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AG 
305 
N7 

ser.  12 
v.  10 
c.  1 
ROBA 


Notes  and  Querks,  July  29.  1922. 


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NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


LONDON.  JANUARY  7,  1922. 


CONTENTS.— No.   195. 

NOTES :— Thomas  Chippendale,  1— The  so-called  Spanish 
Architecture  of  Arras,  3 — The  Sotto  Piombi,  or  the  Piombi, 
Venice,  6 — English  Army  Slang  as  used  in  the  Great  War — 
Early  Ball  Games— Privileges  granted  by 'the  Lord  of  the 
Manor — Fieldingiana,  7 — Mrs.  Joanna  Stephens,  8. 

QUERIES  .—Disraeli  Queries—"  Sunt  oculos  clari  qui  cernis 
~  sidera  tanquam " — Vangoyen,  a  Dutch  Painter— Psalm 
Ixxxiii.,  8 — Erghum  of  Erghum,  Yorkshire — John  Wesley's 
First  Publication— Index  Ecclesiasticus — The  H6tel  Vouille- 
mont — Pio  Nono — Thirlwall  and  Bunsen— Biographical  De- 
tails of  Artists  so  ught— The  "  Abyssinian "  Cross,  9— 
Nathaniel  Eaton— William  George  Eveleigh — 'Not  So  Bad  As 
We  Seem  '  :  Charles  Knight — "  Moliere  "  :  an  Anagram — 
Authors  wanted,  10. 

REPLIES  :—Mary  Wollstonecraft :  Lady  Mary  King,  10— 
'Anything  for  a  Quiet  Life '—The  Fifth  Petition  in  the 
Lord's  Prayer,  11 — "  Sapiens  dominabitur  astris,"  12 — 
George  Trappe— The  Gender  of  "  Ship  " — Principal  London 
Coffee-houses  of  the  Eighteenth  Century — Vice- Admiral  Sir 
Christopher  Mings,  13 — '  The  Beggar's  Opera '  in  Dickens- 
William  Spry  of  Exeter— Verlaine  at  Stickney— Hatchments, 
14— Egg  Folk-lore:  Good  Friday  and  Christmas— "  Hop- 
scotch "  :  Derivation  of  Word — Early  Standards — Title  of 
Anno  Quinto  Edwardi  III. — Verbalized  Surnames — Pharaoh 
as  Surname — The  House  of  Harcourt,  15 — Thomas  Edwards, 
LL.D.— Moses  Griffiths,  Copperplate  Engraver— The  Chim- 
ney-sweeper's Climbing  Boys— Bombers  in  Charles  II.'s 
Navy,  16— Dominoes— Turner  Family,  17 — Authors  wanted, 
18. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :— '  A  New  English  Dictionary  '— '  Eng- 
lish Organ-Cases.' 
Notices  to  Correspondents. 


THOMAS  CHIPPENDALE. 

(See  11  S.  xi.   10.) 

AT  the  above  reference  I  contributed  to 
your  pages  a  somewhat  long  article  on  the 
"  Master  Cabinet-maker  of  St.  Martin's 
Lane  " — as  he  has  been  aptly  described  by  a 
modern  writer — and  his  more  immediate 
family,  by  way  of  supplementing  Colonel 
ChippindalPs  interesting  account  of  the 
Chippendale  family  that  had  appeared  in 
your  columns,  and  I  included  references  to 
one  or  two  other  modern  authorities. 

It  was  generally  supposed  at  that  time  that 
there  were  three  Thomas  Chippendales — son, 
father,  and  grandfather — in  more  or  less  the 
same  way  of  business,  the  greatest  of 
the  three,  of  course,  being  Thomas  Chip- 
pendale No.  II.  One  of  the  authorities  I 
had  laid  considerable  stress  upon  Was  Miss 


Constance  Simon,  who,  in  her  charming  book 
on  '  English  Furniture  Designers  of  the 
Eighteenth  Century'  (1905),  gives  an  excel- 
tent  account  of  the  Chippendale  family  as 
then  known  in  London,  and  whose  conclusions 
I  had  generally  followed.  She  states  (p.  24) 
that  Thomas  Chippendale  the  second  Was 
born  and  spent  a  part  of  his  early  life  at 
Worcester  (though  she  gives  no  authority  for 
that  statement)  and  that  both  father  and 
son  were  settled  in  London  before  1727. 

In  Colonel  Chippindall's  reference  (US. 
vi.  407) — which  of  course  preceded  mine — 
he  stated  that  the  Chippendale  family  came 
from  Otley,  in  Yorkshire,  and  that  if  Thomas 
Chippendale  came  from  Worcestershire  it 
was  only  as  part  of  his  route  to  London.  I, 
however,  cited  Erdeswick's  '  Survey  of 
Staffordshire'  (1844),  as  showing  that 
the  name  must  also  have  had  a  Midland 
habitat,  if  it  were  true,  as  stated  by  that 
author  (p.  468),  that  the  family  of  Chip- 
pendale once  owned  the  estate  of  Blakenhall 
in  that  county.  I  also  gave  other  authorities 
upon  old  furniture  of  that  period  and  its 
makers  (Mr.  Litchfield,  Mr.  K.  Warren 
Clouston,  and  Mrs.  R.  S.  Clouston)  for 
believing  that  our  Thomas  Chippendale  was 
a  native  of  Worcestershire,  though  the  date 
of  his  birth  was  quite  uncertain. 

No  further  discussion  upon  the  subject 
seems  to  have  taken  place  since  my  article 
appeared  in  1913  ;  but  now,  owing  to  the 
further  labours  of  Colonel  Chippindall  and 
of  my  friend,  Mr.  A.  W.  Chippindale  (to  whom 
Colonel  Chippindall  would  appear  to  have 
communicated  the  result  of  his  later  dis- 
coveries, though  neither  of  these  gentlemen, 
I  believe,  claims  any  relationship  to  the  great 
cabinet-maker),  a  great  deal  has  been  learnt 
that  sets  at  rest  many  vexed  questions  on 
the  subject,  and  which  I  have  my  friend's 
permission  to  make  use  of  in  '  N.  &  Q.'  if 
the  editor  should  so  desire. 

In  the  first  place,  a  fairly  complete  pedi- 
gree has  now  been  compiled  showing  the 
immediate  direct  ancestors  of  our  great 
Thomas  Chippendale,  hitherto  generally 
believed  to  be  Thomas  Chippendale  No.  II. 
This  dates  from  the  latter  part  of  the  seven- 
teenth century,  and  discloses  a  John  Chip- 
pindale of  Farnley,  in  the  parish  of  Otley, 
Co.  York,  as  the  grandfather  of  "  our  "  Chip- 
pendale, whose  own  father's  name  was  also 
John,  and  not  Thomas  (No.  I.)  as  hitherto 
supposed.  This  John  Chippindale,  junior, 
married,  at  Otley,  Mary,  the  daughter  of 
,  Thomas  Drake,  a  mason  of  Otley,  whose  son 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[12S.  X.JAN.  7,  1922. 


Thomas  (the  first  of  the  name)  was  the 
great  cabinet-maker,  and  whose  Christian 
name  ended  with  the  death  of  his  eldest 
son  Thomas,  who  was  baptized  at  St. 
Paul's,  Covent  Garden,  April  23,  1749,  and 


died  s.p.  circa  1820.  This  will  be  made,  no 
doubt,  clearer  to  your  readers  if  the  editor 
will  kindly  allow  me  to  insert  the  following 
short  and  direct  pedigree,  omitting  all  col- 
lateral descendants  : — 


John  Ghippindale 
of    Farnley,     Otley ;     bur.    at 
Otley,  Aug.  8,  1708. 


John 

of  Farnley,  carpenter  ;  bap.  at 
Otley,  Jan.  30,  1658/9;  bur.  at 
Otley,  Oct.  11,  1727  (will  dated 
June  17,  1727). 


John 

of  Otley,  joiner:  bap.  at 
Otley,  Mar,  7,  1690/1  (called 
"eldest  son  "  in  his  father's 
will.) 


Margaret     .     .     . 
bur.  at  Otley,  Jan.  26,  1668/9. 


Rebeeca  Shave, 

mar.  at  Guiseley,  Feb.  2,   1685/6;    bur.    at    Otley, 
Feb.  1,  1746/7. 


Mary  Drake, 

dau.  of  Thomas  Drake,  of  Otley,  mason;  mar. 
at  Otley,  July  3,  1715;  bur.  at  Otley,  Feb.  28, 
1728/9. 


THOMAS  CHIPPENDALE 

of  St.  Martin's-in-the-Fields, 
cabinet-maker  ;  bap.  at  Otley, 
June  5,  17J8;  died  intestate; 
administration  granted,  Dec.  1 6, 
1779;  bur.  at  St.  Martin's, 
Nov.  13,  1779. 


(i.)  Catherine  Redshaw 
of  St.  Martin's-in-the- 
Fields  ;  mar.  at  St. 
George's  Chapel,  Hyde 
Park,  May  19,  1748; 
bur.  at  St.  Martin's, 
Sept.  7,  1772. 


(ii.)  Elizabeth  (late  Davis), 
mar.  at  Fulham,  Axig.  5, 
1777  (named  as  "the 
relict"  in  intestacy  pro- 
ceedings.) 


Thomas 

of  St.  Martin's-in-the-Fields ; 
bap.  at  St.  Paul's,  Covent 
Garden,  April  23,  1749  (lived 
at  69,  Haymarket  in  1817); 
died  c.  1820  s.p. 


Ann  Whitehead, 
mar.  at  St.  Martin's,  July  16,  1793. 


From  this  we  learn  that  there  are  no 
longer,  as  we  supposed,  three  Thomas  Chip- 
pendales to  be  considered,  and  that  it  is 
the  first  of-  this  name,  not  the  second,  that 
was  in  reality  the  subject  of  my  previous 
article,  being  in  all  probability  named  after 
his  maternal  grandfather,  Thomas  Drake, 
as  that  Christian  name  appears  nowhere 
else  in  this  Chippendale  pedigree  that 
Colonel  Chippindall  has  compiled. 

From  Colonel  Chippindall's  and  Mr.  A. 
W.  Chippindale's  later  researches  we  also 
learn  that  the  name  now  accepted  as  Chip- 
pendale admitted  of  an  immense  variety. 
From  a  list  the  latter  has  kindly  lent  me 
I  note  that  over  eighty  varieties  of  the 
spelling  occur,  mostly  from  Lancashire, 
Yorkshire,  and  neighbouring  localities,  and 
ranging  down  the  centuries  from  Chipindale, 
1307  ;  Chepyngdale-,  1379  (this  occurs 
again  in  1535);  Chipindall,  1597;  Chipen- 
*dell,  1637;  Chipindayll,  1703;  whilst, 
strange  to  say,  one  of  the  most  ancient 


(1258)  and  the  most  modern  are  the  same — 
Chippendale. 

This  strange  coincidence  is  repeated 
again  in  the  place-names,  which,  though 
naturally  not  so  numerous,  show  much  the 
same  variety  of  spelling.  Chipinden  and 
Chippenden  occur  in  Domesday  Book  ( 1085)  ; 
and  Chippendale  in  1102;  Cepndel,  1102; 
Chepyngdale,  1230  ;  Chippendal  and  Chipin- 
dale, 1258  ;  Chippingdale,  1296  ;  Chypyn- 
dale,  1352  ;  Chippyndale  and  Chippingdon, 
temp.  Elizabeth. 

The  name  would  seem  to  have  originated 
in  the  little  valley  of  Chippingdale,  a  place- 
name  which  is  mentioned  in  the  earliest 
Pipe  Roll  relating  to  Lancashire,  in  the  reign 
of  Henry  I.  In  the  thirteenth  century 
the  name  began  to  be  used  as  a  surname, 
as  in  a  charter,  without  date  but  between 
1230-1256,  Robert  signs  as  "persona  de 
Chippingdale "  (see  Cheetham  Society's 
N.S.,  vol.  xxvi.,  pp.  165-6),  and  in  1246-7 


12  S.  X.  jAJf.  7,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


Lancashire  Assize  Rolls,  30-31  Henry  III., 
we  find  Dyke  de  Chypendale  as  a  surety 
for  a  defendant's  appearance.  The  earliest 
church  registers  of  Chipping  are  in  1559, 
but  there  are  no  Chippiiidales  in  them. 

Another  very  strong  proof  that  the 
cabinet -maker's  family  was  of  Yorkshire 
extraction  is  afforded  by  these  researches, 
in  which  is  mentioned  an  Indenture  of 
Lease  and  Release  of  April  30,  1770,  now 
in  the  West  Riding  Registry  at  Leeds, 
in  which  the  name  of  "  Thomas  Chippindale 
(sic)  of  St.  Martin's  Lane,  London,  cabinet- 
maker," appears,  together  with  those  of 
three  of  has  uncles,  William,  Benjamin, 
and  Joseph.  These  documents  are  in  re- 
spect of  a  messuage,  gardens,  orchards, 
&c.,  in  Broughgate,  in  Otley. 

May  I  conclude  on  a  more  personal  note  ? 
There  had  been  some  doubt  expressed  as  to 
what  was  the  age  of  Thomas  Chippendale 
when  he  died.  Mr.  Percy  Macquoid,  in  his 
great  work  on  the  '  History  of  English 
Furniture'  (1906,  vol.  iii.,  p.  134,  'Age  of 


Mahogany  '),  says  that  "  facts  go  to  prove 
that  he  died  at  the  age  of  about  70."  Miss 
Simon  claims  to  be  the  first  to  give  the  actual 
date  of  his  burial  as  Nov.  13,  1779, 
and  that  he  was  buried  at  St.  Martin's-in- 
the-Fields.  But  no  age  was  stated.  Her 
statement  is  confirmed  by  a  personal  in- 
spection I  made  a  short  while  ago  of  the 
clearly  written  parchment  transcript  of  the 
burial  entries  of  the  parish,  and  there, 
under  date  Nov.  13,  1779,  appears  the 
name  "  Thomas  Chippendale.  M.,"  plainly 
enough.  But  there  is  no  entry  of  age. 
Of  course  this  can  now  be  arrived  at  by  his 
baptismal  entry  at  Otley  on  June  5,  1718, 
as  shown  in  the  before -mentioned  pedigree. 
And  further,  it  is  confirmed  by  the  copy 
which  Mr.  A.  W.  Chippindale  has  made  of 
the  Account  Book  of  Funeral  Expenses 
belonging  to  the  parish  (which  was  not 
accessible  when  I  was  at  the  church),  and 
which  he  has  shown  me,  in  which  the  age 
is  given  as  "62  yrs  "  ;  and  further,  pre- 
sumably, the  cause  of  his  death — "  Consp." 
This  undoubtedly  means  "  consumption," 
as  it  often  occurs,  whilst  others  are  given 
as  "  dropsy,"  "  fever,"  and  "  S. P."  for  small- 
pox. 

His  body  was  probably  amongst  those 
removed  to  the  burial-ground  belonging  to 
St.  Martin's,  near  the  almshouses  at  Camden 
Town,  when  the  mother  church  was  re- 
stored some  80  years  ago.  Those  also 
in  the  spacious  crypt  were  removed,  but, 


|  apparently,  most  of  the  principal  monuments 
|  and  tombstones  are  still  preserved  there  or 
relaid  as  a  flooring.  It  should  be  remem- 
bered that  the  site  of  the  present  National 
Gallery  once  formed  part  of  the  churchyard 
of  old  St.  Martin's. 

I  may  say  that  there  are  a  couple  of  old, 
j  large,  square-backed,  wide-seated  arm-chairs, 
!  covered  in  dark  red  plush  velvet,  preserved 
!  in  the  royal  pew  at  the  eastern  end  of  the 
south  gallery  by  the  chancel.  The  wooden 
part  of  the  arms  ends  in  a  lion's  face  or 
mask  ;  the  same  on  the  knee  of  the  cabriole- 
leg,  which  itself  is  supported  on  a  lion's- 
claw-fobt.  The  legs  at  the  back  are  simi- 
larly designed.  The  wood  is  probably 
mahogany,  but  covered  by  a  thick  coating 
of  varnish  or  some  other  disfiguring  sub- 
stance. Whether  the  chairs  were  pre- 
sented, as  has  been  suggested,  by  the  great 
cabinet-maker  himself  when  he  was  a  neigh- 
bouring parishioner,  there  is  no  evidence  to 
show  ;  but,  to  my  mind,  though  they  may 
be  of  the  "  Chippendale  period,"  they  seem 
to  disclose  a  heavier  and  more  foreign 
character — possibly  Dutch — than  is  usually 
associated  with  Engish  "  Chippendale "" 
furniture.  With  scarcely  an  exception  the 
interior  of  the  church  is  devoid  of  monu- 
ments. 

Ajud  now,  in  conclusion,  let  me  say  that 
having  once  formed  the  opinion  that  there 
were  three  Thomas  Chippendales  in  succes- 
sion— and,  worse  still,  having  recorded  it 
in  '  N.  &  Q.' — now  that  I  have  very  good 
reason  to  believe  that  it  is  not  the  case, 
it  only  remains  for  me  to  make  my  humble 
amende  in  the  same  pages,  and  so  prevent 
your  readers  in  future  from  falling  into  that 
error  to  which,  I  am  afraid,  I  may  have  led 
some  of  them  in  the  past. 

J.  S.  UDAL,  F.S.A. 


THE  SO-CALLED  SPANISH  ARCHITEC- 
TURE OF  ARRAS. 

IT  is  at  last  being  recognized  by  writers  on 
Arras  that  the  architecture  of  the  Grande 
and  Petite  Places  in  that  town  is  not  in 
the  "  Spanish  style  "  but  is  of  purely  local 
origin.  It  is,  therefore,  disappointing  to 
find  in  the  '  Blue  Guide  to  Belgium  and  the 
Western  Front '  a  statement  to  the  effect 
that 

both  squares  were  enclosed  by  seventeenth- 
century  houses  built  in  a  quaint  uniform  style 
during  the  Spanish  domination  (p.  80). 

It  is  true  that  nothing  here  is  said  as  to 
the  architecture  being  Spanish,  but  to  the 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[12S.  X.  JAN.  7,  1922. 


general  reader  that  would  probably  be  the  j 
inference,  supported  as  it  is  by  local  guide- ! 
books  and  popular  belief.  The  statement  j 
as  it  stands,  however,  is  not  even  true  his-  j 
torically,  for  both  squares  took  their  present  j 
(or  pre-war)  aspect  in  the  latter  half  of  the  j 
seventeenth  century,  after  the  Spanish  i 
domination  had  come  to  an  end. 

Joanne  ('  Northern  France,'  1914)  has  no 
mention  of  Spanish  architecture  at  Arras,  j 
and  the  '  Encyclopaedia  Britannica '  ( 1 1  th  ed. ) 
is   also   silent   on   the   subject.     The   latter 
correctly  states  : — 

The  lofty  houses  which  border  the  spacious 
squares  known  as  the  Grande  and  Petite  Places 
are  in  the  Flemish  style.  They  are  built  with 
their  upper  storeys  projecting  over  the  footway 
and  supported  on  columns  so  as  to  form  arcades. 

Yet  well-informed  writers  like  M.  Le 
Gentil  (1877),  M.  Ardouin-Dumazet  (1898), 
the  Abbe  Drimille  (1913),  and  M.  Andre 
de  Poncheville  (1920)  have  repeated  and 
so  perpetuated  the  common  belief  that  these 
purely  Flemish  buildings  are  in  the  Spanish, 
or  Hispano-Flemish,  style. 

M.  Le  Gentil,  after  speaking  of  the  "  en- 
semble sans  exemple "  of  the  two  squares, 
goes  on  to  say  : — 

Les  Flandres  en  effet  ainsi  que  1'Espagne 
n'ont  conserve  rien  qui  puisse  lui  etre  compare. 
Toutes  les  maisons  hispano-flamandes,  de  cet  en- 
semble, avec  leurs  pignons  droits  d -^coupes  .  .  . 
frappent  d'etonnement  et  d'admiration  qui- 
conque  les  voit  pour  la  premiere  fois  ('  Le  vieil 
Arras,'  p.  501). 

M.  Ardoiun-Dumazet,  in  his  '  Voyage  en 
France/  speaks  also  of  "  les  hautes  maisons 
de  style  hispano-flamand  "  of  the  squares, 
and  the  Abbe  Drimille,  in  his  '  Guide  his- 
torique  et  archeologique,'  writes;— 

Voici  la  Grand'  Place  et  son  musee  de  vieilles 
maisons  hispano-flamandes.  Elles  forment  un 
ensemble  sans  egal :  ni  les  Flandres  ni  1'Espagne 
n'ont  rien  de  semblable  (p.  31). 

The  houses  of  the  Petite  Place  also,  he 
states,  are  built  in  the  same  style — "  le  style 
hispano-flamand :  presque  toutes  sont  du 
XVIIe  siecle." 

More  surprising  is  it  to  find  M.  Andre  de 
Poncheville  endorsing  the  popular  belief  : — 

Les  places  completaient  1'hotel  de  ville  et  son 
beffroi.  Leurs  maisons  hispano-flamandes  a 
pignons  denteles  avaient  eu  leur  expression  totale 
dans  la  Maison  Commune  ('  Arras  et  1'Artois 
devastes,'  p.  93). 

This  would   almost  seem  to   imply  that 
the    Hotel    de    Ville    itself    was    Hispano- 
Flemish   in   style,   and   such   a    belief   un- 
doubtedly exists  though  not  finding  definite 
.  expression  in  the  guide-books.     The  Hotel 


de  Ville,  it  is  true,  was  built  between  the 
years  1501  and  1517,  and  chronologically 
therefore  might  claim  to  be  "  Spanish." 
But  the  design  of  this  "  Gothic  palace," 
as  it  is  styled  by  M.  Camille  Enlart,  was 
inspired  by  the  Town  Hall  at  St.  Quentin 
and  owed  nothing  to  Spain.  The  upper 
part  of  the  belfry,*  which  originally  dated 
from  1551-73,  was  the  work  of  an  artist 
born  near  Bapaume.  The  later  Renaissance 
wing  (1572)  was  also  from  the  design  of  a 
local  man  and  was  Flemish  in  character. 

What  is  known  as  the  "  Spanish  domina- 
tion "  in  Arras  is  usually  defined  as  the 
period  1493-1640.  But  from  the  time  of 
Maximilian  of  Austria  to  the  abdication 
of  Charles  V.  in  1555  it  would  be  more 
correct,  perhaps,  to  speak  of  the  Habs- 
burg  or  Austrian  domination.  Charles  V., 
indeed,  had  in  some  respects  more  in  common 
with  the  land  of  his  birth  than  with  his 
mother's  country,  Spain,  and  until  his 
disappearance  from  the  stage  direct  Spanish 
influence  .in  Artois  and  Flanders  counted 
for  very  little.  Even  with  the  coming  of 
Spanish  statesmen  and  soldiers  under 
Philip  II.  the  domestic  life  of  the  ordinary 
citizen  went  on  pretty  much  as  before, 
and  Spanish  influence  in  Arras  hardly 
extended  to  matters  of  art — at  any  rate  not 
to  architecture.  The  Flemish  tradition 
continued  unimpaired  throughout  the  reigns 
of  the  three  Philips  until  the  restoration 
of  Arras  to  France,  and  well  into  the  reign 
of  Louis  XIV. 

The  period  of  the  real  Spanish  domina- 
tion in  Arras  is  thus  reduced  to  something 
less  than  a  century,  for  although  the  town 
,was  not  definitely  assigned  to  France  till 
1659,  it  had  been  in  French  possession 
since  its  capture  in  1640  by  the  armies 
of  Louis  XIII.  During  the  siege  of  that 
yea^,  and  again  in  1654,  when  the  Spaniards 
made  an  attempt  to  regain  possession,  the 
houses  in  both  squares  were  badly  damaged, 
a  fact  referred  to  by  the  well-informed 
writer  of  the  '  Michelin  Guide  '  (1920)  :— 

The  bombardments  of  1640  and  1654  demolished 
or  seriouslv  damaged  a  large  number  of  the 
houses.  Their  facades  were  rebuilt  in  stone,  not, 
as  is  commonlv  believed,  in  the  Spanish,  but  in 
the  Flemish,  style  (p.  30). 

But  this  rebuilding  did  not  take  place 
immediately.  Down  to  this  time  most  of 
the  houses  in  both  squares  had  been  of 


*  The  belfrv  was  beerun  in  1463,  thirtv  vears 
before  the  *'  Spanish  domination,"  and  finished 
in  its  original  form  in  1499. 


12  S.  X.  JAN.  7.  ]  922.1 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


timber,  but  the  further  erection  of  wooden 
dwellings  had  been  forbidden  in  1574. 
Some  houses  of  stone  no  doubt  existed 
before  this  time,  and  one,  partly  of 
thirteenth- century  date,  still  stands  un- 
damaged on  the  north  side  of  the  Grande 
Place.  But  neither  square  during  the  period 
of  the  Spanish  domination  bore  the  appear- 
ance that  has  since  become  familiar.  Both 
probably  presented  what  M.  Drimille  calls 
a  "  pele-mele  des  maisons  en  bois  et  en 
pierre,"  at  once  irregular  and  picturesque, 
without  any  attempts  at  order  or  uniformity. 
It  was  not  till  the  time  of  the  French 
intendant  Chauvelin,  in  1670,  that  the 
alinement  of  the  houses  in  the  squares  and 
in  the  connecting  Rue  de  la  Taillerie  was 
regulated  and  fixed,  thus  converting  the 
';  pele-mele "  into  a  unified  yet  artistic 
whole.  These  new  houses  were  faced  with 
brick  and  stone  and  were  of  varying  design 
and  size,  but  uniform  in  style.  Some  few 
of  the  dwellings  erected  during  the  Spanish 
period  may  have  been  preserved,  and  one 
such,  at  least,  belonging  to  the  first  decade 
of  the  seventeenth  century,  still  stands  in 
the  Rue  de  la  Taillerie.  But  the  majority 
are — or  were — subsequent  to  •  1670  ;  one 
still  standing  in  the  Petite  Place  is  dated 
1685. 

M.  Camille  Enlart's  description  of  these 
houses  is  worth  quoting  : — 

C'etaient  des  maisons  de  briques  avec  chain- 
ages  et  encadrements  de  pierre  blanche,  et  au 
rez-de-chaussee  un  etroit  portique  de  gres,  forme 
d'arcs  en  anse  de  panier  et  de  minces  colonnes 
doriques.  Les  maisons  avaient  chacune  deux 
etages  superieurs  et  un  pignon  ondule,  compose 
d'un  fronton  cintre  raccorde  a  deux  grandes 
consoles  renversees.  Presque  toutes  ces  maisons 
gardaient  leurs  enseignes  de  pierre,  reproduisant 
celles,  bien  anterieures,  des  demeures  qu'elles 
avaienfc  remplacees  ('  Arras  avant  la-Guerre,'  p.  14). 

M.  Enlart,  writing  in  1916,  uses  -the  past 
tense,  as  if  everything  had  been  destroyed. 
But  the  reality,  though  bad,  is  not  so  bad 
as  that.  There  are  many  houses  in  the 
Grande  Place,  especially  on  the  east  side, 
that  have  survived  the  war,  some  damaged, 
others  intact.  Too  many,  however,  have 
disappeared.  But  all  will  be  rebuilt  accord- 
ing to  the  old  design,  and  where  possible 
with  the  old  materials.  Already  the  re- 
construction of  the  squares  is  making  rapid 
progress. 

Regarding  the  architecture  of  the  Grande 
and  Petite  Places,  M.  Enlart  has  this  to 
say:— 

De  1493  a  1640  Arras  appartint  &  1'Espagne, 
et  1'opinion  populaire,  qui  prend  si  souvent  le 


change,  attribuait  a  1'art  espagnol  1 'architecture 
de  ses  places.  En  realite,  elles  etaient  presque 
totalement  anterieures  ou  posterieures  a  la 
domination  de  1'Espagne  :  la  partie  visible  des 
maisons  datant  de  la  seconde  moitie  du  XVIIe 
siecle  et  leurs  caves  des  Xlle,  XHIe,  et  XI Ve. 
.  .  .  C'est  a  1'art  des  Pays-Bays  qu'il  fallait 
assimiler  toutes  les  pittoresques  facades  a 
j  pignons  des  places.  Nulle  trace  dans  tout  cela 
d'art  espagnol." 

Yet  so  persistent  is  the  "  tradition  "  that 

curious  tourists  have  been  known  to   find 

evidence  of  Spanish  influence  in  a  malformed 

semicircular  arch  in  one  of  the  now  exposed 

j  cellars    of    the    Petite    Place,    seeing    in   it, 

I  no    doubt,   some   supposed   resemblance   to 

j  the    work    of  the  Moors  in  Spain  !      When 

I  once  this  train  of  thought  is  set  going  it 

I  may    lead    far.     So    one    is    not    altogether 

'  surprised    to    find    in    a    printed    lecture, 

I  published  by  the  National  Council  of  the 

I  Young    Men's    Christian    Associations,    this 

j  amazing  statement  concerning  Arras  : — 

The  visitor  with  architectural  interests  will 
j  find  much  here  to  hold  his  attention  for  a  long 
j  time,  notably  the  Moorish  Square,  &c. 

At  what  period  the  belief  in  the  Spanish 
i  origin  of  the  seventeenth- century  buildings 
in  Arras  first  arose  nobody  seems  to  know. 
Victor  Hugo,  in  1837,  speaks  of 

deux  places  curieuses  a  pignons  en  volutes  dans 
le  style  flamand-espagnol  du  temps  de  Louis  XIII., 

but  he  may  only  have  been  repeating  what 
he  had  heard.  His  reference  to  the  time 
of  Louis  XIII.  is  to  be  remarked.  But 
only  three  years  elapsed  between  the  loss 
of  Arras  by  Spain  and  the  death  of 
Louis  XIII. ,  and,  as  we  have  seen,  the  houses 
in  the  squares  are  generally  some  thirty 
or  forty  years  later  in  date.  Paul  Verlaine, 
whose  mother  came  from  Fampoux,  a 
village  near  Arras,  speaks  of 

la  ville  aux  toits  follets 
Poignardant,  espagnols,  les  ciels  epars  de  Flandre 

Taking  this  as  his  text  M.  Henri  Potez,  in 
a  little  book  on  Arras  belonging  to  a  series 
called  '  Villes  meurtries  de  la  France ' 
(1918),  writes  :— 

•  [Verlaine]  repetait  avec  ingenuite  ce  qu'il  avait 
oui  dire.  Pour  nos  peres  des  ages  romantiques 
tout  etait  espagnol  en  Artois  et  dans  les  Flandres. 
C'est  qu'a  leur  appetit^rien  n'6tait  beau  qui  ne 
vtnt  de  loin,  rien  ne  meritait  consideration  qui 
ne  d^celat  une  origine  exotique.  A  leurs  yeux,  le 
clair  de  lune  lui-meme  6tait  allemand  ! 

This  would  seem  to  imply  thet,  in  the 
opinion  of  M.  Potez,  the  "  Spanish  tradition  " 
in  Arras  dates  only  from  the  time  of  the 
Romantic  movement.  It  may  be  so.  It 
may  be  that  this  popular  belief  is  a  gift 


6 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[12  S.  X.  JAN.  7,  1922. 


to  us,  with  '  Hernani,'  from  the  imaginative 
fancy  of  the  Victor  of  Romance. 

The  newer  guide-books,  however,  are 
discarding  the  old  belief.  The  *Michelin 
Guide,'  as  we  have  seen,  throws  it  over 
altogether.  The  popular  '  Guide  Davrinche  ' 
seeks  a  compromise  : — 

Maisons  espagnoles  diseiit  les  uns,  hispano- 
flamandes  affirment  d'autres ;  c'est  juste,  si 
Ton  entend  par  la  que  les  premieres  des  ces 
maisons  datent  de  la  domination  espagnole ; 
mais  que  Ton  ne  pretende  pas  y  voir  une  importa- 
tion etrangere  :  elles  sont  filles  du  genie  frangais 
et  de  1'art  artesien. 

But  the  better  course  is  to  say  quite 
frankly  with  M.  Enlart,  "  No  trace  here  of 
Spanish  art."  F.  H.  CHEETHAM. 


THE    SOTTO   PIOMBI,    OR  THE 
PIOMBI,  VENICE. 

IN  The  Times  of  Dec.  14,  1921,  p.  9,  c.  5, 

4  Modern  Use  for  Venice  Prisons '  is  an 
editorial  note  in  which  it  is  stated  that 
"  The  prisons  underneath  the  leaden  roof 
of  the  Doges'  Palace,  known  as  the  Piombi, 
were  destroyed  in  1797." 

As  to  these  prisons  guide-books  are  not 
agreed  : — 

Prom  the  landing-place  from  which  the  Ducal 
apartments  are  entered,  stairs  lead  to  the  famous 
Sotto  Piombi  at  the  top  of  the  building — as  their 
name  denotes,  "  under  the  leads."  They  were 
formerly  used  as  prisons.  .  .  .  Jacopo  [sic] 
Casanova  was  shut  up  in  them  in  1775  [true  date 
1755-56].  Silvio  Pellico  was  not  confined  here  as 
so  often  stated.  ...  A  few  have  been  recently 
converted  into  dwelling  apartments  ;  the  others 
are  used  for  lumber  rooms.  (Murray's  *  Handbook, 
Northern  Italy,'  1874,  p.  3-15.) 

The  Piombi,  or  prisons  under  the  leaden  roof 
of  the  Palace,  were  destroyed  in  1797,  but  have 
'recently  again  been  made  accessible.  (Baedeker's 
«  Northern  Italy,'  1886,  p.  252.) 

From  the  Anticollegio  a  staircase  leads  to  the 
famous  Piombi,  the  "Prisons  under  the  leads" 
(not  shown)  of  the  suffering  in  which  Jacopo 
'[sic]  Casanova,  who  was  imprisoned  there  in 
1755,  has  left  such  a  dramatic  description. 
Describing  his  imprisonment  in  the  Piombi,  Silvio 
Pellico  says  .  .  .  [Here  follows  a  quotation  (trans- 
lated) from  '  Le  Mie  Prigioni.']  (Augustus  J.  C. 
Hade's  '  Venice,'  1896,  p.  52.) 

From  the  Hall  of  the  Ten  .  .  .  there  was  a 
narrow  staircase  leading  out,  by  which  one  could 
go  up  to  the  Piombi.  .  +  .  Originally  there  were 
four  of  them  ;  but  during  the  revolution  in  1797 
three  were  destroyed  and  only  one  preserved 
to  act  as  a  reminder.  In  these  prisons  Giordano 
Bruno  before  being  handed  over  to  the  Inquisi- 
tion was  kept ;  and  later  on,  Silvio  Pellico  was 
detained  there  by  the  Austrian  Government 
before  being  sent  to  Spielberg.  ('  "Venice  and 
Neighbourhood,'  A.  Scrocchi,  Editor,  Milan, 
Venice,  p.  77.) 


Being  in  Venice  in  1889,  after  one  day 
visiting  the  Pozzi,  having  heard  that  the 
Sotto  Piombi  had  been  restored,  I  told  one 
of  the  attendants,  or  guards,  that  I  wanted 
to  visit  them.  He  replied  that  they  had 
been  destroyed,  and  did  not  exist.  The 
same  reply  from  a  second  man.  I  made 
my  request  to  a  third.  A  similar  reply. 
I  answered  "  But  they  have  been  restored." 
He  then  told  me  that  I  should  have  to  get 
leave  from  the  director  of  the  Palace.  r'A 
few  days  later  I  called  at  the  director's 
office.  He  at  once  gave  me  leave,  and 
sent  for  a  man  to  conduct  me. 

Meanwhile,  this  very  polite  director  told 
me  that  Casanova's  prison  room  was  to 
be  seen,  also  that  lately  there  had  been 
found  many  papers  about  him,  which  would 
be  published  in  France.  I  was  taken  up 
many  flights  of  stairs  by  one  of  the  guards. 
I  find  in  my  diary : — 

I  don't  think  that  he  [the  guard]  knew  much 
about  the  t  place.  However,  he  showed  me  the 
prison  room  of  Jacques  Casanova.  Like  most 
of  the  rest  of  the  Sotto  Piombi  it  appears  to  be 
quite  a  restoration.  Still,  there  is  a  little 
room.  ...  At  the  window  side  it  is  about 
12  feet  [the  gther  end  is  smaller].  The  window 
is  very  strongly  barred,  and  looks  into  the  build- 
ing, being  some  feet  away  from  the  outside  roof 
wall.  The  door  is  undoubtedly  old — very  low 
and  very  thick,  about  6  or  7  inches.  It  has  a 
round  hole  through  it,  about  7  inches  in  diameter, 
and  a  heavy  lock  bar  on  the  outside.  There  is 
not  much  else  to  be  seen  in  the  way  of  dun- 
geons. The  guard  showed  me  a  place  which 
he  said  had  been  the  torture  chamber.  There 
is  a  big  sort  of  block  (pulley  block)  in  the  roof. 

The  rough  outline  in  my  diary  makes 
the  window  end  of  the  Casanova  room 
about  12  feet  wide,  the  opposite  end  about 
10,  the  door  side  about  14,  and  side  oppo- 
site about  13. 

If  this  room  is  a  reproduction  of  one  occu- 
pied by  Casanova,  it  is  probably  his  second 
cachot,  that  from  which  he  escaped. 

The  assertion  in  Murray's  '  Handbook,' 
that  Silvio  Pellico  was  not  confined  in  the 
Sotto  Piombi,  "as  so  often  stated,"  is  a 
contradiction  of  what  Pellico  writes  in 
chaps.  22,  39,  44,  47,  49,  where  he  says 
that  he  was  imprisoned  there  before  his 
removal  to  the  prison  of  San  Michele, 
whence,  after  being  sentenced  to  fifteen 
years  imprisonment,  he  was  taken  to  Spiel- 
berg in  Moravia.  I  am  referring  to  *  Mes 
Prisons,'  1838,  an  abbreviated  translation 
of  *  Le  Mie  Prigioni.' 

ROBERT  PIEBPOINT. 


12  S.  X.  JAN.  7,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


ENGLISH  ARMY  SLANG  AS  USED  IN| 
THE  GREAT  WAR. 

(See  12  S.  ix.  341,  378,  383,  415.  423,  455, ; 
465,  499,  502,  53*.) 

WE  are  indebted  to  MB.  E.  LONSDALE  DEIGH- 

TON  for  the  following  more  or  less  travestied  ', 

Russian  words  which  were  adopted  by  the ! 

troops  serving  in  Russia  and  used  there  as  i 

were    ''sanfaryan"    and    "napoo"    on  the: 

Western  Front. 

BARISHNYA  (tiapuouu).  Strictly  an  unmarried  i 
lady.  To  Tommy,  any  "  bird." 

Do  SVIDANYA  !  (40  CBHjaHba).  Good-bye  !  The  I 
Russian  expression  meaning  Au  revoir  I 

PEANNY  (nwawM).     Drunk. 

POZHALYSTA  (noHjajyiicia).     Please. 

SPASSEBA    (coacndo).     Thanks. 

STARES  CHELEVEK  (ciapwii  Me.iOB'feKi).  An  old  j 
man.  A  term  applied  to  the  C.O.,  or! 
any  other  person  in  authority. 

XAROSHEB  (xopouim).  (Pronounce  "  x  "  as  Scottish  j 
"  eh-")  An  expression  .of  satisfaction.  | 
Equivalent  to  Tres  bien  and  as  much  j 
mutilated  in  pronunciation. 

YAH     NB     PANEMIYU     (a  He  noRHMaro).     "  I  dont  j 
understand."     An     expression     most        fre- 
quently used    by    Tommy    in    making     love : 
to  his  barishnya. 

"  ZDRASTVTTYE  ! "  (Contracted  very  often  into 
"  Zdrast !  ")  The  Russian  form  of  greeting 
is  "  34pacTByfiie,"  meaning  "  Be  healthy  1  " 
Adopted  by  the  troops  it  became  the  general 
form  of  greeting  among  themselves. 
[No  English  Army  Slang  will  appear  in  the 

next  three  numbers  of  *  N.  &  Q.'] 


EARLY  BALL  GAMES. —  In  The  Daily  Mail , 
of  Dec.  22,  1921,  there  appears  a  reproduc- 
tion   of   an   illustration   from   a    '  Book   of ; 
Hours '    (c.  1500)    in    the   British    Museum 
representing     what     looks     extraordinarily  | 
like  a  game  of  golf.     This  reminded  me  of  a  \ 
passage  in  A.   Abram's   '  English  Life  and 
Manners  in  the  Later  Middle  Ages  '  (p.  235),  • 
as   follows  :    "  Other   statutes    and   procla-  j 
mations    include    among    unlawful    games 
[temp. Rich.  II.]     .     .     .     cambuc,  probably 
a   kind  of   golf,  the  ball  being  hit  with   a  i 
curved  bat   called  a  bandy."     This   again  | 
reminds  me  of  a  game  in  vogue  in  the  Isle  j 
of  Man   from  days   of  yore   locally  called  j 
cammug.     Both    the    game    itself    and    the  ( 
stout  curved  stick,  preferably  of  gorse,  are  | 
named   cammug.     The   two   names   cambuc  \ 
and    cammug    are    virtually    identical,    the  j 
labial  letter  "  b  "  of  the  one  having  been  j 
softened  into  the  nasal  labial  "  m  "  of  the 
other.     If    I    am    not    mistaken,    cammug  j 
differed  from  both   golf   and  hockey,   con- ' 
.  sisting,  I  think,  of  a  trial  of  strength  as  to  ] 


who  should  drive  the  object  struck  to  the 
greatest  distance.  But  I  am  not  sure  of 
this,  though  I  am  sure  there  were  no  holes 
to  negotiate  as  in  golf.  But  certainly  there 
is  a  cousinship  between  all  these  various 
games — golf,  hockey,  the  game  depicted  in 
the  '  Book  of  Hours,'  cambuc  and  cammug. 
CHABLES  SWYNNERTON,  F.S.A. 

PRIVILEGES  GRANTED  BY  THE  LORD  OF 
THE  MANOR. — An  interesting  sidelight  on 
the  social  life  of  the  time  of  James  I.,  and 
incidentally  on  the  comprehensive  nature 
of  the  privileges  which  it  was  in  the  power 
of  the  lord  of  the  manor  to  give,  is  shown 
by  the  following  copy  of  a  paper  in  my 
possession.  It  seems  extraordinary  that 
the  amenities  of  even  a  small  country 
village  should  be  so  disregarded  as  to 
permit  such  rights  to  any  one  person,  how- 
ever important  he  might  be  locally.  John 
Smyth  was  the  steward  of  the  Hundred 
of  Berkeley  and  the  writer  of  the  '  Lives  of 
the  Berkeleys.' 

Wee  Sr  William  Cooke  and  Sr  Thomas  Estcourt 
knights  executors  of  the  last  will  and  Testament 
of  the  Bight  Honble  Henry  lord  Berkley  de- 
ceased, doe  hereby,  as  farre  as  in  us  lyeth,  grant, 
and  give  leave  unto  John  Smyth  of  Nibly  in  the 
County  of  Glouc  gent,  for  the  better  compostinge, 
soylinge,  and  refreshinge  of  the  arrable  lands 
of  the  said  John  in  Nibly  aforesaid,  to  bringe 
and  cast  strawe  into  the  streets  and  highwayes 
their,  And  the  same  afterwards  to  shovell  togeather 
on  heapes  and  cary  into  the  arrable  grounds  of 
the  said  John,  fforbiddinge  all  others  to  enter- 
medle  in  the  like  in  any  the  streets  and  high- 
wayes in  Nibly  aforesaid,  without  the  leave  of 
the  said  John.  Witnes  our  hands,  this  p'sent 
ixth  of  May.  1614.  THO  :  ESTCOURT. 

ROLAND  AUSTIN. 

Gloucester. 

FIELDINGIANA. — Leslie  Stephen,  in  his 
essay  on  Fielding,  says  : — 

Though  I  do  not  think  that  he  [i.e.  Taine]  is  at 
his  best  in  discussing  the  "  amiable  buftalo," 
Fielding,  he  makes  a  criticisir,  which  may  help 
us  to  a  further  judgment. 

I  do  not  wish  to  be  hypercritical,  but 
I  may  point  out  that  Taine  does  not  call 
Fielding  "  an  amiable  buffalo."  He  is 
apostrophizing  Fielding,  and  he  says, 
"  L'homme  tel  que  vous  le  concevez,  est 
un  bon  buffle."  It  is  also,  I  should  think, 
an  open  question  whether  "  amiable  buffalo  " 
is  a  correct  translation  of  bon  buffle.  A 
certain  elan  des  sens,  a  certain  bouillonne- 
ment  du  sang,  are  included  in  Taine's 
conception  of  a  good  buffalo,  as  is  clearly 
shown  by  the  context. 

T.  PERCY  ARMSTRONG. 


8 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[12  S.  X.JAN.  7,  19221, 


MRS.     JOANNA     STEPHENS. — This    lady's 


2.  When  were  first    published    Benjamin 


biography  is  not  given  in  the  '  D.N.B.'  She  Disraeli's  editions  of  the  following  works 
published,  on  June  16,  1739,  a  receipt  for  I  by  Isaac  Disraeli  :  '  Quarrels  of  Authors,' 
the  cure  of  the  stone  and  gravel,  which  I  '  Calamities  of  Authors,'  '  Amenities  of 
raised  considerable  dust  among  the  medical  j  Literature,'  and  the  other  works  of  Isaac 
faculty  in  this  country  and  abroad  judging  included  in  the  Routledge  seven-volume 
by  the  13  entries  in  the  British  Museum  edition  of  1858,  with  the  exception  of  the 
Catalogue.  Parliament,  we  are  told  by  j  '  Curiosities  of  Literature  '  and  the  '  Com- 
herself,  paid  her  £5,000  to  make  the  receipt  j  mentaries?  on  the  Reign  of  Charles  I.,'  the 
public  for  the  use  and  benefit  of  mankind,  j  first  publication  dates  of  which  were  1849 
Her  medicines  were  a  powder,  a  decoction  j  and  1851  respectively?  M.  T.  H. '  S. 


and  pills,  the  powder  consisting  of  egg-shells 
and  snails  both  calcined  :  while  the  deqoction 


SUNT   OCULOS   CLARI   QUI   CERNIS   SIDERA 


was  made  by  boiling  some  herbs  (together !  TANQUAM." — In    The   Linguist;     or    Weekly 
with  a  ball  which  consisted  of  soap,  swine's  j  Instructions  in  the  French  and  German  Lan- 
guages, of  April  9,  1825,  p.  33,  the  author 


crosses  burnt  to  a  blackness,  and  honey)  in 
water.  The  ingredients  of  the  pills  were  also 
snails  calcined,  with  wild-carrot  seeds, 
burdock  seeds,  ashen  keys,  hips  and  haws, 
all  burnt  to  blackness,  soap  and  honey.  The 
preparation  of  all  three  nostrums  is  described 
in  detail,  and  minute  directions  are  given 
as  to  how  to  administer  them  to  the  patient. 
The  receipt  was  published  on  two  leaves 
which  the  binder  was  directed  to  place  after 
the  Tables  of  Contents  at  the  beginning  of  a 
12mo  book,  the  title  page  of  which  is  missing 
in  both^  copies  I  have  seen.  The  title  page 


writes  : — 

The  ablest  Latin  scholar  on  seeing  for  the  first 
time  the  well-known  puzzling  line,  "  Sunt  oculos 
clari  qui  cernis  sidera  tanquam,"  is  obliged  to  give 
it  a  moment's  consideration  to  arrange  the  words 
in  their  logical  order,  and  this  operation,  which  is 
rapidly  performed  whenever  the  grammatical 
rules  and  inflexions  of  a  language  are  known, 
would  be  rather  impeded  than  assisted  by  the 
English,  "are  eyes  bright  which  thou  seest  stars 
as,"  underneath  the  line. 

Who  wrote  this  "  well-known  puzzling 
line  "  1  The  Linguist,  in  two  volumes, 


in  the  British  Museum  copy  is  given  in  MS.  began  March  26,  1825,  and  ended  March  18, 
as  follows  :  '  The  Complete  Family  Piece  I  1826-  The  compiler  or  author  was,  accord  - 
and  Country  Gentleman's  and  Farmer's  |  *ng  to  a  former  owner  of  my  copy,  and  certain 
Guide,'  which  repeats  the  sub-titles  of  the  |  internal  evidence,  Daniel  Boileau,  author  of 
three  parts  or  divisions  of  the  little  book,  [ '  French  Homonymes,^&c.  ^ 
which  was  printed  in  London  and  sold  by 
T.  Longman  at  the  Ship  in  Pater-noster 
Row,  1736  (according  to  the  MS.  title,  but 


ROBERT  PIERPOINT. 
VANGOYEN,     A     DUTCH     PAINTER. — Can 


three  years  before  the  date  of  the  lady's  !  any°ne  kindly  tell  me  when  this  painter 
signature  at  the  end  of  the  receipt).  At  the  !  "  flourished,"  and  anything  about  him? 
end  of  my  copy  there  is  a  long  list  of  books  I  M^  family  have  a  painting  on  wood  done  by 


sold  by  J.  Clark,  the  first  and  last  pages  of 


It   is   obviously  old,   and  is   entitled 


b.   21). 


L.  L.  K. 


correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries 
in  order  that  answers  may  be  sent  to  them  direct. 


which  are    also    missing  (press  mark,   1147!  '  View  in  Holland  with  Boats  and  Figures' 

— such,  at  least,  is  the  inscription  printed 
on  a  piece  of  paper  affixed  to  the  back  of  the 
picture. 

We  have  another  painting  on  wood,  ap- 
i  parently  by  a  Dutchman,  of  about  the  period 
|  1640-1690.     It  depicts  a  number  of  figures 
of  men  and  women  grouped  in  various  atti- 
tudes around  a  dog  and  a  well-dressed  dwarf. 
It  is  said  by  family  tradition  to  represent  the 
meeting  of  some  secret  or  masonic  society. 
But  there  is  nothing  about  the  picture  by 
which  to  identify  either  author  or  subject. 

H.    WlLBERFORCE-BELL. 
21,  Park  Crescent,  Oxford. 

PSALM  LXXXIII.—  Has  the  extraordinary 
mistake  regarding  the  heading  of  this  psalm 
in  the  Common  Prayer  Book  been  remarked 


DISRAELI  QUERIES. — 1.  '  Ixion  in  Heaven  ' 
and  '  The  Infernal  Marriage.'  Were  these 
short  pieces  published  in  book  form  prior  to 
1853  ?  They  were  published  in  The  New 
Monthly  in  the  early  thirties,  and  in  Sep- 
tember, 1853,  a  letter  from  Disraeli  in 
Monypenny's  '  Life  '  shows  that  they  had 
recently  been  issued  as  a  book. 


12  S.  X.JAN.  7,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


9 


before  in  *  K.  &  Q.'  ?     The  Latin  heading 
of    all   the    other   psalms    is    a   translation,  i 
roughly,  of  the  opening  words.     But  in  the  j 
case  of  the  83rd  Psalm  the  heading,  Deus, 
quis  similis,  has    nothing   in  common  with  i 
the  opening  words,  "  Hold  not  thy  tongue." 
Verse    9   of    the    89th    Psalm   contains   the 
words,  "  Who  is  like  unto  thee  ?  " 

H.  WILBEBFOBCE-BELL. 

EBGHUM   OF   EBGHUM,  YOBKSHIBE. — Can 
any  reader   tell  me  where  I  can  find  any  [ 
account  of  this  family,  of  whom  Sir  William 
de  Erghum  of  Erghum  (buried  in  St.  Mary's,  j 
Bridlington,  in  1347)    left  by  his  wife  Sybil 
(d.  and  h.  of  Sir  Henry  FitzAucher)    three 
sons,  William,  Ralph  and  Aucher. 

Is  there  any  pedigree  or  other  account  of 
them  in  any  county  or  local  history  ?    Have 
they  been  long  extinct,  and,  if  so,  are  they 
represented   in   the   female   line  ?     Burke' s  j 
*  Armory  '  does  not  mention  the  name. 

C.  J.  BBUCE  ANGIEB. 

JOHN    WESLEY'S    FIBST     PUBLICATION — 
In    the    account    of    John    Wesley    in    the 
'D.N.B.'   it  is   stated   that   the  first   book  j 
he    published    was    a    translation  of  '  The  j 
Imitation   of   Christ,'  but  no  bibliographical 
details  are  given.     In  the  writer's  possession  i 
is  a  leather-bound  volume  (4f  by  2£),  with  I 
the  following  title  page  : — 

The  |  Christian's  |  Pattern  :  |  or,  a  |  Treatise  |    j 
of  the.  |  Imitation  of  Christ  |  Translated  from  the  \ 
Latin    of  \  Thomas    a    Kempis.  |  Compared  with 
the    Original,    and  |  corrected    throughout    by  j 
John  Wesley,  M.A.,  Fellow  of  Line.  Coll.  Oxon.  \    \ 
London  :  |  Printed    for    C.    Rivington,  |  at    the  \ 
Bible  and   Crown  in  St.  Paul's    Church-  |  Yard. 

MDCCXXXV. 

A  plate  faces  the  title  page  with  a  steel 
engraving  of  Our  Lord  on  the  Cross,  and 
underneath  in  italics  : — • 

Christ  also  suffered,  leaving  us  '  an  Example 
yt  we  should  follow  his  steps.  1st  St.  Pet.  2.,  c.  2  I. 

It  would  be  interesting  to  know  if  there 
was  any  earlier  edition  of  this  work. 

WILLIAM  BBOWN. 

INDEX  ECCLESIASTICUS. — In  1890  there 
was  published  by  Joseph  Foster  a  volume  of 
'  List  of  Clergy  and  their  Benefices,'  embracing 
the  years  1800  to  1840  (Oxford,  Parker  ; 
Cambridge,  Macmillan  and  Bowes).  From 
pp.  vii.  and  viii.  of  the  Preface  to  that 
work,  it  is  evident  that  the  MS.  for  the 
preceding  years,  1540  to  1800,  was  ready,  i 
but  I  suppose  was  never  printed. 

Wanted  to  know,  the  whereabouts  of  that 
MS.  now  and  the  terms  on  which  it  may  be 
consulted.  G.  W. 


THE  HOTEL  VOUILLEMONT. — Can  any 
reader  give  me  the  approximate  date  on 
which  the  Hotel  Vouillemont  (now  in  the 
Rue  Boissv  cl'Anglas)  was  opened  in  Paris  ? 

G.  F. 

Pio  NONO. — Will  some  reader  kindly  let 
me  have  the  date  of  the  election  of  Pope 
Pius  IX.  and  the  date  of  his  death  ?  G.  F. 

[Pius  IX.  (Giovanni  Maria  Mastai-Ferretti) 
was  elected  June  16,  1846,  and  crowned  June  21. 
He  died  Feb.  7,  1878.] 

THIBLWALL  AND  BTJNSEN. — I  am  interested 
in  the  relations  of  Christian  Bunsen,  Prus- 
sian Ambassador  to  England  1840-54,  to 
various  English  scholars.  I  would  like^to 
know  whether  the  correspondence  of  Connop 
Thirlwall  is  accessible,  also  that  of  Christian 
Bunsen. 

J.  J.  Perowne,  in  his  Preface  to  his  edition 
of  '  Letters  of  Bishop  Thirlwall,'  says :  "I 
have  selected  and  arranged  those  I  thought 
most  likely  to  be  of  general  interest."  I 
am  wondering  whether  he  did  not  omit 
letters  exchanged  between  Thirlwall  and 
Bunsen.  R.  D.  OWEN. 

BlOGBAPHICAL        DETAILS        OF        ABTISTS 

SOUGHT. — Information  is  sought  as  to  bio- 
graphical details  of  the  following  water- 
colour  artists,  samples  of  whose  work  occur 
in  my  collection  : — 

1.  Bernard  Evans  (landscape). 

2.  Ernest  Griset  (caricature). 

3.  J.  D.  Harding  (landscape). 

4.  H.  A.  Harper  (landscape). 

5.  G.  J.  Knox  (shipping). 

6.  R.  T.  Landells  (sea  subjects). 

7.  Paul  Marny  (street  architecture). 

8.  R.  H.  Nibbs  (boats). 

9.  C.  Pearson  (landscape). 

10.  E.  Pugh  (architecture). 

11.  N.  Pocock  (sea  subjects). 

12.  T.  S.  Robbins  (landscape). 

13.  H.  R.  Rose  (figure  subjects). 

14.  F.  P.  Searle  (landscape). 

15.  Marianne  Smallpiece  (landscape). 

16.  J.  T.  Serres  (ships). 

17.  E.  Tucker  (landscape). 

18.  B.  B.  Wadham  (landscape). 

T.  CANN  HUGHES,  F.S.A. 

Lancaster. 

THE  ';  ABYSSINIAN  "  CBOSS. — Can  any- 
one tell  me  the  history  of  the  "  Abyssinian  " 
cross  that  was  carried  in  procession  at 
Westminster  Abbey  on  Armistice  Day  ? 

M.  A.  P. 


10 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[12S.  X.JAN.  7,  1922. 


NATHANIEL  EATON,  President  designate 
of  Harvard  College,  was  the  sixth  son  of 
the  Rev.  Richard  Eaton,  vicar  of  Budworth, 
Cheshire.  What  was  his  mother's  maiden 
name  ?  He  is  said  to  have  been  twice 
married,  one  of  his  wives  being  a  daughter 
of  Thomas  Graves  of  Virginia.  I  should 
be  glad  to  obtain  the  dates  and  further 
particulars  of  these  two  marriages.  The 
'  D.N.B.,'  xvi.  337,  does  not  throw  any 
light  on  these  points.  G.  F.  R.  B. 

WILLIAM  GEORGE  EVELEIGH,  the  third 
son  of  the  Rev.  William  Eveleigh,  vicar  of 
Aylesford,  Kent,  graduated  B.A.  at  Oxford 
University  from  Brasenose  in  1832.  The 
date  and  place  of  his  death  are  required. 

G.  F.  R.  B. 

'  NOT  So  BAD  As  WE  SEEM  '  :    CHARLES 
KNIGHT.  —  Who    was    the    Charles    Knight  j 
mentioned  as  one  of  the  performers  in  1851  ! 
Was   he   by   any    chance    Charles    Parsons  | 
Knight,  the  landscape  painter,  son  of  Canon 
William  Knight  of  Bristol  ? 

W.  HAYTHORNE. 


:  AN  ANAGRAM.  —  Has  the 
word  "  Moliere  "  ever  been  explained  as  an 
anagram  similar  to  "  Voltaire  "  ? 

A.  SCOTT. 

AUTHORS  WANTED.  —  1.  Will  anyone  kindly  en- 
lighten me  as  to  the  authorship  of  the  following  : 
"  He  crossed  the  flood  at  such  a  narrow  point  as 
scarcely  to  feel  the  chill,"  obviously  referring  to  a 
last  passage  ?  Is  the  quotation  verbally  correct  ? 

JOHN  FORBES. 

2.  Can  any  of  your  readers  kindly  oblige  with  the 
author  of  the  following  lines  :  — 

"  A  heart  at  leisure  from  itself 
To  soothe  and  sympathise." 

C.  L.  H. 

[From  a  poem  by  Anna  Laetitia  Waring, 
beginning 

"  Father,  I  know  that  all  my  life 

Is  portioned  out  for  me," 

which  may  be  found  in  several    collections  —  e.g., 
*  Poems  of  the  Inner  Life  "  (Sampson  Low).] 

3.  Some  years  ago,  when  in  the  British  Museum, 
in  perusing  a  volume  of  poems  there  was  one  that 
Appealed    to    me.     The    theme    was    faithfulness 
After  loss  of  the  loved  one,  and  each  stanza  ended 
with  the  word  "  Instead,"  in  the  sense  that  none 
•other  would  do  instead.     I  think  the  writer  was 
•of  the  Victorian  period,  but  as  I  mislaid  my  note 
about  the  poem  and  am  without  the  name  or  the 
first  line,  I  am  unable  to  find  it  by  knowledge  of 
the  last  word  in  a  sense  contrary  to  the  literal 
meaning. 

If  any  of  your  readers  can  guide  me  to  this 
poem  by  furnishing  name  and  author  I  will  be 
very  much  obliged.  FITZ-MINSTRELLE. 


fctplie*. 

MARY  WOLLSTONECRAFT : 
LADY   MARY   KING. 

(12  S.  ix.  490.) 

THE  lady  referred  to  in  The  European  Maga- 
zine was  Lady  Mary  Elizabeth  King,  third 
daughter  of  the  second  Earl  of  Kingston. 
Two  accounts  of  the  tragedy  referred  to  are 
known  to  me,  one  in  the  '  Memoirs  of  the 
Comtesse  de  Boigne '  (vol.  i.,  p.  119), 
the  other  in  a  modern  compilation,  *  Love 
Romances  of  the  Aristocracy,'  by  Thornton 
Hall,  barrister -at -law.  It  is  also  cautiously 
referred  to  by  Sir  Jonah  Barrington  in  his 
'  Personal  Sketches  '  (vol.  i.,  p.  196).  The 
Comtesse's  account  is  that  of  a  contempo- 
rary and  she  was  a  personal  friend  and 
claims  deep  affection  for  Lady  Mary  King. 
At  the  same  time  her  recollections  were 
written  down  without  notes  and  there  are 
obvious  omissions  in  her  account  of  the 
tragedy.  Briefly,  she  tells  us  that  Lady 
Mary  at  the  age  of  about  18  eloped  with 
Colonel  Fitzgerald,  who  was  the  natural 
son  of  her  mother's  brother  and  therefore 
her  cousin  in  blood.  Fitzgerald  was  a 
colonel  in  the  Guards,  tall,  handsome,  and 
popular.  He  was  about  30,  was  married, 
and  had  been  Mary's  playfellow  since  she 
was  a  child.  This  fatal  infatuation  seized 
these  two  otherwise  excellent  persons  and 
they  were  found  at  a  house  in  Kennington, 
where  Mary,  dressed  in  boy's  clothes,  was 
waiting  to  embark  for  America  with  her 
lover.  There  was  an  inconclusive  duel 
in  Hyde  Park  between  Colonel  Fitzgerald 
and  Colonel  King,  Mary's  brother.  She 
was  enceinte,  and  her  family  hurried  her  off 
to  a  lonely  house  belonging  to  her  father, 
on  the  shores  of  the  Atlantic  in  the  west  of 
Ireland.  According  to  the  Comtesse,  Mary 
feared  for  the  life  of  the  child  she  was  about 
to  bring  into  the  world,  and  she  induced 
the  woman  who  was  in  charge  of  her  to  agree 
to  send  a  letter  to  Colonel  Fitzgerald  begging 
him  to  send  a  reliable  agent  to  the  nearest 
village  to  take  away  the  child.  The  woman 
gave  up  the  letter  to  her  father,  then  Vis- 
count Kingsborough,  and  he  used  it  as  a 
means  to  entrap  Fitzgerald.  The  letter  was 
allowed  to  go  to  him,  for  the  father  suspected 
that  Fitzgerald  would  come  for  the  child  him- 
self. He  did,  alone,  and  disguised.  He 
was  murdered  by  Mary's  father  and 
brothers,  and  the  letter  and  Mary's  minia- 
ture found  on  him  were  brought  to  her 


12S.  X.JAN.  7,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


11 


' 


covered  with  his  blood.  She  was  delivered 
of  a  stillborn  child  and  went  raving  mad, 
so  that  it  was  necessary  to  place  her  under 
forcible  restraint. 

Mr.  Thornton  Hall's  version  is  more 
favourable  to  the  unhappy  girl's  family. 
According  to  him  Co'onel  Fitzgerald  followed 
her  to  Mitchelstown  Castle,  the  family  seat 
in  County  Cork,  not  to  receive  the  child,  but 
to  car  y  out  a  second  elopement.  Lord 
Kingsborough  and  his  son  heard  of  his  pre- 
sence in  disguise,  went  to  his  hotel  and  burst 
in  the  door  of  his  room,  on  which  a  desperate 
struggle  took  place.  Fitzgerald  had  pointed 
•a  pistol  at  Colonel  King's  head  and  was  about 
to  fire  when  Lord  Kingsborough  shot  him 
dead.  Lady  Mary  was  not  insane,  but  was  j 
sent  to  the  family  of  a  Welsh  clergyman, 
where  she  lived  under  an  assumed  name. 
.She  recovered  her  old  health  and  gaiety 
and  married  the  clergyman,  who  was  a 
widower. 

Colonel  Fitzgerald's  wife  demanded  ven- 
geance for  his  death,  but  the  family  were 
too  strong  for  vengeance  to  reach  them. 
Colonel  King  was  tried  at  Cork  Assizes  in 
April,  1798,  but  acquitted,  as  no  one  came 
forward  to  prosecute.  A  month  later  his 
father,  who  had  in  the  interval  succeeded 
to  the  Earldom  of  Kingston,  was  brought 
to  trial  by  his  peers,  but  found  "  Not 
guilty,"  as  no  one  appeared  to  prosecute. 
Mr.  Thornton  Hall  describes  this  trial  as 
taking  place  at  Westminster,  but  it  is  clear 
from  Sir  Jonah  Barrington's  narrative  that  it 
took  place  in  the  chamber  of  the  Irish  House 
of  Commons  on  College  Green.  The  Com- 
tesse  de  Boigne  declares  that  the  Earl  and 
his  son  aroused  "  great  indignation  "  and 
"  general  opprobrium  "  by  their  action.  Sir 
Jonah  Barrington  says  that  he  had  a  "  high 
regard "  for  the  Earl,  and  Mr.  Thornton 
Hall  says  that  he  was  welcomed  by  con- 
gratulating friends. 

As  to  Lady  Mary  King's  fate,  it  is  clear 
that  the  Comtesse's  story  is  inaccurate,  and 
that  Mr.  Hall's  is  nearer  the  truth  if  not 
exactly  correct.  Burke  records  that  Lady 
Mary  Elizabeth  King  married,  in  April,  1805 
(about  eight  years  after  the  death  of  Fitz- 
gerald), George  G.  Meares,  Esq.  (whose  ad- 
dress is  given  in  Debrett  as  Richmond 
Place,  Clifton,  Co.  Gloucester).  She  died  in 
1819,  leaving  three  sons  and  three  daughters. 
Apparently  the  Gloucestershire  layman  has 
been  metamorphosed  into  the  Welsh  clergy - 
man-  R.  S.  PENGELLY. 

12,  Poynders  Road,  Clapham  Park. 


*  ANYTHING  FOB  A  QUIET  LIFE  '  (12  S.  ix. 
181,  202,  225).— It  may  interest  MB.  DUG- 
DALE  SYKES  and  perhaps  others  if  I  quote 
from  an  entry  made  in  one  of  my  note- 
books on  Elizabethan  dramatic  subjects, 
the  entry  having  been  made  not  later  than 
1918,  probably  in  1917  :— 

Anything  for  a  Quiet  Life — Middleton  and 
Webster.  Middleton— II.,  III.,  IV.  2,  3,  V.  la  (to 
George's  entry),  3;  Webster— I.,  IV.  1,  V.  lb,  2. 
The  Webster  in  I.  from.  Knavesby's  entrance  and 
in  V.  2,  and  IV.  1,  is  very  characteristic.  I  have 
much  more  doubt  in  considering  the  other  author 
Middleton.  The  work  does  not  bear  many  of 
his  marks  ;  but  I  think  it  is  his  nevertheless. 

It  will  be  seen  that  I  divided  the  final 
act  into  three  scenes,  whereas  Mr.  Sykes, 
doubtless  following  Dyce,  divides  it  into 
two  only.  As  I  have  not  the  play  by  me, 
I  cannot  say  to  what  extent  I  differ  from 
him  in  regard  to  that  Act.  As  for  the 
rest  of  the  play,  he  gives  no  reason  for  his 
belief  that  the  earlier  part  of  IV.  ii.  is 
Webster's ;  but  I  am  very  ready  to  admit 
that  he  has  made  out  a  good  case  for  adding 
II.  i.  amd  III.  i.,  or  at  least  a  share  in  them, 
to  the  scenes  which  so  long  ago  I  credited 
to  Webster. 

In  reference  to  Mr.  Sykes' s  remark  regard- 
ing *  Appius  and  Virginia,'  another  memo 
in  my  notebook,  dating  probably  about 
1914,  sets  down  my  idea  of  the  authorship 
as  "  Webster  and  (?)  Heywood."  This 
was  before  I  had  seen  any  attribution  of  the 
play  to  Heywood.  Another  entry  which  I 
find  in  my  notebook,  attributing  '  The 
Bloody  Banquet'  to  Middleton  and  (?) 
Dekker,  indue 3S  me  to  suggest  that  Mr. 
Sykes  should  turn  his  undoubted  enthusiasm 
and  energy  to  that  play.  I  pointed  out 
years  ago  in  an  article  in  Modern  Philology 
(Jan.,  1911)  that  external  evidence  favoured 
Dekker' s  authorship,  and  the  discovery  of 
Anthony  a  Wood's  play-list  (Mod.  Lang. 
Rev.,  Oct.,  1918)  has  confirmed  that  view. 
One  scene  is  really  like  him  ;  but  so  much 
of  the  rest  of  the  play  as  is  not  Middleton's 
is  not  very  characteristic.  I  am  not  aware 
that,  except  for  any  unpublished  effort, 
any  attempt  has  been  made  to  solve  the 
authorship  of  this  play. 

E.  H.  C.  OLIPHANT. 

THE  FIFTH  PETITION  IN  THE  LOBD'S 
PBAYEB  (12  S.  ix.  508 ).— -" Debt"  is  defined 
in  the  '  N.E.D.'  as  "  That  which  is  owed 
or  due";  "Obligation  to  do  something, 
duty."  "  Trespass  "  is  the  same  as  trans- 
gression, a  going  beyond  the  limits  of  duty 
to  God  or  man,  hence  its  use  as  denoting 


12 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[12  S.  X.  JAX.  7,  1922. 


violation  of  duty.  The  word  in  the  Prayer 
Book  has  been  adopted  from  the  primers  that 
were  familiar  to  all  in  the  sixteenth  century, 
primers  into  which  it  was  doubtless  taken 
from  the  older  English  versions  of  St. 
Matthew  vi.  64,  e.g.,  Wyclif,  1382;  Tyndale, 
1526. 

There  are  seven  old  English  versions  of  I 
the   Lord's   Prayer   in   Blunt's    '  Annotated 
Prayer   Book'  (1866),  vol.    i.,    pp.  30,    31. 
The  first  in  which   "  trespasses  "   occurs  is 
taken  from  the  primer  of  1538.     A  French  j 
Bible  (S.P.C.K.,  1906)  has  "  nos  offenses." 

J.  T.  F. 

Winterton,  Lines. 

In  the  first  edition  of  the  English  Prayer  ! 
Book,    that    of    1549,    the    Lord's    Prayer  | 
corresponds  exactly  with  the  version  in  our 
present  Liturgy,  except  that  there    is    no 
doxology.       The    names    of    the    compilers, 
headed    by    that    of    Archbishop    Cranmer,  i 
may  be  seen  at  the  beginning  of  Jeremy ! 
Taylor's  '  Apology  for  Authorized  and  Set  | 
Forms  of  Liturgy.'     Mullinger,  in  his  '  His- 1 
tory    of    the     University     of     Cambridge,' 
ii.    102,    says  that  of  the  thirteen  (Taylor! 
names    twelve)  all  but  one  had  been  edu- 
cated at  Cambridge. 

But  the  "  trespass "  form  of  the  fifth 
petition  occurs  already  in  Tyndale's  '  Newe 
Testamente,'  1526,  where,  in  St.  Matthew 
vi.,  we  have  "  And  forgeve  vs  oure  treas- 
pases,  even  as  we  forgeve  them  which 
treaspas  vs." 

The  revisers  of  the  New  Testament  were 
justified  in  their  rendering  "as  we  also 
have  ^forgiven,"  since  they  were  translating 
not  aJHtftev  but  d<f>r)Kafj,€v.  See  the  text .  of 
St.  Matthew  vi.  12,  in  Tischendorf  or 
Westcott  and  Hort.  EDWARD  BENSLY. 

The  English  version  of  the  'Paternoster, 
which  appeared  in  '  A  Necessary  Doctrine 
and  Erudition  for  any  Christian  Man,' 
commonly  called  '  The  King's  Book,'  in 
1543,  and  in  the  editions  of  '  The  Book  of 
Common  Prayer  '  of  1549  and  1552,  seems 
to  have  been  based  on  Tyndale's  translation 
of  the  New  Testament,  which  was  published 
in  1525.  This  English  version  is  still  used 
by  English-speaking  Roman  Catholics,  with 
two  slight  modifications,  viz.,  "  which  ari>" 
has  been  modernized  into  "  who  art  "  and 
"in  earth"  into  "on  earth"  (the  fifth 
petition  remaining  unchanged).  It  owed  its 
general  acceptance  by  the  nation,  as  Fr. 
Tburston  has  pointed  out  in  the  '  Catholic 


Encyclopedia,'  to  an  ordinance  of  1541, 
according  to  which 

his  Grace  perceiving  now  the  great  diversity  of 
the  translations  [of  the  Pater  noster,  etc.]  hath 
willed  them  all  to  be  taken  up,  and  instead  of 
them  hath  caused  an  uniform  translation  of  the 
said  Pater  noster,  Are,  Creed,  etc.,  to  be  set 
forth,  willing  all  his  loving  subjects  to  learn  and 
use  the  same  and  straitly  commanding  all  parsons, 
vicars  and  curates  to  read  and  teach  the  same 
to  their  parishioners. 

From  this  it  appears  that  no  change,  so- 
far  as  the  fifth  petition  is  concerned,  has 
ever  been  made  "  in  the  Liturgy  of  the 
Church  of  England."  In  its  present  form 
it  has  been  in  the  Prayer  Book  from  the 
start.  JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

"  SAPIENS  DOMINABITUR  ASTRIS  "  (12  S.  ix. 
509).  —  This  highly  popular  quotation  is  to- 
be  seen  in  a  book  published  in  the 
year  before  the  first  issue  of  John  Owen's 
'  Epigrammata,'  namely,  in  Bacon's  '  Ad- 
vancement of  Learning  '  (1605),  Book  II. 
xxiii.  12.  But  it  can  be  traced  back  to  a 
much  earlier  date.  It  is  clearly  referred 
to  in  Cornelius  Agrippa's  '  De  Vanitate 
Scientiarum,'  cap.  xxxi.,  '  De  Astro  logia 
judiciaria  '  :  — 

Mendacium  mendacio  tegunt,  inquientes  :  Sapi- 
entem  dominari  astris,  cum  reyera  nee  astra 
sapient  i,  nee  sapiens  astris,  sed  utrisque  dominetur 
Deus. 

The  words  an  found  a  few  years  earlier  in 
Giovanni  Nevizzano's  '  Sylva  Nuptialis,' 
Lib.  ii.,  sect.  97  :  — 

Dicit  tamen  Bal.  in  c.  j.  ut  lite  pend.  quod 
sapiens  dominabitur  astris. 

I  have  not  Baldus's  commentaries  by  me, 
but  if  the  phrase  is  quoted  by  him  this  takes 
us  back  to  the  fourteenth  century.  The 
Latin  saying,  however,  has  a  Greek  original. 
Aldis  Wright's  note  on  the  passage  referred 
to  .above  in  the  '  Advancement  of  Learning  ' 
(ed.  1873)  is  :— 

Mr.  Ellis  [  =  B.  L.  Ellis,  co-editor  of  Bacon's 
Works]  says,  "  This  sentence  is  ascribed  to  Ptolemy 
by  Cognatus."  Compare  '  Albumazar,'  i.  7. 

There  is  no  need  to  rummage  in  Ptolemy. 
Jeremy  Taylor  gives  the  words  we  want  in. 
the  margin  of  his  '  Life  of  Jesus  Christ,' 
Part  III.,  sect.  xiii.  24  :— 

Avvarai  6  eVio-nfyzo);/  TroAXd?  dwoa-Tpe^at 
fvepyeias  TU>V  dcrrepwv.  —  Ptolem. 

Taylor's  annotator,  C.  P.  Eden,  vol.  ii., 
p.  588,  adds  the  reference,  Carp.  5,  p.  55. 
The  edition  which  Eden  used  was  the 
Niirnberg  one,  1535,  of  Te7-pa£i/3Aoy  and 


With  respect  to  the  metrical  nature  of  the 


12  S.  X.  JAX.  7.  1922.1 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


Latin  version,  is  it  certain  that  it  is  taken  j 
from  a  Latin  poem  ?     Even  if  occurring  in  I 
such,  may  not  the  proverbial  phrase    have 
been  independently  couched  in  a  metrical 
form  ?     One  finds  so  many  Latin  mottoes, 
which     are     presumably     not     quotations, 
shaped     like     parts     of     hexameters.     The 
future   tense   domindbitur,    apart    from    its 
metrical    convenience,    could    be    explained 
as  an  example  of  the  same  tendency  which  \ 
we  get  in  "  Love  will  find  out  a  way,"  and 
which  has   perhaps   been   at   work  in-  pro-  j 
ducing  the  misquotation  "  Magna  est  veri-  j 
tas    et    praevalebit,"     though    some    other  j 
possible     reasons     for     this     change     were  j 
suggested  at  11.  S.  x.  494. 

Much  Hadham,  Herts.      EDWARD  BENSLY. 

GEORGE     TRAPPE     (12     S.     ix.     354). — 
C.A.F.H.A.R.I.N.  should  be  CATHARIN,  as  j 
the  "  Kayserinn  "  is  Catharine  II.  of  Russia,  j 
Shortly    after    the    incorporation    in    the  j 
Russian    Empire    of    the    Government    of ; 
Taurida,  which  includes  the  Crimean  penin- 
sula, a  number  of  Mennonites  from  Priissia 
were  settled  in  the  new  territory.    The  sect : 
of  Mennonites  was  derived  from  the  Ana- 
baptists under  the  influence  of  the  Frisian 
reformer  Menno   Simonis   (Menno,   Simon's 
son),  who  was  born  in  1496. 

EDWARD  BENSLY. 

THE  GENDER  OF  "  SHIP  "  (12  S.  ix.  511).— 
In  the  same  way  many  other  things  without 
life  are  regarded  as  feminine.     Ringers  call  : 
a   church  bell    "  she  "   and   "  her."      Cooks  I 
an  oven,  as  in  the  riddle,  "  When  is  an  oven 
not  an  oven  ?    When  she's  agate  "  (a-going,  '•• 
baking).       A   football    ("chuck   her   up  "),  j 
a  ladder,   a  pianoforte,  anything  that  one  ! 
makes  use  of  and  regards  with  affection. 

It  is  the  same  in  Hebrew,  in  which  many 
things  used  by  men  are  denoted  by  nouns 
feminine.      It  was  suggested  in  the  earlier  ; 
editions  of  *  Davidson's  Grammar '  that  this  i 
might  be  "  with  reference  to  woman  as  the 
serviceable  inferior  sex."     This  explanation 
does  not  appear  in  the  later  editions,  but  j 
while  it  stood,  one  of  my  pupils  gallantly 
asked    me    whether    the    feminine    gender  j 
might     not     rather     denote     "  affectionate 
intimacy." 

Cities,  countries,  &c.,  are  often  feminine, 
and  may  be  regarded  as  mothers  of  their 
inhabitants. 

Names  of  things  productive,  unseen  ' 
essences,  &c.,  are  feminine  in  Hebrew,  as  I 
sun,  earth,  fire,  soul.  J.  T.  F. 

WinUTttm.    Lines. 


PRINCIPAL  LONDON  COFFEE-HOUSES  AND 
TAVERNS  IN  THE  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY. — 
1.  Fountain  (12  S.  vi.  61  ;  vii.  465  ;  ix.  474).— 
I  beg  to  thank  MR.  McMuRRAY  for  his  cor- 
rections, which  are  noted.  On  turning  to 
the  revised  MS.  lists  I  find  no  entry  such 
as  appeared  at  the  second  reference,  having 
reason  apparently  to  doubt  its  accuracy. 

2.  Mourning  Bush  (12  S.  vi.  61  ;  ix.  474).— 
I  am  likewise  obliged  to  MR.  McMuRRAY  for 
pointing  out  that  this  house  stood  in  Alders  - 
gate  ;  I  discovered  the  mistake  shortly  after 
passing  the  proof. 

3.  Pie  Tavern  (12  S.  ix.  386,  499).— The 
authority  for  this  entry  is  an  item  in  a  book- 
seller's catalogue  offering  a  "  unique  collec- 
tion of  10  old  Water-colour  Drawings  of  Old 
Inns  and  Taverns  in  the  North  of  London." 
The  detailed  list  ends  with  the  note,   "  At 
the  back  of  the  drawing  of    The  Cock  is  a 
letter,  addressed  to  the  gentleman  for  whom 
the     drawings     were     made,     dated     from 
'Hackney,  26th  day  of  August,  1762,'  and 
signed   H.    R."     I   delayed   answering   MR. 
POWER  in  the  hope  of  being  able  to  make  an 
inquiry  respecting  the  possible  whereabouts 
of  this  collection,  but  it  has  been  impracti- 
cable to  give  the  necessary  time.     If  Mr. 
Power  cares  to  send  me  his  address  I  should 
be  pleased  to  let  him  have  the  excerpt  from 
the    catalogue     to     institute    his    own    in- 
quiries. 

4.  Cannon  Coffee-house  (12  S.  ix.  517). — 
I  thank  MR.  BLEACKLEY  for  his  information  ; 
this  house  was  "  listed  "  at  12  S.  vi.  59. 

5.  Philazers'  Coffee-house  (12  S.  vi.  126).— 
The  sole  authority  I  can  find  for  this  house  is 
G.  A.  Sala's  '  WTilliam  Hogarth    ?  (1866,  at 
p.  128),  where  says  the  author  : — 

I  delight  to  fancy  that  the  successful  party 
[in  the  litigation]  straightway  adjourned  to  the 
Philazers'  Coffee-house,  in  Old  Palace  Yard,  and 
there,  after  a  slight  refection  of  hung  beef  and 
Burton  ale,  betook  themselves  to  steady  potations 
of  Lisbon  wine  in  magnums. 
What  further  authority  is  there  for  the 
existence  of  this  house  ?  I  should  be  obliged 
for  any  assistance  ;  having  never  met  with  it 
in  any  "  coffee-house  literature,"  I  am 
wondering  whether  I  have  been  the  dupe  of 
a  gifted  writer  who  possessed  a  remakably 
fertile  imagination. 

J.  PAUL  DE  CASTRO. 

VICE-ADMIRAL  SIR  CHRISTOPHER  MINGS 
(12  S.  ix.  461,  513).— The  funeral  of  Sir 
Christopher  Mings  forms  the  subject  of  a 
brilliant  little  sketch  by  Colonel  Drury, 
'  A  Deputation  from  the  Lower  Deck,' 


14 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[12S.  X.JAN.  7,  1922. 


published  in  his  '  Men-at-Arms  '  (Chapman 
a,na  Hall,  Ltd.,  1906).  Colonel  Drury 
writes  with  justifiable  warmth  : — 

Oliver  Cromwell  had  buried  Admiral  Blake  with 
splendour  in  Westminster  Abbey  :  Nelson,  in  a 
later  age,  was  accorded  a  national  funeral  in 
St.  Paul's.  Let  it  be  remembered  to  Charles  II. 's 
lasting  shame  that  he  permitted  the  gallant 
Myngs  to  be  borne  to  the  tomb  with  as  little 
•ceremony  as  an  obscure  pauper. 

Neglected  at  his  death,  the  gallant  sailor 
has  long  been  forgotten.  England  has 
produced  so  many  great  men  that  some  are 
forgotten  who  would  rank  amongst  the 
honoured  heroes  of  a  nation  not  blessed 
with  the  genius  of  the  Anglo-Saxon,  and 
one  is  tempted  to  wish  for  a  society  which 
would  devote  itself  to  rescuing  great  but 
forgotten  Englishmen  from  oblivion. 

G.  H.  WHITE. 
23,  Weighton  Road,  Anerley. 

4  THE  BEGGAR'S  OPERA  '  IN  DICKENS 
(12  S.  ix.  309). — I  cannot  altogether  agree 
with  C.  W  B.  that  literary  allusions  and 
quotations  are  not  numerous  in  the  Works 
of  Dickens.  It  seems  to  me  he  was  rather 
fond  of  a  certain  humorous  type  of  character 
who  is  continually  larding  his  speech  with 
fragmentary  quotations  from  songs,  plays 
and  other  light  literature.  This  type  is 
at  least  as  old  as  Beaumont  and  Fletcher's 
'  Knight  of  the  Burning  Pestle.'  Examples 
in  Dickens  are  Jingle  in  '  Pickwick '  ; 
Vincent  Crummies  in  '  Nicholas  Nickleby  '  ; 
Dick  Swiveller  in  '  The  Old  Curiosity  Shop,' 
and  Silas  Wegg  in  ;  Our  Mutual  Friend.' 
The  two  last  named  both  quote  trom  '  The 
Beggar's  Opera.'  In  'The  Old  Curiosity 
Shop,'  chap.  Ixv.,  Dick  Swiveller  exclaims  : — 

"  Speak,  sister,  speak,  pretty  Polly  say." 
and  in  the  following  chapter  : — 

"Since  laws  were  made  for  every  degree,  to 
curb  vice  in  others  as  well  as  in  me— and  so  forth, 
you  know — doesn't  it  strike  you  in  that  light  ?  " 

In  '  Our  Mutual  Friend,'  Book  III., 
chap,  xiv.,  Silas  Wegg  addresses  Mr.  Venus : — 

"  For,  as  the  song  says — subject  to  your  cor- 
rection, sir — 

When  'the  heart  of  a  man  is  depressed  with  cares, 
The  mist  is  dispelled  if  Venus  appears. 

Like  the  notes  of  a  fiddle  you  sweetly,  sir,  sweetly, 
.Raises  our  spirits  and  charms  our  ears." 

M.  H.  DODDS. 

^WILLIAM  SPRY  OP  EXETER  (12  S.  ix.  511). 
—Several  members  of  the  Harston  family 
had  Spry  as  a  Christian  name.  This  might 
-assist  C.  H.  S.  CECIL  CLARKE. 

Junior  Athenaeum  Club. 


VERLAINE  AT  STICKNEY  (12  S.  ix.  429, 
472,  518). — MR.  T.  PERCY  ARMSTRONG  says  : 
"  No  doubt  in  a  vagabond  life  like  Verlaine's 
there  is  an  opening  for  literary  discovery." 
It  may  be  news  to  many  readers  of  Ver- 
laine's works  that  the  author's,  so-called 
"  vagabond  life "  has  been  very  much 
exaggerated  by  all  his  biographers.  Verlaine 
was  a  good  actor  on  and  off  the  literary 
stage,  and,  as  Gustave  Vapereau  justly 
remarked,  his  great  ambition  was  to  be 
advertised  and  widely  known  as  a  nine- 
teenth-century Villon,  without  making  any 
allowances  for  the  distance  of  time.  In 
fact,  Verlaine  intended  at  one  time  to  write 
a  "biographical  study"  of  the  old  French 
"  vagabond  "  poet. 

Paul  Verlaine  in  reality  heartily  detested 
a  long  residence  in  a  country  district.  The 
fields  and  meadows  were  all  very  well  in 
the  summer,  he  said,  but  the  long  winter 
months  in  such  places  were  only  suitable 
for  natives  of  the  soil.  His  principal  object 
in  coming  -to  England  was  to  secure  a 
French  literature  lectureship  at  an  im- 
portant educational  institution  in  London. 
He  made  applications  for  positions  at  King's 
College,  University  College,  and  a  ladies' 
college  near  Cavendish  Square,  but  having 
no  influence  all  his  efforts  were  fruitless. 
He  even  afterwards  wrote  to  W.  E.  Glad- 
stone with  reference  to  a  position  in  the 
British  Museum  library,  and  to  Thomas 
Carlyle  about  the  London  Library,  but 
received  no  replies. 

Paul  Verlaine  is  sometimes  credited  with 
having  contributed  numerous  anti-English 
articles  to  Parisian  newspapers,  but  he  told 
my  uncle  and  brother  that  this  information 
was  without  foundation.  He  had  no  personal 
ill-feeling  against  the  English,  and  the 
few  essays  on  England  he  wrote  were 
published  with  his  own  name. 

ANDREW  DE  TERNANT. 

36,  Sornerleyton  Road,  Brixton,  S.W. 

HATCHMENTS  (12  S.  ix.  310,  337,  377,  397, 
433,  476,  497). — Sixty  years  since  there  were 
many  of  these  hanging  above  the  arches  in 
the  Galilee,  Durham.  I  have  a  photograph 
which  shows  them.  And  they  have  left 
their  marks  on  the  walls.  They  were  cer- 
tainly not  all  peers'  coats  of  arms. 

Some  years  ago  I  asked  the  sub-verger, 
Mr.  Thos.  Atkinson,  what  had  become  of 
the  hatchments.  He  said,  "  They  are  in  the 
triforium — like  a  vast  else." 

About  the  year  1857  I  remember  a  hatch- 
ment over  the  door  of  a  house  in  the  Bailey, 


12S.  X.  JAX.  7.  19-22.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


15 


Durham,  which  belonged  to  the  Shipperdson 
family   of   the   Hermitage,  near  Durham — 
a  county  family    but    not    a  peer's.     Also,  | 
I  think,  on  one  of  the  houses  in  the  College,  j 
Durham.  M.  E.  A.  P. 

Crieff. 

EGG    FOLK-LORE   :     GOOD    FRIDAY    AND! 
CHRISTMAS   (12   S.   ix.    489).— M.  Thiers,   in  | 
his     '  Traite     aes     Superstitions,1     i.      316,  j 
says  that  he   has   known  people  who  pre-  i 
serve  all  the  year  such  eggs  as  are  laid  on 
Good  Friday,  "which  they  think  are  good! 
to  extingiush  fires  in  which  they  may  be 
throwr." 

Brand,  in  'Popular  Artiquities  '  (1849), 
i.  174,  says,  "  Lebrun,  in  his  '  Superstitions 
arcienn.es  et  modern es,'  says  that  some 
people  keep  eggs  laid  on  Good  Friday  all 
the  year  round."  ROBERT  GOWER. 

"HOP-SCOTCH":  DERIVATION  OF  WORD 
(12  S.  ix.  470). — The  following  may  interest; 
MR.  MACDONALD.  In  '  Poor  Robin's  Alma- ! 
nack'  for  1677,  on  the  back  of  the  title  page ! 
the  Star-Gazer  professes  to  show  "  the  [ 
time  when  schoolboys  should  play  at  i 
Scotch-hoppers.'" 

The  following   also    appears   in   the   same  j 
publication  for  1707  :- — 

Lawyers  and  physitians  have  little  to  do  this 
month,  therefore  they  may  (if  they  will)  play  at  i 
Scotch-hoppers. 

Again  in  1740  : — 

The    fifth    house    tells    yo  ...  when    it    is    the 
most  convenient  time  for  an  old  man  to  play  at  i 
Scotch-hoppers  amongst  the  boys. 

ROBERT  GOWER. 

EARLY   STANDARDS   (12   S.   ix.    388). — In  I 
Ingledew's      '  History      of     Northallerton ' 
(1858),  facing  p.  12,  is  a  plate  with  figures 
of  the  standard  used  at  the  Battle  of  the , 
Standard  from  Aelred's   '  Historia  de  bello  i 
Standardi,'  taken  from  Twysden's   '  Decem ! 
Scriptores.'  WILLIAM  BROWN. 

TITLE   OF  ANNO    QUINTO   EDWARDI  III.  I 
(12  S.  ix.  353).— In  a  '  Collection  of  Sundry 
Statutes,  frequent  in  use,  edited  by  Francis  j 
Pulton     of     Lincolnes    Inne,    Esquire,    and 
printed     at     London    in     1636,'    cap.    x.   is 
headed  :     "  The     punishment     of     a    Juror 
that  is  ambidexter,  and  taketh  money." 
WILLIAM  BROWN. 

VERBALIZED  SURNAMES  (12  S.  ix.  370, 
432,  474). — Classical  scholars  can  doubtless 
give  instances  even  earlier  than  this  : — 

The   exaggerations  of  Antiphanes,  a  Thracian 


born  at  Berge  in  that  region,  were  so  notorious, 
and  the  fame  of  his  character  for  trumping  up 
fables  and  incredible  narratives  so  widespread, 
that  things  of  that  kind  came  to  be  spoken  of  as 
"  Bergean "  stories ;  and  the  word  Bergaizein 
was  coined  to  express  the  habit  of  "  drawing  the 
long  bow."  ('Some  Physiological  Phantasies  of 
Third  Century  Repute  '  (B.  G.  Corney),  Pro- 
ceedings of  the  Royal  Society  of  Medicine,  1913- 
1914,  vii.,  Section  of  the  History  of  Medicine,  at 
p.  226.) 

As  to  the  second  half  of  query  :  Eponyms 
form  a  rich  mine  into  which  a  series  of 
shafts  has  been  started  by  Sir  D'Arcy 
Power  in  The  British  Journal  of  Surgeryr 
1921,  ix.  ;  the  first  two  — (Colles)  July, 
pp.  4-6 ;  (Baker)  October,  pp.  200-203 — 
have  already  brought  much  original  ore 
to  the  siirface.  ROCKINGHAM.  ^ 

Boston,  Mass. 

PHARAOH  AS  SURNAME  (12  S.  ix.  407, 
454,  537). — Your  correspondent  of  the 
issue  of  Nov.  19  (p.  407)  who  refers  to 
"  Pharaoh  "  as  a  surname  reminds  me  that 
"  Ptolemy "  is  a  surname  familiar  to  the 
County  of  Grey,  Ontario,  Canada  ;  and  I 
remember,  also,  some  years  ago,  hearing  at 
an  assize  court  in  the  same  district  the  name 
of  "  Julius  Caesar "  called  out  as  a  juror, 
whereupon  an  amused  spectator  exclaimed 
audibly  (much  to  the  scandal  of  the  court),. 
"  Why,  I  thought  he  died  about  1,800  years 
ago  ! "  A.  T.  W, 

THE  HOUSE  OF  HARCOURT  (12  S.  ix.  409, 
453,  495,  514). — Your  correspondent  should 
consult  La  Roque's  'Histoire  de  la  Maison 
de  Harcourt.'  It  is  a  colossal  work  and  he 
will  find  it  in  the  British  Museum  Library. 
EDWARD  H.  DOBREE. 

Udney  Hall,   Teddington. 

In  the  '  Histoire  des  Expeditions  mari- 
times  des  Normands,'  by  Deeping,  "  ouvrage 
couionne  par  PAcademie,"  there  is  a  long 
detailed  account  of  the  adventurous  career 
of  Rollon  or  Hollo.  Deeping  says  that  there 
is  no  manner  of  doubt  that  he  was  a  Nor- 
wegian. His  father  was  Rognevald,  the 
Jarl  of  Mcere,  one  of  the  most  powerful  of 
the  Norwegian  nobles,  who  was  directly 
descended  through  his  grandmother  from 
the  oldest  kings  of  Norway.  His  pedigree 
is  given  in  *  Histoire  de  Norvege,'  by  Schcen- 
ing.  He  died  and  was  buried  at  Rouen  in 
931. 

Bouillet,  in  his  '  Dictionnaire  universelle,' 
states : — 

Harcourt,  maison  noble  de  France,  remonte  au 
neuvieme  siecle  et  reconnait  pour  fondateur 


16 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


|  }-2  S.  X.  .IAX.  7,  1922. 


Bernard  le  Danois  qui  etait  parent  du  chef 
Normand  Rollo,  et  qui  recut  de  lui  la  terre 
xl'Harcourt  en  recompense  des  services  qu'il  lui 
avait  rendus  dans  ses  guerres  centre  les  Anglais 
et  les  Neustriens  (876). 

Bernard  died  955.  He  married  Sprothe 
•or  Sprota,  a  daughter  of  Hubert,  Comte  de 
;Senlis  ;  and  William,  the  son  of  Rollo, 
married  another  daughter.  Rollo  is  the 
hero  in  Wace's  '  Roman,  de  Rou.' 

William  the  Conqueror  was  aware  of  the 
Norwegian  origin  of  his  family,  and  this  is 
^alluded  to  in  Houard's  '  Traite  sur  les 
Coutumes  anglo-normandes  '  (tome  L). 

CONSTANCE  RUSSELL. 

Swallowfield  Park,  Reading.' 

THOMAS  EDWARDS,  LL.D.  (12S.  ix.  511).— 
*  Croydon  in  the  Past,'  by  Jessie  W.  Ward 
(1883),  mentions  two  persons  of  this  name  to 
whom  memorials  are  erected  : — 

1.  Thomas  Edwards,  d.  May  4,  1824,  aged  32, 
and  two  children  ;    in  St.  John's  churchyard. 

2.  Thomas      Edwards,     late     of      Llanfyllion, 
Montgomeryshire,    d.    Oct.    22,     1881,    aged    78; 
in   the   cemetery,   on  the   Nonconformist  burial- 
ground. 

Lempriere's  '  Biographical  Dictionary ' 
(1808)  gives  three  Thomas  Edwards,  all  of 
them  writers. 

Probably  the  one  of  whom  information 
is  sought  is  Thomas  Edwards,  poet  and 
critic  cf  eminence,  b.  1699,  d.  Jan.  3,  1757. 
He  purchased  Turrick  ( ?  Terrick)  in  Bucks, 
where  he  usually  resided.  His  poetry, 
specimens  of  which  will  be  found  in 
Dodsley's  and  Nichols's  collections,  is 
said  to  be  simple,  elegant  and  pathetic  ; 
his  criticisms  exact,  acute  and  temperate. 
His  '  Canons  of  Criticism  '  were  first  printed 
in  1747  under  the  title  of  "  A  Supplement 
to  Dr.  Warburton's  Shakspeare '  and 
did  him  great  credit  both  as  a  critic  and 
scholar.  He  died  on  a  visit  to  his  friend 
Richardson,  at  Parsons  Green,  on  th3  date 
before  mentioned.  L.  H.  CHAMBERS. 

Bedford. 

[A  pleasant  essay  on  Thomas  Edwards,  the 
critic,  will  be  found  in  Austin  Dobson's  last 
book,  'Later  Essays,'  reviewed  at  12  S.  viii.  199.] 

MOSES  GRIFFITH,  COPPERPLATE  EN- 
GRAVER (12  S.  i.  287,  417).— The  original 
drawings  by  Moses  Griffith  for  Plates  vi., 
viii.  s,nd  xxi.  of  '  Flora  Scotica '  (Light- 
foot,  1777)  are  now  in  the  Botanical  Library, 
British  Museum  (Natural  History).  The 
last- mentioned  one  is  on  vellum,  was  not 
reversed  as  weie  the  others,  and  differs 
slightly  from  the  engraving. 

J.   ARDAGH, 


THE  CHIMNEY-SWEEPER'S  CLIMBING  BOYS 
(12S.iii.  347,462;  iv.  28,  143).—The  follow- 
ing appeared  in  The  Daily  Chronicle,  Dec.  16, 
1921  :— 

George  Panter,  who  has  just  died  at  Leighton 
Buzzard,  carried  to  his  grave  the  scars  of  burns 
received  as  a  chimney-boy.  He  was  apprenticed 
to  chimney  sweeping  when  nine  years  old,  and 
had  a  strict  master  who  drove  him  up  hot  chimneys 
with  a  stick. 

"  Oliver  Twist  "  nearly  became  a  "  climb- 
ing boy."  J.  ARDAGH. 

BOMBERS  IN  CHARLES  II.'s  NAVY  (12  S. 
vi.  271  ;  vii.  18  ;  ix.  293). — Perhaps  some 
further  particulars  may  be  added  respecting 
Admiral  Duquesne,  by  far  the  greatest 
name  in  French  naval  history,  whose 
achievements  are  but  little  known  to 
Englishmen,  even  Clowes  dismissing  him 
as  "  an  able  and  experienced  seaman,  but 
a  quarrelsome  man."  Charnock,  however, 
does  full  justice  to  his  honesty  and  talents. 
I  can  remember  a  life-size  statue  cast  of 
him  in  full  uniform  which  stood  formerly 
in  the  central  nave  of  the  Crystal  Palace 
among  the  celebrities  of  different  epochs. 

The  formation  of  a  first-class  Navy  by 
Louis  XIV.  and  the  construction  of  the 
arsenal  at  Toulon  in  1680  took  place  about 
the  date  of  Duquesne' s  three  battles  with 
the  Dutch.  On  Jan.  8,  1676,  he  worsted,  off 
the  Li pari  Isles,  De  Ruyter,*the  commander 
who  had  proved  himself  so  formidable  an 
adversary  of  the  English  general -admirals, 
Duke  of  York,  Prince  Rupert,  Monck, 
Sandwich,  Spragge — even  Blake  began  ser- 
vice in  the  Army,  though  he  of  course 
belongs  to  the  Commonwealth  period — 
and  though  the  issue  was  indecisive,  it 
enabled  Duquesne  to  enter  Messina,  which 
was  then  block  ded  by  a  Spanish  force. 
After  refitting,  he  sailed  out  and  convoyed 
a  squadron  of  supply  ships  to  the  be- 
leaguered city,  and  then  on  April  22  fought 
a  closely  contested  battle  with  De  Ruyter 
off  Etna,  in  which  the  latter  was  so  severely 
wounded  that  he  died  the  following  week. 
On  June  2  following,  Duquesne  signally 
defeated  the  Dutch  and  Spanish  fleets  off 
Palermo  ;  but  for  these  invaluable  services 
all  that  he  received  from  Louis  XIV.  was 
the  empty  title  of  Marquis  and  a  sword  of 
honour,  a  marshal's  baton  being  refused 
him  because  he  would  not  abjure  the 

*  The  De  of  this  name  is  not  French  "  of,"  but 
the  Dutch  "  the "  (German  derj  ;  the  admiral's 
patronymic,  therefore,  signified  '"  The  Freebooter," 
or  "  The  Bid(  r." 


12  S.  X.  JAN.  7.  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


17 


Protestant  faith.  Though  he  was  excepted 
from  banishment  under  the  Revocation  of 
the  Edict  of  Nantes,  his  sons  had  to  resign 
their  commissions  in  the  Army  and  Navy. 
After  his  death  his  body  was  refused 
honourable  sepulture,  but  his  son  Henri 
erected  a  statue  to  his  memory  at  Geneva 
(see  Charnock,  '  History  of  Naval  Archi- 
tecture,' vo!.  ii.,  pp.  311-13). 

For  copious  biographies  of  Duquesne  and  | 
Renau  see  Larousse  ;     and  for  a  description  j 
of  the  "  hell-burner,"  or  infernal  machine  j 
invented    by    the    Italian,    Giambelli,    and 
used  to  destroy  the  Duke  of  Parma's  bridge 
over  the  Scheldt  during  the  siege   of   Ant- 
werp, see  Motley,  '  History  of    the  United  I 
Netherlands,'  vol.  i.,  pp.   190-97. 

The  bomb -ketch  must  have  been   intro-  j 
duced  into  the  British  Navy  between  1684  \ 
and  1688,  as  it  is  not  noticed  in  the  enumera-  j 
tion  of  vessels  given  by  Charnock,  vo1.  ii., 
pp.  422-25.     Boats  of  this  description  took 
part  in   the  battle   of   Copenhagen    (1801), 
where  they  were  placed  in  a  row  behind  the 
line    of   warships    and    fired    their   mortars 
over  them  into  the  town  and  fortifications. 
They  were  also  used  ineffectively  by  Nelson  j 
in  his  unsuccessful  attack  on  the  Boulogne  j 
flotilla  of  invasion  in  August  of  the  same 
year  ;  but  in  the  bombardment  of  Sve  iborg 
in    1855    they    did    excellent    service ;     for 
these  occasions  see  the  volumes  of  Clowes. 


Berkeley,  Cal. 


N.  W.1  HILL. 


DOMINOES  (12  S.  ix.  447). — As  to  the 
material  of  which  Napier's  "  bones  "  were 
composed,  the  following  may  be  quoted 
from  The  Standard  newspaper  of  Oct.  5, 
1912:— 

The  first  calculating  machine  ever  invented 
is  to  be  put  on  the  market  shortly  by  Messrs. 
Sotheby.  The  parent  of  the  modern  slide-rule 
is  known  as  "  Napier's  Bones."  It  was  the 
device  of  John  Napier,  Baron  of  Merchiston,  who 
invented  the  present  notation  of  decimal  fractions 
and  the  canon  of  logarithms.  .  .  .  "  Napier's 
Bones  "  are  wooden  and  metal  numbering  rods, 
and  by  manipulating  them  in  conjunction  with 
some  numbered  metal  plates  a  calculator  was  able 
to  add,  subtract,  divide,  and  multiply  large 
numbers  with  much  greater  speed  than  the  un- 
assisted brain  allowed. 

In  William  Lilly's  '  History  of  his  Life 
and  Times,'  he  says,  "  Lord  Merchiston 
was  a  great  lover  of  astrology  "  ;  and  the 
edition  ol  1822  contains  a  portrait  of  Napier 
in  the  act  of  manipulating  his  invention 
4'  from  a  rare  print  by  Delaram." 

W.  B.  H. 


TURNER  FAMILY  (12  S.  v.  94,  249  ;  viii. 
238,  299). — Notwithstanding  the  notes  at 
the  above  references,  and  searches  that  have 
been  made,  I  have  not  yet  been  able  to 
connect  the  family  of  Turner  of  Martholme 
and  Altham  with  that  of  Manchester  and 
Wilmslow,  and  as  I  feel  convinced  that  the 
information  required  can  only  be  supplied 
from  private  records,  I  again  appeal  to 
readers  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  who  may  have  any 
genealogical  data  regarding  Turner  families 
to  help  me  if  they  can. 

The  first  of  the  family  of  whom  I  have 
record  Was  Robert  Turner  of  Martholme, 
in  1687.  He  was  buried  at  Great  Harwood 
Church,  Dec.  2,  1727.  The  name  of  his 
wife  is  not  known,  but  he  left,  with  other 
issue,  a  son,  Thomas  Turner  of  Martholme, 
a  trustee  of  township  charities  in  1743  and 
1759.  He  married  and  had  issue  :— - 

1.  Margaret  Turner,  born  1723,  died  1790. 
She  married,  firstly,  Giles  Hoyle  of  Altham 
Hall;  secondly,  Thomas  Royston  of    Great 
Harwood. 

2.  William  Turner  of  Martholme,  of  whom 
presently  (I.). 

3.  Thomas     Turner     of      Altham     Hall; 
bpt.    at    Great    Harwood,    Aug.    13,    1731 ; 
died  April  10,  1812  (II.). 

4.  Robert  Turner  of  Blackburn  ;  died  Oct. 
17,  1811  (III.). 

5.  Jennet   Turner ;     bpt.   at   Great    Har- 
wood, Nov.  1,  1738. 

6.  John  Turner,  M.D. ,  of  Hobstones,  Colne. 
William,    Thomas    and    Robert    built    up 

a  large  business  in  calico-printing  in  the 
vicinity  of  Blackburn. 

I.  William  Turner,  of  Martholme,  born 
1727,  married  Jane,  daughter  of  William 
Mitchell,  or  Robinson,  of  Hoarstones,  in 
Pendle  Forest,  on  Jan.  3,  1753.  He  died 
May  22,  1782,  aged  55,  having  had  issue  : — 

1.  Thomas  Turner,  born  1755,  died    1781. 

2.  Robinson  Turner,  born  1757,  died  1761. 

3.  William  Turner,  born  1758,  died  1796 
(of  Mart  holme). 

4.  James    Turner,    born    1759,    of    Carter 
Place,  Haslingden.     He  married  Mary,  dau. 
of  Ralph  Ellison,  gentleman,  of  Accriiigton, 
and  died  May  30,  1822. 

5.  John  Turner  ;  bpt.  at  Great  Harwood, 
Sept.  21,  1761. 

6.  Edward   Turner  ;   bpt.  at  Great   Har- 
wood,  Feb.    4,    1766  ;   of   Woodlands,   near 
Manchester.     He      married      Alice 

He  died  May  26,  1833,  and  was  buried  at 
St.  Mark's,  Cheetham  Hill.  She  died 
March  26,  1830. 


18 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[12S.  X.  JAN.  7,  1922. 


7.  Robinson  Turner  ;  bpt.  at  Great  Har- 
wood,  July  13,   1769  ;  died  Nov.   14,   1814  ; 
buried   at   St.    Luke's   Church,   City   Road, 
London. 

8.  Jennet  Turner  ;  bpt.  at  Great  Harwood, 
July  13,  1769. 

9.  Jane  Turner  ;  bpt.  at  Great  Harwood  ; 
married  her  cousin,  William    Turner,  M.P. 
for  Blackburn,  of  Shrigley  Hall,  Co.  Chester, 
and  had  a  daughter,  Ellen  Turner,  who  was 
married,  Jan.    14,    1829,   to  Thomas   Legh, 
Esq.,  LL.D.  and  F.A.S.,  of  Lyme  Park,  Co. 
Chester,  and  Haydock  Lodge  and  Golborne 
Park,  Co.  Lancaster,  and  was  the  mother  of 
Ellen    Jane   Legh,  who  in  1847  became  the 
wife  of  Brabazon    Lowther,  fourth    son    of 
Gorges  Lowther,  of  Hampton  Hall,  Co.  Somer- 
set, representative  of  a  younger  branch  of  the 
family  of  Lowther,  raised  to  the  peerage  in 
1696  under  the  title  of  Lonsdale. 

II.  Thomas  Turner  of  Altham  Hall ;  bpt. 
Aug.  13,  1731,  at  Great  Harwood;  married, 
May  31,  1770,  Ellen,  dau.  of  James  Aspinall 
of  Westwell,  at  Whalley,  and  had  issue  : — 

1.  Thomas  Turner. 

2.  James  Turner. 

3.  Robert  Turner,  born  1790,  of  Shuttle- 
worth  Hall,  Hopton ;  married  Sarah,  dau. 
of  Roger  Green  of  Whalley  Abbey,  and  had 
issue  : — 

i.  Thomas  Turner. 

ii.  Roger  Turner. 

iii.  Robert  Turner  of  Shuttleworth  Hall. 

iv.  James  Turner. 

III.  Robert   Turner  of   Blackburn;    bpt. 
1734,   married   Ellen   ...     He   died    Oct. 
17,    1811,   and  was  buried   at   St.    John's, 
Blackburn.     She  died  Feb.  5, 1808,  aged  72. 
They  had  issue  : — 

1.  Thomas  Turner  of   Stokes  ;  died  1825. 

2.  Robert     Turner     of      Mill     Hill     and 
Manchester;  born   1770,  died  March,  1842, 
at  his  residence  in  Piccadilly,  Manchester. 

3.  John  Turner ;  died  1825. 

4.  William  Turner,  born   1777;  M.P.  for 
Blackburn;     of    Shrigley    Hall,     Cheshire; 
married   his    cousin,    as    mentioned    above, 
and  died  at  Mill  Hill,  July  17,  1842. 

I  am  anxious  to  trace  the  connexion  be- 
tween this  family  and  William  Turner  of 
Wilmslow,  born  1782,  who  married  Ellen 
Wilson,  and  had  issue  : — 

1.  John,  born  1811  ;  died  at  Brooklyn 
House,  Ruabon,  Jan.  20,  1893  ;  buried  at 
Overton,  Ellesmere,  Salop.  He  married 
Mary  .  .  .  and  had  issue : — 

Elizabeth  Hardman  Turner  of  "  Thorn- 
ton," Ruabon.  She  died  Sept.  17,  1916. 


.     2.  Solomon. 

3.  Samuel. 

4.  James;    died  Oct.    16,   1866,  aged  51; 
buried  at  Wilmslow. 

5.  William. 

6.  Emanuel,  born  1825  ;    assistant  comp- 
troller, cashier  and  committee  clerk  to  the 
Manchester  Corporation  from  1842  to  1857  ; 
married  Hannah  Boumphrey  of  Liverpool ; 
died  1878. 

7.  Oswald,  born   1827,  died  Nov.,    1905; 
buried  at  Wilmslow,  Cheshire. 

8.  Elizabeth. 

9.  Jane. 

10.  Ellen,  born  1820  ;  married  to  James 
Bligh.    She  died  March  14,  1877  ;  and  he  died 
Feb.  22,  1876.     Both  buried  at  Wilmslow. 

11.  Hannah ;  married  to  Christopher  Batty. 
Mr.    William    Turner    of   Wilmslow    died 

Sept.  28,  1865,  and  was  buried  at  Wilmslow. 
His  wife,  who  died  Sept.  29,  1863,  aged  75, 
was  also  buried  at  Wilmslow.  The  place  of 
his  birth  is  unknown  and  I  have  not  been 
able  to  trace  any  record  of  a  will. 

If  any  reader  can  prove  the  connexion 
with  the  first -named  family  I  shall  be  very 
grateful.  JAMES  SETON-ANDERSON. 

39,  Carlisle  Road,  Hove,  Sussex. 

AUTHORS  WANTED  (12  S.  ix.  470). — 
4.         "  Time  with,  a  gift  of  tears, 

Grief  with  a  glass  that  ran." 

It  has  been  humorously  suggested  that  Swin- 
burne meant  to  write, 

"  Grief  with  a  gift  of  tears, 

Time  with  a  glass  that  ran," 

or,  at  any  rate,  ought  so  to  have  written  ;  and 
certainly  the  meaning  of  his  verses  would  in 
that  case  have  been  more  obvious.  What, 
exactly,  do  they  mean  as  they  stand  ? 

C.   C.   B. 


on 

A  Neic  English  Dictionary  on  Historical  Prin- 
ciples. Vol.  x.  W — Wash.  By  Henry  Brad- 
ley. (Clarendon  Press.  10s.  net.) 
A  LARGE  proportion  of  the  most  interesting  English 
words  belong  to  this  section,  which  contains  no- 
derivatives  from  Greek  and  Latin.  Old  French 
words,  of  which  there  are  many,  are  referable  ix> 
the  Teutonic  element  of  that  language  which 
appears,  slightly  disguised,  under  an  initial  g  (u), 
in  such  words  as  guetter,  guerre,  gaufre,  for  example, 
of  which  we  have  made  "  wait,"  "  war  "  and 
"  wafer."  It  is  singular,  as  the  dictionary  tells 
us,  that  no  Germanic  nation  in  early  historic 
times  had  a  current  word  for  "  war  "  in  its  proper 
sense.  French  and  English  developed  a  word 
from  that  stem  which  is  found  in  the  German 
venvorren  and  in  our  "  worse  "  ;  but  other  Teu- 
tonic languages  adopted  other  words.  The 


12  S.  X.JAN.  7,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


19 


articles  on  "  wait,"  whether  considered  from  the) 
historical  point  of  view   or  from  that   of  their 
structure  and  their  illustrations,  are  admirable,  i 
One   small  criticism  we  may  make,   because   it  j 
seems  to  indicate  that  the  makers  of  the  great  j 
dictionary  sometimes  forget  how  monumental  a  j 
work  they  are  achieving.     Under  "  wait  and  see  " 
we  read  :    "  Recently  often  used  with  allusion  to  | 
Mr.  H.  H.  Asquith's  repeated  reply     .     .     .     to  a  j 
succession  of  questions  in  Parliament."     In  fifty  | 
years'  time  this  will  appear  but  a  futile  account,  j 
while  the  precise  particulars  will  be  tiresome  to  | 
find.     A  similar  want  of  precision  may  be  observed  ; 
in  the  definition  of  "  warm-blooded."     Probably  j 
few  people  realize  that  the  first  uses  of  "  waft " 
have  somewhat  the  meaning  of  "  whiff  " — a  taste  j 
or  flavour,  th^n  a  scent  carried  in  the  air.  Its  nauti-  | 
cal  use  for  a  flag  or  ensign  goes  back  to  the  early  j 
seventeenth  century.     As  a  verb  "  waft  "  covers 
two  origins — first,  a  back-formation  from  "  wafter,"  i 
(cf.  L.G.  wachter)  a  convoy,  and,  secondly,  waff,  a  ' 
form  used  in  Scotland  and  Northern  England  for 
our   "  wave  "   or   "  waive."     The  two  meanings 
have  in  use  become  considerably  confused.     The 
obsolete  word  "  waghalter  "  (a  "  gallows-bird  ") 
is  thought  to  survive,  in  jocose  use,  in  the  sub- 
stantive "  wag."     It  is  curious  how  dignified  this 
verb  once  was  and  how  it  has  declined  in  modern  ! 
speech.     "  Waggon  " — the   Dutch  wagen — which 
has  a  thoroughly  native  English  sound,  is  in  fact  a 
sixteenth  century  importation,  coming   from  the 
wars  and  used  first  of  military  transport.     As  a  , 
mining  term  it  is  used  for  a  measure  of  weight —  I 
24  cwt.     "  Waif  "   and   "  waive  "   come  from  the  j 
Norman  O.F.  gaif,  are  probably  of  Scandinavian  I 
origin,  and  appear  first  as  legal  terms.     "  Waive,"  ! 
however,  covers  also  the  root  signifying  to  move 
or  swing.     The  articles  on  "  walk  "  may  be  noted 
for   their   great   historical   interest   and    for   the 
abundance  of  idioms  and  phrases  they  contain. 
Most  of  these  are  familiar — but  the  old  "  walks  " 
of  the  Royal  Exchange,  a  "  walk  "  of  snipes  and 
even  a  "  walk-clerk  "  (a  modern  term)  may  serve 
as  examples  of  senses  which  will  be  new  to  many 
students.     The  origin  of  the  word  is  O.E.  wealcan, 
to  roll  or  toss.     Under  "  wall,"  we  noticed  that 
the    dictionary   does   not   commit   itself   to   any 
explanation  of  the  origin  of  the  phrase  "to  go  to 
the  wall."     "  Waist,"  it  seems,  is  to  be  connected 
with  "  wax,"  to  grow,  and  the  modern  spelling 
was  rare  till  Johnson  fixed  it  in  his  dictionary. 
Another  interesting  Dutch  word  is  "  wainscot  "- 
introduced  in  the  fourteenth  century — of  which 
the  original  sense  is  all  but  lost.     Urquhart,  in 
1652,  could  still  say  that  "  a  wedge  of  wainscot  is 
fittest  and  most  proper  for  cleaving  of  an  oaken 
tree."     Wainscot    was    a    superior    foreign    oak 
brought  from  Russia,  Germany  or  Holland.     Its 
etymology  remains  obscure. 

The  articles  on  "  -ward  "  and  "  -wards,"  both 
as  to  derivation  and  as  to  development  of  use, 
are  among  the  most  valuable  of  the  section,  or, 
as  offering  fresh  discussion  on  an  important  suffix, 
of  the  whole  dictionary.  We  had  marked  a  large 
number  of  other  words,  and  details  in  the  account 
of  words,  for  mention,  but  can  hardly,  in  a  short 
review,  cope  with  such  an  embarras  de  richesses. 
It  should,  however,  be  said  that  the  derivations 
in  this  section  are  of  quite  special  interest.  The 
section  contains  2,559  words  and  14,787  quota- 
tions. 


English     Organ-Cases.       By     Andrew     Freeman. 

(London  :  G.  A.  Mate  and  Son.) 
THE  subject  of  organ-cases  has  the  rare  distinction 
of  being  comparatively  fresh.  It  sometimes 
happens  that  a  neglected  subject  is  brought  into 
prominence  by  an  incompetent  enthusiast.  Such 
a  person  stimulates  rather  than  informs,  functions 
as  a  door-keeper  rather  than  a  guide.  This  is 
by  no  means  Mr.  Freeman's  case.  He  is  equipped 
with  solid  and  extensive  information.  He  knows 
thoroughly  well  the  organs  and  organ-cases 
throughout  the  length  and  breadth  of  England, 
the  history  of  the  making  and  use  of  these  in- 
struments, and  the  principles  by  which  the 
successful  construction  of  a  good  organ  in  its 
place  in  a  building  is  determined.  His  knowledge 
of  English  organ-cases  is  illuminated  by  his  study 
of  foreign  examples  as  well  as  by  an  evident 
competence  in  architecture.  His  book  is  illustrated 
by  a  large  number  of  excellent  photographs, 
of  which  the  great  majority  were  taken  by  him- 
self, and  he  makes  dexterous  use  of  the  illustra- 
tions in  his  text. 

The  introduction  of  organs  into  England  goes 
back  to  the  end  of  the  seventh  century.  At 
first  rare,  owing  to  their  cost  and  also  to  the 
difficulty  of  finding  a  man  to  play  them,  organs 
had  become  tolerably  common  by  the  middle 
of  the  fifteenth  century.  At  the  Reformation 
and  during  the  Great  Rebellion  many  were 
destroyed  by  the  zeal  of  iconoclasts — a  destruction 
greatly  to  be  regretted  because,  in  the  old 
examples,  the  case  was  treated  as  an  important 
addition  to  the  adornment  of  the  church,  and 
had  lavished  on  it  the  same  skill,  care  and  feeling 
for  beauty  as  the  medieval  craftsman  brought 
to  the  fashioning  of  sedilia  or  rood-screen.  The 
musical  development  of  the  instrument  was 
slow,  and  up  to  the  end  of  the  seventeenth  cen- 
tury most  English  organs  were  of  small  size. 
For  hundreds  of  years  English  organ-building 
was  done  by  monks,  a  fact  which  will  largely 
explain  the  traditions  which  grew  up  for  the 
design  and  decoration  of  pipes  and  case.  The 
custom  of  gilding  is  mentioned  by  St.  Aldhelm. 

We  have  in  England  twelve  organ-cases  be- 
longing to  the  pre-Restoration  period,  of  which 
the  earliest  is  that  at  St.  Stephen's,  Old  Radnor 
(c.  1500),  and  the  latest  an  organ-case  at  Blair 
Atholl  Castle  (1650).  Of  these  an  exceedingly 
interesting  example  is  that  at  St.  Nicholas, 
Stanford-on-Avon,  Northants,  which  is  said  to 
have  come  from  Whitehall  and  is  conjectured 
by  our  author  to  have  contained  that  organ 
which  Samuel  Pepys  heard  played  on  a  July 
Sunday — the  first  time  he  remembered  "  to  have 
heard  the  organs  and  singing-men  in  surplices." 
The  most  magnificent  is  at  King's  College, 
Cambridge — a  case  built  in  1605-6  by  Chapman 
and  Hartop  for  an  organ  of  Thomas  Dallam's  ; 
and  another,  worth  mentioning  for  its  attractive- 
ness, is  that  at  Hatfield,  also  probably  for  an 
organ  by  DalJam. 

From  1660  to  1790  English  organ-building 
produced  the  most  numerous  and  famous  of 
the  older  works  of  the  art.  The  Dallams,  the 
Harrises  and  Father  Smith  designed  cases  which, 
if  details  may  be  objected  to  as  alien  from  their 
purpose  when  erected  in  churches,  were  yet 
conceived  upon  plans  of  noble  and  graceful 
proportion,  and  carried  out  with  great  success. 


20 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[12  S.  X.  JAN.  7,  1922. 


Their  work  is  here  most  carefully  and  critically 
discussed.     On  the  period  of  debasement  which  j 
closed  the  eighteenth  and  began  the  nineteenth  j 
century   Mr.    Freeman   writes   with   vigour,    but  j 
also   with   discrimination  ;     on   the   revival   and  ; 
on  modern   examples   and   tendencies  he   is   ap- 
preciative  but   also   ready   with   suggestive   and 
helpful   criticism.     He   advises   a   return   to    the 
use    of    shutters— which    would    both    be    useful 
to  enclose  the  organ  at   cleaning  times  and  add 
a    signal    opportunity    for    decoration ;     and    he  j 
says  all  that  should  be  said  about  the  enormity  j 
of  letting  the   tops   of  pipes   appear  above   the 
wood-work  of  the  case. 

We  have  not  discovered  upon  what  principle  | 
the  illustrations  are  arranged,  and  there  is  no  | 
index  of  persons.  Moreover,  so  good  a  book  j 
might,  we  think,  have  been  more  attractively  j 
printed.  Otherwise  we  have  nothing  but  praise  I 
for  a  sound  and  careful  piece  of  work. 


RATCLIFFE  CROSS  AND  STAIRS 
MEMORIAL. 

THE  movement  for  the  restoration  of  Ratcliffe 
Cross  and  Stairs  to  public  memory  and  honour 
as  the  rendezvous  and  sailing-place  of  many  of  the 
first  oversea  adventurers  of  England  (whose  little 
ship-crews  were  mainly  recruited  in  the  maritime  j 
parts  of  Old  Stepney),  would  appear  to  have 
originated  some  sixty  years  ago  at  the  instance  of 
the  teaching  corps  of  the  two  most  conspicuous 
Foundation  schools  in  the  locality,  supported  by 
the  authorities  of  the  Mother  Church  of  St.  Dun- 
stan,  Stepney.  And  of  late  years  it  has  enjoyed 
attention  in  the  most  exalted  quarters  with  in- 
timate Naval  associations,  in  connexion  with  the 
designing  of  the  King  Edward  Memorial  Park,  at 
the  adjacent  Shad  well,  in  the  same  reach  of  the 
Thames. 

Long  before  the  reign  of  the  Tudors — when 
men-at-arms  and  archers  were  for  ever  passing  to 
and  from  the  French  heritages,  fiefs  and  acquisi-  ' 
tions  of  English  kings — the  shipwrights  of  Rat- 
cliffe were  building  vessels  for  what  was  to  be, 
practically,  the  King's  Navy  in  the  making  ;  and 
the  ancient  Stepney  Vestry  had  scarcely  settled  to 
its  functions  ere  resident  Masters,  Captains, 
Brethren,  Mariners  of  the  Trinity  Guild  are  found 
serving  actively  on  the  body,  wi^h  brewers,  arti- 
ficers, craftsmen,  gunmakers,  powdermakers, 
cannon-founders,  ropemakers,  sailmakers,  riggers, 
blockmakers,  shipwrights,  carpenters,  sawyers, 
shipsmiths,  fleshers,  victuallers,  salters,  coopers, 
&c.,  upbuilding  the  Port  of  London. 

In  the  report  of  the  Records  and  Museums  Com- 
mittee submitted  at  the  last  meeting  of  the  Lon- 
don County  Council,  it  was  recalled  that,  in  May, 
1914,  the  Committee  had  under  consideration  a  I 
proposal  made  by  Sir  John  Benn,   Bt.,  that   a 
memorial  to  Elizabethan  explorers  and  navigators  I 
should  be  erected  at  the  place  "  formerly  known  as 
Ratcliffe  Cross."     It  was  proposed  that  a  bronze 
tablet  with  a  suitable  inscription  and  a  design  in  ! 
enamel  of  a  ship  of  the  Tudor  period  in  full    sail  j 
should  be  affixed  to  the  wall  of  the  Ratcliffe  en- 1 
trance  of  the  Rotherhithe  Tunnel  (which  is  the 
actual  site  of  the  historic  Ratcliffe  Cross).     The 
project  was  estimated  to  cost  £270.     It  was,  how- 
ever, postponed  until  after  the  war,  and  now  it 


would  be  about  £650.  In  present  circumstances 
the  committee  were  not  prepared  to  advise  ex- 
penditure of  so  large  a  sum  for  this  purpose,  but 
proposed  a  tablet  of  similar  design,  although 
executed  in  painted  tile  panels  instead  of  in 
bronze  and  enamel,  which  can  be  provided  at  a 
comparatively  small  cost.  The  committee  pro- 
posed that  the  inscription  placed  on  the  tablet  be 
in  the  following  terms  : — 

"  This  Tablet  is  in  memory  of  Sir  Hugh  Wil- 
loughby,  Stephen  Borough,  William  Borough, 
Sir  Martin  Frobisher,  and  other  navigators,  who, 
in  the  latter  half  of  the  Sixteenth  Century,  set  sail 
from  this  Reach  of  the  River  Thames  near  Rat- 
cliffe Cross  to  explore  the  Northern  Seas. 

"  Erected  by  the  London  County  Council,  1922." 

As  regards  the  position  for  the  tablet,  the  com- 
mittee expressed  the  opinion  that  it  should  be 
erected  on  a  stone  to  be  placed  in  the  King  Edward 
Memorial  Park.  With  the  concurrence  of  the 
Parks  Committee  a  site  had  been  selected  for  the 
purpose.  In  this  position  the  memorial  will  be 
close  to  the  river  and  will  be  well  under  observa- 
tion and  thus  less  liable  to  damage  than  if  placed 
on  the  Ratcliffe  tunnel  entrance  in  the  open  street. 
Moreover,  it  will  probably  be  seen  by  more  people. 
An  offer  to  present  and  fix  a  suitable  stone  has 
been  made  'by  Mr.  E.  C.  Hannen,  of  the  firm  of 
Messrs.  Holland  and  Hannen,  and  the  total  cost 
of  providing  and  fixing  the  panel  will,  it  is  esti- 
mated, not  exceed  £60. 

The  London  County  Council  adopted  this  re- 
port, none  dissenting,  and  the  Records  Committee 
were  empowered  to  take  all  the  necessary  steps  in 
the  matter.  Me. 


CORRIGENDA. 

1.  ANCIENT  BRITISH  DYE  (12  S.  ix.  491,  531).— 
In  my  communication  at  the  last  reference,  for 
"  Cambridge "    read    Corbridge,    and    for    "  will 
not,"  read  would.  J.  T.  F. 

2.  At  12  S.  ix.  527,  col.   1,  1.   12,   for  "  1541  " 
read  1542.  JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 


JJottce*  to  Corre£pontiente. 

EDITORIAL  communications  should  be  addressed 
to  "  The  Editor  of  '  Notes  and  Queries  '  ' ' — Adver- 
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London,  E.C.4  ;  corrected  proofs  to  The  Editor, 
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ALL  communications  intended  for  insertion  in 
our  columns  should  bear  the  name  and  address  of 
the  sender — not  necessarily  for  publication,  but  as 
a  guarantee  of  good  faith. 

WE  cannot  undertake  to  answer  queries 
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WHEN  answering  a  query,  or  referring  to  an 
article  which  has  already  appeared,  correspondents 
are  requested  to  give  within  parentheses — im- 
mediately after  the  exact  heading — the  numbers 
of  the  series,  volume,  and  page  at  which  the  con- 
tribution in  question  is  to  be  found. 


12  S.X.JAN.  7,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


Notes  and  Queries. 

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21 


LONDON,  JANUARY  14,  1922. 


CONTENTS.— No.   196. 

NOTES  : — The  Troutbeck  Pedigree,  21— Needham's  Point 
Naval  and  Military  Cemetery,  Barbados,  23 — Principal 
London  Coffee-houses  in  the  Eighteenth  Century,  26 — A 

*  Parliamentary  Election  in  the  Seventeenth  Century,  27— 
—Provincial  Booksellers,  A.D.,  1714,  28— Edward  Fitz- 
Gerald:  E.  F.  G. — Apprentices  to  and  from  Overseas- 
Inequality  of  Postal  Rates,  29 — "  Dear  Clifford's  Seat " — 
Sussex  Pronunciation  of  Place-names — Caen  Wood— A 
Singular  Request,  30. 

QUERIES :— Dr.  Gideon  A.  Mantell,  F.R.S.— Baron  Grant— 
Beauchamp  :  Moseley  :  Woodham  (Wodham) — Song-book 
by  Tobias  Hume — St.  John  the  Almoner — Launching  of 
Ships,  31 — Rabbits  in  Australia — Cipher  on  St.  James's 
Palace— The  Brighton  Athenaeum— Pedigrees  wanted— 
Adah  Isaac  Menken's  '  Infelicia  ' — The  English  "  h  "  : 
Celtic,  Latin  and  German  Influences — James  Hales — 
Thoresby  Hardres— Welsh  Map  sought,  32 — '  The  Ingoldsby 
Legends  ' — Inscriptions  on  an '  Icon,  33 — Proverb  :  Origin 
wanted— Matthew  Arnold  :  Reference  sought— Author's 
Name  wanted,  34. 

REPLIES  :—"  Mata  Hari's  "  Youth,  34— Vice- Admiral  Sir 
Christopher  Mings,  35 — Title  of  "  K.H." — Sir  Richard 
Woolfe— Cotton  family  of  Warbleton  (Warblington),  36— 
The  House  of  Harcourt,  37— Plugenet— "  Journey  "— 
Snokers'  Folk-lore,  38— Edward  Lamplugh— Molesworth— 
— Author  of  Poem  wanted,  39. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :— '  Ancient  Tales  from  Many  Lands  '— 
'  Essays  and  Studies  by  Members  of  the  English  Associa- 
tion ' — '  Pedigrees  of  some  East  Anglian  Dennys  ' — '  Memoir 
of  Colonel  William  Denny,  Lieutenant- Governor  of  Pennsyl- 
vania." 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


THE  TROUTBECK  PEDIGREE. 

INTEREST  in  this  family  arises  perhaps  for 
the  most  part  only  at  its  extinction  in  the 
main  line,  when  an  heiress  carried  Al- 
brighton  to  the  Talbots  of  Grafton — accord- 
ing to  the  usual  accounts.  At  that  point 
we  read  John  Talbot  was  already  married 
to  Margaret  Troutbeck,  daughter  of  Adam, 
and  heiress  of  Adam's  elder  brother  William, 
she  being  then  16  years  of  age,  namely, 
at  William's  death  in  2  Henry  VIII.  or 
about  1510.  Such  are  the  statements 
advanced  by  Helsby,  in  his  '  Ormerod's 
Cheshire  '  (ii.  42),  using  a  version  evidently 
derived  mainly  from  a  draft  by  Beamont. 
It  seems  difficult  to  believe  that  the  facts 
quite  agreed  ;  and  Beamont's  Introduction 
to  the  *  Amicia  Tracts  '  controversy  does 

^not     indicate    him    a    peculiarly  sagacious 

1  genealogist. 


The  above  Adam  is  called  a  second  son  ; 
and  as  his  heir,  his  ,  daughter  Margaret 
becomes  also  heir,  no  doubt,  to  his  elder 
brother  William,  if  it  were  possible  to 
accept  the  statement  of  the  pedigree  that 
William  "  ob.  s.p."  This,  however,  appears 
to  be  entirely  erroneous  :  the  fact  is  that 
William  says  he  executed  certain  deeds 
passing  lands  to  his.  "  children  "  ;  in  his 
will  (P.C.C.,  35  Bennett)  he  recites  that 
the  deeds  were  dated  May  1  (1508),  23 
Henry  VII.,  whence  it  may  seem  plian 
he  had  no  issue  born  after  that  date. 
Since  upwards  of  two  years  before  his  death 
these  children  are  alive,  he  certainly  had 
issue,  whether  surviving  him  or  not. 

.  This  William  is  stated  to  have  been 
15  years  of  age  in  4  Edward  IV.,  whence 
he  was  born  about  1449.  His  father  had 
died  2  Edward  IV.,  and  in  the  two  years' 
interval  he  had  been  ward  first  of  the  King 
and  then  of  Sir  John  Butler  of  Bewsey. 
The  quoted  pedigree  presents  that  by 
2  Edward  IV.  (1462)  he  had  been  married 
to  a  Joan  or  Jane,  daughter  of  Sir  John 
Botiller,  doubtless  the  guardian  :  it  may 
be  the  date  should  read  4  Edward  IV., 
namely,  the  year  of  the  inquisition  upon 
his  father's  death.  Passing  that,  he  is  at 
least  married  by  1464,  and  then  some 
15  years  of  age  :  but  there  is  a  further 
statement  that  he  was  divorced  from 
Joan,  "July  31,  1491,"  they  "being  within 
the  fourth  degree."  He  was  by  then  aged 
about  42,  and  had  been  her  husband  for 
27  years  or  more;  the  "children"  of 
whom  he  speaks  in  his  alleged  deeds  of 
1508 — when  he  is  near  60 — might  thus 
include  some  issue  of.  Joan.  By  1508,  the 
youngest  of  such  issue,  if  any,  must  be 
nearing  their  majority  ;  some  of  them  may 
be  parents  of  issue  already  growing  up. 
Possibly  there  are  none,  however ;  that 
might  have  stimulated  a  respect  for  the 
asserted  canonical  scruples  of  two  decades 
ago. 

In  any  case  William  marries  again,  and 
to  a  wife  capable  of  bringing  him  an  heir. 
She  was  "Margaret,  daughter  of  Richard 
Hough  of  Leighton  esq.  married  in  or 
ante  18  Henry  VII."  (1502-1503),  namely, 
at  least  5  years,  and  maybe  over  15  years, 
before  the  date  of  these  deeds.  That  will 
suggest  that  he  has  relatively  young  issue — 
in  his  own  word,  children — born  of  Margaret. 
She  is  stated  to  have  remarried  William 
Poole  of  Poole,  by  4  Henry  VIII.  (1512)  ; 
to  him  she  bore  several  children,  including 


22 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        1 12  s.x.  JAN.  14,1922. 


a  son,  Ralph,  born,  too  previously  (ibid., 
p.  423)  ;  and  she  was  dead  by  1531.  In  his 
will,  however,  William  does  not  say  that 
any  of  his  children  are  by  either  wife. 

"  William  Troutbeck,  knight  :  to  bury  in 
my  chapel  of  S.  Mary  of  the  Hill,  in 
Chester  :  wife  Margaret  and  Thomas  Hoghe 
ex'ors  :  my  lord  of  Ely  *  overseer  :  twenty- 
four  servants  to  have  black  gowns  to 
accompany  testator's  body  to  burial :  twelve 
poor  men  to  have  white  gowns  and  to  bear 
twelve  torches,  t  As  touching  lands  :  By 
deeds,  &c.,  of  May  1,  23  Henry  VII.  : 
Thomas  Hoghe  and  William  Frodsham 
feoffees,  &c.,  by  recovery,  &c.,  of  all  my 
lands  in  Cheshire,  to  grant  certain  manors 
to  Margaret  my  wife  for  her  life  for  jointure  : 
also  to  sons  and  daughters  of  testator  for 
term  of  their  lives,  &c.,  remainder  to  right 
heirs  :  children  named  in  the  deeds. 

"  Dated  9  September,  1510 ;  proved 
3  December,  1510,  by  the  ex'ors." 

Though  the  children  were  named  in  the 
deeds,  none  are  named  in  the  will ;  therefore 
it  is  manifest  they  were  all  born  by  1508, 
and  it  might  follow  also  that  none  of  them 
had  died  by  1510.  Since  the  executors 
are  the  relict  and  her  agnate  Thomas 
Hoghe,  the  interests  of  her  issue  might 
seem  to  be  safeguarded,  and  presumably 
the  Bishop  of  Ely  will  be  able  to  supervise. 
But  what  became  of  these  children  ;  what 
were  the  manors  and  all  the  lands  in 
Cheshire  ;  and  by  what  date  does  the 
remainder  to  right  heirs  convey  anything 
to  Margaret,  the  wife  of  John  Talbot,  or  to 
her  representative  ?  Moreover,  that  is  not 
quite  the  last  question. 

At  the  death  of  her  -uncle  William  in  1510, 
the  last-named  Margaret  is  said  to  be  aged 
16  and  already  Talbot' s  wife;  therefore  the 
statement  is  that  she  was  born  about  1494. 
Her  mother,  Adam's  wife,  was  another 
Margaret,  expressly  called  daughter  of  "  Sir 
John  Butler  of  Bewsey,"  namely,  the  guar- 
dian, as  above,  of  William  the  heir,  Adam's 
elder  brother.  When  John  Talbot  of  Grafton 
died  in  3  Edward  VI.,  Sept.  10,  1549,  he  left  a 
will  (P.C.C.,.40  Populwell)  whereof  he 
appoints  as  overseer  "  Richard  Trutbek  my 


*  James  Stanley,  1506-1515  :  testator's  mother 
is  called  Margaret  Stanley,  sister  of  Thomas, 
first  Earl  of  Derby,  father  of  the  bishop. 

t  The  distinction  in  status  and  garb  was 
apparently  a  well-recognized  custom,  and  the 
fee  of  the  "  poor  men  "  at  one  period  seems  to 
1iave  been  generally  half-a-crown  apiece,  whence 
the  occasional  description  "  halfcrownsmen." 


father  in  law."  He  made  his  wife  executrix, 
without  mentioning  her  name.  By  the 
visitations — apparently  in  error,  however — 
she  was  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Walter 
Wrottesley,  knight  ;  she  is  said  to  have  died 
May  10,  1559,  Walter  having  died,  as  it 
seems,  in  1502.  Whatever  the  facts  so  far, 
it  was  not  till  April  2,  1580,  that  letters  of 
administration  de  bonis  non  after  the  death  of 
the  executor  (i.e.,  this  second  wife  and  relict) 
issued  to  John  Talbot  nepcti  ex  filio,  namely, 
to  the  testator's  grandson,  who  was  father  of 
George,  ninth  Earl  of  Shrewsbury.  That 
suggests  that  the  executrix  lived  till  about 
1580  ;  which  is  no  proof  that  she  was  not 
born  by  1502. 

The  immediate  question,  however,  is  in 
what  sense  does  Talbot  call  Richard  Trutbek 
his  father-in-law  ?  The  description  was 
often  used  with  much  laxity — it  may  at  any 
time  cover  a  stepfather — here  it  can  only 
mean  the  father  of  the  testator's  wife  or  her 
stepfather  or  his  own  stepfather.  Pre- 
sumably it  cannot  mean  a  husband  of  the 
testator's  mother,  if  she  had  married  first 
Barton,  second  Talbot,  and  third  Richard 
Gardiner,  Lord  Mayor  of  London  in  1478, 
who  was  dead  in  1488/9,  thus  leaving  it  quite 
improbable  that  either  she  or  any  final  hus- 
band could  be  still  alive  60  years  later,  in 
1549.  If,  then,  that  lady  was  really  this 
Talbot' s  mother,  and  Richard  consequently 
no  husband  of  hers,  he  must  be  in  some 
sense  the  father  of  the  testator's  wife,  namely, 
of  one  of  his  wives.  In  that  case  is  it  to  be 
another  wife,  in  between  the  Margaret  of  his 
youth  and  the  executrix  cf  his  will,  or  is 
Elizabeth  "  Wrottesley  "  daughter  of  some 
Richard  Trutbek :  or  is  that  Richard  to  re- 
present the  father  of  the  first  wife  ?  Under 
that  superficial  explanation,  the  testator 
contradicts  the  juries  at  the  inquisitions, 
whose  authority  is  liable  to  be  quite  as  good 
as  his  own.  The  further  possibility  that 
Richard  may  be  no  more  than  stepfather  to 
one  of  the  wives  is  apparently  even  more 
difficult, 

As  a  simple  alternative,  perhaps,  the  pedi- 
grees are  a  little  wrong  somewhere — both  of 
them.  The  hints  that  a  generation  of  Talbot 
has  been  dropped  out  are  plain  enough,  if 
misleading.  Equally  obvious  is  the  indica- 
tion that  Richard  will  be  one  of  the  children 
of  William  Troutbeck  ;  but,  if  so,  by  which 
marriage  ?  Was  he  born  by  "  1491  "  and 
therefore  now  nearing  or  past  60  ?  Mani- 
festly he  is  not  born  after  that  year  if  it  is  to 
be  his  daughter  who  was  born  about  1494,  as 


-_'  S.  X.  TAX.  14,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


23 


above.  Clearly  Richard  is  no  alias  for  Adam  tombstones  and  crosses  shattered  and 
if  Adam  was  dead  during  William's  lifetime,  i  overturned,  while  the  brick  graves  showed 
namely,  40  years  before.  Plainly  there  is  unmistakable  evidence  of  having  been 
wild  confusion  somewhere  ;  the  record  \  rifled  of  some  of  their  contents, 
evidence  at  the  two  ends  of  this  artless  tale  jt  seemed  lamentable  that  whilst  the 
can  by  no  means  be  reconciled  with  the  imperial  Graves  Commission  was  devoting 
pedigree  professing  to  connect  them.  such  loving  care  to  the  graves  of  our  gallant 
Richard,  of  course,  could  explain,  but  un-  •  soldiers  who  fell  in  France  and  Flanders, 
fortunately  one  has  not  elsewhere  met  with  ;  this  oid  ^aval  and  Military  Cemetery  in 
Richard  in  any  capacity.  Neither  has  one  j  the  West  indies  should  be  so  sadly  neglected, 
been  able  to  find  any  person  able  to  bear  the  |  Sir  John  Butch  Bart  K.c>>  M<P^ 
description ^ 'father-in-law -in  1549.  Who,!  ^^  took  the  matter  ftt 

then,  was  this  Richard,  at  the  first  mention  |  p     ^  gjrtl      after  return  ^rom  ^ 

appointed  overseer,  and  later  on  described  ,  ^  ^        ^  asked'ya  question  in  the 
only  by  his  relationship  111  the  bequest      to    Houge  Q£  Commons  on  June  ^2    1920< 

^J^iL^l^S?^^!!        As     a    result,    the     Colonial    Office     has 


It  seems  that  Richard's  daughter  must  be  | 
the  unnamed  executrix,  viz.,  the  last  wife  of 


obtained    from    the    various    West    Indian 


1/JJLV7      LAJ.JJ.JLCAfilJ,t7^4.     V?  .A  V>  \s  LA  V  i  A  -A  .     VJ./J..      L'AJ.V>      ACUO  U      W  J.  *.*->       v/J.     •       _.  •  {•  ,  1- 

the  testator  :  it  would  be  no  surprise  to  find  i  Governments  a  series  of  reports  regarding 
Richard  himself  and  Margaret,  the  daughter  I the  cemeteries  containing  naval  and  military 
of  Adam,  much  about  of  an  age,  the  while  he  graves.  From  these  it  would  appear  that 


looks  so  like  one  of  the  "  children,"  and  a  son 
of  Margaret  Hough.  If  that  were  so,  he 
would  be  one  of  the  beneficiaries  under  the 


while  in  several  colonies  care  has  been 
taken  to  maintain  the  graveyards,  in  others 
nothing  has  been  done  in  this  direction  for 


YYV^LAAVJ.        k^f       VAl.H-'       VfJ.        UMJK7        M\J  L  J-V AiVACDJ.  L V>O        LJ.IJLVA\-/J-         VAJLW  -~     _  w  _  .  -  - 

alleged  deeds  ;  but  those  are  described  to  3£ars'  *£e  reas°n  P^aps  ^mg  that  the 
cover  only  Cheshire  lands,  thus  leaving  it  War  Office  under  wiiose  contTol  some  of 
still  open  to  discussion  how  or  if  Margaret  j  ^hem  are,  has  lost  touch  with  the  West 
the  daughter  of  Adam  brought  the  Salop  Indies  since  the  garrisons  were  withdrawn 
property  of  Albrighton  to  this  John  Talbot,  I  »  1«06.  It  is  very  satisfactory,  therefore  to 
who  in  his  will  calls  himself  "of  Graf  ton,"  krxow  th«J  M  th°  resillt  °*  the  representa- 
and  says  nothing  about  Albrighton.  tlons  ma.de  *°  them  in  this  connexion,  a 

The  search  for  Richard,  obviously  the  first    very    active    body    of    ladies    in    Barbados 
line  of  inquiry,  has  not  been  wholly  fruitless  :    known    as    the        Civic    Circle,      of    which 
there  was  one  Richard  Trowtbecke  who  left  I  If  dY   CaiJer,ls   the    President  and  Mrs.  I 
a  will,  registered  at  Lichfield  under  the  date    Browne  the  hon.  secretary,  has  very  kindly 

undertaken  to  put  the  cemetery  at  Need- 
ham's    Point    in    order,    the    Government 


1552  (series  iii.  49).  Hitherto  opportunity 
has  not  offered  to  consult  that  record.  If 
any  inquirer  can  furnish  an  abstract  of  it, 
it  will  be  possible  to  see  whether  that  testator 


having  consented  to  provide;  the  necessary 
funds  for  the  purpose.     When  I  last  heard 


says  anything  about  the    several  sons  and   from  Mrs.  Browne  the  work  of  clearing  up 
daughters   of   John,   who     may  have   been   the   cemetery  was   to   be   started  and   the 

they 


were 


Richard's    grandchildren,    since 
clearly  children  of  the  executrix. 

HAMILTON  HALL. 

Chaff  ord. 


cemetery  was  to  be  enclosed. 


The  "  Civic  Circle  "  has  sent  me  a  list  of 
interments  as  far  as  they  have  been  able 
to  decipher  the  names  on  the  shattered 
tombstones,  and  they  would,  I  know, 
greatly  appreciate  its  publication  in 
?N.  &  Q.,'  which  might  enable  them 
to  get  into  touch  with  some  of  the 
DURING  a  visit  to  Barbados  in  1920,  !  relatives  of  the  officers,  non-commissioned 


NEEDHAM'S      POINT      NAVAL 
MILITARY   CEMETERY,  BARBADOS. 


in 

I    was    shocked    to     notice    the  aeplorable  |  officers  and.  men  and  sailors  and  members 
condition    of    the  old    Naval    and   Military  :  of  their  families  who  are  buried  at  Needham's 
Ometery  on  Needham's    Point,  the    sandy  j  Point.     The  list  is  as  follows  : 
promontory     or      the      south-east     side    of        Laura     Amelia,    wife     of     Sergt.     ANDERSON, 
Carlisle     Bay.       Though     the     latest    inter-    M.B.C.,  died  June  9th,  1897,  aged  39  years. 
inert   took  place  there  as  recently  as  1914,  6-  R  BABEONE,  died  1878. 

the     cemetery     had    been     allowed    to     go 
to     rack    and     ruin.     The     railings     which 


;  , 

L.  BAILY,  wife  of  Thomas  Baily,  died 


'siuTounded  it   were  broken  down,  and    the 


Major  BALDWIN. 

Corp.  T.  BABRICK,  died  1877. 


24 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [»S.X.J«.U.I»M. 


Hercules  Webster  BAULD,  Landsman,  U.S. 
Navy;  born  March  18th,  1878;  died  December 
5th,  1899.  Erected  by  his  shipmates  of  the 
U.S.  ship  "  Lancaster." 

Alfred  Geo.  BEER,  Stoker  of  H.M.S.  "  Intrepid," 
died  at  the  Hospital,  Barbados,  19th  August,  1898, 
aged  31. 

Sergt.  T.  BENTON,  98th  Regiment,  died  1875. 

Robert  BLOMBERO,  Seaman,  U.S.  Navy,  born 
in  Finland,  March  19th,  1861  ;  died  February 
26th,  1902,  at  Bridgetown,  Barbados.  Erected 
by  his  shipmates  on  board  the  U.S.F.S.  "  Hart- 
ford." 

George  BOLTON,  Stoker,  H.M.S.  "  Tourmaline," 
died  at  sea,  Nov.  16th,  1879,  aged  25  years. 

Sydney,  child  of  F.  BOSHELL,  Royal  Berks 
Regiment,  died  1898. 

Miles  H.  BRAITHWAITE,  late  Py.  Ms.  Sergt. 
2nd  W.I.  Regt.,died  June  1st, ,  aged  45  years. 

John  Graham  BRANSCOMBE,  deputy  Assist. 
Supt.  of  Stores,  eldest  son  of  John  Branscombe 
of  London,  died  28th  November,  1867,  aged  33. 

J.  BRIDOER.     (See  ROYAL  ARTILLERY.) 

Ellen  Sedney,  Emily  Kate,  children  of  Band- 
Sergt.  G.  A.  BRYDEN,  2nd  D.  of  W.  Regiment. 

Lieu.  Col.  R.  BULLEN,  Royal  Engineers,  died 
in  Barbados,  30th  June,  1883. 

No.  4890  Pte.  C.  CALLIS,  2nd  Batt.  Leinster 
Regiment,  Royal  Canadians,  died  April  29th, 
1900,  aged  23  years. 

Mary  Elizabeth,  the  wife  of  Sergeant  CAR- 
MICHAEL,  C.M.L.,  died  10th  January,  1885, 
aged  34. 

George  G.  CARR. 

Sergeant  Benjamin  CLARKE,  2nd  West  India 
Regiment,  died  December  20th,  1885,  aged 
41  years, 

Peter  J.  COCHING,  35th  Regiment.     (No  date.) 

John  COLEMAN,  Pte.  in  H.M.  97th,  who  died 
4th  July,  1874,  aged  44. 

John  COLLINGS,  98th  Regiment,  died  1874. 

Thomas  W.  COOK,  R.N.,  Boatswain,  H.M.S. 
"  Northampton,"  killed  accidentally,  1882. 

Eleanor  Radley,  died  19th  October,  1886  ; 
Cicely  Radley,  died  10th  October,  1886;  twin 
daughters  of  Capt.  Jas.  COULTON,  D.A.C.G. ; 
born  4th  June,  1886. 

Herbert  T.  COUSINS,  D.A.C.O.,  Commissariat 
Staff,  who  died  of  yellow  fever  eight  days  after 
landing,  August  8th,  1881,  aged  25. 

Martha  CRADDOCK,  died  1878V 

John  CUMMINS,  Stoker,  died  24th  September, 
1899. 

E.  A.  DARCEY,  son  of  E.  Darcey,  2nd  W.I. 
Regiment,  died  1875. 

Edward  James  DIXON,  able  seaman,  H.M.S. 
*'  Canada  " ;  born  at  Dover,  England ;  died  29th 
Mav,  1892. 

Ellen  Louisa  DOGGETT,  died  10th  April,  1876, 
aged  3  years  and  5  months ;  Alice  Rebecca 
DOGGETT,  died  6th  August,  aged  2  years  ;  the 
daughters  of  W.  and  E.  Doggett,  35th  R.S.  Reg. 

Pte.  G.  DOUGLAS,  35th  Regiment. 

Louisa  DRUCE,  the  wife  of  James  Druce,  military 
labourer. 

William  A.  DUNLOP,  Stoker,  H.M.S.  "  Magi- 
cienne,"  drowned  at  Barbados,  2nd  June,  1893, 
aged  24. 

Col.  Sidney  Baynton  FARRELL,  commanding 
Royal  Engineers,  who  died  at  Barbados  7th  Sept., 
1879,  aged  50. 


Gr.  Dennis  FARRELL,  6/1  C.P.D.,  R.A.,  died 
October,  1885,  aged  38  years. 

Susanna  FORSYTH,  died  1880. 

Col.  Donald  Alexander  FRAZER,  Royal  En- 
gineers, died  August  5th,  1881,  aged  52  years  ; 
also  to  Annie,  only  daughter  of  late  Capt.  Nassau 
STEPHENS,  94tH  Regt.,  and  step-daughter  of  Mrs. 
D.  A.  Frazer,  died  August  2nd,  1881,  aged  37  years. 

Carl  GALLE. 

James  GIBBONS,  Military  Store  Department, 
died  27th  July,  1883,  aged  60  years  ;  also  his  wife, 
Catherine  GIBBONS,  died  2nd  August,  1904. 

Joseph  Fitzherbert  GITTENS,  Royal  Artillery, 
son  of  Francis  Gittens. 

Hector,  son  of  J.  E.  and  Bandmaster  A.  GRAY, 
born  5th May,  '86,  died  llth  August,  '91. 

Edward  GREVES. 

Lance-Corporal  J.  HALL,  died  1883;  Band,  1st 
Bat.  Royal  Scots. 

Cecil,  son  of  M.  E.  and  Sergeant  R.  I.  HALL,  died 
February  15th,  1893,  aged  17  days  ;  also  their  son 
Walter  Henry,  died  22nd  February,  1893,  aged 
1  year  and  5  months. 

Edward  HAMILTON,  Stoker,  H.M.S.  "  Pallas," 
died  7th  March,  1897,  24  years. 

Pte.  Timothy  HAMILTON,  D  Coy.,  2nd  Bat., 
Leinster  Regt.,  died  August  8th,  1899,  aged  27 
years. 

Mary  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Sergeant  S.  E.  HAYNES, 
2nd  W.  I.  Regiment,  died  1875. 

Harriet  Jane  Victoria,  wife  of  Major  HOBBS. 

Sergeant  T.  HOLDER,  died  1878. 

Angelina  HOWARD,  died  1914. 

D.  HYDE.     (See  ROYAL  ARTILLERY.) 

John  Henry  JAMES,  Stoker,  died  27th  August, 
1899,  buried  at  sea ;  H.S.M.  "  Tribute." 

Jane  JOHNSTON,  wife  of  Corp.  R.  Johnston,  1st 
W.I.  Regt.,  died  1878. 

Maud  Lizette  Marian  JONES,  died  1885; 
Henrietta  Louise  Lemoon  JONES,  died  1879. 

Colour-Sergt.  Robert  JONES,  29th  Regiment, 
died  1872. 

Arthur  Staveley  Clive  JUSTICE,  died  July  12th, 
1881,  aged  4J  months. 

John  KELLY,  R.A.,  died  22nd  February,  1905, 
aged  70  years. 

Gerald  Pearson  King  Harman,  infant  son  of 
Major  Waldron  E.  R.  KELLY,  Assistant  Military 
Secretary,  died  22nd  June,  1888. 

Colour-Sergeant  M.  KINSEALA,  98th  Regiment, 
died  15th  June,  1814  (?),  aged  44  years. 

John  KNELLER,  died  1875. 

Janie,  dearly  loved  child  of  Major  G.  C. 
KNOCKER,  D.A.A.G.,  born  2nd  June,  1890,  died 
22nd  March,  1896. 

Captain  E.  LAWLESS,  A.P.  Depart.,  died 
August  16th,  1881,  aged  42. 

Lieutenant  T.  E.  LE  BLANC,  1st  Bat.  The  King's 
Own  Royal  Lancaster  Regiment,  who  died  of  yellow 
fever  at  St.  Anns,  Barbados,  on  the  28th  July,  1881, 
aged  26  years.. 

In  memory  of  the  men  of  the  IST  BAT.  LETCES- 
TERS  IRE  REGIMENT,  who  died  while  stationed  at 
Barbados  during  the  years  1893-94-95.  .  .  .  Erected 
by  Capt.  Barnardiston,  Officers  and  Ship's  Com- 
pany of  H.M.S.  "  Rover." 

Pte.  R.  LENOIR,  died  1879. 

George  LIER  and  his  wife,  died  1879. 

No.  3568,  Pte.  Bernard  LYONS,  2nd  Bat. 
Leinster  Regiment,  died  July  4th,  1899,  aged  25 
years. 


12  S.  X.  JAN.  14,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


25 


Pte.  William  MANNING,  53rd  Regt.,  died  1870, 
January  10th,  aged  26  years. 

Elizabeth  J.  MANNS,  daughter  of  B.  D.  N.  J. 
Manns. 

Walter  H.  MARSH,  Warder,  M.P.D.,  died  28th 
November,  1899,  aged  38. 

Ethel,  daughter  of  Warder  W.  H.  MARSH, 
M.P.D.,  died  1887. 

Pte.  J.  MATHEWSON,  died  1878. 

W.  H.  MAUSER,  Bugler,  R.M.L.I.,  H.M.S. 
"  Volage,"  died  January  27th,  1888,  aged  16  years. 

Annie  Emma  MAYERS. 

Pte.  John  McEvoY,  35th  Regiment,  died  1876. 

Alison  Jamieson,  wife  of  Bandmaster  A.  I. 
McGiLL,  died  9th  June,  1888,  aged  24  years. 

Archibald  MCNEIL,  Seaman,  H.M.S.  "  Tour- 
maline," died  in  hospital  at  Barbados,  17th  May, 
1894,  aged  19. 

Stephen  MEARS,  Band,  98th  Regt.,  died  10th 
April,  1874,  aged  15. 

Lilian,  daughter  of  Warder  A.  B.  MOPFAT, 
M.R.D.,  and  his  wife  Margaret  Ann,  died  November 
1st,  1895,  aged  5  years  and  7  months. 

Pte.  Patrick  MULL  ANY,  35th  Regt.,  died  1877. 

C.  NASH,  Canteen  Manager,  3rd  Lane.  Fusiliers, 
died  16th  March,  1902,  aged  53.  Formerly 
served  as  Officers'  Mess  Colour-Sergeant  in  the 
Rifle  Brigade. 

Harriet  Maria,  beloved  wife  of  Col.  NICOLLS, 
R.A.,  and  daughter  of  Rev.  C.  Y.  Crawley,  rector 
of  Taynton,  Gloucester,  born  5th  December,  1840, 
died  26th  July,  1881  ;  also  Georgina  Harriet, 
dear  child  of  above,  born  30th  March,  1876,  died 
28th  July,  1881. 

No.  5814,  Lance-Corporal  Henry  NORTON, 
E  Company,  4th  Worcester  Regt.,  died  13th 
October,  1904,  aged  24. 

George  PACKHAM,  Ordy.  Seaman,  H.M.S. 
"  Canada,"  died  1st  November,  1893,  aged  18 
years  and  9  months. 

In  memory  of  John  L.  PARRETT,  A.B.,  died  at 
Barbados,  8th  July,  1900,  aged  22  years  ;  also  of 
Alfred  WALKER,  A.B.,  drowned  at  sea,  October 
29th,  1898,  aged  23  years,  both  of  H.M.S.  "  Pro- 
serpine." Erected  by  their  shipmates. 

Seymour  Blanshard  PEMBERTON,  Lieut.,  2nd 
West  India  Regiment,  who  died  of  yellow  fever, 
7th  October,  1881,  aged  25  years. 

Staff  Sergt.  W.  G.  PETTIFER,  died  1880. 

Fred  POWER,  Private,  2nd  Duke  of  Welling- 
ton's Regiment,  died  22nd  August,  1891,  aged  20. 

Frank  QUINN,  Qr. -Master  Sergeant,  2nd  Bat. 
Leinster  Regiment,  died  6th  September,  1901, 
aged  34  years. 

William  Henry  RICHARD  (child),  died  1876. 

Pte.  G.  RICHARDS,  died  1879. 

Surgn.  James  RONAYNE,  A.M.D.,  died  of 
yellow  fever,  10th  Aug.,  1881,  aged  25  years. 

The  Officers,  N.C.O.'s  and  men  of  No.  17  Batt., 
Western  Division,  ROYAL  ARTILLERY,  to  the 
memory  of  Gr.  F.  Soden  ;  Gr.  R.  Waters  ;  Sergt.  W. 
Scotney  ;  Gr.  D.  Hyde  ;  Gr.  F.  Sandell ;  Gr.  J. 
Bridger,  who  died  at  Barbados,  1885-1890. 

F.  SANDELL.     (See  ROYAL  ARTILLERY.) 

W.  SCOTNEY.     (See  ROYAL  ARTILLERY.) 

Bandsman  W.  J.  SEIMONDS,  2nd  Batt.  Prince 
of  Wales  Leinster  Regiment,  died  March  14th, 
1899. 

Corpl.  John  SHEEKY,  2nd  Batt.  Leinster 
Regiment,  Royal  Canadians,  died  March  21st, 
4899,  aged  26  years. 


James  SIMS,  Naval  School  Master  of  H.M.S. 
"  Bacchante,"  died  1880. 

William  SMITHSON,  Bandsman,  1st  Batt. 
Yorkshire  Regiment,  died  December  4th,  1887, 
aged  27  years. 

F.  SODEN.     (See  ROYAL  ARTILLERY.) 

George  William  SPENCER,  Engine  Room  Arti- 
ficer,  H.M.S.  "  Magicienne,"  died  at  Barbados, 
22nd  March,  1893,  aged  40. 

Annie  STEPHENS.     (See  FRAZER.) 

Lance- Sergt.  John  STEVENS,  53rd  Regiment, 
who  died  at  Barbados,  1870,  4th  January,  aged 
25  years. 

Henry  Fritz  STOCHELL,  died  March  30th, 
1872,  aged  42. 

James  Abbott  SUGMUR. 

James  TAIT,  died  1885. 

Jane,  beloved  wife  of  S.  Qr.  Mr.  Sergt.  H. 
TAYLOR,  A.S.C.,  died  Sept.  12th,  1890/aged  56  years. 

W.  F.  TEGG,  A.B.,  H.M.S.  "Pallas,"  died 
2nd  May,  1896,  aged  22  years. 

William  THOMAS,  aged  24  years,  of  Norwich, 
England,  Dr.,  H.M.S.  "  Immortalite,"  went 
home  May  7th,  1871. 

George  THOMPSON,  Private,  R.M.L.I.,  died 
June  1st,  1906,  34  years.  Erected  by  officers  of 
the  H.M.S.  "  Indefatigable." 

Private  M.  TOY,  No.  5854,  F.  Company,  4th 
Worcester  Regiment,  died  20th  May,  1904. 

Charles  W.  TUMNER  (of  Deal,  England), 
Seaman,  H.M.S.  "  Tourmaline." 

Private  Richard  TYRELL,  53rd  Regiment,  who 
died  at  Barbados,  1870,  6th  January,  aged  28  years. 

Emma  Cecilia,  widow  of  Major  James  UNIACK, 
R.M.,  of  Arraglyn,  Co.  Cork.,  died  at  Shot  Hall, 
Jan.  12th,  1881,  aged  78  years. 

Alfred  WALKER.     (See  PARRETT.) 

Corp.  Sergt.  James  WALLACE,  died  1878. 

Private  Thomas  WALTON,  1st  East  Yorkshire 
Regiment,  died  12th  August,  1887,  aged  21 
years.  Erected  by  the  officers  and  men  of  his 
Company. 

William  WARD,  Capt's.  Steward,  H.M.S. 
"  Canada,"  died  24th  May,  1862. 

Mary  Elinor  WARD  (ne'e  Reede),  died  llth 
August,  1881,  and  of  her  husband  Surgeon- 
Major  Espirie  WARD,  F.R.C.S.I.,  died  22nd 
August,  1881.  This  stone  is  erected  by  Thos. 
Picton  Reede,  father  of  former,  and  by  Dr.  M.  A. 
Ward,  brother  of  the  latter. 

R.  WATERS.     (See  ROYAL  ARTILLERY.) 

Julia,  daughter  of  Sergt. -Major  W.  A.  WEBB, 
1st  E.Y.  Regiment,  died  1888. 

Frank,  died  August  3rd,  1901,  aged  6  weeks, 
and  Florence  Miriam,  died  Aug.  4th,  1902, 
children  of  Albert  and  Miriam  M.  WELL,  Royal 
Army  Medical  Corps. 

David  WHEATLEY,  Sergeant  of  18th  Company, 
W.D.,  R.A.,  died  14th  August,  1892,  age  35. 

Thomas  Charles  Lane  WHEATLEY,  son  of 
Major  C.  R.  S.  Wheatley,  18/7  R.A.,  who  died 
of  yellow  fever,  14th  Aug.,  1881,  aged  3  years. 

Joseph  John  William  WHIN  AM,  died   1885. 

Joseph  John  Fox  WHIN  AM,  died  1888. 

Sarah  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Sergt.  W.  H.  WILSON, 
H.M.  97th  Regiment. 

Pte.  J.  WILSON,  died  1879. 

Lottie    WORRISON,     William    Eric   WORRISON 
Gordon  Mackay  WORRISON,  children,  died  1885. 
ALGERNON  ASPINALL. 


26 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[12S.  X.  TAX.  14,  1922. 


PRINCIPAL   LONDON   COFFEE-HOUSES,   TAVERNS,  AND   INNS   IN  THE 

EIGHTEENTH   CENTURY. 

(See  12  S.  vii.  485 ;  ix.  85,  105,  143,  186,  226,  286,  306,  385,  426,  504,  525.) 


(An  asterisk  denotes  that  the  house  still  exists  as  a  tavern,  inn  or  public -house 
— in  many  cases  rebuilt.) 


Sutler's 
Swan 


Swan     .  . 

Swan 

Swan     .  * 

Swan  (White  Swan) 


Swan 

Swan 
Swan 
Swan 

Swan 

*Swan          ..^ 

*Swan 

Swan 

Swan 

Swan  « . ,  ' 

Swan 

Swan 

Swan  and  Hoop 


Xew  Street,  Fetter  Lane 
Whitechapel 


Whitecross  Street 
Borough  . ,. 

Norton  Folgate,  east  side 
Holborn  Bridge,  opposite  Fleet 
Market 


Long    Lane,    near    Aldersgate 

Street 

Arundel  Street,  Strand 
Strand,  near  St.  Martin's  Lane 
Ludgate  Street 

Shoreditch 


Bays  water 

Knightsbridge   (now   4 

Sloane  Street) . . 
Kennington 

Stockwell 

Lambeth 
Fulham 
Battersea 
Cornhill    . 


Swan  with  Two  Necks    Opposite  Hick's  Hall,  St.  John's 
Street,  Clerkenwell 

*Swan  and  Two  Necks  Whetstone.  N.20 


1753     Levander,  A.Q.C.,  vol.  xxx.,  1916. 

1757  Daily  Advertiser,  May  G.  "  To  be 
sold,  a  very  good  single  horse 
chaise  made  new  last  July  and 
very  little  used.  To'  be  seen  at 
Mr.  Grumry's,  the  Swan  Inn, 
Whitechapel." 

1763     Hale,  A.Q.C.,  vol.  xx.,  1907. 

1780     Public  Advertiser,  Sept.  14. 

1708     'A  New  View  of  London,'  i.  81. 

1677  Ogilvy  and  Morgan's  '  London  Sur- 
vey'd.' 

1708     'A  New  View  of  London,'  i.  80. 

1732  '  Parish  Clerks'  Remarks  of  London,, 
p.  382. 

1734  T.  Shaw  to  Sir  Hans  Sloane,  Nov.  29. 
Brit.  Mus. 

1745     Bocque's  '  Survey/ 

1708     'A  New  View  of  London,'  i.  80. 

Larwood,  p.  213. 

1708     '  A  New  View  of  London,'  i.  80. 
. „      1723     Lane's  '  Handy  Book,'  p.  169. 

—  Parker's  '  Variegated  Characters/ 
1749     Heiron's      '  Ancient     Freemasonry,' 

1921. 
1793     London   Museum :     drawing   by    P. 

Sandy  (A6904). 

and    5,       —       Old  house  pulled  down,    1788, 
Larwood,  p.  215. 

—  London  Museum  :    sketch  by  J.  T. 

Wilson,  (A22049). 

—  London  Museum  :    sketch  by  J.  T. 

Wilson  (A22050). 

—  Larwood,  p.  213. 
1740     Thornbury,  vi.  523. 

..        —       Larwood,  p.  213. 
. .      1720     Daily  Post,  Oct.  7. 

1733  Daily  Post,  Aug.  6.  "...  Whereas 
sundry  goods  have  been  fraudu- 
lently'taken  out  of  the  East  India 
Company's  Warehouses  to  the 
great  prejudice  of  the  right 
owners,  in  order  to  prevent  the 
like  practice  for  the  future  you 
are  desired  to  meet  at  the  Swan 
and  Hoop  Tavern  in  Cornhill  on 
Wednesday  the  8th  inst.  at  11  in 
the  forenoon." 

1708     '  A  New  View  of  London,'  i.  81. 

1732     '  Parish  Clerks'  Remarks  of  London,' 
p.  389. 

1745     Bocque's  '  Survey,' 

1725  Mist's  Weekly  Journal,  Dec.  25. 
"  A  fire  broke  out  some  days  ago 
at  the  Swan  and  Two  Necks  at 
Whetstone  through  the  careless- 
ness of  a  servant,  but  after  burning 
the  upper  part  of  the  house  in 
which  it  began,  it  was  happily 
extinguished." 


i2S.x.jAx.i4,i922.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


27 


Sword  Blade 


Svnaonds  Inn 


Corner  of  Exchange  Alley  and 
Birchiii  Lane 


Chancery  Lane    .  . 


Talbot 


1777 

Strand,      south     side,    between     1677 
Surrey  Street  and  Naked  Boy 
Court.  1708 

1720 


Talbot  .  .  . .  Whitechapel,  south  side,  be- 
tween the  "  White  Swan  "  and 
the"  Bed  Cow  " 

Temple  Eating  House     Near  Temple  Bar 


1718     Larwood,  p.   324. 

1720     Daily  Courant,  Sept.  28;  Oct.  31. 

1748     Plan  of  Great  Fire,  B.E.A.C. 

'  N.  &  Q.,'   Dec.   9,  1916,  p.   461. 
Kept  by  Newington. 

1757  Daily  Advertiser,  May  6.  "  Wanted, 
a  journeyman  apothecary,  who 
hath  been  used  to  serve  in  a  retail 
shop.  As  he  will  breakfast,  dine 
and  sup  with  his  master,  none  need 
apply  but  sober  genteel  men,  and 
such  as  can  bear  confinement. 
Enquire  at  Symond's  Inn  Coffee 
House,  Chancery  Lane." 
Daily  Advertiser,  June  2l. 
Ogilvy  and  Morgan's  '  London 

Survey 'd.' 

'  A  New  View  of  London.'  i.  81. 
Daily  Courant,  July  2.  "At  the 
Talbot  Inn,  the  corner  of  Surrey 
Street,  near  the  Maypole  in  the 
Strand,  is  a  pair  of  able  coach 
mares,  a  coach  and  chariot,  to  be 
sold,  a  penniworth,  belonging  to  a 

fentleman  lately  deceased.  Either 
he  innkeeper  or  Michael  the 
coachman  will  shew  them." 

1732  «  Parish  Clerks'  Bemarks  of  London,' 
p.  382. 

1745     Bocque's  '  Survey.' 

1759     Public  Advertiser,  Mar. 

1777     Daily  Advertiser,  June  21. 

1789  '  Life's  Painter  of  Variegated  Charac- 
ters.' 


1745     Bocque's  '  Survey.' 


(To  be  continued.) 


Sadler's        '  Masonic       Facts 
Fictions,'   1887,  p.  82. 

J.  PAUL  DE  CASTRO. 


and 


A    PARLIAMENTARY    ELECTION     IN 
THE    SEVENTEENTH   CENTURY. 

THE  following  account  of  a  by-election 
at  Southwark  for  the  Long  Parliament  on 
March  15,  1666,  was  written  to  John  Smyth 
of  Nibley,  Glos.,  by  his  son  Edward  Smyth, 
a  bencher  of  the  Middle  Temple,  one  of 
His  Majesty's  judges  for  the  circuit  of 
South  Wales  and  High  Steward  of  the 
Borough  of  Southwark.  From  it  one 
may  gather  that  the  open  poll  offered 
certain  advantages,  as  Edward  Smyth  was 
able  to  estimate  the  number  of  his  sup- 
porters and  judge  it  expedient — probably 
on  the  score  of  expense  among  other  con- 
siderations— to  offer  the  seat  to  his  opponent, 
Sir  Thomas  Clarges,  a  politician  who  achieved 
some  reputation  in  his  time. 

Sr 

I  have  at  last  determined  my  troublesome 
busines  to  the  satisfaction  of  my  friends  and  I 
think  not  to  my  owne  disadvantage.  On  Tuesday, 
\he  bayliffe  at  10H  charge  divided  the  Artilery 


ground  in  horsey  downe  intending  to  make  the 
election  there  ye  day  following,  wch  the  same 
night  soe  soone  as  ye  pale  was  well  up,  was  counter- 
manded by  a  letter  from  my  lord  Generall.  The 
next  morning  two  companies  of  foot  were  sent 
over,  the  one  possessed  the  Hall ;  where  the 
writt  was  to  be  read,  the  other  the  Artilery 

f round  011  Horsey  downe  ;  about  8  in  ye  morning 
r  Tho  Clarges  had  gotten  a  party  about  him  by 
rideing  from  Horsey  downe  All  up  ye  streetes 
to  St  Margaretts  hill ;  wch  being  added  to  that 
vast  multitude  wch  he  had  amassed  together 
from  Newington,  Lambeth,  Westm  &c  were 
guessed  at  about  2000  :  of  wch  about  500  were 
allowed  by  ye  spectators  to  be  inhabitants  & 
able  to  passe  ye  poll  :  with  these  he  possessed 
St  Margaretts  Hill  soe  full,  that  noe  roome  could 
be  left  for  my  friends  ;  about  9  of  ye  clock  I 
gott  on  Horseback  at  ye  further  end  of  All  the 
liberty  below  ye  Tower,  &  rode  up  ye  streets 
All  the  way  to  St  Margaretts  Hill :  when  ye 
writt  was  to  be  read :  At  ye  meat  market, 
I  placed  two  sober  men,  to  tell  what  number  I 
had  ;  ye  place  being  streight,  &  my  company 
marching  orderly  4  in  a  ranke,  who  agreed  1530 
and  some  odd  :  and  that  when  ye  other  party 
!  were  garbled  of  All  their  unpollable  men,  I  must 
!  necessarily  carry  it  by  great  odds  :  when  I  came 


28 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[12  S.  X.  JAX.  14,  1922. 


to  ye  hill,  I  made  a  shift  to  gett  up  to  the  scaffold 
where    ye  writ  was  read,  wch  was    filld    by  my 
lord   Craven  Sr  Ph  Howard   &  many  others   of 
ye  Court,    soe  that  my  lord  maifor]   who  came 
downe    to    countenance     ye     selection     agaynst 
me,    was   forced   to   stand    in    ye     street    in   ye 
crowd  :    The  writt  being  read,    &  the   cry   loud, 
on  both   sides  ;    I    demanded    the    poll,    and  an 
adjornement  to   a   convenient  place   to   take   it, 
wch   my  Lord  mai  required  should  be  St  Georges 
fields,    but   I   insisted   that   Horsey   Downe   was 
the  fittest  place.     To  wch  the  bayliffe  presently 
adjorned   till   two   of   the   clock ;     My  lord   mai j 
offended    hereat    went   streight    to    ye    councell, 
and  complained  of  the  disobedience  of  his  officer, 
and  prayed  an  order  of  ye  counsell  requiring  the 
bayliffe  to  adjorne  to    St  Georges  fields  wch  he 
obteyned  &  sent  it  over  to  us  in  the  evening. 
At  two  of  ye  clock,  in  ye  afternoone  on  Wednesday, 
I   came   up  to  ye  place    appoynted  for  ye    poll, 
wch  my  friends  had  so  fully  possessed    that  Sr 
Tho  Clarges  could  not  come  near,  and  designed 
to  have  polld  of  as  many  as  I  could  that  evening  :  ' 
as  the  bayliffe  was  beginning  the  poll,  I  receved  j 
a  message  from  Sr  Th  Clarges  to  speake  with  me, 
wch  with  difficulty  enough  I  obeyed,    and  came  i 
to     him     when   he    objected    to    ye    streightnes  < 
of   ye    place    and  that  he    had    noe    friends    up  ! 
nor  any  clerke   wch    he    could    trust,    &    desired  j 
me  to  consent  to  meet  him  at  6  in  ye  evening, 
with  five  of  a  side  &  noe  more  where  we  would 
agree  of  a  regular  proceeding  on  both  sides,  and 
fitt  or  selves  for  ye  poll  the  next  morning  and  soe 
we  adjorned  till  8  of  yfc  clock  acordingly  :    When 
we  were  mett  with  5  of  a  side,  at  6  of  ye  clock 
according  to  or  agreement,  the  bayliffe  was  served 
with  an  order  from  ye  counsell,  Requiring  him  ! 
to  take   the   poll   in   St   Georges   fields   and '  not ' 
elsewhere   at  his   perill.     When  now   I   saw  the  j 
elction  to  be  soe  much  under  a  force  And  the  j 
place  for  ye  poll  soe  much   to  my  disadvantage,  I 
I  calld  about  20  of    my  cheifest    supporters  to 
me   and   prayed   their   advice   what   to   doe,    18  : 
whereof  were  positive,  not  to  lay  it  downe.     The  j 
next  morning  acording  to  their  advice  I  tooke  j 
horse  agayne  and  rode  All  along  from  my  lodging  I 
to  horsey  Downe  where  ye  adjornemt  was  to  be  j 
made,  and  soe  back  agayne  through  ye  street  to 
St  Georges  fields  ;   And  now  I  found  my  Numbers  ! 
grow  thiner  soe  that  when  I  came  into  ye  field  i 
I  called  about  30  of  ye  most  substantiall  men  I  i 
had,  who  had  well  observed  All  these  proceedings,  I 
&  desired  their  advice,  professing  to  them  that  I 
as  I  first  undertooke  to  stand  at  their  request, 
and  had   conducted   it  hitherto  by  their  advice, 
soe  would  I  keepe  my  word  with  them,  &  not 
give  it  up  without  their  consents  and  they  upon 
consideration  of  All  circumstances  now  advised 
that  if  it  myght  be  kindly  taken  it  would  be  fitt 
to  give  it  up  without  polling  one  man.     After  I 
had  taken  this  advice  I  went  to  Sr  Tho  Clarges, 
&   profered   him   the   election,   if  he   thought  it 
worthy  his  acceptance,  and  that  if  he  thought 
it  not  a  courtisye  I  did  not  doubt  but   notwth- 
standing    my    thiuer    apearance    I    could    well  | 
maintein  the  poll  till  Saterday  night.      He  told  i 
me  he  did  take  it  as  a  great  respect  done  him,  j 
after  wch   we  both  came  together  to   ye    place  ! 
appoynted    to   take   ye    poll,    where   in   a   short 
speech    to    ye    people    I    recommended     Sr    Tho 
Clarges  to  them  and  perswaded  my  friends  to  { 


vote  for  him,  wch  was  done  to  the  good  content 
of  All :  Sr  Tho  Clarges  &  I  raising  20  of  each 
of  ye  partyes,  to  seal  the  Indentures,  and  soe  or 
busines  ended  :  Whether  the  difference  between 
ye  bayliffe  and  my  lord  mai  may  end  soe  well 
or  noe  I  cannot  say,  but  I  find  ye  Aldermen 
willing  to  defend  him  &  my  selfe  bound  in  All 
honesty  to  stick  to  him  for  he  hath  done  nothing 
unworthy  his  place  :  I  have  gien  you  this  long 
relation  of  the  busines  to  prevent  all  mistakes 
about  it,  and  whatsoever  you  may  hear  of  it 
you  may  assure  yor  selfe  this  is  ye  truth.  I 
shall  now  make  what  haste  I  can  out  of  towne 
when  I  have  seen  All  my  scores  payd  wch  have 
run  higher  than  ever  I  would  imagine,  though  in 
noe  proportion  to  ye  other  side,  Sr  Tho  Clarges 
his  bills  amounting  to  above  700H  as  I  am  in- 
formed and  after  All  this  I  hope  you  will  excuse 
me  if  I  add  noe  more  than  that  I  am 
Yor  most  observt  sone 

EDW  :  SMYTH 

Southw 

Saterd  March  17th 

ROLAND  AUSTIK. 

Gloucester. 

PROVINCIAL    BOOKSELLERS, 
AJX   1714. 

THE  following  names  are  extracted  from 
the  Lists  of  Subscribers  to  Jeremy  Collier's 
'  Ecclesiastical  History,'  vol.  ii.,  and  Walker's 
'  Sufferings  of  the  Clergy,'  both  pub- 
lished at  the  close  of  Queen  Anne's  reign. 
A  few  names  are  duplicated,  among  them 
that  of  the  father  of  Dr.  Johnson. 

COLLIER. 
Bury Ralph  Watson. 

C  Mr.  Jeffreys. 
Cambridge      . .          . .  |  Ml,  Thurlebame^ 

Chippenham  .  .      Roger  Warne. 

Dublin  ..          ..     Mr.    Hide. 

(Abraham  Ashwortfa. 
Durham  ..          ••^William    Freeman. 

Hull Thomas   Ryles. 

Leeds  . .          .  .      John  Swall  (Swale), 

Litchfield        . .          . .     Michael   Johnson. 
Manchester     . .          .- .     William   Clayton. 

(  Joseph  Button. 
Newcastle       . .          .  .  | Rich^rcL  Bandai]. 

Northampton  .  .      John    Fowle(r). 

Norwich          . .          .  •     Mr.    Goddard. 

fMr.    Clements. 
Oxori  . .  .  .  <  Mr.  Piesly. 

(Mr.  Wilmot. 

Plymouth        .  .          .  .      Benjamin  Smithurst. 
Sheffeild          .  .          .  .     Nevil   Simonds. 
Witchurch      . .          . .      Jonathan  Taylor. 
Wolverhampton         .  .      George   Unite. 
Worcester        .  .          .  .      John  Montforci. 
Yarmouth       . .          .  .     Mr.   Gray. 
York Mr.  Billiard.  (25) 


Cambridge 
Canterbury     .  . 
Chichester 
Chippenham  .  . 


WALKER. 

.  .      T.   Webster. 

Edward  Burgess. 
. .     Mr.   Webb. 

Mr.  Warne. 


1-2  S.  X.JAN.  14,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


29 


Colchester       . .  .  .      James  Blithe. 

Dorchester      . .          .  .      Robert  Gaylavd. 
Dublin  . .          .  .     Richard  Gunne. 

Durham  . .          . .     Mr.  Freeman. 

Evesham         .  .          . .     Mr.  Loveday. 

C  Philip  Bishop. 
Exon  . .          . .  •<  John  Marsh. 

(.Edward  Score. 
Hereford         . .          .  .      James  Wilde. 

Hull Thomas  Ryles. 

Leeds  . .          . .     John  Swale. 

T  eicester  £  Mr-  Heartshorn. 

'•  {  Simon  Marten. 

Lichfield          . .          . .     Michael  Johnson. 
Lincoln  . .          .  .     Mr.  Knight. 

Manchester     .  .          . .     Mr.  Clayton. 
Newcastle       . .          . .     Rich.  Randall. 
Northampton  . .     John  Fowler. 

Nottingham    . .          . .     Will.  Ward. 

("H.  Clements,  senior. 
Oxford  . .          . .  ]  Anth.  Peisly. 

(J.  Wilmot. 

Peterborough              . .     Mr.  Bouchier. 
Plymouth        . .          . .     Mr.  Smithurst. 
St.  Edmundsbury      . .      Ralph  Watson,  ]un. 
Sher  bourne     . .           .  .      John  Cook. 
Whitchurch    .  .          . .     Mr.  Taylor. 
Wolverhamptoii         .  .      George  Unite. 
Worcester        . .           . .      J.  Montford. 
York Francis  Hildyard. 

John  Walker  (1674-1747)  appears  to  have 
belonged  entirely  to  Devon.  But  he  must 
have  had  friends  in  Essex,  for  about  fifty  of 
his  subscribers  lived  in  Colchester.  It  is 
worth  notice  that  no  Bristol  bookseller  is 
mentioned  in  the  foregoing  lists.  Richard 
Brickdale  of  Bristol,  grocer,  did  subscribe 
for  Walker's  '  Sufferings.'  Manchester,  on 
the  other  hand,  was  almost  a  village  in  the 
time  of  Queen  Anne,  yet  it  had  a  book- 
seller. RICHARD  H.  THORNTON. 


EDWARD  FITZGERALD  :  E.  F.  G. — Those 
who  claim  to  know  most  about  the  transla- 
tor of  Omar  Khayyam  have  told  us  that 
it  is  wrong  to  write  "  Fitzgerald  "  with  a 
small  "  g,"  as  the  abbreviation  "  E.  F-G.  " 
suggests.  Lately,  however,  a  Cambridge 
friend  who  comes  from  Woodbridge  showed 
me  a  series  of  FitzGerald's  signed  notes 
extending  over  several  years,  and  they  do  not 
support  the  assumption  that  he  never  wrote 
"  Fitzgerald."  Indeed,  that  form  seems 
his  latest  choice  in  the  way  of  spelling.  In 
1879  he  wrote  his  name  with  a  big  "  G  "  in 
the  middle  of  it.  In  the  later  autographs  the 
*'  G,"  so  far  as  I  and  my  friend  can  discern,  is 
a  small  one.  Similarly  he  wrote  "  Little- 
grange  " — the  name  of  his  house — in  his 
last  years  as  one  word  continuously  with  a 
small  "  g,"  whereas  he  had  written  it 
earlier  as  "Little  Grange."  The  first 


mention  of  the  house  in  his  '  Letters  to 
Fanny  Kemble  '  is  in  1874,  p.  43  ;  and  on 
the  same  page  is  a  reference  to  "  such  a 
delicious  bit  "  of  Spedding's  in  '  N.  &  Q.' 

The  notes  I  have  seen  show  that  the 
writer's  fondness  for  capital  letters  was  not 
confined  to  his  published  works.  V.  R. 

APPRENTICES  TO  AND  FROM  OVERSEAS. — 
The  Apprentice  Books  recently  discovered 
in  the  vaults  of  Somerset  House  should 
prove  of  great  interest  to  all  Americans 
anxious  to  trace  their  connexion  with  the 
Old  Country.  In  a  search  extending  over 
some  months  many  American  names  have 
been  noticed  :  Taft,  Washington,  Garfield, 
Francklin,  House,  Baxter,  Lincoln,  Page,  &c. 

These  records  also  give  particulars  of 
American  boys  apprenticed  in  England,  as 
instance  : — 

5  June  1717.  Leon  Augustus  son  of  Leon  Augus- 
tus Carter,  late  of  York  River  in  Gloucester  County 
in  ye  Province  of  Virginia,  Planter,  apprenticed 
to  James  Debraufree,  Citizen  and  Clockmaker. 
Consideration  £25.  (Inland  Revenue  1/6-136.) 

English  boys  apprenticed  to  Americans  are 
also  to  be  found : — 

22  Aug.  1728.  James  son  of  Thomas  Penn  of 
Chipping  Wycomb,  Bucks,  apprenticed  to  John 
Harding  of  ye  Province  of  Pensilvania,  Miller. 
(Inland  Revenue  1/6-81.) 

It  may  be  as  well  to  state  that  these 
registers  of  apprenticeships  are  a  record  of 
the  tax  levied  on  indentures  at  the  rate  of 
sixpence  in  the  pound  for  sums  under  £50, 
and  one  shilling  for  sums  over  £50,  the 
period  covered  being  from  1710-1810, 
parentage  being  given  in  most  cases  down 
to  1752.  Scotland  and  Wales  are  included 
in  this  return,  but  not  Ireland. 

The  genealogical  value  of  this  record  is 
immense,  as  it  forms  a  central  register  of 
parentage  for  a  large  proportion  of  our 
population,  many  years  before  the  birth 
records  at  Somerset  House  commence. 

It  only  remains  to  say  that  the  Society 

of   Genealogists    of    London   is   making   an 

alphabetical  digest  of  these  apprenticeship 

lists,  and  has  already  reached  the  year  1716. 

GERALD    FOTHERGILL. 

11,  Brussels  Road,  New  Wandsworth,  S.W.U. 

INEQUALITY  or  POSTAL  RATES. — There 
are  less  curious  facts  than  this  recorded 
for  the  information  of  posterity :  At 
Christmastide,  1921,  it  was  possible  to 
send  a  printed  card  to  Uganda  for  a  half- 
penny, whereas  if  you  addressed  a  like 
communication  to  your  next-door  neigh- 
bour, Government  would  not  carry  it  to 
him  for  less  than  a  penny.  ST.  SWITHIN. 


30  NOTES  AND  QUERIES.          f  12 S.X.JAN.  14,1922. 


CAEN  WOOD. — The  pending  sale  and  hoped- 
for  purchase  for  public  use  of  Caen  Wood 
calls  for  some  further  notice  in  these  columns. 
The  house,  the  very  beautiful  grounds  and 
their  associations  will  be  familiar  to  many, 
because  they  have  by  constant  allusion 
become  as  well  known  as  the  Palace  of 
Hampton  Court.  This  should  ensure  its 
preservation,  and  will  if  the  matter  is  dealt 


"DEAR  CLIFFORD'S  SEAT." — At  a  village 
near  Stratford-on-Avon,  called  in  *  Poly- 
olbion ' 

dear  Clifford's  seat  (the  place  of  health  and  sport), 
Which  many  a  time  hath  been  the  Muse's  quiet 

port, 

I   believe  that  a  record  has  recently  been 
established,     proving    that    Drayton    was 

correct    in    calling    this    picturesque    spot      .._„,_„„ __. 

"  the  place  of  health."  In  1887  the  church  |  with  by  a  thoroughly  representative  corn- 
was  restored,  and  when  the  work  was  com- !  rnittee. 

pleted  a  new  team  of  ringers  was  appointed.  I  From  its  bibliography  I  would  select  for 
These  same  men  rang  many  changes  on  the  \  mention  the  late  Mr.  J.  H.  Lloyd's  '  Caen 
bells  without  a  change  among  themselves  j  Wood  and  its  Associations,'  originally  a 
until  1919,  32  years,  when  the  conductor  lecture  delivered  on  March  15,  1892,  and 
died,  and  his  brother,  not  wishing  to  con- ,  printed  by  request  of  the  members  of  some 
tmue  after  this  loss,  resigned.  Their  names  j  iocai  institution  before  whom  it  was  de- 
were  George  Lynes  (conductor),  James  j  iivered.  Its  iconography  is  also  abundant, 
Lynes,  William  Liveley,  John  Liveley,  Enoch  j  and  possibly  the  most  interesting  thing  in  this 
Liveley,  John  Bettridge  and  John  Salmon.  ;  is  a  colour-aquatint  after  F.  W.  Stockdale, 
John  Liveley  has  been  clerk  since  1887, !  published  in  oblong  8vo  early  in  the  nine- 
hayPS  tne£  succeeded  his  father,  who  had ,  teenth  century.  Of  MSS.  there  are  many, 
held  the  office  for  27  years.  i  apparently  unpublished,  in  a  local  private 

In  the  same  village  the  staff  of  eight  men  j  collection,  and  generally  there  is  no  lack  of 
working  at  tlie  mill  m  1919  had  lengths  of  |  material  illustrating  the  very  interesting 
service  ranging  from  30  years  to  upwards ;  record  of  the  house  and  its  estate,  yet  the 

JjJ*  !  diligent  journalists  have  dragged,  into  their 

™  ?St  TS  Were  commumcated  to  me  by  descriptive  appeals  an  allusion  to  Pope 
Mr.  John  James,  churchwarden,  who  an-  having  visited  the  old  Earl  here  (!).  Cole- 
nually  at  Christmas  invites  the  ringers  to  a  '  ri<jge  was  originally  responsible  for  this  error 
feast,  where  good  fare,  song  and  story  fill  (Qentlemaris  Magazine,  cited  by  Lloyd,  p. 
up  a  pleasant  evening.  F.  C.  MORGAN.  49).  The  first  Lord  Mansfield  was  not  in 

SUSSEX  PRONUNCIATION  OF  PLACE-NAMES.  !  Pf  sessj°*  to  entertain  Pope  until  1755, 
—The  late  Canon  Isaac  Taylor,  in  <  Words !  when  that  critic-poet  had  been  dead  eleven 
and  Places,'  traces  the  suffix  "ham"  to  |  V™™'  ^ The  ,secon^  Lord  Mansfield  was 
two  distinct  sources:  first,  ham,  or  home  evidently  responsible  for  laying  out  and 
(cf.  German  heim] ;  and,  secondly,  Mm,  an  Panting  the  grounds,  and  some  years  ago  I 
enclosure,  a  place  hemmed  in.  In  Sussex  !  §^SUn  th?rSe  P?ps  a,  !f  !frA fronL ^£00° 
this  distinction  appears  still  to  be  observed!  ?ff  William  Hamilton  dated  Aug.  29,  1793, 
in  the  pronunciation  of  place-names.  Some  I  m  wmch  occurs  the  f  ^owmg  allusion :- 
20  or  30  years  ago,  when  walking  in  West!  *u  le*[  ****  aT  Forfcnight  we  shall  return  to 
«„_  T  J-  A  '  f  c  i  iT  Kenwood,  where  I  am  carrying  on  very  extensive 

Sussex,  I  inquired  of  a  party  of  labourers  works.  offlces  now  absoiutely  necessary,  and  as 
the  way  to  Pallmgham.  I  was  at  once 
corrected :  "  Pallingham,"  said  one  of 
them,  who  almost  in  the  same  sentence 
mentioned  Stopham,  which  he  pronounced 
Stahp'm. 

The  accentuation  of  the  final  syllable  is, 
however,  a  Sussex  peculiarity,  e.g.,  Etching- 
ham,  Withyham,  Ardingly,  Seaforcl,  &c. 
A  rather  amusing  instance  of  this  came  to 
my  notice  when  walking  near  Haywards ! 


Lord  M-i  had  so  frequently  recommended  to  me 
the  Embellishment  of  Kenwood  I  resolved  that 
they  should  be  upon  a  handsome  plan.  This 
draws  on  an  addition  to  the  House,  &c.  I  had 
naturally  an  aversion  to  Brick  and  mortar,  but 
I  doubt  I  am  engaged  now  for  life.  The  Improve- 
ments out  of  Doors  I  shall  delight  in,  as  that  is  a 
subject  that  in  a  degree  at  least  I  understand. 
ALECK  ABRAHAMS. 

A    SINGULAR    REQUEST. — The    Times    of 


Heath  a  few  years  ago.  My  map  showed  a  Jan.  10,  1921  (p.  10),  records  that  a  Mr. 
footpath  near  a  farm  marked  Sidney  Farm,  |  S.  Radges,  who  had  recently  died  in  the 
and  I  inquired  whether  one  could  go  that  I  United  States,  paid  for  a  twenty-year  sub- 
way. "  Yes,"  was  the  reply ;  "  we  call  it  j  scription  to  his  local  newspaper,  directing 
Sidnye  here."  F.  ALBAN  BARRATTD.  j  that  a  copy  of  it  should  be  delivered  daily  at 

*  67,  Tooley  Street,  S.E.I.  the  vault  in  which  he  is  interred.       R.  B. 


12  S.  X.  JAN.  14,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


31 


©uerte*. 

WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
•formation  on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
•to  attix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries 
in  order  that  answers  may  be  sent  to  them  direct. 


DR.  .GIDEON  A.  MANTELL,  F.R.S. — The 
•portrait  of  this  distinguished  geologist,  by 
Masquerier,  hangs  in  the  rooms  of  the 
Royal  Society,  but  I  cannot  trace  a  bust  of 
him  by  Edward  M.  Richardson,  exhibited 
at  the  Royal  Academy  in  1855,  three  years 
after  Dr.  Mantell's  death.  It  is  desired  to 
place  a  profile  portrait  plaque  on  the  house 
in  Lewes  in  which  he  lived  whilst  making  his 
remarkable  discoveries  in  the  Sussex  Weald, 
•  and  for  this  the  bust  is  essential. 

Richardson  exhibited  45  pieces  of  sculp- 
ture between  1829  and  1866 — 28  of  them  in 
the  R.A.  SIDNEY  SPOKES. 

4,  Portland  Place,  W.I. 

BARON  GRANT. — When  and  where  did  the 
lines  about  Baron  Grant  originally  appear  ? 
In  *  The  Romance  of  Madame  Tussaud's  ' 
they  are  given  as  follows  : — 

Kings  can  titles  give,  but  honour  can't, 

So  title  without  honour's  but  a  barren  Grant. 

I  have  heard  them  quoted  differently : — - 
Honours  a  King  can  give,  honour  he  can't, 
Honours  without  honour  are  a  Baron  Grant. 

•Can  anyone  give  the  correct  version  ? 

G.  L. 

BEAUCHAMP;  MOSELEY  :  WOODHAM  (WoD- 
HAM).' — Can  any  reader  give  me  a  description 
•of  the  arms  of  these  three  families  ? 

An  heiress  of  a  Beauchamp  in  Essex 
married  a  Dawnay  in  King  Stephen's  reign. 
A  Moseley  heiress  of  Co.  York  manied  a 
Dawnay  in  or  about  the  year  1644,  and 
heiresses  of  the  Whitworth  family,  quartering 
Woodham  or  Wodham  of  Durham,  married 
a  Legard,  an  heiress  of  which  family  also 
married  a  Dawnay. 

ARTHUR  F.  G.  LEVESON  GOWER. 
Society  of  Antiquaries,  Burlington  House. 

SONG-BOOK  BY  TOBIAS  HUME. — Can  any 
reader  locate  a  book  of  songs  entitled 
*  First  Part  of  Ayres  French  Polish  and 
Others,'  composed  by  Tobias  Hume,  and 
published  in  London  by  John  Windet  in 
1605  ?  I  am  doing  a  piece  of  graduate 
work  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  on 
the  Life  and  Works  of  Tobias  Hume,  and  this 
book  would  be  of  vast  service  to  me.  I 
should  be  perfectly  willing  to  buy  the  book 
.if  I  could  only  procure  it. 

(Miss)  MARIE  C.  F.  LEHMUTH. 


ST.    JOHN    THE    ALMONER. — Can    anyone 
i  kindly   give   me   more   information   of    this 
\  saint  than  is  already  contained  in  Mackey's 
|  'Lexicon    of    Freemasonry.'     He    has    been 
canonized  by  both  the  Greek  and  Roman 
Churches — bis    festival    among    the    former 
occurring  on  Nov.  11  and  among  the  latter 
on  Jan.  23.     He  was  a  son  of  the  King  of 
Cyprus  in  the  sixth  century.     He  gave  up 
all  chances  to  the  throne  to  go  to  Jerusalem 
in  order  to  assist  the  knights  and  pilgrims 
visiting  the  Holy  Sepulchre.     He  does  not 
appear  to  be  recognized  as  a  saint  by  the 
I  English  Church.  ROY  GARART.. 

Royal  Artillery  Mess,  Kowloon,  Hong-Kong. 

[The    account    quoted    by    our    correspondent 
j  hardly  seems  correct.     The*  father    of   St.   John 
j  the   Almoner    was    Epiphanius,    Governor    (not 
I  King)  of  Cyprus.     John  was   born  at  Amathus, 
|  in   Cyprus,   c.    550,   and   died   there    616.     As    a 
young  man  he  married  and  had  children  ;  having 
lost  his  wife  and  children  he  entered  the  religious 
life.     His  course  was  determined  by  a  vision  of 
his  youth — in  which    he    saw    an    olive -crowned 
i  maiden  who  told  him  that  she  was  Compassion, 
|  eldest  daughter  of  the  Great  King.     He  therefore 
|  gave  himself  to  works  of  benevolence,  and  when, 
!  at  the  request  of  the  Alexandrians,  he  was  made 
|  Patriarch  of  Alexandria  by  the  Emperor  Heraclius, 
|  he  used  all  the  powers  and  opportunities  of  his 
position  for  the  relief  of  the  unfortunate.     Many 
stories    are    told    of    his    indefatigable    charity. 
He    reorganized    the    system    of    weights     and 
j  measures     in    the     interests     of    the    poor,  and 
|  set  himself   strenuously  against    official    corrup- 
!  tion.     When   the   Persians   sacked  Jerusalem  in 
!  614,  John  sent  supplies  to  the  Christian  refugees. 
The  Persians  occupied  Alexandria,  whereupon 
j  the  Patriarch  was  forced  to  flee  to  his  native 
!  city,  where  he  died.     His  body  was  taken  suc- 
I  cessively  to  Constantinople,  Ofen,  Toll  and  Pres- 
'  burg  Cathedral,  where  it  now  lies.     The  authorities 
i  for  his  Life  are  Simeon  Metaphrastes  and  Leontius, 
Bishop  of  Neapolis  in  Cyprus.     Leontius's   work 
professes  to  be  merely  supplementary  to  a  Life  of 
St.  John  (now  lost)  by  Joannes  and  Sophronius. 
We  have  it  in  the  Latin    translation   made   by 
Anastasius  the    Librarian.     As   to   St.  John   the 
Almoner  having  been  the  original  patron  of  the 
Knights  Hospitallers,  this  seems  to  be  a  mistake 
grounded  upon  the  erection  of  an  altar  to  him 
in  the  Hospital  at  Jerusalem,  the  patron  of  the 
Order  being  St.  John  Baptist. 

Our  correspondent  may  be  interested  to  know 
that  a  thirteenth-century  MS.  at  Trinity  College, 
Cambridge  —  given  to  the  College  by  Thomas 
Neville  (Master  1592;  d.  1614) — contains  a  trans- 
lation of  Leontius's  Life  of  St.  John  the  Almoner 
into  French  verse.] 

LAUNCHING  OF  SHIPS. — Is  this  done  stern 
foremost  for  mechanical  reasons,  or  is  there 
any  tradition  or  custom  to  account  for  it  ? 

ROY  GARART. 

Royal  Artillery  Mess,  Kowloon,  Hong-Kong. 


32  NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [12  S.X.JAN-.  14,1922. 


RABBITS  IN  AUSTRALIA. — Can  any  of  the  ,  moreover,  a  tendency  to  emphasize  guttur- 
correspondents  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  tell  me  when  this  :  ally  the  vowel  sounds  following  consonants, 
species  was  introduced  to  Australia  ?  Any  |  As  a  result  the  consonant  values  are 
authoritative  figures  as  to  its  subsequent  |  weakened.  Times =t-himes,  paper =p -haper, 
increase  and  its  present  numbers  would  be  I  prayer  =  pr-hayer,  Macarthy  =  Mac-Harthy, 
of  interest.  HUGH  S.  GLADSTONE.  j  and  so  on.  In  Spanish  there  seems  to  be  a 

Capenoch,  Thornhill,  Dumfriesshire.  similar    tendency.     The    English    tendency 

I  is     quite     other.     Consonant     sounds     are 

CIPHER  ON  ST.  JAMES'S  PALACE. — On  j  stressed  very  clearly  and  distinctly  (if 
some  lead  gutter-heads  in  the  Friary  Court  somewhat  thinly),  which  makes  for  the 
of  St.  James's  Palace  is  the  date  1696,  ac-  weakening  of  the  vowel  and  half-vowel 
companied  by  the  cipher  A.R.  Can  any  values,  the  dropping  of  the  h. 
explanation  be  given  of  this  curious  col-  j  Might  not  the  so-called  Cockney  lack 
location  ?  G.  W.  WALLACE.  j  of  control  of  the  h  be  traced  back  to  the 

I  root  factor,  namely,  the  struggle  for  power 

THE  BRIGHTON  ATHEN^UM— According  !  over  the  aspirate  between  the  Latin  and 
to  Toones  Chr.  Hist,,  11.  775,  on  Aug.  |  Teutonic  influences  in  the  E nglish  1  anguage  ? 
30,  1833,  during  a  very  violent  storm,  |  In  correct  French  the  so-called  aspirated  h 
"  ^e.  dom?,  °*,  th?  1P.righ.t?n  Athenaeum,  ife  now  as  mute  as  the  h  in  whatf  why  and 
or  Oriental  Garden,  fell  in  with  a  tremendous  i  where  of  modern  English.  But  in  Switzer- 
crash  ;  it  was  larger  than  the  dome  of  St.  land  and  m  those  parts  of  France  nearer 
Peter  s,  at  Rome,  by  8,000  feet,  and  com-  to  German  influences  the  aspirate  is  still  very 
posed  of  between  400  and  500  tons  of  iron,  guttural.  This  is  also  noticeable  in  the 
which  broke  into  a  thousand  pieces;  on  beautiful  French  spoken  by  cultured  Poles 
removing  the  scaffold,  the  immense  weight  and  Russians 

was  too  much  for  the  side  supports."     Where'      fc   it   that 'the   Celtic   and   Teutonic   in- 

was  this  building  ?  fluences    in    English    make    for   the   main- 

JOHNB.WAINEWRIGHT.       tenance    of   the    aspiration,    the    Latin    for 

PEDIGREES  WANTED. — Can  any  reader  its  elimination?  Doxies  apart,  what  is 
send  me  the  pedigree  of  the  families  of  the  philologic  law  at  work  here  ?  I  have 
(1)  Dallas  of  Cantray,  before  1745  ;  (2)  Rose  inquired  elsewhere  with  no  satisfactory 
of  Kilravock,  before  1600;  or  supply  any  result.  VALENTINE  J.  O'HARA. 

information     about     Caleb     and     William       Authors'  Club,  London. 
Greville,    who    witnessed    the    marriage    of 

Charles  Egleton  to  Ann  Edwards  at  St.  JAMES  HALES,  the  eldest  son  of  Sir  John 
George's,  Hanover  Square,  on  Aug.  3,  1790  ?  Hales,  Bart.,  by  his  second  wife  Helen, 
I  should  be  glad  to  have  communications  daughter  of  Dudley  Bagnal  of  Newry, 
sent  direct.  NORMAN  SHAW.  Ireland,  is  said  to  have  been  an  officer  in 

Custom  House,  Swatow,  China.  tne  Emperor's  service,   and  to  have  been 

killed  in  Italy  in  1735.     Further  particulars 

ADAH    ISAAC    MENKEN'S    '  INFELICIA.' —   of  his   career  are   desired,   as  well    as  the 
This  small  pocket  volume  of  poems  having   place  and  full  date  of  his  death, 
a   portrait    frontispiece    has    acceptance    of 
dedication  by  Charles  Dickens  in  his  neat 

calligraphy  reproduced  in  facsimile,  but  bears  THORESBY  HARDRES,  son  of  Sir  Richard 
no  printer's  imprint,  only  the  blank  intima-  Hardres,  Bart.,  of  Upper  Hardres,  Kent, 
tion,  London,  Paris,  New  York.  i  by  Anne,  daughter  of  Thomas  Godfrey  of 

Is  there  any  means  of  ascertaining  who    Lydd,  was  at  Westminster  School  in  1660. 
designed  the  exquisite  head-  and  tail- pieces    The  dates  of  his  birth  and  death  and  par- 
adorning  the  volume,  likewise  the  vignette   ticulars  of  his  marriage  are  required, 
on  the  title  page  ?       ANETJRIN  WILLIAMS.  G.  F.  K.  B. 

Menai  View,  North  Road,  Carnarvon. 

WELSH  MAP  SOUGHT. — I  should  be  glad 

THE  ENGLISH  "  H  "  :  CELTIC,  LATIN  AND  to  know  the  name,  date  and  publishers  of 
GERMAN  INFLUENCES. — Some  of  your  lin-  the  map  or  maps  of  Wales  upon  which 
guists  might  throw  light  on  this  matter,  appear  engravings  of  the  following  "  Houses 
In  the  Irish  pronunciation  of  English  full  without  Chimnies,"  namely,  Wynnstay, 
credit  is  given  to  the  aspirate.  There  is,  seat  of  the  Wynnes  ;  Erddig,  of  the  Yorks  ;. 


!:»  S.  X.  JAN.  14, 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


33 


Emral,  of  the  Pulestons  ;  Giler.  of  the 
Prices  ;  and  Marie  of  the  . 

I  should  a  so  be  glad  of  the  titles  of  any 
works  giving  an  account  of  Giler,  Denbigh- 
shire, beyond  the  article  in  The  Antiquary 
of  December,  1883,  by  the  Rev.  T.  Morgan 
Owen,  M.A.,  rector  of  Pentre  Voelas. 
Any  information  Would  be  gratefully  re- 
ceived. LEONARD  C.  PRICE. 

Essex  Lodge,  Ewell. 

'  THE  INGOLDSBY  LEGENDS.' — Since  I 
last  wrote  you  I  became  fascinated  with 
the  idea  of  annotating  the  book,  so  I 
bought  a  second-hand  copy  of  the  small 
octavo  complete  edition  published  by 
Richard  Bentley  in  1860.  I  think  it  is 
the  second  edition.  I  cut  it  up,  interleaved 
it  and  rebound  it  in  three  volumes  according 
to  the  three  series.  During  this  Christmas 
I  have  amused  myself  by  finding  chapter 
and  verse  for  nearly  one  thousar^d  refer- 
ences, but  not  all. 

The  following,  whilst  they  baffle  me, 
may  be  known  to  some  readers  of  '  N.  &  Q.' 

Will  any  lover  of  '  Ingoldsby '  help  me 
with  the  following  as  a  commencement  ? — 

'  Ghost.'  (p.  64)  What  was  the  "  British 
Forum  "  and  where  did  it  stand  ? 

'  Old  Woman  Clothed  in  Grey.'  (p.  388) 
Who  was  "  Dullman,"  Cardinal  Wiseman's 
publisher  ? — Who  were  Jemmy  Wood  (p. 
392),  Jem  Bland  (p.  395),  Jacobus  de 
Chusa  (p.  397),  and  John  Wright  (p.  401)  ? 

'  Spectre  of  Tappington.'  (p.  13)  Was 
Horsley  Curties  a  real  person  ? — (p.  27) 
What  was  a  "  Bridgewater  Prize"  ? 

'  Penance.'  (p.  293  note)  Who  were  the 
"  foreigneering  Bishop "  who  frequented 
the  Garrick  Club,  and  Mr.  Muntz  (p.  295)  ? 

'Aunt  Fanny.'  (p.  317)  What  is  the 
joke  about  the  Lord  Mayor's  coal  and  a 
slate  ?  What  Lord  Mayor  was  a  coal- 
merchant  in  the  thirties  ? 

'Black  Mousquetaire.'  (p.  229)  Who 
were  Stickney  the  Great  and  General 
Widdicombe  ? — (p.  226  note)  Pennalosa  ? 
— (p.  239  note)  "  Tompions,  I  presume"  ? 
Why  Farquhar  ? — (p.  240)  Squire  Hayne  ? 

'  Wedding  Day.'  (p.  438)  Who  were 
Mr.  Taylor  of  Lombard  Street  and  (p.  435 
note)  Baron  Duberly  ? 

'  Rupert  the  Fearless.'  (p.  247)  Who 
were  Mr.  Myers  and  (p.  249)  Howard  and 
Gibbs  ? 

'  Leech  of  Folkestone.'  (p.  94)  Who  was 
De  Vffle  ? 

'Misadventures  at  Margate.'  (p.  324) 
Who  was  Mr.  Withair  ? 


'  Smuggler's  Leap.'    (p.  329)   I   remember 
Nock's    name    as    Gunmaker.       When    and 
where  did  he  live  ?— (p.  328)  Was  Mr.  Day 
|  a  real  person  ? 

'  Babes  in  the  Wood.'  (p.  346)  Who  was 
1  Cotton  ? 

'  Dead  Drummer.'  (p.  348)  Who  were 
Charles  Wetherall  and  (p.  350)  Poole  ? 

'  Row  in  Omnibus  (Box).'  (p.  358)  When 
did  this  occur  ?    What  was  Doldrum's  real 
!  name  ? 

'  St.  Aloys.'  (p.  381)  Who  was  Jones 
of  the  Strand  and  what  was  his  "  Pyro- 
geneion  "  ? 

'  Lord  of  Toulouse.'  (p.  420)  Does  Morel's 
|  still  exist  ? 

'  Blasphemer's    Warning.'    (p.    442)    Who 
was  Honest  John  Capgrave,   and  (p.    459) 
!  where  can  I  find  the  legend  of  Curina  ? 

'  Hermann.'  (p.  513)  Who  is  Sir  John 
|  Nicholl  ? 

'My  Letters.'  (p.  525)  Where  was 
Pearsal's  ? 

'Hand  of  Glory.'  (p.  29)  Who  was 
petit  Albert  and  (p.  30)  what  was  a  Double- 
Joe  ? 

'  Patty  Morgan.'  (p.  39)  Who  was 
j  Griffith  ap  Conan  ? 

'  Cynotaph.'  (p.  74)  Who  was  Sydney 
Taylor  ? 

'  Witches'  Frolic.'     (p.  109)  Cummers  ? 
'  Bagman's  Dog.'     (p.  212)  Libs  ? 
'  Nell  Cook.'      (p.  309)  Old  Tom  Wright  ? 
Whose  are  the  two  shields  on  the  frontis- 
piece ? 

Who  were  "  the  rival  editors  "  of  Shake- 
speare mentioned  in  the  note  on  page  vi.  of 
the  Preface  to  the  second  edition  ? 

I  shall  be  glad  if  anyone  will  write  to  me 
direct   and   shall   be   happy  to  reciprocate, 
!  now  that  my  references  are  all  written  out. 

WILLIAM  BULL. 
Carlton  Club. 
[Libs  (Lips) :  the  west-south-west  wind.] 

INSCRIPTIONS   ON  AN  ICON. — Recently  I 
!  bought  an  icon  of  our  Lord,  holding  a  book. 
i  Within  the  halo  on  the  left-hand  side  of  the 
|  head   is   an  Omega,  and  above  it  a  T  with 
I  the  stem  half  as  long  as  it  ought  to  be. 
I  Above  the  top  of  the  head  is  what  appears 
i  to  be  an  O  (Omicron  ?),  and  on  the  right 
of  the  head  a  letter  that  somewhat  resembles 
!  a  capital  Eta.     The    ornamental    line    that 
I  is  parallel  with  the  frame  is  broken  at  the 
i  bottom  of  the  icon  to  admit  of  the  inscrip- 
I  tion  in  Slavonic  of  "  Where  is  the  Almighty  ?  " 
The  thumb  and  first  finger  and  two  of  the 
other  fingers  are  curiously  twisted. 


34 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


as.x.  .TAX.  u,  1022. 


What  is  meant  by  the  inscription,  by  the 
letters  round  the  head,  and  by  the  inter- 
lacing of  the  fingers  ? 

T.  PERCY  ARMSTRONG. 

The  Authors'  Club,  Whitehall,  S.W. 

PROVERB  :  ORIGIN  WANTED. — What  are  the 
date  and  origin  of  the  words  "  East  or  West, 
name's  best  "  ? 

I  possess  a  very  fine  old  oak  sideboard,  which 
has  the  date  1646  inscribed  upon  it,  and  I  am 
anxious  to  learn  whether  the  above  quotation, 
which  also  appears  in  carved  letters  on  the 
furniture,  ante- dates  or 


the  influences  of  masterful  minds  in  the 
enemy's  service.  Born  in  Leeuwarden,  the 
capital  of  the  province  of  Friesland,  intended 
to  become  a  teacher,  but  married  to  and 
later  divorced  by  an  officer  in  the  Dutch 
East  Indian  Army,  then  introduced  to  the 
gay  world  of  Paris  by  an  operatic  star  of 
international  fame,  she  adopted  for  her 
performances  of  quasi-Oriental  dances,  some 
of  them  more  or  less  modelled  on  the  terpsi- 
chorean  art  of  Java,  the  stage  name  of 
Mata  Hari,  Eye  (of  the)  Day,  equivalent 
of  sun  in  the  Malay  language.  Apart  from 
the  absolutely  fantastic  in  the  literature 


reference  a  contributor  mentions  that  it  is  to  be 
found  in  Bay's  '  Collection  of  Proverbs  '  (1670), 
and  expresses  the  opinion  that  it  is  one  of  those 

fuThor7hip°f  I^etnd  Writer  ^es^German 
4  Ost  und  West,  daheim  das  Best.'  But  is  that 
form  correct  ?] 

MATTHEW    ARNOLD:     REFERENCE    SOUGHT.  — 


death,  there  is  a  book  written  or  inspired 
by  her  father  and  published  in  Holland. 
The  most  dispassionately  authentic  data 
concerning  her  youth  and  subsequent  career 
are>  however,  to  be  found,  as  far  as  the 
present  writer's  knowledge  of  the  subject 
goes,  in*an  article  which  appeared  on  May  3, 


AUTHOR  WANTED.—  I  should  be  grateful  if  any 
reader  could  inform  me  where  some  stirring  lines, 
entitled  '  The  Lay  of  the  old  Sikh  Chief,'  can  be 
found.  They  were,  I  think,  attributed  to  the  late 
Sir  Lepel  Griffin,  and  began  :— 

"  Here,  in  my  fathers'  castle, 
I  sit  from  day  to  day." 

AUTHOR'S  NAME  WANTED.  —  In  1883  Richard 
Bentley  published  '  Two  Months  in  New  Orleans 

Merchant  -0nfedCTate  ^^   *7   "  An  Engli8h 
I  do  not  find  the  book  mentioned  in  Halket 
and  Laing's   '  Dictionary  of  Anonymous  Publi- 
cations.'     What  was  the  author's  name  ? 

W.   ABBATT. 


-MATA  HARTS" 

(12S.  ix.527.) 

NOTWITHSTANDING  the  wildly  extravagant 
stories  of  journalists  and  novelists  who 
found  and  still  find  their  profit  in  catering 
to  the  morbid  taste  of  a  public  eager  for 
sensational  stuff,  the  facts  of  the  origin 
and  youth  of  Mata  Hari,  the  Dutch  dancer, 
shot  as  a  spy  at  Vincennes,  Oct..  15,  1917, 
ought  to  be  well  known  by  this  time. 
There  is  nothing  obscure  or  mysterious  in 
the  early  life  of  this  ''infamous  woman," 
as  PROFESSOR  PITOLLET  calls  her,  whose  fate 
can  be  directly  traced  to  a  high-strung, 
hysterical  temperament,  unable  to  resist 


Scotland  Yard  and  the  courage  she  displayed 
i  in  face  of  the  firing  squad,  Sir  Basil  Thorn- 
|  „„„>,,  <  Mmnnrip**  '  Th*  Time*    "NTov     14-     1  Q21 
j  S  6S'   *  M  *  imes>  *  ^  '    14'   fl*1' 

i 

The    "  mysterious   English  novel  "   which 

i  PROFESSOR  C.  PiTOLLET  is  anxious  to  discover 

j  ig    possibly    <  Tne    Life    gtory    of    Madame 

Zelle,    the    World's    Most    Beautiful    Spy,' 

told  by  Henry  de    Halsalle,    published    by 

\  Messrs.        Skeffington       and       Sons,       Ltd., 

!  London,    at    Is.    9rf.    (n.d.,    ?    1917).      The 

i  coloured  wrapper    in  which  this  book  was 

issued    gives  the   author  s   name   as   Henry 

,  Dubois. 

Mata  Hari  is  referred  to  on  pp.  90-93  in 
Sidney  Theodore  Felstead's  '  German  Spies 
£t  Bay,'  published  by  Messrs.  Hutchinson 
and  Co.,  London,  at  8s.  6d.,  1920. 

1   haVG    COPie*    ot    both   these    books    in   my 


44  Spy    Library>"    aud    sha]l    be    happy    to 
lerd    both,  or    either,  to  Professor  Pitollet 


if  he  \vill  send  me  his  addra  s. 

HUGH  S.  GLADSTONE. 
Capenoch,  Thornhill,  Dumfriesshire, 
Scotland. 

PROFESSOR  C.  PITOLLET,  in  his  interesting 

note   regarding   the   famous   spy,   mentions 

that  her  name  is  said  to  be  of  Hindustani 

origin  and  to  mean  "  morning  bird."     This 

is   not    Hindustani,  neither  is  it  Hindi  nor 

i  Urdu.     The  name  appears  to  be  Sanscritic, 

!  in  which  language    "  Hari  "   is   one  of  the 

names  of  God.     It  may  again  be  Cingalese, 

but  I  seem  to  remember  having  seen  that 


i2S.x.to.i4.io22.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


35 


the  spy  spent  some  years  of  her  life  in  Java 
or  Sumatra.  Can  the  nom  de  guerre  there- 
fore  be  Javanese  ? 

H.  WILBERFORCE-BELL. 

Is  PROFESSOR  PITOLLET  s  informant  correct 
in  stating  that  Mata  Hari  is  Hindustani 
and  means  morning  bird  ?  I  am  aware 
of  ten  woras  m  that  language  signifying 
"  morn,  morning,  dawn,  and  nearly  double 
the  number  used  for  '  bird,"  but  neither 
mata  DOT  han  appears  in  the  list, 

One  newspaper  pronounced  the  sobriquet 
to  be  Japanese.  The  real  source  must  be 
looked  for  in  Malay.  That  lingua  franca 
of  the  East  is  sometimes  delightfully  poetic. 
Witness  the  use  of  the  words  in  question 
""  "  " 


never  come  across  a  member  of  it  whose 
name  is  spelled  without  a  "  g." 

In  the  '  Calendar  of  Canterbury  Wills,' 
1396-1558,  issued  in  1920  by  the  British 
Record  Society,  are  some  nine  wills  of  a 

<  family  named  Menys,  Mens,  Mense,  Menesse, 
MennVsse,  Menewes,  or  Mynvs,  principally 
of  Deal  and  Sandwich.  These  wills  range 
in  date  from  1416  to  1558)  and  it  is  probable 
the  origin  of  the  name  Minnes  mav  be  found 

i  from  this  source,  especially  as'  Sir  John 
was  of  a  Sandwich  familv.  ' 


h  *  , 
th« 

'  POUS 


>  as  Mr.  Hulburd 
efence 


sunrse 


and 


literallv     "the     eve     of     the     rlav 
up  "  ^nd    "  the  Tye    of    t*e   da£  ! 
eoins  down  " 

D  As8  stated'emte,  there  has  been  a  mass  of 
contradictions     published     in     the     Paris  , 
journals   about   Truda   Zelle,   but   if   it   be  ! 
true  that  she  was  once  the  wife  of  a  Dutch 
officer     and     afterwards     the     mistress     of 
other   Dutchmen   she   may  have   lived   for 
a  time  in  one  or  more  of  the  eastern  pos- 
sessions   of   Holland,   which  would  explain 
her  choice  of  a  Malay  nom  de  guerre. 

Cora  Laparcerie  has,  I  read,  produced  at 
the  Renaissance  Theatre  a  play  called 
'La  Danseuse  Rouge,'  which  is  written 
round  the  spy's  life 

Interest  in  this  amazing  woman,  who  is 
said  to  have  been  of  Jewish  origin,  seems 
to  have  revived  lately,  and  many  would 
join  Professor  Pitollet  in  welcoming  au- 
thentic  details  of  her  youth.  These,  how- 
ever,  are  at  present  not  forthcoming,  though 
Colonel  Boucabeille,  an  ex-militar|  attache 
at  The  Hague,  is  stated  to  have  had  a 
complete  dossier  of  -  Mata  Hari." 

CHARLES  GILLMAN. 

Church  Fields,  SaJfcburv. 

VICE-ADMIRAL  SIR  CHRISTOPHER  MINGS 
(12  S.  ix.  461,  513;  x.  13).—  The  note  on 
this  subject  by  MR.  PERCY  HULBURD 
opens  up  an  interesting  topic  as  to  a  possible 
family  connexion  between  Vice-Admirals 
Sir  John  Minnes  and  Sir  Christopher  Mings, 
having  regard  to  the  somewhat  similarity 
in  the  names.  There  may  be  such  a 
connexion  at  present  undiscovered,  but  1 
am  disposed  to  think  the  names  are  distinct 
and  not  variants.  At  any  rate,  among  my 
many  notes  of  the  Minge  family  I  have 


,  '  T  '' 

Duke),    mentions    lands    in    Loughton, 

jh«±%£   Woodnesborough 
ms  nePhew>  Francis  Hammon,  and 
!  ™*».'  Elizabeth  Hammon,  son  and  daughter 
°  er  Mary  '  hls  meces»  Jane» 


r  rt 

Heath  5  Lady  Heath  s  daughter,  Margaret 

^d  ,his  '  c  ousmf  CaPtam  .Jo^  Ca^on  of 
^^f  bofl°pugh'  .There  is  also  a  bequest 
of  £50  for  the  repairs  of  Sandwich  church. 

^  to  the  Mynge  and  Hamon  connexion, 
a  lenfe  ^as  issuec*  at  Canterbury  Feb.  6 
£r  the  Carriage  of  John  Mynge  of 

.?°m?ey-'    ?"    **£  ^^  Hamon'  of 
Awkndge  (Acrise),  v.   Daniel  Mynge  of  New 

R?mne^.  yeoma^'  bfng  a  bond.  Ad- 
nimistration  of  the  estate  of  John  Minge 
of  ew  Komney  was  granted  at  the 
V™*'  Canterbury,  on  Jan  23 
Judith  rehct.  The  will  of  Judith 
Mynge  of  Canterbury,  widow  already  alluded 
*?•  ma^es  ^ferences  to  "my  brothers, 
RajP^rfamOIiv  Sir  Th°m?f  Hamon,  Knt.r 
a^  Wl"ia^  Hamon  of  Canterbury^  ;  my 
^ters  Martha  Brewer,  Jane  Gibbons,  and 
Bennett  Hamon,  this  latter  being  really 
s  her  sf  ^-in-law.  These  brothers  and  sisters 
:  are  a"  mentioned  m  the  \isitation  of  Kent 

[Or  1619    m  S^2^00  P^1^66'  m 
however,   Judith  Mynge   does  not  ap 

doubtless  because  she  was  then  dead.  I 
have  ^ot  so  far  v**1  able  to  trace  any 
connexion  between  the  Hamon  family 
of  Acrise  and  the  T.  Hammond  who,. 
according  to  the  Minnes  pedigree  in  Boys' 
'History  of  Sandwich,'  married  Maria,. 
sister  of  sir  fohn-  Minnes,  about  1631. 
There  is  no  pedigree  of  the  Acrise  family  in 
the  1663-1668  Visitation,  so  no  help  can 
be  derived  from  that  source. 

The  real  point  I  wish  to  clear  up  is  whether 
John  Myngs,  in  1623   of  the  parish  of  St. 


36 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[12S.  X.JAN.  14,  1922, 


Katharine  in  the  City  of  London  (father  of 
Sir  Christopher  Mings),  said  to  have  been  a 
shoemaker,  is  identical  with  John  Minge, 
in  1622  of  the  Precincts  of  St.  Katharine, 
citizen  and  cordwainer  of  London,  1626, 
1631,  1640.  Would  the  parish  register  of 
St.  Katharine's  help,  and  would  the  Acting 
Master  of  St.  Katharine's  in  the  Regent's 
Park  and  Warden  of  the  Royal  Chapel 
kindly  give  us  the  benefit  of  any  informa- 
tion on  the  subject  which  may  be  at  his 
disposal  ?  GEORGE  S.  FRY. 

15,  Walsingham  Road,  Hove. 

TITLE  OF  "K.H."  (12  S.  ix.  529).— The 
following  extract  from  the  Introduction 
(p.  xxxvi.)  to  Dr.  Wm.  A.  Shaw's  '  Knights 
of  England,'  answers  the  query : — 

The  question  as  to  whether  the  membership 
of  this  Order  [Royal  Hanoverian  Guelphic  Order] 
entitled  the  holder  thereof  to  the  title  of  "  Sir  " 
and  to  the  rank  of  a  knight  bachelor  of  Great 
Britain  is  concisely  stated  by  Nicolas  in  his 
general  remarks  on  the  Order.  Neither  George  IV. 
nor  William  IV.  supposed  that  such  title  or 
precedence  would  attach  to  the  members.  Re- 
garding the  Order  as  strictly  a  foreign  one,  both 
those  kings  always  knighted  those  members  of 
the  Order  whom  they  meant  to  make  knights 
bachelors  of  Great  Britain.  Further  than  this, 
William  IV.  expressly  intimated  his  opinion  to 
that  effect  after  having  taken  the  advice  of  the  Lord 
Chancellor  on  the  subject.  A  paper  having  been 
laid  before  the  King  in  October,  1831,  containing 
reasons  for  the  contention  that  all  the  knights 
of  the  Order  of  the  Guelphs  became  ipso  facto 
knights  bachelors,  the  King  saw  so  much  objection 
to  the  principle  (that  the  acceptance  of  any 
foreign  Order  should  confer  on  the  individual 
the  honour  of  knighthood  without  his  being 
knighted  by  the  Sovereign)  that  he  asked  it  to 
be  referred  to  the  lord  chancellor.  The  lord 
chancellor's  opinion  was  understood  to  be  de- 
cidedly against  any  such  right,  and  the  king 
afterwards  appointed  several  hundred  British 
subjects  to  the  Order,  being  assured  that  they 
would  not  thereby  become  knights  bachelors  of 
England. 

The  members  of  the  Order  occupy  over 
thirty  pages,  dating  1815-1837. 

There  were  three  classes,  viz.,  Knights 
Grand  Cross  (G.C.H.),  Knights  Commanders 
(K.C.H.),  and  Knights  (K.H.).  By  the 
statutes,  which  though  issued  from  Carlton 
House  were  only  published  in  German,  the 
Grand-Mastership  of  the  Order  was  to  be 
for  ever  annexed  to  the  Crown  of  Hanover. 
(Ibid.  p.  xxxv.) 

It  is  remarkable  that  there  is  no  complete 
list  of  the  Order  extant,  an  order  instituted 
in  1815.  Dr.  Shaw  tells  us  (Preface,  p.  vii.) 
that  he  has  been  unable  to  find  one,  and  that 
tne  lists  which  he  gives  "  have  been  drawn 


entirely  from  the  annual    '  Koniglich  gross- 
britannisch-hannoverscher    Staatskalendar,' 
known     later     as      the     '  Hof-und     Staats 
Handbuch  fiir  das  Konigreich  Hannover. ' 
ROBERT  PIERPOINT. 

SIR  RICHARD  WOOLFE  (12  S.  ix.  528).— 
In  '  The  Present  State  of  Great  Britain,' 
1755,  published  under  the  name  of  John 
Chamberlayne,  who  died  in  1723,  p.  281  of 
'  the  General  List,  Number  C,  gives  "  The 
Names  of  the  Officers  in  the  Court  of  the 
Dutchy-Chamber  of  Lancaster."  I  extract 

Mr.  Richard  Wolfe,  Deputy  Clerk  and  Register 

of  his  Majesty's  Court  of  the  Dutchy-Chamber  of 

Lancaster.     Richard    Wolfe,    Esq :    Secretary   to 

i  the  Chancellor.     [Richard,  Lord  Edgcumbe  was 

the  Chancellor.] 

There  can  be  little  doubt  that  Mr.  Richard 
Wolfe  and  Richard  Wolfe,  Esq :  were  one 
and  the  same  person. 

*  The  Court  and  City  Kalendar  '  for  1759, 
I  the  nearest  which  I  have  to  1755,  p.  173,  gives 
i  in  its  list   of   the    '  Dutchy  Court   of   Lan- 
caster,'    "  Dep.    and    Sec.    to     Council,    R. 
Wolfe."      (The    Chancellor    then     was    the 
Earl  of  Kinnoul.)     "  Dep."  evidently  means 
Deputy-Clerk  of  the  Council.     The  former 
book  (ibid.,  p.   286)  in    the  list  of  '  Offices 
!  belonging    to    the    Court    of    Exchequer,' 
I  says : — 

The  Court  of  the  Dutchy  of  Lancaster  is  kept 
i  near  the  lower  Exchequer,  in  Westminster-Hall. 
The  Offices  belonging  to  that  Court  are  kept  in 
I  the  old  Buildings,  in  the  first  Court  in  Gray's-Inn. 

'  The     Court    and     City    Kalendar '    has 
|  "  Dutchy  Court  of  Lancaster  (Gray's  Inn)." 
In  neither  of  these  books  does  the  name 
[  Wolfe  or  Woolfe  appear  in  the  list  of  officers 
|  of   the   Dutchy    of   Cornwall.    There   is   no 
j  R.  or  Richard  Wolfe  or  Woolfe  in  the  Index 
j  of  Shaw's  '  Knights  of  England,'  but  this  does 
j  not  prove  the  negative,  as  the  lists  are  imper- 
fect.   See  Dr.  Shaw's  Introduction,  especially 
p.  xlix.  et  seq.  ROBERT  PIERPOINT. 

COTTON  FAMILY  or  WARBLETON  (WAR- 
BLINGTON), HANTS  (12  S.  ix.  488).— The 
Cotton  family  were  of  Warblington,  near 
Havant,  Co.  Hants.  Warbleton  is  in  Sussex. 
Warblington  Castle  is  supposed  to  have  been 
erected  by,  and  for  some  years  the  residence 
of,  the  ill-fated  Magaret  Pole,  Countess  of 
Salisbury,  who  was  executed  in  1541.  The 
manor  was  granted  to  Sir  Richard  Cotton 
in  1551.  The  Castle  was  practically  de- 
stroyed during  the  Civil  War,  but  the 
manor  remained  in  possession  of  the  family 
until  the  death  of  William  Cotton  in  1736. 


12  S.  X.  JAN.  14,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


37 


Sir  George  Cotton,  a  younger  grandson  of 
Sir  Richard,  was  a  coronation  knight — 
one  of  the  400  persons  in  1603  who,  being 
possessed  of  a  rental  of  £40  per  annum 
were  compelled  to  be  dubbed  knights  or  to 
pay  a  fine  at  the  coronation  of  James  I. 
At  the  coronation  of  Charles  I.  some  200 
persons  preferred  to  be  fined — the  fines 
ranging  from  £10  to  £40. 

Sir  George  Cotton  married  Cassandra, 
the  youngest  but  one  of  the  five  sisters  of 
Henry  Mackwilliam,  of  Stambourne,  Co. 
Essex,  who  was  killed  in  a  duel  in  1599. 
The  eldest  sister,  Margaret,  married  Sir  John 
Stanhope,  Lord  Harrington ;  the  third 
sister,  Ambrosia,  was  the  wife  of  Sir  William 
Kingswell  of  Shalden,  Hants,  in  whose 
will,  dated  1613,  reference  is  made  to  Cas- 
sandra, daughter  of  Sir  George  and  Dame 
Cassandra  Cotton  ;  and  the  youngest  sister, 
Cicely,  sometime  maid  of  honour  to  Queen 
Elizabeth,  married  Sir  Thomas  Ridgway, 
Treasurer  of  Ireland,  afterwards  Earl  of 
Londonderry. 

Sir  George  Cotton  was  first  cousin  to 
Henry,  Earl  of  Kent,  his  aunt  Susan  having 
married  Charles  Grey,  who  succeeded  to 
the  earldom  on  the  death  of  his  brother 
in  1615.  John  Selden  was  steward  and  legal 
adviser  to  the  Earl  of  Kent,  and  is  said  to 
have  married  the  Countess  after  the  Earl's 
death  in  1639.  Possibly  the  Cottons  became 
friendly  with  Sir  Edward  Hyde,  afterwards 
Lord  Clarendon,  and  other  notable  people 
of  the  period,  through  Selden. 

In  Wotton's  '  Baronetage  '  (i.  300)  it  is 
stated  that  Charles  Cotton  (the  poet)  was 
"  son  and  heir  of  Charles,  son  of  Sir  George 
Cotton,  knight  "  ;  and  in  '  Staffordshire 
Pedigrees  '  (Harl.  Soc.,  p.  59)  he  is  called 
"  Charles  Cotton  of  Beresford  esquire  (grand- 
son of  Sir  George,  a  younger  son  of 
Cotton  of  Warblinton  and  Bedhampton  in 
Southamp.)." 

Charles  Cotton  the  elder  married  Olive, 
only  d.  and  h.  of  Sir  John  Stanhope  of 
Elvaston,  Co.  Derby.  Anne  Stanhope, 
sister  of  Sir  John,  married  Thomas  Cokayne, 
and  was  mother  of  Sir  Aston  Cokayne, 
the  poet.  Another  sister,  Catherine  Stan- 
hope, married  Sir  Thomas  Hutchinson, 
and  their  daughter  Isabel  was  the  first 
wife  of  Charles  Cotton  the  younger.  By 
her  he  had  issue :  Beresford,  b.  1657/6 
(in  1694  Captain  in  Sir  Richard  Atkins's 
Regiment  of  Foot)  ;  Wingfield  and  Charles, 
who  both  died  young  ;  Olive,  who  married, 
in  January,  1690,  Dr.  George  Stanhope, 


Dean  of  Canterbury,  and  died  in  June, 
1707  ;  Catherine  (d.  June,  1740),  the  wife 
of  Sir  Berkeley  Lucy,  Bart.  ;  Jane  and 
Mary.  Col.  John  Hutchinson,  the  regicide, 
was  brother  of  Isabel  Cotton. 

The  poet's  second  wife  was  Mary,  daughter 
of  Sir  William  Russell,  widow  of  Wingfield 
Cromwell,  Earl  of  Ardglass,  by  whom  he 
had  no  issue.  ALFRED  T.  EVERITT. 

Admiralty  Road,  Portsmouth. 

THE  HOUSE  OF  HARCOURT  (12  S.  ix.  409, 
453,  495,  514  ;  x.  15). — I  am  greatly  obliged 
to  your  correspondent,  MR.  G.  H.  WHITE, 
for  the  trouble  he  has  taken  in  answering 
my  queries,  but  it  leaves  me  with  the 
impression  that  I  ought  to  regard  the 
works  of  Burke,  Cleveland,  Freeman  and 
others  as  composed  largely  of  fiction. 
However,  I  am  not  competent  to  judge 
in  the  matter,  as  I  haven't  access  to  any 
original  sources  of  information,  so  am  com- 
pelled to  use  my  own  judgment  what  to 
accept  and  what  to  reject  in  regard  to  the 
early  history  of  this  family.  I  should  much 
like  to  know,  however,  what  Dan  le  Noir 
says  about  it  in  his  work,  '  Preuves 
genealogiques  et  historiques  de  la  Maison 
de  Harcourt  '  (Paris,  1907). 

Mr.  White  says  that  Wace  is  the  only 
authority  for  a  Harcourt  being  present 
at  the  Battle  of  Hastings.  How  about 
M.  Leopold  Delisle,  stated  to  be  "  the 
greatest  antiquarian  authority  in  France," 
who  was  responsible  for  the  insertion  of 
Robert  de  Harcourt  in  the  "  Dives  Roll  "  ? 
He  professed  to  give  no  name  that  is  not 
vouched  for  by  some  deed  or  document 
of  the  period.  What  was  his  authority  ? 
Mr.  White  also  states  that  the  family  "  has 
become  extinct  in  the  male  line  "  (in  Eng- 
land), whereas  Burke's  '  Landed  Gentry,' 
vol.  i.,  1898,  states  that  the  Harcourts 
of  Ankerwyke  are  lineal  descendants  in 
the  male  line.  Which  is  correct  ?  The 
numerous  Harcourts  who  are  descended 
from  Edward  Vernon,  Archbishop  of  York, 
are,  of  course,  only  descended  in  the  female 
line  from  this  family. 

Is  there  a  record  of  any  grant  of  land 
to  any  Harcourt  when  it  was  parcelled 
out  to  the  companions  of  William  the 
Conqueror ;  the  presence  of  a  Harcourt 
in  the  Pipe  Roll  as  early  as  1130  is  in  support 
of  this  supposition  ? 

WILLIAM  HARCOURT-BATH. 

Is  it  quite  certain  that  MR.  WHITE  is  right 
in  stating  that  this  family  is  extinct  in  the 


38 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[12  s.x..  TAX.  if.  1022. 


male  line  ?      About  the   beginning  of  this 
century    I    was    acquainted    with    a    Mr. 
Griffith  Harcourt,  the  proprietor  of  a  paper- 
mill  at  Hurcott,  near  Kidderminster.      He  j 
was  a  younger  brother  of  the  then  Harcourt  | 
of  Ankerwyke,   and  he   certainly  informed  j 
me  that  he  himself  had  a  son. 

The  Harcourts  of  Raunton  who  entered  \ 
pedigrees  in  the  1614  and  1663/4  Visitations  i 
of  Staffordshire  were  of  illegitimate  descent,  I 
but    the    1583    Visitation   shows    six   male  i 
Harcourts   of  the  legitimate  Raunton  line 
then   apparently   living,   and   also   at  least 
five  males  of  the   Staunton  and  Ellenhall 
family  who  were  either  then  living  or,  if 
dead,  were  not  stated  to  have  died  without 
issue. 

I    have    myself    been    acquainted    with 
two  Harcourt  families  in  the  district  round 
Birmingham,  and  I  don't  doubt  that  there  j 
are  others. 

Probably  a  little  research  would  establish  | 
the  existence  of  more  than  one  legitimate  j 
Harcourt  family  in  the  Midlands. 

WILLIAM  F.  CARTER. 

PLUGENET    (12    S.    ix.    489). — Otherwise] 
Plokenet,   Plukenet   or   Plogenet.     Andrew: 
de  la  Bere  is  said   (by  G.  E.   C.)  to  have 
been    the    husband    of    Alicia    Walerand. ! 
They  had  issue  two  sons,  Sir  Richard  de  la  | 
Bere  being  the  elder  and  Alan  de  Plugenet  j 
the  younger.      This  Alan  became  a  promi- 1 
nent  personage  during  the  reign  of  Edward  | 
I.,  and  his  uncle,  Robert  Walerand,  having 
bequeathed  him  the  lordship  and  castle  of 
Kilpeck,  he  had  summons  to  Parliament. 
He  married  Johanna,  daughter  of  Andrew; 
Wake  of    Tangley,  Co.  Hants,  and  died  in 
1299,   leaving   issue   by   her   a   son   and   a! 
daughter.     The    son,    Alan    de    Plugenet, ; 
died  without  issue  in   1319,  and  his  sister 
inherited — she  was  then  known  as  Joanna 
de  Bohun,  Lady  of  Kilpeck  (widow  of  Sir 
Henry  de  Bohun).     On  her  death  without 
issue  in   1326/7  her  cousin,  Richard  de  la 
Bere,  grandson  of  her  uncle  Sir  Richard   de 
la  Bere,   was   found   to   be   her   heir.     An 
inquiry   in    1353   relating   to   the   Plugenet 
property    elicited     that    Thomas,    son    ofj 
Richard  de  la  Bere,   was  cousin  and  heir 
to   Alan   de   Plugenet,    and   that   Alan   de , 
Plugenet  the  elder  was  born  in  Dorset  at  j 
Thornton,  of  Andrew  de  la  Bere  and  Alice  j 
his  wife,   sister  of  William  Walerand   and| 
Robert   his   brother.     A   pedigree    and    ac- 1 
count  of  the  family  is  given  in  Liveing's  j 
-.'  Records  of  Romsey  Abbey.' 

Banks,    in    his    '  Dormant    and    Extinct 


Baronage,'  states  there  was  a  Hugh  de 
Plugenet  of  Lambourne,  Co.  Berks,  in  the 
reign  of  Henry  II.  (1154-89),  that  he  married 
Sibil,  d.  and  coh.  of  Josceus  de  Dinant, 
and  had  issue  two  sons,  Alan  and  Josceus. 
The  latter  inherited  Lambourne,  and  it 
continued  in  possession  of  his  descendants 
for  some  150  years.  He  does  not  state 
what  became  of  Alan.  The  De  Dinants 
came  from  Brittany,  and  possibly  the  De 
Plugenets  also.  No  connexion  can  be  traced 
between  the  Plugenet  and  the  Plunkett 
families — the  latter,  according  to  Burker 
were  settled  in  the  County  of  Meath,  in  Ire- 
land, in  the  eleventh  century. 

ALFRED  T.  EVERITT. 
Admiralty  Road,  Portsmouth. 

Alan  Plugenet,  or  Plukenet,  married  Alice  ^ 
one  of  the  three  sisters  and  coheiresses  of 
Robert  Waleran.  A  good  deal  of  informa- 
tion on  this  family  is  to  be  found  at  the 
following  references :  John  Batten's  '  His- 
torical Notes  of  South  Somerset,'  p.  96 ; 
Collinson's  '  History  of  Somerset,'  vols.  iL 
and  iii. ;  The  Topographer  and  Genealogist, 
vol.  i.,  p.  30  ;  Banks' s  '  Dormant  and  Extinct 
Baronage.' 

There  are  several  inquisitiones  post  mortem 
of  members  of  this  family,  and  frequent  re- 
ferences to  them  in  the  Feet  of  Fines  for 
Somerset  and  Dorset  and  probably  other 
counties,  in  the  Close  Rolls  and  Patent 
Rolls  and  in  the  Transactions  of  the  Somer- 
set (and  other  counties)  Archaeological 
Societies.  E.  A.  FRY. 

Sunnyside,   Gerrards   Cross. 

"  JOURNEY  "  (12  S.  ix.  527).— J.  R.  H. 
is  quite  right.  A  "journey  "  of  trams  is  a 
"train"  ("rake,"  "set")  of  "tubs" 
("corves,"  "trams,"  "hutches")  in  the 
underground  roads  of  a  mine,  usually 
hauled  by  ponies  or  by  being  attached  with 
a  clip  to  a  moving  rope  or  cable.  The  annual 
reports  by  H.M.  Inspectors  of  Mines  fre- 
quently contain  the  phrase.  Taking  at 
random  the  year  1897,  one  finds  "run 
into  by  the  full  journey  of  tubs  "  (Liverpool 
district) ;  "  run  over  by  the  journey  "  (do.) ; 
"  a  journey  of  six  tubs  was  being  drawn  up  " 
(North  Staffs)  ;  "  taking  out  a  journey  of 
trams  "  (S.W.  district,  Glos). 

R.  C.  BAIGENT. 


SMOKERS'  FOLK-LORE  (12  S.  ix.  528). — 
This  is  a  very  old  superstition,  akin  to  the 
dislike  of  having  three  lights  in  a  room, 
and  is  probably  founded  on  the  custom 


12  S.X.  JAN.  14,  1922.1  NOTES    AND     QUERIES. 


39 


of  laying  out  a  corpse  with  two  candles  at  j 
the  head  and  one  at  the  foot,  three  lights  | 
being,   therefore,   supposed  to   be  unlucky. 
As  regards  smoking,  it  was  a  popular  super- 1 
stition    during    the    Boer    War,    1899-1902,  j 
and   no   doubt   earlier   examples   than   this 
could  be  obtained.  F.   M.   M. 

I    fancy     that     most     superstitions     are  | 
connected  with  ideas   concerning  the   con- 
tinuance or  transmission  of  life.     A  match 
which    has    afforded    vitality    to    set    two 
cigarettes   going    may  be   supposed   to    be 
enfeebled  when  called  into  requisition  for  j 
a  third  and  to  be  symbolic  of  the  decadence  j 
of    the    man    who    receives    its    service.     1 1 
do  not  suppose  that  soldiers  have  thought 
this    out,    but   the   idea   that   flame   is   life 
seems    to    have    become    inherent,  and  the  j 
dislike     to    the    expiring    match    inherent. 
In  most  things  "  three  for  luck  "  is  looked 
for  ;    but  if  you  want  life  and  good  fortune 
have  nothing  to  do   with  expiring  flames. 
I    hope    I    have    not    said    this    before    in 
'  N.  &  Q.,'  but  I  have  said  so  much  there 
in  the  course  of  time  that  it  is  not  as  easy  to 
remember  as  it  is  to  forget.      ST.  S WITHIN. 

EDWARD  LAMPLUGH  (12  S.  ix.  491,  533).  I 
— -Faulkner  ('  Kensington,'  p.  355)  records 
the  baptism  on  Jan.  17,  1692,  of  "  Mary,  j 
d.  of  Thomas  Lamplugh,  clerk,  son  of  j 
the  Archbiship  of  York  deceased  at  his! 
house  in  the  Square." 

On  Aug.  23,  1703,  administration  to  the  j 
goods  of  Thomas  Lamplugh,  late  of  | 
Kensington,  S.T.D.  was  granted  to  Mary  I 
the  widow  (P.C.C.). 

On  March  1,  1719/20,  a  further  grant  de  \ 
bonis  non  issued  to  Edward  Lamplugh  I 
(P.C.C.).  Foster,  '  Al.  Oxon.,'  states  that 
Thomas  Lamplugh,  the  Archbishop's  son,  I 
became  rector  of  St.  Andrew-Undershaft 
in  1701,  and  the  '  Novum  Repertorium '  ; 
states  that  the  rector  of  this  name  died  in  j 
July,  1703,  without,  however,  identifying 
him  as  the  son  of  the  archbishop. 

It  seems  clear,  putting  all  the  evidence ! 
together,  that  Edward  was  the  grandson  j 
of  the  archbishop,  and  that  Burke,  '  L.G.,'  is 
wrong  in  calling  the  archbishop's  son's  wife  j 
Margaret.  J.  B.  WHITMORE. 

MOLESWORTH    (12  S.  ix.  491). — As  James; 
Molesw'orth  who  was    elected  into    College 
in   1733  is  stated    in  Phillimore's  '  Alumni 
Westmonasterienses '     to    be     the     son     of 
Walter  Molesworth  of  Westminster,  it  seems  j 
probable     that     the     James     and     George 


Molesworth  inquired  for  are  James  and  St. 
George  Molesworth,  sons  of  the  Hon. 
(Hamilton)  Walter  Molesworth  of  Walton- 
on-Thames  and  St.  Margaret's,  West- 
minster, who  were  admitted  to  Lincoln's 
Inn  in  1736  and  1749  respectively.  Both 
died  before  their  father,  who  died  in  1773. 
There  was  a  Bt.-Col.  James  Molesworth, 
Lt.-Col.  2nd  Foot,  who  died  Lt. -Governor 
of  Cork,  Feb.  28,  1765,  who  might  well  be 
the  James  inquired  for.  The  probability 
of  the  identification  is  increased  by  the 
fact  that  the  fourth  and  fifth  viscounts,  first 
cousins  of  James  and  St.  George,  were  also 
at  Westminster.  J.  B.  WHITMORE. 

AUTHOR  OF  POEM  WANTED  (12  S.  ix.  529). — 
The  poem  '  Harry  '  was  written  by  Mrs.  Fanny 
(Wheeler)  Hart,  wife  of  the  Rev.  Dudley  Hart, 
rector  of  Stretford.  She  also  wrote  '  Freda  : 
a  Novel,'  '  Mrs.  Jerningham's  Journal  '  (in 
verse),  '  Try  and  you  will,'  '  The  Runaway,'  and 
several  others.  ARCHIBALD  SPARKE. 


on 


Ancient  Tales  from  Many  Lands  :  A  Collection 
of  Folk  Stories.  By  R.  M.  Fleming.  (London: 
Benn  Brothers,  10s.  Qd.  net.) 

IP  we  consider  this  merely  as  a  collection  of  stories 
told  for  their  own  sake,  it  deserves  nothing  but 
praise.  Obviously  the  writer  has  practised  the 
art  of  story  -telling  with  much  thought  and  with 
success.  Crisp  and  clear  —  with  every  bit  of 
colour,  light,  humour,  grotesque  form  or  inci- 
dent, and  hint  of  character  set  out  to  full  yet  not 
disproportionate  advantage  —  these  narratives 
might  be  given  as  models  to  teachers.  Where 
pathos  or  tragedy  appears  the  success,  given  the 
limits  of  the  work,  is  hardly  less  complete,  and  to 
every  other  merit  is  added  that  of  an  easy  un- 
affected diction  which  draws  no  attention  to 
itself.  The  stories  are  taken  from  all  over  the 
world,  and  range  from  the  rude  folk-lore  of  West 
Africa  or  Polynesia  to  well-known  Greek  legends, 
and  even  to  an  account  of  Hammurabi,  which 
hardly  belongs  to  the  category  of  "ancient  tales." 
A  little  more  work  would  have  made  the  book 
first  rate  for  its  purpose  ;  as  it  is  we  suspect  it 
will  only  half  fulfil  this.  It  is  meant  for  children, 
and  for  teachers  who  have  made  no  special  study  of 
mythology.  We  gather  from  the  Appendix  that 
it  forms  part  of  a  plan  for  the  teaching  of  history 
and  geography.  But  in  view  of  its  being  used 
for  more  than  amusement  the  tales  should  have 
been  classified  ;  their  sources  should  have  been 
indicated,  and  those  which  belong  to  important 
cycles  of  myth,  forming  part  of  the  religious  be- 
liefs of  ancient  civilized  peoples  —  such  as  the 
story  of  Rama  —  or  which  belong  to  the  irain 
literary  tradition  of  Western  Europe  —  such  as 
the  story  of  lo  (incorrectly  set  out  here)  —  should 
not  have  been  placed  side  by  side  with  crude 
savage  myths  the  importance  and  interest  of 
which  are  great  but  of  a  different  kind. 


40 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[12S.  X.JAN.  14,  1922. 


Jamieson.     Mr.    Percy   Simpson's    essay    on    the 
1604  text   of  Marlowe's   '  Doctor  Faustus      is  a 

textual 


In  the  Appendix,  where  Miss  Fleming  gives  her 
views  as  to  the  educational  use  that  may  be  made 

of  folk-stories,   we  find  JBible  -stories  ir  entk>ned  I  good  example  of  acute  and  sympathetic 
along   with   ancient   national   legends    as    if,  for  j  criticism. 
European  children,  they  were  on  the  sancre  level. 
Have    the    educationists    sufficiently    considered 
unless    children    are    themselves    taught 


that  unless  children  are  themselves  taught  a 
group  of  tales  as  "  sacred  ''  they  will  have  no  more 
than  a  verbal  knowledge  of  what  a  "  sacred  " 
tale  is  ?  And,  if  the  Bible  stories  have  i.ot,  for 
European  children,  that  particular  value,  they 
must  forgo  the  possession  of  anything  of  th^  kind, 
for  i.o  others  can  now  be  so  presented  to  them. 
But  what  is  "  sacred  "  must  be  kept  apart. 

The  advice  in  the  Appendix  is,  in  general, 
rather  too  facile  and  sweeping,  though  it  may 
here  and  there  hold  useful  suggestion  for  a 
teacher  who  has  accumulated  a  tolerable  know- 
ledge of  folk-tales  and  is  at  a  loss  to  get  the  most 
out  of  them.  The  illustrations,  chosen  "  to 
illustrate  the  culture  of  the  people  "  who  told  the 
stories,  are  most  interesting,  but  want  more  than 
a  child's  or  inexperienced  person's  knowledge  to 
correlate  with  the  text.  What  has  a  faience 
relief  from  Knossos  in  Crete  to  do  with  Io  ? 

Essays   and  Studies  by   Members   of  the  English 

Association.     Vol.     vii.     Collected      by      John 

Bailey.  (Clarendon  Press,  7s.  6d.) 
THIS  volume  counts  among  the  best  in  this 
delightful  series.  The  lover  of  Donne  must 
certainly  not  miss  it.  Here  is  an  account,  by 
Mr.  John  Sampson,  of  a  copy  of  the  1639  edition 
of  *  Poems,  by  J.  D.,  with  Elegies  on  the  Author's 
Death,'  annotated '  by  its  first  owner,  whose 
initials  G.  O.,  the  nature  of  the  notes,  and  a  com- 
parison of  the  handwriting  with  that  in  the  parish 
registers  of  Bourton-on-the-Hill,  point  to  Giles 
Oldisworth,  the  Royalist  divine.  Oldisworth, 
besides  other  interesting  matter — his  annotations 
are  most  copious — solves  the  puzzle  of  R.  B., 
author  of  the  last  elegy,  who  has  been  variously 
conjectured  to  be  Richard  Braithwaite,  or  Broome, 
or  Ralph  Brideoak.  None  of  these — it  is  Richard 
Busby,  the  famous  headmaster.  He  also  gives 
"  L.  Cary  "  as  the  name  of  the  person  for  whom 
Donne  wrote  the  '  Elegie  on  the  L.C.,'  which 
would  make  the  letters  "  L.C."  indicate  the  j 

Lord  Chamberlain.     These  two  interesting  identi-  j      EDITORIAL  communications  should  be  addressed 
fixations  are  mentioned  as  examples  of  the  good    to  "  The  Editor  of  '  Notes  and  Queries  '  " — Adver- 


Pedigrees    of  some   East    Anglian   Denny s.       By 

H.     L.     L.     Denny.        (Reprinted    from     The 

Genealogist.) 
Memoir   of  Colonel   William   Denny,    Lieutenant  - 

Governor  of  Pennsylvania.    By  H.  L.  L.  Denny. 

(The   Pennsylvania   Magazine   of    History   and 

Biography,  vol.  xliv.,  No.  2.) 
THE  subject  of  the  memoir  was  the  son  of  a 
Hertfordshire  rector  belonging  to  a  family  of 
East  Anglia  which  had  borne  a  good  part  in  the 
foundation  of  the  English  colonies  in  America. 
He  was  born  in  1709,  matriculated  at  Oriel  College, 
Oxford,  in  1726,  and  took  his  degree  in  1730, 
and  is  next  heard  of  as  an  original  member  of 
the  Society  of  Dilettanti.  By  1744  he  had  entered 
the  Army  ;  in  1756  he  was  appointed  Lieutenant- 
Go  vernor  of  Pennsylvania  ;  in  1759  he  was  re- 
called, and  he  died  "in  1765,  after  occupying  him- 
self again  with  the  affairs  of  the  Dilettanti. 
There  can  be  little  doubt  that  his  position  as 
Governor  was  difficult.  The  most  interesting 
pages  in  this  account  of  him  are  those  containing 
the  full  report  of  his  situation  addressed  to 
Thomas  Penn  from  Philadelphia  in  April,  1757,* 
which,  together  with  one  or  two  others,  has  been 
extracted  from  the  "  Perm  Papers  "  in  the  MS. 
Division  of  the  Historical  Society  of  Penn- 
sylvania. 

The  pedigrees  are  those  of  the  Dennys  of 
Cheshunt,  Herts,  and  Howe  Hall,  Norfolk  ;  and 
of  Beccles  in  Suffolk.  Neither  line  seems  to  have 
male  descendants.  Needless  to  say,  all  the  as- 
certainable  particulars  of  each  member  of  the 
two  families  are  here  set  out  with  the  greatest 
care,  and  the  relative  abundance  of  the  informa- 
tion testifies  to  the  exhaustive  research  under- 
taken to  obtain  it. 


to  Corresponbent*. 


details  upon  which  Mr.  Sampson  has  lighted  by 
his  purchase  of  a  "  dogeared,  worn  and  ink- 
stained  "  copy  which  the  bibliophile  might  easily 
have  passed  by  with  disdain.  Mr.  de  Selincourt's 
'  Rhyme  in  English  Poetry '  is  a  very  delicate 
study  of  a  topic  of  vital  importance  for  English 
letters,  rounded  out  by  illuminating  reference 


tisements  and  Business  Letters  to  "  The  Pub- 
lishers" — at  the  Office,  Printing  House  Square, 
London,  E.G. 4  ;  corrected  proofs  to  The  Editor, 
'  N.  &  Q.,'  Printing  House  Square,  London,  E.C.4. 
ALL  communications  intended  for  insertion  in 
our  columns  should  bear  the  name  and  address  of 
the  sender — not  necessarily  for  publication,  but  as 


to  and  comparison  with  French  use  of  rhyme.  ,  a  guarantee  of  good  faith. 

Mu\icF?nSo^  WE     cannot      undertake     to    answer     queries 

in  style,  which  is  good,  but  also  in  matter,  which    Pnyateiy. 

is  much  better.  WHEN  answering  a  query,  or  referring  to    an 

Mr.  A.  H.  Cruickshank  gives  a  very  charming  ac-  i  article  which  has  already  appeared,  correspondents 
count  of  Thomas  Parnell,  to  which  is  attached  a  are  requested  to  give  within  parentheses— -fm- 
pleasant  and  suggestive  though  not  very  deep-  mediately  after  the  exact  heading—the  numbers 
going  series  of  criticisms  of  the  eighteenth  century.  !  of  the  series,  volume,  and  page  at  which  the  con- 
Mr.  Geo.  Neilson  deals  with  a  bundle  of  MS.  |  contribution  in  question  is  to  be  found. 
Ballads,  printing  an  "  abbreviate  "  of  the  whole  A.  ROGERS. — The  query  on  a  translation  of 


collection  with  notes  of  identification  and,  after 
*a  careful  discussion,  showing  that  the  collector 
of  these  transcripts  is  no  other  than  Robert 


stanzas  from  Omar  Khayyam  appeared  at 
12  S.  ix.  272  (Oct.  1,  1921),  and  was  answered 
at  12  S.  ix.  317  (Oct.  15). 


12  S.X.JAN.  14,  1922.] 


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41 


LONDON.  JANUARY  21,  1922. 


CONTENTS.— No.   197. 

NOTES  : — Annamaboe,  41 — The  Royal  Society  and  Free- 
masonry, 42 — Oliver  Starkey,  43 — Glass-painters  of  York  : 
the  Hodgson  Family,  44 — Byron  and  Campbell :  a  Parallel, 
45 — Needham's  Point  Cemetery  :  James  Sims,  46 — A 
New  Criticism  of  Casanova's  '  Memoires  ' — Schoolmasters 
in  1714  and  1759 — '  Castle  Daly  '  and  GaJway,  47. 

QUERIES  : — Ruvigny's  Plantagenet  Roll — '  British  Melo- 
dies ' — Portrait  of  Nelson  by  H.  Edridge — Land  Measure- 
ment Terms — Henshaw  of  Uttoxeter  and  Cheshunt :  Weake 
of  Norfolk — Armstrong,  48— J.  M.  W.  Turner  and  Haddon 
Hall — King  Famiy  Book-plates — '  The  Running  Horse,' 
Piccadilly — George  Henry  Harlow — Sir  Robert  Hesilrigge, 
Bart. — Dalstons  of  Acornbank — Turner  Family — Final 
"  den  "  in  Kentish  Place-names — Authors  wanted,  49 — 
Translators  wanted,  50. 

REPLIES  :— '  Anything  for  a  Quies  Life  '—Jacob  Tonson  as 
a  Spy  on  Prior,  50— Fieldingiana — Gervase  de  Cornhill — 
'  Not  So  Bad  As  We  Seem '  :  Charles  Knight,  51— Psalm 
Ixxxiii. — The  Fifth  Petition  in  the  Lord's  Prayer — Col. 
Chester's  Extracts  from  Parish  Registers — "  Sunt  oculos 
clari  c.ui  cernis  sidera  tanquam,"  52 — "  A  Walking  Dic- 
tionary "—Cardinal  Newman  and  Wales — Vangoyen,  a 
Dutch  Painter — "  '  Heads  '  as  the  pieman  says  " — G.  E.  J. 
Powell,  53 — "  Artemus  Ward  " — "  Time  with  a  gift  of  tears," 
54— Erghum  of  Erghum,  Yorkshire — St.  Peter  the  Proud, 
London — Fullolove  Surname — Villebois,  Painter — Blessed 
Oliver  Plunkett— Disraeli  Queries— Freedom  of  a  City,  55— 
The  Arms  of  Leeds — Dante's  Beard — Gentleman  of  the 
Poultry  —  Nicholas  Grimald  —  Rudge  Family  —  School 
Holidays— The  Aby&sinian  Cross,  56 — British  Settlers  in 
America— Biographical  Details  of  Artists  sought— Meiler 
Magrath,  Archibishop  of  Cashel — Brothers  of  the  Same 
Christian  Name — The  Rev.  J.  de  Kewer  Williams — Norris 
and  Eyre  Families— Mulberries — '  A  Newcastle  Apothe- 
cary,' 59. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :— '  Authors'  and  Printers'  Dictionary  '— 
'  A  Dictionary  of  English  Phrases  '—The  Quarterly  Review. 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


JJote*. 

ANNAMABOE. 

CAPE  Coast  Castle  was  settled  by  the 
Portuguese  in  1610,  but  soon  fell  to  the 
Dutch. 

It  was  demolished  by  Admiral  Holmes 
in  1661,  but  all  the  British  Settlements, 
factories  and  shipping  along  the  coast 
were  destroyed  by  the  Dutch  Admiral 
De  Ruyter  in  1665. 

In  1667  this  Cape  was  confirmed  to  the 
English  by  the  Treaty  of  Breda. 

Anamabu    is    a    town    and    fort    in    the 
Gold  Coast  Colony,  and  had  a  population 
of  5,000  in  1899. 
P.R.O. 
T.l/343,p.  134. 

Gentlemen 

Your    favour    of    yesterday,    we    received 
this    morning,    and   thank   you   for   the    promise 


of  assistance  in  protecting  the  privilidges  of  the 
British  Subjects  Trading  to  this  place,  too  rriuch 
invaded  by  the  French  and  too  little  protected 
from  Home  ;  But  at  this  time  shall  have  no  occa- 
sion to  trouble  you,  The  French  Ship  having  sailed 
hence  before  we  received  your  Letter — we  are 
Gentlemen 

Your  most  humble  Serts 

SAML  ROWLES 
ALEXR  GRAHAM 
CHRISTOPHER  BENNETT 
WILLIAM  CAULFIELD 
JAMES  CARR 
DAVID  BRUHANAZ 
Polly  in  Annamaboe 
Road  20  March  1750 

[Addressed  on  the  back] 
To  the  Honble  The  President  and  Council 

for  Transacting  the  Affairs  of  the  Royal 
African  Compy  of  England 

Cape  Coast  Castle 
[Endorsed] 

A  Letter  of  thanks  from  Sundry 
English  Captains  at  Annamaboe. 
P.R.O. 
T.l/343  fo.  146: 

Annamaboe, 

May.  28th  1750 
Gentlemen 

We  the  underwriters  desire  you  will 
supply  us  with  some  shot  of  several  sorts,  vizt : 
41i  3  ditto  2  ditto  if  you  can  spare  4  sixpounders 
gunns  ;  according  to  your  promise  to  us  all, 
when  at  Cape  Coast ;  we  Intend  to  keep  Anna- 
maboe Road  clear  of  the  French  as  we  have 
made  a  beginning  all  ready  so  that  we  may 
be  well  prepared  with  shot,  we  have  a  great 
quantity  yet  but  we  Can't  tell  what  may  happen 
we  have  Gunn'd  &  man'd  4  Vessels  fltt  for 
the  purpose  so  we  are  determin'd  to  keep  the 
road  Clear  for  they  allways  bid  above  us  we 
will  protect  the  British  right  or  sink,  we  remain 
Gentm 

Your  most  humble  Servts 

JOHN  MEADOWS 
RICHARD  RIGBY 

Gentlemen,  ALEX«  GRAHAM 

When    I    was    at  JOSEPH  YOWARTS 

DixCove  I  lent  you  40    CHRISTOPHER  BENNETT 

shot  I  should  take  it          MICHAEL  BARSTOW 

a  favour  if  you  would        POLLIPUS  HAMMOND 

send  me  them  in  3  lb  Ri>  JENKINS 

shot    by    the    Bearer  SAML  ROWLES 

hereof  PETER  JAMES 

I  am  yr  most  He  St 

POLLIPUS  HAMMOND. 

[Endorsed] 

To  The  Honourable  ye  Presedent  and 
Councill  Residing  at 

Cape  Coast  Castle. 
P.R.O. 
S.P.Dom.,  Naval,  133. 

An  account  of  the  French  Officers  going  on 
Shore  at  Annamaboe  with  Proposals  to  the 
Fanteens  ;  and  the  Answer  they  received  from 
them  [sic]  People,  vizt : 

The  French  Officers,  in  form,  yesterday"  went 
on  Shore,  and  was  in  form  met  by  all  the  Caboceers 


42 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [12  s.x.  JAN.  21, 1922. 


of  Annamaboe  ;  and  being  seated  in  Curantee's 
house,  They  thus  began  ;  The  King  of  France, 
our  Master  have  sent  Us  here  to  protect  Our 
Merchant  Ships  in  their  Trade  upon  this  Coast, 
which  the  King  have  heard  have  been  much 
molested  on  it  by  the^Subjects  of  the  King  of 
England,  under  the  Pretence  of  the  Town  of 
Annamaboe  as  well  as  the  Best  of  the  Country 
of  Fanteen  being  their  Property  ;  and  therefore 
they  desired  to  know  whether  it  was  true  that 
the  Country  of  Fanteen  and  Town  of  Annamaboe 
did  belong  to  the  King  of  England  or  not ,  And 
also  That  their  Master  the  King  of  France  wanted 
to  know  if  he  was  to  send  and  build  in  the 
Fanteen  Country  a  Fort  or  Castle  whether  they 
would  consent  or  agree  to  let  it  be  done.  To 
which  John  Currantee  in  the  behalf  of  himself 
and  the  Rest  assembled,  made  him  this  Answer, 
That  the  Town  and  Country  of  Fanteen  did 
belong  to  the  English,  and  has  done  so  ever  since 
more  than  he  can  remember  ;  his  great  Grand- 
father and  all  his  Family  down  to  himself  were 
servants  to  the  English ;  'Twas  (said  he)  the 
English  made  our  Town  so  considerable  as  it  is, 
and  I  myself  have  been  protected  and  brought 
up  by  the  English,  from  my  Infancy  to  this  time 
that  you  see  me  an  Old  Man  ;  and  therefore 
they  will  continue  in  their  Allegiance  to  their 
Old  Masters,  and  not  serve  any  other  ;  That  the 
French  King  had  no  right  to  ask  any  such 
questions  of  them,  &c.  &c.  [sic].  And  as  to  the 
driving  the  French  Ships  off,  or  building  a  Fort 
at  Annamaboe,  if  they  intended  any  such  thing, 
They  must  first  send  a  Letter  to  the  King  of 
England,  and  if  he  consented  to  give  up  his 
Right  to  the  Fanteen  Country  to  the  French 
King,  and  granted  him  Permission  to  build  in 
Annamboe  ;  then  the  King  of  England  should 
write  a  Letter  to  the  Gentlemen  of  Cape  Coast 
Castle,  and  they  signifying  to  Us,  That  that  was 
the  English  King's  desire,  then  We  may  hearken 
to  what  You  have  to  say  upon  that  Subject : 
But  for  the  present  We  know  You  not.  After 
this  he  gave  them  a  genteel  Dinner,  and  sent 
them  off. 

All  which  the  French  Officers  put  down  in 
Writing,  and  carried  on  board.  They  further 
told  John,  That  they  would  stay  in  Annamaboe 
until  they  were  relieved  by  two  other  French 
Ships  of  War,  to  protect  their  Trade.  Aye, 
said  John,  That  is  only  on  Condition  our  Master 
the  King  of  England,  don't  hear  of  your  being 
here,  and  send  others  to  drive  you  out. 
Honble  Sirs, 

The  above  Relation  is  as  particular,  and 
strictly  true  as  the  Difference  in  the  Language 
will  admit,  according  to  the  Information  received 
by  our  Messengers  present  at  Annamaboe,  during 
the  Frenchmens  Stay  there. 

I  am  with  respect 
Your  Honrs  most  Obedt  &  Dutiful  Servant 

JON  ROBERTS 
Cape  Coast  Castle 
5th  April  1751 

The  above  is  a  true  Copy,  taken  from  the 
Original  lately  received  by  the  Royal  African 
Company  of  England. 

African  House,  Watling  Street,  Sept  26th  1751. 

R.  SPENCER  Secry 

E.  H.  FAIBBBOTHER. 


THE  ROYAL  SOCIETY  AND 
FREEMASONRY. 

THE  events  leading  up  to  the  foundation  of 
he  Royal  Society  almost  synchronize  with 
the  ascertainable  facts  of  the  early  history 
of  Freemasonry  in  England,  while  the  most 
active  agent  in  the  organization  of  the 
Dormer  and  its  first  president  was  Sir  Robert 
Moray,  who,  according  to  an  established 
record,  still  extant,  was  the  first  known 
candidate  to  be  initiated  into  Freemasonry 
on  English  soil.  This  ceremony  took  place 
at  Newcastle-on-Tyne  on  May  20,  1641, 
at  a  meeting  of  the  Lodge  of  Edinburgh 
leld  when  the  Scottish  army,  in  which  Sir 
Robert  Moray  was  an  officer,  was  stationed 
there. 

The  origin  of  the  Royal  Society  can  be 
braced  to  the  weekly  meetings,  held  first 
in  London  and  afterwards  at  Oxford,  of 
men  eminent  in  science,  arts,  and  letters, 
when  questions  affecting  science  and  philo- 
sophy Were  freely  discussed,  but  questions 
relating  to  theology  and  politics  were 
rigorously  excluded,  this  also  being  the  rule 
in  the  craft  of  Freemasonry. 

The  foundation  of  the  Royal  Society 
was  first  mooted  on  Nov.  28,  1660,  when  at 
the  close  of  a  lecture  given  by  Mr.  (after- 
Wards  Sir)  Christopher  Wren,  at  Gresham 
College,  the  lecturer,  together  with  Lord 
Brouncker,  the  Hon.  Robert  Boyle,  Mr. 
Bruce,  Sir  Robert  Moray,  Sir  Paul  Neile, 
Dr.  Wilkins,  Dr.  Goddard,  Dr.  Petty,  Mr. 
Balle  and  Mr.  Hill  "  withdrew  for  mutual 
conversation  into  the  professor's  apartment, 
where,  amongst  other  matters,  they  dis- 
cussed the  proposed  foundation  of  a  college 
or  society  for  the  physico -mathematical 
experimental  teaching."  A  week  later — on 
Dec.  5,  1660 — after  Mr,  Wren's  next  lecture, 
"  Sir  Robert  Moray  brought  them  the 
welcome  news  that  the  King  had  been  ac- 
quainted with  the  design  of  the  meeting, 
that  he  well  approved  of  it,  and  would  be 
ready  to  give  it  every  encouragement." 

Bishop  Sprat,  the  historian  of  the  Royal 
Society,  sets  out  a  statement  of  the  objects 
of  the  Royal  Society,  which  is  applicable 
equally  to  the  objects  of  the  craft  of  Free- 
masonry. He  says  : — 

As  for  what  belongs  to  the  members  themselves, 
that  are  to  constitute  the  Society,  it  is  to  be 
noted  that  they  have  freely  admitted  men  of 
different  religions,  countries,  and  professions 
of  life.  This  they  were  obliged  to  do,  or  else  they 
would  come  far  short  of  the  largeness  of  their  own 
declarations.  For  they  openly  profess  not  to 
lay  the  foundation  of  an  English,  Scotch,  Irish, 


.12  S.  X.  JAN.  21.  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


43 


Popish,   or  Protestant   philosophy — but   a   philo- ; 
sophy  of  mankind. 

It   is   a  notable   fact   that   many  of   the ! 
characters    prominent   in   the   early   annals 
of     Freemasonry     in     England     were    also  j 
conspicuous  in  the  discussions  and  organiza- 
tion  of  the  Royal  Society.     In  addition  to 
Sir     Robert     Moray,     already     mentioned,  j 
another  well-known  Freemason,  Elias  Ash- 1 
mole,  the  founder  of  the  Ashmolean  Museum  ' 
at    Oxford,   initiated   into    Freemasonry   at ! 
Warrington  in   October,    1646,   was   one   of 
the    first    members    of   the    Royal    Society. 
The  Grand  Lodge  of  England  was  consti- 
tuted in  1717,  and  many  of  its  prominent 
officers    in    the    early    days    of    its    history 
figure  also  as  assiduous  workers  in  the  Royal 
Society.     Eight    of   the    Grand   Masters   in! 
the   first   thirty   years   of   its   history   were  j 
entitled    to    write     "  F.R.S."     after    their  j 
names,  to  wit  :     John  Theophilus  Desagu- 1 
liers,  D.C.L.   (Grand    Master,   1719),    John,  I 
Duke  of    Montague  (1721),    Francis  Scott, 
Earl  of    Dalkeith  (1723),    James  Hamilton, 
Lord     Paisley    (1725),     Henry   Hare,    Lord 
Coleraine    (1727),     James     Lyon,     Earl     of 
Strathmore  (1733),  John    Lindsay,  Earl    of 
Crawfurd      (1734),     and      James     Douglas, 
Earl    of    Morton    (1741,    Grand    Master    of 
Scotland     1739),    in    addition     to     Francis 
Drake,  who  was  Grand  Master  of  the  rival 
Grand    Lodge    of    All    England    at    York. 
Among  the  Deputy  Grand  Masters  are  to  be 
found  the  names    of    Martin  Folkes  (1724), 
William    Graeme,  M.D.    (1739-40),    Martin 
Clare     (1741),     E.     Hody,    M.D.    (1745-6), 
and  the  Hon.   Charles  Dillon,  twelfth  Vis- 
count Dillon  (1768-74).     Mention  must  also 
be  made  of  Sir  J.  Thornhill,  Senior  Grand 
Warden     in     1728  ;      Richard     Rawlinson, 
D.C.L. ,  who  bequeathed  the  famous  Raw- 1 
linson  Collection  to  the  Bodleian  Library,  I 
Grand    Steward    in     1734 ;     the    following 
Grand      Stewards  :      John     Faber     (1740), 
Mark     Adston      (1753),     Samuel      Spencer 
<1754),    the    Rev.   J.   Entick     (1755),     and 
Jonathan  Scott  (1758-9)  ;    while  among  the 
rank  and   file   were   Sir   Christopher   Wren 
(sometimes    claimed    as    a    Grand    Master 
before    the    formation    of     Grand    Lodge), 
Dr.    William    Stukeley,    the    Duke    of    Lor- 
raine, and  the  Chevalier  Ramsay. 

Owing  to  the  fact  that  there  are  very  few 
records  extant  relating  to  Freemasonry 
in  England  in  the  seventeenth  and  early 
eighteenth  centuries  it  is  difficult  to  trace 
membership  of  the  craft  except  in  instances 
where  office  was  held.  It  is  known  that 
•  Thomas  Strong  took  with  him  to  London 


from  Oxford  a  "  Lodge  of  Masons  "  to  assist 
in  the  erection  of  St.  Paul's  Cathedral, 
under  the  superintendence  of  Sir  Christopher 
Wren,  and  that  the  father  of  Thomas  Strong , 
Valentine  Strong,  buried  in  Fairford  Church- 
yard in  November,  1662,  is  described  as 
a  "  Free  Mason,"  and  it  may  well  be  assumed 
that  among  the  members  of  the  Masonic 
craft  in  the  latter  half  of  the  seventeenth 
and  the  first  half  of  the  eighteenth  cen- 
turies were  members  of  the  Royal  Society 
other  than  those  whose  names  are  mentioned 
above.  DUDLEY  WEIGHT. 

Oxford. 


OLIVER  STARKEY. 

SPEAKING  of  the  first  year  of  Queen  Mary, 
T.  Warton,  in  his  '  History  of  English  Poetry  ' 
(1870  ed.),  at  p.  833  says  :— 

Nearly  the  same  period,  a  translation  of  Eccle- 
siastes  into  rhyme  by  Oliver  Starkey  occurs  in 
bishop  Tanner's  library,  if  I  recollect  right, 
together  with  his  Translation  of  Sallust's  two 
histories. 

Was  this  translator  Oliver  Starkey, 
Knight  of  St.  John,  natural  son  of  Hugh 
Starkey  of  Oulton  Lowe,  Cheshire  ?  This 
Oliver  Starkey,  when  the  Venerable  Tongue 
of  England  was  restored  in  the  Kingdom  of 
England  by  Philip  and  Mary  by  letters  patent 
April  2,  1557,  and  the  Priorate  of  England, 
at  St.  John's,  Clerk enwell,  with  nine  of  the 
old  commanderies,  May  5,  1557,  obtained 
the  Commandery  of  Quenington,  near  Fairfax, 
Gloucestershire.  On  Queen  Elizabeth's 
accession  he  withdrew  to  Malta.  On  Nov. 
2,  1558,  the  Tongue  appointed 

Sir  James  Shelley  knight  commander  of  Temple 
combe  and  Sir  Olyver  Starkey  knight  com- 
mandre  of  Quenyngton  for  to  make  drawe  and 
devyse  the  rowle  belonging  to  the  same  reverend 
tonge. 

On  the  last  day  of  February,  1560,  the 
Tongue  elected,  and  the  Grand  Master  con- 
firmed, Sir  Oliver  as  Lieutenant  Turcopolier. 
On  July  11,  1561,  Sir  Oliver  appealed  to  the 
Council  against  Sir  Pedro  Felizes  de  la  Nu$a, 
whom  Philip  and  Mary  had  appointed 
Bailiff  of  Eagle,  for  the  residue  of  a  bequest 
of  62  pounds  sterling  and  five  pence  by 
Cardinal  Pole  to  the  Tongue,  of  which  bequest 
the  Bailiff  had  only  paid  50  crowns  "  at 
xii  terynes  to  the  crowne."  On  Dec.  22, 
1561,  he  took  a  house  at  Birgu  on  lease  to 
serve  as  an  alberge  for  the  Tongue.  In  1563 
Sir  John  James  Sandilands  had  a  violent 
dispute  with  the  Lieutenant  Turcopolier  in 
the  Magisterial  Palace.  Felizes  de  la  Nuca 
was  killed  in  action  in  1565  during  the  defence 


44 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         ti2S.x. ^.21,1922. 


of  Fort  St.  Michael,  and  on  Dec.  15,  1565,  decision.  It  would  appear,  then,  that  Starkey 
Starkey,  who  became  Bailiff  of  Eagle  in  his !  had  died  before  this  last  date,  though  not 
stead,  petitioned  on  behalf  of  the  Tongue  long  before,  as  when  Romegas  died  in  1581 

the  baliage  of  Eagle  was  still  occupied  by 
Starkey,  who  opposed  Gonzales  de  Mendo£a's 
succession  to  the  Priory  of  Ireland.  Perhaps 
before  he  died  Starkey  had  become  Turco- 
polier,  for  Canon  Mifsud  writes  : — 


As  a  link  of  the  English  knights  with  La  Valette 
[i.e.,  Jean  Parisot  de  La  Valette,  the  Grand  Master, 
who  died  in  1568],  the  hero  of  the  siege  of  1565,  a 
slab  was  placed,  after  the  British  occupation,  in 
the  Grand  Masters'  crypt  in  St.  John's,  to  the 
memory  of  Sir  Oliver  Starkey,  the  last  English 
Turcopolier  of  the  Tongue  of  England. 

Who  put  up  this  slab  and  what  is  the  in- 
scription thereon  ?  Ormerod  says  that  Sir 
Oliver  Starkey  became  Grand  Prior  of  Eng- 
land, but  it  is  probable  that  this  is  a  mistake. 
See,  as  to  Sir  Oliver  Starkey,  Mifsud,  '  The 
English  Knights  Hospitallers  in  Malta ' 
(Malta,  1914),  passim ;  Calendar  of  State 
Papers,  Foreign,  1564,  p.  330 ;  Ormerod, 
'  Cheshire,'  ii.  188  ;  and  as  to  the  office  of  Tins 
copolerius,  1 1  S.  ii.  247,  336,  371  ;  iii.  12. 
JOHN  B.  WAINE  WRIGHT. 


for  certain  articles  belonging    to    him.       It 

was  reported  by  spies  that    Starkey  would 

be  willing  to  conform  to    Protestantism  if 

allowed  to  return  to  England. 

On  May  17,  1561,  Sir  Oliver  Starkey  and 

Sir  James  Shelley  had  been  placed  by  the 

Order  "  on  a  par  with  the  other  knights  of 

their    standing    in    the    matter    of    lodging, 

board,  and  raiment." 
Canon  Mifsud  says  : — 
Under  the  title  of  "  alberge,  table  and  soldea," 

they  received  pensions  adequate  to  their  rank, 

which  allowed  of  each  one  of  them  having  a  house 

of  his  own.     .     .     .     From  Starkey's  application 

presented  to,  and  passed  by,  the  Chapter  General 

held  in  Malta  on  5th  December,  1569,  it  appears 

that  he  was   in  receipt  of   a  pension  from  the 

Common  Treasury  of  102  scudi  and  6  tari,  besides 

the  "  gaggi  "  or  allowances  usually  paid  to  the 

Lieutenant  Turcopolier,  table  and  soldea,  allow- 
ances for  the  cook,  porter,  and  butler,  and  the 
rents  of  the  houses  belonging  to  the  Tongue. 
From  that  date  he  was  granted  an  increase  of 

15  scudi  to  the  allowances  of  the  Lieutenancy, 
to  make  up  the  60  scudi  which  were  paid  yearly  to 
the  other  Conventual  Bailiffs.  Later  on,  on  the 

21st  June,  1571,  Starkey  was  authorized  to  re- 
ceive a  penson  of  400  scudi  from  any  priory  what- 
soever, and  James  Shelley,  after  having  been 
granted  by  the  Common  Treasury  (20th  May, 

1573)  an  additional  pension  of  50  scudi,  obtained 
permission  from  the  Council  to  draw  from  the 
Treasury  up  to  300  scudi  (22nd  November,  1574). 
At  that  sitting  the  Bailiff  of  St.  Stephen,  Antonio 
Bologna,  gave  Shelley  50  scudi  out  of  the  rents  of 
his  own  baliage.  |  teenth  century  the  brothers 

It  appears  that  Sir  Richard  Shelley,  at  his  I  and      Thomas      Hodgson      carried      on 
own  request,  vacated  the  office  of  Turcopolier  |  business     of     plumbers     and     glaziers 
for  that  of  Grand  Prior  of  England,  Sept.  20, 

1561  ;  but  I  cannot  find  who  became  Turco- 
polier in  his  room.  On  July  13,  1559,  Sir 
George  Dudley  obtained  leave  of  absence 
from  Malta,  after  having  secured  the  rever- 
sion of  the  Turcopoliership/ but  it  does  not 

seem  that  he  ever  became  Turcopolier. 

Possibly  the  office  remained  vacant  until 
it  appeared  certain  that  no  reconciliation 
between  England  and  the  Catholic  Church 
was  possible.  Two  foreigners  were  ap- 
pointed by  briefs  of  Gregory  XIII. ;  first 
Mathurin  d'Aux  de  Lescout,  called  Romegas, 
and  then  Pedro  Gonzales  de  Mendoca.  The 
latter  renounced  the  post  April  15,  1578, 
which  was  eventually  annexed  to  the  Grand 
Mastership  by  brief  dated  June  9,  1582. 
The  military  duties  of  the  office  were  at  the 
same  time  permanently  vested  in  the 
Grand  Master's  Seneschal.  James  Shelley 
had  been  refused  (Dec.  14,  1581)  the  Lieu- 
tenancy of  the  Turcopoliership  pending  such 


GLASS -PAINTERS  OF  YORK. 

(See  ante,  12  S.  viii.  127,  323,  364,  406,  442, 
485;  ix.  21,  61,  103,  163,  204,  245,  268, 
323,  363,  404,  442,  483,  523.) 

THE  HODGSON  FAMILY. 

DURING   the    second    quarter    of   the    nine- 
William 
a 
at 

No.  25,  Stonegate,  which  had  been  estab- 
lished since  the  end  of  the  seventeenth 
century.  At  the  same  period,  Jean  Baptiste 
Capronnier,  the  famous  glass -painter  of 
Brussels,  was  rapidly  acquiring  a  world-wide 
reputation.  He  had  succeeded  to  the 
business  founded  by  his  father  Fran9ois,  the 
Belgian  reviver  of  the  art,  who,  after  having 
been  for  some  time  at  the  porcelain  manu- 
factory at  Sevres,  turned  his  attention  to 
glass -painting,  and  in  1830  founded  a 
studio  for  the  purpose.  J.  B.  Capronnier 
executed  very  many  windows  for  churches  in 
England  and  employed  William  and  Thomas 
Hodgson  to  fix  them.  At  that  time  there 
was  no  firm  of  glass -painters  in  York,  the 
Barnett  firm  having  been  broken  up  in  1853 
and  the  several  members  of  the  family  dis- 
persed in  various  directions.  These  con- 
siderations evidently  induced  the  Hodgsons 
to  start  as  glass -painters  on  their  own 
account,  and  they  induced  Mark  Barnett, 


12  S.X.JAN.  21,  1922. ; 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


45 


who  had  gone  to  Newcastle  and  entered  the  | 
studio  of  Wailes,  to  return  to  York  and  set  | 
them  up  in  the  business.  Several  agree- 
ments between  Mark  Barnett  and  the  firm 
still  exist.  One  of  these,  probably  the 
latest,  which  is  dated  Oct.  2,  1860,  was  an 
agreement  for  three  years  at  £2  per  week,  on 
the  expiration  of  which  two  promissory  notes  ! 
of  £10  and  £20  for  sums  of  money  advanced 
to  Barnett  from  time  to  time  by  Ms  employers 
were  to  be  made  void.  During  the  time 
Barnett  was  with  them,  Messrs.  Hodgson 
executed  windows  for  St.  Michael-le-Belfrey 
Church  in  1855,  for  St.  Mary's  Bishophill 
Junior,  the  east  window  of  Heslington 
Church,  and  windows  for  many  other  places. 
About  the  year  1863,  Mark  Barnett,  who  was 
of  unsteady  habits,  finally  left  York  and 
eventually  died  in  poverty  in  Manchester. 

The  glass -painting  was  afterwards  carried 
on  by  Richard  Lambert,  who  had  been  an 
apprentice  and  who  now  became  manager, 
and  by  two  apprentices,  Charles  Hardgrave 
and  Harry  Dickson.  However,  Mr.  T.  G. 
Hodgson,  the  present  proprietor,  on  succeed- 
ing his  uncle  and  father  in  the  ownership  and 
management  of  the  business,  closed  the 
stained-glass  department  as  he  found  it  did 
not  pay.  Richard  Lambert,  the  manager, 
went  up  to  London  to  try  to  enter  one  of  the 
studios  there.  He  had,  however,  been 
trained  under  Mark  Barnett  to  work  in  the 
manner  of  the  early  revivers,  with  colours 
mixed  with  oil  of  spike,  and  the  difficult 
water-colour  technique  adopted  by  the  Lon- 
doners frightened  him  so  much  that  he  aban- 
doned glass -painting  and  went  to  the 
Potteries. 

The  two  apprentices,  Harry  Dickson 
and  Charles  Hardgrave,  had  long  and 
useful  careers  before  them.  Harry  Dickson, 
who,"  happily,  is  still*  alive,  was  born 
in  1848  and  began  glass -painting  at  Hodg- 
son's when  he  was  1 6  years  of  age.  Two  or 
three  years  later  he  left  them  and  went  to 
London,  where  he  worked  for  some  of  the 
principal  studios,  including  Messrs.  Clayton 
and  Bell,  Messrs.  Ward  and  Hughes,  Messrs. 
Bell  and  Almond  and  others.  He  eventually 
returned  to  York  and  was  for  over  14  years 
in  the  studio  of  the  writer's  father.  He  sub- 
sequently went  to  the  North  Eastern  Rail- 
way Company's  carriage  works  to  carry  out 
glass -painting  and  heraldic  and  decorative 
work,  where  he  has  been  ever  since.  His  son, 
George  Dickson,  entered  the  studio  of  J.  W. 
Knowles  in  1889,  and  after  being  there  for 
«ome  years  joined  his  father  at  the  North 


Eastern  Railway  Company,    where   he  still 
is. 

The  other  apprentice,  Charles  Hardgrave, 
was  bom  in  1850,  and  was  the  son  of  Michael 
Hardgrave,  coppersmith  in  Fossgate,  York. 
In  1867,  when  he  was  17  years  of  age,  he  won 
a  scholarship  at  the  National  School  of  De- 
sign, South  Kensington  (now  the  Royal 
College  of  Art),  with  a  design  for  a  five -light 
window.  In  1871  he  entered  the  studios  of 
Messrs.  Powell  of  Whitefriars  and  supervised 
for  them  the  mosaic  in  St.  Paul's  after 
Raphael's  '  Disputation,'  and  the  reredos  of 
Clifton  College  Chapel  after  Holman  Hunt's 
'  Finding  of  the  Saviour  in  the  Temple,' 
whilst  the  mosaics  in  All  Souls'  Church, 
Hastings,  were  from  his  designs.  He  was  a 
fine  colourist  and  frequently  exhibited  at 
the  Royal  Academy  designs  for  mosaics  and 
glass.  Probably  his  most  successful  windows 
were  the  great  north  transept  windows  in 
Bristol  Cathedral,  the  east  window  of  Rom- 
sey  Abbey,  and  the  east  window  of  the  church 
of  St.  Edmund  King  and  Martyr,  Lombard 
Street.  He  died  in  August,  1920. 

Mr.  T.  G.  Hodgson  still  possesses  a  large 
number  of  cartoons  and  drawings,  also 
numerous  panels  of  glass  done  by  Mark 
Barnett  and  others.  On  Nov.  5  last,  a  "  pre- 
liminary announcement  to  the  clergy  and 
others  interested,"  which  appeared  in  The 
Yorkshire  Herald,  stated  that  at  an  early  date 
there  would  be  offered  for  sale  by  auction  "  a 
large  quantity  of  valuable  Old  York  Stained 
Glass,  including  six  full  lights,  20  panels  of 
groups,  and  a  large  number  of  geometrical 
designs  .  .  .  the  work  of  a  well-known 
York  artist,  [which]  were  painted  upwards 
of  70  years  ago." 

JOHN  A.  KNOWLKS. 


BYRON  AND  CAMPBELL  : 
A  PARALLEL. 

IT  is  a  Well-known  fact  that  Byron,  in 
his  rather  free  appropriation  of  phrases  and 
images  from  other  authors,  borrowed  several 
times  from  Thomas  Campbell.*  Yet  little 
notice  has  been  taken  of  Campbell's  debt 
to  Byron  ;  partly,  perhaps,  because  of  the 
former's  relative  unimportance  as  a  poet, 

*  '  Works,'  ed.  of  E.  H.  Coleridge,  London, 
1899.  The  following  parallels  are  pointed  out  :— 
'  Childe  Harold,'  Canto  IX.,  st.  i.,  and  '  Battle 
of  the  Baltic,'  ii.,  11.  1-2 — *  Siege  of  Corinth,'  246, 
and  '  Pleasures  of  Hope,'  ii.  207 — '  Childe  Harold,' 
I.  x.  6,  and  '  Gertrude  of  Wyoming,'  II.  viii.  1 — 
'  Don  Juan.'  I.  Ixxxviii.,  and  '  Gertrude  of 
Wyoming,'  III.  i. 


46 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [12 S.X.JAN. 21, 1922. 


and  partly  on  account  of  the  obscurity  of 
his  later  works. 

Campbell's  obligation  is  nowhere  more  j 
evident  than  in  '  Lines  on  the  View  from  i 
St.  Leonards  '  (1831),  where  diction,  imagerj^,  | 
thought  and  mood  show  the  influence  of  j 
'Childe  Harold,'  Canto  IV.  A  few! 
quotations  from  each  poem  make  com- 
ment unnecessary  : — 

'  C.H.' 

Thou  glorious  mirror,  where  the  Almighty's  form  i 
Glasses  itself  in  tempests. 

'  St.  L.' 

Hail  to  thy  face  and  odours,  glorious  Sea  ! 
It  is  the  mirror  of  the  stars,  where  all 
Their  hosts  within  the  concave  firmament, 
Can  see  themselves  at  once. 

'  C.H.' 
...   upon  the  watery  plain. 

'  St.  L.' 

Earth  has  not  a  plain 
So  boundless  and  so  beautiful  as  thine. 

'C.H.' 

There  is  society  where  none  intrudes. 
By  the  deep  Sea,  and  music  in  its  roar. 

'  St  L.' 
Great  beauteous  Being !    .    .    . 

.    .    .   How  welcomer 
Thy  murmurs  than  the  murmurs  of  the  world  ! 

'  C.H.' 
.    .    .   thine  azure  brow. 

1  St.  L.' 

With  yonder  sky — thy  mistress.     From  Tier  brow    '\ 
Thou  tak'st  thy  moods.    .    .    . 

'  C.H.' 
Calm  or  convulsed,  in  breeze  or  gale  or  storm. 

'  St.  L.' 

Mighty  Sea  ! 
Chameleon-like  thou  changest.    .    .    . 

'  C.H.' 

Man  marks  the  ea.rth  with  ruin,  his  control 
Stops  with  thy  shore. 

'  St.  L.' 

Creations  Common  !   which  no  human  power 
Can  parcel  or  enclose.    .    .    . 

And  brook'st   commandment   from  the  Heavens 
alone. 

'  C.H.'      * 
I  have  loved  ihee.  Ocean  ! 

'  St.  L.' 

.    .    .    and  the  natural  human  heart 
Fs  therefore  bound  to  thee  with  holy  love. 

'  C.H.' 
Dark-lieavlnq. 

'  St.  L.' 
His  darker  hints. 

'  C.H.' 

.    .    .    boundless,  endless,  and  sublime — 
The  image  of  the  Eternity — 
Tune  writes  no  wrinkles  on  thine  azure  brow  : 
Such  as  creation's  dawn  beheld,  thou  rollest  now.  i 

'  St.  L.' 

Old  Ocean  was 

Eternity  of  ages  ere  we  breathed 
Existence,  and  he  will  be  beautiful 
When  all  the  living  world  that  see«  him  now 
Shall  roll  unconscious  dust  around  the  sun. 


Only  a  careful  reading  of  the  two  poems,, 
however,  can  give  an  adequate  idea  of  the- 
extent  of  Campbell's  borrowing.  It  may  be 
objected  that  there  are  only  a  few  things  to- 
gay  about  the  ocean,  and  that  these  are 
common  property  of  poets.  But  originality 
of  conception  and  image  and  phrase  are 
reasonably  expected  of  a  poet,  and  these 
Campbell  can  hardly  be  said  to  have  given 
us  in  the  ''Lines  on  the  View  from  St. 
Leonards.' 

This  is  not  the  only  instance  of  Campbell's 
too  great  dependence  on  Byron.  The 
former's  'Last  Man'  (1823)  was  so  much 
like  Byron's  'Darkness'  (published  1816) 
that  the  poet  thought  it  best  to  justify 
himself  by  explaining  in  a  letter  to  his 
frien.d  Gray  that  the  idea  expressed  in  the 
two  poems  was  originally  his  own.*  Nor 
is  it  the  first  charge  of  plagiarism  brought 
against  him.  For  in  1825,  in  the  columns 
of  Blackwood's,  one  who  signed  himself 
"  Detector "  pointed  out  the  fact  that 
'To  a  Rainbow  '  must  have  been  written 
with  Vaughan's  poem  on  the  same  theme  in 
mind.f  In  this  case  plso  there  is  enough 
similarity  of  phrase  and  thought  to  warrant 
a  note  or  annotation,  but  no  edition  of 
Campbell's  poetry  has  a  comment  on  the 
parallelism. 

WALTEB  GBAHAM. 
Western  Reserve  University, 
Cleveland,  Ohio,  TJJS.A. 


NEEDHAM'S  POINT  CEMETERY,  BAR- 
BADOS— JAMES  SIMS  (see  ante,  p.  23). — 
It  will  be  noted  that  the  list  of  the  English 
dead  who  lie  buried  in  this  cemetery  includes 
the  name  of  James  Sims,  naval  t-chool- 
master  of  H.M.S.  Bacchante,  which  took 
Prince  Albert  Victor,  and  Prince  George  of 
Wales  round  the  world  in  1879-80.  This 
young  man  died  on  Jan.  1,  1880,  in  hospital, 
to  which  he  had  been  transferred  from  the 
ship  on  the  preceding  day,  at  the  early  age 
of  23.  It  is  recorded  in  '  The  Cruise  of  Her 
Majesty's  Ship  Bacchante  '  (London,  Mac- 
millan  and  Co.,  1886)  that  he  was  buried  at 
5.30  p.m.  on  the  same  day  ki  in  the  military 
cemetery  by  the  edge  of  the  sea,"  and  that 
"  George  [now  King  George  V.]  happening  to 
have  that  watch,  marched  as  the  midship- 
man in  charge  of  the  funeral  party  of 

*  Seattle,  '  Life  and  Letters  of  Thomas 
Campbell,'  vol.  ii.,  p.  243.  Of.  London  Magazine 
and  Review,  1825,  new  series,  vii.  588. 

t  '  Plagiarism  by  Mr.  Thomas  Campbell,  'Black- 
icood's,  xviii.  13U 


12S.X.JAX.21.1922.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


47 


bluejackets    and    marines    under    the   first 
lieutenant."  ALGERNON  ASPINALL. 

[We  regret  that  the  above  came  too  late  to  be 
Inserted  as  a  footnote  to  the  list  contributed  at 
the  reference.] 

A  NEW  CRITICISM  OF  CASANOVA'S 
*  MEMOIRES.' — Students  of  the  eighteenth 
•century  who  are  able  to  read  German  will  be 
much  interested  in  Gust a v  Gugitz's  new 
volume,  'Giacomo  Casanova  und  sein  Lebens- 
roman,'  Verlag  Ed.  Strache — Vienna,  Prague 
and  Leipzig.  Herr  Gugitz  is  an  accomplished 
Vienne  e  scholar,  with  a  prof  o und  knowledge 
of  the  period,  and  he  has  made  a  close  study 
of  the  Memoirs  of  Casanova  for  many 
years.  He  appears  to  rate  them  far  higher 
from  a  literary  and  psychological  stand- 
point than  from  a  historical  one  and  is  able 
to  show  that  in  some  places  they  are  un- 
reliable and  even  purely  fictitious.  This 
book  is  a  most  notable  and  scholarly  con- 
tribution to  the  subject  and  deserves  the 
careful  attention  of  all  students  of  the 
great  autobiography.  He  devotes  a  long 
chapter  to  the  relationship  between  the 
adventurer  and  the  famous  Madame 
Therese  Cornelys,  and  is  of  the  opinion  that 
she  treated  Casanova  far  more  generously 
than  he  acknowledges.  Other  chapters 
deal  with  Casanova's  sojourn  at  Constan- 
tinople ;  his  connexion  with  Cardinal 
Bernis ;  his  mission  to  Holland  ;  and  his 
celebrated  escape  from  the  prison  "  under 
the  leads,"  &c.  It  is  a  most  erudite  book, 
with  copious  documentation  and  is  illustrated 
profusely.  HORACE  BLEACKLEY. 

SCHOOLMASTERS  IN  1714  AND  1759. — The 
following  names  are  taken  from  the  Lists 
of  Subscribers  to  Walker's  '  Sufferings  of 
the  Clergy '  and  to  Warner's  ;  Ecclesiastical 
History  of  Engfand  '  :<*— 

WALKER,   1714. 

Rev.  Tho.  Alleyn,  Colchester. 

Robert  Dawbie,  Wolverhampton. 

Rev.  Mr.  Drake,  Pocklington. 

Rev.  Mr.  Franklin,  Earl's  Colne,  Essex. 

J.  Marsh,  Wolverhampton,  writing-master. 

Rev.  Tho.  Parsell,  Merchant  Taylors'  School. 

Humph.  Pipe,  M.A.,  Apleby,  Leicester. 

Mr.  Pledwell,  Abingdon. 

Rev.  Mr.  Rayner,  Tiverton. 

Rev.  Mr.  Rose,  Pontefract. 

Richard  Skirman,  M.A.,  Henly. 

Rev.  Mr.  Treherne,  Hereford.     (12) 
WARNER,   1759. 

Rev.  Mr.  Ball,  Chelmsford. 

Rev.  Dr.  Barnard,  Eaton. 

Rev.  Mr.  Clark,  Wakefield. 

Rev.  Mr.  Newling,  Shrewsbury. 

Rev.  Mr.  Swainden,  Greenwich.     (5) 

RICHARD  H.  THORNTON. 


'  CASTLE  DALY  '  AND  GAL  WAY. — Current 
events  may  perhaps  induce  some  people 
to  turn  then-  attention  to  this  novel  of 
Ireland  at  the  time  of  the  famine,  by  Annie 
Keary.  The  author's  descriptions  of  Conne- 
mara  scenery  and  Irish  peasant  life  are 
very  good,  accurate  and  sympathetic,  but 
in  her  account  of  a  journey  to  Galway  she 
has  made  two  mistakes  that  show  that 
!  she  was  not  as  familiar  with  the  "  City  of 
the  Tribes  "  as  with  Connemara. 

She  seems  to  have  thought  it  possible 
for  a  rowing  boat  to  float  down  from 
Lough  Corrib  straight  into  Galway  Bay 
"  by  the  narrow  channel  that  connects 
the  lake  with  the  bay,"  and  before  the 
voyagers  were  out  of  this  narrow  channel 
(which  I  suppose  is  Friar's  Cut,  referred 
to  shortly  afterwards),  "  Galway  harbour, 
with  the  Atlantic  beyond,"  and  at  the 
same  time  "  the  waters  of  the  lake  stretched 
out  far  behind  them,"  were  visible  (chap, 
xxxix.).  Now  my  recollection  is  that  this 
is  impossible.  Besides,  Lough  Corrib  is 
separated  from  Galway  Bay  by  the  narrow 
and  deep  channel  of  Friar's  Cut,  opening 
out  at  the  town  end  into  a  wider  stretch 
of  water  held  up  by  a  weir  and  ideal  for 
rowing  and  sailing  boats,  but  also,  below 
this,  by  a  broad,  rapid  and  shallow  reach 
of  river  navigable  only  by  salmon.  From 
I  this  channel  and  backwater  several  canals 
I  take  off  and  traverse  the  town,  and  on  one 
j  of  these,  by  negotiating  a  series  of  loughs, 
it  might  be  possible  for  a  boat  to  reach 
the  docks  and  the  bay.  But  of  this  I 
!  am  not  certain. 

The    other    mistake    is    in    the    location 

I  attributed   to   the    house    of   James   Lynch 

;  FitzStephen,  the  fifteenth-century  Mayor  of 

!  Galway,  who  from  one  of  its  windows  hanged 

his  own  son.   The  author  says  : — 

They  were  now  walking    down    Castle  Street, 
'and  .  .  .  stopped  before  the  monument  let  into  • 
the    wall    of    Lynch    Castle,    to    mark   the   spot 
where  the   stern   father   executed   his   rebellious 
i  son  with  his  own  hands,  in  the  face  of  an  exe- 
crating Celtic  crowd,  who  could  not  appreciate 
]  the    immolation    of    live    family    love    to    dead 
law  (chap.  xl.). 

But   the   monument   is   not   let   into   the 

j  wall    of    Lynch    Castle,    which    still    exists 

I  in   Castle   Street,    a   street   that   runs   past 

'  the  south  side  of  the  old  Collegiate  Church 

!  of  St.  Nicholas  ;   it  is  on  the  wall  of  a  ruined 

house   on   the   north   side    of   St.    Nicholas, 

i  just    below    the    window    from    which    the 

mayor    is    supposed    to    have    hanged    his 

son.    He  executed  him  not  so  much  because 


48 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [12  s.x.  JAN.  21, 1922. 


he  was  "  rebellious "  as  because  he  had 
murdered  his  friend  (a  Spaniard),  and  no 
one  else  would  do  it.  The  name  of  the 
street  which  the  house  faces  is  Market 
Street.  PENRY  LEWIS. 


©uerietf. 

WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries 
in  order  that  answers  may  be  sent  to  them  direct. 


RUVIGNY'S  PLANTAGENET  ROLL. — The 
late  Marquis  of  Ruvigny,  for  some  time  prior 
to  his.  death,  was  collecting  materials  for 
Part  II.  of  his  '  Mortimer-Gercy '  volume, 
Part  I.  of  which  was  published  in  1911.  In 
whose  hands  are  his  MSS.  ?  Was  the  part 
at  all  near  completion  at  his  death  ?  It  was 
his  intention  to  bring  out  a  series  of  volumes, 
embracing  all  the  known  descendants  of 
King  Edward  III. — a  most  formidable  task. 
I  know  that  the  present  high  cost  of  printing 
was  a  barrier  to  the  completion  of  his  work. 
W.  G.  D.  FLETCHER,  F.S.A. 

'  BRITISH  MELODIES,'  printed  for  the 
Editor  (not  for  sale)  by  John  Stacy,  Norwich, 
post  8vo,  n.d.  An  introductory  essay  called 
'  The  Pilgrimage  of  Living  Poets  to  the 
Stream  of  Castaly  '  is  signed  J.  H.  R.  My 
copy  has  a  pencil  correction  of  H  to  L  and 
"  Joseph  Ritson "  almost  illegibly  written 
underneath.  Can  anyone  confirm  this  as- 
cription or  the  date  1820  given  in  the  British 
Museum  Catalogue,  and  identify  any  of  the 
"  many  original  pieces  never  before  pub- 
lished "  in  the  volume  ? 

CHRISTOPHER  STONE. 

Peppers,  near  Steyning. 

PORTRAIT  OF  NELSON  BY.  H.  EDRIDGE. — 
The  '  D.N.B.'  mentions  a  drawing  (small 
full-length  figure,  facing  the  spectator)  exe- 
cuted in  1802  and  purchased  by  the  Trustees 
of  the  National  Portrait  Gallery  in  1891. 
I  have  a  half-length  oval  engraving  (stipple) 
by  W.  Evans  of  a  drawing  by  H.  Edridge, 
published  May  12,  1798,  by  Molteno,  and 
should  be  grateful  for  information  as  to  the 
original  portrait. 

CHRISTOPHER  STONE. 

Peppers,  near  Steyning. 

LAND  MEASUREMENT  TERMS. — In  going 
through  some  old  East  Yorkshire  and  Lin- 
colnshire terriers  I  have  frequently  come 
across  the  word  "  wylot,"  obviously  as  a 


term     signifiying     a    certain    measurement. 
For  instance  : — 

Little  Field — (arable)  the  narrow  Heudale 
North  of  Edmund  Julian  1 — 3  Gad.  Stutfold 
Meadow  :  A  2  gad  at  Short  Gildam  Ends.  A 
wylot  at  Toft  Balk  End.  A  2  gad  in  Littlefield 
Arcass  Carr.  A  3  gad  at  Stutfold  End  going  to 
Black  but  side. 

The  word  "  bidale  "  (more  often  spelled 
"bidle")  also  occurs  frequently  as  a 
measurement  of  land.  A  "  gad "  repre- 
!  sented  a  perch  or  10ft.,  but  what  was  a 
"  wylot  "  and  what  a  "  bidle  "  and  also  a 
"  gildam,"  which  also  occurs  thus :  "  (1)  3  Gad 
gildam  3d  of  Toft  Balk  "  ? 

I  gather  that  the  land  had  been  "  Com- 
mons "  and  had  in  1796  (the  date  of  the 
terriers)  come  into  private  ownership. 

J.  FAIRFAX-BLAKEBOROUGH. 

Grove  House,  Norton-on-Tees. 

HENSHAW  OF  UTTOXETER  AND  CHESHUNT  r 
WEAKE  OF  NORFOLK. — Can  any  reader 
give  me  any  particulars  regarding  the 
Henshaws  who  came  originally  from  Cam- 
bridge Hall,  Uttoxeter  ?  In  the  reign  of 
Charles  I.,  the  head  of  the  family  was 
Receiver -General  of  Taxes  for  the  County 
of  Derby.  His  son  settled  in  London,  and 
it  was  his  son,  Robert  Henshaw,  who  lived 
at  Cheshunt,  who  gained  eminence  as  a 
"  black-letter  lawyer  "  ;  he  was  a  Commis- 
sioner of  Bankruptcy  and  Governor  of  Guy's 
Hospital  and  Christ's  Hospital.  He  mar- 
ried Elizabeth  Weake,  daughter  of  William 
Weake,  said  to  be  "  Chief  Clerk  in  the 
House  of  Commons."  His  family  were 
related  to  Anne  Boleyn,  and  Elizabeth 
Henshaw  inherited  the  baby  clothing  of 
Queen  Elizabeth,  which  passed  to  her 
daughter  Henrietta,  who  married  James 
Rattray  of  Arthurstone  in  1774.  Is  there 
any  account  of  these  two  families  in  any 
county  or  local  history  ?  I  should  be 
glad  to  obtain  any  particulars  concerning 
them.  (MRS.)  A.  N.  GAMBLE. 

Gorse  Cottage,  Hook  Heath,  Woking. 

ARMSTRONG. — John  Armstrong,  a  farmer 
of  South  Benfleet,  in  Essex,  married  Mary, 
daughter  of  Joseph  Thorn  of  St.  Osyth, 
and  died  in  1803.  His  son,  the  Rev.  John 
Armstrong  of  St.  John's  College,  Cam- 
bridge (in  1806),  afterwards  married  Eliza- 
beth Damont.  Another  son  was  a  doctor 
in  London.  Information  concerning  the 
descent  of  this  family,  who  by  the  name 
presumably  came  originally  from  the  Border, 
is  requested.  ENQUIRER. 


12 ax. j«.. ai,  1922.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


J.  M.  W.  TURNER  AND  HADDON  HALL. — 
Did  Turner  paint  Haddon  Hall  from  the 
west  bank  of  the  River  Wye  or  is  there  any 
engraving  of  same  known,  by  Turner  ?  If 
so,  where  might  either  be  seen  ?  H.  S. 

KING  FAMILY  BOOK-PLATES. — I  possess 
two  book-plates  of  the  King  family,  namely, 
Thomas  King  and  Captain  William  King, 
R.N.  Arms  :  Gules  a  lion  statant  gardant 
argent,  between  three  ducal  coronets,  two 
and  one,  or.  Crest  :  On  a  wreath  of  the 
colours,  a  talbot's  head  erased,  collared  and 
ringed  or.  Also  a  book-plate  of  Mrs.  William 
Heath  (nee  King),  a  lozenge  with  the  same 
arms  impaling  Heath.  To  what  family  of 
King  did  they  belong  and  where  can  a  pedi- 
gree be  seen  ?  Are  the  arms  and  crest  regi- 
stered at  the  College  of  Arms  ?  Any  informa- 
tion respecting  the  families  of  King  and 
Heath  would  be  much  appreciated, 

LEONARD  C.  PRICE. 

Essex  Lodge,  Ewell. 

'  THE  RUNNING  HORSE,'  PICCADILLY. — 
The  Observer  of  the  1st  inst.  states  that,  in 
excavating  for  the  new  club  for  the  R.A.F.  in 
Piccadilly,  pewter  tankards  of  the  eighteenth 
century  bearing  the  inscription  '  The  Run- 
ning Horse  '  were  dug  up. 

No  such  inn  is  named  by  Mr.  de  Castro  in 
his  list  of  eighteenth-century  inns  and  taverns. 
Perhaps  he  will  enlighten  us.  It  may  be 
'  The  Running  Horse  '  was  not  a  place  of 
public  entertainment,  though  that  seems 
unlikely.  W.  R.  DAVIES. 

GEORGE  HENRY  HARLOW,  the  artist,  was 
born  in  St.  James  Street,  London,  on  June  10, 
1787,  and  is  described  in  the  '  D.N.B.,'  xxiv. 
408,  as  the  "  posthumous  son  of  a  China 
merchant."  I  should  be  glad  to  learn  fuller 
particulars  of  his  parentage. 

G.  F.  R.  B. 

SIR    ROBERT    HESILRIGGE,    BART. — Suc- 
ceeded as  eighth  baronet,  April  23,  1763.    He 
is   said   to    have   been   disinherited   by   his  i 
father  and  to  have  emigrated  to  America,  j 
I  should  be  glad  to  ascertain  the  date  and  j 
place  of  his  death,  as  well  as  the  date  of  his 
marriage  with  Sarah,  daughter  of  Nathaniel 
Waller  of  Roxburgh,  New  England. 

G.  F.  R.  B. 

DALSTONS  OF  ACORNBANK,  Temple 
Sowerby,  Westmorland.  This  family  re- 
ceived from  Henry  VIII.  a  grant  of  this 
estate  formerly  belonging  to  the  Knights 
Templars.  In  1601  or  thereabouts  some 


of  the  family  emigrated  to  Ireland.  Is  a 
pedigree  of  the  family  in  existence  showing 
the  names  of  the  family  which  went  to 
Ireland,  and  whether  they  changed  their 
name  on  settling  there,  a?  the  name  Dalston 
does  not  appear  to  be  known  there  ? 

STEMMA. 

TURNER  FAMILY.- — I  seek  genealogical 
details  of  the  ancestry  and  descendants  of 
the  following,  whose  wills  were  proved  at 
Chester  in  the  year  mentioned  after  their 
names  : — 

Turner,  Charles,  of  Liverpool,  Mariner,  1799. 
William,  of  Rochdale,  Weaver,  1799. 
William,  of  Manchester,  Calender,  1797. 
„        John,  of  Manchester,  Yeoman,  1713. 
James,  of  Manchester,  Weaver,  1745. 
William,  of  Manchester,  .  .  .   1803. 
Edmund,  of  Rochdale,  Yeoman,  1801. 
James,  of  Rochdale,  .  .  .   1806. 
Thomas,  of  Cark-in-Cartmell,  1727. 
Thomas,  of  Ulverston,  .  .   .   1727. 

Also  of  the  following  Freemen  of  Chester  : — 

Turner,  William,  younger,  Feltmaker. 
„        Samuel,  ,,  „ 

„        Edward,  gentleman  .  .  .   1783. 
„        John,  son  of  William  Turner  of  Chester, 

1690. 
„        Robert,  Tailor,  of  Chester,  1573. 

JAMES  SETON-ANDERSON. 
39,  Carlisle  Road,  Hove,  Sussex. 

FINAL  "  DEN  "  IN  KENTISH  PLACE- 
NAMES. — Many  Kentish  place-names  end 
in  "  den.'1  From  whence  is  this  derived  ? 
J.  LANDFEAR  LTJCAS. 

101,  Piccadilly. 

AUTHORS  WANTED. — 1.  Can  any  reader  name 
the  author  of  the  following  lines  ? — 

"  When  Spring's  voice  is  heard 

In  that  minor  third 
Which  none  but  the  cuckoo  knows." 

A.  G, 

2.  *  Margaret's  Tomb.'  I  have  in  my  possession 
an  engraving  called  '  Margaret's  Tomb,'  by 
Bartolozzi  after  Bunbury.  At  the  bottom  of  the 
engraving  are  some  lines  of  which  I  enclose  a  copy. 
Can  anyone  tell  me  where  the  lines  come  from  ? 
I  have  searched  through  a  good  many  poets  and 
have  shown  them  to  a  good  many  friends  without 
success. 

MARGARET'S    TOMB. 

Her  bloom  was  like  the  springy  flower 

That  sips  the  silver  dew  ; 
The  rose  was  budded  on  her  cheek 

Just  opening  to  the  view. 

But  love  had  like  a  canker  worm 

Consumed  her  early  pride  ; 
The  rose  grew  pale  and  left  her  cheek  ; 

Before  her  time  she  died. 


50  NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [12 S.X.JAN. 21, 1022. 


That  face,  alas,  no  more  is  fair,  :  the  late  A.   H.   Bullen,   to  whom,   in   1915, 

Those  lips  no  longer  red;  X  submitted  the  MS.  of  my  article  on  that 

And7verySche/rm^rfleCd  S  Pla^'  subsequently  sent  to  '  N.  &  Q.'      "  No 

T      ,  competent   reader,"    he   wrote   to   me   in  a 

London — published    May    10,    1799,    bv   Thos.    i    ,  i    ,  no      in-in  j      I~A 

Macklin,  Poet's  Gallery,  Fleet  Street,  ]®tter    dated    June    28>     1915>        can    doubt 

C.  BRIDGEWATER  WILLIAMS.       fch*J  ^u  have  shown  Webster  to  be  part 

author. 

3*  "^^SSS^S£J^^^          With  regard  to  cAppius  and  virginia>' 

HORACE  BLEMJKLEY         {i    Would    *?e    imPossible'    in    a    short    note 
such  as  this,   to   set  forth  my  reasons  for 

TRANSLATORS  WANTED. — Who  were  the  writers  j  disagreeing   with   those   critics   who   believe 
of  the  following  books  ? —  that  Heywood  had  "  a  main  finger  "  in  it. 

1.  The   Epistles  of  Ovid,  translated  into  Bng-   Their    chief    arguments    are    based    on    the 
lish  prose  as  near  the  original  of  the  Latin t  and  j  resemblances    between    its    vocabulary    and 
English  languages  as  will  allow,  with  the  Latin    ,-,  r    TT  i»        i  T.I 

text  and  order  of  construction  oA  the  same  page  ; !  that  of.  Heywood  s  plays,  resemblances  m 
and  critical,  historical,  geographical  and  classical  i  my  opinion  due  to  Heywood  s  influence 
notes  in  English  from  the  best  commentators,  both '  on  Webster.  To  me  the  style  of  the  plav 
ancient  and  modern  ;  beside  a  very  great  number  !  is  nowhere  like  Heywood's  and  shows 

^U°^of^It^entl^lnhe  Tte  mh^tion" !  abundant  traces  of  Webster's  workmanship. 

W"ll    *7T>    Ol    ^>IlVdl/"    gcIlLlt?IJJ.t?Il«  JL Jj.v5   mtn  CQ.IL1OJ1*  I  -•••  /"\l*      1  j.9  j_*     1  "  71  /T     J  7~>X.     1 

London  :  printed  for  J.  Nunn,  Great-Queen-Street ;!  Mr-  Oliphant  s  article  in  Modern  Fhil- 
R.  Priestley,  143,  High-Holborn  ;  R.  Lea,  Greek- 1  ology  on  Problems  of  Authorship  in 
Street,  Soho  ;  and  J.  Bodwell,  New-Bond-Street.  |  Elizabethan  Dramatic  Literature  '  is  well 

*^i^'™,  i  known  to  me,  and  had  already  led  me  to 

2.  The  Annals  and  History  of  Tacitus.     A  new  j  t__t        «  mj^        Rlnnrlv    "Rannnpf  '        T      HAA/P 
and  literal  English  version.      Oxford  :  D.  A.  Tal- 1  *as^  .   W     Bloody    Banquet. 

boys  and  1 1 3,  Fleet  Street,  London.    MDCCCXXXIX.  i  J^st  tried  jt  agam  and  find  in  it  no  flavour 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT.       ?f  Dekken      Nor   do    I  find   any   evidence 

to    support     Mr.     Oliphant  s    opinion    that 

Middleton  was   concerned   in   it.      Whether 

|  by  Thomas  Drue   or  not   (I   have  not  yet 

seen    his    '  Duchess    of    Suffolk ' ),  it    seems 

lAcullCS  ^  m®  a^  ^y  on®  hand. 

H.  DUGDALE  SYKES. 

'  ANYTHING   FOR   A   QUIET   LIFE.'          Enfield. 

(12  S.  ix.  181,  202,  225,  300  ;  12  S.  x.  11.)  JACOB  TONSON  AS  A  SPY  ON  PRIOR  (12  S. 
I  AM  pleased  to  find  that  my  attribution ;  ix.  482). — I  had  hoped  that  M.  DOTTIN'S 
of  a  substantial  part  of  this  play  to  Webster  i  contribution  would  elicit  correspondence 
is  confirmed  by  so  expert  a  critic  as  MR.  i  from  scholars  of  the  times  of  Queen  Anne. 
OLIPHANT.  His  division  of  the  text  between  i  It  is  only  because  none  has  appeared  that 
Middleton  and  Webster  corresponds  pretty ;  I  venture  to  express  the  hope  that  M. 
"closely  'with  my  own  (see  12  S.  ix.  300,  i  Dottin  will  give  English  people  the  further 
Where  mistakes  due  to  the  MS.  from  which '  results  of  his  studies,  for  he  appears  to  have 
my  article  was  printed  are  corrected),  struck  a  rich  vein  in  historical  records. 
Though  I  think  Mr.  Oliphant  has  given  j  We  now  begin  to  dimly  understand  why 
Webster  less  than  is  due  to  him,  I  admit  i  Lady  Mary  Wortley  Montagu  called  Boling- 
that  it  is  possible  that  I  have  given  him  j  broke  "that  vile  man,"  and  why  Addison 
rather  more,  and  that  some  scenes  I  have  spoke  of  "  cankered  Bolingbroke,"  two 
allotted  to  Webster  may  be  partly  Middle-  epithets  that  Mr.  Sichel  in  his  Life  of 

Bolingbroke  so  strongly  resents.  It  now 
becomes  more  intelligible  why  the  second 
Lady  Bolingbroke  had  to  pay  into  Lady 
Yarmouth's  private  account  £10,000  before 
any  question  of  a  pardon  for  her  husband 
would  be  listened  to  ;  a  fact  I  think  not 
stated  by  Mr.  Sichel.  M.  Dottin  will  have 


ton's. 

My  paper,  although  only  recently  pub- 
lished, was  written  in  1916,  shortly  after 
the  sale  of  Swinburne's  library  in  June  of 
that  year,  when  I  was  fortunate  enough 
to  secure  the  poet's  copy  of  Dyce's  '  Mid- 
dleton,' and  so,  for  the  first  time,  became 


able  to  study  the  play  at  leisure.  j  to    proceed    critically.        The    evidence    of 

Perhaps  I  may  add  that  my  assignment   spies    is    not    untainted  ;     they    are    often 
to  Webster  of  the  part-authorship  of  '  The   paid  by  "  results." 
'Fair   Maid   of   the   Inn '    was   endorsed   by  •  J.  PAUL  DE  CASTRO. 


12  S.  X.JAN.  21,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


51 


FlELDINGlANA      (12      S.      X.       7). W.      E. 

Henley's  observations  on  Taine's  bon  buffle 
are  relevant,  but  they  are  not  cited  as 
controverting  MB.  ARMSTRONG'S  criticism  : — 
Of  all  the  definitions  that  ever  were  defined 
Taine's  definition  of  Fielding  as  "a  good 
buffalo  "  strikes  one  as  one  of  the  most  absurd. 
But  Taine,  man  of  genius  as  he  was  born,  and 
savant  as  he  made  himself,  was  at  all  times  the 
prey  of  any  theory  that  happened  to  commend 
itself  to  his  imaginative  yet  very  logical  mind  ; 
and  either  this,  his  theory  of  Harry  Fielding, 
was  one  of  the  unluckiest  he  ever  developed,  or 
you  can  pay  no  man  a  higher  compliment  than 
to  call  him  a  Good  Buffalo.  For  consider  what, 
in  Fielding's  case,  is  comprehended  in  the  term. 
.  .  .  If  to  be  a  Good  Buffalo  be  all  that, 
why,  then,  I  can't  help  wishing  that  the  breed 
"were  more  prolific  ;  and  even  that  M.  Henri 
Taine  had  himself  belonged  to  it. 

J.  PAUL  DE  CASTRO. 

GERVASE  DE  CORNHTLL  (12  S.  viii.  229). — 
Owing  to  above  query,  I  have  received  so 
much  information  and  direction  that  1  be- 
lieve this  complicated  conundrum  to  be 
partly  solved. 

Query  A. — Roger  "nepos  Huberti,"  whom 
Dr.  Round  showed  us  to  be  the  father  of 
Gervase  de  Cornhill,  will  prove,  I  think,  to 
have  been  Roger  de  Villers,  brother  of  that 
Hamo  c  e  St.  Clair  who  succeeded  his  uncle, 
Eudo  Dapifer,  in  the  lordship  of  Colchester. 
I  must  not  cumber  your  columns  with  re- 
ferences or  citations,  but  pp.  42  and  120  of 
the  Chartulary  of  St.  John  the  Baptist  ci 
Colchester  (Roxburghe  Club)  give  the  basis 
of  the  proof.  We  find  there  that  Roger  de 
Villers  (not  to  be  confounded  with  Roger  de 
Valognes,  another  "  nepos  Eudonis ")  was 
brother  of  Hamo,  and  that  the  Hamo  in  ques- 
tion was  undoubtedly  Hamo  de  St.  Clair. 
Further,  just  as  the  Manor  of  Chalk  in  Kent 
was  granted  to  Gervase  de  Cornhill  at  the 
death  of  his  father  Roger  (who  had  held  it 
after  Adam  FitzHubert  and  Eudo  Dapifer, 
his  brother),  so  we  here  find  Hamo,  Roger's 
brother,  making  a  grant  of  tithes  in  that 
same  Chalk.  Both  Hamo  and  Roger  were 
thus  proprietors  in  Chalk,  both  "  nepotes 
Eudonis/'  "  nepotes  "  also  of  Eudo's  brother 
Hubert,  Castellan  of  Norwich  and  "  nepotes  " 
(grandsons,  not  nephews  in  this  case)  of 
Hubert  de  Rie,  which  was  to  be  demonstrated 
and  which  brings  the  De  Cornhills  of  Kent 
into  direct  descent  from  that  great  forefather. 

Query  B. — As  to  Herbert,  Chamberlain  to 
Henry  I.,  and  Hubert,  Chamberlain  to  King 
Stephen,  Hasted  makes  these  two  father  and 
.son.  With  due  hesitation,  I  submit  that 
Hasted  is  in  error,  and  that  if  he  founded  his 


assertion  on  the  entry  in  '  Magnus  Rotulus 

I  Scaccarii,'  31  Hen.  I.  (p.  37,   Hunter's  ed., 
1833),  where  Herbert  "  fil.  Herberti  Camer :  " 
renders  his  dues  for  "  terra  patris  sui,"  he 
had  not  necessarily  found  the  right  Cham- 
berlains, all  Chamberlains  not  being  "  Ca- 
merarii  Regis."     The  '  Catalogue  of  Ancient 
Deeds  '  (Record  Office),  shows  that  Richard 
de  Anesty  was  the  son  of  Stephen's  Hubertus 
Camerarius.     The    Chartulary    of   St.  John 
confirms  this  indirectly,  but  certainly  shows 
Hubertus  himself  to  be — what  was  to  be 
anticipated  from  his  close  association  WTith 
Gervase  de  Cornhill — the  son  of  the  afore- 
named Hamo  de  St.  Clair.     As  Gervase  was 
son  of  Hamo's  brother  Roger,  he  is  tlms  first 
cousin  to  Hubert,  and  they  both  are  great- 
grandsons  of  Hubert  de  Rie  (pp.   153,  154, 
158,   160,   164,  compared  with  pp.   146  and 

j  163  of  the  Chartu1  *ry  as  above,  outline  the 
i  evidence). 

This  ascendance  cuts  out  Herbert,  Cham- 
!  berlain  to  Henry  I.,  from  several  pleasing 
|  pedigrees,  unless  he  was  a  collateral,  and  we 
[  are  still  in  want  of  evidence  as  to  wrhether 
!  Hamo  a  A  Roger,  "  nepotes  Eudonis  et 
!  Huberti,"  were  sons  of  a  brother  or  of  a 
!  sister  of  those  great  men. 

Since  writing  above  I  have  re-read  the 
!  recently  issued  '  History  of  Norwich  Castle,' 
j  by  Mr.  Walter  Rye.  On  p.  52  he  appears  to 
!  hesitate  as  to  accepting  Hamo  de  St.  Clair 
as  Eudo's  nephew,  but  does  not  contest  the 
|  weight  of  Mr.  R.  W.  St.  Clair  of  Chicago's 
i  evidence  that  Roger  de  Villers  was  "  nepos 
!  Eudonis."  As  I  owe  to  these  two  authorities 
i  much  kind  guidance  and  valuable  suggestion, 

I 1  am  glad  to  see  that,  so  long  as  either  Hamo 
I  or  Roger,  whom  the  Chartulary  proves  to  be 
j  brothers,  can  claim  Eudo  as  uncle,  my  pedi- 

I  gree,  as  above,  stands. 

PERCY  HULBURD. 
124,  Inverness  Terrace,  W. 

'  NOT  So  BAD  As  WE  SEEM  '  :    CHARLES 

I  KNIGHT   (12  S.   x.    10).— This   was   Charles 

I  Knight,  the    author    and    publisher    (1791- 

1873),  a  close  friend  of  Dickens,  and  one  of 

the  "  splendid  strollers."     He  was  originally 

asked  to    play   the  part    of    Hodge   in  the 

i  Guild  of  Literature  and  Art  performances  of 

'  Not  So  Bad  As  We  Seem,'  and  in  reference 

to  that  wrote  : — 

For  myself,  I  should  have  been  well  contented 

!  with  "  Hodge  the  merry  servant."     But  my  pro- 

|  fessional  tastes  and  consequent  histrionic  capacity 

for  playing  the  part  of  a  scheming  publisher  of 

the  days  of  Sir  Robert  Walpole  were   considered, 

and  I  had  to  rehearse  the  part  of  Jacob  Tonson, 

the  bookseller. 


52 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [12  s.x.  JAN.  21, 1922. 


Forster,  in  his  '  Life  of  Charles  Dickens,' 
says : — 

Mr.  Tonson  was  a  small  part  in  the  comedy, 
entrusted    with    much      appropriateness    to    Mr. 
Charles  Knight,  whose  '  Autobiography '  has  this 
allusion    to     the     first     performance,    which,    as 
Mr.  Pepys  says,  is  "  pretty  to  observe."       ««  The 
actors  and  the  audience  were  so   close  together  j 
that  as  Mr.  Jacob  Tonson  sat  in  Wills's  Coffee-  j 
house  he  could  have  touched  with  his  clouded 
cane  the  Duke  of  Wellington." 

T.  W.  TYRRELL. 

St.  Elmo,  Sidmouth. 

PSALM  LXXXIII.  (12  S.  x.  8).— The  Vulgate,  I 
following  the  Septuagint,  begins  this  psalm  I 
With  the  words  "  Deus,  quis  similis  erit  tibi,"  ; 
accordingly  it  so  begins  in  the  breviaries,  | 
where  the  psalm  occurs  in  Friday  matins. ! 
Hence  it  was  commonly  known  as  the  "  Deus,  | 
quis  similis."      But  as  these  words  do  not 
occur  in  the  Hebrew,  they  were  rejected  in  the 
sixteenth  century  as  "  apocryphal,"  so  do  not 
appear  in  English  in  our  Prayer  Books  and  I 
Bibles.     I  can  no  longer  consult  the  earlier ! 
English  versions  in  primers  and  Bibles,  but : 
some  other  correspondent  may  be  able  to; 
tell  us  how  the  verse  stands  in  them. 

J.  T.  F. 

Winterton,  Lines. 

The  heading  of  this  psalm  in  the  Prayer  j 
Book    should  not  be  called  a  mistake,   as! 
these  Latin  words  are  not  translations,  rough ! 
or    otherwise,    of   an   English   version,    but  i 
taken  from  the  opening  of  the  corresponding 
psalms  in  the  Vulgate.     In  this  case  Psalm 
Ixxxii.  in  the  Vulgate  (  =  Ixxxiii.  in  the  Eng- 
lish) begins,  "  Deus,  quis  similis  erit  tibi  ? 
ne  taceas,  neque  compescaris  Deus." 

EDWARD  BENSLY. 

Reference   to    the   Vulgate   affords   some 
answer  to  this  query.     Psalm  Ixxxiii.  in  our  j 
English  versions  is  the  equivalent  of  Psalm  I 
Ixxxii.  in  the  Vulgate.      Of  this  latter  the 
first  verse  runs,  "  Deus,  quis  similis  erit  tibi  ? 
ne  taceas,  neque  compescaris  Deus." 

Our  Psalm  Ixxxiii.,  alike  in  the  Authorized 
Version  and  the  Prayer  Book,  ignores  the 
first  interrogative  clause  found  in  the  Vulgate 
and  in  the  Septuagint,  and  begins  our 
translations  at  "  Ne  taceas."  K.  S. 

The  Rev.  J.  M.  Neale,  in  his  '  Commentary 
on  the  Psalms,'  says,  regarding  verse  1, 
"  The  first  clause  of  this  verse  runs,  in  most  of 
the  older  translations  (LXX.  Vulg.  Aethiop., ! 
.Syr.,  Arab.),  'O,God,  who  shall  be  like  unto 
Thee  ?  ' 


In  a  psalterium  I  have  (Antwerp,  Plantin, 
1683)  the  first  verse  reads,  "  Deus,  quis 
similis  erit  tibi  ?  ne  taceas,  neque  com- 
pescaris Deus." 

J.  DE  BEBNIERE  SMITH. 

THE  FIFTH  PETITION  IN  THE  LORD'S 
PRAYER  (12  S.  ix.  508;  x.  11).— The  ques- 
tion still  remains,  Why  did  Tyndale,  or 
whoever  first  put  the  Lord's  Prayer  into 
English,  use  the  word  "  trespasses "  ? 
Reference  to  St.  Luke  xi.  4,  seems  to 
suggest  the  answer.  The  Greek  word 
there  is  a/zaprms-,  the  Latin  peccata. 

C.   A.   COOK. 

Sullingstead,    Hascombe,    Godalming. 

COL.  CHESTER'S  EXTRACTS  FROM  PARISH 
REGISTERS  (11  S.  vi.  90  ;  12  S.  ix.  389,  473, 
517). — G.  E.  C.'s  set  of  these  transcripts 
was  distributed  by  one  of  his  executors 
who  cannot  remember  where  they  went, 
but  I  still  believe  that  most  of  the  volumes 
were  presented  to  public  libraries  connected 
with  the  parishes  mentioned.  I  under- 
stand that  the  other  set  is  still  complete 
in  the  College  of  Arms.  C  OF  A 

"  STINT  OCULOS  CLARI  QUI  CERNIS  SIDERA 
TANQUAM"  (12  S.  x.  8). — The  answer  to 
the  query  on  the  authorship  of  this  line 
must  be,  I  am  afraid,  "  Anon.,  anon.,  sir.2* 
The  puzzle  is  given  among  a  batch  of 
"  Grammaticorum  illae  cruces  vulgatae, 
ob  constructionis  dimcultatem,  aut  vocum 
ambiguitatem  nobis  quoque  pueris  agitatae 
in  Scholis,"  in  the  *  Sylvula  Logogriphorum' 
at  the  end  of  the  second  part  of  Nicolas 
Reusner's  '  Aenigmatographia  '  (Frankfurt, 
1602),  p.  159.  As  Reusner  was  born  in 
1545,  the  line,  to  be  known  to  him  at 
school,  must  be  as  old  as  the  middle  of  the 
sixteenth  century.  And  to  how  many 
previous  generations  of  schoolboys  may  it 
not  have  been  familiar ! 

A  few  lines  lower  oji  Reusner's  page  are 

Mea  pater  in  sylvas,  filium  tuum  lupus  est, 
and 

Filia  sub  tilia  mea  net  subtilia  filar, 
and,    of    course,    the    jingle    with      '  Cane 
Decane." 

In    W.     Binder's     '  Flores     Aenigmatum 
latinorum '    (Stuttgart,     1857),    p.    94,    the 
line    "  Sunt    oculos    clari,"    &c.,    has    the 
following  line  attached  to  it  : — 
Dico  grammaticum,  versum  qui  construit  istum. 
EDWARD  BENSLY. 


12  S.X.JAN.  21,  1922.]  NOTES    AND    QUERIES. 


53 


"A  WALKING  DICTIONARY"  (12  S.  ix. 
527). — There  can  be  no  doubt  that  the 
origin  of  such  expressions  as  "a  walking 
dictionary"  and  "a  living  dictionary"  is  to 
be  found  in  a  passage  of  Eunapius's  '  Life 
of  Porphyry,'  in  which  he  speaks  of  Longinus 
as  "  a  living  library  and  a  walking  museum 
(or,  rather,  university)  "  :  Bt/3Xto0?^»7  ns  r\v 
tfji\}/v^os  KOI  TrepnraTOvv  [jLOV(reluv .  With  this  has 

been  compared  the  statement  of  the  scholiast 
on  Juvenal,  iv.  77,  that  Pegasus,  the 
jurisconsult,  was  commonly  called  a  book, 
not  a  man.  The  phrase  '  Living  Library  ' 
Was  familiarized  by  the  title  of  John  Molle's 
translation  of  Philip  Camerarius's  '  Horae 
Subcisivae  sive  Meditationes  Historicae,' 
which  appeared  in  1621  under  the  title  of 
'  The  Living  Librarie,'  &c.  It  is  curious 
that  in  one  of  the  British  Museum  copies 
of  this  first  edition  (that  in  the  Grenville 
Library)  the  title  is  printed  as  '  The  Walking 
Librarie.'  Robert  Burton  is  referring  to 
the  same  passage  of  Eunapius  when  he 
Writes,  in  the  introduction  to  his  '  Anatomy 
of  Melancholy,' 

All  those  of  whom  we  read  such  hyperbolical 
eulogiums,  as  of  Aristotle,  that  he  was  wisdom 
itself  in  the  abstract,  a  miracle  of  nature,  breathing 
libraries,  as  Eunapius  of  Longinus.     .     .     ." 
EDWARD  BENSLY. 

CARDINAL  NEWMAN  AND  WALES  (12  S. 
ix.  354,  438). — In  reply  to  his  question 
whether  Cardinal  Newman  and  his  brother 
F.  W.  Newman  had  family  or  other  ties 
with  Wales,  MR.  WILLIAMS  may  be  referred 
to  11  S.  vii.  385,  where  he  will  .find  an 
extract  from  The  Adelaide  Advertiser  com- 
municated by  the  late  SIR  J.  LANGDON 
BONYTHON.  An  account  is  there  given  by 
"  a  minister  now  resident  in  Adelaide," 
based  on  a  conversation  that  took  place 
"  in  the  seventies,"  of  the  visit  of  a  Baptist 
minister  to  Llandudno,  where  the  land- 
lady of  his  lodgings  told  him  of  a  Mr.  (Charles) 
Newman  living  in  her  house,  and  showed 
him  letters  written  to  her  by  his  brothers 
F.  W.  and  J.  H.  Newman. 

EDWARD  BENSLY. 

VANGOYEN,  A  DUTCH  PAINTER  (12  S.  x. 
8). — Jan  van  Goyen  was  born  at  Leyden 
in  1596  and  died  at  The  Hague  in  1656. 
Except  for  a  short  period  in  his  youth, 
spent  in  France,  he  dwelt  all  his  life  in  his 
native  country,  and  painted  Dutch  land- 
scapes and  seascapes.  Among  the  more 
eminent  of  his  masters  were  Isack  Claesz 
van  Swanenburgh,  who  died  in  1614,  and 
Esaias  van  de  Velde  (c.  1590-1630).  He 


was  father-in-law  of  Jan  Steen  (1626-1679). 
He  is  represented  by  at  least  five  works 
in  the  Louvre,  and  by  many  pictures  in 
Holland,  especially  in  the  Kyks  Museum 
at  Amsterdam.  Samuel  Maunder 's  '  Bio- 
|  graphical  Treasury  '  quaintly  observes  : — • 

He  possessed  great  facility  and  freedom  ;  his 
works  are  consequently  more  general  throughout 
Europe  than  those  of  any  other  master,  but  such 
as  are  finished  and  remain  undamaged  are  highly 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

Van-Goyen  (John),  a  landscape  painter  and 
|  aqua  tinta  engraver,  born  at  Leyden  in  1596. 
i  He  was  the  disciple  of  William  Geeritz  and  Isaiah 
Van  den  Velde.  His  compositions  generally 
represent  rivers  with  boats  and  fishing-barks, 
or  peasants  returning  on  the  water  from  market, 
and  in  the  back-ground  villages  or  small  towns. 
Some  of  his  engravings  from  his  own  designs 
are  very  rare,  and  bear  a  high  price.  He  died 
at  The  Hague  in  1656. — «  Biog  Univ.' 
So  writes  Gorton  in  his  '  General  Bio- 
graphical Dictionary '  (London,  1833).  A 
pleasing  specimen  of  his  painting,  a  copy 
of  which  hangs  before  me  as  I  write,  is  to 
be  found  in  the  National  Gallery  at  Dublin. 
HERBERT  W.  GREENE. 

"  'HEADS'  AS  THE  PIEMAN  SAYS  "  (12  S. 
xi.    449,    494,    536).— I  have   a   caricature, 
13in.  by  9in.,  by  T.  Rowlandson,  dated  1785, 
entitled  '  Too  many  for  a  Jew.'     The  scene 
is   a  village   green,   under  a  tree.     Half   a 
dozen    children    stand    round    a    Shylock- 
looking  pieman  who  is  looking  upward  at 
two  coins  which  have  been  thrown  into  the 
air  by  a  boy  standing  in  front  of  him.  Mean- 
while two  other  boys  standing  behind  have 
each  put  a  hand  under  the  pieman's  arms 
;  and  are  helping  themselves  to    pies    from 
I  the  open  basket  suspended  from  the  pie- 
!  man's  shoulder.     This  seems  to  carry  back 
I  the  "  toss-up  "  custom   to  pre -Pickwickian 
J  days.  SIDNEY  SPOKES. 

Portland  Place,  W. 

G.  E.  J.  POWELL  (12  S.  ix.  .529). — George 
Ernest  John  Powell,  born  Feb.  10,  1842, 
was  the  only  son  of  William  Thomas  Roland 
Powell,  Esq.,  of  Nant-Eos,  Co.  Cardigan, 
and  Cheltenham,  Co.  Gloucester,  J.P.,  and 
Edwyna,  his  wife,  eldest  daughter  of 
William  George  Cherry,  Esq.,  of  Buckland, 
Co.  Hereford.  He  was  educated  at  Eton 
and  at  Brasenose  College,  Oxford.  He 
matriculated  at  Oxford,  May  23,  1861,  and 
left  in  1862.  He  was  High  Sheriff  for 
Cardigan,  and  in  1881  married  Dinah  T. 
Harries  of  Goodwick,  Co.  Pembroke,  and 
died  without  issue  many  years  ago. 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 


54 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[12  S.  X.JAN.  21,  1922. 


The    late    Mr. ,  George    E.    J.    Powell    of ; 
Nant-Eos,  near  Aberystwyth,  a  Welsh  squire  j 
of    literary    and    artistic    tastes,    and    un- 
conventional character  in  other  ways,  was 
an   intimate   friend,   and   contemporary,   of 
Swinburne's.     He  was  a  benefactor  of  the 
University   College   of   Wales,  to  which   he  j 
gave  books,  pictures   by  Rossetti,   Simeon 
Solomon,  Leighton,  and  Herkomer,  and  a 
series    of   letters   from    Swinburne.     He    is,  \ 
it    may    be    presumed,    the     "  M.    Powel " 
sketched  in  Guy  de  Maupassant's  amusing, 
if  not  always  accurate,  '  Notes  sur  Algernon 
Charles  Swinburne,'  which  introduced  Gab- 
riel    Mourey's   translation   of    '  Poems    and 
Ballads  '    (Paris,    1891).      Maupassant   was 
spending  the   summer  of    1870  at   Etretat 
-when  Swinburne  was  staying  there   "  chez 
un  autre  Anglais     ...      M.  Powel,  pro- 
prietaire  d'un  petit  chalet  qu'il  avait  baptise  i 
'  Chaumiere  Dolmance.'  '       The  Frenchman  i 
was  a  guest  at  this  petit  chalet  on  more  than  j 
one  occasion  and  gives  a  vivacious  account 
of  his  experiences. 

Pendant  tout  le  dejeuner  on  paiia  d'art,  de 
litterature  et  d'humanite  ;  et  les  opinions  de  ces  ' 
deux  amis  jetaient  sur  les  choses  une  espece  de 
lueur  troublante,  macabre,  car  ils  avaient  une 
maniere  de  voir  et  de  comprendre  qui  me  les 
montrait  comnxe  deux  visionnaires  malades, 
ivres  de  poesie  perverse  et  magique. 

A  few  days  later  he  was  invited  to  feast 
on  a  roast  monkey  : — • 

L'odeur  seule  de  ce  r6bi  quand  j'entrai  dans  la 
maison  me  souleva  le  coeur  d'inquietude,  et  la 
saveur  affreuse  de  la  bete  m'enleva  pour  tou jours 
1'envie  de  recommencer  un  pareil  repas. 

This  time, 

ils  me  conterent  des  legendes  islandaises  traduites 

par    M.    Powel,    d'une    etrangete    saisissante    et 

terrible. 

We  are  told  that 

<ie  M.  Powel  etonnait  le  pays  par  une  vie 
«xtremement  solitaire  et  bizarre  aux  yeux  de 
bourgeois  et  de  matelots  peu  accoutumes  aux 
fantaisies  et  aux  excentricites  anglaises. 

He  and  his  friend  must  certainly  have  set  a 
high  standard  for  future  English  visitors  to 
Etretat.  EDWARD  BENSLY. 

"ABTEMUS  WARD"  (12  S.  ix.  310,  375, 
477). — Mr.  Don  C.  Seitz,  in  his  biography 
of  Artemus  Ward  published  in  1919  by 
Harper  and  Brothers,  gives  a  different 
origin  of  Mr.  Browne's  pen-name  from  MR. 
MORGAN  in  your  issue  of  December  10.  Mr. 
Seitz  says  (pp.  24  and  25) : — 

The  nom  de  plume,  though  variously  accounted 
for,  in  one  instance  as  the  misspelling  of  the 
cognomen  of  the  Revolutionary  general,  Artemas 
Ward,  was  really  a  home  product.  Waterford, 


his  native  town,  was  a  land-grant  given  to  pay 
claims  rising  out  of  Sir  William  Phipps's  expedi- 
tion against  the  French  of  Canada  in  1690.  The 
Province  of  Massachusetts  Bay,  having  failed 
to  collect  enough  from  the  spoil  of  the  Acadians 
to  pay  the  bills,  gave  away  much  land.  Some 
of  this  lay  in  New  Hampshire,  and  the  grants 
were  disallowed  by  that  colony  in  1739.  Maine, 
being  then  part  of  the  Bay  State,  was  drawn 
upon  to  make  good  in  1774  to  the  heirs  of  past 
creditors,  and  Waterford  was  a  slice  given  to 
Seth  Rice,  Stephen  Maynard,  and  John  Gardner, 
"  and  Artemus  Ward  is  joined  "  reads  the  record. 
Jabez  Brown,  Artemus  Ward's  great-grandfather, 
surveyed  the  tract  in  1783.  His  grandfather 
was  agent  for  the  Massachusetts  owners  of  the 
unsettled  lands.  His  father,  a  surveyor,  had  much 
to  do  with  them,  so  of  course  their  names  were 
familiar  to  the  family.  It  is  easy  to  conclude, 
therefore,  that  in  picking  a  pen-name  the  young 
Yankee,  chuckling  at  his  shaky  work-table  in 
The  Plain  Dealer  office,  by  idle  chance  was  moved 
to  select  that  of  the  ancient  Boston  proprietor. 

C.  E.  S. 

"  TIME    WITH    A    GIFT     OF      TEARS  "      (v.S. 

'  AUTHORS  WANTED,'  12  S  x.  18). — The 
"  humorous  suggestion  "  mentioned  by 
C.  C.  B.  is  a  good  example  of  the  cvcoethesof 
trying  to  spoil  poetry  by  reducing  it  to  the 
lowest  terms  of  the  obvious  and  common- 
place. Of  course  Swinburne  wrote  the 
1  lines  as  they  stand,  and  if  he  had  not,  "  the 
less  Swinburne  he."  "  Time  with  a  gift  of 
tears,"  if  it  is  too  brutally  analysed,  expresses 
the  melancholy  fact  that  none  can  live  long 
without  experiencing  sorrow  ;  "  Grief  with 
a  glass  that  ran,"  that  most  human  grief,  how- 
ever apparently  deep,  is  really  short-lived. 
The  first  sentiment  is  melancholy,  the  second 
"cynical,"  and  both  suggest  Montaigne. 

Again,  putting  this  explanation  aside 
entirely,  I  should  credit  a  really  educated 
poet  like  Swinburne  with  the  intention  to 
delight  the  fit  reader  (1)  by  the  chiasmus 
of  sense,  and  (2)  by  the  slight  thrill  of 
surprise  with  which  one  hails  a  slap  in  the 
face  at  the  obvious. 

Thirdly,  to  come  closer  still  to  Poetry,  it 
:  should  be  pointed  out  that  the  correct  text 
'  alliterates  more  subtly  than  the  humorous 
!  perversion  would  :  t  g  t  g  g  as  compared 
I  with  g  g  t  t  g.  This  point  might  be  turned 
against  me,  as  Swinburne  rather  preferred 
|  the  hammer -stroke  style  of  alliteration  to 
J  the  pendulum  :  but  I  am  sure  it  would  not 
j  have  occurred  to  the  humorist,  so  I  make 
I  him  a  present  of  it. 

A   precisely  similar   instance  in   Shelley, 
j  '  P.U.,'  Act  I.  (Mercury  to  the  Furies), 

.  .  .  Back  to  your  towers  of  iron, 
And  gaash  beside  your  streams  of  fire,  and  wail 
Your  foodless  teeth  .  .  . 


12  S.  X.  JAN.  21,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


55 


will  doubtless  some  clay  incite,  probably 
has  already  incited,  some  idiot  to  transpose 
"  gnash  "  and  "  wail." 

H.  K.  ST.  J.  S. 

ERGHUM  OF  EBGHUM,  YORKSHIRE.  (12  S. 
x.  9).- — MR.  BRUCE  ANGIER  will  find  a 
reference  to  some  earlier  members  of  this 
family  in  Poulson's  '  History  of  Holdemess,' 
vol.  i.,  p.  175  (1840).  The  spelling  there 
given  is  Ergham,  Argun  or  Arram,  a  hamlet 
and  manor  near  Hornsea,  E.  Yorks.  In 
my  boyhood  Arram  Hall  belonged  to 
Thomas  Bainton,  Esq.,  who  apparently  is 
the  same  as  the  Thomas  Bainton  mentioned 
as  a  subscriber  to  the  book  named.  Repre- 
sentatives of  this  latter  family  were  resident 
in  Bewholme,  a  neighbouring  village,  about 
20  years  ago.  A.  G.  GIBSON. 

ST.  PETER  THE  PROUD,  LONDON  (12  S. 
ix.  509). — JSTo  such  church  appears  to  have 
existed  in  1600  or  at  any  other  time.  No 
Thomas  Taylor  appears  to  have  been  vicar 
or  rector  of  any  church  dedicated  to  St. 
Peter  in  the  City  of  London  in  that  year. 
The  rector  of  St.  Peter-le-Poer  from  Dec. 
4,  1583,  to  his  death  in  August,  1615,  was 
Richard  Judson.  The  entry  in  the  parish 
register  of  Much  Hormead  would  seem  to 
mean  that  Thomas  Taylor,  the  vicar  of 
Much  Hormead,  married  the  two  Brand 
sisters  to  their  respective  husbands  in  the 
church  of  St.  Peter-le-Poer,  and  not  to 
imply  that  he  was  vicar  of  St.  Peter  the 
Proud.  JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

FULLOLOVE  SURNAME  (12  S.  vi.  68,  115, 
196). — T.  Warton,  in  his  '  History  of  English 
Poetry,'  alludes  (1870  ed.,  pp.  100-02) 
to  the  French  poem  '  Roman  d'Alexandre,' 
written  about  the  year  1200,  and  remarks  : — 

It  is  voluminous  ;  and  in  the  Bodleian  library 
at  Oxford  is  a  vast  folio  MS.  of  it  on  vellum, 
which  is  of  great  antiquity,  richly  decorated,  and 
in  high  preservation  (MSS.  Bodl.,  B.  264  fol.). 
...  At  the  end  we  read  this  hexameter,  which 
points  out  the  name  of  the  scribe  : — 

Nomen  scriptoria  est  THOMAS  PJ.ENUS  AMORIS. 

Then  follows  the  date  of  the  year  in  which  the 
transcript  was  completed,  viz.,  1338. 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

VELLEBOIS,  PAINTER  (12  S.  ix.  529).— 
Some  years  ago,  when  acting  as  private 
secretary  to  Mr.  R.  Caton  Woodville,  the 
battle  artist  and  illustrator,  I  frequently 
heard  him  called  "Villebois"  by  his  in- 
timates, and  he  was  referred  to  by  this 
name  in.  papers  such  as  The  Pink  'Un, 
The  Pelican,  &c. 


This  may  possibly  throw  a  little  light  on 
I  "  T.'s  ""  query — but  he  does  not  state  the 
I  subject  of  the  picture. 

(MRS.)  MURIEL  HAMILTON  SCOTT. 

BLESSED    OLIVER    PLUNKET    (12    S.     ix. 
529). — Luttrell,    in    his     '  Brief     Historical 
Relation      of      State      Affairs,'     gives     an 
account      under     July     1,     1681,       of     the 
I  execution      of     Mr.      Plunket       and      Mr. 
Fitzharris,  who  were  to  be  executed  about 
nine  in  the  morning.    Oliver  Plunket  lay  at 
Newgate.     "  They  were  both  put  in  a  sledge 
and  drawn  to  Tyburn,  where  Plunket  got 
into  the  cart  and  began  a  long  harangue, 
excusing  himself,  &c.     After  a  little  time  the 
executioner  did  his  office,  and  theire  quarters 
I  were  delivered  to  theire  friends,  according 
|  to  an  order  the  sheriffs  had  for  that  purpose." 
!  Wood's    '  Athenae    Oxoniensis '    says    that 
i  Plunket  was  hang'd,  drawn,  and  quarter' d, 
|  and  his  quarters  only  (not  his  head)  were 
|  buried   in  the   yard   of   St.    Giles's   Church 
|  in   the  fields   near   to   London.      You  will 
;  notice  that  neither  of  these  accounts  states 
!  whether     the     disembowelling     was     done 
;  before  death  had  actually  taken  place. 

ARCHIBALD  SPARKE. 

DISRAELI     QUERIES     (12     S.     x.    8). — 1. 
Allibone's    '  Dictionary    of    English    Litera- 
ture '    states   that  '  Ixion  in   Heaven  '  was 
published  in    1847.     I  am  unable  to  trace 
the    date    when    '  The    Infernal   Marriage ' 
was  published  in  book  form.     The  British 
Museum  does  not  give  either  work  separately. 
2.  Benjamin  Disraeli    published    editions 
of  the  following  works  by  his  father  in  1881 
j  according  to  the  British  Museum  Catalogue, 
although  no  date  is  given  on  the  title  pages 
j  of  the  books  themselves  :    '  Calamities  and 
j  Quarrels  of  Authors,'  *  Amenities  of  Litera- 
ture,'    '  Literary     Character     of     Men     of 
Genius.'  ARCHIBALD  SPARKE. 

FREEDOM  OF  A  CITY  (12  S.  ix.  489).— 
The  Honorary  Freedom  of  Boroughs  Act, 
1885,  would,  I  think,  be  the  origin  which 
would  allow  a  Borough  Council  from 
time  to  time  to  admit  persons  of 
distinction  to  be  Honorary  Freeman.  The 
honour  confers  no  benefit  on  the  recipient. 
The  Act  (48,  49  Viet.  ch.  29)  states  that 
"  the  admission  of  persons  to  be  Fieeman 
shall  not  confer  the  right  of  voting  for  any 
Borough  in  Parliamentary  or  other  elections, 
or  of  sharing  in  the  benefit  of  any  heridita- 
ments,  common  lands,  or  public  stock  of 
such  borough,  or  the  Council  thereof,  or 


56 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [12  s.x.  JAN.  21, 1922. 


of  any  property  held  in   whole    or  in  part 
for  any  charitable  use  or  trust." 

ABCHIBALD    SPARKE. 

THE  ARMS  OF  LEEDS  (12  S.  ix.  507). — 
I  am  sure  everybody  would  be  interested  to 
hear  of  a  case  where  a  mayor  in  his  private 
capacity  uses  the  town's  arms,  with  or 
without  helmet  and  crest.  Cases  of  cor- 
poration coats  of  arms  with  these  appurte- 
nances are  not  uncommon  from  the 
fifteenth  century  onward.  D.  L.  G. 

DANTE'S  BEARD  (12  S.  ix.  271,  315,  378, 
436). — It  is  not  at  all  clear  why  St.  Swithin 
assumes  that  Dante  cut  off  the  beard,  which 
he  had  allowed  to  grow  when  he  was  mourn- 
ing for  Beatrice.  It  has  been  inferred  from 
the  well-known  passage  in  the  '  Purgatorio  ' 
that  the  poet  had  a  beard  some  time  between 
1310  and  1318.  Now  he  died  in  1321 ;  why 
then  should  be  have  shaved  if  off  ?  Surely 
it  is  going  a  little  far  to  suppose  that  Dante, 
when  he  was  eating  the  salt  food  of  exile 
and  testing  the  steepness  of  another's  stairs, 
was  obedient  to  the  frivolous  dictates  of  in- 
constant Fashion.  Villani  says  that  he  was 
indifferent  to  graces,  and  this  remark  may  per- 
haps have  referred  to  his  personal  appearance. 

Where  there  is  so  much  obscurity  it  is 
justifiable  to  argue  a  little  from  general 
considerations.  Now  the  beard  has  con- 
stantly been  regarded  as  a  sign  of  wisdom. 
Bacchus,  wandering  over  the  earth  in  a 
car  drawn  by  tigers,  and  enamoured  of 
Ariadne,  is  rightly  represented  with  a 
smooth  chin,  but  Dionysus,  the  cultivator 
of  the  vine,  the  lawgiver  and  the  father  of 
civilization,  appears  in  Greek  sculpture  as 
a  man  with  a  beard.  Is  there  any  Byzantine 
or  medieval  artist  who  would  have  dared 
to  represent  the  Creator  of  the  universe  as 
beardless  ?  The  beard,  then*  is  often  an 
outward  and  visible  sign  of  wisdom  in  the 
man  who  wears  it,  and  a  perception  of  this 
truth,  as  well  as  a  certain  artistic  sense 
of  what  was  right  and  fitting,  may  well 
have  kept  the  encyclopaedic  genius  of  the 
Middle  Ages  from  cutting  off  the  beard  that 
adorned  his  face  so  appropriately. 

T.  PERCY  ARMSTRONG. 

The  Authors'  Club,  Whitehall,  S.W. 

GENTLEMAN  OF  THE  POULTRY  (12  S.  ix. 
272). — The  office  of  King's  Poulterer  was 
hereditary  in  the  family  of  Napier  of  Mer- 
chiston.  Whether  this  continued  on  the 
accession  of  James  VI.  to  the  throne  of 
England  I  do  not  know,  but  it  might  offer  a 
clue  to  MR.  BURY.  ALEX.  MORING. 


NICHOLAS  GRIMALD  (12  S.  ix.  409,  498).— 

!  I  understand  that  there  is  in  the  British 

'  Museum  Library  a  copy  of  the  genealogy  of 

the    Grimaldi    family   from   the   time   they 

quitted  Genoa  and  settled  in  England  to 

the  year  1824,  compiled  by  Stacey  Grimaldi, 

!  F.S.A.,    and    edited    by    A.    B.    Grimaldi, 

i  M.A.,  who,  in  1907,  resided  at  27,  Guernsey 

!  Grove,  Herne  Hill,  S.E. 

The  work  may  give  MR.  L.  R.  MERRILL 
;  the  information  he  desires. 

JAMES  SETON-ANDERSON. 
39,  Carlisle  Road,  Hove,  Sussex. 

RUDGE  FAMILY  (12  S.  ix.  311,  395,  435).— 
J  The  Rev.   James  Rudge,  D.D.,  F.R.S.,  for 
j  twenty-four  years  the  esteemed  and  pious 
I  rector  of  the  parish  of  Ha\vkchurch,  Dorset- 
|  shire,   died  suddenly  on   July   1,    1852,    in 
!  his  69th  year.     He  was  the  son  of   James 
I  Rudge,    of    Heath   End  House,     Cromhall, 
j  and  nephew  of  Thomas  Rudge,  Archdeacon 
of  Gloucester.     His  family  was  a  branch  of 
the    Rudges    of    Evesham,    in    Worcester- 
shire, but  had  been  settled  for  some  time 
in    Gloucestershire. 

JAMES  SETON-ANDERSON. 
39,  Carlisle  Road,  Hove,  Sussex. 

SCHOOL  HOLIDAYS  (12  S.  ix.  528). — 
Seventy  years  or  more  ago  school  boys  and 
girls  expected  holidays  of  six  weeks  from 
about  June  18,  and  of  four  or  five  from 
shortly  before  Christmas.  Maundy  Thurs- 
day sometimes  released  one  for  a  few  days 
if  not  for  a  whole  week.  It  seems  to  me 
that  holidays  have  greatly  increased  nowa- 
days, when  people  are  always  resting  from 
Work  that  they  have  often  shirked  :  but  I 
am  not  here  referring  to  schools. 

ST.  SWITHIN. 

MR.  R.  E.  THOMAS  will  find,  I  think,  much 
to  interest  him  in  chap,  xxxiv.  of  Mr. 
A.  K.  Cook's  '  About  Winchester  College,' 
published  by  Macmillan  and  Co.  in  1917, 
if  he  can  get  hold  of  the  book.  • 

JOHN  B.   WAINE WRIGHT. 

THE  ABYSSINIAN  CROSS  (12  S.  x.  9). — 
I  am  informed  on  good  authority  that  this 
was  presented  to  Westminster  Abbey  in 
1902  by  Ras  Makunan,  Envoy  from  the 
King  of  Abyssinia  at  the  Coronation  of  King 
Edward  VII.,  as  a  votive  offering  for  the 
recovery  of  the  latter  from  his  serious  ill- 
ness in  the  summer.  It  was  placed  before 
the  "  Unknown  Warrior's  "  grave,  in  which 
position  a  photograph  of  it  may  be  obtained. 
It  is  now  at  the  north  side  of  the  High 
Altar.  WALTER  E.  GAWTHORP. 


i2ax.jAK.2i.i922.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


57 


BRITISH    SETTLERS    IN    AMERICA    (12    S.  j 
ix.  462,  517,  521). — May   I    enclose  extract 
from  the  Public  Records  as  to  a  member  of  | 
the  lapp  family. 

Mr.  O.  Tapp  was  proprietor  of  Post  House,  j 
Marlborough,  ir  Cromwell's  days.  He  drove  | 
to  Red  Lion,  Fleet  Street,  London,  every  j 
week.  Pepys  stayed  at  this  post-house. 
In  the  Public  Record  Office,  London, 
Chancery  Bills  and  Answers. 

B 93/34  Barber  v.  Tapp. 

17  Oct.  1639. — The  several  answers  of 

Edmund  Tapp. 

Edmond  Tapp,  the  defendant,  was  possessed  j 
of  a  messuage  and  divers  edifices,  barnes,  stables, ! 
outhouses,  arable  land,  meadowe  and  pastures  j 
lying  and  being  in  Bonington  in  ye  County  of  ! 
Hert.  This  defendant  sayth  that  he  ivent  and  \ 
departed  fro1  England  in  Europa  the  last  day  of] 
May,  1637,  with  all  his  family  and  never  hath  I 
been  there  since,  and  he  this  defend*,  ariveing  in  \ 
that  place  of  America  which  now  called  New  Eng- 
land the  last  day  of  July,  1637,  and  ther  hath 
remained  ever  since. 

Sworn  7  day  August,  1640,  at  Quinypyack  in 
New  England. 

ARTHUR  TAPP. 

BIOGRAPHICAL  DETAILS  OF  ARTISTS 
SOUGHT  (12  S.  x.  9). — 11.  Nicholas  Pocock, 
the  son  of  a  Bristol  merchant,  was 
born  in  1740.  As  a  youth  he  entered 
the  Merchant  Service  and  in  1780 
took  up  art  as  a  profession,  painting  in 
Bristol  regularly  for  some  years.  He  died 
March  9,  1821.  His  portrait  was  painted 
by  his  son,  Isaac  (1782-1835),  a  pupil  of 
Romney.  An  obituary  notice  of  father 
and  son  is  in  The  Gentleman's  Magazine 
(1835),  N.S.  iv.  657-8.  The  pedigrees  of 
his  descendants  are  printed  in  Berry's 
*  Pedigrees  of  Berkshire  Families,'  pp. 
116-22.  Notices  of  him  and  his  work  are 
to  be  found  in  Owen's  '  Two  Centuries  of 
Ceramic  Art  in  Bristol,'  pp.  49-52  ;  Roget's 
'History  of  the  Old  Water  Colour 
Society,'  passim;  '  D.N.B.,'  xlvi.  5-6; 
and  in  '  N.  &  Q.,'  4  S.  xi.  290,  331,  388; 
8  S.  iv.  108,  197,  291-2  ;  10  S.  iv.  468. 
A  large  collection  of  naval  drawings  and 
engravings  by  Pocock  was  sold  in  two 
parts  in  1913  by  Messrs.  Hodgson,  whose 
sale  catalogues  form  an  interesting  record 
of  his  work.  ROLAND  AUSTIN. 

Gloucester. 

There  are  accounts  of  (3)  James  Duffield 
Harding  (1798-1863),  (6)  Robert  Thomas 
Landells  (1833-1877),  (11)  Nicolas  Pocock 
(1741  7-1821),  and  (16)  John  Thomas 
Serres  (1759-1825)  in  the  'D.N.B.'  There 
.  are  some  pictures  by  (8)  R.  H.  Nibbs  in 


the  Municipal  Art  Galleries,  Brighton,  and 
works  by  him  often  appear  in  Sussex  picture- 
shops.  He  nourished  during  the  Regency 
and  in  succeeding  years.  (1)  Bernard 
Evans,  R.I.,  had  a  picture  reproduced  in 
'  Modern  British  Water-Colour  Drawings,' 
a  Special  Summer  Number  of  The  Studio  in 
1900.  I  think  he  is  to  be  identified  with 
Bernard  Walter  Evans,  Esq.,  R.I.,  R.B.A., 
as  to  whom  see  '  Who's  Who.' 

JOHN  B.  WAINE WRIGHT. 

The     following     information     has     been 
gleaned  from  various  sources  : — 

1.  Bernard     Evans,     landscape     painter, 
of  London.     Exhibited  at  the  R.A.,  Surrey 
Street    and    New     Water    Colour    Society 
during  the  years  1871-1893. 

2.  Ernest     Griset,     animal     painter,     of 
London-     Exhibited  two  pictures  at  Surrey 
Street  in  1871. 

3.  James  Duffield  Harding  was  born  at 
Deptford  in   1798.     He  had  a  few  lessons 
from     Samuel    Prout,     and    worked    with 
John  Pye,  the  engraver.     He  painted  land- 
scapes  in   oils   and    water-colours,   was    a 
member  of  the  Old  Water  Colour  Society, 
and  was  also  a  lithographer.     He  exhibited 
at  the   R.A.,   B.I.,   S.B.A.,  and   O.W.C.S., 
&c.,  1811-63.     He  died  at  Barnes  in  1863. 

4.  Henry     Andrew     Harper,     landscape 
painter,    of    London.     Exhibited    a    large 
number  of  pictures  during  the  years  1858- 
1893  at  the  R.A.,  Surrey  Street,  and  New 
Water  Colour  Society. 

5.  G.    J.    Knox     lived   in    London,    and 
exhibited  landscapes  at  the  R.A.,  B.I.,  and 
Surrey  Street  from  1839-1859. 

6.  Robert  Thomas    Landells  was  born  in 
1833.     Became  a  special  artist  on  the  staff 
of  The  Illustrated  London  News,  for  which 
he  depicted  the  Crimean,  Danish,  Austro- 
Prussian,     and    Franco-German  Wars.     He 
died  in  1877. 

7.  Paul      Marny,      landscape       painter, 
nourished  at   Birmingham.     From    1866-90 
he  exhibited  landscapes  at  the    R.A.   and 
various  other  exhibitions. 

8.  Richard     Henry     Nibbs,     a     popular 
painter  of  marine  subjects.     His  first  pic- 
ture, '  Lord  Mayor's  Day,'  appeared  at  the 
Academy  of   1841,  but  in   1842  he  sent  a 
sea-piece,  and    to   that  branch   of  art  he 
afterwards    remained    constant.     He    died 
in  1893,  aged  77. 

9.  Cornelius  Pearson  was  born  at  Boston, 
Lines,    and     later    became    apprenticed    to 
an  engraver  in  London-     Many  of  his  land- 
scapes    were     exhibited     at     the     S.B.A., 


58 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [i2s.x.  JAN.  21, 1922. 


1843-91.     He    died   in    1891,   in    his    83rd 
year. 

10.  Edward     Pugh,     English     miniature- 
painter    and    landscape    draughtsman,    was 
born  in  the  second  half  of  the  eighteenth 
century.     His     works     appeared     at     the 
Academy    from    1793    to    1808.     He    illus- 
trated '  Modern  London  '  (1805)  and  '  Cam- 
bria  Depicta  '    (1816),  and   died  at   Ruthin 
in  1813. 

11.  Nicholas  Pocock  was  born  about  the 
year   1741,  and  was  the  son  of  a  Bristol 
merchant.       He     became     captain     of     a 
merchant  vessel  and  spent  his  leisure  time 
in    sketching.      He      became    an    original 
member  of  the  Old  Water  Colour    Society 
and  was   encouraged  in  art  by  Reynolds. 
He  painted  landscapes  and  marine  subjects, 
and  exhibited  at  the  R,A.,B.I.,and  O.W.C.S., 
1782-1817. 

12.  Thomas  Sewell  Robins  (not  Robbins) 
was  born  in   1814.     He  was  a  member  of 
the  New  Water  Colour  Society,  and  one  of 
the   original   members   of  the   Institute   of 
Painters  in  Water   Colours.     He  exhibited 
at    the    R.A.,    B.I.,    S.B.A.,    &c.,    .1829-79, 
chiefly    landscapes    and    marine    subjects. 
He  died  in  1880. 

13.  H.     Randolph    Rose    specialized     in 
figure  subjects.     He  lived  in  London,  and 
between    1880-93    exhibited    at    the    R.A., 
Surrey  Street  and  various  other  exhibitions. 

16.  John  Thomas  Serres,  son  of  Dominic 
Serres,  R.A.,  was  born  in  London  in  1759. 
He    was    taught    drawing    at    the    Chelsea 
Naval  School,  and  later  became  draughts- 
man to  the  Admiralty.     He  married  Miss 
Willmot,    the   soi-disant   Princess    of    Cum- 
berland, who  ruined  him.     He  was  a  painter 
of  marine   subjects,   and   exhibited   at   the 
R.A.,    B.I.,    and     S.B.A.    from    1780-1825. 
He  died  in   1825  and  was  buried  at  Mary- 
lebone. 

17.  Edward       Tucker       of         W°olwicn' 
painter   of  coast  scenes.     He   exhibited  at 
the   R.A.,   B.I.,  and  Surrey  Street   during 
1849-1873. 

18.  B.    B.    Wadham   of    Liverpool.      He 
exhibited  landscapes  at  the  R.A.  and  Surrey 
Street  from  1871-1883. 

ARCHIBALD  SPARKE. 

There  are  biographical  notices  of  several 
of  the  painters  about  whom  MR.   T.  CANN 


HUOHE^?    inquires    in    the    latest    edition  of 
Bryan's    '  Dictionary   of   Painters   and   En- 
gravers.'     These  are  as  follows  :  — 
-     3,  J.    D.    Harding    (1798-1863),    vol.    iii., 
p.   14.     A  very  eminent  and  versatile  artist, 


especially  notable  in  water-colour.     See  also- 
the  '  D.N.B.,'  vol.  viii.,  p.  1220. 

6.  R.  T.  Landells  (1833-1877),  vol.  iii.,. 
p.  169. 

8.  R.    H.   Nibbs   (c.  1815-1893),   vol.    iv., 
p.  17. 

9.  Cornelius  Pearson  (c.  1808-1891),    vol. 
iv.,    p.    84. 

11.  N.  Pocock  (1741-1821),  vol.  iv.,  p.  137. 

16.  J.  T.  Serres  (1759-1825),  vol.  v.,  p.  69. 
As  regards  some  other  names  mentioned 

1 1  note  as  follows  : — 

1.  Bernard     Evans,     R.I.     A     very     ac- 
complished landscapist  who  was  an  exhibitor 
in    London    and    the    provinces    for    many 
years.     In  1875  he  was  resident  in  London  ; 
in    1912    at   Harrogate.     If   now   living   he 
must  be   a  veteran.     I   suggest   inquiry   of 
the    secretary    of     the    Royal    Institute    of 
Painters  in  Water  Colours. 

2.  Ernest  Griset.     Flourished  in  the  mid- 
I  Victorian  period  as  an  illustrator.     He  had 
I  an  excellent  knack,  before  the  time  of    R. 

Caldecott,'  in  comical  drawings  of  animals. 
.7.  Paul  Marny.  From  some  drawings  in 
gouache  by  this  artist  which  "I  have  seen  1 
should  place  him  about  the  middle  of  last 
century. 

10.  E.  Pugh.     Ephraim  Pugh  was  draw- 
|  ing    master    at    the    Liverpool  Mechanics' 
I  Institution,  which    was     opened    in     1839. 

His   pictures    were    not,    I    think,    of    high 

merit,  but  I  have  not  seen  any  of  them  and 

;  don't    know    any    biographical    particulars 

further    than    that    he    was    an    exhibitor 

1848-1876,   and  probably  earlier  and  later. 

I  If  Mr.  Hughes  wishes  to  know  more  about 

I  Pugh  I  shall  be  pleased  to  make  inquiries. 

17.  E.    Tucker.     Perhaps    a    member    of 
!  a  family  connected  with  the  Lake  District 
|  which  has  produced  several  capable   land- 
!  scapists.     An  inquiry  might   be   addressed 

|  to    Mr.  Arthur    Tucker,    R.B.A.,    Ashleigh, 
j  Windermere. 

18.  B.    B.    Wadham.     A    Liverpool   mid- 
Victorian  painter  of  no  great  merit.     He  had 
two   sons  who  were   artists,    one   of  whom 
exhibited    under    another  name ;    I    think 
Sinclair. 

Mr.  Hughes  might  usefully  consult  Mr. 
Algernon  Graves' s  '  Dictionary  of  the  Royal 
Academy  '  and  the  other  analyses  by  that 
valuable  antiquary. 

E.      RlMBATJLT      DlBDIN. 
G4,  Huskisson  Street,  Liverpool. 

The  f  ollowing  details  may  be  of  interest : — 

3.  James    Duffield    Harding,    born    1798, 
probably    at    Deptford,    near    London.     He 


12  S.X.JAN.  21,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


59 


is  remembered  for  his  paintings  in  water- 
colours,  in  which  he  abandoned  the  exclusive 
use  of  transparent  colours.  His  '  Sketches  at 
Home  and  Abroad'  (1836),  dedicated  to  Louis 
Philippe  of  France,  '  The  Park  and  the 
Forest'  (1841),  and  'Picturesque  Selec- 
tions (1861)  attest  his  skill  as  a  lithographer. 
He  became  known  also  by  his  textbooks, 
e.g.,  '  The  Principles  and  Practice  of  Art' 
(1845).  He  died  1863. 

5.  G.  J.  Knox.  Was  he  the  third  son  of 
the  Right  Hon.  George  Knox,  P.C.,  M.P., 
D.C.L.,  fifth  son  of  Thomas  Knox,  first 
Viscount  Northland,  father  of  the  first  Earl 
of  Ranfurly  ? 

JAMES    SETON-ANDEBSON. 

39,  Carlisle  Road,  Hove,  Sussex. 

MELLEB  MAGBATH,  ABCHBISHOP  OF 
CASHEL  (12  S.  viii.  470).— The  following 
notes,  though  not  giving  the  exact  details 
asked  for  by  G.  F.  R.  B.,  may  nevertheless 
be  of  some  assistance. 

His  wife,  Anne  O'Meara,  appears  to  have 
been  living  in  1592  :  see  a  letter  apparently 
addressed  to  her  in  State  Papers,  Ireland, 
for  that  year. 

Five  sons  are  mentioned  in  the  State 
Papers  under  the  following  dates :  1600, 
Tirlogh  (married  to  iCatherine  Butler, 
sister  of  the  Countess  of  Desmond),  Red- 
mond; 1607,  James,  Marcus,  Terence. 

Two  of  his  sons  were  with  him  in  England 
in  November,  1599,  where  he  writes  from  his 
chamber  next  the  Falcon,  in  Tothill  Street, 
Westminster,  but  he  does  not  give  their 
names.  One  of  his  sons  was  at  Oxford  in  1602, 
apparently  as  a  member  of  the  University, 
and  known  by  the  name  of  Gray :  see 
'  Historical  MSS.  Commn.  Reports,'  Mar- 
quess of  Salisbury's  MSS.,  Part  XII. 

Foster,  '  Al.  Oxon,'  records  that  Mark 
Graye  and  James  Graye  both  subscribed 
on  Oct.  31,  1601  ;  the  coincidence  of 
names  and  dates  makes  it  possible,  if 
not  probable,  that  these  were  two  of  the 
sons  of  the  Archbishop. 

Unfortunately  none  of  the  references  on 
which  these  notes  are  based  gives  any 
clue  as  to  the  order  of  birth  of  these  sons, 
nor  as  to  the  existence  or  non-existence  of 
others. 

I  would  add  a  warning  that  the  indexing 
of  Irish  names  in  the  volumes  of  the  Irish 
State  Papers  of  this  period  is  somewhat 
erratic,  and  entries  should  be  looked  for 
under  Cashels,  Magrath,  McCragh,  Mag- 
raughe  and  Magrauffe. 

J.  B.  WHITMOBE. 


BBOTHEBS  or  THE  SAME  CHBISTIAN  NAME 
(12  S.  ix.  230,  273,  312,  336,  376,  415,  436, 
454,  497).— Here  is  an  instance  from  the 
Basque  country.  At  Sare,  in  the  family 
Lorrondo-Saharrear  in  1793  there  were 
five  brothers  and  sisters,  and  the  two 
(younger)  brothers  bore  the  name  of  Gratien 
(  Causeries  sur  le  Pays  Basque,'  by  Mme. 
Charles  d'Abbadie  d'Arrast,  Paris,  1909). 
In  Roman  Catholic  countries  the  practice 
might  be  explained  if  we  could  assume  that 
both  brothers  were  born  on  the  same 
saint's  day.  H.  A.  ROSE. 

Milton  House,  La  Haule,  Jersey. 

THE  REV.  J.  DE  KEWEB  WILLIAMS  (12  S. 
ix.  450,  498,  531). — He  was  in  much  request 
in  the  eighties  for  his  lectures,  which  were 
full  of  humour.  I  well  remember  one 
entitled  "  Hats  in  general  and  some  in 
particular."  R.  E.  THOMAS. 

NOBBIS  AND  EYBE  FAMILIES  (12  S.  ix. 
212). — I  have  the  complete  pedigree  of 
Eyre  of  Hassop,  acquired  at  the  recent 
dispersal  of  Haspop  Hall.  The  daughters 
of  Roland  Eyre  by  Ann,  daughter  of  Sir 
Francis  Smyth,  were  as  follows  : — 

Elizabeth  married  Pratt,  Anne  wife  of  Robert 
Dormer  of  Grove  Park,  Warwick. 

Prudence  wife  of  John  Berry  of  Berry  Herbert, 
Co.  Devon.  Mary  wife  of  William  Blundel  of 
Little  Crosby,  Lanes,  and  Ursula  wife  of  Cherry 
Orton  of  ...  Co.  Lanr. 

I  do  not  find  any  mention  in  the  pedigree 
of  the  marriage  with  Norris. 

F.  BBADBUBY. 

Sheffield. 

MULBEBBIES  (12  S.  ix.  337,  377,  519).— 
Years  ago,  in  the  South  Lambeth  Road, 
not  far  from  Vauxhall  Station,  the  late 
Mr.  Lionel  Brough,  the  famous  actor,  lived 
in  an  old  house  called  Percy  Villa.  In  the 
garden  was  a  fine  mulberry  tree,  and  Mr. 
Brough  has  told  me  that,  in  days  gone  by, 
when  other  good  houses  still  stood  in  that 
street,  every  garden  had  its  mulberry  tree. 
I  am  under  the  impression  that  he  said 
there  had  been  an  avenue  of  mulberry  trees 
before  houses  were  built.  Perhaps  some 
authority  on  old  London  could  confirm  my 
dim  recollections.  J.  R.  H. 

'A  NEWCASTLE  APOTHECARY  '  (12  S.  ix.  491). — 
I  have  a  humorous  poem  entitled  '  The  Newcastle 
Apothecary,'  by  Colrnan.  It  is  included  in  a  book 
entitled  « Principles  of  Elocution,'  by  Thomas 
Ewing  of  Edinburgh.  My  copy,  a  22nd  edition, 
is  dated  1837,  and  was  published  at  Edinburgh. 

Pinhoe,  Devon.  W.  G.  WILLIS  WATSON. 

I  am  now  able  to  give  the  full  words  of  this 
recitation.  The  original  appeared  in  Colman's 


60 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [12 S.X.JAN. 21, 1022. 


'  Broad    Grins,'    and    its   authorship  is  attributed 
to  George  Colman  himself. 

'  The  Newcastle  Reciter  '  omitted  the  first  part 
and  partly  altered  the  verse  here  and  there. 

RICHARD  H.  HOLME. 

[The  verses  kindly  written  out  have  been  for- 
warded to  our  correspondent.] 


on 


Authors'  and  Printers'  Dictionary.     By  F.  Howard 

Collins.  (Humphrey  Milford,  3s.  &d.  net.) 
F.  HOWARD  COLLINS  died  in  1910  ;  the  fourth 
edition  of  this  admirable  little  work  (1912)  was 
supervised  by  the  late  Horace  Hart,  Controller 
of  the  Oxford  University  Press.  That  edition 
seemed  but  little  short  of  perfection  —  however, 
here  is  a  fifth,  which  shows  a  yet  further  im- 
provement, besides  taking  cognizance  of  words 
and  dates  and  persons  and  other  matters  which 
time  and  the  war  have  brought  into  the  general 
current  of  thought  and  writing.  We  do  a  little 
regret  that  those  who  acquire  this  new  edition 
will  not  have  the  compiler's  original  preface, 
a  pleasant  piece  of  writing  and  instructive  withal. 
Comparing  our  own  well-used  copy  with  the 
new  exemplar  we  find  sundry  traces  of  con- 
sideration for  brethren  weaker  in  the  matter  of 
spelling  —  thus  "  accommodate  "  has  been  in- 
serted. Many  now  unnecessary  names  have 
been  omitted  and  also  several  technical  terms, 
which  some  pleasant  fancy  rather  than  their 
utility  must  have  made  the  compiler  insert  — 
such  as  "  bewet,  leather  attaching  bell  to  hawk, 
not  -it.*'  A  few  indications  of  pronunciation 
have  been  modified.  Several  new  entries  from 
foreign  languages  appear,  and,  naturally,  a 
crop  of  new  scientific  and  military  terms.  The 
publisher  mentions  his  regret  at  not  having  been 
able  to  adopt  any  great  proportion  of  the  numerous 
suggestions  he  has  received  owing  to  the  expense 
of  altering  the  plates  :  it  would  therefore  be 
futile  to  make  any  of  our  own.  We  have  but  to 
express  anew  our  gratitude  for  a  most  useful 
compilation,  and  our  satisfaction  at  having  it 
thus  brought  "up  to  date." 

A    Dictionary   of  English   Phrases.       (Routledge, 

12s.   6d.  net.) 

WE  dipped  into  these  pages  with  great  interest 
and  some  pleasant  expectation.  The  amount  of 
work  and  patience  which  went  to  the  making 
of  them  entitles  the  compiler  to  considerable 
respect.  The  phrases  include  most  of  our  modern 
catchwords  and  cliches,  as  well  as  the  great  mass 
of  familiar  locutions  and,  with  these,  an  array 
of  old  or  rare  expressions  which  cannot  be  said 
to  have  maintained  themselves  in  the  general 
currency  of  the  language.  These  last  are  often 
supported  by  references,  but  sometimes  not  so, 
and  in  cases  where  we  should  have  welcomed  a 
reminder.  Thus  "  as  inaccessible  as  Abaton  " 
seems  to  want  some  justification,  considered  as 
an  English  phrase.  Sometimes  the  origin  of  a 
well-known  sentence  or  quotation  is  rather  too 
imperfectly  given  —  as  when  we  read  on  Delenda 
vst  Carthago  that  this  was  "  stated  to  have  been 
uttered  in  the  Senate  by  Cato  after  a  visit  to 


Carthage,"  or  are  referred  for  "  Tweedledum  and 
Tweedledee  "  to  John  Byrom,  when  the  current 
use  of  these  comic  names  is  certainly  derived 
from  Alice  '  Through  the  Looking-glass.'  To 
have  "  Be  sure  your  sin  will  find  you  out " 
referred  to  the  Odyssey  instead  of  Deuteronomy 
is  curious,  as  is  also  the  form  given  to  the  phrase. 
These  instances  are  taken' at  random  and  might 
be  added  to  indefinitely.  The  chief  use  of  this 
collection,  in  fact,  might  be  to  serve  as  a  suggestive 
nucleus  for  a  more  correct  and  thorough  work. 

THE  new  Quarterly  Review  is  largely  devoted 
to  international  politics  and  recent  foreign 
history.  The  literary  articles  are  not  of  special 
importance,  though  essays  from  the  pens  of 
Mr.  Edmund  Gosse  and  Mr.  John  Drinkwater 
must  count  for  much  on  whatever  subject  these 
graceful  writers  discourse.  Mr.  Gosse 's  theme 
is  Austin  Dobson,  to  whom  he  brings  a  pious 
tribute  such  as  no  one  but  himself  is  in  the 
position  to  offer.  Mr.  John  Drinkwater  gives  us 
a  study  of  Henley,  in  which  Henley  is  none  the 
less  effectively  discussed  for  being  something 
of  a  stalking-horse.  Sir  James  Frazer  depicts 
London  life  as  Addison  knew  it,  and  by  his  own 
vivid  visualization  imparts  real  freshness  and 
interest  to  a  well-known  subject.  On  the  border- 
line between  history  and  present  politics  are  two 
papers,  each  in  its  way  striking :  Dame  Una 
Pope-Hennessy's  criticism  of  recent  somewhat 
extravagant  accounts  of  the  French  Revolution 
and  Mr.  John  Buchan's  sympathetic  portrait 
of  the  late  David  Henderson.  The  first  place  in 
the  number  is  allotted  to  the  second  instalment 
of  Mr.  C.  R.  Haines's  '  Recent  Shakespearean 
Research,'  which  sets  out  chiefly  the  present 
position  of  inquiry  as  to  the  doubtful  plays. 
Mr.  Haines  adopts  in  regard  to  these  a  rather 
sanguine  view. 


CORRIGENDUM. 

At  12  S.  ix.  393  (< Astley's  Circus  ')  for  "  W,  H.  C. 
Nathan"  read  W.  H.  C.  Nation. 


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61 


LONDON.  JANUARY  28,  1922. 


CONTENTS.— No.    198. 

NOTES  :— Massinger  and  Dekker's  '  The  Virgin  Martyr,'  61- 
St.  Blaize — Pallone,  an  Italian  Game,  65 — Principal  London 
Coffee-houses,  Taverns  and  Inns  in  the  Eighteenth  Century, 
66 — Bluebeard  :  Origin  and  Early  References — Bagshot  and 
Bawwaw,  68 — Buskin  :  Geneva  Letter  found — Apprentices 
to  and  from  Overseas — Stowe  House,  Sal  e  of  Contents,  1847 
and  1921,  69. 

QUERIES  : — Cole,  or  Coale-rents— Thornborough— Battersea 
Enamel  Works  —  '  Allostree's  Almanack,'  1680  —  V.  de 
Veldte  the  Elder :  Identification  of  Flag  sought — Quant 
Charms  to  be  identified,  70 — Spelling  of  "  Champagne  " — 
"  Water  Measure,"  for  Apples  and  Pears — Family  of  Lee — 
Andrew  Barnard  :  Sir  Frederick  Augustus  Barnard,  K.C.H., 
71 — De  Kemplen's  Automaton  Chess-player  —  Will-o'-the 
wisp — Mulberry- trees — Bears — Rain  and  Fishing — Kynaston 
— J.  C.  F.  Keppel— Proverbs  and  Phrases— Authors  wanted, 
72. 

REPLIES  : — The  Arms  of  Leeds,  72— Mrs.  Joanna  Stephens,  73 — 
'  The  Beggar's  Opera '  in  Dickens,  74— Title  of  "  K.H."  — 
Baron  Grant,  75 — The  Brighton  Athenaeum  (Antheum)  — 
Edward  Lam  plugh—  Launching  of  Ships — Song-book  by 
Tobias  Hume,  76  — Index  Ecclesiasticus  —  St.  Christopher 
and  the  Christ  Child— The  Troutbeck  Pedigree— The  House 
of  Harcourt,  77 — Pharaoh  as  Surname — Tavern  Signs  : 
"  The  Five  Alls  " — The  Maccabees,  78 — Adah  Isaacs  Men- 
ken's '  Infelicia  ' — "  Mata  Hari's  "  Youth  —Wellington 
Testimonial  Clock  Tower — Tha  Abyssinian  Cross — "  To 
burn  one's  boats  " — Author's  Name  wanted,  79. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :— '  The  Old  Deeside  Road  ' — '  Selected 
Polish  Tales  '— '  The  Complete  Works  of  Sir  Philip  Sidney  '— 
'  The  Elizabethans  and  the  Empire.' 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


Jlotetf. 

MASSINGER    AND    DEKKER'S     'THE 
VIRGIN  MARTYR.' 

THE  practice  of  collaboration  in  dramatic 
authorship,  so  prevalent  in  Elizabethan 
times,  has  seldom  yielded  a  more  happy 
result  than  in  the  case  of  Massinger  and 
Dekker's  '  The  Virgin  Martyr.'  Massinger' s 
stately  style  and  mastery  of  dramatic 
technique  combined  with  Dekker's  sincerity 
and  high  poetic  gifts  have  given  us  as 
powerful  and  moving  a  tragedy  as  is  to  be 
found  outside  ohakespeare.  No  doubt  from 
the  point  of  view  of  the  modern  reader  the 
"  comic  relief  "  afforded  by  those  two  base 
creatures  Hircius  and  Spungius  is  a  blot 
upon  the  play,  but  the  introduction  of  these 
characters  does  not  in  any  way  affect  its 
essential  morality.  Their  conversation  and 
behaviour,  offensive  though  it  is,  is  at  least 
in  keeping  with  their  typical  character,  and 
the  vices  of  lechery  and  drunkenness  which 
»they  personify,  far  from  being  presented 


in  an  attractive  light,  are  rendered  as 
repulsive  as  possible.  Their  unutterable 
baseness  at  any  rate  serves  as  a  most 
effective  foil  to  the  unassailable  purity 
of  the  heroic  Dorothea. 

Whether  we  have  here  a  case  of  true 
collaboration,  or  rather — as  has  been  sup- 
posed— the  result  of  Massinger' s  recasting 
of  an  early  work  of  Dekker,  is  a  question 
that  it  is  scarcely  possible  to  determine. 
It  is,  however,  possible  to  distinguish,  with 
a  degree  of  certainty  unusual  where  pro- 
blems of  joint -author ship  are  concerned, 
the  work  of  the  two  dramatists  who  com- 
posed it,  for  the  writings  of  each  possess 
clearly-marked  characteristics.  Not  only 
has  Massinger' s  mature  blank  verse  so 
distinctive  a  ring  as  to  render  it  (in  the 
longer  speeches  at  least)  easy  of  recognition, 
but  he  has  also  a  habit  of  repeating  images 
and  sentiments  to  a  degree  not  paralleled 
in  the  writings  of  any  other  dramatist. 
Many  of  his  sentiments  are  to  be  met  with, 
phrased  in  almost  precisely  the  same  way, 
in  half  a  dozen  or  more  of  his  plays.  He  has 
also  a  large  number  of  mythological  allusions 
drawn  from  a  very  limited  stock  and  con- 
sequently frequently  repeated. 

Dekker  also  has  many  characteristic 
words,  phrases,  allusions  and  tricks  of 
speech.  Some  of  the  features  most  con- 
spicuous in  his  early  plays — e.g.,  his  habit 
of  repeating  words  two  or  three  times  in 
succession,  of  using  volleys  of  adjectives, 
adverbs  or  synonyms — are  not,  howrever, 
particularly  in  evidence  here,  from  which 
it  is  clear  either  that  Dekker's  work  in  the 
play  is  of  a  much  later  date  than  in  such 
plays  as  '  Satiromastix,'  '  The  Shoemaker's 
Holiday '  and  '  Westward  Hoe,'  or  that 
Massinger  has  drastically  revised  Dekker's 
work  throughout.  On  the  whole,  although 
some  passages  written  by  Dekker  show 
signs  of  alteration  by  Massinger,  the  former 
conjecture  seems  to  me  the  more  probable. 
I  incline  to  the  opinion  that  the  two  authors 
worked  upon  the  play  together,  and  that 
'  The  Virgin  Martyr  '  is  the  result  of  collabo- 
ration in  the  true  sense  of  the  term. 

Hitherto  those  who  have  discussed  its 
authorship  have  treated  the  shares  of  the 
two  authors  as  if  they  were  entirely  inde- 
pendent— allotting  one  scene  to  Massinger, 
another  to  Dekker,  and  so  on.*  The 


*  I  should  except  Professor  Cruickshank, 
who,  in  Appendix  X.  of  his  '  Philip  Massinger  ' 
(published  in  1920,  after  my  analysis  of  the  text 
was  made)  suggests  that  II.  iii.  and  IV.  i.  are  of 
composite  authorship. 


62 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [us.*. JAN. »».»«. 


association  of  the  two  authors  was,  as  I 
hope  to  show,  of  a  more  intimate  kind, 
several  of  the  scenes  revealing  clear  traces 
of  both  hands. 

Act  I.,  scene  i. 

This  is  wholly  Massinger's.  It  is  all  in 
metre.  Parallels  are  so  numerous  that  it 
is  only  necessary  to  give  here  a  selection  of 
the  more  striking.  I  have  left  many 
characteristic  turns  of  expression  unnoted. 

1.  Theophilus  :  'Twas  a  benefit 
For  which  I  ever  owe  you. 

Compare  : — 

'Tis  a  noble  favour 
For  which  I  ever  owe  you. 

('  The  Bondman,'  II.  i.) 

2.  Sapritius  :    .    .    .    when  we  are  merciful   to 
them 

We  to  ourselves  are  cruel. 
Compare  : — 

...   in  compassion  to  them, 
You  to  us  prove  cruel. 

('  Maid  of  Honour,'  II.  Hi.) 

3.  Sempronius  :  You  pour  oil 
On  fire  that  burns  already  at  the  height. 

Compare  : — 

Your  words  are  but  as  oil  pour'd  on  a  fire, 
That  flames  already  at  the  height. 

('  Unnatural  Combat,'  II.  iii.) 
...    in  this  you  but  pour  oil  on  fire. 

('  Duke  of  Milan,'  V.  i.) 
Massinger  has  this  in  several  other  plays. 

4.  Dioclesian  :         Had  you  borne  yourselves 
Dejectedly,  and  base,  no  slavery 

Had  been  too  easy  for  you  :   but  such  is 
The  power  of  noble  valour,  that  we  love  it 
Even  in  our  enemies. 

Compare  : — 

Had  he  suffered  poorly, 

It  had  calFd  on  my  contempt ;  but  manly  patience 
And  all-commanding  virtue,  wins  upon 
An  enemy.  ('  Renegade,'  IV.  ii.) 

(Occurs  again  in  '  The  Duke  of  Milan,' 
III.  i.,  '  Emperor  of  the  East,'  I.  i.,  and 
elsewhere. ) 

5.  Dioclesian  :  Queen  of  fate, 
Imperious  Fortune — mix  some  light  disaster 
With  my  so  many  joys,  to  season  them, 
And  give  them  sweeter  relish. 

Compare  : — 

Heaven  be  pleased 
To  qualify  this  excess  of  happiness 
With  some  disaster,  or  I  shall  expire 
With  a  surfeit  of  felicity.     ('  Guardian,'  II.  iii.) 

6.  Artemia  :  I  make  payment 
But  of  a  debt,  which  I  stand  bound  to  tender. 

Compare  : — 

She  comes  to  make  a  tender  of  that  service 
Which  she  stands  bound  to  pay. 

('  Great  Duke  of  Florence,'  II.  iii.) 
(Also  in  '  A  Very  Woman,'  II.  i.,  and  else- 
where.) 


7.  Antoninus  :   As  I  look  on  the  temples,  or  the 
gods, 

And  with  that  reverence,  lady,  I  behold  you. 

Compare  : — 

As  I  behold  the  sun,  the  stars,  the  temples, 
I  look  on  you.  ('  Bashful  Lover,'  I.  i.) 

.    .    .    when  I  came 

To  see  you,  it  was  with  that  reverence 
As  I  beheld  the  altars  of  the  gods. 

('  Bondman,'  II.  i.) 

8.  Antoninus  :     Refuse  what  kings  upon  their 
knees  would  sue  for  ! 

Massinger  repeats  this  over  and  over  again 
with  slight  variations.  Two  parallels  will 
suffice  : — 

...    to  court  him  to  embrace 
A  happiness  which,  on  his  knees,  with  joy 
He  should  have  sued  for. 

('  Great  Duke  of  Florence,'  V.  ii.) 

...    these  bounties 

Which  all  our  Eastern  kings  have  kneel'd  in  vain 
for.  ('  Renegado,'  II.  iv.) 

9.  Antoninus  :    Pardon,  dread  princess,  that  I 
made  some  scruple 

To  leave  a  valley  of  security 

To  mount  up  to  the  hill  of  majesty, 

On  which,'  the  nearer  Jove,  the  nearer  lightning. 

Compare  : — 
I'll  look  on  human  frailty 
And  curse  the  height  of  royal  blood  :   since  I 
In  being  born  near  Jove,  am  near  his  thunder. 
('  Maid  of  Honour,'  III.  i.) 

10.  Antoninus  :  The  fox, 
When  he  saw  first  the  forest's  king,  the  lion, 
Was  almost  dead  with  fear  ;   the  second  view 
Only  a  little  daunted  him  ;   the  third, 

He  durst  salute  him  boldly. 

Compare  : — 

The  fox,  that  would  confer 

With  a  lion  without  fear,  must  see  him  often. 
('  Believe  as  you  List,'  III.  ii.) 

Act  II.,  scene  i. 

Written  by  Dekker.  Over  one-third  con- 
sists of  prose  dialogue  between  Hircius  and 
Spungius.  Then  Angelo  appears,  speaking 
in  verse,  whilst  Hircius  and  Spungius  con- 
tinue to  speak  in  prose  ;  finally  Dorothea 
enters,  speaking  verse. 

Apart  from  the  fact  that  Massinger 
rarely  uses  prose,  the  Hircius -Spungius 

|  dialogue  shows  positive  evidence  of  Dekker 's 
authorship  in  several  of  his  characteristic 
words  and  expressions.  The  blank  verse 

!is  also  his,  showing  no  trace  of  Massinger's 
metrical  style  or  vocabulary.  Particular 
indications  of  Dekker's  authorship  to  be 
noted  are  : — 

1.  Spungius  :  Bacchus  .  .  .  grand  patron  of 
rob-pots,  upsy-freesy  tipplers,  &c. 

Dekker's  plays  are  full  of  allusions  to 
the  Dutch  and  their  habits.  The  expres- 
sion "to  drink  upsie-freese  "  (i.e.,  in  the 


12  S.X.JAN.  28,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


63 


Dutch  fashion)  occurs  several  times  in  his 
works,  e.g.,  '  Gull's  Hornbook  '  (Grosart, 
vol.  i.,  p.  206),  '  Northward  Hoe,'  II.  i. 
It  is  not  to  be  found  in  Massinger's  plays. 

2.  Hircius  :    Thy  last  shall  serve  my  foot. 
References       to       the     shoemaker's     trade 
are   noticeably   frequent    in    Dekker.       He 
again    uses    this    expression    in    '  Westward 
Hoe,'  II.  iii.  : — 

That  last  shall  serve  all  our  feet. 
It    must    be    rare,    for  I    have  found  it  in 
no  other  Elizabethan  play. 

3.  Spungius  :  .     .     .     as   I   am  a   demi-pagan, 
I  sold  the  victuals,  &c.  ; 

and  twice  again,  a  few  lines  below  : — 

Hircius  :   As  I  am  a  total  pagan. 

Spungius  :    As  I  am  a  pagan,  &c. 
Such    phrases — "  as    I    am    a  gentleman," 
"  as  I'm  a  Christian,"   "  as  I'm  a  sinner," 
&c. — are  typical  of  Dekker. 

4.  Spungius  :    The  peaking  chitface  hit  me  in 
the  teeth  with  it. 

The  expression  "to  hit  one  in  the  teeth," 
although  not  generally  common,  is  also 
one  constantly  used  by  Dekker.  It  is  in 
*  Satiromastix,'  I.  ii.,  "  Westward  Hoe,' 
III.  iii.,  '  Gull's  Hornbook  '  (Grosart,  i,  158), 
'  Patient  Grissil '  (Sh.  Soc.  Reprint,  37), 
'The  Roaring  Girl,'  IV.  ii.  and  V.  i.,  &c. 
It  is  not  used  in  any  of  Massinger's  numerous 
independent  plays. 

The  speeches  of  Angelo  and  Dorothea 
are  essentially  Dekkerian  in  style  and 
.spirit.  Angelo's  vigorous  outburst  on  hear- 
ing that  the  money  entrusted  to  Hircius 
for  the  relief  of  prisoners  has  been  "  paid 
away  "  : — 

What  way  ?    the  devil's  way,  the  way  of  sin, 
The  way  of  hot  damnation,  way  of  lust  ? 

is  particularly  characteristic,  with  its  em- 
phatic repetitions.  And  for  such  lines  as 
these  : — 

I  could  weary  stars, 

And  force  the  wakeful  moon  to  lose  her  eyes, 
By  my  late  watching. 

one  might,  as  Mr.  Arthur  Symons  has  re- 
marked, search  from  end  to  end  of  Mas- 
singer's  plays  in  vain. 

Scene  ii. 

All  in  metre.  The  hands  of  both  authors 
are  apparent  here.  Metrical  considerations 
.seem  to  point  to  Dekker  as  the  principal 
author ;  the  scene  Was  probably  written 
by  him  and  afterwards  touched  up  by 
Massinger. 

Two  clear  indications  of  Dekker  are  to 
be  noted.  The  first  is  in  a  speech  of 
,  Harpax  : — 


1.  This  Macrinus, 
The  line  is,  upon  which  love-errands  run 
'Twixt  Antoninus  and  .     .     .  Dorothea. 

The  allusion  here,  to  fireworks  running 
upon  lines,  is  indubitably  Dekker's.  It 
is  to  be  found  in  '  The  Whore  of  Babylon  ' 
(Pearson,  ii.  230),  "  Northward  Hoe,'  IV. 
iv.,  '  Jests  to  Make  You  Merrie  '  (Grosart. 
ii.  343),  and  doubless  elsewhere.  Dekker 
again  applies  it  figuratively,  as  in  the  text, 
to  a  person  employed  to  carry  messages  from 
one  person  to  another.  Compare  '  The 
Roaring  Girl,'  V.  i.  (one  of  Dekker's 
scenes)  : — • 

A  justice  in  this  town  .  .  .  used  that  rogue 
like  a  firework,  to  run  upon  a  line  betwixt  him 
and  me. 

And  again  in  «  The  Honest  Whore,'  Pt.  2. 
II.  i.,  we  have  : — 

The  fireworks  that  ran  from  me  upon  lines  against 
my  good  old  master,  &c. 

The  other  is  in  Theophilus's  speech  at 
the  end  of  the  scene. 

2.  I  will  not  lose  thee  then,  her  to  confound. 

I  doubt  if  a  single  instance  of  an  inver- 
sion of  this  kind  is  to  be  found  in  the  whole 
collection  of  Massinger's  plays,  whereas 
there  are  several  such  in  Dekker.  So  far 
as  I  have  noticed,  they  occur  always  in 
tragic  passages.  The  following  may  be 
given  as  examples  : — 
Have  we  not  all  it  tasted  ? 

('  Whore  of  Babylon,'  Pearson,  ii.  256.) 
Nothing  but  your  mercy  me  can  save. 

(Ibid.,  ii.  267). 
Mine  own  shame  me  confounds. 

('  Roaring  Girl,'  IV.  ii.) 

Massinger's  hand  is  to  be  recognized  in 
the  following  passages  : — 

1.  Theophilus  :  I'm  turned  a  marble  statue  at 
thy  language. 

Compare  : — 

almost  turns  me  into  a  senseless  statue. 

('  Emperor  of  the  East,'  V.  i.) 
Are  we  all  turned  statues  ?     Have  his  strange 
words  charmed  us  ?         ('  City  Madam,'  III.  ii.) 

2.  Antoninus 
Plays  the  Endymion  to  this  pale-faced  moon. 
This   is    part    of    the   speech    of    Harpax 
containing  the  fireworks  allusion  to  which 
reference  is  made  above.     For  the  allusion 
to  Endymion,  compare  : — 

.     .     .     he's  a  man, 
For  whose  embraces,  though  Endymion 
Lay  sleeping  by,  Cynthia  would  leave  her  orb. 

('  Guardian,'  II.  ii.) 

Though  Dekker  also  has  allusions  to 
Endymion  (see  '  Match  Me  in  London,' 
Pearson,  iv.  211),  "pale-faced  moon" 
stamps  this  reference  as  Massinger's.  We 


64 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[12S.  X.  JAN.  28,  1922. 


find  it  again  in  '  The  Emperor  of  the  East,' 

II.  i.  : — 

The  pale-faced  moon,  that  should 

Govern  the  night,  usurps  the  rule  of  day,  &c. 

The    very  words    of    greeting    ("The    sun, 
god  of  the  day,   guide  thee,   Macrinus  !  ") 
with  which  the  scene  opens,  to  me  suggest 
the  hand  of  Massinger,  as  does  the  speech 
of  Theophilus  towards  its  close,    "  Have  I 
invented  tortures  to  tear   Christians,"   &c.  . 
One   often   notices   in   Massinger's   plays   a ' 
tendency  to  dwell  upon,  almost  to  gloat  over,  i 
the  idea  of  torture. 

Scene    iii. 

About  two -thirds  verse  and  one -third  I 
prose.  Although  this  scene,  like  the  pre-  i 
ceding,  has  hitherto  been  attributed  entirely  | 
to  Dekker,  it  is  also  clearly  of  joint  author- : 
ship.  There  are,  indeed  (except  in  the  i 
prose  at  the  end),  more  definite  traces  of 
Massinger  than  of  Dekker. 

MASSINGER. 

Macrinus  :  ...     from  his  store 

He  can  enough  lend  to  others  ;    yet,  much  taken 

from  him, 

The  want  shall  be  as  little  as  when  seas 
Lend  from  their  bounty,  to  fill  up  the  poorness 
Of  needy  rivers. 

Though  this  sentiment  cannot  be  exactly 
paralleled  from  Massinger's  plays,  he  harps 
upon  images  in  which  the  size  of  a  river  is 
compared  with  that  of  the  ocean.  The 
nearest  parallel  is  in  '  Believe  as  You  List,' 
V.  i.  :— 

Though  I  know 

The  ocean  of  your  apprehensions  needs  not 
The  rivulet  of  my  poor  cautions. 

Still  more  conclusive  of  Massinger's 
collaboration  is  this  passage,  from  the  first 
speech  addressed  by  Antoninus  to  Dorothea, 
after  the  entry  "  above  "  of  Artemia  : — 

.     .     .     glaze  not  thus  your  eyes 
With  self-love  of  a  vow'd  virginity  ; 
Make  every  man  your  glass,  &c. 

This  is  one  of   the  many  changes  rung   by 

Massinger  on  one  of  the  commonest  of  his  I 

tags.     See,    for    instance,     '  The    Maid    of 

Honour,'  V.  ii.  : — 

You  look  upon  your  form  in  the  false  glass 

Of  flattery  and  self-love. 

'  New  Way  to  pay  Old  Debts,'  V.  i.  :— 
.     .     .     looking  on  my  lowness 
Not  in  a  glass  of  self-love,  but  of  truth. 

'  Bondman,'  III.  iv.  : — 
Though  in  the  glass  of  self-love  she  behold 
Her  best  deserts. 

There  are  similar  lines  also  in  '  The 
Emperor  of  the  East,'  V.  iii.,  '  The  Bond- 
man,', III.  iii.,  'The  Parliament  of  Love,' 


I.  i.,  and  in  several  of  the  Massinger- 
Fletcher  plays. 

Equally  unmistakable  to  the  reader 
familiar  with  Massinger's  habit  of  echoing 
passages  from  Shakespeare  is  the  evidence 
of  this  speech  of  Dorothea's  : — 

That  fear  is  base, 

Of  death,  when  that  death  doth  but  life  displace 
Out  of  her  house  of  earth  ;  you  only  dread 
The  stroke,  and  not  what  follows  when  you're  dead  ; 
There's  the  great  fear,  indeed. 

The  indebtedness  to  Hamlet's  famous 
soliloquy  ("But  that  the  fear  of  some- 
thing after  death,"  &c.)  is  obvious. 

Massinger  has  another  reminiscence  of 
this  soliloquy — 

Tremble  to  think  how  terrible  the  dream  is 
After  this  sleep  of  death. 

— in  the  '  Roman  Actor,'  III.  ii.,  and  again 
in  '  The  Maid  of  Honour,'  II.  iv.  :— 
How  willingly,  like  Cato, 
Could  I  tear  out  my  bowels     .     .     . 
But  that  religion,  and  the  horrid  dream 
To  be  suffer'd  in  the  other  world  denies  it  ! 

Dekker  does  not  imitate  Shakespeare  in 
this  way. 

Another  slight,  but  definite,  indication  of 
Massinger  is  to  be  found  in  one  of  An- 
toninus's  speeches  addressed  to  Dorothea  :— 

Your  mocks  are  great  ones. 
With  this  compare  Aretmia's 
.     .     .     they  are  fair  ones, 
Exceeding  fair  ones,  . 

in  Act  I.,  sc.  i.  "  Ones  "  is  frequently 
thus  used  by  Massinger,  never  (I  believe) 
by  Dekker. 

DEKKER. 

Dekker  was  responsible  for  the  prose 
(Hircius  and  Spungius).  There  is  in  Spun- 
gius's  very  first  speech  one  of  his  favourite 
angling  metaphors,  of  which  almost  am- 
work  of  his  will  afford  examples  : — 
The  fish  you  angle  for  is  nibbling  at  the  hook  j 
and,  in  the  next  line,  the  playful  association 
of  the  abstract  and  the  concrete 
.  .  .  untruss  the  codpiece-point  of  our  re- 
\vard,  no  matter  if  the  breeches  of  our  conscience 
fall, 

is  characteristic  of  him.  The  same  type 
of  jest  is  also  met  with  in  the  plays  of  Ford, 
who  perhaps  borrowed  it  from  Dekker. 
So  far  as  I  have  noticed,  it  is  affected  by 
no  other  Elizabethan  dramatist.  We  find 
it  again  in  the  prose  at  the  end  of  the 
scene  : — 

Spungius  :  The  petticoat  of  her  estate  is  unlac'd. 

Hircius  :  Yes,  and  the  smock  of  her  charity 
is  all  to  piecos. 

If   positive  proof   is   needed   of   Dekker  s 


12  S.  X.  JAN.  28,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


65 


participation  in  the  verse,  it  should  be 
sufficient  to  point  to  the  jingle  at  the  end 
of  Artemia's  final  speech  : — 

.    .    .    Rifle  her  estate  ; 

Christians  to  begging  brought  grow  desperate. 
Massinger    was    quite     incapable     of     this. 
But   there   is   no   doubt   that   some   of   the 
best  features  of  the  verse  are  also  Dekker's. 

H.  DUGDALE  SYKES. 
Enfield. 

(To  be  concluded.) 


ST.  BLAIZE. 

ST.  BLAIZE,  who  is  commemorated  on 
Feb.  3,  is  usually  represented  with  an 
iron  cornb  in  his  right  hand  in  reference  to 
the  manner  of  his  torture,  and  from  this  is 
supposed  to  have  arisen  his  becoming  the 
patron  saint  of  woolcombers.  Alban  Butler, 
however,  says: — 

No  other  reason  than  the  great  devotion  of  the 
people  to  this  celebrated  martyr  of  the  Church 
seems  to  have  given  occasion  to  the  woolcombers 
to  choose  him  the  titular  patron  of  their  profes- 
sion. On  which  account  his  festival  is  still  kept 
by  them  with  a  solemn  guild  at  Norwich. 

This  is  quoted  in  '  N.  &  Q.,'  April  15, 
1854  (1  S.  ix.  353),  in  reply  to  a 
question  in  which  it  is  stated  that  "  in 
Norwich  every  50  years  the  festival  of 
Bishop  Blaize  is  observed  with  great  cere- 
mony." Butler  died  in  1773.  Baring- 
•Gould,  writing  a  century  after  Butler's 
death,  says  that  the  wool-manufacturers 
of  Norwich  *'  still  observe  his  (St.  Blaize) 
day,  or  did  so  until  lately."  He  also  says 
that  "  at  Bradford,  Yorkshire,  a  festival  is 
holden  every  five  years  in  memory  of  St. 
Blaize  "  ;  but  according  to  Francis  Bond 
('Dedications  of  English  Churches')  this 
festival  was  discontinued  in  1825.  An 
anonymous  writer  in  The  Illustrated  London 
News  of  Feb.  14,  1880,  states  that  "  every 
seven  years  the  woolcombers  of  our  large 
manufacturing  towns  hold  a  festival  in  his 
(St.  Blaize)  honour."  What  is  the  truth 
as  to  the  frequency  of  these  festivals  ?  Did 
an  annual  celebration  take  place  anywhere, 
or  were  the  festivals  held  at  intervals  of 
five,  seven,  or  even  50  years  in  different 
towns  ?  Are  any  held  at  the  present  time  ? 
There  is  a  story  of  St.  Blaize  that  on  his 
way  to  prison  he  extracted  a  fish-bone 
from  a  child's  throat,  and  for  this  reason 
candles  offered  on  his  feast  were  said  to  be 
good  for  throat  trouble  and  even  for  tooth- 
ache. St.  Blaize,  indeed,  might  almost  be 
claimed  as  the  patron  saint  of  throat- 


specialists.  The  writer  in  The  Illustrated 
London  News  quotes  the  words  of  a  charm 
for  extracting  a  bone  out  of  the  throat : 
"Blaize  the  Martyr  and  servant  of  Jesus  Christ 
commands  thee  to  pass  up  or  down."  This 
ch^rm,  or  something  like  it,  may  have  been 
used  by  a  certain  French  cure  in  1757, 
whose  story  has  been  preserved  in  the 
registers  of  the  church  of  Wemaers  Cappel,. 
near  Cassel  (Nord).  Within  a  glazed  frame- 
on  the  wall  of  the  south  aisle  is  a  fish-bone- 
mounted  in  silver,  below  which  is  set  out 
its  history  in  a  certified  transcript  from  the 
church  register.  The  extract  is  in  Flemish, 
but  a  translation  into  French  is  also  given. 
In  English  it  may  be  thus  rendered  : — 

On  the  twenty-second  of  September,  one 
thousand  seven  hundred  and  fifty -seven,  the  Rev. 
Roland  Behaegel,  cure  of  Hondeghem,  made  in 
gratitude  to  St.  Blaize  the  offering  of  a  large 
carp-bone,  which,  having  stuck  in  his  throat, 
caused  him  to  fear  for  his  life.  He  was  miracu- 
lously delivered  by  invoquing  the  saint  with  the 
promise  of  a  Mass  to  be  said  in  his  honour. 

Certified  as  true, 

H.  BAUDEN,  cure  of  Wemaers  Cappel. 

Copy  conformable  to  the  registers  of  the  Parish, 
A.  BARBEY,  cure,  Wemaers  Cappelr 
February  2,  1902. 

Hondeghem  is  a  village  about  four  miles 
to  the  south-east  of  Wemaers  Cappel,  and 
M.  Behaegel  was  presumably  on  a  visit 
to  the  latter  place  when  he  met  with  his 
misadventure  over  a  dish  of  carp.  The 
church  of  Wemaers  Cappel  was  uninjured 
by  the  war,  being  just  outside  the  fighting 
area.  It  is  partly  of  twelfth-century  date, 
but  was  largely  reconstructed  in  brick, 
apparently  in  the  seventeenth  century. 
All  the  exterior  work  is  of  the  later  period, 
and  the  ancient  round-headed  clerestory 
windows  are  hidden  by  the  newer  roof.  The 
above  particulars,  which  are  recalled  by  the 
approach  of  the  feast  of  St.  Blaize,  were 
noted  by  me  in  April,  1918. 

F.  H.  CHEETHAM. 


PALLONE,   AN   ITALIAN    GAME. 

IN  1867  (3  S.  xi.  333),  a  correspondent 
asked,  concerning  a  picture  by  Varrvitelli, 
"  What  is  the  game  of  Pallone  ?  " 

There  was  no  reply,  excepting  a  short 
editorial  note  referring  to  '  The  Game  of 
Pallone,'  by  Anthony  L.  Fisher,  M.D.,  of 
which  a  review  of  less  than  eight  lines  had 
appeared  (3  S.  viii.  180). 

The  game  is  fully  described  by  the  late 
William  W.  Story,  the  American  sculptor, 
in  his  '  Roba  di  Roma,'  7th  ed.,  1875,  p.  122. 


66 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[12  S.X.JAN.  28,  1922. 


I  may  be  allowed  to  give  a  few  extracts 
from  the  account,  which  occupies  nearly 
four  pages. 

One  of  -the  various  kinds  of  the  old  Roman 
game  of  Pila  still  survives  under  the  modern 
name  of  Pallone.  It  is  played  between  two 
sides,  each  numbering  from  five  to  eight  persons. 
Each  of  the  players  is  armed  with  a  bracciale, 
or  gauntlet  of  wood,  covering  the  hand  and 
extending  nearly  up  to  the  elbow,  with  which 
a  heavy  ball  is  beaten  backwards  and  forwards, 
high  into  the  air,  from  one  side  to  the  other. 
The  object  of  the  game  is  to  keep  the  ball  in 
constant  flight,  and  whoever  suffers  it  to  fall  dead 
within  his  bounds  loses.  It  may,  however, 
be  struck  in  its  first  rebound,  though  the  best 
strokes  are  before  it  touches  the  ground.  The 
gauntlets  are  hollow  tubes  of  wood,  thickly 
studded  outside  with  pointed  bosses,  projecting 
an  inch  and  a  half,  and  having  inside,  across  the 
end,  a  transverse  bar,  which  is  grasped  by  the 
hand,  so  as  to  render  them  manageable  to  the 
wearer.  The  balls,  which  are  of  the  size  of  a 
large  cricket-ball,  are  made  of  leather,  and  so 
heavy,  that,  when  well  played,  they  are  capable 
of  breaking  the  arm  unless  properly  received  on 
the  gauntlet.  They  are  inflated  with  air,  which 
is  pumped  into  them  with  a  long  syringe,  through 
a  small  aperture  closed  by  a  valve  inside.  The 
game  is  played  on  an  oblong  figure  marked  out 
on  the  ground,  or  designated  by  the  wall  around 
the*  sunken  platform  on  which  it  is  played ; 
and  across  the  centre  is  drawn  a  transverse  line, 
dividing  equally  the  two  sides.  Whenever  a 
ball  either  falls  outside  the  lateral  boundary, 
or  is  not  struck  over  the  central  line,  it  counts 
against  the  party  playing  it.  When  it  flies  over 
the  extreme  limits  it  is  called  a  volata,  and  is 
reckoned  the  best  stroke  that  can  be  made. 
At  the  end  of  the  lists  is  a  spring-board,  on  which 
the  principal  player  stands. 

The  points  of  the  game  are  fifty, — the  first  two 
strokes  counting  fifteen  each,  and  the  others  ten 
each.  When  one  side  makes  the  fifty  before  the 


other  has  made  anything,  it  is  called  a  marcio, 
and  counts  double.  When  both  parties  count 
forty,  the  caller  cries  out  "  alle  due,"  and  the 
count  is  carried  back  on  both  sides  to  thirty.  .  .  . 
As  each  point  is  made,  it  is  shouted  by  the  caller, 
who  stands  in  the  middle  and  keeps  the  count, 
and  proclaims  the  bets  of  the  spectators ; 
and  after  each  game  "  si  passa  " — or  an  "  over  "• — 
is  taken,  the  two  sides  changing  position. 

This  game  is  as  national  to  the  Italians  as 
cricket  to  the  English  ;  it  is  not  only,  as  it  seems 
to  me,  much  more  interesting  than  the  latter, 
but  requires  vastly  more  strength,  agilty,  and 
dexterity,  to  play  it  well. 

Story  cites  some  of  the  places  where  it 
is' — or  now  perhaps  was- — played  :  Rome, 
near  the  summit  of  the  Quattro  Fontane, 
in  the  Barberini  grounds  ;  the  Piazza  di 
Termini ;  the  Tempio  della  Pace ;  the 
Colosseo  (at  the  first  the  strict  game, 
apparently  played  by  professionals  ;  the 
others  a  less  strict  game) — Florence,  outside 
the  Porta  a  Pinti- — Siena,  under  the  for- 
tress wall. 

Story  gives  the  inscription  under  the  bust 
of  a  famous  player  in  the  walls  of  the  amphi- 
theatre at  Florence  :  — 

Josephus  Barnius,  Petiolensis,  vir  in  jactando 
repercutiendoque  folle  singularis,  qui  ob  robur 
ingens  maximamque  artis  peritiam,  et  collusores 
ubique  deyictos,  Terrsemotus  formidabili  cog- 
nomento  dictus  est. 

No  date  is  given.  The  amphitheatre 
means,  I  believe,  the  court  where  Pallone 
is  played.  The  season  for  the  game  appears 
to  be  or  to  have  been  after  the  middle  of 
May,  through  the  summer. 

Other  games,  described  in  the  same 
chapter  (vi.),  are  Morra,  Pillotta,  Bocce 
or  Boccette,  and  Ruzzola. 

ROBERT  PIEBPOINT. 


PRINCIPAL   LONDON   COFFEE-HOUSES,   TAVERNS,  AND   INNS   IN  THE 

.       EIGHTEENTH   CENTURY. 
(See  12  S.  vi.  and  vii.  passim  ;  ix.  85,  105,  143,  186,  226,  286,  306,  385,  426,  504,  525  ;  x.  26.) 

(An  asterisk  denotes  that  the  house  still  exists  as  a  tavern,  inn  or  public-house 
—  in  many  cases  rebuilt.) 


Temple  Punch  House 
Thatched  House     . , 

Thatched  House     .. 
Thavies    Inn    Coffee 

House 
Theatre 

Thistle  and  Crown . . 
Three  Blackbirds    . . 

Three  Chairmen 
Three  Chairs 


Three  Colts 


Near  Hare  Court,  Temple         . .  1744 

Strand — 

Islington 1744 

Thavies  Inn,  Holborn 

Bridges   Street,   Covent   Garden  1739 

Swallow  Street    ..          ..  ..  1755 

Low  Leyton        . .          . .          . .  — 

Hay  Hill  — 

South-west    corner     of     Russell  1711 
Street  and  of  the  Little  Piazza 

Bevis  Marks,  south  side  . .  1708 


General  Advertiser,  March  15. 
London  Museum  :     sketch  by  J.  T. 

Wilson  (A22123). 

Levander,  A.Q.C.,  vol.  xxix.,  1916. 
Hogarth's  '  Four  Stages  of  Cruelty,' 

plate  2. 

Simpson's  '  Suburban  Taverns,'  p.  46. 
Lane's  '  Handy  Book,'  p.  190. 
London   Museum  :     sketch   by  J.  T. 

Wilson  (A22038). 
Thornbury,  iv.  333. 
Plan  of  Covent  Garden  published  by 

J.  T.  Smith  in  1809. 
Larwood,  p.  358. 
«  New  View  of  London,'  i«  82. 


12  S.X.  JAN.  28,  1922.]  NOTES     AND    QUERIES. 


67 


Three^Compasses    . .      Oxford  Street 


Three  Compasses 
Three  Cranes 


Three  Crowns 
Three  Crowns 
Three  Crowns 


Three  Cups . . 


Three  Cups  .  . 
Three  Cups  . . 


Three  Cups . . 


Three  Horse  Shoes . 
Three  Johns 


Three  Kings 

Three  Kings 
Three   Morrice 
Dancers 


Three  Nuns 

Three  Pigeons 
Three  Punch-bowls 
Three  Queens 
Three  Tuns 
Three  Tuns 


Hornsey 
Poultrv 


Poultry     . . 
East  Smithfield  . 
Stoke  Newington 


1789 


1723 
1729 


1731 


1769 
1727 


1777 


Pickax  Street,  Aldersgate 


1677 

1708 
1732 

1745 
1785 
1789 

1732 
1677 

1708 
1732 

1745 
1749 

1703 

1727 
1745 

..       1708 
Queen 


Three  Tuns 


Old  Street  

Bread  Street,  west  side,  south  of 
Watling  Street 


High  Holborn,  north  side,  be- 
tween the  "  Old  Blue  Boar  " 
and  the  "  New  Inn  " 


Goswell  Street,  east  side 

Bennett     Street,     near 

Square,  Westminster 


Crispian  Street,  Spittlefield      . .      1731 

Orange  Street,  Bloomsbury      .  .      1792 
Old  Change          — 


Whitechapel        1732 

Butcherhall  Lane,  Newgate      ..  1788 

Charles  Street,  Long  Acre         . .  1735 
Charing  Cross 

Brewer  Street 1737 

At  junction  of  Poor  Jewry  Lane  1720 
and  High  Street,  Aldgate 


1745 
Billingsgate          1732 


Parker's    '  Life's    Painter    of    Varier 

gated  Characters.' 
Thornbury,  v.  430. 
Lane's  '  Handy  Book,'  p.  167. 

*  London      Topographical      Record/ 

1907,  iv.  110. 

Sadler's  '  Life  of  T.  Dunckerley/ 
1891,  p.  104. 

Larwood,  p.  99. 

Levander,  A.Q.C.,  vol.  xxix.,  1916. 

Lane's  '  Handy  Book,'  pp.  177  and 
179. 

Daily  Advertiser,  June  24.  "  Richard 
Freeman  from  the  Three  Crowns, 
Stoke  Newington,  begs  leave  to 
inform  the  Publick  in  general  that 
he  has  taken  the  Flask  in  Highgate 
opposite  the  hill  from  Kentish 
Town  .  .  .  and  hopes  to  give 
the  same  satisfaction  as  at  his 
former  residence. 

Ogilvy  and  Morgan's  *  London  Sur- 
vey'd.' 

« A  New  View  of  London,'  i.  82. 

'  Parish  Clerks'  Remarks  of  London/ 
p.  390. 

Rocque's  '  Survey.' 

Levander,  A.Q.C.,  vol.  xxix.,  1916. 

Parker's  '  Life's  Painter  of  Varie- 
gated Characters.' 

'  Parish  Clerks'  Remarks  of  London,' 
p.  386. 

Ogilvy  and  Morgan's  '  London  Sur- 
vey'd.' 

1  A  New  View  of  London,'  i.  82. 

'  Parish  Clerks'  Remarks  of  London/ 
p.  383. 

Rocque's  '  Survey.' 

'  London  Topographical  Record,' 
1907,  iv.  102. 

'  Calendar  of  MSS.,  Marquis  of  Bath, 
iii.  433. 

Daily  Post,  April  15. 

Rocque's  '  Survey.' 

'  A  New  View  of  London,'  i.  82. 

The  sign  represented  John  Wilkes, 
the  Rev.  John  Home  Tooke,  and 
Sir  John  Glynn,  sergeant-at-law. 

Sadler's  '  Masonic  Facts  and  Fictions/ 
1887,  p.  44. 

Levander,  A.Q.C.,  vol.  xxix.,    1916. 

*  London      Topographical      Record/ 

1907,  iv.   95. 

Thornbury,  i.  347. 

1709-1742,  kept  by  John  Rudd. 

'  Parish  Clerks'  Remarks  of  London/ 
p.  383. 

Levander,  A.Q.C.,  vol.  xxix.,  1916. 

The  Craftsman,  Nov.  1. 

Macmichael's  '  Charing  Cross/  p.  67. 

Daily  Gazetteer,  Oct.  8. 

Applebee's  Weekly  Journal,  Nov.  19. 
"  The  Annual  Feast  of  the  County 
and  City  of  Oxford,  will  be  held 
at  Leathersellers'  Hall  in  Bishops- 
gate  Street  on  24th  inst.  Tickets 
may  be  had  at  the  3  Tun  Tavern 
within  Aldgate." 

Rocque's  '  Survey.' 

'  Parish  Clerks'  Remarks  of  London/ 
.  22. 


68 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[12  S.  X.  JAN.  28,  1922. 


Three  Tuns 
Three  Tuns . . 
Three  Tuns . . 

Three  Tuns  . . 
Three  Tuns . . 

Three  Tuns . . 

Three    Tuns    and 
Bull's    Head 


Three    Tuns    and 

Crown 

*Ticket  Porter 
Tiltyard 


Tinsley's 
Tom's 


Bishopsgate 
Old  Bailey 
Ludgate  Hill 

Bedford  Street,  at  No.  61 
Clare  Market 

High  Street,  Hampstead 


1735 
1752 

1713 
1766 

1725 
1723 

1743 


Cheapside,  opposite  Bow  Church     1735 

1754 


Holborn  Bridge 

Arthur  Street  West,  E.C. 
Whitehall 


1749 


1754 


1719 


Three     Tun     Court,     St.     Mar- 
garets Hill,  Southwark 
Ludgate  Hill       ..          ..  ..      1715 


(To  be  continued.) 


Lane's  '  Handy  Book,'  p.  185. 
Heron's      '  Ancient       Freemasonry,' 

1921. 
'  London     Topographical      Record,' 

1903,  ii.  98. 
'  London     Topographical       Record,' 

1903,  ii.   85. 

Chancellor's  '  Strand,'  p.  321. 
Simpson's     '  London    Taverns     and 

Masonry,'  p.  33. 
Hampstead    and    Highgate    Express, 

Oct.   9,   1920. 

Lane's  '  Handy  Book,'  p.  184. 
Levander,  A.Q.C.,  vol.  xxix.,  1916. 
'  London  Topographical   Record,' 

1907,  iv.  62. 
Levander,  A.Q.C.,  vol.  xxix.,  1916. 

Larwood,  p.  361. 

Whitehall  Evening  Post,  Feb.  16-19. 
Demolished  to  make  room  for  the 
new  building  of  the  Horse  Guards. 

Daily  Courant,  June  16. 

'  N.  &  Q.,'  June  8,  1861. 
'  London     Topographical      Record,' 
1903,  ii.  85. 

J.  PAUL  DE  CASTRO. 


BLUEBEARD  :    ORIGIN    AND    EARLY    RE-  ; 
TERENCES. — The    '  N.E.D.'    describes   Blue- ! 
beard  as  "a  personage  of  popular  mytho-  i 
logy,"   and  the  first   quotation  it  gives  is  I 
from  De  Quincey  in  1822.     I  can  see  noth-  I 
ing  about  the  story  in  the  books  of  folk-  i 
lore  I  have  consulted,  and  am  curious  to  | 
know  whether  it  is  French  or  English  in 
origin,    or   Oriental.     I   suppose   that      the 
'  Histoire  ou  Contes   du  Temps   Passe '    of 
Charles    Perrault    (1697),    including    'Blue- 
beard '  among  several  famous  fairy  stories, 
is  one  main  source  of  the  legend,  but  the 
'  N.E.D.'  says  nothing  of  a  French  origin. 

It  looks  like  a  satire  on  the  matrimonial 
choices    of    Henry   VIII.        Brewer,    '  Dic- 
tionary   of     Phrase     and     Fable,'     writes  : 
"  HoKnshed  calls  Giles  de  Retz,  Marquis  de  ! 
Laval,    the    original    Bluebeard."     But    if  j 
Holinshed  had  used  the  last  word,  I  presume  I 
that  the  '  N.E.D.'  would  not  have  missed  ! 
it.     References    in    English   can    surely    be 
carried    back    further    than    De    Quincey. 
Here  is  one  from  Boswell,  '  Life  of  Johnson,' 
year  $1772.     In   a   discussion   on  friendship 
between  those  who   disagree   on   a   capital 
point,     Goldsmith    is    reported    as    saying 
to  Johnson  : — 

"  But,  Sir,  when  people  live  together  who  have 
something  as  to  which  they  disagree,  and  which 
they  want  to  shun,  they  will  be  in  the  situation 
mentioned  in  the  story  of  Bluebeard  :  '  You  may 
look  into  all  the  chambers  but  one.'  " 

The    ordinary  idea    is  that   the  tale    is 


Oriental,  and  this  is  supported  by  panto- 
mime presentations.  I  know  no  definite 
source  for  this.  There  is  a  "  Blue  King  " 
of  the  Djinns  in  the  '  Arabian  Nights ' 
(Lane  and  Lane-Poole's  ed.,  1906,  vol.  iii., 
p.  319),  but  the  story  is  not  one  of  those 
generally  familiar.  The  blue  beard  certainly 
looks  foreign,  and  a  leaning  towards  poly- 
gamy may  have  led  to  an  Oriental  ascription  ; 
also  the  fact  that  the  Turk  has  been  for 
centuries  a  traditional  villain,  a  survival 
in  culture,  I  suppose,  from  the  time  of  the 
Crusades.  A  dyed  beard  might  be  indi- 
cated. A  course  of  dissipation  made  tho 
wife -killer's  beard  white,  and  he  wished  to 
simulate  youth  by  making  it  black.  Either 
the  dye  was  blue -black  or  turned  blue  ; 
just  a.s  in  a  recent  case  in  the  courts  an  un- 
fortunate lady  complained  of  hair  which 
turned  gold  and  green.  Anyway,  the  blue 
beard  seems  to  me  odd,  and  might  be  a  hint 
to  someone  who  knows  much  more  than  I  do. 

W.  H.  J. 

BAGSHOT  AND  BAWWAW. — In  '  Stage 
Coach  and  Mail  in  Days  of  Yore,'  in  quoting 
Taylor  the  Water  Poet's  account  of  a  jour- 
ney by  coach  from  London  to  Southampton 
in  which  the  travellers  pass  Bagshot  and 
Bawwaw,  it  says  the  latter  place  is  not  ex- 
plained by  scrutiny  of  maps.  The  clue  is  in 
Harl.  6494,  p.  129ff.,  'A  Journey  into  the 
West  of  England  in  1637.'  In  this  also, 
the  travellers  come  to  Bagshot  and  Bowow 


12  s.x.  JAN.  28, 1922.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


69 


and  the  narrator  says,  "  Bowow  is  sepa- 
rated from  Bagshot  only  by  a  stream — 
the  inhabitants  are  not  proud  of  the  name 
of  their  place."  N.  A.  WEBB. 

RUSKIN  :  GENEVA  LETTER  FOUND. — 
In  the  Library  edition  of  Raskin's  Works 
is  printed  (vol.  xxxiv.,  p.  493)  a  letter  dated 
Geneva,  Feb.  16,  1863,  of  which  the  first 
publication  had  not  been  traced.  I  find 
the  letter  first  appeared  in  an  obscure  New 
York  magazine,  The  New  Path  for  May, 
1863  (vol.  i.,  No.  1.,  p.  10),  a  file  of  which 
is  owned  by  the  New  York  Historical 
Society.  THOMAS  OLLIVE  MABBOTT. 

Graduate  School,  Columbia  University. 

APPRENTICES  TO  AND  FROM  OVERSEAS 
(see  ante,  p.  29). — Since  my  former  aiticle 
the  following  overseas  apprentices  have 
been  found  : — 

John  Beale,  son  of  Richard  Beale  of  Antegoa, 
W.  Indies.  App.  to  Thos.  Herbert  of  Coventry, 
Apothecary.  Dec.  3rd  1714.  Consid.  £53  15  0. 
(Inl.  1/44-10.) 

Thomas  Owen,  son  of  Richard  Owen  of  Jamaica, 
Med.  Dr.  App.  to  Roger  Bayly  of  Bristol,  Haber- 
dasher of  Hats.  Oct.  7th  1714.  Consid.  £60. 
<Inl.  1/43-135.) 

Thomas  Adams,  son  of  William  Adams  of  the 
Island  of  Barbadoes,  Mercht.  App.  to  Saml. 
Dunklyn,  Cit.  and  Scrivener.  Feb.  21st  1716. 
Consid.  £100.  (Inl.  1/5-96.) 

William  Frere,  son  of  Tobias  Frere  of  Bar- 
badoes, dec'd.  App.  to  Rich.  Tilden,  Cit.  and 
Broiderer.  May  12th  1718.  Consid.  £300.  (Inl. 
1/6-62.) 

Isaac  Gale,  son  of  Isaac  Gale  of  Jamaica, 
Painter.  App.  to  Richard  Chapman  of  Bristol, 
Mercht.  23  Jan.  1718-9.  Consid.  £210.  (Inl. 
1/46-8.) 

John  Barbot,  son  of  James  Barbot  of  Maryland 
in  Virginia,  Mercht.  dec'd.  App.  to  Pierre  La 
Brasse  of  St.  Anns  Westminster,  Silversmith. 
1717— Consid.  £16.  (Inl.  1/5-117.) 

John  Brazil,  son  of  John  Brazil  of  Newfound- 
land, America,  dec'd.  App.  to  James  Lippyeat 
Hooper  &  Eleanor  his  wife.  2  March  1714. 
Consid.  £20.  (Inl.  1/43-166.) 

Nathaniel  Irish,  son  of  William  Irish  of  Mount 
Surat,  in  West  Indies,  Mercht.  dec'd.  App.  to 
Isaac  Waldoe,  Cit.  and  Grocer.  7  Sept.  1716. 
Consid.  £25.  (Inl.  1/5-16.) 

GERALD  FOTHERGILL. 

11,  Brussels  Road,  St.  John's  Hill,  S.W.I  1. 

STOWE  HOUSE,  SALE  OF  CONTENTS,  1847 
AND  1921. — Last  summer  witnessed  the 

I  final  dispersal  of  the  contents  of  this  princely 
mansion,  and  there  has  since  been  much 
discussion  as  to  the  adaptation  of  the 
house  to  other  uses.  Possibly  this  final  sale 
will  be  fully  recorded  and  analysed  in  a 
volume  similar  to  that  published  by  David 
Progue  in  1848,  which  also  provides  an 


adequate  history  of  the  remarkable  building. 
The  valuable  contents  included  specimens 
of  special  interest  to  compilers  of  works 
on  china,  glass,  furniture,  MSS.  and  the 
like — thus  James  Marryatt,  an  authoritative 
writer  on  porcelain,  seeks  information 
respecting  Etruscan  cups,  &c.  But  of  most 
interest  in  some  correspondence  of  the 
early  nineteenth  century  is  a  letter  from 
Stowe  House  dated  Sept.  9,  1817,  written 
by  Father  Charles  O'Connor  (1760-1828), 
then  libiarian,  to  some  unidentified  corre- 
spondent. After  a  preliminary  reference 
to  some  list  of  subscribers  he  pioceeds  : — • 

I  am  very  busily  employed  in  preparing  for 
publication  the  first  volume  of  my  Catalogue 
raisonne  of  this  MS.  room,  where  I  had  the 
pleasure  of  passing  some  very  cheerful  hours 
with  you  about  a  year  ago.  Since  that  tune  1 
have  never  heard  from  Mr.  Petrie,  and  having 
lost  his  address,  may  I  beg  of  you  to  say  some- 
thing kind  from  me  to  him,  and  to  assure  him 
that  I  keep  his  Welch  Chronicle  untouched,  and 
uncopied  with  the  exception  only  of  some  few 
dates,  which  I  think  he  gave  me  permission  to 
use. 

Dimensions  of  Stowe  Great  Library  above : 
Length  75  feet,  breadth  25  feet.  Number  of 
books  and  books  of  Prints  above  stairs,  21,000. 
Below  stairs,  Gothic  Room  or  MS.  Room, 
Number  of  MSS.,  2,000. 

The  ebony  chairs  were  purchased  at  Antwerp, 
they  were  Rubens'  and  are  beautifully  carved  in 
festoons,  wreaths  of  flowers,  &c.,  &c.  I  cannot 
be  more  accurate ;  who  carved  them  I  cannot 
discover,  but  the  workmanship  is  worthy  of 
such  a  professor  as  Rubens. 

My  2nd  vol.  will  come  out  immediately 
after  my  catalogue  is  completed  and  an  Irish 
map  of  the  Middle  Ages  completed. 

At  this  date  the  Grenville  Library,  sub- 
sequently bequeathed  to  the  British  Mu- 
seum, was  at  Stowe  House.  The  dispersals 
by  Messrs.  Sotheby  ot  the  boojfcfc  and  MSS., 
and  by  Phillips  of  the  prints  '(1834),  had 
not  occurred  or  were  even  considered  im- 
pending. The  manuscript  library  was 
fitted  in  the  Gothic  style  by  Sir  John 
Soane,  who  copied  many  of  the  ornaments 
in  Hemy  VII. 's  Chapel  at  Westminster 
Abbey  for  the  purpose. 

Dr.  O'Connor  was  grandson  of  Charles 
O'Connor  of  Belangare,  whose  Irish  MSS. 
had  passed  to  this  collection.  His  elaboiate 
work  in  four  volumes,  'Reium  Hiberni- 
carum  Scriptores  Veteres,'  is  now  scarce. 
Ihe  Catalogue  raisonne  of  the  MSS.  was 
privately  printed  at  Buckingham. 

The  sale  of  last  summer  did  not  cause  the 
popular  furore  of  the  earlier  sale,  1847. 
The  times  were  unpropitious,  and  such 
redistribution  of  collections  not  so  un- 
common. ALECK  ABRAHAMS. 


70 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[12  S.  X.JAN.  28,  1922. 


©uerie*. 

WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries 
in  order  that  answers  may  be  sent  to  them  direct. 


COLE,  OB  COALE-BENTS. — Can  anyone 
explain  the  meaning  of  the  above  term, 
which  recurs  each  year  in  some  accounts 
relating  to  an  estate  near  Buckingham, 
1661-1667  ?  The  receipts  are  grouped  under 
the  heading  "  Received  out  of  Padbury 
for  rents  called  coale-rents  n  ;  but  some- 
times the  spelling  is  "  cole."  The  amounts 
are  very  trifling,  the  highest  being  6s.  Sd. 
per  annum,  but  they  stand  apart  from  the 
quit-rents,  which  are  separately  assembled. 
Typical  examples  are  :— 
Received  of  Edward  Swannell  for  one 

yeares  rent  ending  at  Michas.  1661        . .  Is     0<1 


Received  of  John  King  of  Padbury  for  the 
like  for  Sammons  house  . , 


4*1 


The  usual  works  of  reference,  law  lexicons 
and  dialect  dictionaries  have  been  searched 
in  vain,  and  a  complete  set  of  '  N.  &  Q.' 
failed  to  assist.  At  the  P.R.O.  it  was 
suggested  that  the  right  to  make  charcoal 
was  alluded  to,  but  it  is  not  a  wooded 
district  and  there  is  no  evidence  to  support 
this.  Since  the  fifteenth  century  the  lord- 
ship of  the  manor  of  Padbury  has  been 
vested  in  the  Warden  and  Fellows  of  All 
Souls'  College,  Oxford,  but  neither  the 
Estates  Bursar  not  the  Steward  of  the 
manors  has  ever  heard  of  cole -rents.  The 
oldest  inhabitants  know  nothing  of  them, 
and  numerous  inquiries  in  many  directions 
have  elicited  nothing  but  guesses. 

VALE  or  AYLESBUBY. 

THOBNBOBOUGH. — Edward  Thornbrough, 
Commander,  R.N.,  died  at  South  Stoke,  near 
Arundel,  in  May,  1784,  leaving,  with  several 
daughters,  a  son,  Edward,  born  at  Plymouth 
Dock  in  1754,  who,  following  his  father's 
prof  ession,was  distinguished  by  much  active 
service  and  attained  high  honours.  He  died 
a  G.C.B.,  an  Admiral  of  the  Red  and  Vice- 
Admiral  of  the  United  'Kingdom,  the  chief 
post  in  the  Navy,  and  is  buried  in  Exeter 
Cathedral.  His  only  surviving  son,  Admiral 
Edward  Le  Cras  Thornbrough,  died  s.p.  in 
1857.  Among  other  relics  of  Sir  Edward 
Thornbrough  is  a  grant  of  arms  made  in 
1817,  assigning  to  himself  and  also  to  his 
only  sister  then  surviving  (Elizabeth,  widow 
of  Henry  Blaxton,  Lieut.,  R.N.),  the  fret  of 
Thornborough,  with  an  honourable  aug- 
mentation for  his  services,  viz.,  On  a  chief 


azure  an  anchor  erect  with  cable  or.     The 

patent    states    that    Sir    Edward    claimed 

|  descent  from  a  branch  of  the  family  of  John 

|  Thornborough,  who,  in  the  year  1634,  was 

Bishop  of  Worcester.     (The  bishop  died  at 

Hartlebury  Palace  in  1641  at  a  great-  age.) 

Information  giving  the  descent  of  Com- 

|  mander     Thornbrough     from     the     family 

"  seated  at  Salisbury,  in  the  county  of  Wilts, 

and  also  in  the  counties  of  Worcester  and 

Warwick,"  is  asked.  E.  T.  P.  S. 

BATTEBSEA  ENAMEL  WORKS. — Where  is 
it  possible  to  see  the  two  catalogues  of  the 
auction  sales  of  S.  T.  Janssen's  Battersea 
enamels,  (a)  that  of  March  4,  1756,  at  St. 
Paul's  Churchyard,  and  (b)  that  of  1762  at 
York  House,  Battersea  ?  Advertisements 
of  these  sales  have  been  found. 

As  S.  T.  Janssen  was  made  bankrupt  in 
1756,  would  it  be  possible  to  discover  any 
of  the  trade  books  or  wages  sheets  used  at 
his  enamel  works  at  York  House,  Battersea? 
The  Record  Office  possesses  particulars  of 
some  part  of  his  estate,  but  no  mention  of 
the  stock  of  Battersea  enamels  sold  in  1756. 

E.  M. 

.  '  ALLOSTBEE'S  ALMANACK,'  1680.  —  Can 
any  reader  of  your  valuable  paper  give 
any  information  with  regard  to  an  old 
almanack  which  I  happen  to  possess  a  copy 
of  for  the  year  1680  ?  It  is  labelled  '  Allos- 
tree's  Almanack  '  and  contains  a  marvellous 
store  of  information.  I  am  curious  to  know 
whether  there  are  any  other  copies  of  the 
same  now  to  be  found.  It  was  printed  for 
the  Stationers'  Company. 

PH.   YOBKE. 

V.  DE  VELDTE  THE  ELDEB  :  IDENTIFICA- 
TION OF  FLAG  SOUGHT. — In  a  picture 
which  appears  to  depict  H.M.S.  Swiftsure, 
lost  in  action  against  the  Dutch  in  1666,  the 
undermentioned  flag  flies  at  the  stern : 
a  St.  George's  cross  on  a  white  ground 
in  first  canton  (top  corner  against  flag-pole) 
fimbriated  red  and  white ;  the  remainder 
of  the  flag  is  striped  red  and  white  and 
checkered  red  and  white  round  all  four 
edges. 

Can  any  reader  identify  this  flag  ?     J.  M. 

QUAINT  CHARMS  TO  BE  IDENTIFIED. — - 
Amongst  scores  of  other  manuscripts — 
mainly  seventeenth-  and  eighteenth- century 
Yorkshire  diaries — left  to  me  by  my  late 
father  (who  spent  his  life  collecting  York- 
shire lore)  is  a  most  interesting  book  of 
strange  occurrences  in  the  Bedale  and 


12  S.  X.JAN.  28,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


71 


Wensleydale  district  towards  the  end  of  the 
eighteenth  and  beginning  of  the  nineteenth 
century.  This  was  the  work  of  one  Abe 
Braithwaite,  who  seems  to  have  been  at 
some  pains  to  copy  thereinto  quaint  entries 
from  contemporary  and  earlier  folios  kept 
by  those  who  were  like-minded  to  himself. 
Amongst  the  entries  made  by  Braithwaite 
is  one  "from  Mistress  Pickersgill's  Bible 
fly-leaf,  dated  1680  "  (spelling  I  have 
modernized),  which  has  the  preface,  "  The 
following  charm  is  powerfull  to  make  brave. 
It  must  be  writ  small  on  skinne  and  worn 
over  ye  heart  "  : — 
Thus  spake  Hagwolf  to  Elfreda  :  "I  have  driven 

my  knife  in  the  ash." 
To  Garni  he  said  :   "I  come  from  the  oak,  my  axe 

struck  deep." 
Then  spake  Harold  and  Arthur  :   "  We  twain  have 

been  on  the 
Very  top  of  the  White  Mountain,  so  we  could  not 

go  so  much 

As  a  grain  of  sand  higher. 
There  hid  we  in  the  shadow  of  the  Moon  ; 
Left  we  there  a  yackron  (acorn)  yet  green  in  its 

cup, 
Left  we  there  a  fir  chatt  upon  the  great  stone  which 

Thor  threw, 
The  fir  branch  tied  we  with  thongs  drawn  from  a 

bear  we  slew, 

The  feather  of  an  eagle  which  fell  from  its  wing — 
Yet  it  touched  not  the  earth,  for  we  twain  did 

catch  it,"  &c. 

The  second  "charm,"  which  has  interested 
me  much,  is  headed  "  To  save  a  chylde 
from  the  Devil  and  witchspell." 

The  child  was  laid  in  Spence's  cradle,  the  mother 
standing  astride  facing  the  head  if  a  boy,  the  other 
way  if  a  girl,  with  hands  crossed  and  sed  after 
Spence  : — 

Bilda  ac  studa 

Melchea  ag  schugg, 

Saga  bis  saagi 

Ephersi  Epheisa 

Bin  schtrugg 

Si  Blatza,  sin  Bletzie 

Og  strobus  ac  Agg 

Virgin  mother  ly  numbus 
,  Sweet  Jesu  by  Tag 

When  it  was'lifted  from  the  cradle  by  its  mother, 
it  was  sprinkled  with  salt  and  water— sprinkled  on 
the  face. 

Can  any  reader  identify  the  first  quotation 
as  an  old  saga,  and  is  the  second  merely 
gibberish,  as  were  so  many  early  charms  ? 
J.  FAIRFAX-BLAKEBOROUGH. 

Grove  House,  Xorton-on-Tees. 

SPELLING     OF     "  CHAMPAGNE." — I    have 

old  wine  labels  engraved  "  Champaign  "  and 

"  Champaigne,"  and  am  desirous  of  finding 

out  when  these   latter   spellings  gave  way 

.  t  < »  the  present  form.  C.  J.  P. 


"  WATER  MEASURE  "  FOR  APPLES  AND 
PEARS. — I  am  informed  that  prior  to  the 
reign  of  Queen  Anne,  apples  and  pears  were 
customarily  sold  by  water  measure.  It 
seems  that  no  definitions  of  the  quantities 
of  this  measure  were  legally  laid  down. 
Where  can  I  find  information  as  to  what 
kind  of  vessel  the  seller  employed  during 
a  transaction,  whence  the  name  arose,  and 
how  dissatisfaction  came  to  be  felt  with 
their  use  during  the  reign  of  William  III. 
which  led  to  the  legal  definition  of  the 
measure  in  one  of  the  earliest  years  of  Queen 
Anne  ?  W.  S.  B.  H. 

FAMILY  OF  LEE. — Joseph  Lee  died  in 
1751  and  was  buried  with  his  wife,  Frances, 
in  Bread  Street  Church,  E.C.  He  was  a 
merchant  and  had  property  in  Cairo,  and 
they  lived  in  Blackfriars.  Robert  Cooper 
Lee,  son  of  above,  was  born  in  1735  and  died 
1794.  He  was  Crown  Solicitor  of  Jamaica 
in  1764,  and  married  Priscilla  Kelly, 
natural  and  adopted  daughter  of  Chief 
Justice  Dennis  Kelly  of  that  island.  He 
returned  to  England,  practised  as  a  barrister 
and  lived  in  Bedford  Square.  Of  his  six 
children  only  one  left  issue,  viz.,  Fa  veil 
Bourke  Lee,  who  married  David  Bevan,  a 
banker  of  Lombard  Street,  in  1798. 

Mary  Lee,  daughter  of  Joseph  Lee, 
married  a  Mr.  Morley,  and  her  daughter 
Mary  married  Isaac  Parminter  and  had  a 
large  family. 

Robert  Cooper  Lee  and  his  children 
were  very  intimate  with  Lee  Antonie, 
M.P.,  of  Colwarth  Park,  Beds,  whom  hi' 
their  letters,  they  address  as  "  cousin," 
but  no  connexion  can  at  present  be 
traced.  They  are  also  believed  in  some 
way  to  have  been  related  to  Mrs.  Fitz- 
herbert,  and  they  were  often  in  attendance 
on  George  IV.  when  Prince  of  Wales. 
Possibly  some  reader  can  help  me  in  tracing 
out  this  pedigree.  Particulars  are  also 
wanted  of  Joseph  Lee's  ancestors. 

(MRS.)  A.  N.  GAMBLE. 

Gorse  Cottage,  Hook  Heath,  Woking. 

ANDREW  BARNARD  :  SIR  FREDERICK 
AUGUSTUS  BARNARD,  K.C.H. — These  were 
librarians  to  King  George  III.  The  former 
was  husband  of  the  author  of  '  Auld  Robin 
Gray,'  Lady  Anne  Barnard,  as  to  whom 
see  the  '  D.N.B.'  The  latter,  a  natural 
son  of  Frederick,  Prince  of  Wales,  died 
Jan.  27,  1830,  aged  87.  Where  can  I  find 
any  account  of  them  ? 

JOHN  B.  WAINE WRIGHT. 


72 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[12  S.  X.  JAX.  28,  1922. 


DE  KEMPLEN'S  AUTOMATON  CHESS-PLAYER. 
— This  was  exhibited  at  8,  Savile  Row  in 
1784,  and  the  supposed  mystery  and  its  ex- 
posure were  the  subject  of  two  pamphlets : — 

1.  '  Inanimate    Reason  ;     or    A    Circum- 
stantial Account  of  that  Astonishing  Piece 
of    Mechanism,    M.     de    Kemplen's    Chess  | 
Player,'  &c.      This  has  a  folding  frontispiece 
and     generally     supports     the     "  piece     of  j 
mechanism  "  delusion. 

2.  '  The  Speaking   Figure  and   the  Auto- 
maton Chess-Player  Exposed  and  Detected,' 
&c.     This  is  anti  the  "  piece  of  mechanism  " 
and  pro  the  hidden  "  director  of  the  game."  j 

It  may  be  inferred  that  many  other 
pamphlets  were  issued  in  support  of  or 
opposed  to  the  delusion,  and  a  mechanical 
chess-player  was,  I  believe,  exhibited  in 
Piccadilly  about  a  century  later.  References 
to  other  pamphlets  or  adequate  descriptions 
of  the  exhibition  will  be  appreciated. 

ALECK  ABRAHAMS. 

WILL-O'-THE-WISP. — The  '  Encyclopaedia 
Britamiica '  says  there  is  much  difference 
of  opinion  as  to  the  exact  cause  of  will- 
o'-the-wisps  (also  known  as  "Jack-o'- 
la.nterns,"  "  corpse  candles,"  ignis  fatuus). 
Is  the  cause  now  known  ? 

ALFRED   S.   E.   ACKERMANN. 

MULBERRY-TREES. — At  what  age  do  mul- 
berry-trees begin  to  bear  ? 

ALFRED  S.  E.  ACKERMANN. 

BEARS. — Are  bears  in  reality  very  fero- 
cious compared  with  other  wild  animals  ? 
ALFRED  S.  E.  ACKERMANN. 

RAIN   AND   FISHING. — Does   a   shower   of| 
rain,    or   a   wet   day,    improve   fishing  ?     If 
so,  why  ?  ALFRED  S.  E.  ACKERMANN. 

KYN ASTON. — Thomas  Southhouse  Kynas- 
ton  was  admitted  to  Westminster  School 
Sept.  10,  1782,  and  Edward  Kynaston 
Jan.  12,  1829,  aged  13.  I  should  be  glad 
to  obtain  any  information  about  them. 

G.  F.  R.  B. 

JOHN  CHRISTOPHER  FREDERICK  KEPPEL 
was  admitted  to  Westminster  School 
Jan.  1-9,  1775.  I  should  be  glad  to  obtain 
any  information  about  his  parentage  and 
career.  G.  F.  R.  B. 

PROVERBS  AND  PHRASES. — What  is  the  origin 
of  the  following  : — 

1.  "A  tailor  is  only  the  ninth  part  of  a  man." 

2.  "  You  must  tell  that  to  the  marines." 

J.  J.  WARREN. 

[The  first  of  these  was  discussed  at  4  S.  ii.  437, 
587  ;  iii.  84  ;  viii.  36,  under  the  form  "  Nine 
tailors  make  a  man."] 


AUTHORS  WANTED. —  1.  I  recently  came  upon  a 
small    old   marble  statuette  of  a   goat   climbing 
a  vine,  with  this  verse  on  the  base  : — 
"  Eat,  goat,  and  live  ; 

The  fruitful  vine 

Will  ever  yield 

Enough  of  wine." 

but  I  have  not  been  able  to  trace  the  source  or 
author,  and  I  am  writing  to  inquire  if  you  can 
assist  in  the  matter  ?  E.  HENDERSON. 

2.  Who  wrote  : — 

"  I  have  seen  the  wings  of  Hermes  glisten 

Seen  him  wave  afar  his  golden  wand  (?) 
But  to  me  the  Herald  would  not  listen 
As  the  Dead  swept  by  at  his  command, 
Not  with  that  pale  crew 
Durst  I  venture  too, 
Ever  closed  for  me  the  Silent  Land. 

"  Day  and  night  before  that  gloomy  portal, 

Giant  shapes,  the  Guards  of  Hades  lie, 
None  of  heavenly  kind,  nor  yet  of  mortal, 
May  unchallenged  pass  those  Warders  by. 
None  that  way  may  go, 
Unless  he  can  show 
His  last  passport  to  Eternity." 

"  N.  O.  SELLAM." 

3.  Whose  is  the  saying  :    "  All  suffering  flesh  is 
Christ."  E.  R. 


THE  ARMS  OF  LEEDS. 
(12  S.  ix.  507;  x.  56). 

WITH  reference  to  MRS.  COPE'S  query  under 
the  above  heading,  I  venture  to  think  that 
there  is  more  inaccuracy  in  The  Morning 
Post's  remarks  than  in  the  maligned  arms. 
In  '  The  Book  of  Public  Arms/  by  A.  C. 
Fox-Davies,  the  arms  of  Leeds  are  thus 
described  : — 

Azure  a  fleece  or,  on  a  chief  sable  three  mullets 
argent.  Recorded  at  the  Visitation  of  the 
County  of  Yorkshire,  1662  [sic].  A  crest,  an 
owl  argent,  and  supporters,  on  either  side  an 
owl  argent  ducally  crowned  or,  are  regularly  used, 
but  are  of  no  authority.  Motto,  "  Pro  Rege  et 
Lege."  Burke  in  his  '  General  Armory  gives 
the  tinctures,  azure  a  fleece  or,  on  a  chief  of  the 
last  three  mullets  of  the  field,  but  the  arms  as 
given  above  are  regularly  used  (p.  432). 

It  is  not  the  fact  that  "  soon  after 
Charles  I.  ascended  the  throne  Leeds  added 
certain  unauthorized  embellishments  to  its 
shield,"  for  prior  to  Charles  the  First's  time 
Leeds  was  not  a  corporate  borough  ;  and 
having  no  arms  therefore  could  not  "add 
embellishments  "  to  what  it  did  not  possess. 
The  real  fact  is  that  Leeds  first  assumed 
armorial  bearings  when  Charles  I.  Was 
king.  Leeds  was  incorporated  by  that 
sovereign  in  1626,  and  the  first  corporate 
seal,  with  the  legend  SIGILLVM  BVBGI  DE 


i2s.x.jAx.28,io22.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  73 


USEDES  1626,  shows  a  shield  azure  with  a  official  purveyors.  Let  one  example  suffice 
fleece  of  gold,  supported  by  two  silver  owls  ;  —  another  Yorkshire  city.  From  1843  to 
•crowned.  The  same  arms  also  appear  on  1875  Sheffield  used,  "  without  authority  " 
an  old  "'  Wait's  Badge  "  of  the  seventeenth  a  simple  but  effective  coat  :  Azure,  a 
century  figured  in  Warden's  '  Municipal  j  bundle  of  arrows  saltirewise,  tied  in  the 
History  of  Leeds.'  The  fleece,  of  course,  j  middle  between  two  pheons  —  a  punning 
was  an  allusion  to  the  town's  staple  trade,  allusion  to  its  name  and  trade  couched  in 
and  the  owls  were  adopted  from  the  Savile  sufficiently  heraldic  form.  In  the  latter 
.arms  (silver  with  a  bend  sable  and  three  year  the  Kings-of-Arms  granted  a  new-made 
owls  silver  on  the  bend)  as  a  delicate  compli-  coat  (the  blazon  is  from  the  grant,  or 
ment  to  Sir  John  Savile  of  Howley  Hall,  rather  a  copy)  :  Per  fess  azure  and  vert, 
first  Alderman  of  the  town  under  the  in  chief  eight  arrows  interlaced  saltirewise 
charter  of  1626,  and  subsequently  created  banded  argent,  and  in  base  three  garbs 
Baron  Savile  of  Pontefract.  The  first  seal  fessewise  or  ;  and  for  a  crest,  on  a  wreath 
was  used  until  1  662,  when  a  new  one  Was  •  of  the  colours  a  lion  rampant  argent,  gorged 
prepared,  the  town  having  received  a  fresh  '  with  a  collar  and  holding  between  the  paws 
charter  from  Charles  II.  in  1661.  The  an  antique  shield  azure,  charged  with  eight 
new  seal  showed  a  shield  of  arms  as  now  arrows  as  in  the  arms.  The  garos  or 
borne,  but  without  crest  or  supporters,  i.e.,  sheaves  are  doubtless  an  annexation  from 
with  a  chief  sable  and  three  silver  mullets  the  well-known  arms  of  the  Sheffields, 
on  the  chief  —  an  adaptation  from  the  arms  baronets  of  Lincolnshire,  and  their  pro- 
of Thomas  Danby,  the  first  Mayor  under  the  j  gemtors,  the  Lords  Mulgrave,  and 
new  charter,  who  bore,  Silver,  three  chevrons  j  Dukes  of  Buckingham  and  Normanby  — 
braced  sable  with  a  chief  .-able  and  three  !  a  quite  unnecessary  addition  as  the  Sheffields 
mullets  silver  on  the  chief.  The  borough  do  not  appear  to  have  had  any  connexion 
seems  to  have  recorded  these  arms  at  with  the  town  of  their  name.  Surely  it  was 
Sir  William  Dugdale's  Visitation  of  York-  heavy  wit  on  the  part  of  the  three  Kings-of  - 
shire,  in  1665  (not  1662,  pace  Mr.  Fox-  I  Arms  who  signed  this  grant  to  laboriously 
Da  vies),  as  appears  from  a  MS.  note  by  perpetrate  such  armorial  puns,  with 
Ralph  Thoresby,  the  eminent  Leeds  his-  sheaves  of  corn  and  arrows,  so  many  times 
torian  (see  Thoresby  Society's  publications,  in  one  shield  and  crest. 

vol.  xv.  '  Miscellanea,'  pp.  83-4).  All  the  j  In  The  Yorkshire  Weekly  Post  of  January 
old  corporation  seals  are  figured  in  Warden's  i  14,  1922,  I  have  discussed  the  question  of 
work,  and  it  is  possible  that  from  the  dots  i  the  Leeds  arms  and  have  argued  that  the 
shown  on  the  chiefs  of  the  arms  in  that  \  city  already  possessed  a  good  title  to  its 
book  has  arisen  the  misconception  that  the  j  armorial  bearings  by  prescription  and  long 
chief  in  the  Leeds  arms  was  gold.  It  is  j  usage,  and  that  the  Corporation  had  no 
certainly  not  used  by  the  Leeds  Corpora-  |  need  to  apply  to  the  College  of  Arms  for  a 

new    grant.     My   article    contains    sketches 


tion. 

The    addition    of    a    helmet    to    a    civic 
achievement    of     arms     may    be    nonsense, 


of  the  old  and  new  coats. 


W.  B.  BARWELL  TURNER. 


and  yet  such  a  decoration  is  borne  by  MRS  JoANNA  STEPHENS  (12  S.  x.  .8).— 
authority  of  the  Heralds'  College  (so  |  The  facts  of  Mrs.  Stephens's  cVase  are  curious, 
much  invoked  by  Mr.  Fox-Davies  in  his  and  somewhat  different  to  any  other  in 
various  publications)  by  most  of  the  eighteenth-centurv  quackery.  Mrs.  Stephen. 
London  and  many  provincial  borough  of  |  ^  d  th e  pubfiAhat  she  had  discovered 
recent  creation  as  testified  by  'The  Book  ,ft  remedial  medicine  f or  stone  in  the  bladder, 
of  Public  Arms.  I  cordially  agree  with  &nd  essed  her  wiiiingness  to  part  with 

Mrs    Cope  s  remarks  on  the  meptftude  of  |  h          £      f          blic  use  f£.  £5  Q0(£    Dmm_ 

^Tw  °H  T   T°^CiaH  heraldry'     Th?    late   mond,   the  banker,   opened  an  account  for 

;   f  I'  •       ™   J°hl\a9>e'.  no  ™ean  Jud£e»   voluntary  subscriptions,  but  £1,356  3*.  only 

8id\   \m    «        Archce°h91™1   J™™1>    h»-!  being    received,    Mrs.     Stephens    used    her 

94,   that       it   must   be   allowed   that   thejmflu|nce  with    such    of    the    legislators  as 

townsfolk  [of  Leeds]  devised  for  themselves  !  she  cou]d  approach,  and  in  particular  with 

a   pretty   and    most    appropriate    shield    of  j  Carteret,     the     Postmaster  -  General,     who 

arms,"  and  the    champions    of  the  heralds  |  had  been  her  patient  in  1735.     Eventually, 

and   their   privileges    can   hardly   maintain    in    1739,   an  Act   (12   Geo.   II.,   c.    23)  was 

.that    better    heraldry    is    produced    by    its  '  passed  "  For  providing   a  reward  to   Joanna 


74  NOTES  AND  QUERIES.          [i2S.x.jAx.2.,i9M. 

Stephens  upon  a  proper  discovery  to  be  |  By  1772  the  medicine  had  become  a 
made  by  her  for  the  use  of  the  publick  of  |  standing  joke.  The  Rev.  Richard  Graves, 
the  medicines  prepared  by  her  for  the  cure)  one  of  the  keenest  humorists  of  the  eighteenth 
of  the  stone."  On  March  5,  1739/40,  the  !  century,  thus  refers  to  it  in  his  '  Spiritual 
major  portion  of  the  trustees  named  in  j  Quixote  '  (Book  ix.,  ch.  14)  : — 
the  Act  met  and  signed  a  certificate  stating  i  Slicer  [a  hypochondriac  who  was  in  the  habit 
that  they  were  "  convinced  by  experiment j  of  sampling  ail  the  quack  remedies  advertised] 
of  the  utility  and  efficacy  "  of  the  medicines  ,  ^Jen  bid  the  servant  bring  him  Mrs.  Stephens's 
^•o«i~o^  i?  TV/T  „  o-i-i  v,~  nn»«,  ->  Medicine  for  the  Stone  and  Gravel,  which  he 

disclosed  by  Mrs.  Stephens  Thereupon  never  omitted,  he  said,  since  it  was  first  discovered, 
the  Treasury  paid  out  £5,000  to  her.  Writers  «  what  1  are  you  afflicted  with  the  stone  and 
on  the  eighteenth  century  have  condemned  gravel  then  ?  "  says  Mr.  Selkirk.— "Afflicted  !  "  says 
the  whole  transaction  in  the  severest  terms,  '  Slicer,  "  no  sir,  God  forbid  !  nor  ever  was 
but  it  can  scarcely  be  said  that  the  Govern-  l  afflicted  with  it ;  but  I  suppose  I  should  have 
,  ,  ill  r\c  j_i  c\ct  j.  been  afflicted  with  it  betore  this  time  it  1  had  not 

ment  acted  recklessly.  Of  the  22  trustees  !  taken  ^  admirable  medicine  ;  and,  as  every 
who  signed  the  certificate,  nine  Were  medical  <  one  is  subject  more  or  less,  to  gravel  and  sabulous 
men  of  standing  in  their  profession  :  T.  I  concretions,  it  is  madness  to  neglect  so  easy  a 
Pellet,  president  of  the  Royal  College  of  i  precaution  as  this  noble  lithonthriptic,  which 

PVivsioians  •  thpfonro^risorq  of  that   TrtllpcrP  •    Provldence     has     permitted     to     be     discovered, 
:>ur  censors  ot  tnat  UOllege  ,    and    for    wMch    the   Parliament  has   granted  so 

Peter  Shaw,  who  Was  as  eminent  as  a  scienti-  |  handsome  a  reward."  The  servant  having 
fie  chemist  as  a  physician ;  Cheselden,  brought  the  preparation,  with  a  large  bason  of 
surgeon  to  Chelsea  Hospital  •  Csesar  Haw-  i  veal  broth,  Slicer  swallowed  the  nauseous  pre- 
kins,  surgeon  to  the  Prince  of  Wales  ;  scription  with  alacrity ;  though  the  virtues,  or 
i  o  i  01  n  •>  '  even  the  safety  of  that  medicine  have  justly  been 

and     Samuel     Sharpe      surgeon    to    Guy  s.  i  questioned,.   notwithstanding     the     decision     of 
The  Rev.  Stephen  Hales,  the  ablest  scientific    Our  wise  legislators  in  its  favour, 
chemist   of  his  day,   was  also  a  signatory,  i  j    pAUL  DE  C ASTRO. 

In  the  face  of  these  names  it  cannot  be  said  |      1?  Essex  Court?  Tempie. 
that  the  Government  failed  to  take  expert  j 
advice.     The   malady    sought   to   be   cured ; 

was,  at  that  time,  almost  as  direful  as  the  j  ,  o  THE  BEGGARS  OPERA  IN  DICKENS 
small-pox,  and  no  one  would  say  that  (12S- lx-  309 ;  x-  14)-— Miss  DODDS  pulls  me 
Jenner's  discoveries  would  not  have  been  UP  about  the  paucity  of  literary  allu- 
worth  such  a  sum  as  was  paid  to  Mrs.  i sions  m  Dickens;  but  when  wrote 
Stephens  literary  [  was  contrasting  him  in  my 

That  'Mrs.  Stephens's  remedies  were  a  min<*  with  Fielding,  Scott,  and  Thackeray, 
failure  is  not  to  be  denied.  A  severe  critic  who  abound  in  such  quotations— often 
of  them  was  Dr.  Mead,  archiater  and  the  i  learned  ;  perhaps  I  should  not  have  applied 
first  opinion  of  his  day.  In  1751,  in  his  i the  word  '  literary  'to  The  Beggars 
"  Medical  Precepts,"  chap.  X.,  he  wrote  :—  °P?ra"'  whflch  1S  rather  dra^atlc  orT  musical 


Particular   care  should   be  taken  not  to  put 


and        erefore    current    and    popular.        Of 


the  patient  into  a  course  of  powerful  diuretics  |  popular  dramatic  allusions  there  may  be 
with  a  view  of  preventing  the  gravel  from  con-  j  many  in  Dickens  ;  I  have  just  found 
creting  in  the  kidneys  :  because,  whatever  great  j  another  to  add  to  Miss  Dodds's  list,  also 
things  may  be  said  of  this  sort.  of  medicines  by  from  'David  Copperfield.'  The  song  from 


ignorant  pretenders,  they  certainly  injure  the 
parts  by  their  heat  and  acrimony.  Nor  can  I 
avoid  observing,  though  I  am  extremely  sorry 


'  The  Beggar's  Opera,'  '  When  the  heart  of 
a  man,'   which  Mr.  .Wegg  sang,  was    also 


for  the  occasion,  that  some  gentlemen  of  the  j  sung  by  Steerforth's  friend  Markham  at  the 
faculty  a  few  years  since  acted  a  part  much  be-  j  disastrous  supper  party  in  chap.  xxiv. 
neath  their  character,  first,  in  suffering  them- !  guch  references  to  the  '  B.O.'  are  perhaps 

^^tr^^SiS^s^nsi  ?? a  level  w?h  ^am  YerJler>s  <?fntiovf 

medicine  at  an  exorbitant  price  ;    by  vouching  |  the  once  popular  story  of  George  Barnwell. 


that  it  was  capable  of  breaking  stone  in  the 
bladder,  and  bringing  away  the  fragments  .  .  . 
Mead  proceeds  to  explain  the  manner 
in  which  the  experimenters  had  misled 
themselves,  and  recommends  a  book  by 
Dr.  Parsons  "  in  which  both  the  mischief 
done  by  the  medicine,  and  the  artifices 


If  I  may  add  another  word,  we  must 
distinguish  between  quotations  proper  and 
allusions,  or  hidden  quotations  without 
inverted  commas  in  the  text  of  authors. 
One  of  these  was  the  passage  I  quoted 
from  Miss  Moucher.  A  recent  reading  of 
several  of  Scott's  novels  has  shown  me  how 


.employed  to  bring  it  into  vogue,   are   set   many     unacknowledged     expressions     from 
out  in  a  clear  light."  Milton  there  are  in  his  pages.    For  instance,. 


12  S.  X.  JAN.  28,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


75 


Jeanie    Deans,    after    her    interview    with 
Queen    Caroline,    was    "  dazzled    and    sunk 
with  colloquy  divine.'"    So  Was  Adam  on  one  ! 
occasion  in  '  Paradise  Lost,'  bk.  viii. 

C.  W.  B. 

TITLE  OF  "  K.H."  (12  S.  ix.  529  ;  x.  36). —  j 
Incidental  confirmation  could  be  given  by 
information     furnished     by     MB.     ROBERT  j 
PIERPOINT    of     the     fact     that     a    Knight  j 
of  the  Royal  Hanoverian  Guelphic   Order,  j 
was  not  entitled,  as  such,  to  be  called  "  Sir,"  I 
but  it  is  not  made  clear  whether  a  Knight  j 
Commander  of  that  Order  was  in  the  same 
case. 

The  generally  confirmatory  information 
is  to  be  found  in  Joseph  Foster's  '  Peerage, 
Baronetage,  and  Knightage  of  the  British 
Empire'  for  1881,  (vol.  i.,  p.  745).  A  list 
is  given  which  "  contains  only  the  names 
of  such  Knights  of  the  Order  as  are  natives  | 
of  this  country,"  it  being  noted  that  "  the  ! 
Guelphic  Order  has  not  been  conferred  by  I 
the  British  Crown  since  the  death  of  William  j 
IV.,  when  the  British  Sovereign  ceased  to  be 
monarch  of  Hanover."  There  are  named 
four  Knights  Grand  Cross  (the  Duke  of 
Cambridge,  the  Marquis  of  Donegal,  Vis- 
count Falkland,  and  the  Earl  of  Wilton), 
one  Knight  Commander  (Sir  Woodbine 
Parish),  and  fifteen  Knights,  the  cautionary 
mark  being  prefixed  to  these  last,  "  It 
is  uncertain  whether  the  beloW -named  are 
all  living  "  (Lieut. -Col.  John  Austen,  Lieut.  - 
Col.  Alexander  Barton,  Lieut. -Col.  William 
Beresford,  Major  James  Briggs,  Gen.  Sir 
Richard  England,  Gen.  Sir  Abraham  Josiah 
€loe'te,  Adm.  George  Thomas  Gordon,  Major 
John  Salisbury  Jones,  Lieut. -Col.  Donald 
Macpherson,  Captain  Moreau,  Thomas 
William  Nicholson,  George  Antoine  Ramsay, 
Major  Archibald  Stewart,  Gen.  Pringle  Taylor, 
.and  Major  Robert  Henry  Willcocks). 

Of  these  Sir  Woodbine  Parish,  who  was 
made  K.C.H.  in  1837  and  died  in  1882, 
does  not  appear  to  have  had  any  other 
Order  of  Knighthood  conferred  upon  him, 
and  yet  he  was  always  styled  "  Sir  " 

CD.N.B.,'  vol.  xini.,  P.  213). 

General  Sir  Abraham  Cloe'te  is  given  by 
Foster  (vol.  ii.,  p.  704)  as  "  K.C.B.,  1854, 
K.H.,  Knighted,  1854,"  but  this  omits  the 
date  of  the  conferment  of  the  K.H.,  which, 
according  to  the  '  D.N.B.'  (vol.  xi.,  p.  120), 
was  1836,  being  followed  in  1854  by  knight- 
hood ;  and  he  died  in  1886.  General  Sir 
Richard  England  (who  died  in  1883)  is  noted 
by  Foster  (vol.  ii.,  p.  708)  as  "  G.C.B,,  1855, 
K.H.,  1855  "  ;  but  the  '  D.N.B.'  (vol.  xvii., 


p.  371)  awards  him  the  K.C.B.  in  1843,  with 
the  G.C.B.  subsequently  won  by  his  Crimean 
services,  including  the  directiqji  of  the 
attack  on  the  Redan.  The  latter  does  not 
specify  the  K.H.,  but  that  may  have  come 
from  his  activities  as  Brigadier-General 
during  the  Kaffir  War,  1836  and  1837. 

ALFRED  L.  ROBBINS. 

BARON  GRANT  (12  S.  x.  31).— The 
distich  inquired  for  appeared  at  the  foot 
of  a  coloured  caricature  of  Albrecht  Gott- 
heimer  (anglice  Albert  Grant)  drawn  by 
"  Ape  "  (Carlo  Pellegrini)  and  published  in 
Vanity  Fair  in  the  earliest  seventies.  The 
second  line  ran  : — 

Wealth  without  honour  is  a  barren  grant. 

ALFRED  ROBBINS. 

According  to  my  memory  the  lines  were  : — 
Title  a  king  can  give,  honour  he  can't, 
Title  without  honour  is  a  barren  grant. 
There  were  two  other    lines,  of  which  all 
that   I   remember  is   that   one   ended  with 
(?)  "dilemma  "  and  the  other  with  "  Emma." 
The    latter    word    was    an    allusion    to    the 
Emma    mines,    a    speculative    investment, 
promoted,  I  think,  by  Baron  Grant. 

ROBERT  PIERPOINT. 

The    couplet    in    question    originated,    I 
believe,  in  the  Stock  Exchange,  as  I  have 
heard  that  it  was  affixed  to  the  wall  at  one 
of    the    entries — probably     Capel    Court — 
where  it  remained   but  a  very  short  period. 
The  lines,  as  I  remember  them,  ran. : — • 
A  king  can  a  title  give  :   honour  he  can't, 
A  title  without  honour's  but  a  barren  grant. 
G.  W.  YOUNGER. 
2,  Mecklenburgh  Square,  W.C.I. 


I     find 
lines  : — 


I    have    two    versions    of     these 


Titles  the  king  can  give  ;  honour  he  can't. 
Title  without  honour  is  a  Baron  Grant, 
and 

The  Queen  makes  Barons, 
Gentlemen  she  can't ; 
For  barren  honour 
Is  a  Baron  Grant. 

but  I   do  not  know  from  whence  I  copied 
them.  MARY  FORTESCTJE. 

Of    course   you've   heard   the   news   that   Baron 

Grant, 

To  gain  what  most  he  seems  to  want, 
A  good  repute  has  promised  to  reclaim 
Wild   Leicester   Square,  so  long  the  West  End's 

shame. 

But  will  the  world  forget  those  flowers  of  Grants 
Are  but  the  products  of  his  City  plants  ? 
And  who  for  shady  walks  would  giye  him  praise 
For  wealth  thus  spent  when  gained  in  shady  ways  ? 


76 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[12  S.  X.  JAN.  28,  1922. 


Bank,  titles,  money  can  give,  but  honour  can't. 
Rank  without  honour  is  but  barren  grant ; 
In  short,  what  can  he  hope  from  this  affair, 
Save  to  confiect  his  name  with  one  thing  square  ? 

I  was  present  at  the  opening  ceremony 
in  1874,  when  thousands  of  printed  circulars 
with  above  lines  were  sold  by  hawkers. 

E.  LEGGATT. 

62,  Cheapside,  E.C. 

I 

THE    BRIGHTON    ATHEN^UM   (ANTHEUM)  | 
(12  S.  x.  32).— The  Brighton  Antheum  (not; 
Athenaeum),  or  Floral  Hall,  stood  on  the  site } 
of  what  is  now  Palmeira  Square.    A  descrip- 1 
tion  of  its  erection  and  collapse,  together  with  I 
a  sketch,  will  be  found  in  the  late  Mr.  J.  G.  | 
Bishop's  'A  Peep  into  the  Past;  or  Brighton 
in  the  Olden  Time,'  p.  387  (1892  ed.). 
GERALD  LODER. 

EDWARD  LAMPLUGH  (12  S.  ix.  491,  533; 
x.  39). — Edward  Lamplugh  was  the  second ! 
son   of   the   Rev.  Thomas   Lamplugh,  who  i 
was  the  eldest   son   of  Thomas  Lamplugh, 
Archbishop     of    York.     This    Thomas    was 
rector    of     St.    Anclrew    Undershaft  ;      his 
wife  was  Anne  Boham.     I  take  this  from 
a     MS.    pedigree     in,     I     think,    probably 
Katherine    Lamplugh' s    Writing.     She    was 
a  daughter  of  Thomas  Lamplugh,  a  grand- 
daughter of  the  Archibshop,   and  niece   of 
Edward  Lamplugh  ;   also  she  was  my  great- 
great-grandmother.      I   possess  the  memo- 
randum  of  Thomas   Lamplugh' s  induction 
to   the   living    of    St.   Andrew   Undershaft.  | 
It  is  in  Latin  on  stamped  and  sealed  paper, 
signed  by  the  Bishop   of  London  and  six  i 
witnesses,  dated  Dec.  24,  1701. 

I    have    also    a    wine    merchant's    bill :  | 
"  London  anno  1702.     The  Revd  D*  Lamp- ' 
high,  Dr  to  Wm  Raphe   for  wine."      (The 
wines  are  "  White  Callavella,"  "  Red  Anna- 
dea,"    "White  Annadea,"    and   "  Canary.") 
"  To    wine    sent    from    12th-   of     February 
to  ye   18th  of  August,   £48.  .01.  .08."      All 
details   in   full    as    to    quantities,    packing, 
credit  on  bottles,  and  hampers  returned,  ftc. 

I  have,  too,  the  Archbishop's  case  of 
silver -handled  knives  and  forks  ;  the  knives 
have  on  their  ends  the  arms  of  the  See  of 
York  impaling  Lamplugh  (Or,  a  cross 
fleury,  sable)  surmounted  by  a  mitre,  but 
without  the  modern,  and  incorrect,  addition 
of  a  coronet.  I  have  also  the  Archbishop's 
silver-mounted  ebony  walking-stick,  with 
Lamplugh  arms  and  crest  on  the  end  of 
the  handle  ;  quantities  of  his  MS.  sermons, 
a  few  letters,  one  from  Sancroft,  and  one 
.from  the  future  rector  of  St.  Andrew  Under- 
shaft, in  a  childish  hand,  written  from 


Eton  when  he  was  eleven  years  old ;  and,, 
of  rather  more  interest,  the  Earl  Marshal's 
summons,  signed  by  William  III.,  to  come 
to  London,  bringing  his  robes  for  the  King's 
Coronation,  Sancroft  having  declined  to 
officiate.  M.  E.  A.  P. 

Crieff. 

LAUNCHING  OF  SHIPS  (12  S.  x.  31).— 
"  Stern  foremost "  is  not  invariably  fol- 
lowed, I  think,  save  with  the  larger  and 
more  risky  vessels.  Common  sense  seems 
to  indicate  that  the  stern,  being  the  heavier 
and  bulkier  end,  will  more  readily  induce 
"  way,"  or  motion,  when  the  vessel  is 
released  and  gliding  down  the  slips,  and 
this  thicker  part  of  the  structure  will  also 
assist  in  retarding  her  motion,  once  launched. 
Most  ships  are  built  at  right  angles  to  more 
or  less  narrow  'rivers,  and  if  motion  was  not 
quickly  checked  the  ship  would  soon  be 
ashore,  or  in  collision  with  the  opposite 
bank.  W.  JAGGARD,  Capt. 

SONG-BOOK  BY  TOBIAS  HUME  (12  S.  x.  31). 
— In  offering  to  purchase  this  excessively 
rare  book,  it  is  to  be  feared  Miss  Lehmuth 
aims  at  the  impossible.  No  copy  came  into 
book  auctions  for  the  last  thirty  years.  Her 
best  course  will  be  to  inquire  at  the  British 
Museum,  Bodleian,  and  at  Trinity  College, 
Cambridge,  and  if  these  three  great  collec- 
tions fail,  a  copy  may  exist  in  one  of  the 
college  libraries  at  Oxford  or  Cambridge. 

A  touch  of  humour  is  given  to  the  title  as 
printed,  by  lack  of  punctuation.  Captain 
(afterward  Colonel)  Tobias  Hume  wrote 
three  works,  all  with  long  titles.  The  first 
two,  as  described,  are  in  folio,  and  the  last  in 
quarto.  A  copy  of  the  first,  required  by  Miss 
Lehmuth,  Was  sold  in  the  Bright  sale  nearly 
a  century  ago  for  £4  12s.  Qd.,  which  indicates 
its  then  rarity.  The  titles,  abbreviated, 
run  thus  : — 

1.  « First  part  of  ayres,  Erench,  Pollish  [Polish], 
and  others  together,  some  in  tabliture,  and  some 
in  pricke-song.     With  pavines,  galliards,  and  al- 
maines  for  the  viole  de  gambo  alone,  and  other 
musicall  conceites  for  two  base  viols  expressing 
five  parts,  with  pleasant  reportes  one  from  the 
other,  and  for  two  leero  viols,  and  also  for  the 
leero  viole  with  two  treble  viols,  or  two  with  one 
treble.     .     .     .     Composed     by     Tobias     Hume, 
gentleman.     Ln  :      Printed     by    lohn     Windet, 
dwelling  at  the  signe  of  the  Crosse  Keyes  at  Powles 
Wharf  e     1605.'     Folio.     Dedicated    to     William 
Alexander,  Earl  of  Stirling. 

2.  '  Captaine  Hume's  Poeticall    musicke  prin- 
cipally made  for  two  basse-viols,  yet  so  contrived 
that  it  may  be  plaied  eight  severall  waies  upon 
sundry  instruments,  with  much  facilitie.    .    .    . 
Composed    by   Tobias    Hume,    gentleman.     Ln : 


12  S.  X.  JAN.  28,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


77 


Printed  by  lohn  Windet  1607.'  Dedicated  to 
Queen  Anne,  Consort  of  James  VI.  and  I.  (Brit. 
Museum  has  a  copy.) 

3.  '  True  petition  of  Colonel  Hume,  as  it  was 
presented  to  the  Lords  assembled  in  the  High 
Court  of  Parliament  ;  being  then  one  of  the  poore 
brethren  of  that  famous  foundation  of  Charter 
House.  Declaring  .  .  .  that  if  they  would 
employ  him  for  the  businesse  in  Ireland, 
and  let  him  have  but  six  score  or  an  hundred 
instruments  of  war,  which  he  should  give  direction 
for  to  be  made,  he  would  ruin  the  rebels,  all  within 
three  months,  or  else  lose  his  head.  Likewise,  he 
will  undertake  within  three  months,  if  their  Lord- 
ships would  give  credence  to  him,  to  bring  in  by 
sea,  being  furnished  with  a  compleat  navy,  to 
H.M.  and  the  Parliament  twenty  millions  of 
money.  Ln  :  John  Giles,  1642.'  Fcp.  4to  ;  four 
leaves  only. 

W.  JAGGABD,  Capt. 

Stratford-on-Avon. 

INDEX  ECCLESIASTICUS  (12  S.  x.  9).- — 
The  first  part  of  the  MS.  of  this  intended 
work,  1500  to  1800,  comprising  letters  A 
and  B,  together  over  14,000  names,  was  ad- 
vertised for  sale  in  E.  Menken's  Catalogue 
164,  in  November,  1905,  price  32s.  Qd. 
Presumably  the  remainder  of  this  projected 
Index  was  never  compiled. 

In  the  same  catalogue  are  a  number  of 
MS.  volumes  relating  to  Cambridge  matricu- 
lations and  graduates.  Foster  had  intended 
to  compile  a  list  of  Cambridge  alumni  in  a 
similar  style  to  his  Oxford  volumes,  but 
never  lived  to  commence  the  work.  It 
would  be  interesting  to  know  where  these 
Cambridge  MSS.  are  now  deposited. 

W.  G.  D.  FLETCHER,  F,S.A. 

Oxon  Vicarage,  Shrewsbury. 

ST.  CHRISTOPHER  AND  THE  CHRIST  CHILD 
(12  S.  ix.  371,  415,  436,  452,  536).— As  to 
MR.  W.  E.  GAWTHORPE'S  query  respecting 
the  brasses  at  Morley,  I  have  asked  the 
rector,  the  Rev.  A.  E.  R.  Bedford,  as  I 
have  not  inspected  these  brasses  lately,  and 
he  informs  me  that  the  three  representa- 
tions of  St.  Christopher  exist  (a)  on  the 
John  Stathum  brass  on  the  floor  of  the 
north  chapel  ;  (b)  on  the  tomb  of  Sir 
Thomas  Stathum  in  the  south  aisle  ;  (c)  on 
the  John  Sacheverell  memorial  on  the 
south  Wall  near  the  door.  These  are  figured 
in  the  Rev.  Samuel  Fox's  '  History  and  An- 
tiquities of  the  Church  of  St.  Matthew, 
Morley,'  Plates  xin.,  xiv.  and  xv.  The 
first  figure  is  lOin.,  the  second  8£in.,  and 
the  third  6in.  A  representation  of  the 
second  is  in  Mr.  H.  W.  Macklin's  '  The 
Brasses  of  England'  (2nd  ed.).  The  second 
third  are  not  now  in  their  original 


positions.  The  head* of  the  Child  on  the 
Sacheverell  brass  unfortunately  disappeared 
some  years  ago,  before  the  Rev.  A.  E.  R. 
Bedford's  incumbency,  otherwise  the  brasses- 
are  in  excellent  condition. 

W.    H.    QUARRELL. 

THE  TROUTBECK  PEDIGREE  (12  S.  x, 
21). — Mr.  J.  P.  Earwaker,  a  reliable  autho- 
rity, prints  in  full  the  will  of  Sir  William 
Troutbeck,  1510,  in  his  '  History  of  St. 
Mary-on-the-Hill,  Chester,'  p.  185.  Where 
it  refers  to  "  my  sons  and  daughters  "  and 
to  "  children  "  he  has  a  footnote  :• — 

This  was  a  natural  provision  to  provide  for 
any  children  hfe  then  had  or  in  case  any  children 
were  born  to  him,  but  it  is  certain  he  died  without 
surviving  issue. 

While  I  agree  that  Richard  Troutbeck 
as  father-in-law  of  John  Talbot  requires 
explaining,  the  evidence  of  the  inquisitions 
and  other  documents  are  hard  to  get  over. 
It  seems  that  in  1502/3  Sir  William  Trout- 
beck  made  a  settlement  of  his  Cheshire 
estates  which  were  to  be  held  by  Robert 
Troutbeck,  Thomas  Hough  and  William 
Frodsham  for  Sir  William  and  his  heirs 
(39th  Report  Dep.  Keeper,  pp.  264-5). 
The  inquisition  of  Dec.  17,  1512,  two  years 
after  the  death  of  Sir  William,  states  that 
Margaret,  wife  of  John  Talbot,  was  the 
kinswoman  and  heir,  namely,  daughter  of 
Adam,  brother  of  Sir  William ;  that  she 
was  aged  16  at  the  death  of  Sir  William 
(in  1510)  and  that  she  had  been  married 
to  Talbot  during  Sir  William's  life.  The 
same  year,  1512,  arrangements  were  made 
with  Margaret,  the  widow  of  Sir  William 
and  then  wife  of  Sir  William  Poole,  by 
which  she  and  her  husband  acknowledged 
the  rights  of  Margaret  Talbot  as  the  heiress, 
and  received  a  life  interest  and  an  annuity 
from  the  Cheshire  estates.  Margaret  Poole 
died  on  May  2,  1531,  when  her  husband 
was  left  with  a  son,  Thomas,  aged  17.  At 
this  date  Margaret  Talbot  is  stated  in  the 
writ  of  livery  to  have  been  aged  37  (39th 
Rep.  D.K.,  256),  which  agrees  with  the 
previous  statement  of  her  age. 

R.    STEWART-BROWN. 
Bromborough. 

THE  HOUSE  OF  HARCOURT  (12  S.  ix.  409 , 
453,  495,  514  ;  x.  15,  37).— In  reply  to  MR. 
HARCOURT-BATH,  when  I  wrote  that  Wace 
is  the  one  authority  for  the  presence  of  a 
Harcourt  at  Hastings,  I  was  not  referring 
to  modern  writers.  Of  these  Delisle  is 
undoubtedly  the  greatest  on  the  French 
side,  but  Round  pointed  out  long  ago 


78 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[12  S.  X.  JAN.  28,  1922. 


that  his  '  Dives  Roll  '•  is  by  no  means  free 
from  errors  (Monthly  Review,  June,  1901, 
pp.  97-'98).  I  do  not  know  Delisle's 
authority  for  including  Robert  de  Harcourt 
amongst  the  companions  of  the  Conqueror, 
but  it  seems  very  likely  that  he  relied  on 
Wace's  reference  to  the  Sieur  de  Harcourt, 
and  added  the  Christian  name  from  his 
own,  knowledge  of  the  pedigree,  rejecting 
the  alleged  Errand  de  Harcourt  as  im- 
aginary. 

It  is  very  probable  that  the  Anschitel  de 
Harcourt  living  in  1130  was  the  son  or 
grandson  of  a  companion  of  the  Conqueror, 
but  I  fear  it  will  be  difficult  to  discover 
the  missing  links.  In  the  article  cited 
above,  Round  showed  how  few  of  our 
oldest  families  could  bridge  the  "grievous 
gap"  of  80  years  between  1086  and  1166. 
A  genuine  male  descent  from  1130  ought 
to  satisfy  the  most  unreasonable  person. 

It  is  a  pleasure  to  learn  that  a  younger 
branch  of  the  family  still  survives,  and  I 
hasten  to  offer  my  apologies  to  the  Harcourts 
of  the  Ankerwyke  line  for  having  treated 
them  as  extinct.  As  to  MB.  CARTER'S  sug- 
gestion that  a  little  research  would  unearth 
other  cadet  lines  in  the  Midlands,  it  is  to  be 
hoped  that  he  will  be  able  to  undertake  the 
research  himself,  as  any  investigations 
carried  out  by  him  Would  command  general 
confidence.  G.  H.  WHITE. 

23,  Weighton  Road,  Anerley. 

I  should  be  much  obliged  for  any  replies 
in  elucidation  of  the  following  topographical 
enigmas : — 

1.  Which  was  the  original  town  of   Har- 
court   in    Normandy    whence    this    family 
derives  its  name  ?    There  is  one  in  the  Depart- 
ment    of     Eure,     10    miles     north-east     of 
Bernay,  and   another  in  Calvados,  15  miles 
north-west  of  Falaise.     The  latter  is  either 
prefixed  or  affixed  by  Thury,  with  a  hyphen 
connecting   it   with   Harcourt.     (Thury,    by 
the  way,  is  derived  from  the  Scandinavian 
cri   de  guerre   "  Tur  die  " — by   Thor's  aid). 
In  most  works  of  reference  it  is  stated  that  the 
Harcourt  in  the  Department  of  Eure  is  the 
original.    If  so,  it  is  probable  that  the  Hare  ourt 
in  the  Department   of  Calvados  was  named 
after  the  Harcourt  who  Was  in  possession 
at  some  subsequent  date.     The  Duchess  of 
Cleveland  ('  Battle  Abbey  Roll  Call,'  vol.  ii., 
p.    149),  however,  seems  to  think  that  the 
latter  was  the  original  lordship  which  Was 
acquired  by  Bernard  the  Dane  in  876. 

2.  Where    are    Cailleville    and   Beauficiel, 
the    lordships    of    which    Bernard    acquired 


at  the  same  time,  which  information  will 
probably  be  the  means  of  solving  the 
previous  query,  in  some  degree  ? 

3.  How  many  castles    were  in  possession 
of  the  family  in  Normandy  during  feudal 
times,  or,  say,  up  to  1450,  when  the  French 
finally     recovered     the     Duchy  ?       I    have 
indications  of  three  at  least,  viz.,  one  each 
at     Harcourt     and     Thury-Harcourt,     and 
another    at    St.-Sauveur-le-Vicomte,  in    La 
Manche,  which  was  in  possession  of  Geoffrey 
de  Harcourt,  who  was  one  of  the  Marshals 
in  the  English  Army  at  the  Battle  of  Crecy. 
I  also  believe  that  there  was  another  castle 
belonging    to   Jean    d'Harcourt,    Count    of 
Aumale,  at  Aumale,  c.   1400. 

4.  Robert    Baron    de    Harcourt,    who    is 
stated  to  have  been  present  at   the   Battle 
of   Hastings,    is   recorded   to   have   built   a 
castle  at  Harcourt  in   1100.     At  which  of 
the  two  towns   of  Harcourt   Was  this  ?     I 
presume  that  it  Was  the  one  near  Bernay 
in    the    Department    of    Eure,    which    sur- 
rendered to  Peter  de    Breze  in  1449,  when 
the   English   garrison   were    so   alarmed   at 
the  first   cannon-ball   which    went  through 
the  wall  that  they  thereupon  made  terms 
to  capitulate  within  eight  days  if  not  re- 
lieved by  Talbot. 

WILLIAM    HARCOURT-BATH. 

PHARAOH  AS  SURNAME  (12  S.  ix.  407, 
454,  537  ;  x.  15). — There  Was  a  dealer  in 
milk  at  Oxford  about  twenty  years  ago 
named  Pharaoh ;  and  much  merriment 
there  was  in  a  certain  law  court  on  a  certain 
occasion  about  "  Pharaoh's  lean  kine  "  and 
the  milk  they  produced.  FAMA. 

TAVERN  SIGNS  :  "  THE  FIVE  ALLS  "(12  S. 
ix.  145,  355..  390).— Even  if  no  "Five 
Alls "  inn  existed  in  London  the  name 
must  have  been  known  and  understood 
there,  for  Antony  Wood  records  of  1662 
('Life  of  Wood,'  ed.  A.  Clark,  Oxf.  Hist. 
Soc.,  i.  465),  that  "  This  year  such  a  saying 
come  up  in  London  "  (as  a  satire)  :— 

The  Bishops  get  all, 

The  Courtiers  spend  all, 

The  Citizens  pay  for  all, 

The  King  neglects  all, 

4nd  the  Diviils  take  all. 

FAMA. 

THE  MACCABEES  (12  S.  ix.  370,  414,  436). 

MR.   WAINEWRIGHT  inquires    who    "  Dr. 

Wells "    was,    who    wrote    on    Jewish    geo- 
graphy.  No  doubt  it  was  Dr.  Edward  Wells, 
!  whose    'Historical    Geography    of    the    Old 
and     New    Testaments'     (Lond.,     1711-18, 


I2S.X.JAN.M.WM.1        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


79 


&c.)  is  characterized  in  Bonn's  'Lowndes' 
as  "a  learned  work,  too  well  known  to 
require  commendation."  FAMA. 

ADAH  ISAACS  MENKEN'S  '  INFELICIA  ' 
(12  S.  x.  32). — In  my  copy  of  '  Artemus  Ward 
in  London,'  not  dated,  published  by  John 
Camden  Hotten,  in  Hotten' s  "  Very  im- 
portant new  books.  Special  List  for  1870," 
is  the  following — last  page  of  the  list  :• — 

'  Infelicia.  Poems  by  Adah  Isaacs  Menken- 
Illustrated  with  numerous  gracefully  pencilled 
designs  drawn  on  wood,  by  Alfred  Concanen. 
Dedicated,  by  permission  to  Charles  Dickens, 
with  photographic  facsimile  of  his  letter,  and  a 
very  beautiful  engraved  portrait  of  the  Authoress. 
In  green  and  gold,  5s.  6d.' 

Many  of  the  designs  are  signed  with  Con- 
canen's  initials. 

There  is  a  small  error  in  the  query :  "  Isaac  " 
should  be  "  Isaacs."  According  to  notes  in 
The  Referee  of  December  24,  1905,  written,  I 
think,  by  Mr.  George  R.  Sims, 
she  is  buried  in  the  Jewish  portion  of  Pere 
Lachaise,  and  on  her  tomb  are  the  words  "  Thou 
knowest."  But  she  was  not  born  a  Jewess.  Her 
maiden  name  was  Adelaide  McCord,  and  she  was  a 
native  of  New  Orleans.  Her  second  husband  was 
Isaac  Menken,  a  handsome  man,  a  devout  Jew, 
and  an  accomplished  musician.  She  adopted  his 
faith  and  put  an  "  s  "  to  his  front  name. 

ROBERT  PIEBPOINT. 

This  book  was  published  by  Hotten,  and 
much  may  be  learnt  about  it  in  Mr.  Richard 
Northcott's  brochure  published  last  year. 
But  he  does  not  give  the  name  of  the  artist 
of  the  head-  and  tail-pieces.  They  are 
nearly  all  signed  A.  C. 

DE  V.  PAYEN-PAYNE. 

"MATA  HABI'S  "  YOUTH  (12  S.  ix.  527; 
x.  34). — I  heard  it  stated  about  the  time 
of  "Mata  Hari's  "  execution  at  Vincennes, 
in  October,  1917,  that  she  was  staying  at  a 
Russian  Jewish  hotel,  near  Stepney  Green, 
during  the  winter  of  1911-12.  She  seems 
to  have  appeared  at  several  Jewish  enter- 
tainments in  East  London,  but  her  prin- 
cipal object  in  coming  to  England  was  to 
secure  a  more  remunerative  engagement  in 
the  West  End.  Like  many  natives  of 
Friesland,  she  was  by  no  means  ignorant 
of  the  English  language,  and  was  anxious 
to  appear  in  a  ballet  based  on  Shakespeare's 
'  Antony  and  Cleopatra.' 

ANDREW  DE  TERNANT. 

36,  Somerleyton  Road,  Brixton,  S.W. 

WELLINGTON  TESTIMONIAL  CLOCK  TOWER 
(12  S.  ix.  230).— I  regret  that  I  did  not  notice 
A.  H.  S.'s  query  at  the  time.  This  was 


removed  from  London  to  Swanage  by  ship 
in  1867,  after  it  had  been  pulled  down  by 
the  great  contractor,  the  late  Sir  John  Burt, 
and  given  by  him  to  his  friend  Mr.  Thomas 
Docwra,  who,  having  so  transferred  it,  re- 
erected  it  in  the  grounds  of  the  Grove, 
then  his  property.  It  stands  not  on  the 
quay  but  in  the  grounds  of  Rockleigh, 
a  part  of  the  old  Grove,  of  which  I  now 
happen  to  be  the  owner.  A.  R.  A. 

THE  ABYSSINIAN  CROSS  (12  S.  x.  9,  56). 
— The  Abyssiaian  Cross  is  of  native  design 
and  work  ;  a  base  was  designed  for  it  by 
Mr.  Micklethwaite  and  the  whole  gilt, 
and  it  used  to  stand  above  the  altar  in  the 
Lady  Chapel.  It  was  also  fitted  to  a 
pole,  in  the  way  of  many  early  crosses,  to 
be  used  in  processions. 

HAROLD  S.  ROGERS. 

"To  BURN  ONE'S  BOATS"  (12  S.  viii. 
210;  ix.  177).—!.  The  '  N.E.D.'  gives 
nothing  earlier  than  1886  (and  that  only  a 
provincial  newspaper)  for  the  metaphorical 
use  of  the  above  phrase.  Surely  there  must  be 
many  and  much  earlier  instances  ? 

2.  A  few  examples  of  the  historical  act 
are  :  Some  exiles  in  Corcyra,  427  B.C. 
(Thuc.  iii.  85);  Agathocles  in  Africa  ;  10  B.C. 
(Diod.  Sic.  xx.  7) ;  the  Emperor  Julian, 
on  the  Tigris,  A.D.  363  (Amm.  Marc.  24,  7, 
§  3  ;  c/.  Gibbon,  cap.  xxiv.)  ;  Cortes  in  1519, 
at  Cempoalla  (Prescott,  Mexico,  ii.,  chap.  8). 
The  Athenians  at  Syracuse  had  intended  to 
do  it  (from  a  different  motive,  Thuc.  vii. 
60,  74). 

Brewer's    '  Phrase    and    Fable  '    vaguely 
i  attributes   the  act  to   "  Julius    Caesar    and 
other  generals,"  with  no  references. 

H.  K.  ST.  J.  S. 

AUTHOR'S  NAME  WANTED  (12  S.  x.  34). — 
'  Two  Months  in  the  Confederate  States,  in- 
cluding a  Visit  to  New  Orleans,'  was  published 
in  April,  1863  (not  1883  as  stated  by  MR.  ABBATT). 
The  author  of  the  work  was  a  Mr.  Corsom  or 
Corson.  The  writer's  sympathies  were  with  the 
South.  B.  B. 


on 

The  Old  Deeside  Road.    By  G.  M.  Fraser.    (Aber- 
deen University  Press.) 

MR.  FRASER  is  to  be  congratulated  on  a  most 
useful  piece  of  work  in  his  monograph  on  the 
Old  Deeside  Road.  He  states  in  the  opening 
chapter  that  he  would  sooner  write  the  history 
of  a  nation  than  the  history  of  a  road,  a  state- 
ment that  is  at  first  surprising,  but  less  so  when 
it  is  "realized  how  little  reliance  is  to  be  placed 
on  many  of  the  older  maps  and  plans,  and  how 
much  depends  on  personal  research.  The  best, 


80 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [12  s.x.  JAN.  28,1922. 


in  fact  the  only  trustworthy,  method  is  to  go 
over  the  road  yard  by  yard,  with  a  camera  if 
possible,  and  to  spare  no  pains  in  eliciting  in- 
formation from  local  inhabitants.  It  is  a  laborious 
task  ;  for  in  this  case  the  road  is  near  60  miles 
in  length,  though  a  mile  or  two  shorter  than  the 
road  which  has  displaced  it,  and  it  has  taken  the 
author  rather  more  than  five  years  to  accomplish. 
But  the  result  is  worth  the  pains  spent  in  the 
achievement,  and  Mr.  Fraser  is  able  to  place 
before  the  reader  a  wealth  of  interesting  in- 
formation. 

Roads  with  their  bearing  on  local  trading 
and  history  have  been  sadly  neglected  by 
antiquaries.  Local  historians  and  readers  in 
general  are  apt  to  look  on  a  road  as  a  fait  accompli 
and  tc  inquire  no  further  into  its  history.  But 
diligent  research  would  reveal  many  points  of 
interest  in  development,  and  could  not  fail  in 
many  cases  to  throw  a  fresh  light  on  problems 
of  local  industries.  In  a  different  way  illustrated 
monographs  on  main  roads  would  prove  a  boon 
to  many  who  use  them.  What,  in  fact,  would  be 
more  interesting  than  an  illustrated  and  ex- 
panded Paterson  ?  Many  of  the  early  railway 
guides  were  designed  to  fill  this  want,  but  the 
idea  was  not  developed. 

The  book,  which  is  one  of  the  publications  of 
the  Aberdeen  Natural  History  and  Antiquarian 
Society,  is  a  worthy  product  of  the  University 
Press.  The  photographs,  all  of  which  are  well 
chosen  and  some  beautiful,  are  a  feature  of  the 
book.  Altogether  it  is  a  satisfactory  undertaking 
and  reflects  credit  on  author  and  publisher  alike. 

Selected  Polish  Tales.     Translated  by  Else  C.  M. 

Benecke  and  Marie  Busch.  (Clarendon  Press.) 
THIS  little  volume,  which  belongs  to  that  de- 
lightful series  the  World's  Classics,  should  not 
be  missed  by  those  who  are  interested  in  the 
literature  of  Eastern  Europe.  It  is  true  that 
some  members  of  this  selection  demand  a  certain 
stretch  of  the  word  "  classic  "  in  order  to  be 
included.  By  the  standard  which  admits  '  P.P.C.,' 
nearly  all  the  stories  in,  say,  The  Cornhill 
Magazine  must  be  counted  classics,  and  a  good 
proportion  of  them  even  super-classics.  The 
principal  tale  is  '  The  Outpost,'  by  Aleksander 
Glowacki,  a  writer  whom  his  country  deservedly 
admires.  Like  all  in  this  collection  it  is  a 
"  realistic  "  study  ;  that  is  to  say,  it  deals  with 
people  whose  consciousness  is  entirely  filled  by 
the  most  elementary  physical  necessities  ;  whose 
relations  with  their  fellows  are  thereby  made 
almost  unmitigatedly  harsh,  and  who  are  nearly 
as  defenceless  as  an  animal  against  trouble  or 
oppression  of  any  kind.  Pity,  terror  and  disgust 
— especially  pity — are  evoked  in  all  that  poig- 
nancy which  the  Slavonic  artist  so  well  knows 
the  secret  of,  and  which  more  easily  than  any 
other  effect  wins  for  him  the  praise  of  power. 

The  translation  is  of  somewhat  uneven  merit. 

The  Complete  Works  of  Sir  Philip  Sidney.     Vol.  ii. 

Edited     by     Albert     Feuillerat.     (Cambridge 

University  Press,  12s.  6d.  net.) 
STUDENTS  of  Elizabethan  literature  will  welcome 
this  fresh  instalment  of  the  three-volume  edition 
of  the  complete  works  of  Sir  Philip  Sidney  which 
Professor  Albert  Feuillerat  is  bringing  out  with 
the  Cambridge  University  Press.  It  contains  the 


last  part  of  the  '  Arcadia,'  all  the  poems,  and  the 
masque  of  the  '  Lady  of  May.'  The  text  is  that  of 
the  earliest  edition — with  the  exception  only  of 
the  '  Two  Pastorals  ' — and  is  given  without  any 
alterations  whether  of  spelling  or  punctuation. 
Later  editions  alter  words  and  in  several  poems 
insert  new  matter.  Particulars  of  these  will  be 
found  in  the  notes,  as  will  be  also  the  prefaces  and 
other  introductory  matter  to  this  part  of  the 
'  Arcadia  '  and  to  '  Astrophel  and  Stella.' 

Sir  Philip  Sidney's  verse  (except  for  two  or  three 
familiar  sonnets  and  a  few  fine  phrases)  can  hardly 
be  said  to  make  any  instant,  straightforward 
appeal  to  a  lover  of  poetry.  The  first  impression 
it  produces  is  one  of  mingled  intricacy  and  flat- 
ness ;  the  second,  upon  perseverance  in  reading 
him,  is  somewhat  happier.  Anyone  who,  whether 
from  predilection  or  from  some  external  motive, 
intends  to  make  a  thorough  study  of  him,  will  do 
well  to  possess  himself  of  this  delightful  edition. 

The  Elizabethans   and  the   Empire.       By   A.    F. 

Pollard.     (Humphrey  Milford,  for  the  British 

Academy,  Is.  6d.  net.) 

THE  debt  of  the  British  Empire  to  the  Eliza- 
bethans is  real  and  of  the  first  importance,  but  its 
exact  nature  has  been  somewhat  obscured  by  the 
failure,  during  the  Queen's  reign,  to  acquire  terri- 
tory beyond  the  borders  of  England.  Professor 
Pollard,  in  the  Raleigh  lecture,  shows  how  the 
position  and  policy  of  the  Queen,  the  temper  of  the 
nation,  and  the  relations  between  England  and  the 
rest  of  Europe  determined  this  apparent  failure. 
The  Elizabethan  contribution  to  the  Empire  is  to 
be  seen  in  the  kindling  of  the  spirit  of  adventure, 
especially  of  a  love  of  the  sea  ;  in  the  discovery  of 
the  true  significance  of  ships  ;  and  again,  in  the 
growth  of  that  sense  of  national  independence, 
confronting  the  Papacy  on  the  one  hand  and  the 
Holy  Roman  Empire  on  the  other,  which  consti- 
tuted the  first  "  imperialism."  The  lecture,  given 
to  us  here  in  the  form  of  a  brochure,  ranks  high 
among  its  author's  minor  works. 


CORRIGENDA. 

At  ante,  p.  1,  col.  1,  for  "11  S.  xi.  10,"  read 
11  S.  vii.  1;  at  p.  2  (in  pedigree),  for  "  Rebecca 
Shave"  read  Rebecca  Shawe;  and  at  p.  3,  col.  1, 
1.  11,  for  "  Leeds  "  read  Wakefield. 


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81 


LONDON,  FEBRUARY  4.  1922. 


CONTENTS.— No.   199. 

NOTES  : — Commonwealth  Marriages  and  Burials  in  the 
Aldeburgh  Register  Book.  81— Massinger  and  Dekker  s  '  The 
Virgin  Martyr,'  83 — Glass-painters  of  York  :  John  de  Burgh 
88 — Oxfordshire  Masons — Yorkshire  Land  Terms  :  "  On 
stand."  "  Gairns."  89— A  Tudor  Fireplace  at  St.  Albans.  90 

QUERIES :— Evelyn  Queries.  90— Eighteenth-century  Poetry- 
Arab  (or  Eastern)  Horses.  91— The  Papal  Triple  Crown- 
Comic  Natural  History — Hartgill  Baron,  92 — Mrs.  Holt : 
'  Isoult  Barry  of  Wynscote  ' — Two  Naval  Pictures  by  Serres — 
Derivation  of  Chinkwell— Moon  Folk-lore  :  Hair-cutting,  93 
—Quotations  in  '  The  Tatler '— '  De  Imitatione  Christi '  : 
Echoes  of  Virgil— Holborn,  Middle  Row— Sarah  Siddons 
Theatre,  Lynn— James  A dair.  Historian— Samuel  Maunder — 
Zachary  Taylor — Oakeley — "  Kangaroo  Cook  " — Ewen  : 
Coat  of  Arms— William  Harbord — Author  wanted,  94. 

REPLIES  :— Judith  Cowper  :  Mrs.  Madan— "  Anglica  [or 
Rustica]  gens."  &c. — '  N.E.D.'  Dinner — Dalstons  of  Acorn- 
bank,  95—"  The  Running  Horse,"  Piccadilly—"  Time  with 
a  gift  of  tears  "—Land  Measurement  Terms — "  The  Swan 
Tavern."  Chelsea.  96— Freedom  of  a  City— Adah  Isaacs 
Menken's  '  Infelicia  ' — The  Troutbeck  Pedigree,  97 — Sir 
Thomas  Dingley — The  House  of  Harcourt,  98— Beauchamp  : 
Moseley :  Woodham— '  The  Ingoldsby  Legends  ' — Erghum— 
Authors  wanted,  99. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :— '  Prints  of  British  Military  Operations.' 
Notices  to  Correspondents. 


COMMONWEALTH    MARRIAGES     AND 
BURIALS   IN   THE  ALDEBURGH 

REGISTER  BOOK. 

IN  the  '  Report  of  Manuscripts  in  Various 
Collections,'  vol.  iv.  (Hist.  MSS.  Com.),  1907, 
under  '  Records  of  the  Corporation  of 
Aldeburgh,  in  the  County  of  Suffolk,'  and 
referring  to  the  "  Chamberlains'  Account  - 
books,"'  occurs  the  following  :  — 

V.  Folio  volume,  in  parchment  cover,  marked 
F;  leaves  not  numbered  1666-1687.  On  the 
first  page  are  notes  of  the  accounts  for  1656,  and 
at  the  end  of  the  volume  (reversed)  is  a  very 
important  Marriage  Register  for  the  years  1653- 
1656,  kept  by  Henry  Searle,  M.A.,  the  Minister, 
who  was  chosen  Parish  Registrar  by  vote  of  the 
inhabitants.  "  Births  and  Baptizings  and  Burialls  " 
are  also  noted  as  being  entered,  but  they  are  not 
contained  in  this  volume. 

On  going  carefully  through  this  volume, 
however,  I  found  the  "  Burialls,"  but  the 
"  Baptizings  "  are  certainly  missing  ;  and 
on  counting  the  leaves  where  p.  308  should 
appear,  there  is  evidence  that  the"  pages 


containing  these  entries  have  been  removed. 
These  Marriages  and  Burials  are  particularly 
valuable  as  being  the  only  dates  known  in 
the  middle  of  the  seventeenth  century. 
The  Church  Register  containing  the  Baptisms, 
Marriages  and  Burials  from  1600  to  nearly 
1700  has  been  lost,  and  no  Bishop's  tran- 
script is  known.  A  query  inserted  many 
years  ago  in  '  N.  &  Q.1  as  to  its  fate  pro- 
duced no  information. 


The   Register-Booke    of    the    towne    of 

Aldeburgh  in  the  County  of  Suffolk  ;  in 

w0*1  the  Marriages,  Births,  Baptizemys, 

and  Burialls  of  people  from 

the  29^  day  of  September 

Anno  Domini  1653  ; 

are  ingrossed 

i  Marriages       ^  (  pag :  1 

J  Births  &          L  See  ) 

•bor    )  Baptizemys     (  jpag:     154,*  308 

(  Burialls    "  f  pag  :  308,*  154 

Memorandum,    that    upon   the   25th  day   of 
October  1653,   Mr  Henry  Searle   Master 
of   Arts   and  minister  of   the   Gospell  of 

Jesus  Christ,  was  chosen  Parish- 
Register  by  the  vote  of  the  Inhabitants  of 
this  towne  of  Aldeburgh,  according  to  an 
Act  of  Parliament  on  that  behalfe  :    And 

that  the  sayd  Mr  Henry  Searle  was 
then  alsoe  sworne  and  approoved  by 
a  Justice  of  Peace  of  this  Cor- 
poration ;    Witnes  his  Hand 
"»      hereunto  subscribed. 

Jo  :  BURWOOD 
MARRIAGES  1653. 

PINNE  &  The  purpose  of  marriage  between 
CHENEY  Mr.  John  Pin  of  Walderswick,  & 
Joan  Cheney  of  Aldeburgh  both 
single  persons  was  published  on  the  thirty th 
day  of  October,  as  alsoe  on  the  Sixth  and  on  the 
thirteenth  days  of  November  1653,  together 
with  the  Names  of  their  respective  parents  then 
alive ;  viz.,  Mrs  Bethia  Pin  of  Walderswick 
aforesayd  widdow  Mother  to  the  sayd  John  Pin  ; 
Mr  Thomas  Cheney  of  Aldeburgh  aforesayd  and 
Mary  Cheney  his  wife,  parents  to  the  sayd  Joan 
Cheney.  And  the  sayd  John  Pin  and  Joan 
Cheney  were  marryed  on  the  fifteenth  day  of 
November  by  one  of  the  Justices  of  Peace  of 
this  Corporation  Wittnes  his  name  here  under- 
written. 


Wi  THOMPSON 


)  Reg. 


HIGGINS  &     The  purpose  of  marriage  between 

JOHNSON       John     Higgins      Batchelor,      and 

Anne    Johnson    mayden    both    of 

this  parish,  was  published  on  the  sixth,  thirteenth, 

and  twenty'th  days  of  November  1653  ;    together 

*  Altered  to  the  following  number. 


82 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[12S.  X.  FEB.  4,  1922. 


with  the  Name  of  Robert  Johnson  the  elder  of  this 
parish  alsoe,  father  to  the  above  named  Anne 
Johnson.  And  the  sayd  John  Higgins  and  Anne 
Johnson  were  marryed  on  the  two  &  twenty 'th 
day  of  November  by  one  of  the  Justices  of  Peace 
of  this  corporation  :  Wittnes  his  Name  hereunto 
subscribed 

THO  :    ELLIOTT,   eademq  tester  HEN  : 
SEABLE  Registr. 

HUNT  &     The    purpose    of    marriage   between 

BUNDISH     Blowers    Hunt    Bachelr    and    Anne 

Bundish     mayden     was      published 

on  the  sixth,  thirteenth,  and  twenty'th  days  of 

November  1653  (they  had  noe  parents,  guardians 

or   over  seers  then  alive)   And  the  sayd  Blowers 

Hunt    &    Anne    Bundish    were    marryed    on   the 

sixth   day  of   December  by  one  of  the   Justices 

of  Peace  of  this  Corporation.      Wittnes  his  hand 

hereunto  subscribed 

Jo  BUBWOOD.  eademq  tester  HEN  : 
SEABLE  Registr. 

POPE  &       The  purpose  of  marriage  betweene 

VALLANCE     Thomas  Pope   Batchelr  and  Susan 

Vallance     Widdow    both    of    this 

parish  was  published  on  the  seaven  &  twenty'th 

day  of  Novber     and  on  the  fourth,  &  eleventh  days 

of  December  1653.     And  the  sayd  Thomas  Pope 

&  Susan  Vallance  were  marryed  on  the  thirteenth 

day  of  December  by  one  of  the  Justices  of  Peace 

of  this  Corporation ; 

Wittnes  his  hand  hereunto  subscribed 

Jo  BUBWOOD.  eademq  tester  HEN  : 
SEABLE  Reg. 

MILES  &  The  purpose  of  marriage  betweene 
WiLLiAns  Samuel  Miles  of  Southold  in 
Suffolk  widdowcr,  and  Mary 
Williams  of  Aldeburgh  widdow,  was  published 
on  the  twenty'th  &  seven  and  twenty'th  days  of 
November  ;  and  on  the  fourth  day  of  December 
1653 :  And  the  sayd  Samuel  Miles  &  Mary 
WiHiams  were  marryed  on  the  thirteenth  day  of 
December  by  one  of  the  Justices  of  Peace  of  this 
Corporation,  wittnes  his  hand  hereunto  sub- 
scribed. 

Jo  BUBWOOD. 

DANIEL  &  The  purpose  of  marriage  betweene 
HABTLEY  Peter  Daniel  widdower,  and 
Katherine  Hartly  mayden  both 
of  this  parish,  was  published  on  the  13th,  20th,  & 
27th  days  of  November  1653 ;  nee  parents, 
guardians,  or  overseers  being  now  alive  to  either 
of  them.  And  the  sayd  Peter  Daniel  &  Katherine 
Hartly  were  marryed  on  the  fourteenth  day  of 
December  by  one  of  the  Justices  of  Peace  of  this 
Corporation,  wittnes  his  name  hereunto  sub- 
scribed 

WILL  :  SHIPMAN,  eaderaq  testor  HEN  : 
SEABLE  Registrarius 

BUBWOOD     The  purpose  of  marriage  betweene 

&  Ralph     Burwood     widdower     and 

GENTBY       Jane   Gentry   widdow  both  of  this 

parish,  was  published  on  the    4th, 

llth,    &    18th   days   of    December;   &    the    sayd 

Ralph  and  Jane  were  marryed  on  the  twenty'th 

day  of  the  same  month  by  one  of  the  Justices  of 

Peace    of    this   Corporation ;     wittnes    his    rame 

hereunto  subscribed. 

WILL  :  SHIPMAN    eadmq  testor    HEN  : 
SEABLE  Registr. 


MARRIAGES   1653. 

BOYSE  &  The  purpose  of  marriage  between 
YAXLEY  William  Boyse  singleman  and 
Anne  Yaxley  singlewoman  both 
of  this  parish,  was  published  on  the  4th,  llth, 
&  18th  days  of  December  1653,  together  with 
the  Names  of  Robert  Boyse  and  Elizabeth  his 
wife  parents  to  the  sayd  William  ;  she  the  sayd 
Anne  haveing  neither  parent,  guardian,  nor 
overseer  now  alive.  And  the  aforesayd  William 
Boyse  and  Anne  Yaxley  were  marryed  upon  the 
sixe  &  twenty'th  day  of  December,  by  one  of 
the  Justices  of  Peace  of  this  Corporation  ;  wittnes 
his  Name  hereunto  subscribed. 

THO  :  ELLIOTT,  eademq  testor  HEN  : 
SEABLE  Reg. 

HAYLE  &     The  purpose    of   marriage  between 
WAITS        Thomas     Hayle      widdower,      and 
Ailce  Waits  singlewoman    both    of 
this    parish,    was    published    on    the     llth,    18th, 
&  25th   days   of   December  1653.    And   the   sayd 
Thomas   Hayle   and   Ailce   Waits   were   marryed 
upon  the   seaven  &  twenty'th  day  of  the  same 
month  by  one  of  the  Justices  of  Peace  of  this 
Corporation ;     witnes    his    hand    hereunto    sub- 
scribed. 

ALEX  :  BENCE 

HABVEY  &  The  purpose  of  marriage  between 
STEWABD  Francis  Harvey  singleman  & 
Susan  Steward  singlewoman 
both  of  this  parish,  was  published  on  the  18th 
&  25th  days  of  December,  &  on  the  first  day 
of  January  1653  ;  together  with  the  names  of 
Jane  Robson  wife  to  Thomas  Robspn  of  Aide- 
burgh,  mother  to  the  sayd  Francis  Harvey ; 
and  Walter  Steward  of  Saxmundham,  Father 
to  the  sayd  Susan  Steward.  And  the  above 
named  Francis  Harvey  and  Susan  Steward  were 
marryed  upon  the  third  day  of  the  month  of 
January  aforesayd  by  one  of  the  Justices  of 
Peace  of  this  Corporation,  Witnes  his  Hand 
hereunto  subscribed 

THO  :  ELLIOTT,  eademq  testor  HEN  : 
SEABLE  Registrar 

RICHABDSON  &     The     purpose     of      marriage 

RYOTT  betweene     John     Richardson 

singleman,    &     Mary     Ryott 

singlewoman  both  of  this  parish  was  published 
on  the  1st,  8th,  &  15th  days  of  January ; 
together  with  the  name  and  sirname  of  Mary 
Ryott  of  Aldeburgh  widdow  mother  to  the  sayd 
Mary  Ryott  above  mentioned.  And  the  fore- 
named  John  &  Mary  were  marryed  upon  the 
seaventeenth  day  of  January  by  Mr  John 
Burwood  Justice  of  Peace  in  this  Corporation. 
Ita  testatur  HEN  :  SEABLE  Regist. 

LANGHAM  The  purpose  of  marriage  betweene 
&  GBIMEB  John  Langham  singleman  & 
Agnes  Grimmer  singlewoman  both 
of  this  parish,  was  published  on  the  25th  day 
of  December,  &  on  the  1st,  and  8th  days  of 
Janvary  1653,  together  with  the  name  &  sir- 
name  of  Thomas  Langham  of  Southhold  father 
to  the  sayd  John.  And  the  forenamed  John  and 
Agnes  were  marryed  upon  the  sixe  &  twentyeth 
day  of  January  by  Mr  John  Burwood  Justice 
of  Peace  of  this  Corporation. 

Ita  testor  H.  SEABLE  Registrarius. 


li>  S.  X.  FEI;.  1.  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


83 


BOTTRICK  «fc     The    purpose     of    marriage   be- 
RUSSELLS       tweene        Francis     Bottrick     & 
Anne      Russells      both      single 
persons  and  of  this  parish  was  published  on  the 
8th,  15th,  &    22th   days    of    January    1653.     And 
the  sayd  Francis  &  Anne  were  marryed  on  the 
three   and    twentyth    of    January   by    Mr    John 
Burwood  Justice  of  Peace  in  this  Corporation 
Ita  testor  H.  SEABLE  Regist 

FAUSTER  &  The  purpose  of  marriage  be- 
COSSEY  tweene  William  Fauster  the 
younger  singleman,  and  Anne 
Cossey  singlewoman  both  of  Aldeburgh,  was 
published  on  three  severall  Lords  days,  viz  on 
the  8th,  15th,  &  22th  days  of  Janvary  1653; 
together  with  the  Names  of  William  Fauster 
the  Elder  and  Anne  Fauster  his  wife  parents 
to  the  sayd  Will  :  Fauster  the  younger.  And 
the  forenamed  William  Fauster  the  younger  and 
Anne  Cossey  were  marryed  upon  the  fourr  & 
twenty'th  day  of  Janvary  by  Mr  John  Burwood 
Justice  of  Peace  of  this  Corporation 

Ita  testor  H  SEARLE  Registrarius 


WOOLLAFER  & 

OLLAFER 


The  purpose  of  marriage 
betweene  Robert  Woollafer  of 
this  parish  widdower,  and 
Cisly  Ollafer  of  Thorpe  widdow,  was  published 
on  three  severall  Lords  days,  viz  on  the  15th, 
22th,  29th  days  of  Janvary  1653  ;  And  the  said 
Robert  &  Cisly  were  marryed  upon  the  thirtyeth 
day  of  Janvary  by  Mr  John  Burwood  Justice 
of  Peace  of  this  Corporation 

Ita  testor  H  SEARLE  Registr 

ROBSOK  &     The      purpose     of     marriage    be- 
PORTER       tweene      Richard      Robson     wid- 
dower     and      Elizabeth      Porter 
widdow,  both  of  this  parish,   was  published   on 
three  severall  Lords  days,  viz  on  the  15th,  22th, 
&  29th    days    of    January    1653  :    And    the  sayd 
Richard  &  Elizabeth  were  marryed  on  the  thirtyeth 
day  of  January  by  Mr  William  Shipman  Justice 
of  Peace  in  this  Corporation 

Ita  testor  H  SEARLE  Registr 

CATMER  &  The  purpose  of  marriage  be- 
PEIRSE  tween  Robert  Catmer,  single- 
man &  Ailce  Peirse  single- 
woman  both  of  this  parish,  was  published  on  j 
three  severall  Lords  days  viz  on  the  15th  22th,  & 
29th  days  of  January  1653  :  and  also  the  name 
&,  sirname  of  Robert  Catmer  the  elder  living  in 
this  parish,  who  is  Father  to  the  sayd  Robert 
Catmer  before  mentioned  :  and  the  sayd  Robert 
and  Ailce  were  marryed  on  the  one  &  thirty'th 
day  of  January  by  Mr  John  Burwood  Justice  of 
Peace  of  this  Corporation. 

Ita  testor  H.  SEARLE  Regist 

MUNSON  &     The     purpose     of     marriage     be- 
SMITH.         tweene      Robert      Munson      wid- 
dower   and    Frances    Smith    sin- 
glewoman, both  of  this  parish,  was  published  on 
three   severall    Lords   days,   viz   on  the    29th    of 
January,  &  the  5th  &  12th  days  of  February  1653 
And  the  sayd   Robert   &  Frances  were  rnarryed 
on  the  thirteenth  day  of   February  by  Mr  Will  : 
Shipman   one   of   the   Justices    of   Peace   of   this 
Corporation. 

Ita  testor  H  SEARLE  Regist 


PEACHE  &     The     purpose     of      marriage     be- 
RYOTT.         tweene      William      Peache      wid- 
dower and    Mary    Ryott    widdovv 
both    of    this    parish,    was    published    on    three 
severall  Lords  days,  viz  on  the  5th,  12th,  19th  days 
of  February  1653.     And  the  sayd  William  Peach*/ 
&  Mary  Ryott  were  marryed  on  the  28th  day  of 
February    by    Mr    William    Shipman    Justice    o€ 
Peace  of  this  Corporation. 

Ita  testor  H  SEARLE  Registrarius 

MEDDOWS  &     The    purpose     of    marriage     be- 

BLAKY  tween     Thomas      Meddows     of 

Aldeburgh        widdower,        and 

Blanch  Blaky  of  Melton  in  the  County  of  Suffolke 

singlewoman,    was    published    on    three    severall 

Lords   days   viz   on  the    5th    12th    19th    days    of 

February    1653,    (as   also   the   Name    &   Sirname 

of  Blanch  Blaky's   mother  yet  alive)     And  the 

sayd   Thomas    &   Blanch   were   marryed    on  the 

twenty    eighth    day    of    February    at  *    by 

Mr    William    Goodwin    one    of    the    Justices    of 
Peace  for  the  County  of  Suffolke 

STYLES  &     The     purpose      of    marriage     be- 
IRELAND      tween      Alexander       Styles     wid- 
dower       of       this      parish,      and 
Frances  Ireland    of    Benhall    in    the    county    of 
Suffolke  singlewoman,  was  published  on  the  12th, 
19th  &  26th  days  of  February  1653  :  And  the  sayd 
Alexander  &  Frances  were  marryed  on  the  28th 
day   of  Febru  :  at   Layston  in   Suff  by  one   Mr 
Lockington  (as  they  say,)  minister  of  the  gospell  but 
unfixed 

1653.   1654 

BROWNE  &     The      purpose    of     marriage  be- 

BERT  1653.     tween     John     Browne   widdower 

and  Mary  Bert    widdow  both  of 

this  parish,  was  published  on  three  severall  Lords 

days  viz  on  the  19th  26th  days  of    February,  and 

on  the   5th  day  of   March   1653.     And  the  sayd 

John  &  Mary  were  marryed  on  the   12th   day  of 

March  by  Mr  William  Shipman    Justice  of  Peace 

of  this  Corporation 

Ita  testor  H  SEARLE  Registrarius 
ARTHUR    T.    WlNN. 


(To  be  continued.) 


THE 


It    is    Mas- 


MASSINGER   AND   DEKKER'S 
VIRGIN  MARTYR.' 

(See  12  S.  x.  61.) 
Act  III.,  scene  i. 
THIS    scene   is   all    in  metre, 
singer's.     The    following    parallels    may    be 
noted  : — 

1.  Thcophilus :      The    mandrake's    shrieks,    th? 

basilisk's  killing  eye, 

The  dreadful  lightning  that  does  crush  the  bones 
And  never  singe  the  skin,  shall  not  appear 
Less  fatal  to  her  than  my  zeal,  &c. 
The  mere  reference  to  the  shrieking  of  the 
mandrake  and  the  deadly  eye  of  the  basilisk 
proves    nothing,    for    such    allusions    were 
at    this    time    common.     But    the    general 


*  Blank. 


84 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[12  S.  X.  FEB.  4,  1922. 


resemblance  between  this  passage  and 
the  following  (where  they  are  again  asso- 
ciated together  and  catalogued  amongst  the 
objects  most  fatal  to  mankind)  is  striking  : — 

The  mandrake's  shrieks,  the  aspic's  deadly  tooth, 
The  tears  of  crocodiles,  or  the  basilisk's  eye 
Kill  not  so  soon,  nor  with  that  violence 
As  he  who,  &c. 

('  Believe  as  You  List ;  III.  iii.) 

2.  Calista  :  Our  amity  increasing  with  our  years. 

Compare  : — 
My  fondness  still  increasing  with  my  years. 

-,'  Great  Duke  of  Florence,'  V.  iii.) 
Her  excellence  increasing  with  her  years,  too. 

('  Duke  of  Milan,'  IV.  iii.) 

3.  Dorothea  :    Knows  every  trick  and  labyrinth 
of  desires 

That  are  immodest. 

Compare : — 

.    .    .   since  I  wander'd 
In  the  forbidden  labyrinth  of  lust. 

('  Fatal  Dowry,'  IV.  iy.) 
To  guide  me  through  the  labyrinth  of  wild  passions. 

('  Great  Duke  of  Florence,'  II.  i.) 
...   of  approved  cunning 
In  all  the  windings  of  lust's  labyrinth. 

('  The  Picture,'  II.  ii.) 
.    .    .   wander  in  the  wild  maze  of  desire. 

('  Bondman,'  II.  i.) 

4.  Dorothea  :    Or  pleasures  that  do  leave  sharp 
stings  behind  them. 

Compare  : — 

Such  embraces 
As  leave  no  sting  behind  them. 

('  Parliament  of  Love,'  III.  ii.) 

Such  delights 
As  leave  no  sting  behind  them. 

('  The  Guardian,'  II.  iii.) 

There  are  plenty  of  other  marks  of 
Massinger's  vocabulary,  such  as  the  use  of 
the  word  "  apostata,"  "  at  the  height " 
{Your  pride  being  at  the  height ")  and 
"  registered "  ("to  be  hereafter  registered 
as  a  goddess  "),  all  of  which  are  constantly 
met  with  in  his  plays. 

Scene  ii. 

This  scene  (all  in  metre)  is  also  Mas- 
singer's.  Note,  almost  at  the  beginning  : — 

1.  (A  shout  within  :  loud  music. 
A  rtemia  :   What  means  this  shout  ? 

Sapritius  :    'Tis  seconded  with  music. 

Compare : — 

(Shouts  within  :  then  a  flourish  of  trumpets. 
Cleon  :    What  shout's  this  ? 
Diphilus  :     'Tis  seconded  with  loud  music. 

('  Bondman,'  I.  iii.) 

2.  Theophilus  :  I  am  ravished 
With  the  excess  of  joy. 

Compare : — 

.    .    .    oh,  I  a,m  overwhelmed 
With  an  excess  of  joy. 

('  Bashful  Lover,'  III.  iii.) 


Impute  it   ...   to  the  excess 
Of  joy  that  overwhelm'd  me. 

(' Picture,' III.  ii.) 

3.  Theopldlus :    .»  .    .    as  my  feet  were  rooted 
hero,  I  find 

1  .have  no  motion. 

Compare  : — 

Stephana  :   How  the  Duke  stands  ! 
Tiberio  :  As  he  were  rooted  there, 

And  had  no  motion. 

('  Duke  of  Milan,'  III.  iii.) 
he  stands 
As  if  he  wanted  motion. 

(76 id.,  IV.  iii.) 
You  stand,  madam, 
!  As  you  were  rooted. 

('  Guardian,'  I.  i.) 
.    .    .    yet  you  stand 
As  you  were  rooted. 

('  Bondman,'  V.  iii.) 

4.  Theophilus  :  Do  not  blow 
The  furnace  of  a  wrath  thrice  hot  already. 

I  This  is  akin  to  "  pouring  oil  on  a  fire  burning 
already  at  the  height "  (see  Act  I.,  sc.  i.) 
and  is  used  by  Massinger  even  more  fre- 
quently. '  Three  examples  will  suffice  : — 

'Tis  far 

From  me,  sir,  to  add  fuel  to  your  anger, 
That,  in  your  ill  opinion  of  him,  burns 
Too  hot  already. 

('  Maid  of  Honour,'  II.  i.) 
Do  not  fan 
A  fire  that  burns  already  too  hot  in  me. 

('  Guardian,'  II.  ii.) 
That  will  bring  fuel 

To  the  jealous  fires  which  burn  too  hot  already 
In  Lord  Leosthenes. 

('  Bondman,'  V.  i.) 

5.  Artcmia :     We    are   not   so    near    reconciled 
unto  thee  ; 

|  Thou  shalt  not  perish  such  an  easy  way. 

Compare  : — 

Who  is  not  so  far  reconciled  unto  us 
As  in  one  death  to  give  a  period 
To  our  calamities. 

('  Maid  of  Honour1, '  II.  iv.) 
What  will  you  do  ? 

.    .    .    Not  kill  thee,  do  not  hope  it :   I  am  not 
So  near  to  reconcilement. 

('  Guardian,'  III.  vi.) 

Scene    iii. 

This  scene  presents  no  difficulty.  It  con- 
sists chiefly  of  prose  dialogue  between  Hircius 
and  Spungius.  There  is  one  speech  of  Angelo's 
in  metre,  and,  after  his  departure,  Harpax 
enters  speaking  in  metre,  while  Hircius  and 
Spungius  continue  to  speak  in  prose.  Both 
prose  and  verse  are  clearly  Dekker's.  The 
prose  contains  Dekker's  hard- worked  punning 
allusions  to  shoes  and  cobblers  ("  set  many 
a  woman  upright,"  "  trod'st  thy  shoe  awry," 
"  taking  the  length  of  my  foot,"  &c.),  and 
to  "  catchpoles,"  i.e.,  sheriff's  officers,  another 


12  S.  X.  FEB.  4,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


85 


pet  topic  of  his.     The  appearance  of  one   of 
the  most  characteristic  of  his  verbs — amble —  | 
Hircius :     .    .    .    mine     eyes    .    .    .    cry     aloud, 
and  curse  my  feet  for  not  ambling  up  and  down  to 
feed  colon. 

is  another  significant  mark,  as  also  the  ob- 
servation of  Harpax  : — 

...    now  that  you  see 
The  bonfire  of  your  lady's  state  burnt  out. 
But  though  the  whole  scene  is  as  unmis- 
takably Dekker's  as  any  in  the  play,  it  is,  of 
course,   quite  possible  that  Massinger  may 
have  added  or  altered  a  word  here  and  there. 
This  seems,  indeed,  to  have  happened  in  the 
very  speech  of  Hircius  from  which  I  have 
just   quoted.     I   do   not   recognize  the   ex- 
pression "to  feed  colon"  (  =  to  satisfy  my 
hunger)    as    Dekker's.     It    is    very    likely 
Massinger' s.     Compare  : — 
But  how  shall  I  do,  to  satisfy  colon. 

('  Unnatural  Combat,'  I.  i.) 
Having  no  meat  to  pacify  colon. 

('  Picture,'  II.  i.) 

Act  IV.,  scene  i. 

This  scene  (hitherto  attributed  entirely  to 
Dekker)  shows  clear  signs  of  Massinger' s 
collaboration.  In  fact,  up  to  the  stage- 1 
direction  "  Re-enter  Sapritius,  dragging  in 
Dorothea  by  the  hair,"  it  is  substantially 
Massinger' s.  It  is  all  in  metre. 

The  scene  opens  with  "  Antoninus  on  a 
couch    asleep,    with    doctors    about    him," 
Sapritius  making  a  rhetorical  appeal  to  the 
doctors  to  use  then*  utmost  endeavours  to 
save  his  life.     He  addresses  them  thus  : — 
O  you  that  are  half-gods,  lengthen  that  life 
Their  deities  lend  us  ;    turn  o'er  all  your  volumes 
Of  your  mysterious  ./Esculapian  science, 
To  increase  the  number  of  this  young  man's  days, 
just  after  the  fashion  of  Sforza's  speech  to 
-  the  doctors  in  '  The  Duke  of  Milan,'  V.  ii.  : — 

O  you  earthly  gods, 

You  second  natures,  that  from  your  great  master, 
Who  joined  the  limbs  of  torn  Hippolytus, 


\iitl  drew  upon  himself  the  Thunderer's  envy, 
Arc  taught  those  hidden  secrets  that  restore 
To  life  death-wounded  men,  &c. 
The  first  doctor  begins  his  reply  to  Sapritius 
with 

]\'/tat  art  can  do,  we  promise. 
Compare  the  surgeon's  remark  to  his  patient 
(Paulinus)  in  '  The  Emperor  of  the  East,'  IV. 
iv.  : — - 

I  hnve  done  as  much  as  art  can  do  to  stop 
The  violent  course  of  your  fit,  &c. 
That  Massinger' s  influence  in  the  early  part 
of  the  scene  (the  conversation  between  Sapri- 
tius, Macrinus  and  the  doctor)  is  paramount, 
"T'n   be  obvious  if  we-  compare  Macrinus' s 


will 


•description  of  the  behaviour  of  Antoninus  in 


his  illness  with  the  Waiting  Woman's  de- 
scription of  the  distracted  Almira  in  '  A  Very 
Woman  '  : — 

Macrinus  :  ...    Stand  by  his  pillow 

Some  little  while,  and,  in  his  broken  slumbers, 
Him  you  shall  hear  cry  out  on  Dorothea  ; 
And,  when  his  arms  fly  open  to  catch  her, 
Closing  together,  he  falls  fast  asleep, 

.    .    .    let  him  hear 

The  voice  of  Dorothea,  nay,  but  the  name, 
He  starts  up  with  high  colour  in  his  face,  &c. 
A  moment  later,  Antoninus  awakes,  crying 
out : — 

Thou  kill'st  me,  Dorothea  ;    oh,  Dorothea  !    . 
In  '  A  Very  Woman,'  II.  iii.,  Leonora  asks 
one   of  the  Waiting  Women  if  Almira  has 
slept,  and  the  Waiting  Woman  answers  : — 

...    If  she  slumber'd,  straight, 
As  if  some  dreadful  vision  had  appear 'd, 
She  started  up,  her  hair  unbound,  and  with 
Distracted  looks  staring  about  the  chamber, 
She  asks  aloud,  "  Where  is  Martino  ?  "  &c. 

Here  is  the  same  conception  of  mental  dis- 
traction, the  broken  slumbers,"  starting  up  " 
in  bed,  and  crying  out  the  name  of  the  lover. 
The  doctor  who  has  already  spoken,  first 
suggests  that  music  would  be  beneficial,  and 
then,  when  Antoninus  receives  this  sugges- 
tion by  rising  from  his  bed  with  a  curse,  tells 
him  to  return  to  it,  sleep  being  "  a  sovereign 
physic."  "  Thou  stinking  clyster -pipe," 
exclaims  Antoninus, 

.    .    .    where's  the  god  of  rest, 
Thy  pills  and  base  apothecary  drugs 
Threatened   to   bring  unto   me  ?     Out,   you   im- 
postors ! 
Quacksalving,  cheating  mountebanks  ! 

In  '  A  Very  Woman,'  II.  ii.,  Paulo  praises 
the  two  surgeons  attending  Antonio.  They 
have  not,  he  says,  treated  their  patient's 
wound  with  oils  or  balsams 

.    .    .    bought 
Of  cheating  quacksalvers,  or  mountebanks. 

So  far  only  suggestions  of  Massinger' s  pen 
have  been  noticed.  The  term  "  stinking 
clyster -pipe  "  applied  to  a  doctor  is,  however, 
almost  certainly  Dekker's.  He  uses  it  (of 
Dr.  Ropus)  in  '  The  Whore  of  Babylon ' 
(Pearson,  ii.  250)  and  again  ("  sweet  Doctor 
Glister -pipe  ")  in  'Westward  Hoe,'  I.  i.  I 
know  of  no  instance  of  its  use  thus  elsewhere 
as  early  as  these.  The  first  example  given  in 
'  N.E.D.,'  is  of  1661.  It  may  also  be  re- 
marked that  "  stinking"  is  an  adjective  of 
extraordinarily  frequent  occurrence  in  Dek- 
ker ;  and  he  has  "  stinking  surgeon "  in 
'  Northward  Hoe,'  IV.  i. 

After  the  stage -direction  "  Re-enter  Sapri- 
tius," &(?.,  the  scene  is  no  doubt  mainly  of 
Dekker's  writing,  but  even  here  a  careful 


86 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[12  S.  X.  FEB.  4,  1922.. 


study  of  the  text  in  the  light  of  Massinger's 
independent  plays  unmistakably  reveals  not 
only  the  influence  but  traces  of  the  language 
of  Massinger.  The  interview  between  An- 
toninus and  Dorothea,  in  particular,  should 
be  compared  with  that  between  Hortensio 
and  Matilda  in  '  The  Bashful  Lover,'  I.  i. 
In  the  latter  play,  Ascanio's  scorn  of  Hor- 
tensio's  bashful  attitude  towards  Matilda  is 
paralleled  in  Sapritius's  scorn  of  the  be- 
haviour of  Antoninus,  and  there  is  a  strong 
resemblance  between  the  language  used  by 
Ascanio  and  that  of  Sapritius.  Compare 
also  Durazzo's  annoyance  at  Adorio's  tepid 
wooing  of  Calista  in  '  The  Guardian,'  I.  i. 
And  for  a  definite  mark  of  Massinger's 
vocabulary  one  may  without  hesitation 
point  to  the  passage  in  which  Antoninus 
speaks  of  "  tasting  the  fruit  of  that  sweet 
virgin  tree."  Such  language  is  typical  of 
Massinger  (compare  "  When  first  I  tasted 
her  virgin  fruit,"  '  Duke  of  Milan,'  I.  iii.)  and 
not  to  be  found  in  Dekker. 
Scene  ii. 

This  is  wholly  Dekker' s.  The  prose 
speeches  of  Hircius  and  Spungius  account 
for  about  one  half  of  the  scene,  all  the  other 
characters  (Harpax,  Theophilus,  Dorothea, 
Angelo  and  Sapritius)  speaking  in  metre. 
The  repetitions  in  Angel o's  beautiful  speech, 
"  There  fix  thine  eye  still,"  and  Dorothea's 
reply,  "  Ever,  ever,  ever,"  should  be  noted  as 
typical  of  Dekker. 

Scene  iii. 

Written  by  Massinger.     Note  : — 

1.  Second  speech  of  Antoninus  : 

Then  with  her  dies 

The  abstract  of  all  sweetness  that's  in  woman  ! 
A  favourite  expression  of  Massinger's  ;   com- 
pare : — 
The  abstract  of  all  goodness  in  mankind. 

('.Bondman,'  V.  iii.) 
.    .    .    the  abstract 

Of  all  that's  rare,  or  to  be  wished  in  woman. 
('  Duke  of  Milan,'  I.  iii.,  and  '  Picture,'  I.  ii.) 

2.  Same  speech : 

.    .    .    she  being  gone,  the  glorious  sun  himself 
To  me's  Cimmerian  darkness. 

Compare  : — 

.    .    .    without  her  all  is  nothing  ; 
The  light  that  shines  in  court,  Cimmerian  darkness. 
('  Bashful  Lover,'  I.  i.) 

3.  Antoninus  :  ...    our  clue  of  life 
Was  spun  together. 

Compare  : — 

.    .    .    our  thread  of  life 
Was  spun  together. 

(*  Custom  of  the  Country    (Mass, 
and  Fletcher),  III.  iv-) 

4.  Antoninus  :  By  my  hopes 
Of  joys  hereafter. 


Compare  : — 
Of  joys  hereafter. 


By  my  hopes 


('  Duke  of  Milan,'  III.  iii.) 

5.  Antoninus :     .    .    .    deface    the     masterpiece- 
of  nature. 

Compare  : — 

behold  the  figure  of 
The  masterpiece  of  nature. 

('  Roman  Actor,'  III.  ii.) 
She  is  delivered   ...    to  us  by  Contarino, 
For  a  masterpiece  in  nature. 

('  Great  Duke  of  Florence,'  I.  ii.) 

6.  Theophilus  :      Not  all  the  riches  of  the  sea> 
increased 

By  violent  shipwrecks,  nor  the  unsearched  mines 
(Mammon's    unknown    exchequer)    shall    redeem 
thee. 

Compare  :— 

Think  you  all  treasure 

Hid  in  the  bowels  of  the  earth,  or  shipwreck' d 
In  Neptune's  wat'ry  kingdom,  can  hold  weight 
When  liberty  and  honour  fill  one  scale  ? 

('  Bondman,'  I.  iii.) 
a  cabinet  .    .    .    whose  least  gem 
All  treasure  of  the  earth,  or  what  is  hid 
In  Neptune's  watery  b  som,  cannot  purchase. 

('  Parliament  of  Love,'  III.  ii.) 

7.  Dorothea:  .    .    .    bury  in 
Oblivion  your  feigned  Hesperian  orchards  : 
The  golden  fruit,  kept  by  the  watchful  dragon T 
Which  did  require  a  Hercules  to  get  it, 
Compared  with  what  grows  in  all  plenty  there 
Deserves  not  to  be  named. 

Compare  :— 

Those  golden  apples  in  the  Hesperian  orchards 
So  strangely  guarded  by  the  watchful  dragon 
As  they  required  great  Hercules  to  get  them  ; 

.    .    .   when  I  look 
On  this,  cleserve  no  wonder. 

>v'  Emperor  of  the  East,'  IV.  ii.) 

8.  Theophilus  :  Hast  thou  aught  else  to  say  ? 
Dorothea  :    Nothing,  but  to  blame 

Thy  tardiness  in  sending  me  to  rest ; 
.     .     .     strike,^O  !  strike  quickly. 

Compare  Eudocia's  song  in  '  The  Emperor 
of  the  Easty'  V.  iii.  : — 

But  to  me  thou  art  cruel, 
If  thou  end  not  my  tedious  misery  : 

Strike,  and  strike  home,  then  ;   pity  unto  me, 
In  one  short  hour's  delay,  is  tyranny. 

Act  V.  scene  i. 
This  scene  (nearly  all  verse)  is  substan- 
tially Dekker's  but  has  been  revised  by 
Massinger,  who  certainly  remodelled  some 
of  the  speeches  of  Theophilus.  Towards  the 
end  of  his  opening  speech,,  the  word  "  flea- 
bit  ings  "- 

Tush,  all  these  tortures  are  but  iillipings, 
Fleabitings. 

— is  a  favourite  of  Massinger's  ('  Bond- 
man '  IV.  ii.  ;  '  City  Madam,'  IV.  i.  ;  '  Duke 
of  Milan,'  I.  iii.  and  III.  ii..,  &c,).  Compare 


12  S.  X.  FEB.  4,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


87 


slso  (in  the  speech  of  Theophilus  prompted  | 
toy  the  laughter   of   the  invisible   Harpax)  j 
"  What  is't  the   dog  grins  at   so  ?  "    with 
Caesar's  "  Dogs,  do  you  grin  ?  "  in  '  Roman 
Actor,'  III.  ii. 

The  style  of  the  greater  portion  is,  how- 
•ever,  eloquent  of  Dekker's  authorship,  and 
the  metrical  evidence  is  confirmed  by  the ! 
inversions  "  Some  angel  hath  me  fed  "  and  i 
"  Me  hast  thou  lost,"  both  in  speeches  of 
Theophilus. 

Scene  ii. 

This  (all  verse)  is  Massinger's.     Parallels 
«re  numerous  : — 

1.  Maximinus  :    Were  you  deformed, 

Your  gravity  and  discretion  would  o'erconie  me  ; 
And  I  should  be  more  proud  to  be  a  prisoner 
To  your  fair  virtues,  &c. 

Compare : — 
A\Vr-  she  deform'd, 

"The  virtues  of  her  mind  would  force  a  stoic 
To  sue  to  be  her  servant. 

('  Bondman,'  I.  iii.) 
"Were  she  deform'd, 

Yet,  being  the  duchess,  I  stand  bound  to  serve  her. 
('  Duke  of  Milan,    I.  ii.) 

2.  Artemia  :  ...     although  he  turned 
Apostata  in  death. 

Compare  : — 
Tn  death  to  turn  apostata  ! 

('  Renegade,   IV.  iii.) 

3.  Theophilus  :     And    Dorothea   but   hereafter 
named, 

You  will     ...    no  more     .     .     .     remember 
What  the  canonized  Spartan  ladies  were, 
Which  lying  Greece  so  boasts  of.     .     .     . 

.  .  .  Gracchus'  Cornelia, 
Paulina,  that  in  death  desired  to  follow 
Her  husband  Seneca,  nor  Brutus'  Portia, 

Though  all  their  several  worths  were  given  to  one, 
With  this  is  to  be  mentioned. 
Compare  : — 

.     .     .     borrow   of 

Times  past,  and  let  imagination  help, 
Of  those  canonized  ladies  Sparta  boasts  of 
.     .     .     yet  still  you  must  confess 
Tin-  phcenix  of  perfection  ne'er  was  seen, 
But  in  my  fair  Marcelia. 

('  Duke  of  Milan,   I.  iii.) 
.     .     .     the  mother 

Df  the  Gracchi,  grave  Cornelia,  Rome  still  boasts  of, 
The  wise  Pulcheria  but  named,  must  be 
Jso  more  remember' d. 

('  Emperor  of  the  East,'  I.  i.) 
-4.  Theophilus :    With    choice    celestial    music, 

equal  to 
The  motion  of  the  spheres. 

Compare  : — 

With  music  more  harmonious  than  the  spheres 
Yield  in  their  heavenly  motion. 

('  Bondman,'  IV.  iii.) 

Theophilus:     .     .     .     belched       out       bias-, 
phemous  words. 


Compare  : — 

.     .     .     belch  forth  blasphemies. 

('  Believe  As  You  List,'  I.  ii.) 
.     .     .     belch' d  out  blasphemy. 

('  The  False  One  '  (M.  &  F.),  V.  iii.) 

6.  Diocletian  :    Thou  twice  a  child  !  for  doting 
age  so  makes  thee, 

Thou  couldst  not  else,  thy  pilgrimage  of  life 
Being  almost  passed  through,  in  the  last  moment 
Destroy  whate'er  thou  hast  done  good  or  great — 
Thy  youth  did  promise  much  ;  and,  grown  a  man, 
Thou  mad'st  it  good,  and,  with  increase  of  years, 
Thy  actions  still  bettered  as  the  sun, 
Thou   did'st   rise   gloriously,   kept'st   a   constant 

course 

In  all  thy  journey  ;   and  now,  in  the  evening, 
When  thou  should 'st  pass  writh  honour  to  thy  rest, 
Wilt  thou  fall  like  a  meteor  ? 

Compare  : — 
An  old  man's  twice  a  child. 

('  Bashful  Lover,'  III.  i.) 
If  doting  age  could  let  you  but  remember. 

('  Duke  of  Milan,'  II.  i.) 
But  now  I  find  you  less  than  a  man, 
Less  than  a  common  man,  and  end  that  race 
You  have  so  long  run  strongly,  like  a  child, 
For  such  a  one  old  age  or  honour's  surfeits 
Again  have  made  you. 

('  Bamavelt,'  I.  i.,  Bullen,'  Old  Plays,'  ii.  211.) 

I  much  grieve, 

After  so  many  brave  and  high  achievements, 
He  should  in  one  ill  forfeit  all  the  good 
He  ever  did  his  country. 

('  Unnatural  Combat,'  I.  i.) 

I,  that  have  stood 

The  shock  of  fierce  temptations.     .     .     . 
To  draw  my  bark  of  chastity  (that  with  wonder 
Hath  kept  a  constant  and  an  honour'd  course) 
Into  the  gulf  of  a  deserved  ill-fame 
Now  fall  unpitied  ;    and,  in  a  moment, 
With  mine  own  hands,  dig  up  a  grave  to  bury 
The  monumental  heap  of  all  my  years 
Employ'd  in  noble  actions. 

('  Renegade,'  II.  i.) 
.     ..    .     shall  I  then, 
Now  in  the  sun-set  of  my  day  of  honour, 
When  I  should  pass  with  glory  to  my  rest,  &c. 
('  Barnavelt,'  Bullen,  ii.  210). 

7.  Sapritius  :  Confess    .     .     .     that  thy  tongue 
and  heart 

Had  no  agreement. 

Compare : — 

But  what  assurance     .     .     .     may  I  demand 
That  may  secure  me  that  your  heart  and  tongue 
Join  to  make  harmony  ? 

('  Unnatural  Combat,'  III.  iv.) 

8.  Theophilus  :    In  mine  own  house  there  are  a 
thousand  engines 

Of  studied  cruelty,  which  I  did  prepare 
For  miserable  Christians  ;   let  me  feel, 
As  the  Sicilian  did  his  brazen  bull, 
The  horrid 'st  you  can  find. 

"Studied  cruelty"  occurs  again  in  'The 
Bondman,'  III.  v.,  and  compare  "  studied 
torments  "  ('  Roman  Actor,'  I.  ii.  ;  '  Duke 
of  Milan,'  III.  iii.),  and  "  studied  tortures  ' 


88 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[12S.  X.  FEB.  4,  1922. 


('Roman  Actor,'   III.   ii.).     'The  Sicilian' 

is,  of  course,  Phalaris.     Compare  :— - 

Choose  any  torture,  let  the  memory 

Of  what  thy  father  and  thy  brothers  suffer' d. 

Make  thee  ingenious  in  it   ;    such  a   one, 

As  Phalaris  would  wish  to  be  call'd  his. 

('  The  Bashful  Lover,'  II.  vii.) 

The  torturing  of  Theophilus  at  the  close 
of  the  scene  should  be  compared  with  the 
torturing  of  Junius  Rusticus  and  Palphurius 
Sura  in  '  The  Roman  Actor,'  III.  ii.  In 
both  plays  the  Roman  emperor  urges 
the  application  of  still  severer  tortures  to 
extort  some  manifestation  of  suffering  from 
the  tortured,  but  without  success.  Note 
particularly  the  exclamations  of  Sapritius 
and  Dioclesian — 

Sapritius  :    Xo  sigh,  nor  groan, 
To  witness  he  has  feeling, 

Dioclesian  :    Harder,  villains  ! 

and  compare  '  The  Roman  Actor  '  : — 

CcBsar  :  Not  a  groan  ! 

Is    my    rage    lost  ?  search    deeper, 

villains  ! 

Compare  also,  in  the  torture  scene  (Mas- 
singer's)  of  '  The  Double  Marriage  (Act  I., 
so.  ii.)  : — 

So  brave  !  I'll  tame  you  yet,  pluck  hard ,  villains  ; 
Is  she  insensible  ?  no  sigh,  nor  groan  ? 

There  remains  only  the  vision  of 
Dorothea  with  the  fine  concluding  speech! 
of  Theophilus.  Nowhere  do  we  find  any1 
trace  of  Dekker. 

Generally,  the  result  of  my  detailed  in- 
vestigation is  to  confirm  the  conclusion  at 
which  most  previous  critics  have  arrived — 
that  Dekker  is  lesponsible  for  what  is 
worst,  and  for  a  good  deal  of  what  is  best 
in  the  play.  The  prose  portions,  the 
speeches  of  Hircius  and  Spungius,  are  cer- 
tainly almost  entirely  his,  but  he  is  also 
chiefly  responsible  for  Dorothea  and  Angelo. 
Massinger's  share  in  the  play  is,  however, 
larger  than  has  usually  been  supposed.  All 
that  is  distinctively  *'  Roman  "  in  the  play 
is  his,  and  he  is  entitled  to  some  of  the 
credit  for  several  of  the* best  scenes  hitherto 
attributed  to  Dekker  alone. 

Of    the  many  previous  critics  who  have 
essayed  to  divide  this  play  between  its  two  \ 
authors,  Messrs.  Fleay  and    Boyle  (if    my| 
division   be   the   right    one)    are   the   most 
accurate.      Boyle's   article   on   the   subject ; 
will   be   found  in   the    Transactions  of    the  | 
New  Shakespeare  Society  (1880-6,  Part  III., 
pp.  624-6).     He  differs  from  Fleay  only  in 
-attributing    Act    II.,    sc.    ii.,    which    Fleay 
assigns  to  Massinger,  to  Dekker.     I  subjoin  ' 


a  table  comparing  the  results  arrived  at  by 
these  two  critics  with  my  own  : — 

Fleay  and  Boyle.  SyJces. 

Act      I.  sc.     i.     Massinger  Massinger 

Act    II.  sc.     i.     Dekker  Dekker 

„        sc.    ii.    Massinger  (Fleay)    Dekker  and 
Dekker  (Boyle)  Massinger 

„        sc.  iii.     Dekker  Massinger 

and  Dekker 

Act  III.  sc.     i.    Massinger  Massinger 

„        sc.    ii.    Massinger  Massinger 

sc.  iii.     Dekker  Dekker 

Act  IV.  sc.     i.     Dekker  Massinger 

and  Dekker 

,,        sc.    ii.     Dekker  Dekker 

„        sc.  iii.    Massinger  Massinger 

Act    V.  sc.     i.     Dekker  Dekker  and 

Massinger 
„         sc.    ii.    Massinger  Massinger 

H.  DUGDALE  SYKES. 
Enfield. 


GLASS-PAINTERS  OF  YORK. 

(See  ante,  12  S.  viii.  127,  323,  364,  406,  442, 
485;  ix.  21,  61,  103,  163,  204,  245,  268, 
323,  363,  404,  442,  483,  523 ;  x.  44.) 

JOHN  DE  BURGH. 
FKEE  of  the  city  1375  (*  Freemen  of  York,' 
Surtees  Soc.)  as  a  "  glasenwright."  He  was 
evidently  a  member  of  a  considerable  family 
of  that  name.  In  1 399  William  Burgh,  prob- 
ably a  brother,  "  filled  the  great  window  of 
Westminster  Hall  with  flemished  glass  in 
the  last  year  of  Richard  II."  (Prof.  W.  R. 
Lethaby,  '  Westminster  Abbey  and  the 
King's  Craftsmen,'  p.  304).  Several  other 
members  of  the  family  were  in  orders,  but  at 
the  same  time  seem  to  have  been  all  more  or 
less  interested  in  glass.  In  1391  John  de 
Ednestow,  chaplain  of  a  chantry  at  the  altar 
of  St.  Michael  in  St.  Helen's  Church,  Stone- 
gate,  the  parish  church  of  the  glass -painters, 
bequeathed  10s.  to  Dom  Simon  de  Burgh 
(Reg.  Test.  i.  45b).  Simon  Burgh,  chaplain, 
evidently  the  same  man,  made  his  will  in 
1423,  desiring  to  be  buried  "  outside  the  east 
end  of  the  choir  of  the  Minster  of  St.  Peter  at 
York  over  against  the  great  window  there 
and  near  to  the  wall  of  the  said  choir  "  (Reg. 
Test.  i.  214d) — that  is,  in  the  cemetery  at 
the  east  end  of  the  new  choir  and  immediately 
underneath  John  Thornton's  great  east 
window,  which  had  been  completed  some 
fifteen  years  previously.  Another  membet 
of  the  family,  also  called  John  de  Burgh  (but 
evidently  distinct  from  the  glass -painter,  who 
was  alive  in  1419),  made  his  will  or 


1402,   desiring 
parish  church. 


on  July 

to   be  buried  in   Halifax 
For  making  one  window 


12  S.  X.  FEB.  4,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


89 


in  the  chancel  there,  10  marks  "  (£6  13s.  Ad.) 
(Reg.  Test.  Ebor.,  ui.  84b). 

John  Burgh,  in  spite  of  the  fact  that  he 
was  not  entrusted  with  the  great  east  window, 
was  evidently  the  principal  York  glass- 
painter  of  his  time.  During  his  time  design 
in  glass  passed  from  pure  Decorated  through 
Transition  into  the  fully  developed  Perpen- 
dicular style.  His  name  first  appears  in 
connexion  with  the  Minster  glass  in  the 
Fabric  Roll  of  1399,  when  he  was  paid  for 
repairs  to  the  windows  of  the  chapter  house 
and  nave  carried  out  by  him  and  his  ser- 
vants ;  and  he  is  entered  in  almost  every 
Roll  until  the  year  1419,  about  which  time, 
probably,  he  died,  for,  two  years  later,  John 
"Chamber  (no  doubt  the  elder  of  the  two 
brothers  of  that  name  and  the  one  who  died 
in  1437)  is  entered  in  connexion  with  the 
glass.  John  Burgh  was,  therefore,  a  con- 
temporary of,  and  working  at  the  Minster  at 
the  same  time  as,  John  Thornton  of  Coventry. 
Though  there  are  no  windows  definitely 
known  to  be  the  work  of  John  Burgh,  it  can 
with  some  confidence  be  suggested  that  the 
windows  of  the  aisles  of  the  Lady  Chapel — 
the  first  portion  of  the  new  choir  to  be  com- 
pleted— are  his  work  ;  for  they  were  evidently 
done  before  John  Thornton  of  Coventry  came 
to  York  in  1405  to  execute  the  great  east 
window.  The  three  in  the  north  aisle  and 
those  in  the  clerestory  above  seem  to  be  all 
by  one  hand.  It  is  possible  that  he  was  also 
responsible  for  the  beautiful  St.  Edward 
Confessor  window  on  the  south  side,  which 
has  canopies  remarkably  similar  in  design 
to  those  in  New  College,  Oxford,  and  Alten- 
berg  in  Germany.  The  east  window  of  St. 
Saviour's,  York,  which  is  also  Transitional  in 
style,  is  probably  his  work  also. 

In  1400  John  Burgh  executed  work  for 
Thomas  de  Dalby,  Archdeacon  of  Richmond, 
in  whose  will,  made  in  1400,  the  following 
appears  :  "  J.  Burgh  vitriario  pro  diversis 
fenestris  .vitreis  pro  aula  de  Thornton 
camera  et  capellis  ibidem  et  pro  clausura 
Ebor.  23s.  4d.  (Test.  Ebor.,  Surtees  Soc., 
iii.  2). 

A  shield,  Archdeaconry  of  Richmond  im- 
paling Dalby,  which  probably  formed  part 
of  the  above  glass  in  the  archdeacon's  study, 
has  been  inserted  in  the  upper  quatrefoil  of 
the  tracery  of  the  fourth  window  from  east 
in  the  north  aisle  of  the  nave,  instead  of  the 
original  figure. 

John  Burgh  had  several  "  servants  "  or 
workpeople.  One  of  these,  flamed  Robert, 
•probably  the  Robert  Quarendon  mentioned 


in  the  Fabric  Roll  of  the  Minster  for  the  year 
1417,  had  evidently  left  Burgh's  employ 
some  time  before  the  year  1400,  as  in  the 
Roll  of  that  year  he  is  described  as  "  lately 
a  servant  of  the  said  John."  Another  work- 
man, "  John  the  servant  of  the  said  John," 
whose  name  is  recorded  in  the  Roll  of  1414, 
was  probably  the  John  Coverham  mentioned 
in  that  of  1419,  who  was  free  of  the  city  in 
1425  .and  whose  son  Thomas  was  free  in  1448. 
JOHN  A.  KNOWLES. 


OXFORDSHIRE  MASONS. — Who  were  the 
members  of  the  lodge  of  Masons  brought 
by  Thomas  Strong  to  London  to  assist  in 
rebuilding  St.  Paul's  Cathedral  after  the 
Great  Fire  ?  (see  MR.  DUDLEY  WRIGHT'S  note 
at  12  S.  x.  43).  The  names  of  several  of  the 
masons  employed  are  given  by  the  late 
Major  J.  M.  W.  Halley  in  the  Journal  of  the 
R.I.B.A.  (Dec.  5,  1914),  the  facts  being  taken 
from  the  original  "  Accounts."  They  were 
Joshua  Marshall,  Thomas  Strong,  Edward  S., 
sen.  and  jun.,  Edward  Pearce,  Jasper 
Lathom,  Thomas  Wise,  sen.  and  jun., 
Christopher  Kempster,  William  K.,  Ephraim 
Beacham,  Nathaniel  Rawlins,  John  Thomp- 
son, Samuel  Fulkes,  Thomas  Hill  and  Chris- 
topher Cass.  The  majority  of  these  were 
members  of  the  Masons'  Company,  and 
indeed  held  the  office  of  Master  at  different 
times.  The  Strongs,  Kempsters  and 
Edward  Beacham  were  Oxfordshire  men, 
the  Strongs  owning  Tainton  quarry  and  the 
Kemptsers  Upton  quarry,  Burford,  from 
both  of  which  stone  was  taken  for  the 
rebuilding.  I  have  recently  come  across 
the  will  of  Edward  Beacham  of  Burford, 
dated  Aug.  10,  1677,  and  proved  in  the 
Consistory  Court  of  Oxford.  From  this  it 
appears  that  Ephraim  B.  was  his  son,  while 
his  daughter  Martha  was  the  wife  of  Edward 
Strong,  sen.  Were  any  of  the  others 
connected  with  Oxfordshire  ?  Joshua  Mar- 
shall apparently  was  not.  He  was  the  son 
of  Edward  M.  of  Fetter  Lane  (Master  of  the 
Masons'  Company  1680).  I  find  the  name 
Nathaniel  Rawlins  in  Hook  Norton,  Oxon, 
in  the  Lay  Subsidy  Roll  for  1655. 

E.  ST.  JOHN  BROOKS. 

YORKSHIRE  LAND  TERMS  :  "  ONSTAND," 
"  GAIRNS." — Recently  I  have  been  an- 
notating a  number  of  old — seventeenth 
and  eighteenth  century — Yorkshire  farmers' 
diaries,  and  have  been  struck  with  the 
number  of  remarkable  land-terms  these  con- 
tain, regarding  some  of  which  I  have  had 


90 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[12  S.  X.  FEB.  4,  1922. 


interesting  correspondence.  For  instance, , 
I  have  to  thank  Mr.  John  Wilson,  late  of , 
the  Whitby  district  and  now  of  Shepton 
Mallet,  Somerset,  for  an  interesting  letter! 
regarding  the  word  "  onstand,"  which  1 1 
denned  as  meaning  the  balance  of  a  sum  j 
•of  money  (corn  or  other  payment  in  kind)  j 
left  after  a  certain  portion  had  been  paid  j 
off  by  one  or  more  instalments.  The  word  i 
occurs  in  the  old  diary  of  Jackson  of! 
Lackenby,  which  has  been  loaned  to  me,  and 
is  used  in  the  following  entry :  "  1807, 
July  2nd,  To  cash  paid  Jackson  Buckton  on 
account  of  onstand,  £40."  Mr.  Wilson, 
who  has  had  extensive  experience  with  the 
management  of  estates  and  with  old  deeds 
and  records,  writes  : — 

I  am  sending  you  an  extract  from  a  clause  in  a 
farm  agreement  in  use  in  the  North  Riding  of 
Yorks,  touching  upon  the  meaning  of  the  word 
"  onstand."  I  have  never  seen  the  word  used 
anywhere  else  but  in  the  Whitby  district,  nor  in 
any  farm  agreement  save  the  one  from  which 
the  extract  appended  was  taken.  Some  12  or 
15  years  ago  a  fresh  form  of  agreement  was  pre- 
pared for  use  to  take  the  place  of  an  older  form, 
and  I  am  rather  glad  to-day  that  I  had  something 
to  do  with  the  retention  of  the  old  word  "  on- 
stand "  and  all  that  it  meant  to  an  ingoing 
tenant.  The  old  custom,  when  carried  out 
correctly,  meant  that  the  incoming  tenant  took  as 
his  share  of  the  grain  crop  already  sown  one-third 
of  the  stocks  in  one  case  and  half  the  number 
of  stocks  in  the  other  (i.e.,  the  land  set  apart). 
The  actual  sharing  of  the  harvest  in  this  manner 
is  rarely  done  now,  but  that  was  what  it  meant 
in  actual  practice  and  as  understood  in  the 
Yorkshire  dales  to-day.  Here  is  an  extract 
from  the  form  of  agreement  mentioned  : — 

The  tenant  shall  also  be  entitled  on  quitting 
to  the  following  allowances,  which  shall  be  settled 
as  hereinafter  provided,  and  be  paid  by  the  land- 
lord when  and  as  fixed  by  the  valuers  or  their 
arbitrator,  namely :  For  an  away-going  crop 
of  corn  one -half  of  the  arable  land  sown  in  due 
course  of  husbandry,  the  valuation  of  the  same 
to  be  made  immediately  before  the  harvest, 
but  in  suchl  vauation,  deductions  shall  be  made 
of  the  expenses  of  weeding,  reaping,  harvesting, 
threshing  and  marketing  the  crop,  also  of  one- 
third  of  the  valuation  for  onstand  if  the  crop  be 
sown  after  fallow  or  turnips,  or  rape  eaten  on, 
and  of  one-half  if  it  be  sown  after  potatoes,  or 
turnips  pulled  off  (the  straw  not  to  be  included 
in  the  valuation  but  to  belong  to  the  landlord  or 
the  incoming  tenant  without  any  payment  of 
compensation  being  made  for  the  same). 

Regarding  the  "  gairs,"  gairns,"  and 
"  gairing,"  a  correspondent  writes  to  me 
from  Bainton,  Driffield  : — 

We  use  the  word  in  this  district  in  a  slightly 
different  sense  to  that  you  suggest  in  connection 
with  the  extract  from  Dobson's  diary  for  1807, 
in  which  he  speaks  of  sowing  "  eight  lands  and 
,  one  gairn  with  red  superfine  wheat  from  London." 
Hereabouts  in  starting  to  plough  a  lot  of  rigs  (or 


marks)  are  set  parallel  with  the  straight est 
hedge  or  fence.  The  "  garins  "  are  the  short 
rigs  which  are  common  in  most  fields  when  one 
end  is  wider  than  the  other,  or  has  a  corner  or 
triangular  piece  at  one  end. 

J.  FAIRFAX-BLAKEBOROUGH. 
Grove  House,  Norton-on-Tees. 

A  TUDOR  FIREPLACE  AT  ST.  ALBANS. — 
The  following  extract  from  The  Herts 
Advertiser  of  the  21st  inst.  seems  worthy  of 
a  corner  in  '  N.  &  Q.'  The  premises  in 
question  are  situated  amongst  a  block  of 
some  other  very  old  buildings  in  the  market 
place  : — 

A  discovery  which  will  prove  of  great  interest 
to  archaeologists  has  been  made  in  the  course 
of  the  refitting  of  the  new  premises  which  have  been* 
acquired  by  Messrs.  Boots,  Cash  Chemists,  St. 
Albans. 

Following  the  demolition  of  a  modern  fireplace 
in  a  front  room  of  the  first  floor,  there  came  to 
light  a  very  fine  specimen  of  a  Tudor  fireplace, 
of  stone.  It  is  in  four  pieces,  and  is  in  an  ex- 
cellent state  of  preservation.  The  carving  on  the 
stone  is  in  practically  the  same  condition  as  it 
was  when  first  placed  there. 

The  specimen  has  been  viewed  by  Sir  Edgar 
Wigram,  Mr.  C.  H.  Ashdown  and  Mr.  Bullen, 
who  are  quite  certain  that  it  is  a  fine  example 
of  the  work  of  the  Tudor  period. 

We  understand  that  the  fireplace  is  to  be  placed 
in  the  new  library  which  the  firm  are  having  made. 

It  is  thought  that  the  stone,  which  is  of  the  soft 
variety,  was  quarried  at  Dunstable. 

W.  H. 

ENGLISH  ARMY  SLANG  AS  USED  IN  THE 
GREAT  WAR. — We  much  regret  that,  owing 
to  the  indisposition  of  MR.  FORBES  SIEVE  - 
KING,  the  next  article  on  this  subject  has 
had  to  be  postponed. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries 
In  order  that  answers  may  be  sent  to  them  direct. 


EVELYN  QUERIES. — 1.  Aug.  7,  1641. 
Evelyn  refers  to  an  "  incomparable  book, 
Hollandia  Illustrate,"  which  contains  a 
picture  of  the  wheel  bridge  used  at  the  siege 
of  Gennep.  This  cannot  be  Scriverius,  as 
suggested  by  Dobson,  whose  book  was  pub- 
lished long  before  the  siege.  The  title  is 
probably  due  to  the  lettering  on  the  book  of 
Evelyn's  bound  copy.  Can  anyone  direct 
me  to  the  book  or  tell  me  its  correct  title  ? 

2.  Aug.  8.  Who  was  Sir  Robert  Stone, 
whose  wife  was  apparently  present  at 
a  cavalry  mess  ?  In  Shaw's  '  Knights ' 


12  S.  X.  FEB.  4,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


91 


there  is  a  Sir  Richard  Stone.  Brereton 
mentions  a  Mr.  Stone  who  was  attached 
to  the  Court  of  the  Queen  of  Bohemia,  and 
I  have  found  a  reference  to  him  in  the 
Calendars  of  State  Papers. 

3.  Aug.    28.   Who   was  the  happy  monk 
whom  they  claimed  at  Leyden  to  be  the 
inventor  of  typography  ? 

4.  Sept.    8.    Seedam.      "  This    town   has 
heretofore  been  much  talked  of  for  witches." 
Seedam  is  of  course  Schiedam.     Does  any- 
one  know   anything   about   the   witches   of 
Seedam  or  of  Schiedam  ?    Evelyn's  memoirs, 
as  we  have  them,  were  written  much  later, 
and  he  often  added  to  his  notes  facts  found 
in  books. 

5.  Sept.   17.  The  heart  of  which  Duke  of 
Cleves  is  buried  at  Bois-le-Duc  ? 

6.  Oct.  2.  Who  was  the  Rhinegrave  ? 

7.  Oct.     At  Ghent,  Evelyn  supped  with 
the  Abbot  of  Audoyne.     Who  was  he  ? 

H.  MAYNARD  SMITH. 

8.  College  Green,  Gloucester. 

EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY  POETRY.  —  I  am 
at  present  compiling  an  anthology  of 
shorter  poems  of  the  eighteenth  century, 
and  I  should  be  grateful  if  any  reader  could 
give  me  information  on  the  following 
points  : — 

1 .  Francis  Atterbury,  Bishop  of  Rochester. 
Nichols    attributes    the    song  '  Fair  Sylvia, 
cease  to  blame  my  youth,'  to  him,  on  the 
strength  of  a  copy  being  found  in  his  writing 
among  his  papers  after  his  death.     Is  there 
any  other  evidence  as  to  the  authorship  ? 
A    similar    attribution    to    Atterbury    by 
Nichols    of    "  You    say   you   love ;    repeat 
again,  Repeat    the    amazing    sound  "    (by 
William  King),  is  erroneous. 

2.  William    Colepeper.     Is    the    date    of 
liis  birth  known  ? 

3.  Anonymous   poems   in   Steele's   collec- 
tion.    Is  the  authorship  of  '  A  wretch  long 
tortur'd    with     disdain,'    '  How     long    will 
•Cynthia  own  no  flame,'    '  Why  will  Florella, 
while  I   gaze,    '  Gentle   air,  thou  breath   of 
lovers,'    or   of   the   epigram   on  some  snow 
that  melted  in  a  lady's  breast,  known  ? 

4.  John     Hughes,    '  On    Arqueanassa     of 
Colophos.'     This  is  apparently  a  translation 
from  the  Greek.     Who  wrote  the  original  ? 
•     .">.  Thomas  Brerewood,  author  of  '  Autumn ' 
and  other  poems.     Died   1748.     When  was 
he  born  ? 

6.  William  Bedingfield.     Flourished  about 

1720.     When  was  he  born  ?     When  did  he 

-die  ?     Is  he  really  the  author  of  '  Beauty, 

'an  Ode,'  attributed  to  him  in  Hammond's 


'Miscellany'  (1720)?  The  poem  also 
appeared  in  John  Hughes' s  *  Poems  on 
Several  Occasions,'  published  by  Hughes's 
widow  in  1735. 

.7.  Simon  Harcourt.  Has  the  question 
as  to  whether  Harcourt  or  Prior  wrote 
'  The  Female  Phaeton  '  and  '  The  Judge- 
ment of  Venus '  ever  been  settled  ?  I 
think  I  know  the  chief  contributions  to  this 
controversy  up  to  the  date  of  Waller's 
edition  of  Prior.  Is  there  any  later  evidence  ? 
Otherwise  the  balance  seems  in  favour  of 
Harcourt. 

8.  Henry    Carey.     When   was   he    born  ? 

9.  George  Sewell.     When  was  he  born  ? 

10.  Mrs.    Mary    Monk,    nee    Molesworth. 
When  was  she  born  ? 

11.  "Clio"     (Mrs.  Sansom,  nee    Fowke). 
Was  her  Christian  name  Martha  or  Maria  ? 
B.M.   catalogue  gives  the  latter. 

12.  Samuel  Wesley  the  younger.      In  the 
Preface  to  his  '  Poems '  (4to,  1736)  he   says 
that  some  are  not  by  him.     Is  it  known  to 
which   poems   this   applies,    and   who   were 
the  real  authors  ? 

13.  Has  the  possible    attribution    of    the 
'Song  to  Winifreda  '    ("Away,  let  nought 
to    love    displeasing"),  first    published    in 
David  Lewis's  '  Miscellany,'  to  Lewis  him- 
self been  discussed,  and,  if  so,  where  ? 

14.  Richard    Lely.     Published   a  volume 
of  poems  in   1727.     Is  anything  known  of 
him  ? 

15.  Henrietta  Knight,  nee  St.  John,  Lady 
Luxborough.     Died    1756.     When  was   she 
born  ? 

16.  Moses  Mendez.     When  was  he  born  ? 

17.  Mary  Masters.     Died  about  1759.     Is 
the    exact    date   known  ?  .  When    was    she 
born  ? 

I  have  not  been  able  to  find  any  of  the 
information  asked  for  in  the  '  D.N.B.* 

I.    A.    WILLIAMS. 
(To  be  continued.) 

ARAB  (OR  EASTERN)  HORSES. — Professor 
Ridgeway  in  his  work,  '  The  Origin  and 
Influence  of  the  Thoroughbred  Horse ' 
(p.  381),  states  that:— 

Charles  II.  sent  his  Master  of  the  Horse,  Sir 
John  Fenwick,  to  the  Levant,  and  he  was  there 
able  to  purchase  brood  mares  as  well  as  stallions, 
principally  Barbs  and  Turks. 

It  is  to  these  mares,  known  as  King's  Mares, 
we  must  trace  the  real  origin  of  our  English 
thoroughbred. 

It  has  always  been  a  tradition  that 
Charles  II.  sent  to  the  Levant  for  Eastern 
horses,  but  as  Sir  John  Fenwick  would 


92 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[12  S.  X.  FEB.  4,  1922. 


have  been  in  his  81st  year  in  1660,  the  date 
of  the  Restoration,  and  is  said  to  have  died 
in  about  1658,  it  was  certainly  not  he  who  j 
went. 

Is    there    any   proof    of   the    importation 
of    these    so-called    Royal    mares?     If    so,' 
who  went  for  them,  and  how  many  did  he  j 
bring  back  with  him  ? 

If  such  a  journey  was  undertaken,  would  ! 
not  an  account  of  the  expenses  be  found  in  j 
the  papers  preserved  in  the  Public  Record  I 
Office  ?     Can  any  reader  give  authority  for 
Professor   Ridgeway's    statement  ? 

ARAB. 

THE    PAPAL   TRIPLE    CROWN. — What   do  | 
the  three   crowns   on  the  Papal  mitre  re- ; 
present  ?      The  '  Encyclopaedia  Britannica  '  I 
(9th     ed.) — the     only     reference     I     have 
available — is    not    much     help,    for     under 
'  Crown  '  it  states  : — • 

The  Papal  crown  is  a  lofty  uncleft  mitre  en- 
circled by  three  coronets  rising  one  above  the 
other,  surmounted  by  a  ball  and  crown,  and  with 
ribbons  at  each  side,  similar  to  those  of  an  Italian 
bishop.  This  form  of  crown  was  first  assumed 
by  Pope  Benedict  XII.,  1344. 
But  Pope  Benedict  had  handed  in  the 
keys  to  the  Virgin  Mary  in  1342  ! 

Again,  under  '  Heraldry,'  it  states  : — 

The  Pope  places  three  crowns  over  his  mitre 
or  tiara,  said  to  have  been  severally  assumed  in 
1295,  1335,  and  1411. 

Why  were  they  assumed  ? 

F.   LAMBARDE. 
Perugia. 

COMIC  NATURAL  HISTORY. — I  wonder  if 
any  of  your  readers  can  give  me  any  in- 
formation about  a  '  Comic  Natural  His- 
tory '  of  which'  I  only  possess  pp.  39-65 
and  95-121.  This  book  was  published  in 
America,  and  the  plates,  some  of  which 
bear  the  imprint  "  lith.  in  colors  by  L. 
Rosenthal,  Phila.,"  may  be  by  Stephens 
or  Stevens  (?  H.  L.) 

There  is  no  copy  of  this  book  in  the 
British  Museum,  and  it  would  appear  to 
caricature  well -known  folk  of  the  day  on 
natural  history  lines.  The  portion  which  I 
have  deals  with  (1)  The  Lark;  (2)  The 
Kingbird  ( ?  Henry  Carey  Baird,  partner 
in  the  publishing  house  of  H.  C.  Baird 
and  Co.);  (3)  The  Humbug  (?  Phineas 
T.  Barnum)  ;  (4)  The  Widow  Bird ;  (5) 
The  Butcher  Bird  ;  (6)  The  "  Florence  " 
Humming  Bird  ( ?  Thomas  Birch  Florence, 
statesman,  1812-1875,  hatter  by  trade)  ; 
•  (7)  The  Mackerel ;  (8)  One  of  the  Rats  ; 
(9)  The  Cuttle  Fish  (?  William  E.  Burton, 


actor ;  appeared  as  Captain  Cuttle,  c, 
1848);  (10)  The  Gold  Fish  (?  J.  Gould). 
These  ten  articles  are  signed  :  W.  A.  -S.  j 
C.  ;  W.  A.  S.  ;  C.  W.  W.  ;  C.  ;  C.  F.  E.  ; 
W.  A.  S.  ;  W.  A.  S.  ;  V.  ;  and  C.,  re- 
spectively. 

I  shall  be  glad  to  receive  any  information 
concerning  this  book,  and  should  particu- 
larly like  to  know  where  I  could  see  a  com- 
plete copy.  HUGH  S.  GLADSTONE. 

Capenoch,  Thornhill,  Dumfriesshire. 

HARTGILL  BARON. — This  soldier  of  for- 
tune lived  in  the  reigns  of  Charles  I.  and 
Charles  II.  His  family  may  have  lived 
in  Croydon  and  are  believed  to  have  come 
originally  from  Wiltshire,  but  nothing  is 
known  to  me  at  present  of  his  parentage 
or  date  of  birth.  In  his  youth  he  travelled 
in  Turkey,  but  later  was  the  faithful  com- 
panion and  secretary  of  Rupert,  Prince 
Palatine  of  the  Rhine,  and  attended  him 
through  the  Dutch  Wars,  where  he  was 
disabled  by  a  shot  from  a  cannon-balL 
Oliver  Cromwell  published  a  proclamation 
and  offered  a  £1,000  reward  for  the  appre- 
hending of  his  person.  A  certain  amount 
of  information  regarding  Hartgill  Baron 
is  recorded  in  the  State  Papers  (Domestic 
Series).  There  we  read  in  1661  he  petitioned 
the  King  to  settle  a  pension  on  him  of 
£200  a  year  for  31  years,  granted  him  at 
Breda  for  hazardous  secret  service  and 
especially  for  bringing  the  first  news  of  the 
Restoration.  This  petition  is  marked  "  Fiat  '* 
and  granted.  When  employed  in  conveying 
correspondence  between  Charles  II.  (when 
in  exile)  and  his  adherents,  he  passed  under 
the  name  of  "  John  Jones."  He  was  a 
friend  of  Pepys,  and  frequent  mention  of 
him  is  made  in  the  famous  '  Diary,'  where  he 
is  referred  to  sometimes  as  "  Mr.  Baron  '* 
and  sometimes  as  "  Lieut.  -  Col.  Argel 
Baron."  His  daughter  Agneta  married 
William  Johnson  (afterwards  Governor  of 
Cape  Coast  Castle),  son  of  Sir  Henry  Johnson 
of  Blackwall  Docks  and  Aldeburgh,  and 
their  son  was  Henry  Johnson  of  Great 
Berkhampstead,  a  well-known  traveller 
and  antiquarian.  He  married  Lsetitia  Dow- 
ling,  and  their  eldest  daughter,  Laetitia, 
married  Sir  William  Proctor  Beauchamp, 
first  Bart.,  and  their  second  daughter,  Agneta, 
married  the  ill-fated  Hon.  Charles  Yorke> 
Attorney-General,  and  son  of  Lord  Chan- 
cellor Hardwicke. 

I  am  very  anxious  to  find  particulars  of 
Hardgill  Baron's  parentage  and  family* 
On  his  handsome  memorial  tablet  in  Windsor 


12  S.  X.  FEB.  4,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


93 


3-decker. — Red  ensign  at  ensign. 


parish  church  there    are  faint  traces  of  a!      Namur 
coloured     coat     of     arms  ;      the     memorial  j  staff. 
wording  runs  thus  :—  Formidable  ?  (name  uncertain,  but  it  ap- 

Near  unto  this  place  lyeth  buried  ye  body  of  |  parently  begins  with  "Form-"):  3-decker.— 
Hartgill  Baron  Esq.  late  one  of  ye  Clercks  of  His  j  Red  ensign  at  ensign  staff  ;  British  admiral's 
p a-  T  ^eaje'  and  Secretary  to  his  Highness  j  fjag  wjth  a  square  red  and  blue  flag  at  the 

Windsor.  UPHe  dyed  ye  lastly  %  November,  and  I  main  ;   red  fla£  at  the  fore' 

was  buried  here  the  4th  day  of  December  1673.  Two    2-deckers.— Red    ensign    at     ensigri 

Near  him  also  lye  buried  Hartgill,  Penelope  &  I  staff. 

Lucy  his  children.  Here  also  lyeth,  Anne  his  One  2-decker.— Red  ensign  at  ensign  staff  : 
wife,  daughter  of  Phillip  Barret  Esq.  of  Hamp- !  rfifj  qnnnrfi  flop-  «t  thp  fnrp  and  ft  lar^P  rprf 
sted  in  Middlesex,  who  dyed  Feb.  22,  1687.  square  flag  at  tne  tore,  and  a  large  red 

burgee  at  the  main. 

The  enemy  ships  are  11  vessels  in  the 
distance,  each  carrying  a  white  flag  at  the 
ensign  staff,  and  a  white  square  flag  with 
blue  St.  Andrew's  cross  at  one  or  the  other 
masthead. 

This  picture  is  not  signed,  but  is  obviously 
by  the  same  painter  as  the  other.  Both. 


5.)  A.  N.  GAMBLE. 
Gorse  Cottage,  Hook  Heath,  Woking. 

MBS.  HOLT  :  *  ISOULT  BABBY  or  WYNS- 
COTE.' — In  the  '  History  of  the  Granville 
Family,'  by  Roger  Granville  (1895),  there 
occurs  the  following  passage  : — 


Sl*^,^«u57£dl3^m«? !  years-     The  names  P™  ab°ve  are  painted 

has  been  written  by  Mrs.    Holt  from   the   Lisle  j  on  tne  sterns  of  the  ships. 

Papers  and  other  unpublished  MSS.  in  the  British  |       Can  any  reader  identify  the  incidents  re- 


Museum  and  State  Paper  Office. 


presented  and  give  a  reference  to  any  pub- 


I  shall  be  very  much  obliged  for  particu-    lished  records  of  them  ? 
lars  of  this  book.      Has  it  ever  been  pub- ! 


G.  M.  M. 


lished  ? 


Is  it  possible  to  procure  a  copy? 
M.  H.  DODDS. 


Two    NAVAL    PICTUBES    BY    SEBBES.—  1 


DEBIVATION  OF  CHINKWELL.  —  In  the 
parish  of  Newington  next  Sittingbourne 
j*161*  is  «£  °}^  R°I2an,  Burial-ground  now 

possess  two  oil  paintings  by  D.  Serres,  each  '  ^°^n  as.the  Crockfield,"  so  called  from  the* 
about  5ft.  by  3ft.  The  first  represents  cer-  >  broken  Piece?  °j  s?Pulchral  ™s  which  have 
tain  French  prizes  being  escorted  into  a  been  unearthed  from  time  to  time.  Ad- 
harbour  by  British  men-of-war.  The  har- 
bour  suggests  Plymouth  Sound  and  there  is 
in  the  background  a  breakwater,  which  I  m 


thfeto  and  on  thf  uo*il\  s^  ?f  **"* 
Street  is  a  wood  called  Chmkwell 

*ch  hae  been  ^und  Roman  (or  Saxon) 


might  be  Mount  Batten,  with  vessels  lying 
at  anchor  behind  it.  The  ships  are  as 
follows  : — 

Ardent. — A  frigate  flying  the  Union  Jack 
together  with  a  plain  white  flag  at  the  ensign 
staff. 


remains.  Can  anyone  give  the  derivation 
of  Chinkwell  ?  Is  it  possibly  the  same  as- 
Chigwell,  which  may  be  derived  from  the 
Saxon  Cingwell  (vide  '  Healing  Wells  of 
London,'  Daily  Telegraph,  Oct.  9,  1913), 
and  what  does  the  Saxon  word  Cingwell 
mean  ?  Other  places  in  the  immediate- 
are  named 


Formidable  :    2-decker.— White  ensign  at  r 
ensign  staff;  British  admiral's  flag  at  the  |  y?7cinj  y  „ 
main  ;  square  flag  striped  horizontally  red,  I  Wardwell   and   Libbetwell— from   what   are- 
white,  blue,  red,  white,  blue,  at  the  peak.      I these  two  latter  derived  * 

City  of  Paris:  3-decker.— Union  Jack  and  '  P-  FITZGERALD  HOGG  (Capt.) 

a  plain  white  flag  at  the  ensign  staff ;  British  ! 
admiral's  flag  and  a  white  flag  at  the  main.  MOON  FOLK-LOBE  :     HAITI-CUTTING. — The- 

Hector  :  2-decker. — Union  Jack  and  white  '  following  is  an  extract  from  the  Diary  of 


Nicholas  Blundell  of  Crosby  (Lancashire)  : — 
1717.      Oct :    6th.      It  being  near   Full  Moon, 


flag  at  ensign  staff. 

A  British  2-decker,  bows  on. — Figure-head, 

a  colossal  man  wearing  a  helmet  and  carrying  j  I  cut  my  Wive's  Hair  off. 
in  one  hand  a  short  staff.     Red  ensign  at        I  know  that  there  are  numerous  super- 
ensign  staff.  stitions  concerning  the  moon,  but  I  have  not 
The  picture  is  signed  "  D.  Serres,  1782."      i  heard  of    anything   in    connexion  with  the- 
The  second  picture  represents  a  general !  cutting  of  hair.     Perhaps  some  of  your  cor- 
action  out   of   sight   of   land.     The   British !  respondents  may  know, 
ships  are  : —  FBEDEBIC  CROOKS. 


94 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[12S.  X.  FEB.  4,  1922. 


QUOTATIONS  IN  '  THE  TATLER.' — No.  133 
•of  The  Taller,  attributed  in  the  1804  edition 
to  Addison  and  Steele,  has  for  heading  : — • 
Dum  tacent  clamant. 

TULL. 
Their  silence  pleads  aloud. 

What  is  the  reference  ?  I  have  searched 
for  it  in  vain  in  the  '  Lexicon  Ciceronianum 
Nizolii  '  and  other  indexes. 

No.  153,  attributed  to  Addison,  is  headed, 
Bombalio,  clangor,  stridor,  taratantara,  murmur. 

FARN.  Rhet. 

Rend  with  tremendous  sounds  your  ears  asunder, 
With     gun,    drum,     trumpet,     blunderblus,    and 
thunder. 

POPE. 

What  are  the  references  ?  What  are  the 
meaning  and  derivation  of  "  bombalio  "  ? 
Earn.,  I  suppose,  means  Farnaby. 

ROBERT  PIERPOINT. 

'  DE  IMITATIONE  CHRISTI  '  :  ECHOES  OF 
VIRGIL. — In  the  last  paragraph  of  Book  iii 
of  the  '  De  Imitatione  Christi  '  occurs  the 
phrase  "  inter  tot  discrimina  vitae,"  which 
is  obviously  an  echo  of  a  line  from  a  famous 
passage  in  the  first  ^Eneid  : — 

Per  varies  casus,  per  tot  discrimina  rerum. 
1  suppose  this  has  been  noted  before,  with 
;any  other  Virgilian  echoes  to  be  found  in 
the    '  Imitatio.'     I    should    be    glad    to    be 
referred  to  any  notes  on  the  subject. 

E.  R. 

HOLBORN,  MIDDLE  Row. — What  was 
the  date  of  the  demolition  of  the  Middle 
Row  ?  Whose  property  were  the  houses 
£ind  how  were  the  inhabitants  compensated 
for  the  loss  of  their  homes  ? 

(MRS.)  F.  L.  PAINE. 
Hove. 

SARAH  SIDDONS  THEATRE,  LYNN. — I  have 
&>  prompter's  copy  of  '  Isabella  '  with  the 
inscription 

Sarah  Siddons 
Theatre,  Lynn. 

1811. 

on  flyleaf,  but  have  been  told  by  an  authority 
that  there  was  no  theatre  of  that  name  at 
King's  Lynn,  Norfolk,  nor  any  record  of 
Mrs.  Siddons  having  acted  at  that  town. 
Is  there  another  town  of  Lynn  with  a 
theatre  of  that  name  ? 

The  writing  is  in  a  feminine  hand,  but  is 
not  that  of  Mrs.  Siddons  ;  moreover,  the 
position  of  the  comma  makes  it  read  more 
like  the  name  of  a  theatre  than  of  the  owner 
of  the  book.  G.  A.  ANDERSON. 


JAMES  AD  AIR,  HISTORIAN. — What  was  the 
nationality  of  James  Adair,  a  trader  with  the 
Indians  and  resident  in  America  for  40  years, 
and  author  of  '  History  of  the  American 
Indians'  (1775)  ?  A. 

I 

SAMUEL  MAUNDER. — Would  some  reader 
|  be  kind  enough  to  mention  the  birthplace 
j  of  Samuel  Maunder  (1785-1849),  compiler  of 
I  educational  dictionaries  ?  The  *  D.N.B.' 
I  and  Morchard  Bishop  registers  have  been 
consulted.  M. 

ZACHARY  TAYLOR,  President  of  U.S.A., 
is  said  to  have  had  relatives  in.  Durham, 
Northumberland,  and  Newcastle-oii-Tyne. 
Can  any  reader  give  proof  of  this  ? 

W.  N.  C. 

OAKELEY. — The  Morris  MS.  says  one  of 
the  murderers  of  Edward  II.  was  an  Oakley 
(Oakeley,  Okeley).  Is  anything  known 
about  him  ?  E.  F.  OAKELEY. 

"  KANGAROO  COOK." — What  was  the  real 
name  of  this  person,  whom  I  find  mentioned 
among  the  dandies  during  the  "  days  of  the 
Regency  "  ?  BURDOCK. 

EWEN  :  COAT  OF  ARMS. — Burke' s  '  General 
Armory '  gives  the  arms  for  Ewen  in 
Herne  Church,  Essex  :  Ermines,  a  bend 
cotised,  or  ;  crest,  On  a  mount  vert,  a  stork 
statant  proper.  I  cannot  trace  Herne  in 
Essex  and  suppose  the  county  to  be  Kent. 
Can  any  of  your  readers  give  me  any  informa- 
tion regarding  this  coat  of  arms  ? 

C.  L.  EWEN. 

WILLIAM  HARBORD. — What  was  the  an- 
!  cestry  of  William  Harbord,  born  in  1682, 
|  and  buried  in  1744  in  Stratton  Strawless 
!  churchyard  ?  Was  he  descended  from  Sir 
Charles  Harbord,  Surveyor  -  General  to 
I  Charles  L,  or,  if  not  from  Sir  Charles,  from 
!  one  of  his  brothers  ? 

Can  the  Heralds'  view  be  confirmed  that 
the  Harbords  are  descended  from  a  natural 
son  of  one  of  the  Herberts,  Earls  of  Pem- 
broke (see  Lord  Sufneld's  '  Memories,' 
Appendix  II.).  C.  D.  HARBORD. 

AUTHOR  WAITED. — Could  any  reader  kindly 
inform  me  (1)  who  is  the  author  of  the  poem  of 
which  the  first  stanza  runs  : — 

"  Lord  !  for  to-morrow  and  its  needs 

I  do  not  pray — 
Keep  me,  my  God,  from  stain  of  sin 

Just  for  to-day  "  ; 

and  (2)  which  is  the  original  and  correct  version 
of  it,  there  being  several  versions  about  ?  J 
believe  it  was  included  in  a  collection  of  poems 
entitled  '  To-day  and  other  Poems.' 

A.  E.  CAPADOSB. 


]•_'  S.  X.  FKB.  4.  1022.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


95 


JUDITH  COWPER:  MRS.  MADAN. 

(11  S.  x.  27,  97.) 

IF  not  too  late,  I  can  enlighten  MR.  R.  H. 
GRIFFITH,  of  the  University  of  Texas,  about 
the  connexion  of  the  poem  '  Abelard  to 
Eloisa  '  with  William  Pattison. 

1.  The  poem  '  Abelard  to  Eloisa,'  ascribed  | 
both    to    Judith    Cowper    and    to    William  | 
Pattison,    is    undoubtedly    by    the    former. 
It  begins. 

In  my  dark  cell,  low  prostrate  on  the  Ground, 

Mourning  my  Crimes,  thy  Letter  Entrance  found ; 
and  these  words  separate  it  from  two  poems  | 
with  the  same  title  which  were  published  j 
in    1725   and    1783,  and  which  differ  from! 
each  other  and  from  the  present  one. 

William  Pattison,  whose  short  life  was  to 
a  large  extent  passed  in  penury  and  want, 
claimed  the  poem  as  his  own  as  early  as 
1726  (see  the  Memoir  prefixed  to  his  posthu- 
mous 'Works,'  1728,  p.  42;  he  died  in 
1727).  There  can  be  no  doubt  that  he 
gave  way  to  temptation  ;  and  meeting  this  ! 
anonymous  poem  circulated  in  manuscript,  ! 
ventured  to  assert  that  he  was  the  author 
in  order  to  gain  credit  for  himself.  It  was 
accordingly  printed  in  his  '  Works  '  and  is 
identical  with  the  one  printed  later  as 
Judith's.  But,  as  will  be  seen  from  MR. 
ALAN  STEWART'S  reply  to  MR.  GRIFFITH  (US. 
x.  97),  the  poem  was  written  in  1720.  At 
that  time  Pattison,  a  farmer's  son,  was  at 
most  14  years  old,  and  had  not  even  entered 
Appleby  school.  By  no  stretch  of 
imagination  could  he  have  written  such  a 
poem  on  this  subject  at  that  date. 

The  poem,  as  Mr.  Stewart  says,  is  con- 
tained in  Brit.  Mus.  MS.  add.  28101,  which 
is  a  collection  made  by  Ashley  Cowper, 
brother  of  Judith,  a  commonplace  book  (as  it 
used  to  be  called)  of  poems  and  prose 
pieces  which  he  wished  to  set  down  for 
his  own  use  in  conversation  or  recital. 
Many  pieces  are  by  himself  or  by  members 
of  the  Cowper  family,  and  among  them  is 
this  poem,  ascribed  to  his  sister  and  dated 
1720.  Judith  was  born  in  1702,  well 
educated,  a  friend  of  Pope,  accustomed  to 
good  society.  Three  other  poems  of  hers 
are  dated  1720,  including  her  most  ambitious 
effort,  '  The  Progress  of  Poetry.'  She  was 
of  a  modest  and  retiring  nature  and  printed 
nothing  which  she  wrote :  in  fact  the 
'  Abelard  to  Eloisa '  was  never  printed 
separately,  but  only  in  Collections  in  1728 
•  and  1764  as  by  Pattison,  and  in  1755,  1757, 


1782,  &c.,  as  by  "Mrs.  Maclan,"  as  she  had 
then  become.  There  can  be  no  doubt  at  all 
that  Mrs.  Madan  (nee  Judith  Cowper) 
wrote  the  poem.  Mr.  Griffith's  other  points- 
were  answered  by  Mr.  Stewart  (see  above). 

FAMA. 

"  ANGLICA  [OR  RTJSTICA]  GENS,"  &cv 
(10  S.  ii.  405).— If  PROF.  BENSLY  is  still 
interested  in  the  matter,  let  me  say  that  the 
form  "  Anglica  [not  Rustica]  gens  est 
optima  flens,  et  pessima  ridens "  can  be 
carried  back  from  1669  to  at  least  1558r 
in  which  year  died  Robert  Talbot  of  New 
College,  Oxford,  after  making  a  collection  of 
odd  sayings  out  of  old  books.  He  gave  the 
collection  the  name  of  Aurum  ex  stercore, 
and  extracts,  including  the  line  given  above, 
are  printed  in  the  Bodleian  Quarterly  Record, 
vol.  ii.,  p.  145(1918).  FAMA. 

'  N.E.D.'  DINNER  (12  S.  ix.  388).— The 
dinner  was  on  Tuesday,  Oct.  12,  1897,  not 
1899.  It  is  described  at  considerable  length 
in  the  Oxford  papers  of  Saturday,  Oct.  16r 
such  as  Jackson's  Oxford  Journal  and 
The  Oxford  Times.  FAMA. 

D ALSTONS  OF  ACORNBANK  (12  S.  x.  49). — 
In  the  tenth  volume  of  the  new  series  of  the 
Transactions  of  the  Cumberland  and  West- 
morland Antiquarian  and  Archaeological 
Society  is  a  long  (pp.  200-270)  and  careful 
pedigree  of  the  family  of  Dalston.  There  is,, 
so  far  as  I  have  discovered,  no  reference  in  it 
to  any  migration  of  any  members  of  it  to 
Ireland,  but  Dr.  Haswell,  the  author,  states 
at  the  outset  of  the  paper  that  "  considerable 
data  are  incomplete."  In  conjecturing,  there- 
fore, which  of  the  Dalstons  mentioned  in  the 
pedigree  may  have  been  the  founder  of  the 
Irish  family,  it  should  be  remembered  that  any 
particular  Dalston  may  have  had  sons  not 
mentioned  in  Dr.  Haswell's  paper.  Of  those 
mentioned,  if  STEMMA'S  date  of  160J  or  there- 
abouts is  correct,  the  most  likely  to  have 
migrated  is  William,  mentioned  (p.  232)  as 
under  age  at  the  time  of  the  death  of  his 
father,  Robert  Dalston,  son  of  Thomas  of 
Dalston,  at  whose  death  the  family  divided 
into  its  three  branches  :  ( 1 )  of  Dalston, 
(2)  of  Thwaite  in  Greystoke  parish,  (3)  of 
Acornbank.  Robert  Dalston  of  Thwaite 
died  in  1 58 1 ,  and  Dr.  Haswell  can  find  no  trace 
of  William's  subsequent  history.  The  same  is 
true  of  Robert,  son  of  Sir  John  and  grand- 
son of  the  same  Thomas  Dalston  ;  but  as  he 
was  not  baptized  till  1595,  and  may  be  the 
Robert  who  was  buried  in  1595  at  Penrith 


96 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[12S.  X.  FEB.  4,  1922. 


(ib.,  p.  218),  he  does  not  seem  to  me  to  have 
as  good  a  claim  as  William.  There  does  not 
appear  to  be  any  one  in  the  Acornbank 
branch  of  the  family  who  could  have  mi- 
grated to  Ireland  in  or  about  1601. 

JOHN  R.  MAGRATH. 

"  THE  RUNNING  HORSE,"  PICCADILLY  (12 
S.  x.  49). — I  am  noting  MR.  W.  R.  DAVIES' s  j 
information  on  this  inn,  as  it  helps  to  locate  | 
with  greater  precision  its  proximity  to  Hyde  | 
Park  Corner.     Mr.  Davies  will  find  that  it  j 
was  duly  entered  by  me  at  12  S.  vii.  145.     It 
was  one  of  a  group  of  hostelries  that,  like  the 
"Hercules    Pillars  "   (12  S.  vi.   85),  served 
passengers  alighting  from  West  of  England 
•coaches.        Larwood     states     that      "  The 
Running  Horse  "  was  a  very  common  sign, 
but   he   fails   to   supply   topographical   ex- 
amples.    Personally  I  have    met  with  no 
other  house  of  this  name,  which  led  me  to 
suspect — I  trust  I  am  not  guilty  of  a  flagrant ! 
anachronism — that  it  was  inspired  by  "  The 
Running  Footman  "  hard  by  (12  S.  vi.  127). 
I  feel  sure  that  Mr.  Davies  will  share  with  me 
the  hope  that  one  of  the  pewter  tankards  j 
bearing  "  The  Running  Horse  "  inscription, ' 
found  in  the  Piccadilly  excavations,  will  be  j 
lodged  in  the  London  Museum,  an  institution  j 
with    so    many   weighty    claims    to    public 
recognition  and  support. 

J.  PAUL  DE  CASTRO. 

.  I 

"TIME    WITH   A   GIFT  or  TEARS"  (12  S. 
x.    18,  54). — I  add  to  the  protest  of  youri 
correspondent  at  the  last  reference  against  | 
altering   Swinburne's     text   direct   evidence ! 
that    it    was    written    as    it    stands,    and ! 
meant    as   it    stands.     Mr.  James   Douglas, ' 
in  The  Sunday  Times    of    Jan.  22,  records ! 
.a  visit  to  Swinburne  at  the  Pines,  during 
which  the  great  chorus,  including  the  two 
lines  in  question,  was  recited  by  the  poet  | 
himself.     Mr.  Douglas  writes  as  follows  : — 

At  the  end  I   masked   my  emotion  by  asking 
whether  it  was  true  that  he  originally  had  written 
Grief,  with  a  gift  of  tears, 

Time,  with  a  glass  that  ran, 

and  afterwards  had  transposed  "grief"  and 
"  time  "  in  order  to  make  an  alliterative  paradox. 

"  No  1 "  he  thundered,  "  I  never  revise  !  "  He 
went  on  to  explain  that  all  his  verses  were  com- 
pleted in  his  mind  before  he  wrote  a  word,  and 
that  after  he  had  written  them  he  never  altered 
a  line,  a  word,  or  a  comma.  I  do  not  think  he 
ever  altered  a  word.  .  .  .  What  he  had  written, 
;he  had  written. 

Very  diffidently  I  asked  him  whether  his  love 

of  alliteration  had  led  him  to  use  "  gift  "  in  order 

.  to  alliterate  with  "  glass."     Again  he  thundered 

out  a  denial.     There  was  no  other  conceivable 

-or  imaginable  word  ! 


Aldis  Wright  left  for  future  commentators 
this  check  on  ingenuity  : — 

After  a  considerable  experience  I  feel  justified 
in  saying  that  in  most  cases  ignorance  and  con- 
ceit are  the  fruitful  parents  of  conjectural  emenda- 
tion. 

V.  R. 

In  regard  to  the  quotation  from  Shelley, 
'  P.U.,'  Act  I.,  11.  344-346,  if  H.  K.  ST.  J.  S. 
will  insert  a  comma  after  "  gnash,"  delete 
the  comma  after  "  fire  "  and  place  it  after 
"  wail"  as  in  the  "  Oxford  "  Shelley,  there 
will  not  be  any  incitement  to  some  idiot 
to  transpose  "  gnash  "  and  "  wail." 

W.  A.  HUTCHISON. 

32,  Hotham  Road,  Putney,  S.W. 

LAND  MEASUREMENT  TERMS  (12  S.  x. 
48). — "  Wylot  "  is  probably  the  same  as 
warlot  or  warnot,  both  well-known  Lin- 
colnshire terms  for  "  some  kind  of  waste  or 
common  lands,"  perhaps  connected  with 
warland,  "  agricultural  land  held  by  a 
villein."  Ware  is  "  field  produce,  crop,  vege- 
tables." Warlots,  then,  are  apparently  cul- 
tivated lands  as  distinct  from  pasture ; 
arable  lands  in  the  common  field  (see 
*  N.E.D.'  and  Peacock's  '  Glossary'). 

"  Gad,"  among  other  things,  is  a  measuring- 
rod  for  land,  hence  a  division  in  an  open 
pasture,  in  Lincolnshire  usually  6Jft. 
wide  ('N.E.D.'  and  Peacock).  In  "  bi- 
land  "  or  "  byland,"  by  may  have  its  sense 
of  "  outside  of,"  "  beside,"  as  in  byland 
or  biland,  a  peninsula  (1577-1630)  ('N.E.D.'). 
As  an  agricultural  term,  perhaps  land  in 
some  way  separate  from  the  rest. 

"  Gildam "  is  the  accusative  of  gilda,  a 
money  payment  or  tribute,  in  this  case 
Id.  per  gad.  J.  T.  F. 

Winterton,  Lines. 

PRINCIPAL  LONDON  TAVERNS  OF  THE 
EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY  :  "  THE  SWAN 
TAVERN,"  CHELSEA  (12  S.  vi.  144).— These 
premises,  the  freehold  of  Christopher  Kemp- 
ster of  Chelsea,  gentleman,  a  grandson  of 
Christopher  Kempster  of  Burford,  Oxon,  one 
of  Wren's  master  masons,  were,' by  his  will, 
proved  Oct.  11,  1770  (P.C.C.),  left  to  his 
three  sons,  John,  Christopher  and  James. 
They  were  then  in  the  occupation  of  Michael 
Tool.  In  the  will  of  his  son,  James  Kempster, 
proved  April  4,  1794  (P.C.C.),  the  premises 
are  referred  to  as  "  in  Swan  Walk,  formerly 
called  the  Swan  Tavern,  and  now  in  the 
occupation  of  Mr.  Joseph  Munday."  I  am 
informed  that  a  toyshop  at  the  corner  of 
Church  Street  and  Cheyne  Walk  stands 


12  S.  X.  FEE:  4,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


97 


on  the  site  of  the  Swan  Tavern  ;     certainly 
there  is  a  signboard  there  depicting  a  swan, 
but  Swan  Walk  is  some  little  distance  away. 
E.  ST.  JOHN  BROOKS. 

FREEDOM  OF  A  CITY  (12  S.  ix.  489; 
x.  55). — The  grant  of  the  freedom  of  a  city 
gratis  frequently  occurred  through  a  desire 
bo  propitiate  some  great  man  by  advancing 
>me  protege  or  dependent  of  his.  Examples 
taken  from  the  '  York  Freemen's  Roll ' 
(Surtees  Soc.)  are: — 

1627.  William  Barwick,  innholder,  my  lo[rd] 
ji[ayor]  gratis.  [Evidently  at  the  request  of  the 
Lord  Mayor,  who  in  that  year,  according  to 
Drake  ('Hist,  of  York')  was  Blias  Micklethwaite.J 

1651.  John  Catlin,  bricklayer,  at  Lord  Fairefax 
request  gratis. 

The  honour  was  afterwards  given  to  great 
men  in  their  own  persons,  e.g., 

1658.  John  Hewley,  esq.  gratis. 
Similarly,  in  1745,  William,  Duke  of  Cumber- 
land, received  the  honour,  and  William  Pitt 
in  1757. 

Earlier  examples  than  the  above  might  be 
found  by  a  careful  search,  but  as  the  Roll 
between  the  years  1272  and  1760  contains 
over  36,500  names,  this  would  prove  a 
.somewhat  formidable  task. 

The  freedom  was  also  given  without 
payment  in  cases  where  it  was  policy  to 
encourage  those  to  take  up  their  residence 
who  by  their  skill  or  talents  would  bring 
honour  or  profit  to  the  city.  Examples  of 
this  are  : — 

1667.  Will  Padget,  musicon,  gratis. 

1679.  Nathan  Harrison,  musition,  gratis* 

The  freedom  was  also  granted  as  a  reward 
for  presents  made  to  the  corporation  or 
city,  the  giver  evidently  expecting  the 
freedom  again  in  return.  In  1731,  e.g., 
Henry  Hindley,  the  clockmaker  and  friend 
of  Smeaton,  was  presented  with  the  freedom 
"  in  consideration  of  his  making  and 
presenting  a  very  good  and  handsome 
eight  days  clock  and  case  for  the  Lord 
Mayor's  house,  and  another  for  the  common 
hall,  and  taking  care  of  the  same  for  one 
year."  Charles  Mitley,  the  statuary  and 
carver,  having  in  1739  carved  a  figure  of 
George  II.  and  presented  it  to  the  corpora- 
tion, was  granted  the  freedom  of  the  city 
gratis.  ( Vide  also  '  Glass -painters  of  York,' 
William  Peckitt,  12  S.  ix.  323.) 

The  above  examples  are  all  of  the  full 
freedom,  as  opposed  to  the  honorary  title 
only,  being  conferred.  This  entitled  the 
recipient  to  a  vote  at  all  elections,  to  the 
right  to  his  sons  becoming  themselves 
*free  on  attaining  twenty-one  years  of  age, 


j  to  joint  ownership  in  the  strays  around  the 
city  and  free  pasturage  thereon  for  his 
horses  and  cattle,  and  to  his  share  in  the 
proceeds  derived  from  the  rents  paid  by 
non -freemen  for  pasturing  their  flocks  and 
herds,  the  sale  of  hay  and  hire  of  land  for 
race-meetings,  &c.  The  amount  received 
by  the  freemen  of  the  different  wards 
therefore  varied  according  to  the  greater 
or  lesser  value  of  the  land  they  owned 

I  and  the  several  purposes  for  which  it  was 
used.  JOHN  A.  KNOWLES. 

ADAH  ISAACS  MENKEN'S  '  INFELICIA'  (12S. 
x.    32,    79). — Alfred    Concanen    was    Adah 
Menken's  illustrator.     He  was  an  admirable 
artist  and  did  other  work  for  Hotten,  the 
publisher,  as  well  as  for  Hotten's  successors, 
j  Chatto     and    Windus.      Concanen     re-drew 
I  the  designs  in  Artemus  Ward's  panorama 
for  the  illustrated  edition  of  the  lecture,  and 
made  designs  for  novels    by  Wilkie  Collins 
1  and  various  stories  published  among  Chatto's 
I  Piccadilly    Novels.       Concanen     afterwards 
i  joined  a  man  named  Lee,  and  established 
!  with  him  the  lithographic  firm  of  Concanen 
and  Lee.     They  specialized  in  drawing  and 
j  printing   the   covers   of   songs   and   dances. 
j  Amongst  Concanen' s  work  of    this    kind  is 
I  the  cover  of  Gwyllym  Crowe's   '  See  Saw  ' 
i  waltz,  but  I  have  seen  nothing  by  Concanen 
|  which    equalled   the    designs   for   Menken's 
I  *  Infelicia.'      Concanen  was   subject   to  fits, 
and  was  picked  up  insensible  one  night  by  a 
constable.  *  Supposed  to  be  drunk,  he  was 
put  in  a  police  cell  and  was  found  in  the 
morning  to  be  dead.     I  knew  Lee  and  he  told 
me  of   Concanen's  end.      He  showed   me  a 
i  paragraph  which  had  appeared  in  The  London 
Figaro  on  the  matter.     This  was  in  1897  or 
1898,  so  it  is  probable   that   Concanen  had 
not  then  been  dead  more  than  a  year  or  two. 
The  portrait  of  Menken  in  '  Infelicia '  was 
probably  engraved  from  a  photograph  which 
is  reproduced  in  H.  G.  Hibbert's  '  A  Play- 
goer's Memories'    (1920).     The  photograph 
and   engraving,   however,    differ   somewhat. 
The  engraver  may  have  been  C.  Jeens,  as  he 
did  similar  work  for  the  frontispieces  of  Mac- 
millan's  Golden  Treasury  Series.     Jeens  and 
Finden  were  amongst  the  best  steel  engravers 
of  the  time.  J.  H.  M. 

THE  TBOUTBECK  PEDIGREE  (12  S.  x.  21, 
77). — DR.  HAMILTON  HALL'S  special  pleading 
will  not  avail  in  face  of  the  clear  statement 
in  the  Cheshire  inquisition  taken  in  1512, 
after  Sir  William  Troutbeck's  death,  that  his 
heir  was  Margaret,  wife  of  John  Talbot  and 


98 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[12  8.  X.  FEB.  4,  1022. 


daughter  of  Sir  William's  brother  Adam  j 
Trout  beck.  The  "  children "  who  were 
"named"  in  the  deeds  referred  to  in  Sir  | 
William's  will  were  no  doubt  prospective ; 
children,  for  the  deeds  were  dated  at  the1 
time  of  the  marriage ;  i.e.,  they  were ! 
"  named  "  as  "  children  "  merely.  Had  Sir  ! 
William  left  any  children  they  would  have  • 
been  the  heirs  to  his  extensive  estates.  But  | 
there  was  110  dispute  and  the  Talbots  had 
everything. 

The  main  line  of  the  Troutbeck  descent  is ! 
perfectly  clear.    William  Troutbeck,  Cham- 1 
berlain   of   Chester,    died   about   December, 
1444.     His   son   and  heir .  John   Troutbeck,  I 
also    Chamberlain,    died    in    August,     1458. ! 
His  son  and  heir,  Sir  William  Troutbeck,  was 
killed  at  Blore  Heath  on  Sept.  23,  1459.    The 
Sir  William  named    above,  then  about  ten  , 
years  old,  was  his  son  and  heir.     He  fought ! 
for  Henry  VII.  at  Bosworth  and  was  made  a 
knight  at  Stoke  in  1487.     He  died  Sept,  8, ; 
1510,  and  his  heir  was  his  niece  Margaret  i 
Talbot,  as  the  inquisition  states. 

Some  old  pedigrees  give  the  first  William's  ! 
father  as  Adam  Troutbeck  ;  and  one  of  this ; 
name  was  known  in  Cheshire,  being  plaintiff  j 
in  1366  (Chester  Plea  Roll  69,  m.  31).  But  j 
evidence  of  the  descent  is  lacking. 

J.  BBOWNBILL. 

SIB  THOMAS  DINGLEY  (US.  ix.  6).— To  the ! 
account  given  at  the  above  reference  of  this ! 
Knight  of  Malta  should  be  added  the  follow- 
ing from  Mgr.  Canon  A.  Mifstid's  '  The  j 
English  Knights  Hospitallers  in  Malta,' ; 
at  p.  202  : — 

He  had  been  received  into  the  Order  on  the 
2nd  May   1526,  and  his  proofs  of  nobility  were 
approved    on    24th    September     1528.     He    had 
come  to  Malta  with  the  Order  on  the  galleys,  in  : 
which    he    was    described    as    a    caravanist, — as  i 
appears  from  the  list  furnished  by  the  Tongue  ; 
on  30th  March  1530.     He  was  *the  first  procura-  i 
tor  of  his  Alberge  in  Malta.     On  the  9th  January  ! 
1531  he  obtained  the  Commandery  of  Baddisley ! 
and  Maine.     On  the  20th  February  of  the  same : 
year  he  was  allowed  to  proceed    to  England  to  ; 
reside  on  his  Commandery.     On  the   1 6th  April 
1534  he  was  again  in  the  Alberge  in  Malta,  seeking 
confirmation  in  the  benefice  of  Stonesgate  con-  i 
ferred  on  him  by  the  Provincial  Chapter  of   the  j 
Tongue,  and  he  left  for  England  in  December  1535. 
Arrived  in  London  he  obtained  the   Commandery  i 
of     the    Hospital     of    Shingay,    to    which    Sir  | 
Ambrose     Cave    laid    claim    in    Malta    on    20th  I 
February  1537. 

At  p.  44  Mgr.  Mifsud  writes  : — 

The  manor  of  Hampton  Court  with  other  lands 
forming  part  of  the  Grand  Prior's  estate,  were  \ 
[sic]   exchanged   in    1532  with  the  monastery  of ; 
Stanesgate  and  its  dependencies,  and  the  manor 
and   lands   at  Franckford   were   exchanged   with 


Kilburn  Priory,  when  the  lesser  monasteries 
were  suppressed,  and  Cardinal  Wolseley  founded 
Oxford  College,  afterwards  named  Christ 
College.  The  deer  park  between  Paddington 
and  Hampstead  received  by  the  Prior  with 
Kilburn  retains  to  this  day  the  name  of  St.  John's 
Wood. 

The  Cluniac  monastery  at  Stanesgate 
or  Stangate  was  a  cell  of  the  great  Priory 
of  Lewis  and  was  situated  in  a  hamlet  in 
Essex-  five  miles  south-east  of  Maldon. 
It  was  suppressed  by  Cardinal  Wolsey  not, 
it  is  clear,  in  order  to  found  Cardinal  College, 
afterwards  named  Christ  Church,  but  in  order 
to  build  himself  the  Palace  of  Hampton 
Court.  The  Benedictine  nunnery  of  Kilburn 
was  suppressed  by  Act  of  Parliament  in  1536, 
and  not  by  Cardinal  Wolsey.  As  the  Order 
of  the  Knights  of  St.  John  was  suppressed 
in  England  on  May  7,  1540,  it  would  seem  not 
very  likely  that  St.  John's  Wood  is  so  called 
because  it  belonged  to  the  Grand  Prior 
between  some  time  in  1536  and  May,  1540. 

In  the  reign  of  Queen  Elizabeth  the  deer 
park  in  question  was  known  as  Marybone 
Park,  and  it  is  recorded  that 
on  the  third  of  February,  1600,  the  ambassa- 
dors from  the  Emperor  of  Russia,  and  other 
Muscovites,  rode  through  the  city  of  London  to 
Marybone  Park,  and  there  hunted  at  their  plea- 
sure, and  shortly  after  returned  homeward. 

When  is  St.  John's  Wood  first  mentioned 
by  this  name  ?  Where  were  the  lands  at 
"  Franckford "  that  were  exchanged  for 
Kilburn  ? 

It  may  be  mentioned  that  Sir  Roger 
Boy  dell,  who  was  Sir  Thomas  Dingley's 
predecessor  in  the  united  preceptories  of 
Baddesley  and  Friars'  Mayne,  was  elected 
Turcopolier  Feb.  25,  1533,  on  the  depriva- 
tion of  Sir  Clement  West,  and  died  in  Malta 
before  Feb.  15,  1535,  when  Sir  John  Rawson 
was  appointed  Turcopolier. 

Sir  Thomas  Dingley's  mother  was  a  sister 
of  Sir  William  Weston.  Is  it  known  who 
his  father  was  ? 

JOHN  B.  WAIXE  WRIGHT. 

THE  HOUSE  OF  HARCOURT  (12  S.  ix. 
409,  453,  495,  514  ;  x.  15,  37,  77).— It  may 
be  critically  assumed  that  Dudo  stated 
accurately  the  belief  of  the  Normans  of  his 
day,  say  ^996- 1026,  that  their  grandfathers 
or  great-grandfathers  came  from  Denmark 
and  were  Danes.  This  he  states  directly 
and  indirectly  many  times,  for  example,  of 
William  I.  he  speaks,  "  gloriosissimus  dux, 
comes  Willelmus.  .  .  ex  prosapia  insigne, 
patre  Daco,  scilicet  Rollone  "  ('  De  Moribus 
.  .  .  ducumNorm.,'  Bk.  n.,c.  xxxvi.).  Again, 


12  S.  X.  FEB.  4,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


99 


he  states  Hollo's  marriage  to  Poppa,  Franci- 
gena,  to  have  been  celebrated  "  more  danico." 
As  to  Bernard  the  Dane,  nowhere  stated 
to  be  a  kinsman  of  the  Dukes  of  Normandy 
(id.,  c.  xl.),  "  Willelmus  dux  Dacorum 
.  .  .  convocavit  principes  Northmannorum 
.  .  .  quidam  Bernardus  secretorum  Willehni 
ducis  conscius  Bothoque  domus  princeps 
.  .  .  dixerunt  :  Cum  patre  tuo  Rollone  olim 
Dacia  exterminati  .  .  ."  ;  and  inc.  xlv.  of  the 
same  book  : — 

Dixit  [Willelmus]  ad  Bernardum  Dacigenam 
militem  :  "  Ibo  ad  Bernardum  Silvaneclenseru 
avunculum  meum."  Tune  Dacigena  Bernardus 
%-espondet :  "  Navigio  Daciam  nostrae  nativitatis 
terrain  .  .  ." 

L.     GRIFFITH. 

BEAUCHAMP  :  MOSELEY  :  WOODHAM 
(12  S.  x.  31).— There  was  a  Sir  John  Beau- 
champ  of  Fyfield,  Essex  (E.  II.  Roll),  who 
bore,  Argent  a  lion  rampant  sable,  crowned 
gules.  See  '  Some  Feudal  Coats  of  Arms 
and  Pedigrees  '  (Foster). 

The  arms  of  several  others  of  this  name 
are  also  given  in  this  work,  but  the  above- 
mentioned  Sir  John  is  the  only  one  de- 
scribed therein  as  being  of  Essex. 

FREDERIC    CROOKS. 

'THE  INGOLDSBY  LEGENDS'  (12  S.  x. 
33).—'  Spectre  of  Tappington '  (p.  27)— 
Bridgewater  Prize.  This  may  be  a 
reference  to  money  left  by  Francis,  Duke 
of  Bridgewater,  about  1829,  to  reward 
essayists  chosen  by  the  President  of  the 
Royal  Society  to  write  dissertations  On  sub- 
jects which  display  the  power,  wisdom 
and  goodness  of  God. 

'  Wedding  Day  '  (p.  435  note).  Baron 
Duberly  is  a  clownish  fellow  who  bears 
a  title  in  '  The  Heir  at  Law,'  by  George 
Colman  the  younger. 

'  Blasphemer's  Warning '  (p.  442). 
"  Honest  John  Capgrave "  earned  his 
character  between  1393  and  1464.  He  is 
well  known  to  historical  students  and  the 
footnote  attached  to  the  mention  of  him  by 
"  Ingoldsby  "  gives  some  information  about 
him.  I  think  the  question  SIR  WILLIAM 
BULL  putsas  to  "  Curina  "  is  also  answered 
at  the  bottom  of  p.  459.  ST.  SWITHIN. 

'  Old  Woman  Clothed  in  Grey ' — Jem 
Bland.  "  Sylvanus,"  writing  of  Doncaster 
in  1832,  says :  "  Then  Jemmy  Bland,  an 
atrocious  '  leg '  of  the  ancient  top-booted 
semi-highwayman  school,  and  old  Crockey 
got  set  by  the  ears  like  two  worn- out  mas- 
'  tiffs,"  &c.— John  Wright.  probably  the 


political  bookseller  in  Piccadilly  ;  died, 
1844.  See  'D.N.B.' 

'  Spectre  of  Tappington  ' — Bridgewater 
Prize.  Francis,  Earl  of  Bridgewater,  died 
in  1829,  and  left  £8,000  to  be  paid  to  the 
authors  of  eight  essays  setting  forth  the 
power,  &c.,  of  God  in  Creation. 

'  Penance.' — Mr.  Muntz,  M.P.,  reformer, 
died  1857.  See  '  D.N.B. 

'  Black  Mousquetaire.' — John  E.  Widdi- 
combe,  ring-master  at  Astley's. — Thomas 
Tompion  oied  1713.  Father  of  English 
watchmaking.  See  '  D.N.B.'  —  Squire 

Hayne  was  known  as  "  pea-green  Hayne." 
Maria  Foote,  the  actress,  recovered  damages 
from  him  for  breach  of  promise  and  secured 
much  popular  sympathy.  Mr.  Hayne  (or 
Haynes)  was  patron  and  backer  of  Edward 
Baldwin  (d.  1831),  the  heavyweight  pugilist 
called  "  white-headed  Bob."  See  '  Pugi- 
listica.' 

'  Babes  in  the  Wood.' — Cotton  prob- 
ably refers  to  the  antiquary,  Sir  R.  B. 
Cotton,  d.  1631.  See  'D.N.B.' 

'  Dead  Drummer.' — Charles  Wetherall. 
Sir  Charles  Wetherall,  M.P.,  recorder  of 
Bristol,  d.  1846.  See  'D.N.B.'  In  Gre- 
ville's  '  Memoirs  '  mention  is  made  of  him 
speaking  in  the  House  when  his  only  lucid 
interval  was  that  which  appeared  between 
his  waistcoat  and  trousers  ! 

'  Row   in   Omnibus    (Box).'       The   Tam- 
burini  Row  was  in  April,  1840.     "  Doldrum  " 
was    Pierre    Francois    Laporte,    director    of» 
the  Italian  Opera. 

'  Blasphemer's  Warning.' — John  Capgrave, 
d.  1464.  See  •'  D.N.B.' 

'  Hermann.' — Sir  John  Nicholl,  d.  1838  ; 
a  judge.  See  '  D.N.B. 

'  Witches'  Frolic.'  —  Cummers,  also 
Kimmers  (Scotch),  a  familiar  term  for  a 
female  gossip. 

•  Nell  Cook.'— Thomas  Wright,  "  Old  ?  " 
antiquary,  d.  1877.  See  '  D.N.B.' 

W.  BRADBROOKE. 

Bletchley. 

ERGHUM  (12  S.  x.  9,  55). — There  are  many 
references  to  this  family  in  the  '  Chartulary 
of  the  Priory  of  Bridlington,'  by  the  late 
W.  T.  Lancaster,  F.S.A.  G.  D.  LUMB. 

AUTHORS  WANTED  (12  S.  x.  49). — 2.  '  Margaret's 
Tomb.'  This  is  made  up  of  three  verses  (the 
fourth,  fifth  and  twelfth)  of  '  William  and 
Margaret,'  by  David  Malloch  or  Mallet  (1705  ?- 
1765).  All  three  verses  are  slightly  altered. 
'  William  and  Margaret '  was  written  about 
1723,  and  first  published  anonymously  in  black 
letter  (see,  according  to  the  '  D.N.B.,'  '  N.  &  Q.,' 
7  S.  ii.  411).  The  poem  contains  a  fragment  of  a 


ioo 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


("12S.  X.  FEB.  4,  1022. 


real  old  ballad,  which  is  quoted  in  Beaumont  and 
Fletcher's  '  Knight  of  the  Burning  Pestle.' 

IOLO  A.  WILLIAMS. 


3. 


(12   S.   x.    50.) 

"So  he  kept  his  spirits  up 

By  pouring  spirits  down." 


It  is  recorded  in  chap.  iii.  of  Part  II.  of  '  The 
Further  Adventures  of  Mr.  Verdant  Green,  the 
Oxford  Freshman,'  that  Mr.  Bouncer  whispered 
this  couplet  to  Charles  Larkyns,  but  I  hesitate 
to  assert  that  it  originated  with  him.  It  savours 
of  Hood,  but  I  cannot  trace  it  in  his  works. 

WlLLOUGHBY    MAYCOCK. 


JJote*  on 


Prints  of  British  Military  Operations.  A  Cata- 
logue Raisonne,  with  Historical  Descriptions 
covering  the  Period  from  the  Norman  Conquest 
to  the  Campaign  in  Abyssinia.  By  C.  de  W. 
Crookshank.  (London  :  Adlard  and  Son 
and  West  Newman,  £22  s.  ;  with  Portfolio, 
£10  10s.) 

THE  appearance  of  this  fine  work,  of  which  the 
King  has  accepted  a  copy,  coincides  very  happily 
with  a  strong  revival  of  interest  in  military 
history  and  antiquities.  Lieut.  -Colonel  Crook- 
shank  is  secure  of  full  appreciation,  not  only  of 
the  beauty  and  value  of  the  finished  book  but 
also  of  the  lavish  care,  the  enthusiasm,  and  we 
may  say  the  enjoyment  which  obviously  went 
to  the  making  of  it. 

The  only  medieval  illustrations  of  British 
military  operations  belonging  to  that  period  are 
those  taken  from  fifteenth-century  illuminated 
MSS.  of  which  plates  have  been  inserted  in  the 
1844  edition  of  Froissart.  These  are  described 
in  the  Catalogue  .  The  next  in  tune  which  approach 
to  being  contemporary  with  the  events  delineated 
are  three  prints  of  Henry  VIII.  's  Boulogne  Expedi- 
tion, from  drawings  made  by  S.  H.  Grimm  in 
1786,  after  old  paintings  at  Cowdray,  which 
perished  in  the  fire  there.  The  first  action  of 
which  an  illustration  is  here  reproduced  is  the 
fight  at  Carberry  Hill,  from  Vertue's  engraving 
in  Kensington  Palace.  The  siege  of  Grave 
by  Count  Maurice  in  1602,  a  contemporary 
French  etching  —  being  a  combined  plan  and 
sketch  of  operations  —  is  of  *unusual  interest. 
Colonel  Crookshank  has  fifteen  entries  relating  to 
the  Civil  War  ;  and  reproduces  Dupuis'  engrav- 
ing of  ParrocePs  '  Battle  of  Naisby.'  As  he 
truly  says,  it  is  much  to  be  regretted  that  this 
important  chapter  in  the  military  history  of 
Britain  is  so  poorly  represented  in  contemporary 
art  —  and  the  more  so  because  Prince  Rupert 
himself  was  of  no  mean  skill  as  a  draughtsman  and 
engraver.  With  the  end  of  the  seventeenth 
century  we  come  to  more  numerous  contemporary 
pictures  of  battles,  and  likewise  to  the  amusing 
development  of  "  fakes."  A  telling  example  of 
this  is  given  almost  at  the  outset  in  a  '  Siege 
of  Athlone  '  made  by  altering  the  background 
and  changing  the  numbered  references  of  de  Hooge's 
plate  of  '  Londonderri.'  A  very  interesting 
plate  is  that  of  four  playing-cards,  by  Spofforth, 
representing  the  attack  on  Vigo,  the  taking  of 
Bonn,  Maryborough's  march  into  Germany,  and  the 
taking  of  Gibraltar.  Coloureed  plates,  admirably 


reproduced,  give  us  « The  Battle  of  Dettingen ' 
(contemporary,  Pano  after  Daremberg)  ;  '  The 
Landing  of  the  Cape  Breton  Expedition  at  Louis  - 
bourg '  (contemporary,  Brooks  after  J.  Stevens) ; 
and  '  The  Taking  of  Quebec  '  (Laurie  and  Whittle). 
'  The  Conquest  of  Buenos  Ayres,'  a  scarce  contem- 
porary wood-cut  (G.  Thompson)  will  delight  both 
the  print-collector  and  the  military  historian. 
Under  the  heading  '  Napoleonic  Wars  '  166  prints 
and  series  of  prints  are  catalogued,  and  of  the 
Waterloo  Campaign  between  60  and  70.  The 
last  of  the  plates  in  the  book  is  by  A.  Concanen, 
of  whom  an  account  will  be  found  at  ante, 

;p.  79,  97 — a  lithograph,  from  a  sketch  by  a  Staff 
nicer,  of  the  Storming  of  Magdala. 
The  sixteen  reproductions  in  the  portfolio, 
ranging  from  Blenheim  to  Sevastopol  are  &» 
delightful  as  they  are  instructive.  Here  is  a 
charming  view  (by  Clark  and  Hamble,  after  Craig) 
of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  as  it  originally  appeared, 
with  a  panel  in  bistre  below  depicting  the  battle 
of  1806.  One  of  the  most  effective  plates  is  that 
of  the  storming  of  Monte  Video — a  moonlight 
scene  by  Clark  and  Dubourg,  after  Lt.- General 
Robinson.  Another  gives  a  most  curious  por- 
trait of  Wellington,  followed  by  his  staff  and 
principal  officers  and  riding  towards  a  bird's-eye 
view  of  Waterloo— by  Fry  and  Sutherland,  after 
Heath.  Colonel  Crookshank  has  also  included  the 
fine  pair  of  plates,  each  with  its  key,  by  Moses 
and  Lewis,  after  Wright,  of  the  battles  of  Vittoria 
and  the  Pyrenees,  and  a  most  interesting  '  Battle 
of  Chillianwalah,'  engraved  from  a  drawing  by 
Charles  Becher  Young,  and  originally  published 
in  Calcutta. 

Those  who  have  made  any  study  of  the  subject 
will  know  how  much  such  a  collection  will  yield 
in  the  matter  of  what  we  may  call  regimental 
interest  —  in  spite  of  the  caution  with  which 
these  data  have  necessarily  to  be  used.  It  is, 
then,  not  only  the  print-collector  but  also  the 
military  historian  who  has  reason  to  be  grateful 
to  Colonel  Crookshank  for  the  extreme  nicety  with 
which  the  reproductions  have  been  carried  out. 
The  operations  dealt  with  number  fifty-two,  and 
a  short  summary  of  the  history  appertaining  to 
each  is  prefixed  to  the  several  sections  of  the 
catalogue. 


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101 


LONDON,  FEBRUARY  11,  1922. 


CONTENTS.— No.   200. 

NOTES  :— Sir  Kichard  Willys.  Traitor,  101— Principal  London 
Coffee-houses,  Taverns  and  Inns  of  the  Eighteenth  Century, 
102 — Commonwealth  Marriages  and  Burials  in  the  Aldeburgh 
^Register  Book,  104 — The  Twenty-four  Hour  Clock — Ap- 
prentices to  and  from  Overseas,  106 — East  London  Coffee- 
houses, 107. 

UERtES  :— '  La  Santa  Parentela,'  107— Eighteenth- century 
Poets— Colonel  Charles  Whitefoord,  108 — White  of  Sel- 
borne :  Portrait  wanted — Ornithologists — Early  Irish  Volun- 
teers— Regimental  Chaplains.  H.M.  65th  Regiment — Anglo- 
Saxon  Riddle,  '  The  Cuckoo ' — De  Haryngy — Armageddon 
Chapel,  Clifton— Lady  Guildford,  109— Croft  of  Barforth : 
Leedes  of  North  Milford— Samuel  Hartlib— Chevalier  Schaub 
— The  H6tel  Vouillemont — James  Conway— Edward  Capern 
— Heraldic  Mottoes— Pirnlico — Huguenot  Bible — Lord  Bea- 
consfleld  and  Ude  the  Cook— Joseph  Auterac,  110— Sir 
Richard  Blackmore — Mayhew — Great  Public  Schools- 
King  and  Ormiston  Families — Authors  wanted,  111. 

REPLIES :— The  Troutbeck  Pedigree.  Ill— Meiler  Magrath, 
Archbishop  of  Cashel — Launching  of  Ships,  112 — Blue 
Beard — De  Kemplen's  Automaton  Chess-player — Cole-  or 
Coale-rents — Charm  of  St.  Colme — Bears,  113 — British 
Settlers  hi  America — Brewers'  Company — Pictures  in  the 
Hermitage  at  Petrograd,  114 — Surnames  as  Christian 
Names — The  Arms  of  Leeds — Dante's  Beard — Baron  Grant 
— Adah  Isaacs  Menken's  '  Infelicia ' — John  Wesley's  First 
Publication— '  British  Melodies— Welsh  Map  sought— "  To 
burn  one's  boats,"  115 — Final  "  den  "  in  Kentish  Place- 
names — Translation  of  Motto  required — Smokers'  Folk-lore 
— Spelling  of  "  Champagne  " — Ceremonial  Vestments  of  the 
Judiciary — The  English  "  h  "  :  Celtic,  Latin  and  German 
Influences,  116 — Vice-Admiral  Sir  Christopher  Mings — 
Prime  Minister — Inscriptions  on  an  Icon,  117 — The  Papal 
Triple  Crown — Freedom  of  a  City — Authors  wanted,  118 
— Matthew  Arnold :  Reference  sought,  119. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS :— '  Life  of  Henry,  Third  Earl  of  South- 
ampton ' — '  Calendar  of  Entries  in  Papal  Registers ' — 
4  Hampshire.' 

NOTICES  TO  CORRESPONDENTS 


SIR    RICHARD   WILLYS,   TRAITOR. 

THE  last  volume  of  the  '  Nicholas  Papers,' 
recently  published,  has  thrown  some  addi- 
tional light  upon  the  treachery  of  Sir  Richard 
Willys  of  the  "  Sealed  Knot,"  and  sets  out 
the  notice  posted  upon  the  Exchange  by 
George  Paule  in  1659  denouncing  Willys  as 
a  traitor.  And  as  Sir  Samuel  Morland's 
"  Narrative"  of  Willys's  treason  was  printed 
in  1913  in  the  Rev.  Dr.  John  Willcock's 
*  Life  of  Sir  Henry  Vane  the  younger,'  at 
last  we  are  getting  to  the  bottom  of  a 
curious  and  little  understood  story,  about 
which  all  the  older  writers  are  more  or  less 
in  error. 

Two  questions,  however,  remain  to  be 
settled  ;  and  the  first  is  one  of  very  great 
historical  importance.  The  first  is,  when 
did  Sir  Richard  Willys  first  commence  be- 
traying the  Royalists  into  Cromwell's  hands  ? 
Mr.  Firth,  in  his  'Last  Years  of  the  Protecto- 
ftite '  (i.  p.  30),  states  that  Willys's  treason 


did  not  begin  before  1656,  but  hardly 
gives  direct  evidence  in  support  of  this 
assertion. 

The  second  question  is,  what  defence  did 
Willys  offer  when  the  inquiry  into  his  con- 
duct was  held  in  1660.  On  May  15,  1660, 
Willys  was  condemned,  but  was  pardoned  on 
condition  that  he  never  again  came  into  the 
King's  presence  or  entered  into  the  "  verge 
of  the  Court." 

The  first  question  is  answered  to  some 
extent  by  Willys's  petition  to  Cromwell  in 
1654,  and  the  second  by  his  signed  defence 
read  at  the  inquiry  in  1660.  Both  docu- 
ments are  to  be  found  in  the  State  Papers. 

The  editress  of  the  Calendar  of  Domestic 
State  Papers  for  1654  made  no  reference 
whatever  to  the  petition  in  her  index  to  the 
Calendar,  either  under  the  name  "  Willis  " 
(by  which  she  persistently  misdescribes 
Sir  Richard)  or  under  the  name  "  Willys," 
as  he  himself  wrote  it.  So  that,  in  the  first 
place,  I  must  point  out  that,  nevertheless, 
she  prints  her  version  of  the  petition  on  p. 
293  of  the  Calendar  for  1654  under  the  date 
of  "  Aug.  10."  I  quote  this  before  setting 
out  the  document  itself  : — 

Aug.  10.  Petition  of  Rich.  Willis  [sic]  prisoner 
in  the  Tower,  to  the  protector.  I  have  been  close 
prisoner  since  26  May  last,  but  neither  loss  of 
liberty  nor  friends  so  burdens  me  as  the  fear  pi 
having  fallen  into  your  displeasure.  I  hope  in 
your  compassion  that  you  will  accept  sufficient 
bail  to  my  enlargement,  and  I  will  express  my 
gratitude  by  obedience.  Also  I  still  beg  a  licence 
to  transport  some  Irishmen  to  serve  the  Vene- 
tians against  the  Turks,  engaging  for  the  faithful 
performance  of  my  propositions.  With  refer- 
ence thereon  to  Council  [1  page]. 

There  are  some  more  references  in  the 
same  Calendar  to  Sir  Richard  Willys. 

On  p.  436,  under  the  date  of  June  2, 
a  warrant  to  Serj.  Dendy  for  Sir  Richard's 
arrest  and  committal  to  the  Tower  is  en- 
tered. Yet  in  both  petition  and  defence 
he  asserts  that  he  was  arrested  in.  May. 
Where  and  why  had  he  been  kept  prisoner 
I  before  his  final  committal  to  the  Tower  on 
June  2  ? 

And  on  p.  354,  apparently  under  the 
date  of  Sept.  1,  there  is  Cromwell'^  Council's 
report.  Yet  it  was  not  acted  upon. 

Sir  Richard  Willys's  petition  runs  as 
follows  : — 

To  his  highness  the  lord  protector  of  England, 
Scotland  and  Ireland. 

The  humble  petition  of  Richard  Willis  now 
prisoner  hi  ye  Tower.  Sheweth 

That  though  your  petitioner  hath  been  close 
prisoner  since  the  26th  of  May  last ;  yet,  neither 
the  loss  of  his  liberty,  which  was  all, his  wealth, 


102 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         t»s.xito.ii,i»M. 


nor  ye  raisse  of  his  friends,  nor  ye  unhappinesse 
of  his  necessitous  condition  are  halfe  so  burden- 
some to  him  as  ye  apprehension  of  having  fallen 
into  your  highness  displeasure. 

Which  would  discourage  your  petitioner  from 
humbly  beseeching  your  highness  to  accept  of 
sufficient  baile  for  his  inlargement  if  he  had  not 
a  hope  that  your  highness'  great  compassion  and 
generosity  will  extend  it  selfe  to  your  petitioner, 
whose  gratitude  and  inocensie  shall  ever  be  ex- 
pressed in  ye  returne  of  his  obedience  and  harty 
wishes  for  your  highness  prosperitie.  And 
further  sheweth  that  >our  petitioner  is  still  an 
humble  suitor  to  your  highness,  as  he  formerly 
hath  beene,  that  your  highness  would  be  graci- 
ously pleased  to  grant  him  licence  to  transport 
a  competent  number  of  Irish  men  for  ye  service 
of  ye  Venetians  against  ye  Turkes,  he  ingaging 
himselfe  for  ye  faithfull  performance  of  such  pro- 
positions as  he  hopes  will  prove  as  acceptable 
to  your  highness  as  they  shall  be  humbly  offered 
by  him.  Who  shall  ever  pray  etc., 

RICHD.  WILLYS. 

August  the  Tenth  1654.  His  Highness'  plea- 
sure is  hereby  to  referre  the  consideration  of  this 
petition  to  the  Councill.  Lisle.  Long. 

[Marginal  note  in  a  third  handwriting]  Richard 
Willys  Prisoner  in  ye  Tower.  Reed.  18  Aug.  54. 


Why  this  reference  to  "  proposals  "  ?  Had 
they  anything  to  do  with  the  transport  of 
Irishmen  ?  And  why  was  Willys  arrested 
at  all,  if  not  to  squeeze  him  into  a  compliant 
frame  of  mind  ? 

After  this  we  get  some  curious  entries 
in  Cromwell's  Council's  Order  Books. 

Under  the  date  Dec.  18  in  the  Calendar 
for  1655  there  is  the  following  : — 

Order  on  petition  of  Sir  Richard  Willis,  prisoner 
at  Lyme,  that  he  have  leave  to  go  beyond  seas, 
on  security  not  to  return  without  licence. 

Willys  did  not  go  beyond  seas. 

And  on  p.  16  of  the  Calendar  for  1658- 
1659,  under  the  date  of  May  11  (1658)  the 
Council  advised  Cromwell  to  order  for  trial 
for  "  treason "  by  the  tribunal  called  a 
"  High  Court  of  Justice  "  a  number  of  per- 
sons, amongst  whom  was  Sir  Richard  Willys. 
He  was  not  tried. 

Evidently  Cromwell's  Council  was  not  in 
the  secret.  J.  G.  M. 

(To  be  continued.) 


PRINCIPAL   LONDON   COFFEE-HOUSES,   TAVERNS,  AND   INNS   IN   THE 

EIGHTEENTH   CENTURY. 

(See  12  S.  vi.  and  vii.  passim;  ix.  85,  105,  143,  186,  226,  286,  306,  385,  426,  504,  525; 

x.  26,  66.) 

(An  asterisk  denotes  that  the  house  still  exists  as  a  tavern,  inn  or  public-house 

many  cases  rebuilt.) 


Tom's 


Spring  Garden,  Charing  Cross  . .      1711 


Tossier's 
Toy  .. 


Blackheath 
Hampton  Court 


Triumphal  Chariot . .     Near  the  present  Hamilton  Place 


Truby's 


St.  Paul's  Churchyard 


Tun 


,.«         ...     Strand 


Daily  Courant,  Feb.  21.  "  Lost 
on  Sunday  last  from  a  lady's  side 
at  St.  James'  Church  a  plain  gold 
watch.  Whoever  brings  it  to 
Tom's  Coffee  House  in  Spring 
Garden,  Charing  Cross,  shall  have 
two  guineas  reward  and  no  ques- 
tions asked." 

1725  Daily  Post,  Feb.  "  Masquerade 
habits  to  be  let,  at  five  shillings 
per  habit,  being  very  curious  and 
comick,  at  Tom's  Coffee  House,  next 
door  to  Young  Man's  Coffee  House, 
Charing  Cross." 

1735     London  Daily  Post,  July  30. 
1785     Sadler's    '  Life    of      T.    Dunckerley, 

1891,  p.  126. 
—       Larwood,  p.  505. 
Hickey,  i.   100. 

Dasert's    '  Piccadilly  in   Three   Cen- 
turies,' 1920,  p.  266. 
1713     Swift's  'Author  upon  Himself.' 

"  At  Child's  or  Truby's  never  once 

had  been  : 
Where  town  and  country  vicars 

flock  in  tribes, 
Secured   by   numbers   from    the 

layman's  gibes, 
And  deal  in  vices  of    the  graver 

sort, 
Tobacco,   censure,    coffee,    pride 

and  port." 
1739     London  Evening  Post,  Nov.  17. 


12  S.  X  FEB.  11,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


103 


Turf 

Turk's  Head 

Turk's  Head 


(Locus  unknown) 

Bell  Savage  Yard,  Ludgate  Hill 


Corner    of     Greek    Street    and 
Compton  Street 


1776 
1719 
1711 


1751 

1751 
1753 
1754 


Turk's  Head 
Turk's  Head  Bagnio 


York  Street,  Covent  Garden   . 
Bow  Street,  Covent  Garden     . 


1745 


Turk's  Head  Bagnio      James  Street,  Golden  Square  . .       — 


Twelve  Bells 
Twigger's  Coffee  and 

Punch  House 
Two  Black  Boys     . . 
Two  Black  Posts    . . 


Two  Blue  Bells 
Two  Blue  Posts 
Two  Brewers 
Two  Brewers 

*Two  Chairmen 
Two  Moons . . 

Two  Swans  . . 
Unicorn 

Unicorn 


Unicorn 

Unicorn  Beerhouse 
Union 


St.  Bride's  Lane 
Bishopsgate  Street  Without    . 

Near  Katherine  Street,  Strand. 
Maiden  Lane 


Haymarket 

Cockpit  Alley,  Drury  Lane 
Long  Ditch,  Westminster 
Ponders  End 

Wardour  Street  (No.  Ill) 
Southwark  . .          . . 

Bishopsgate  Without 

Tooley  Street 

Corner  of  Henrietta  Street, 
Covent  Garden 

South-west  corner  of   the   Hay- 
market 


HighHolborn,  south  side,  oppo- 
site Red  Lyon  Street 
Cornhill 


1741 
1735 

1754 
1737 

1738 

1786 
1755 
1753 


1732 
1T45 

1789 
1720 

1745 


Howell's     '  State    Trials,'     vol.     20, 

col.  595. 

Pearce's  '  Amazing  Duchess,'  ii.  256. 
Applebee's  Weekly  Journal,  June  20. 
'  London  Topographical  Record,' 

1903,  ii.  85. 

Post  Boy,   Oct.    9.     "At  Andlaby's 
Coffee  House,  the  Turk's  Head,  in 
Greek  Street,  near  Soho  Square  is 
an  exact  and  true  account  of  all 
the   Blanks   and    Prizes    that   are 
drawn  of  the  million  and  a  half 
Lottery   being   brought   from    the 
Guildhall  every  hour  of  the  day." 
Sadler's    '  Masonic    Facts    and    Fic- 
tions,' 1887,  p.  70. 
Lane's  '  Handy  Book,'  p.  187. 
Macmichael's  '  Charing  Cross,'  p.  183. 
Heiron's      '  Ancient      Freemasonry/ 

1921. 

Thornbury,  iii.  178. 
La? wood,  p.  428. 
'  N.  &  Q.,'  Dec.  22,  1849. 
Simpson's     '  London     Taverns     and 

Masonry,'  p.  40. 
Thornbury,  iii.  285. 
Jacobs,  p.  163. 
Daily  Advertiser,  Jan.  24. 
Dobson's  '  Hogarth,'  p.  80. 
Kept  by  Mrs.  Earle. 
Dobson's  '  Hogarth,'  p.  80. 
Kept  by  Alice  Neal. 
Chancellor's  '  Fleet  Street,'  p.  63. 
The  County  Journal,  or  The  Craftsman, 

Nov.   1. 

Levander,  A.Q.C.,  vol.  xxix.,  1916 
Hammond,  A.Q.C.,    vol.    xxix.,    pp. 

o- 1 8« 

Sadler's    '  Masonic    Facts    and     Fic- 
tions,' 1887,  p.  116. 
Levander,  A.Q.C.,  vol.  xxix.,  1916. 
Lane's  '  Handy  Book,'  p.  190. 
Levander,  A.Q.C.,  vol.  xxix.,  1916. 
Tristram's       '  Coaching     Days     and 

Coaching  Ways,'    1893,  p.    287. 
Rumbolt's   '  Soho,'   p.    199. 
'  Parish  Clerks'  Remarks  of  London/ 

p.  388. 

Rocque's  *  Survey.' 
London  Museum  :  pewter  tankard. 
Kept  by  J.  Keys. 

Parker's    '  Life's   Painter  of   Varie- 
gated Characters. ' 
Levander,  A.Q.C.,  vol.  xxix.,  1916. 
Wheatley's  '  Bond  Street,'  plate  1. 
Larwood  p.  388. 

Dasert's   '  Piccadilly  in  Three  Cen- 
turies,' 1920,  p.  21. 
Rocque's  '  Survey.' 


1720     Daily  Courant,  Oct.  4. 

1733  Daily  Journal,  Oct.  9.  "  Tickets  in 
Lottery,  1733,  bought  and  sold  by 
Richard  Shergold,  broker,  at  his 
office  by  the  Union  Coffee  House, 
over  against  Jonathan's  in  Ex- 
change Alley." 


104 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [12  S.X.FHB.  11,1922. 


Union 


Temple  Bar 


1749 


Union  . .          . .     Piccadilly. . 

Union  Flag  and  Punch   High  Street,  Wapping   .. 
Bowl 

(Locus  unknown) 


1774 


Vicars 
Vine.. 


Vine  .. 
Virginia 


Bishopsgate      Street      Within,      1677 
west  side,  north  of  the  Four 
Swans  1732 

1745 
1780 
1799 
Mile  End  . .  — 

Near  the     "George  and  Vul-      1720 
ture,"  Cornhill 

(To  be  continued.) 


General  Advertiser,  Nov.  10.  "  One 
who  has  a  place  under  the  Govern- 
ment of  about  £100  p. a.  wants 
£50  for  one  year,  for  which  he 
will  give  good  interest  and  insure 
his  life  if  required.  Direct  t© 
H.  J.,  at  the  bar  of  the  Union 
Coffee  House,  without  Temple 
Bar." 

Levander,  A.Q.C..  vol.  xxix.,  1916. 

Larwood,  p.  388. 

Calendar  of    MSS.  of  Marquis  of 

Bath,  iii.  285.. 
Ogilvy    and     Morgan's    '  London 

Survey'd.' 
'  Parish      Clerks'       Remarks      of 

London,'  p.  393. 
Rocque's  '  Survey.' 
Public  Advertiser,  Sept.  15. 
Harwood's  '  Map  of  London.' 
London     Museum  :     water-colour 

drawing  by  Dr.  Philip  Norman. 
Applebee's         Weekly        Journal, 

Nov.  19. 

J.  PAUX  DE  CASTRO. 


COMMONWEALTH    MARRIAGES    AND 

BURIALS   IN   THE   ALDEBURGH 

REGISTER   BOOK. 

(See  12  S.  x.  81.) 

MANY  of  the  names  in  this  list  are  extant  in 
Aldeburgh — but  the  old  name  of  Catmore  or 
Catmer  is  now  extinct  in  the  place.  Jinnings 
and  Micheli  have  also  disappeared,  but  perhaps 
this  is  not  to  be  wondered  at  in  the  case  of 
Jinnings ! 

ANNO  1654. 

HINDS  &      The      purpose    of     marriage    be- 

BROWNE       tween       John    Hinds      widdower 

1653.  1654     and     Margaret     Browne     widdow 

both  of  this  parish  was  published  on  three  severall 

Lords  days,  viz   on  the   12th,   19th,   26th    days  of 

March    1653.     And    the   sayd    John    Hinds,    and 

Margaret  Browne  were  marryed  on  the  27th  day  of 

March    1654,    by    Mr    John   Biirwood    Justice    of 

Peace  of  this  Corporation 

Ita  tester  H  SEARLE  Regist 

CARTER  &      The    purpose    of    marriage     be- 
ELMY   1654.     tween     John     Carter     singleman 
and      Elizabeth      Elmy      single- 
woman  both  of  this  parish,  was  pub'ished  on  three 
severall   Lords  days,  viz  on  the  19th  &  26th  days 
of  March   1653  &   1654;  and  on  the  second  day 
of  April   1654  :  And  the  sayd  John  &  Elizabeth 
were  marryed  on  the  fourth  day  of  April    1654, 
by  Mr  John  Burwood  Justice  of  peace  of  this  Cor- 
poration 

Ita  tester  H  SEARLE  Registrarius 

DAWSON  &     The     purpose     of     marriage     be- 
BURWOOD.      tween       George      Dawson      wid- 
dower      and       Mary       Burwood 
widdow  both   of  this   parish,   was   published    on 
three  severall  Lords  days,  viz,  on  the  26th  day  of 


March,  &  on  the  2d  and  9th  days  of  April  1654  ; 
and  they  were  marryed  (as  they  say)  On  the 
24th  day  of  April  1654,  at  the  Collegiat  Church  of 
St.  Katherines  by  the  Tower  London  by  Rob  : 
Chamberian  minister  of  the  gospell. 

PYE  &     The    purpose    of    marriage    between 
WILLS.     Timothy        Pye        widdower         and 
Katherine     Wills    widdow      both     of 
this    parish     was    published    on     three    severall 
Lords  days  viz  on    the  9th   16th  &  231    days    of 
April   1654  :  and  the  sayd  Timothy  &  Katherine 
were  marryed  on  the  first  day  of  May   1654,  by 
M?  John  Burwood  Justice  of  Peace  of  this  Cor- 
poration 

Ita  tester  H  SEARLE  Regist 

STAFFORD  &     The  purpose  of  marriage  between 

Dow.  Richard  Stafford  widdower  and 

Emme  Dow  widdow  both  of  this 

parish    was    published    on    three    severall    Lords 

days,  viz  on  the  19th  &  26th  days  of  February,  & 

on  the   5th   day  of  March    1653  ;    and   the  sayd 

Richard  and  Emme  were  marryed  on  the  28th  day 

of  April    1654    by  Mr  John  Burwood  Justice  of 

Peace  of  this  Corporation 

Ita  tester  H  SEARLE  Registr 

DYMER  &      The     purpose    of     marriage     be- 

WOODRUFF     tween       Robert       Dymer       wid- 

1654  dower    and     E'izabeth    Woodruff 

widdow   both   of   this   parish,   was   published   on 

three  severall  Lords  days,  viz  on  the  16,  23,  30th 

days   of  April    1654 ;   and  the  sayd    Robert  and 

Elizabeth  were  marryed  on  the  9th  day  of  May 

1654,  by  Mr  Alexander  Bence  Justice  of  peace 

of 'this  Corporation. 

Ita  tester  H  SEARLE  Registr 

KNTGHTS    &     The   purpose    of    marriage    be- 
PITT.   1654      tween      John       Knights        wid- 
dower,    and      Katherine     Pitts 
widdow  both  of  this  parish  was  published  on  three 
severall  Lords  days,  viz  the  30th  day  of  April,  & 


12  S.  X.  FEB.  11,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


105 


the  7th  &  Uth  days  of  May  1654  :  and  the  sayd 
John  &  Katherine  were  marryed  on  the  16th  day 
of  May  1654  by  Mr  Alexander  Bence  Justice  of 
peace  of  this  Corporation 

Ita  testor  H  SEARLE  Registr. 

PALMER  &  The  purpose  of  marriage  between 
JARMY  1654  John  Palmer  of  this  parish 
singleman,  &  Jane  Jarrny  of 
Fryston  singlewoman  was  published  on  three 
severall  Lords  days,  viz  the  7th,  14th,  21th  days 
of  May  1654  (together  with  the  names  &  sir- 
names  of  John  Palmer  of  Easton  father  to  the 
sayd  John  &  George  Jarmy  of  Knoddishall 
father  to  the  sayd  Jane)  And  the  sayd  John  & 
Jane  were  marryed  at  Ipswich  (as  they  say)  on 
the  27th  day  of  May  1654,  by  Mr  John  Brandlyng 
Justice  of  peace 

Ita  testor  H  SEARLE  Registrarius 

MANLING   &     The  purpose  of  marriage  between 
JORDAN         Gilbert  Manling   widdower,   and 
Rose  Jordane  singlewoman  both 
of^this   parish   was   published   on   three  severall 
Lords  days  viz  the   30th  of  April  &  the  7th  &  14th 
days  of  May  1654  ;  and  the  sayd  Gilbert  and  Rose 
were  marryed  on  the  17th  day  of  September,  by 
Mr  John  Burwood  Justice  of  peace  of  this  Cor- 
poration. 

Ita  testor  H.  SEARLE  Registr 


October   1654  by  Mr  Edward  Cocket   Justice  of 
Peace  of  this  Corporation. 

Ita  testor  H  SEARLE  Registr. 

ANNO  1654 

OULDRING  &  The  purpose  of  marriage  be- 
HARMAN.  tween  Nicolas  Ouldring  wid- 
dower, and  Anne  Harman  single- 
woman,  both  of  this  parish,  was  published  3 
severall  Lords  days,  viz  on  the  19th  &  26th  days 
of  March  1653,  1654  ;  and  on  the  2d  day  of  Aprill 
1654  (together  with  the  name  &  sirname  of  Anne 
Harman  widdow  mother  to  the  aforesayd  Anne) 
And  the  sayd  Nicolas  &  Anne  were  marryed  on 
the  13th  day  of  November  1654,  by  Mr  Edward 
Cocket  Justice  of  Peace  of  this  Corporation. 


Ita  testor  H  SEARLE  Registr 


TRUNDLE 
DYER. 


BRIGGS  &     The  purpose  of  marriage  between 
BURLEY       John  Briggs  of  Uffoard  widdower, 
and    Joan    Burley    of    this    parish 
widdow,  was  published  on  three  severall  Lords 
days  viz  on  the  3J,  10th,  &  17th  days  of  September 
1654,  and  the  sayd  John  &  Joan  were  marryed  at 
Orford  on  the   19th  day  of   September   1654,  by    this  County 
Mr  Thomas  Hastings  Justice  of  Peace  of    that  j      CATTMER   & 


The  purpose  of  marriage  between 
Joseph  Trundler  widdower  and 
Anne  Dyer  single-woman  both  of 
this  parish,  was  published  3  severall  Lords  days,  viz 
on  the  29th  day  of  October,  &  on  the  5th  &  12th  days 
of  November  1654  ;  And  the  sayd  Joseph  &  Anne 
were  marryed  on  the  14th  day  of  November  1654, 
by  Mr  Edward  Cocket  Justice  of  Peace  of  this 
Corporation. 

Ita  testor  H  SEARLE  Registr. 

ARNOLD  &     The  purpose  of  marriage  between 
WELLS.         John  Arnold   widdower   &  Susan 
Wills  widdow  both  of  this  parish, 
was  published  on  3  severall  Lords  days,  viz  on 
the  29th  day  of  October,  &  on  the  5th  &  12th  days 
of  November   1654  ;    And  the  sayd  John  &  Susan 
were  marryed  on  the  14th  day  of  November  1654, 
at  Ash  by  Mr          *  Shepherd  Justice  of  Peace  of 


Corporation 


Ita  testor  H  SEARLE  Registr 


EADE   AND     The  purpose  of  Marriage  between 
NICOLSON      Edmund     Eade     widdower,     and 
Ailce    Nicolson    widdow    both    of 
this  parish,  was  published  on  three  severall  Lords 
days,  viz  on  the  10th,  17th,  24th  days  of  Septem- 
ber ;   and  the  sayd  Edmund  and  Ailce  were  mar- 
ryed on  the  26th  day  of   the  same  month  1654,  by 
Mr  Tho  :    Cheney  Justice  of  Peace  of   this  Cor- 
poration 

Ita  testor  H  SEARLE  Registr. 


STROGER  & 
BALDWIN 


The  purpose  of  marriage  between 


Nicolas  Stroger  singleman,  and 
Elizabeth  Baldwin  singlewoman 
both  of  this  parish,  was  published  on  three 
severall  Lords  days,  viz  on  the  10th,  17th,  24th 
days  of  September  1654:  And  the  sayd  Nicolas 
&  Elizabeth  were  marryed  at  Halesworth  on  the 
-Mltli  day  of  the  same  month,  by  Mr  Samuel 
Fawether  Justice  of  Peace  of  this  County  of 
Suffolke. 

Ita  testor  H  SEARLE  Registr 

BURWOOD    &     The    purpose    of    marriage    be- 
WOODS          tween    Thomas    Burwood    wid- 
dower of  this  parish,  &  Eliza- 
beth Woods  of  Thorpe  widdow,  was  published  on 
three  severall  Lords  days,  viz  on  the  3d,  10th  &  17th 
days  of  September  1654  ;    and  the  sayd  Thomas 
•&  Elizabeth   were   marryed   on    the   5th   day   of 


The  purpose  of  marriage  between 
BATCHELOR  John  Cattmer  singleman,  and 

Mary  Batchelor  singlewoman  both 
of  this  parish,  was  published  on  3  severall  Lords 
days,  viz  on  the  29th  day  of  October,  &  on  the 
5th  &  12th  days  of  November  1654,  And  the  sayd 
John  &  Mary  were  marryed  on  the  23  day  of 
January  1654,  by  Mr  Tho  :  Cheney  Justice  of 
Peace  in  this  Corporation. 

ROGERS  &     The  purpose  of  marriage  between 
DAVIES        Robert  Rogers  singleman  (son  of 
Robert  Rogers    the    elder  of   this 
parish)  and  Mary  Davies  singlewoman,  both  of 
this  parish,  was  published  on  the  5th  12th  &  19th 
days  of  November   1654  :  And  the  sayd   Robert 
and  Mary  were  marryed  on  the  7th  dav  of  Decem- 
ber by  Mr  Edward  Cocket,  Justice  of  Peace  of  this 
Corporation. 

Ita  testor  H  SEARLE  Registr 

BLOWERS  &     The  purpose  of  marringe  bet weene 
BURWOOD       Arthur     Blowers     singleman     & 
Mary      Burwood      singlewoman 
(daughter  of  Mr  John  Burwood  of  *  this  parish) 
was  published  on  the  19th  &  26th  davs  of  Novem- 
ber, &  on  the  31  day  of  December  1654  ;  And  the 
sayd  Arthur  &  Mary  (being  both  of  this  parish) 
were   marryed  ^  bv  Mr   Thomas   Chenev    Justice 
of  Peace  of  this  Corporation  on  the  12th  day  of 


December  1654. 


Ifca  testor  H  SEARLE  Registr 


Blank. 


106 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[12  S.  X.  FEB.  11,  1922, 


DYMER  &     The  purpose  of  marriage  betweene 
USHER        Robert  Dymer  widdower,  &  Eliza- 
beth   Usher  widow    both    of    this 
parish,  was  published  on  the  26th  day  of  Novem- 
ber, &  on  the  3d  &  10th  davs  of  December  1654  ; 
and  the  sayd  Robert  &  Elizabeth  were  marryed 
on  the  12th  day  of  December  1654,  by  Mr  Tho  : 
Cheney  Justice  of  Peace  of  this  Corporation 

Ita  tester  H  SEARLE  Registr 

LANDAMEB  &     The   purpose   of   marriage   be- 
FISK  tween  Nicolas  Landamer  wid- 

dower and  Anne  Fisk  widdow 
both  of  this  parish,  was  published  on  the  19th 
&  26th  days  of  November  &  on  the  3d  day  of 
December  1654;  And  the  sayd  Nicolas  &  Anne 
were  marryed  on  the  12th  day  of  December  1654 
by  Mr  Tho  :  Cheney  Justice  of  Peace  of  this 
Corporation. 

Ita  tester  H  SEARLE  Registr 

ANNO   1654. 

Dux  &     The    purpose    of    marriage    between 

LONG       Edward    Dux   singleman    and    Anne 

Long  singlewoman  both  of  this  parish, 

was  published  3  severall  Lords  days,  viz  on  the 

3d,  10th,  &  17th  days  of  December  (together  with 

the  name  &  sirname  of  Anne  Dux  of  Snape  widdow 

mother    to    the    sayd    Edward)    And    the    sayd 

Edward  &  Anne  were  married  on  the  first  day 

of   January  1654  by  Mr  Tho  :  Cheney  Justice  of 

peace  of  this  Corporation 

Ita  testor  H  SEARLE  Registr 

HARBIN  &  The  purpose  of  Marriage  between 
MOYSE  Mr  Alexander  Harbin  of  Bennet 
Grace-church  London,  single- 
man (sonn  to  Mr  Andrew  Harbin  of  Lawrence 
Pountney  London)  and  Mrs  Dorothy  Moyse  of 
Aldeburgh  in  Suff  singlewoman  (daughter  to  Mr 
Henry  Moyse  of  Kerby  in  Norfolk)  was  published 
3  severall  Lords  days,  viz  on  the  17,  24  &  31  days 
of  December  1654  ;  And  the  sayd  Alexander  & 
Dorothy  were  marryed  on  the  sixteenth  day  of 
January  1654,  by  Justice  Thomas  Atkins  Alder- 
man of  London  at  his  house  in  Ledden  Hall  street 
London  in  the  parish  of  Andrew  undershaft. 

H  SEARLE  Registr 

HUNT  &     The    purpose    of   marriage    between 

DAWSON      John   Hunt   singleman,  and    Emme 

Dawson  widdow«both  of  this  parish 

was  published  3  severall  Lords  days,  viz  on  the 

24  &  31  days  of    December,  and  on  the  7th  day 

of  January.     And  the  sayd  John  &  Emm  were 

marryed  on  the  23  dav  of  January   1654  by  Mr 

Tho  :  Cheney  Justice  of  Peace  of  this  Corporation. 

Ita  testor  H  SEARLE  Registr 

JINNINGS    &     The    purpose    of    marriage    be- 
MICHELL        tween  Tho  :  Jinnings  singleman 
and  Susan  Mitchell  singlewoman 
both  of  this  parish,  was  published  on  3  severall 
Lords  days,  viz  on  the  12,  19,  26  davs  of  Decem- 
ber :  but  the  sayd  John  forsooke  the  sayd  Susan 
&  did  not  marry  her. 

GROOME  &     The  purpose  of  marriage  between 

SIMPSON        Matthew  Groome   sinerleman   and 

Margaret     Simpson     si  a<?lewoman 

both  of  this  parish,  was  published  3  severall  Lords 


days  viz  on  the  19,  26,  days  of  November  and  on 
the  3d  day  of  December  :  and  the  sayd  Matthew 
&  Susan  were  marryed  on  the  25th  day  of  January 
1654,  by  Mr  Tho  :  Cheney  Justice  of  'peace  of  this 
Corporation 

Ita  testor  H  SEARLE  Registr 

COCKETT  &     The  purpose  of  marriage  between 
HOLDING       Richard      Cocket      widdower      & 
Katherine    Holding    singlewoman 
both  of  this  parish,  was  published  3  severall  Lords 
days,  viz  on  the  14,  21,  &  28th  days   of   January 
1654.     And  the  sayd  Richard  &  Katherine  were 
marryed  on  the    29th    of    January    1654  by  Mr 
Tho :  Cheney    Justice    of    Peace    of 
noe  this  Corporation  without  a  certificate 

certificat      from  the  Register  touching  the  pub- 
lication of  their  intended  marriage 
Ita  testor  HEN  :  SEARLE  Reg  : 

JOHNSON  &     The  purpose  of  marriage  between 

CROSMAN       Robert  Johnson    singleman  (son 

of   Robert  Johnson  the   elder   of 

Aldeburgh)  &   Amy   Crossman   widdow   both   of 

Aldeburgh,  was  published  3  severall  Lords  days, 

viz  on  the  14th,  21,  &  28th  days  of  January  1654, 

and  the  sayd  Robert  and  Amy  were  marryed  on 

the    6th  day  of    February   1654,  by  Mr    Edward 

Cocket  Justice  of  peace  of  this  Corporation 

Ita  testor  H  SEARLE  Registr 

ARTHUR  T.  WINN. 

(To  be  continued.) 


THE  TWENTY-FOUR  HOUR  CLOCK. — Has 
the  following  early  reference  to  a  twenty- 
four  hour  clock  been  noted  ?• — 

The  Latyns  or  the  Italians,  the  Lomberdes 
and  the  Veneciens,  wyth  other  prouynces  anexed 
to  the  same,  doth  vary  in  dyuers  numbringe- 
or  rekanynge  of  theyr  clokes.  At  mydnyght 
they  doth  begyn,  and  do  reken  vnto  xxiii.  a 
cloke,  and  than  it  is  mydnyght ;  and  at  one  a 
cloke  thei  do  begyn  agayne.  (A.  Boorde's  '  In- 
troduction of  Knowledge,'  c.  1547,  ed.  Furnivall 
(E.E.T.S.  extra  series,  No.  10),  1870,  pp.  178,  179.) 
G.  L.  APPERSON. 

APPRENTICES  TO  AND  FROM  OVERSEAS 
(see  ante  pp.  29,  69).- — The  following  names 
may  be  added  to  those  which  appear  at  the 
above  references  : — 

Brinsden,  William,  son  of  John  Brinsden  of 
Barbadoes,  Merchant,  dec'd.  App.  to  Samuel 
Pye  of  Bristol,  Barber  Surgeon.  Consid.  £50. 
11  July  1711.  (Inl.  1/41-129.) 

Thomas,  Samuel,  son  of  George  Thomas  of 
Antegoa,  Planter,  dec'd.  App.  to  Thomas  Hodges 
of  London,  Mariner.  Consid.  £52  10s.  5  Feb. 

1717.  (Inl.  1/6-29.) 

Browne,    Conrade,    son    of    Jos.    Browne,    of 
Island    of    Barbadoes.     App.    to    Alex    Inglis 
Chelsea  College.  Surgeon.     Consid.  £100.    31   Oct. 

1718.  (Inl.  1/6-135.) 

Onge,  Tim.,  son  of  Abel  Onge  of  Dublin,  Mer- 
chant. App.  to  Ebenezer  Wentworth  of  Boston, 


12  s.x.  FEB.  ii,  1922.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


107 


New  England,  Mariner. 
1719.     (Inl.  1/6-198.) 


Consid.  £52  19s. 


Epsom,  Apothecary.     Consid.  £50. 
(Inl.  1/7-43.) 

GERALD  FOTHERGILL. 
11,  Brussels  Road,  New  Wandsworth,  S.W.  11. 


EAST  LONDON  "  COFFEE-HOUSES."  - — 
Readers  who  ask  for  more  intimate  par- 
ticulars of  the  old  "  coffee-houses  "  without 
the  eastward  gate  of  the  City  of  London 
in  late  Stuart  and  early  Georgian  times 
should  remember  that  these  places  of 
common  assembly  for  business  or  pleasure 
or  play  were  not  so  numerous  in  the  Port  of 
London  as  in  more  fashionable  quarters  of 
the  metropolis.  "  Town  "  habits  were  not 
possible  much  beyond  Whitechapel  Bars 
and  Spitalfields  Church,  or,  along  shore, 
beyond  Wapping  ;  and  "  coffee-houses  "• 
the  incipient  clubs — were  not  frequented  by 
the  classes  --  wits,  poets,  pamphleteers, 
politicians  and  gamesters —  who  made  the 
"  coffee-houses  "  of  St.  James's  famous  in 
English  social  and  literary  history.  The 
"  coffee  -  houses  "  of  Wapping,  Goodman's 
Fields,  the  Minories,  Aldgate  and  Spital- 
fields were  the  meeting-places  of  merchants, 
brokers,  lottery  agents,  money-lenders,  ship- 
owners, seamen,  soldiers,  bravoes,  cheats 
and  thieves,  with  a  very  large  admixture 


25  Mar.  j  perhaps,  a    job    picked  up.      The    Danish, 
i  Swedish,  Norwegian,  Hanoverian,  Prussian, 
°j  |  Dutch    and,  later,  American    captains  and 
6  Oct.  1719. !  factors    in  London  Port    gradually  set  up 
rialtos,  places  of  exchange  and  conference 
on  the  model  of  the  English  "  coffee-houses  " 
near    to    the    dwellings    of    the    respective 
agents    or    ambassadors    of    their    national 
governments.     These,    changing    with    the 
times,    existed    to    a    period    within    living 
memory- — as     witness     America    Square — 
and  their  names  and  situation  are  preserved 
in  place-names  in  the  locality.  Me. 


©uertetf. 

WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  oniy  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries 
in  order  that  answers  may  be  sent  to  them  direct. 


'  LA  SANTA  PARENTELA.' — In  the  Jews' 
market  in  Rome,  on  the  Wednesday  before 
Christmas  last,  I  picked  up  an  interesting 
little  miniature  of  the  above  painted  on 
ivory.  It  represents  what  were  supposed 
to  be  the  relations  of  the  Virgin  Mary. 
During  the  period  1480  to  1520,  when  the 
legend  of  the  three  marriages  of  St.  Anne 
was  current,  some  few  pictures  and  minia- 

Two 
Mrs. 


of  the  several  sorts  of  not  always  dubious   tures    of    the    subject    were    painted, 
adventurers  who   lurked  in  London's  Port  I  ^  these  pictures   are  referred  to   by 
during  the  brief  intervals  in  the  long  wars  on  I  Jameson  in  her  '  Legends  of  the  Madonna, 
sea  and  land  ;   and  practically  none  of  these  \  and  two  of  the  Flemish  school  are  in  the 
were,  by  nature  or  by  early  training,  re- 1  Cologne  Museum.     Such  a  picture  usually 
Borders.     They  needed  such  as  Daniel  Defoe  !  consists  of  seven  figures  of  women  within 
to  piece  out  their  stories,  and  probably  he  :  a  screen,    with    whom    are    eight    or    nine 
knew  much    more    about    "  coffee-houses "  j  children ;      and,    behind    the    screen, 
by  the  stairs  to  the  river  than  he  ever  told,  !  men,  who,   in  one  of  the  pictures   in 


though  he  made  great  use  of  the  "  characters 

of  both  sexes  he  found  in  them.     So   when,  |  respective    wives, 

in  the  process  of  a  century,  the  great  historic  !  course,  of  one. 

"  coffee  -houses  "    of   St.    James's   and   the 

City   became   segregated   into    specific    and 

exclusive    coteries,    and    were    turned    into 


ten 
the 

Cologne  Museum,  each  point  towards  their 
with    the    exception,    of 


political,   social,    racing    or 
the  humble  "  coffee-houses  " 


gaming    clubs, 
of  East  London 


According  to  the  legend  Anne  is  supposed 
to  have  married,  first,  Cleophas,  by  whom 
she  had  a  daughter,  Mary,  married  to 


faded  away  and  were  either  closed  or  were 
converted    into   inns  and  taverns,  but   few  j  she    had 
of  which  exist  in  any  form  to  the  present   Zebedee, 
time.     For  the  rest,  there  is  now  no  record 
recoverable,    and    it    is    only    certain    that 


Alpheus,  whose  children  were  Judas  Thad- 
deus,  James  the  Minor  and  Joseph  Justus. 


their  conduct  and  management  were  similar 
to  the  institutions  in  St.  James's,  where  for 
a  few  penceworth  of  "  coffee  "  the  company 
of  one's  fellows  could  be  enjoyed  without 
reference  to  rank,  station  or  means,  and, 


Anne  married,  secondly,  Salome,  by  whom 
a    daughter,   Mary,    married    to 
whose   children   were   James   the 
Major    and    John    the    Evangelist.     Anne 
married,   thirdly,    Joachim,   by   whom   she 


had  Mary  the  Virgin.  Beside  these  there 
appear  in  the  picture  Zacharias  and  Eliza- 
beth, the  parents  of  John  the  Baptist  ; 
and  amongst  the  children  is  Simon  Zelotes. 
The  men,  therefore,_are  Joseph,  Joachim, 


108 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [iz S.X.FBB.  11,1922. 


Zacharias,      Salome,      Cleophas,      Alpheus, 
Zebedee    and    three     others.     The    women 
are  the  Virgin  Mary,  Mary  Cleophas,  Mary 
Salome,    Anne,    Elizabeth  and  two  others  ;  | 
and  the  children  are  Jesus,  John  the  Baptist,  \ 
John  the  Evangelist,  James  Major,  James 
Minor,    Judas    Thaddeus,    Joseph    Justus,  j 
Simon    Zelotes     and    perhaps     one    other. 
Who  were  these  others  ? 

F.  LAMBARDE. 
Perugia. 

EIGHTEENTH- CENTURY  POETS  (see  ante, 
p.  91).— 18.  I.  H.  Browne's  'A  Pipe  of 
Tobacco.'  Who  was  the  "  ingenious  friend  " 
who  contributed  the  parody  of  Ambrose 
Philips  ? 

19.  John  Straight.     When  was  he  born  ? 
It    must    have    been    about    the    sixteen  - 
eighties. 

20.  '  Who    has      e'er    been    at    Baldock 
must  needs  know  the  mill.'     This  poem  was  | 
printed  in  'Clio  and  Euterpe'   (1759).     Is! 
the  author  known  ? 

21.  Anonymous  poems  in  Dodsley's  collec- j 
tion,     '  The  Plaything  Changed  '  ("  Kitty's  | 
charming  voice  and  face")  and  'True  wit 
is  like  the  brilliant  stone.'     Is  the  author! 
of  either  known  ? 

22.  Anonymous  poem  in  Aikin's  collec- ! 
tion,  '  Ye  little  Loves  that  round  her  wait.'  | 
Is  the  author  known  ? 

23.  Anonymous  poem  in  Ritson's  collec- 1 
tion,  '  Love's   no   irregular   desire.'     Is   the ; 
author  known  ? 

24.  Anonymous    poems    in    Dalrymple's ! 
collection,     '  Ah  !    dear  Belinda  hither  fly  '  j 
and    'The    Fan'    ("For    various    purpose1 
serves  the  fan  ").       Is  the  author  of  either 
known  ? 

25.  Mary    Jones.     When    was    she    born 
and  when  did  she  die  ?     She  was  a  friend 
of   Dr.    Johnson's   and   published    '  Miscel- 
lanies in  Prose  and  Verse  '   at   Oxford  in 
1750. 

26.  John  Sharp,  D.D.     Died  1772.     When 
was  he  bom  ? 

27.  Samuel    Boyce     (not    Boyse).     Died! 
1775.     Published  'Poems  on  Several  Occa-  \ 
sions  '  in  1757.     When  was  he  born  ? 

28.  Mary    Whately.     Published    'Poems 
on,  Several  Occasions  '  in  1764.     Is  anything 
known  of  her  ? 

29.  Mrs.  Greville,  author  of  the  '  Prayer 
for  Indifference.'     When  was  she  born  and 
when  did  she  die  ?     Am  I  right  in  supposing 
her  to  have  been  the  mother  of  Mrs.  Crewe  ? 
Was  her  Christian  name  Frances  ? 

30.  William  Kendall.     Published  '  Poems  ' 


(8vo,  Exeter,  1793).  Is  anything  known  of 
him  ? 

I  apologize  for  sending  such  a  long  list  of 
queries.  I  have  not  been  able  to  find  any 
of  the  information  asked  for  in  the  '  D.N.B.* 

I.  A.  WILLIAMS. 

10,  Mulberry  Walk,  S.W.3. 

COLONEL  CHARLES  WHITEFOORD. — Can 
any  reader  furnish  me  with  any  details  re- 
garding the  wife,  and  the  place  and  date 
of  the  marriage,  of  Colonel  Charles  White- 
foord,  third  son  of  Sir  Adam  Whitefoord, 
Bart.,  of  Blaquahan,  Ayrshire,  a  descendant 
of  the  family  of  Whitefoord  of  that  ilk. 

Charles  Whitefoord  entered  the  Navy  in 
1718  ;  transferring  to  the  Army,  he  was 
gazetted  Ensign  in  1728  in  Lord  John  Kerr's 
Regiment  of  Foot  (31st  Foot).  He  served 
in  Minorca,  1738-40,  as  Captain  in  the  Royal 
Irish  Regiment,  and  in  1740  served  in  the 
West  India  Expedition  as  Major  and  A.D.C. 
to  his  uncle,  Charles,  8th  Baron  Cathcart. 

In  1745-46  Chas.  Whitefoord,  then  Lt.- 
Col.  5th  Marines,  served  under  Sir  John 
Cope  at  Preston  Pans,  and  later  was  present 
at  Culloden.  He  compiled  a  defence  of  Sir 
John  Cope,  and  his  conduct  at  Preston 
Pans  and  his  chivalrous  relations  with 
Alexander  Stewart  of  Inverhayle  form  the 
basis  of  the  relations  between  Colonel  Talbot 
and  Baron  Bradwardine  in  Sir  Walter 
Scott's  '  Waverley.' 

Charles  Whitefoord  died  at  Galway  on 
Jan.  2,  1753,  as  Colonel  of  the  5th  (Irwin's) 
Regiment  of  Foot. 

Charles  Whitefoord's  wife  is  stated  to 
have  been  a  daughter  or  niece  of  the  Earl 
of  Morton  ;  she  had  probably  died  by  1738. 

Colonel  Chas.  Whitefoord  had  two 
children  : — 

1.  Caleb  Whitefoord,  F.R.S.,  F.S.A.,  born 
at  Edinburgh  in  1734,  was  educated  at 
James  MundelTs  school  and  entered  Edin- 
burgh University  in  1748.  In  1782-3  he 
was  secretary  of  the  "  Commission  for 
Treating  of  Peace  with  America  "  at  Ver- 
sailles. Caleb  Whitefoord  was  a  well-known 
wit,  dilettante  and  litterateur  in  London  in 
the  latter  part  of  the  eighteenth  century, 
the  friend  of  Dr.  Johnson,  Sir  Joshua 
Reynolds,  David  Garrick  and  Oliver  Gold- 
smith ;  he  was  the  subject  of  a  long  notice 
in  Goldsmith's  '  Retaliation,'  ending  _with 
the  following  lines  : — 
Merry  Whitefoord,  farewell,  for  thy  sake  I'll 

admit, 
That  a  Scot  may  have  humour,  I'd  almost  said 

wit. 


12  s.x.  FEB.  n,  ISM.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


109 


2.  A  daughter,  Charlotta,  married  to  a 
Mr.  Smith ;  her  son  was  Charles  Smith, 
Painter  to  the  Great  Mogul. 

P.  G.  WHITEFOORD. 

WHITE  OF  SELBORNE  :  PORTRAIT 
WANTED. — Can  any  reader  tell  me  of  a 
portrait  of  Gilbert  White  of  Selborne  ? 
There  is  none  in  the  National  Portrait 
Gallery,  and  no  London  printseller  that  I 
have  asked  can  supply  one. 

W.    COURTHOPE    FORMAN. 

ORNITHOLOGISTS. — Who  were  the  two 
ornithologists  of  whom  the  story  is  told  that 
one  day  they  were  looking  at  an  owl  in  a 
taxidermist's  window  and  were  discussing 
how  unnaturally  the  bird  was  set-up  when 
it  suddenly  winked  its  eye  ?  H.  S.  G. 

GENERAL     NICHOLSON'S     BIRTHPLACE. — 
Can  anyone  furnish  such  data  as  will  irre- 
fragably    determine    the    question    of    the 
birthplace  of  Brigadier -General  John  Nichol- 
son,   who   fell   at   Delhi   in   '57,   since   the 
accounts   of   the   same   conflict   as   regards 
both  locality  and  year.     On    the    morning 
of  the  19th  inat.,  whan  an  arresting  statue 
of    that    immortal    Anglo-Indian    was    un- 
veiled    at     Lisburn,      Co.     Antrim,     The 
Belfast  News-Letter  stated  that  he  was  born 
in  that  cathedral  town  on  Dec.  11,  1822 — 
a  statement  which  Field -Marshal  Sir  Henry  ' 
Wilson  repeated  in  his  address  at  the  un-  ! 
veiling   ceremony.     On  the   other  hand,   a  j 
contributor    to    vol.  xli.    of    the    '  D.N.B.'  | 
asserts  that  Nicholson  was  born  in  Dublin  ; 
on  Dec.  11,  1821,  and  that  after  his  father's  | 
death  in  1830  the  family  moved  to   Lisburn, 
the  biographer  adding  with  engaging  naivete  \ 
that      Lisburn    .  is      in      Co.      Wicklow  ! 
Another   high   authority   whose   reputation  j 
for    accuracy    is    seldom    impugned,  *  The  j 
Century    Dictionary     and     Cyclopaedia    of  i 
Names,'     likewise     gives     Dublin     as     the ' 
general's    birthplace ;     and    a    similar    pro- 
nouncement is  made  by     '  Nelson's  Ency- 
clopaedia.' R.  HART  MAZE. 

EARLY  IRISH  VOLUNTEERS. — Is  anything 
known  of  the  following  corps  of  Irish  Volun- 
teers ? — 

Aughnacloy  Volunteers  (existed  in  1782). 

Ballina  and  Ardnaree  Volunteers  (existed 
1779). 

Ballymascanlon  Rangers  of  Loyal  Louth. 

Ballyroom  Cavalry. 

When  and  fo  •  what  purpose  were  they 
raised  and  by  whom  were  they  commanded  ? 
P.  FITZGERALD  HOGG  (Capt.) 


REGIMENTAL  CHAPLAINS,  H.M.  65TH  REGI- 
i  MENT. — The    following    meagre    particulars 
I  of  the  chaplains  to  this  regiment  are  known. 
Can  any  reader  supply  information  as  to  the 
date    and   place    of     birth,    education   and 
careers    before    appointment    to    and    after 
leaving  the  regiment  ? 

John    Arrow,    May    23,    1758 ;  chaplain, 
50th  Foot,  March  18,  1760,  to  Dec.  3,  1760. 
Peter  Platell,  March  29,  1760,  to  1761. 
George  Farren,  March  4,  1761,  to  1785. 
John  Manning,  July  13,  1785  ;  retired  1796. 
Samuel  Turner,  June  4,  1796,  to  1797. 
MAZINGARBE. 

ANGLO-SAXON  RIDDLE,  '  THE  CUCKOO. '— 
Where  can  I  find  a  modern  English  version 
of  the  Anglo  -  Saxon  riddt",  No.  II.  ( '  The 
Cuckoo  '),  in  Sweet's '  Anglo-Saxon  Reader  '  ? 

STUDENT. 

DE  HARYNGY. — In  three  fourteenth- cen- 
tury records  of  almost  identical  date  the 
following  names  occur  : — 

1316.  Bernard  Domini  Haringi  de  Pullicis 
(Close  Roll,  p.  328). 

1316.  Bernard  de  Haryngy  (Pat.  Roll,  p.  609). 

1317.  Bernard  Haryngi  (Pat.  Roll,  p.   631). 
The  references  are  obviously  to  the  same 

person,  who  is  described  as  of  Florence  in 
the  first  and  second  of  these  records,  but  his 
connexion  with  England  is  clear  from  the 
fact  that  the  second  roll  refers  to  a  Suffolk 
deed,  and  the  third  mentions  that  he  was  a 
citizen  of  London.  How  may  the  surname 
and  its  variations  be  accounted  for  ?  Can 
the  name  as  a  place-name  be  identified  ? 

S.  J.  MADGE. 
69,  Oakfield  Road,  Stroud  Green,  N.4. 

ARMAGEDDON  CHAPEL,  CLIFTON.  —  In 
Thackeray's  '  Pendennis,'  chap,  ii.,  Arma- 
geddon Chapel  is  spoken  of  as  being  in 
Clifton.  Can  any  reader  say  if  this  is  still 
in  existence,  and,  if  so,  by  what  name  is  it 
now  known  ? 

I  am  a  visitor  to  Clifton  and  should  feel 
interested  in  any  information. 

H.  R.  HANHAM. 

60,  Alma  Road,  Clifton,  Bristol. 

LADY  GUILDFORD. — Was  the  lady  of  this 
name,  who  had  a  priest  arrested  at  her 
London  house,  April  4,  1574,  Dame  Eliza- 
beth Guildford,  daughter  of  John  Shelley 
Esq.,  of  Michelgrove,  Clapham,  Sussex, 
and  Mary,  his  wife,  daughter  of  Sir  William 
Fitzwilliam,  Knt.,  of  Gaynes  Park,  Co. 
Essex,  as  suggested  ft  12  S.  ix.  422  ?  This 
Dame  Elizabeth  was  the  wife  of  Sir  Thomas 


110 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[12  S.  X.  FEB.  11,  1922. 


Guildford,  Knt.,  son,  by  his  first  wife,  of 
Sir  John  Guildford,  Knt.,  of  Benenden,  Co. 
Kent. 

Or  was  she  perhaps  Dame  Mary  Guild  - 
ford,  the  above-mentioned  John  Shelley's 
widow,  who  was  the  second  wife  of  the 
above-mentioned  Sir  John  Guildford,  and 
Dame  Elizabeth's  mother,  as  well  as  her 
stepmother-in-law  ? 

For  both  these  ladies  see  MB.  EVEBITT'S 
interesting  communication  at  10  S.  iv.  55. 
JOHN  B.  WAINE WRIGHT. 

CROFT  OF  BARFORTH  :  LEEDES  OF  NORTH 
MILFORD  (TADCASTER). — Are  there  any 
direct  representatives  of  these  two  old 
Yorkshire  families  at  the  present  day  ? 

They  lived  at  the  above  places  at  the 
beginning  of  the  eighteenth  century. 

P.  E.  G. 

SAMUEL  HARTLIB  (1600-1662). — Can  any- 
one tell  me  where  this  friend  of  Milton  re- 
sided in  England  and  where  he  is  buried  ? 
His  mother  is  said  to  have  been  English,  but 
I  should  be  glad  of  information  on  this  point 
too.  LAURANCE  M.  WULCKO. 

142,  Kinfauns  Road,  Goodmayes,  Essex. 

CHEVALIEB  SCHAUB. — -When  King  Stanis- 
law  of  Poland  came  to  London  in  1754  he 
stayed  with  Chevalier  Schaub,  a  naturalized 
Swiss.  I  should  be  glad  of  information  re- 
garding this  latter  gentleman  and  whether 
it  is  known  where  he  resided. 

LAUBANCE  M.  WULCKO. 

142,  Kinfauns  Road,  Goodmayes, 


THE  H6TEL  VOUILLEMONT. — Can  anyone 
tell  me  when  what  is  now  the  Hotel  Vouille- 
mont,  in  the  Rue  Boissy  d'Anglas,  Paris, 
ceased  to  be  a  private  residence  and  became 
a  hotel,  and  if  any  records  exist  of  the 
Vouillemont  family  ?  G.  F.  W. 

JAMES  CONWAY,  sometimes  called  "  The 
Policeman  Poet,"  author  of  '  St.  Godric 
and  other  Poems  '  and  '  Home  Lyrics,'  a 
resident  of  Liverpool  in  the  eighties.  Can 
any  reader  give  biographical  details  of  him 
or  say  when  and  where  he  died  ? 

W.  N.  C. 

EDWABD  CAPEBN,  the  "Robert  Burns" 
of  Devon,  friend  of  Harrison  Weir,  and 
quondam  resident  of  Braunton.  When 
and  where  did  he  die  ?  W.  N.  C. 

HEBALDIC  MOTTOES. — I  shall  be  much 
obliged  for  any  answers  which  describe  a 
book  or  books  containing  lists  of  heraldic 


mottoes.  A  book  which  gives,  in  addition* 
some  brief  account  of  the  circumstances 
(where  known)  under  which  the  mottoes  were 
acquired  will  be  still  more  useful  for  my  pur- 
pose— my  purpose  being  that  of  illustration  in 
preaching  and  teaching.  T.  H.  SOULBY. 
Kestor  Gien,  Chagford,  South  Devon. 

PIMLICO. — Can  any  reader  tell  me  the 
origin  of  the  name  "  Pimlico  "  ?  Why  was 
that  part  of  London  so  called  ?  H.  E. 

[This  subject  has  often  been  discussed  in  our 
columns  and  the  following  references  might  be 
consulted  :  1  S.  i.  383,  474  ;  ii.  13  ;  v.  260 — 5  S.  viii. 
168—6  S.  ix.  148,  253,  295,  357,  418  ;  xi.  68,  176— 
10  S.  iii.  182,  254  ;  x.  401,  457,  514  ;  xi.  75,  133, 
194,  310,  414 — 11  S.  xii.  364.] 

HUGUENOT  BIBLE. — Can  any  reader  con- 
versant with  various  editions  of  the  Bible 
throw  any  light  at  all  on  the  particular  issue 
as  described  on  the  title  page  as  follows  ? — 

La  Bible  ]  qui  est  |  Toute  la  |  Sancte  Escri- 
toire du  vieil  et  Nouveau  Testament  Autrement  | 
L'Ancienne  et  la  Nouvelle  Alliance.  Le  tout 
revev  confer^  sur  les  Textes  Hebriaux  et  Grecs  | 
A  Sedan  |  Par  Jean  Jannon  [  Imprimeur  de  1'  Aca- 
demie  |  M.D.C.XXXHI. 

The  edition  in  question  is  12mo  bound  in 
calf  gilt,  and  the  cover  scoriated  with  neat 
ornamentative  quavering.  There  also  ap- 
pears an  oval  cut  on  the  title  page. 

ANEUBIN  WLLLIAMS. 

Menai  View,  North  Road,  Carnarvon. 

LOBD       BEACONSFIELD       AND       UDE,       THE 

COOK. — In  Lord  Beaconsfield's  '  Letters,' 
edited  by  Ralph  Disraeli  (1887  ed., 
p.  146),  under  date  of  February,  1839,  there 
is  the  following  : — 

There  has  been  a  row  at  Crockford's  and  Ude 
dismissed.  He  told  the  Committee  he  was  worth 
£10,000  a  year.  ...  He  told  Wombwell  that  in 
spite  of  his  £10,000  a  year  he  was  miserable  in 
retirement. 

In  vol.  ii.  of  Lord  Beaconsfield's  'Life,' 
by  Monypenny,  pp.  39  and  40,  the  same 
incident  is  referred  to,  thus  : — 

13  Oct.  1838.  He  told  the  Committee  he  was 
worth  £4,000  a  year.  ...  He  told  Wombwell  in 
spite  of  his  £4,000  a  year,  &c. 

Can  anyone  suggest  any  explanation  for 
this  discrepancy  in  the  figures  ? 

I  should  also  be  glad  to  know  the  date 
and  place  of  Tide's  death. 

FBEDEBICK  C.  WHITE. 

JOSEPH  AUTEBAC  was  admitted  to  West- 
minster School  in  June,  1774.  I  should  be 
slad  to  obtain  any  information  about  him. 

G.  F.  R.  B. 


12  S.  X.  FEB.  11,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


Ill 


SIB  RICHARD  BLACKMORE,  M.D. — When 
and  whom  did  he  marry  ?  The  '  D.N.B.,' 
v.  129,  merely  states  that  there  is  a 
monument  in  the  church  at  Boxted  to  the 
memory  of  Sir  Richard  and  his  wife,  Dame 
Mary  Blackmore.  G.  F.  R.  B. 

MAYHEW. — I    am    anxious    to    find    out 
;about  the  Mayhews.     My  maternal  grand- 
mother was  a  Miss  Ellen    Mayhew  before 
her  marriage  to  John  Meeson  Parsons,  and 
was    a    daughter    of    Jane    Mayhew     (nee  \ 
Gilding)  and  "  John  Mayhew  the  Younger,"  j 
about  whom  I  know  nothing. 

E.  F.  OAKELEY  (Major). 

The  Gables,  Eynsham,  Oxon. 

GREAT  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS. — What  are  the 
twelve  "  Great  Public  Schools  "  in  order  of  | 
importance  and  seniority  ?  F.  J.  H. 

KING  AND  ORMISTON  FAMILIES. — Will 
.anyone  having  access  to  the  pedigree  of 
the  Ormiston  of  Ormiston  family  give  me 
particulars  of  any  marriage  between  mem- 
bers of  these  families  ?  The  Kings  belonged  ' 
toDalkeith.  JAMES  SETON- ANDERSON. 

39,  Carlisle  Road,  Hove,  Sussex. 

AUTHORS  WANTED. — 1.  Can  any  of  your  readers 
tell  me  where  the  following  quotation  comes 
from  : — 

"  Behind  our  life  the  Weaver  stands, 

And  works  His  wondrous  will. 
We  leave  it  in  His  all- wise  hands, 
And  trust  His  perfect  will. 

Should  mystery  enshroud  His  plan, 

And  our  short  sight  be  dim, 
We  will  not  try  the  whole  to  scan, 

But  leave  each  thread  to  Him." 

ARTHUR  F.  G.  LEVESON  GOWER. 

2.  "  The  people  take  the  thing  of  course, 

They  marvel  not  to  see 
This  strange,  unnatural  divorce 

Bi-twixt  delight  and  me.V      A.  E.  H. 

3.  I  should  be  grateful  to  know  where  the  follow- 
ing verses  are  to  be  found,  or  whether  or  not  the 
last    line    but    two    is     correctly    rendered    with 
41  loveliness  "  : — 

11  What  silences  we  keep  year  after  year 

With  those  who  are  most  near  to  us  and  dear. 
We  live  beside  each  other  day  by  day 
And  speak  of  myriad  things,  but  seldom  say 
The  full  sweet  words  that  lie  just  in  our  reach 
Beneath  the  common-place  of  common  speech. 
Then  out  of  sight  and  out  of  reach  they  go, 
These  dear  familiar  friends  who  loved  us  so  ; 
And  sitting  in  the  shadow  they  have  left, 
Alone   with   loveliness  [?   loneliness]    and    sore 

bereft, 

We  think  with  vain  regret  of  some  kind  word 

That   once   we   might   have  said  and  they  have 

heard."  G.  C. 


THE  TROUTBECK  PEDIGREE. 

(12  S.  x.  21,  77,  97.) 

THIS  family  (of  which  an  account  appeared 
in  4  S.  iv.  276)  is  one  in  which  I  am 
much  interested.  I  have  been  for  some 
time  trying  to  compile  a  complete  and 
accurate  pedigree,  but  I  have  found  it  a 
task  of  great  difficulty.  The  following  are 
a  few  extracts  from  my  Troutbeck  notes 
which  bear  upon  the  points  raised  by  DR. 
HAMILTON  HALL  :— 

Sir  William  Troutbek  died  8  Sept..  2 
Henry  VIII.  ;  Margaret,  wife  of  John  Talbot,  Esq., 
and  daughter  of  Adam  Troutbek,  brother  of  Sir 
William,  aged  sixteen,  is  his  next  heir  (Inquisi- 
tions, Chester,  3/00,  No.  7,  May  7,  4  HenryVIII.). 

Livery  of  the  lands  of  Sir  William  Troutbeke, 
in  Herefordshire,  Wilts,  Salop,  the  town  of  Glou- 
cester, Devon,  Wales,  and  Calais,  to  Margaret,  wife 
of  John  Talbot,  arid  daughter  of  Adam  Troutbeke, 
Sir  William's  brother  (Letters  and  Papers, 
Henry  VIII.,  May  5,  1512). 

Dec.,  4  Henry  VIII.  [1512]  :  John  Talbot  and 
Margaret,  his  wife,  v.  William  Pole  and  Margaret, 
his  wife  (widow  of  Sir  William  Troutbeck),  re 
Manor  of  Brynstath,  &c.  (Chester  Fines,  file  38). 

Sir  John  Talbot  and  Margery,  his  wife,  v.  Sir 
John  Husy,  re  three  messuages,  &c.,  in  Oxi  Richard 
and  Watford,  Herts.  The  following  pedigree  is 
alleged :  John  Troutbeck,  temp.  Henry  VI.,  by 
Margery,  his  wife,  had  issue  (besides  John,  the 
uncle,  who  died  s.p.)  William,  his  son  and  heir, 
who  had  issue  William,  who  died  s.p.,  and  Adam, 
whose  daughter  Margery  married  John  Talbot, 
the  plaintiff  (De  Banco  Roll,  Trinity,  17  Henry 
VIII.  [15251— Plantagenet  Harrison's  Notes). 

Richard  Troutbeck,  gent.,  was  a  trustee  of  the 
marriage  settlement  of  Thomas  Pole  and  Mary, 
daughter  of  Sir  John  Talbot  of  Grafton. 

Richard  Troutbeke  v.  Joan  Troutbeke,  widow  ; 
Fine  —  premises  in  Elton  (Chester  Plea  Rolls,  33 
Henry  VIII.,  pt.  1,  m.  5).  [Not  examined.] 

16  Aug.,  4/5  Philip  and  Mary  [1557] :  an  inden- 
ture mentioned,  by  Margaret  Chorlton,  widow, 
sometime  wife  of  Richard  Troutbeck,  late  of  New- 
port, Salop,  gent.,  concerning  land  in  Troughford 
[Trafford],  which  the  said  Richard  on  8  April,  1 
Edward  VI.  [15471  had  demised  to  William 
Leche  (Harl.  MSS.,  2079,  f.  51,  82). 

My  in'erest  in  the  Trou' beaks  centres 
chiefly  at  present  in  the  following  : — 

1.  Agnes,  cousin  of  John  Troutbeck,  Chamber- 
lain of  Chester,  and  perhaps  daughter  (?  and 
heiress)  of  Thomas  Troutbeck,  one  of  the  Cheshire 
archers  at  Agincourt,  probably  a  brother  of 
William  (John's  father),  who  camo  from  the 
place  of  his  name  in  Westmorland  and  founded 
the  family  in  Cheshire!  She  married,  first,  John 
de  Dedwode  of  Chester,  Deputy  Chamberlain  of 
that  city  to  William  and  John  Troutbeck,  who 
died  in  1445  and  by  whom  she  had  dower  in 
Chester,  which  was  the  subject  of  various  actions. 
She  married,  secondly,  about  1440-7,  William 


112 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


12  S.  X.  FEB.  11,  1922. 


Denny,  Esq.,  of  London,  by  whom  she  was  mother 
of  Sir  Edmund  Denny,  Baron  of  the  Exchequer,  ^  c. 
2.  Robert  Troutbeck  of  Trafford,  Cheshire,  dead 
by  1508.  He  is  said  to  have  been  the  third  son  of 
Sir  William  Troutbeck  of  Durham  (son  and  heir  of 
John)  by  Margaret  Stanley,  his  wife,  and  brother 
of  Sir  William  and  Adam.  But  he  may  in  reality 
have  been  the  son  of  Miles  Troutbeck  of  Astbury, 
who  was  probably  a  brother  of  the  first  William 
(the  founder).  In  the  Visitations,  &c.,  Robert  Trout- 
beck  is  said  to  have  had  a  daughter  and  co-heiress, 
Mary,  who  married  (as  second  wife)  Sir  Edmund  . 
Denny,  above  named,  and  was  the  mother  by  i 
him  of  the  Right  Hon.  Sir  Anthony  Denny  and 
many  other  children. 

I  shou'd  be  very  glad  to  obtain  any 
further  information  concerning  Agnes  and 
Robert  Troutbeck. 

I      have,      however,     recently     obtained  | 
evidence  which  tends  to  sLow  that   Mary, ! 
wife  of  Sir  Edmund  Denny,  may  have  been  j 
the   daughter   of   John   Coke   of  Newbury, 
Beds,  and  not  a  Troutbeck,  in  which  case 
the    Troutbeck    coat,    differenced    with    a 
mullet,  which  was  quartered  by  Sir  An  h<  >ny 
Denny,  would  no  doubt  have  been  brought 
in  by  the  above-named  Agnes. 

The  Troutbeck  pedigrees  in  the  Harleian 
MSS.  are  very  unsatisfactory.  The  best 
printed  pedigrees  are  those  in  The  Warrington 
Guardian  for  June,  &c.,  1878  (by  W.  Beamont), 
and  in  Earwaker's  c  St.  Mary's,  Chester.' 

If  the  Troutbeck  documents  which  are, 
I  understand,  in  the  possession  of  the  Earl 
of  Shrewsbury  could  be  properly  examined 
they  would,  no  doubt,  throw  much  light 
on  this  subject.  (REV.)  H.  L.  L.  DENNY. 
St.  Mark's  Vicarage,  60,  Myddelton  Square, 

MEILER  MAGRATH,  ARCHBISHOP  OF 
CASHEL  (12  S.  viii,  470  ;  x.  59).— The  following 
is  a  copy  from  '  Some  Funeral  Entries  of 
Ireland,'  published  in  vol.  xi.,No.  3,  Part  II., 
of  the  Association  for  the  Preservation  of  the 
Memorials  of  the  Dead  in  Ireland,  1909, 
p.  106  :— 

(257)     The  Bt.  Reverd.     Father  in   God  Mil-  , 
erius    Magrath    Lod.    Archbishopp    of    Chashell, 
died   9br  the   14th   1622.     He  had  to  wife  Amy  | 
Daughter  of   John  o  Mare  of  Lysiriusga  in  Co.  j 
Tipperary,  by  whom  he  had  issue  Tirlough,  Red-  j 
mond,  Brien,  Markes,  James,  Mary,  Cicely,  Ann 
<fc   Ellis.      He  is  buried  in   the  Cathedll.    Church  | 
Chashell,  call'd  St.  Patricks. 

The  following  are  notes  from  the  writer's 
pedigree  of  the  family : — 

1.  Tirlough,    married    Catherine,    daughter    of 
Edmund    Butler,     1st    Baron     Dunboyne,     and  ! 
was  ancestor  of  the  Magraths,  Baronets  cf  Ard-  ! 
mollane,  Co.  Tipperary,  created  June  5,   1629. 

2.  Redmond,    of    Ballyniore,    Co.    Tipperary, 
was-  ancestor    of   the    family   which   was    trans-  , 


planted   to  Lecarrow,  in  the  Co.  Clare.     He  was 
living  hi  166J,  and  was  then  90  years  old. 

3.  Bryan,  or  Barnaby,    of    Bleane,     Co.     Tip- 
perary,    married     Mary,     daughter    of     Phillip- 
O'Dwyer  of  Kilnamanagh,  Co.  Tipporary,  and  wa"s 
ancestor  of  the  family  of  Bleane.    Ho  died  in  1 629 .. 

4.  Marcus,     married     Catherine,    daughter     of 
Thomas  Butler  of    Ardmayle,  and  also    Frances, 
daughter   of   Thomas   Stracye   of     Ardbally,    Co, 
Kerry.     He  had  issue  and  died  April  14,  1639. 

5.  James,  had  a  grant  of  lands,  1610. 
i.  Mary,  married  Malcolm  Hamilton. 

ii.  Cicely,  or  Giles,  married,  first,  John  Butler 
of  Ardiinnian,Co.  Tipperary,  and,  secondly,  John 
O'Dwyer  of  Dundrum,  Co.  Tipperary. 

iii.  Ann,  married  James  Butler  of  Kilmoyler,. 
Co.  Tipperary. 

iv.  Ellis,  married  Sir  John  Bowen,  Knt.,  of 
Ballyadams. 

The  writer  knows  nothing  of  Meiler's 
second  wife,  but  has  a  good  deal  of  informa- 
tion about  the  descendants  of  his  sons. 
He  is  much  interested  in  the  genealogy  of 
the  family,  and  will  be  glad  to  give  any 
further  information  in  his  possession  to- 
G.  F.  R.  'B.  and  to  receive  some  from  him, 
or  from  MR.  J.  B.  WHITMORE,  who  writes  at 
the  second  reference. 

T.  BLAKE  BUTLER. 

49,  Stanhope  Gardens,  S.W.7. 

LAUNCHING  OF  SKIPS  (12  S.  x.  31,  76).— 
Yes,  ships  are  launched  stern  first  for  mecha- 
nical reasons.  The  greatest  depth,  beam, 
and  weight  are  aft,  and  when  the  stern  is 
waterborne  in  launching  it  keeps  the  vessel 
on  an  even  keel.  If  launched  bow  first,  the 
vessel  would  go  right  under,  owing  to  the 
sharp  bow  and  paucity  of  beam.  In  a  few 
instances  determined  by  local  considerations- 
vessels  are  built  broadside  to  the  water,  and 
are  so  launched.  F.  J.  H. 

Your  correspondent  CAPT.  W.  JAGGARD 
gives  incorrect  reasons  for  launching  a  ship 
stern  first.  Motion  is  obtained  by  the  de- 
clivity of  ways,  and  bow  or  stern  first  makes 
no  difference  to  the  momentum.  A  number 
of  technical  details  point  to  stern  first  being 
the  most  suitable  method.  Consideration 
should  be  given  to  the  following :  De- 
clivity of  building  berth  ;  declivity  of  launch- 
ing ways  ;  difference  in  draught  forward  and 
aft ;  on  leaving  the  ways  prevention  of 
"  tipping  "  by  a  preponderance  in  buoyancy 
moment  ;  the  shape  of  the  bow  with 
regard  to  clearing  the  end  of  the  berth  as. 
the  vessel  becomes  waterborne. 

Vessels  are  launched  sideways  when  the 
canal  or  river  is  too  narrow  for  a  launch  iit 
the  usual  way.  A.  M.  I.  N.  A. 


ias.x.FHB.11,1922.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


113 


BLUE  BEARD  (12  S.  x.  68). — I  remember 
when  living  in  the  Peshawar  Valley  (1877- 
1883)  becoming  well  acquainted  with  Sher 
Khan,  the  old  blind  Khan  of  Hazro,  some 
miles  from  Attock  in  the  Chach  Plain. 
When  I  was  first  introduced  to  him  by  my 
friend  Thos.  Lambert  Barlow,  of  the  Salt 
Revenue  Department,  a  man  intensely 
beloved  and  respected  by  all  the  natives 
of  those  parts,  I  was  amazed  to  see  that 
he  had  a  dark  blue  beard.  Mussulmans  of 
the  Upper  Punjab  do  not  like  grey  beards. 
They  dye  them  first  red,  a  practice,  if  I 
remember  rightly,  noted  by  Arrian,  and 
over  the  red  they  wash  in  an  indigo  b  ue. 
Sher  Khan,  a  fine  old  gentleman  and  hand- 
some, was  by  no  means  the  only  Blue 
Beard  whom  I  now  remember. 

CHARLES  SWYNNERTON. 

DE  KEMPLEN'S  AUTOMATON  CHESS- 
PLAYER (12  S.  x.  72). — I  should  greatly 
like  to  see  the  explanation  of  the  working 
of  the  above,  as  from  MR.  ALECK  ABRAHAMS'S 
description  of  it,  it  appears  to  be  similar  to 
the  one  which  I  saw  on  the  stage  in  South 
Africa  some  35  years  ago.  Speaking  from 
memory,  the  player  was  in  the  form  of  a 
dummy  boy  dressed  as  a  Turk,  and  sitting 
cross-legged  as  a  tailor  on  a  base  perhaps 
2ft.  Gin.  square  and  a  couple  of  inches  thick. 
The  base  was  supported  on  a  hollow  cylinder 
of  plain  transparent  glass  about  1ft  in 
diameter  and  18in.  high  ;  this  in  turn  was 
supported  on  another  wooden  base  on  four 
legs.  The  size  of  the  dummy  boy  was  about 
that  of  a  boy  of  eight  years  of  age.  I  have 
no  recollection  of  the  hands  of  the  dummy 
moving  the  pieces,  but  seem  to  recollect 
that  there  was  a  semicircular  frame  in  front 
of  one  of  the  hands,  and  this  frame  may 
have  contained  a  series  of  cards  by  combina- 
tions of  which  the  movements  could  be 
indicated,  in  the  well-known  way  in  which 
chess  problems  are  recorded.  I  have  a 
recollection  of  the  hand  describing  a  semi- 
circle in  a  horizontal  plane.  It  was  a  com- 
plete puzzle  to  me  at  the  time,  and  I  have 
no  idea  how  the  mechanism  was  directed 
or  worked.  A.  S.  E.  ACKERMANN. 

Has  MR.  ABRAHAMS  consulted  the  British 
Museum  catalogue  under  "  Kempelen,"  which 
is  the  correct  spelling  of  the  name  ?  I  do 
not  remember  whether  the  few  entries  given 
there  include  a  reference  to  Edgar  Allan  Poe, 
who  has  also  attempted  to  solve  the  mystery 
of  the  automaton.  His  paper  on  this 
.subject  is  included  in  his  Collected  Works. 


i  The   automaton  eventually  found  its  wray 

,  to  the  United  States  and  perished  there  in 

I  a  conflagration.     Full   details   of   the   inci- 

i  dent,  &c.,  were  published  in  an  American 

chess  annual  in  comparatively  recent  times r 

but  unfortunately  I  am  unable  to  give  the 

reference.  L.  L.  K. 

COLE-  OR  COALE-RENTS  (12  S.  x.  70).— 
|The  period  named,  1661-67,  suggests  at 

once  the  time  of  the  hearth  tax,  and, 
!  though  I  have  not  hitherto  heard  that 
I  unpopular  tax  so  described,  it  is  perhaps 
;  worth  investigation.  I  have  an  original 
|  official  manuscript  relating  to  a  neigh - 
i  bouring  district,  entitled  '  Accompt  of  all 

ye  Fyer -hearths  in  ye  countle  of  Bedford,' 
|  1663,  showing  the  parishes,  constables^, 
i  hearth-holders  and  taxes  levied.  The 

original  tax  was  one  shilling  per  hearth, 
i  which  coincides  with  Edward  Swannell's 
j  payment,  but  1661  does  not  agree  with 
I  1663,  the  first  year  of  this  hated  impost. 
'Afterwards  the  rate  was  increased  to  two 
j  shillings  per  fireplace,  and  finally  abolished 
|  in  1689.  W.  JAGGARD  (Capt.). 

In  the  adjoining  parish  of  Kingstone 
j  Seamore  there  are  some  fields  called 
I  Colefree  Land"  about  which  there  wa& 
jmuch  litigation  in  1702  (vide  Collinson's 
i  '  History  of  Somerset ' ).  The  meaning  of  the 
,  name  has  never  been  explained  in  spite  of 
(frequent  inquiry.  The  fields  in  question. 
i  are  in  the  flat  land  not  far  from  the  Bristol 
i  Channel.  H.  C.  BARNARD. 

The  Grey  House,  Yatton,  Somerset. 

CHARM  or  ST.  COLME  (12.  S.  ix.  330,  376).— 

jDr.  Lauchlan  M.  Watt  of  Edinburgh  tells 

|  me,  with  regard  to  "  St.  Bride  and  her  brat," 

that    in    West    Highland    legend    Bride    is 

'  the  foster-mother  of  Christ,  her  "  brat  "  or 

garment   a   symbol   of    purity.      He   gives 

several     quotations     from     the     Gaelic     in 

which    the    words     "  brat "     and     "  brot " 

refer  to  the  garments  of  holy  persons  as- 

a  protection  against  evil. 

As  to  "  St.  Colme  and  his  cat "  he  writes  : — 

St.  John's  wort  was  holy  to  St.  Columba — he 

is  said  to  have  carried  it  on  his  person — it  is  called 

|  Caod    cJialnim   chelle  =  the    hail     of     Columba.. 

This  might  be  the  orgin  of  the  word  cat  in   tho 

charm.  .~3 

W.  COURTHOPE  FORMAN.'g] 

BEARS  (12  S.  x.  72). — In  reply  to  MR. 
ACKERMANN,  I  think  the  three  most  dan- 
gerous animals,  under  normal  conditions,  are 
buffalo,  bear,  lion  in  the  order  named- 


114 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[12  S.  X.  FED.  11,  10: 


The  danger  in  regard  to  bears  is  mainly 
attributable  to  their  extraordinarily  un- 
certain temper.  FLEETWOOD  WILSON. 

BRITISH  SETTLERS  IN  AMERICA  (12  S.  ix. 
462,  517,  521;  x.  57).— I  am  indebted  to 
MRS.  MAUD  M.  MORRIS  for  her  correction 
(at  12  S.  ix.  517)  of  the  name  of  the 
•Governor  of  New  York.  The  pedigree 
of  the  Brockholls  or  Brockholes  (of  Claugh- 
ton)  family  in  '  Burke's  Landed  Gentry  ' 
does  not  show  Governor  Anthony  Brock- 
holes  as  being  a  member  of  that  family, 
and  I  should  be  glad  if  any  reader  could 
supply  the  missing  link. 

As  mentioned  (at  12  S.  ix.  463),  Frederic 
Philippse  married  Joanna,  daughter  of 
Governor  Brockholes,  and  had,  with  other 
issue,  Susan,  who  was  married  to  Col.  Beverley 
Robinson,  who  died  at  Bath,  April  9,  1792. 
Col.  Beverley  Robinson's  fourth  son  was 
General  Sir  Frederick  Philippse  Robinson, 
G.C.B.,  a  venerable  and  very  gallant  officer 
who,  at  his  death  in  Brighton,  Jan.  1,  1852, 
was  the  oldest  soldier  in  the  British  Army. 
He  entered  the  service  as  an  Ensign  in 
February,  1777,  and  rising  through  the 
various  grades  became  a  General  in  1841. 
The  military  career  of  Philippse  Robinson 
was  long  and  glorious,  extending  over  a 
period  of  seventy-five  years,  and  passing 
amidst  some  of  the  brightest  achievements 
of  his  country.  For  five  years  he  was  in 
the  first  American  War,  and  was  present  in 
the  several  battles  fought  during  that 
period.  Subsequently,  in  1794,  he  went 
to  the  West  Indies  and  shared  in  the  cap- 
ture of  Martinique,  St.  Lucia,  and  Guade- 
loupe ;  he  was  also  at  the  •  storming  of 
Fleur  d'Epee  and  the  Heights  of  Palmiste. 
In  1812,  Philippse  Robinson  joined  the 
army  in,  the  Peninsula.  At  the  battle  of 
Vittoria  he  commanded  the 'brigade  which 
carried  the  village  of  .  Gamozza  Mayo  without 
firing  one  shot.  He  also  was  present  at  the 
first  and  second  assaults  on  San  Sebastian, 
being  severely  wounded  at  the  second  attack. 
He  took  part  in  the  passage  of  the  Bidassoa, 
the  grand  reconnaissance  before  Bayonne  ; 
the  battle  of  the  Nive,  being  there  again 
severely  wounded ;  in  the  blockade  of 
Bayonne,  and  in  the  repulse  of  the  sortie 
from  that  place,  wrhen  he  succeeded  to  the 
command  of  the  5th  Division  of  the  Army. 
In  June,  1814,  Ma  j  or -General  Robinson 
went  to  North  America  in  command  of  a 
brigade,  and  he  led  the  forces  intended  for 
-the  attack  of  Plattsburg,  but  received 
orders  to  retire  after  having  forced  the 


passage  of  the  Saranac.  Soon  afterwards 
he  was  named  Commander-in-Chief  and 
Provisional  Governor  of  the  Upper  Provinces, 
which  appointment  he  held  until  June,  1816. 
He  had  received  the  gold  medal  with  two 
clasps  for  Vittoria,  San  Sebastian  and  the 
Nive. 

In  1838  Sir  Frederick  Philippse  Robinson 
was  made  a  G.C.B.,  and  in  1840  he  got  the 
colonelcy  of  the  39th  Regiment.  Sir 
Frederick  married,  first,  the  daughter  of 
Thomas  Bowles,  Esq.,  of  Charleville  ;  and, 
secondly,  Miss  Fanshaugh.  He  died  in 
his  88th  year. 

Sir  Frederick's  grandfather  was  John 
Robinson,  President  of  the  Council  of 
Virginia.  The  latter  married  Catherine, 
daughter  of  Robert  Beverley,  formerly  of 
Beverley  in  Yorkshire. 

The  Beverley's  claim  descent  from  John 
of  Beverley,  who  was  born  at  Harpham,  on 
the  wolds  of  Yorkshire,  about  the  year  640. 
JAMES  SETON-ANDERSON. 

39,  Carlisle  Road,  Hove,  Sussex. 

BREWERS'  COMPANY  (12  S.  ix.  431,  478, 
517). — It  may  be  added  to  the  general  in- 
formation supplied  that  the  interesting 
buildings  at  18,  Addle  Street,  the  courtyard, 
arcade,  hall,  screens,  court-room,  &c.,  well 
repay  inspection.  The  buildings  date  from 
1667.  As  a  special  item  dealing  with  this 
Company  it  should  be  stated  that  it  possessed 
a  notable  clerk,  Mr.  Alexander  Whitchurch, 
attorney.  His  portrait  was  painted  (which 
was  not  at  all  uncommon),  and  it  was  also 
honoured  with  a  good  mezzotint  plate 
6 Jin.  X  Sin. ,  showing  a  dignified  yet  cheerful 
gentleman  in  wig  and  ruffles,  holding  a  roll 
of  papers,  and  leaning  on  a  book  of  minutes 
for  1776.  The  engraver  is  not  known.  The 
Company  has  a  rather  indifferent  impression, 
one  is  in  the  British  Museum,  and  I  possess 
a  good  impression.  The  minutes  of  the 
Company  show  that  Mr.  Whitchurch  was 
elected  clerk  on  July  8,  1757,  and  at  the 
court  held  on  April  12,  1782,  his  death  was 
reported.  The  Company  does  not  possess 
the  original  portrait,  and  it  would  be  in- 
teresting to  know  where  it  is. 

W.  H.  Q.UARRELL. 

PICTURES  IN  THE  HERMITAGE  AT  PETRO- 
GRAD  (12  S.  ix.  528). — To  two  people,  both  of 
them  likely  to  be  well  informed,  I  have  put 
the  question,  "  Where  are  the  pictures  that 
were  once  in  the  Hermitage  ?  "  and  both 
made  the  same  reply,  "  They  are  in  the 
Hermitage."  T.  PERCY  ARMSTRONG. 


12  s.x.  PEC  11,1022.1         NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  115 


SURNAMES  AS  CHRISTIAN  NAMES  (12  S.  Menken's  body  was  laid  in  a  temporary 
ix.  370,  437,  474,  511).  —  According  to  the  j  grave  in  Pere  Lachaise  when  she  died  in 
Granville  Pedigree  (Roger  Granville,  *  History  |  Paris  in  August,  1868,  but  it  was  removed,  at 
of  the  Granville  Family,'  1895),  Sir  Thomas  ;  the  instance,  I  believe,  of  one  of  the  Roth- 
Granville  (d.  1513)  married  the  daughter  schild  family,  to  the  Jewish  portion  of  the 
of  Sir  Otes  Gilbert,  and  Sir  Thomas's  daughter  cemetery  of  Montparnasse  on  April  21, 
Joan  was  married  to  Wymond  Raleigh  im-  1869,  where  it  now  rests. 
mediately  after  her  father's  death.  Various  misstatements  about  her  burial  - 

M.  H.  DODDS.        place  were  fully  exposed  by  me  in  a  letter 

THF-  A™*  OF  T™™  H5>  «5    iv    ^07  •  Y   :  which  appeared  in  The  Referee  of  June  27, 

LEEDS    (iZ    fe.    IX.    50  /        X.      19Q9  WlLLOTJGHBY    MAYCOCK. 

56,  72).  —  I  am  curious  to  know  what  kind 
of  helmet  has  been  granted  to  Leeds.     Does 

it  figure  as  a  noble,  a  baronet  or  knight,  or  JoHN  WESLEY  s  FIRST  PUBLICATION 
as  a  mere  esquire  ?  ST.  SWITHIN.  (*2  S.  x.  9).—  According  to  the  Catalogue 

of    Manuscripts,    Relics    .  .  .    Books,    &c., 

DANTE'S  BEARD  (12  S.  ix.  271,  315,  378,  I  belonging  to  the  Wesleyan  Methodist  Con- 
436  ;  x.  56).  —  I  do  not  think  the  idea  of  the^e  ference,'  published  a  few  weeks  ago,  the 
being  any  connexion  between  the  smoothness  ;  edition  of  John  Wesley's  work,  '  The  Chris  - 
or  the  roughness  of  Dante's  chin  and  his  tian's  Pattern,'  published  in  1735  (and 
mourning  for  Beatrice  ever  occurred  to  me,  which  your  correspondent  possesses)  t»  is 
and  I  must  have  expressed  myself  very  badly  mentioned  specifically  as  being  the  first 
for  MR.  T.  PERCY  ARMSTRONG  to  find  such  a  edition.  •  Later  editions  were  issued  in 
theory  in  my  unimportant  remarks.  !  1763  and  1815.  ARCHIBALD  SPARKE. 

I  may  as  well  take  this  opportunity  of 

saying  that,  without  believing  Dante  to  be  a  '  BRITISH  MELODIES  '  (12  S.  x.  48).  —  In 
man  of  fashion,  I  thought  it  possible  that  the  late  Mr.  Bertram  Dobell's  '  Catalogue 
some  habit  of  the  day  in  which  he  lived  j  of  Books  printed  for  Private  Circulation  * 
might  have  had  an  influence  on  his  use  or  dis-  !  (London,  1906),  this  book  is  offered  for  sale 
use  of  the  razor.  I  think  the  Greek  sym-  at  4s.  Qd.  In  a  footnote  Mr.  Dobell  says  that 
bohsm,  to  which  Mr.  Armstrong  refers,  would  though  '  British  Meolodies  '  bears  no  date  it 
hardly  affect  the  artists  who  tried  to  portray  may  be  pretty  confidently  ascribed  to  1816  or 
the  living  human  Dante.  ST.  SWITHIN.  1817,  as  it  is  printed  on  paper  water  -marked 

1815.     The  pieces  are  well  selected,  only  a 

BARON  GRANT  (12  S.  x.  31,  75)  —  SIR  few  of  inferior  merit  being  included.  The 
ALFRED  ROBBINS  is  not  accurate  in  what  he  largest  contributors  are  Byron,  Wordsworth, 
says  at  the  last  reference.  Carlo  Pelle-  j  Scott>  and  Moore.  I  have  looked  in  vain  for 
gpinis  cartoon  of  Albert  Grant  appeared  «  the  many  original  pieces"  the  title  page 
in  Vanity  Fair  of  Feb.  21  1874,  but  so  ;  promises.  ARCHIBALD  SPARKE. 

far  as  the  distich  is  concerned  it  was  neither 


WELSH    MAP  SOUGHT  (B  S    x    32).-In 

that  was  printed  under  the  cartoon  was  i  reply  to  the  latter  part  of  MR  L.C.  PRICE'S 
simply  the  words  ••  Leicester  Square."  It  !  q^there  appeared  an  article  in  Archceo- 
is  regrettable  that  contributors  to  'N.  &  Q.,'  W»  Cambrensis,  vol.  I860,  signed  J.  E., 

'  t  °r  Hosiallr 


.          ., 

whoe   readers    naturally    look    for   reliable  '  ^Mty  ^  ;    °r'    ^    Hospitallers    in 


information,  should  not  be  at  more  pains  ,     which     gives    information    on    the 


to   verify   the    accuracy   of    what   purport   °J*  house  *£?&*  £h,1C    ,'1  ?  *he  -' 

to  be  categorical  statements  of  fact,  instead  i  The.  own*rj  ^  ^te  ^olonef1  Salusburv  Mam- 
of  trusting  to  their  memories.  i  waring  dilated  in  its  antiquarian  features 

w  MAVPOPTT         when    Cambrian    archaeologists    visited    the 

>CK-      |  place  in  1911  (see  Arch.  Camb.,  1912). 

ADAH     ISAACS     MENKEN'S     '  INFELICIA  '  ANETJRIN  WILLIAMS. 

(12  S.  x.  32,  79,  97).  —  I  am  sorry  to  see  that  j 

MR.  ROBERT  PIERPOINT  at  the  second  "  To  BURN  ONE'S  BOATS  "  (12  S.  viii.  210  ; 
reference  perpetuates  an  inaccuracy  by  ix.  177  ;  x.  79).  —  Robert  Guiscard,  before  the 
quoting  a  statement  by  Mr.  G.  R.  Sim5*  in  j  battle  of  Durazzo,  October,  1081,  proposes 
The  Referee  of  Dec.  24,  1905,  to  the  effect  this  measure  :  whether  it  was  carried  out 
that  Adah  Menken  "  is  buried  in  the  Jewish  is  not  very  clear  (Gibbon,  *  D.  &  F.  R.  E./ 
portion  of  Pere  Lachaise."  leap.  Ivi.).  S. 


116 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.          [  12  s.x.  FEB.  11,1922. 


FINAL  "  DEN  "  IN  KENTISH  PLACE-NAMES 
<12  S.  x.  49). — The  final  "den"  in  Kentish  j 
place-names    is    taken    from    the    "  dens,"  | 
"dennes"    or    "  denberse  "of   the   Weald— 
from   the    Saxon    "  dene,    signifying   valley,  i 
low-enclosed  place,   or   den."     These   dens,  j 
according  to  Spelman,   "  were  of  no  deter- 
minate bigness  nor  extent."     They  appear 
to  have  contained  in  places  a  few  hundred  | 
acres  or  less  ;    in  other  places  they  extended 
several  miles.     With  the  exception  of  Otter-  j 
den,  near  Faversham,  and  Heronden,  near ! 
Sandwich,   the   termination    "  den "    is   not ! 
found  in  Kent  outside  the  Weald.     These 
"  dennes  "  were  the  first  settlements  in  the  \ 
Great  Wood,  and  at  first  were  but  clearings 
in  the  forests  for  the  "  pannage  of  hogs,"  and,  j 
later,  for  the  feeding  of  cattle.     After  the  i 
Conquest   they   were   mostly   appended   by  i 
royal    grants    to    circumadjacent  and  even! 
to  far  distant  manors  ;    it  is  from  the  latter  | 
circumstance  that,  as  noted  above,  one  or  j 
two  final  "dens"  appear  in  other  parts  of 
Kent,   e.g.,   the   Heronden,   near   Sandwich, ! 
from  Heronden  in  Tenterden  in  the  Weald, ; 
though    this    particular    instance    happened  | 
partly  from  a  "  family  removal." 

The  old  names,  such  as  Mapulisinden,  | 
Biddenden,  Benenden,  Pettenden  and| 
Rouvenden  or  Rolvenden,  &c.,  are  interest- ! 
ing  to  philologists,  as  the  "  en  "  or  "  in " 
of  the  penultimate  syllable  is  that  genitive  j 
form  to  which  Mr.  Allen  Mawer,  in  his  i 
*  Place-names  of  Northumberland,'  draws  j 
attention,  I  think,  in  dealing  with  names  in  I 
"  ing  "  ;  it  marked  the  "  den  "  of  the  | 
Mapules  family,  of  the  Bidds  or  Budds, l 
of  the  Petts,  of  Rolf  or  of  Rollo  ;  it  was  not ! 
a  reference  to  Rolf  "  in  the  den."  Human  j 
beings  lived,  colloquially,  "  on  the  den,"  j 
hogs,  &c.,  in  it.  PERCY  HULBURD. 

TRANSLATION  OF  MOTTO  REQUIRED  (12  S. 
ix.  331,  397). — Perhaps  the  source  of  this 
motto  should  be  recorded.  The  words 
"  Alterum  alterius  auxilio  eget "  (not  egit) 
are  taken  from  Sallust's  '  Catilina,'  cap.  i. 
The  historian,  speaking  of  war,  declares  that 
deliberation  before  action  and  prompt 
action  after  deliberation  are  required  to 
supplement  one  another. 

EDWARD  BENSLY. 

SMOKERS'  FOLK  LORE  (12  S.  ix.  528  ;  x. 
38). — The  reference  to  the  dislike  to  having 
three  lights  in  a  room  prompts  one  to  men- 
tion the  history  of  the  Hyksos  or  Shepherd 
, Kings  of  ancient  North  Egypt,  who,  it  is 
Alleged,  were  wont  daily  to  sacrifice  three 


men  ;  but  when  Amasis  expelled  these  Shep- 
herd Bangs,  he  abolished  the  human  offerings 
and  ordered  that  in  their  place  three  candles 
should  be  burned  daily  on  the  altar.  This 
allows  opportunity  to  view  the  "  three- 
light  "  superstition  from  a  happier  stand- 
point. The  Rev.  S.  Baring-Gould  quotes  the 
foregoing  in  his  ;  Strange  Survivals.' 

WILLIAM  R.  POWER. 

SPELLING  or  "  CHAMPAGNE  "  (12  S.  x.  71). 
— According  to  the  *  N.E.D.'  the  earliest  use 
of  champagne,  as  now  generally  spelt,  occurs 
in  '  Freethinker,'  1718  (attributed  to 
Addison  and  others),  "  Sprightly  young 
fellows,  who  drink  champagne  "  (Essay  107). 
If  your  inquirer  wishes  to  pursue  the  deri- 
vation he  should  consult  Elyot,  Stephens 
and  Cooper,  *  Latin  English  Dictionary,' 
1584  (under  '  Campus');  Cotgrave,  'French 
Dictionarie,'  1611;  Minsheu,  'Guide  into 
Tongues,'  1617  (under  '  Champion  '). 

W.  JAGGARD  (Capt.). 

CEREMONIAL  VESTMENTS  OF  THE 
JUDICIARY  (12  S.  ix.  529). — This  query 
recalls  a  newspaper  account  of  approxi- 
mately fifteen  years  since,  when  Mr.  Justice 
(now  Lord)  Phillimore,  then  sitting  at 
York  Assizes,  paid  a  visit  to  a  girls'  school 
in  or  near  that  city,  and  for  the  edification 
of  the  scholars  donned  the  robes  of  a  "  red 
judge,"  explaining  in  much  detail  the  use 
or  significance  of  each  portion  of  the  judicial 
equipment.  W.  B.  H. 

THE  ENGLISH  "  H  "  :  CELTIC,  LATIN  AND 
GERMAN  INFLUENCES  (12  S.  x.  32). — A 
great  deal  of  interesting  information  about 
the  letter  h  is  to  be  found  in  '  The  Latin 
Language,'  by  W.  M.  Lindsay.  The  author 
writes  that 

We  have  no  reason  to  doubt  that  the  sound 
was  dropped  in  Vulgar  Latin  as  early  as  the 
middle  of  the  third  century  B.C.,  for  we  have  not 
a  trace  of  initial  or  medial  "  h  "  in  any  Romance 
languages,  not  even  the  oldest ;  and  one  of  the 
earlest  tasks  of  grammarians  at  Rome  was  to 
draw  up  rules  for  the  correct  use. 

and  also  that 

St.  Augustine  playfully  remarks  that  the  drop- 
ping of  the  "  h  "  was  generally  regarded  as  a 
more  heinous  sin  than  an  offence  against  the  law 
of  Christian  charity  ('  Conf.'  i.  18). 

It  is  a  most  fascinating  subject,  and  I  hope 
further  information  and  theories  will  be 
forthcoming.  Why  do  the  so-called  Cock- 
neys and  the  natives  of  the  Midlands  drop 
the  h  while  the  true  natives  of  Essex 
and  East  Anglia  do  not  ?  A.  M.  C. 


12  S.X.FKB.I  1,1922.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


117 


VICE-ADMIRAL  SIR  CHRISTOPHER  MINGS  j  affixes  to  the  paragraphs  dealing  with  each 
{12  S.  ix.  461,  513  ;  x.  13,  35).  —  In  Meadows'  event.  The  most  striking  passages  in  the 
CJowper's  '  Canterbury  Marriage  Licences  '  j  course  of  his  argument  with  the  Duke  of 
is  the  following  :  —  I  Ormonde,  who  was  pressing  him  to  become 

Thomas  Hamon  of  Acrise,  esq.,  widr,  and  Mary  !  Prime  Minister,  are  as  follows  :  — 
Mennes     of    Woodnesborough,    about    27,    whose  |       ...  that  the  English  Nation  would  sooner  submit 
mother   consents—  at  Woodnesborough.     Feb.   16    to   the    Government   of   Cromwell,   than   to   any 


[or  26]  1630. 


other  Subject  who  should  be  thought  to  govern 


This   settles   the   question   of   a   marriage  {  the    King.      That   England   would    not   bear   a 
connexion  between    the  families  of    Mennes    Favourite,  nor  any  one  Man,  who  should  out  of 

SfaTs!   t 


of  Sandwich  and  Mynge  of  New  Romney. 


GEORGE  S.  FRY. 

PRIME  MINISTER  (12  S.  ix.  446). — I  have 
read  with  much  interest  the  note  on  the 
earliest  use  of  the  title  of  Prime  Minister 
which  appeared  at  the  above  reference — 
there  said  to  have  been  applied  to  the  Duke 


Again 

Whereas,  if  He  gave  over  that  Administration 
[i.e.,  the  Chancellorship]  and  had  Nothing  to 
rely  upon  for  the  Support  of  himself  and  Family, 
but  an  extraordinary  Pension  out  of  the  Ex- 
chequer, under  no  other  Title  or  Pretense  but 
of  being  First  Minister  (a  title  so  newly  translated 


of  Buckingham  in  1667.     I  have  also  read 

the  numerous  contributions  to  '  N  &  Q.'  at !  woul 

previous  dates  on  this  subject. 


out   of    French    into    English,    that    it    was    not 


enough  understood  to  be  liked,  and  every  man 
would  detest  it  for  that  Burden  it  was  attended 
with)  ;  the  King  himself,  who  was  not  by 
Nature  immoderately  inclined  to  give,  would 
It  appears  to  have  escaped  the  notice  I  quickly  weary  of  so  chargeable  an  Officer,  and 

of    previous    contributors    to    the    store    of  |  be  very  willing  to  be  freed  from  the  Reproach 

knowledge     on     this     question     that     Lord  i  of  being  governed  by  any  (the  very  Suspicion 

Clarendon    actually    uses    the    term    Prime    w¥reof    _He_.  doth    exceedingly    abhor)    at    the 

Minister    when    giving    an    account    of    the 

sequence  of  events  affecting  his  life  in  1660, 

'  The  Continuation  of  the  Life  of  Edward 

Earl   of   Clarendon,    Lord   High   Chancellor 

of  England,  &c.     -Being  a  Continuation  of 

His  History  of  the  Grand  Rebellion,  from 

the  Restoration  to  his  Banishment  in  1667. 

Written  by  Himself  '  (see  pp.  85-92). 

For  the  convenience  of  readers  I  abstract 


Price  and  Charge  of  the  Man,  who  had  been 
raised  by  him  to  that  inconvenient  Height  above 
other  Men. 

JOHN  BERESFORD. 
86,  Lansdowne  Road,  Holland  Park,  W.ll. 


INSCRIPTIONS  ON  AN  ICON  (12  S.  x.  33). — 
1.  The  letters  on  the  nimbus  are  evidently 
those  which  are  usual  on  the  Divine  nimbus, 


1    viz.,  O  UN  (see  Jer.  x.  6,  Apoc.  i.  8,  &c.), 
the  most  important  references.     In  passing  i  th   ' ,,      <ter  ,    .        .     '..    Paiavoni '  fon£ 


it  should  be  observed  that  these  follow  on 


being  in  its  Slavonic 
(H),  and  the  mark  over  the  12  the  breathing, 


his  extraordinary  account  of  the  marriage ,  Qr  th     breathi       and  accent    perhaps  con. 
of  his   daughter   with   the   Duke   of   York,  j  ventiOnalized. 
Commenting    on    the    view    taken    by    his 

contemporaries,  that  as  a  result  of  this  2«  The.  Ascription  at  the  bottom  has 
marriage  his  "greatness  and  power"  had  !j ;PParently  been  misread  and  is  not 
been  firmly  established,  he  observes:—  Y^?™  1S  .**">  Almighty  ?  but  — what 

I  say,  to  all  Men  but  to  himself,  who  was  not    ™&*   **   mistaken  for  it,   especially  if  the 
the  least  Degree  exalted  with  it.     He  knew  well    Slavonic  lettering  is  not  quite  clear—  "  The 
upon  how  slippery  Ground   He  stood,  and  how    Lord  God  Almighty  "   (Apoc.   xix.   6). 
naturally  averse  the  Nation  was  from  approving         3.   The   "twisting"   of    the  fingers  repre- 
ja  exorbitant  Power  m  any  Subject.  gents  the  Eaatem  a?titude  of  episcopal  bene- 

Thereupon follows  an  account  of  the  various  diction,  corresponding  to,  but  contrasted 
honours  which  he  managed  to  evade  "  He  i  with  the  famiiiar  Western  attitude,  the  third 
refused  a  considerable  offer  of  Crown  fi  bei  bent  over  and  the  thumb 

Lands  He  declined  being  made  Knight ,  touching  it  or  crossed  over  it  (see  Smith  and 

the  Garter.          Hejejusedjo  be  madean  j  Cheefcham)    'Dictionary    of    Christian  Anti- 
quities,' a.v.  '  Benedictions,'  i.  p.  199). 

F.  E.  B. 

These  few  notes  may  be  of  help  to  MB. 
PER  Y  ARMSTRONG.  Without  close  inspec- 
tion of  his  icon  it  is  difficult  to  answer 


sented."  "  He  was  strongly  urged  to  resign 
his  Office  of  Chancellor."  "  And  to  assume 
the  Character  of  Prime  Minister."  "  Which 
would  be  more  beneficial  to  him."  "  But 
this  He  absolutely  refused."  These  are  the 


various  marginal  headings  Lord  Clarendon  I  off-hand  his  queries  as  to  ( 1 )  the  three  letters 


118 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         fi2ax.E™.n.m*. 


in  the    nimbus,  (2}   the   inscription  ajb  the 
base,  and  (3)  the  "  twisted  "  fingers. 

1.  I   should   think  that,   if    he   carefully 
examines     the     three     letters,     "  Omega," 
"  Omicron  "  and  "  Eta  "  as  he  calls  them, 
he  will  find  that  peculiar  dash  like  the  top 
of  a  T  not  only  over  the  "  Omega  "  but  also 
over  the  "  Eta."     In  the  latter  case,  how- 
ever, there  would  be  no  truncated  T  stem. 
The     "  Omicron "     very    probably    has     a 
slight    dash    carried    on    directly    from    its 
apex.      This   being   so,  we   evidently   have 
before  us  letters  from  the  Cyrillic  form  of 
the  old  Slavonic  alphabet  (i.e.,  the  Greek 
liturgical     uncial     form     adopted     by     the 
Russian    Orthodox    Church).     The    "  Eta " 
must  be  an  N  in  the  Russian  form  H.     The 
dashes     denote     contraction.     The     "  Omi- 
cron "   as  I  read  it  would  be  in  reality  a 
Gamma    and    Delta    combined    and    would 
stand  for  Gospod  =  the  Lord.   The  "  Omega  " 
would   stand   for   Otietz  =  ihe   Father.     The 
H  would  stand  for  nash  =  our.      The  whole 
would  mean  "  The  Lord  our  Father." 

2.  The   inscription    at   the   base   of    the 
icon      cannot       mean       "  Where      is      the 
Almighty  ?  "     Such    an    inscription    would 
be  inadmissible   in  a   Russian   icon.     That 
first  word  is  again,  I  should  think,  a  con- 
tracted form  of    Gospod,   an  accent    being 
added    as    generally    after    consonants.     It 
is   not   gdie,   meaning   where.      "  The   Lord 
Almighty  "  would  then  be  the  reading. 

3.  The   Orthodox   sign   of     the   cross    is 
made  on  the  forehead  with  the  thumb  (God), 
the  first  finger  (Son)  and  the  second  (Holy 
Ghost)    joined   together.     The   followers    of 
the  Old  Rite  make  this  sign  with  the  thumb 
and  third  finger  joined  together,   the  first 
two  more  or  less  rigid,  and  the  fourth  bent. 

VALENTINE  J.  O'HABA. 
National   Liberal    Club,    London. 

THE  PAPAL  TRIPLE  CROWN  (12  S.  x.  92). — 
GENERAL  LAMBARDE  will  find  practically  all 
the  evidence  available  .on  this  subject  sum- 
marized in  the  article  '  Tiara,'  in  the 
'  Catholic  Encyclopedia,'  which  article  is 
from  the  pen  of  the  Rev.  Joseph  Braun,  S.  J. 
The  tiara  took  its  rise  in  a  head-dress  of 
white  stuff  shaped  like  a  helmet  and  called 
the  camdaucum.  This  was  worn  by  the 
Pope  as  early  as  the  beginning  of  the  eighth 
century,  as  appears  from  the  biography  of 
Pope  Constantino  I.  (708-15),  in  the  '  Liber 
Pontificalis.'  This  camelaucum  or  phrygium 
probably  received  the  first  crown 
.at  the  time  when  the  mitre  developed  from  the 
tiara,  perhaps  in  the  tenth  century,  in  order  to 


distinguish  the  mitre  and  tiara  from  each  other  ; 

j  in  any  case,  the  latter  was  provided  with  a  circlet 

j  about  1130.     During  the  pontificate  of  Boniface 

j  VIII.  (1294-1303),  a  second  crown  was  added  to 

I  the  former  one.  .  .  .     What  led  Boniface  VIII. 

to   make   this   change,    whether   merely   love   of 

pomp,  or  whether  he  desired  to  express  by  the 

tiara  with  two  crowns  his  opinions  concerning  the 

!  double  papal  authority,  cannot  be  determined. 

His  effigy  above  his  tomb  in  the  crypt  of 
i  St.  Peter's  wears  a  sugar-loaf  -shaped  camelau- 
surrounded by  two  crowns. 
The  first  notice  of  three  crowns  is  con- 
|  tained  in  an  inventory  of  the  papal  treasure 
of  the  year  1315  or  1316.     The  tomb  of  the 
successor  of  Boniface,  Blessed  Benedict  XL 
(1303-4),  at  Perugia  shows  a  tiara  with  one 
1  crown    only.     The    tomb    of    John    XXII. 
(1316-1334)  at  Avignon  shows  a  tiara  with 
two  crowns  :  but  his  successor,  Benedict  XII. 
i  (1334-1342),  had  an  effigy  with  three  crowns, 
I  the  remains  of  which  are  preserved  in  the 
j  museum  at  Avignon. 

The  addition  of  the  third  crown  is  often 
!  erroneously  attributed  to  Blessed  Urban  V. 
(1362-1370).  No  reason  for  the  assumption 
of  the  third  crown  has  been  forthcoming  ; 
and  in  fact  some  subsequent  Popes  down  to 
the  close  of  the  fifteenth  century  are  re- 
presented with  two  crowns  only. 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

FREEDOM  OF  A  CITY  (12  S.  ix.  489;  x.  55, 
97). — My    grandfather's    great-grandfather, 
John  Wainewright,  at  the  beginning  of  1751 
lent  the  mayor  and  burgesses  of  the  Borough 
of  Nottingham  the  sum  of  £400  at  4  per  cent., 
and  on  Sept.  19, 1752,  he  was  made  a  burgess 
j  of  that  town  gratis  ('  Records  of  the  Borough 
I  of  Nottingham.'  vol.  vi.,  pp.  239,  247,  348). 
JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

AUTHORS  WANTED  (12  S.  x.  72). —  1.  The  lines 
on  the  statuette  of  a  goat  climbing  a  vine, 
"  Eat,  goat,  and  live  ; 
The  fruitful  vine 
Will  ever  yield 
Enough  of  wine," 

would  certainly  seem  to  have  been  suggested  by 
the  couplet  in  the  '  Fasti,'  i.  357-8, 
"  Rode,   caper,  vitem  :   tamen  hinc    cum  stabis 

ad  aram, 

In  tua  quod  spargi  cornua  possit  erit," 
or  by  one  or  other  of  the  two  epigrams  in  the 
'  Palatine    Anthology,'    to    one    of    which    Ovid 
appears  to  have  been  indebted  in  the  lines  just 
quoted  : — 

rl  pifav,  #ucos  ert 
u  <rol,  rpdye,  6vouevcf. 
('  Anth.  Pal.,'  ix.  75),  by  Evenus  of  Ascalon, 
and  Ep.  99  of  the  same  book,  by  Leonidas  of  Taren- 
tum.  EDWARD  BENSLY. 


12  S.  X.  FEB.  11,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


119 


1.  This  looks  like  an  adaptation  of  the  epigram 
by  Evenus  in  the  Greek  anthology  ('  Anth.  Pal.,' 
ix.   75),  which  in   1895  I  translated  thus  ('Para- 
phrases,' p.  30)  : — 

"  Tho'  thou  eat'st  me  to  the  root, 
I  shall  bear  enough  of  fruit 
To  be  poured,  O  goat,  on  thee 
When  thy  sacrifice  shall  be." 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

2.  The  stanzas    beginning  "  I    have    seen    the 
robes  [not  wings]  of  Hermes  glisten  "  are  the  15th 
and  16th  of  W.  E.  Aytoun's  poem  '  Hermotimus.' 

A.  E.  H. 
(12  S.  x.   94.) 

'  To-day  and  other  Poems  '  was  an  anonymous 
work  published  many  years  ago  by  Mr.  R.  J. 
Masters.  It  contained  the  poem  sought,  which, 
set  to  music  by  Mr.  F.  G.  Ladds,  forms  Hymn  No. 
90  in  '  The  Union  Mission  Hymnal '  of  the  Baptist 
Union  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland.  In  Mr.  E.  C. 
Stedman's  '  Victorian  Anthology '  the  poem  is 
attributed  to  Samuel  Wilberforce  (1805-1873), 
bishop  successively  of  Oxford  and  Winchester. 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWBIGHT. 

(12  S.  x.  49.) 
1.  The  right  words  are  : — 

•*  We  shall  have  the  word 

In  that  minor  third 
There  is  none  but  the  cuckoo  knows  " 
(or  "  a  irinor  third  "  in  a  later  printing).     From 
B.  Browning's  'A  Lover's  Quarrel,'  stanza  18. 

ISAAC   SHARP. 

MATTHEW  ARNOIJ>  :  REFERENCE  SOUGHT 
(]2  S.  x.  34). — The  words  "  the  huge  Mississippi 
of  falsehood  called  history  "  are  in  the  essay  on 
'  The  Literary  Influence  of  Academies,  in 
Matthew  Arnold's  '  Essays  in  Criticism  '  (1st  ed., 
1865),  p.  75.  A.  E.  H. 


on  IBooks. 

The  Life  of  Henry,  Third  Earl  of  Southampton, 
Shakespeare's  Patron.  By  Charlotte  Car- 
michael  Stopes.  (Cambridge  University  Press, 
£2  2s.) 

EACH  successive  generation  may  find  new  subject 
for  enjoyment  in  the  study  of  the  Elizabethan 
age.  The  Maiden  Queen  who  could  bid  the 
English  House  of  Commons  "  not  to  meddle 
with  any  matters  of  state  "  presents  a  fascinating 
theme  for  reflection  at  the  present  time,  and  the 
excitement  provided  for  members  of  her  Court 
during  her  45  years  of  rule  was  sufficient  to  satisfy 
the  most  ardent  of  sensation-hunters  in  the 
twentieth  century.  For  those  who  were  admitted 
to  her  intimacy  must  gamble — and  the  stakes 
might  mean  a  man's  whole  fortune,  possibly  his 
life.  The  Queen  could  impose  indefinite  imprison- 
ment if  she  were  so  minded,  and  her  expression 
of  displeasure  was  as  effective  as  the  Papal 
interdict  of  earlier  tunes  in  isolating  the  culprit 
from  his  fellows.  When  she  smiled,  the  hopes  of 
those  around  her  soared  to  heights  not  visible 
to  subjects  under  normal  rule.  And  these  rapid 
alternations  were  so  disturbing  to  the  balance  of 
a  man's  judgment  that  only  a  few  maintained  com- 
posure. Among  these  must  be  reckoned  that 


mysterious  being  Robert  Dudley,  Earl  of  Leicester, 
also  the  Cecils,  father  and  son,  but  the  spirit  of 
patriotism  that  spread  more  and  more  widely 
as  the  years  of  the  great  reign  drew  on  did  not 
engender  prudence. 

Mrs.  Stopes  has  given  us  a  full  and  detailed 
record  of  the  career  of  Henry  Wriothesley,  Third 
Earl  of  Southampton,  who  first  saw  the  light  in 
October,  1573,  and  as  we  follow  his  experiences  we 
may  catch  a  glimmering  impression  of  some  of  the 
perils  that  encompassed  a  youth  who  was  promi- 
nent by  right  of  birth.  Southampton  succeeded 
to  his  father's  earldom  at  the  age  of  eight  and 
became  ward  to  Lord  Burleigh.  He  gave  early 
proof  of  the  possession  of  a  vigorous  will.  The 
marriage  which  his  guardian  arranged  did  not 
please  him,  and  at  ruinous  cost  to  himself  he 
evaded  it.  When  he  reached  manhood,  society 
was  already  divided  by  the  Cecil  and  Essex 
factions.  He  had  had  opportunity  to  discover 
that  Burleigh's  example  stood  for  wisdom  and 
prudent  calculation,  but  his  heart  drew  him  to 
Essex,  and  then  and  always  he  went  where  his 
heart  led  him  regardless  of  consequences.  Alike 
in  love  and  in  friendship  his  choice  made  havoc 
of  his  fortunes.  He  roused  the  wrath  of  the 
Queen  by  a  secret  marriage  with  her  maid  of 
honour,  he  fanned  it  by  his  insistence  on  his 
right  to  serve  her  in  some  conspicuous  position. 
In  the  tragedy  which  ended  Elizabeth's  last 
romance  Southampton  narrowly  escaped  the 
penalty  paid  by  his  leader  and  hero.  The  bonds 
of  that  friendship  were  very  close.  "  You  whom 
I  account  another  myself,"  Essex  had  written  to 
him  in  1598,  but  their  union  of  hearts  was  not  close 
enough  to  reconcile  Southampton  to  sharing  the 
fate  of  his  friend :  the  youth  in  him  clamoured 
desperately  for  life.  From  his  confession  and  his 
petition  to  the  council  we  can  form  some  estimate 
of  the  mental  suffering  implied — even  for  one 
who  faced  death  readily  on  the  battlefield — -by 
confinement  in  the  Tower.  He  remained  there 
for  more  than  two  years  in  constant  peril.  Release 
came  only  by  the  death  of  the  Queen. 

No  one  had  more  reason  than  Southampton  to 
welcome  the  new  order,  but  full  and  secure  pros- 
perity never  fell  to  his  lot.  He  was  not  skilful 
in  the  craft  of  courts,  and  as  Buckingham  became 
more  and  more  fixed  hi  favour  thwarted  am- 
bition turned  to  bitterness.  A  conspicuous 
figure  until  he  met  his  death  (when  serving  with 
the  King's  armies  in  Flanders),  Southampton 
made  no  definite  mark  on  history.  TTis  life  as 
presented  by  Mrs.  Stopes  is  of  extreme  interest, 
none  the  less,  and  it  should  appeal  to  ordinary 
readers  as  well  as  to  students  of  the  period. 
It  is  based  on  documents  that  are  not  easily 
accessible,  it  is  carefully  arranged  and  contains 
excellent  portraits.  Unfortunately  where  so 
much  is  admirable  there  are  serious  blemishes. 
Mrs.  Stopes  takes  far  too  much  for  granted  in 
dealing  with  her  readers.  She  has  long  been 
distinguished  for  her  vehement  support  of  the 
theory  (first  propounded  more  than  a  century 
ago)  that  Shakespeare's  sonnets  were  inspired 
by  his  friendship  with  Southampton.  Now  this 
question  has  been  fully  treated  in  her  Other 
books  and  must,  unless  fresh  evidence  should 
come  to  light,  remain  an  open  one ;  she  admits 
that  her  recent  investigations  have  not  resulted 
in  any  new  discovery.  To  assume  that  an  un- 


120 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [ISS.X.PB.U.WM. 


proved  theory  is  a  fact  and  build  an  estimate 
of  character  on  that  foundation  is  not  the  safest 
method  of  writing  history.  Moreover,  Mrs. 
Stopes  has  permitted  herself  to  make  some 
astonishing  excursions  in  the  regions  of  "  the 
might  have  been."  The  contemporaries  of 
Southampton  failed,  by  elegy  or  otherwise,  to 
commemorate  his  connexion  with  Shakespeare. 
She  has  supplied  the  deficiency  with  a  sonnet 
and  an  epitaph  of  her  own  composition.  She  has 
also,  in  chaps,  ii.  and  xxi.,  sustained  her 
narrative  by  the  introduction  of  conversations 
imagined  by  herself.  The  book  is  so  rich  in 
interest  that  these  eccentricities  of  treatment 
are  the  more  to  be  deplored. 

Calendar  of  Entries  in  the  Papal  Registers  relating 
to  Great  Britain  and  Ireland.  Papal  Letters. 
Vol.  XI.  1455-1464.  Prepared  by  J.  A.  Twem- 
low.  (His  Majesty's  Stationery  Office,  £1  5s. 
net.) 

THIS  volume  may  be  noted  as  one  of  the  richest 
of  its  kind  in  material  for  the  antiquary.  The 
topics  dealt  with  cover,  more  or  less  abundantly, 
the  general  administration  of  local  ecclesiastical 
affairs,  and  include,  as  usual,  copious  detail  con- 
cerning individuals.  The  nine  years  embrace 
the  pontificates  of  Calixtus  III.  and  of  Pius  II. 
The  Scotch  sees  occupy  many  pages  ;  perhaps 
London  and  Oxford  are  the  two  English  cities 
most  in  evidence.  The  documents  concerning 
Reginald  Peacock,  the  Bishop  of  Chichester, 
who  was  tried  for  heresy,  may  be  cited  as  an 
example  of  the  biographical  illustration  afforded, 
and  those  concerning  the  foundation  of  Eton 
College  as  an  example  of  a  group  illustrating  the 
history  of  an  institution.  Disputes  among  ecclesi- 
astics (there  are  <>ne  or  two  cases  of  homicide  by  a 
clerk),  indults  and  dispensations,  and  the  applica- 
tion of  different  forms  of  discipline,  as  usual,  open 
up  vivid  glimpses  of  situations  and  characters. 
The  general  effect,  as  in  most  registers  of  Papal 
Letters,  is  an  impression  of  the  fatherliness  of  the 
Papacy,  even  when  exercised  by  Popes  such  as 
these  two,  who  were  not — like  Innocent  III.,  for 
instance — of  a  specially  paternal  character.  In 
the  tragi -comedy  of  everyday  life  it  appears  as 
a  pleasant  factor,  and  presents  a  far  more 
attractive  aspect  of  the  Papacy  than  the  political 
aspect  to  which  most  history  is  devoted. 

An  inhibition  of  Pius  II.  's  gives  a  picture  of 
the  sufferings  of  the  "  Isle  of'Scilly"  under  the 
incursions  of  pirates.  Indulgences  of  Calixtus  III. 
make  mention  of  miracles  wrought  among  the 
faithful  who  flock  to  the  Chapel  of  St.  Mary  de 
Key  in  the  cemetery  of  the  Chapel  of  Liverpool  ; 
and  also  of  miracles  wrought  in  the  church  of 
the  Augustinian  priory  at  Mottisfont,  in  which  are 
many  precious  relics,  and  among  them  "  the  finger 
of  St.  John  Baptist  with  which  he  pointed  to  the 
Saviour  of  the  human  race."  Other  relics  men- 
tioned are  those  of  St.  Gilbert  in  the  church  of 
Caithness — a  place  much  worried  by  "  lawless- 
ness and  ambushes  by  savages,"  in  behalf  of  which 
Pius  II.  hurls  an  excommunication ;  and  those  of 
St.  Osmund  of  Salisbury,  which,  in  a  mandate 
dated  the  day  after  his  canonization,  are  ordered 
to  be  solemnly  translated  to  a  worthy  place  in 
the  church  of  Salisbury. 

Among  the  mention  of  objects  of  art  and  handi- 
craft we  have  a  "  tapestry  worked  in  gold  and 


silver  sold  to  the  Pope   [Pius  II.]   for  1,250  florins 
by  Peter  and  John  de  Medicis." 

Hampshire.     By     Telford     Varley.     (Cambridge 

University  Press.  4s.  6d.  net.) 
THIS  is  yet  another  member  of  the  useful  series  of 
Cam  bridge  County  Handbooks.  It  gives  a  careful 
account  of  the  natural  features,  the  towns,  the 
industries,  history,  and  antiquities  of  Hampshire, 
according  to  the  plan  made  familiar  to  us  by 
the  earlier  handbooks.  The  information  given 
and  also  the  illustrations  are  very  satisfactory. 
The  writer's  English  style  is  poor  enough  to  be 
often  irritating.  One  short  sentence — "  Hamp- 
shire is  identified  in  a  remarkable  degree  with 
hymn  writers  "—will  perhaps  convey  what  it  is 
we  complain  of.  However,  writing  of  this  sort 
need  be  no  bar  to  utility. 


MB.  P.  D.  MUNDY  (Burley,  New  Forest), 
writes : — I  should  be  glad  to  hear  from  the 
owners  of  any  manuscripts,  letters,  portraits  or 
drawings  of,  or  connected  with,  my  great-uncle, 
Henry  William  Herbert  ("  Prank  Forester  "), 
poet,  novelist,  and  writer  on  American  sport, 
who  died  in  1858.  He  was  the  son  of  the  Very 
Rev.  the  Hon.  W.  Herbert,  Dean  of  Manchester, 
who  was  himself  a  well-known  writer  on  botanical 
subjects. 

This   request   is   made   in   contemplation   of   a 
biography  of  Henry  William  Herbert. 


CORRIGENDUM. 

At  ante,  p.   79,  col.   1,  for  "  Africa  ;    10  B.C." 
read  Africa,  310  B.C. 


to 


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NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


121 


LONDON,  FEBRUARY  18,  1922. 


CONTENTS.— No.   201. 

NOTES  :—John  Charles  Williams,  a  Buckinghamshire  Parson 
121— Sir  Richard  Willys,  Traitor,  123— Commonwealth 
Marriages  and  Burials  in  the  Aldeburgh  Register  Book 
124— Philip  de  Harcourt,  Bishop  of  Bayeux,  126— In 
ference  as  to  Date  of  Birth,  127— Blake  in  America— Foun- 
tains Abbey  Parchments— Gilbert  Iinlay  and  Henry  Lee 
128. 

QUERIES  :— "  Firdor  "—Scarlet  Hunting  Coat— Pseudo- 
titles  for  "  Dummy  "  Books — Graves  of  Polish  Exiles  in 
Britain— Regimental  Chaplains,  H.M.  84th  Regiment,  129— 
"  Satan  reproving  sin  "—Unidentified  Anns— The  Mont- 
forts  of  Farleigh— Surname  Lackland— Fiddlers'  Green— 
J.  Richards  :  Identification  of  Church  sought— St.  Michael's, 
Guernsey — "  Love  "  in  Place-names,  130 — Savery  Family 
Bookplates— Nevin  Family— Emra  Holmes— Bloxam— 
Boulger— Brindley  and  Bradbury— General  Clement  Ed- 
wards—Office of  Mayor  :  Place  of  Worship,  131— Highgate 
-'  Viva  Pio,  Papa,  Re  '—Poem  of  the  Sixties  wanted— 
Author  wanted,  132. 

REPLIES  :— Edward  More,  Warden  of  Winchester  College, 
132— Adah  Isaacs  Meuken,  133 — Kimmeridge  Coal  Money, 
135—"  The  Five  Alls  "— "  The  Swan  Tavern,"  Chelsea— 
"  Time  with  a  gift  of  tears  "— Erghum,  136— Baron  Grant— 
Eighteenth-century  Poetry,  137— Evelyn  Queries— Arab 
(or  Eastern)  Horses— Oxfordshire  Masons— Two  Naval 
Pictures  by  Serres,  138— Mrs.  Holt :  '  Isoult  Barry  of  Wyns- 
cote,'  139. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :— '  Jacques  Be"nigne  Bossuet.' 
Notices  to  Correspondents. 


JOHN   CHARLES   WILLIAMS: 

A  BUCKINGHAMSHIRE  PARSON  AND 

SOME    OF   HIS   DESCENDANTS. 

WHEN  one  is  collecting  material  for  a  family 
history  one  comes  across  many  details  con- 
cerning collaterals,  and  in  the  course  of  put- 
ting together  my  family  papers  and  pedigree 

have  amassed  some  interesting  facts, 
which  I  think  worthy  of  record,  concerning  the 
family  of  the  late  Rev.  John  Charles  Williams, 
M.A.,  who  during  the  early  part  of  the  last 
century  flourished  in  several  parishes  in 
Buckinghamshire.  Unless  these  items  get 
into  print  they  are  apt  to  be  lost,  so  I  ven- 
ture to  appeal  to  the  hospitality  of  '  N.  &  Q.' 
with  a  view  to  their  appearing  in  its  columns 
as  a  permanent  memento  of  a  somewhat 
remarkable  man. 

To  add  to  the  interest  I  have  placed  the 
letters  'D.N.B.'  after  everyone  mentioned 


whose  name  appears  in  the  '  Dictionary  of 
National  Biography.' 

First  let  me  explain  how  he  was  connected 
with  my  family.  My  grandfather,  Henry 
William  Bull  (1792-1872),  solicitor,  married 
Charlotte  Susannah  Swales,  from  the  vicar- 
age, at  the  parish  church  of  High  Wycombe, 
on  Dec.  27,  1826.  His  brother-in-law,  the 
Rev.  John  Charles  Williams,  M.A.,  F  R.G.S., 
married  them.  Williams  was  curate-in- 
charge  of  that  parish  from  1824  to  1843  and 
had  married  Mrs.  Bull's  eldest  sister,  Cathe- 
rine, at  St.  Clement  Danes  in  the  Strand 
on  Aug.  15,  1812.  These  were  the  days  of 
pluralities  and  the  Rev.  James  Price,  B.A., 
was  the  nominal  vicar — having  been  pre- 
sented to  the  living  on  March  25,  1788,  by 
William,  Earl  of  Shelburne  —  and  was  a 
regular  absentee. 

The  curate's  grandfather,  a  certain  John 
Williams  (1727-1816)  was  an  architect  and 
surveyor  of  some  note  who  flourished  in  the 
town  of  Shrewsbury  in  the  middle  of  the 
eighteenth  century. 

His  eldest  son,  father  of  our  curate,  was 
also  named  John  (1767-1827).  A  solicitor 
by  profession,  he  was  appointed  one  of  the 
six  clerks  of  the  Court  of  Exchequer  and 
subsequently  became  a  partner  in  the  firm 
of  Price  and  Williams  of  Bedford  Row.  He 
lived  in  Rodney  Street,  Pentonville  Hill,  and 
married  a  Miss  Ball  of  Welshpool,  who  was 
born  in  1777,  died  on  June  26,  1837,  and 
was  buried  in  St.  James's  churchyard, 
Pentonville. 

This  John  Williams  was  an  intimate 
Friend  of  the  Rev.  John  Newton  (1725-1807  ; 
'  D.N.B. ') — another  curate-in-charge,  by  the 
way,  for  Moses  Brown  (1704- 1781  ;  'D.N.B.'), 
the  absentee  vicar  of  Olney,  Bucks — and 
friend  of  the  poet  Cowper  (1731-1800; 
D.N.B.').  I  have  in  my  family  records 
some  A.L.S.  written  by  Newton  when  his 
wife,  whom  "  he  loved  with  an  almost 
dolatrous  love/'  died  on  Dec.  15,  1790. 

John  Williams's  third  daughter  married  a 

man     named    Randall,    whose    son,    John 

Williams  Randall,  was  a  partner  in  the  firm 

of  Brundrett,  Randall  and  Govett  of  King's 

Bench    Walk.       Jonathan    Brundrett     was 

one  of  the  founders  of  the  Law  Society.     He 

acted    for      Queen     Caroline     (1768-1821; 

D.N.B.')     and     briefed     Lord     Brougham 

1778-1868;   '  D.N.B.')  for    the    defence    in 

1820. 

The  fifth  daughter  married  another 
solicitor,  well  known  in  his  day,  named 
Alfred  Umney,  who  resided  at  a  beautiful 


122 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [i2ax.ito.i8.nM. 


stone  house  on  the  road  to  Epsom,  called 
Stone  Cot  Hill,  Button.  The  Umneys  had 
an  only  daughter,  who  married  George 
Nelson,  a  solicitor  of  Buckingham,  whose 
son,  George  Alfred  Nelson,  in  1916  left  his 
estate  at  Sherington,  Co.  Bucks,  to  Col. 
Owen  Williams,  of  whom  presently. 

We  now  come  to  the  subject  of  these 
notes.  John  Charles  Williams,  eldest  son 
of  John  Williams,  was  born  April  16,  1789, 
and  also  became  a  solicitor.  He  does  not 
seem  to  have  cared  for  ordinary  practice, 
for  in  1814  he  was  Judge's  Associate  on  the 
Oxford  circuit.  I  have  a  charming  little 
diary  of  those  days  in  his  copper-plate 
handwriting  giving  a  detailed  account  of  a 
circuit  journey  on  horseback  from  London 
via  Windsor,  Oxford,  Worcester,  Stafford, 
Shrewsbury,  to  Leominster  and  home  again. 

He  married  Catherine  Swales  at  St.  Clement 
Danes  in  the  Strand  on  Aug.  15,  1812,  at  the 
age  of  23.  The  Swales  came  from  Suffolk. 
His  father-in-law  was  Christopher  William 
Swales,  who  married  Charlotte  Spencer, 
daughter  of  JEEugh  Spencer.  She  was  born 
in  1761  and  baptized  at  St.  James's,  Bury 
St.  Edmunds.  She  died  at  the  town  house 
of  her  other  son-in-law,  my  grandfather, 
Henry  William  Bull,  at  12,  Wilton  Crescent, 
Belgrave  Square,  in  June,  1845,  at  the  age 
of  84.  C.  W.  Swales  had  died  in  January, 
1831,  at  Lay  ham  in  Suffolk,  and  was  buried  at 
Polstead.  Catherine  Swales,  afterwards  Mrs. 
J.  C.  Williams,  the  elder  daughter  of  this 
couple,  was  born  on  Sept.  29,  1789,  and  was 
baptized  at  St.  Martin's-in-the-Fields  on 
Oct.  27,  1789. 

Mrs.  Swales  was  in  the  entourage  of  the 
Duchess  of  York  (1767-1820;  'D.N.B.'). 
Catherine's  godmother  was  that  Mrs.  Bun- 
bury,  the  devoted  friend  of  the  Duchess,  who 
requested  that  she  (Mrs.  Bunbury)  might 
be  buried  beside  her  in  Weybridge  church- 
yard, which  was  done.  They  also  knew  Lady 
Charlotte  Bury  (1775-1861  ;  'D.N.B.'),  the 
novelist.  Both  the  Misses  Swales  although 
petite  were  very  beautiful.  They  were 
known  as  the  "  Brace  of  Partridges  "  when 
they  used  to  attend  the  garden  parties  at 
Chiswick.  It  was  through  the  influence  of 
the  Duke  of  York  (1763-1827;  'D.N.B.'), 
who  was  patron  of  the  institution,  that  John 
Charles  Williams  obtained  his  next  ap- 
pointment, viz.,  that  of  secretary  of  the 
Lying-in  Hospital  in  York  Road,  Lambeth, 
which  he  held  from  Nov.  18,  1815,  until  he 
resigned  on  Jan.  17,  1820.  He  then  re- 
turned to  his  practice  as  a  solicitor,  which  he 


eventually  sold  soon  after  to  Messrs.  Hi! Hard 
and  Hastings,  for  he  "  felt  a  call  to  the  minis- 
try," and,  although  married,  went  up  to  Cam- 
bridge and  graduated  at  St.  Catherine's  Hall. 
He  gathered  round  him  a  circle  of  friends, 
many  of  whom  became  famous.  These  in- 
cluded Charles  Simeon  (1759- 1836; 'D.N.B.'); 
Fairish  (whom  I  cannot  identify)  ;  Thomas 
Turton  (1780-1864;  'D.N.B.'),  afterwards 
Bishop  of  Ely  ;  and  Oliphant,  afterwards 
Bishop  of  Llandaff.  He  knew  both 
the  Corries,  Daniel,  LL.D.  (1777-1837  ; 
'D.N.B.'),  and  George  Elwes  (1793-1885; 
'D.N.B.'),  the  Master  of  Jesus;  Pro- 
fessor John  Lee  (1783-1866;  'D.N.B.') 
of  Hartwell  in  Bucks  ;  and  James  Schole- 
field  (1789-1853;  'D.N.B.'),  Regius  Pro- 
fessor of  Greek.  He  corresponded  with  all 
these  men  during  the  whole  of  his  life. 
In  due  course  he  was  ordained  by  letters 
dimissory  by  Sparkes,  Bishop  of  Ely.  I 
cannot  find  where  he  fitted  it  in,  but  he  also 
sold  about  this  time  the  practice,  which 
he  inherited,  of  his  maternal  uncle,  Charles 
Ball,  solicitor. 

Henry  Bathurst  (1744-1837  ;  '  D.N.B.'), 
Bishop  of  Norwich,  "  the  only  Liberal 
Bishop  in  the  Lords,"  next  appointed  him 
successively  to  the  curacies  of  Stapleford 
and  Pampisford  in  Cambridgeshire.  In 
1823  he  held  the  curacy  of  Wooburn  Green, 
Bucks,  for  six  months  and  then  was  ap- 
pointed curate -in -charge  of  High  Wy  combe, 
where  he  resided  for  nearly  twenty  years, 
viz.,  from  1824  to  1843.  Here  the  last 
seven  of  his  fifteen  children  were  born, 
most  of  them  being  brought  into  the  world 
by  Dr.  William  Rose  (1876-1864),  his  life- 
long friend,  and  the  father  of  Disraeli's 
solicitor,  Sir  Philip  Rose,  Bt.  (1816-1883), 
of  Rayners,  Perm,  Bucks. 

During  the  later  years  of  Williams's  resi- 
dence at  High  Wycombe,  he  was  presented 
to  the  living  of  Farthingstone  in  Northamp- 
tonshire, by  his  friend  John  Kaye  (1783- 
1853  ;  '  D.N.B.'),  Bishop  of  Lincoln— who, 
by  the  way,  was  born  on  Dec.  27,  1783,  in 
Angel  Row,  in  my  own  Borough  of  Hammer- 
smith. The  son  of  a  little  draper,  he  lived 
to  direct  the  education  of  Queen  Victoria 
(1819-1901;  'D.N.B.'  supp.). 

After  one  year's  occupation  of  Farthing- 
stone,  Williams  was  appointed  by  Kaye  to 
the  rectory  of  Sherington,  near  Newport 
Pagnell,  which  he  held  until  his  death  on 
Nov.  30,  1848. 

John  Charles  Williams,  as  I  have  said 
must  have  been  a  very  industrious  man 


\-2  S.  X.  FEB.  18,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


123 


for  he  not  only  adequately  looked  after  his 
own  parish  but  found  time  to  found  and 
carry  on  a  preparatory  school  for  young 
boys  destined  for  Eton,  Harrow  and  Rugby. 
My  father,  his  nephew,  Henry  Bull,  solicitor 
(1829-1878),  went  there  from  a  dame's  school 
at  Dumpton  in  Kent  in  1837,  aged  eight, 
and  remained  there  until  he  went  to  Rugby 
in  1842,  a  term  or  two  before  Arnold  (1795- 
1842  ;  'D.N.B.')  died. 

A  great  many  of  Williams' s  sermons,  in 
his  neat  handwriting,  are  in  existence,  and 
I  possess  some  preached  two  or  three  times, 
over  long  intervals,  on  certain  Sundays  in 
Wycombe  church.  He  also  wrote  some 
hymns  of  merit  and  became  an  active 
member  of  the  Royal  Geographical  Society, 
of  which  he  was  a  Fellow. 

He  had  very  little  means  that  I  can  dis- 
cover. He  had  only  £200  a  year  from  the 
living  in  High  Wycombe  and  yet  he  was 
able  to  bring  up  and  educate  a  large  family — 
putting  several  of  his  sons  into  the  learned 
professions  and  educating  some  of  his 
daughters  at  Campden  House,  Netting  Hill, 
then  the  most  expensive  and  fashionable 
school  in  London.  (Burnt  down  Mar.  23, 
1863.) 

Amongst  his  scholars  were  Charles 
Wycliffe  Goodwin  (1817-1878;  'D.N.B.'), 
the  Egyptologist,  and  Harvey  Goodwin 
(1818-1891  ;  'D.N.B.'),  Bishop  of  Carlisle. 

WILLIAM  BULL. 
(To  be  concluded.) 


SIR  RICHARD  WILLYS,  TRAITOR. 
(See  ante,  p.  101.) 

SlR   RlCHABD    WlLLYS'S   DEFENCE. 

SIB  Richard  Willys's  defence  is  summarized 
on  p.  232  of  the  Calendar  of  Domestic  State 
Papers  for  1661-1662,  where  it  is  asserted 
to  have  been  "  annexed  "  to  a  petition 
in  which  he  prays  for  leave  to  come  within 
"  the  verge  of  the  Court  "  in  order  to 
defend  several  suits  at  law.  But  the 
defence  is  not  annexed  to  the  petition  and 
has  nothing  whatever  to  do  with  it.  The 
summary  of  the  defence  is  not  a  satisfactory 
one,  but  as  it  is  rather  long  I  omit  it  and 
transcribe  the  original  document  instead  : — • 
May  1660.  In  the  year  1652  about  the  i 
middle  of  the  summer  Sir  Richard  Willys  returned  | 
into  England  from  Italy,  and  retir'd  to  his 
brothers  in  Cambridgeshire  where  he  remaymd 
for  the  most  part  till  ye  end  of  1653.  In  1654 
about  ye  moneth  of  May  he  was  taken  prisoner 
and  sent  to  ye  Tower  from  wch  he  was  released 


towards  winter  upon  Bond  of  £5000.  In  1655,. 
14  June,  he  was  again  taken  prisoner  and  caryed 
to  Lyme  where  he  remayn'd  with  ye  rest  of  ye 
Prisoners  till  ye  12th  of  October  and  then  was 
by  special  orders  here  detayn'd  prisoner  alone 
till  the  end  of  February  following  and  then 
released,  upon  Bond  of  Ten  thousand  pounds. 
Thence  he  return'd  home  to  his  brothers  and  in. 
all  this  while  had  never  seen  with  Oliver  Cromwell, 
nor  Thurloe,  nor  ever  heard  of  Moorland.  In- 
the  end  of  this  year  1656,  or  in  the  beginning 
of  1657  it  hapn'd  that  Thurloe  had  intercepted 
some  letters  of  Mr.  Brodericks  and  others.  Which 
he  supposing  to  be  Sir  Richard,  Thurloe  imme- 
diately sent  on  purpose  for  him,  and  strictly 
examining  him  to  this  effect,  What  he  knew  of 
those  letters  and  the  persons  and  matters  con- 
teyn'd  in  them.  It  being  visible  that  one  of 
ye  feighned  names  often  therein  specified  could 
meane  no  other  person  but  himself e.  So  having 
thus  shown  him  the  danger  of  his  condition,, 
and  spread  his  nett  over  him.  He  began  to  say 
Miat  his  intention  was  not  to  destroy  him,  if  he 
would  be  instrumentall  for  his  reconciliation  with 
the  king,  when  time  should  serve,  and  that  he 
would  absolutely  engage  not  to  discover  anything 
without  his  preacquaintance  and  leave,  and  that 
in  the  meantime  the  Royal  party  should  speed 
the  better  for  him,  Which  he  is  very  confident 
has  been  effected  by  his  management  in  pre- 
serving many  of  them  (and  that  the  most  eminent) 
both  in  their  lifes  and  fortunes,  preventing  many 
from,  and  delivering  others  out  of,  restraint.  In 
this  same  year  1657,  in  the  depth  of  winter^ 
Thurloe  hearing  that  the  Marquis  of  Ormond 
was  landed  in  England,  sent  for  Sir  Richard  W. 
and  offered  £1000  in  ready  gold,  or  what  he 
would  aske  to  discover  him.  Which  Moorland 
violently  and  very  often  urged  him  to  doer 
telling  him  it  would  be  his  utter  ruyne  if  he  did 
not  doe  it,  adding  this,  that  it  was  in  his  power 
to  oblige  the  Protector  for  ever.  Prom  this 
importunity  he  had  not  rest  till  he  defy'd  them 
by  detesting  and  abhorring  so  perfidious  an 
action.  And  from  that  tyme  they  absolutely 
desseyn'd  his  ruyne.  For  1658,  upon  Good 
Friday  [April  9]  he  was  again  taken  prisoner, 
and  sent  to  the  Tower  with  more  severity  and 
close  imprisonment  than  ever,  and  all  the  wayes 
imaginable  us'd  to  take  away  his  life  by  violent 
meanes,  and  promises  us'd  to  one  Mr  Cooke  of 
Suff.  to  accuse  him.  But  when  nothing  could 
be  made  out  against  him  he  was  releas'd  [illegible} 
upon  Bond  and  so  continued  till  1659  ;  and  in 
May  or  thereabouts  Thurloe  sent  for  him  againe, 
telling  him  that  now  he  visibly  saw  that  the 
King  could  no  longer  be  kept  out  and  that  now 
was  the  time,  he  must  be  beholding  to  him  in 
the  making  of  his  peace,  and  that  at  this  meeting 
Moorland  was  present  where  they  combyne  to 
post  him,  which  was  done  on  June  3.  Having 
suspected  that  Sir  Rich  W.  had  a  reall  intention 
to  be  in  the  then  present  Rysing,  which  they 
resolve  to  hinder  by  throwing  a  suspicion  amongst 
the  party.  Nor,  did  their  Malice  and  revenge 
end  there,  but  contryv'd  an  Act  of  Banishment 
out  of  England  of  all  those  that  had  not  com- 
pounded, which  Moorland  confess'd  to  Sir  Rich  W. 
was  particularly  contriv'd  for  his  sake  and 
hindrance.  And  whereas  they  allege  that  his 
bonds  the  last  summer  were  of  his  own  pro- 


124 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[12  S.  X.  FEB.  IS, 


curemt. — Let   the   world  judge   when,   they   were  | 
such  as  never  impos'd  upon  any  person  whatso- 
ever.    Being  to  appear  from  day  to  day  upon 
sumons  without  end.     And  besides  a  guard  of  a  I 
whole    squadron    of    horse    dayly    attending    the  : 
bowse  the  whole  summer  long. 

And  further  to  show  of  what  perfidious  prin-  j 
ciples  this  Moorland  is,  and  how    he    hath   pro- ! 
fitted     under     Whitlock,     Bradshaw,     Cromwell,  ; 
Thurloes  and  Scott's  employments,  He  told  Sir  | 
Rich,  by  way  of  ostentation  that  himself  and  one 
Mrs  Russell  poyson'd  old  Noll  with  a  jjossett,  and  ' 
laughing  said  that  Thurloe  had  had  a  lick  too —  • 
though  he  miss'd  of  the  effect,  yet  it  laid  him  up  I 
a  great  while  at  Mr.   Lambe's  in  Stx   Bartholp- 1 
mews.*    Also  at  another  time  he  received  £150  in  j 
gold  of  an  embassador  for  the  copy  of  a  paper  j 
lying  in  Thurloes  studdy — and  then  also  said  to 
Sir  Rich,  to  what  purpose  was  it  to  serve  the  King 
when  these  embassadors   would  give  as  much   at 
one  time  for  a  service  done  as  theKing  had  to  live  on. 
Neavertheless  he  must  find  some  way  to  appease 
the    King   for   an   unpardonable    epistle    he   haekj 
printed  to  his  books  of  his  journey  into  Piedmont, 
slighting  the  King  and  his  family  and  advancing 
that  of  Cromwells,  and  withall  said  that  however 
he  would  not  trust  the  king  who  was.  revengeful 
and  of  a  temper  not  to  forgett  injuryes,  and  this  he 
said  to  Sir  Rich,  about  a  month  agone.     And  that 
he  had  already  ship't  his   goods  to   Diepe  and 
written  to  his  father  in  law  in  France  to  procure 
a  protection  from  that  king  for  Thurloe  to  live 
in  Normandy,  who  was  resolv'd  to  trust  the  king 
as  little  as  he,  For,  he  said,  though  the  King  should 
pardon  Thurloe,  yet  that  the  bloud  of  Penrud- 
dock,    Sir    Henry  Slingsby   and    Doctor    Hewett, 
whose  deaths  with  many  others  he  had   contriv'd 
would  never  be  forgotten  nor  forgiven,  but  that  he 
would  be  pistolled  one  time  or  other.     Likewise 
Sir  Rich,    was   continually  importun'd  by  Moor- 
land, pretending  he  had  it  in  order  and  instructions 
soe  to  do  that  he  would  begin  a  treaty  and  that 
purpose,  lay  a  designe  to  introduce,  and  invite 
a  party  of  the   Kings  from  abroad  or  from  home 
to  a  suppos'd  surprise  of  a  port,  which  should  be 
a  trapp  to  catch  and  destroy  the  undertakers. 
As  they  have  effected  upon  him.     And  what  vil- 
lainous use  they  have  made  of  a  cypher  taken  from 
him  above  two  yeares  since  (and  pretended  by 
them  to  be  lost)  as  to  forging  of  letters  and  names 
and  emptying  upon  him  the  whole  synke  of  their 
intelligence,  God  knowes.     Moorland  having  told 
him  very  lately  at  London  that  several  persons 
that  were  concern'd  as  he  call'd  it,  came  to   him 
to  know  whether  it  was  true — that  Thurloe  was  j 
printing  a  particuler  of  all  his  intelligencers. 

Lastly  whereas  it  is  said  that  the  said  Sir  Rich. 
W.  was  to  have  by  way  of  contract  £1200  a  year 
from  them  for  giving  intelligence  ;  there  is  nothing 
more  false  then  that  ever  there  was  any  such  offer 
made  him.  Which  together  with  the  rest  afore- 
mentioned, he  offers  freely  to  make  good  either  by 
oath  or  any  other  way  shall  be  proposed  to  him. 
And  is  ready  to  give  a  further  account  of  all  perti- 
<mlars  from  the  beginning  to  the  ending  of  this 
unhappy  negotiation.  And  if  the  said  Moorland 


who,  in  this  condition  (as  he  supposeth)  is  as 
little  to  be  credited  as  himself,  can  by  any  valid 
witnesses,  make  appear  that  Sir  Rich,  talk't  with 
either  Oliver  or  Richard  Cromwell  in  all  his  life,  he 
is  ready  to  own  all  the  accusation  that  is  made 
against  him. 

Note. — Sir  R.  Willys  was  condemned  for  treason 
on  May  15,  1660  (Historical  Manuscripts  Com- 
mission's Fifth  Report,  Appendix,  p.  208). 

J.  G.  M. 


*  "  It's  undoubted  that  he  was  '  velenato,'  and 
Jo.  Thurlo  the  secretary,  had  a  lick  of  it.  Credo 
che  quel  Thurlo  lo  disse  al  Cavalier  Rico.  Willys  " 
(Diary  of  Richard  Symonds,  Harl.  MS.  991). 


COMMONWEALTH     MARRIAGES    AND 

BURIALS   IN   THE   ALDEBURGH 

REGISTER   BOOK. 

(See  12  S.  x.  81,  104.) 

ANNO   1654.    1655. 

BAWKY  &  The  purpose  of  marriage  between 
BUSTIAN  Mellis  Bawky  singleman,  son 
of  Erne  Bawky  widdow  and 
Ailce  Bustian  singlewoman  daughter  of  Anne 
the  wife  of  John  Waters,  all  this  parish,  was  pub- 
lished three  severall  Lords  days  in  the  parish 
Church  of  Aldeburgh  after  the  morning  exercise 
was  done  viz,  on  the  21,  &  28  days  of  January, 
&  on  the  4th  day  of  February  1654 :  And  the  sayd 
Mellis  &  Ailce  were  marryed  on  the  13th  day  of 
March  1654,  by  Mr  Tho  :  Cheney  Justice  of  Peace 
of  this  Corporation. 

BENNET  &  The  purpose  of  marriage  betweeiie 
MILBUBNE  John  Bennet  singleman  of  this 
parish  sonne  of  Marian  Bennet 
of  Kelshall  widdow  ;  and  Anne  Lilburne*  of  this 
parish  widdow  ;  was  published  3  severall  Lords 
days,  in  this  parish  Church  after  the  morning 
exercise  was  done  ;  viz  on  the  21  &  28  day  of 
January,  and  on  the  4th  of  February  1654; 
and  the  John  &  Anne  were  marryed  on  the  22<1 
day  of  February  1654,  by  Mr  Tho  :  Cheney 
Justice  of  peace  'in  this  Corporation. 

BAWKY  &  The  purpose  of  marriage  between 
WEST.  James  Bawky  widdower  &  Eliza- 

noe  certif.  beth  West  widdow,  both  of  this 
parish,  was  published  3  severall 
Lords  days,  viz  on  the  21  &  28  days  of  January, 
and  on  the  4th  day  of  February  1654,  in  the 
parish  Church  of  Aldeburgh  after  the  morninj 
Sermon  was  done  ;  and  the  sayd  James  ant 
Elizabeth  were  marryed  on  the  4th  day  of 
February  without  a  certificat  from  the  Register, 
by  Mr  Tho  :  Cheney  Justice  of  Peace  in  this 
Corporation. 

TELFORD  &     The  purpose  of  marriage  between 

PULHAM.         Edmund    Telford    widdower   and 

Mary    Pulham    widdow    both    of 

this  parish  was  published  3  severall  Lords  days 

in  this  parish  Church  after  the  morneing  sermon 

was   done,   viz   on   the    11,    18,    &    25th   days    of 

February  1654  ;  and  the  sayd  Edmund  and  Mary 

were  marryed  on  the  27th  day  of  February  1654, 

by  Mr  Edward    Cocket  Justice  of  peace  in  this 

Corporation. 

*  So    appears    and    probably   correct,  being   a 
well-known  name  in  Aldeburgh. 


12  8.  X.  FKB.  18,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


125 


SADLER  &      The  purpose  of  marriage  betweene    exercise  was  done  viz,  on  the  24  of  June,  and  on 
SHANK  Thomas     Sadler     singleman     and    the    1st  and   8th  days  of    July    1655  ;     and   the 

Ailce  Shank  singlewoman  both  of  I  sayd  Thomas  &  Margaret  were  marryed  on  the 
this  parish,  was  published  3  severall  Lords  days !  10th  day  of    July  after,  by  Mr  Edward  Cockett 


after  the  morning  sermon  was  done  in  this  parish 
Church,  viz  on  the  25  of  February,  &  on  the  4th 
&  llth  days  of  March,  1654.  And  the  sayd 
Thomas  &  Ailce  were  marry ed  on  the  20th  day 
of  March  1654,  by  Mr  Edward  Cocket  Justice 
of  peace  in  this  Corporation. 


ROGERS  & 
DANIEL 


Justice  of  Peace  of  this  Corporation. 

SHERWOOD  &     The    purpose    of    marriage    be- 
MITCHELL         tweene   John   Sherwood   single- 
man   of    this    parish    (son    of 
Robert  Sherwood   of  Mendham  in  Suffolk)   and 
Susan     Mitchell     singlewoman     of     this     parish 
(daughter  to  Anne  the  wife  of  Samuel  Eccleston 
of   this   parish   alsoe)    was    published    3   severall 
Mary  Daniel  widdow  both  of  this    Lords  days  after  the  morneing  sermon  was  done, 


The  purpose  of  marriage  between 
Robert     Rogers     widdower,     and 


parish  was  published  3  severall  Lords  days  in 
this  parish  Church  after  the  morneing  sermon 
was  done  viz  on  the  18  &  25  days  of  February, 
<fc  on  the  4th  day  of  March  1654  ;  And  the  sayd 
Robert  &  Mary  were  marryed  at  Aldeburgh  on 
the  22th  day  of  March  1654,  by  Mr  Thomas 
Cheney  Justice  of  peace  in  this  Corporation. 

ANNO   1655. 

The  purpose  of  marriage  between 
George  Ellis  singleman  &  Elizabeth 


viz  on  the  29th  of  July,  &  the  5th  &  12th  days  of 
August  1655.  And  the  sayd  John  &  Susan  were 
marryed  on  the  fourth  day  of  September  1655  by 
Mr  Edward  Cocket  Justice  of  Peace  of  this 
Corporation. 

HEWETT  &     The  purpose  of  marriage  between 
BUNDISH       Benson     Hewitt    of    this    parish 
singleman  (sonne  to  Anne  Hewitt 
of     St    George's    parish    London,    widdow)    and 
Margaret   Bundish   of   this   parish   widdow,   was 


ELLIS  & 

FAUSTER         vjreurge  _cjiiis  siiigicmaii  O6  Jiiii/.aiUt;i/xi  i          ,  «  , 

Fauster  singlewoman  (daughter  to    Polished  3  severall  Lords  days  viz  on  the  2,  9  & 
Philip   Key   of   Dunwich   widdow)    both   of   this !  1 6th  ^^  of  September  1655,  after  the_mornemg 


parish   was   published  three  severall  Lords  days 


p 
sh 


in  this  parish  church  after  the  morneing  sermon 


Sermon    was    done:    And    the    sayd    Benson    & 
Margaret  were  marryed  the  llth  day  of  October 


^^r^ort£i^r«rd^Tf^eS^,  ^.^  ***** Tsu* **  ?arnab^ ****** 

1  Esquire  one  of  the  Justices  of  peace  for  this 
county  :  as  appeares  by  a  certificate  under  his 
hand  &  seale  the  day  &  yeare  aforesayd. 


&  on  the  4th  day  of  March  1654  :  And  the  sayd 
George  &  Elizabeth  were  marryed  on  the  16th 
day  of  April  1655,  at  Dunwich,  by  Mr  Will: 
Farrow  Justice  of  Peace  of  that  Corporation 

The   truth   of   all   which   particulars   con- 
tained  in  this  Page   is   testifyed  by  mee 
HEN  :  SEARLE  Register. 

ANNO   1654,  1655. 

SCRUTTON  &      The    purpose    of    marriage    be- 
TARVAR  tween  William  Scrutton  single- 

man &  Mary  Tarvar  single- 
woman  both  of  this  parish  was  published  3 
severall  Lords  days  in  this  parish  Church  after 
the  morning  exercise  was  done,  viz,  on  the  4th, 
llth,  &  18th  days  of  March  1654  ;  and  the  sayd 
William  &  Mary  were  marryed  on  the  17th  day 
of  April  1655,  by  Mr  Edward  Cocket  Justice  of 
peace  in  this  Corporation. 

.  CHENEY  &  The  purpose  of  marriage  between 
BROWNE  Capt :  Thomas  Cheney  widdower, 
of  this  parish,  and  Mary  Browne 
daughter  to  Mr  Thomas  Browne  of  Rendham, 
singlewoman,  was  published  three  severall  Lords 
days  in  this  parish  Church  after  the  morning 
exercise  was  done;  viz  on  the  15th,  22th,  & 
29th  days  of  April  1655;  and  the  sayd  Thomas 
&  Mary  were  marryed  at  Ash  on  the  first  day  of 
May  1655  by  Mr  Robert  Lane  Justice  of  Peace 
in  the  County  of  Suffolk,  as  is  Reported 

WHITE  &      The  purpose  of  marriage  between 
REYNOLDS      John    White   of    Knodishall    wid- 
dower and  Anne  Reynolds  of  this 
parish  widdow,   was   published  on  the   22   &   29 
•  lays  of  Aprill,  &  on  the  6th day  of  May  1655  ;  but 
they  relinquished  each  other  &  were  never  marryed. 

BUCK  &        The  purpose  of  marriage  between 

CRACKNELL    Margaret    Cracknell    widdow    and 

Thomas  Buck  widdower  both  of 

this  parish,  was  published  in  this  parish  Church 

on    3    severall    Lords    days    after    the    morning 


CROSWELL   &     The    purpose   of    marriage    be- 
PARKER  tween  Thomas   Croswell  Single- 

man and  Martha  Parker  widdow 
both  of  this  parish ;  was  published  3  severall 
Lords  days,  viz  on  the  14,  21  &  28th  days  of 
October  after  the  morneing  Sermon  was  done  : 


sayd  Thomas  &  Martha  were  marryed. 
truth  of   all   the  particulars    contained  in 
is 

By  mee  HENRY  SEARLE  Registr 

ANNO  1655.     1656. 

DICKERSON  &    The    purpose    of    marriage    be- 
BOWTELL        tween  John  Dickerson  of  Thorpe 
widdower   and    Christian   Bow- 
tell  of  this  parish  widdow,  was  published  on  the 
25th  day  of  November,  &  on  the  2d  &  9th  days  of 
December   in  this  parish-church  after  the  morn- 
ing Sermon  was  done  1655  :  and  the  sayd  John  & 
Christian  were  marryed. 

HOLDING  &  The  purpose  of  marriage  be- 
CHITTLEBOROW  tweene  Edmund  Holding  wid- 
dpwer,  and  Sara  Chittleborow 
widow,  both  of  this  parish,  was  published  in  our 
parish  church  the  2nd,  9th  &  16th  days  of  Decem- 
ber 1655,  after  the  morning  exercise  was  done. 
And  the  sayd  Edmund  &  Sara  were  marryed. 

PEACOCK  &  The  purpose  of  marriage  be- 
TRUNDLE  tweene  William  Peacock  Single- 
man, the  sonne  of  Simon  Peacok 
of  Saxmundham,  &  Mary  Trundle  singlewoman 
both  of  this  parish,  was  published  on  the  9th, 
16th  and  23d  days  of  december  1655  after  the 
morning  exercise  was  done  in  our  parish  church 
of  Aldeburgh  :  and  the  sayd  William  &  Mary  were 
marryed  at  Aldeburgh  on  the  first  day  of  January 
1655  by  Mr  Thomas  Cheney  Justice' of  Peace  of 
this  Corporation. 


126 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[12S.  X.  FEB.  18,  1922. 


BOBSON  &     The  purpose  of  marriage  between 

WILE         Richard     Bobson    Widdower^    and 

Elizabeth  Wile  widdow  both  of  this 

parish  was  published  on   the  23d  &   30th  days  of 

December,  &  on  the  6th  day  of  January  1655,  in  pur 

parish  church  of    Aldeburgh  after  the  morneing 

Sermon   was   done.      And    the    sayd   Bichard    & 

Elizabeth  say  they  were  marryed  on  the  14th  day 

of  February  att  Dunwich  by  Mr  -  *  Daverson 

Bailyffe  of  that  Corporation,  1655. 

SKEA  &     The    purpose    of    marriage    between 

BOOKE      John  Skea  widdower,  and  Elizabeth 

Booke   widdow   both   of   this    parish 

was  published  on  the  23d  &  30th  days  of  December 

&  on  the  6th  day  of   January  1655,  in  our  parish 

church  of  Aldeburgh  after  the  morneing  Sermon 

was  done.     And  the  sayd  John  &  Elizabeth  say 

that  they  were  marryed  on  the  7th  day  of    Jan- 

uary by  Mr  Thomas  Cheney  Justice   of   peace  in 

this  Corporation. 


&     The    purpose    of    marriage    be- 
FAYREHEAD      tweene     Henry     Downeing      of 
Subborne  singleman.  (sonne     to 
Mary     Downeing     of     Blacksill     widdow)     And 
Anne  Fayrehead  of  Subborne  alsoe,  singlewoman  ; 
was  published    on    the   8th,   15th   &  22d  days    of 
March  in  the  open  market  place  at  Aldeburgh 
1655.     And    the    sayd    Henry   and    Anne   were 
marryed. 

ANDREWS  &     The    purpose    of    marriage    be- 

ISACK  tween  Bobert  Andrews  widdower 

1655,  1656.      and  Jane  Isack  widdow  both  of 

Snape  in  the  county  of  Suffolk, 

was  published  on  the  22th  &  29th  of  March  1655, 

and  on  the  5th  of  April  1656  in  the  open  markett 

at  Aldeburgh.     And  the  sayd  Bobert  <fc  Jane  were 

marryed    on    the  7th  day    of    April   1656    by  Mr 

Tho  :  Cheney  Justice  of  Peace  of  this  corporation. 

ABTHUB  T.  WINN. 
(To  be  continued.) 


PHILIP   DE   HARCOURT,   BISHOP    OF 
BAYEUX. 

THE  recent  discussion  on  the  Harcourt 
pedigree  in  *  N.  &  Q.'  has  suggested  this 
note  on  Stephen's  second  Chancellor. 

Philip,  who  is  said  to  have  been  son  of 
Robert  de  Harcourt,  Sieur  de  Harcourt, 
became  Chancellor  in  succession  to  Roger 
the  Poor,  who  was  arrested  with  his  father, 
the  great  Bishop  Roger  of  Salisbury,!  in 
June,  1139  ;  and  he  is  found  attesting 
several  documents  as  "P.  cancellarius  " 
(Round,  '  Geoffrey  de  Mandeville,'  pp. 
46,  47).  But  he  held  the  Great  Seal  less 
than  a  year,  being  appointed  to  the  bishopric 

*  Blank. 

t  It  is  quite  possible  that  his  mother,  Maud  of 
Bamsbury,  was  the  bishop's  lawful  wife,  and  that 
it  was  only  in  deference  to  Bomish  prejudices 
that  the  younger  Boger  was  known  as  the  bishop's 
"  nephew." 


I  of   Salisbury   in     1140.      According   to   the 

!  '  Annals  '   of  Waverley,  the  King  gave  him 

|  the    bishopric    at    a    mid-Lent    council    in 

London,  but  Bishop  Henry  of  Winchester, 

!  who   was    Legate,   did   not   consent  ( '  Ann. 

I  Mon,'    ii.    228).     John  of  Worcester  states 

j  that  Stephen  gave  the  bishopric  to  Philip 

!  at  Winchester,  by  the  advice  of  his  barons  -r 

and  a  later  note,   of  uncertain  date,  adds 

|  that  Philip  was  not  accepted  by  the  Legate 

and    the    Chapter    (a    clero)    (' Cont.    Flor. 

Wig.,'    ii.     124).     Orderic,    from  whom  we 

learn  that  Philip  was  archdeacon  of  Evreux, 

gives   the   cause   of   the   Legate's   hostility. 

He  wanted  the  vacant  see  for  his  nephew., 

Henry  de  Sulli  *  ;    but  Waleran,  Count  of 

Meulan,|   had   selected    (elegerat)   Philip   de 

Harcourt,     who     was     supported     by     the 

majority  of  the  Council  ;  and  when  the  King 

assented,    the    Legate    withdrew    in    anger 

from  the  court  (Ord.,  'Vit.,'  v.    123).     The 

Waverley  '  Annals  '  add  that  Philip  appealed 

to    Rome,    but    in    vain.     So    he    failed    to- 

secure  his  bishopric. 

Philip  must  have  surrendered  the  Great 
Seal  immediately  on  his  appointment,  in 
accordance  with  the  regular  practice  (c/. 
Farrer,  '  An  Outline  Itinerary  of  King 
Henry  I.,'  p.  3)  ;  for  his  successor,  Robert 
de  Gant,  appears  in  office  in  1140-41  (Hew- 
lett, '  Introduction  to  Gesta  Stephani/ 
p.  xxvii.,  and  note  on  Robert  de  Torigny, 
p.  145).  So  Haskins  must  be  wrong  in 
writing  as  if  Philip  were  still  Chancellor 
when  he  received  the  see  of  Bayeux  (Eng. 
Hist.  Review,  xxvii.  422).  Apparently  he 
received  the  deanery  of  Lincoln  as  temporary 
consolation,  for  according  to  Eyton  he  was 
dean  of  Lincoln  when  he  was  promoted  to 
Bayeux  ('Court,  Household  and  Itinerary 
of  Henry  II.,'  p.  21). 

Philip  was  given  the  bishopric  of  Bayeux, 
apparently  in  1142,  although  the  MSS.  of 
Robert  de  Torigny  seem  to  be  in  a  muddle 
between  1142  and  1143  (cf.  Hewlett's  note 
on  Robert  de  Torigny,  p.  145).  Modern 
authorities,  however,  are  divided  between 

1141  and  1142,  the  earlier  date  being  given 
by  Eyton  (u.s.)  and  Delisle  (^Recueil  des 
Actes  de  Henri  II.,'  Introd.,  p.  415),  whilst 

1142  has  the  support  of  Hewlett  (u.s.},  Le 
Prevost  (Ord.,  '  Vit.,'  v.  123,  note  3),  Gams 
('  Series  Episcoporum  '),  and  Haskins  (Eng. 


*  Henry  was  a  son  of  the  Legate's  eldest- 
brother  William  (disinherited)  by  the  heiress  of 
Sulli.  He  was  consoled  with  the  Abbey  of 
Fecamp. 

t  For  Waleran  see  the  '  D.N.B,'  sub.  Beaumont. 


12  s.x.  FEB.  is,  1922.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  127 


Hist.  Review,  u.s.)  ;  also  Round  (to  judge  de  Torigny,  cites  Gams  without  expressing 
from  the  date  limits  assigned  to  No.  502  an  opinion  of  his  own.  G.  H.  WHITE. 

and  others  in  his   '  Calendar  of  Documents        23,  Weighton  Road,  Anerley. 
Preserved  in  France  '). 

Apparently  Philip  had  revenged  himself 

on  the  unappreciative  Chapter  of  Salisbury  |  INFERENCE  AS  TO  DATE  OF  BIRTH. — For 
by^carrying  off  some  of  their  relics  ;  for  a  pedigrees  earlier  than  the  nineteenth  cen- 
letter  from  the  Archbishop  of  Rouen  to  the  tury  researchers  often  have  to  infer  the  date 
English  prelates  (1142-1153)  announces  the  of  birth  from  statements  of  age  at  certain 
settlement  of  a  dispute  between  the  Bishops  !  epochs,  such  as  entering  school  or  univer- 
of  Bayeux  and  Salisbury  as  to  what  had  '  sity,  or  at  death.  The  data  are  usually 
been  carried  off  from  the  treasury  of  Salis-  ;  a  statement  of  age  in  years  (only),  and  a 
bury  Cathedral :  Philip  has  restored  an  more  precise  date,  with  month  and  day, 
arm  *  covered  with  plates  of  gold  and  of  the  epoch.  But  the  calculation  is  tricky 
adorned  with  precious  stones,  and  has  also  and  difficult,  and  often  that  ambiguous 
given  10  marcs  of  silver  ('Gal.  Docts.  ;  expression  comes  in,  **  cet.  70"  or  so.  That 
France,'  No.  1438).  It  would  be  interesting  should  mean  anno  cetatis  suce  septuagesimo, 
to  know  to  whom  the  arm  was  supposed  i  &c.,  but  is  often  taken  to  mean  <:  aged  " 
to  belong  !  so-and-so  :  the  man  referred  to  is  of  course 

As  Bishop  of  Bayeux,  Philip  was  also  sixty-nine  years  old  and  in  his  seventieth 
Dean  of  the  house  of  Holy  Trinity  of  Beau-  \  year.  And  two  minor  pitfalls  gape  in  front 
mont  until  it  was  granted  to  Bee  (Round,  !  of  us  :  the  ambiguity  (until  1752  inclusive) 
"Commune  of  London,'  p.  116);  and  he  i  of  the  period  between  Jan.  1  and  March 
attested  the  charter  by  which  Count  Waleran  |  24,  both  inclusive  (for  Feb.  3,  1643/4, 
of  Meulan  made  the  grant  in  question.  A  called  at  the  time  sometimes  1643  and  some- 
clause,  which  is  evidently  a  later  addition,  ;  times  1644,  is  for  us  always  1644)  ;  and 
gives  the  date  as  "1142  [sic]  6  Idus  leap  year  (for  Feb.  29  must  always  be 
Decembris"  ('  Cal.  Docts.  France,'  No.  370.)  j  counted  as  Feb.  28  in  years  which  are  not 

We  are  told  that  the  bishop  fuit  vir  I  leap  year,  for  purposes  of  calculation). 
prudens  et  astutus  in  augmentandis  et  re-  \  For  these  and  other  reasons  many  mistakes 
vocandis  rebus  illius  ecclesiae  (Robert  de  i  are  made  by  unskilled  persons  in  inferences 
Torigny,  p.  217).  For  his  activities  in  re- I  from  the  data  mentioned  above,  and  it 
covering  the  property  of  the  see,  cf.  Haskins,  \  seems  worth  while  to  state  precisely  what 
Eng.  Hist.  Review,  xxvii.  437,  439  ;  and  in  can  properly  be  inferred  in  the  three  follow  - 
1154  we  find  that  Geoffrey  de  Clinton  has  ing  cases.  The  results  are  of  considerable 
mortgaged  his  land  at  Douvres  to  the. bishop  '  use  when  parish  registers  have  to  be  searched, 
('  Cal.  Docts.  France,'  No.  1441).  MS  well  as  for  precision  in  dates. 

A  charter  of  Henry  II.   (1156-59)  shows        When  age  at  a  certain  date  is  given,  what 
Philip    presiding,    jointly    with    Robert    de  j  can  be  inferred  about  the  date  of  birth  ? 
Neufbourg— the    Chief    Justiciar    of    Nor-  \      L  Given    year  onl       and  Subtract 

f^w  y^^Q^  u-^mg  S  co!u>*  a*  uRouen  |  the  age  from  the  date.  Then  the  birth  was 
(ibid.,  No.  132),  which  suggests  that  he  was  |  6 at  eariiest  on  Jan.  2  in  the  year  before 

acting  as  Joint  Justiciar  at  the  time  ;    but  |  the  resultant  year  • 

Vernon    Harcourt    considers    that    the    evi-  at  Utest  on  Dec>  31  in  tne  resultant    ear. 


dence   is   not    conclusive    ('  His    Grace    the 
Steward,'  pp.  47-48). 


The  bishop  intended  to  become  a  monk   before'     Then  the  birth  was 


at   Bee,    to    which    he    had   presented    140 
books,   but  died  before  he  could  fulfil  his 


2.  Given    year   and   month.      Subtract   as 


at  earliest  on  the  second  day  of  that 
month,     in     the    year    before    the 


intention,    in    February,    1163    (Robert    de 

Torigny,    p.    217).     This    date    is    accepted  I  ^  .^  on  the  last  day  of  that  month, 

by  Eyton  (op.  cit.,  p.  84)  and  Delisle  (u.s.},  m  the  res«ltant  year. 

but  Le  Prevost  and  Gams    give    the    year        3-  Glven  2/«w»  month  and  day.     Subtract 

as  1164  ;    and  Howlett,  in  a  note  on  Robert   as  before.     Then  the  birth  was 

at  earliest  on  the  next  day  in  that 

in  the  ™  before  the 


t 

may   remember    Beetle's     hazardous    translation  lesultailt  year  ; 

(in   '  A   Diversity   of  Creatures  ')   of   "  Consemiit  atf  latest  on  the  resultant  year,  month 

socerortim  in  arm  is."  and  day. 


128 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[12  S.  X.  FEB.  18,  1922. 


Thus,  to  take  an  actual  case,  if  a  man 
was  (1)  admitted  to  Westminster  School 
in  1736,  aged  11,  (2)  matriculated  at  Oxford 
from  Christ  Church  in  February,  1743,  aged 
17,  and  (3)  died  on  May  2,  1790,  aged  64,  we 
may  infer  thus  much  : — 

1.  That    he   was    born    between    Jan.    2, 

1724,  and  Dec.  31,  1725. 

2.  That    he   was    born    between    Feb.    2, 

1725,  and  Feb.  28,  1726. 

3.  That    he   was    born    between    May    3, 
1725,  and  May  2,  1726. 

Therefore  his  birth  was  between  May  3 
and  Dec.  31,  1725.  FAMA. 

Oxford. 

BLAKE  IN  AMERICA. — Students  of  Blake 
may  be  interested  to  learn  of  an  early 
American  publication  of  some  of  his  poems. 
In  The  Harbinger,  vol.  vii.,  No.  10,  p.  73 
(New  York,  July  8,  1848),  under  the  heading 
'  Poetry '  are  printed  '  Selections  from 
Blake's  Poems,'  consisting  of  five  poems 
from  the  Poetical  Sketches — '  To  the 
Evening  Star,'  '  To  Morning,'  and  three 
songs,  beginning  respectively  "  How  sweet 
I  roamed,"  "  My  silks  and  fine  array," 
and  "  Love  and  harmony  combine."  These 
items  were  discovered  too  late  to  be  in- 
cluded in  Dr.  Geoffrey  Keynes's  new 
bibliography. 

THOMAS  OLLIVE  MABBOTT. 

Graduate  School,  Columbia  University, 
New  York. 

FOUNTAINS  ABBEY  PARCHMENTS. — At  in- 
tervals I  have  been  examining  the  library 
and  valuable  manuscripts  and  parchments 
left  by  my  late  father,  who  all  his  life 
was  zealously  (if  not  very  systematically) 
collecting.  I  have  recently  found  amongst 
a  number  of  other  old  books  in  a  box  in 
the  cellar  of  this  house  'The  History  of 
the  Holy  Warre,'  by  Thomas  Fuller,  second 
edition,  printed  at  Cambridge  in  1640. 
The  book  itself,  with  its  beautifully  illu- 
minated initial  letters,  is  curious,  but  what 
interested  me  still  more  was  the  discovery 
therein  of  two  parchments  emanating  from 
Fountains  Abbey  and  dated  1339.  Now, 
though  my  father  makes  a  note  in  the  old 
volume  that  he  bought  it  at  a  sale  at  Ripon 
in  1874,  it  is  possible,  if  not  probable,  that 
he  never  read  the  book  or  knew  of  the 
existence  of  the  parchments,  otherwise  he 
would  have  removed  them.  At  some  pre- 
vious date  the  book  had  been  the  property 
of  James  Aitcheson,  who  may  have  come 
across  the  parchments  and  placed  them  there. 


We  know  that  it  was  not  uncommon  for 
amulets  and  charms  to  be  written  on 
skin  and  sold  at  monasteries  to  the  pious 
or  superstitious,  but  these  were  usually 
of  a  different  character  to  those  which  have 
now  come  to  light  by  accident.  One,  signed 
by  Robert  Copgrove  (abbot  of  Fountains 
from  1336  to  his  death  in  1346,  sometimes 
described  as  Copegyrie)  has  on  the  full 
length  of  the  left  margin  a  coloured  figure 
with  hideous  features  (painted  violet).  The 
figure  is  kneeling,  is  wearing  a  rochet  with 
gold  points  and  showing  the  scarlet  of  a 
full-length  cassock  beneath.  A  scarlet 
girdle  is  seen  immediately  above  the  golden 
points  of  the  rochet,  which  has  a  pointed 
amice  or  collar  and  has  a  golden  stole  pro- 
ceeding from  under  it.  The  following  is  the 
perfectly  legible  prayer  :— 

Our  fader  whiche  arth  in  heofnai  halowid  be 
thi  name.  Thi  kyngdome  come  to  be  thi  willd 

don  in  earth    as    in    h n    [illegible]    geve    us 

thiss  day  our  breed  odir  substannce.  And  f orgeve 
us  ovr  dettes  as  we  forgeven  ovre  detvrres  &  lyde 
vs  nott  irito  tymptatacion  bvt  delyver  vs  from 
yvel  for  thi  sonnes  sake.  Amen. 

ROBERT  COPGROVE. 

Fontains,  A.M.   1339. 

There  is  no  illumination  on  the  second 
parchment,  which  is  in  the  same  calligraphy 
and  has  inscribed  upon  it : — 

Ave  holie  &  grete  fader  in  hevine  Do  wee  aske 
grete  meercyes  from  thi  hand  and  unto  [us] 
geve  all  thynges  whyche  in  thi  bountyfull  gude- 
ness  thi  hand  may  seem  fytt  to  bewtowe  upon 
oure  wycked  and  bad  selves  and  wovld  wee  ask 
of  the  O  grete  and  powerfull  God  not  to  benumbe 
ovre  hearyng  and  seeing  those  thyngs  of  whiche 
and  by  whiche  we  through  thi  deer  sonne  Jesu.s 
may  come  to  the  throne  of  grace  and  thyre 
obtayne  forgyvness  for  all  our  syrines  and  suche 
falts  as  may  have  been  commitiyed  by  us  and 
we  would  aske  thi  blessyng  to  fall  upon  ovre 
Kynge  Henrie  and  all  ye  people  of  thys  natcion 
and  all  rude  and  wcykedness  whatsoevere. 

J.  FAIRFAX-BLAKEBOROUGH. 

Grove  House,  Norton-on-Tees. 

GILBERT  IMLAY  AND  HENRY  LEE  (see 
12  S.  ix.  488).— I  am  mortified  to  find  that 
I  gave  the  wrong  Henry  Lee  as  the  re- 
cipient of  Gilbert  Imlay's  letter  of  Sept.  2, 
1784.  As  a  penance  for  this  mistake  I 
have  looked  through  various  authorities 
for  the  right  Henry  Lee,  and  in  doing  so 
ran  across  an  interesting  reference  to  Keats, 
which  I  append  in  its  appropriate  place. 

The  Henry  Lee  whom  Imlay  wrote  to 
was  born  in  Prince  William  County,  Va.,  in 
1757.  He  went  to  Bourbon  Co.,  Kentucky, 
then  a  part  of  Virginia,  in  1779,  as  a  sur- 
veyor. In  1785  he  founded  Lee  Station, 


12  S.  X.  FEB.  18.  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


129 


and  soon  after  was  one  of  the  founders!  The  map  itself  is  of  great  interest  but  com - 
of  the  two  adjoining  towns,  Washington ,  ment  on  it  must  be  left  to  Mr.  John  E. 
and  Maysville.  Pritchard,  F.S.A.,  who  has  been  the  means 

Of  this  town  of  Washington,  Collins,  in  his    of  the  discovery  of  a  very  fine  copy. 
'  History  of  Kentucky,'  has  this  interesting  j  ROLAND  AUSTIN. 

SCARLET    HUNTING    COAT. — Why     called 
"  pink  "  ?     Search  in  various  works  of  refer- 


ence fails  to  reveal  an  explanation. 

ROLAND  AUSTIN. 

PSEUDO-TITLES  FOB  "  DUMMY  "  BOOKS. — 
Many  years  ago  there  appeared  in  '  N  &  Q.' 
lists  of  sham  titles,  adapted  for  the  backs  of 
dummy  books,  laid  upon  sham  shelves, 
masking  doors  in  libraries.  '  Extinct 
Titles'  was  one,  'Thoughts  upon  Wood' 
was  another.  For  a  row  of  folios  at  the 
bottom  I  remember  s  Auctorum  ignotorum 
omnia  quae  non  supersunt.'  Can  any  old 


subscriber 
lists  ? 


give    the    references    to    these 
EDWARD  HERON-ALLEN. 


note  : — 

The  most  celebrated  school  in  the  west  at  the 
time  was  in  Washington,  1807-12  ;  that  of  Mrs. 
Louisa  Caroline  Warburton  Fitzherbert  Keats, 
sister  of  Sir  George  Fitzherbert  of  St.  James's 
Square,  London,  and  wife  of  Rev.  Mr.  Keats,  a 
deaf  and  uninteresting  old  gentleman,  relative 
of  the  great  English  poet,  George  (sic)  Keats. 

Henry  Lee  was  appointed  Captain  of 
Militia  in  1786  by  Patrick  Henry,  Governor 
of  Virginia;  in  1787-8  he  represented 
Bourbon  Co.  (now  Mason  Co.)  in  the  Virginia 
Legislature,  and  in  the  latter  year  cast  one 
of  the  168  votes  which  ratified  the  Constitu- 
tion of  the  United  States  by  the  narrow 
majority  of  10.  He  was  surveyor  of  Mason 
Co.  in  1789  ;  was  appointed,  1792,  Lieu- 
tenant-Colonel by  Governor  Isaac  Shelby,  the 
first  Governor  of  Kentucky  ;  and  in  the 
same  year  (in  which  Kentucky  was  made 
a  separate  State),  Lee  was  one  of  the  Com- 
missioners who  selected  Frankfort  as  the 
State  capital. 

In  November,  1 794,  he  was  pla  ced  bv  Presi-  

dent  Washington  in  command  of  an  army  !  are  many  scattered  about  the  country, 
raised  to  suppress  an    insurrection   in   the  I  LAURANCE  M.  WULCKO. 

western  counties  of  Pennsylvania,  and  in 
1798    was     made     Brigadier  -  General      by 

Governor    James    Garrard        He    died    at ,  MENT._The  following  meagre  paiticulars  of 
Maysville,  Mason  Co.,  Kentucky,  Oct.  24,   the  chapiains  to  the  regiment   aie  known. 

Can  any  reader  supply  information  as  to 
the  date  and  place  of  birth,  education,  and 
careers  before  appointment  to  and  after 
leaving  the  regiment  ? 


GRAVES  OF  POLISH  EXILES  IN  BRITAIN. — • 
I  should  be  glad  to  hear  of  any  graves 
or  memorials  in  the  British  Isles  of  Polish 
exiles.  The  only  ones  I  know  are  those 
of  Ostrowski,  Nowosielski,  Darasz,  and 
Worcell  in  Highgate  cemetery,  and  that  of 
Stolzman  at  Haverigg,  but  no  doubt  there 


142,  Kinfauns  Road,  Goodmayes,  Essex. 
REGIMENTAL  CHAPLAINS,  H.M.  84TH  REGI- 


1845,  in  his  89th  year. 

W.  CLARK  DURANT. 


©uertes. 

WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries 
;a  order  that  answers  may  be  sent  to  them  direct. 


"  FIRDOR." — In     Arber's     '  Term     Cata- 


William  Parry,  Jan.  9,  1759,  to  Dec.  25, 
1764  ;  joined  the  Bengal  Establishment 
Nov.  4, 1762  ;  died  in  Calcutta,  April  13, 1769. 

John  Bethune,  June  14,  1775,  to  1783  ; 
died  1817.  It  is  probable  that  he  was 
domiciled  in  America  both  before  and  after 


logues,'  i.  135    (1),  is  the  following  entry  :—   this  service 

In  exact  Map)  or  Delineation,  of  the  City  of        Thomas  Beamish,  Nov.  2,   1793 
Bristol   and    Suburbs   thereof.     In   Pour   Sheets,!       Thomas    Beaumont,    March    1,     1794,    to 
encompassed  with  a  large  Firdor  shewing  most  of    1797. 
the  principal  Buildings  therein  contained.  .  .  .  Second  Battalion,  84th  Regiment. — Alex- 

What  is  the  meaning  of  "  firdor  "?     Isthejander   Mackenzie,    July    12,    1777;      trans- 
word  met  with   elsewhere?     The   meaning  j  f  erred  to  77th  Foot,  1782. 
which  suggests  itself  is  "  border,"  but  search  j      William      Duncan,     Aug.      1,      1782     (v. 
in  dictionaries  old  and  new  is  without  re- j  McKenzie  transferred),  to  1783. 
suit.     Dr.  Henry  Bradley  has  kindly  veri- !      (Both  the  above  probably  were  domiciled 
fied     "  Arber  "   with  the  original  and  finds   in  America.) 

the  spelling  is  correct  so  far  as  that  is  con- 1  John  Mason,  Nov.  15,  1794,  to  full 
cerned.  Is  it  possible  that  the  printer  of  the  j  pay,  1795  ;  died  on  service  in  the  Red 
original  '  Term  Catalogue  '  made  a  mistake  ?  Sea,  1799.  MAZINGABBE. 


130 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [12  s.x.  FEB.  is,  1922. 


"SATAN   REPROVING   SIN." — At   11   S.  v. 
330,  I  find  that  the  source  of  this  phrase  was 
risked,  but  no  replies  appear  to  have   been  ; 
received.      The    librarian    of     Guildhall    as- 
sisted me  by  a  reference  to  Lean's  '  Collec- 
tanea,'   vol.  iv.   (1904),  p.   91,  where  Lean 
quotes  James  Kelly's   '  Scottish  Proverbs,'  | 
(1721).     Another  hint  was  received  from  a 
Scotsman,  who   pointed  to    '  The  Fortunes 
of  Nigel,'  vol.  ii.  (1879),  p.  311,  where  George  ! 
Heriot  says,    "  I  am  afraid  I  might  have ! 
thought   of  the   old   proverb   of   Satan  re- 
proving sin."     Can  any  present-day  reader 
assist  further  ?  C.  W.  WHITAKER. 

12,  Warwick  Lane,  B.C. 4. 

UNIDENTIFIED  ARMS. — Can  anyone  kindly 
identify  the  following  arms  ? — "  Argent,  a 
chevron  sable  between  three  bulls'  heads 
erased  sable."  Kindly  reply  direct. 

H.  WILBERFORCE-BELL. 

21,  Park  Crescent,  Oxford. 

THE  MONTFORTS  OF  FARLEIGH. — In  his 
guide  to  Farleigh  Hungerford,  the  Rev. 
J.  E.  Jackson  gives  a  pedigree  of  the  Mont- 
forts  of  Farleigh  Montfort,  as  it  was  at 
one  time  called.  He  writes :  "In  the 
reign  of  William  Rufus,  it  had  been  granted 
to  the  family  of  Montfort,  from  whom  it 
obtained  the  name  of  Farleigh  Montfort. 
They  were  lords  also  of  Wellow  and  Half 
a,  manor  of  Nunney.  .  .  ."  The  first 
Montfort  he  refers  to  in  his  pedigree  is 
one  Henry  de  Montfoit,  A.D.  1200.  They 
would  appear  to  have  belonged  to  the  family 
of  Montfort  -sur-Hisle. 

Could  any  reader  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  throw  any 
light  upon  their  history  before  1200  ? 

R.   M.  DEELEY. 

SURNAME  LACKLAND. — Is  it  known  if  any 
of  the  illegitimate  sons  of  Kirig  John  assumed 
the  nickname  of  Lackland  as  a  surname  ? 
I  have  consulted  many  histories  of  England 
and  other  works,  including  Miss  Norgate's 
*  John  Lackland,'  but  I  can  find  no  informa- 
tion on  this  point. 

I  think  I  am  right  in  saying  that  at  this 
early  period  nicknames  applied  almost 
entirely  to  the  individual  alone,  and  that 
only  in  rare  instances  did  the  nickname 
become  an  hereditary  surname.  Of  these 
exceptions  at  this  period  there  are  instances 
in  such  old  names  as  Scrope,  Pauncefote, 
Beauclerk,  Grosvenor  and  Lackland,  all  of 
which  still  exist  as  very  uncommon  surnames 
-  to-day.  FREDERIC  CROOKS. 


FIDDLERS'  GREEN.- — "  He  won't  go  to 
heaven :  he'll  go  to  Fiddlers'  Green,  two 
and  a  half  miles  beyond  hell  !  " 

"  I  shan't  go  to  heaven  :  I  shall  get  off 
at  Fiddlers'  Green,  twenty -five  miles  this 
side  of  heU  !  " 

These  sayings,  reported  by  different  indi- 
viduals, the  first  by  a  sexagenarian,  the 
second  by  an  octogenarian,  seem  to  point 
to  a  piece  of  English  folk-lore  about  the 
status  of  fiddlers  hereafter. 

ALBERT  J.   EDMUNDS. 

J.  RICHARDS  :  IDENTIFICATION  OF 
CHURCH  SOUGHT. — Can  anyone  identify  the 
name  and  location  of  the  church  painted  by 
J.  Richards,  engraved  by  "  T.  Hearne, 
.  .  .  Pupil  to  Mr.  Woollett,"  and  in- 
scribed, "  Engraved  after  an  Original  Pic- 
ture of  Mr.  J.  Richards.  Published  by  T. 
Bradford,  No.  132  Fleet  Street." 

The  church  is  situated  on  a  hill  sur- 
rounded by  a  wooden  fence.  At  the  east 
end  of  the  church  there  are  a  farmhouse 
and  barn*;  a  man  on  horseback  with  trees 
and  cattle  in  the  foreground.  In  the  dis- 
tance to  the  west  are  depicted  several 
houses  and  a  windmill.  The  size  of  the 
engraving  is  11  by  14  in. 

STEVENSON    H.    WALSH. 

Philadelphia. 

ST.  MICHAEL'S,  GUERNSEY. — In  Warner's 
'  History  of  Hampshire,'  vol.  iii.,  p.  54, 
there  is  given  an  account  of  the  opening  of 
the  above  church,  A.D.  1117,  and  one  of 
those  attending  the  ceremony  was  Rem. 
(Remont  ?)  de  Tombe.  Is  it  known  whether 
this  Remont  belonged  to  the  ancient  family 
who  bore  the  arms  of  "three  tombstones  " 
which  are  shown  upon  a  sundial  at  New- 
church,  Isle  of  Wight,  and  are  said  to  be 
quartered  with  those  of  the  members  of  the 
Dillington  family  ?  Can  anyone  say  if 
these  arms  are  still  borne  by  any  family  other 
than  Sir  John  Tomes  (the  late)  and  his 
descendants  and  those  connected  with 
Long  Marston,  Gloucestershire  ? 

T.  C.  TOMBS. 

60,  Harrow  View,  Harrow. 

"  LOVE  "  in  PLACE-NAMES. — What  is  the 
derivation  and  signification  of  the  generic 
place -word  love  preceded  by  atte  or  de  as 
in  the  following  examples  of  the  early  part  of 
the  fourteenth  century:  Love  (Cambs), 
Luef  (Hants),  Louf  (Suss,  and  Wilts), 
Loof  (Suff.)  ?  It  seems  to  be  also  an  ele- 
ment in  some  compound  place-names  such 
as  Loveridge,  Loufford,  Lovegrove,  Love 


12  s.x.  FBB.  i8?i922.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


131 


Hill,  Love  Green,  Lovehurst,  Lovecott,  &c., 
i.e.,  where  the  oldest  forms  do  not  indicate 
the  personal  name.  The  word  is  not 
mentioned  in  the  ;  N.E.D.'  or  in  any  other 
work  of  reference  known  to  me.  E.  G.  T. 

SAVEBY  FAMILY  BOOKPLATES. — I  should 
be  glad  to  know  of  any  bookplates  of  the 
Savery  family  of  Devon,  whose  arms  are 
Gules,  a  fess  vair  between  three  unicorns' 
heads  couped,  or — Crest,  a  heron's  head 
erased  argent  between  two  wings  displayed 
sable,  holding  in  the  beak  an  olive  branch 
vert  (sometimes  an  eagle's  head] — and  gene- 
rally quartering  the  arms  of  Servington 
of  Devon,  viz.,  Ermine  on  a  chevron 
azure  three  bucks'  heads  cabossed  or,  the 
co-heiress  having  married  Stephen  Savery 
of  Great  Totnes,  Devon.  I  possess  one  of 
Charles  Savery  of  Bristol  quartering  Ser- 
vington and  impaling  Butler  of  Caerleon, 
Monmouthshire,  viz.,  1st  and  4th,  Or  a  chief 
indented  azure ;  2nd  and  3rd,  gules,  three 
covered  cups  or.  Also  one  of  the  Webster 
family,  On  a  lozenge  argent,  a  cross  flory 
between  four  mullets  sable  with  an  es- 
cutcheon of  pretence  for  Savery  quartering 
Butler.  Were  the  Butlers  of  Irish  descent 
and  to  what  family  of  Webster  did  the 
bookplates  belong  ?  Any  information  would 
be  gratefully  received. 

LEONARD  C.  PRICE. 

Essex  Lodge,  Ewell. 

NEVIN  FAMILY. — I  would  like  to  know  the 
ancestry  of  Hugh  Nevin,  who  was  appointed 
vicar  of  Donaghadee,  Co.  Down,  in  December, 
1634.  He  was  the  grandfather  of  Thomas 
Nevin,  born  at  Kilwinning,  Ayrshire,  in 
1686.  Thomas  was  educated  at^  Glasgow 
College,  where  he  matriculated  Feb.*  25,  1703. 
He  was  ordained  Minister  of  Downpatrick 
by  the  Down  Presbytery,  Nov.  20,1711.  He 
died  March,  1744,  and  was  succeeded  by  his 
son  William  in  1746.  William  died  Nov.  13, 
1780,  and  was  succeeded  by  his  second  son, 
also  William,  as  minister  at  Downpatrick, 
1785-9.  This  William  afterwards  became 
an  M.D.  Thomas  Nevin  married  a  daughter 
of  James  Fleming,  minister  of  Lurgan. 

Did  any  member  of  this  family  emigrate 
to  America,  and  when  ? 

Andrew  Nevin  married  a  sister  of  Lady 
Montgomery  of  the  Ards ;  was  he  of  the 
above  family  ?  What  was  the  maiden  name 
of  his  wife  ? 

I  will  appreciate  any  information  in 
regard  to  the  above  family. 

J.  D.  NEVIN. 


EMRA  HOLMES,  Collector  of  Customs 
at  Woodbridge,  Suffolk,  (1876),  author  of 
Tales,  Poems,  &c  ,  1879  and  1881,  'Annabel 
Vaughan,'  '  Mildred,  an  Autumn  Romance,' 
|  &c.,  sub-editor  of  '  The  Universal  Masonic 
Calendar  '  and  a  quondam  contributor  to 
The  Freemason.  Where  and  when  did  he  die  ? 

W.  N.  C. 

BLOXAM. — Charles     Henry    Bloxam.    was 

admitted  to  Westminster  School  in  January, 

1824,    aged    11  ;     Fraser   Houston   Bloxam 

in    January,    1819,    aged    8;     and    George 

Frederick  Bloxam  in  January,    1834,  aged 

{  10.     Can  correspondents  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  give 

!  me  any  information  about  these  Bloxam  s  ? 

G.  F.  R.  B. 

BOULGER. — John    Boulger,    son    of    John 
I  Boulger    of     St.    Martin's    parish,    Chester, 
I  graduated  M.A.  at  Oxford,  from  Ch.  Ch.  in 
!  1816,   and  William  Boulger,   eldest  son  of 
William    Boulger    of     Bradfield,    Berkshire, 
matriculated  at  the  same    university  from 
Queen's    College     in     1825.     Further     par- 
Iticulars  of  their  careers  are  desired. 

G.  F.  R.  B. 

BRINDLEY  AND   BRADBURY. — James  and 

!  Susannah  Brindley,   the  parents   of   James 

!  Brindley    the    celebrated    engineer    of    the 

I  Bridgewater  Canal,  were  living  at  Spinner 

Bottom,  Hayfield,  Derbyshire,  in  1723  and 

1726,  when    the    baptisms    of    their    sons, 

|  Henry    and    John,    were    recorded    in    the 

i  Hayfield  Registers.     What  was  the  maiden 

name    of    Susannah    Brindley  ?     Can    she 

have     been     the    Susannah,    daughter    of 

i  Mr.    John   Bradbury    of    Spinner     Bottom, 

baptized   at   Hayfield,    1691.      It   is  worth 

noting  that  Samuel,  son  of  Richard  Brinsley 

j  of  Spinner  Bottom,  was  baptized  April  7, 

!  1716,  at  Hayfield.  F.  BRADBURY. 

Sheffield. 

GENERAL  CLEMENT  EDWARDS. — -I  shall  be 
glad  if  any  reader  can  give  me  any  particulars 
concerning  the  pedigree,  career  and  de- 
scendants of  General  Clement  Edwards, 
C.B.,  formerly  Colonel-in-Chief  of  the  18th 
Royal  Irish  Regiment  and  Adjutant -General 
during  Cardwell's  time.  Was  he  the 
originator  of  the  short  service  system,  or 
was  he  responsible  for  the  abolition  of 
i  purchase  in  the  Army  (or  both)  ? 

A.  ANDERSON. 

OFFICE  OF  MAYOR  :    PLACE  OF  WORSHIP. 

— Is  there  any  definite  rule  as  to  the  place 

of  worship  which  a  mayor  and  corporation 

I  should  attend  on  the  first  and  last  Sundays 

i  of  office  ?  W.  P.  T. 


132 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [12  s.x.  FEB.  18,1022. 


HK4HGATE. — How  many  places  are  known 
to  bear  this  name,  and  what  is  the  earliest 
date  of  its  occurrence  in  each  case  ?  When 
does  the  name  appear  first  as  a  personal 
name,  and  with  what  variation  in  spelling 
does  it  recur  through  the  centuries  ?  Is 
the  origin  to  be  sought  in  High-gate,  or 
in  Hey-ga,te  ?  Do  the  topographical 
features  of  the  places  bearing  this  name 
throw  any  light  on  the  subject  ?  Norden's 
view  is,  of  course,  well  known. 

S.  J.  MADGE. 

69,  Oakfield  Road,  Stroud  Green,  N.4. 

'ViVA  Pio,  PAPA,  BE. — About  1874  a  song 
was  published  in  Kensington  (?)  entitled,  'Viva 
Pio,  Papa,  Re,'  words  by  Count  Vincent  Ferrero, 
music  by  Catalani.  I  should  be  truly  thankful 
to  any  reader  for  the  name  of  the  publisher. 

I  cannot  trace  it  in  the  British  Museum  cata- 
logue. W.  H.  G. 

POEM  OF  THE  SIXTIES  WANTED. — A  little  poem 
was  published  in  the  early  sixties  describing  the 
adventures  of  two  little  orphan  boys  named  Chris 
and  John.  It  had  a  tremendous  sale  and  ran 
into  several  editions.  Can  any  reader  supply  the 
title  ?  The  opening  lines  were  : — 

"  The  yellow  fog  lay  thick  and  dim 
O'er  London  city  far  and  wide." 

W.  H.  G. 

AUTHOR  WANTED. — Who  wrote  the  poem 
beginning  "  In  the  hour  of  death,  after  this 
life's  whim,"  which  appears  as  No.  883  in  the 
'  Oxford  Book  of  English  Verse  '  under  the  title 
'  Dominus  Illuminatio  Mea.'  It  seems  very 
modern  to  be  really  anonymous.  R.  AITKEN. 

[This  is  by  R.  D.  Blackmore  ;  but  where  did  it 
first  appear  ?] 


EDWARD  MORE  (1479-1541)  WARDEN 
OF  WINCHESTER  COLLEGE. 

(12  S.  ix.  406.) 

WARDEN  MORE  was  certainly  not  the  "  Dr. 
Edwardus  Morus,  Anglus,"  who  matricu- 
lated at  Wittenberg  in  April,  1539,  nor  was 
he  the  Englishman  (name  now  unknown) 
who  stayed  at  Wittenberg  as  Luther's  guest 
in  November,  1538,  and  the  following  months. 
The  point  is  settled  by  the  College  account 
roll  of  1538-9,  which  runs  from  Sept.  14, 
30  Hen.  VIII.,  to  Sept  12,  31  Hen.  VIII. 
Here  is  a  translation  of  some  of  the  entries 
under  "  Custus  necessarii  cum  donis  "  : — 

For  expenses  of  sir  Warden  and  sir  Rythe  and 
others  with  them  riding  to  London  in  the  month 
of  November  [1538],  as  in  food,  drink,  botage  and 
other  necessaries,  as  appears  by  book,  £4  Os  2£cl. 
.  .  .  For  expenses  of  sir  Warden  and  sir 
Rythe  and  others  with  them  riding  to  London  in 


the  month  of  February  [1538-9]  on  business  of  the 
College,  as  appears  by  bill,  £7  Os  5£d.  .  .  .  For 
expenses  of  [Thomas]  Elyatt  [the  College  swine- 
herd, "  custos  porcorum  "]  riding  to  sir  Warden 
at  Durrington  [Wilts,  where  the  College  had  pro- 
perty], 5d.  And  for  expenses  of  sir  Warden  arid 
sir  Rythe  and  others  with  them  riding  to  Parlia- 
ment [which  had  been  summoned  to  meet  at 
Westminster  on  April  28,  1539]  in  the  Easter  pro- 
gress, as  in  food,  drink,  provender  for  horses  and 
other  necessaries,  as  appears  by  book,  £6  9s  3£d. 
...  In  expenses  of  sir  Warden  in  the  time  of 
Parliament  for  a  moiety  of  his  commons  from  21 
May  to  8  June,  37s  8d. 

It  appears,  by  the  "  allowances  for  com- 
mons "  served  in  the  College  hall,  which  are 
set  out  week  by  week  in  the  account  roll,  that 
in  that  year  the  following  were  the  only 
weeks  throughout  which  More  was  absent 
from  the  College  :  1st  quarter,  4th  and  llth 
weeks  ;  2nd  quarter,  7th  and  8th  weeks  ; 
3rd  quarter,  7th  to  12th  week  (inclusive). 
These  absences  are  explained  by  the  entries 
quoted  above,  and  it  is  clear  that  he  did  not 
go  to  Wittenberg.  It  may  be  added  that 
he  never  had  a  doctor's  degree  (he  was  only 
a  bachelor  of  divinity),  and  that  he  was 
bound  by  the  statutory  oath  of  a  warden 
not  to  absent  himself  from  the. College,  ex- 
cept on  College  business,  for  more  than  two 
months  (either  continuously  or  diseontinu- 
ously)  in  any  one  year. 

John  Rythe,  who  accompanied  him  on 
his  journeys  from  Winchester,  was  a  Fellow 
of  the  College.  In  Kirby's  '  Scholars,'  p.  8. 
he  figures  among  the  Fellows  as  "  William 
Rythe."  In  the  Register  of  Fellows  in  our 
'  Liber  Albus '  his  Christian  name  wras  first 
entered  as  "  Willelmus  "  and  then  corrected 
|  by  the  same  hand  to  "  Johannes."  This 
I  part  of  the  register  is  not  contemporaneous, 
but  was  written  up  from  1532  onwards  by 
Thomas*  Larke  (Fellow,  1560-82),  who,  as 
our  accounts  and  other  records  show,  omitted 
several  names  and  sometimes  gave  wrong 
dates  to  admissions.  Rythe,  the  Fellow, 
was  identical  with  "Johannes  Ryth,"  a 
scholar  elected  in  1522,  to  whose  name  in  our 
Register  of  Scholars  there  is  the  marginal 
note  (probably  Larke's),  "  vicarius  Gilling- 
ham  :  socius  Winton."  He  was  instituted 
vicar  of  Gillingham,  Dorset,  on  Feb.  9, 1541-2, 
upon  the  death  of  Warden  More,  for  More 
had  been  holding  this  living  since  April, 
1527,  and  had  been  presented  to  it  by 
another  Wykehamist,  Dr.  William  Flesh- 
j  monger,  Dean  of  Chichester  (see  Hutchins's 
i  '  Dorset,'  iii.  (1868),  646).  The  date  of  More's 
death  is  stated  in  our  '  Liber  Albus  '  with 
I  great  precision:  "  obiit  1541  penultimo 
Decembris  hora  a  prandio  2*  subitanea 


1:2  S.  X.  FEB.  18,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


133 


morte  sed  senectute  bona,  intestatus : 
sepelitur  in  choro."  The  "  intestatus  " 
tersely  expresses  disappointment  at  the  lack 
of  benefactions  under  a  will. 

Kirby  ('  Annals,'  p.  229)  stated  that  More 
gave  the  College  its  "  Election  Cup,"  an 
error  which  was  unfortunately  repeated  in 
Sir  Charles  Jackson's  '  Historv  of  English 
Plate'  (1911),  ii.  653.  It  was  really  the 
gift  of  Dr.  John  White,  who  resigned  the 
wardenship  on  Oct.  1,  1554,  after  his 
appointment  as  Bishop  of  Lincoln.  A  copy 
of  White's  letter  accompanying  the  gift, 
dated  from  "  Bugdeaiie  "  (Buckden,  Hunts) 
Aug.  20  (1555),  and  signed  "Jo.  Lincolni- 
ensis,"  occurs  in  our  "  Register  G,"  f.  2336. 

The  word  "  botagium,"  which  I  trans- 
lated above  merely  as  "  botage,"  is  said  in 
D'Arms's  *  Lexicon  '  (1890)  to  signify  "  prse- 
statio  pro  vino  quod  in  botis  seu  vasis  vinariis 
distrahitur,"  which  apparently  means  "pay- 
ment for  (or  duty  on)  wine  sold  in  butts  or 
wine-jars,"  but  it  seems  to  me  just  possible 
that  the  word,  as  used  in  the  above  passage 
and  elsewhere  in  our  accounts,  is  equivalent 
to  "  batillagium,"  and  means  "  boatage  or 
boat-hire."  The  Warden  and  his  party  rode 
from  Winchester  to  Brentford,  and  frequently 
went  thence  by  boat  to  Queenhithe,  to  put 
up  at  "  Trumper's  Inn,"  a  house  which  the 
College  owned  in  Little  Trinity  Lane. 

The  Easter  progress  ("  progressus  Pasche  ") 
was  one  of  two  progresses  which  the  Warden 
used  to  make  annually,  to  visit  the  College 
estates.  It  generally  took  him  to  Har- 
inondsworth  in  Middlesex,  where  the  manor 
then  belonged  to  the  College,  and  it  was 
perhaps  from  that  neighbourhood  that  More 
"  rode  to  Parliament  "  towards  the  end  of 
April  or  early  in  May,  1539,  and  attended 
Convocation  as  Archdeacon  of  Lewes,  to 
give  his  opinion  or  vote  on  "  the  Six 
Articles  "  (see  '  Letters  and  Papers 
(Hen.  VIII.),'  vol.  xiv.,  Pt.  I.,  Nos.  860  and 
1065(4) ).  These  documents  (to  which  MB. 
WAINE  WRIGHT  referred)  prove  that  More 
was  then  still  Archdeacon  of  Lewes.  In 
that  capacity  he  had  been  summoned  to 
Convocation  in  November,  1529  ('  L.  &  P.,' 
vol.  iv.,  Pt.  III.,  No.  6047,  p.  2700)  ;  in 
1534-5  he  was  named  as  Archdeacon  of 
Lewes  in  '  Valor  Ecclesiasticus  '  (i.  300)  ; 
and  he  apparently  continued  to  hold  the 
office  until  his  death,  when  his  successor 
from  1542  to  1551  was  John  Sherry  or 
Shirry  (see  '  D.N.B./  Hi.  99).  It  has  been 
stated  that  Robert  Buckenham  was  the 
Archdeacon  in  1531  (' Le  Neve's  Fasti,'  by 


Hardy,  i.  263)  and  in  1547  (Dallaway's 
'  Sussex,'  under  '  Chichester,'  p.  109),  but 
these  dates  cannot  be  correct,  as  I  pointed 
out  at  9  S.  ix.  425.  In  the  '  D.N.B.' 
(vii.  199)  there  is  an  account  of  Robert 
Buckenham  (D.D.,  1531)  which  ignores  his 
connexion,  if  any,  with  the  Archdeaconry 
of  Lewes.  In  1529,  while  Prior  of 
the  Black  Friars,  Cambridge,  Buckenham 

g  reached  against  Latimer.  By  June,  1534, 
e  had  found  it  expedient  to  leave  England 
on  account  of  his  adherence  to  Rome 
('L.  &  P.,'  vol.  vii.,  Nos.  805,  807),  and 
next  year,  while  abroad,  he  was  helping 
Henry  Phillips  in  the  proceedings  against 
William  Tyndale,  which  ended  in  Tyndale1  s 
horrible  death  at  Vilvorde.  Though  the 
fact  is  not  mentioned  in  the  '  D.N.B.,' 
Buckenham  and  Phillips  were  attainted  for 
treason  by  our  Parliament  of  1539  (*  L.  &  P.,' 
vol.  xiv.,  Pt.  L,  No.  867,  p.  402),  but  I  cannot 
say  whether  either  of  them,  being  caught  in 
this  country,  suffered  the  penalties  of 
attainder. 

Dallaway  (p.  143)  said  : — 

The  entrance  to  Chichester-house,  from  the 
South-street,  leads  through  Canon-gate,  which 
was  greatly  repaired  by  Edward  Moore,  Warden 
of  Winton  College.  .  .  . 

Footnote  : — "  Arms  carved  in  stone,  affixed. 
1.  Wykeham.  2.  A  fess  dancette  between  3 
estoiles,  Moore,  Warden  of  Winton  College." 

In  1912,  when  it  was  decided  that  the 
shields  of  our  Wardens  should  form  part 
of  the  decoration  of  the  College  Chapel,  I 
was  unaware  of  the  above  passage.  An 
authority  at  Heralds'  College  was  consulted 
about  Warden  More's  arms,  and  as  he  re- 
ported them  to  be  "  Azure,  on  a  cross  argent 
five  martlets  sable,  in  dexter  chief  an 
annulet  or,"  that  shield  was  used.  I 
should  be  glad  now  of  further  information 
about  the  arms  at  Chichester.  More  is 
described  in  our  Register  of  Scholars  (1492) 
as  of  Havant,  son  of  a  College  tenant,  but 
I  do  not  know  his  parentage.  H.  C. 

Winchester  College. 

ADAH  ISAACS  MENKEN  (12  S.  ix.  273,  313, 

|  374,  477,  519;   x.  32,  79,  97,   115).— With 

i  courtesy    to   SIR    WILLOUGHBY    MAYCOCK, 

I  her   only  well-based    biographies  are  those 

in    T.    Allston    Brown's     '  History    of   the 

American  Stage  '  (1870),  and  by  her  friend 

Edwin  James  (about  1882,  with  new  facts 

and  maybe  one  fib  from  herself).      Adding 

a  few  sound  items  from  elsewhere,  the  story 

is  briefly  this  : — 

The  merchant  James  McCord's  daughter 
Adelaide  was  born  at  Chartrain  (now  Milne- 


134 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         riss.x.n».i8,i.M. 


burg),  La.,  near  New  Orleans,  June  15, ! 
1835,  having  a  younger  brother  and  sister.  | 
McCord  died  in  1842,  and  the  widow  married  | 
(n.d.)  Dr.  James  Campbell,  an  Army  sur- 1 

§eon  at  the  barracks  in  Baton  Rouge,  the  j 
tate    capital,    who  died  in    1855,   leaving! 
the   family   in   poverty.     The   brother   was  | 
or  became  a  compositor  in  Cincinnati  ;  the ; 
sisters    (already    fine    dancers)    ballet    girls ! 
at  the  French  Opera  House  in  New  Orleans,  j 
A  year  later,  Adelaide,  as   "  Bertha  Theo-  i 
dore,"  joined  a  troupe  travelling  in  Cuba, ! 
Mexico,  and  Texas.     At  Galveston  in  1856  | 
she   met   and  married   a  Jewish   musician, 
Alexander    Isaacs     Menken,     turning     and  i 
remaining  a  nominal  Jewess,  adding  "  Adah  " 
to  her  stage  name  for  colour,  and  reverting  i 
to   his   last   two   as  her  permanent    one — 
all   which   did   not   prevent   her   finding   it  j 
"  tiresome  "    to    "  keep    looking    at  "    him.  ' 
She  was  literary  and  ambitious  (had  trans- 
lated the  Iliad),  and  now  had  a  reputation 
as  "  Queen  of  the  Plaza  "  and  some  money. 
She     returned     to     New     Orleans,     wrote 
a    volume    of    poems    ( '  Memories  ' )    as    by  j 
*'  Indigina,"    studied    Spanish,    French    and  i 
German,    and     trained     as    a    tragedienne,  \ 
Her    debut   was    at   the   Varieties    in   New  j 
Orleans,  as  Bianca  in  '  Fazio,'  in  the  spring  ] 
of   1858.     She  then  went  to  Cincinnati  and] 
Louisville  ;    was  divorced  from  Menken  in 
Nashville  ;      as    leading    lady    for    W.    H. 
Crisp    toured    the    south ;     again    left    the 
stage  ;   studied  sculpture  ;  plunged  ardently  j 
into  newspaper  controversy  and    wrote  in  i 
Cincinnati     for     The     Israelite,     the     chief 
American     Jewish     organ — an     article      in 
support  of  Baron  L.  N.  Rothschild's  sitting  I 
in    Parliament     being     circulated     through 
Europe.     But  she  could  never  keep  money, 
and  publicity  was  her  life  ;     she  went  on 
the  stage  again,  came  to  New  York  in  the  \ 
winter  of    1858-9,  fell  wildly  in  love  with! 
John  C.  Heenan,  the  "  Benicia  Boy,"  and 
married  him  on  April  3.   (James  incredibly  j 
says  she  met  Menken  in  1858,  married  him  \ 
in    1859,    and    Heenan   April    3  !)      Shortly  j 
after   the   birth   of   a  boy   they   quarrelled ! 
and  parted  ;    the  baby  died  and  she  had  a  \ 
serious  illness.     In  June  she  had  first  gone 
on  the  New  York  stage,  at  the  National.  ' 
The  same  year,  apparently,  she  did  her  first ! 
Mazeppa    at    the    Albany    (N.Y.)    Theatre,  j 
for  J.   B.    Smith,   a  speculating  bill-poster.  ! 
It  had  always  been  played  by  men,  with  a  j 
dummy  for  the  steep  runs,  and  Smith  was ; 
unwilling  to  have  her  risk  it  ;    but  after  one  i 
bad  crash  and  a  narrow  escape  she  did  it ; 
regularly.     Again,  at  New  York,  she  played  ! 


at  the  Old  Bowery  two  engagements,  March 
and  April,  1860,  as  Mrs.  John  C.  Heenan,  to 
Heenan's  great  disgust :  his  fight  with 
Sayers  came  off  April  17.  After  this  she 
starred  in  the  south  and  west  under  that 
name,  and  made  a  sensation  by  putting 
Confederate  flags  in  her  room  and  talking 
hotly  secessionist,  for  which  she  was  arrested 
in  Baltimore.  Coming  back  to  another 
engagement  with  the  Bowery,  her  poems 
had  attracted  Robert  H.  Newell,  at  heart  a 
romantic  dreamer  and  hero -worshipper ; 
and  he  took  her  moods  for  solidities.  She 
married  him  either  in  October,  1861,  still 
undivorced  (Brown  and  others),  or  in  1863 
divorced  (James)  ;  anyway,  an  Indiana 
court  freed  her  in  1862.  Newell  stipulated 
that  she  keep  off  the  stage  :  she  sailed  with 
him  to  California  in  July,  1863,  and  promptly 
broke  the  pledge — the  money  offers  from  the 
stageless  miners  and  her  own  cravings  were 
too  tempting,  and  she  set  them  wild  with 
'  Mazeppa '  and  '  The  French  Spy.'  In 
the  spring  of  1864  she  and  her  husband 
sailed  on  a  Liverpool  boat  via  the  Isthmus  ; 
whence  he  returned  to  New  York  to  brood 
for  life,  and  she  kept  on  ;  a  close  companion 
was  Capt.  James  Barclay,  a  rich  Californian. 
In  the  fall  of  1865  she  returned  to  America, 
got  another  Indiana  divorce,  this  time  from 
Newell  (I  wrote  carelessly  on  this),  played 
in  New  York  and  the  west,  married  Bar- 
clay in  1866,  shortly  quarrelled  with  him 
and  went  back  to  Europe,  where  she  re- 
mained ;  dying  in  Paris,  Aug.  10,  1868, 
penniless  and  almost  alone  after  earning 
and  squandering  a  huge  fortune  and  with 
her  name  on  the  lips  of  millions.  She 
was  buried  as  a  Jewess  in  the  strangers' 
quarter  of  Pere  Lachaise  ;  the  next  year 
James,  as  agent  for  friends,  removed  her 
to  Montparnasse  and  put  up  a  monument 
to  her. 

Where  the  "  Dolores  Teurtos  "  (evidently 
the  same  as  the  "  Fuertes  "  and  "  Fuertos  " 
elsewhere)  came  from  is  a  mystery.  I 
hazard  the  guess  that  the  virtual  strangers 
who  saw  to  her  burial  and  knew  nothing  of 
her  antecedents  found  some  poem  in  her 
effects  whose  signature  they  took  to  be 
her  own  name.  The  marriage  and  desertion 
at  seventeen  are  pretty  certainly  fiction :  they 
were  nothing  to  lie  about,  and  she  would 
have  told  James  and  others. 

It  would  be  unfair  to  close  .this  and  not 
say  that  despite  her  craze  for  excitement 
and  novelty  and  self-display,  some  of  her 
closest  companions  held  her  a  great-hearted 
and  most  generous  woman ;  lavish  to 


12  s.x.  FEB.  is,  1922.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  135 


fellow-professionals  and  the  poor  and  i  "  With  these  statements  before  us,"  he 
charitable  institutions,  and  without  greed  or  \  says,  "  we  may  attribute  the  origin  of  the 
guile.  And  she  was  quite  incapable  of  j  *  coal  money  '  to  the  Romans,"  and  pro- 
selling  herself  :  her  husbands  were  real  !  ceeds  to  meet  and  reply  to  the  universal 
husbands  while  they  lasted,  and  her  reten-  \  question,  what  is  the  "  coal  money," 
tion  of  not  only  her  first  lover's  name  but  j  what  was  its  origin,  what  was  its  use  ? 
his  religion,  not  in  any  way  hers,  seems  to  |  by  characterizing  the  various  theories 
show  that  that  romance  never  quite  died.  j  advanced  by  some  antiquaries  as  un- 
FORBEST  MORGAN.  1  satisfactory  ;  whilst  those  who  are  better 

Hartford,  Conn.  j  acquainted  with  the  use  of  the  lathe  have 

i  determined  that  they  are  simply  the  refuse 

KIMMERIDGE  COAL  MONEY  (12  8.  ix.  450,  j  of  the  turners,  and  enters  into  a  discussion 
495).—  May  I,  in  addition  to  the  editorial  i  upon  these  conclusions. 

note  at  the  earlier  reference  refer  MR.  j  Mr  Augten  WQuld  seem  to  have  read  &n 
ARDAGH  to  the  article  by  the  Rev  J  H  ..  |  additional  paper  on  the  subject  in  October, 
Austen  at  p.  82  of  the  Papers  of  the  Purbeck  Ig59  and  a^ai  ft  shorterJ  supplementar  y 
Society  a  journal  running  intermittent  y  ,  Qne  in  the  ^  and  Qnl  nu^er  f  ^ 
irom  1852  to  1869  whilst  aggregating  only  !gecond  volum6)  pubiished  in  1869f  in 


)  f      n 

one  volume  and  the  first  number  of  a  second,  ;  ^  h  he  stateg  ^  he  finds  st  lv 
of  which  complete  copies  are  practically  ,  confirmatory  evidence  of  his  theory  that  a 
impossible  to  obtain?  This  Society  was  £  attached  to  Kimme- 


the    precursor    of    the    present    flourishing 


ridge  coal  and  analogous  substances. 


-r-v  .  -»-r-        »  i  TT»       *  T  A  .    •  •  XAVltiW      1>VP«U      CVUVt      C*AAC*.LV^tiV7LiO      D  U.JLFO  l/CbUX/X/Oc 

Dorset    .Natural     History    and    Antiquarian  .  .     ,  _T    .    _  ,  ....      _„ 

Field  Club  inaugurated  in  1875,  and  of  ',  _ At  the  la*f  ref erenc,e.  m  N.  &  Q  MB.  V* . 
which  I  am  one  of  the  very  few  surviving  .  HABCOUBT-BATH  mentions  an  article  on  the 
original  members.  i  f^f  of  Kimmeridge  "  coal  money"  by  the 

In  this  article  Mr.  Austen  (who  was  the  !ate  Mr'  /•  C-  Mansel-Pleydell  to  be  found 
secretary  and  one  of  the  principal  founders  ! m  one  of  the  early  volumes  of  the  Dorset 
of  the  Purbeck  Society)  gives  a  long,  !  Batumi  History  and  Antiquarian  Field 
interesting  and  well-illustrated  account  of  g^  c:  189(?'  Mr  Mansel-Pleydell  was 
this  "old  antiquarian  puzzle,"  as  the !  the  first  president  of  this  Society  at  its 
editorial  note  not  inaptly  calls  it.  But  as  !  inauguration  m  1875  and  remained  so  until 
it  is  extremely  unKkefy  to  be  within  the  i hls  death  m  May  1902-a  man  with  a 
reach  of  your  correspondent,  may  I  be  i  most  gifted  mind  and  charming  personality, 
allowed  to  give  a  few  short  extracts  from  T  kn®w  ^m  welL)u  H|>  contributed  two 
the  paper,  which  was  read  in  Purbeck  in  £22?  artl^es  mu.th?  P(ro^^  of  this 
November,  1856,  and  may  prove  of  interest  !  S1oc1iet>r  on  the  subfct  of  the  Kimmeridge 
and  value  to  him.  The  author  prefaces  his  !  shalP7e~?n®  on  th?  ,,c°t!  money  (vof  »»: 
remarks  by  saying  :—  P-  178  (1892) )  and  the  other  on  the  geological 

I  have  in  my  possession  specimens  of  everv    formation  and  the  commercial  and  economic 


variety  which  has  been  discovered,  and  still  I 
am  forced  to  confess  that  the  more  I  search,  the 
more  I  inquire,  the  more  conflicting  becomes  ths 
evidence  obtained.  .  .  . 

The   material   of  which   thev  are  formed  is  a 


value  of  the  shale  (vol.  xv.,  p.  172  (1894)). 
The  earlier  of  these  papers  is  no  doubt  that 
to  which  Mr.  Harcourt-Bath  refers. 

These  papers,  though  not  so  difficult  of 


j_j.it;     incvu-i.  AC*J.     v/j.      VTUavu      v**^  y      ct»i^     iv/i  iii^u.     10     c*  —   -.  «     .1          ^-^         -.  i       £N          •     A. 

bituminous  shale  called  Kimmeridge  Coal,  of  access  as  those  of  the  Purbeck  Society,  may 
which  there  are  extensive  beds  on  that  immediate  j  not  be  readily  available  to  Mr.  Ardagh,  so 
part  of  the  coast.  It  is  still  used  by  the  inhabi-  may  I  again  be  allowed  to  transcribe  for  his 
tants  of  _  the  neighbourhood _  as  fuel.  _  burns  benent  a  short  extract  or  two  from  Mr. 


,   with  a  white  ash  and  slaty  residue,  and 


Mansel-Pley dell's    article  ?     In    this    paper 


emita  a  disagreeable  bituminous  odour.     A  few    *          «i-*w««    i»    » 
> cai  s  since   it  was  extensively   worked  for  the  \  I  can  find  no  reference  to  the  earlier  ones 
purpose  of  making  naptha  [sic].  on  the  same  subject  by  Mr.  Austen  (but  his 

name  is  mentioned)  though  of  their  exist- 
ence, one  would  think,  Mr.  Mansel-Pleydell 
could  scarcely  have  been  unaware  at  one 
time,  as  he  was  vice-president  of  the 
Purbeck  Society  when  the  first  of  these 
articles  was  written  so  many  years  before. 

these  forms,  and  criticizes  the  opinions  which   The  long  space  of  time,  however,  and  the 
had  been  published  respecting  these  relics.        common   knowledge    of    the    subject   which 


The  difference  in  the  varieties  of  the  "  Coal 
money  "  arises  from  two  causes  ;  first,  the 
different  kinds  of  chucks  of  the  lathe  used,  and 
secondly,  the  number  of  rings  cut  off  one  piece  ; 
the  usual  form  supplying  only  one,  whilst  from 
that  of  a  conical  two  or  more  have  been  taken." 

Mr.    Austen    gives    several    instances    of 


136 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[12  S.  X.  FEB.  18,  1922. 


both  writers  possessed  in  so  great  a 
might  easily  account  for  this  omission. 

Mr.  Mansel-Pley  dell's  valuable  article 
was  well  illustrated  by  some  photographic 
objects  of  Kimmeridge  "shale,  including 
several  discs  or  "coal  money" — and  he 
begins  his  remarks  on  these  interesting 
relics  by  saying: — 

It  is  now  generally  accepted  that  instead  of 
having  been  expressly  made  for  money  or  any 
other  purpose  it  is  merely  the  refuse  or  waste 
piece  from  the  lathe. 

This  so-called  Kimmeridge  coal  money  is 
made  from  a  bituminous  shale  extensively 
developed  at  the  little  village  of  Kimmeridge, 
which  has  the  honour  of  giving  the  name  to  this 
section  of  the  upper  Portland  series.  It  resembles 
jet,  but  differs  in  being  inorganic. 
And  again  (p.  187)  : — 

From  the  evidence  adduced  above  there  is 
no  proof  that  coal  money  and  other  objects  made 
of  Kimmeridge  shale  were  extant  before  the 
Roman  period.  The  barrows,  which  are  de- 
cidedly British,  yield  nothing  manufactured  from 
the  Kimmeridge  shale,  although  unworked  pieces 
often  occur  for  reasons  to  be  accounted  for  ;  .  .  . 
there  is  no  doubt  that  the  coal  money  is  merely 
the  refuse  or  core  from  the  lathe. 

J.  S.  UDAL,  F.S.A. 

TAVERN     SIGNS  :      "  THE    FIVE    ALLS  " 
(12  S.    ix.    45,    355,    390;    x.   78).— At    the 
second  reference   K.    S.   remarks  that  this 
sign  is   "to  be  found  in  Wiltshire  at  the 
towns   of   Chippenham   and   Marlboro  ugh." 
It  was  at  one  time  to  be  found  at  Devizes  j 
also,  as  may  be  learnt  from  the  '  Journals  I 
and  Letters  '  of   Samuel  Curwen,  Judge  of 
the     American     Admiralty     Court,     whose  j 
diaries  of  his  stay  in  England  from    1775 
to  1783  so  greatly  interested  Charles  Dickens  | 
(Household    Words,   May   and   June,    1853). 
Curwen  set  out  from  Bath  for  London  on  ! 
Aug.   4,   1780,  and  the  following  few  lines 
are  taken  from  his  account  of  the  journey  : — 

At  eleven  o'clock  we  alighted  at  the  Black  | 
Lion  in  Devizes,  where,  after  taking  refreshment. 
I  walked  forth  to  ramble,  and  espied  a  sign  for 
quaintness  of  its  device  here  noted.  On  the  sign 
were  painted  five  men,  well  known  by  the  name 
of  the  "  five  alls  "  ;  the  first  in  order,  according 
to  the  present  mode  of  arrangement  of  Church 
before  King,  stands  the  parson  in  his  sacer- 
dotalibus  ;  he  prays  for  all :  second,  the  lawyer, 
in  his  gown,  band  and  tie-wig  ;  he  pleads  for  all : 
third,  the  soldier  in  uniform,  with  a  fierce  counte- 
nance ;  he  fights  for  all :  fourth  is  a  physician, 
with  great  wig  and  solemn  phiz  and  boluses  and 
juleps  in  his  hand  ;  he  kills  or  cures  all  :  the  fifth 
and  last  is  the  farmer,  with  his  settled,  thoughtful 
countenance  ;  he  pays  for  all. 

In  this  form  the  sign  is  clearly  intended 
as  a  compliment  to  "  the  country  interest," 
and  would  scarcely  be  displayed  in  London, 


the  seat  of  "  the  court  interest."  Curwen's 
next  stopping-place  was  in  fact  Marlborough, 
but  he  does  not  appear  to  have  noted  a 
repetition  of  this  sign,  due  perhaps  to  his 
giving  his  whole  attention  to  the  grounds 
and  gardens  of  the  famous  Castle  Inn, 
which  he  describes  in  some  detail. 

J.  PAUL  DE  CASTRO. 

PRINCIPAL  LONDON  TAVERNS  or  THE 
EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY:  "THE  SWAN 
TAVERN,"  CHELSEA  (12  S.  vi.  144;  x.  96).— 
The  solution  to  the  apparent  discrepancy  re- 
marked by  MR.  ST.  JOHN  BROOKS  in  the  devises 
of  Oct.  11,  1770,  and  April  4,  1794,  lies  in  the 
fact  that  meanwhile,  in  1780,  the  original 
Old  Swan  Tavern,  which  had  stood  at  the 
southern  end  of  Swan  Walk  011  the  eastern 
side  of  Sir  Hans  Sloane's  Physic  Garden  was 
converted  into  a  brewery,"  and  that  the 
second  or  White  Swan  Tavern  was  built  on 
the  western  side  of  the  garden,  which  would 
bring  it  almost  within  Cheyne  Walk.  There 
are  people  still  alive  who  remember  the 
newer  "  Old  Swan." 

It  does  not  appear  to  be  generally  known 
that  Tobias  Smollett  frequented  the  older 
house.  Writing  to  Alexander  Reid,  surgeon, 
on  Aug.  3,  1763,  he  begs  to  be  remembered 
to  his  old  friends  at  the  Swan. 

J.  PAUL  DE  CASTRO. 

"  TIME    WITH   A  GIFT    OF    TEARS  "  (12  S.  X. 

18,  54,  96). — This  passage  is  not  the  only,  or 
even  the  first,  occasion  on  which  Swinburne 
used  the  figure  (whatever  it  is  called)  of 
transposing  the  attributes  of  a  pair  of  en- 
tities. I  remember,  when  '  Atalanta  in 
Calydon  '  was  first  published,  John  Coning  - 
ton,  who  was  then  Professor  of  Latin  at 
Oxford,  instancing  as  an  earlier  -example  of 
this  literary  waywardness  two  lines  of  an 
earlier  tour  de  force  composed  by  Swinburne, 
called  "  The  Woodlouse,"  which  ran — - 

I  remember  all  the  future 

I  prefigure  all  the  past. 

JOHN  R.  MAGRATH. 

ERGHUM  (12  S.  x.  9,  55,  99).— A  canon 
of  Lincoln  described  as  Magister  Radulphus 
de  Ergum,  Erghom,  Yergom,  is  frequently 
mentioned  in  the  capitular  Acta  in  the 
fourteenth  century.  He  was  cited  as 
canon  in  May,  1331,  was  appointed  custos 
choristarum  April  8,  1352,  and  occurs  fre- 
quently as  witnessing  to  proceedings  in 
chapter  from  1337  to  1355.  He  is  not 
mentioned  in  Hardy's  '  Le  Neve,'  nor  is  there 
anything  in  the  Acta  to  show  which  prebend 
he  held,  so  far  as  I  have  noted.  J.  T.  F. 

Winterton,  Lines. 


12  S.  X.  FEB.  18,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


137 


BARON  GRANT  (12  S.  x.  31,  75,  115).— The 
lines  in  question  were  written  by  my  father, 
the  late  Mr.  John  Hill  (who  was  a  member 
of  the  Stock  Exchange),  on  the  morning 
on  which  the  daily  papers  announced  that 
the  King  of  Italy  had  conferred  the  title  of 
Baron  upon  Grant.  There  were  two  lines 
only  :— 

Kings  can  a  title  give,  but  honour  can't. 

Rank  without  honour  is  a  barren  grant. 

He  handed  them  to  a  friend  (Mr.  John 
Renton)  in  "  the  House  "  and  in  an  hour  or 
two  they  were  all  over  London. 

I  have  received  the  following  version  of 
the  Leicester  Square  lines  : — 
What !     Flowers     in    Leicester    Square  ?     These 

flowers  of  Grant's 

Are  but  the  products  of  his  City  plants. 
The  shade  by  which  he  hopes  to  gain  our  praise 
Reveals,  alas,  the  donor's  shady  ways. 
What  can  he  hope  to  gain  from  this  affair 
Save  to  connect  his  name  with  something  square  ? 

I  think  these  were  taken  from  '  House 
Scraps,'  by  Geo.  D.  Atkin  (1887)— the 
"  House "  in  question  being  the  Stock 
Exchange.  LEONARD  HILL. 

EIGHTEENTH -CENTURY  POETRY  (12  S.  x. 
*91). — The  following  information  may  be 
useful : — 

6.  William  Bedingfield.  Was  not  the 
poem  '  Beauty '  attributed  to  this  poet 
written  by  Anderson  ? 

8.  Henry  Carey,  born  1690,  died  1743. 
He  is  believed  to  have  been  the  illegitimate 
son  of  George  Savile,  Marquis  of  Halifax 
<  1633-95),  who  was  the  chief  opponent 
of  the  Bill  excluding  the  Duke  of  York  from 
the  succession,  and  was  made  Marquis  and 
Lord  Privy  Seal  (1682-5).  Carey's  first 
volume  of  poems  appeared  in  1713  ;  others 
In  1720  and  1729.  He  wrote  farces,  bur- 
lesques and  dramatic  pieces,  frequently 
with  the  accompanying  music.  His  best- 
known  poem  is  '  Sally  in  our  Alley.'  It 
was  once  claimed  for  him  that  he  was  the 
author  and  composer  of  '  God  Save  the 
King.' 

10.  The  Hon.  Mary  Molesworth,  daughter 
of  Robert,  first  Viscount  Molesworth,  by 
Letitia,  third  daughter  of  Richard  Coote, 
Lord  Colooney,  married  George,  eldest  son 
of  Henry  Monck  by  his  wife  Sarah,  daughter 
and  heir  of  Sir  Thomas  Stanley  of  Grange 
Gorman,  near  Dublin.  The  dates  of  birth 
and  marriage  are  not  given  in  Burke. 

14.  Richard  Lely.  Was  he  the  Richard 
Lely  of  Greetwell  Hall,  Co.  Lincoln,  de- 
scribed in  his  epitaph  in  Greetwell  Church 


as  "  Petri  Lely,  Car.  II.,  Pictoris,  Nepos 
Natu-maximus,"  who  died  in.  1735  without 
surviving  issue. 

JAMES  SETON-ANDERSON. 
39,  Carlisle  Road,  Hove,  Sussex. 

15.  Henrietta  Knight,  nee  St.  John,  Lady 
Luxborough.      She     was     born     on      "St. 
Swithin's   Day,"    July    15,    1699,   and   died 
March    26,     1756.       In     confirmation,    see 
'  Letters     written     by      the      late      Right 
Honourable  Lady  Luxborough  to  William 
Shenstone,  Esq.,'  published  in  1775.    Letter 
Ixx.,  dated  Barrells,  Wednesday,   July   10, 
1751,  gives  :— 

Why  should  you  not  come  and  celebrate  St. 
Swithin's  Day  with  me  ?  Your  company  will 
make  me  regard  the  day  which  gave  me  birth 
with  much  more  pleasure  than  the  circumstance 
of  its  having  first  shewn  me  the  light :  for  what 
is  light,  or  any  other  blessing,  without  social 
friends  ? 

And  '  Notices  of  the  Churches  of  Warwick- 
shire, Deanery  of  Warwick,'  vol.  i.,  p.  144 
(Ullenhall)  :— 

On  the  south  side  of  the  east  window  is  a  tablet. 
Arms,  Knight  impaling  St.  John,  with  the  fol- 
lowing inscription  :  "  In  the  vault  of  this  chancel 
lie  the  remains  of  Baroness  Luxborough,  B. 
15th  July,  1699,  D.  26th  March,  1756." 

RICHARD  SAVAGE. 

Stratford-upon-Avon. 

16.  Moses    Mendez.     The    date    of    this 
minor   poet's   birth   does   not    seem   to   be 
known,  as  it  is  not  given  in  an  exhaustive 
paper  on  Mendez  by  Mr.   J.   P.   Simpson, 
published     in    Ars    Quatuor     Coronatorum, 
vol.    xviii.   104-109    (1905),    and    describing 
a    volume    containing    poems,    translations 
and   letters  of  Mendez,   of  whom  it  is   re- 
marked that  if  h3  had  been  a  poorer  man 
he  might  have  been  a  greater  poet. 

W.  B.  H. 

17.  Mary  Masters.      At    10    S.    iii.    404, 
405,     the     late    W.     P.     COURTNEY     con- 
tributed   a    column    and    three-quarters    on 
Mary  Masters.     He  there  pointed  out  that 
Croker's  statement  in  a  note  to  Boswell's 
'  Johnson  '  (under  the  year  1752),   "  She  is 
supposed   to   have   died   about    1759,"    was 
probably  based  on  a  notice  in  The  Gentle- 
man's Magazine  for  that  year  of  the  death 
of  a  Mrs.   Masters  at  Brook,   in  Kent,   on 
Sept.  27.     MR.  COURTNEY  refers  to  Samuel 
Pegge's     '  Anonymiana,'     1818     ed.,     cent, 
ix.   89,  where  Mrs.  Masters,  the  poetess,  is 
said  to  have  died  in  June,  1771.     She  had 
lived     at     Pegge's     Rectory,      Whittington, 
Derbyshire,  from  1755  to  April,  1757,  "  when, 


138 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[12  S.  X.  FEB.  18,  1922. 


as   he    judged,    she    was    about    sixty-three 
years  of  age." 

On  p.  474  in  the  same  volume  of  '  N.  &  Q.' 
a  correspondent  suggested  that  the  "  Mrs. 
Masters "  who  died  at  Brook,  in  Kent, 
Sept.  27,  1759,  was  Elizabeth,  widow  of 
Streynsham  Master  (sic)  of  Brook,  in  the 
parish  of  Wingham,  Kent,  who  died  on 
June  22,  1724,  aged  43.  This  Elizabeth 
Master  was  the  only  daughter  of  Richard 
Oxenden,  fifth  son  of  Sir  Henry  Oxenden, 
Bt.,  of  Dean,  or  Dene,  in  Wingham. 

EDWARD  BENSLY. 

EVELYN  QUERIES  (12  S.  x.  91). — I  note; 
that  Wheatley's  edition,  i.  36,  says  Andoyne  j 
not  Awdoyne. 

Audoyne  might  well  be  for  St.  Ouen  I 
(Audoenus),  the  Benedictine  Abbey  of  St.  j 
Ouen  at  Rouen,  of  which  Guillaume  de  j 
Montaigne  was  abbot  from  1639-42  (see 
'  Gallia  Christiana,'  xi.,  col.  155,  ed.  of ! 
1759).  D.  R.  WEBSTER. 

ARAB  (OR  EASTERN)  HORSES  (12  S.  x.  91).  j 
— ARAB'S  inquiry  raises  an  interesting  and  j 
difficult      problem.      Not     only     Professor  j 
Ridgeway,  but  many  other  writers  in  stan- 
dard works  on  the  thoroughbred  horse  make 
the  same  statement,  viz.,  that  Charles  II. , 
sent  Sir  John  Fenwick  to  the  Levant  to  pur- ! 
chase  Barbs  and  Turks  for  the  royal  stud. 

It  is  obvious  that,  so  far  as  Charles  II.  is  • 
concerned,  he  could,  as  King,  not  have  dis- 
patched the  Sir  John  Fenwick  who  died  two 
years  before  the  Restoration  on  this  mission. 
Mr.  Robert  Black,  in  his  '  Horse  Racing  in 
England,'  states  that  Sir  John  Fenwick  had 
been  stud-master  both  to  Charles  I.  and 
Charles  II.,  but  I  venture  to  doubt  the 
accuracy  of  this  assertion.  If — according  to 
tradition — Charles  II.  did,  in  fact,  dispatch 
Sir  John  Fenwick  to  the  Levant  to  purchase 
horses  and  mares,  it  must  have  been  the  Sir 
John  Fenwick  who  was  born  c.  1645,  and 
beheaded  for  conspiracy  in  1697.  Now, 
although  there  is  an  extensive  account  of 
this  worthy  in  the  '  D.N.B.,'  no  mention 
occurs  of  his  having  held  office  as  "  master  of 
the  horse  "  or  "  stud-master."  Macaulay, 
however,  in  alluding  to  the  state  of  England 
in  1685,  writes  : — 

The  importance  of  improving  our  studs  by  an 
infusion  of  new  blood  was  strongly  felt  ;  and  with 
this  view  a  considerable  number  of  barbs  had 
lately  been  brought  into  the  country.  Two  men, 
whose  authority  on  such  subjects  was  held  in 
great  esteem,  the  Duke  of  Newcastle  and  Sir  John 
Fenwick,  pronounced  that  the  meanest  hack  ever 
imported  from  Tangier  would  produce  a  finer 


progeny  than  could  be  expected  from  the  best  sire 
of  our  native  breed. 

I  doubt  there  being  any  record  extant  of 
the  number  or  sex  of  the  Ajrabs  and  Barbs  im- 
ported in  the  reign  of  the  "  Merry  Monarch." 

WlLLOUGHBY   MAYCOCK. 

OXFORDSHIRE  MASONS  (12  S.  x.  89). — Sir 
R.  Bigland's  '  History  of  Gloucestershire,' 
under  Barrington  Parva,  gives  this  inscrip- 
tion on  a  gravestone  : — 

In  Memory  of  Joseph  Beauchamp 

and  Ursuly  his  wife 

They  were  buried  February  28th  1726 

He  aged  71  years  and  she  73  years. 

Taynton  (Oxon)  is  near  to  Little  Barring - 
ton,  and  Edward  Strong,  jun.,  married  one 
Mary  Beauchamp.  Can  anyone  say  if  this 
Mary  Beauchamp  was  a  daughter  or  sister 
of  the  above-mentioned  Joseph  Beauchamp , 
and  whether  Edward  and  Ephraim  Beacham 
(or  Beauchamp)  belonged  to  the  same 
family  ?  I  have  been  trying  to  trace  the 
origin  of  one  Jacob  Beacham  who  carried  on 
a  builder's  business  at  West  Molesey,  Surrey, 
during  the  earlier  part  of  the  nineteenth  cen- 
tury, but  without  success,  and  if  any  reader 
can  furnish  me  with  some  particulars  I 
should  much  appreciate  them. 

T.  C.  TOMBS. 

60,  Harrow  View,  Harrow. 

Two  NAVAL  PICTURES  BY  SERRES  (12  S. 
x.  93). — As  to  the  first  picture,  may  I  suggest 
that  the  harbour  in  question  is  not  Plymouth, 
but  Port  Royal,  Jamaica,  which  has  a  long 
spit  of  land  protecting  the  anchorage. 

Sir  George  Rodney  defeated  the  French 
fleet  on  April  12,  1782,  off  Dominica  and 
captured  the  Ville  de  Paris  (104),  Glorieux 
(74),  Cesar  (burnt),  Hectar  (74)  and  Ardent 
(64).  After  refitting  he  retired  with  his 
fleet  to  Jamaica,  where  he  was  on  July  10, 
when  he  was  superseded.  On  July  25  Rear- 
Admiral  Graves  sailed  from  Jamaica  for 
England  with  a  squadron  convoying  the 
French  prizes  and  100  sail  of  merchantmen. 
He  encountered  a  hurricane,  and  the 
Ramillies,  Centaur,  Ville  de  Paris,  Glorieux 
and  Hectar  foundered. 

The  second  picture  probably  represents 
one  of  the  preliminary  actions.  The  For- 
midable (98)  was  Rodney's  flagship  and  the 
Namur  (90)  was  also  in  the  battle. 

The    previous    Jan.    16,    1780,    off    Cape 

St.    Vincent,   Rodney   attacked    a   Spanish 

squadron  of  eleven  ships  of  the  line,  and  of 

nine  engaged  only  two  escaped  and  Gibraltar 

;was    relieved.      On    April     17,     1780,     off 


12  S.  X.  FEB.  18,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


139 


Martinique,    he    fought    actions    with    the 
French  fleet. 

Serres  early  in  life  was  master  of  a  vessel  j 
trading  to  Havana,  so  that  he  probably ! 
knew  Port  Royal. 

My  West  Indian  books  not  being  here, 
my  only  authorities  are  an  article  on  hurri- 
canes from  The  Nautical  Magazine  for  1848, 
Gust's  '  Naval  Prints  '  and  the  '  D.N.B.' 

V.  L.  OLIVER. 
Weymouth. 

These    seem    to    represent   the    "  Battle 
of   the    Saints  "    fought   between  Dominica  | 
and  -the     lies     des      Saintes,     April      12, 
1782,   and  the  subsequent  bringing  of  the 
prizes  to  Plymouth.      The  Formidable  was  ! 
Rodney's  flagship,  and  the  Ville  de  Paris  was  i 
Grasse's  flagship.     See  Mahan,  '  Influence  of  | 
Sea  Power,'  pp.  480-500  ;  Hannay,  '  Rodney,' 
pp.  179-213  ;  and  Hood's  '  Letters,'  pp.  101- 
21,  123-30  ;  Mundy,  '  Life  of  Rodney,'  ii.  222- 
50  ;  Annual  Register  for  1782,  252-7. 

JOHN  B.  WAINE WRIGHT. 

MRS.  HOLT  :  '  ISOULT  BARRY  OF  WYNS- 
COTE'  (12  S.  x.  93). — This  book  was  first 
published  in  1871,  and  again  in  1873  and 
1880,  and  probably  since,  as  it  is  a  fairly 
well-known  book  appearing  in  many  public 
library  catalogues  of  juvenile  books,  but  none 
of  Mrs.  Holt's  many  works  seem  to  be  now 
in  print.  I  should  think  the  nearest  public 
library  may  have  a  copy,  if  not,  I  shall  be 
glad  to  lend  it  to  your  correspondent  on 
application.  ARCHIBALD  SPARKE. 


on 

Jacques  Beniyne  Bossuet.      A  Study.     By  E.   K. 

Sanders.     (S.P.C.K.   15s.) 

BOSSUET  has  never  come  into  his  own  in  England. 
Pascal,  Corneille,  Fenelon,  are  familiar  enough 
figures  to  us,  but  the  Bishop  of  Meaux,  if  he  is 
more  than  a  name  to  most  Englishmen,  is  known 
as  a  panegyrist,  the  author  of  the  '  Oraisons 
Funebres,'  which  we  seldom  read,  but  are  quite 
prepared  to  take  on  trust.  This  is  a  strong 
statement,  but  a  glance  at  the  careful  biblio- 
graphy which  completes  the  present  work  will 
prove  it  to  be  well  founded.  Until  now,  in  fact, 
we  have  had  no  biography  of  Bossuet  in  English. 
Yet  to  Frenchmen  he  stands  as  one  of  the  greatest 
figures  of  the  literature  of  France  or  of  the 
world.  So  careful  a  critic  as  Brunetiere  places 
him  as  an  orator  above  Chrysostom  and  Augustine, 
and  Miss  Sanders  assures  us  that  "  Shakespeare 
alone  of  English  writers  holds  with  us  a  position 
akin  to  that  which  he  occupies  among  his  country- 
men." 

The  present  careful  study  should  remove  much 
<>f  t  he  reproach,  and  we  may  congratulate  ourselves 
that  a  task  which  presents  certain  special  diffi- 
cult it-s  should  have  been  taken  up  by  a  writer 


possessed  of  special  aptitudes  to  meet  them. 
Miss  Sanders's  competence  as  a  scholar  and  an 
authority  on  seventeenth-century  France  has 
been  fully  established  by  her  earlier  books  :  and 
these  have  displayed  also  a  detached,  yet  pene- 
trating and  sympathetic,  insight  into  the  ideals, 
the  temperament  and  the  experiences  of  success 
or  failure  to  be  observed  in  people  who  have 
dedicated  themselves  to  religion.  All  biography 
moves  between  an  account  of  its  subject  as  he 
appears  to  his  own  consciousness  and  an  account 
of  his  relations  with  the  external  world.  In  the 
former  lurks  implicitly,  with  or  without  bio- 
graphical consequence,  his  relation  (or  want  of 
relation,  if  the  expression  may  be  permitted  us) 
with  God.  This  may,  as  it  does  in  the  case  of 
Religious,  dominate  the  whole  biography,  forcing 
all  the  rest  into  a  second  place  :  and  may  also 
be  so  slight,  or  so  deeply  latent,  that  the  bio- 
grapher hardly  at  any  moment  seizes  it,  and 
virtually  omits  it  from  his  portrait.  The  diffi- 
culty in  drawing  the  portrait  of  a  great  ecclesiastic 
is  that  this  relation  can  neither  be  ignored  nor 
yet  suffered  to  occupy  the  whole  study.  An 
ecclesiastic  is  a  person  who  has  undertaken  to 
stand  out  as  a  representative  or  agent  of  the 
supernatural  in  the  midst  of  the  natural  life  of 
men.  He  may  bungle  over  this  business,  he 
may  come  to  despise  it,  despair  over  it,  detest  it, 
refuse  it,  forget  it.  None  the  less  that  under- 
taking remains  the  clou  to  his  life,  its  first 
differentiating  factor,  and  a  biography  which 
has  no  grasp  of  how  this  problem  appeared  to 
the  man  himself,  and  what  were  his  resources  for 
solving  it  or  his  reasons  for  virtually  giving  it  up, 
will  certainly,  as  so  many  ecclesiastical  biographies 
do,  lack  vitality.  It  is  not  enough  to  chronicle 
the  priest's  or  bishop's  external  actions  :  nor 
enough  to  draw  a  picture  of  his  personal  piety  or 
his  good  thoughts  and  aspirations,  however 
edifying  these  may  be.  Just  how  he  tackled — 
or  failed  to  tackle — his  unique  job  is  the  question 
wherein  lies  the  secret  of  making  the  portrait 
live — a  question  seldom  squarely  taken,  and 
often,  it  would  seem,  but  vaguely  present  to  the 
biographer's  mind.  The  signal  and  rare  merit 
of  the  study  before  us  is  its  direct  seizure  of  this 
central  problem  ;  and  the  reward  of  that  true 
centrality  is  seen  in  the  distinctness  with  which 
Bossuet,  in  these  pages,  lives.  Fundamentally, 
he  has  been  understood  :  and  the  world  he 
lived  in  understood  in  its  relation  to  him.  The 
sense  that  this  is  so  adds  the  pleasure  of  confi- 
dence to  the  reader's  enjoyment. 

Miss  Sanders  is  Well  served  by  a  firm  and 
delicate  English  style,  and  also  by  a  remarkable 
gift  for  translation.  Readers  who  know  the 
French  of  Bossuet's  letters,  and  especially  any 
who  have  made  attempts  at  putting  them  into 
English,  will  regard  her  rendering  of  the  extracts 
in  this  book  with  much  respect. 

Our  author  does  not  follow  her  hero  year  by 
year  throughout  his  long  and  laborious  life, 
but  gives  full-length  portraits  of  him  in  his  various 
aspects  and  in  the  various  stages  of  his  develop- 
ment. Thus  he  is  presented  to  us  as  a  brilliant 
student ;  as  Archdeacon  of  Metz  ;  as  preacher 
at  Paris  ;  as  Court  ecclesiastic  ;  as  tutor  to  the 
Dauphin ;  as  controversialist  ;  and  finally  as 
Bishop  of  Meaux.  In  each  case  his  reaction  to 
the  burning  questions  of  the  day  is  brought  out  by 


140 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [12  s.x.  FEB.  18,1022. 


means  of  remarkably  well-balanced  and  impartial 
discussion  of  these,  which  strikes  the  reader 
the  more  happily  from  its  being  obviously  com- 
posed by  selection  from  an  abundant  store  of 
knowledge.  The  chapters  on  the  Gallican  Con- 
troversy and  on  Quietism  especially  should  re- 
cieve  the  attention  of  students.  There  is  a 
specious  attractiveness  about  the  doctrine  of 
Disinterested  Love  which  masks  its  dangers  : 
just  as  on  the  other  hand  the  rancour  displayed 
by  Bossuet — to  which  our  author  bears  impartial 
witness — may  easily,  to  uninformed  eyes,  disguise 
his  true  character  as  the  champion  of  the  un- 
privileged. The  Gallican  controversy,  which  is 
perhaps  hardly  well  enough  understood  in 
England,  should  be  of  considerable  interest 
to  the  Church  historian. 

Another  question  which  deeply  engaged  the 
mind  of  Bossuet  was  that  of  the  reunion  of  the 
Church.  This  is  found  in  the  forefront  of  his  mind 
from  the  time  when,  as  Archdeacon  of  Metz,  he 
was  brought  into  contact  with  considerable 
numbers  of  Jews  and  Huguenots.  He  had  a 
hunger  for  saving  souls  which  never  deserted  him, 
whether  the  soul  was  that  of  a  peasant  or  of  a 
La  Valliere.  Hence  it  is  not  surprising  to  find 
that  much  of  his  life  was  spent  in  controversy 
with  Protestants.  But  it  may  surprise  us  to 
find  how  little  trace  of  the  odium  theologicum 
appears  in  his  methods.  Towards  Ferry  he 
showed  warm  sympathy  and  magnanimity  in 
an  age  when  religious  polemics  were  distinguished 
only  by  their  virulence.  But  though  a  courteous 
opponent  he  may  be  said  to  have  failed  to  seize 
the  Protestant  point  of  view.  Thus  Leibniz, 
with  whom  he  had  a  lengthy  and  friendly  corre- 
spondence, was  quite  prepared  to  admit  the  varia- 
tions of  doctrine  in  the  various  Protestant 
churches,  but  was  no  less  prepared  to  defend  the 
desirability  of  these  variations,  a  position  which 
was  quite  incomprehensible  to  Bossuet.  On 
the  other  hand,  the  massiveness  of  his  intellect 
and  his  honesty  made  him  despise  the  subtleties 
of  a  Bellarmin  and  the  Jesuits.  The  latter  did 
not  fail  to  accuse  him  of  watering  down  the  faith 
to  suit  Protestant  palates,  and  it  may  be  admitted 
that  some  of  his  writing  lends  colour  to  the 
accusation. 

The  question  of  controversial  methods  has 
as  a  corollary  the  general  question  of  religious 
tolerance  ;  this  is  dealt  with  m  a  most  impartial 
manner  by  Miss  Sanders.  It  may  be  said  at  once 
that  Bossuet  is  open  to  serious  criticism  in  this 
respect.  Though  a  kindly  and  charitable  anta- 
gonist, the  Bishop  had  a  strain  of  intolerance 
in  his  nature.  It  cannot  be  doubted  that  he 
approved  the  revocation  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes, 
and,  while  discouraging  violence  in  his  own  see 
of  Meaux,  he  displayed  no  disapproval  of  a  resort 
to  dragonnades  when  argument  had  failed.  But 
the  influence  of  political  considerations  must  not 
be  forgotten.  The  Huguenots  were  a  dangerously 
disruptive  factor  in  the  State.  Primarily,  no 
doubt,  Protestantism  was  a  sin  against  God  him- 
self ;  but  secondarily  it  was  also  a  crime 
against  the  monarch,  who  was  regarded  by  every 
true  Catholic  as  the  representative  of  God  on 
earth.  Politically  persecution  was  logical,  and, 
more  than  that,  might  plausibly  be  justified  as 
necessary. 

If  Bossuet's  religious  intolerance  may  thus  be 


not  inadequately  explained  away,  it  is  much  more 
difficult  to  condone  his  acceptance  of  Montausier's 
treatment  of  the  Dauphin.  The  governor,  a 
Huguenot  by  birth  and  training,  a  Catholic  by 
policy  rather  than  conviction,  seems  to  have  found 
an  outlet  for  the  sternness  of  his  discarded  reli- 
gion in  making  savage  assaults  upon  his  sullen 
pupil.  Once,  we  are  told,  the  unfortunate  lad 
missed  a  word  in  saying  the  Lord's  Prayer.  His 
governor  fell  upon  him  and  beat  him  brutally 
with  his  fists.  Frequently  he  was  crippled  by 
flogging.  The  cruelty  was  notorious  and  must 
have  been  well  known  to  Bossuet.  But  there 
is  no  record  of  intervention,  and  his  passivity 
must  be  reckoned  a  blot  upon  his  character. 

Of  the  "  human  "  side  of  the  Bishop  this  study 
has  less  to  say.  Frankly  we  could  have  wished 
for  more  ;  for  the  sketches  of  Ranee  and  others 
reveal  brilliant  powers  of  characterization. 
That  his  personal  character  was  beyond  reproach 
is  evident.  In  a  Court  where  profligacy  was  a 
pleasant  pastime,  a  director  of  fashionable  con- 
sciences must  have  been  singularly  exposed  to 
temptation.  But  M.  de  Condom  moved  unsullied 
in  this  moral  slough.  He  is  portrayed  to  us  as  a 
born  priest,  as  one  whose  vocation  was  never  in 
doubt,  less  other-worldly,  perhaps,  than  M  de 
Cambray,  not  himself  an  ascetic,  though  deeply  in 
sympathy  with  La.Trappe,  inclined  to  compromise 
but  if  necessary  prepared  to  pursue  his  course 
to  the  bitter  end.  It  is  clear,  too,  that  he  was 
not  without  some  love  of  pomp  and  dignity, 
though  there  is  no  proof  that  he  ever  lived  the 
luxurious  life  of  a  Court  bishop. 

The  production  of  the  book  leaves  nothing  to 
be  desired.  The  printing  and  paper  are  alike 
praiseworthy  and  there  are  two  excellent  portraits. 
The  bibliography  is  in  itself  a  valuable  piece  of 
work  and  bears  witness  to  the  extent  of  Miss 
Sanders's  reading  and  researches.  In  short,  the  . 
book  is  to  be  reckoned  a  thoroughly  successful 
achievement,  and  as  such  reflects  the  greatest 
credit  on  author  and  publisher  alike.  The  price 
is  modest,  and  it  is  to  be  hoped  the  work  will 
not  fail  to  find  a  wide  circle  of  friends. 


THE  Publisher  urgently  requires  a  copy  each  of 
the  indexes  for  vols.  vii.  and  x.,  llth  Series, 
NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 

Readers  having  copies  to  spare  are   asked   to 
communicate. 


CORRIGENDUM. 

At  ante,  p.   94,  col.   1,    line   14,  for    "  blunder- 
blus  "  read  blunderbu.*. 


to 

EDITORIAL  communications  should  be  addressed 
to  "  The  Editor  of  '  Notes  and  Queries  '  " — Adver- 
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141 


LONDON.  FEBRUARY  25,  1922. 


CONTENTS.— No.   202. 

NOTES  : — Commonwealth  Keglsters,  141 — Commonwealth 
Marriages  and  Burials  in  the  Aldeburgh  Register  Book 
142— Sir  Richard  Willys,  Traitor,  145 — John  Charles 
Williams,  a  Buckinghamshire  Parson.  146 — "Earthland" 
— Cumulative  Stories — Privileges  of  the  Dean  and  Canons  of 
Windsor— Portraits  of  Coleridge  and  Dickens,  148— 
"  Scooter,"  149. 

QUERIES :—"  Mayor "  as  a  Woman's  Title — Aucher: 
Depedene — Sir  Ralph  and  Sir  Edward  Bashe :  Anne  Scot 
(nte  Bashe),  149 — Latin  Proverb  :  Origin  sought — Thomas 
Lovall — Jellyman  Family :  Register  of  All  Saints'  Church, 
Oxford — Pilate's  Wife — Unidentified  Portrait  on  Wood 
Panel — Portraits  by  Vandyck — "  Once  aboard  the  lugger  " — 
Catherine,  Duchess  of  Gordon— Granger's  '  Biographical 
History,'  150— The  Cap  of  Maintenance — John  Filmer 
Emmett — Lazenki  Palace,  Warsaw :  Latin  Inscriptions — 
'  The  Tale  of  Two  Cities ' :  the  Drugging  of  Darnay — Chalk 
in  Kent  and  its  Owners :  Rye,  Cornhill.  Vilers,  St.  Clair, 
151 — Poem  wanted — Reference  wanted — Authors  wanted, 
152. 

REPLIES :— White  of  Selborne :  Portrait  wanted,  152— 
Colonel  Charles  Whitefoord.  153— Arab  (or  Eastern) 
Horses — Pallone,  an  Italian  Game — American  Humorists : 
Capt.  G.  H.  Derby,  154 — Prime  Minister— De  Kemplen's 
Automaton  Chess-player,  155 — The  Arms  of  Leeds — Land 
Measurement  Terms — The  "  Chevalier  Schaub  " — Kangaroo 
Cooke — Heraldic  Mottoes,  156 — '  La  Santa  Parantela ' — 
Derivation  of  Chinkwell — Samuel  Hartlib,  157 — Mrs.  Gordon, 
Novelist — General  Nicholson's  Birthplace — Ewen:  Coat  of 
Arms— Quotations  in  The  Tatter— Thomas  Edwards,  LL.D., 
158 — Mangles — Authors  wanted,  159. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS:— 'The  Grey  Friars  of  Chester'— 'A 
New  English  Dictionary  on  Historical  Principles,'  X — 
ZYXT— '  A  Manual  of  French.' 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


COMMONWEALTH  REGISTERS. 

MR.  ARTHUR  T.  WINN'S  contribution  in 
the  '  Commonwealth  Marriages  and  Burials 
in  the  Aldeburgh  Register  Book '  (ante, 
pp.  81,  104,  124)  suggests  a  wider  field  of 
historical  inquiry.  That  would  be  as  to 
how  far  Parish  Registers  in  Civil  War  and 
Commonwealth  times  contain  any  special 
reference  to  the  period,  or  show  signs  of 
being  affected  by  it.  I  am  induced  to  make 
this  suggestion  by  the  results  of  a  thorough 
search  I  made  close  upon  forty  years  ago 
of  the  registers  of  my  native  parish,  St. 
Mary  Magdalene,  Launceston. 

The  volume  covering  the  period  under 
examination  is  described  on  the  title  page 
as  'A  true  Register  of  all  Marriages 
Baptisms  and  Burialls  within  ye  parish  of 
Mary  Magdalen  in  Launceston,  from  ye 
yeere  of  our  Lord  god  1559  Truely  copyed 
out  accordinge  to  the  old  Register  this 
it  yeere  1601.  Written  by  John 


Harbert,  1601.'  This  applies  only  to  the 
entries  from  1559  to  1601  posted  up  from 
earlier  notes  ;  but  the  contents  of  the  volume 
cover  the  years  from  1559  to  1671.  Up  to 
May,  i610,  when  some  of  the  records  were 
lost,  each  child  was  stated  to  be 
"  christened "  ;  but  after  the  regular  re- 
sumption of  registration  in  1620,  though 
the  heading  of  each  page  continued  to  be 
"  Christenings "  the  word  used  in  all  the 
entries  was  "  baptised."  This  was  invariable 
until  1651-52,  in  the  entries  of  which  years 
there  were  instances  of  the  use  of  "  borne," 
though  these  were  evidently  written  in 
later.  But  after  July,  1653,  the  heading  was 
"  Birthes,"  and  "  borne  "  was  used  in  each 
entry  except  three,  two  in  a  later  hand, 
this  practice  continuing  until  March,  1657, 
when  the  heading  became  "  Birthes  and 
Baptismes,"  the  date  of  christening  as  well 
as  of  birth  being  affixed  in  many  cases 
after  August  of  that  year.  The  more  strictly 
Puritan  rule  was  thus  breaking  down  ;  and 
in  July,  1660,  and  only  a  few  weeks  after 
the  Restoration,  the  heading  was  changed 
once  more  to  the  single  word  "  Baptismes," 
and  so  remained  to  the  end  of  the  volume. 

It  is  concerning  the  marriages  of  the 
Commonwealth  period  that  the  St.  Maiy 
Magdalene  Register  affords  the  most  striking 
indications  of  ecclesiastical  dispute.  In 
August,  1653,  Parliament  adopted  an  Act 
for  solemnizing  marriages  by  justices  of 
the  peace ;  and  two  months  afterwards, 
according  to  the  Register, 
Thomas  Reese  being  before  this  tyme  duly  chosen 
to  bee  Parish  Register  within  this  borrough  in 
obedience  and  according  to  the  late  act  of  this 
present  Parliament  in  yt  behalf e  made  &  pro- 
vided was  this  present  day  [October  11]  approved 
allowed  of  and  also  sworne  before  mee  Richard 
Grills  gentn.  maior  of  this  Borrough  and  one  of 
ye  Justices  assigned. 

Yet  it  was  apparently  not  for  two  years 
after  that  statute  was  in  operation  that 
justices  of  the  peace  actually  solemnized 
marriages  at  Launceston.  The  wedding 
entries  from  1653  to  the  closing  days  of 
1655  appear  in  their  customary  form  ;  but, 
after  one  of  November  27,  1655,  and  in  a 
blank  space  at  the  bottom  of  a  page,  there 
is  written  in  a  bold  hand  "  Hereafter  follow 
marriages  by  Laymen,  according  to  ye 
prophanes  and  giddynes  of  ye  times, 
without  precedent  or  example  in  any 
Christian  Kingdom  or  Comonwealth  from 
the  Birth  of  Christ  unto  this  very  year 
1655." 

The    first    of    these    lay-made    marriages, 


142 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[12  S.  X.  FEB.  25,  1922. 


which  opens  literally  and  figuratively  a 
fresh  page,  was  celebrated  on  Dec.  20, 
1655,  when  there 

were  marled  by  Mr.  Joseph  Hull  minister  of  this 
towne  in  the  presents  of  Mr.  Thomas  Gewen  and 
John  Lampon  Esquire  and  Philippe  Pearse  gent, 
and  maior  of  this  towne  and  divers  other  wit- 
nesses Thomas  Mill  of  the  psh  of  St.  Gennis  and 
Joan  Biam  of  the  same  psh  having  their  bannes 
published  Three  severall  lords  dayes  in  the  said 
psh  as  aforesaid  by  a  Certificate  from  John  Goutsoe 
Register  of  the  said  psh.  The  said  parties  afore 
said  were  married  the  same  time  also  by  Thomas 
Gewen  Esqre  and  Justice  of  the  Peace  and 
pronounced  by  him  to  be  man  &  wife  according  to 
the  acte  of  pliment  nowe  in  force. 

The  entries  of  subsequent  marriages  under 
this  system  are  not  so  full,  but  in  each  case 
it  is  stated  that  the  banns  were  called 
"  without  contradiction."  In  January,  1656, 
"  Philipp  Pearse  gentleman  and  Maior  of 
this  towne  "  again  officiated,  it  being  noted 
that  the  banns  had  been  published  "  in  the 
Congregation,"  but  the  last  three  words 
were  subsequently  struck  out.  In  the 
March  the  banns  appear  to  have  been  called 
by  his  orders  "  on  three  severall  markett 
days,"  but  Sundays  were  named  in  every 
other  instance  during  the  remainder  of  this 
mayoralty,  in  the  course  of  which  fifteen 
marriages  were  celebrated.  In  October, 
John  Hicks  was  chosen  mayor ;  and  in  his 
year  of  office  he  celebrated  nine  marriages, 
the  banns  for  only  one  of  which  were  pro- 
claimed on  market  days,  and,  as  is  specially 
noted,  "in  the  Markett  Place  at  Launces- 
ton,"  the  others  being  on  Sundays,  and,  as 
frequently  mentioned,  "  in  the  Church  of 
lanceston."  In  the  next  mayoralty 
(October,  1657— October,  1658)  that  of 
Nicholas  Comins,  seven  weddings  were  cele- 
brated by  the  mayor,  for  one  of  which  the 
banns  were  "  published  in  the  markett 
Place  of  Lanceston  Three  severall  markett 
days  three  weekes  following  without  con- 
tradiction." 

Signs  that  the  purely  lay  marriage 
system  was  breaking  down  now  begin  to 
show  themselves  in  the  Register.  In 
January,  1658,  a  couple  were  married  by 
Comins  and  "  also  by  Mr.  William  Oliver 
Minister  of  this  Towne  "  ;  and  in  the  fol- 
lowing month  the  mayor  was  assisted  by 
"  Thomas  Seamor  Minister  of  Luffingcott 
in  Devon."  On  March  4,  Colonel  Robert 
Bennett,  a  local  landowner  who  had  repre- 
sented Launceston  in  more  than  one  Par- 
liament and  had  been  a  member  of  Crom- 
well's first  Council  of  State,  celebrated  a 
marriage  ;  but  twelve  days  later  a  wedding 


is  entered  as  having  been  performed  "by 
Mr.  Oliver,"  no  layman  being  mentioned, 
while  in  April,  when  the  bride  was  a 
"  daughter  of  Nicholas  Comins  of  this 
Towne  gentn.  deceased,"  no  celebrant  was 
named.  Richard  Grylls,  who  filled  the 
vacancy  caused  by  Comins' s  death,  and  now 
for  the  second  time  elected  mayor,  officiated 
at  only  one  marriage  ;  and  Henry  Bennett, 
who  for  the  second  time  became  mayor  in 
October,  1659,  is  not  mentioned  as  having 
celebrated  any.  It  may  not  be  without 
significance  that  it  was  in  the  year  of  his 
mayoralty  that  Bennett  himself  was  married  ; 
but  it  was  after  Charles  II.  and  the  Church  of 
England  had  both  come  into  their  old  place 
again  that  we  find  it  recorded  that  on 
Sep.  17,  1660,  there  were  wed  "  Henry 
Bennett,  gent,  mayor,  and  Johan,  daughter 
of  Mr.  JohnBewes."  It  is  interesting  to  note 
that  the  previous  June  29  had  been  kept 
in  Launceston  as  a  thanksgiving  day  for 
the  Restoration,  while  on  an  unnamed  day 
"  when  the  Kinge  was  proclaimed "  the 
Corporation,  of  which  Bennett  was  the 
head,  gave  away  "  2  hogsheads  of  beere 
and  syder "  and  "  six  seames  of  wood 
for  bunfires."  ALFRED  ROBBINS. 


COMMONWEALTH    MARRIAGES    A1SJD 

BURIALS   IN   THE    ALDEBURGH 

REGISTER    BOOK. 

(See  12  S.  x.  81,  104,  124.) 

ALDEBURGH  was  certainly  suffering  from 
some  epidemic  during  the  years  1653  and 
1654,  as  the  number  of  deaths  is  almost 
three  times  the  average  of  the  last  years  of 
Queen  Elizabeth's  reign,  and  the  population 
had  not  increased  during  the  seventeenth 
century — but  exact  figures  cannot  be  given 
owing  to  the  loss  of  the  second  Register. 
There  were  several  serious  outbreaks  of 
smallpox — and  perhaps  the  authorities 
were  responsible  to  some  extent,  for  we  find 
the  following  : — 

Friday  April  9th  1733  at  a  Stop  Meeting 
•we  whose  names  are  hereunto  set  do  agree  that 
Wm  Groom  &  bis  children  shall  be  Inoculated 
Imediately  and  that  the  Parish  Officers  Imploy 
the  Cheapest  Doctor  that  can  be  found. 

The  Elizabethan  Register  (1558-1600)  is 
a  transcript  of  the  original  paper  book, 
transcribed  on  parchment  according  to  the 
order  of  Oct.  25,  1597.  It  is  beautifully 
Written,  practically  in  one  hand,  and  in 
very  good  state  of  preservation.  It  has 
been  transcribed,  and  hopes  are  entertained 


12  s.x.  FEB.  25, 1922.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


143 


of  its  eventual  publication.  There  are  many 
interesting  entries,  and  some  curious  ones, 
amongst  them : — 

July  9,  1568.  John  Arnold  &  Agnes  Arnold 
were  marred  the  9th  of  July  the  said  Agnes 
beinge  his  wyfe  befor. 

John  had  probably  been  taken  prisoner 
on  the  sea  (as  many  other  Aldeburgh 
men),  came  home  to  find  his  wife  had 
consoled  herself  with  another  partner, 
and  considered  re -marriage  (and  not  jacti- 
tation) the  easiest  way  of  solving  the  diffi- 
culty. 

Thomas  Pinocke  (childe)  &  Phillis  his  wife 
was  buried  and  not  Buried  the  twentithe  daie  of 
October  1583. 

John  Clarcke  the  sonne  of  Robert  Clarcke 
and  Alice  his  wife  was  baptized  and  not  Baptized 
the  Fourtentbe  Daie  of  Apprill  1598. 

Does  the  former  entry  imply  that  the 
child  was  unbaptized  and  buried  in  the 
"  north  "  end  of  the  churchyard,  and  the 
latter  entry  that  the  child  was  baptized 
privately  at  home,  and  not  again  publicly  ? 

Amongst  the  many  curious  Christian 
names  in  the  Elizabethan  Register  the 
following  appear :  Athanasius,  Manasses, 
Archilaus  (several  times),  Cassander,  Ry- 
neske,  Finatt  and  Bene. 
BURIALLS  FROM  THE  29m  OF  SEPTBER  1653. 

Margaret  Grimer  widdow  buryed  the  30th  day 
of  Septber  1653. 

Joan  Jessup  widdow  buryed  the  1st  day  of 
October  1653. 

Mary  Martin  widdow  buryed  the  same  day. 

Anne  the  wife  of  Robert  Woollafer  buryed  the 
2d  day  of  October  1653. 

Dinah  the  wife  of  Richard  Dugdell  buryed  the 
3d  day  of  October  1653. 

Thomas  Bardwell  buryed  the  same  day. 

Margaret  the  wife  of  Nicolas  Goodwin  buryed 
the  4th  day  of  October  1653. 

John  Bert  a  child  Son  of  Mary  Bert  widdow 
buryed  the  6th  of  oct  :  1653. 

Thomas  Tarvar  buryed  the  same  day. 

Robert  Browne  buryed  the  7th  day  of  October 
1653. 

Anne  Reeder  a  child,  the  daughter  of  John 
Reeder  buryed  the  12th  day  of  Oct  :  1653. 

Rose  the  wife  of  John  Browne  buryed  the  14th 
of  October  1653. 

Ellen  Wackerson  widdow  buryed  the  same 
day. 

Joan  Simpson  a  rnayd,  buryed  the  17th  day  of 
Octber  1653. 

Anne  the  wife  of  Matthew  Smith  buryed  the 
18th  of  octber  1653. 

•    Joan  Cobb  widow  buryed  the  24th  day  of  October 
1653. 

Anne  Woollafer  a  child  daughter  of  Robert 
Woollafer  buvyrd  (he  28th  of  Oct.  1653. 

Martin  Tarvar  a  Ladd,  buryed  the  29th  day  of 
October  1653. 

Thomas  Lease  a  Lad,  the  Son  of  William  Lease 
buryed  the  30th  day  of  oct  :  1653. 


Mary  Robinson  a  Mayd  buryed  the  3rd  day  of 
Novber  1653. 

Frances  the  wife  of  James  Bawkey  buryed  the 
same  day. 

Gregory  Pulhain  buryed  the  5th  day  of  November 
1653. 

Robert  the  son  of  William  Covell  buryed  the 
same  day. 

Robert  Harper  buryed  the  6th  day  of  November 
1653. 

Anne  Hunt  widdow  buryed  the  9th  day  of 
November  1653. 

William  the  infant  of  John  Goodman  Junior 
buryed  the  same  day. 

Mary  Simly  widdow  buryed  the  same  day. 

Richard  Dugdell  buryed  November  the  10th 
1653. 

Elizabeth  Breeze  widdow  buryed  the  12th  of 
Novber  1653. 

Anne  -the  daughter  of  William  Harvey,  buryed 
Novber  13th  1653. 

Margaret  Fisher  widdow  buryed  Novber  14th  1653. 

An  infant  (nameless)  the  son  of  John  Mordock 
buryed  Novber  16th  1653. 

Margaret  the  wife  of  Edmund  Eade  buryed 
Novber  17th  1653. 

John  Harman,  servant  to  Mr  Aiex  :  Blowers 
buryed  Novber  18th  1653. 

Edmund  Firrman  a  young  man  buryed 
November  the  22d  1653. 

William  Tompson  gentleman  buryed  Novber 
23d  1653. 

Henry  Cheney  a  youth  son  to  Capt  :  Thomas 
Cheney  buryed  the  same  day. 

Joan  the  wife  of  Robert  Munson  buryed  the 
25th  of  November  1653. 

Alice  Meares  widdow,  buryed  the  same  day. 

Anne  Cooper  widdow,  buryed  the  27th  of 
November  1653. 

Emme  Easter  widdow,  buryed  the  same  day. 

Anne  the  wife  of  John  Brightwell  buryed  the 
28th  day  of  November  1653. 

Philip  Capon  a  child,  the  son  of  Philip  Capon 
buryed  the  same  day. 

Frances  Hart  a  mayd  buryed  November  the 
29th  1653. 

Frances  Salturne  the  daughter  of  John  Salturne 
buryed  Novber  30th  1653. 

Margery  the  wife  of  Robert  Todd  buryed 
Decberthe  1st  1653. 

Susan  Peterson  widdow,  buryed  Decber  the  3d 
1653. 

Alice  Heckfer  a  mayd,  buryed  the  same  day. 

Robert  Bundish  buryed  December  the  4th 
1653. 

Mary  Brightwell  a  mayd,  buryed  the  same 
day. 

Richard  son  of  Anne  Chapman  widdow,  buryed 
the  same  day. 

Anne  Hurrin  widdow,  buryed  December  the 
5th  1653. 

William  Youngs  buryed  December  the  8th 
1653. 

Rose,  an  infant,  daughter  of  Nicolas  Pasmer 
buryed  December  the  13th  1653. 

John,  an  infant,  son  of  Nicolas  Bottrick  buryed 
December  the  15th  1653. 

John  Ryatt  buryed  the  17th  day  of  December 
1653. 

Mary  the  wife  of  Capt :  Thomas  Cheney 
buryed  the  21st  day  of  December  1653. 


144 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[12S.  X.  FEB.  25,  1922. 


John  the  son  of  John  Barker  buryed  December 
the  26th  1653. 

Robert    Baxter    buryed   December    the    27tb 
1653. 

John  the  son  of  John  Cooke  buryed  December 
the  28th  1653. 

Anne  Peirson  widdow  buryed    December    the 
31st  1653. 

Elizabeth  the  wife  of  Alexander  Styles  buryed 
the  same  day. 

Anne  the  wife  of    William    Peachee    buryed 
January  the  2d  1653. 

Margery  Ollaf er  widdow,  buryed  the  same  day. 

Susan  the   daughter   of  William  Lease  buryed 
January  the  4th  1653. 

Mary  Robinson  Widdow  buryed  January   the 
5th  1653. 

Henry  Steele  buryed  January  the  6th  1653. 

Elizabeth,  an  infant  daughter  of  Alex  :  Styles 
buryed  January  the  7th  1653. 

Thomas  Holdin,  a  singleman,  buryed  January 
the  lOtb  1653. 

Thomas  the  son  of  Thomas  Bucke,  buryed 
January  the  16th  1653. 

William,  a  child,  son  of  Francis  Neave,  buryed 
January  the  17th  1653. 

Alice,  a  cmld,  daughter  of  Henry  Balls,  buryed 
the  same  day. 

Margery  Granger  widdow,  buryed  January  the 
30th  1653. 

BTJRIALLS  1653.  1654. 

Mary  a  child  daughter  of  John  Martin  was 
buryed  February  the  3d  1653. 

Francis,  a  child,  son  of  John  Martin,  buryed  the 
5th  day  of  February  1653. 

Priscilla  the  wife  of  John  Knights  buryed 
Febr  :  the  16th  1653. 

Mary  the  wife  of  Thomas  Burwood,  buryed 
Febr:  18th  1653. 

Thomas,  a  child,  son  of  Philip  Capon,  buryed 
Febr  :  20th  1653. 

Thomas,  an  infant  son  of  Thomas  Read,  buryed 
March  the  10th  1653. 

Sara  the  wife  of  Richard  Cocket,  buryed  the 
llth  day  of  March  1653. 

Emme,  a  child,  daughter  of  Thomas  Beales 
buryed  the  12th  day  of  March  1653. 

Emme  the  wife  of  Joseph  Trundle,  buryed  the 
17th  day  of  March  1653. 

Robert,  an  infant  son  of  Samuel  Fowlar,  buryed 
the  1 8th  day  of  March  1653.  . 

Anne  Burwood  a  mayd,  buryed  the  20th  day  of 
March  1653. 

(84) 

ANNO  1654. 

Elizabeth  the  wife  of  Nicolas  Landamer 
buryed  March  the  27th. 

Rose  Atkerson  a  mayd  buryed  March  the  29th. 

Sarah  a  child  the  daughter  of  Thomas  Fowler 
was  buryed  April  the  second. 

Ailce  an  infant  daughter  of  Robert  Foreman 
was  buryed  April  the  5th. 

Mary  infant  daughter  of  Francis  Woodrow 
buryed  April  the  19th. 

Thomas  a  child  the  son  of  Francis  Neve  buryed 
April  the  24th. 

Mary  the  wife  of  Richard  Wall  was  buryed 
April  the  27th. 

Richard  a  child  son  of  Tho  :  Holding,  buryed 
April  the  29th. 


Mary  infant  daughter  of  George  Moore  was 
buryed  May  the  3d. 

John  Hefker  a  youth  servant  to  Will  :  Daniel 
was  buryed  May  the  6th. 

John  Reeder  was  buryed  May  the  7th. 

Base-borne  Samuel  the  son  of  Anne  Knights 
singlewoman  buryed  May  the  1 3th. 

Mary  Russell  singlewoman  was  buryed  May 
the  15th. 

Richard  an  infant  son  of  Richard  Youngs  was 
buryed  May  the  1 8th. 

John  Fisk  a  marreyd  ma.n,  buryed  May  the  1 9tb. 

Joan  an  infant  daughter  of  Patrick  Manlin,  was 
buryed  May  the  29th. 

Robert  a  child  son  of  Ranee  Knights  was 
buryed  June  the  3d. 

Elizabeth  an  infant  daughter  of  John  Hester 
was  buryed  June  the  4th. 

Simon  an  infant  son  of  Simon  Peacock  was 
buryed  June  the  16th. 

William  Simpson  a  widdower  was  buryed  June 
the  20th. 

Elizabeth  the  wife  of  Robert  Dymer  was 
buryed  June  the  23d. 

Nicolas  a  child  son  of  Nicolas  Palmer  buryed 
June  the  30th. 

James  Ladly  a  stranger  &  marryner  buryed 
July  the  1st. 

John  a*  child  son  of  Henry  Gurling  buryed 
July  the  4th. 

Hester  Youngs  widdow  was  buryed  July  the 
17th. 

1654. 

Richard  a  child  son  of  Robert  Robson  was 
buryed  July  the  27th. 

Mary  a  child  daughter  of  Frances  Scutton  was 
buryed  July  the  29th. 

John  an  infant  son  of  John  Duxe  was  buryed 
August  the  1st. 

Sarah  a  girle  daughter  of  John  Robberson 
buryed  August  the  3d. 

Susan  an  infant  daughter  of  Tho  :  Thonger 
buryed  August  the  15th. 

Thomas  a  youth  son  of  Capt :  Tho  :  Elliott 
buryed  September  the  1 3th. 

Mary  a  child  daughter  of  William  Taylor  was 
buryed  September  the  1 9th. 

Peter  a  stranger  an  old  man  buryed  October 
the  8th. 

Daniel  an  infant  son  of  Tho  :  Beale  buryed 
October  the  9th. 

John  West  a  marryed  man  buryed  October  the 
16th. 

Mary  an  infant  daughter  of  Mrs  Tompson 
widdow  was  buryed  November  1st. 

Benjamin  Wheeler  a  marryed  man  buryed 
November  the  2d. 

Alexander  a  child  the  son  of  William  Milburn 
buryed  November  the  9th.  • 

Elizabeth  an  infant  daughter  of  Blowers  Hunt 
buryed  the  same  day. 

Ranee  the  infant  son  of  William  Cooper  was 
buryed  November  the  1 3th. 

John  an  infant  son  of  John  Telford  buryed 
November  the  19th. 

Ailce  a  child  daughter  of  Gilbert  Manlin 
buryed  November  the  26th. 

Mr  Arthur  Blowers  one  of  our  Capitall  Bur- 
gesses was  buryed  Decber  4th. 

John  Parker  a  marryed  man  was  buryed  the 
same  day. 


12  S.  X.  FEB.  25,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


145 


Frances  an  infant  daughter  of  Rich  :  Reynolds 
buryed  the  same  day. 

Elizabeth    the  wife   of    John   Jessup    buryed 
Dec  ember  the  16th. 

Emme    the  wife    of   John  Skea  was  buryed 
December  the  19th. 

John    an    infant  son  of  John  Jessup  buryed  \ 
December  the  25th. 

Anne  an  infant  daughter  of  John  Langham 
buryed  December  26th. 

Margery  an   infant  daughter  of  John  Jessup  , 
buryed  December  the  30th. 

Joan  the  wife  of  Thomas  Buck  was  buryed  j 
January  the  15th. 

Mary  the   wife  of    Edmund   Telford  buryed  ! 
January  the  26th. 

John  the  son  of  Tho  :  Hewlett  was  buryed  the  i 
«ame  day. 

John  the  infant  son  of  Roger  Peck  was  buryed  | 
January  the  25. 

Ailce  a  child  daughter  of  Edward  Cockett  was  | 
fcuryedjFebruary  the  23d. 
(55) 

ARTHUR  T.  WINN. 


SIR  RICHARD  WILLYS,  TRAITOR. 

(See  ante,  pp.  101,  123.) 

IN  "addition  to  the  '  Narrative '  printed  by 
the  Rev.  Dr.  John  Willcock,  and  the  long 
letter  by  Sir  Samuel  Morland  to  Secretary 
Nicholas,  dated  Nov.  14,  1660,  and  printed 
in  the  fourth  volume  of  the  '  Nicholas 
Papers,'  by  Sir  G.  F.  Warner,  there  is 
another  account  by  Morland  in  the  British 
Museum  which  should  also  be  taken  into 
account  (Add.  MSS.,  28094,  ff.  9  and  10). 
This  completes  the  tale,  with  a  few  additional 
particulars. 

I  should  point  out  that  Major  Thomas 
Henshaw,  who  carried  Morland's  letter  to 
Charles  II.,  is  confused,  in  the  '  D.N.B.,' 
with  his  cousin,  Thomas  Henshaw  of  Ken- 
sington (see  Historical  MSS.  Commission's 
"Sixth  Report,  Appendix,  p.  367b). 

The  following  narrative  has  no  date,  but 
states  that  it  was  written  seventeen  years 
later  on. 

The  King  appears  to  have  revised  his  | 
opinion  of  the  value  of  Morland's  services, ' 
when  he  found  out  that  Morland  was 
Thurloe's  intemediary  in  dealing  with  the 
twelve  traitors  who  had  divulged  the  plans 
of  the  Royalists,  and  Clarendon  obtained 
the  return  of  the  letter  in  which  His  Majesty 
had  rashly  promised  Morland  the  Garter. 

A  brief  narrative  of  ye  services  done  to  ye  Crown  by 
Sr.  S.  Morland. 

Immediately  upon  Thurloe's  trepanning  Dr. 
Hewet  to  ye  death,  S.  Morland  resolved  to  do 
ye  King  what  service  he  could,  detesting  ye 


cruelties  acted  by  Cromwell,  and  did  so  above  a 
year  and  a  half  before  he  durst  discover  himself. 

At  last  hee  did  discover  himself  and  sent  ye 
King  a  letter  by  Major  Henshaw,  discovering  Sr 
Rich.  Willis  and  about  12  gentlemen  more  who 
were  in  salary  with  Cromwell  for  betraying  ye 
King,  some  residing  in  England  and  others  at 
Bruxels.  Besides  that  hee  kept  weekly  corre- 
spondence with  the  King  and  for  above  a  year 
together  never  went  to  bed  without  a  just  fear 
of  being  taken  out  before  ye  morning  and  having 
his  flesh  pulled  from  his  bones  with  hot  pincers. 

When  Richard  Cr.  was  turned  out,  it  was  hee 
alone  who  made  such  jealousy  between  Lambert 
and  Scott  that  Scott  was  getting  an  order  to  send 
Lambert  to  ye  Tower,  and  Lambert  having 
timely  notice  of  it  by  my  Ld  Marsham  (who  then 
held  correspondence  with  Morland)  gott  on  horse- 
back and  turned  out  ye  Rump  ;  [i.e.,  in  October, 
1659]  which,  under  God,  was  the  first  true  means 
of  bringing  in  ye  King,  and  without  which  hee 
might  probably  have  been  kept  out  till  this  day. 

When  Lambert  went  down  to  ye  North  in 
triumph  with  that  famous  body  of  horse  (with  an 
intention  to  have  destroyed  Munk)  it  was  M. 
alone  who  raysed  such  jealousies  between  Lambert 
and  ye  councel  of  officers  at  Wallingford  House, 
that  hee  was  ordered  not  to  march  one  day,  but 
by  new  orders  sent  by  an  express  from  Walling- 
ford House,  which  broke  his  army  and  dispersed 
them. 

In  ye  business  of  Sir  George  Booth,  Sir  Rich. 
Willis  had  hired  a  house  in  Kent  on  purpose  to 
have  given  up  ye  person  of  ye  King  to  Sir  H. 
Vane  and  Mr  Scott,  where  the  King  had  been 
immediately  murthered.  And  the  King  and 
Duke  was  ready  to  come  over,  when  Morland 
gave  him  timely  notice  of  it,  and  so  prevented 
ye  murther  both  of  King  and  Duke. 

After  all  was  done  and  over,  instead  of  psr- 
forming  any  of  those  great  promises,  hee  has 
now  for  17  years  gone  up  and  down  as  a  man  of 
another  world  and  no  solid  provision  made  for 
his  family,  and  exposed  to  scorn  and  byword 
of  Sir  Richard  Willis  and  others,  who  say  ye  king 
does  not  trust  him.  And  what  hee  now  beggs 
for  is  about  £500  p.an.  in  some  certain  estate 
in  long  leases  of  99  years  as  may  amount  to  that 
value  that  so  when  hee  dyes  (not  knowing  how 
soon  it  may  bee)  his  family  may  not  bee  exposed 
to  want  and  beggery. 

(Indorsed)  Sir  Samuel  Morlands  papers. 

Copy  of  the  Kings  lettr  to  Mr  Morland  sent  him 
from  Brussels  by  Majr  Henshaw.  Dated 
7  July,  1659. 

I  have  received  yours  of  ye  15th  of  ye  last 
and  ye  rest  J.  H.  sent  mee  from  you,  and  I  de- 
spatched ye  person  sent  by  him  ye  next  day,  in 
ye  manner  you  advised  and  fully  to  his  satisfac- 
tion. So  that  I  hope  God  Almighty  will  despose 
that  affayr  to  Our  wish  and  that  ye  Fleet  will 
not  bee  gone  out  of  ye  Sound  before  my  letter 
bee  delivered,  wherein  I  have  offered  all  that 
may  move.  If  the  misfortune  should  be  such 
that  he  should  be  come  away  you  will  find  some 
way  to  assure  him  of  all  that  he  can  wish  from  me. 
But  if  he  go  once  on  shore  I  cannot  imagine  he 
ever  will  be  restored  to  ye  same  power  again. 
For  your  self  your  merit  is,  and  will  bee  so  great 


146 


NOTES   AND  QUERIES..        [i-2  a  x.  FEB.  25, 1022, 


towards  mee,  that  you  may  be  sure  that  it  shall 
be  only  want  of  power  if  I  do  not  gratify  you  to 
your  heart's  desire.  And  I  will  not  only  give 
you  your  Garter  but  somewhat  else  likewise  that 
will  make  you  wear  it  with  more  delight.  I  do 
rely  upon  your  dexterity  and  credit  to  improve 
my  interest  in  all  places,  and  what  shall  be 
undertaken  by  you  or  your  friends  in  my  behalf, 
with  those  who  can  eminently  merit  from  mee  I 
will  performe.  Let  mee  understand  how  any 
treaty  advances  between  those  in  present  power 
and  Spayn  or  France  or  any  other  neighbours. 
And  I  know  you  will  do  what  you  can  to  obstruct 
all  things  of  that  kind  and  do  me  and  my  friends 
all  the  good  offices  you  can.  And  in  all  things 
you  may  depend  upon  mee  as 

Your  very  affectionate  friend 

CHARLES  R. 

Copie  of  another  from  Bruxels.    Dated  10  Aug. 
1659. 

I  have  yours  by  H.  and  cannot  but  bee  abun- 
dantly satisf  yed  with  the  great  services  you  have 
done  me,  how  melancholy  soever  the  knowledge 
of  one  truth  hath  made  mee,  and  if  your  dexterity 
do  not  prevent  it,  there  is  mo  mischief  may  not 
befall  me  and  my  friends.  I  would  finish  my 
intentions  towards  yourself  but  there  is  some- 
what of  form  that  cannot  consist  with  ye  secrecy 
that  is  necessary  for  you,  and  which  I  have 
observed  inviolably  and  you  may  be  most  con- 
fidant I  will  perform  and  punctually  more  then 
I  have  promised  so  soon  as  you  can  own  ye 
receiving  of  it.  I  must  again  conjure  you  to  be 
careful  of  my  friends  and  believe  me  to  bee  very 
heartily 

Your  affectionate  friend 

CHARLES  R. 
J.  G.  M. 


JOHN   CHARLES    WILLIAMS: 

A   BUCKINGHAMSHIRE  PARSON  AND 

SOME    OF   HIS    DESCENDANTS. 

(See  ante,  p.  121.) 

WE  may  now  see  how   some    of    the    de- 
scendants of  our  parson  fared. 

His  eldest — very  pretty — daughter,  Char- 
lotte Spencer  Williams  (1813-1889),  married 
(through  the  influence  of  her  aunt  and  my 
grandmother,  Charlotte  Susannah  Bull, 
nee  Swales,  of  25,  Ely  Place,  Holborn) 
Charles  Meeking  of  Richings  Park,  Coin- 
brook,  near  Slough,  whose  great-grand- 
daughter, Finola  Meeking,  has  recently 
married  Lord  Somers.  Like  the  Swales, 
Meeking  came  of  Suffolk  stock.  When  I 
used  to  stay  at  Richings  as  a  boy,  I  was  fond 
of  browsing  over  the  library,  and  among 
the  records  there  is  a  detailed  family  paper 
showing  that  the  origin  of  the  name  was 
De  Meschines,  —  a  well-known  Norman 
family.  R.  H.  Barham  (1788-1845  ;  '  D.N.B.') 


mentions   its   founder   in  the    '  Lay    of    St- 
Cuthbert '  in  the  '  Ingoldsby  Legends  ' : — 
In  short  the  whole  country  declared  through  his 

bounty 

The  Abbey  of  Bolton  exhibited  fresh  scenes 
From    any    displayed     since    Sir     William    De- 

Meschines 

And  Cecily  Roumeli  came  to  this  nation 
With  William  the  Norman,  and  laid  its  founda- 
tion. 

There  is  a  detailed  legend  in  the  family 
that  Disraeli,  as  a  youth,  at  Bradenham,. 
proposed  to  Charlotte  and.  was  refused.. 
It  is  clear  that  he  remained  a  faithful  friend 
to  the  end  of  his  life. 

Williams' s  eldest  son  was  articled  to  my 
grandfather  and  became  a  solicitor ;  his- 
eldest  grandson,  John  Charles  Williams,. 
No.  3  of  the  I.C.S.,  was  a  Deputy  Com- 
missioner of  Barabanki  in  Oudh  in  1873,. 
and  Assistant  Magistrate  and  Collector  of 
Sharanpur  in  the  North -West  Provinces  in 
1875. 

The  second  son,  William  White  Williams; 
(1815-1863),  became  a  doctor,  and  accom- 
panied Rajah  Brook  (1803-1868  :  'D.N.B.') 
of  Sarawak  to  Borneo  as  surgeon  to  the 
expedition.  He  was  a  great  authority  on 
Shakespeare  and  wrote  many  articles  for 
The  Athenceum.  The  eldest  son  of  W.  W_ 
Williams  was  named  Robert  (1842-1886). 
He  was  B.A.,  Fellow  of  Merton  1864,  and 
lecturer- student  of  Christ  Church,  and 
translated  the  'Nicomachean  Ethics'  of 
Aristotle.  Barrister,  novelist,  journalist  r 
and  playwright,  he  became  a  brilliant 
leader-writer  on  The  Times,  Daily  Tele- 
graph, Standard  and  Observer.  He  suc- 
ceeded Mr.  Justice  Wright  (1839-1904  ; 
'  D.N.B.')  as  coach  for  "  Greats,"  and  amongst 
his  pupils  were  the  present  Lords  Rosebery 
and  Lansdowne.  He  was  probably  the- 
most  successful  "  Greats  "  tutor  ever  known 
at  Oxford.  My  friend  Sir  Courtenay 
Ilbert,  the  late  Clerk  of  the  House  of 
Commons,  who  was  a  contemporary  of  his, 
was  telling  me  only  the  other  day  several 
stories  illustrating  the  brilliant  scholarship 
of  "  Student  Williams."  He  was  also  in- 
terested in  the  lighter  side  of  life,  and  on  the 
staff  of  The  Sporting  Times  wrote  under  the 
name  of  "  Bobos." 

One  of  Robert  Williams's  grandchildren  is 
Pamela  Bianco,  the  wonderful  child  artist 
whose  pictures  have  recently  attracted  so 
much  attention. 

His  sister  Frances  married  the  Baron  de 
Parravicini,  another  classical  scholar,  who- 
died  on  June  29,  1920,  in  his  77th  year. 


12  S.  X.  FEB.  25,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


147 


also  showed  literary  talent  and  wrote  a 
history  of  Balliol  College. 

Owen  Williams,  second  son  of  W.  W.  W., 
^became  Colonel  of  the  Suffolk  Regiment  after 
serving  with  distinction  in  the  Afghan  War, 
1879-1880  (medal),  and  with  the  Hazara 
Expedition  in  1888  (medal,  clasp  and  men- 
tioned in  dispatches).  He  married  Eva 
Marian  Waddington  of  Cavenham  Park, 
Bury  St.  Edmunds,  Suffolk,  in  1887. 

A  third  son  of  W.  W.  W.  was  the  Rev. 
Oerard  Williams,  sometime  vicar  of  Lulworth. 

His  elder  son,  Gerard,  a  mining  engineer, 
married  Doris  Swire  Sowler,  the  daughter  of 
the  late  Tom  Sowler,  M.P.  for  N.W.  Man- 
chester, and  granddaughter  of  the  late  Sir 
Tom  Sowler,  editor  and  proprietor  of  The 
Manchester  Courier,  also  M.P.  for  N.W. 
Manchester.  Gerard  and  his  brother 
•Geoffrey,  an  architect,  fought  with  the 
iutmost  gallantry  all  through  the  late  war. 

To  get  back  to  John  Charles  Williams,  his 
second  daughter,  Kate  (1819-1916),  married 
Peter  Samuel  Fry.  Peter  Samuel  Fry  was 
articled  to  my  grandfather — he  afterwards 
became  a  partner  in  the  firm  of  Fry,  Loxley 
and  Fry — now  Elam  and  Gardner,  of  80, 
Cheapside  (Charles  Gardner  being  the  uncle 
of  Dr.  Francis  Tidcombe  of  Bognor,  whom 
my  sister  Alice  married).  The  senior  part- 
ner in  the  firm  at  that  time  was  Peter  Wickens 
Fry,  who  married  successively  twTo  daughters 
of  his  partner,  Thomas  Arnold  Loxley.  His 
brother  (Peter  Samuel's  father)  was  the  Rev. 
Thomas  Fry,  vicar  of  Eniberton,  both 
toeing  sons  of  Peter  Fry  of  Compton  House, 
Oxbridge,  County  Treasurer  of  Somerset, 
who  married  three  times.  His  first  wife  was 
a  Cresswell  of  Bibery,  Glos,  heiress  of  the 
Woottons  of  Ashburton,  Devon,  who  died 
childless.  His  second  was  Margaret  Hen- 
rietta Middleton,  orphan  protegee  of  the 
great  Wilberforce  (1759-1833;  '  D.N.B.'), 
married  from  his  house  in  Kensington  Gore 
— afterwards  Lady  Blessington's  (1799-1849  ; 
'D.N.B.').  His  third  wife  was  Mrs.  Mary 
Ann  Foster,  nee  Bagshawe,  of  The  Oaks, 
Derbyshire. 

Edward  Haycock  Williams  (1823-1853), 
J.  C.  Williams' s  fourth  son,  was  a  midshipman 
on  H.M.S.  Medusa  and  was  captured  in  the 
Chinese  War  and  killed  in  India. 

Henry  Headly  Williams,  the  fifth  son 
<  1824-1888),  fought  at  Sobraon,  Ferozepur, 
and  at  the  storming  of  Lahore  (medal)  under 
Sir  Hugh  Gough  (1779-1869;  'D.N.B.'). 
He  helped  the  late  Lord  Carrington  (1794- 
1868)  to  found  the  Bucks  Volunteers  and 


became  a  brilliant  rifle  shot.  He  was  cap- 
tain of  the  English  eight  and  the  English 
twenty,  and  once,  I  think,  came  in  second 
for  the  Queen's  Prize  at  Wimbledon  ;  re- 
tired as  a  Colonel  of  Volunteers  and  de- 
corated with  the  Order  of  Christ  by  the  King 
of  Portugal,  1878. 

His  only  child,  Marie  Constance,  married, 
first,  in  1895,  Gordon  Robert  Rogers  (d.  1902), 
son  of  the  Hon.  Alexander  Rogers,  senior 
member  of  the  Council  of  Bombay,  a  dis- 
tinguished Indian  Civil  Servant  anof  Oriental 
scholar,  who  translated  the  '  Shah-Namah  ' 
of  Firdusi  from  the  original  Persian  into 
English  couplets.  They  had  an  only  daugh- 
ter, Joan.  She  (M.C.)  married,  secondly,  in 
1919,  Alfred  W.  Winterbottom  of  Shiplake, 
Oxon. 

Thomas  Middleton  Williams,  the  seventh 
son  (1829-1866),  became  a  doctor  at  Work- 
sop,  Notts.  He  married  Emma  Maria  Major, 
the  daughter  of  the  late  Dr.  J.  R.  Major, 
D.D.,  principal  of  King's  College,  London. 
One  of  her  granddaughters,  Agnes  Ethel 
Wilding,  married  Major  Hector  Fitzroy 
Maclean  of  the  Scots  Guards,  the  son  and 
heir  of  Sir  Fitzroy  Maclean,  tenth  baronet, 
head  of  the  Clan  Maclean. 

J.  C.  Williams's  sixth  daughter  married 
the  Rev.  Leigh  Spencer,  vicar  of  Renhold, 
Bedfordshire. 

One  of  her  sons,  Oliph  Leigh  Spencer, 
raised  a  body  of  men  known  as  Spencer's 
Light  Horse,  who  did  good  work  in  the 
Louis  Riel  (1844-1885;  '  D.N.B.')  Rebellion 
in  Canada  in  1885.  His  daughter,  Maud 
Leigh  Spencer,  married  the  Rev.  Arthur  W. 
Mozley  in  1886.  He  was  related  to  Cardinal 
Newman  (1801-1890;  'D.N.B.')  and  to 
Professor  Thomas  Mozley  of  Oxford  (1806- 
1893;  'D.N.B.'). 

The  seventh  daughter  of  J.  C.  W.  married, 
in  1863,  Francis  Ellis,  who  was  agent  and 
land  steward  to  Viscount  Dillon  and  Sir 
Humphrey  de  Trafford  of.  Trafford  Park, 
Manchester. 

It  is  obvious  that  I  have  omitted  to  men- 
tion a  great  many  other  of  the  descendants 
of  the  curate-in-charge,  but  I  think  I  have 
shown  that  he  was  founder  of  a  family  who 
have  served  the  State  manfully  in  various 
ways  and  have  thus  done  credit  to  the  old 
vicarage  at  the  back  of  the  parish  church  of 
High  Wycombe. 

Here  is  his  epitaph  in  Highgate  cemetery 
— redolent  of  the  time  but  not,  I  think,  un- 
pleasing  : — 

Beneath  this  stone  are  deposited  the  mortal 
remains  of  the  Rev.  John  Charles  Williams, 


148 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [12  s.x.  FEB.  25, 1922. 


Rector  of  Sherington,  Bucks,  who  departed  this 
life  Nov.  30th,  1848,  in  the  60th  year  of  his  life. 


A  life  of  ceaseless  occupation  clouded,  but  could 
not  obscure,  those  high  and  rare  endowments  with 
which  he  was  abundantly  gifted.  He  was  esteemed 
rather  for  what  he  was,  than  for  what  he  did. 
Warm,  generous  and  sincere  in  hearty— in  mind 
and  manners  spotless  and  uncorrupt,  his  office  as 
a  Christian  priest  was  adorned  by  his  character  as 
a  man.  Of  a  loving  and  truthful  nature  he  ever 
was  the  regard  of  the  good ; — of  tried  and  unshaken 
principle  he  will  not  be  forgotten  by  the  wise. 
By  those  "who  enjoyed  his  friendship  and  knew  his 
worth,  his  memory  will  be  preserved  in  that  en- 
during regret  in  which  grief  disguises  itself  as  the 
fpnd  remembrance  of  the  excellence  it  laments. 

WILLIAM  BULL. 


"  EARTHLAND." — One  of  the  first  explana- 
tions given  to  the  young  student  of  English 
charters  and  rolls  is  that  he  must  assume 
that  terra,  or  its  English  equivalent  land, 
means  "  arable  land,"  other  cultivated 
land  being  described  as  pratum,  "  meadow," 
&c.,  while  pastura,  boscus,  &c.,  described 
the  occupation  of  the  other  enclosed  land. 

To  one  so  instructed  the  word  earthland  * 
is     therefore     a     surprise.     '  O.E.D.'     gives 
instances    of    826    (Charter    of   Ecgberht   in 
Cod.    Dipl.,    v.    84),    c.   1000    (we.    in   Wr.- 
Wiilcker,     279),     and     1885     (Archceological  \ 
Journal,    xlii.    271  :     this     relates     to     the  I 
Thames  estuary). 

I     contribute     a     quotation     that     does  j 
something  towards   completing  the  history  I 
of  the  word,  and  copy  rather  fully  since  (by  ; 
some  misunderstanding)   the  word  appears  | 
in  the  article  yardland  of  the  '  O.E.D.'     It  j 
is  obviously  impossible  for  an  editor  to  look  j 
up    the    context    of    every    quotation    that  | 
reaches    him.     If    what    follows    had    been 
before  him,  he  would  not  have  inserted  it 
as  an  instance  of  a  word  which,    I  am  in- 
formed, was  not  used  in  Scotland. 

On  19  June  1496,  the  King  confirmed  in 
mortmain  a  charter  of  Elizabeth  Massun,  relict 
of  the  late  John  Skrimgeoure,  called  "  Jak," 
burgess  of  Dundee,  dated  1  Mar.  1495 — by 
which  she  granted  to  the  chaplain  of  St.  Bartholo- 
mew the  apostle  at  the  altar  of  Corpus  Christi  in 
the  parish  church  of  St.  Mary  of  Dundee 

Unam  peciam  terre  in  dicto  burgo  infra  tenemen- 
tum  quondam  Nicholai  Skrimgeour  ex  parte  aus- 
trali  vici  fori,  extendendo  a  gabulo  aule  nuncupate 
le  Erie  Dauid  Huntlintoune  Haw  versus  boream 
usque  ad  terrain  anteriorem  dicti  tenement!, 
cum  occidentali  parte  clausure  seu  venelle  eidem 
pecie  terre  correspondent!,  et  aliam  peciam  terre 
prope  australem  partem  dicti  tenement!  inter 
le  yertland  ejusdem  et  terram  quondam  dicti 
Nicholai,  unacum  parte  dicte  venelle  eidem  pecie 


*  From   EARTH   sb.z  ["  The   action   of  plough- 
ing "]  +  LAND=Arable  land  ('  O.E.D.'). 


terre    correspondent!  ('  Begistrum    Magni    SigilH 
Begum  Scotorum  I.  (18—),  491,  492). 

Q.  V. 

CUMULATIVE  STORIES. — Many  cumulative' 
stories  have  appeared  in  '  N.  &  Q.»'  e.g., 
see  7  S.  viii.  321  ;  ix.  163,  461  ;  xi.  161, 
294—10  S.  ii.  502—12  S.  iv.  183.  Probably 
these  references  are  not  exhaustive.  There 
is  a  cumulative  story  in  Hubert  Pernot's 
'  Anthologie  populaire  de  la  Grece  Modernej' 
Paris,  Mercure  de  France,  1910,  p.  180. 

The  Greek  songs,  &c.,  are  given  only  in 
French  prose. 

The  story  begins,   "  Chante,  coq,  eveille 
le  vieux."     In  English  it  runs  : — • 
Crow,  cock,  wake  the  old  man,  who  waa  guarding 

the  garden  and  its  little  roses. 
There  came  a  fox,  that  ate  the  cock,  that  waked 

the  old  man,  &c. 

Then  follow  seven  more  stages  : — 
There  came  a  dog,  that  ate  the  fox,  that,  &e. 
There  fell  a  log,  that  killed  the  dog,  that,  &c. 
The  oven  was  lighted,  that  burnt  the  log,  that,  &cv 
There  came  a  river,  and  it  put  out  the  oven, 

that,  &c. 
There   came   an   ox,    that   drank   up   the   river,. 

that,  &c. 

There  came  a  wolf,  that  ate  the  ox,  that,  &c. 
There  came  a  gun,  that  killed  the  wolf,  that,  &c. 

The  story  is  taken  by  Pernot  from 
'  Recueil  de  chants  populaires  epirotes,' 
collected  by  Aravantinos,  Athens,  1880,. 
p.  139,  No.  200.  I  may  point  out  that 
there  is  an  interesting  chapter  on  cumulative 
stories  in  '  Popular  Tales  and  Fictions,  their 
Migrations  and  Transformations,'  by  W.  A.. 
Clouston,  1887,  vol.  i.,  pp.  289-313. 

ROBERT  PIERPOINT. 

PRIVILEGES  OF  THE  DEAN  AND  CANONS 
OF  WINDSOR. — Some  of  the  terms  expressing 
these  are  curious.  The  Dean  and  Chapter 
are  free  from  payment  of  Ward  penny,  Aver 
penny,  Tithing  penny,  and  Hundred  penny, 
and  are  discharged  from  Grithbrech,  Forstall,. 
Homesoken,  Blod-wite,  Ward-wite,  Heng-wite, 
Fight-wite,  Leyr-wite,  Lastage,  &c.  (quoted 
by  Pote  in  'Antiquities  of  Windsor'). 
Some  of  the  terms  in  the  latter  list  deserved 
a  footnote  in  Mr.  Pote's  work.  R.  B. 

PORTRAITS  OF  COLERIDGE  AND  DICKENS. 
— It  may  be  of  interest  to  note  that  in  the 
Boston  Museum  of  Fine  Arts  there  is  a 
portrait  of  Coleridge  by  Washington  Allston. 
The  '  D.N.B.'  mentions  Allston's  portrait 
of  Coleridge  in  the  National  Portrait 
Gallery,  but  the  writer  (Leslie  Stephen) 
doubts  the  existence  of  another  one.  Artist 
and  sitter  were  in  Rome  in  1806,  and  in 


12  S.  X.  FEB.  25,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


149 


London  in  1811  and  later  years.  The 
Boston  portrait  having  been  left  in  an 
unfinished  state,  it  may  perhaps  have  been 
painted  in  Rome,  because  Coleridge's  stay 
in  that  city  ended  somewhat  abruptly. 

In  the  same  Gallery  there  is  a  portrait  of 
Dickens  by  Francis  Alexander.  The  record 
of  this  picture  is  clear,  for  it  was  painted  in 
1842  at  the  Tremont  House  on  Dickens' s 
first  visit  to  Boston.  It  is  reproduced  in 
W.  Glyde  Wilkins's  '  Charles  Dickens  in 
America,'  but  with  a  loss  of  the  strong 
character  of  the  features. 

E.  BASIL  LUPTON. 

10,  Humboldt  Street,  Cambridge,  Mass.,  U.S.A. 

"  SCOOTER." — Everyone  now  knows  this 
toy,  which,  however,  is  not  mentioned  as 
such  in  the  '  N.E.D.'  or  in  the  *  Concise 
Oxford  Dictionary.'  This  latter  authority 
has  : — 

Scoot,  v.i.  (slang).  Bun,  dart,  make  off  [var.  of 
shoot]. 

Possibly,  however,  the  noun  may  be  con- 
nected with  scout,  not  shoot.  Prior,  in 
'An  Epistle  to  Fleetwood  Shepherd,  Esq.,' 
wrote  : — 

For  as  young  children,  who  are  tried  in 
Go-carts,  to  keep  their  steps  from  sliding, 
When  members  knit,  and  legs  go  stronger, 
Make  use  of  such  machine  no  longer  ; 
But  leap  pro  libitu,  and  scout 
On  horse  called  hobby,  or  without ;   &c. 
I  am  not  a  philologist  so  write  with  diffidence. 
JOHN  B.  WAINEWBIGHT. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries 
in  order  that  answers  may  be  sent  to  them  direct. 


"  MAYOB  "  AS  A  WOMAN'S  TITLE. — When 
the  head  or  chief  officer  of  the  municipal 
corporation  of  a  city  or  borough  is  a  woman, 
what  is  her  correct  title  ?  She  is  usually 
styled  "the  Mayor"  and  "Her  Worship 
the  Mayor."  Is  this  correct  ?  The  '  N.E.D., 
defines  the  word  "  mayoress  "  as  "  the  wife 
of  a  mayor,"  but  gives  as  a  nonce-word 
"  a  woman  holding  the  office  of  a  mayor." 
The  reference,  however,  is  American,  the 
word  occurring  in  The  North  American 
Review  of  September,  1895  :  "  When  women 
shall  have  become  .  .  .  mayoresses  or 
alderwomen."  Now  that  women  have  at- 
tained to  those  positions,  is  there  any  record 
of  a  woman  holding  the  office  of  a  mayor 


being  styled  "  Mayoress."  If  not,  and  if 
the  common  use  of  the  word  "  mayor  "  for 
a  woman  is  right,  why  not  "  king  "  for  a 
woman  ruler  ?  The  Princess  Mary  is 
reported  to  have  addressed  the  "  Lady 
Mayor  "  (so  styled  in  the  Press)  of  Chelten- 
ham as  "  Mr.  Mayor "  when  receiving  a 
deputation  on  Feb.  10,  1922.  F.  H.  C. 

AUCHEB  :  DEPEDENE. — Can  any  reader 
tell  me  if  the  following  genealogical  particu- 
lars are  correct,  or  add  to  them  in  any  way  ? 

Richard  de  Depedene,  temp.  Edw.  II.  and 
III.,  held  half  a  knight's  fee  of  the  Auchers  of 
High  Laver  and  Copt  Hall,  Essex  ;  Fisherton 
Anger,  Wilts,  &c. 

This  Richard  probably  came  from  Depden 
in  Suffolk  ( Burke' s  '  Armory '  names  it 
as  their  county),  and  his  s.  and  h.,  John  de 
Depedene,  Knight  of  the  Shire  for  Essex 
(1352),  married  Elizabeth  FitzAucher,  one  of 
the  daughters  of  Sir  Aucher  FitzAucher,  who 
had  been  summoned  to  Parliament,  1309,  as 
Lord  FitzHenry. 

John  de  Depedene  subsequently  acquired 
High  Laver  and  all  the  Yorkshire  estates, 
including  Tibthorpe,  Eastburn,  and  Torpe 
Arches,  from  his  brother-in-law,  Sir  Henry 
FitzAucher,  and  assumed  the  Aucher  arms. 

The  s.  and  h.  of  the  aforesaid  marriage, 
Sir  John  Depedene,  married  Elizabeth,  dau. 
and  h.  (widow  of  Sir  William  Nevill)  of  Sir 
Stephen  Walleys,  himself  s.  and  h.  of  Lord 
Walleys. 

The  s.  and  h.  of  this  marriage,  another  Sir 
John  Depedene  (whose  seal  quartering 
Walleys  with  Aucher  is  extant  ;  see  Yorks. 
Arch.  Journal,  vol.  xiii.),  died  s.p.  1402. 
These  arms,  with  the  additional  quartering 
of  Loring,  were  subsequently  quartered  by 
the  Lords  Wharton  of  Wharton,  probably 
through  descent  from  a  sister  and  heir  or 
coh.  of  the  last  Sir  John  Depedene.  Can  any 
reader  give  me  particulars  of  Sir  John's 
heirs  and  say  how  the  Whartons  came  to 
quarter  Aucher  and  Walleys  ? 

C.  J.  BRUCE  ANGIEB. 

SIB  RAUPH  AND  SIB  EDWARD  BASHE  : 
ANNE  SCOT  (nee  BASHE). — Sir  Ralph  was  one 
of  the  Knights  of  the  Bath  at  Charles  II. 's 
Coronation,  and  Sir  Edward  was  knighted  in 
1691.  The  former  married  Anne,  sister  of 
Sir  Thomas  Skipwith,  Bt.,  of  Gosberton, 
Lincoln,  and  Sir  Edward  Bashe  married 
Anne  Wade.  One  of  them  was  the  mother 
of  Anne  Bashe  (third  wife  of  Thomas  Scot  the 
regicide),  concerning  whom  and  her  children 
I  am  anxious  for  any  information.  Anne 


150 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [i2s.x.FBB.25,i922. 


Scot  was  married  after  1645  and  became  a 
widow  in  1660.  CONSTANCE  RUSSELL. 

Swallowfield   Park,    Reading. 

[Our  correspondent  may  like  to  be  reminded 
that  Grace  (ne'e  Mauleverer),  second  wife  of  the 
regicide,  Thomas  Scot,  to  whom  there  is  a  tablet  in 
the  chapel  of  St.  John  the  Evangelist  at  West- 
minster Abbey  ("  Hee  that  will  give  my  Grace 
but  what  is  hers,"  &c.),  died  in  1646.] 

LATIN  PROVERB  :  ORIGIN  SOUGHT.— Can 
any  reader  tell  me  the  origin  of  the  Latin 
proverb  "  Nescit  sanus  quid  sentiat  aeger 
aut  plenus  quid  patiatur  jejunus  "  ?  It  is 
quoted  as  vulgare  proverbium  by  St.  Bernard 
('  De  Gradibus  Humilitatis,'  &c.,  cap.  iii.), 
but  I  have  not  been  able  to  find  it  in  any 
dictionary  of  quotations. 

BARTON  R.  V.  MILLS. 

THOMAS  LOVELL. — Will  some  contributor 
who  is  familiar  with  materials  for  Lincoln- 
shire history  be  so  good  as  to  tell  me  whether 
the  private  Act,  1  James  I.,  c.  xxxv.,  '  For 
the  Releife  of  Thomas  Lovell,'  has  been 
printed  ?  It  seems  probable  that  a  number 
of  words  occurring  in  Stat.  16  and  17 
Charles  II.,  c.  11,  may  be  usefully  extracted 
for  '  O.E.D.'  Q.  V. 

JELL YM AN  FAMILY  :  REGISTER,  OF  ALL 
SAINTS'  CHURCH,  OXFORD. — When  searching 
the  parish  registers  of  All  Saints  (All 
Hallows),  Oxford,  last  September,  I  ob- 
served in  one  register,  c.  1663,  a 
note,  I  think  written  about  that  date,  that 
the  register  1653  to  1662  is  "in  the  hands  of 
Jellyman." 

It  must  be  presumed  that  no  one  tried, 
to  obtain  it  from  him  in  order  to  put  it  in 
its  proper  place.  In  the  register  of  Bloxham, 
Co.  Oxon,  I  noted  the  family  name  of 
Jellyman  about  the  end  of  the  eighteenth 
century. 

Probably  there  may  be  several  entries  of 
this  name  in  the  registers. 

Is  anything  known  concerning  the  lost 
register  of  All  Saints  ? 

HERBERT  SOUTHAM. 

PILATE'S  WIFE. — Have  we  any  authority 
for  naming  Pilate's  wife  Claudia  Procula  ? 
Is  it  true  that  in  the  reign  of  the  Emperor 
Augustus  a  provincial  Roman  Governor 
could  not  be  accompanied  by  his  wife, 
and  that  in  the  reign  of  his  successor, 
Tiberius,  the  law  was  amended,  so  that  a 
Governor's  wife  could  share  her  husband's 
foreign  home  after  taking  an  oath  that  she 
would  not  interfere  in  matters  of  State  ? 


If  so,  would  the  penalty  for  breaking  this 
I  oath  involve  the  husband's  recall  and  the 
!  wife's  death  ?  T.  H.  SOULBY. 

Kestor  Glen,  Chagford,  South  Devon. 

UNIDENTIFIED  PORTRAIT  ON  WOOD  PANEL. 
— I  have  had  for  some  40  years  a  painting 
|  on  wood  panel  of  a  lady  with  a  large  silk 
j  frill  or  ruff  and  pearls.  I  do  not  know  the 
j  subject  or  the  painter,  but  in  the  right-hand 
j  upper  corner  is  painted 

ELISABT    D.    C.    DYCISS   BIABA. 

Perhaps  some  reader  may  be  able  to  let 
me  know  something  about  the  lady,  for  I 
cannot  ascertain  anything  about  her. 

A.  O'C. 

PORTRAITS  BY  VANDYCK. — Has  the  por- 
trait of  the  *"  Two  Young  Cavaliers '  re- 
cently acquired  for  the  National  Gallery 
ever  been  engraved  ?  If  so,  what  is  the 
description  of  the  engraving  (if  any)  given 
beneath  it  ? 

Has  the  portrait  (whole  length)  of  Jane 
Goodwyri,  daughter  of  Arthur  Goodwyn  of 
Winchendon,    Bucks,    and    second    wife    of 
Philip,  fourth  Lord  Wharton,  in  the  collec- 
tion of  the  Duke  of  Devonshire,  ever  been 
engraved,  and,  if  so,  what  is  the  description 
given  beneath  it  ?     I  am  acquainted  with 
an   engraving   of   a   lady   in  a  white  satin 
dress  from  a  painting  by  Vandyck,  entitled 
)  '  Jane    Goodwyn,'   but  it   does  not  appear 
|  to  be  the  same  lady  as  portrayed  in  the 
I  picture  at  Chatsworth,  who  is  in  black  velvet. 
Where  is  the  original  painting  by  Vandyck 
of   this   lady   in  white   satin,   described   on 
the  engraving  as  '  Jane  Goodwyn  '  ? 

CROSS  CROSSLET. 

"  ONCE  ABOARD  THE  LUGGER." — "  Once 
aboard  .the  lugger  and  the  girl  is  mine." 
What  is  the  source  of  this  well-known  quo- 
tation ?  C.  N.  R. 

CATHERINE,  DUCHESS  OF  GORDON. — Duer, 
in  his  '  Life  of  William  Alexander,  Earl  of 
Stirling  '  (New  Jersey,  1847),  states,  p.  13, 
that  the  Duchess  accompanied  her  second 
husband,  Gen.  Staats  Long  Morris,  to 
America  on  a  visit  to  his  relation.  She 
was  "  long  remembered  in  New  York  for 
her  masculine  habits,  blunt  manners,  frank 
conversation  and  good  heart."  Is  there  any 
contemporary  reference  to  her  in  American 
literature  ?  J.  M.  BULLOCH. 

37,  Bedford  Square,  W.C.I. 

GRANGER'S    '  BIOGRAPHICAL   HISTORY.'— 
The  *  D.N.B.'  (xxii.  373)  states  that  two  fine 


I 


12  S.  X.  FEB.  25,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


151 


extra-illustrated  copies  of  this  work  were 
offered  for  sale  in  1856.  I  shall  be  glad  if 
information  can  be  given  as  to  their  present 
location.  ROLAND  AUSTIN. 

THE  CAP  OF  MAINTENANCE. — Can  any 
reader  tell  me  the  origin  of  this  symbol,  which 
is  used  in  all  royal  ceremonies  ?  Authorities 
appear  to  differ.  The  general  impression 
seems  to  be  that  the  real  object  of  the  cap 
is  lost  in  the  mists  of  antiquity. 

WILLIAM  BULL. 
Hammersmith. 

["  The  sense  of  maintenance,"  says  the  '  N.E.D.' 
•on  this  subject,  "  here  is  obscure."  In  the  first 
quotation,  c.  1485,  the  expression  is  hat  of  main- 
tenance. The  cap  of  maintenance  is  mentioned  I 
as  having  been  sent  by  the  Pope  to  Henry  VII. 
and  Henry  VIII.  ;  and  in  1551,  along  with  the 
•crown  or  diadem  as  one  of  the  insignia  of  a  prince. 
The  question  of  its  origin  has  been  discussed 
in  our  columns  at  9  S.  vii.  192 — 8  S.  v.  268,  415 — 
4  S.  ii.  560  ;  viii.  399,  520—1  S.  vi.  324.  Nothing 
was  elicited  as  to  its  origin,  though  many  par- 
ticulars as  to  its  use  were  supplied.] 

JOHN  FILMER  EMMETT  graduated  B.A.  at 
Cambridge  University  from  Trinity  College 
in  1827.  I  should  be  glad  to  obtain  parti- 
culars of  his  parentage  and  career.  He  was 
born  Oct.  31,  1805.  When  and  where  did  he 
die  ?  G.  F.  R.  B. 

LAZENKI  PALACE,  WARSAW  :  LATIN  IN- 
SCRIPTIONS.— I  should  feel  much  obliged  for 
information  on  the  following  points.  Over 
the  entrance  door  of  the  Lazenki  Palace, 
Warsaw,  there  is  (or  was  before  the  Great 
War)  an  inscription  running  thus  : — 


ODIT 
TRISTITIAS 


HAEC    '    DOMUS    • 

AM  AT    .     FUNDIT    '  COMMEND  AT  •  ET  •  O  TAT 
PACKM    '    BALNEA    •  RURA          •       PROBOS     • 


A  little  lower  to  right  and  left  of  the 
portal  are  medallions,  two  in  number,  one 
symbolizing  the  Genius  habitantis,  the  other 
the  Genius  loci.  That  of  the  habitans  has 
inscribed  within  :  FRONS  •  SERENA  •  vox  • 
SINCERA.  That  of  the  locus :  MENTI  *  QUIES  (and 
two  more  words  I  cannot  remember).  The 
notes  I  had  made  on  the  spot  of  these  in- 
scriptions and  of  the  symbolic  medallions  have 
been  mislaid.  I  have  tried  in  vain  for  refer- 
ences in  usual  works.  The  first  inscription 
is  a  quaint  concetto  when  read  in  proper 
collocation.  Are  there  many  similar  ones 
to  be  found  ?  I  have  forgotten  the  exact 
symbolic  figures  in  the  medallions. 

The  Lazenki  was  the  summer  palace  of 
the  last  King  of  Poland,  Stanislas  Augustus. 


Obviously  optat. 


The  monogram  SA  stands  out  among  the 
above  inscriptions,  which  reflect  un  naturel 
charmant.  VALENTINE  J.  O'HARA. 

Authors'  Club,  London. 

'  THE  TALE  OF  Two  CITIES  '  :  THE 
DRUGGING  OF  DARN  AY. — How  was  Charles 
Darnay  drugged  ?  Has  the  exact  nature 
of  this  drug  been  ascertained  ?  According 
to  chap.  xiii.  of  the  novel,  Darnay  noticed 
that  a  curious  vapour  was  present  in 
the  cell  just  before  Sydney  Carton  ren- 
dered him  unconscious.  This  seems  to 
suggest  chloroform  (discovered  in  1831). 
In  chap.  xi.  it  is  stated  to  be  a  mixture 
and  probably  also  a  poison.  Perhaps  the 
lack  of  details  is  due  to  the  fact  that  Dickens 
was  guilty  of  a  daring  anachronism.  What 
was  the  date  of  the  article  in  The  British 
Medical  Journal  on  *  The  Medical  Accuracy 
of  Dickens '  ?  J.  ARDAGH. 

CHALK  IN  KENT  AND  ITS  OWNERS  : 
RYE,  CORNHILL,  VILERS,  ST.  CLAIR. — In 
the  Cartulary  of  the  Monastery  of  St.  John 
the  Baptist  at  Colchester  (Roxburgh  Club, 
London  :  1897),  there  are  the  following 
references  : — 
Page  Date 

43  1120c.  Roger  de  Vilers  gave  half  a  hide 
in  Chich,  Hamo  his  brother  two 
parts  tenths  of  Walchra  and  all 
the  mill. 

156  IHOc.  Hamon  de  St.  Clair  grants  the  mill 
of  Walchra  to  St.  Mary  Walchra 
in  perpetual  alms. 

42  1198.  Charter  of  King  Richard  refers  to 
gifts  of  Roger  de  Vilers  and 
Hamon  his  brother,  Hamon  de 
St.  Clair,  Wm.  de  St.  Clair, 
Eudes  le  Seneschal  (Eudo  Dapi- 
fer),  &c. 

120  (1226-35).  Henry,  bishop  of  Rochester, 
narrates  inspection  of  -confirma- 
tion by  Pope  Alexander  to  the 
above  monastery  of  certain  gifts 
including  that  from  Hamon  de 
St.  Clair  of  all  tenths  in  the 
village  of  Chalcra. 

In  another  work  ('  Sinclairs  of  England,' 
pp.  216/7)  the  following  charters  are  said 
to  be  in  the  Harleian  collection  at  the 
British  Museum  : — 

1145c.  Charter  of  Hubert  de  St.  Clair  to  the 
church  of  the  Holy  Trinity  of  Norwich, 
about  the  church  of  Chalke,  and  land 
and  an  annual  return  in  the  same 
manor. 

1180e.    Charter    of    William    de    Lanvaley    con- 
firming   the    donation    of    Hubert    de 
St.    Clair,   his   grandfather,   as   above  ; 
"  particularly    various    matters    between 
the  prior  of  Bermondsey  and  the  prior 


152 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [  12  s.  x.  FEB.  25, 1 922. 


of  the  church  of  Holy  Trinity,  Norwich, 
concerning  the  advowson  of  the  church 
of  Chalke. 

Do  the  above  references  in  the  Latin  to 
"Walchra"  and  "St.  Mary  Walchra" 
mean  "  Chalk  "  ?  If  so,  much  light  will 
be  thrown  on  the  relationship  of  various 
personages  in  feudal  times. 

Roger  de  Vilers  is  described  as  nepos 
suus  to  Eudes  de  Ryes,  in  a  grant  by  the 
latter  to  the  Abbey  of  St.  Amand,  Rouen. 

Is  not  Hamon,  brother  to  Roger  de 
Vilers,  identical  with  Hamon  de  St.  Clair 
mentioned  in  the  Colchester  Cartulary  ? 

Hamon  and  William  de  St.  Clair  were  | 
brothers ;  they  and  their  father  before ! 
them  owned  the  property  of  Vilers  (after-  j 
wards  known  as  Vilers -Fossart)  in  the  canton  ; 
of  St.  Clair,  near  St.  L6,  chief  town  St.  | 
Clair-sur-1'Elle.  They  also  owned  the  barony  j 
of  Thaon  in  Normandy,  the  chapel  of  which  ' 
is  still  extant.  The  querist  has  moulages  \ 
of  the  seals  of  Wm.  de  St.  Clair,  his  son! 
Geoffrey  and  grandson  Thomas. 

If  Hamon  de  St.  Clair  was  brother  to  j 
Roger  de  Vilers  then  he  also  was  nepos  \ 
Eudonis,  which  will  explain  his  succession 
to  Eudes  de  Ryes. 

Roger  de  Vilers,  I  am  inclined  to  think, 
may  be  identical  with  Roger  nepos  Huberti, 
who  obtained  a  Crown  grant  of  the  manor 
of   Chalk   and   was   succeeded   by   his   son 
Gervase  de  Cornhill,  sheriff  of  Kent,  Surrey,  j 
and  London.    See  31st  Report  of  the  Public  j 
Records,  1868-69,  and  the  article  'Pedigree; 
of    Gervase    de    Cornhill,'    pp.    304-12,    in  j 
'Geoffrey    de    Mandeville,'    by    J.    Horace! 
Round,  where  the  grants  of  the  manor  of  j 
Chalk   to   Roger   and   Gervase   respective!/ 1 
are  cited  as     in  Duchy  of  Lancaster  Royal 
Charters  Nos.   3  and  6  ;    in  respect  of  the 
latter  see  also  Pipe  Roll  Society,  'Ancient 
Charters,'  p.  66. 

May  St.  Mary  Walker  mean  St.  Mary 
Walcher  ?  Walcher  fils  Osbern,  a  nephew 
of  Eudes  de  Ryes,  was  buried  on  the  same 
day  and  in  the  same  tomb  as  the  celebrated 
Eudes.  May  Walcher  be  one  of  the  brothers 
of  the  two  St.  Clairs  mentioned  in  their 
charters  as  buried  in  the  grounds  of  the 
monastery  ?  Walcher  was  a  son  of  Osbern 
fils  Walter,  tenant-in-chief  of  Bichelswade 
hundred  in  Bereforde  in  Bedford.  Osborn 
fils  Walcher,  apparently  his  son,  appears 
in  the  Colchester  Cartulary  as  of  Leiham, 
and  there  is  notice  of  his  sons.  Osbern 
fils  Walter  was  married  to  Muriel,  sister 
of  Eudes  de  Ryes,  and  there  is  an  appearance 
of  liis  son  Walcher  as  early  as  1086.  The 


St.  Clairs  may  have  been  sons  of  Muriel  by 
a  second  marriage. 

There  are  many  notices  in  the  Colchester 
Cartulary  of  persons  of  the  family  of  Hamley 
(de  Amblia,  Normandy)  in  close  connexion 
with  the  St.  Clairs,  one  of  whom  is  Eudes 
de  Hamley  and  probably  the  same  as 
Eudes  nepos  Huberti  appearing  therein. 
May  this  Eudes  be  brother  to  Roger  nepos 
Huberti,  grantee  of  Chalk  ? 

I  take  the  surname  Lanvaley  to  be  in 
reality  "  Langvale,"  dervied  from  the  place 
in  Kent  held  in  1087  by  Adam  fils  Hubert,, 
brother  of  Eudes  de  Ryes.  For  some  un- 
known reason  the  family  of  that  name  is 
stated  to  come  from  Brittany  and  the  name 
is  generally  spelt  "  Lanvallei." 

FlTZ-MlNSTBEIXE  CLABISTIAN. 

POEM  WANTED.- — Two  or  three  years  ago  there 
appeared  in  The  Daily  News  a  poem  by  "  Gertrude 
S.  Ford  "  supposed  to  be  addressed  by  a  wife  to 
a  husband.  The  Daily  News  people  cannot  trace 
the  date  of  publication.  Can  any  reader  help  ? 

W.  FOBSTEB. 

REFERENCE  WANTED. — "  The  Count  de  Maistre 
said  a  century  ago  or  more,  '  History  as  it  is- 
written  is  one  great  conspiracy  against  the 
truth.'  "  In  which  book  does  the  above  appear  ? 

AUTHOBS  WANTED. — 1.  In  the  Echo  de  Paris  of 
Feb.  11,  1922,  there  is  a  reference  to  "  Les  Etats- 
Unis  qui  avaient  proclame  que  '  tout  homme  a 
deux  patries  :  la  sienne  et  la  France.'"  Who 
was  the  author  of  this  saying  ?  I  have  seen  it 
attributed  to  Benjamin  Franklin,  but  also  to 
Henri  de  Bornier,  the  French  Academician  who 
died  in  1901.  Usually  the  version  is  "  Tout 
homme  a  deux  patries :  la  sienne  et  puis  la 
France."  If  the  saying  is  Franklin's,  what  was 
the  exact  form  of  the  English  original  ? 

F.  H.  C. 

2.  Can  any  reader  oblige  me  with  the  name  of 
the  author  of  the  line  : — 

"  And  morning  brings  its  daylight  and  its  woe." 

A.  T. 


Replies*. 

WHITE  OF  SELBORNE  :  PORTRAIT 
WANTED. 

(12  S.  x.  109.) 

IF  MB.  W.  COTJBTHOPE  FOBMAN  will  send 
me  his  address,  I  shall  be  pleased  to  send 
him  a  photogravure  copy,  from  my  private 
plate,  of  a  small  pen-and-ink  sketch,  probably 
by  an  amateur  friend,  of  Gilbert  White  of 
Selborne.  The  original  sketch,  in  one  of 

1  his  books,  is  now  in  the    British    Museum. 

I  It  is  perfectly  well  known  in  his  family,  of" 


12  S.  X.  FEB.  25,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


153 


whom  I  am  the  present  head,  that  the 
naturalist  never  sat  for  his  picture  to  a 
portrait  artist. 

RASHLEIGH  HOLT -WHITE. 

In  answer  to  MB.  COTJBTHOPE  FOBMAN'S 
inquiry  with  regard  to  a  portrait  of  Gilbert 
White,  I  may  say  that  his  family  has  always 
been  of  opinion  that  no  picture  of  him  was 
ever  painted.  The  figure  in  the  frontispiece 
to  the  first  edition  of  '  The  Natural  History 
of  Selborne,'  at  one  time  supposed  to  re- 
present its  author,  has  been  shown  to  be 
someone  else. 

A  picture  labelled  '  The  Rev.  Gilbert 
White,'  picked  up  for  a  few  shillings  in  the 
Caledonian  Market  and  stated  to  show  every 
sign  of  having  been  painted  in  Gilbert 
White's  time,  was  engraved  by  Mr.  John 
Glen,  of  3,  Bennett  Street,  S.W.I.  A  re- 
production of  this  portrait  appeared  in  The 
Selborne  Magazine  for  1913,  on  p.  64. 

Another  painting  of  a  much  younger  man, 
also  labelled  '  Gilbert  White,'  at  Knebworth, 
is  in  the  collection  of  the  Earl  of  Lytton,  by 
whose  courtesy  it  was  reproduced  in  The 
Selborne  Magazine  for  1913,  on  p.  143. 

A  few  years    ago     a  copy  of    Homer's 
Iliad,  by  Pope,  and    presented  by  him  to 
Gilbert   White,   when   the   latter   took   his 
degree,  was  discovered  in  Hampshire,  and  in 
it  is  a  sketch  labelled  "  '  G.  W.  '  penned  by 
*  F.   C.,'  "   together  with  a   chess-score,   in  j 
which  the  names  of  Gilbert  White  and  F.  j 
Chapman  occur.     This  and  another  sketch  | 
with  no  title  were  reproduced  in  The  Set-  \ 
borne  Magazine  for  1914,  on  p.  128. 

This  last  portrait  is  crude,  but  one  cannot 
help  being  struck  by  the  resemblance  between 
it  and  the  painting  in  the  posf»e*sion  of  Lord 
Lytton.  WILFBED  MABK  WEBB. 

In  reply  to  the  inquiry  of  MB.  COUBTHOPE 
FOBMAN,  I  beg  to  say  tnat  I  possess  the  only 
known  portrait  of  Gilbert  White,  which  I 
shall  be  pleased  to  show  him  if  he  will  call 
on  me. 

I  have  had  the  picture  engraved. 

JOHN  GLEN. 

3,  Bennett  Street,  St.  James's,  S.W.I. 

In  reply  to  MB.  W.  COUBTHOPE  FOBMAN'S 
query,  there  is  a  portrait  of  Gilbert  White 
of  Selborne  (1720-1793),  naturalist,  in  The 
Bookbuyer  (1901),  xxii.  476. 

There  is  also  a  portrait  of  Gilbert  White 
of  Selborne,  vicar,  grandfather  of  the 
above,  in  '  The  Life  and  Letters  of  Gilbert 
White  of  Selborne,'  written  and  edited 


by  his  great-grandnephew,  Rashleigh  Holt- 
White,  with  pedigree,  portraits  and  illus- 
trations. (In  two  volumes.  London,  John 
Murray,  1901.  8vo.) 

ALFBED  SYDNEY  LEWIS. 
Library,  Constitutional  Club,  W.C. 

COLONEL  CHABLES  WHITEFOOBD  (12  S.  x.. 
108). — If  this  query  could  be  answered  hx 
the  form  in  which  it  is  put,  the  baronetcy 
of  Whitefoord  of  Blaquhan  would  not  be 
extinct.  But  your  correspondent  should, 
consult  a  note  by  S.  S.  (Mr.  Shaw  Stewart) 
in  The  Genealogist  of  July,  1880,  in  which, 
the  writer  takes  a  very  broad  view  of 
Scottish  marriages. 

Of  the  celebrated  Caleb  Whitefoord  (1734- 
1810),  there  are  several  memoirs  accessible 
and  portraits,  one  by  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds, 
of  which  the  engravings  are  scarce.  He 
did  not  marry  until  very  late  in  life.  His 
son,  the  late  Rev.  Caleb  Whitefoord,  rector 
of  Burford,  was  born  in  1806.  In  1887,  more 
than  150  years  after  the  birth  of  his  father, 
he  was  kind  enough  to  allow  me  to  peruse 
his  collection  of  family  papers,  including 
a  letter  from  Sir  Walter  Scott,  which  is 
worth  quoting.  When  the  1829  edition  of 
'  Waverley  '  was  published,  the  origin  of  the 
story  of  the  mutual  good  offices  of  Col. 
Talbot,  Waverley,  and  Bradwardine  was 
told  in  the  Introduction,  but  with  some 
slight  inaccuracies,  such  as  Allan  for  Charles 
and  one  "  o  "  in  Whitefoord.  .  Young  Caleb, 
then  at  Queen's  College,  Oxford,  had  the 
temerity,  as  he  expressed  it,  to  write  to  the 
author,  pointing  this  out,  and  pleading  the 
love  of  his  family  for  the  old  name.  Sir 
Walter  replied  :  "  Dear  Sir, — Dearly  as  I 
am  myself  particular  in  the  spelling  of  my 
name  to  a  '  t '  I  had  no  right  to  treat  your 
'  o  '  as  a  cypher,"  and  promising  that  in 
the  next  edition  the  emendation  should  be 
made.  This  was  done,  as  will  be  seen  in 
the  paragraph  now  printed  in  the  Appendix. 

The  Rev.  Charles  Blaquhan  Whitefoord, 
R.C.  Chaplain  to  the  Forces,  grandson  of 
the  rector  of  Burford,  died  of  wounds  in 
France,  May  29,  1918.  Of  this  gallant 
descendant  and  namesake  of  the  Waverley- 
colonel  an  officer  wrote  : — 

One  incident  will  show  the  spirit  in  which  he 
worked  among  us.  He  was  in  a  ruined  village 
about  a  thousand  yards  from  the  fighting.  Shells 
were  falling,  glass  and  bricks  were  flying  about. 
Father  Whitefoord  found  a  man  who  had  lost  his 
steel  helmet.  In  an  instant  he  handed  his  own  to- 
the  soldier,  and  then  carried  on  excellent  work  in. 
succouring  the  wounded. 

A.  T.  M. 


154 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [12  s.x.  FEB.  25, 1922. 


ARAB  (OB  EASTERN)  HORSES  (12  S.  x.  lout  all  the  inaccuracies  of  the  article;  the 
'91,  138). — When  compiling  the  history  of  !  principal  points  are  that  the  sides  are 
the  old  Newcastle-on-Tyne  Race  Meeting  i  invariably  composed  of  four  players  and 
I  spent  a  good  deal  of  time  in  research  j  that  the  scoring  is  identical  with  that  of 
regarding  the  Fenwick  family  and  their  |  lawn  tennis,  even  to  "advantage"  and 
connexion  with  bloodstock.  The  date  of  "  deuce." 

the  following  letter  (1610)  will  reconcile)  I  agree  with  the  American  narrator  that 
the  dates  mentioned  by  ARAB  with  the j  it  is  a  game  requiring  much  agility  and 
death  of  Sir  John  Fenwick.  The  writer  j  strength,  but  to  rank  it  above  cricket  is 
was  Robert  Delaval,  who,  to  the  Earl  of  i  silly  in  the  extreme  and  worthy  only  of  one 
Northumberland,  communicated  the  follow-  to  whom  the  niceties  of  the  greatest  athletic 

game  the  world  has  ever  known  are  a  closed 
book.     Still,  with  some  amplification  of  the 


mg: — 

I  have  seen  a  very  fine  paseinge  [pacing]  mare 
that  is  black  and  of  middle  size,  which  I  can 
fouy  for  your  lordship,  and  hath  so  good  a  fore- 
hand and  head  as  I  know  not  where  the  like  is 
to  be  had  in  these  parts.  The  colt  that 


rules,  it  might  be  worth  while  giving  it  a 


trial  in  England. 


S.  H.  Du  PARC. 


AMERICAN     HUMORISTS  :      CAPT.    G.    H. 


fir  John  Fenwick  gave  the  King  that  was ;  held  j  DEBBY  (12  S.   x.   353,    394,   491,   535).— My 
to  be  the  swiftest  horse  in  England,  which  was  :  f^.,       „  '-     ,,  '     «  Q'     ;KJk 

given  to  the  Duke  of  Ulster,  is  full  brother  by  this    C(W   of   the  first   &Waon   of    the       bquibob 
horse  to  this  mare.     She  hath  this  year  a  very  I  Papers'  in  my  library  being  mislaid,  I  cannot 
fair  horse  colt  that  is  some  five  weeks  old,  gotten  j  now  refer  to  it,  so  accept  X.  T.  R.'s  autho- 
with  a  horse  that  paceth  of  Sir  Ralph  Graye's  |  rity  for  his   statement.     It    must  be  noted, 
that  will  not  be  sold  for  £100  and  the  gent,  that  hhrt«r««»i.      fViat    Pm-it      T^rHv   diprl    in    1861 
owns  her  will  not  sell  his  mare  and  colt  under  £20,  j       j    X     I    !£      <  «  P  >l  iT   D  Y        > 
and  if- 1  dislike  the  colt  he  will  abate  me  twenty    and  that    the     Squibob  Papers     were    first 
nobles  of  the  £20.     The  mare  is  this  year  covered  I  published    in    1865.       The    notes,  therefore, 


again  with  a  marvellous  fair  Grey  Turk  that  paceth 
little  but  very  excellent  good  shape. 


may  have  been  those  of  the  editor. 

"  Squibob  "  was  another  nom  de  plume  of 


Sir  John  Fenwick — a  staunch  Royalist —  Capt.  Derby,  and  many  of,  the  letters  in 
as  stud-master  both  to  Charles  I.  and  j  '  Phoenixiana  '  (1856)  are  signed  "Squibob." 
Charles  II.,  and  did  much  to  lay  the  f  ounda- j  A  representation  in  gilt  of  "Squibob"  is 
tion  of  the  thoroughbred  as  we  know  it  I  on  the  front  cover  of  the  book,  and  the 
.to-day.  J.  FAIRFAX-BLAKEBOROUGH.  'frontispiece  is  a  portrait  of  "Yours  re- 

Grove  House,  Norton-on-Tees.  \  spectf ully  John  P.  Squibob  "  (John  Phoenix 

i  Squibob).      I  find   no  reference    in  articles 


PALLONE,  AN  ITALIAN  GAME  (12  S.  x.  65). 
— With  reference  to  the  article  under  the 
above  heading,  I  am  not  aware  if  this 
description  of  the  game  therein  contained 
as  given  by  an  American  sculptor  still 
stands  good  for  Rome,  but  I  can  say  that, 
a,s  regards  the  game  as  played  in  Piedmont 
.and  Tuscany,  the  description  is  very  incorrect. 
The  game  has  always  been*  more  essentially 


in    'Phrenixiafina  '     connecting    "  Squibob  " 
with  George  Wshingfcon. 

I  was  a  member  of  the  publication,  com- 
mittee of  the  Caxton  Club,  Chicago,  under 
whose  supervision  the  1897  edition  of 
'  Phcenixiana  '  was  published.  This  issue 
was  edited  by  John  Vance  Cheney,  at  that 
time  head  Librarian  of  the  Newbury  Library, 
and  a  member  of  the  committee.  Mr.  Cheney 


a  Piedmontese  and  Tuscan  one  than  Roman,  was  acquainted  with  the  family  of  Capt. 
As  played  in  Piedmont  (where  it  may  truly  |  Derby,  and  the  facts  incorporated  in  his 
be  called  the  national  game)  there  are  two  |  Introduction  were  obtained  from  them, 
•chief  varieties ;  one  being  played  with  a  j  Mrs.  Derby  and  her  son,  Capt.  George 
soft  india-rubber  ball  slightly  larger  than  |  McClennan  Derby,  placed  at  the  disposal 
&  cricket  ball,  the  ball  being  struck  with  '  of  our  committee  an  album  of  the  original 
the  hand,  round  which  is  wound  a  handker-  i  sketches  of  Capt.  Derby.  Mr.  Cheney,  in 
chief  ;  and  the  other  variety  played  with  a  j  his  Introduction,  refers  to  the  portrait  of 
ihard  ball  as  described.  The  gauntlets  of  j  "  Squibob  "  (referring  to  vol.  ii.  of  +-1""* 
wood  with  the  projecting  bosses  resemble  Caxton  Club  edition)  as  follows  : — 
nothing  so  much  as  pineapples,  and  cover 
the  hand  as  far  as  the  wrist  only,  not  to  the 
elbow. 

I  do  not  imagine  that  the  subject  is  suffi- 
ciently interesting  to  English  readers  to 
merit  taking  up  much  of  your  space  to  point 


the 


The  portrait  of  •"  Squibob,"  frontispiece  to 
vol.  ii.,  drawn  by  Derby,  over  his  own  photo- 
graph as  the  groundwork,  is  from  the  original 
cut  used  in  the  Appleton  edition  of  '  Phoenixiana,' 
1856. 

GEORGE  MERRYVVEATHER. 

Highland  Park,  111.,  U.S.A. 


12  S.  X.  FEB.  25,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


155 


PRIME  MINISTER  (12  S.  ix.  446;    x.  117).  j 
— MR.  JOHN  BERESFORD  is  to  be  congratu- ! 
lated  greatly  on  his  discovery  of  this  title ; 
in  the  margin  of  Clarendon's  '  Continuation, ! 
&c.,'  under  1661.   This  date  now  becomes  the 
earliest  of  which  the  phrase  is  used.     But 
I   still   think   that   the   earliest   to   write   it 
was   Reresby   in  1667  (p.   14  of  the  1734— 
the  first — edition).     For  his  '  Memoirs  '  are  ; 
in  the  nature  (and  almost  the  form)  of  a 
diary,  as  anyone  can  see  at  a  glance,  andj 
the  entry  I  cited  must  have  been  written  | 
in  or  about  1667. 

Now  I  assume  (though  I  do  not  know)  j 
that  the  marginal  notes  of  the  '  Continua-  > 
tion '    were    written    by    Clarendon.       The ; 
'  Continuation  '  was  first  published  in  1 759 ' 
(Oxford).     (In  the  1827  edition,  Oxford,  the 
marginal  note  is  on  p.    416,  vol.   i.).      We 
know  (v.   'D.N.B.,'  article   by    Prof.  Firth) 
how  the  *  Life  '  was  written,  and  the  '  Con- 
tinuation '     is    actually     dated     "  Moulins, 
June   8,    1672."      Clarendon   died   in    1674. 
It    seems    pretty    certain    that    the    words 
"  prime  minister  "  were  inserted  after  1672. 

Anson,  whom  I  cited,  quotes  Swift's 
"  Inquiry  into  the  Behaviour  of  the  Queen's 
last  Ministry,'  xvi.  19.  I  cannot  find  the 
phrase  in  the  Edinburgh  edition,  vol.  v.,! 
p.  264  (1824),  nor  when  it  was  first  published, ! 
but  it  is»  of  little  importance,  for  in  the ; 
title  it  is  said,  "  Written  in  June,  1715."  j 
Anson' s  other  reference  to  Swift  is  "  Pre- ' 
face  to  the  History  of  the  last  four  years! 
of  Queen  Anne  [xvi.],  p.  38."  The  words  | 
are  "  the  conduct  of  those  who  are  now  j 
called  prime  ministers "  (Edinb.  edition,  | 
1824,  vol.  v.,  p.  16).  But  Swift  begins  thej 
Preface  by  saying  that  it  was  written  (as; 
the  title  implies)  about  1713  :  it  was  not 
published  till  1758  ('  D.N.B.'). 

The  net  result  seems  to  be  that  the 
earliest  year  of  which  the  term  is  used  is 
1661  (Clarendon),  that  the  earliest  writer 
to  employ  it  is  Reresby  in  1667,  and  that 
the  earliest  to  recognize  its  coming  into 
common  use  is  Swift  (1713). 

If  anyone  discovers  a  literary  reference 
to  the  title  earlier  than  1661-7  it  is  greatly 
to  be  hoped  that  he  will  publish  it. 

H.  C N. 

DE  KEMPLEN'S  AUTOMATON  CHESS- 
PLAYER (12  S.  x.  72,  113).— There  is  a  full 
account  of  this  invention,  with  diagrams 
showing  how  the  living  player  was  con- 
cealed, in  chap.  vi.  of  Tomlinson's  '  Chess,' 
published  1845.  G.  A.  ANDERSON. 


I  remember  years  ago  reading  an  account  of 
this  automaton  playing  chess  with  Napoleon, 
who,  to  test  its  knowledge  of  the  game,  made 
three  false  moves.  On  the  first  occasion  the 
figure  replaced  the  piece  wrongly  moved 
and  made,  its  own  move ;  on  the  second  it 
removed  .the  offending  piece  from  the  board  ; 
and  on  the  third  it  swept  off  the  pieces 
and  refused  to  continue  the  game.  I  am 
sorry  that  I  cannot  recall  the  source  of  thi& 
amusing  story,  still  less  express  any  opinion 
as  to  its  truth.  I  rather  think — but  cannot 
be  at  all  certain — that  it  was  in  a  magazine 
for  boys  in  the  mid-seventies. 

I  certainly  saw  an  automaton  chess-player 
at  the  Crystal  Palace  a  little  before  the  date 
mentioned  by  your  correspondent.  It  was 
a  figure  of  a  Turk  sitting  on  a  large  ottoman, 
smoking  a  "  hookah,"  the  cord  of  which 
looked  as  if  it  might  have  been  the  means  of 
electric  communication.  As  far  as  I  know 
the  secret  was  never  discovered.  But  one 
thing  that  I  saw  tended  to  support  the 
"  hidden  director "  theory.  The  figure 
nodded  twice  for  "  check  "  and  three  times 
for  "  mate."  I  saw  it  give  check  and  nod 
twice.  While  its  opponent  was  considering 
his  move,  a  bystander  remarked  "  It  is- 
mate " — as  it  was.  The  figure  at  once 
nodded  a  third  time  ! 

BARTON  R.  A.  MILLS. 

I  thank  your  correspondents  for  interesting 
replies  and  gladly  adopt  L.  L.  K.'s  correct 
spelling  of  the  name.  The  B.M.  catalogue 
does  not  advance  the  study  of  the  subject, 
but  two  illuminating  notes  by  C.  Babbage 
occur  in  a  copy  of  a  French  edition  of  No.  1 
of  'Inanimate  Reason,'  published  at  Basle 
"  chez  I'Editeur,"  1783. 

March  6,  1819. — I  went  this  evening  to  Spring 
Gardens  to  see  the  automaton  play  chess.  He  won 
the  game.  The  movement  of  his  hand  and  arm 
is  not  elegant  and  not  so  good  as  many  of  Merlin's 
figures.  The  interior  appears  large  enough  for  a 
boy  and  is  lined  with  green  baize.  The  man  who 
exhibits  it  stands  close  to  it,  sometimes  on  one 
sometimes  on  the  other  side.  Very  near  behind 
was  a  tent  containing  the  figure  of  a  trumpeter  who 

Slayed  two   marches  after  the   chess-player  had 
nished.     The  automaton  played  very  well  and 
had  a  very  excellent  game  in  the  opening.     He 
gave  check-mate  by  Phi  liter's  legacy. 

Feb.  12,  -atdy,  1820. — Played  with  the  auto- 
maton in  St.  James  Street.  He  gave  pawn  and 
the  move.  Automaton  won  in  about  an  hour. 
He  played  very  cautiously— ^a  trap  door  in  the 
floor  of  the  room  was  very  evident  just  behind  the 
figure. 

These  notes  are  written  on  pp.  1  and  3  of 
an  inserted  piece  of  paper,  on  p.  2  of  which 
is  recorded  one  o£  the  games  played.. 


156 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [i2S.x.  FEB.  25,1922. 


•presumably  at  the  first  date.  A  handbill  of 
this  exhibition  at  No.  4,  Spring  Gardens, 
advertises  the  automaton  chess-player  and 
"  The  Automaton  Trumpeter  of  John  Maelzel 
of  Vienna."  This  handbill  is  c.  1819/20. 
Your  correspondent  MB.  A.  S.  E.  ACKEB- 
MANN  can  be  assured  that  this  is  the 
earliest  example  ;  its  later  replicas  had  a  con- 
cealed boy  or  dwarf  as  skilled  player  and 
were  not  entirely  automata  as  they  professed 
to  be.  ALECK  ABBAHAMS. 

THE  ABMS  OF  LEEDS  (12  S.  ix.  507  ;  x.  56. 
72,  115).' — Although  Leeds  is  honoured  by 
having  &  Duke  and  a  Lord  Mayor,  an 
esquire's  helmet  only  adorns  its  coat  of  arms. 
The  Kings-of-Arms  have  confirmed  and 
assigned  the  supporters  and  crest  as  fol- 
lows : — 

On  a  wreath  of  the  colours  or  and,  azure  an  owl 
proper  as  the  same  is  in  the  margin  hereof  more 
plainly  depicted. 

On  either  side,  an  owl  proper  crowned  or,  as  the 
same  are  in  the  margin  hereof  also  more  plainly 
depicted,  the  whole  to  be  borne  and  used  for  ever 
hereafter  by  the  Lord  Mayor,  Aldermen  and 
Citizens  of  the  City  of  Leeds  and  their  successors, 
in  their  corporate  capacity,  on  seals,  shields  or 
otherwise,  according  to  the  Laws  of  Arms. 

The  helm  and  shield  are  only  depicted  in 
the  blazon  in  the  margin.  The  silver  S  a  vile 
owls  have  been  changed  to  their  natural 
colour  and  the  Danby  rowels  have  been 
changed  to  unpierced  mullets,  quite  un- 
necessarily, and  have  lost  their  historic 
-connexion. 

What  are  the  laws  of  arms  ?  If  the  con- 
firmation and  assignment  are  not  in  accor- 
dance with  them,  are  they  valid  and  effec- 
tual ?  Would  not  the  crest  be  more  properly 
described  as  a  badge  ? 

The  Yorkshire  Weekly  Post  of  Jan.  14  con- 
tains a  photographic  reproduction  of  the 
arms.  .  G.  D.  LUMB. 

Leeds. 

LAND  MEASTJBEMENT  TEBMS  (12  S.  x.  48, 
96). — I  suggest  that  bidale  or  bidle  is  a 
modification  of  pightle.  I  have  heard  this 
word  pronounced  "  piddle."  Halliwell  gives 
for  it :  "A  small  meadow ;  any  small  enclosed 
piece  of  land."  I  have  heard  it  suggested 
that  its  derivation  is  "  pittike."  A.  D.  T. 

THE  "  CHEVALIEB  SCHAUB  "  (12  S.  x.  110) 
with  whom  King  Stanislaus  stayed  in  1754 
was  probably  Sir  Luke  Schaub,  whose  wife  (a 
Frenchwoman)  when  saying  with  Lady 
'Cobham  at  the  Mansion"  House  in  Stoke 
Pogis  in  1750  paid  a  call  on  the  poet  Gray, 
-which  led  to  his  writing  the  '  Long  Story.' 


Mr.  Tovey,  in  annotating  the  poem,  says  that 
Sir  Luke  Schaub  is  described  by  Cunning- 
ham as  "  a  kind  of  Will  Chiffinch  (see  Scott's 
'  Peveril  of  the  Peak,'  passim]  to  George  I. 
and  much  in  the  favour  of  George  II.  He 
had  several  pensions  from  both  kings  for 
confidential  services  abroad  and  at  home." 
Mr.  Tovey  adds  that  Sir  Luke  died  in  1758. 
G.  C.  MOOBE  SMITH. 

KANGABOO  COOKE  (12  S.  x.  94). — BUR- 
DOCK omits  the  final  "  e  "  in  his  name.  He 
was  Major- General  Henry  Frederick  Cooke, 
C.B.  and  K.C.H.,  commonly  called  "  Kang- 
Cooke,"  and  a  portrait  of  him  under  that 
sobriquet  is  to  be  found  in  Dighton's  carica- 
tures. About  the  year  1812  he  was  a  Cap- 
tain and  Lieut. -Colonel  in  the  Coldstreams 
and  A.D.C.  to  the  Duke  of  York.  Various 
rumours  were  in  circulation  as  to  the  genesis 
of  his  nom  de  plume,  Kangaroo.  One  was 
that  he  let  loose  a  cageful  of  these  animals 
at  Pidcock's  menagerie  ;  another,  that  on 
being  asked  by  the  Duke  of  York  how  he 
fared  in  the  Peninsula,  he  replied  that  he 
could  "  get  nothing  to  eat  but  kangaroo." 
He  died  at  Harefield  Park  on  March  10,  1837. 
He  was  the  last  surviving  brother  of  Lieut. - 
General  Sir  George  Cooke,  K.C.B.,  who  lost 
an  arm  at  Waterloo,  where  he  commanded  a 
division. 

In  some  verses  written  by  Lord  Brskine  to 
commemorate  a  dinner  he  gave  at  Oatlands, 
and  his  guests,  on  Dec.   31,   1812,  he  thus 
alludes  to  Cooke  : — 
Next  to  Lewis  there  sat,  would  you  wish  to  know 

who  ? 

I  will  tell  you — my  worthy  good  friend  Kangaroo. 
He  who  goes  by  a  name  by  parents  not  given 
Depend  on't  'tis  one  highly  favoured  by  Heaven  ; 
The  friend  whom  we  love  we  mould  at  our  pleasure 
And  count  on  his  temper  the  best  of  all  treasure  ; 
Since  in  spite  of  the  misanthrope's  sullen  pretence, 
Good  nature  is  still  the  Companion  of  Sense. 
Thus  take  the  world  o'er,  you  will  find  very  few 
Who  have  more  of  sound  brains  than  this  same 

Kangaroo  ; 

And  as  for  his  person,  his  breeding,  and  taste, 
They  speak  for  themselves  so  I  pass  on  in  haste. 

WlLLOUGHBY   MAYCOCK. 

HEBALDIC  MOTTOES  (12  S.  x.  110).- — 
'  Historic  Devices,  Badges  and  War-cries,' 
by  the  late  Mrs.  Bury  Palliser  (pub.  Sampson 
Low,  Fleet  Street,  1870),  which  is  fully 
illustrated,  will  meet  with  all  your  corre- 
spondent's requirements. 

CONSTANCE    RUSSELL. 

Swallowfield  Park,  Reading. 

MB.  SOULBY  will  find  '  A  Hand -Book  of 
Mottoes,'  by  C.  H.  Elvin  (1860),  answers 


12  S.  X.  FEB.  25,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


157 


liis  query.  This  could  be  much  enlarged 
were  a  new  edition  published.  Another 
Jhelpful  book  is  '  Dictionary  of  Foreign 
Phrases  and  Classical  Quotations,'  by  H.  P. 
Jones  (1913).  R.  E.  THOMAS. 

The  following  two  books  will  be  found 
useful:  'A  Hand-Book  of  Mottoes,'  by 
€.  N.  Elvin,  M.A.  (Bell  and  Daldy,  1860)  ; 
'  Morals  of  Mottoes  '  by  Samuel  B.  James, 
M.A.,  Vicar  of  Northampton  (Religious 
'Tract  Society,  n.d.,  but  about  1874). 

J.  DE  BERNIERE  SMITH. 

'LA  SANTA  PARENTELA  '  (12  S.  x.  107). 
—There  are  many  mutually  destructive 
legends  relating  to  St.  Anne  ;  but  according 
to  John  Eck  (1483-1543),  professor  in  the 
University  of  Ingoldstadt,  her  first  marriage 
was  to  St.  Joachim,  by  whom  she  became 
mother  of  Our  Lady  ;  her  second  to  Cleophas, 
by  whom  she  became  mother  of  Mary 
Cleophae  (wife  of  Alphaeus  and  mother  of 
the  Apostles  James  the  Less,  Simon  and 
Jude,  and  of  Joseph  the  Just)  ;  and  the  third 
to  Salomas,  to  whom  she  bore  Mary  Salomae 
(wife  of  Zebedee  and  mother  of  the  Apostles 
John  and  James  the  Greater). 

Others  identify  Alphaeus  and  Cleophas  ;  I 
Hegesippus  says  that  Clopas  was  a  ' 
brother  of  St.  Joseph.  Myself,  and  probably 
other  correspondents  to  '  N.  &  Q.,'  would 
be  obliged  if  GENERAL  LAMBARDE  would  give 
us  a  fuller  account  of  his  miniature  and  of  the 
two  pictures  of  the  Flemish  school  in  the 
Cologne  Museum,  of  which  Baedeker's 
*  Rhine  '  gives  no  notice.  Baedeker  does, 
however,  cell  attention  to  a  triptych  by  the 
'  Master  of  the  Holy  Relationship.' 

The  various  Biblical  dictionaries  do  not 
help  much.  Some  of  the  legends  relating  to 
St.  Anne  give  the  names  of  her  father  and 
mother,  and  also  of  St.  Joachim's  father  and 
mother,  but  these  vary.  Probably,  however, 
the  grandparents  of  Our  Lord  were  included 
La  Santa  Parentela.' 

JOHN  B.  WAESrEWRIGHT. 


n 


DERIVATION  OF  CHINKWELL  (12  S.  x.  93). 
—  Probably  this  was  Chingwell,  like  Ching- 
ford,  the  g  being  changed  to  k,  forming  a 
better-known  word,  like  "  Inkpen,"  which 
-was  no  doubt  '  '  Ingpen.  '  '  In  Domesday  Book 
there  are  mentioned  some  30  "  Chings  " 
or  "  Cings,"  besides  various  "  Ings." 
Most  of  the  "  Ings  "  and  "  Chings,"  &c., 
were  near  Roman  roads,  and  probably 
tribes  or  families  settled  at  these  places  in 
Roman  times.  A.  M.  C. 


Your  correspondent,  in  suggesting  that 
Chinkwell  may  be  "the  same  as  Chigwell," 
may  have  remembered  that  Chingford 
is  within  three  or  four  miles  of  the 
latter.  And  whet  about  Chignall  St.  James 
and  Chignall  Smealy  and  Chignal  Hall 
(the  variation  of  spelling  is  Bartholomew's), 
six  or  seven  miles  north-west,  of  Chehruford  ? 

My  people  have  a  "breeches  Bible,"  with 
many  entries  of  Chignells  (who  occasionally 
spelt  themselves  with  a  "w")  who  were 
born  and  married  and  buried  in  end  ebout 
Colchester  between  three  and  two  hundred 
years  ago.  They  were  Huguenots,  and  my 
old  father  in,  ists  that  they  came  from 
Chuignolles,  a  little  way  south  of  Bray  (but 
I  half  suspect  he  invented  this  while  dili- 
gently studying  the  map  round  about  Albert 
while  the  war  was  on  !). 

These  similarities  may  not  help  to  solve 
the  query  about  Chinkwell,  or  deserve 
further  discussion  in  your  columns  ;  but  if 
any  of  your  correspondents  can  tell  me  more 
about  any  of  these  names  I  shall  be  grateful 
if  I  may  hear  from  them. 

(REV.)  A.  K.  CHIGNELL. 

Charterhouse,  Hull,  E.  Yorks. 

SAMUEL  HABTLIB  (12  S.  x.  110). — The 
latest  and  fullest  account  is  found  in  Dr. 
TurnbulTs  pamphlet  '  Samuel  Hartlib  '  (Ox- 
ford, 1920).  From  this  we  learn  that  1628 
was  probably  the  year  of  Hartlib's  arrival 
in  England.  A  letter  dated  Sept.  1  of  that 
year  is  addressed  to  him  at  "a  merchant 
neere  Dukes  place  [Aldgate]  in  London  "  ; 
another  dated  Dec.  13  "at  his  lodginge  in 
Christchurch  lane."  He  was  married  at 
St.  Dionis  Backchurch  on  Jan.  20,  1629 
(n.s.),  and  a  letter  dated  May  1  (presumably 
1629)  is  addressed  to  him  "  at  Dalston  neere 
Kingsland  "  (pp.  7,  8) : — 

When  he  left  this  house  is  not  certain,  but  it 
seems  that  he  was  settled  in  a  house  in  Duke's 
Place,  London,  as  early  as  June  18th,  1638. 
The  date  of  his  removal  to  "  Charing  Cross,  over 
against  Angel  Court,"  is  also  uncertain,  but  he 
was  already  there  on  May  2nd,  1651.  Thence  be 
removed  to  a  house  in  Axe  Yard,  Westminster, 
apparently  in  1658,  for  a  letter  to  Boyle  of 
December  16th  of  that  year  mentions  his  new 
house,  and  subsequent  letters  bear  the  address 
"  Axe-yard."  Here  he  remained  in  all  probability 
until  his  death  in  1662  (p.  42). 

Hartlib  died  on  Monday,  March  10,  and 
was  buried  at  the  church  of  St.  Martin-in- 
the-Fields  (p.  72).  DAVID  SALMON. 

Swansea. 

MB.  LAURANCE  M.  WULCKO  would  find  a 
good  deal  of  information  about  Hartlib  in  Mr. 


158 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [i2s.x.FEB.25,i922. 


Donald  McDonald's  fine  book,  '  Agricultural 
Writers  from  Sir  Walter  of  Henley  to  Artjiur 
Young '  (published  in  1908  at  the  offices  of 
The  Field,  Windsor  House,  Bream's  Build- 
ings, E.G. 4).  Mr.  McDonald  studies  his 
works  rather  than  his  life  history,  but  a 
certain  amount  of  biographical  detail 
emerges,  as  also  the  fact  that  ' '  '  A  Bio- 
graphical Memoir  of  Samuel  Hart  lib,' 
written  by  Mr.  Henry  Dircks  of  Blackheath, 
was  published  in  London  by  Russell  Smith  " 
in  1865.  Apparently,  however,  neither  the 
place  nor  date  of  Hartlib's  death  is  known. 
H.  T.  SHEBINGHAM. 
St.  Michaels,  Eynsham,  Oxon. 

MRS.  GOBDON,  NOVELIST  (12  S.  vi.  38, 
93). — Some  light  is  thrown  on  the  puzzling 
identity  of  this  lady  by  the  dedication  of 
'  Castles  near  Kreuznach,'  written  by  Janet 
Robertson,  and  published  by  Williams  and 
Norgate,  1856:— 

To  Mrs.  Gordon,  author  of  '  King's  Connell,' 
&c.,  to  whom  these  sketches  were  originally, 
addressed,  this  little  work,  in  which  they  are 
collected,  is  inscribed  by  her  attached  relative, 
the  author. 

Miss  Robertson  wrote  '  Affinities  of 
Foreigners'  in  1850  and  '  Lights  and  Shades 
on  a  Traveller's  Path '  in  1851.  Some 
reader  may  be  able  to  identify  her. 

J.  M.  BULLOCH. 

37,  Bedford  Square,  W.C. 

GENERAL  NICHOLSON'S  BIRTHPLACE  ( 12  S.  x. 
109.) — Nicholson's  father  was  a  Dublin  physi- 
cian of  note,  who  at  the  time  of  his  son's 
birth,  December,  1821,  lived  in  Moore  Street, 
Dublin.  When  the  father  died  in  1829  the 
widow  and  her  children  went  to  reside  in 
Lisburn.  It  is  somewhere  stated  that  John 
Nicholson  was  born  at  Vergemount  in  the 
parish  of  Donnybrook.  I  am  interested  in 
old  Donnybrook  worthies  and  should  be 
obliged  for  any  information.  - 

Unfortunately  the  Parish  Register  for  that 
period  has  been  missing  for  half  a  century. 
DAVID  F.  R.  WILSON. 

St.  Mary's,  Donnybrook. 

EWEN  :  COAT  OF  ARMS  (12  S.  x.  94). — 
MR.  C.  L.  EWEN  may  be  interested  to 
know  that  though  Herne,  Essex,  is  appa- 
rently too  small  to  appear  even  in  the  '  Post 
Office  Guide,'  it  is  mentioned  in  Sir  Henry 
Spelman's  '  Villare  Anglicum,'  2nd  ed., 
1678,  "  Hern,  Essex,  Barnstable  h[un- 
dred],"  and  in  Stephen  Whatley's  '  Eng- 
land's Gazetteer,'  vol.  iii.,  1751,  "  Herne, 
Essex,  late  Sir  J.  Tyrrel's  seat,  near  Billeri- 
*cay."  The  manor  of  Billericay  had  been 


sold  to  this  family  by  Edward  VI.  Mr. 
Ewen  is  advised  to  communicate  with  the 
vicar  of  Billericay  with  regard  to  Herne 
church  and  any  souvenirs  there  may  still 
remain  of  the  Ewen  family  and  arms. 

HENRY  CURTIS. 

QUOTATIONS  IN  '  THE  TATLER  '  (12  S.  x. 
94). — "  Cum  tacent,  clamant "  is  from 
Cicero's  First  Speech  against  Catiline,  8,  2L 

In  the  line  which  is  apparently  quoted  from 
Farnaby's  '  Index  Rhetoricus '  Bombalio 
should  be  Bambalio  ( =  Stutterer ;  cf.  the 
Greek  /3a/z/3aXeti/),  the  name  given 
"  propter  haesitantiam  linguae  stuporemque 
cordis "  (Cicero,  '  Phil.'  iii.  6,  16)  to  the- 
M.  Fulvius  whose  daughter  was  the  wife  of 
Clodius  and  afterwards  of  Mark  Antony. 
The  line  seems  to  have  been  constructed 
by  a  grammarian  to  display  words  of 
onomatopoetic  origin.  Pope's  couplet, 
offered  as  an  English  equivalent  in  sound  in 
later  editions  of  The  Tatler,  is  taken  from  his 
Imitation  of  the  First  Satire  of  Horace's 
Second  Book,  lines  25,  26. 

EDWARD  BENSLY. 

THOMAS  EDWARDS,  LL.D.  (12  S.  ix.  511  ; 
x.  16). — Although  I  have  been  unable  to  give 
the  place  and  the  exact  date  of  this  person's 
birth,  I  find  that  he  was  brought  from 
Parsons  Green  to  Ellesborough,  Bucks,  to  be 
interred.  On  the  south  side  of  Ellesborough 
churchyard  is  a  large  stone  slab,  upwards  of 
two  yards  in  length  and  about  one  in  width, 
close  to  the  south  porch,  which  has  on  it  the 
following  inscription  : — 

Under  this  stone  are  deposited  |  the  Remains 
of  Thomas  Edwards  Esquire  |  of  Turrick  in  this 
Parish  |  where  he  spent  the  last  XVII  years  |  of 
a  studious  and  usefull  life.  |  He  was  sincere  and 
constant  in  the  Profession  |  and  Practice  of 
Christianity  |  without  Narrowness  or  Super- 
stition, |  steadily  attached  to  the  cause  of  Liberty,  f 
nor  less  an  enemy  |  to  Licentiousness  and  Fac- 
tion ;  |  in  his  Poetry  simple,  elegant,  pathetic  ;  | 
in  his  Criticism  exact,  acute,  temperate  ;  |  affec- 
tionate to  his  Relations,  |  cordial  to  his  Friends,  [ 
in  the  general  Commerce  of  life  obliging  and 
entertaining,  j  He  bore  a  tedious  and  painfull 
distemper  |  with  a  Patience,  which  could  only 
arise  |  from  a  habit  of  Virtue  and  Piety  ;  |  and 
quitted  this  life  |  with  the  decent  unconcern  of 
one  |  whose  hopes  are  firmly  fixed  on  a  better.  [ 
He  dyd  on  the  III  of  lanuary  MDCCLVII  aged 
LVIII  |  and  this  stone  is  inscribed  to  his  memory,  I 
with  the  truest  concern  and  gratitude,  |  by  his 
two  Nephews  and  Heirs,  |  Nathanael  Mason  and 
loseph  Paice.  | 

The  *  D.N.B.'  states  that  both  his  father 
and  grandfather  were  barristers. 

L.  H.  CHAMBERS. 

Bedford. 


12  S.  X.  FEB.  25,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


159 


MANGLES  (12  S.  ix.  354).— On  Sept.  14, 
1789,  the  Rev.  George  Mangles  was  ap- 
pointed one  of  the  Chaplains -in -Ordinary 
to  his  Royal  Highness  the  Prince  of  Wales. 
He  may  have  been  the  father  of  one  of  the 
boys  referred  to  as  having  been  admitted 
to  Westminster  School  in  1787  and  1810 
respectively. 

JAMES   SETON-ANDEBSON. 

39,  Carlisle  Road,  Hove,  Sussex. 

AUTHORS  WANTED  (12  S.  x.  ill). — 3.  My  copy 
of   the  lines  beginning  "  What  silences  we  keep 
year  after  year"   was  cut  out  of    a  newspaper 
about  20  years  ago.     There  is  no  author's  name 
attached.      The  title  is  '  Too  Late  !  '  and  in  the 
tenth  line  the  word  is  "  loneliness."     There  are 
also  other  six  lines  : — 
"  This  is  the  cruel  cross  of  life— to  be 
Full  visioned  only  when  the  ministry 
Of  death  has  been  fulfilled,  and  in  the  place 
Of  some  dear  presence  is  but  empty  space. 
What  recollected  services  can  then 
Give  consolation  for  the  '  might  have  been  '  ?  " 

W.  E.  WILSON. 
Ha  wick. 

(12  S.  x.  94.) 

The  late  Sister  Xavier  (of  the  Convent,  Liver- 
pool ?)  was  the  author  of  '  Just  for  to-day,' 
the  correct  version  of  which  will  be  found  in 
the  *  Westminster  Hymnal '  and  other  collec- 
tions of  Catholic  hymns.  Other  versions  have 
been  adapted  by  other  denominations,  who  have, 
in  some  cases,  taken  great  liberties  with  the 
hymn — altering  the  teaching  and  missing  out 
the  verses  dealing  with  purgatory,  supreme 
unction  and  sacramental  teaching. 

J.  FAIRFAX-BLAKEBOROUGH. 

Grove  House,   Norton-on-Tees. 


JSote*  on  JSoofe*. 


The  Grey  Friars  of  Chester.     By  J.  H.  E.  Bennett. 

From     the     Chester     Archaeological     Society's 

Journal. 

THE  Grey  Friars  came  to  Chester  in  the  reign  of 
Henry  III.  The  Black  Friars  had  preceded  them 
and  seem  to  have  seen  their  arrival  with  un- 
favourable eyes.  Alexander  de  Stavensby,  bishop 
of  Coventry  and  Licb  field,  to  whose  diocese 
Chester  then  belonged,  received  from  Robert 
Grosseteste,  always  the  friend  of  Franciscans,  a 
letter  of  remonstrance  and  appeal  on  their  behalf, 
which  yet  remains  to  us.  In  1240  Henry  sent  an 
injunction  to  the  "  Custodes  "  of  Chester  to  be 
serviceable  to  the  Friars  Minors  in  the  building 
of  a  house  in  Chester,  and  from  that  date  their 
permanent  establishment  in  the  city  was  assured. 
Three  grants  in  the  years  1245  and  1246  show  us 
that  the  settlement  was  not  yet  complete  :  they 
wanted  the  removal  of  a  lane  which  disturbed 
their  peace  ;  and  stone  from  the  fosse  of  Chester 
Castle  for  their  building,  and  a  door  pierced  for 
them  in  Chester  wall  to  enable  them  the  more 


conveniently  to  bring  in  stone  and  wood.  The 
site  allotted  to  them  was  close  under  the  city  wall 
by  the  Water  Gate,  north  of  Watergate  Street, 
and  west  of  Linen  Hall  Street.  For  three  hundred 
years  they  lived  there,  and  departed  at  the  Disso- 
lution, leaving  little  trace  behind  them.  What 
we  know  of  their  history  is  very  largely  comprised 
in  the  record  of  gifts  and  bequests  made  to  them. 
In  1331  the  King  gave  them  permission  to  grind 
their  own  corn  and  malt.  In  1 392  two  of  the  friars 
were  imprisoned  for  having  too  briskly  taken 
possession  of  gold  and  silver  goods,  probably  left 
them  as  a  legacy,  when  the  testator's  estate  was 
indebted  to  the  Crown.  Richard  II.  pardoned 
them.  The  Franciscans,  it  may  be  noted,  were 
staunch  friends  to  Richard.  Later  on,  they 
took  the  Yorkist  side.  When  the  Dissolution  came 
this  Chester  house  was  in  no  very  flourishing 
state.  But  seven  brethren  were  dwelling  there 
and  the  plea  of  poverty,  with  which  the  surrender 
of  a  religious  house  was  usually  bound  up,  came 
here  not  very  far  from  the  truth,  as  may  be  seen 
by  the  inventory  of  their  goods.  William  Wall, 
the  Warden,  who  took  his  degree  of  Doctor  of 
Divinity  at  Oxford  in  1516  or  1518,  had  an 
interesting  but  not  wholly  admirable  career 
after  his  expulsion  from  the  convent.  He  became 
a  prebendary  of  Chester  Cathedral,  and  conformed 
and  reconformed  as  religion  in  England  changed. 
Just  before  the  Dissolution  he  had  been  active 
in  building  a  conduit  at  Boughton  for  conveying 
water  from  the  springs  in  that  neighbourhood  to 
the  city.  When  the  Grey  Friars  were  gone  the 
site  and  the  buildings  they  had  occupied  were 
delivered  to  one  Richard  Hough,  a  connexion 
of  Cromwell's,  and  from  him  they  passed  succes- 
sively into  the  hands  of  Cocks,  Dutton,  War- 
burton  and  Stanley.  The  church  was  transformed 
into  dwelling-houses.  Towards  the  end  of  the 
eighteenth  century  a  body  of  Irish  linen  mer- 
chants acquired  the  property  and  erected  their 
Linen  Hall  upon  it. 

A  few  relics,  mostly  in  the  shape  of  tiles  and 
grotesque  carvings,  yet  remain,  together  with 
an  impression  of  the  conventual  seal  attached 
to  a  deed  granting  part  of  the  friary  church  to 
merchants  and  sailors  of  the  city.  Excavations 
have  brought  to  light  some  part  of  the  founda- 
tions of  the  church  and  other  buildings  :  while 
the  inventory  taken  at  the  Dissolution  and  a 
deposition  taken  in  a  dispute  as  to  the  right  to 
bear  certain  arms  supply  some  details  as  to  the 
interior. 

Mr.  Bennett  has  collected  and  arranged  his 
material  with  admirable  care  and  skill.  He  has 
neglected  no  line  of  research,  and  puts  his  readers 
into  complete  possession  of  what  he  has  found. 
The  record  is  somewhat  meagre,  nor  does  it  present 
unusual  features  :  but  it  has  its  rightful  place  in 
the  history  of  English  Church  life  and,  thanks 
to  this  monograph,  fills  that  place  in  some  suffi- 
cient clearness  and  relief.  The  undistinguished 
constitutes  the  most  important  part  of  history 
after  all. 

A   New   English   Dictionary   on   Historical   Prin- 
ciples.    Vol.  x.  (TI. — Z)  X— ZYXT.     By  C.  T. 
Onions.     (Clarendon  Press.      10s.  net.) 
ALTHOUGH  the  Great  Dictionary  still  lacks  a  few 
sections    belonging   to    the    later    letters    of    the 
alphabet,  the  final  section  is  now  before  us.     It  is 


160 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [i2S.x.FBB.25,i922. 


difficult,  looking  at  these  pages,  to  refrain  from 
a  repetition  of  what  has  so  often  been  said  before — 
and  it  will  fall  to  be  said  again  when,  in  fact,  the 
work  is  complete — about  the  magnitude  of  this 
undertaking  and  the  varied  merit  of  the  achieve- 
ment. Perhaps  it  would  hardly  be  rash  to  say 
that  there  has  never  been  any  one  enterprise  to 
which  so  vast  a  number  of  human  beings  has 
contributed — that  is,  if  we  except  the  Great  War. 
More  than  a  thousand  years  speak  to  us  from  its 
columns,  and  so  many  decades  have  passed  since 
the  first  volumes  were  published — decades  fairly 
rich  in  newly  developed  vocabulary — that  the 
question  of  supplements  already  arouses  interest. 

The  last  word  of  the  Dictionary  is  zyxt,  an 
obsolete  Kentish  form  for  "  seeest."  The  letter 
Z  comprises  a  most  interesting  and  varied  voca- 
bulary drawn  from  many  sources — Greek  (both 
directly  and  through  the  Latin),  the  Romance 
languages,  Semitic  languages,  modern  German, 
Slavonic,  African  and  some  others.  The  first 
use  of  zero  to  denote  the  point  or  line  on  a 
graduated  scale  whence  the  reckoning  begins 
is  referred  to  1795 ;  the  military  zero-hour — 
denoting  the  hour  at  which  an  operation  is  timed 
to  begin — seems  to  be  a  mid-war  invention  :  the 
expressions  zero-mark  and  zero-post  are  illustrated 
by  quotations,  from  The  Times  and  The  Daily 
Chronicle  respectively,  which  appeared  within 
eight  days  of  one  another  and  relate  to  the  same 
subject — Tyburn-gate.  Are  the  words  to  be 
considered  as  established  terms  for  the  mark 
from  which  distances  along  a  road  are  measured  ? 
Zest  has  furnished  a  delightful  article.  The 
original  meaning,  according  to  Cotgrave,  is 
"  the  thicke  skin,  or  filme  whereby  the  kernell  of  I 
a  wall-nut  is  divided,"  and,  with  this,  orange  or  ! 
lemon  peel.  All  the  instances  of  this  first  sense 
refer  to  lemons  or  oranges,  and  belong  chiefly  to 
the  eighteenth  century.  It  is  interesting  to  find 
a  modern  writer,  after  a  gap  of  over  a  hundred 
years,  reviving  the  word  and  speaking  of  the 
"  zest  "  of  oranges.  Under  Zeuxis,  the  well-known 
story  should  surely  have  furnished  one  of  the 
quotations.  Zoological  appears  first  in  1815  ;  and 
the  gardens  of  the  society  of  that  name  in  Regent's 
Park  were  first  known  colloquially  as  "  the  Zoo- 
logical "  ;  the  first  example  of  "  the  Zoo  "  is  taken 
from  Macaulay  (1847).  The  words  derived  from 
£o>irj  and  £$ov,  and  the  history  and  literature 
gathered,  let  us  say,  about  Zamzummim,  zecchin, 
zenith,  Zeppelin,  Zend-avesta,  zephyr,  zone,  are  more 
than  enough  to  rebut  Kent's  hasty  reproach  to 
zed  as  being  an  "  unnecessary  letter." 

Y  is  not  a  letter  which  would  stand  high  in  a 
table  of  frequency,  yet  it  comprises  a  goodly 
number  of  delightful  old  words  still  in  ordinary 
use  largely  monosyllabic — picturesque  words  be- 
longing to  primary  things  and  actions  and  onoma- 
topoeic words.  The  great  mass  of  these  is  English, 
and  with  them  must  be  taken  the  numerous  com- 
pounds formed  with  the  prefix  y-,  a  great  number 
of  which  have  here  been  included  among  the 
main  entries  without  perhaps  quite  sufficient 
reason.  The  articles  on  y-  prefix  and  -y  suffix 
are  of  the  highest  interest  and  excellently  worked 
out.  In  fact  the  whole  of  this  letter,  which  both 
in  etymology  and  history  presents  material  of  a 
specially  engaging  character,  has  been  dealt  with 
•  as  it  deserves  and  may  take  rank  with  the  best 
work  in  the  Dictionary.  As  examples — and  these 


are  taken  at  random  from  a  larger  number,  other 
members  of  which  would  have  served  equally  well — 
we  may  mention  ye,  you,  and  your  ;  yield  (was  the 
classic  example  purposely  omitted  ?)  ;  yesterday  ; 
yoke  ;  and  yellow. 

The  letter  X  calls  for  little  comment.  We 
should,  though,  have  supposed  that  Xantippe  was 
quite  as  generally  familiar  as  xylonite. 

A  Manual  of  French.  By  H.  J.  Chaytor.  (Cam- 
bridge University  Press.  4s.  net.) 
WE  have  often  thought  that  the  hesitating  be- 
ginner undergoes  much  unnecessary  trepidation 
and  sense  of  difficulty  in  acquiring  a  language  ; 
and  that  this  arises  largely  from  his  being  occupied 
with  learning  grammar  before  he  can  read  with 
any  comfort.  Generalizations  in  an  absence  of 
particulars  elude  the  struggling  memory  as  a 
wraith,  visible  to  the  eye,  eludes  the  hand.  Mr. 
Chaytor  recognizes  this.  He  has  reduced  grammar 
to  a  minimum  ;  but  to  a  sufficient  minimum  ;  and 
he  makes  the  main  body  of  his  work  out  of  extracts 
for  translation,  to  which  the  English  is  supplied — 
interlineally  or  at  the  bottom  of  the  page — 
except  for  a  few  passages  at  the  end.  The  ex- 
tracts are  striking  passages  from  great  writers — 
some  thirty  of  them — each  for  its  own  sake  wrell 
worth  thoroughly  knowing.  A  few  notes,  ad- 
mirably brief,  clear  and  well  chosen,  elucidate 
occasional  peculiarities  or  difficulties.  It  is 
possible  here  and  there  to  pick  a  hole  in  the  trans- 
lation— but  only  here  and  there.  In  general  it 
gives  the  force  of  the  French  even  surprisingly 
well  considering  that  it  is  intended  to  be  in  some 
degree  literal  even  in  the  more  advanced  pieces. 
Any  one  who  has  thoroughly  mastered  this  book 
(and  it  is  addressed  to  the  beginner  who  knows 
nothing  at  all  of  French)  will  have  won  for  himself 
a  solid  grasp  of  real  French,  and  that  by  means  of 
exceedingly  pleasurable  study. 


J?ottces  to  Corretfponfcenfcl 

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NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


161 


LONDON,  MARCH  4.  1922. 


CONTENTS.— No.   203. 

NOTES  : — Josuah  Sylvester  and  Southampton,  161— Casanova 
in  England,  163— Principal  London  Coffee-houses.  Taverns 
and  Inns  in  the  Eighteenth  Century.  164— The  Crown  Inn, 
Shipton-under-Wychwood.  Oxon — Early  Domestic  Use  of 
Electric  Light— John  KendaE,  166— Emerson  and  Dr.  John- 
son—St.  Dunstan'a,  Regents  Park,  167. 

QUERIES  :— Temporary  Fords  :  "  Sand  "— "  Sowmoys."  167 
— The  "  Hand  and  Pen  " — Nicholas  Billiard— "  The  ball 
and  mouth  "— "  The  Parler  within  the  Manor  Place" — "  Self- 
Help  " — Addi son's  '  Spectator  ' — Henry  Siddons — Francis 
Redfern— Refusal  to  kotow— Cadby.  168 — Nigger  Minstrelsy 
— '  The  Marrying  Man  ' — Col.  Gordon,  RE.,  in  the  Crimea — 
"  Eucephus  "  as  a  Christian  Name — W.  G.  A.  Fltzbarding — 
Descendants  of  Richard  Penderell— Historical  Copper-plates 
— The  Expression  "  Up  to,"  169 — Colonel  Montresor  of 
Belmont.  Co.  Kent— Use  of  "  at "  or  "  in  "  with  Place- 
names—'  The  Compleat  Collier  '—Devonshire  MSS. — Bretel 
—Epitaph  in  Tetbury  Church.  Glos.— £1.000  in  1653  : 
Present-day  Equivalent — Author  wanted.  170. 

REPLIES  :— De  Kempelen's  Automaton  Chess-player,  170 — 
The  English  "  h  "  :  Celtic.  Latin,  and  German  Influences — 
Erghum,  172— Inference  as  to  Date  of  Birth — General 
Nicholson's  Birthplace — Pseudo-titles  for  "  Dummy " 
Books,  173 — "  Anglica  [or  Rustical  gens  " — "  Satan  reproving 
Sin"— House  Bells,  174— The  Pillow  (Pilau)  Club— Com- 
monwealth Marriages  and  Burials— Edward  Capern — The 
Royal  Society  and  Freemasonry — Pictures  in  the  Hermitage 
at  Petrograd.  175— Eighteenth- century  Poets.  176 — '  The 
Ingoldsby  Legends.'  177 — Naming  of  Public  Rooms  in  Inns 
— Nevin  Family— British  Settlers  in  America — Poem  of  the 
Sixties  wanted.  178. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :— '  Alumni  Cantabrigienses  '— '  Measure 
for  Measure.' 


Notices  to  Correspondents. 


JOSUAH  SYLVESTER  AND 
SOUTHAMPTON. 

THE  poet  Josuah  Sylvester  (1563-1618), 
translator  of  Du  Bartas's  'Deuine  Wc-ekes 
and  Workes,'  and  towards  the  end  of  his 
life  one  of  the  most  popular  poets  of  the 
day,  was  the  son  of  Robert  Sylvester,  a 
clothier,  who  had  married  a  daughter  of 
John  Plumbe  of  Eltham,  in  Kent.  After 
the  death  of  both  his  parents  in  his  early 
childhood,  Josuah  was  brought  up  by  his 
mother's  brother,  William  Plumbe,  who 
also  lived  at  Eltham.  He  was  sent  to  the 
Free  Grammar  School  of  King  Edward  VI. 
at  Southampton,  of  which  the  headmaster 
was  at  that  time  the  distinguished  scholar 
Adrian  a  Saravia,  afterwards  Prebendary 
of  Canterbury  and  Westminster,  and  one 
of  the  translators  of  the  authorized  version 
of  the  Bible.  Two  references  to  his  school- 
days under  Saravia  occur  in  Sylvester's 
works,  one  in  the  '  Funerall  Elegie  '  on  the 


death  of  Mistress  Margarite  Hill  (wife  of 
Dr.  Robert  Hill  and  previously  wife  of 
Saravia),  and  the  other  in  the  later  dedica- 
tion (to  the  Earl  of  Southampton)  of  the 
'  Memorials  of  Mortalitie.' 

Most  of  these  facts  are  stated  in  the 
'  D.N.B.,'  and  also  in  Dr.  Grosart's  in- 
troductory memoir  prefixed  to  his  col- 
lected edition  of  Sylvester's  works.  They 
suggest  a  question  to  which  they  supply 
no  answer — why  was  the  boy  sent  from 
Eltham  to  the  Southampton  school,?  In 
my  efforts  to  recall  attention  to  the  famous 
old  boys  of  King  Edward's  School,  South- 
ampton, of  which  I  am  headmaster,  certain 
facts  have  come  to  light  which  furnish 
an  explanation,  and  moreover  are  in- 
teresting as  being  concerned  with  persons 
referred  to  in  the  poems.  I  think  that  they 
are  of  sufficient  importance  to  be  preserved. 

William  Plumbe  died  in  1593,  and  his 
will  makes  mention  of  his  "  good  brother 
and  freind  Mr  James  Parkynson."  This 
cannot  mean  that  Parkynson  was  a  brother 
of  William  Plumbe's  wife,  for  it  is  known 
that  Plumbe  married  first  Margaret  South- 
well, widow  of  Sir  Robert  Southwell  and 
daughter  of  Sir  Thomas  Nevil,  and  secondly 
Elizabeth  Gresham,  widow  of  John  Gresham 
and  daughter  of  Edward  Dormer.  Parkyn- 
son must  therefore  have  married  a  sister 
of  William  Plumbe. 

In  the  latter  part  of  the  sixteenth  century 
a  Captain  James  Parkinson  was  Constable 
of  the  Castle  of  Southampton,  and  Captain 
of  Calshot  Castle.  In  the  circumstances  it 
would  not  be  very  rash  to  surmise  that  he 
was  the  James  Parkinson  who  had  married 
Miss  Plumbe  ;  as  we  shall  see,  there  are 
other  pieces  of  evidence  which  place  the 
matter  beyond  reasonable  doubt. 

Though  Josuah  Sylvester  dedicated  most 
of  his  later  poems  to  royal  or  noble  patrons 
(or  such  as  he  hoped  would  become  so),  this 
was  not  the  case  with  the  earlier  ones.  His 
first  poem  was  published  in  1590-1,  and  in 
1592  he  dedicated  '  The  Triumph  of  Faith  ' 
to  his  uncle,  WTilliam  Plumbe.  Mr.  Plumbe 
died  a  few  months  later,  and  a  subsequent 
edition  of  the  poem  bore  an  inscription 
stating  that  ft  was  "  formerlie  dedicated 
and  now  for  ouer  consecrated  to  the  grate - 
full  Memorie  of  the  first  kinde  Fosterer  of 
our  tender  Muses,  my  never-sufficiently- 
Honoured  dear  Uncle,  W.  Plumbe,  Esq." 
Another  well-known  instance  of  his  dedi- 
cations to  relatives  or  connexions  is  the 
much  later  case  of  '  Auto-Machia,'  which 


162 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[12  S.  X.  MAR.  4,  1922. 


was  dedicated  first  to  one  and  afterwards  to 
another  member  of  the  Nevil  family  (to 
which  the  first  Mrs.  Plumbe  belonged). 
But  I  do  not  think  it  has  been  observed 
that  the  earliest  poem  of  all  is  another 
case  of  the  same  kind.  The  translation  of 
Du  Bartas's  *  Yvry  '  (1590-1)  was  dedicated 
to  "  Maister  James  Parkinson  and  Maister 
John  Caplin,  Esquires,  his  well-beloved 
friends,"  and  the  former  of  these  was,  as  we 
have  seen,  the  poet's  uncle. 

Now  in  this  dedication  Parkinson  is 
associated  with  John  Caplin,  and  the 
Capelins  were  one  of  the  most  prominent 
families  in  Southampton  at  this  time. 
A  John  Capelin  had  been  Mayor  of  South- 
ampton at  the  time  King  Edward  VI. 
School  was  founded  in  1553,  and  ten  years 
later  he  was  burgess  of  Parliament  for  the 
borough.  He  died  in  1570,  and  his  son,  also 
called  John  Capelin,  was  admitted  a  burgess 
of  the  town  in  the  same  year.  It  must  have 
been  this  younger  John  Capelin  with  whom 
James  Parkinson  was  associated  in  the 
dedication  of  Sylvester's  first  published 
poem. 

We  can  hardly  stop  at  this  point.  If 
Sylvester  dedicated  any  early  poems  to 
relatives,  the  first  of  all  was  scarcely  likely 
to  have  been  an  exception.  And  if  the  first 
was  dedicated  to  two  men,  of  about  the 
same  age,  of  whom  one,  as  we  now  know, 
was  an  uncle  of  the  poet,  it  is  very  probable 
that  the  other  was  an  uncle  also.  Other- 
wise, one  imagines  that  his  uncle  Parkinson 
would  have  had  the  dedication  to  himself. 
Thus  the  association  of  the  two  names  not 
only  makes  it  impossible  to  doubt  the  identity 
of  the  James  Parkynson  of  William  Plumbe's 
will  with  the  James  Parkinson  of  South- 
ampton, but  it  further  suggests  the  likeli- 
hood of  John  Capelin's  wife  having  been 
another  of  the  daughters  of  "John  Plumbe. 
If  that  were  so,  we  should  have  the  fol- 
lowing tree  : — 

John  Plumbe 

L 

William      a  daughter       a  daughter        a  daughter 
Plumbe        m.  Bobert         m.  Capt.  m.  John 

Sylvester  James  Capelin 

|  Parkinson 

JOSUAH  SYLVESTER 

The  conjecture  relating  to  John  Capelin 
still  waits  to  be  confirmed.  In  the  mean- 
time we  have  shown  that  the  poet  had  at 
least  one  uncle  living  in  Southampton,  even 
if  he  had  not  two. 

It  may  be  worth  while  to  give  a  few  more 


particulars  which  the  study  of  the  South- 
ampton records  has  elicited.  In  1643  a 
Captain  John  Parkinson  died  by  his  own 
hand,  and  in  consequence  his  estates  became 
forfeit  to  the  mayor  and  burgesses.  Papers 
relating  to  the  matter  are  preserved  among 
the  town  muniments.  One  of  them, '  Henry 
Capelin's  Release  to  Mr.  Parkinson  of  free 
Land  and  Garden,'  is  interesting  as  bringing 
together  again  the  two  names  of  Sylvester's 
dedication.  It  is  dated  Dec.  30,  1613, 
and  in  it  John  Parkinson  is  described  as 
"  brother  and  heir  of  James  Parkinson  gent 
deceased."  Taking  account  of  all  the  dates, 
it  would  seem  that  the  two  brothers  John 
and  James  were  sons  of  that  James  Par- 
kinson who  married  Miss  Plumbe,  and  so 
were  first  cousins  of  Josuah  Sylvester.  A 
reference  in  another  document  to  a  sum  of 
money  "  lent  by  Mr  Jon  Parkinson  for 
ye  payment  of  ye  garrisson  repayed  .  .  . 
oute  of  ye  Excise  Office,"  suggests  that  the 
connexion  with  the  Castle  of  Southampton 
had  been  .maintained.  Among  the  many 
bonds  forfeited  to  the  corporation  there 
are  almost  as  many  drawn  in  favour  of 
Bridgett  Parkinson  as  of  John,  so  that 
Bridgett  must  have  been  his  wife,  though  I 
found  no  document  in  which  she  was  so 
described.  She  was  evidently  possessed 
of  considerable  property,  and  this  agrees 
with  the  fact  that  in  1635  a  certain  Bridget 
Parkinson  gave  twenty  pounds  to  the  town 
of  Southampton  for  the  annual  benefit  of 
the  poor,  a  gift-  which  was  afterwards 
transferred  to  King  Edward  VI.  School. 

I  add  a  note  on  the  two  Nevils  to  whom 
Sylvester  dedicated  his  '  Auto-Machia,'  for 
it  appears  to  me  that  the  '  D.N.B.'  is 
mistaken  on  one  point.  The  dictionary 
states  that  the  poem  was  first  dedicated 
to  Lady  Mary  Nevil,  and  afterwards  to 
her  sister  Lady  Cecily.  I  think  that  Cecily 
was  the  daughter,  not  the  sister,  of  Mary. 
The  dedications  are  as  follows  : — 

In  1607,  "To  the  right  noble,  vertuous 
and  learned  lady,  the  Lady  Marie  Nevil." 

In  1615,  "To  the truely-honorable  Mistris 
Cecilie  Nevil." 

The  writer  in  the  '  D.N.B.'  appears  to 
have  misquoted  the  title  in  the  second 
case  ;  and  it  is  obvious  that  the  descrip- 
tion Mistris  Cecilie  is  not  in  favour  of  the 
sister -relationship,  for  Lady  Mary  Nevil 
was  a  daughter  of  the  Earl  of  Dorset. 
On  the  other  hand,  a  piece  of  positive 
evidence  for  the  daughter -relationship  arises 
out  of  Sylvester's  inveterate  habit  of  con- 


12  S.  X.  MAR.  4,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


163 


structing  anagrams  on  the  names  of  those 
to  whom  his  poems  were  dedicated.  The 
later  dedication  includes  a  eulogistic  sonnet 
on  the  virtues  of  Cecilie  Nevil,  describing 
her  as  the  richly  endowed  daughter  of 
Minerva  ;  and  the  significance  of  the  de- 
scription consists  in  the  fact  that  in  the 
earlier  dedication  Alia  Minerva  had  been 
the  anagram  on  the  name  Maria  Nevila. 

C.  F.  RUSSELL. 


CASANOVA  IN  ENGLAND. 

(8  S.  x.  171,  311 ;  xi.  42,  242—10  S.  viii.  443, 
491  ;ix.  116;xi.  437— HS.ii.  386;iii.242; 
iv.  382,  461  ;  v.  123,  484—12  S.  i.  121,  185, 
285,  467  ;  ii.  505.) 

AMONG  his  English  acquaintances  Casanova 
speaks  of  "le  chevalier  Edgard,  jeune  Anglais, 
riche,  et  qui  jouissait  de  la  vie  en  caressant 
ses  passions.  J'avais  fait  sa  connaissanco 
chez  lord  Pembroke"  (Garnier  ed.,  vi.  539). 
Other  editions  of  the  'Memoires'  (e.g., 
Laforgue's)  describe  him  as  Sir  Edgar  — 
Each  variation  presents  difficulties.  The 

title  of  Sir  Edgar ,  at  this  period,  is 

an  unfamiliar  one,  and  the  name  Edgard  is 
unknown. 

Herr  Gustav  Gugitz  of  Vienna,  the  editor- 
in-chief  of  the  forthcoming  edition  of 
Casanova's  '  Memoires  ' — basing  his  assump- 
tion on  a  letter  formerly  preserved  in  Count 
Walstein's  library  at  Dux  in  Bohemia,  written 
to  Casanova  while  in  England,  dated  Dec.  1, 
1763,  and  signed  "  W.  E.  Agar  — 
suggests  that  the  previously  unidentified 
Edgard  or  Sir  Edgar  is  the  writer  of  this 
letter.  Unfortunately  the  letter  itself  con- 
tains no  clue  and  I  have  not  been  able  to 
obtain  a  facsimile. 

The  most  prominent  W.  E.  Agar  of  the 
period  was  Welbore  Ellis  Agar,  who  was 
twenty-eight  years  old  at  the  time  of 
Casanova's  visit  to  London.  He  was  the 
son  of  Henry  Agar,  M.P.,  and  Anne,  only 
daughter  of  the  Right  Rev.  Welbore  Ellis, 
Bishop  of  Meath  ;  born  in  1735  ;  married 
October,  1762,  Gertrude,  daughter  of  Sir 
Charles  Hotham,  Bart,  (who  died  at  Margate, 
aged  50,  on  Aug.  14,  1780)  ;  appointed  one 
of  the  Commissioners  of  the  Customs  in 
December,  1776  ;  and  died  at  his  house  in  New 
Norfolk  Street,  aged  69,  on  Oct.  30,  1805. 
He  was  brother  to  the  first  Viscount  Clifden. 

In  'The  Hothams,'  by  Mrs.  A.  M.  W. 
Sterling,  ii.  333-4,  it  is  stated  that  his 
marriage  was  an  unhappy  one. 

Until    there   is   an   opportunity   of   com- 


paring his  handwriting  with  that  of  Casa- 
nova's correspondent  of  Dec.  1,  1763,itcannot 
be  determined  that  they  are  identical,  and 
even  then  there  is  no  direct  evidence  to 
connect  Edgard  with  Agar,  but  it  is  not  im- 
probable that  they  were  one  and  the  same 
person. 

The  "  Canon,"  where  Casanova  dined  (Gar- 
nier, vi.  540-41 ;  vii.  60)  appears  to  have  been 
the  famous  Cannon  Coffee-house  in  Cockspur 
Street,  Charing  Cross,  the  site  of  which  is 
now  occupied  by  the  Union  Club  at  the  south- 
west corner  of  Trafalgar  Square.  In  1763 
it  was  owned  by  Patrick  Cannon,  and  after 
his  death  in  1765  was  carried  on  by  his 
widow,  Susannah  Cannon.  It  was  rated  at 
£48.  In  1815  it  was  owned  by  one  Hodges 
(vide  '  Story  of  Charing  Cross,'  by  J.  Holden 
Carmichael,  and  the  Westminster  Rate 
Books). 

The  Star  Tavern  (Garnier,  vi.  377, 
383)  to  which  I  have  already  referred  at 
12  S.  i.  122,  may  possibly  have  been  the  Star 
in  the  Strand,  near  Charing  Cross,  which  is 
mentioned  in  MB.  J.  PAUL  DE  CASTRO'S  '  List 
of  London  Coffee-houses  and  Taverns,'  at 
12  S.  ix.  525.  Casanova,  who  patronized  the 
Orange  and  the  Cannon,  which  were  close  at 
hand,  was  familiar  with  this  part  of  the  town. 

Casanova  says  that  Lady  Harrington  in- 
troduced him  to  her  four  daughters  (Garnier, 
vi.  364).  She  had  five  daughters,  but  we 
cannot  complain  of  Casanova's  inaccuracy 
in  this  instance,  as  the  youngest,  Lady  Anna 
Stanhope,  afterwards  Duchess  of  New- 
castle, was  only  three  years  old  in  1763,  and 
therefore  it  is  quite  probable  that  he  did  not 
see  her. 

It  is  obvious  that  the  story  of  the  riot  at 
Drury  Lane  Theatre  (Garnier,  vi.  369  ;  cf. 
'  N.  &  Q.,'  12  S.  i.  185)  and  the  story  of  the 
wager  at  White's  Club  (Garnier,  vi.  461  ; 
cf.  '  N.  &  Q.,'  11  S.  iv.  383)  were  both  related 
to  Casanova  by  one  of  his  friends,  and  that  he 
repeated  them  in  his  '  Memoires  '  as  if  he 
had  actually  been  an  eyewitness  of  the 
incidents. 

The  file  of  The  St.  James's  Chronicle  for 
the  year  1763  at  the  British  Museum  is 
complete,  but  although  I  have  searched  it 
twice  I  cannot  discover  any  of  the  para- 
graphs which  Casanova  says  appeared  in 
this  newspaper. 

"  La  pension  ...  a  Harwich " 
(obviously  a  misprint  for  Hammersmith) 
where  Sophie  Cornelys  was  educated  (Garnier, 
vi»  474)  consisted  of  three  houses  in  the  Broad- 
way, '  Hammersmith,  yclept  at  the  period 


164 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[12  S.  X.  MAR.  4,  1922. 


*'  the  rat-trap,"  and  was  conducted  by  the 
Sisters  of  the  Institute  of  Mary.  In  1763 
the  Reverend  Mother  ("la  directrice,"  vide 
Garnier,  vi.  474)  was  Frances  Gentil.  Un- 
fortunately the  list  of  pupils  does  not 
appear  to  have  been  preserved  in  the  Catholic 
archives,  but  Casanova  is  corroborated  by 
John Tay lor  (vide '  Records  of  My  Life,'  i.  267), 
who  states  that  Sophie  Cornelys  was  placed 
in  "  a  Roman  Catholic  seminary  at  Hammer- 
smith." 


Casanova  speaks  of  visiting  a  "  laby- 
rinthe  "  in  Richmond  Park  (Garnier,  vi.  528). 
Probably  this  was  the  "  labyrinth  full  of 
intricate  mazes  "  which  Queen  Caroline, 
wife  of  George  II.,  had  constructed  in  the 
gardens  of  Richmond  Lodge  around  a  Gothic 
building  called  Merlin's  Cave. 

"  M.  Leigh,"  banker,  mentioned  in  Garnier, 
vii.  63,  may  have  been  Mr.  Lee,  a  member 
of  the  firm  of  Brassy,  Lee  and  Co.,  Lombard 
!  Street.  HORACE  BLEACKLEY. 


PRINCIPAL   LONDON   COFFEE-HOUSES,   TAVERNS,  AND   INNS    IN  THE 

EIGHTEENTH   CENTURY. 

(See  12  S.  vi.  and  vii.  passim;  ix.  85,  105,  143,  186,  226,  286,  306,  385,  426,  504,  525; 

x.  26,  66,  102.) 


(An  asterisk  denotes  that  the  house  still  exists  as  a  tavern,  inn  or  public-house 
— in  many  cases  rebuilt.) 


Waghorn's    . 

Watson's 
Webb's 

Welch  Head 


Well  and  Beckett 
Welsh  Trooper 


Pope's  Head  Alley,  Cornhill 

Strand 

Smithfield  

Dyott  Street,  St.  Giles  . . 


Bethnal  Green  Road 
Hammersmith    . 


Wenman's      Punch-     Near  the  Royal  Exchange 

house 

West  India  . . 
Wheatsheaf.. 


Behind  Royal  Exchange 
Fleet  Market 


Wheatsheaf . 
Wheatsheai. 
Wheatsheaf . 
White  Bear . 


Drury  Lane          ..      ^H.... 
Upper  Tooting 
Oxford  Street 
Basinghall  Street,  east  side 


White  Bear 


*White  Bear 


White    Bear    and 
Whetstone 


Bear  Garden,  South wark 

New  End,  Hampstead    . . 
The  Mall,  Chiswick       •  .. 


1720     Daily  Courant,  July  8. 

1774     Dartmouth  MSS.,  1887,  i.  372. 

Report   of   House   of   Lords   MSS., 

1908,  vol.  iv. 
1782     *  Lives  of  the  British  Physicians,' 

1830,  p.  182. 
1711     Post  Bag,  Feb.  24.     Proposals  for 

the     Joynt     Adventure   in     the 

£1,500,000  Lottery. 

—  Levander,  A.Q.C.,  vol.  xxix.,  1916. 
Larwood,  p.  8. 

Named  after  Saunders  Welch,  the 
High  Constable  of  Holborn,  and 
later  a  Justice  of  the  Peace. 

—  Larwood,  p.  374. 

1745     Levander,  A.Q.C.,  vol.  xxix.,   1916. 
Also  known  as  The  Welsh  Goat. 

1744  London  Daily  Post,  Jan.  4. 

1749     General  Advertiser,  July  19. 

1776     J.  T.  Smith's   'Book  for  a    Rainy 

Day,'  1905,  p.  69. 

1789     'Life's      Painter      of      Variegated 
Characters/ 

—  London  Museum  :  sketch  by  J.  T. 

Wilson  (A22048). 
1789     '  Life's      Painter      of     Variegated 

Characters.' 
1677     Ogilvy    and      Morgan's    '  London 

Survey'd.' 

1708     '  A  New  View  of  London,'  i.  5. 
1732     '  Parish       Clerks'        Remarks     of 

London,'  p.  383. 

1745  Rocque's  '  Survey.' 

1799     Harwood's  '  Map  of  London.' 
Harben,  p.  58. 

—  London  Museum  :  pewter  tankards 

(A  2747  and  2751). 
Kept  by  Richard  King  and  after- 
wards by  Thomas  Ward. 

1704     Baines's  '  Hampstead,'  p.  233. 

1766     Hampstead  and  Highgate  Express, 
Oct.  9,  1920. 

—  Thornbury,  vi.  557. 


12  S.  X.  MAR.  4,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


165 


White's  Alley  Eating 

House 
White  Hart. . 

"White  Hart 

White  Hart.. 
White  Hart 
White  Hart.. 
*White  Hart 

White  Hart 


White  Hart 
White  Hart . . 
White  Hart . . 

White  Hart.. 

White  Hart  Ale- 
house 

White  Hart  and 
Three  Tobacco 
Pipes 

White  Horse 

White  Horse 


White  Horse 

White  Horse 
White  Horse 

•White  Horse 


White  Horse 
White  Horse 

White  Horse 
*  White  Horse 

White  Horse 

White  Horse 
White  Horse 


Chancery  Lane 

Little  Eastcheap,  north  side  . . 

Abchurch  Lane 

Foster  Lane,  Cheapside 
Without  Cripplegate 
Butcher-hall  Lane 
Corner     of     Warwick     Court, 

Holborn 
St.  John's  Street,  by  Hick's  Hall 


Warwick  Street,  Charing  Cross 
Kennington  Lane 
Newington  Butts 

High  Street,  Hampstead 
Giltspur  Street,  Smithfield 

Whitechapel,  south  side,  between 
Somerset  Street  and  the 
White  Swan 

Opposite  Globe  Lane,  Mile  End 

Whitechapel,  west  of  Church 
Lane  and  north  of  Colchester 
Street 

London  Wall,  south  side,  oppo- 
site entrance  to  Bethlem 
Hospital 

Wood  Street,  east  side,  north 
of  the  "  Castle  " 

Coleman  Street,  west  side 


Friday  Street,  west  side,  south 
of  Watling  Street 


Cripplegate 


leet  Street 


Fleet  Market,   upper   end,   east 
side 

Fetter  Lane,  at  rear  of  Barnard's 
Inn  (Law) 


Holborn  Bars 

King  Street,  Golden  Square 
Oxford    Street,    between   Angel 
Hill  and  Great  Chapel  Street 


—  'Memoirs   of    Sir  Thomas  de  Veil,' 

1748,  p.  54. 
1732     '  Parish       Clerks'       Remarks         of 

London,'  p.  22. 
1738     Chevallier  Correspondence,  'X.&  Q.,' 

March  5,  1921,  p.  196. 

—  Levander,  A. Q.C.,  vol.  xxix.,   1916. 
1720     Daily  Courant,  Dec.  30. 

1780     London  Evening  Post,  Sept.  1 2. 

1744  General  Advertiser,  April  9. 

1677     Ogilvy  and  Morgan's  '  London  Sur- 

vey'd.' 
1732     '  Parish  Clerks'  Remarks  of  London,' 

p.   391. 

1745  Rocque's  '  Survey.' 

1708     '  A  New  View  of  London,'  i.  301. 
1745     Rocque's  '  Survey.' 
1745     Rocque's  '  Survey.' 

Levander,  A.Q.C.,  vol.  xxix.,  1916. 
1756     Copy  of  the  Court  Rolls  of  the  Manor. 

Demolished   1820.. 

1744  London  Daily  Post,  Jan.  7. 

1732     '  Parish  Clerks'  Remarks  of  London,' 
p.   393. 

1745  Rocque's  '  Survey.' 
1745     Rocque's  'Survey.' 
1745     Rocque's  '  Survey.' 


1677     Ogilvy      and      Morgan's      '  London 

Survey 'd.' 

1745     Rocque's  '  Survey.' 
1745     Rocque's  '  Survey.' 
1799     Harwood's  '  Map  of  London.' 
1677     Ogilvy      and      Morgan's      '  London 

Survey 'd.' 

1745     Rocque's  '  Survey.' 
1677     Ogilvy      and      Morgan's      '  London 

Survey 'd.' 
1732     '  Parish  Clerks'  Remarks  of  London,' 

p.   382. 

1745     Rocque's  '  Survey.' 
1799     Harwood's  '  Map  of  London.' 
1732     '  Parish  Clerks'  Remarks  of  London,' 

p.   382. 

1745     Rocque's  'Survey'  (White  Hart). 
1752     '  London      Topographical      Record,' 

1907,  iv.  41. 
1677     Ogilvy      and      Morgan's      '  London 

Survey 'd.' 
1732     '  Parish  Clerks'  Remarks  of  London,' 

p.   382. 
1745     Chevallier  Correspondence,  '  N.  &  Q.,' 

March  5,  1921,  p.  196. 
1732     '  Parish  Clerks'  Remarks  of  London,' 

p.   383. 

1745     Rocque's  '  Survey.' 
1677     Ogilvy.     and      Morgan's      '  London 

Survey 'd. 
1732     '  Parish  Clerks'  Remarks  of  London,' 

p.   384. 

1774     London  Daily  Post,  Feb.  7. 
1745     Rocque's  '  Survey.' 
1752     Humphrey's  '  Memoirs,'  p.  218. 
1789'   'Life's  Painter   of   Variegated   Cha- 
racters.' 

1782     Levander,  A.Q.C.,  vol.  xxix.,  1916. 
1745     Rocque's  '  Survey.' 


166 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.          [i2S.x.MAR.4, 1922. 


White  Horse 
White  Horse 

White  Horse 
White  Horse 

*  White  Horse 

White  Horse 
White  Horse 


Westminster 

At  the  south-west  corner  oi' 
White  Horse  Street,  Picca- 
dilly 

Islington  Road,  facing  the  Spaw 
Fields 

Kensington 


Church  Lane,  Chelsea 


Corner      of      Welbeck 

Cavendish  Square 
Peckham  Bye      . . 


Street,       — 


17 


1789     «  Life's       Painter       of       Variegated 

Characters.' 

Dasent's   '  Piccadilly  in  Three  Cen- 
turies,' pp.  104-5." 

1744     General  Advertiser,  March  26. 


Larwood,  p.  172. 

Addison     wrote     several     Spectators 

here. 
Pulled  down  c.   1825  and  rebuilt  as- 

the  "  Holland  Arms." 
Thornbury,  v.  90,  91. 
Faulkner's     '  History     of     Chelsea/ 

1829,  i.  167. 
Larwood,  p.  172. 


(To  be  concluded.) 


'  Life's       Painter       of       Variegated 
Characters.' 

J.  PAUL  DE  CASTRO. 


THE  CROWN  INN,  SHIPTON-UNDER-WYCH- 
WOOD,  OXON. — Little  seems  to  be  known  of 
the  history  of  this  interesting  old  inn,  which 
possesses  a  fine  Perpendicular  gateway. 
The  following  information  from  a  Chancery 
suit  in,  the  P.R.O.  (Mitford,  316/107)  throws 
a  little  light  on  its  history  in  the  seventeenth 
century.  In  1685  it  was  conveyed  by  Arthur 
Ashfield  and  three  others  of  Shipton  and 
Milton  to  Sir  Henry  Unton  of  Bruern,  Bt., 
Michael  Ashfield  and  others  of  Shipton  and 
Milton  on  trust  to  apply  half  the  yearly 
revenue  "  to  for  and  about  the  reparacon 
amending  and  maintenance  of  that  part  of 
Shipton  Bridge  under  Whichwood  which  is 
from  the  middle  of  the  great  bow  of  Shipton 
bridge  towards  the  west,"  and  the  other 
half  to  the  repair,  &c.,  of  "  Stoken  Bridge  in 
Milton."  With  16  acres  of  arable  and  6 
acres  of  meadow,  &c.,  belonging  to  it,  the 
value  is  given  at  £16  per  annum.  At  that 
time  it  was  in  the  occupation  of  Simon 
Chamberlain.  From  Simon  C.'s  will  (proved 
at  Oxford,  July  9,  1597)  and  that  of  his 
wife  Joane  (proved  Oxford,  Nov.  19,  1597) 
it  appears  that  the  Rev.  Bartholomew  Cham- 
berlain, D.D.,  was  their  eldest  son.  Foster's 
'  Alumni '  states  that  the  latter  entered 
Trinity  College,  Oxford,  June  7,  1563,  aged 
17.  He  held  a  number  of  livings,  including 
that  of  Burford  in  his  native  county.  Is 
anything  further  known  of  his  history  ? 

E.  ST.  JOHN  BROOKS. 

EARLY  DOMESTIC  USE  OF  ELECTRIC 
LIGHT.— In  The  Times  recently  a  claim 
Was  made  (by  Messrs.  Hampton  and  Sons) 
that  No.  7,  Kensington  Park  Gardens,  was 
the  first  private  house  in  London  to  have 


electric  light  in  use.  The  apparatus  to> 
supply  it  was  arranged  by  the  occupier^of 
the  house — the  late  Sir  William  Crookes, 
O.M. — in,  the  early  eighties,  and  it  is  curious 
to  note  'that  the  conducting  wires  wero 
insulated  in  glass.  R.  B. 

Upton. 

JOHN  KENDALL  (d.  about  1501). — The 
account  of  this  Knight  of  St.  John  in  the 
'  D.N.B.'  states  that  he  was  appointed 
Turcopolier  in  1477  and  succeeded  John 
Weston  as  prior  of  the  English  Hospitallers 
about  1491,  and  that  he  apparently  died  in 
November,  1501.  About  12  years  ago,, 
when  reading  A.  H.  Mathew's  *  very  bad 
translation  of  the  Diary  of  Joannes  Burch- 
ardts,  I  remember  coming  across  the  name 
of  John  Kendall  Virgil  as  Turcopolier  in  the 
pontificate  of  Innocent  VIII.  (1482-92). 
Presumably  Virgil  was  his  nickname.  Is 
he  known  to  have  written  poetry  ?  Ac- 
cording to  Canon  Mifsud's  '  English  Knights 
Hospitallers  in  Malta  '  (p.  66  n . ),  Kendall  was 
appointed  Grand  Prior  of  England  July  20, 
1485.  In  notes  on  pp.  44,  199  and  200, 
Canon  Mifsud  states  that,  as  Prior,  John 
Kendall,  with  the  assent  of  the  provincial 
chapter,  let  Hampton  Court  for  99  years  at 
£46  a  year,  but  that  the  indenture  of  a  long 
lease  of  Hampton  Court  at  £59  a  year, 
entered  between  the  Prior,  Sir  Thomas 
Docwra  and  Cardinal  Wolsey, 
who  had  obtained  or  purchased  its  cession  at  the 
death  of  the  person  to  whom  Prior  Kendall  had 
previously  given  it,  is  alluded  to  in  a  charter  of  the 
Grand  Master,  dated  14  August  1517  (vo1.  406, 
L.C.,  1517,  f.  163,  P.R.M.),  which  may  be  seen  in 
Porter's  '  History  of  the  Knights,'  ed.  London* 
1883,  p.  571. 


12S.  X.  MAR.  4,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


167 


On  p.  304,  Canon  Mifsud,  after  stating 
that  "  the  Order  became  the  statutory  heir 
of  the  professed  Knight  of  Malta  in  respect 
of  that  part  of  his  estate  of  which  he  had  not 
disposed  before  making  his  profession  in 
religion,"  goes  on  thus  : — 

This  was  in  virtue  of  the  Canon  Jaw  Quidquid 
acquirit  monachus,  monasterio  acquiril.  The 
declaration  of  expropriation  usually  made  by  the 
Knights  was  not  so  much  a  testament  as  a  state- 
ment of  assets  and  liabilities  to  serve  as  guide  in 
the  framing  and  checking  of  their  "  spoils." 
Thus,  the  declaration  of  expropriation  made  by 
-Sir  John  Kendall,  Grand  Prior  of  England,  in  the 
deeds  of  Notary  William  Ylton,  on  the  14th  of 
February  1501,  was  held  by  the  Council  of  the 
Order  at  Ehodes  on  the  8th  of  February  1503 
to  be  null  and  void,  inasmuch  as  Sir  John  had 
.acted  against  the  statutes  by  appointing  heirs  and 
making  bequests. 

In  1499  "  Johannes  Kendal  prior  sancti 
Johannis  Jerusalem  in  Anglia  "  was  on  the 
panel  at  the  trial  of  Edward,  Earl  of  War- 
wick (see  L.  W.  Vernon  Harcourt,  '  His 
Orace  the  Steward,'  at  p.  465). 

JOHN  B.  WAINE WRIGHT. 

EMERSON  AND  DR.  JOHNSON. — Reading 
recently  Dr.  Johnson's  description  of  a 
poet  in  '  Rasselas  '  I  was  struck  with  the 
general  resemblance  that  parts  of  it  bear  to 
Emerson's  exposition  of  the  duties  of  the 
scholar  in  his  famous  address  on  "  the 
American  Scholar "  and  in  his  '  Literary 
Ethics,'  though  there  is,  of  course,  an 
immense  difference  between  the  light,  delicate, 
nervous  style  in  which  Emerson  veils 
his  ideas  and  the  ponderous,  unornamented 
pomposity  of  the  Johnsonian  phraseology. 
Johnson,  like  Emerson,  is  really  laying  down 
rules  for  the  man  who,  with  a  high  purpose, 
devotes  his  life  to  the  pursuit  of  knowledge, 
and  is  not  describing  a  poet  in  our  narrower 
sense  of  the  word.  The  following  are  the 
points  of  resemblance  that  I  .noted : — 

1.  He  must  divest  himself  of  the  prejudices  of 
his  age  and  country  (Johnson). 

He  is  one  who  raises  himself  from  private 
oonsiderations  and  breathes  and  lives  on  public 
and  illustrious  thoughts  (Emerson). 

2.  He  must  know  many   languages  and  many 
sciences  (Johnson). 

He  must  be  be  an  university  of  knowledges 
(Emerson). 

3.  He  must  disregard  present  law  and  opinions 
.    .    .  content  himself  with  the  slow  progress  of 
his  name,  contemn  the  applause  of  his  own  time 
(Johnson). 

(He  must)  defer  never  to  the  popular  cry  .  .  . 
let  him  seek  the  shade  and  find  wisdom  in  neglect 
...  in  the  long  period  of  his  preparation  he  must 
betray  often  an  ignorance  and  shiftlessness  in 
popular  arts,  incurring  the  disdain  of  the  able 
who  shoulder  him  aside  (Emerson). 


4.  He  must  write  as  the  interpreter  of  nature 
(Johnson). 

Bend  to  the  persuasion  which  is  flowing  to  you 
from  every  object  in  nature  to  be  its  tongue 
to  the  heart  of  men  (Emerson). 

Emerson,  I  believe,  also1  went  to  Fichte 
for  some  of  his  ideas  on  this  subject. 

T.  PERCY  ARMSTRONG. 

The  Authors'  Club,  Whitehall,  S.W. 

ST.  DUNSTAN'S,  REGENT'S  PARK. — It  may 
not  be  generally  known  that  the  house  used 
by  the  late  Sir  Arthur  Pearson  for  his 
training  institution  for  blind  ex -service  men 
was  once  the  residence  of  a  noted  collector, 
the  late  Mr.  Henry  H.  Gibbs.  There  is  in 
existence  his  '  Catalogue  of  some  printed 
Books  and  Manuscripts  at  St.  Dunstan's, 
Regent's  Park,  and  Aldenham  House, 
Berks  '  (roxburghe  binding,  4to  ;  privately 
printed,  1888).  A  presentation  copy,  with 
photo  and  autograph  letter  (lot  3219)  was 
in  the  Huth  collection  and  sold  at  Sotheby's, 
June  6,  1913.  ANDREW  DE  TERN  ANT. 

36,  Somerleyton-road,  Brixton,  S.W. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  then'  queries 
in  order  that  answers  mav  be  sent  to  them  direct. 


TEMPORARY  FORDS:  "SAND." — In  an 
Inquisition,  as  to  the  Sewers  of  Lincolnshire 
of  July  2,  25  Eliz.,  in  the  possession,  in 
1851  (when  it  was  printed :  B.M.,  8775, 
c.  73),  of  William  Sowerby,  Esq.,  of  Messing  - 
ham,  Lines,  is  a  provision  (p.  12)  : — 

That  the  Township  of  Burringham  in  making 
their  warthes  or  fordes  over  the  aforesaid  dytches 
do  not  cast  in  more  sand  then  is  needfull  for 
passage  of  their  cattell  into  the  Northmoores. 

It  seems  unlikely  that  ordinary  sand 
would  be  available  for  this  purpose — or 
would  be  effective.  It  is  possible  that  some 
sort  of  gravel  is  meant  ?  Are  there  other 
instances  of  temporary  fords  ?  How  was 
the  "  sand  "  prevented  from  being  washed 
away  immediately  ?  Q.  V. 

"  SOWMOYS." — By  a  deed  of  1500,  enrolled 
on  the  Roll  of  the  Great  Seal  of  Scotland 
of  the  same  year  (printed  1882,  at  p.  542), 
a  grantor 

concessit  annuum  redditum  10  librarum  de 
terris  dominii  de  Cavertoun,  vie.  Roxburgh,  et 
duo  cotagia  proximo  adjacentia  occidentalem 
partem  pomarii  ejusdem  .  .  .  et  pratum  vul- 


168 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[12  S.  X.  MAR.  4,  1922, 


gariter  mmcupatum  le  Grymys  Medow,  cum 
communi  pastura  unius  equi  et  4  de  le  sowmoys 
in  dicta  villa  de  Cavertoun. 


What  were  these  ? 


Q.  V. 


THE  "  HAND  AND  PEN." — In  a  collection 
of  letters  written  to  India  in  1703  I  have 
found  one  dated  "  London  Bell  Yard 
Gracechurch  Street  from  the  Hand  and 
Pen  llth  March  1702/3."  I  do  not  see  the 
"  Hand  and  Pen  "  in  either  of  MB.  DE 
CASTRO'S  lists  of  eighteenth-century  inns  and 
coffee-houses.  Is  anything  known  of  it  ? 

L.  M.  ANSTEY. 

NICHOLAS  HILLIABD. — A  few  years  ago 
an  article  appeared  in  one  of  the  archaeo- 
logical journals  or  elsewhere  showing  that 
Nicholas  Hilliard,  the  miniaturist,  was  finan- 
cially interested  in  a  gold -mining  venture  in 
Scotland.  I  should  be  glad  of  the  exact 
reference.  B.  S.  L. 

"THE  BALL  AND  MOUTH."  —  In  one  of 
Byron's  letters,  just  published,  he  describes 
the  appearance  of  the  superannuated  "  In- 
fant Roscius,"  in  1812.  "  His  face  like  the 
ball  and  mouth  on  the  panels  of  a  heavy 
coach."  What  was  this  "  ball  and  mouth," 
and  does  it  shed  any  light  on  the  question 
whether  the  old  sign  of  the  **  Bull  and  Mouth  " 
was  really  a  corruption  of  "  Boulogne 
Mouth  "  ?  I  should  be  glad  if  any  of  your 
readers  can  enlighten  me. 

FBASEB  BADDELEY. 

"  THE  PARLEB  WITHIN  THE  MANOB 
PLACE." — In  a  deed  of  1535,  Anthony  Daston 
obtains  from  the  Abbot  of  Pershore  a  lease 
of  certain  lands,  including  "  the  farm  of  all 
the  houses,  buildings,  &c.,  belonging  to  the 
Manor  of  Broadway  with  the  two  Sheepcotes 
and  with  the  Parler  and  the  -Chamber  to  the 
same  adjacent,  in  the  house  of  the  Manor 
aforesaid." 

In  a  large  corpus  of  documents  in  the 
Public  Record  Office  relating  to  a  lawsuit  in 
the  year  1541  about  this  lease,  "  the  Parler 
within  the  Manor  place  of  Broadway  and 
the  Chamber  thereunto  adjoining  "  are  again 
mentioned. 

In  the  will  of  Anthony  Daston,  dated  1572, 
he  devises  to  Thomas  Porter  "  the  house  of 
the  Parsonage  of  Hinton,  the  Parlef  and 
adjacent  Chamber  excepted." 

The  phrase  "  the  Parler  and  Chamber  ad- 
jacent "  is  somewhat  puzzling.  Were  these, 
in  pre-Reformation  times,  expressly  reserved 
for  the  use  of  the  priest  ?  E.  A.  B.  B. 


"  SELF-HELP." — I  am  with  all  humility 
writing  an  addendum  to  Samuel  Smiles's 
'  Self -Help,'  which  I  think  I  have  practically 
completed  with  the  exception  of  the  Indus- 
trial section. 

Could  any  reader  supply  me  with  parti- 
culars of  Englishmen — that  is  Britishers — 
who  from  humble  beginnings  have  become 
"captains  of  industry"?  I  am  anxious 
to  get  right  up  to  date,  including  men 
who  are  still  living.  Also  I  should  be 
glad  of  particulars  as  to  existing  biographies- 
or  autobiographies,  if  any. 

(MBS.)  MARGARET  HOPKINS. 

ADDISON'S  '  SPECTATOB.' — There  is  an 
edition  "  printed  for  J.  and  R.  Tonson 
and  S.  Draper "  with  frontispiece  illustra- 
tions —  "  F.  Hayman  delin."  and  "  C. 
Grignion  sculp."  What  is  the  date  of  this 
edition  ?  S. 

HENRY  SIDDONS. — I  am  told  that  Henry 
Siddons  (1774-1815),  son  of  the  famous 
Sarah  Siddons,  wrote  some  poems.  If  so, 
were  these  embodied  in  his  plays  or  issued 
separately  ?  Was  he  author  of  a  poem 
entitled  '  The  Triumphs  of  Commerce r 
(about  1793)  ?  If  so,  does  it  contain  any 
memorable  or  poetical  passages  ? 

RUSSELL  MABKLAND. 

FBANCIS  REDFEBN. — Can  anyone  give- 
biographical  particulars  of  this  historian 
of  Uttoxeter,  Staffordshire,  dates  of  birth 
and  death,  &c.  He  wrote  '  Dove  Valley 
Rhymes/  1875.  Does  this  little  book 
contain  any  poems  of  merit  ? 

RUSSELL  MABKLAND. 

REFUSAL  TO  KOTOW. — On  two  occasions 
I  have  come  across  an  allusion  to  an  ac- 
count of  an  English  private  who,  being 
brought  before-  some  Eastern  potentate, 
I  think  the  Emperor  of  China,  was  told 
to  enter  the  presence  in  the  local  manner, 
refusal  entailing  dteath.  The  private  re- 
fused and  was  killed. 

I  would  be  much  obEged  by  being  referred 
to  the  original  account  of  this  episode. 

F.  A.  S. 

CADBY. — A  contemporary  account  of  the 
International  Exhibition  of  1862  mentions 
among  its  features  "  Cadby's  grand  piano  'r 
and  Distin's  band.  Distin's  name  survived 
to  a  later  date,  but  who  was  Cadby,  and1 
was  he  maker  of  or  player  upon  the  grand 
piano  ?  Was  his  career  connected  with  the- 
Hall  of  that  name,  now  the  headquarters 
of  well-known  caterers  ?  W.  B.  H. 


12S.  X.  MAR.  4,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


169 


NIGGER  MINSTRELSY.  —  The  Evening 
Standard,  under  this  heading  in  its  issue 
of  Dec.  14  last,  states  that  the  late  Mr. 
Gladstone  "  became  proficient  on  the  banjo, 
and  used  to  sing  '  Darktown  Races  '  with 
its  '  Doo-da-doo-da  '  refrain."  Surely  the 
name  of  the  song  was  '  Camptown  Races,' 
or  something  similar  ?  I  remember  it  well, 
nearly  60  years  ago,  and  do  not  remember 
the  suggested  title.  I  think  the  song  com- 
menced "  Camptown  race-course,  three 
miles  long  .  .  ."  (or  Camdown  ?)  Some 
weeks  before  the  appearance  of  the  note 
in  the  above  newspaper  I  had  inquired 
as  to  the  song,  something  having  caused  it 
to  haunt  me.  HERBERT  SOTJTHAM. 

'  THE  MARRYING  MAN.' — I  recently  picked 
up  on  a  Farringdon  Street  twopenny  barrow 
a  volume  *  The  Marrying  Man  :  A  Comedy 
in  Three  Acts,'  by  the  author  of  '  Cousin 
Geoffrey '  (i.e.,  Mrs.  Gordon  Smythies) : 
printed  for  private  circulation  (and  not  in 
the  British  Museum).  It  was  an  adaptation 
from  her  novel  of  the  same  name,  published 
in  1841  and  dedicated  to  Theodore  Hook. 
Was  it  ever  performed  ?  It  is  not  in 
Clarence's  bibliography,  '  The  Stage  Cyclo- 
paedia.' J.  M.  BULLOCH. 

37,  Bedford  Square,  W.C.I. 

COL.  GORDON,  R.E.,  LN  THE  CRIMEA. — In 
a  *  Series  of  Historical  Portraits  photo- 
graphed in  the  Crimea,  1855,'  by  Roger 
Fenton  (it  is  not  in  the  British  Museum), 
there  is  said  to  be  a  portrait  of  "Col. 
Gordon,  R.E."  Is  this  Major-General 
Edward  Charles  Acheson  Gordon,  R.E. 
(1827-1909),  and  what  is  the  size  of  the 
portrait  ?  J.  M.  BULLOCH. 

37,  Bedford  Square,  W.C.I. 

"  EUCEPHUS  "  AS  A  CHRISTIAN  NAME. — 
I  have  just  interviewed  a  man  of  sixty  - 
seven  Who  gives  his  "  full  Christian  name  " 
as  above.  He  produced  his  marriage  cer- 
tificate of  forty  years  ago  (from  a  register 
office  in  Hull),  and  in  that  the  name  is  so 
spelt.  Is  this  a  real  name  or  a  corruption 
(e.g.,  of  "  Josephus  ")  ?  My  man  tells  me 
that  he  was  left  an  orphan  when  he  was 
seven  or  eight  years  old,  and  that  he 
had  "no  friends,"  and  had  to  "do  for 
himself."  It  seems  as  though  he  had  to 
"  do  for  himself  "  even  in  the  matter  of  a 
Christian  name. 

(REV.)   A.    K.    CHIGNELL. 

Charterhouse,  Hull. 

[Is  this  not  likely  to  be  a  corruption  of  Euse- 
bius?] 


WILLIAM  GEORGE  AUGUSTUS  FITZHARD- 
ING,  son  of  Augustus  Fitzharding  of  London,. 
was  admitted  to  Westminster  School  in 
September,  1823,  aged  13,  and  placed  on  the 
foundation  in  1825.  Further  particulars  of 
his  parentage  and  career  are  desired,  and^also 
the  date  and  place  of  his  death. 

G.  F.  R.  B. 

DESCENDANTS  OF  RICHARD  PENDERELL. — 
John  Field  of  Lambeth  Marsh  (1743-1790) 
married  as  his  second  wife  Sarah  Burrows 
(1749-1797),  who  was  said  to  be  a  descendant 
of  Richard  Penderell.  On  the  strength  of 
this  descent  the  Fields  added  an  oak  tree 
to  their  coat  of  arms. 

Can  anyone  tell  me  where  to  find  an  ac- 
count of  the  Penderell  family,  so  that  I  can 
see  whether  the  Burrows  tradition  wa& 
correct  1  G.  A.  ANDERSON. 

HISTORICAL  COPPER-PLATES. — I  have  just 
bought  a  set  of  12  copper-plates  engraved 
by  J.  Harris,  an  engraver  who  worked  at 
the  end  of  the  seventeenth  and  beginning  of 
the  eighteenth  century.  They  appear  to- 
be  copies  of  old  illuminated  pictures.  Can 
any  reader  tell  me  if  they  were  ever  published 
in  a  book  and,  if  so,  what  was  its  title  ? 
Size  about  8  by  10  inches.  The  plates  are- 
as under  : — 

1.  Battle  at  Newcastle-on-Tyne  of  the  King  of 
Scotland  and  against  the  Queen  of  England. 

2.  Coronation  of  Pope  Boniface  IX. 

3.  Oliver      d'Auterme     retaliates     upon     the 
Mariners  of  Ghent  for  his  Brother's  Death. 

4.  The  Tilt  field  at  St.   Inglevere  near  Calais 
by  three  French  Knights  against  all  comers. 

5.  The  Earl  of  Derby  takes  leave  of  the  King  of 
France    and    goes    to    his    Cousin    the    Duke    of 
Brittany. 

6.  Battle  of  Roche  Darien  and  Charles  of  Blois 
taken  prisoner  by  the  English. 

7.  Richard  pays  a  visit  to  his  Uncle  the  Duke  of 
Gloucester  at  his  Castle  of  Fleshy. 

8.  The  Siege  of  Tunis. 

9.  A   Priest   called    John   Ball    stirs   up    great 
Commotions  in  England. 

10.  Wat  Tyler  killed  by  Walworth. 

11.  Isabella,  daughter  of  the  King  of  France^ 
given  in  marriage  to  King  of  England. 

1 2.  King  Edward 's  first  Expedition  against  the 
Scots. 

ARTHUR  W.  WATERS. 

THE  EXPRESSION  "Up  TO." — When  did 
this  disagreeable  and  ungrammatieal  phrase 
come  into  vogue  ?  The  wonder  and  the 
pity  are  that  it  has  worked  its  way  inta 
all  classes  of  society,  and  it  is  surely  high 
time  that  it  was  "  up  to  "  them  to  dis- 
continue it.  J.  B.  McGovERN. 

St.  Stephen's  Rectory,  C.-on-M.,  Manchester. 


170 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.          [12  s.  x.  MAR.  4, 1022. 


COLONEL  MONTRESOR  OF  BELMONT,  Co. 
KENT. — Colonel  Montresor  gave  the  bells 
to  Throwley  Church,  Kent,  in  1781,  where 
he  intended  to  be  buried.  He  died,  however, 
in  Maidstone  Gaol  and  was  buried  apparently 
in  Maidstone  Church,  June  9,  1799.  The 
Kentish  Gazette  states  he  was  then  "  proved 
innocent,"  but  does  not  say  with  what 
crime  or  misdemeanour  he  had  been  charged. 
What  was  his  supposed  offence  ?  Belmont 
was  sold  and  the  sheriff  was  in  possession 
for  1800  and  1801.  Why  ? 

PERCY  HTJLBURD. 

[The  '  D.N.B.'  states  that  he  died  about  1788.] 

USE  OF  "  AT  "  OR  "  IN  "  WITH  PLACE- 
NAMES. — What  governs  the  preposition  "  in  " 
or  "  at "  in  reference  to  a  city  or  town  ? 
We  always  say  "  in  London,"  never  "  at 
London."  We  say  "  at  Leamington,"  not 
'*  in  Leamington."  Where  is  the  distinc- 
tion ?  RAVEN. 

'  THE  COMPLEAT  COLLIER.' — Perhaps  some 
Northumbrian  reader  could  kindly  help 
me  to  find 

*  The  Compleat  Collier ;  or,  The  whole  art  of 
sinking,  getting,  and  working  the  Coal  Mines 
&c.,  as  is  now  used  in  the  Northern  Parts,  es- 
pecially about  Sunderland  and  Newcastle.'  By 
F.  C.  Printed  at  London  for  G.  Conyers,  at  the 
Ring  in  Little  Brittain,  1708. 

A  reprint  was  issued  by  M.  A.  Richardson, 
Newcastle,  in  1846.  I  cannot  find  either 
the  original  or  the  reprint  in  the  British 
Museum  catalogue  and  suspect  that  the 


reierence  is  wrong. 


L.  L.  K. 


DEVONSHIRE  MSS. — I  should  feel  obliged 
to  any  correspondent  who  could  point  out 
the  present  whereabouts  of  the  original 
manuscripts  of  Risdon's  '  History  of  Devon,  ' 
Westcott's  '  Survey  of  Devon,'  ;  Bishop 
Ward's  Papers,  and  Dr.  Plot's  '  Natural 
History  of  Devon.'  -W.  S.  B.  H. 

BRETEL. — What  is  the  meaning  of  this 
forename  ?  There  is  a  Bretel  in  Domesday 
Book,  who  has  large  and  numerous  holdings 
from  the  Count  of  Mortain,  in  Somerset, 
Devon  and  Dorset.  One  of  his  properties, 
Ash,  in  Somerset,  is  now  known  as  Ash- 
brittle.  The  name  appears  again  in  the 
Pipe  Roll  of  1130,  under  "  Bretellus  de  Am- 
berer,"  who  has  notices  in  Hampshire, 
Warwick  and  Devon. 

Does  the  name  derive  from  Berthold  or 
Bartholomew  ?  Surely  it  can  hardly  be  a 
diminutive  of  "  Brito."  Solution  of  the 
origin  of  the  name  will  be  appreciated. 

INA  CRISTAL. 


EPITAPH  IN  TETBURY  CHURCH,  GLOS. — 
Over  one  of  the  inner  doors  of  this  church 
is  a  large  marble  tablet  with  this  inscription 
(it  is  quoted  from  memory,  but  is  substan- 
tially accurate) : — 

In  this  vault  are  interred  several  Saunderses 
of  this  parish.  Particulars  the  last  day  will 
disclose.  Amen. 

Is  any  story  attached  to  this  unusual 
epitaph  ?  M.  N.  O. 

£1,000  IN  1653  :  PRESENT  -  DAY  EQUI- 
VALENT.— Sir  Marmaduke  Constable  had  his 
whole  estate  sequestered  for  ten  years,  which, 
being  put  to  sale,  he  was  forced  to  purchase 
it  of  the  Commonwealth  for  the  sum  of  £1,000, 
April,  1653,  5  Car.  II. 

What  would  be  to-day's  value  ? 

CLIFFORD  C.  WOOLLARD. 

68,  St.  Michaels  Road,  Aldershot,  Hants. 

AUTHOR  WANTED. — Whence  comes  the  follow- 
ing sentence,  which  appeared  in  the  "  In  Memo- 
riam  "  list,  The  Times,  Feb.  6 : — 

"  Sorrow  is,  then,  a  part  of  love,  and  love  does 
not  seek  to  throw  it  off."  S.  C. 


DE   KEMPELEN'S   AUTOMATON 

CHESS-PLAYER. 
(12  S.  x.  72,  113,  155.) 

VON  KEMPELEN'S  chess-player  has  been  often 
described,  with  details  of  its  working.  Briefly, 
it  depended  on  the  skill  of  an  expert  chess- 
player concealed  partly  in  the  figure  and 
partly  in  the  large  box  on  which  the  figure 
was  seated.  After  its  invention  in  1 769  it  had 
a  great  career  in  various  ownerships  until 
1838,  when  it  was  exhibited  in  public  for  the 
last  time  in  Philadelphia,  and  in  1854  was 
destroyed  in  the  fire  which  demolished  the 
Chinese  Museum  of  that  city.  An  account 
of  the  figure  will  be  found  in  Bogue's  '  Boy's 
Own  Book,'  1855,  but  the  automaton  possesses 
little  interest  now,  as  it  has  been  entirely 
superseded  by  later  and  cleverer  inventions. 
The  figure  which  MR.  ACKERMANN  saw  in 
South  Africa  35  years  ago,  and  which  he 
so  accurately  remembers,  was,  no  doubt,  a 
copy  of  Mr.  J.  N.  Maskelyne's  whist -player 
"  Psycho,"  and  it  is  quite  likely  that  I  have 
handled  some  parts  of  this  identical  figure. 
About  1880 1  numbered  amongst  my  friends  a 
professional  conjuror,  Mr.  Edward  Le  Mare 
of  Manchester,  who  had  a  genius  for  mecha- 
nical construction  and  who  was  one  of  the 
very  few  makers  of  automata  and  appa- 
ratus for  professional  illusionists.  Maske- 
lyne's ingeniously  conceived  whist -player 


'  j 


12S.  X.  MAR.  4,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


171 


was  first  shown  at  the  Egyptian  Hall  in  1875, 
^nd,  as  is  usually  the  case,  imitations  of  it 
began  to  appear  after  a  few  years  had 
elapsed.  I  saw  the  original  figure  as  a  mem- 
ber of  the  public  and  afterwards  handled  the 
beautiful  mechanism  of  the  hand  and  arm 
of  a  similar  figure  that  was  being  made  in  my 
friend's  workshop  for  dispatch  to  the  Cape. 

The  full  mechanical  details  would  take  too 
much  space  to  describe  here.  Suffice  to  say 
it  was  really  a  mechanical  device  containing 
no  human  figure.  A  spring-driven  clock- 
work provided  the  motive  power.  Of  two 
separate  trains  of  .  mechanism,  the  first 
worked  the  sweep  of  the  hand  and  head  side- 
ways through  a  quarter  circle,  and  the  second 
train  actuated,  by  a  single  cord,  the  closing 
of  the  thumb  so  as  to  grip  one  of  the  cards 
arranged  in  the  quadrant  spoken  of  by  MB. 
ACKEBMANN,  and,  by  still  further  tension  on 
the  cord,  to  raise  the  hand,  wrist  and  fore -arm 
into  such  a  position  as  showed  the  face  of 
the  card  to  the  audience.  The  secret  of 
the  control  of  the  apparatus  lay  in  the  fact 
that  behind  the  stage  an  air-pump  was  used 
to  raise  or  lower  the  pressure  of  air  in  a  pipe 
which  passed  under  the  stage  and  up  one 
leg  of  the  lower  wooden  base.  The  green 
baize  covering  of  this  base  allowed  the 
variations  of  pressure  to  be  conveyed  to 
the  inside  of  the  upright  glass  cylinder  and 
to  the  mechanism  inside  the  figure  where, 
I  believe,  a  simple  piston  arrangement  was 
raised  or  lowered  by  the  high  or  low  pressure, 
and  switched  the  driving  power  of  the  clock- 
work on  to  either  of  the  trains  of  gearing 
mentioned  above,  or  stopped  midway,  when 
no  motion  took  place.  The  man  who  played 
"  Psycho's  "  cards  controlled  the  air-pump 
unseen.  The  cards  of  the  other  players 
could  be  overlooked  from  behind  the  curtains 
at  the  sides  of  the  stage,  so  that  the  chances 
of  winning  were  well  in  favour  of  "  Psycho." 

Full  details  of  both  Kempelen's  and 
Maskelyne's  machines,  with  illustrations  of 
the  mechanism,  are  given  in  '  The  Old  and 
New  Magic,"  by  Mr.  Henry  Ridgeley  Evans, 
published  by  the  Open  Court  Publishing 
Company,  Chicago,  1906,  and  probably 
obtainable  from  Messrs.  Kegan  Paul,  Trench 
and  Co.,  London.  ABTHUB  BOWES. 

A  full  account  and  satisfactory  explana- 
tion (presumably  correct)  of  the  automaton 
and  its  inventor,  Wolffgang  de  Kempelen, 
a  Hungarian,  appears  in  a  book  by  the  well- 
known  chess  writer,  George  Walker,  entitled 
'  Chess  and  Chess-Players  '  (1850) ;  the  article 
is  headed  '  The  Chess  Automaton,'  and  is  the 


first  in  the  book,  occupying  37  pages.  It 
was  suggested  to  the  author  by  finding  on 
I  his  shelves  a  thick  volume  containing  six  or 
more  tracts  on  the  subject.  The  important 
parts  are  too  lengthy  to  quote  in  full, 
but  the  following  notes  may  be  given.  The 
invention  appeared  first  at  Vienna  in  1770. 
Mr.  Walker,  in  English,  first  quotes  from 
a  work  by  M.  Windisch,  '  Briefe  iiber  den 
Schachspieler  des  Herrn  von  Kempeleii,'  &c. 
(Basle,  1783),  giving  a  full  description  of  the 
appearance  of  the  automaton  :• — 

The  chest  to  which  it  is  fixed  is  three  feet  and 
a  half  long,  two  feet  wide,  and  two  feet  and  a  half 
high  ;  and  is,  by  means  of  the  aforesaid  castors, 
moved  ^ith  facility  from  place  to  place.  Behind 
this  chest  is  seen  a  figure  the  size  of  life,  dressed 
in  the  Turkish  costume,  seated  upon  a  wooden 
chair  fastened  to  the  body  of  the  Automaton,  and 
which  of  course  moves  with  it,  when  rolled  about 
the  apartment.  The  figure  leans  its  .'ight  arm 
on  the  table,  holding  a  long  Turkish  pipe  in  his 
left  hand,  in  the  attitude  of  a  person  who  ceases 
to  smoke.  It  plays  with  its  left  hand  ;  which 
M.  de  Kempelen  informed  me  was  an  oversight 
on  his  part.  .  .  .  When  the  lurk  is  about 
to  play,  M.  de  Kempelen,  as  pipe-bearer,  takes  the 
pipe  from  his  hand.  Before  the  Automaton  is 
a  chess-board,  screwed  on  the  table,  or  upper 
surface  of  the  chest,  on  which  the  eyes  of  the  figure 
appear  to  be  constantly  fixed. 

Then  follows  a  description  of  the  para- 
phernalia accompanying  the  figure  and 
clockwork  in  the  chest,  and  the  doors  to  be 
opened  to  exhibit  these, .  before  playing, 

I  and  a  description  of  how  the  figure  moves  his 

|  hands  and  head  while  playing. 

De  Kempelen  was  a  modest  man  and  did 
not  at  first  care  for  the  notoriety  of  his 
"  toy,"  and,  pestered  from  all  quarters  to 
exhibit  it,  actually  took  it  partly  to  pieces 
and  stored  it,  giving  out  that  it  was  damaged. 
But  it  was  brought  to  light  again  by  request 
when  the  Grand  Duke  Paul  of  Russia  visited 
the  Emperor  Joseph  II.  at  Vienna.  De 
Kempelen  now  decided  to  reap  the  financial 
harvest  promised  by  his  invention,  and  it 
went  to  Paris  in  1783  and  was  an  instant 
success  ;  from  Paris  it  proceeded  to  England. 
In  1785,  Philip  Thicknesse  (1719-1792— this 
seems  to  have  appeared  anonymously  in 
1784,  see  '  D.N.B.')  printed  a  pamphlet  der 
nouncing  the  chess-player  as  a  hoax,  and 
touching  perilously  near  to  the  secret. 
After  this  the  inventor  was  invited  to  go  to 
Berlin  ;  eager  to  solve  the  mystery,  Frederick 
the  Great  purchased  the  figure,  and  when 
he  held  the  clue,  banished  it  to  "  an  obscure 
lumber  room,"  where  it  remained  for  30 
years,  until  the  advent  of  Napoleon,  when 
it  once  more  set  out  on  its  travels  and 


172 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[12  S.  X.  MAR,  4,  1922. 


became  the  property  of  M.  Maelzel,  who  sold 
the  key  to  Prince  Eugene  for  30,000  francs, 
repurchasing    it    for    the    interest    on    the 
money  !      Maelzel     eventually    arrived     in 
London    in    1819.     Games    played    by    the 
figure  were  taken  down  and  published  in  a 
small  volume  by  Mr.  Hunneman  in   1820. 
During  this  final  visit  to  England  several 
essays  on  the  subject  appeared,  one  by  an 
Oxford    graduate,     '  Observations    on    the 
Automaton    Chess -Player  '    (1819),  giving  a 
full  description  of  the  figure  and  its  mode  of 
play.     Robert   Willis   of   Cambridge    (1800- 
1875,  see  '  D.N.B.')  brought  out  an  interest- 
ing  work    on    the    subject     in    1821,    '  An 
Attempt  to  Analyse  the  Automaton  Chess  - 
Player,'  and  this  proves  that  a  man  might 
be     concealed     in     the     contrivance.     Dr. 
Brewster  copied  this  account  in  his  work  on 
natural  magic.     Walker  now  tells  us  that 
"  the   man   who   really   played   the  Chess  - 
Automaton  was  concealed  in  the  chest,"  and 
describes  how  this  could  be  so  that  he  could 
move  about  while  the  works  were  being  ex- 
hibited with  apparent  candour,  and  how  he 
controlled  the  movements  of  the  figure  after 
the  moves  of  the  game  had  been  indicated  on 
the  underside  of  the  chess-board,  but  the 
ingenious  details  must   be  perused  in  Mr. 
Walker's  book,  as  they  occupy  some  space. 
Mouret,  a  great  chess-player,  was  the  chief 
"jack-in-the-box,"    for   Maelzel,    and   they 
appeared  in  Spring  Gardens  and  St.  James's 
Street.       The    automaton     travelled     over 
Europe  and  eventually  arrived  in  America. 
The  last  Mr.  Walker  tells  us  of  it  is  that 
"  for  some  years  the  figure  has  lain  in  a  state 
of  inglorious  repose  in  a  warehouse  at  New 
Orleans,"    so    the    note    by    L.    L.    K.    in 
'  N.  &  Q.'  that    it  perished   in  a  conflagra- 
tion is  of  interest  ;  this  may  have  occurred 
through  the  candle  that  was  used  when  ex- 
hibiting the  interior,  or  that  "used  by  the 
enclosed  player,   after  taking  up  his   final 
position.  RUSSELL  MARKLAND. 

THE  ENGLISH  "  H  "  :  CELTIC,  LATIN  AND 
GERMAN  INFLUENCES  (12  S.  x.  32,  116).— 
Dropping  the  h — origin  of  "  India."  The 
Sanskrit  word  for  the  ocean,  wide  estuary, 
great  river,  was  (and  is)  Sindhu  ;  root  Syand, 
fluidity,  seen  in  Syundu,  the  name  of  one  of 
the  three  principal  rivers  in  Kashmir,  still 
called  by  ordinary  Indians  and  Europeans 
the  Sindh.  In  contemporary  vernacular 
speech,  the  Sanskrit  Sindhu  became  Sindh 
and  Bind,  and  was  applied  specially  to  the 
great  western  river  of  Northern  India,  known 
to  us  now  as  the  Indus,  and  also  to  the  delta 


and  country  round  it.     Hence  the  modern. 
Indian  province  of  Sindh  or  Sind. 

There  is  a  well-known  phonological  law 
by  which  the  sibilant  breathing  s  becomes 
transferred  lower  down  the  mouth  to  the- 
breathing  h.  Hence  very  long  ago  the  name 
Sind  became  Hind  to  the  people  west  of 
modern  India,  who  still  say  Hind  for  Sind, 
e.g.,  Persians  and  Arabs.  Long  ago,  too — 
very  long  ago — the  Greeks,  with  their  love 
of  fitting  foreign  words  to  their  own  tongue, 
adopted  'Ivios  for  the  river,  and  'lv  ia 
for  the  country  and  land,  with  'IvSoi  for 
the  people.  These  the  Romans  transformed 
again  into  "  Indus,"  "  India,"  without  even 
the  very  light  breathing  indicated  by  the 
Greek  spelling. 

There  was  a  clear  dropping  of  h  here,  as  the- 
older  form  Hind  is  still  in  common  use,  as  is 
seen  in  the  term  Qaisar-i-Hind  (Caesar  of 
Hind)  for  the  title  of  the  King  of  England  as 
Emperor  of  India  ;  while  in  poetical  par- 
lance Ind  is  still  a  common  term.  We  still 
use  the  aspirated  form  in  the  very  common 
terms  Hindostan,  Hindustani. 

In  fact,  by  the  ordinary  use  of  the  forms 
Sind,  Hind  and  India,  we  are  unconsciously 
still  disclosing  the  history  of  "  India  "  in  our 
everyday  speech. 

There  is  yet  another  very  interesting  form, 
Scinde,  which  was  common  until  quite  lately, 
and  is  still  sometimes  seen  as  the  name  of 
the  province  we  now  write  as  Sind.  This  was 
due  to  the  general  European  influence, 
arising  ultimately  out  of  old  Latin  usage, 
which  produced  such  words  as  scimitar, 
scion,  scent  and  many  others.  I  have  often 
wondered  whether  educated  people  grasp 
that  when  our  dear  friends  Tommy  and  his 
wife  talk  about  "  Hindia,"  they  are 
etymologically  right,  as  they  are,  by  the  way, 
When,  in  discussing  the  late  war,  they  talk 
about  "  Wypers." 

The  use  of  the  word  "India"  for  that 
portion  only  of  the  whole  country  which  was 
known  to  the  speaker  or  writer  has  been 
common  through  all  history  from  the  days  of 
the  Persians,  Greeks  and  Romans  to  those 
of  the  Portuguese,  English  and  other  Euro- 
peans, to  say  nothing  of  the  Mughals  or 
Mongols.  R.  C.  TEMPLE. 

EBGHUM  (12  S.  9,  55,  99,  136). — I  now 
find  that  "Ralph  de  Urgham "  occurs  in 
Hardy's  '  Le  Neve  '  as  prebendary  of  Decem 
Libraru<m  in  Lincoln  "  some  time  between 
1306  and  1360."  J-  T.  F. 

Winter  ton,  Lines. 


12S.X.MAB.4.1922.]          NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


173 


INFERENCE  AS  TO  DATE  OF  BIRTH  (12  S. 
x.  127). — Immediately  after  reading  FAMA'S 
helpful  directions  I  took  a  case,  the  working 
out  of  which  exemplifies  one  of  the  pitfalls 
mentioned  by  him,  and  perhaps  other  points 
of  interest.     George  Baker  was  admitted  on 
the  foundation  at  Eton,  March  20,  1698,  cet.  \ 
10.     He   died,   according  to   the   most   ex- 1 
panded  notice,  "  on  28  January,  1772,  in  the 
eighty -sixth    year    of    his    age."     But    the  j 
notices  in  The  Gentleman's  and  London  Maga-  \ 
zines  of  1772  have  "  cet.  85."     To  take  "  aged  | 
10  "  and  "  aged  85  "  results  in  a  contradic- 1 
tion,     producing    different     latest    possible 
dates.     I  then  took  "  aged  10  "  and  "  aged 
84,"  and  found  that  he  was  born  between! 
March  21,   1687,  and  Jan.   28,   1688.     Thisj 
confirms  the  parish  register,  which  records  i 
his  baptism  on  July  17,  1687.     I  say  con- 1 
firms  because  the  years  in  parish  registers  are  1 
not  seldom  misplaced,  and  in  the  case  of  two 
of  George  Baker's  brothers,  while  Eton  and 
Oxford  agree,  the  parish  register  makes  them 
each  two  years  older.  A.  T.  M. 

GENERAL  NICHOLSON'S  BIRTHPLACE  (12  S. 
x.  109,  158).  —  There  is  in  the  '  Life  of 
John  Nicholson,'  by  Capt.  Lionel  J. 
Trotter  (2nd  ed.,  1898),  p.  4,  a  distinct 
statement  that  the  eldest  boy  of  Dr.  Nichol- 
son's family  was  born  as  Lisburn,  where  his 
wife's  mother,  Mrs.  Hogg,  lived  ;  and  that  j 
he  was  born  on  Dec.  11,  1822. 

In  a  footnote  Capt.  Trotter,  referring  to 
Kaye's   '  Lives  of  Indian  Officers,'   vol.  ii., 
says  :  "Kaye  has  given  1821  as  the  year  of  j 
John's  birth  :  this  is  a  manifest  error,  for  i 
John's  eldest  sister  was  born  in  October  of  | 
that  year." 

There  is  also  much  information  bearing  j 
on  the  date  of  Nicholson's  birth  in  '  Memo- 
rials of  the  Life  of  Sir  Herbert  Edwardes,'  by 
Lady  Edwardes  (1863)  ;  valuable  because  he 
was  a  contemporary  in  years  and  Indian 
service,  and  an  intimate  friend  of  Sir  John 
Nicholson  ;  and  also  because  he  is  responsible 
for  the  inscriptions  on  the  tomb  of  Nichol- 
son at  Delhi,  and  on  the  tablets  in  the  church 
at  Bunnoo  (western  border  of  the  Punjab) 
and  in  the  parish  church  at  Lisburn,  Co. 
Antrim,  Ireland,  where  Nicholson's  mother 
had  lived  "  ever  since  she  had  been  a  i 
widow." 

The  inscription  on  the  tomb  at  Delhi 
records  that  Nicholson  died  Sept.  23,  1857, ! 
aged  35  ;  the  inscrpition  on  the  tablet  in  the  j 
church  at  Bunnoo  and  also  that  in  the  church  i 
at  Lisburn  records  that  "he died  on  the  23 
September  1857  aged  only  34." 


Capt.  Trotter,  in  mentioning  the  memorial 
in  Bunnoo  church,  adds  a  footnote  (p.  316), 
"  On  this  memorial  Nicholson's  age  is  rightly 
given  as  34,  not  as  the  tombstone  gives  it 
as  35." 

In  the  *  Dictionary  of  Indian  Biograph  ' 
(C.  E.  Buckland,  C.I.E.)  the  dates  of  birth 
and  death  are  given,  1821-1857,  the  place 
of  birth  not  being  mentioned. 

W.  M.  CLAY. 

Alverstoke,  Hants. 

PSEUDO-TITLES  FOB  "  DUMMY  "  BOOKS 
(12  S.  x.  129). — I  have  always  taken  an 
interest  in  this  subject  and  herewith  I 
venture  to  enclose  a  list  of  dummy  books 
I  made  many  years  ago  for  a  door  in  my 
own  library. 

They  were  chiefly  compiled  from  a  com- 
petition which  was  then  going  on  in  Truth. 
It  will  be  observed  that  some  of  them  are 
topical  of  the  past.  It  would  be  interesting 
to  collect  specimens  from  some  of  the  country 
houses  of  England.  There  was  a  good  list 
at  Ritchings,  the  home  of  the  Meekings 
in  Buckinghamshire.  Viscount  Long  of 
Wraxhall  has  one  at  Rood  Ashton,  and  I 
have  somewhere  a  list  compiled  by  Charles 
Dickens  for  the  door  in  his  library  at  Gads- 
hill.  I  recollect  (when  I  stayed  there 
with  Major  Austin  Budden,  the  penultimate 
owner)  there  were  ten  thick  volumes  devoted 
to  '  Five  Minutes  in  China,*  and  some 
scathing  sub -titles  to  an  encyclopaedia  called 
'  The  Wisdom  of  our  Ancestors.' 

1.  '  A  New  England  Cat,'  by  M.  B.  W. 

2.  '  Thoughts  on  my  Bed,'  Stead. 

3.  '  The  Rightful  Heir  :  a  Story  of  the  Whigs.* 

4.  '  A  Brief  Tale  of  a  Manx  Cat,'  by  Hall  Caine. 

5.  '  Open  Sesame  !    or  Taken  in.' 

6.  '  The  Strange  Case  of  Ann  Chovies,'  by  the 
Editor  of  Howe  on  Toast. 

7.  '  The  Bloodhounds  of  Bodega  ;  or  Whines 
from  the  Wood.' 

8.  '  Lost  in  the  Wash,'  by  the  author  of  '  Bache- 
lors' Buttons.' 

9.  '  On  a  Japanese  Bike,'  by  the  author  of 
'  Cycle  of  Cathay." 

10.  *  Contents  of  a  Library,'  Wood. 

11.  '  Appearances  are  Deceitful.'     (Illustrated.) 

12.  '  Carpenter's  Works.' 

13.  '  Cover  Hunting,'  by  M.  T.  Ness. 

14.  '  Bunyan  on  the  Great  Toe.' 

15.  '  A  Bolt  from  the  Blue  ;     or  the  Deserting 
Policeman.' 

16.  '  Master  Wouldn't,'  by  Mrs.  Wood. 

17.  •  The  Last  Letter,'  by  Omega. 

1 8.  '  Midnight    Musings    on    the    Itchen  '  :     a 
sequel  to  '  A  Night  at  Margate.' 

19.  '  Lays  Ancient  and  Modern  ;     or  Thirteen 
Eggs  for  a  Shilling.' 

20.  '  Deceived,'  by  Ascham  Dawe. 

21.  '  Backs  et  praeterea  nihil,'  by  a  Carpenter. 

22.  '  (Euvres  de  la  Porte.' 


174 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[12  S.  X.  MAR.  4,  1922. 


23.  "  Keep  your  Pecker  up  ;     or  Prometheus 
•and  the  Vulture.' 

24.  '  Outside  the  Pale,'  by  Handel. 

25.  *  The  Fatal  Blow,'  by  John  Knox. 

26.  *  Tall  Tales,'  by  a  Kidder. 

27.  '  The  Air  Apparent  :    a  Tale  of  the  London 
Fog.' 

28.  '  The  Art  of  taking  Notes,'  by  a  Burglar. 

29.  'A    Vocabulary    of    British    Oaths  '  :     a 
sequel  to  '  Bradsbaw's  Railway  Guide.' 

30.  '  The  Window  Smasher  ;    or  the  Man  who 
saw  Glasgow.' 

31.  '  After  Death,'  Watt. 

32.  '  The     Disappointed     Cabman  ;       or     No 
Thoroughfare,'  by  Charles  Dickens. 

33.  «  The  Successful  Burglar  ;     or  Self  Help,' 
by  S.  Smiles. 

34.  '  Infra  Dig.  ;  or  Ashamed  to  Beg.' 

35.  *  The  Circular  Saw  ;    or  Who  saw  the  Cir- 
cular ?  ' 

36.  «  Certain  to  Snore,'  by  the  author  of  '  Per- 
chance to  Dream.' 

37.  '  The    Last    Watch,'    by    George    Atten- 
borough. 

38.  '  Vestments,'  by  Bishops  Westcott. 

39.  '  What's  in  a  Name  ?  '     Anon. 

40.  '  Heavenly  Twins,'  by  the  author  of  « The 
Double  Event.' 

41.  '  Exposed  Cards,'  by  Miss  Deal. 

42.  '  Thoughts    on   a   Future   State  ;    or   The 
Musings  of  a  Faded  Wall  Flower.' 

43.  '  The  Garden  of  Sleep,'  by  a  Collector  of 
Church  Sermons. 

44.  '  A  Staunch  Whig  ;   or  How  to  Hide  Bald- 


45.  '  La  Chrymose,'  by  M.  Thiere. 

46.  '  Reminiscences  of  Waterloo  '  (with  Plans), 
by  a  Visitor  to  Richmond. 

47.  '  Neck  or  Nothing,'  by  Walter  Crane. 

48.  '  All  Round  my  Hat,  Ma  !  '  by  Annie  B.'s 
Aunt. 

49.  '  Let  us  Pray,'  by  a  Company  Promoter. 

50.  '  Eavesdropping,'  by  Heard. 

51.  '  Thrice  Blessed  :    a  Tale  of  the  Queen's 
Bounty.' 

.  52.  '  Garden  Hoe,'  by  Ouida. 

53.  '  A  Life  of  Payne,'  by  Aikin. 

54.  'On  Home  Rule,'  by  Lilian  Bull. 

55.  '  Ann  Chovey,  or  Toasts.' 

56.  'A    Counter    Attraction  ;    or    the    Pretty 
Shopgirl.' 

.  57.  «  The  Triple  Alliance  ;  or  Thrtee  a  Bigamist.' 

58.  '  Who  goes  Home  ?  or  the  Martyrdom  of 
St.  Stephen's.' 

59.  '  The  Entrance  Out,'  by  U.  R.  Greene. 

60.  '  Cells,'  by  Warder. 

61.  '  Brigands    and   their    Haunts,'    originally 
published  as  «  A  Handy  Guide  to  the  Hotels  of 
Europe.' 

62.  '  The     Mother's     Dilemma  ;       or     Which 
Daughter  ?  '    by  Watson. 

63.  '  Tales  of  the  Mint,'  by  Lamb. 

64.  '  A  History  of  the  Scalds,'  by  Robert  Burns. 

65.  '  Boyle  on  the  Neck.' 

66.  '  False  better  than  True  :     a  Tale  of  the 
last  Decade,'  by  a  Dentist. 

67.  *  Punch,  on  the  Head.' 

68.  *  Our  Pet  Tragedian  ;   or  a  Pop'lar  Tree.' 
,.69.  '  Hints  on  Golf,'  by  One  of  a  Clique. 

WILLIAM  BULL. 


An  Editor's  note  to  a  query  on  the 
above  in  11  S.  iv.  230,  says  that  a 
'  List  of  Imitation  Book  Backs  '  was  made 
by  Dickens  for  Mr.  Eeles  in  1851  and  can  be 
seen  in  the  edition  of  his  letters  published 
by  Messrs.  Macmillan,  1893,  or  in  the  National 
edition  of  his  works,  vol.  37,  pp.  279-80.  A 
long  list  of  '  Sham  Book  Titles,'  by  Hood,  will 
be  found  at  8  S.  i.  63,  229  and  301.  For 
other  lists  see  9  S.  viii.  212  ;  ix.  384,  432. 
ARCHIBALD  SPARKE. 

"  ANGLICA  [OB  RUSTIC  A]  GENS,"  &c. 
(10  S.  ii.  405  ;  12  S.  x.  95). — Let  me  thank 
FAMA  for  this  earlier  example  of  the 
"  Anglica  "  version  of  the  line,  which  has 
now  been  shown  to  go  back  at  least  as  far 
as  1558.  But  I  can  cap  this  with  a  much 
older  specimen  of  the  "  Rustica  "  type. 

On   p.    86    of    Jakob    Werner's    '  Latein- 
ische    Sprichworter    und    Sinnspriiche    des 
Mittelalters  aus  Handschriften  gesammelt,' 
Heidelberg,  1912,  we  find 
Rustica  gens  est  optima  flens,  sed  pessirna  ridens. 

This  is  taken  from  a  MS.  in  the  University 

Library  at  Basel,  which  has  been  assigned 

to     the     fourteenth     century,     but     which 

Werner  judged  to  be  of  the  early  fifteenth. 

EDWARD  BENSLY. 

"  SATAN  REPROVING  SIN  "  (12  S.  x.  130). — 
The  earliest  instance  of  this  saying  at  the 
above  reference  was  dated  1721.  But  "  The 
Devil  rebukes  sin  "  is  in  John  Ray's  '  Col- 
lection of  English  Proverbs,'  p.  126,  2nd 
ed.,  1678.  Ray  appends  the  Latin  equiva- 
lent, 

Clodius  accusat  moechos. 
adapted  from 

[si    .    .    .    ]  Clodius  accuset  moechos. 

(Juvenal,  Sat.  ii.  27.) 

The  passage  in  Juvenal  beginning  at 
line  24, 

Quis  tulerit  Gracchos  de  seditione  querentes  ? 
is  certainly  the  locus  classicus  for  the  ex- 
pression in  detail  of  the  same  thought  as  that 
in  the  English  phrase.  This  latter  could 
probably  be  traced  to  a  much  earlier  date 
than  Ray's.  EDWARD  BENSLY. 

HOUSE  BELLS  (12  S.  ix.  190,  236).— Mrs. 
Adams,  on  her  arrival  at  the  White  House, 
Washington,  in  1800,  wrote :  "'  BeUs  are 
wholly  wanting,  not  one  single  one  being 
hung  through  the  whole  house  and  promises 
are  all  you  can  obtain."  See  '  Walks  about 
Washington,'  by  Francis  E.  Leupp  and 
Lester  Gr.  Hornby  (Boston  :  Little,  Brown 
and  Co.,  1915).  M. 


12  S.  X.  MAR.  4,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


175 


THE  PILLOW  (PILAU)  CLUB  (12  S.  ix.  169, 
235). — With  reference  to  my  query  in  regard 
to  the  above,  and  the  reply  kindly  given  by 
ST.  SWITHIN,  I  have  recently  found  another 
reference  to  the  club  which  proves  that  ST. 
SWITHIN  was  right  in  his  surmise  that  the 
word  is  pilau  and  that  the  club  consisted  of 
Anglo-Indians,  of  which  Sir  Robert  Nightin- 
gale, one  of  the  directors  of  the  East  India 
Company,  was  the  president.  The  members 
met  at  the  King's  Head,  Leadenhall 
Street.  Among  the  letters  written  from 
England  to  John  Scattergood,  merchant, 
while  in  India,  is  one  dated  "  From  the  Polow 
Club  at  the  King's  head  Leaden  Hall  Strett 
Decemr.  the  31st  1719."  It  is  signed  by 
Thomas  Panuwell  and  Richard  Rawlings, 
who  acknowledge  "  by  order  of  the  President 
Sir  Robt.  Nightingale  and  the  rest  of  the 
assembly,"  the  gift  of  "  a  Punchin  of  Old 
Arack,"  which  was  "  by  some  mistake  con- 
verted into  two  caske,  containing  in  all  fivety 
three  Gallons." 

I  presume  that  the  King's  Arms  where 
the  club  met  was  identical  with  the  coaching 
inn  which  appears  in  MB.  DE  CASTRO'S  list 
(12  S.  viii.  85)  for  the  year  1732.  If  so,  it 
must  have  been  in  existence  at  least  some 
fifteen  years  earlier.  Is  it  known  when  this 
inn  disappeared  ? 

BERNARD  P.  SCATTERGOOD. 

COMMONWEALTH  MARRIAGES  AND  BURIALS 
(12  S.  x.  81,  104,  124,  142).— An  explanation 
of  the  form  of  the  Aldeburgh  registers 
will  be  found  on  consulting  Scobell's 
'  Acts  and  Ordinances  of  Parliament,' 
November,  1640,  to  September,  1656.  Cap. 
vi.  of  the  Ordinances  of  Barebone's  Parlia- 
ment in  1653  directs  how  marriages  shall  be 
solemnized  and  registered  after  September 
29  in  that  year,  and  directs  also  births  and 
deaths  to  be  registered.  I  believe  that  a 
new  edition  of  these  Ordinances  has  been 
published  recently.  The  provisions  as  to 
marriages  are  mentioned  in  Neal's  '  Puri- 
tans,' ii.,  p.  603  of  the  1837  edition. 

A.  D.  T. 

EDWARD  CAPERN  (12  S.  x.  110). — I  enclose 
an  extract  from  Boase  which  answers 
W.  N.  C.'s  query. 

CAPERN,  EDWARD  (the  child  of  a  baker  at 
Tiverton),  born  Tiverton,  21  July,  1819;  worked 
in  Derby  lace  factory,  Barnstaple,  1827-47  ; 
rural  postman  at  and  near  Bideford  1848-1868; 
granted  a,  Civil  List  pension  of  £40  a  year  23rd 
Nov.  1857,  raised  to  £60  24th  Nov.  1865.  Re- 
sided at  Harborne,  near  Birmingham,  1868-84  ; 
lectured  in  the  Midland  Counties  ;  W.  S.  Landor 
pronounced  him  to  be  a  noble  poet  and  dedicated 


his  poem  '  Anthony  and  Octavius,'  1856,  to  him  ; 
author  of  Poems,  1856,  3  ed.  1859;  Ballads  and 
Songs,  1858;  Devonshire  Melodist,  1862;  Way- 
side Warbles,  1865  ;  Sungleams  and  Shadows,. 
1881.  Died,  Braunton,  near  Barnstaple,  N. 
Devon,  4th  June,  1894.  Buried  Heanton  Pun- 
chard  on,  near  Braunton  ;  his  postman's  bell 
was  let  into  his  gravestone.  His  portrait,  by 
E.  Williams,  hangs  in  Bideford  public  library. 

W.  H.   G.* 

The  following  is  extracted  from  '  The  Life 
and  Letters  of  R.  S.  Hawker,'  by  C.  E.  Byle* 
(John  Lane,  1905),  p.  245  : — 

Capern  .  .  .  was  buried  at  Heanton  Pvm- 
chardon,  near  Northam.  .  .  .  On  his  tomb- 
stone is  the  following  inscription  : — 

Edward  Capern 
The  Postman  Poet 
Born  at  Tiverton,  21  Jan.  1819 
Died  at  Braunton,  4  June  1694 
O  Lark-like  Poet  :   carol  on, 
Lost  in  dim  light,  an  unseen  trill  ! 
We,  in  the  Heaven  where  you  are  gone, 
Find  you  no  more,  but  hear  you  still. 

ALEBED  AUSTIN, 
The  Poet  Laureate. 

Above  the  inscription  is  fixed  the  bell  which 
Capern  used  to  ring  to  announce  his  arrival  when 
on  his  rounds. 

M. 

THE  ROYAL  SOCIETY  AND  FREEMASONRY. 
(12  S.  x.  42).- — The  prevalence  of  Free- 
masonry amongst  Fellows  of  the  Royal 
Society  was  dealt  with  in  Ars  Quatuor 
Coronatorum,  vol.  xi.  116  (1898),  by 
Mr.  Edward  Armitage,  who,  by  comparing 
the  list  of  Fellows  in  1722  with  contem- 
porary lists  of  Masonic  lodges,  found 
forty-seven  names  common  to  both,  indi- 
cating that  apparently  nearly  25  per  cent, 
of  the  F.R.S.  were  also  members  of  the 
masonic  craft.  W.  B.  H. 

PICTURES  IN  THE  HERMITAGE  AT  PETRO- 
GRAD  ( 12  S.  ix.  528  ;  x.  114). — Perhaps  I  may 
be  allowed  to  add  something  to  what  has 
already  been  said  upon  this  subject.  When 
trouble  began  in  Russia,  certain  lovers  of 
art  banded  themselves  together  to  protect 
the  museums  and  picture  galleries.  The 
authorities  allowed  them  to  do  what  they 
thought  best,  and  they  removed  a  few  of 
the  pictures  from  the  Hermitage  for  the 
sake  of  greater  safety,  but  left  most  of  them 
in  the  Hermitage,  where  they  may  now  be 
seen  by  visitors  to  Petrograd.  At  the 
beginning  of  the  period  of  trouble  there  was 
a  certain  amount  of  pilfering,  but  not,  I 
am  informed,  very  much. 

The  same  truth  holds  good  about  the 
treasures  in  the  churches  in  the  great  cities 
of  Russia.  The  icons  are  still  there,  and  so 


176 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[12S.  X.  MAR.  4,  1922. 


are  the  diamonds  that  surround  them 
and  the  precious  stones  that  sparkle  on  the 
metal  drapery  of  the  saints.  Here  again 
there  has  been  a  little  pilfering.  But  the 
ecclesiastical  art  treasures  have  been  pre- 
served, partly  owing  to  the  attitude  of  the 
authorities  of  the  Orthodox  Church,  who  at 
once  dissociated  religion  from  politics, 
and  partly  owing  to  a  great  revival  of  reli- 
gious sentiment  among  the  Russian  pea- 
santry. Even  the  Bolshevist  found  it 
hopeless  to  interfere  with  the  masses  in 
this  respect  of  their  religious  observances. 
T.  PERCY  ARMSTRONG. 
The  Authors'  Club,  Whitehall,  S.W. 

EIGHTEENTH -CENTURY  POETS  (12  S.  x.  91, 
108,  137). — 4.  John  Hughes, '  On  Arqueanassa 
•of  Colophos.'  The  lady's  name  and  place  of 
origin  have  been  curiously  perverted.  The 
Greek  elegiac  quatrain  addressed  to  Arche- 
anassa  of  Colophon  is  quoted  by  Diogenes 
Laertius,  iii.  23,  31,  and  ascribed  to  Plato, 
whose  mistress  Archeanassa  was  said  to 
have  been.  We  get  the  lines  again  in 
Athenaeus,  xiii.  589c,  d,  with  the  same 
-account  of  Plato's  liaison  and  authorship. 
In  the  '  Palatine  Anthology,'  vii.  217,  the 
writer's  name  is  given  as  Asclepiades,  and 
the  '  Planudean  Anthology '  has  the  same 
attribution.  The  versions  in  Diogenes  and 
Athenaeus  differ  in  several  particulars 
from  one  another  and  from  the  Anthology 
version.  Commentators  refer  to  a  French 
translation  of  the  lines  by  Larcher. 

18.  I.  H.  Browne's  '  A  Pipe  of  Tobacco.' 
See  the  late  W.   P.  COURTNEY'S  paper  on 
'*  Dodsley's     Famous   Collection   of   Poetry,' 
10    S.    vii.    83.     The    parody    of    Ambrose 
Philips  is  there   said,    on  the  authority  of 
'Gent.    Mag.,    1776,    p.    165,    to    have    been 
written  by   (Chancellor)   John  Hoadly. 

19.  John    Straight.     See    the   account    of 
the  Rev.   John   Straight  at   10   S.   xi.    143, 
in  another  of  W.  P.  COURTNEY'S  articles  on 
Dodsley's    '  Collection.'     Straight    matricu- 
lated   from    Wadham    College,    Oxford,    on 
March    28,    1705,    aged    17.     This   gives   an 
approximate  date  for  his  birth.     COURTNEY'S 
interesting  contributions  to    '  N.    &   Q.'    on 
Dodsley    were    afterwards    privately    pub- 
lished in  book  form. 

29.  Mrs.  Greville,  author  of  the  '  Prayer 
for  Indifference.'  See  a  reply  by  the  late 
COLONEL  PRIDEAUX  on  '  Prayer  for  Indiffer- 
ence,' at  10  S.  ii.  335.  According  to  him, 
.Frances,  daughter  of  James  Macartney,  mar- 
ried, in  January,  1747,  Fulke  Greville,  son  of 


the  Hon.  Algernon  Greville  and  grandson  of 
Fulke  Greville,  fifth  Lord  Brooke,  and  died 
in  1789.  In  the  '  Minerva  Library  '  edition  of 
Locker -Lampson's  '  Lyra  Elegantiarum  '  the 
date  of  Mrs.  Greville's  birth  is  given,  with  a 
query,  as  1720. 

COLONEL  PRIDEAUX  notes  that  she  had 
several  children,  the  most  celebrated  of 
whom  was  Mrs.  Crewe,  the  beautiful  Whig 
hostess.  EDWARD  BENSLY. 

If  I.  A.  WILLIAMS  is  including  any 
eighteenth- century  dialect  poems,  I  have  a 
good  MS.  collection  of  unpublished  '  Rhymes 
of  the  Times  '  of  that  period  which  I  should 
be  happy  to  place  at  his  disposal. 

J.  FAIRFAX-BLAKEBOROUGH. 

Grove  House,  Norton-on-Tees. 

8.  Henry  Carey's  dates  are  given  as  1693  ?- 
1743  in  *'  The  Oxford  Book  of  English 
Verse.' 

10.  Mrs.  Mary  Monk.     W.  H.  K.  Wright, 

in  '  West  Country  Poets,'  gives  her  dates  as 

1680-1715,  and  says  that  Polwhele  mentions 

|  her  as  a  Devonian,  also  information  of  her 

life. 

18.  I.    H.    Browne's    '  Pipe   of   Tobacco.' 

lAs  regards    the    "ingenious    friend"    who 

!  sent  him  the  parody  of  Ambrose  Philips, 

!  Fairholt,  in  his  '  Tobacco  :  its  History  and 

Associations,'   states   (on  the  authority  of 

Ritson)    that    the    author    was    Dr.    John 

j  Hoadley. 

28.  Mary    Whately.     I    believe    there    is 
I  some     account     of    her    in     '  Staffordshire 

Stories  '  (1906),  by  Mr.  F.  W.  Hackwood.  She 

married  the  Rev.  John  Darwall  (1731-89)  in 

1766.     Their  daughter  Elizabeth  (1779- 1851) 

was  author  of  '  The  Storm  and  Other  Poems  ' 

!  (1810).     For     further     particulars     of     the 

I  Darwalls  see  Simms's  '  Bibliotheca  Staff  ordi- 

|  ensis.'     Four  poems  by  Mrs.  Darwall  appear 

i  in  vol.  iii.  of  '  A  Collection  of  Poems,  in  Four 

Volumes,    by   Several   Hands '     (G.    Perch, 

1775). 

29.  Mrs.  Greville.    Frederic  Rowton,  in  his 
'  Female  Poets  of  Great  Britain,'    gives  the 
'  Prayer  for  Indifference  '  and  the  Countess  of 
Carlisle's  answer,  but  can  give  no  particulars. 
Allibone's  '  Dictionary  of  English  and  Ameri- 
can Authors  '  gives  "  Mrs.  Frances  Greville," 
who,    he    says,     was    daughter     of     James 
Macartney,    wife    of    Fulke    Greville,    and 
mother  of  the  "  celebrated    beauty  "    Mrs. 
Crewe    and     of    Captain     William     Fulke 
Greville,    and    wrote    the  '  Prayer '     about 
1753.     No  other  dates  given. 

RUSSELL  MARKLAND. 


12  S.  X.  MAR.  4,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


177 


30.  William  Kendall.  Biographical  notes 
on  Wm.  Kendall  (1768-1832)  may  be  found' 
in  Trewman's  Flying  Post  (Exeter),  1832, 
March  29,  p.  2,  col.  5  ;  ditto,  1849,  May  31, 
p.  6,  col.  4  (being  No.  24  of  Geo.  Oliver's 
'  Biographies  of  Eminent  Exonians') ;  and 
Wm.  H.  K.  Wright's  'West  Country 
Poets.'  Kendall  was  baptized  at  Exeter 
(St.  Mary  Major)  on  Dec.  3,  1768,  and  was 
drowned  in  the  River  Wrey  at  Bovey  Tracy 
on  March  26,  1832.  He  was  buried  at  | 
Exeter  (St.  Lawrence).  Kendall  published  a  | 
volume  of  '  Poems  '  in  1791,  privately  | 
printed  (as  to  place  of  printing,  see  9  S.  iii. 
246) ;  '  The  Science  of  Legislation,'  trans- 
lated from  the  Italian  of  Filangieri  (pre- 
face dated  in  1792) ;  and  '  Poems  '  (Exeter, 
Trewman)  in  1793.  The  poems  of  1793 
include  Elegiac  Stanzas,  Occasional 
Verses,  Sonnets,  Fairy  Fantasies,  and 
imitations  of  Catullus.  M. 

30.  William  Kendall.  The  Exeter  Public 
Library  contains  two  copies  of  the  1793 
edition  of  Kendall's  poems. 

We  also  have  an  edition  published  in 
1791  by  "W.  Kendall."  The  1793  edition 
was  published  by  R.  Trewman  of  this  city, 
but  on  the  1791  edition  there  is  no  imprint 
whatever.  However,  from  internal  evidence, 
such  as  type  and  ornaments  used,  there  is 
no  doubt  that  it  came  from  Trewman's 
Press. 

Many  of  the  poems  of  the  1791  edition 
.are  repeated  in  the  1793  edition  in  a  revised 
or  extended  form.  In  the  1791  edition  a 
footnote  to  the  verses  'To  Laura,'  says, 
"  Composed  at  a  very  early  age,  the  writer's 
first  production." 

Kendall  also  published  at  the  age  of  24 
&  translation  of  '  An  Analysis  of  the  Science 
of  Legislation,'  from  the  Italian  of  Chevalier 
Filangieri,  but  I  have  never  come  across  a 
-copy  of  this  work.  There  is  a  copy  of  it  in  the 
British  Museum,  also  of  the  two  volumes 
of  poems  mentioned  above. 

H.  TAPLEY-SOPEB,  F.S.A. 

'THE  INGOLDSBY  LEGENDS'  (12  S.  x. 
33,  99).—'  The  Old  Woman  Clothed  in  Grey.' 
Dullman,  "  the  worthy  Jesuit's  polemical 
publisher,"  =  Charles  Dolman  (1807-1863), 
Roman  Catholic  publisher.  See  '  D.N.B.' 

'The  Black  Mousquetaire.'  'Tom- 
pion's  I  presume  ?  ' — FABQUHAB."  Barham 
is  quoting  from  Farquhar's  comedy,  '  The 
Inconstant ;  or,  The  Way  to  Win  Him,' 
Act  V.,  scenes  ii.  and  iv.,  where  Young 
Mirabel  is  trapped  in  Lamorce's  lodgings, 


and  rescued  later  by  a  party  of  soldiers. 
The  words  are  used  by  Lamorce  in  scene  ii. 
when  she  extorts  Mirabel's  watch  from  him, 
and  by  Mirabel  himself  in  scene  iv.  when 
recovering  it  from  her. 

'  The  Leech  of  Folkestone.'  "  One  skull 
of  such  surpassing  size  and  thickness  as 
would  have  filled  the  soul  of  a  Spurzheim 
or  De  Ville  with  wonderment."  See  10  S. 
x.  91,  157,  where  Deville  is  described  as 
a  phrenologist  "  somewhere  in  the  forties 
of  last  century."  One  correspondent 
quoted  from  '  A  Woman  of  Mind  '  : — 

My  wife  is  a  woman  of  mind, 

And  Deville,  who  examined  her  bumps, 

Vowed  that  never  were  found  in  a  woman 
Such  large  intellectual  lumps. 

At  the  second  reference  the  late  MB. 
RICHABD  WEUFOBD  gave  some  lines  from 
Robert  Montgomery's  satire,  '  The  Age 
Reviewed,'  in  which  "  foggy  Spurzheim," 
Combe,  Gall,  and  "  smug  Deville "  were 
assailed. 

'  The  Babes  in  the  Wood.'  "  Split,  and 
told  the  whole  story  to  Cotton."  I  do  not 
know  whether  Sir  Robert  Bruce  Cotton,  as 
suggested,  ante,  p.  99,  was  connected  with 
the  transmission  of  the  legend.  One  is 
tempted  to  suggest  that  we  have  a  reference 
to  the  Rev.  Horace  S.  Cotton,  D.D.,  who 
was  Ordinary  of  Newgate  at  least  as  late 
as  1831.  See  10  S.  vii.  408,  454. 

'  The  Hand  of  Glory.'  "  The  broad, 
Double- Joe  from  ayont  the  sea."  A  joe 
is  said  by  Prof.  Weekley, '  Etymological  Diet, 
of  Mod.  English,'  to  be  an  archaic  term  for  a 
Portuguese  coin,  after  Joannes  V.  (f  1750). 

'  Patty  Morgan  the  Milkmaid's  Story.' 
"  Gryffith  ap  Conan."  This  is  presumably 
Gruff ydd  ab  Cynan  (1055  ?- 11 37).  See  the 
'  D.N.B.' 

"Preface  to  the  second  edition"  (Feb. 
2,  1843).  "  AH  modern  Shakespearian^, 
including  the  rival  editors  of  the  new  and 
illustrated  versions."  One  of  these  editors 
must  be  Charles  Knight,  whose  '  Pictorial 
Shakspere '  was  published  1838-41.  Was 
J.  Payne  Collier's  edition  (1842-44)  or  B.  W. 
Procter's  (1839-43)  or  Thomas  Campbell's 
(1838)  illustrated  ?  EDWABD  BENSLY. 

'  Smuggler's  Leap  '  (p.  329).  Nock. 
There  were  two  famous  gunsmiths  of  this 
name.  The  earlier,  Henry  Nock,  in  1787  in- 
vented a  breech-plug,  known  as  the  "  patent 
breech,"  which  was  long  used,  and  he  also 
introduced  the  short  flat  piece  on  the  top 
of  gun-barrels  still  known  as  the  "  Nock 
form."  There  are  several  examples  of  his 


178 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[12  S.  X.  MAR.  4,  1922. 


work  in,  the  Royal  Collection,  at  Windsor, 
and  from  the  date -letters  on,  the  silver 
mountings  of  these  weapons  they  can  be 
accurately  dated  ;  the  years  1788,  1790, 
and  1792  occur,  which  seems  to  have  been 
about  the  busiest  time  of  his  life.  According 
to  the  Inventories  of  the  Armour,  &c.,  in, 
the  Tower  of  London,  his  shop  was  at  180, 
Fleet  Street. 

The  other  gunsmith  of  the  name,  Samuel 
Nock,  appears  as  a  gunsmith  at  the  same 
address  in  1812.  He  was  probably  the  son 
of  Henry  Nock. 

Both  the  Nocks  were  good  workmen,  and 
made  both  sporting  and  military  guns, 
besides  pistols  of  many  patterns. 

E.    R. 

w  NAMING  OF  PUBLIC  ROOMS  IN  INNS  (12  S. 
ix.  189  and  passim)s — Some  of  the  numerous 
correspondents  who  answered  this  inquiry 
may  possibly  be  interested  in  this  record 
of  the  George  Hotel,  Winchester,  which 
dates  back  to  the  fifteenth  century,  pos- 
sibly earlier : — - 

Proprietor  John  Harris,  1655. 

The  Swan.  The  Tuns. 

The  Adam  and  Eve.        The  Marigold. 

The  Nag's  Head.  The  Crown. 

The  Sun.  The  Lion. 

The  Mermaid.  The  Bull. 

The  Fleur-de-lis.  The  Rose. 

The  Falcon.  The  Pomegranate. 

The  Chequer.  The  Star. 

The  Half-Moon.  The  Dolphin. 

The  Cross  Keys.  The  Squirrel. 

The  Bell.  The  Dagger. 

The  Talbot.  The  Green  Dragon. 

The  Shumeboard.  The  Greyhound. 

W.    COUBTHOPE   FOBMAN. 

NEVIN  FAMILY  (12  S.  x.  131). — It  is 
recorded  in  the  pedigree  of  Irwin  of  Mount 
Irwin  (Burke's  '  Landed  Gentry  of  Ireland,' 
1912)  that  "  Robert  Irwin  of  Mount  Irwin, 
Co.  Armagh,  married  the  daughter  of 


Nevin,  and  had  issue,  with  three  daughters, 
four  sons."  The  second  son,  William 
Irwin,  was  born  in  1769,  so  the  marriage 
may  be  dated  about  1760-1765.  This 
lady  may  have  been  one  of  the  family  men- 
tioned in  the  query,  perhaps  a  daughter  of 
William  Nevin,  who  succeeded  to  the 
Ministry  of  Downpatrick  in  1746.  A  MS. 
pedigree  of  Black  of  Newry,  Co.  Down,  in 
my  possession,  states  that  William  Black, 
M.D.,  of  Newry,  married  Jane,  daughter  of 
W.  Irwin  of  Mount  Irwin,  Sheriff  of  Armagh, 
and  their  son,  Thomas  Black,  M.D.,  was  born 
in  1799.  William  Irwin  married  (according 
.to  Burke)  in  1809,  Sarah,  daughter  of 
Samuel  de  la  Cherois-Crommelin,  so  the 


parentage  of  Jane  Black  would  appear  to- 
be  incorrectly  stated  in  my  pedigree.  She 
might,  however,  have  been  a  younger 
daughter  of  the  Robert  Irwin  mentioned 
above.  I  should  be  glad  of  any  information 
which  would  assist  me  in  establishing  her 
parentage.  C.  W.  FIBEBBACE  (Capt.). 

BBITISH  SETTLEBS  IN  AMEBICA  (12  S.  ix. 
462, 517, 521 ;  x.  57, 114). — Marsh, Kinswomen 
Mary  and  Ann,  daurs.  of  Joseph  and  Eliza- 
beth Marsh,  late  of  Philadelphia,  Pen., 
Glovers,  mentioned  in  Will  of  John  Andrews, 
1757.  (250  Busby,  P.C.C.) 

May,  son  Alexander,  gone  to  Virginia, 
mentioned  in  Will  of  Alexander  May  of 
Clanfield,  Co.  Oxford.  (Cons.  Oxfd.,  vol.  A, 
p.  400.) 

Davison,  Hilkiah,  of  St.  Mary's  in  Jamaica, 
born  in  Winchester,  Co.  Southton.  Sworn 
9  Sep.  1744.  (C.  Reg.  of  Affadavits,  52-1033.) 

Pearce,  Mathew,  emigrated  from  Kings 
Langley,  Herts,  to  New  South  Wales,  2  Jany. 
1832.  (C.O.,  206/33.) 

GEBALD  FOTHEBGLLL. 

11,  Brussels  Road,  St.  John's  Hill, 
New  Wandsworth,  S.W.  11. 

POEM  OF  THE  SIXTIES  WANTED  (12  S.  x.  132). — 
The  little  poem  about  the  two  poor  boys  was 

composed  by  Mary  Sewell,    1797-1884.     Its  title 

is     '  A  Mother's   Last  Words.'     The  ballad  was. 

published  in  1860,  and  according  to  the  *  D.N.B.' 

1,088,000  copies  were  sold. 

D.  A.  CRUSE. 
Leeds  Library. 


on 

Alumni      Cantabrigienses.     A   Biographical    List 
of  all  known  Students,  Graduates  and  Holders 
of  Office  at  the  University  of  Cambridge  from 
the  earliest  times  to  1900.     Compiled  by  John 
Venn  and  J.  A.  Venn.  Part  I.  From  the  earliest 
times  to  1751.     Vol.  i.     Abbas— Cutts.     (Cam- 
bridge University  Press,  £7  10s.  net.) 
To  readers  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  there  is  no  need  to  labour 
the  importance  of  the  great  work  which,  in  the 
volume  before  us,  begins  to  see  the  light.     It  is, 
in  its  kind,  a  classic,  which,  as  time  goes  on,  will 
gain  in  interest  and  value,  which  may  be  added 
to  here  and  there,  or  corrected,  but  which  can 
never    be    superseded.     The    compilers    in    their 
Preface  anticipate  one   of  the   earliest   impulses 
which  must  inevitably  arise  in  the  mind  of  any 
person  who  takes  up  this  book  for  the  first  time- — 
a    comparison    with    the    '  Alumni    Oxonienses.' 
The  first  instalment  of  Foster's  work  was  wel- 
comed in  our  columns  at  7  S.  iv.  379  (Nov.  5,  1887), 
by  the   pen   of   Joseph    Knight,    who   addressed 
himself  most  zealously  to  showing  its  high  utility, 
yet   at   a   later   date,   upon   reviewing   a   second 
instalment  at  7  S.  vii.   19  (Jan.  5,   1889),  had  to 
lament  the  slightness  of  the  support  it  had  met 
with.     Already,   it   appears,   he   had   received   a 


12  S.  X.  MAR.  4,1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


179 


hint  that  the  Cambridge  registers  might  in  their 
turn  be  published. 

It  would  be  difficult  to  exaggerate  our  many- 
sided  indebtedness  to  Foster  and  to  Colonel 
Chester  before  him,  but  it  must  be  conceded 
that  the  compilers  of  the  Cambridge  Register 
have  both  encountered  greater  difficulties  and 
achieved  more.  The  '  Alumni  Oxonienses '  go 
back  but  to  1500  ;  the  first  '  Alumni  Canta- 
brigienses  '  date  from  1261.  Yet  again,  Foster 
had  the  Oxford  matriculation  records  in  a  com- 
plete transcript  to  form  his  basis  :  the  Cambridge 
matriculation  records  from  their  inception  in 
1544  had  not  been  so  prepared.  Moreover,  for 
the  earlier  years  they  are  but  scanty  and  the 
business  of  supplementing  them  brought  a  new 
complication  to  light.  Students  were  found 
duly  entered  at  a  College  who  had  never  matricu- 
lated. It  became  clear  that  the  matriculation 
records  were  far  from  representing  the  whole 
of  the  men  who  had  passed  through  the  university  ; 
and  further,  that  the  men  unrecorded  in  them 
tended  to  be  specially  youths  of  some  social  or 
political  importance.  Hence  it  was  seen  to  be 
necessary  to  search  the  Admission  Registers  of 
all  the  Colleges,  and  no  fewer  than  3,000  addi- 
tional names  were  thereby  obtained.  It  must  be 
conceded  that  this  suggests  the  desirability  of 
making  similar  investigations  at  Oxford.  The 
name  of  Oliver  CromweU,  as  the  Preface  points 
out,  is  the  monumental  instance  to  this  purpose. 
He  appears  on  the  Register  of  Sidney  and  resided 
for  a  year,  but  neither  matriculated  nor  graduated. 

A  most  interesting  section  of  the  Preface  is 
that  describing  the  University  Records.  The 
dislike  of  writing  things  up  seems  ineradicable — 
not  to  be  overcome  save  by  compulsion.  The 
Registrary  for  1590-1601  was,  in  that  respect,  a 
person  of  such  negligence  that  he  recorded  no 
matriculations  at  all.  This  would  not  be  possible 
at  the  present  day,  but  was  easy  enough  according 
to  the  old  system,  by  which  the  boys'  names, 
with  other  requisite  particulars,  were  sent  in  to 
the  Registrary  by  prelectores — College  officers  in 
charge  of  the  youth — for  him  to  copy  into  his 
book.  These  prelectors'  lists  have  been  kept, 
and  recourse  has  been  had  to  them  to  supplement 
and  correct  the  errors  and  omissions  of  the  official 
scribe  ;  and  it  is  interesting  to  observe  that  these 
exemplify  the  not  uncommon  inverse  proportion 
between  the  importance  of  a  document  and  its 
legibility.  The  Grace  Books  form  a  continuous 
series  from  1454  to  the  present  day  ;  and  in  the 
Ordo  Senioritatis  Cambridge  possesses  a  nearly 
unique  "  Honours  list."  A  third  list,  that  of  the 
Supplicats,  completes  the  records  of  Degrees. 
The  Grace  Books  go  furthest  back ;  for  about  two 
centuries  of  university  history  anterior  to  these 
search  has  to  be  made  elsewhere. 

Four  of  the  Colleges  have  published  their 
records.  The  best  of  them  is  that  of  Gonville 
and  Caius,  but  Trinity  possesses,  in  the  names  of 
students  of  King's  Hall,  the  earliest  continuous 
list  of  scholars  in  existence.  These  "  King's 
Scholars  "  were  assisted  by  payments  from  the 
Exchequer,  and  the  list  has  been  extracted  from 
the  records  of  the  Exchequer.  Published  or 
unpublished,  all  the  College  records  have  been 
worked  through,  but  even  so  finality  is  not  to 
be  reached.  Up  to  about  the  middle  of  the 
sixteenth  century  there  abounded  at  Cambridge 


hostels  or  boarding-houses  which  were  as  populous 
as  the  Colleges,  and  frequented,  it  would  appear, 
by  the  youths  of  higher  social  position.  So  far 
as  is  now  known  none  of  their  books  has  been 
preserved,  and  it  seems  improbable  that  any  of 
the  lists  of  names  belonging  to  them  will  now  be 
recovered. 

For  the  most  interesting  names — those  of  the 
earnest  times,  search  had  to  be  made  in  many 
quarters.  Episcopal  Registers  naturally  yielded 
a  good  deal :  and  the  compilers  point  to  one 
class  of  information  contained  in  these  which  is 
of  peculiar  interest — the  occasional  leave  of 
absence  from  his  parish  granted  by  a  bishop  to 
a  clerk  to  enable  him  to  study  for  a  certain 
length  of  time  at  a  university.  College  Account- 
books  ;  Patent  and  Close  Rolls,  Papal  Letters 
and  other  public  records,  as  well  as  lists  of 
ordinations  and  institutions  to  livings  will  present 
themselves  to  most  readers'  minds  as  sources  to 
be  investigated,  and  a  consideration  of  the  labour 
thereby  involved  will  occur  as  a  matter  of  course. 
It  is  greatly  to  be  regretted  that  the  compilers 
found  their  work  obstructed  in  some  quarters. 
It  seems  extraordinary  that  so  heavy  a  fee  as 
six  shillings  and  eightpence  an  hour  should  be 
charged  for  examination  of  an  Episcopal  registry 
when  the  research  was  for  a  purely  historical 
purpose. 

To  turn  from  the  Preface  to  the  list  itself — • 
this  is  arranged  substantially  on  the  plan  of  the 
*  Alumni  Oxonienses,'  minor  alterations  in  the 
spelling  of  well-known  names  being  ignored  in 
the  alphabet.  The  biographical  notices  fre- 
quently contain  points  of  curious  interest. 
Those  who  make  a  study  of  names  will  discover 
instances  worth  noting — while  the  systematic 
genealogist  needs  no  recommendation  to  send 
him  to  a  work  for  which  he  has  been  waiting. 
Those  who  possess  the  *  D.N.B.'  might  usefully 
annotate  one  or  two  biographies  from  this  list — 
that  of  Walter  Balcanqual,  for  example,  which 
is  astonishingly  incorrect,  or  that  of  Henry 
BiUingsley.  Among  the  names  included  in  Part  I. 
are  those  of  more  than  a  hundred  Cambridge 
students  who  emigrated  to  New  England  before 
1650,  biographies  of  whom  have  been  supplied 
by  Mr.  J.  Gardner  Bartlett  of  Boston,  Mass. 
The  names  contained  in  this  first  volume  number 
some  twenty  thousand. 

Measure    for    Measure.     (Cambridge    University 

Press.     7s.  net.) 

WE  have  here  before  us  the  fourth  volume  of  that 
"  New  Shakespeare  "  which  has  already  established 
itself  as  an  authoritative  interpretaton  of  the 
Plays.  There  is  none  among  these  like  '  Measure 
for  Measure  '  for  tantalizing  an  editor  and  pricking 
his  ingenuity  ;  and  none  which  more  acutely  vexes 
a  lover  of  the  poet  by  its  incongruities  and  its 
steep  descents  from  the  height  of  beauty  to  depths 
of  squalid  futility.  Sir  Arthur  Quiller-Couch  in 
his  Introduction  first  gives  us  Whetstone's  sketch 
of  the  Italian  story  upon  which  the  plot  is  founded, 
and  then  proceeds  to  search  for  the  flaw  whereby 
the  play  as.  a  whole  must  be  acknowledged  to 
miss  fire.  He  discusses  first  its  licentiousness,  and 
since  it  has  come  to  be  regarded  as  the  locus 
classicus  for  this  quality  in  Shakespearian  drama 
he  takes  occasion  by  it  to  deliver  his  main 
opinion  on  the  subject  as  a  whole.  These  sections, 


180 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[12S.  X.  MAR.  4,  1022. 


in  our  opinion,  express  very  happily,  and  with 
Sir  Arthur's  usual  freshness  and  sureness  of 
handling,  the  judgment  formed  by  most  plain 
readers  who  know  and  love  Shakespeare  well 
without  being  inspired  or  compelled  to  find  some- 
thing new  to  say  of  him.  Not,  however,  in  these 
matters  does  he  find  the  cause  of  failure,  though 
he  reminds  us  that  the  play  belongs  to  the  myste- 
riously troubled  period  of  Shakespeare's  life  when 
his  view  of  the  relations  between  man  and  woman 
shows  itself  dark  and  bitter. 

Our  critic  agrees  with  Walter  Pater  in 
taking  the  idea  of  the  play  to  be  poetical 
justice  ;  but  he  urges  that  Pater  reports  aright 
not  what  Shakespeare  succeeded  in  doing  but 
only  what  he  intended  to  do.  A  criticism  of  the 
character  of  Isabella  leads  him  to  the  heart  of  the 
puzzle — to  the  radical  inconsistency  which  damns 
the  play  as  unrealized.  We  think  he  bears  too 
hardly  on  Isabella  in  the  matter  of  Mariana, 
and  makes  too  little  of  the  pre-contract.  After  all  a 
solemn  betrothal  could  be  annulled  only  by  a  papal 
dispensation,  without  which  the  parties  were  not 
free  to  marry  elsewhere.  Perhaps  Sir  Arthur 
"  forgot  to  remember "  the  tedious  business 
between  John  Paston  and  Anne  Haute.  The 
intervening  century  would  count  for  little  as 
regards  stories.  On  the  other  hand,  more  emphasis 
might  well  have  been  laid  on  the  inconsistency  of 
Isabella's  easy  consent  to  marry  the  Duke.  Her 
rebukes  to  Claudio,  as  they  stand,  are  impossibly 
rough  in  wording,  but  at  least  they  convey,  in 
addition  to  the  anger  of  an  honest  woman,  detesta- 
tion of  the  suggested  violation  of  her  vows  ;  they 
carry  on  the  note  struck  in  the  scene  in  the 
nunnery,  that  of  the  "  thing  enskied  and  sainted." 
The  character  in  fact  splits  in  two  ;  being,  as  we 
find  her,  so  nobly  a  nun,  the  Isabella  of  the  first 
part  could  not,  without  a  struggle  of  some  sort, 
have  renounced  her  calling.  In  fact,  in  such  a 
person,  the  breakdown  of  a  vow  would  itself  be 
matter  for  a  play.  Here  it  is  treated  with  a. 
carelessness  which,  from  the  dramatic  point  of 
view,  ruins  the  character. 

Who  is  to  say  what  Shakespeare  himself  did  or 
intended  in  '  Measure  for  Measure  '  ?  We  have 
nothing  but  the  folio  text,  in  which  appear  plainly 
numerous  inaccuracies  to  be  imputed  to  careless 
transcribing,  and  also  at  least  two  processes,  of 
abridgment  and  expansion,  in  a  working  over 
of  the  text.  Mr.  Dover  Wilson,  after  discussing 
these  processes  makes  an  important  contri- 
bution  to  the  question  of  the  date  of  the  play, 
confirming  the  entry  in  the  Account  Books  of  the 
Revels  Office,  by  which  this  is  now  accepted  as 
Dec.  26,  1604.  He  points  out  that  the  "  black 
Masques  "  which  "  proclaim  an  enshield  beauty  " 
are  a  compliment,  in  advance,  to  Ben  Jonson  and 
his  "  Masque  of  Blackness,"  which  was  given  at 
Court  on  Twelfth  Night,  1605.  In  this  the 
masquers  were  placed  in  a  great  concave  shell 
devised  by  Inigo  Jones.  The  allusion  falls 
in  happily  with  those  already  noted  by  students 
to  James  I.'s  dislike  of  crowds.  The  discussion 
of  the  copy  used  for  the  play  as  printed  in  1623 — 
an  excellent  handling  of  an  intricate  matter — 
works  out  to  the  conclusion  that  a  prompt-copy  was 
the  basis  of  it,  and  that  not  a  copy  made  from 
the  original  MS.  but  one  from  an  abridgment 
made  for  the  occasion  in  1604,  and  existing 
largely  as  a  set  of  players'  parts. 


Mr.  Child  summarizes  skilfully  the  stage-history 
of  the  play,  which  was  brilliant  enough  during 
the  eighteenth  century  and  the  period  of  the  great 
actors  and  actresses.  More  even  than  most  of 
Shakespeare's  plays  it  depends  for  its  true  effect 
on  being  seen  upon  the  boards,  and  its  very 
faults  serve  as  opportunities  to  the  genius  of  the 
player. 


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i2S.x.MAMi,i*22.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


181 


LONDON,  MARCH  11.  1922. 


CONTENTS.— No.   204. 

NOTES  :— '  The  Assumption  of  the  Virgin.'  by  Botticini  (?). 
181— Lambert  Family,  182— Glass-painters  of  York.  184— 
Ancient  Brass  Engraving,  186r— A  Note  on  the  Anglo-Saxon 
Chronicle.  187 — A  Latin  Saying— A  "  London  Welsh  " 
Family  :  Williams  of  Islington.  188. 

QUERIES  : — Stroud  Green.  188— John  Planta's  Spinning- 
wheel— Sir  Charles  Cox.  M.P.— '  Othello  '— Non-juring 
Clergy :  Baptismal  Registers — The  House  of  Husbandry — 
Bernasconi— William  Milburn— Sir  T.  Phillips,  189— 
"  Gregor  "  of  the  Mosquito  Coast — William  Meyler — Richard 
Abbott — Knaves  Acre',  Lambeth — General  Cyrus  Trapaud  : 
Reynolds  Portrait— Files  of  Old  Newspapers  wanted — 
"  Sorencys  " — Daniel  Race — Heather  Family— A  Kensington 
Tapestry,  190 — Jacobo  d'  Zsenaco  Menardus — Benjamin 
Havenc— Sir  Hans  Fowler — Burr-walnut — Book-plate  of  D. 
Andrews  de  Swathling— Henry  Kendall — Vine  Tavern,  Mile 
End — Authors  wanted — German  Books  wanted,  191. 

REPLIES  : — Tercentenary  Handlist  of  Newspapers,  191 — 
Oxfordshire  Masons,  194 — The  Cap  of  Maintenance — Chalk 
in  Kent  and  its  Owners,  195 — Blue  Beard— Adah  Isaacs 
Menken,  196— Regimental  Chaplains,  65th  Regiment — 
Pseudo-titles  for  "  Dummy  Books  " — A  very  Aldworth — 
Eighteenth-century  Poetry — St.  Michael's,  Guernsey,  197 — 
Arab  (or  Eastern)  Horses — "  Once  aboard  the  lugger  " — 
British  Settlers  in  America — Portraits  of  Coleridge  and 
Dickens — Land  Measurement  Terms,  198 — Samuel  Maunder 
— Unidentified  Arms — Gezreel's  Tower — Author  wanted,  199. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :— '  The  General  Eyre  '— '  A  Volume  of 
Oriental  Studies.' 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


JJotetf. 

'  THE  ASSUMPTION   OF  THE  VIRGIN,' 
BY  BOTTICINI  (?). 

UNDER  this  title  there  is  a  large  and  beau- 
tiful picture  at  the  National  Gallery, 
numbered  1126  in  the  catalogue  of  1921, 
originally  on  wood,  afterwards  transferred 
to  canvas,  about  which  I  venture  to  make 
the  following  remarks.  First  as  to  the 
painter.  Vasari  mentions  it  as  being  by 
Sandro  Botticelli,  or,  as  the  learned  call 
him,  Filipepi,  and  it  is  so  described  in 
Bryan's  *  Dictionary '  (1898),  in  the  abridged 
National  Gallery  catalogue,  1901,  and  in 
the  catalogue  of  1906,  where,  however, 
we  are  told  that  it  "is  now  attributed  by 
critics  of  the  modern  school  to  Botticini, 
of  whose  life  little  is  known."  The  compiler 
quotes  from  Uhlmann  as  follows  : — 

It  may  well  be  that  Botticelli  had  had  from 
Palmieri  the  Commission  for  the  picture  of  '  the 
Assumption,'  and  have  designed  only  the  com- 
position and  left  the  working  out  to  Botticini, 
with  whom,  haying  probably  known  him  at  some 
t'ornu-r  time  in  Verocchio's  studio,  he  worked 


in  the  year  1470.  The  great  affinity  of  the  art 
of  Botticelli  with  that  of  Botticini  speaks  for  a 
close  relation  between  the  two. 
In  the  National  Gallery  catalogue  of  1921 
we  are  given  no  choice,  Botticini  being 
named  alone.  Thus  our  cherished  faith 
is  shattered  by  the  modern  expert. 

To  go  back  to  the  catalogue  of  1906. 
It  contains  in  a  note  a  remarkable  account 
of  the  painting,  written,  I  think,  originally 
by  Sir  Frederic  Burton,  director  1874-94, 
of  which  I  will  now  give  an  abstract.  *  The 
Assumption '.  was  executed  perhaps  about 
1472  for  Matteo  Palmieri,  and  placed  in 
the  family  chapel  in  S.  Pietro  Maggiore, 
Florence.  That  distinguished  man,  who 
rendered  important  services  to  the  Republic, 
was  also  a  profound  theologian  and  an 
earnest  student  of  Dante's  works,  who 
composed  a  poem  somewhat  on  the  model 
of  the  *  Divina  Commedia.'  After  his 
death  and  honourable  burial,  in  or  after 
1475,  the  poem,  which  had  not  previously 
been  circulated,  was  thought  by  some  in- 
vidious critics  to  contain  unorthodox  views 
as  to  the  nature  of  angels.  These  were 
brought  to  the  notice  of  the  Church  authori- 
ties, and  pending  inquisition,  the  picture, 
which  was  supposed  to  reflect  in  some  way 
the  surmised  doctrine  in  the  poem,  was 
covered,  and  the  chapel  in  which  it  stood 
closed  to  public  worship.  Finally,  after 
some  lapse  of  time,  the  book  was  declared 
innocuous  and  the  chapel  was  re-opened. 
Meanwhile,  however,  the  question  of  Pal- 
mieri's  heresy  had  been  so  violently  debated 
in  Florence  that  the  story  spread  through 
Europe,  giving  rise  by  degress  to  extravagant 
and  inaccurate  reports  which  were  variously 
recounted  by  ecclesiastical  writers,  some  of 
whom  stated  that  Palmieri  had  been  burnt 
alive  for  heresy,  others  that  his  dead  body 
had  been  disinterred  and  burnt  with  his 
poem.  Vasari  says  that  the  painter,  no  less 
than  Palmieri,  was  included  by  the  malevo- 
lent in  the  charge  of  heresy.  The  painting 
bears  evidence  of  intentional  injury,  the 
face  of  the  donor  and  that  of  his  wife  having 
been  scored  through  ;  an  attempt  to  restore 
them  was  afterwards  made.  At  some 
uncertain  time  it  was  removed  to  the  Villa 
Palmieri  (which  had  been  bought  by  Matteo), 
near  Florence.  On  the  death  of  the  last 
heir,  within  the  nineteenth  century,  the 
picture  fell  into  the  hands  of  a  Florentine 
dealer,  and  later  became  the  property  of  the 
eleventh  Duke  of  Hamilton.  It  was  pur- 
chased from  the  Hamilton  sale,  June  24, 1882. 
The  original  draft  of  Palmieri's  poem, 


182 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [  12  S.X.MAB.  11,1022. 


entitled  '  La  Cicta  (Citta)  della  Vita,'  is 
in  the  Magliabecchian  Library  at  Florence. 
A  copy  is,  or  was,  in  the  Strozzi  Library; 
the  Ambrosian  Library  at  Milan  contains 
the  only  other  known  copy. 

In  the  National  Gallery  catalogue  of  1921, 
p.  32,  the  compiler  gives  an  accurate  though 
concise  account  of  the  main  portions  of  the 
picture,  but  in  his  reference  to  the  "  land- 
scape background  showing  the  Arno  and 
Florence  left,"  he  makes  rather  a  serious 
error.  In  fact,  the  scene  was  described  with 
much  detail  by  that  accomplished  lady  the 
late  Miss  Margaret  Stokes,  honorary  member 
of  the  Royal  Irish  Academy  and  Associate 
of  the  Scottish  Society  of  Antiquaries, 
whom  I  met  in  Florence  many  years  ago. 
She  had  a  photograph  of  the  "  landscape 
background  "  to  the  left  of  the  group  of 
apostles  round  the  Virgin's  tomb,  armed 
with  which  she  determined  to  find  out  the 
point  of  view  of  the  great  artist,  whoever 
he  may  have  been.  The  results  of  her  search 
are  described  and  illustrated  in  a  volume 
entitled  '  Six  Months  in  the  Apennines,' 
published  1892.  Sbt  tells  us  how,  starting 
from  Fiesole,  she  crossed  the  bridge  over  the 
Mugnone,  a  picturesque  tributary  of  the 
Arno,  and  walked  uphill  towards  the  Villa 
Salviati.  Then,  standing  among  the  ruined 
terraces  of  an. ancient  garden,  she  saw  at 
her  feet  the  very  scene  depicted  by  the 
painter — "  the  wide  horizon  reaching  from 
San  Domenico  and  the  Apennines  beyond 
Monte  Moro,  Scala,  and  Monte  Maggio, 
round  the  whole  Val  d'Arno  to  San  Lorenzo 
and  the  northern  boundary  of  Florence." 
She  traced  out  all  the  details,  and  in  her 
volume  the  scene  is  reproduced  from  the 
picture,  and  also  from  her  own  drawing, 
made  at  the  time  of  her  visit.  The  two 
views  are  surprisingly  alike.  The  Arno  is 
not  visible.  The  Mugnone, .  nowing  with 
devious  course  from  the  immediate  fore- 
ground towards  Florence,  has  been  narrowed 
and  straightened  somewhat.  In  the  picture 
it  is  crossed  by  a  bridge  of  three  arches, 
where  there  is  now  one  of  a  single  span. 
The  old  walls  of  the  city  have  been  swept 
away,  but  various  delightful  buildings  re- 
main almost  unchanged,  and  of  these  Miss 
Stokes  gives  a  list.  I  will  only  refer  to  two 
of  them.  On  high  ground  to  the  extreme 
left  stands  the  Badia  of  Fiesole,  its  fa$ade 
unfinished  as  in  the  fifteenth  century.  The 
villa  that  rises  amid  tall  cypress  and  olive 
trees  on  the  height  above  the  Mugnone 
Beyond  the  bridge,  is  the  house  of  Matteo 


Palmieri,  author  of  the  poem  which  inspired 
this  great  painting,  and  here  Botticelli 
may  have  been  his  guest.  Boccaccio  makes 
this  the  abode  of  the  tellers  of  the  stories 
in  his  '  Decamerone '  during  the  plague  of 
1348.  In  1892  it  was  the  home  of  the 
widowed  Lady  Crawford  and  her  daughters, 
and  four  years  earlier  it  had  been  occupied 
for  a  short  time  by  that  illustrious  personage 
her  late  Majesty  Queen  Victoria. 

PHILIP  NORMAN. 


LAMBERT   FAMILY. 

AT  6  S.  x.  436,  a  query  appears  as  to  the 
family  of  Ralph  Lambert,  Bishop  of 
Meath.  It  does  not  appear  to  have  been 
answered.  Having  made  some  research  as 
to  the  kinsfolk  of  this  bishop,  I  venture  to 
send  the  result  to  '  N.  &  Q.'  as  a  contribution 
to  Irish  genealogy,  repeating  the  question 
of  your  correspondent  of  38  years  ago — - 
who  was  Robert  Lambert,  otherwise  Robert 
Lambert  Tate,  father  of  Lady  Annesley  ? 
His  wife  was  a  descendant  of  the  Lambert 
family,  as  will  appear  below,  but  he  himself 
is  described  as  Robert  Lambert  Tate  in  his 
marriage  entry  in  1750.  There  does  not 
appear  to  be  any  connexion  between  this 
family  and  that  of  the  Earls  of  Cavan,  whose 
name  is  spelled  Lambart.  As  will  be  seen 
later  on,  several  references  to  this  family  in 
published  pedigrees  are  erroneous. 

A  note  was  published  in  *  N.  &  Q.' 
(2  S.  viii.  10),  regarding  the  first  known 
ancester,  who  was  : — 

The  Rev.  THOMAS  LAMBERT,  ordained 
priest  by  Theophilus,  Bishop  of  Llandaff, 
March  15,  1625;  Chaplain  in  H.M.'s  Army; 
Vicar  of  Dromiskin  1633-61,  and  Vicar  of 
Dunany,  both  in  Co.  Louth ;  died  1661. 
Prerogative  will  proved  Feb.  1661-2,  having 
had  four  children  : — 

I.  James  Lambert. 

II.  George,  of  whom  immediately. 

I.  Anne  Lambert,  m.  Matthew  Geering. 

II.  Lambert,  m.  John  Brunker. 

The  younger  son  : — 

GEORGE  LAMBERT  of  Dundalk,  Co.  Louth, 
m.  Alice,  sister  of  the  Right  Rev.  William 
Smyth,  Bishop  of  Kilmore,  and  dau.  of 
Capt.  Ralph  Smyth  of  Ballymacash,  near 

i  Lisburn,     Co.     Antrim,     High     Sheriff     Co. 

|  Antrim  1680,  by  Elizabeth  Hawkesworth 
his  wife,  and  by  her,  who  was  buried  at 

I  Lisburn  Cathedral,  Aug.  16,  1715,  had  five 
sons  and  four  daughters  (order  of  age 

I  uncertain)  : — 

I      I.  George  Lambert  of    Downpatrick  and 


1-2  S.  X.  MAK.  11,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


183 


Dunlady,  Co.  Down,  High  Sheriff  Co.  Down 
1720,  m.  Elizabeth,  dau.  of  the  Rev.  Henry 
Jenny,  D.D.,  Archdeacon  of  Dromore, 
and  d.,  will  dated  July  27,  1723;  proved 
Prerog.  Feb.  18,  1723-4. 

II.  RALPH,  of  whom  presently. 

III.  Hawkesworth  Lambert,  b.  Dundalk ;  \ 
entered  Trin.  Coll.,  Dublin,  May  18,   1687,  • 
aged  16;  scholar  1688. 

IV.  William  Lambert. 

V.  Robert     Lambert     of     Dunlady,    Co.  j 
Down ;    will   dated    May    7,    1750 ;    proved 
Prerog.    Nov.  6,   1751 ;    left    a    dau.,    Mary 
Lambert. 

I.  Elizabeth   Lambert,   m.    William   Bra- 
bazon   of  Rath  House,  Co.  Meath,  grandson 
of  Sir  Anthony  Brabazon,  son  of  the  first  Lord 
Ardee,  and  brother  of  the  first  Earl  of  Meath, 
and  had  issue. 

II.  Alice  Lambert,  m.  Thomas  Dawson  of 
Gilford,  Co.  Down,  son  of  William  Dawson 
of   Lisveagh,    Co.    Armagh,   and  brother   of 
Ralph    Dawson    of     Dawson's    Grove,    Co. 
Armagh.     By  him,  whose  will,  dated  May  5, 
1729,  was  proved  Prerog.  May  26,  1729,  she 
appears  to  have  left  no  issue. 

III.  Mary  Lambert,  m.  at  Lisburn  Cathedral, 
Nov.  8,  1696,  the  Rev.  William  Skemngton, 
B.A.,    son    of    Richard    Skeffington    of     Co. 
Armagh,  and  had  at  least  two  sons  : — 

i.  George  Skemngton,  mentioned  in  will 
of  George  Lambert. 

ii.  Lambert  Skeffington,  b.  Co.  Meath ; 
entered  T.C.D.  June  21,  1728,  aged  17. 

IV.  Anne  Lambert,  m.  May  23,   1710,  the 
Rev.    John   Vaughan,    Rector   of   Dromore, 
Co.  Down,  son  of  the  Rev.  George  Vaughan, 
Treasurer  of  Dromore,  and  had,  with  other 
issue,  a  son  and  a  daughter  : — 

i.  George  Vaughan  (Rev.),  Rector  of 
Dromore,  ancestor  of  Vaughan  of  Quilly 
(see  Burke's  '  Landed  Gentry,'  which  is 
incorrect  in  its  reference  to  his  sister, 
Mrs.  Corry). 

i.  Alice  Vaughan,  m.  the  Rev.  John 
Corry  of  Rockcorry,  Co.  Monaghan,  son  of 
Isaiah  Corry,  High  Sheriff  Co.  Monaghan 
1712,  and  died  Nov.  23,  1791,  having  had, 
with  other  issue  : — 

(1)  John     Corry,     of     Sport     Hall,     Co. 
Monaghan,     High    Sheriff    Co.     Monaghan, 
1759,   m.    Feb.    26,    1762,   Catherine   Coote, 
sister    of    Charles,    1st    Earl    of    Bellamont, 
and  d.v.p.  1770,  s.p.m. 

(2)  Thomas    Corry,    of    Rockcorry,    High 
Sheriff  Co.  Monaghan  1782,  m.  Nov.   1780, 
Rebecca,    only  dau.   of  William  Steuart  of 
Bailieborough     Castle,     Co.     Cavan,     M.P. 


Co.  Cavan,  by  Jane,  dau.  of  Thomas  Trotter, 
M.P.,  Judge  of  the  Prerogative  Court,  and 
had  issue. 

(3)  Isaiah      Corry     of      Ballytrain,      Co. 
Monaghan,    m.,  first,  Catherine,    widow    of 
George  Scott,  of  Legacorry,  Co.  Monaghan, 
and  dau.  of  Lancelot  Fisher ;  and,  secondly, 
Dec.    8,    1778,    Barbara,    dau.    of   the   Rev. 
Andrew  Nixon  of  Nixon  Lodge,  Co.  Cavan, 
and  had  issue  by  both  marriages. 

(4)  James      Corry     of     Shantonagh,     Co. 
Monaghan,  m.  Mary,  dau.  of  John  Ruxton 
of  Ardee,  Co.  Louth,  M.P.,  and  was  ancestor 
of  the  Fitzherbert  family. 

(1)  Anne  Corry,  m.,  first,  at  St.  Peter's, 
Dublin,  June  30,  1750,  Robert  Lambert 
Tate  of  Dunlady,  Co.  Down,  High  Sheriff 
Co.  Down  1762  (who  d.  April  25,  1783, 
aged  53)  ;  and,  secondly,  Robert  McLeroth, 
High  Sheriff  Co.  Down  1790,  and  by  her  first 
marriage  had  a  dau.,  Anne  Lambert,  m  .1771, 
Richard,  second  Earl  Annesley. 

One  of  the  sons  of  George  Lambert  and 
Alice  Smyth  was  : — 

THE  MOST  REV.  RALPH  LAMBEKT,  Bishop 
of  Dromore  1717-26,  and  of  Meath  1726- 
31;  born  in  Co.  Louth;  entered  T.C.D. 
Aug.  13,  1681;  Scholar  1683;  B.A.  1686; 
M.A.  1696;  B.D.  and  D.D.  1701 ;  Rector  of 
Kilskyre,  diocese  of  Meath,  1703-9;  Pre- 
centor of  Down  1703-6  ;  Vicar  of  Dundalk, 
diocese  of  Armagh,  1706-9  ;  Dean  of  Down 
1709-17.  His  first  wife,  Sarah,  died  1707, 
aged  40  ;  tablet  in  Dundalk  Church.  (Burke's 
'  Landed  Gentry,'  1846,  sub  tit.  '  Smyth 
of  Gaybrook,'  says  she  was  the  only  dau. 
of  Smythe  Kelly,  who  was  son  of  Capt. 
Kelly,  by  Judith,  dau.  of  John  Smyth, 
uncle  of  William,  Bishop  of  Kilmore. ) 
Bishop  Lambert  m.,  secondly,  Prerogative 
marriage  licence,  July  14,  1716,  Elizabeth 
Rowley  of  Clonmethan.  (He  is  said, 
erroneously,  in  the  notes  to  p.  361  of  the 
Montgomery  MSS.,  to  have  been  a  brother 
of  Mrs.  Ann  Hall  of  Strangford.  He  was 
her  brother-in-law,  as  she  had  been  Ann 
Rowley.)  Ralph  Lambert  died  Feb.  6, 
1731-2,  and  was  buried  at  St.  Michan's, 
Dublin,  having  had  by  his  first  wife  two 
sons  and  three  daughters  : — 

I.  Thomas   Lambert,  b.    Co.  Down ;  ent. 
T.C.D.  April  24,   1716,  aged  16;  buried  at 
Lisburn  Aug.  14,  1718. 

II.  MONTAGUE,  of  whom  presently. 

I.  Alice  Lambert,  m.   Dublin,  marr.   lie. 
July  2,  1739,  Nathaniel  Preston  of  Swains- 
town,  Co.  Meath,  M.P.  for  Navan  1713-60. 

II.  Susanna   Lambert,    m.  first,     at    St. 


184 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [I.S.X.MAK.H. 


Mary's,  Dublin,  June  18,  1730,  the  Rev. 
William  Smyth,  M.A.,  Dean  of  Ardfert  and 
Archdeacon  of  Meath,  eldest  son  of  the  Right 
Rev.  Thomas  Smyth,  Bishop  of  Limerick. 
He  died  1732,  and  she  m.,  secondly, 
Prerog.  marr.  lie.,  1738,  Sheffield  Austin. 
Her  will,  dated  Oct.  23,  1778,  was  proved 
as  that  of  Dame  Susanna  Austin  in  the 
Prerogative  Court,  March  14,  1780,  leaving 
her  property  to  her  nephew,  John  Dillon 
of  Lismullen.  There  seems  to  be  no  record 
of  a  baronet  or  knight  named  Sheffield 
Austin. 

III.  Elizabeth  Lambert,  m.  at  St.  Mary's, 
Dublin,  June  11,  1730,  Arthur  Dillon,  of 
Lismullen,  Co.  Meath  (son  of  Sir  John 
Dillon,  Knt.,  M.P.,  of  Lismullen),  and  had 
a  son,  Sir  John  Dillon,  first  baronet,  of  Lis- 
mullen ;  M.P.  Wicklow  1771-76,  and  Bles- 
sington  1776-83. 

The  son  : — 

MONTAGUE  LAMBERT  of  Dublin,  Cornet 
1st  Carabiniers  (6th  Dragoon  Guards),* 
Feb.  20,  1721-2,  commission  renewed  by 
George  II.  1727,  serving  in  1730,  Lieut., 
1st  Carabiniers,  in  1737,  m.t  Sarah,  dau.  of 
Samuel  Waring  of  Waringstown,  Co*  Down, 
High  Sheriff  Co.  Down  1690,  M.P.  for 
Hillsborough  1703-15,  and  died  1740,  will 
dated  Feb.  16,  1739-40,  proved  Prerogative, 
Apri  9,  1740,  having  had  by  her,  who  m., 
secondly,  the  Rev.  Francis  Hamilton, 
D.D.,J  Treasurer  of  Armagh  and  Vicar  of 
Dundalk,  and  died  May  7,  1780,  aged  77, 
buried  at  Dundalk,  one  son  and  four 
daus.  : — 

I.  RALPH,  of  whom  presently. 

I.  Grace  Lambert. 

II.  Susanna  Lambert. 

III.  Sarah  Lambert,  m.,  first, -Bayly, 


The  only  son  : — 

RALPH    LAMBERT,    Second    Examiner    in 

Chancery,  ent.  T.C.D.  Jan.  25,  1753,  aged 
|  17,  m.  at  Lisburn  Cathedral,  Sept.  22,  1760, 
!  Harriett,  eldest  dau.  of  the  Very  Rev. 
!  John  Welsh,  Dean  of  Connor  and  Rector 
|  of  Lisburn,  by  Mary,  dau.  of  Edward  Peers, 
I  by  Jane,  sister  of  the  Rev.  Samuel  Close, 
I  Rector  of  Donaghenry,  diocese  of  Armagh, 

and  dau.  of  Richard  Close.    Ralph  Lambert 

died  Dec.,  1761,  or  Jan.,  1762,  will  dated 
I  April  5,  1761,  proved  Prerog.,  Feb.  8,  1762, 
i  and  his  widow  m.,  secondly,  the  Very  Rev. 
I  Richard  Dobbs,  M.A.,  Dean  of  Connor, 
I  eldest  son  of  the  Rev.  Richard  Dobbs, 
JD.D.,  Rector  of  Lisburn,  by  Mary,  dau. 

of  James  Young,  of  Lismany,  Co.  Tyrone.* 
!  She  died  March  25,  1784,  aged  45. 

H.  B.  SWANZY. 


and,  secondly,  at  St.  Mary's,  Dublin,  June  11, 
1767,  Robert  Howard,  Capt.  14th  Light 
Dragoons,  M.P.  for  St.  Johnstown,  1776- 
83,  LL.D.,  honoris  causa,  T.C.D. ,  brother 
of  Ralph,  first  Viscount  Wicklow,  and 
youngest  son  of  the  Right  Rev.  Robert 
Howard,  Bishop  of  Elphin.  She  was  heiress 
of  her  brother,  and  had  a  son,  Robert  Howard 
of  Castle  Howard,  Co.  Wicklow. 

IV.  Georgina  Lambert,  b.  Feb.  26,  1737-8, 
bapt.  at  St.  Peter's,  Dublin,  March  31,  1738. 


*  Dalton's  Army  Lists,  and  his  son's  matricula- 
tion entry,  where  he  is  called  Dux. 

t  Burke's  '  Landed  Gentry,'  under  Waring,  er- 
roneously calls  him  Ralph  Lambert. 

J  Burke,  as  above,  erroneously  calls  him  Rev. 
James  Hamilton. 


GLASS-PAINTERS  OF  YORK. 
(Se  12  S.  viii.  and  ix.  passim  ;  x.  45.) 

CHR'ONOLOGICAL  LIST  OF  YORK 

GLASS -PAINTERS. 

1 1  HAVE  extracted  this  list  chiefly  from  the 
I  Freemen's  Roll  (Surtees  Soc.),  with  addi- 
tional names  from  other  available  sources. 
The  date,  unless  shown  in  brackets,  is  that 
of  the  year  in  which  the  freedom  was  taken 
up,  generally  at  21  years  of  age,  excepting 
during  times  like  that  of  the  Black  Death  of 
1349  or  subsequent  visitations,  such  as  that 
of  1362  ;  or  in  the  case  of  a  man  coming  to 
the  city  from  elsewhere,  as,  for  example, 
John  Thornton  of  Coventry  (vide  12  S.  vii. 
482). 

1313.     Walterus  le  vemrar. 

1324.  Robertus  Ketelbarn,  verrour.  He  was 
probably  "  one  Robert  "  who  in  1338  contracted  to 
fill  the  Great  West  -window  of  the  Minster  with 
stained  glass  at  a  cost  of  sixpence  a  foot  for  white 
(i.e.  grisaille)  and  twelve  pence  afoot  for  coloured 
glass  (i.e.,  figure  work)  (Torre  MS.  in  York 
Minster  Library,  fol.  3,  from  Reg.  L  y,  fol.  69,  now 
lost).  The  window  was  paid  for  by  Archbishop 
Melton,  who  the  same  year  gave  100  marks 
towards  the  cost  of  the  work.  The  two  windows 
at  the  west  end  of  the  aisles,  contracted  for  at  the 
same  time  at  a  cost  of  eleven  marks  each,  were 
probably  also  Robert  Ketelbarn's  work. 

1329.  Johannes  de  Holtby,  verrour.  Holtby 
is  the  name  of  a  village  a  few  miles  from  York 
on  the  road  to  Scarborough.  The  names  of  the 
places  from  which  these  glass-painters  came  show 
that  they  all.  with  few  exceptions,  came  from  small 
towns  and  villages  in  the-  surroxinding  district,  e.g., 
Burton  Agnes,  Bishop  Auckland,  Selby,  Eirkby 


*  Burke'*  '  Landed  Gentry,'  under  Dobbs,  states 
that  the  'Rev.  Richard  Dobbs,  senior,  married 
Mrs.  Lambert,  but  this  is  an  error. 


iis.x.MAR.11,1922.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


185 


Overblow,  Brotton  Knayth,  Darlington,  &c. 
There  is  nothing  to  show  a  foreign  origin  of  any 
of  them. 

[died  1337.]  John  de  Preston  (vide  12  S.  viii. 
485). 

[1341.]     Richard  le  Ferrour  was  Chamberlain  of 
the  city  in  that  year     (Skaife  MS.,  Lord  Mayors  i 
and  Sheriffs ;  York  Public  Library). 

1345.  Will  le  ferrour  de  Bouthum.  The! 
name  ByOotham,  now  applied  to  a  street,  was  that  j 
of  a  vill  or  burgh  belonging  to  the  Abbot  and  ! 
Convent  of  St.  Mary's,  just  outside  the  walls  of 
the  city,  and  the  cause  of  frequent  disputes ; 
between  the  Abbot  and  Mayor  as  to  their  respec- 
tive rights  therein. 

1349.  Robertus  de  Burton  Aunays,  ferrour. 
Burton  Agnes,  a  village  about  four  miles  from 
Bridlington. 

1351.     Henricus  del  Mure,  verrour.     It  will  be 
noticed  that  in  this  year  three  glass-painters  were 
enrolled,  no  doubt  in  order  to  make  up  for  losses 
amongst   the    craft   by    death    during   the   Black 
Death.     The  average  number  of  freemen  enrolled  | 
annually  at   York  between  the   years    1339   and 
1348  was  60.     In  1349,  however,  208  new  freemen  ; 
were  entered,  and  in  1363,  218. 

1351.     Willelmus    de    Aukland,    verrour.     He i 
was  doing  work  for  the  Minster  in  1371  and  was  j 
Bailiff   of   the   city   in    1380     (Skaife   MS.,   Lord 
Mayors  and  Sheriffs  ;  York  Public  Library). 

1351.  Will  de  Preston,  ouerour  (vide  12  S. 
viii.  485). 

1353.     Edmund  Mott,  ferrour. 

1359.  Johannes  de  Selby,  verrour. 

1360.  Johannes  Archer,  verrour. 

1361.  John     de     Preston,    glasenwreght    (vide 
12  S.   viii.    485).     It  will  be  noticed  that  glass- 
painters  who  have  hitherto  been  styled  "  verrours  " 
are  from  now  until  1385  termed  '*  glasenwrights  " 
and  after  that  "  glasyers." 

1368.     Joh.  de  Kyrkeby,  glasenwright. 

1371.     Will  de  Brotton,  glasenwright. 

1375.  Joh.  de  Broghton,  glasenwright.  There 
is  a  village  of  Broughton  in  the  parish  of  Kirkby, 
near  Stokesley,  in  the  North  Riding  of  Yorkshire, 
so  it  is  probable  that  John  and  Will  de  Broghton, 
who  were  no  doubt  brothers,  and  John  de  Kyrkeby 
(free  in  1 368,)  all  came  from  the  same  district.  John 
de  Broghton  died  in  1384,  when  administration  of 
his  goods  was  granted  to  John  de  Pynchbek,  John 
de  Knayth  and  Adam  Sommoneur,  "  being  within 
the  jurisdiction  of  the  Chapter  of  York  "  (Reg. 
Test.  D.  and  C.  Ebor.,  i.  78),  so  that  they  evidently 
lived  within  the  cathedral  close  and  not  in  the  city. 
John  de  Knayth,  like  the  deceased,  was  a  glass- 
painter,  being  free  of  the  city  as  a  "  glasenwright  " 


end  the  proceeds  of  their  unsavoury  trade  was 
applied. 

1375.  John  de  Burgh,  glasenwright  (vide 
12  S.  x.  88).  * 

1&78.  Johannes  Knayth,  glasenwright  (vide 
note  to  John  de  Broghton  above). 

1381.     Will  de  Bardenay,  glasenwright. 

1385.     Will  de  Bulnays,  glasenwright. 

1387.  Johannes  Danyell,  glasyer.  This  is  the 
first  instance  in  the  Freemen's  Roll  of  the  use  of  the 
term  "  glasyer "  to  describe  a  glass-painter. 
Johannes  Danyell,  probably  a  son,  was  free  in 
1402. 

1387.     Johannes  de  Bolton,  ferrour. 

1391.     Will  Darthyngton,  glasyer. 

1395.     Andreas  Barker,  ferrour. 

1395.     Petrus  de  Prestwyk,  glasyer. 

1400.  Joh.  de  la  Chaumbre,  glasyer  (vide  128. 
viii.  127). 

1400.     Thomas  de  Byngfeld.  glasier  (ibid.). 

1400.     Robertus  de  Wakeffeld,  glasyer  (ibid.). 

1402.  Johannes  Danyell,  glasyer.  Probably 
son  of  the  Johannes  Danyell,  free  in  1387. 

1407.     Willelmus  Fournour,  glacier. 

1409.  Robertus     Bedford,    glacier.     His    son, 
"  Johannes  Bedford,  cleric i;s,  fil.  Roberti  Bedford, 
glasier,"  was  free  of  the  city  in  1437. 

1410.  Johannes  Thornton,  glacyer  (vide  12  8. 
vii.  481). 

1412.  Robertus  Fournays,  glacier.  Probably 
an  ancestor  of  Thomas  Fourneys,  glasyer,  free 
1520,  whose  son,  William  Fornes,  glasyer,  was 
free  in  1561. 

1414.  Joh.  Chambre,  junior,  glasier  (vide  12  S. 
viii.  127). 

[1417].  Robert  Quarendon,  working  at  the 
i  Minster  in  that  year  (vide  Fabric  Rolls,  Surtees 
!  Soc.). 

1418.     Thomas   Roos,   glasyer.     Very   little   is 
known  about  him.     He  made  his  will  (Reg.  Test. 
I  Ebor.,  iii.  374)  on  Feb.  8,  1433,  desiring  to  be  buried 
|  in  St.  Helen's  Church,  Stonegate.     To  his  sister 
j  Margaret,  20d.,  and  the  whole  of  the  rest  of  his 
i  property  to  his  wife  Katherine.     He  either  died 
without  issue  or  his  son  had  taken  over  his  business 
some  time  previous  to  his  father's  death.     One 
Henry  Ros  is    mentioned  in  the  Rot.  Kemp    as 
follows  :  "  To  Henry  Ros,  glasier,  working  about 
the  palace  in  glazing   .    .    .    panels  with  a  figure  of 
St.  John,  and  other  panels  with  (a  representation  of) 
the  sun's  rays  and  in  mending  the  windows  of  the 
same    ...    at  the  west  end  of  the  same   hall,. 
16s.  8d."  (Fabric  Rolls  of  York  Minster,  Glossary, 
p.  349).  He  was  probably  also  the  "  Rose  glasyer  " 
who,    in    1433-4,    was    paid    seven    shillings    for 
glazing  in  the  Chapel  or  Hall  of  the  York  Merchant 


in  1378.  Adam  Sommoneur  was  evidently 
renner  up  and  down,  With  mandements  for  forni- 
catioun,"  and  one  of  a  class  of  whom,  according 
to  Chaucer,  "  may  no  good  be  said."  The  York 
Minster  Fabric  Roll  for  the  year  1421  shows  that 
through  the  activities  of  these  gentry  and  "  by 
the  various  Penitentiaries  "  their  employers,  no 
less  a  sum  than  £64  5s.  l\d.  (equal  to  £1,000  present 
value)  was  raised  in  one  year  (Browne,  '  Hist. 
York  Minster,'  p.  221).  A  window  in  the  nave 
represents  the  Penancers  at  work,  in  one  light  flagel- 
lating a  man,  and  in  another  chastising  a  woman, 
whilst  figures  in  the  border  pour  money  out  of  bags 
and  masons  carve  stonework,  showing  to  what 


Adventurers    Company    ('  York    Merchant    Ad- 
venturers,' Surtees  Soc.). 

1418.  Johannes  Neusom,   glasyer.     One  of  a 
family  of  at  least  three  generations  of  journeymen 
glass-painters,  none  of  whom  seem  to  have  risen 
to  have  a  shop  of  his  own.     In  1437,  John  Newsom 
was  one   of   the    witnesses  to   the    will    of  John 
Chamber  the  elder,  who  was  probably  his  master. 
His  son,    John   Newsom,  was    free    in  1442  and 
worked  for  Thomas  Shirley  (vide  12   S.  viii.  365), 
and   his  grandson,  Thomas  Newsom,  was  free   in 
1470,    and    worked    for    Thomas    Shirwyn  (vide 
128.  viii.  407). 

1419.  Johannes    Berford,    ferrour.     Probably 
;  one  of  the  same  family  as   Robertus   Bedford, 


186 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [  12  s.x.  MAR.  11,1922. 


glacier,  free  1409,  and  his  son,  Johannes  Bedford, 
clericus,  free  1437. 

1421.     Willelmus  Gent,  glasyer. 

1425.  Johannes  Coverham,  glasyer.     He  was 
evidently  the   "  John,   servant  of   John  Burgh," 
who  is  mentioned  in  the  Fabric  Boll  for  the  year 
1414,  and  later,  in  1419,  under  his  full  name,  which 
is    coupled  with  that   of  John  Burgh,    who    was 
presumably,  therefore,  his  master.     John  Cover- 
ham's  son  Thomas  was  free  in  1448. 

1426.  Thomas      Husthwayt,      ferrour.     Hus- 
thwaite  is  a  village  near  Easingwold,  in  the  East 
Biding  of  Yorkshire. 

1427.  Bicardus  Penbrygge,  glasyer.    He  prob- 
ably came  from  Pembridge  in  Herefordshire. 

[1431].  William  Bownas,  glasyer.  The  only 
information  we  have  of  him  is  that  contained  in 
his  will  (Beg.  Test.  Ebpr.,  ii.  648),  where  he  de- 
scribed himself  as  a  "  citizen  and  glazier  of  York, 
dwelling  in  the  parish  of  St.  Wilfrid,"  in  the 
churchyard  of  which  he  was  buried.  All  his  goods 
he  bequeathed  to  his  wife  Cecilia.  Will  proved 
April  22,  1431. 

1436.     Willelmus  Thwaytes,  glasyer. 

1438.  Willelmus    Cartmell,     glasier.     William 
Cartmell   and   William   Bownas    (vide   s.a.    1431, 
above)  or  their  ancestors  evidently  came  from  the 
Lake  District,  Cartmel  being  the  name  of  a  village 
and    Priory   in    Lancashire,    and    there    are    two 
villages  named  Bowness,  one  in  Cumberland  and 
the  other  on  Lake  Windermere.     The  work  of  the 
York  glass-painters   was  as  well  known  on  the 
west  as  on  the  east  coast,  and  many  churches  and 
abbeys  in  the  Lake  District  sent  to  York  to  have 
their  windows  painted.    Bobert  Preston,  the  glass- 
painter,  who  died  in  1503,  left  a  sum  of  money  to 
Wedrall  Abbey,  near  Carlisle  ;  and  Sir  John  Petty 
(d.  1508)  bequeathed  13s.  4d.  to  Furness  Abbey  in 
Lancashire  "  be  cause,"  as  he  said,  "  I  have  wroght 
mych  wark  there."     In  the  little  village  church  of 
Cartmel  Fell,   some  few  miles  from  the   Priory  of 
Cartmel,    is    some    typical    York    canopy    work. 
William  Cartmell  was  probably  the    "William" 
mentioned  in  the  Fabric  Boll  of  1443,  and  under 
his  full  name  in  those  of  1444-1447,  and  again  (or 
a,  son  of  the  same  name)  in  1471.     It  is  presumed 
he  was  one  of  Thomas  Shirley's  workmen  (vide 
12  S.  viii.  365). 

1439.  Thomas  Shirlay,  glasyer  (vide  12  S.  viii. 
364). 

1442.  Johannes  Neusom,  glasier,  fil.  Johannis 
Neusom.     Free  of  the  city  by  patrimony.     His 
father,    John    Newsom,    was    free    in    1418.     He 
evidently  learnt  his  business  or  was  in  the  employ 
of  Thomas  Shirley,  who  in  his  will,  made  in  1456, 
bequeathed  "  to  John  Newsom,  if  he   be   in  my 
service  at  the  time  of  my  decease,  3s.  4d."  (Beg. 
Test.    Ebor..    ii.    380    d).     John    Newsom's     son 
Thomas  was  free  in  1442. 

1443.  John   Ley,    glasier's   son   William   Ley, 
parchemyner,  was  free  of  the  city. 

1446.  Thomas  Mylet.     Probably  a  partner  of 
Matthew  Petty  (vide  12  S.  ix.  21).     In  1463-4,  he 
was    one    of    the    glass-painters    to    whom    new 
ordinances  were  granted. 

1447.  Bicardus  Chambre,  glasier,  fil  Johannis 
Chaumbre,  glasier  (vide  12  S.  viii.  128). 

[1447].     Matthew  Petty  (vide  12  S.  ix.  21). 

1448.  Thomas  Coverham,  glasier,  fil  Johannis 
Coverham,  glasier.     Son  of  John  Coverhatn,   free 
1425,  and  one  of   John   Chamber  the   younger's 


workmen,  who  at  his  death  in  1451  left  him  Is.  8d. 
(vide  12  S.  viii.  128).  In  1463-4,  he  was  evidently 
a  master,  as  his  name  appears  amongst  those  to 
whom  new  ordinances  were  granted  in  that  year. 
In  1471  he  was  doing  work  for  the  Minster 
(Fabric  Bolls,  s.a.  1471). 

1450.     Will  Inglysshe,  als  Bichardson,  glasyer 
(vide  12  S.  viij.  323). 

JOHN  A.  KNOWLES. 

(To  be  concluded.) 


ANCIENT  BRASS  ENGRAVING. 

SEEING  that  my  note  on  the  Stoke  d'Abernon 
enamelled  shield  (12  S.  viii.  428)  has  been 
received  with  considerable  interest,  it  occurs 
to  me  that  a  few  remarks  upon  the  ancient 
method  of  engraving,  and  the  kind  of  tools 
used  for  the  purpose,  may  also  be  acceptable. 

I  have  a  photograph  of  the  British 
Museum  MS.  from  which  Haines  illustrated 
his  comments  on  the  subject,  and  am  in- 
clined to  think  that  the  sketch  may  refer 
to  the  engraving  of  a  brass  quite  as  much 
as  to  the  incising  of  stone,  for  at  least  one 
of  the  artificers  is  apparently  cutting  length- 
wise with  the  lines  of  the  effigy.  This 
method  of  cutting  can  only  be  employed 
in  the  case  of  metal.  Incisions  in  stone, 
whether  long  or  short,  must  be  cut  by  laying 
a  wide  flat  tool  along  one  edge  of  the  line 
and  driving  the  tool,  by  means  of  a  mallet, 
into  the  stone  towards  the  other  edge  of  the 
line,  and  then  repeating  the  process  from 
the  opposite  side,  so  as  to  produce  a  V-shaped 
incision  as  long  as  the  width  of  the  tool. 
To  attempt  to  make  the  chisel  travel  along 
a  line  in  stone  would  break  away  both 
edges  of  the  incision  in  flakes  of  various 
sizes.  Thus  the  so-called  V-cut  letters  are 
peculiar  to  stone  and  never  found  in  ancient 
brass,  save  perhaps  in  the  case  of  a  fine 
stroke  for  which  a  single  lengthwise  cut  will 
serve  without  any  thickening  up.  There 
is  little  doubt  that  the  earliest  brass  en- 
graving was  conducted  in  exactly  the  same 
manner  as  in  the  present  day,  and  with 
tools  the  points  of  which  were  like  those  of 
to-day.  The  only  difference  appears  to 
be  that,  in  olden  times,  the  larger  sunken 
spaces,  such  as  those  between  the  legs 
and  sword  of  a  knight  (in  late  brasses  such 
spaces  not  being  perforated)  or  as  in  the 
field  of  a  coat  of  arms,  were  cross-hatched 
with  a  V-pointed  tool  alone,  whereas  now  a 
flat  chisel  may  also  be  introduced. 

A  very  small  fragment  of  brass  in  the 
stroke  of  a  letter,  the  cutting  away  of  which 
was  accidentally  omitted,  has  provided  a 
certain  proof  that  lettering  was  engraved 


12  S.  X.  MAI;.  11.  1 922.1 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


187 


then  as  now.  In  the  Ac  worth  brass  (1513) 
in  Luton  Church,  recently  raised  from  the 
floor  and  set  up  against  the  wall,  there 
occurs  in  the  marginal  inscription  the  word 
Timor,  of  which  the  accompanying  print 
is  a  faithful  copy.  In  the  letter  "  i  "  there 
will  be  seen  the  fragment  of  brass  referred 
to.  It  has  been  suggested  that  this  is  but 
a  scrap  of  pitch  or  dirt  collected  in  the  in- 
cision, but  I  have  personally  handled  and 
examined  it  on  two  or  three  occasions,  and  can 
unhesitatingly  assert  that  it  is  a  piece  of 
brass  not  cut  away  as  it  should  have  been. 
The  importance  of  this  discovery  lies  in  the 
fact  that  it  clearly  demonstrates  that  in 
engraving  the  broad  stroke  of  a  letter,  as, 
for  instance,  the  "i  "  in  question,  the  crafts- 
man cut  an  incision  with  a  V-pointed  tool 


down  one  side  of  the  stroke  and  then  another 
down  the  opposite  side,  thus  producing 
two  clean  outside  edges,  but,  owing  to  the 
narrow  width  of  the  graver,  failing  to  clear 
away  the  slip  of  brass  between,  in  the  centre 
of  the  stroke.  This  had  afterwards  to  be 
cut  away  with  a  third  cut  down  the  centre, 
vrhich  is  the  precise  process  employed  to-day. 
A  general  examination  of  lettering  in  many 
old  brasses  that  have  passed  through  my 
hands  has  confirmed  my  view  of  the  early 
existence  of  this  method  of  engraving. 

WALTER  E.  GAWTHORP. 
16,  Long  Acre,  W.C.2. 


A  NOTE  ON  THE  ANGLO-SAXON 
CHRONICLE,  ANN.  897. 

PREDATORY  bands  of  Danes  from  East 
Anglia  and  Northumbria  had  been  harassing 
Wessex  and  the  south  coast  in  their  war- 
ships which  they  had  built  some  years 
before.  To  counteract  these  attacks,  King 
Alfred  ordered  the  construction  of  long 
ships,  of  a  type  which  he  himself  considered 
the  most  useful.  They  had  sixty  or  more 
oars  and  were  nearlv  twice  the  size  of  the 


Danish  ships,  being  of  greater  displacement, 
swifter,  and  steadier. 

Some  time  during  897,  six  Danish  ships 

raided   the  south,   doing  great  damage  all 

along   the   coast,    especially   in   Devonshire 

I  and  the  Isle  of  Wight.    Alfred  ordered  nine 

i  of  his  ships  to  go  and  attack  them,  and  the 

i  English  fleet   discovered   the   Danish   ships 

|  in  a  harbour,  and,  by  sealing  up  the  entrance, 

blockaded  them.    Three  of  the  Danish  ships 

were  cfrawn  up  on  the  shore,  the  crews  being 

inland,  and  the  other  three  ships  attacked 

the  English.       In  the  ensuing  fight  two  of 

the   Danes  were   sunk,   the   third   escaping 

with  only  five  men  left  alive. 

At  this  time  the  English  ships  ran  aground 
in  a  most  inconvenient  position.  Three  of 
them  were  stranded  on  the  same  side  as 
the  three  Danish  ships,  the  other  six  being 
!  aground  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  channel. 
As  the  tide  ebbed  many  furlongs  from  the 
ships,  the  crews  of  the  Danish  ships  attacked 
the  three  English  ships  on  the  same  side, 
with  the  result  that  seventy-two  of  the 
allied  English  and  Frisians  and  a  hundred 
and  twenty  Danes  were  slain. 

When  the  tide  again  reached  the  ships, 

the  Danes  rowed   away  first,   because  the 

flood  tide  floated  them  before  the  English 

could   push    off   (ascnfan),   the    greater   size 

and    consequent    heavier    displacement    of 

the  English  ship&  requiring  more  wTater  to 

j  float    them    than    the    smaller    and    lighter 

Danish  ships.     The  Danes  were  not  able  to 

j  row  round   the   coast   of   Sussex   owing   to 

I  their    damaged    condition.       Two    of   them 

i  were  driven  on  the  shore,  the  crews  being 

taken    to    the    King    at    Winchester    and 

hanged,    while   the   remaining   ship's   crew, 

severely  wounded,  reached  East  Anglia. 

A  certain  amount  of  doubt  has  hitherto 
existed  as  to  the  exact  location  ^of  this 
naval  battle.  Poole  Harbour  in  Dorset  and 
a  haven  in  the  Isle  of  Wight  have  been 
I  put  forward.  It  is  suggested  here  that  the 
|  battle  took  place  in  Southampton  Water. 
The  Chronicle  states  that  the  ships  were 
stranded  on  opposite  sides  of  the  channel. 
This  could  not  be  the  case  in  an.  open  har- 
I  bour.  Southampton  Water  is  approximately 
one  and  a  half  miles  broad  at  full  tide,  and 
three-quarters  of  a  mile  broad  at  low  water, 
the  statement  that  the  tide  ebbed  many 
furlongs  being  strictly  true.  The  Danish 
ships  must  have  been  beached  on  the  west 
side  of  the  Water,  because  on  this  side 
the  tide  recedes  fela  furlanga. 

It  must  be   remembered   that   there  are 


188 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [^S.X.MAK.H,  1922. 


four  tides  daily  at  Southampton.  The  Eng- 
lish fleet  seems  to  have  arrived  about  the 
time  of  high  water,  and  their  attention  was 
so  diverted  owing  to  the  fight  in  the  mouth 
of  the  Water  that  the  rapid  ebb  of  the  tide  left 
them  stranded  on  either  side  of  the  channel. 
While  stranded,  the  Danes  attacked  the 
ships  on  their  side,  with  the  result  that  they 
were  beaten.  When  the  tide  again  reached 
the  ships,  at  the  most  six  hours  later,  the 
Danes  were  able  to  float  their  shipg  first, 
owing  to  their  less  displacement,  and  so 


make  their  escape. 

Hat-field  College,  Durham. 


J.  R.  SPATJL. 


A  LATIN  SAYING. — At  10  S.  v.  88,  PROF. 
Mo  QBE  SMITH  asked  for  the  source  of  the 
lines, 

Quamvis  cuncta  notes,  quae  lustrat  regna  Bootes, 
Vix  reperire  potes  quam  sine  labe  notes, 
which  are  quoted  in  Abraham  Fraunce's 
'Victoria,'  11.  2226-7  in  the  Professor's 
edition.  The  same  couplet,  with  quern, 
not  quam  in  the  second  line  (Fraunce's 


(Mar.  25,  1823),  he  is  described  as  "  of  the 
Lower  Terrace,  Lower  Street,  Islington,  .  .  . 
Surveyor."  He  is  also  called  a  surveyor 
in  The  Builder  (Sept.  4,  1884;  obituary  of 
Charles  Lee).  On  March  11,  1794,  William 
Williams  married  Rachel,  daughter  of 
John  Lee  of  Islington  (and  sister  of  Joseph 
Lee,  painter  in  enamels  to  the  Princess 
Charlotte  and  the  Duke  of  Sussex),  but 
ob.s.p.  June  10,  1833,  and  was  buried  at  St. 
Mary's  Church.  A  curious  anecdote  con- 
cerning him  will  be  found  in  The  Connoisseur, 
No.  170,  vol.  xliii.,  p.  94,  while  some  account 
of  his  wife's  relatives,  more  especially  the 
enamel  painter,  was  published  in  the  same 
periodical,  No.  197,  vol.  1.,  p.  29  et  seq. 
Mrs.  Rachel  Williams  lived  at  Cloudesley 
Terrace,  Liverpool  Road,  Islington.  She  was 
born  on  Oct.  29, 1775  ;  was  named  as  executrix 
of  her  maternal  aunt's,  "  Betty  "  (Elizabeth) 
Oldroyd's,  will  (dated  Aug.  20,  1820  ;  proved 
May  20,  1823),  and  died  June  7,  1840. 
Her  body  was  buried  in  the  churchyard  of 
St.  Mary's,  Islington,  but  the  headstone 
disappeared  when  the  site  was  cleared  for 


context  required  the  feminine),  is  given  !  laying  out  as  a  recreation  ground.  I  have 
on  p.  74  of  Jakob  Werner's  '  Lateinische  I  been  told  that  the  tombstones  were  then 
Sprichworter  und  Sinnspruche  des  Mittelalters  |  mainly  stacked  in  the  vaults  of  the  church, 
aus  Handschriften  gesammelt '  (Heidelberg,  |  Having  no  children  of  her  own,  Mrs. 
1912).  It  is  there  taken  from  a  collection  |  Williams  Was  responsible  for  the  upbringing 
of  sayings  in  a  MS.  of  the  University  Library  ,  of  her  nephew,  Charles  Lee  (1804-1880),  the 
at  Basle,  assigned  by  the  editor  to  the  first  |  well-known  architect  and  surveyor,  son  of 
quarter  of  the  fifteenth  century.  j  James  Lee  (1772- 181 6),  of  Islington.  Two  of 

EDWARD  BENSLY.      ;  Charles's  sons  bore  the  name  of  Williams— 
j  Charles    Williams  Lee  (1840-1901)    and  my 

A     LONDON  WELSH     FAMILY:  WILLIAMS   grandfather,  Sydney  Williams  Lee  (1841 -19 17). 
OP  ISLINGTON. — The  following  notes,   com- 
piled   from   documents   and   memoranda  in 
my  possession,  may  interest  Welsh  genealo- 
gists : — 

Benjamin  Williams,  born  at  Haverford- 
west  (date  unascertained),  was  a  church- 
warden of  St  Mary's,  Islington,  in  1797  and 
1798.  He  died  Nov.  4,  1-804,  and  was 
buried  at  the  same  church,  leaving  by  his 
wife  Sarah  (nee  Brindley;  died  Sept.  22, 
1800,  aged  56),  a  son,  William.  Whether 
Mrs.  Benjamin  Williams  was  a  connexion 
of  James  Brindley,  the  engineer,  I  cannot 
say ;  but  my  maternal  grandfather  was 


F.  GORDON  ROE. 

Arts  Club,  Dover  Street,  W. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries 
in  order  that  answers  mav  be  sent  to  them  direct. 


STROUD  GREEN. — What  justification  is 
there  for  Sir  Laurence  Gomme's  equation, 
"  Stanestaple  =  Stroud  Green,"  stated  but 


in   the   habit  of  keeping  an  old  newspaper   unexplained  in  his  '  Governance  of  London,' 
cutting  concerning  him,  with  certain  other  I  p.  411  ?     If   there 


matter  relating  to  the  family. 

William  Williams  (son  of  Benjamin)  was 
born  on  April  27, 1770,  "  at  the  house  situate 
at  the  south-east  corner  of  Britannia  Row 
and  Lower  Road,"  Islington.  In  a  lease 
dated  Dec.  25,  1804,  his  vocation  is  given 


be    no    justification    for 

this  identity,  where  indeed  was  the  Domes- 
day Estate,  held  by  the  Canons  of  St.  Paul's  ? 
When  does  the  present  name  of  "  Stroud  " 
Green  first  occur  ?  What  evidence  exists 
in  support  of  Lysons's  statement,  given  with- 
out reference  of  any  sort  and  in  a  passage 


"  Timber  Dealer,"  but,  in  a  later  lease,    in   which    he    dismisses    the    "  hamlet  "    in 


12  s.x.  MAR.  iif  1922.3        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


189 


exactly  eight  words,  that  the  place  was 
"  formerly  a  seat  of  the  Stapletons  "  ('  En- 
virons of  London,'  ii.,  p.  421)  ?  From 
what  part  of  the  country  did  this  family 
come,  and  when  did  the  interest  of  its  mem- 
bers in  this  district  cease  ?  S.  J.  MADGE. 
69,  Oakfleld  Road,  Stroud  Green,  N.4. 

JOHN  PLANTA'S   SPINNING-WHEEL. — John! 
Planta  of  Fulneck,  near  Leeds,  at  the  end ; 
of  the   eighteenth  century,  made   spinning- ! 
wheels  in  which  a  heart-cam  is  introduced  '\ 
to   distribute   the   thread   over  the   bobbin  | 
automatically  instead  of  having  to  change  j 
it  by  hand  from  one   "  heck  "  of  the  flyer  j 
to   another.     A  specimen   of   his   wheel    is 
in  the  Victoria  and  Albert  Museum,  South 
Kensington. 

He  did  not  patent  this  invention,  but  it 
would  raise  a  point  of  some  interest  if  it 
were   known   that   he   used   the   hear t-  cam  j 
for  this  purpose  before    1775,   when  Ark-| 
wright  embodied  it  in  his    "  water-frame."  j 
The  specimen  alluded  to  suggests  that  it  is 
much  later  in  date  than  this  ;     in  fact  the 
wheel  is  obviously  intended  for  a  drawing- 
room  at  a  period  when  hand  spinning  had 
become  merely  an  affectation  of  the  well- 
to-do.     Can  anyone  give  dates  ? 

H.  W.  DICKINSON. 

SIR  CHARLES  Cox,  M.P.  for  Southwark. — 
What  is  known  of  his  parentage  and  history  ? 
Shaw's  '  Knights  of  England  '  states  he  was 
knighted  Sept.  21,  1709  ;  *  Musgrave's 
'  Obituary  '  gives  the  date  of  his  death  as 
June  13,  1729,  and  states  he  was  a  brewer. 
Will  dated  May  16,  1729,  proved  June  25, 
1729  (162  Abbott),  gives  no  information  as 
to  his  family.  I  conjecture  that  he  came 
from  Shipton-under-Wychwood,  Oxon,  from 
the  following  record  of  apprenticeship 
indexed  in  the  Society  of  Genealogists 
Collection  :  "  Cox  Brooks,  son  of  Chamberlain 
B.  of  Shipton,  Oxon,  farmer,  Mar.  11,  1715, 
to  Sir  Charles  Cox,  citizen  and  brewer ; 
In.  Rev.  1/3-14.  The  families  of  Cox  and 
Chamberlain  of  Shipton  were  related. 

E.  ST.  JOHN  BROOKS. 

'  OTHELLO.' — We  are  told  that  in  the 
First  Folio  there  are  160  lines  not  found  in 
the  Quarto.  I  have  no  copy  of  the  plays 
that  indicates  these  additions.  Staunton 
marks  the  new  lines  in  '  Richard  III.'  but 
not  in  '  Othello.'  Can  any  reader  indicate 
for  me  the  most  important  additions  in 
'  Othello  '  ?  GEORGE  HOOKHAM. 

Willersey,  Glos. 


NON-JURING  CLERGY  :  BAPTISMAL  REGIS- 
TERS.— What  became  of  the  baptismal 
registers,  if  any,  kept  by  the  non-juring 
clergy  ?  In  particular,  are  those  of  the 
chapel  in  Theobald's  Road  extant  ?  The 
congregation  worshipping  there  was  at  one 
time  under  the  pastoral  care  of  Gordon,  the 
last  of  the  canonically  ordained  non-juring 
bishops.  That  dignitary  is  said  by  Dr.  King 
( '  Political  and  Literary  Anecdotes ' )  to 
have  been  sent  for  by  Prince  Charles  Edward 
to  baptize  the  first  child  he  had  by  Miss 
Walkenshaw.  The  register  in  question  might 
or  might  not  confirm  this  statement.  To 
Bishop  Gordon's  credit  be  it  said  that  he 
was  most  strict  in  his  observance  of  all 
canonical  and  rubrical  directions,  so  Jie 
would  be  sure  to  keep  a  register  of  his 
baptisms.  H.  F.  WILSON. 

66,  Louis  Street,  Hull. 

THE  HOUSE  OF  HUSBANDRY. — There  has 
been  recently  presented  to  the  Shakespeare 
Birthplace,  Stratford-on-Avon,  a  deed  of 
1619,  referring  to  the  division  of  the  Great 
Farm  of  Broadway,  owned  by  Mistress  Ann 
Daston.  In  it  occurs  the  phrase  "  the 
House  of  Husbandry."  I  have  not  met  with 
these  words  in  any  previous  deed.  Is  this 
a  common  phrase,  and  may  it  be  taken  to 
refer  to  a  farmhouse  ?  E.  A.  B.  B. 

BERNASCONI. — In  the  early  years  of  the 
nineteenth  century  a  great  deal  of  work  was 
done  in  English  cathedrals  by  an  Italian  of 
this  name,  who  was  particularly  skilful  in 
the  restoration  of  sculpture.  He  used  a 
cement,  the  composition  of  which  he  kept 
a  secret,  and  his  work  is  to  be  found  in, 
among  other  places,  Westminster  Abbey, 
(Dean  Stanley  was  rather  scathing  about  it), 
Southwell  Minster  and,  I  believe,  Ripon 
and  Beverley.  What  is  known  about 
Bernasconi  and  his  work  ?  Y.  Y. 

WILLIAM  MILBURN. — Can  any  reader  give 
me  information  as  to  the  identity  of  William 
Milburn,  author  of  '  Oriental  Commerce,' 
containing  a  geographical  description  of 
the  principal  places  in  the  East  Indies, 
with  their  produce ;  in  two  volumes ; 
London,  1813  ?  JOSEPH  M.  BEATTY,  JR. 
Goucher  College,  Baltimore,  Maryland,  U  .S.A. 

SIR  T.   PHILLIPS. — Was  he   a    herald    or 
did  he  only  collect  MSS.   for  his   library  ? 
Are  his  MSS.   of  value  ?     Where  are  they 
to  be  found  ?    Are  they  bound  in  volumes  ? 
CLARIORES  E  TENEBRIS. 


190 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [HS.X.IIA..II.IMI 


"GREGOR"  OF  THE  MOSQUITO  COAST. —  GENERAL  CYRUS  TRAPAUD  :  PORTRAIT  BY 
Can  any  reader  give  me  information,  or  refer  j  SIR  JOSHUA  REYNOLDS. — Can  anyone  tell  me 
me  to  any  book  giving  information,  re-  I  in  whose  possession  this  picture  is  now  ?  It 


specting  extensive  frauds  by  one  "  Gregor  " 
in  connexion  with  territories  exploited  on 
the  Mosquito  Coast  ?  He  called  himself 
"  Cazique  of  Poyais,"  and  issued  land 
grants,  bank-notes,  &c.  I  have  one  of  the 
latter,  engraved  by  an  Edinburgh  firm  and 
dated  "  St.  Joseph — 182-,"  drawn  on  the 
"Bank  of  Poyais"  by  authority  of  "His 
Highness  Gregor,  Cazique  of  Poyais." 


was  painted  in  1760  and  is  mentioned  in  '  A 
History  of  the  Works  of  Sir  Jospha  Rey- 
nolds, P.R.A.,'  by  Algernon  Graves,  F.R.S., 
and  William  Vine  Cromi,  vol.  iii.,  p.  985. 
The  portrait  of  his  wife,  Mrs.  Catherine 
Trapaud,  by  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds,  is  also 
mentioned  at  p.  986  of  the  same  book, 
and  is  at  the  Dublin  National  Picture 
Gallery.  There  is  also  an  engraving  of  same 


The  frauds  therefore  seem  to  have  oc-  i  at  tne  British  Museum  by  Fisher, 
curred  between  1820  and  1830.  I  once  saw  !  General  Cyrus  Trapaud  was  an  ensign 
them  referred  to  in  a  Press  article  by  the  |  a*  tne  Battle  of  Dettingen,  1743,  where  the 
late  Geo.  A.  Sala.  I  believe  England  i  horse  of  George  II.  ran  away  with  him ; 
once  had  a  colony  on  the  Mosquito  Coast,  I  fortunately  Trapaud  seized  him  by  the  bridle 
and  a  paper  thereon,  styled  '  A  Forgotten  and  thereby  saved  the  King's  life.  He  died 
Puritan  Colony,'  appeared  in  Blackwood  '  MaY  3, 1 801 ,  aged  87,  and  is  buried  at  Chelsea 
in  1898.  A.C.WiLLis.  'Hospital. 

I.  A.  M.  SALISBURY  GILLMAN. 

WILLIAM    MEYLER,   author    of    '  Monody  i     Hendon. 

on   the   Death   of   Garrick,'     '  Poems,'    &c.  !      FILES    OF   OLD   NEWSPAPERS  WANTED. — 
(London,  1779),  and  '  Poetical  Amusements'  '  Can  any  reader  tell  me  where  the  files  of  The 


(Bath,  1806).  Is  he  the  Meyler  of  Bath  who 
published  Landor's  rare  and  anonymous 
book  of  poems  *  Simonides,'  and  who,  as  a 
poet,  won  the  prize  for  poems  placed  in  the 
vase  at  Lady  Miller's  villa  at  Batheaston  ? 
Dates  and  places  of  birth  and  death  and 
particulars  of  his  life  would  be  valued. 

RUSSELL  MARKLAND. 


Evening  Post  between  1727  and  1740  (not 
London  Evening  Post)  also  of  The  Daily 
Advertiser  between  1746  and  1760  (not 
London  Daily  Advertiser)  may  be  seen  for 
research  ?  They  are  not  in  the  British 
Museum  or  Guildhall  Library,  London. 

W.  A.  WEBB. 

does     this    word 
bene 


"  SORENCYS." — -What 
mean  ?      Stow     says,     "  I 


had 


__,  .  ,  _.  ___  mean    :         ouuw       &a,ys,  a.       uttu.       uone       <* 

RICHARD  ABBOTT,  born  at  Burton,  West-  i  serchar  of  antiquitis  (whiche  were  devinite, 

ph«lAM.««       •*•«-.     1Q1O       n««4***-*M    ,/-*.4-    *    A^7*-»-M    *-v«x-3     AJ-"L* «.  *  v 


morland,  iri  1818,  author  of  '  War  and  other 
Poems  '  (1876)  and  '  The  Pen,  the  Press 
and  the  Sword'  (1879),  was  a  shepherd 


sorencys  and  poyetrye  .  .  ."),  about 
1564  (Kingsford's  '  Stow,'  vol.  i.,  p.  xlix.). 
Mr.  Kingsford  (ibid.,  p.  ix.),  says  it  is 


astrology." 
DANIEL  RACE  :    CHIEF   CASHIER   OF   THE 


on  the  slopes  of  Ingleborough,  and  later 
managed  the  limestone  quarries  at  Forcett, 
between  Darlington  and  Richmond,  where 
he  was  residing  when  a  notice  of  his  poetry  |  BANK  OF  ENGLAND. — Where  can  I  find  the 
appeared  in  William  Andrews's  '  North  I  best  account  of  this  celebrity  ?  Where  is 
Country  Poets.'  When  did  he  die  ?  his  portrait  by  Hickey,  which  was  engraved 

RUSSELL  MARKLAND.        by  J.  Watson  in  1733  ?  S.  R. 

'-.-.-.-.'  i 

KNAVES  ACRE,  LAMBETH.— In  a  letter  to  '  HEATHER  FAMILY.— Can  any  reader  put 
Edward  Moxon,  belonging  probably  to  the  i  me  ™  $e  track  of  the  Heather  pedigree  ? 
first  week  in  April,  1832,  Lamb  says :  i  Marshall 's  Genealogical  Guide  does  not 
"  There  is  a  portion  of  land  in  Lambeth  j  include  the  name. 

parish    called    Knaves    Acre."      And   in    a       A  KENSINGTON  TAPESTRY.— In  the  hall 
footnote    on   p.    237%  vol.    i.,    of   Harper  s  |  of  the  Victoria  and  Albert  Museum,  Kensing- 


Life  of  Wordsworth,'  giving  a  list  of  books 
and  pamphlets  noticed  in  The  Monfhly 
Review  for  October,  1793,  occurs  the  title, 
"  Knaves- Acre  Association." 

I  shall  be  glad  to  know  where  this  land 
was  situated  and  the  reason  for  the  name. 
G.  A.  ANDERSON. 


ton,  there  are  large  tapestry  maps  hung, 
described  as  of,  or  attributed  to,  the  Tudor 
or  early  Stuart  periods.  One  of  these 
(which  was  presented  in  1831  by  Arch- 
bishop Harcourt  to  the  Yorkshire  Philo- 
sophical Society)  shows  the  valley  of  the 
Thames,  with  the  City  of  London  and 


12  S.  X.  MAR.  11,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


191 


various  Surrey  and  Middlesex  towns  and 
villages  on  its  eastern  border.  In  the 
elevations  of  London,  St.  Paul's  Cathedral 
is  shown  vrith  dome,  ball  and  cross.  These 
features  of  the  cathedral  were  erected 
between  1685  and  1697.  It  would  be 
interesting  to  know  the  date  of  manufacture 
and  provenance  of  the  tapestry  in  question. 
J.  LANDFEAK  LUCAS. 

JACOBO  D'  ZSENACO  MENARDUS. — An 
epistle  addressed  to  this  person  is  bound 
up  with  a  very  old  copy  of  the  Vulgate, 
Who  was  he  ?  IGNORAMUS. 

BENJAMIN  HAVENC.  -  According  to 
Hasted's  *  Kent,'  Benjamin  Havenc  pur- 
chased Foots  Cray  Place  in  1772  and  be- 
came High  Sheriff  of  the  county  in  1777. 
Particulars  of  his  parentage  and  career  are 
wanted.  When  and  whom  did  he  marry  ? 
When  and  where  did  he  die  ? 

G.  F.  R.  B. 

SIB  HANS  FOWLEB  (1714-1771)  is  said  to 
have  been  sometime  an  officer  in  the  Prussian 
Army.  I  should  be  glad  to  learn  further 
information  about  his  career  abroad.  He 
succeeded  his  nephew  as  fifth  Baronet,  Nov. 
25,  1760.  G.  F.  R.  B. 

BURR-WALNUT. — I  should  be  glad  to  know 
what  exactly  is  meant  by  the  term  "  bur- 
(or  rr-)  walnut."  I  have  looked  in  the 
'  N.E.LV  and  cannot  find  it,  either  under 
bur  or  burr.  Bur-oak  is  given. 

J.  ANDEBSON  SMITH. 

BOOK-PLATE  OF  D.  ANDBEWS  DE 
SWATHLING. — I  possess  the  early  Jacobean 
armorial  book-plate  of  D.  Andrews  de 
Swathling.  Arms,  Azure,  a  cross  ermine 
between  four  fleurs-de-lis  or.  Crest,  a  demi- 
lion  holding  some  object  in  the  dexter  paw, 
which  I  am  unable  to  identify.  I  should  be 
glad  to  know  what  this  is  and  also  which 
county  Swathling  is  in. 

LEONARD  C.  PBICE. 

Esses.  Lodge,  Ewell. 

HENBY  KENDALL. — Information  is  sought 
regarding  Henry  Kendall,  who  lived  early 
in  the  eighteenth  century.  His  daughter, 
Louisa  Kendall,  married  Silvanus  Bevan, 
banker,  of  Lombard  Street,  in  1773,  and  on 
their  marriage  certificate  Henry  Kendall  is 
described  also  as  a  banker,  but  no  further 
particulars  regarding  his  parentage,  &c., 
are  known.  (MBS.)  A.  N.  GAMBLE. 

Gorse  Cottage,  Hook  Heath,  Woking. 


VINE  TAVEBN,  MILE  END. — Particulars 
are  desired  of  its  history.  It  was  built  of 
timber  with  tiled  roof  and  stood  between 
the  wide  pavement  and  the  wide  road.  It 

|  was  probably  built  before  the  middle  of  the 
eighteenth  century,  on  the  waste  land  at 
Mile  End.  There  are  two  views  of  it  (1887 
and  1903)  in  Norman's  '  London  Vanished 

I  and  Vanishing,'  the  second  view  being  taken 
shortly  before  its  demolition. 

J.  ABDAGH. 

AUTHORS  OP  QUOTATIONS  WANTED  : — 

1.  "  There  is  on  earth  a  yet  diviner  thing 

Veiled  though  it  be,  than  Parliament  or  King. ' ' 

2.  "  Yet  to  the  remnants  of  thy  splendour  past 

Shall  pilgrims  pensive  but  unwearied  throng." 

G.  L. 

GERMAN  BOOKS  WANTED. — Can  any  reader 
tell  me  of  (1)  a  popular  German  book  on  psycho- 
analysis, 50,000  to  100,000  words,  preferably 
dealing  with  the  child-mind  and  not"  indecent  "  ; 
(2)  any  good  German  pacifist  plays  ?  Name  of 
publisher  would  of  course  be  welcome  in  each  case. 

A.  E. 


fctplie*. 

TERCENTENARY  HANDLIST   OF 

NEWSPAPERS. 
(12  S.  viii.  38,  91,  118,  173,  252,  476.) 

THE  astonishing  number  of  references  to 
periodicals  in  '  N.  &  Q.'  induced  me  some 
time  ago  to  prepare  an  index  to  titles  where 
information  of  historical  use  is  given,  and 
on  comparing  this  with  the  '  Tercentenary 
List '  some  very  considerable  additions 
can  be  made.  In  the  following  list  I  have 
included  only  those  periodicals  which  have 
been  dated.  (Among  those  omitted  are 
the  titles  of  27  Regimental  magazines  given 
8  S.  x.  214,  but  without  dates.)  It  has 
been  carefully  checked  with  the  indexes 
in  the  *T.L.'  though  the  occasional  erratic 
arrangement  of  these  makes  it  difficult 
to  be  positive  that  a  title  has  not  been  over- 
looked. The  numerous  additional  titles 
of  the  years  1712  to  1731  are  due  to  the  lists 
printed  in  '  N.  &  Q.,'  3  S.  ix.,  which  were 
prepared  by  MR.  WM.  LEE  mainly  from 
the  list  in  Nichols's  '  Anecdotes,'  iv.  33-97, 
though  he  added  a  number  from  his  own 
knowledge.  In  many  cases  where  I  have 
omitted  periodicals  already  in  '  T.L.'  there 
is  useful  information  (earlier  dates,  &c.) 
given,  but  to  have  included  this  would  have 
taken  more  space  than  might  be  allowed. 
The  dates  appear  as  they  are  found  in 


192 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [12  S.X.MAB.  11,1922. 


*  N.  &  Q.,'  though  of  the  accuracy  of  some 
I  am  a  little  doubtful. 

LONDON. 
1652.  Diurnal    of    some    Passages    and    Affairs. 

5  S.  viii.  330. 
1680.  Mercurius   Librarius.     April    16-29.      10   S. 

xii.  243. 
1697.  Theosophical    Transactions    by   the   Phila- 

delphian  Society.     6  nos.      1  S.  vi.  437, 
1700.  Affairs  of  the  World.     Oct.    1  S.  xi.  186. 
1704.  The    Review  (De  Foe's).     Feb.   19,   1704 — 

May,  1713.      1  S.  x.  280. 
1709.  Monthly     Amusement.      April.       7    S.    x. 

249,  357. 

[Unless  other  references  are  given  all  titles  from 
1712  to  1731  are  taken  from  3  S.  ix.  73-5,  92-4.] 
1712.  The  Medley  (Baker's).     May  14. 
The  Medley  (Redpath's).     Aug.  4. 
The    Flying    Post     and    Medley    (Hurt's). 

July   27. 

The  Flying  Post  (Ridpath's). 
The  Flying  Post  (Tookey's). 
The  Night  Post.     Jan.    1. 
The      Poetical      Entertainment.       No.      2, 
Aug.    16. 

1714.  The  Waies  of  Literature. 

Dunton's  Ghost,   or  the  Hanover  Courant. 

March  10. 
News  from  the  Dead.     Nov.  23. 

1715.  The  Instructor. 

The  Bee.     No.  2,  Jan.  21. 

The  Censor.     April  11. 

The  Penny  Post.     July  19. 

The  Oracle.     Aug. 

Weekly  Remarks  and  Political  Reflections 

upon   the   most   Material   News,   foreign 

and  domestick.     Defc.  3. 
The  Tea-Table.     Dec.  17. 
The  Occasional  Paper.     Dec.    21. 

1716.  The  Evening  Weekly  Pacquet.     Jan.   6. 
The   General  Post.     Jan.    15.     (Later  The 

Evening  General  Post). 
The  Protestant  Pacquet.     Jan.  21. 
The  Political  Tatler.     Jan.  26. 
Remarkable  Occurrences.     Feb.    19. 
Whitehall   Courant.     May    2. 
The  Saturday's  Post.     Sept.   29. 
Jones's  Evening  News  Letter.     Oct.  29. 

1717.  The  Freeholder  Extraordinary.     Jan.   2. 
The  Penny  Post.     March  1-3. 

The  Weekly  Review  or  Wednesday's  Post. 

Aug.  14. 

The  Protestant  Medley.     Aug.  17. 
St.  James's  Weekly  Journal.     Sept.  1. 
The  Wednesday  Journal.     Sept.  25. 

1718.  The  Critic.     Jan.  6. 

The  Observator.     Feb.    10. 

The  Weekly  Jamaica  Courant.     March  12. 

The  Weekly  Medley.     July  26. 

The   Doctor.     Aug.    6. 

The  Whigg.     Sept.    3. 

The  Honest  Gentleman.     Nov.   5. 

1719.  The  London  Mercury.     March  14. 
The  Moderator.     April  6. 

The  Thursday's  Journal.     Aug.    6. 
The    Manufacturer.     Oct.    30. 
The  Weaver.     Nov.   23. 
The   Spinster.     Dec.    19. 


1720.  The     London     Mercury.     No.      15,     dated 

Feb.    4-11,    1721   (apparently  a  different 

paper  to  one  above).     8  S.  vii.  198. 
The  Commentator.     Jan.  1. 
Merry     Andrew,     or     British     Harlequin. 

Jan.   11 

The  Anti-Theatre.     Feb.  15. 
Protestant    Medley,    or    Weekly    Courant. 

March  12. 

The  Muses  Gazette.     March  12. 
The  Dependent  Free-Thinker.     March  21. 
The   Halfpenny  Post.       April    16      (estab. 

earlier). 

The  Director.     Oct.  5. 
Penny  Weekly  Journal.     No.   1,     Oct.    19. 

8  S.  vii.    188. 
The  Advocate.     Nov.  9. 
The  Spy.     Nov.  16. 

1721.  Terrae  Filius.     Jan.    11. 
The  Echo.     Jan.  14. 

The  Exchange  Evening  Post.     Jan.    16. 
The  Daily  Packet.     Jan.  20. 
The  Projector.     Feb.    6. 
The  Moderator.     April  21. 

1722.  The  Fairy  Tatler.     Feb.  3. 

Baker's      News,     or     Whitehall     Journal. 

May  29. 

The  Englishman's  Journal.     June   6. 
Monthly  Advices  from  Parnassus.     Nov. 

1724.  Halfpenny  Post;  (Parker's,  recently  estab- 

lished ;  another  paper — Read's — of  same 
title  was  also  started  in  1724).  11  S. 
iii.  432. 

The  Humourist. 

London  Postman.      11  S.  ii.  475. 

The  Monitor.     Aug.  14. 

1725.  The  Halfpenny  London  Journal.     No.   10. 

Jan.  10. 

The  Speculatist.     July  3. 
The    British   Spy    ;       or   Weekly   Journal. 

Sept.  25. 

1726.  The  Censor  or  Muster  General  of  all  News- 

papers.    7  S.  ii.  216. 

The     London     Daily     Post     and     General 
Advertiser. 

1727.  The  Evening  Entertainer.     No.  4.  Jan.  30. 
The  Shuffler.     Feb.  13. 

The  Political  Mercury.     Feb.   15. 

1728.  A   Guide   into   the   Knowledge   of   Publick 

Affairs.     May  6. 

1730.  CEdipus    ;       or   the   Postman    Remounted. 

Feb.  24. 
The  Weekly  Register.     April  19. 

1731.  The  Correspondent. 
The  Templar,  Feb.  4. 

1737.  Warwick       and       Staffordshire        Journal 

(London).     No.  13,   Nov.    12,    1737  ;   No. 

149,  June   18,   1740.     11  S.  ii.   78. 
1739.  Shropshire     Journal     (London).     No.     73, 

Feb.   12.      11  S.  ii.  26. 
1746.  National     Journal     or     Country     Gazette. 

No.  35.      10  S.  x.  49. 
1756.  Court      Magazine     and     Monthly      Critic. 

10  S.  i.  295. 
1766.  Miscellanea    Scientifica    Curiosa.      7    S.  iii. 

209. 
1769.  Morning  Chronicle.    (Commenced  in   1769.) 

10  S.  iv.    442,    and    11  S.  xii.   259.     (In 

'T.L.,'    1770.) 

c.    1774.  Whimsical     Depository.      10  S.  ix.   510. 
1775.  Miscellanea   Mathematica.     US.  ii.  347-8. 


12  s.x.  MAR.  ii,  1922.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


193 


1780.  British  Gazette  and  Sunday  Monitor.  No. 
1,  March  26.  5  S.  i.  121. 

1788.  Sunday   Chronicle   (Almon's).       March   30. 

Ibid. 

1789.  Review    and    Sunday    Advertiser.    No.     1, 

June  22.     (Continued  until  1796.)      Ibid. 
<.  1790.  Catholic  Magazine.       3  S.  xi.  3. 

1792.  Covent   Garden   Monthly   Recorder.    June. 

3  S.  ix.  118. 

1793.  Sunday  Reformer  and  Universal  Register. 

No.     1,    April    14.     Amalgamated    with 
'  London  Recorder,'  1796. 

1795.  Mathematical   Repository.     No.    2,   March. 

(Continued  until  1835'.)      11  S.  ii.  466-7. 

1796.  Thespian  Telegraph.     June  1.     118.  iv.  149. 
c.1797.  The  Day.      (Formerly  '  London  Evening 

News'      and      after     1817     '  Stoddart's 
New  Times.')      11  S.  iii.  432. 
1801.  Catholic     Magazine    and    Reflector.       Jan. 

6  S.  iii.  190. 

-c.  1810.  Catholic  Magazine  and  Review.  (Another 
publication  with  same  title  commenced 
hi  1813.)  3S.  xi.  3. 

1810.  The  Town.     April  6.     (15  nos.  are  in  Bod- 
leian.)    10  S.  ix.  69. 
1813.  The  Conciliator.   6  S.  iii.  190. 

Meteor,     or      Monthly     Censor,      1813-16. 

12  S.  i.  78. 

1815.  The  Publicist,  or  Christian  Philosopher. 
July.  (Continued  as  '  Catholicon.)  3  S. 
xi.  3. 

1817.  The  Trifler.  No.  1,  March  1— Sept.  8. 
«.1820.  Entertaining  Gazette.      1820-6.     7  S.     x. 

228. 

-«.1822.  German  Review.      12  S.  vii.  490. 
1822.  La  Correspondance  Privee.      11  S.  iv.  230. 
1826.  Museum  Criticum.  (8  nos.)     4  S.  xi.  483. 
e.1829.  British    Colonial    Quarterly    Intelligencer. 

(Three  or  four  nos.)       3  S.  xi.  3. 
«.1832.  Bell's  Life  Gallery  of  Comicalities.     4  S. 
ix.  479. 

1832.  North  London  Ferret.      10  S.  viii.  109. 

1833.  London  Flying  Post.     Oct.  10.     4  S.  x.  367. 

1834.  Twopenny  Free  Press.     Ibid. 
Weekly  Police  Gazette.     Ibid. 

Figaro's  Caricature  Gallery.  No.  3,  Nov.  22. 
Ibid. 

1835.  Daily  National  Gazette.     Ibid. 

London  Free  Press.  No.  30,  July  12.    Ibid. 
Political  Playbill.     July.     4  S.  ix.  480. 
Political  Stage.     No.   1,  Sept.     Ibid. 
Whiggeries  and  Waggeries.     No.   1.     Sept. 
Ibid. 

1836.  Andrews      Weekly       Orthodox       Journal. 

Mar.  8— June  27.      3  S.  xi.  3. 
Catholic    Magazine.    (Continued    January, 
1845,   as   'Dolman's   Magazine.'    '  T.L.' 
74.)     3  S.  xi.  4. 

1837.  Cleave's  Penny  Gazette.     4  S.  ix.  479. 
Gallery    of    Comicalities.     No.    5,    May    1. 

Ibid. 
Seymour's  Comic  Scrap  Sheet.  4  S.  ix. 

480. 
Wonder  and  Novelty.  Ibid. 

1840.  London  Magazine.      12  S.  vii.  211. 

1841.  Catholic  Recorder.     3  S.  xi.  30. 

1842.  Tom  Spring's  Life  in  London.    6  S.  v.  345. 
White's  Penny  Broadsheet.     Ibid. 

:1842.  Death  Warrant.     (  Later  *  Guide  to  Life.') 

6  S.  v.  371. 
Breadbasket.   4  S.  x.  26. 


1845.  College    and    T.B.     Life    at    Westminster. 

July   19,   1845,  to  June  27,    1846.       7  S. 

iv.    111. 
Good    Shepherd.     No.    1    (only),    May    3. 

3  S.  xi.  30. 
Mephistopheles.       No.  1,  Dec.  12.     4  S.  x. 

26. 

1846.  New  Catholic  Magazine.     Nos.  1-12.       3  S. 

xi.  154. 

1847.  Nugae     Westmonasterienses.      June     26 — 

Dec.  4.     7  S.  iv.   111. 

1848.  Comic  Bradshaw.     4  S.  x.  26. 
Daily   Twaddlegraph.     Ibid. 

Literary  Companion.  May  6 — August.    10  S. 
ix.  438. 

1849.  Smith    Street    Gazette.     Dec.,    1849— Nov. 

1851.      12  S.  iii.  447. 

1850.  Catholic    Register    and  Magazine.     March. 

(Continuation      of      Weekly      Register.) 
:;  s.  xi.  30. 

Lamp.    March  16.      3  S.  xi.  30  ;  11  S.  x.  317. 
Le  Proscrit.     July.      11  S.  ii.   228. 
1855.  Amateur's  Magazine.     July,    1855 — March, 

1856.      3  S.  v.  64. 
Comic  Times.  No.    1.  Aug.  10.    4  S.  ix.  529. 

1859.  Quiz.  No.  1,  Jan.  8.      4  S.  x.  25. 

1860.  The  British  Lion.     4  S.  ix.  479. 

British     Star.     July    9,    1860— May,    1862. 

(Obpettanikoe      Aethp.)      11    S.    x.    49, 

114-5 
The     Drawing    Room    Dilettanti    Review. 

No.  1,  Dec.  15.     4  S.  ix.  529. 

1861.  Times  for  1961.    (One  number  only.)     4  S. 

ix.  480. 

1862.  Simpson.      No.  5,  Jan.  18.     48.  x.  25. 

1863.  Church  Times.     Feb.  7.     (Earlier  record ;  in 

*  T.L.'  as  1869.)      11  S.  vii.  141-3  (Jubilee 
History),  161-2. 

1864.  The  Earwig.     4  S.  ix.  479. 
Peter  Spy.     4  S.  ix.  480. 

Mr.  Merryman.     No.  1,  Mar.  23.     4  S.  x.  25. 
London  Life.    No.  1,  July  16.     Ibid. 
The  Comet.     No.  1,  Sept.      4  S.  ix.  479. 

1865.  The  Bubble.     No.   1,  Mar.  21.     Ibid. 
Blackheathen.   No.    2,  May,    1865 ;    No.    4, 

1866.    10  S.  xii.  89  ;  12  S.  vii.  93. 

1867.  Ambrose  Hudson's  Journal.     4.8.  ix.  479. 
Forget  me  Not.'    Ibid. 

Halfpenny  Punch.     No.    1,  Aug.   31.  Ibid. 
Postman.     Oct.     48.  v.  591. 
Sensation  Journal.     4  S.  ix.  480. 
Toby  Illustrated.  No.  1,  Oct.  23.     Ib id. 
The  Town.     Ibid. 

1868.  The  Razor.     Ibid. 

1870.  The  Wasp.     Ibid. 

War  Cry.     (Only  one  number.)     4.  S.  x.  26. 
Mrs.  Brown's  Budget.     No.  l.Aug.  1.     4  S. 

ix.  480. 

Comic  Opinion.     No.  1,  Dec.  1.     4  S.  ix.  529. 
The    Grumbler.     No.     3,     Dec.     3.     4    S. 

ix.   479. 

1871.  Charley  Wag.     Ibid. 

Knight    Errant.     No.    44,    May    27.     4   S. 

ix.  480. 
Black  and  White.     No.   4,  July  5.     4     S. 

ix.  479. 
1873.  British  Chronicle.     7  S.  v.  169,  257. 

Penny-a-Week  Daily   Country    Miscellany. 

June  25.     (Farthing  paper.)     7  8.  v.  267, 

315;  11  S.  iii.  366. 
Six-a-Penny  or  Penny-a-Week    Town  and 


194 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [12  s.x.  MAR.  11,1922. 


Country  Daily  Newspaper.    July  14.     In- 
corporated with  the  '  Sun,'  Sept.  30.    7  S. 
v.  315. 
1884.     The  Blue  'Un.     No.   1,  May  31.     6  S.  xi. 

62. 

1893.     Martlet.     No.  1,  Mar.  1.     8  S.  iii.  256. 
ROLAND  AUSTIN. 
Gloucester. 

(To  be  continued.) 

OXFORDSHIRE  MASONS  (12  S.  x.  89, 138). — 
One  of  us  (E.  ST.  J.  B.)  recorded  the  will 
of  Edward  Beacham  of  Burford,  Co.  Ox- 
ford, yeo.,  dated  Aug.  10,  1677  (see  first 
reference),  and  since  that  issue  he  has 
found,  in  the  book  of  Oxford  Administra- 
tions in  the  Principal  Probate  Registry,  that 
on  April  29,  1682,  administration  of  the  goods 
of  the  testator  was  granted  to  his  sons 
Joseph  and  Benjamin,  the  widow  and 
executrix,  called  both  Margery  and  Mar- 
garet in  the  will  of  1677,  having  died  before 
taking  out  administration,  i.e.,  between 
1677  and  1682.  In  the  will  are  mentioned 
four  sons,  Thomas  Beacham,  eldest  son, 
Joseph,  Benjamin,  and  Ephraim,  and  three 
married  daughters,  Hester  Webb,  Martha 
Strong,  and  Elizabeth  Nightingale.  Joseph 
is  doubtless  the  Joseph  Beauchamp  of  the 
epitaph  quoted  by  MR.  T.  C.  TOMBS,  from 
which  record  he  was  born  1655.  His  sister, 
Martha  Beauchamp  (b.  1652  ;  d.  1725), 
married,  e.  1677,  Edward  Strong,  sen., 
master-mason  (b.  1652,  d.  1723);  their  son, 
Edward  Strong,  jun.  (b.  1675/6  ;  d.  1741), 
is  stated  in  Clutterbuck's  '  Hist,  of  Herts,' 
vol.  i.,  to  have  married  Mary  Beauchamp. 
Original  documents  in  the  possession  of  one 
of  us  (H.  C.),  however,  show  that  his  wife 
was  named  Susanna  Roberts  ;  she  had  a 
paralytic  seizure  on  June  22,  1740,  and  was 
so  gravely  ill  at  the  commencement  of 
August  that  she  is  unlikely  to  have  sur- 
vived long.  HENRY  CURTIS. 

E.  ST.  JOHN  BROOKS. 

Richard  Jennings  of  Henley -on -Thames 
was  another  of  the  master-masons  of 
St.  Paul's  Cathedral.  He  was  the  son  of 
Thomas  Jennings  of  Pangbourne,  Berks, 
and  his  wife,  Priscilla,  who  was  the  daughter 
of  John  and  Pri?cilla  Salter,  both  of  Henley. 
About  the  year  1700  he  purchased  Badge- 
more  (anciently  known  as  Baggerugge) 
about  one  mile  from  Henley  on  the  Greys 
Road,  which  at  that  time  only  consisted  of  a 
farmhouse  and  fields.  Ten  years  later  he 
commenced  building  the  present  house  at 
Badgemore  with  the  bricks  and  scaffolding 
used  temporarily  in  the  cathedral  building. 


Jennings  resided  here  for  several  years  till 
his  death  in  1718.  His  relations  were 
settled  in  this  neighbourhood  before  the 
eighteenth  century,  and  a  branch  of  the 
Jennings  family  lived  at  Lashbrook,  in 
Shiplake  parish,  before  1700. 

In  1711  Mr.  Richard  Jennings,  of  Badge- 
more  presented  a  book  to  Henley  Church, 
'  The  Life  and  Defence  of  Bishop  Jewell.' 
This  book  had  a  portion  of  a  chain  and 
staple  attached  to  it  by  which  it  could -be 
fastened  to  a  lectern  or  a  table,  and  probably, 
from  the  date  and  the  circumstance  of  the 
donor  being  master-mason  of  St.  Paul's, 
may  have  been  a  relic  of  old  St.  Paul's, 
which  be  wished  to  present  to  the  place  of 
his  residence. 

Jeiinings  was  buried  in  Henley  church- 
yard, close  to  the  west  end  of  the  north 
aisle,  where  an  oblong  stone  altar-tomb 
has  the  following  particulars  of  himself  and 
relatives  : — 

On  upper  stone  slab  : — 

To  the  Memory  of 

JOHN  SALTER  YEOMAN  and 

PRISCILLA  his  Wife  Both  of  this  Town 

Born  in  1524 

And  their  Daughter  PRISCILLA 

with  her  Husband  THOMAS  JENNINGS 

of  Pangborn  Born  in  1620. 

«  Also  to  the  Memory  of 

RICHARD  JENNINGS  of  Bridgmore 

His  Son  and  Master  Builder  of  S.  Pauls 

in  London  with  his  two  Sons. 

Great  Benefactor  to  this  Church 

To  the  Memory  of  WILLIAM  JENMNGS 

Marriner  and  his  Wife  and  her  Children 

Also  of  MARGARET  JENNINGS  and  her 

Husband  BENJAMIN  SHARP 

Born  in  1664 

By  whom  she  had  four  Sons  and  three  Daughter*- 

John  her  Youngest  Son  Repaired  this  Tomb 

In  1752 

South  side  : — 

Also  to  the  Memory  of 

JOHN  SHARP  Esqr. 

Late  of  Gatwick  Hall  in  the  County  of  Surry 
and  one  of  his  Majesty's  Justice  of  Peace 

for  the  said  County 
who  Died  August  ye  2nd  1771,  Aged  72  Years. 

North  side  : — • 

Also  to  the  Memory  of 
RICHARD  JENNINGS  of  Badgemore 
Master  Builder  of  St.  Paul  in  London 
a  Great  Benefactor  to  this  Church. 

It  is  very  strange  that  the  dates  of 
Jennings's  birth  and  death  are  not  men- 
tioned on  the  tomb.  I  obtained  the  date 
of  his  death  from  the  *  Guide  to  Henley-on- 
Thames,'  by  Emily  J.  Climenson  (1896). 
L.  H.  CHAMBERS. 

Bedford. 


12  S.  X.  MAR.  11,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


195 


THE  CAP  OF  MAINTENANCE  (12  S.  x.  151). 
— I  gather  from  the  note  at  the  foot  of  this 
query  that  previous  discussion  of  this 
subject  elicited  no  certain  information. 

It  occurs  to  me  that  even  a  purely  private 
account  may  prove  of  use  and  satisfy 
SIR  WILLIAM  BULL,  although  what  I  have 
to  relate  is  mere  family  legend  told  from 
father  to  son  till  it  reached  me.  My  family 
is  one  of  the  very  few  entitled  to  bear  on 
its  crest  the  "  cap  of  maintenance."  In  my 
private  history  of  the  Holme  family  for  the 
guidance  of  my  descendants  is  the*  account 
of  how  the  cap  became  our  insignia  and  also 
what  it  betokened.  A  very  ancient  docu- 
ment states  : — 

In  the  year  of  the  incarnation  of  our  blessed 
Lord  and  Saviour  one  thousand  67  at  the  time 
that  William  the  Conqueror  brought  his  Army 
into  Britain's  Isle,  many  lords  and  gentlemen 
•came  along  with  him.  Amongst  those  was  a 
certain  gentleman  out  of  the  County  of  Stock- 
holm,* a  valiant  young  squire  whose  name  was 
John,  being  one  of  very  handsome  conduct,  and 
being  taken  notice  of  by  the  General  himself 
who  made  him  captain  in  his  Army. 

This  extract  is  to  specify  the  man.  The 
legend  as  formerly  written  down  and  handed 
through  generations  is  as  follows  : — 

The  General  chose  out  John  de  Houlme  "  for 
his  great  and  valiant  manhood  "  and  rewarded 
him  with  great  estates,  at  the  same  time  he 
placed  his  own  cap  upon  his  head,  adopting  him 
as  "  King's  Son."  The  cap  denoted  that  when- 
ever "  the  King  required  support  he  must  attend 
with  one  knight  and  his  equipment  and  five 
men-at-arms,  all  to  serve  as  long  as  it  was  the 
wish  of  the  King  for  them  to  do  so. 

If  we  accept  this  "  family  tradition  "  as 
correct,  the  origin  and  meaning  of  the 
"  cap  "  is  made  clear. 

In  Stephen's  time,  when  the  art  of  heraldry 
was  systematized,  the  original  blue  cap  was 
delineated  with  a  border  of  ermine  peaked 
in  front  and  with  two  turned-up  tails 
behind. 

As  a  kind  of  corroboration  of  this  legend- 
ary account  I  may  say  that  when  King  John 
adopted  this  City  and  County  of  Newcastle 
as  a  King's  Borough  he  gave  to  its  governors 
a  blue  "  cap  of  maintenance,"  which  cap 
was  in  later  years  long  hidden — not  being 

*  In  780  the  great-ancestor  of  this  John,  viz., 
the  Sieur  de  Houlme  of  Houlme,  near  Rouen,  sailed 
with  Hollo  to  the  River  Tyne  and  wintered  near 
Newcastle  (then  Monkchester),  and  in  781  or  782 
sailed  to  Northmandie  and  conquered  Charles 
the  Simple,  gaining  thereby  the  North  Coast  of 
France,  and  in  1066  this  John  de  Houlme  came 
over  with  the  Conqueror,  so  that  the  record  ought 
to  read  "  out  of  Rouen  although  of  descent  from 
a  Scandinavian  family  called  Stockholm." 


understood.  Some  years  ago  I  mentioned  to 
Alderman  Holmes  the  fact  that  Newcastle 
once  possessed,  as  did  Exeter,  a  cap  of 
maintenance.  A  search  was  made  and  at 
the  bottom  of  a  box  of  old  and  forgotten 
documents,  papers  and  sundry  trifles — as  he 
informed  me — a  blue  cap  very  old  and 
shabby  and  with  ragged  edges  as  though 
part  had  been  torn  off,  was  discovered, 
and  he  further  stated  would  be  renovated 
and  restored  to  its  proper  position. 

I  hope  that  these  rambling  remarks  will 
instigate  some  of  our  antiquarian  friends 
to  further  investigations. 

RICHARD  H.  HOLME. 

Could  there  be  any  objection  to  taking 
the  word  "  maintenance  "  in  the  sense  of 
"  support  "  or  "  mount  " — coming  from 
maintenir  ?  The  cap  or  hat  of  "  main- 
tenance "  would  then  be,  originally,  the 
bonnet  of  costly  stuff  upon  which  a  crown 
or  coronet  was  supported.  Its  subsequent 
use,  by  itself,  as  a  distinction  might  be 
comparable  to  the  use  of  the  ribbon  on 
which  a  medal  is  hung  as  equivalent  to 
the  medal.  Thence  to  its  being  conferred 
separately  would  be  an  easy  development. 

E.  R. 

Schiller,  in  '  William  Tell '  (1307),  relates 
how  Gessler  set  up  the  Austrian  cap  of 
maintenance  on  a  pole,  to  which  all  the 
people  were  to  do  obeisance,  and  the  story 
centres  round  Tell's  refusal  and  his  being 
in  consequence  ordered  to  shoot  at  the 
apple  placed  on  his  son's  head.  This 
"  chapeau  of  maintenance  "  had  been 
recently  given  to  King  Albert  of  Austria 
by  the  Pope. 

Tell  having  shortly  afterwards  shot  dead 
the  Governor,  Herman  Gessler,  the  pole  was 
pulled  down,  and  the  people  wanted  to 
destroy  the  cap,  but  their  leader,  Walter 
Fiirst,  said  : — 

No  ;    preserve  it  rather. 
'Twas  late  the  instrument  of  tyranny, 
Hereafter  let  it  be  the  sign  of  Freedom  ! 
Query,     did    the     French    revolutionists 
adopt  it  for  that  reason  ? 

ROBERT  PEABSALL. 

CHALK  IN  KENT  AND  ITS  OWNERS  :  RYE, 

CORNHILL,    VlLERS,  Si.   CLAIR  (12    S.  X.    151). 

— The  recital  of  the  gifts  to  the  monks  of  Col- 
chester, according  to  the  inspeximus  charter 
of  1253  (Cal.  Charter  Rolls),  throws  a  little 
light.  Roger  de  Vilers  gave  half  an  acre 
in  Chich  (St.  Osyth)  ;  Hamo,  his  brother, 
two  parts  of  the  tithes  of  Walcra  and  all  of 


196 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [HRXM*B.II,IM». 


the  mill,  and  half  the  tithe  of  Chalcre.     Hamo  | 
de  St.  Clare  gave  Algareslawe  (Abbotsbury),  | 
in  Barley  (Herts).     William  de  St.  Clare  gave  ! 
Greenstead,  near  Colchester.      William     de 
Laumvalay  gave  the  church  of  Hammerton, 
&c.     "  Walcra  "  is    identified  in  the  index 
as   Walkern,   Herts,    so,    if   this   is   correct, 
Walchra    is    not     Chalk.     The    identity  or 
otherwise  of   the  two  Hamos  is  not   settled 
by  the  above,   as  the   gifts   may  not  have 
been    made     at     the    same     date,     and     a  j 
different    description  used    for  possibly  the 
same  donor.  R.  S.  B. 

BLUE  BEARD  (12  S.  x.  68,  113).— The 
main  theme  of  the  story  of  Blue  Beard, 
that  of  a  man  who  marries  and  murders 
a  succession  of  young  women,  and  is  himself 
killed  by  his  last  intended  victim,  is  found 
in  the  very  popular  and  widespread  ballad 
which  is  No.  4  of  Child's  great  collection  of 
'  English  and  Scottish  Ballads,'  under  the 
title  of  *  Lady  Isabel  and  the  Elf  Knight.' 
Child  collected  variants  of  it  from  almost 
every  European  country,  those  of  the 
Scandinavian  countries  being,  as  usual, 
much  more  complete  than  those  from  the 
Latin  countries. 

A  folk -tale  on  the  same  theme,  rather  more 
elaborate  and  approaching  more  nearly  to 
the  modern  Blue  Beard  story,  but  still 
without  the  Oriental  setting,  is  alluded  to 
by  Shakespeare  in  '  Much  Ado  About 
Nothing,'  I.  i. — "  Like  the  old  tale,  my 
lord,  it  is  not  so  and  it  was  not  so,  and  indeed 
God  forbid  that  it  should  be  so."  See  the 
Irving  edition  of  Shakespeare,  vol.  iv.,  p. 
228,  note  with  references.  M.  H.  DODDS. 


ADAH  ISAACS  MENKEN  (12  S.  ix.  273,  313, 
374,  477,  519;  x.  32,  79,  97,  115,  133).— 
The  statements  regarding  this  poetess  in  the 
Introduction  to  the  1888  reprint  of  her 
poems  by  an  anonymous  writer  are  not 
reliable.  MR.  FORREST  MORGAN  appears 
to  state  that  his  name  was  Edwin  James,  i 
He  asserts  that  Adah  Menken  was  born  at 
"  Chartrain  (now  Milneburg),  near  New 
Orleans."  There  is  no  such  place.  He  also 
says  her  name  was  Adelaide  McCord.  This 
is  demonstrably  false.  The  Times  obituary 
notice  (Aug.  13,  1868)  gives  the  name  as 
Dolores  Adios  Fuertes,  as  does  William 
Michael  Rossetti  in  his  '  American  Poets,'  i 
where,  by  the  way,  her  works  are  highly 
praised.  Swinburne,  who  knew  her,  also 
alludes  to  her  as  Dolores  in  a  letter  addressed 
to  Thomas  Purnell  (Swinburne,  '  Letters,'  ! 
edited  by  E.  Gosse).  All  authorities  agree 


that  she  was  born  in  or  near  to  New  Orleans, 
in  or  close  to  the  year  1840.  In  Pitt  and 
Clarke's  *  Directory  for  New  Orleans '  for 
1842  the  name  Fernando  Fuentes  occur* 
as  a  "  segar  seller  "  living  at  96,  Common 
Street.  It  is  more  likely  that  a  very  ordi- 
nary name  like  McCord  would  have  been 
invented  by  a  late  writer  anxious  to  show  an 
unsuspecting  firm  of  publishers  that  he 
possessed  new  and  valuable  information 
than  that  rare  names  like  Dolores  Fuentes. 
or  Fuertes  would  have  been  given  to  her  by 
contemporaries  if  she  had  no  claim  to  them. 
The  Times  writer  says  that  his  remarks  are- 
taken  from  a  lecture  given  by  Menken  her- 
self. It  is  usual  to  prefer  early  and  especially 
contemporary  statements  to  late  ones.  As 
New  Orleans  was  a  small  place  in  1842,  the 
mention  of  an  unusual  name  there  at  a 
given  date  is  more  remarkable  than  its  being 
found  in  the  directory  of  a  large  city. 

The  Paris  Evenement,  in  an  obituary  notice 
of  Adah  Menken,  said  (Aug.  11,  1868)  that 
Adah's  mother  married  a  Doctor  Campbell 
after  the  death  of  her  first  husband,  who  gave 
Adah  a  good  education.  Pitt  and  Clarke's 
'  Directory '  shows  that  a  Dr.  Campbell 
resided  in  New  Orleans  in  1842.  Hence 
this  remark  is  probably  true.  It  is  of 
interest  as  refuting  the  statement  in  the 
Introduction  that  Adah  Menken,  after  her 
father's  death,  was  brought  up  on  a  Cuban 
plantation,  became  a  dancer  there  and  was 
known  as  "  Queen  of  the  Plaza."  This  last 
phrase  is  a  most  insulting  one.  It  would 
mean  "  queen  of  the  street "  and  imply  that 
she  was  a  prostitute.  All  who  knew  Menken 
speak  of  her  as  highly  cultivated,  so  the 
Dr.  Campbell  statement  is  more  reliable 
than  the  other.  Among  the  persons  who 
praise  her  in  this  respect  are  Clement  Scott 
('The  Drama  of  Yesterday  and  To-day'), 
Justin  McCarthy  ( '  Portraits  of  the  Sixties  ' ) 
and  T.  A.  Brown  ('New  York  Stage'). 
Her  poems  show  she  had  an  intimate  know- 
ledge of  Hebrew  forms  of  poetry.  I  dealt 
with  this  in  a  letter  to  The  Athenaeum  for 
June  13,  1919. 

Omitting  unreliable  sources  of  knowledge 
we  next  hear  of  her  in  J.  G.  Murdoch's 
'  Reminiscences.'  Murdoch  says  she  acted 
with  him,  that  she  was  hard-working, 
ambitious,  talented  and  a  favourite  with 
the  public.  I  have  found  that  there  is  no 
truth  in  the  allegations  that  she  married 
Heenan  the  pugilist,  Barclay  and  other 
men.  I  am  preparing  a  detailed  memoir 
in  which  all  these  remarks  are  tested  from 


1-2  S.  X.  MAR.  11.  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


197 


sources  like  directories,  conteinp  raiy  mar- 


riage 


announcements     and     others    which 


cannot  lie.  I  shall  be  pleased  to  send  a 
copy  to  anyone  who  furnishes  me  with  his 
name  and  address.  The  general  tenor  of 


my  investigations  is  to  show  that  Menken  as 
was  a  good  woman  and  that  her  poems  have 
been  admired  by  all  competent  critics  who 
read  them.  Amongst  the  number  are 
William  Michael  Rossetti,  Clement  Scott, 
Charles  Knight,  Justin  McCarthy  and  T.  A. 
Brown.  J.  H.  MOORE. 

99,  Edith  Road,  Kensington,  W. 


PSEUDO -TITLES     FOB      "  DUMMY     BOOKS  " 

(12  S.  x.  129,  173).— The  current  mania  for 
inventing  these  has  resulted  in  such  clever 
examples  that  perhaps  you  will  allow  a 
few  to  be  perpetuated  in  your  pages,  such 


'  Nil  Desperandum,'  by  Percy  Vere. 

'  The  Explorer,'  by  Seymour  Land. 

'  The  Broken  Window,'  by  Eva  Stone. 

'The  Modern  Lawyer,'  by  Eliza  Lott. 

'  The  Appointment,'  by  Simeon  Munday. 

'  A  Race  against  Time,'  by  Luke  Sharpe.. 

'  Postscripts,'  by  Adeline  Moore. 
Regarding   the  inquiry  of  MB.  ANEUBIN  FAMA. 

WILLIAMS     at    the    first    reference    as    to ^ 

the  illustrations  of  Adah  Isaacs  Menken's  |  hill  still  contains  some  of  these ;  an  illustra- 
'  Infelicia,'  it  may  be  of  interest  to  your  cor-  j  tion  and  complete  list  will  be  found  in 
respondent  to  know  that  the  volume  was  Robert  Langton's  '  Childhood  and  Youth  of 
published  by  John  Camden  Hotten  in  Charles  Dickens '  (1912,  pp.  122-127).  Many 
London  in  1867.  The  poems  which  the  j  iarge  houses,  e.g.,  Oakley  Court,  near  Wind- 
volume  contains  were  arranged  for  publica-  !  sor,  contain  these  "  dummies  "  for  conceal- 
tion  and  put  through  the  press  by  John  ment  of  safes,  &c.  J.  ABDAGH. 

Thomson,    who    was     Swinburne's    private 

secretary.  An  account  of  the  publication  AVEBY  ALDWOBTH  (12  S.  ix.  449).— In 
of  this  volume  with  three  letters  by  Menken  the  registers  of  St.  Mildred  Poultry  occurs 
is  given  in  Richard  Northcott's  'Adah  the  following  marriage:  "  Jan.  8,  1630/31, 
Isaacs  Menken  (London,  1921),  pp.  39-41.  Averey  Aldworth,  gentleman,  of  St.  Martin' s- 
Regarding  the  portrait  she  says,  m  the  first  in-the-Fields,  and  Margaret  Gunning,  of 
of  the  letters  quoted  :  "  The  proofs  ot  the  Ailesford,  Co.  Kent."  Admin,  of  the  will 
portrait  you  sent  me  are  wonderfully  well  of  Andrew  Bridges  (referred  to  by  your 
engraved."  In  the  last  of  the  three  letters  I  querist)  was  granted,  first  to  Thos. 
she  says  :  "  I  am  satisfied  with  all  you  have  j  Gunning,  in  1631.  Admin,  of  Thos.  Deane, 
done  except  the  portrait ;  I  do  not  find  it  of  Reading,  Berks,  granted  d.b.n.  to 
to  be  in  character  with  the  volume  .  .  .'Margaret  Aldworth.  (P.C.C.,  1631.) 


H.  G.  HABBISON. 


the  picture  is  certainly  not  beautiful.' 
It  is  said  "  that  the  original  [newspaper] 
American  clippings  used  by  the  London  EIGHTEENTH-CENTUBY  POETBY  (12  S.  x. 
printers  are  now  in  the  possession  of  that  91,  108,  137,  176).— William  Colepeper  was 
popular  dramatist  and  ardent  playgoer  Mr.  j  baptized  at  Hollingbourne,  Kent,  Feb.  8, 
George  R.  Sims,  to  whom  they  were  pre- !  1665/6.  In  1709  he  married,  at  St.  Paul's 
\  -,  .-,  J  . r.  n^L-^^A^i  T?i;r,r>'Usvi-'u  r^n  ^(  a-*-  i\T^«4-;^.'r,  ;», 


sented  by  Andrew  Chatto,  then  associated 
with  Hotten."  Unfortunately  for  your 
inquirer  no  mention  is  made  concerning  the 
engraver  of  the  illustration. 

GEO.  WATSON  COLE. 

The  Henry  E.  Huntington  Library  and  Art 
Gallery,  San  Gabriel,  California. 

REGIMENTAL  CHAPLAINS,  H.M.  65TH  REGI- 
MENT (12  S.  x.  109).—  John  Arrow  (b.  1732; 
d.  1789);  married  Rebecca  Whitehead 
(b.  1741  ;  d.  1784);  vicar  of  Lowestoft  1773 


(see  Illustrated 


News,  Feb.  24,  1877). 


A  kinsman  of  Churchill's  friend  and  neigh- 


Cathedral,  Elizabeth  Gill,  of  St.  Martin's-in- 
the-Fields.  He  appears  to  have  been  buried 
at  Hollingbourne,  Oct.  8,  1727.  These 
dates  are  not  given  in  the  '  D.N.B.' 

H.  G.  HABBISON. 

ST.  MICHAEL'S,  GUEBNSEY  (12  S.  x.  130).— 
Warner  was  no  doubt  misled  by  Dicey,  who,, 
in  his  '  History  of  Guernsey,'  gives  the  name 
of  Rem.  de  Tombe  as  being  present  at  the 
consecration  of  this  church. 

'  La  Dedication  des  £glises  de  Pile  de 
Guernesey '  does  not  mention  his  name, 
but  gives  the  name  of  :<  Hon'ble  Sire  Peter 


hour    alluded    to    by    him    in    his    satire    of  j  Carbaret,  Cure    de    la    Chapelle    de    Monte 


'  The  Ghost,'  a  fact  not  commented  upon 
by  any  editor  of  his  works  (see  Book  II., 
1.  119;  Book  III.,  1.  210). 

JAMES  ABBOW. 


Tombe  "  as  being  present  at  the  ceremony. 

Mont  Tumba  or  Tomba  was  the  ancient 
name  of  the  rock  upon  which  the  Abbey  of" 
Mont  St.  Michel  was  built  in  the  eighth 


198 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [12  s.x.  MAR.  11,1922. 


century  by  St.  Aubert,  Bishop  of  Avranches,  j      Edmond  Tapp  left  no  sons,  and  the  name 
and  is  supposed  to  take  the  name  from  its  I  was  not  carried  on  in  New  England,   but 

tomb.  Later  his  four  daughters  all  married  men  of 
prominence  and  founded  large  and  influential 
families.  M.  RAY  SANBOBN. 


semblance     to     an     ancient 

records  call  it  *  Le  Mont  des  deux  tombeaux 

from  its  proximity  to  Tombelaine. 

Rietstap,  in  his  '  Armorial  General,' 
mentions  a  family  Des  Tombes  as  living  at 
Gueldres  Brabant,  but  their  coat  bears  no 
tombstones.  EDWARD  H.  DOBREE. 

Udney  Hall,  Teddington. 


Yale  University  Library,  New  Haven,  Conn. 


ARAB   (OB   EASTERN)   HOBSES    (12   S.   x. 


POBTRAITS    OF    COLERIDGE    AND    DlCKENS 

(12  S.  x.  148).— The  reproduction  of  the 
Alexander  portrait  of  Chailes  Dickens,  now 
in  the  Boston  Museum  of  Fine  Arts,  given 

91,  138,  154). — I  wholly  fail  to  understand,  in  my  friend  the  late  W.  Glyde  Wilkins's 
after  perusing  MR.FAIRFAX-BLAKEBOROUGH'S  j  *  Charles  Dickens  in  America,'  is  taken  from 
letter,  how  the  letter  of  1610  from  Robert  j  an  engraving  of  the  oil-painting  made  in 
Delaval  to  the  Earl  of  Northumberland  j  1842  for  James  T.  Fields. 
"  reconciles  the  dates  mentioned  by  ARAB  j  Some  time  after  the  publication  of  his 
with  the  death  of  Sir  John  Fenwick,"  or  j  book,  Mr.  Wilkins,  not  being  satisfied  with  the 
how  that  worthy  baronet  could  by  any !  engraved  copies,  obtained  Mrs.  Fields 's  per- 
possibility  have  been  stud-master  to  both  !  mission  to  have  the  painting  photographed, 
Charles  I.  and  Charles  II.,  seeing  that,  if !  and  he  gave  me  a  print  from  his  negative, 
the  '  D.N.B.'  is  to  be  relied  upon,  he  died  |  in  which  the  character  of  the  features 
in  1658,  or  two  years  before  Charles  II.  j  lacking  in  the  engravings  is  well  shown, 
came  to  the  throne.  j  I  assume  that  after  the  death,  in  1915,  of 

If  Sir  John  Fenwick — said  to  have  been  i  Mrs.  Fields  the  picture  came  into  the  posses  - 


born  in  1579 — did  not  die  in  1658,  will  MB. 
FAIBFAX-BLAKEBOBOUGH  tell  us  when  he  did 
die,  and  how  old  he  was  when  stud-master 
to  Charles  II.  ?  So  far  as  I  can  see,  the  point 


sion  of  the  Boston  Museum. 

The  Alexander  portrait  has  been  engraved 
more  than  once,  but,  judging  from  the 
photograph,  none  of  the  copies  are  quite 


raised    by    ABAB    remains    unsolved.       MB.  |  satisfactory  reproductions  of  the  original. 
FAIBFAX-BLAKEBOBOUGH'S  letter  at  the  last  j  T.    W.   TYBBELL. 

reference    certainly    affords    no    solution    of '      St.  Elmo,  Sidmouth. 
the  problem  that  I  can  discover. 

Of  course  it  may  be  that  there  was  some  j  MB.  E.  BASIL  LTJPTON  does  not  appear  to  be 
other  Sir  John  Fenwick — apart  and  distinct !  aware  of  the  note  at  p.  150  of  Dykes  Camp- 
from  the  two  whose  names  appear  in  the  j  bell's  '  Samuel  Taylor  Coleridge.'  The  por- 
'  D.N.B.' — who  was  stud-master  to  the  two  '  trait  by  Allston  now  in  the  National  Portrait 
Charles's,  otherwise  I  see  no  grounds  for  j  Gallery  was  painted  at  Bristol  in  1814  for 
any  other  hypothesis  than  that  which  I !  Josiah  Wade,  one  of  Bristol's  best  friends 
hazarded  at  the  penultimate  reference. 

WlLLOUGHBY  MAYCOCK. 
"  ONCE   ABOABD   THE    LUGGER  "     (12   S.    X. 

150). — This  is,  I  think,  from  the  late  Sir 
Francis  C.  Burnand's  burlesque  '  Black- 
Eyed  Susan,'  but  I  am  unable  to  verify 


to  Coleridge.  Allston  was  staying  in  Bristol 
at  this  time,  and  attended  three  of  Coleridge's 
lectures.  CHARLES  WELLS. 

Bristol  Times  and  Mirror  Office. 


the  reference.       JOHN  B.  WAINEWBIGHT. 


LAND    MEASTJBEMENT    TEBMS    (12    S.  x. 
48,  96,  156). — -Wylot  is  very  likely  the  same 
!  as  "  quillet,"  a  strip  in  the  ancient  common - 

BBITISH  SETTLEBS  IN  AMEBICA  (12  S.  |  field  system.  The  "  warlands "  referred 
ix.  462,  517,  521  ;  x.  57,  114,  178). — The  note  to  by  J.  T.  F.  were  lands  which,  in  Domes- 
so  kindly  supplied  by  MB.  ABTHUR  TAPP  is  day  times,  "  defended,"  or  exonerated, 
especially  interesting  as  furnishing  a  clue  to !  other  lands  from  payment  of  geld  by  having 
the  origin  of  one  of  the  first  settlers  of  their  own  assessment  increased.  In  Cheshire 
Quinnipiac,  now  New  Haven,  and  one  of  the  j  the  name  applied  to  lands  which  acquitted 
founders  of  the  neighboring  town  of  Milford.  others  of  various  obligations,  such  as  food 
He  came  a  month  later  than  most  of  the !  and  lodging  for  the  sergeants  of  the  peace 


founders  of  New  Haven,  who  sailed  from 
London  in  the  Hector  and  a  smaller  com- 
panion ship  about  the  end  of  April,  and 
arrived  at  Boston  on  June  26,  1637. 


or  of  the  forest,  which  could  only  be  exacted 
from  "  warlands  "  of  not  less  than  an  acre. 
Wara  means  defence,  protection,  ward. 

R.  S.  B. 


12  S.  X.  MAR.  11,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


199 


SAMUEL    MAUNDER    (12    S.    x.    94). — He 
was  born  in  1785  in  Devonshire,  and  died 
at  his  house  in  Islington  on  April  30,  1849. 
JAMES  SETON-ANDERSON. 

UNIDENTIFIED  ARMS  (12  S.  x.  130). — 
Will  it  assist  your  correspondent  to  know 
that  at  Ewell  there  is  a  brass  shield,  the  last  j 
remnant  of  the  brass  to  Richard  Bray  and 
wife  Joan,  1559,  upon  which  the  Bray  arms 
impale  those  of  Saunders,  the  latter  being 
Sable,  a  chevron  ermine  between  three 
bulls'  heads  cabossed,  argent  ?  In  1913 
this  shield  was  removed  from  the  ruined 
t6wer  of  the  old  church,  where  it  lay  alone, 
and  was  fixed  to  a  slab  of  stone  together 
with  an  inscription  plate  recording  the 
removal,  which  stone  was  then  fixed  to  the 
wall  of  the  new  church.  See  also  Burke's 
'  Armory '  under  *  Saunders  of  Surrey, 
Pembroke  and  Derby.' 

WALTER  E.   GAWTHORP. 

16,  Long  Acre,  W.C. 

GEZREEL'S  TOWER  (11  S.  viii.  404). — 
White's  successor,  "  Prince  "  Michael  Keyfor 
Mills,  leader  for  many  years  of  the  Gezree- 
lite  sect,  has  recently  died  at  Gillingham  aged 
65.  Since  May  last  the  building  has  been 
occupied  by  the  Gillingham  Co-operative 
Society.  J.  ARDAGH. 

AUTHORS  WANTED. — (12  S.  x.  152). — 1.  The 
French  saying  usually  quoted  in  the  form  "  Tout 
homme  a  deux  patries,"  &c.,  was  discussed  in 
L'Interm4diaire,vol.  Ixv.  (Jan.-June,  1912).  The 
passage  from  Act.  III.,  scene  ii.,  of  Henri  de 
Bornier's  '  La  Fille  de  Roland  '  (acted  in  February, 
1875),  was  given  as  follows  (Charlemagne 
loquitur)  : — 
"  Dans  le  livre  des  temps  pour  mon  regard  ou verts 

O  France  1  je  lirai  ta  gloire  ou  tes  revers  ! 

Ta  gloire  !   oh  1   puisse-t-elle,  aux  6poques  pro- 
chaines, 

Croltre  en  s'affermissant  comme   croissent  les 
chenes, 

Offrir  1'abri  superbe  et  1'ombre  de  son  front, 

Nation  maternelle,  aux  peuples  qui  naitront, 

Afln  qu'on  dise  un  jour,  selon  mon  esperance  : 

Tout  homme  a  deux  pays,  le  sien  et  puis  la 
France  ! " 

It  was  asserted  by  more  than  one  correspondent 
that  the  thought  expressed  by  Bornier  was  origi- 
nated by  President  Jefferson.  No  authority, 
however,  was  given  for  this  statement.  One 
contributor,  after  pointing  out  that  Jefferson 
succeded  Franklin  as  Minister  Plenipotentiary 
in  France,  wrote  : — • 

"  On  ne  saurait  guere  dire  dans  quelle  circon- 
stance  il  emit  son  celebre  aphorisme,  car  il 
aimait  a  le  renter  a  tout  propos." 

One  would  like  to  have  a  reference  for  at  least 
one  of  these  occasions.  EDWARD  BENSLY. 


J?ote£  on 

The  General  Eyre.  Lectures  delivered  in  the 
University  of  London  by  William  Craddock 
Bolland.  (Cambridge  University  Press.  6s. 
net.) 

REMEMBERING  Mr.  Bolland' s  recent  lectures  on 
the  Year  Books  we  opened  his  new  volume 
with  no  little  pleasure,  and  now,  having  our- 
selves greatly  enjoyed  it,  recommend  it  heartily 
not  only  to  students  of  law  and  history,  but  also 
to  students  of  literature.  The  former,  indeed, 
may  well  consider  themselves  obliged  to  make 
acquaintance  with  this  study,  for  it  presents  the 
pith  of  much  unpublished  material,  of  the  highest 
interest,  brought  to  light  by  Mr.  Bolland' s  re- 
searches. 

The  importance  of  the  Eyres  in  medieval 
history  needs,  of  course,  no  pointing  out.  Their 
full  significance  can  hardly  be  seen  without  a" 
clear  understanding  of  the  working  of  the  or- 
dinary courts.  Mr.  Bolland,  therefore,  supplies 
first  a  delightful  and  vivid  picture  of  the  assembly 
of  the  freeholders  at  the  county  court  held  by 
the  Sheriff,  sketching  the  competence  of  that 
court,  as  also  of  the  hundred  and  manor  courts, 
and  outlining  the  procedure.  Then,  upon  this 
background,  he  draws  out  for  us  the  intrusive 
and  terrible  action  of  the  Commission  of  the  King's 
itinerant  Justices,  whose  powers  were  in  effect 
royal  and  superseded  all  other  jurisdiction.  So 
deeply  did  men  hate  these  courts  and  such  con- 
fusion and  suffering  did  they  cause  that  an  Eyre 
could  be  held  in  the  same  locality  only  once  in 
seven  years.  Twelve  men  from  every  hundred 
and  a  reeve  and  four  men  from  every  town  within 
the  county  were  summoned  under  severe  penalties 
to  the  Eyre,  where  also  the  county  court 
was  compelled  to  give  attendance.  The  Justices 
in  Eyre  had  before  them  particulars  of  all  cases 
and  causes  requiring  investigation  down  to  the 
remotest  detail  of  each.  They  could  enforce 
the  most  rigorous  exactness  and  fullness  in  all 
reports  ;  and  the  closest  compliance  with  the 
most  preposterous  demands — for  the  execution  of 
which  often  an  impossibly  brief  time  was 
allowed.  The  penalty  for  failure,  voluntary  or 
involuntary,  was  of  a  harshness  wellnigh  incre- 
dible ;  the  ejection  of  a  family  from  its  home 
might  follow  what  was  rather  a  mistake  or  mis- 
fortune than  an  offence.  The  theory  of  the  Eyres, 
according  to  official  proclamations,  was  paternally 
benevolent :  the  vast  discrepancy  between 
theory  and  practice  is,  however,  not  difficult 
to  account  for.  The  Justices  in  Eyre  had  for 
their  real  task  the  collecting  of  money  for  the 
King.  Pretexts  for  fines,  pretexts  for  seizure 
of  men's  lands  and  goods,  were  the  true  objects 
of  their  searching  inquiry  into  the  rights  and 
wrongs  of  great  and  small.  They  descended 
upon  the  terrified  and  afflicted  county  like  a 
press  to  wring  wealth  out  of  it ;  and  the  two 
centuries  during  which  this  institution  flourished 
must,  at  these  recurrent  visitations,  have  been 
little  less  fruitful  in  misery  than  the  administration 
of  a  Verres. 

All  this  is  best  understood  by  a  consideration  of 
definite  instances,  and  by  having  in  the  imagina- 
tion some  view  of  the  actual  scenes  and  pro- 
ceedings. Mr.  Bolland  supplies  these  admirably, 


200 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [12  s.x.  MAK.H.UM. 


making  this  long-past  oppression  as  vivid  to  us 
as  an  event  of  yesterday  related  in  the  newspaper. 
The  more  technical  aspects  of  the  subject  gain 
greatly  by  this — for  example,  the  explanations 
of  the  deodand,  of  sanctuary,  and  of  the  proof 
of  Englishry ;  the  survey  of  the  position  and 
duties  of  the  Sheriff;  the  account  of  the 
functions  of  the  unfortunate  dozens,  and  that  of 
the  relation  of  these  roving  Commissions  to  the 
private  jurisdictions  of  the  lords  of  land. 

On  Bills  of  Eyre  Mr.  Bolland  gives  us  some  most 
interesting  pages,  in  which  the  threatening  and 
thunder  of  the  Court  are  somewhat  mitigated. 
It  is  pleasant  that  he  should  have  invented  this 
name,  and  then  found  that  it  was  the  very  name 
by  which  medieval  lawyers  knew  them. 

Outside  the  scope  of  these  lectures  are  wider 
fields  of  study  connected  with  the  Eyres  which 
do  not,  perhaps,  compare  in  profound  human 
interest  with  this  of  their  actual  functioning,  but 
are  important  as  setting  them  in  their  place 
in  the  history  of  the  development  of  administra- 
tion in  Europe.  Such  are  their  relation  to  similar 
commissions  of  itinerant  justices  on  the  Con- 
tinent, and  their  relation  to  other  methods  of 
providing  revenue  for  the  Government.  For 
any  work  on  these  and  like  subjects,  which  Mr. 
Bolland  has  very  reasonably  not  touched  on,  these 
lectures  form  an  excellent  introduction. 

The  Eyres  disappear  in  the  first  half  of  Edward 
III.'s  reign,  their  judicial  functions  being 
taken  over  mainly  by  the  Justices  of  Assize. 

A  Volume  of  Oriental  Studies.  Presented  to 
Professor  Edward  G.  Browne  on  his  60th 
Birthday.  Edited  by  T.  W.  Arnold  and  Reynold 
A.  Nicholson.  (Cambridge  University  Press.) 
ORIENTAL  studies  have  made  great  progress 
during  the  last  generation.  The  culture  of  Islam 
has  always  fascinated  some  small  number  of 
minds  in  the  West ;  its  literature  and  art  have 
been  explored  by  the  curious  ;  its  ethos  savoured 
by  the  hardier  and  more  adventurous  students. 
But  the  rather  sporadic  interest  of  old  days 
has  long  since  developed  into  systematic  study, 
and  this  again  into  the  formation  of  a  body  of 
learning,  ripe  now  for  utilization  among  lovers 
of  learning  in  general. 

To  no  single  scholar  of  our  own  day  can  more  of 
this  last  advance  be  imputed  than  to  the  Pro- 
fessor of  Arabic  at  Cambridge.  To  knowledge 
he  adds  enthusiasm  and  to  enthusiasm,  the  power 
of  directing  and  inspiring  other  minds  to  a  singular 
degree.  The  peculiarly  graceful  tribute  of  a 
collection  of  essays  by  distinguished  fellow- 
workers  in  his  own  subject  is  thus  most  appro- 
priately offered  to  him,  and  the  response  to  the 
suggestion  has  come  from  a  very  wide  circle. 
The  forty-three  papers  composing  the  book  were 
contributed  by  Orientalists  of  no  fewer  .than 
eleven  nationalities.  We  believe  this  to  be 
the  first  English  work  since  the  war  in  which 
German  savants  have  collaborated. 

The  topics  dealt  with  present  an  abundant 
variety — lexicography  and  bibliography  ;  exegesis 
and  grammar  ;  the  relations  between  Christianity 
and  Islam  ;  ethical  and  religious  conceptions  in 
Islam  and  in  Zoi  oastrianism  ;  accounts  of 
Arabic  and  Persian  MSS.  ;  folk-lore  and  survivals 
of  ancient  customs  and  ideas  ;  literary  criticism  ; 
architecture ;  genealogy  ;  the  discussion  of 


historical  problems — these  by  no  means  exhaust 
the  aspects  under  which  Oriental  thought,  life 
and  art  are  here  presented. 

For  more  definite  indication  of  the  diversity 
in  the  contents  of  this  rich  collection  of  treasure 
we  may  mention  Dr.  Palacios  Asin's  '  Influencias 
evangelicas  en  la  Literatura  religiosa  del 
Islam '  ;  Dr.  E.  Edwards's  list  of  rare  and 
important  Arabic  and  Persian  MSS.  from  the 
collections  of  Hajjl  'Abdu'J-MajId  Belshah  ;  Dr. 
Carra  de  Vaux's  '  Notice  sur  un  Calendrier  Turc  '  ; 
Dr.  Horten's  '  Die  Entwicklungsfahigkeit  des 
Islam  auf  ethischem  Gebiete '  ;  Dr.  Jackson's 
'  Visit  to  the  Tomb  of  Baba  Tahir  at  Hamadan' 
and  Dr.  Margoliouth's  '  The  Sense  of  the  Title 
Khalifah.'  Dr.  Muhammad  Shafi  of  Lahore 
contributes  '  A  Description  of  the  Two  Sanctu- 
aries of  Islam,'  by  Ibn  ' Abd  Rabbihi.  Dr.  Nallirio 
discusses  '  Tracce  di  opere  greche  giunte  agli 
Arabi  per  trafila  Pehlevica.'  Mr.  Nicholson's 
contribution  is  an  essay  on  Pir  Jamal  illuminated 
by  several  of  those  graceful  translations  which  he 
has  taught  admirers  of  his  work  to  expect  from 
him.  

CASANOVA. 

WE  are  glad  to  call  our  readers'  attention  to  the 
appearance  of  the  new  centenary  edition  of  the 
'  Memoires  de  Jacques  Casanova  de  Seingalt  ' 
of  which  the  first  volume  was  published  on 
March  1.  It  is  a  reproduction  of  the  editio 
princeps  of  1826-1838 — the  text  of  Laforgue — 
to  which  are  added  the  variants  in  the  von 
Schutz  (1822-1828)  and  Rozez  (1860)  editions. 
It  contains  introductions,  notes,  both  critical 
and  historical,  unpublished  papers  from  the 
MSS.  of  Casanova  and  numerous  illustrations. 
M.  Raoul  Veze  is  the  editor  ;  and  he  here  draws 
together  the  work  of  numerous  collaborators, 
among  them  our  valued  contributors  Mr.  Horace 
Bleackley,  Dr.  Tage  Bull  and  Mr.  Francis  Steuart. 

Casanovists  among  our  readers  will  hardly 
need  to  be  told  that  to  Mr.  Bleackley  in  particular 
the  new  edition  acknowledges  great  indebtedness. 

It  is  proposed  to  issue  the  whole  in  twelve 
volumes,  of  which  from  four  to  six  will  appear 
each  year.  Particulars  may  be  obtained  from 
La  Sirene,  29,  Boulevard  Malesherbes,  Paris  (8e). 


ENGLISH  ARMY  SLANG  AS  USED  IN  THE  GREAT 
WAR. — We  propose  to  insert  three  or  four 
new  lists  of  words  in  our  number  for  March  18. 
They  are  chiefly  from  India  and  the  East. 

CORRIGENDUM. 

At  ante,  p.  163,  col.  ii.,  last  line  but  one  of  second 
paragraph,  for  "  Carmichael  "  read  Macmichael. 


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201 


LONDON.  MARCH  18,  1922. 


CONTENTS. — No.   205. 

NOTES  .-—English  Army  Slang  as  used  in  the  Great  War,  201— 
Principal  London  Coffee-houses  and  Taverns  in  the  Eigh- 
teenth Century.  202— The  Montfort  Families,  204 — Fever 
in  the  West  Indies  :  Early  Nineteenth  Century,  206 — The 
Steam  Packet'  Hotel,  Lower  Thames  Street — The  Social 
Eighteenth  Centaiy,  207 — Cumulative  Stories,  208. 

QUERIES  :— Order  of  St.  Michael  and  St.  George — Eighteenth- 
century  Etonians — A  Portrait  of  Mme.  Cornelys— A  Gun- 
powder Plot  in  1615,  208— Herebertus  de  Middlesex — 
"  Dowle  "—Barrel  Organs  in  Churches— Thomas  Scot, 
Mayor  of  Dover  1690—'  Historia  Oppidi  Hatfleldiensis ' — 
Brighton  :  "  The  Chalybeate,"  Mrs  Bushman's  School  — 
Graham  of  Mackinston— Williams :  Shaw,  209— A  Lady 
in  Waiting  to  Queen  Adelaide— Pirated  Barrie— 
Heraldry :  Yatton  Church,  Somerset— Portrait  of  Stephen 
Theodore  Janssen— Early  Victorian  Literature — Heraldic  : 
Arms  of  Mill  Hill  School— George  Graham  Blackwell— 
Authors  wanted— Song  wanted,  210. 

REPLIES  : — General  Clement  Edwards,  211 — Tercentenary 
Handlist  of  Newspapers,  213— Oxfordshire  Masons — Col. 
Montr6sor  of  Belmont — Josuah  Sylvester  and  Southampton, 
214— Refusal  to  kotow— Portraits  by  Van  Dyck— Office  of 
Mayor :  Place  of  Worship,  215— The  "  Hand  and  Pen  "— 
"  Sowmoys  " — Pseudo-titles  for  "  Dummy  "  Books — 
Pilate's  Wife.  216— Pictures  in  the  Hermitage  at  Petrograd— 
Nigger  Minstrelsy.  217— Ewen  :  Coat  of  Arms.  218— Cadby— 
American  Humorists :  Capt.  G.  H.  Derby — Colonel  Gordon, 
R.E.,  in  the  Crimea — English  Writers — Savery  Family  Book- 
plates—" Time  with  a  gift  of  tears,"  219. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  : — '  An  Introduction  to  Ecclesiastical 
Latin' — Archaeologia  Aeliana—The  Print-Collector's  Quar- 
terly. 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


ENGLISH  ARMY  SLANG  AS  USED 
IN  THE  GREAT  WAR. 

(See  12  S.  ix.  341,  378,  383,  415,  423,  455, 

465,499,502,538;  12S.  x.  7.) 
EFFECT  OF  THE  WAR  ON  INDIAN 

LANGUAGES. 

THE  war  is  going  to  affect  the  languages 
of  India  to  an  extent  that  is  not  at  present 
recognized,  through  the  return  to  their 
homes,  often  in  very  remote  regions,  of 
soldiers  used  by  the  British  Government 
in  many  parts  of  the  West.  Corruptions 
of  English,  French  and  other  European 
languages  are  likely  to  find  their  way  into 
the  speech  of  many  remote  peoples  in 
forms  that  will  puzzle  philologists  of  the 
future  unless  brought  to  notice  now. 

As  an  old  Gurkha  (should  be  Gorkha) 
officer,  I  have  been  especially  interested  in 
specimens  of  the  Nepali  language  now 
being  published  by  Mr.  R.  L.  Turner  in  The 
Indian  Antiquary,  as  he  gives  story  after 


story  and  song  after  song,  arising  out  of 
the  war,  in  the  actual  language  of  the 
tellers.  Such  stories  and  songs  have  a  long 
life  in  the  tenacious  memories  of  the  Indian 
folk  everywhere,  and  no  doubt  long  after  the 
present  generation  of  soldiers  who  have 
served  in  the  Great  War  has  passed  away, 
they  will  still  be  told  and  sung  literatim  et 
verbatim  in  many  a  secluded  Indian  village. 
And  no  villages  can  be  more  remote  and 
secluded  than  those  of  the  Himalayan  high- 
lands whence  the  Gurkhas  come,  and 
whither  they  return  on  the  conclusion  of 
their  military  service. 

In  the  forthcoming  April  issue  of  The 
Indian  Antiquary  will  appear  an  instalment 
of  Mr.  Turner's  researches,  and  it  Will  include 
a  *  Song  of  France,  1914-1915,'  sung  by  a 
soldier  of  the  Third  Gurkha  Regiment,  of 
which  the  First-Third  and  the  Second- 
Third  Battalions  served  in  France  and 
Egypt.  This  song  is  filled  with  English 
words  occurring  in  most  of  the  lines.  From 
it  I  have  picked  out  the  following  specimens 
of  English  in  Nepali  (Gorkhali)  form,  some 
of  them  of  course  used  in  the  inflexions  of 
the  language. 

ANGBEJI.     English.     This  is  an  old  corruption. 
ATEK.     Attack.     ATEKAI.     Attacks. 
BILJAM.     ^Belgium. 
BIBAI.     Beer.     The  singer  says  that  the  beers  of 

France    (Phransi     ka     birai)      cooled     their 

bodies  ! 
Bisi.     V.C.     (Kulbir  Thapa  le  payoni  bisi  ghaile 

liaunda  man  :   Kulbir  Thapa  won  the  V.C. 

by  bringing  in  wounded.) 
DISHAMBAB.      December.      DISHAMBAB     MAINA. 

Month  of  December. 
JARMAN,  JABMANI.     German,  Germany. 
LESTABI  (THE).     Leicester  (Regiment).     LESTABI 

GOBA.     White  man  of  the  Leicesters. 
MABCHA.      March.      MABCHA     KA     MAINA.     The 

month  of  March. 
MABSAL.     Marseilles. 
MASINGAN.     Machine  gun. 
NYUSEPAL.     Neuve-Chapelle. 
PAI/TAN.     Battalion  (pre-war). 
PATBOLAI.     Patrols. 
PHAIBA.     (Gun)fire.     TOPAI  KO  PHAIBA.     Fire  of 

the  guns. 
PHABST  TABD.  First-Third,  i.e.,  First  Battalion 

of  the  Third  Gurkhas  (pre-war). 
PHBANSI.    France,    French.     This    is    new  :  the 

time-honoured    corruption    is    Farangi,  Fer- 

inghee. 

SEKSIN.     Section  of  a  company  (pre-war). 
SIKIN  TABD.     Second-Third  Gurkhas  (pre-war). 

The  safest  rule  to  follow  in  pronouncin  * 
the  romanized  Nepali  words  is  to  pronounce 
the  vowels  as  in  Italian  :  ai  being  pronounced 
as  in  aisle.  R.  C.  TEMPLE. 

So  far,  among  the  lists  of  Army  slang  used 
in  the  Great  War,  the  words  for  which  the 


202 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [12  s.x.  MA*,  is,  1922. 


campaign  in  Mesopotamia  was  mainly 
responsible  have  not  appeared.  The  Irtdian 
Antiquary  of  1918  (vol.  xlvii.,  pp.  196,  244) 
recorded  the  following,  culled  from  the 
articles  of  Mr.  Edmund  Candler,  war 
correspondent,  in  The  Daily  Telegraph  and 
Observer,  giving  the  Arabic  or  other  origin 
in  each  case  : — 

ANTIKA.     Any  antique. 

BBLLUM  (Ar.).     A  canoe-shaped  boat. 

BELL-BELLUM.     Any  kind  of  river  boat. 

DAMFUL.     To  deceive. 

FINISH.     To  finish ;  end  ;  be  done  for. 

GUFAR  (Ar.).     A  river  tub. 

IMSHI  (Ar.).     Go ;  get  out. 

KELLER  (Ar.).     A  large  skin  raft. 

KUNTRACHI  (F.  and  Turki).     A  contractor. 

MAHAILA  (Ar.).     A  large  river  sailing  boat. 

MAKOO.     None ;  not  to  be  had ;  out  of  stock. 

MARIONETTE.     The  minaret  of  a  mosque. 

SATARONBIL,  TERUMBIL.   An  automobile ;  motor. 

SHAMUN  DAFAR  (F.).     A  railway. 

L.  M.  ANSTEY. 

BISCUITS.  Small,  square,  very  hard  mattresses, 
2ft.  6in.  square,  three  to  one  bed. 

BOLO.  A  derisive  nickname  which  came  into 
use  when  Bolo  Pasha  was  being  tried  for 
espionage  or  something  in  France.  Also 
used  to  denote  spies  or  the  "  Hidden  Hand," 
but  soon  died  out.  (pp.  343,  378,  459,  499,  502.) 

BOMBARDIER  FRITZ.  Pommes  de  terre  frites — a 
favourite  estaminet  dish  (see  Punch  some 
time  in  1916). 

CAT- WALK.  Pathway  paved  with  bricks  (one 
brick,  or  9in.,  wide)  between  fields  on  a 
Belgian  farm. 

CLOBBER.     Old  Army  for   equipment,     (p.    384.) 

DUCKBOARD.  Originally  "  corduroy."  Possibly 
"  duck  "  board  was  derived  from  the  Flanders 
winter  weather,  which  was  "  fine  weather 
for  the  ducks."  They  say  men  who  survived 
the  1914-15  winter  can  always  be  recognized 
as  they  have  webbed  feet.  (p.  384.) 

DUSTY.  Usually  the  nickname  for  Miller,  not 
Smith.  Why  should  Clarke  always  be 
"  Nobby  "  and  Wilson  "  Tug  "  ?  (p.  424.) 

EYEWASH.  Camouflage.  "Blarney"  is  rather 
inadequate.  "  Eyewash  parade  "  is  a  G.O.C.'s 
inspection  or  similar  affair.  To  clean  a 
dirty  camp  with  whitewash  (a  la  Guards) 


instead   of   elbow   grease   (infantry   style)    is 
"  eyewash."     (p.  346.) 

GLASSHOUSE  (THE)  is  the  Aldershot  Command 
Military  Prison  at  Woking.  (pp.  346,  384.) 

GORBLIMEY.  The  first  soft  caps  issued  in  1914 
without  a  wire.  These  had  no  waterproof 
lining,  but  had  a  broad  cloth  chin-strap 
attachment  (to  cover  the  ears  and  back  of  the 
neck),  which  folded  over  the  crown  of  the  cap 
when  not  in  use.  The  name  was  well  deserved. 
Later  applied  to  any  soft  cap  with  no  wire. 
(At  p.  425  mistakenly  "  Gorbling.") 

HATE  (MORNING  AND  EVENING).  Originated  with 
Frank  Reynolds's  (?)  priceless  cartoon  in 
Punch,  '  Study  of  a  Prussian  Family  indulging 
in  their  Morning  Hate.'  (p.  384.) 

JOYBAG.  A  sandbag,  containing  souvenirs, 
rations  or  "  winnings,"  carried  over  and  above 
one's  regulation  equipment. 

LOUSE  (TO).  To  clean  or  wash.  Usually  to  take 
a  bath  in  difficulties  and  half  a  mess-tinful  of 
water. 

MUCKIN.  Old  Army  for  butter.  Hindustani, 
"  Makhan."  (p.  347.) 

MUTTON  LANCERS.  Another  name  for  the 
Queen's  B.W.  Surreys  (who,  I  believe,  are 
"  Kirke's  Lambs  "  of  Charles  II. 's  time), 
(pp.  363,  459.) 

NAPOOH.  The  best  derivation  is  given  in  one  of 
(1  think)  "  Sapper's  "  books.  It  goes  some- 
thing like  this  : — • 

(i.)  II  n'y  en  a  plus  :  French  phrase  signifying 
complete  absence  of.  Largely  heard  in 
estaminets  about  closing  time, 
(ii.)  Naploo  :  Original  pure  English  phrase, 
signifying  "  The  perisher  has  run  out  of 
beer." 

(iii.)  Napooh  :  Vulgarized  version  of  old  Eng- 
lish phrase= finished,  &c.,  &c.     (p.  347.) 

QUIFF.  Trick  or  local  reading  of  the  drill  book. 
Where  the  book  is  vague  (nothing  unusual), 
different  units  read  various  meanings  into  it 
and  so  invent  their  own  "  quiffs."  (p.  425.) 

SWORD  is  not  a  slang  word  for  bayonet. 
Evidently  your  correspondent  is  a  "  ruddy 
Fusilier."  Rifle  regiments  always  speak  of 
swords  and  use  the  command  "  Fix  swords  !  " 
&c.,  never  "  Fix  bayonets  !  "  Originally 
they  were  armed  with  swords,  though 
whether  these  could  be  fixed  on  to  the  rifle 
I  do  not  know — probably  not.  (p.  384.) 

E.  B.  H. 


PRINCIPAL  LONDON  COFFEE-HOUSES,   TAVERNS,  AND   INNS   IN  THE 

EIGHTEENTH   CENTURY. 
(See  12  S.  vi.  and  vii.  passim;  ix.  85,  105,  143,  186,  226,  286,  306,  385,  426,  504,  525; 

x.  26,  66,  102,  164.) 

(An  asterisk  denotes  that  the  house  still  exists  as  a  tavern,  inn  or  public-house 
— in  many  cases  rebuilt.) 

White  Lion..          ..     White  Chappel 1744     General  Advertiser,  April  9. 

White  Lion..          ..     Aldersgate  Street,  west  side      ..      1745     Rocque's  '  Survey.' 
White  Lion. .          . .      Heinmings  Bow,  Strand,  Charing      —       Sadler's  '  Masonic  Facts  and  Fictions,' 
Cross  end  1887,  p.   57. 

—       Midd.  and  Herts  Notes  and  Queries, 
1898,  iv.  128. 

White  Lion..          ..     Brooks  Street 1789     'Life's       Painter       of       Variegated 

Characters.' 


12  S.  X.  MAR.  18,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


203 


White  Lion . .  Islington 


White  Lion .  .  .  .      Putney 

White  Swan  ..      Whitechapel,  south  side,  between 

the   "  White  Hart  "   and  the 

"  Talbot  " 
White  Swan  .  .     Strand 

Whitworth's             ..     Dowgate  Hill 
Widdon's                  . .      Ave  Maria  Lane 
Widow's,  The                  Devereux  Court,  Strand 
Widow  Eland's        .  .      Catherine  Wheel  Alley,  White- 
chapel,  north  side  and  east  of 
the  "  Nag's  Head  " 
Williams       . .          . .      St.  James's          


Will's  . .          . .     King  Street,  Guildhall 

Will's  ..          ..     Cornhill 

Will's  ..  ..  "At  the  corner  of  Scotland 

Yard,  over  against  the  Ad- 
miralty Office,  near  Charing 
Cross 

Will's  . .          . .      Serle  Street,  Lincoln's  Inn  Gate 


Will's  . .          . .     Piccadilly 

Willis'  . .          . .      Great  Earle  Street,  Soho 

Windmill      . .          . .      Rosemary  Lane  . 

Windmill      ..          ..     Westminster,  Peter  Street,  north 

side 
Windmill      ..          ..      Armoury  Lane    .. 

*Windmill  . .  . .  By  Hick's  Hall,  Clerkenwell, 
above  the  "  Swan  and  Two 
Necks  " 


Windmill      . .          . .      Shoe  Lane,  east  side,  near  Hoi- 
born  Hill 
Wood's         . .          . .      The  Herb  Market,  Leadenhall 


Wood's  Hotel          . .     Covent  Garden 


1716     '  Drunken  Barnaby's  Four  Journeys 

to  the  North  of  England,'  p.  55. 
1780     Public  Advertiser,  Jan.  6. 
—       Pink's      '  History     of      Clerkenwell/ 

1881,  p.  552. 
Kept  by  Mrs.  Barren. 

1765     Simpson's  '  Suburban  Taverns/  p.  46. 
1745     Rocque's  '  Survey/ 


1732 
1720 

1744 
1719 


1715 

1729 
1714 

1733 
1780 
1727 


1757 
1765 


1780 
1720 
1774 
1754 

1708 
1754 
1677 

1708 
1732 

1745 
1708 

1711 


1780 
1784 


1755 


Woodman    . .  . .  Highgate,  Archway  Road 

Woolpack     . .  . .  Langley  Street,  Long  Acre 

World's  End.  .,  Spring  Garden,  Knightsbridge 

World's  End  . .  Near  Milman  Street,  Chelsea   . . 

Wrestlers      . .  .  .  Bishopsgate  Street  Within 

*Wrestlers   ..  ..  Highgate              — 


'  Parish  Clerks'  Remarks  of  London/ 

p.   392. 

Daily  Post,  Dec.  29. 
'  N.  &  Q./  July  31,  1920,  p.  97. 
General  Advertiser,  April  5. 
Mist's  Weekly  Journal  or  Saturday 

Post,  June  13. 

Portland   MSS.,   Harley  Papers,  iii. 

513. 

Ditto.,  iv.  23. 
'  London     Topographical      Record,* 

1907,  iv.  91. 
Daily  Post,  Jan.  2. 
Public  Advertiser,  Jan.  5. 
Daily  Post,  March  24. 


London  Chronicle,  May  5. 
Nightingale's  '  Beauties  of  England 

and  Wales,'  1'815,  vol.  x.,  part  iii., 

p.  203. 

Public  Advertiser,  Jan.  19. 
Daily  Courant,  Oct.  3. 
Hickey,  i.  310. 
Heiron's      '  Ancient     Freemasonry/ 

1921. 
'  A  New  View  of  London,'  i.  91. 

Heiron's      '  Ancient     Freemasonry, 

1921. 
Ogilvy  and  Morgan's  '  London  Sur- 

vey'd.' 

'  A  New  View  of  London,'  i.  91". 
'  Parish  Clerks'  Remarks  of  London/ 

p.  385. 

Rocque's  '  Survey.' 
'  A  New  View  of  London/  i.  91. 

Post  Boy,  Feb.  24.  Proposals  for 
.the  Joynt  Adventure  in  the 
£1,500, 000  Lottery. 

Public  Advertiser,  Sept  27. 

Simpson's  '  London  Taverns  and 
Masonry/  p.  36.  The  rallying 
place,  Lord  Hood  and  Sir  CecS 
Wray  in  the  Westminster  Election 
of  1784. 

Thornbury,  v.  395. 

Lane's  '  Handy  Book/  p.  190. 

Congreve's  '  Love  for  Love/ 

Thornbury,  v.  21. 

Thornbury,  v.  85,  87. 

Gomme's  G.M.L.,  part  xxi.,  p.  150. 

Shelley's  '  Inns/  p.  47. 

Hampstead  and  Highgate  Express, 
July  9,  1921,  p.  7.  • 

Demolished     during     1921,    a 
tavern  to  be  erected  on  its  site. 

Thornbury,  v.  418. 


204 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [  12  S.X.MAK.  18,1022. 


York 


St.  James'  Street,  upper  end 


1777     Public  Advertiser,  June  12. 

1777  Morning  Post,  June  21.  "To  the 
Nobility  and  Gentry.  Money 
ready  to  be  advanced  on  annuities 
or  personal  securities.  Nothing 
less  than  £500  will  be  taken  any 
notice  of.  Letters  to  be  directed 
to  B.  B.,  at  York  Coffee  House,  St. 
James'  Street.  Honour  and 
secrecy  may  be  depended  on." 

1793  "  Chiefly  used  by  the  most  respect- 
able merchants  and  inhabitants  at 
the  west  end  of  the  town." — Roach. 

York  . .  . .  New  Bridge  Street  . .  . .  1793  "A  spacious  building  with  noble 

apartments  :  the  coffee-room  it- 
«  self  the  most  elegant  perhaps  in 
England.  The  house  is  famous 
for  its  giblet  soup  of  the  finest 
quality,  and  the  bar  is  ornamented 
by  one  of  the  mildest,  modestest, 
prettiest,  best  dressed  and  most 
obliging  barmaids  in  the  world." — 
Roach. 

In  concluding  this  list  of  over  1,500  names,  I  desire  to  express  my  gratitude  for  the  generous 
and  unsolicited  assistance  1  have  received  from  Mr.  W.  B.  Hextall  of  the  Inner  Temple. 
To  Mrs.  A.  J.  Finberg,  to  Mr.  E.  E.  Newton  and  to  Mr.  Andrew  Oliver  I  am  also  indebted  for 
kind  help.  J.  PAUI,  DE  CASTBO. 

Essex  Court,   Temple. 


THE  MONTFORT  FAMILIES. 
ALTHOUGH  there  are  a  large  number  of 
families  in  England  having  such  surnames 
as  Montfort,  Montford,  Mountford,  Mumford, 
&c.,  there  are  few,  if  any,  that  can  with 
certainty  trace  their  descent  from  either  of 
the  two  great  Montfort  families,  i.e., 
Montfort-l'Amaury  and  Montfort-sur-Risle. 
Sir  Simon  de  Montfort,  Earl  of  Leicester, 
has  loomed  so  large  in  the  public  eye  that 
many  of  the  English  Montforts  who  have 
not  studied  genealogy  have  taken  it  for 
granted  that,  in  some  way  or  other,  they 
must  be  descended  from  him.  For  the 
assistance  of  those  who  are  interested  in 
the  matter  it  may  be  well  to  state  the  facts 
as  nearly  as  they  are  known. 

Bardsley,  in  his  '  Dictionary  of  English 
and  Welsh  Surnames,'  states  that  the  sur- 
names Mountford,  Montford  and  Mount- 
fort  are  of  local  origin,  and  mentions  two 
places  in  Normandy  called  Montfort,  one 
situated  near  Argentan  and  the  other 
near  Pont-Audemer.  He  also  refers  to 
the  parish  of  Montford,  five  miles  from 
Shrewsbury,  as  a  locality  which  may  have 
given  rise  to  the  surname.  This  latter 
supposition  seems  plausible,  especially  as 
the  surname  is  most  common  in  the  counties 
of  Warwickshire,  Shropshire  and  Stafford- 
shire. 

Harrison,  in  his  '  Surnames  of  the  United 
Kingdom,'    also    regards    it    as    local    and 


remarks,    "  There    is    a    Montfort-sur-Risle 
in  the  Eure  Dept.  of  France." 

It  is  advisable  to  first  consider  the  question 
as  regards  the  village  of  Montford  in  Shrop- 
shire. The  general  adoption  of  surnames 
in  England  began  about  1250  and  was 
fairly  complete  in  1450.  A  transcription 
of  the  registers  of  Montford  has  been  made 
by  the  Rev.  J.  E.  Auden,  and  he  quotes 
a  document  dated  1241  in  which  it  is  stated 
that  "  the  bridge  of  Moneford  beyond 
Shrewsbury  "  was  the  appointed  place  for 
the  meeting  of  David  and  Henry  III.'s  Com- 
missioners. Other  documents  also  show 
that  during  the  time  surnames  were  being 
adopted  in  England,  the  parish  was  not 
called  Montford.  Indeed  the  name  of  this 
parish  has  undergone  several  changes, 
which  point  to  the  fact  that  it  was  the  sur- 
name Montfort  that  gave  the  parish  its 
present  name,  and  not  that  the  name  of 
the  parish  originated  the  surname.  A  few 
abstracts  from  the  registers  themselves 
will  indicate  this  : — 

27  June  1613.  Roger  Campion,  of  Monford, 
&  Dorothy  ap  John,  of  Uppington,  at  Alberburie 
.  .  .  mar. 

May  1741.  Memorandum.  In  the  beginning 
of  this  month  His  Majesty  was  pleased  to  create 
Henry  Bromley,  Esqr.,  Lord  of  this  Manner,  a 
Peer  of  Great  Britain,  by  the  stile  &  Title  of 
Lord  Montfort,  Baron  of  Horseheath  in  the  County 
of  Cambridge  ;  and  my  Lord  at  that  time  by 
word  of  Mouth,  gave  me  Orders  to  alter  the 


ax. MAE.  18.1.2*.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


205 


Name  of  the  Parish  in  this  Register  according  to 
his  Title. 

16  Jan.  1742.  Humphrey,  s.  of  Rowland  & 
Eliz.  Morris,  of  Montfort  Bridge  (b.  4th)  ;  Henry 
Hanmer,  Rich.  Illedge,  Sarah  Gittins,  sureties 
.  .  .  bap. 

10  June  1799.  Elizabeth  Roberts,  Montford 
Bridge,  aged  54  ...  bur. 

That  the  name  of  the  village  of  Montford 
is  responsible  for  any  of  the  surnames  in 
Shropshire  or  Staffordshire  is  very  un- 
likely. 

As  regards  the  Montfort  in  Normandy, 
near  Argentan,  mentioned  by  Bardsley, 
there  does  not  seem  to  be  any  evidence 
that  any  families  taking  their  surnames 
from  this  place  ever  settled  in  England. 

The  family  to  which  Sir  Simon  de  Mont- 
fort belonged  took  its  surname  from 
Montfort-l'Amaury,  near  Versailles.  Simon 
was  born  about  the  year  1208,  and  in  1231 
did  homage  to  King  Henry  III.  for  his 
earldom  of  Leicester,  which  he  inherited 
from  the  Beaumont  or  Bellomont  family, 
and  thereby  became  an  Englishman.  It 
is  unnecessary  to  follow  Earl  Simon's  career 
in  England,  other  than  to  say  that  he 
eventually  allied  himself  with  the  English 
barons  and  was  killed  at  Evesham  in  1265. 
He  married  Eleanor,  daughter  of  King 
John  of  England,  who  bore  him  several 
children.  However,  his  sons  did  not  have 
issue  whose  descendants  can  be  proved  to 
have  settled  in  England. 

The  Montforts  of  England  must  un- 
doubtedly look  to  the  Montforts  of  Mont- 
fort-sur-Risle for  their  origin.  A  Hollander 
called  Thurstan  de  Bastenberge  followed 
the  Duke  of  Normandy  and  settled  at 
Montfort-sur-Risle,  where  he  built  a  strong 
castle,  and  at  the  time  of  the  invasion 
of  Britain  by  William  the  Conqueror  his 
descendant,  Hugh  de  Montfort,  one  of  the 
most  powerful  of  the  Norman  barons, 
supplied  50  ships  and  60  knights  for  the 
invading  army. 

For  his  services  Hugh  de  Montfort  received 
16  manors  in  Essex,  51  in  Suffolk,  19  in  Nor- 
folk, and  28  in  Kent,  in  addition  to  a  large  por- 
tion of  Romney  Marsh,  and  was  one  of  the 
.barons  entrusted  by  the  Conqueror  with  the 
administration  of  justice  throughout  England 
under  Bishop  Odo  and  William  FitzOsbern. 
By  Bishop  Odo  Hugh  de  Montfort  was 
made  Governor  of  the  Castle  of  Dover,  the 
key  of  the  kingdom.  He  would  appear 
to  have  had  two  wives.  By  his  first  wife 
he  had  two  sons,  Hugh  and  Robert,  and  by 
•the  second  a  daughter,  Alice,  eventually 


heir  to  her  brothers,  both  of  whom  died 
without  issue. 

Alice  de  Montfort-sur-Risle  became  the 
wife  of  Gilbert  de  Gant,  by  many  con- 
sidered to  be  the  son  of  Baldwin  VI.,  Count 
of  Flanders,  and  consequently  nephew  of 
Queen  Matilda.  So  says  J.  R.  Planche 
in  his  book,  '  The  Conqueror  and  his  Com- 
panions.' From  another  source  we  learn 
that  Gilbert  de  Gant  was  descended  from 
Ralph  de  Gand  of  Alost  in  Flanders.  The 
evidence  relied  upon  to  prove  that  Gilbert 
was  a  son  of  Baldwin  of  Flanders  is  a 
passage  in  a  charter  of  somewhat  later  date 
than  1274,  and  Freeman,  owing  to  the  absence 
of  any  contemporary  evidence,  regards 
this  as  being  an  amazing  bit  of  genealogy. 
Freeman's  view,  however,  is  now  generally 
adopted  by  skilled  genealogists. 

Walter  de  Gaunt,  son  of  GiJbert  de  Gaunt 

and  Alice  de  Montfort-sur-Risle,  was  created 

Earl    of    Lincoln.     Another   son,    Hugh    de 

Gaunt,  assumed  the  name  of  Montfort  after 

his  mother,  and  married  Adelina  de  Bello- 

|  mont,  daughter  of  Robert,  Count  of  Mellent 

land     Earl   of   Leicester,    whilst  a  daughter 

'  of  Gilbert,  Emma,  married  Alan  de  Percy — 

the  Great  Alan,  second  Lord  Percy. 

We  have  seen  that  Adelina  was  a  daughter 
of  Robert  de  Bellomont,  Earl  of  Mellent  and 
first  Earl  of  Leicester,  and  his  wife  Isabel, 
daughter  of  Hugh,  Count  of  Vermandois. 
Robert's  brother  was  Henry  de  Bellomont, 
Earl  of  Warwick,  and,  therefore,  Adelina 's 
uncle.  By  Adelina,  Hugh  de  Montfort  had 
a  son,  Thurstan  de  Montfort.  In  his  *  Antiqui- 
ties of  Warwickshire  '  Dugdale  remarks  : — 

From  this  Earl  of  Mellent  most  sure  it  is,  that 
the  greatest  part  of  what  he  possest  in  these  parts, 
came  soon  after  to  Henry  de  Newburgh,  his 
brother  the  first  Earl  of  Warwick  of  the  Norman 
line  ;  who  thereof,  and  of  divers  other  fair  Lord- 
ships enfeoft  Thurstan  de  Montfort  his  neere 
kinsman.  Which  Thurstane,  finding  it  so  capable 
of  Fortification,  erected  thereupon  that  strong 
Castle,  whereunto,  by  reason  of  its  pleasant 
situation,  the  French  name  Beldesert  was  given  ; 
which  continued ;  the  chief  Seat  of  his  Descendants 
for  divers  ages.  .  .  . 

Perhaps  the  greatest  of  all  the  Montforts 
of  Beldesert  was  Lord  Peter  de  Montfort, 
who  was  killed  at  Evesham.  He  was  the 
great-grandson  of  the  Thurstan  who  built 
the  Castle  of  Beldesert,  the  earthworks  of 
which  are  still  to  be  seen  on  the  hill  over- 
looking Henley -in-Arden.  Of  him  Dugdale 
says,  after  referring  to  the  defeat  of  the  King 
by  the  barons  at  Lewes  : — 

I  will  now  go  on  with  what  concerns  this  Peter 
de  Montfort :  and  that  it  may  appear,  how  he  was 


206 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [1Z  S.X.MAR.  18,1022. 


one  of  the  most  considerable  persons  in  that 
Rebellious  pack,  shall  give  several  instances  from 
the  special  trust  and  employment  he  then  had 
in  the  sway  of  the  Realm. 

It  must  be  remembered  that,  although 
Sir  Simon  de  Montfort  sided  with  the  barons 
of  England,  he  was  unwisely  regarded  with 
disfavour  by  many  of  the  barons.  They 
looked  upon  him  as  a  foreigner  who  had 
obtained  lands  and  titles  in  England.  On 
one  occasion,  when  Lord  Peter  de  Montfort 
was  charged  with  being  a  relative  of  Sir 
Simon's,  he  swore  by  the  soul  of  the  King 
that  he  was  not  related  to  the  Earl.  The 
two  families,  as  we  have  seen,  were  quite 
distinct,  the  one  being  largely  of  French  and 
the  other  mainly  of  Norman  blood. 

Dugdale  goes  on  to  say  : — • 

Shortly  after  this  victory  at  Lewes,  so  obtained, 
they  agreed  amongst  themselves,  that  IX  Persons 
should  be  nominated  to  exercise  Regall  power, 
whereof  three,  at  least,  to  be  constantly  resident 
in  Court,  for  disposing  of  the  custody  of  all  Castles, 
and  other  affaires  ;  with  the  nomination  of  the 
Chancelour,  Justices,  Treasurer,  and  all  other 
Officers,  great  and  small,  tending  to  the  govern- 
ment of  the  Kingdom  ;  of  which  number  this 
Peter  was  one  ;  which  persons,  so  appointed,  made 
use  of  the  great  Seal,  transacting  all  things, 
touching  the  state  of  the  Realm,  in  the  King's 
name.  .  .  .  In  which  Commission,  bearing 
date  of  Canterbury  the  Saturday  after  the  Feast 
of  the  Nativity  of  our  Lady  there  was  a  more 
especial  power  given  to  our  Peter,  than  any  of  the 
rest ;  that  is  to  say,  that  whatsoever  he  should 
swear  to  do,  the  King  must  be  bound  by  it. 

For  a  time  he  resided  at  Winchester  House, 
London. 

The  association  of  Sir  Simon  de  Montfort 


with  the  barons  was  undoubtedly,  to  some 
extent,  a  source  of  weakness  to  them  ;  for, 
owing  to  the  fact  that  the  Earl  of  Leicester 
was  by  blood  a  Frenchman  who  had  married 
a  daughter  of  King  John,  many  of  the 
English  barons  were  afraid  that,  in  the  event 
of  the  defeat  and  death  of  the  King  and  his 
son,  Sir  Simon's  position  might  lead  to  diffi- 
culties regarding  the  succession. 

After  the  defeat  of  the  barons  at  Evesham 
in  1265,  where  Sir  Simon  de  Montfort  and 
Lord  Peter  de  Montfort  were  killed,  the  King 
dealt  very  leniently  with  the  rebellious 
barons  and  their  families  ;  for,  by  the  dictum 
of  Kenilworth,  the  sons  of  Peter  had  their 
family  possessions  restored  to  them  ;  .but 
the  sons  of  Sir  Simon  de  Montfort  refused  to 
make  their  peace,  and  remained  abroad. 

Until  the  adoption  of  surnames  by  the 
English  people,  it  was  only  the  eldest  son 
of  the  family  who  retained  the  family  name. 
After  1300  the  younger  sons  of  the  Montforts 
began  to  use  the  name  as  a  surname,  and 
they  are  now  numerous  in  Warwickshire, 
Staffordshire  and  Shropshire.  About  1500 
they  began  to  adopt  Simon  as  a  Christian 
name,  and  many  of  them  seem  to  have  for- 
gotten the  great  Lord  Peter  from  whom 
they  were  really  descended. 

The  descendants  of  the  Montforts  of 
Beldesert  can  be  accurately  traced  down  to 
about  1770  ;  but  there  do  not  seem  to  be 
any  Montforts  living  who  can,  with  cer- 
tainty, couple  their  pedigrees  in  the  male 
line  with  the  old  family. 

R.  M.  DEELEY. 


FEVER  IN  THE  WEST  INDIES  :  EARLY 
NINETEENTH  CENTURY.— The  following  items 
are  taken  from  Adm.  Med.  Journals,  98/2,  at 
P.R.O.,  I  have  inserted  a  few  personal  particu- 
lars in  the  text  of  the  first. 

1.  H.M.S.  ECHO  :    DEATHS  OF  FIVE  NAVAL 

SURGEONS. 

Messrs.  Gordon  and  Smith*  (cetat.  circ.  22  and 
23)  Assistant  Surgeons  were .  received  on  board 
this  vessel  on  the  llth  January  1839  at  Bar- 
badoes  for  passage  to  Jamaica  having  arrived  at 
the  former  Island  from  England  two  days  before. 
On  the  afternoon  previously  to  embarkation  these 
gentlemen  attended  the  funeral  of  Captain 
[James]  Polkinghorne  [entered  H.M.S.  Crocodile 


from  half  pay,  Oct.  20,  1837]  who  had  died  of 
Fever.  When  the  heat  of  the  sun,  and  walking 
for  nearly  two  hours,  and  the  circumstance 
of  attending  a  funeral  immediately  on  arriv- 
ing in  the  West  Indies  appeared  to  affect 
them  considerably,  and  on  the  next  day  Mr. 
Gordon  was  lying  on  his  bed,  labouring 
under  considerable  excitement.  I  adopted 
every  measure  which  my  experience  suggested, 
b\it  on  the  9th  evening  Mr.  G.  died  in  Port  Royal 
Hospital  twelve  hours  after  admissior. 

Shortly  after  the  commencement  of  poor 
Gordon's  illness,  his  companion  Smith  also  com- 
plained of  mitigated  pyrexial  symptoms,  when  I 
had  recourse  to  appropriate  means,  but  Dr.  S. 
was  evidently  under  the  influence  of  fear  and  the 
very  worst  anticipations  with  regard  to  fever, 


*  H.M.S.  Echo.     Adm.  Muster  Bk.,  Ser.  II.  8950. 


Entry 

Whence 

Name 

Quality 

Date  of  Death 

Where 

12  Jan.  1839 
»>           »» 

Racer  for  passage  to 
Nimrod 

Robert  Smith 
G.  D.  Gordon 

Asst.  Surgn. 

*r             5-5 

23  Jan.  1839 

21     „        „ 

Port  Royal 
Hospital 

rr 

12B.X.MAB.18.1.M.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


207 


arid  .even  before  leaving  England  had  stated  his 
conviction  of  not  surviving  the  effects  of  the 
West  Indies.  On  arriving  at  Jamaica  I  placed  this 
patient  with  the  preceding,  under  the  care  of  Dr. 
Linton  in  hospital  whither  this  case  also  termi- 
nated fatally  on  the  4th  evening  after  admission. 

Their  remains  lie  beside  those  of  3  other  Naval 
Medical  Officers  amid  the  white  sands  of  the 
Palisades  at  Jamaica — viz.,  Dr.  Scott  of  the 
"  Cornwallis "  [entered  Feb.  19,  1837,  d.  Dec. 
30,  1838,  at  Port  Royal],  Mr.  Robertson  of  the 
Hospital,  and  Mr.  [Adam]  Drysdale  Asst.  Surgn. 
of  the  "  Dee  "  [entered  Feb.  27,  1838,  discharged 
Dec.  19,  1838,  H.M.S.  Tartarus,  but  no  date  of 
death  found],  falling  victims  within  a  few  weeks 
of  each  other. 

Some  years  ago  fever  was  very  destructive  in 
this  island  [Barbadoes]  and  in  1816  many  Officers 
and  men  of  the  2nd  or  Queen's  Royal  Regt. 
"  after  a  series  of  meritorious  services  under  the 
Duke  of  Wellington  in  almost  every  quarter  of 
the  globe,"  fell  victims  to  its  ravages,  and  which 
called  forth  from  Col.  Vernon  Graham  the  follow- 
ing beautiful  inscription  to  their  memory. 

BRAVE  MEN  1 

Ye  deserved  a  brighter  field 
Yet  shall  the  pale  rose  shed  its  dew 

UpOn  your  untimely  grave 
And  memory  cherish  your  contemplation 

With  no  less  dignity 
That  you  fell  before  an 
Almighty  hand  ! 
MORRIS  PRITCHETT,  Asst.  Surgn. 

2.  THE  2ND,  OB  QUEEN'S  ROYAL  REGIMENT. 

According  to  the  Casualty  Returns  of  the 
2nd  Queen's,  between  March  25,  1816,  and 
April  24,  1817,  they  lost  112  men  and  10 
officers  in  Barbadoes. 

Lieut. -Colonel  H.  C.  E.  Vernon  Graham  was 
in  command.  The  names  of  the  deceased 
officers  were  as  follows  : — 

Lieut.  Wm.  Gray  7  Nov.    1816. 

Lieut.  Dun.  McDougall  22     „ 

Asst.  Surg.  John  Prendergast  5  Dec. 

Lieut,  and  Adjt.  Jas.  Spencer  10 

Ensign  And.  Richmond  13 

Lieut.  Wm.  Clutterbuck  13 

Lieut.  John  Ballan.  Norman  20 

Capt.  John  Gordon  22 

Lieut.  Chas.  Grant  8  Feb.    1817. 

Lieut.  Isaac  Barrington  Perrin  17  April      ,, 

E.  H.  FAIBBBOTHEB. 

THE  STEAM  PACKET  HOTEL,  LOWEB 
THAMES  STBEET. — This  quondam  hotel — 
but  in  all  the  years  of  living  memories 
public -house — has  been  recently  demolished. 
Its  passing  was  probably  occasioned  by 
subsidences  due  to  excavations  on  the  site 
opposite,  i.e.,  west  of  St.  Magnus  Church 
and  east  of  London  Bridge.  But  apart 
from  the  appearance  of  the  house  its  passing 
is  worth  recording,  as  its  name  suggests 
much  of  interest. 


The  steam  packets  have,  in  the  biblio- 
graphy of  London,  a  literature  of  their 
own.  One  of  the  earliest,  '  The  Steam- 
boat Companion,'  published  by  Thomas 
Hughes,  1823,  had  to  preface  its  informa- 
tion with  an  extract  from  the  "  Minutes 
of  Evidence  before  the  Select  Committee 
of  the  House  of  Commons  respecting  the 
safety  and  utility  of  steam  packets ;  taken 
by  Sir  Richard  Parnall,  Bart.,  March  21st, 
1822,"  to  reassure  prospective  travellers. 
The  reform  was  successful ;  the  sailing  hoy 
was  displaced,  as  later  the  steamer  drove 
away  the  steam  packet.  But  the  high -noon 
of  this  last-named  was  not  until  the  forties 
and  fifties,  while  this  hotel  came  into 
existence  with  the  neighbouring  Adelaide 
Hotel,-  and,  while  long  outliving  its  intended 
purpose,  gained  the  immortality  of  being 
the  most  lasting  memorial  of  the  steam 
packet.  ALECK  ABBAHAMS. 

THE  SOCIAL  EIGHTEENTH  CENTUBY. — 
Much  can  be  gathered  respecting  the  habits 
and  customs  of  the  London  community  in 
the  eighteenth  century  from  the  first 
records  of  the  London  Hospital,  to  say 
nothing  of  the  other  charitable  and  philan- 
thropic agencies  which  sprang  up  in  the 
metropolis  in  this  period  of  the  national 
history.  A  large  proportion  of  City  business, 
and  a  still  larger  proportion  of  citizen 
politics  and  philanthropy,  flourished  in 
inns  and  taverns.  It  was  so  with  the  little 
assembly — -a  mere  "round  table"  — at 
The  Feathers,  Cheapside — which  on  Sept. 
23,  1740,  decided  to  lease  the  intended 
(London)  Infirmary  in  Featherstone  Street, 
"  near  the  Dog  Bar,"  for  £16  per  annum, 
and  to  open  on  the  first  Monday  in  Novem- 
ber of  the  same  year.  By  January,  1741, 
the  "  Infirmary "  had  got  well  to  work, 
and  the  House  Committee  sat  weekly  at 
various  dining  taverns,  although  "  The 
Crown  Tavern,  behind  the  Royal  Exchange," 
and  "The  Crown  Tavern,  Whitechapel 
Bars,"  were  specially  favoured  houses. 
By  the  by,  among  the  first  presentation  of 
gifts  in  kind  to  the  London  Infirmary  was 
Mr.  Gascoigne's  water-butt,  but  for  a  cen- 
tury and  three-quarters  "  the  Trade  "  has 
not  taken  the  hint  and  has  vigorously 
supported  the  Charringtons,  the  Hanburys, 
the  Buxtons,  the  Paulins,  the  Wigrams  and 
many  other  brewers  and  distillers  in  their 
munificent  donations  to  the  now  great 
institution  which  stands  in  the  Whitechapel 
Road.  For,  in  1747,  the  London  Infirmary 
became  the  London  Hospital,  and  in  1759 


208 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [  12  s.x.  MAR.  18,1022: 


the    institution  was    finished,  with    accom- 
modation for  161  beds  and  patients.     Me. 

CUMULATIVE  STORIES  (see  ante,  p.  148). — 
Since  the  appearance  of  my  note  as  above, 
I  have  come  across  a  few  lines,  which  were 
probably  written  intentionally  after  the 
manner  of  a  cumulative  story  : — 

But  that  which  most  deserves  to  be  noted  in 
it,  is  the  reason  of  its  Name  and  Foundation. 
It  is  because  here  is  the  Earth,  that  nourished  the 
Boot,  that  bore  the  Tree,  that  yielded  the  Timber 
that  made  the  Cross.  (*  A  Journey  from  Aleppo 
to  Jerusalem  At  Easter,  A.D.  1697,'  by  Hen. 
Maundrell,  M.A.  late  Fellow  of  Exeter  Coll.  and 
Chaplain  to  the  Factory  at  Aleppo,  Fourth  edit. 
1721  and  Seventh  edit.  1749,  p.  94,  under  date 
April  2.) 

The  above  concerns  the  "  convent  «of  the 
Greeks,  taking  its  Name  from  the  holy  Cross." 
This  convent  or  monastery  is  about  1£  miles 
west  of  Jerusalem. 

That  Maundrell  intended  to  be  sarcastic 
or  jocose  may  be  inferred  from  what  follows 
the  above  : — 

Under  the  high  Altar  you  are  shewn  a  hole  in 
the  ground  where  the  stump  of  the  Tree  stood, 
and  it  meets  with  not  a  few  Visitants  so  much 
veryer  stocks  than  itself,  as  to  fall  down  and 
worship  it. 

ROBERT  PIERPOINT. 


©uertes. 

WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries 
in  order  that  answers  may  be  sent  to  them  direct. 


ORDER  OF  ST.  MICHAEL  AND  ST.  GEORGE. 
—In  the  Navy  List  for  January,  1828,  ap- 
pears the  following :  "  The  Naval  Officer 
commanding  in  the  Mediterranean  is,  pro 
tempore,  a  Knight  Grand  Cross  of  this 
Order."  The  Order  of  St.  Michael  and  St. 
George  was  established  in  1818  to  commem- 
orate the  placing  of  the  Ionian  Islands  under 
British  protection,  and  was  at  first  limited  to 
natives  of  those  islands  and  of  Malta.  The 
C.-in-C.  in  the  Mediterranean  evidently  came 
in  under  the  clause  "  and  to  such  other 
subjects  of  His  Majesty  as  may  hold  high 
and  confidential  situations  in  the  Mediter- 
ranean." 

The  July,  1832,  Navy  List  is  the  last 
in  which  the  regulation  concerning  the 
C.-in.-C.  appears,  possibly  due  to  the 
-alterations  made  that  year  in  the  statutes 
of  the  Order.  Did  the  military  G.O.C.  or 


the  Governor  of  Malta  receive  the  same 
honour  ?  Has  any  other  Order  ever  con- 
ferred such  a  "  temporary  rating  ?  " 

A.  G.  KEALY, 
Maltby,  Yorks.  Chaplain,  R.N.,  retd, 

EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY  ETONIANS. — Any 
later  information  about  the  following 
Etonians  would  be  welcome  :— 

Acton,  Edward  Cecil,  son  of  Edward 
and  Susan  Acton ;  bapt.  at  Ashtead, 
Surrey,  March  5,  1728  ;  matric.  at  Oxford 
from  Magdalen  College,  Oct.  11,  1748  ; 
B.D.  1762. 

Adams,  John  ;  born  at  Donhead,  Wilts  ; 
admitted  sizar  at  Clare  College,  Cambridge, 
March  26,  1716. 

Aldrich,  George  Oakley,  son  of  Thomas 
and  Grace  Aldrich  of  Great  Kirby  Street,. 
Holborn  ;  matric.  at  Oxford  from  Merton 
College,  March  26,  1739  ;  M.D.  1755. 

Apperley,  James,  son  of  Thomas  and. 
Elizabeth  Apperley  ;  bapt.  Nov.  4,  1706,  at 
St.  Peter's-,  Hereford ;  matric.  at  Oxford 
from  Jesus  College,  March  11,  1724/5; 
M.B.  1734. 

Armstrong,  Charles,  son  of  Augustin  and 
Mary  Armstrong  of  Covent  Garden  ;  bapt. 
Nov.  11,  1709,  at  St.  Martin-in-the-Fields  ; 
matric.  at  Oxford  from  Balliol  College, 
June  7,  1729. 

Ashenhurst,  George,  son  of  James  Ashen - 
hurst  of  Park  Hall,  Co.  Stafford  ;  admitted 
at  Trinity  College,  Cambridge,  Jan.  13, 
1742/3,  aged  17.  R.  A.  A.-L. 

[This  Ashenhurst  is  entered  as  "  James  "  in 
'  Alumni  Cantabrigienses.'] 

A  PORTRAIT  OF  MME.  CORNELYS. — 
Does  any  portrait  exist  of  Theresa  Imer, 
Mme.  Cornelys,  of  Carlisle  House,  Soho 
Square  ? 

A     caricature     of    her,     entitled     '  Lady 
Fashion's   Secretary's  Office,'   is  mentioned 
in  her  biography   in  the    '  D.N.B.,'    but   I 
do  not  know  of  any  serious  portrait  of  her. 
HORACE  BLEACKLEY. 

A  GUNPOWDER  PLOT  IN  1615. — Jon 
Olafsson,  Icelandic  traveller,  who  was  in 
England  in  1615,  gives  the  following  cir- 
cumstantial account  of  a  plot  against  the 
life  of  King  James  I.  : — 

One  evening  near  sunset  in  October  [1615],  as 
King  James  was  coming  down  from  Gravesend 
in  one  of  the  boats  called  "  King's  boats  "  (of 
which  there  are  eighteen,  all  ten-oared  or  twelve- 
oared),  and  about  200  men  with  him,  gunpowder 
mines  had  been  laid  on  the  quay,  where  the 
King's  boat  was  to  be  steered  to  the  shore,  and 
where  he  usually  landed.  But  a  woman  who  sold 


12  S.  X.  MAR.  18,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


209 


apples  on  the  shore  gave  the  King  a  hint,  so 
that  he  was  delivered  from  that  treachery  by 
God's  help.  Three  of  the  traitors  were  caught, 
but  two  went  free  so  long  as  we  stayed  there. 
The  King  summoned  a  great  meeting  below  the 
Tower  of  London  on  a  wide  and  level  plain  ; 
an  astounding  number  of  people  gathered  there. 
And  the  conspiracy  having  been  enquired  into, 
and  the  sentence  pronounced,  the  traitors  were 
broken  on  the  wheel,  limb  by  limb. 

Can  any  reader  tell  me  whence  this  story 
arose  or  whether  there  is  any  truth  in  it? 
The  State  Papers,  Domestic,  throw  no 
light  on  the  matter,  but  as  Jon's  statements 
are  in  the  main  wonderfully  accurate,  he  is 
hardly  likely  to  have  invented  the  whole 
account.  The  number  of  royal  barges 
appears  to  be  exaggerated.  And  where 
was  the  "  wide  and  level  plain  "  where  the 
meeting  was  convened  ?  L.  M.  ANSTEY. 

HEBEBEBTUS  DE  MIDDLESEX. — What  is 
known  concerning  the  career  of  this 
ecclesiastical  personage  ?  With  what  place 
in  the  county  is  his  name  associated  ?  Ralph 
de  Diceto  merely  mentions  him  as  an 
English  bishop  in  Calabria,  Italy,  who  in 
1185  was  swallowed  up  by  an  earthquake 
('  Ymagines  Historiarum,'  Chronicles  and 
Memorials  Series,  No.  68,  vol.  i.,  p.  37). 

S.  J.  MADGE. 

69,  Oakfield  Road,  Stroud  Green,  N.4. 

"  DOWLE." — By  his  will  made  1546, 
William  Gower  of  Bulton  or  Boughton,  St. 
Johns-in-Bedwardine,  Co.  Wore.,  bequeathed 
'*  to  my  son  Harrie  all  things  standing  holie 
in  the  great  chamber  and  the  dowle 
chamber  and  the  middle  chamber."  What 
was  a  "  dowle  chamber  "  ? 

ROBEBT    GOWEB. 

BABBEL  OBGANS  IN  '.  CHURCHES. — A 
number  of  country  churches  in  the  period 
which  followed  upon  the  abolition  of  the  old 
orchestras  and  mixed  choirs  acquired  a 
type  of  organ  which  was  operated  by  a 
handle.  One  such  organ  still  survives  in 
the  church  of  S  taunt  on,  Nottinghamshire, 
not  far  from  the  vale  of  Belvoir.  It  has 
three  barrels,  each  of  which  gave  out 
twelve  tunes,  but  it  has  not  been  workable 
for  many  years  past.  Who  was  the  maker 
of  these  organs  and  when  did  he  flourish  ? 

R. 

THOMAS  SCOT,  MAYOB  or  DOVEB  1690.— 
Was  he  the  youngest  son  of  Thomas  Scot  the 
regicide,  by  his  third  wife,  Anne  Bashe, 
daughter  of  Sir  Ralph  Bashe,  K.B.  ?  Did 
he  marry  in  1660  Susanna  Dell  ?  When 


did  he  die  and  where  was  he  buried  ? 
He  was  "  a  Dutch  and  Russian  merchant 
trading  with  Hamburg,"  and  became  a 
banker  at  Dover,  founding  Latham's  Bank 
and  built  the  house. 

Any  information  sent  direct  will  be  grate- 
fully received.  CONSTANCE  RUSSELL. 
j      Swallowfield  Park,  Reading. 

'  HISTOBIA  OPPIDI  HATFIELDIENSIS.'— 
In  the  Lansdowne  MSS.  899  reference  is  made 
to  '  Historia  Universalis  Oppidi  et  Parochiae 
Hatfieldiensis  ;  or,  Ye  History  and  Antiquitys 
of  ye  Town  and  Parish  of  Hatfield,  by 
Doncaster.  In  small  Books,  with  many 
Copper  Cutts.  Book  ye  6th,  entitled 
Vitalis.'  Can  any  reader  kindly  inform 
me  where  this  book  can  be  seen  ? 

It  is  not  in  the  British  Museum. 

WILLIAM  BULL. 

BRIGHTON  :  "  THE  CHALYBEATE,"  MBS. 
BUSHMAN'S  SCHOOL. — I  have  a  pencil  draw- 
ing entitled  '  Cottage  at  the  Chalybeate, 
Brighton,'  made  by  my  mother  when  at 
school  in  Brighton  in  the  fifties.  Where  was 
"  the  Chalybeate,"  and  does  it  still  exist  ? 
The  cottage  looks  delightfully  rural. 

The  school  referred  to  was  kept  by  a  Mrs. 
Bushman,  and  was  situate  in  (I  think) 
Brunswick  Terrace  in  the  King's  Road. 
My  mother  once  showed  me  the  house,  but 
I  have  forgotten  the  exact  position.  Perhaps 
some  reader  interested  in  old  Brighton  can 
say  where  this  was,  and  how  long  the  school 
was  in  existence.  I  have  half  a  dozen  pencil 
drawings,  made  by  my  mother  at  the  time, 
of  various  rooms  in  the  school. 

A  girls'  school  at  that  date  must  have  been 
very  different  from  the  modern  school. 
For  one  thing,  the  pupils  were  always  ad- 
dressed as  "  Miss  ,"  instead  of  by 

their  Christian  names.  G.  H.  WHITE. 

23,  Weighton  Road,  Anerley. 

GBAHAM  OF  MACKINSTON. — Information 
desired  re  John  Graham,  born  1722,  and 
Margaret,  his  sister,  born  1717  (son  and 
daughter  of  John  Graham  of  Mackinston 
and  Margaret  his  wife),  and  their  children, 
if  any.  Also  the  parentage  of  John  Graham, 
surgeon,  of  Paisley,  afterwards  in  H.M. 
Forces,  who  died  in  Antigua.  Please  reply 
direct.  J.  H.  BLOOM.  M.A. 

31,  Veronica  Road,  Upper  Tooting.  S.W.I 7. 

WILLIAMS  :  SHAW. — Any  information  con- 
cerning the  family  of  Mary  Ann  Williams, 
who  married,  on  Nov.  30,  1813,  at  St.  Dun- 
stan-in-the-West,  Captain  Alexander  Shaw 


210 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        r  12  s.x.  MAR.  18,1922. 


of  the  35th  Foot,  would  be  gratefully 
received  by  NORMAN  SHAW. 

P.S.- — -There  is  presumed  to  have  been  a 
previous  marriage  between  the  parties, 
possibly  at  Gretna  Green. 

Custom  House,  Swatow,  China. 

A  LADY  IN  WAITING  TO  QUEEN  ADELAIDE. 
— -Amelia  Castlereagh  Tempest  is  said  to 
have  been  a  lady  in  waiting  to  Queen 
Adelaide.  What  is  known  of  her  ? 

J.  M.  BTJLLOCH. 

PIRATED  BARRIE. — I  understand  that 
several  of  Sir  J.  M.  Barrie's  early  newspaper 
articles  have  been  reprinted  in  pamphlet 
form  in  America.  Can  any  American  reader 
give  a  list  of  such  reprints  ? 

J.  M.  BULLOCH. 

HERALDRY  :  YATTON  CHURCH,  SOMERSET. 
— On  a  memorial  in  the  above  church  is  the 
coat  of  arms,  demi-lion  rampant,  of  John 
Markham  of  this  parish,  who  died  1712, 
impaling,  Erm.  three  crescents  (Kenn),  three 
stags  salient  (Popham  ?),  three  elephants' 
heads  erased  (Saunders).  Can  any  of  your 
readers  kindly  say  how  these  families  were 
connected,  and  how  John  Markham  was 
related  to  the  Markhams  of  Coatham  ? 

H.  C.  BARNARD. 

The  Grey  House,  Yatton,  Somerset. 

PORTRAIT  OF  STEPHEN  THEODORE  JANS- 
SEN. — Apart  from  the  group,  attributed 
to  Hogarth,  that  used  to  be  No.  615  in  the 
Guildhall  Art  Gallery,  are  there  any  known 
portraits  of  Stephen  Theodore  Janssen, 
Lord  Mayor  of  London  1754,  son  of  Sir 
Theodore  Janssen,  Bart.,  and,  later,  the 
fourth  and  last  baronet  of  his  family? 

EG  AN  MEW. 

2,  Well  Mount,  Hampstead  Heath,  N.W.3. 

EARLY  VICTORIAN  LITERATURE. — Can  any 
contributor  throw  any  light  upon  the  names 
of  the  rightful  authors  of  several  of  the 
popular  "  Penny  Dreadfuls  "  published  by 
E.  Lloyd,  1840-50.  I  have  practically 
exhausted  every  source  of  research,  but 
have  failed  to  trace  who  Were  really  the 
authors  of  the  following  : — 

'  The  Hebrew  Maiden ;  or,  The  Lost 
Diamond,'  1841. 

'Tales  of  the  Drama,'   1841. 

'  Fatherless  Fanny ;  or,  The  Mysterious 
Orphan,'  1841. 

'  Susan  Hopley ;  or,  The  Trials  and 
Vicissitudes  of  a  Servant  Girl,'  by  the 
author  of  '  The  Hebrew  Maiden,'  ;  Harvest 
Home,'  &c.  (Miss  Clara  Reeve  wrote  a 


'  Fatherless    Fanny '     in     1819,     and    Miss 

Catherine     Crowe     wrote     '  Adventures     of 

Susan  Hopley  ;  or,  Circumstantial  Evidence,' 

( in    1841.     It    is    the    Lloyd's    issues    I    am 

I  inquiring    about.) 

'  The  Gambler's  Wife  ;  or,  Murder  will  out,' 
1850. 

'  Ada,  the  Betrayed,'  1841. 

'  Gentleman  Jack,'    1852. 

'  Paul  Clifford  ;  or,  Hurrah  for  the  Road,' 
1852. 

'  Claude  Du  Val,  the  Dashing  Highway- 
man,' 1850. 

'  Captain  Hawke  ;  or,  May  Boyes  ;  and 
The  Shadow  of  Death,'  1851. 

'  The  Life  and  Adventures  of  Tom  King 
the  Highwayman,'  1851. 

I  have  spent  many  days  in  the  British 
Museum  Library  in  quest  of  the  informa- 
tion, and  shall  appreciate  and  esteem 
assistance.  FRANK  JAY. 

HERALDIC  :  ARMS  OF  MILL  HILL  SCHOOL. 
—These  consist  of  a  shield,  three  birds 
of  some  description  across  the  centre, 
and  underneath  is  the  inscription,  "  Et 
virtutem  et  musas."  What  are  the  origin 
and  interpretation  of  these  arms  and  motto  ? 
GRAHAM  GLENCROSS. 

GEORGE  GRAHAM  BLACKWELL,  eldest  son 
of  James  Blackwell  of  the  East  Indies, 
matriculated  at  Oxford  from  Brasenose  in 
1819,  aged  18.  Further  information  about 
his  parentage  and  career  are  desired. 

G.  F.  R.  B. 

AUTHORS  WANTED.— Who  wrote  the  follow- 
ing : — 

1.  '  Modern  London,    being    the    History    and 
Present  State  of  the  British  Metropolis.'     By  a 
Distinguished      Antiquary.        London,      Richard 
Phillips,   1804. 

2.  '  An  Enquiry  in  the  Reasons  of  the  Advance 
of  the  Price  of  Coals  within  the  seven  years  past.' 
London,  1739.     [Pamphlet.] 

3.  '  Society  in  London.'     By  a  Foreign  Resident. 
London,    Chatto    and    Windus,     1885.     Seventh 
Edition. 

4.  '  The   History   of   Nature.'     In   two    parts. 
Emblematically    expressed,    in    near    a    hundred 
.     .     .     copperplates.     [Editor?]     London,  1720. 

5.  '  The    Groans    of    the  Talents ;    or,  Private 
Sentiments     on   Public    Occurrences.'      [Political 
Satire.l     London,  Tupper  and  Richards,  1807. 

M.  B.  C. 

6.  "  It  chanced.     Eternal  God  that  chance  did 

guide."  E.  J.  T. 

SONG  WANTED. — Can  any  reader  give  me    in- 
formation about  a  song  beginning  : — 
"  Two    Israelite    merchants    in    New   York    once 

dwelt  : 

In  all  kind  of  merchandise  richly  they  dealt  "  ? 
MILNER  MOORE,  M.D. 


i2s.x.MAH.i8,io22.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


211 


Replies. 

GENERAL   CLEMENT   EDWARDS. 

(12  S.  x.  131.) 

I  enclose  statement  of  services  of  the  General  and  his  father,  which  may  be  of  some  interest. 
I  can  find  no  trace  of  General  C.  A.  Edwards  holding  the  appointment  of  Adjutant-General, 
or  any  connexion  with  the  origin  of  the  short  service  system,  or  abolition  of  Army  purchase. 

LIEUTENANT-GENERAL  CLEMENT  ALEXANDER  EDWARDS,  C.B. 
Cadet  from  R.M.C. 


Rank. 

Regiment. 

Date. 

Lond.  Gazette. 

Ensign 

31st  Foot 

11.      6.  1829 

3.      7.  1829 

>? 

18th  Roval  Irish  Regt. 

9.      7.       29 

4.     8.       29 

Lieut. 

"  Do. 

28.    11.       34 

28.    11.       34 

Captain 

Do. 

13.      3.       40 

13.      3.       40 

Brev.  Major 

Army 

11.    11.       51 

11.    11.       51 

Major 

18th  Royal  Irish  Regt. 

25.      5.       53 

4.    11.       53 

Brev.  Lieut.  -Col. 

Army 

9.    12.       53 

9.    12.       53 

Lieut.-Colonel 

Cmdg.  18th  Royal  Irish  Regt. 

9.      3.       55 

9.      3.       55 

Brev.  -Colonel 

Army 

17.      7.       55 

17.      7.       55 

Lieut.-Colonel 

49th  Regiment  of  Foot 

3.      8.        60 

3.      8.       60 

Retired  on  Half  Pay 

4r     8.       63 

4.      8.       63 

Inspecting  Field  Officer 

Recruiting  District  (Bristol) 

3.      4.       66 

3.      4.       66 

Brig.-General 

Inspector-Genl.  of  Recruiting 

(6.      7.       67") 
i  1.      8.       73) 

12.      7.       67 

Major-General 

— 

19.      4.       68 

1.      5.       68 

Lieut.  -  General 



17.      3.       76 

31.      3.       76 

Colonel 

2nd  Foot,  The  Queen's 

15.      3.       77 

3.      4.       77 

Colonel 

18th  Royal  Irish  Regt. 

25.      3.       77 

10.      4.       77 

Distinguished  Service  Reward 

15.      1.       60 

Died  29.7.1882,  at  Leeson  House,  Blackheath,  aged  70. 


T Clement  Alexander  Edwards,  the  son  of 
Colonel  C.  M.  Edwards,  Military  Secretary 
to  the  Duke  of  York,  was  born  in  London 
-on  Nov.  13,  1812.  He  joined  the  Royal 
Military  College  at  Sandhurst  when  only 
fourteen,  and,  passing  out  first  on  the  list, 
was  gazetted  to  the  31st  Foot,  June  11, 
1829,  a  month  later  transferred  as  Ensign 
to  18th  Royal  Irish  Regt.,  July  9,  1829. 
He  served  with  the  latter  regiment  through 
the  war  in  China  of  1840-42  (Medal),  and 
was  present  at  the  attack  upon  Canton,  the 
taking  of  Amoy,  Chapoo,  Woosung,  Shanghai 
and  Chinkiangfu,  and  was  afterwards  ap- 
pointed by  Lord  Gough  to  be  A.Q.M.G.  to 
the  force  in  China.  He  next  served  with  the 

18th  Royal  Irish  in  the  Burmese  War,  from 
July,  1852,  to  the  conclusion  ;  he  was  at 
the  taking  of  Prorne,  and  was  given  a  de- 
tached command  for  several  months,  during 
which,  after  much  fighting  and  severe 
marches,  the  provinces  of  Padoung  and 
Kangheim  were  cleared  of  the  enemy.  In 
January,  1853,  he  led  a  party  on  special 
service  from  Prome  to  Arracan,  for  which 
the  Government  of  India  recorded  its  appro- 
bation (medal  with  clasp  for  Pegu  and 


brevet  of  Lieutenant-Colonel).  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  Edwards  served  in  the  Crimea  with 
the  18th  Royal  Irish  from  Dec.  30,  1854, 
including  the  siege  and  fall  of  Sebastopol 
(medal  with  clasp,  C.B.,  brevet  of  Colonel, 
Knight  of  the  Legion  of  Honour,  Third  Class 
of  the  Medjidie,  and  Turkish  Medal).  He 
succeeded  to  the  command  of  the  regiment 
on  March  9,  1855.  Colonel  Edwards  after- 
wards proceeded  to  India  with  his  regiment 
and  commanded  a  brigade  at  Mhow.  At 
the  termination  of  the  Mutiny  he  received 
the  thanks  of  the  Governor-General  in 
Council  for  the  promptness  of  the  measures 
whereby  the  rebels  under  Tantia  Topee 
were  prevented  from  entering  Khandeish. 
Colonel  Edwards  was  awarded  the  Dis- 
tinguished and  Meritorious  Service  Reward 
in  January,  1860.  After  the  Mutiny  he 
exchanged  to  the  49th  Regiment  and  com- 
manded it  until  August,  1863.  He  was  In- 
spector-General of  Recruiting  from  July, 
1867,  to  August,  1873.  On  March  25,  1877, 
Lieutenant -General  Edwards  was  appointed 
to  the  Colonelcy  of  the  18th  Royal  Irish, 
with  which  he  had  served  so  long  and  with 
such  distinction.  He  died  on  July  29,  1882. 


212 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [12  s.x.  MAR.  18,1922. 


LIEUTENANT-COLONEL  CLEMENT  MARTIN  EDWARDS  (FATHER  OF  THE  FOREGOING) 


Rank. 

Regiment. 

Date. 

Loud.  Gazette. 

Ensign 

48th  Regt.  of  Foot 

9.      1.  1795 

6.      1.  1795 

Lieut. 

Do. 

3.      9. 

95 

8.      9.       95 

Captain 

Do. 

25.     6. 

03 

9.      7.       03 

Captain 

A  Regt.  of  Inf.  (Ramsay's) 

5.      1. 

05 

8.      1.       05 

Major 

3rd  Ceylon  Regt. 

7.      1. 

08 

5.      1.       08 

Brev.  Lieut.  -Colonel 
Lieut.  -Colonel 

D.A.G.  (Ceylon) 
Army 
3rd  Ceylon  Regt. 

?     12. 
14.    12. 
15.      7. 

09 
09 
13 

12.    12.       09 

9 

17.      7.        13 

,, 

D.Q.M.G.  (Malta) 

9.      6. 

14 

11.      6.        14 

" 

1st  Ceylon  Regt. 

8.      2. 

16 

17.      2.       16 

Died   4.5.1816. 

N.B. — The  name  of  Martin  first  appears  in  Army  List,  1814.  Appears  in  Imperial  Calendar,. 
1814,  p.  190.  C.-in-C.'s.  Office,  Horse  Guards.  Asst.  Secretary,  Lieut.-Col.  C.  Edwards.  No  trace 
as  to  date  of  appointment. 


EXTRACTS  FROM  MS.  HISTORY,  48TH  REGT.  OF 
FOOT,  DURING  THE  PERIOD  THAT  LlEDT.- 
COLONEL  EDWARDS  WAS  SERVING  IN  THAT 
REGIMENT. 

1795.  They   returned   to   Plymouth   from   the 
island    of     Jersey    and    shortly    afterwards    to 
Nutslin    Camp,    near    Southampton,    and    were 
reviewed  by  their  Royal  Highnesses  the  Prince 
of  Wales  and  the  Duke  of  York,  previous  to  their 
departure  for  the  West  Indies,  under  the  command 
of  Sir  Ralph  Abercrombie,  and  in  the  Fleet  of 
Admiral  Christian.     The  embarkation  of  the  48th 
Regt.  took  place  at  Southampton,  847  strong. 

1796.  In  the  early  part  of  this  year  Admiral 
Christian's    Fleet   arrived    in    the    West    Indies. 
No  mention  is  made  of  the  regiment  being  en- 

§aged  in  any  affair  but  that  of  the  reduction  of 
t.   Lucia,   where  the  two   positions   of  Mounts 
Chembron  and  Fortune  were  to  be  carried  by  a 
combined  attack.     The  4  8th  lost  about  thirty  men 
in  supporting  that  made  on  Mount  Chembron. 

1797.  The   regiment   remained    in   St.    Lucia 
after    its    capture    until    August,    1797,    and    so 
dreadful   had  been  the  effects  of  the  climate  that 
when  ordered  to  give  over  the  remaining  men  to 
the  87th  Regiment  there  were  not  more  than  fifty. 
Yet  not  more  than  eighteen  months  had  elapsed 
since  the  embarkation  of  847  men  from  England. 
The    skeleton    regiment    arrived    at    Gravesend 
towards    the    end    of    September,    marched    to 
Chatham,  thence  to  Huntingdon  ;    in  December 
was  at  Norwich. 

1798.  Early   this   year   the   regiment  went  to 
Worcester.     About    this    time    numbers    of    the 
Supplementary    Militia    volunteered    to    extend 
their    services   to   all    Europe.     Government    di- 
rected   that    they    should    be    attached    to    the 
48th  Regiment,  so  they  joined  at  Poole  in  Dorset- 
shire, where  the  regiment  had  gone.     The  regiment 
was   now   complete,   as   Colonel   Martin   Hunter 
embarked  the  regiment  800  strong  at  Lymington 
in  August  and  they  arrived  at  Gibraltar  in  Sep- 
tember.     The  corps  continued  to  form  part  of 
the  garrison  all  the  next  year  and  until  May, 
1800. 

1800.  This  year  the  corps  was  sent  in  May  to 
Minorca,  and  was  encamped  near  St.  Philip's 
Fort.  Other  corps  had  been  assembled  in  the 
island,  as  an  expedition  was  projected  to  the 
'continent  of  Italy.  The  object  was  to  support 


the  Austrians,  then  in  the  Milanese.  The  48th 
sailed  with  the  other  regiments  from  Minorca 
about  five  weeks  after  its  arrival  in  it.  Two 
points  of  disembarkation  were  appointed,  Genoa 
and  Leghorn.  The  48th  Regiment  was  in  that 
part  of  the  Army  destined  to  land  at  Leghorn. 
When  arrived  there,  the  General  received  in- 
formation which  rendered  the  landing  of  the 
troops  unnecessary — the  expedition  was  abortive, 
Bonaparte  had  brought  the  Austrian  Army 
under  General  Melas  to  action  at  Marengo  near 
Milan,  and  the  Austrian  General  Melas  had  been 
defeated.  The  Army  broke  up  and  the  48th 
was  sent  to  join  the  force  employed  under  General 
Pigot  and  Colonel  Graham  of  the  90th  in  the 
blockade  of  Malta.  The  City  of  La  Vallitte 
and  its  dependencies  surrendered  on  September  6, 
about  six  weeks  after  the  regiment  had  joined 
the  Army.  The  Florian  Gate  leading  to  the  city 
was  taken  possession  of  by  the  grenadiers  under 
Captain  Brooke,  senior.  The  arrival  of  the 
Fleet  with  Sir  Ralph  Abercrombie  and  the  Army 
destined  to  oppose  the  French  in  Egypt  about 
December,  1800,  gave  the  men  of  the  Supple- 
mentary Militia  attached  to  the  48th  an  oppor- 
tunity of  showing  the  admirable  feeling  that 
animates  every  British  breast.  Though  their 
services  were  limited  to  Europe,  and  though  the 
Army  was  about  to  make  war  in  the  country  of 
the  plague  where  British  arms  had  never  been, 
yet  they  unanimously  declared  their  wish  to- 
share  the  new  hardships  and  dangers.  An  order 
arrived  from  England  for  the  immediate 
embarkation  of  the  48th.  The  regiment  was 
on  board  transports,  waiting  a  favourable  wind. 
A  frigate  arrived  from  Egypt.  The  French  Army 
had  surrendered  at  Alexandria.  Exultation  at 
the  news  was  damped  by  the  regrets  the  corps 
felt  at  not  having  participated  in  achievements 
to  which  their  spirits  would  have  led  them.  They 
were  disembarked  some  time  in  1802.  Four  com- 
panies of  all  the  limited  service  men  were  carried 
to  England  on  board  H.M.S.Athenian,  commanded 
by  Captain  Sir  Thomas  Levingston ;  the  other  six 
companies  followed  the  next  year,  the  disembarka- 
tion taking  place  in  September  at  Portsmouth, 
whence  they  marched  to  Manchester.  The  48th, 
having  had  a  second  battalion  added,  received  1,68  4 
men  from  the  Royal  Army  of  Reserve.  Soon 
after  both  battalions  left  Manchester  for  Horsham 
in  Sussex.  A  separation  now  took  place,  the 


12  S.  X.  MAR,  18,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


213 


second  battalion  moving  to  Aylsham  Barracks 
previously  to  the  march  of  the  first  battalion  in 
November  to  Eastbourne. 

1804.  A  small  camp  was  formed  in  June,  1804, 
at  Beachy  Head,  of  the  8th,  23rd,  48th,  and  88th, 
and  the  Hampshire  Militia  under  General  Mait- 
land.  After  a  review  of  these  troops  in  Sep- 
tember by  His  Royal  Highness  the  Duke  of 
York  the  camp  broke  up  and  this  corps  marched 
to  Hailsham  Barracks  and  then  went  on  to  the 
Isle  of  Wight.  Freshwater  and  other  barracks 
in  the  island  were  occupied  until  the  commence- 
ment of  the  following  year. 

W.  E.  GOVIEB, 
Senior  Library  Attendant,  War  Office. 


TERCENTENARY    HANDLIST    OF 

NEWSPAPERS. 
(12  S.  viii.  38?  91,  118,  173,  252,  476  ;  x.  191.) 

PROVINCIAL. 
1719.  St.    Ives    Mercury.     Vol.    I.,    No.    6,    Nov. 

16.      11  S.  ii.   481-2. 
Weekly   Journal   (Manchester).     5   S.    viii. 

233. 
1722.  Weekly  Courant  (Nottingham).     5  S.  viii. 

231. 

1726.  British  Spy,  or  Derby  Postman.  No.  1, 
May  11.  3  S.  ix.  166  ;  4  S.  vi.  63. 

1730.  Whitworth's     Manchester     Gazette.     Dec. 

22.      3  S.  ix.  94. 

1731.  The  Kendal  Courant,     Jan.  1.      3  S.  ix.  94. 
1741.  Northamptonshire      Journal.       March      19. 

6  S.  xii.  30. 

1763.  Exeter  Flying  Post  (Trewman's).  The 
entry  in  '  T.L.,'  225  (1),  may  be  com- 
pleted by  the  reference  to  this  paper 
ceasing  publication  in  April,  1917.  See 
12  S.  iii.  355. 

1782.  Bury  St.  Edmunds  and  Norwich  Post. 
4  S.  v.  591.  (Earliest  in  '  T.L.'  is  1826.) 

1814.  Seren  Gomer.  Continued  with  breaks  until 
1897.  'T.L.,'  222  (1).  8  S.  xi.  206. 

1819.  Cambridge  Monthly  Repository.  No.  1, 
Dec.  19.  6  S.  xi.  61. 

1821.  Catholic  (Manchester).  No.  1,  Nov.  24, 
1821— April  6,  1822.  6  S.  iii.  455. 

1824.  Oxford  Entertaining  Miscellany.  6  S. 
iii.  373. 

1828.  Catholic     Emancipator     (Taunton).     3     S. 

xi.   154. 

1829.  Hastings  Chronicle.     No.  1,  July  29.     3  S. 

v.  75. 
1829.  The    Gownsman    (Cambridge).     Nos.    1-17, 

Nov.  5,  1829-30.      6  S.  xi.  61. 
1833.  Spiritual   Repository   (?  Wigan).     8    S.    v. 

1836.  The  Fellow  (Cambridge).     Nos.  1- 11,  Oct.— 

Dec.      6  S.  xi.  61. 

The     Freshman     (Cambridge).     Nos.      1-6. 
6  S.  xi.   61. 

1838.  The  Tripos  (Cambridge).  No.  1,  Dec.  19. 
6  S.  xi.  62. 

1846.  Cambridge  and  Dublin  Mathematical  Jour- 
nal (Cambridge).  (Till  1854.)  6  S.  xi.  61. 

1850.  The  Scholar  (Preston).      12  S.  viii.   325. 

1855.  Kentish  Express.      4  S.  xi.  358. 

18") 7.  The  Comet  (Newcastle).  No.  3.  Sept.  4  S. 
x.  25. 


1858.  The  Bear  University  Magazine  (Cambridge). 

No.  1,  Oct.      6  S.  xi.  62. 
Quarterly   Journal   of   Mathematics    (Cam- 
bridge).    6  S.  xi.   61. 

1861.  St.    John    Monthly    (Huntingdon).      12    S. 

viii.  326. 

1862.  Monthly  Intelligencer  (Birmingham).     6  S, 

x.  496. 

1863.  Chatham     House     Magazine     (Ramsgate), 

11  S.  ix.   509. 

1864.  Motley  (Liverpool).     No.  3,  Jan.    16.     4  S, 

x.  25. 
Broadsides,     or    the    Yorkshire    Charivari 

(Leeds).     No.   1,  May  14.      4  S.  x.  26. 
The    Arrow    (Liverpool).     Aug.    30.     4    S. 

ix.  479. 
Tomahawk   (Liverpool).     No.    1,   Nov.    19. 

4  S.  x.  25. 
1866.  The  Harlequin  (Oxford).     No.    1,  Mar.    10. 

4  S.  ix.   479. 
c.1866.  Forest   School   Magazine  (Walthamstow). 

4  S.  v.    14. 
i  1867.  Gridiron    (Birmingham).     4   S.    x.    26. 

1868.  The  Cambridge  University  Gazette.     Nos. 

1-32,  Oct.  28,  1868— Dec.  8,  1869.      6  S. 

xi.  62. 
The  Crow  (Chesterfield).     No.   1,  Sept.   19. 

4  S.  ix.  479. 

Jack  o'  Lantern  (Brighton).  4  S.  x.  26. 
Sheffield  Blade.  No.  1,  Nov.  11.  Ibid. 
Will-o'  -the-Wisp  (Brighton).  Ibid. 

1869.  Free  Lance  (Ipswich).     Ibid. 

Momus  (Cambridge).     Nos.  1-3.     6  S.  xi.  62. 
The  Uppingham  School  Magazine.     Vol.  7. 

12  S.  viii.   325. 

1870.  The     Moslem     in     Cambridge.     Nos.      1-3. 

Nov.  1870— April,  1871.      6  S.  xi.  62. 
i  1872.  Past. and  Present  (Brighton).     7  S.  iv.  111. 
i  1875.  Light  Greens.     No.  1,  July.     6  S.  xi.  62. 
I  1878.  The    Bramptonian    (Huntingdon).      12    S. 

viii.   327. 

Harrovian.      12  S.  viii.   325. 
Kinnibantum   Grammar   School   Magazine. 

(In  progress  1893.)      12  S.  viii.  326. 
1883.  The  True  Blue  (Cambridge).     No.    1,  Mar. 

6   S.   xi.    62. 
King's    School    Magazine  (Chester).     July, 

1885— Dec.,  1886.      8  S.  iv.  6. 
1890.  Prospect  House  Gazette  (St.  Neots).     No.  3, 

March.      12  S.  viii.   327. 
1895.  Ampleforth  Journal.      11  S.  x.   376. 
1910.  The  Huntingdonian  (Huntingdon).     No.  1. 

(In  progress.-)      12  S.  viii.  326. 
1914.   Ratcliffian  (Leicester).      1 1  S.  x.   413. 

Douai    Magazine    (Woolhampton).      11    S. 
x.  413. 

INDEXES  (NOTES). 
PART  I. 

ix.  (3).  For  Citizen,   1727,  40,  read  39. 

xi  (1).  For  Contracting  Magazine  read  Con- 
trasting. 

xii.  (2).  For  Daily  Advertiser,  1727,  read  1730. 

xxvii.  (2).  For  London  and  Country  Journal,  41, 
read  40. 

xlvii.  (1).  For  Useful  Intelligencer,  37,  read  36. 

xliii  (2).  Add  Standard,  89.  The  date  of  com- 
mencement is  given  (Part  I.  89)  as  Jan.  1,  1857, 
but  according  to  the  history  printed  in  12  S.  i. 
the  first  morning  issue  was  published  June  29, 
(12  S.  i.  381). 


214 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [  12  s.x.  MAR!  18,1022. 


xviii.  (3).  Add  Grand  Magazine  of  Magazines, 
1758,43. 

An  interesting  group  of  papers  on  p.  218 
has  escaped  indexing.  The  dates  are  those 
in  'T.L.'  :— 

Derby  Post-Man,  1720. 

Leeds  Mercury,   1720. 

Ludlow  Postman,   1719. 

Maidstone  Mercury,    1725. 

Manchester  Weekly  Journal,    1725. 

Northampton  Miscellany,    1721. 

Postmaster  (Exeter),    1720. 

Reading  Mercury,    1723. 

Suffolk  Mercury,    1717. 

Weekly  Mercury  (Norwich),  1721. 

The  following  misplacements  in  the  alpha- 
bets are  noticed  : — 

PART    I. 

Citizen,  pp.  ix.-x.  (6  entries),  placed  after 
'  City'  (58  entries). 

Cleave's   (3   entries)   after  '  Clerkenwell.'  ~™* 

Commentator  after  '  Commercial '  (26  entries). 

Mephystopheles  after  '  Mercury.'  Two  cols, 
from  its  proper  place. 

'Mercury'  to  'Merry'  (13  titles),  in  col.  1  of 
p.  xxix.  instead  of  col.  3. 

PART   II. 

'Eagle'  to  '  Easingwold  '  on  p.  x.,  instead  of 
beginning  letter  E  on  p.  ix. 

'  Hucknall  '  to  '  Huddersfield  '  after  Hull  (some 
40  entries). 

Sheffield  group  of  titles  (37)  follow  'Shuttle' 
in  col.  3,  p.  xxvii.,  instead  of  col.  2. 

ROLAND  AUSTIN. 

OXFORDSHIRE  MASONS  (12  S.  x.  89,  138, 
194). — A  correction.  Will  you  allow  me 
at  once  to  correct  the  date  of  marriage  of 
Martha  Beauchamp  with  Edward  Strong, 
sen.,  inadvertently  stated  by  me  to  ha\e 
been  c.  1677,  which  should  read  1675? 
Edward  Strong,  jun.,  the  eldest  child,  was 
born  Jan.  11,  1675/6. 

HENRY  CURTIS. 

COL.  MONTRESOR  OF  ..BELMONT  (12  S.  X. 
170). — The  exact  place  and  date  of  his 
death  are  somewhat  doubtful.  He  is 
believed  to  have  died  of  a  fever  on  June  17, 
1799,  and  was  certainly  buried  in  All 
Saints'  Church,  Maidstone,  on  June  19  (see 
The  Maidstone  Journal  for  June  18  and  25, 
1799,  and  burial  registers). 

It  has  frequently  been  stated  that  he 
died  in  Maidstone  Gaol  of  prison  fever,  but 
I  know  of  no  authority  for  this  statement. 
The  records  of  the  prison  for  the  years 
1790-99  were  searched  in  1892  and  no 
mention  of  his  name  as  a  prisoner  was 
found.  He  may  have  been  living  in 
Maidstone  under  surveillance. 


He  had  been  chief  engineer  in  America 
in  .1775,  and  his  accounts  in  respect  to  Army 
expenditure  failed  to  pass  the  Commissioners 
of  Public  Accounts.  From  1782  onwards 
to  1798  he  was  endeavouring  to  get  the 
accounts  audited  and  passed.  This  he 
failed  to  do,  and  as  he  declined  to  reimburse 
the  Treasury  his  estate  was  seized  after  a 
suit  in  the  Exchequer  Court. 

Belmont  was  advertised  for  sale  with  the 
rest  of  his  property,  and  I  have  a  copy  of  the 
printed  particulars  of  the  sale  on  May  19, 
1801.  All  the  lots  were  disposed  of  except 
Belmont. 

As  I  am  interested  in  the  above  I  should 
be  glad  of  MR.  HULBURD'S  reference  to  The 
Kentish  Gazette.  What  is  the  authority  for 
his  being  "  Colonel "  Montresor  ?  He  appears 
to  have  been  a  captain  on  his  retirement 
from  the  Army  in  March,  1779. 

The  accounts  were  not  finally  cleared  till 
the  year  1825.  *  F.  M.  M. 

Camberley. 

JOSUAH  SYLVESTER  AND  SOUTHAMPTON 
(12  S.  x.  161). — It  is,  I  think,  certain  that, 
as  suggested  at  the  above  reference,  "  the 
truely-honorable  Mistris  Cecilie  Nevil " 
was  the  daughter  of  "  the  right  noble,  ver- 
tuous  and  learned  lady,  the  Lady  Marie 
Nevil." 

The  evidence  is  stronger  than  the  REV.  C. 
F.  RUSSELL'S  statement  might  lead  one  to 
suppose.     According  to  him  the  1615  dedi- 
cation    of     Sylvester's     '  Auto-Machia '    to 
Cecilie  Nevil  includes  "  a  eulogistic  sonnet  " 
on  her  virtues,  "  describing  her  as  the  richly 
|  endowed  daughter  of  Minerva,"  Alia  Minerva 
I  being  given  as  the  anagram  of  Maria  Nevila 
in  the  1607  dedication  to  Lady  Mary. 

My  only  copy  of  Sylvester  is  the  1641 
edition  of  his  works.  In  this  the  dedica- 
tion to  Cecilie  on  p.  563  includes,  not  a 
sonnet  but,  six  rhyming  octosyllabic  couplets, 
line  10  of  which  is  : — 

True  Mirrour  of  MINERVA'S  Spirit. 
But   the   relationship   is  not  left  to    be    an 
inference    from    these    words.     The    poet, 
I  after  styling  his  dedicatee 

Fair  Heir  of  all  Your  MOTHERS  good 
(Wit,  Virtue,  Beauty,  Bounty,  Blood), 
includes  : — • 

Among  the  Honours  that  accrue, 
By  her  decease  divolv'd  to  You, 
Mine  humble  Service  and  This  Song, 
I  thus     clearly    stating    that    the    daughter 
|  succeeds     her    mother     as     patroness    and 
j  dedicatee.     If    further    proof    were    needed 


12  S.X.  MAR.  18,  1922.]  NOTES    AND    QUERIES. 


215 


we  have  only  to  open  John  Owen's  '  Epigram  - 
mata.'  The  very  first  lines  of  his  first  book 
are  addressed  to  Lady  Mary  Neville,  and  his 
seventh  epigram  is  'Ad  ejusdem  filiam, 
Caeciliam  Neville  ' 
Es  similis  Matri :  de  te  mihi  dicere  plura 

Xil  opus  est :  Matri  te  similem  esse,  sat  est. 
In  Ep.  iii.  10,  we  are  told  that  Lady  Mary  is 
the  daughter  of  the  Earl  of  Dorset. 

EDWARD  BENSLY. 

REFUSAL  TO  KOTOW  (12  S.  x.  168). — The 
incident  to  which  F.  A.  S.  refers  forms  the 
subject  of  '  The  Private  of  the  Buffs,'  in 
Sir  Francis  Hastings  Doyle's  '  The  Return 
of  the  Guards  and  other  Poems  '  (1866),  pp. 
105-107.  There  was  a  second  edition  of 
the  book  in  1883.  The  poem  in  question 
is  introduced  by  the  following  extract  : — • 

Some  Seiks,  and  a  private  of  the  Buffs,  having 
remained  behind  with  the  grog-carts,  fell  into  the 
hands  of  the  Chinese.  On  the  next  morning 
they  were  brought  before  the  authorities,  and 
commanded  to  perform  the  kotou.  The  Seiks 
obeyed  ;  but  Moyse,  the  English  soldier,  declaring 
that  he  would  not  prostrate  himself  before  any 
Chinaman  alive,  was  immediately  knocked  upon 
the  head,  and  his  body  thrown  on  a  dunghill. — 
See  China  Correspondent  of  the  "  Times." 

There  is  no  date  to  this,  and  none  is  added 
to  the  statement  that  "  this  Poem  first 
appeared  in  Macmillarfs  Magazine." 

A  clue,  however,  is  given  in  lines  5-8, 
To-day,  beneath  the  foeman's  frown, 

He  stands  in  Elgin's  place, 
Ambassador  from  Britain's  crown, 
And  type  of  all  her  race. 

According  to  the  '  Index  and  Epitome  ' 
of  the  '  D.N.B.,'  James  Bruce,  eighth  Earl 
of  Elgin  (1811-1863),  was  envoy  to  China 
in  1857,  negotiated  the  treaty  of  Tientsin 
in  1858,  and  was  again  envoy  to  China  in 
1860-1.  Macmillan's  Magazine  was  born 
in  November,  1859.  EDWARD  BENSLY. 

[MR.  J.  B.  WHITMOBE  mentions  that  '  The 
Private  of  the  Buffs  '  (the  East  Kent  Regiment) 
will  be  found  in  Palgrave's  '  Golden  Treasury 
of  Songs  and  Lyrics  ' — second  series — and  that 
in  the  note  given  there  the  incident  is  referred 
to  the  English  campaign  of  I860.] 

PORTRAITS  BY  VAN  DYCK  (12  S.  x.  150).— 
The  picture  by  Van  Dyck  representing 
two  young  cavaliers  was  engraved  in 
mezzotint  by  James  McArdell  (1729  ?-1765). 
That  engraving  bears  the  following  in- 
scription : — 

Vandyke  Pinxt.  Js  McArdell  fecit.  Lord 
John  &  Lord  Bernard  Stuart  Sons  of  Esme 
Duke  of  Lenox. 

Done  from  the  Original  in  the  Collection  of  the 
Right  Honble  Lord  Royston  &  the  Marchioness 
Grey. 


Richard  Thompson  (who  died,  according 
to  Redgrave,  in  1693)  published  an  anony- 
mous mezzotint  of  the  same  two  subjects, 
but  from  a  picture  in  the  collection  of  the 
Earl  of  Kent  (Guiffrey,  87 3 A).  It  is  in- 
scribed : — 

Ant.  Van  Dyck  Eques  pinxit.  Collection 
Earle  of  Kent.  R.  Thompson  exct.  The  Lord 
lohn  and  ye  Lord  Bernard  Stuart  ye  youngest 
Sons  of  Esme  Duke  of  Lenox. 

If  anyone  will  take  the  trouble  to  com- 
pare either  of  these  engravings  with  the 
mezzotint  by  McArdell  after  Van  Dyck  of 
George  Villiers,  second  Duke  of  Buckingham, 
and  his  brother,  Lord  Francis  Villiers,  done 
after  the  picture  in  the  King's  collection 
at  Windsor  (Guiffrey,  421),  I  think  he  will 
come  to  the  conclusion  that  the  two  boys 
in  this  latter  picture  are  the  same  two  boys 
as  those  who  are  represented,  at  a  later 
age,  in  the  picture  in  the  National  Gallery. 

The  portrait  by  Van  Dyck  of  Jane 
(Goodwin),  second  wife  of  Philip,  Lord 
Wharton,  now  at  Chatsworth,  was  engraved 
in  line  by  P.  van  Gunst.  There  is  an  im- 
pression in  the  British  Museum. 

Josiah  Boydell  engraved,  in  mezzotint, 
after  Van  Dyck,  a  portrait  of  Jane  Goodwin 
(born  Wenman),  wife  of  Arthur  Goodwin, 
M.P.,  of  Upper  Winchendon,  Bucks.  The 
original  picture  is  (or  was)  in  the  Hermitage 
Gallery,  Petrograd.  It  was  formerly  in  the 
Houghton  Gallery.  J.  C. 

This  portrait  of  '  Two  Young  Cavaliers  ' 
was  mezzotinted  by  J.  McArdell,  an  impres- 
sion being  before  me  whilst  writing  this.  The 
plate  bears  the  inscription,  "  Lord  John  and 
Lord  Bernard  Stuart,  sons  of  Esme,  Duke 
of  Lenox."  I  understand  that  the  picture 
has  also  been  reproduced  by  some  later 
engraver,  whose  name  I  do  not  know  and 
whose  work  I  have  not  seen. 

W.  KEMP-WELCH. 

Edward  Evans's  *  Catalogue  of  Engraved 
Portraits  '  (n.d.,  c.  1835),  has  "  Wharton, 
Lady,  wife  of  Philip,  Lord.  Whole  length, 
when  Jane  Goodwin.  Folio.  Vandyke — 
Gunst."  The  surname  is  given  as  "  God- 
win "  in  Slater's  *  Engravings,'  and  as 
"  Goodwin "  in  Bryan's  '  Dictionary  of 
Painters,'  &c.  The  engraver,  Pieter  van 
Gunst,  lived  c.  1667-1724.  W.  B.  H. 

OFFICE  OF  MAYOR  :  PLACE  OF  WORSHIP 
(12  S.  x.  131).— I  do  not  know  what  the 
usual  custom  is  as  regards  the  last  Sunday  of 
office,  but  in  many  county  towns  I  think 
that  the  mayor  and  corporation  usually 


216 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [»s.x.HAi«.i8.i»M. 


attend  the  Parish  Church  on  the  first  Sunday, 
or  as  soon  after  the  election  of  the  mayor  as 
convenient  for  him  to  appear  in  robes.  In 
places  where  one  robe  does  duty  for  all 
mayors,  short  or  tall,  the  postponement  is 
not  necessary. 

The  Shrewsbury  corporation  went  (I  pre- 
sume it  still  goes)  on  a  Sunday,  I  think  the 
second  after  the  election  of  the  mayor,  to 
St.  Chad's  Church.  I  believe  I  am  right  in 
stating  that  the  Mayor  of  Ludlow,  or  his 
deputy,  attended  the  Parish  Church  every 
Sunday,  accompanied  by  the  mace-bearers 
and  a  few  of  the  corporation. 

It  is  probable  that,  in  these  so-called  en- 
lightened days,  when  old  customs  are  cried 
down,  this  procedure  no  longer  exists. 

In  towns  in  which  a  mayor  is  a  Non- 
conformist it  often  happens  that  he  goes  on 
the  earliest  opportunity,  with  the  corpora- 
tion, to  his  particular  place  of  worship.  I 
know  this  is  so  in  Newport,  Mon.  In  the 
past,  in  most  places,  the  mayor,  if  a  Non- 
conformist, generally  went  to  the  Parish 
Church.  I  well  remember,  in  one  town,  the 
aldermen — at  least  the  most  important  of 
them — stating  they  would  not  let  the  maces 
and  State  sword  be  taken  into  a  church  not 
belonging  to  the  National  Church.  We  are 
more  tolerant  in  these  days. 

HERBERT  SOUTHAM. 

THE  "  HAND  AND  PEN  "  (12  S.  x.  168).— 
This  sign  was  usually  displayed  by  scriveners, 
occasionally  it  adorned  the  doors  of  "  Fleet 
parsons."  The  fact  that,  two  centuries  ago, 
a  letter  was  addressed  from  a  house  with  a 
sign  does  not  necessarily  indicate  that  it 
was  indited  at  a  tavern.  Many  tradesmen 
let  their  "  first  pair  of  stairs  "  to  lodgers, 
especially  during  the  Parliamentary  session, 
when  country  members  brought  their 
families  to  town. 

On  Nov.  25,  1740,  Edward  Young  wrote 
to  the  Duchess  of  Portland  from  "  The 
3  Golden  Lions  by  Temple  Bar,"  and  in 
December  from  "  The  3  Sphinxes,  Temple 
Bar."  On  March  31,  1741,  Johnson, 
writing  to  Mr.  Lewis  Paul  of  Birmingham, 
addressed  from  "  At  the  Black  Boy,  over 
against  Durham  Yard,  Strand."  Without 
further  evidence  I  have  not  felt  justified  in 
including  any  of  these  in  the  lists  of  inns  and 
taverns.  J.  PAUL.  DE  CASTRO. 

"SOWMOYS"  (12  S.  x.  167).— This  is 
doubtless  a  variant  of  the  obsolete  north- 
country  word  sowmes  =  traces  used  in  plough- 
ing, generally  made  of  iron  (see  Halli  well's 


'  Diet,  of  Archaic  and  Provincial  Words ' 
and  Wright's  '  Diet,  of  Obsolete  and  Pro- 
vincial English').  ROBERT  GOWER. 

The  'N.E.D.,'  under  the  word  "souni," 
defines  this  as  the  amount  of  pasturage 
which  will  support  one  cow,  or  a  propor- 
tional number  of  sheep  or  other  stock.  The 
first  quotation  given  to  illustrate  this 
meaning  is  the  very  passage  quoted  by 
Q.  V.  from  the  Roll  of  the  Great  Seal  of 
Scotland,  1500.  T.  F.  D. 

PSEUDO -TITLES     FOR      "  DUMMY  "      BOOKS 

(12  S.  x.  129,  173,  197).— Under  this  title, 
ought  not  those  chess  and  draughts  boards  to 
be  included,  that  were  made  up  to  look  like 
books  1  I  can  remember  a  chess-board  that, 
when  standing  on  a  book-shelf,  appeared 
to  be  two  bound  volumes.  It  was  lettered 
'  History  of  England,'  vol.  i.  and  vol.  ii. 
I  know  of  a  similar  "  dummy "  back- 
gammon board,  lettered  on  the  back 
'  Arabian  Nights  Entertainment,'  vol.  i. 
and  vol.  ii.  I  cannot  find  that  this  form 
of  "  dummy  "  book  is  made  at  the  present 
day.  ETHELBERT  HORNE. 

PILATE'S  WIFE  (12  S.  x.  150).— For  the 
traditional  name  of  Pilate's  wife,  Claudia 
Procula,  I  find  a  reference  to  the  Gospel  of 
Nicodemus  ii. 

The  question  of  Roman  Governors  being 
accompanied  to  their  provinces  by  their 
wives  is  illustrated  by  two  passages  of 
Tacitus.  In  the  third  book  of  the  Annals, 
chaps.  33  and  34,  there  is  an  account  of  a 
debate  in  the  Roman  Senate  in  A.D.  21,  when 
Aulus  Csecina  Severus  proposed  that  no 
magistrate  in  command  of  a  province  should 
be  allowed  to  take  his  wife  out  with  him. 
Cae cina  began  his  speech  by  explaining 
at  great  length,  as  Tacitus  tells  us  with  an 
evident  sense  of  humour,  that  he  was  on 
excellent  terms  with  his  own  wife,  who  had 
brought  him  six  children,  and  that  he  had 
made  her  stay  ;in  Italy,  though  he  had  served 
abroad  for  40  years.  He  referred  in  the 
course  of  his  argument  to  a  former  decision 
by  which  men  were  not  to  take  their  wives  to 
allied  or  foreign  nations.  On  this  Furneaux 
has  the  following  note  in  his  edition  of  the 
Annals  : — 

The  old  rule  (cp.  M.  Sen.  Controy.  9,  25,  251), 
though  it  had  such  signal  exceptions  as  Livia, 
Agrippina,  Plancina,  &c.,  was  still  on  the  whole 
prevalent  (cp.  Suet.  Aug.  24).  Ulpian  (Dig.  i.  16, 
4,  2),  while  stating  that  the  wife  might  go  with  her 
husband  to  a  province,  thinks  he  would  be  better 
without  her,  and  mentions  the  decree  (see  on 
'  Annals '  4,  20,  6)  making  him  responsible  for  her 


i2s.x.MAR.i8,i922.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


217 


conduct.  The  wife  of  Pilate  was  with  him  (Matt. 
27,  19),  Brasilia  with  Felix  (Acts  24,  24),  Calpurnia 
with  Pliny  (Epp.  10,  120,  121). 

Csecina  failed  to  carry  his  motion. 

In  Annals,  iv.  20,  we  read  of  a  proposal 
introduced  in  the  Senate  by  Cotta  Messalinus 
to  the  effect  that  magistrates,  though  guilt- 
less themselves  and  having  no  knowledge  of 
the  offence,  should  be  punished  for  their 
wives'  illegal  acts  in  the  provinces,  just  as  if 
they  had  personally  committed  them.  This 
is  given  by  Tacitus  among  the  events  of 
A.D.  24.  Furneaux  notes  that 

This  decree  was  still  in  force  in  the  time  of  ! 
Ulpian,  who  dates  it  (Dig.  i.  16,  4,  2)  in  the  year  of  ! 
Cotta's  consulship  [A.D.  10]. 

I  know  of  no  authority  for  the  wife's  mis- 
conduct   necessarily    involving    the    severe 
penalty   suggested   by   MB.    SOULBY'S    last! 
question.     Under  the  Empire,  exile  and  ai 
fine  were  the  usual  punishments  for  oppres-  i 
sion  in  the  provinces  ;  a  death-sentence  was 
exceptional.  EDWARD  BENSLY. 

Much  Hadham,  Herts. 

Her  name,  Claudia  Procula,  is,  I  believe,  j 
first  given  in  the  Gospel  of  Nicodemus,  j 
but  I  am  not  in  a  position  to  verify  this  refer- 
ence. As  to  the  general  question  of  pro- 
vincial governors  taking  their  wives  with 
them,  our  extant  first-hand  information 
comes  from  the  Annals  of  Tacitus,  and 
from  Ulpian.  In  A.U.C.  773,  A.D.  20,  the 
consuls  (Annals,  iii.  2,  5)  were  M.  Valerius 
and  M.  Aurelius,  concerning  whom  Furneaux' s 
note  ('Annals  of  Tacitus,'  vol.  1,  p.  357) 
runs  : — 

The  first  of  these  is  son  of  the  person  mentioned 
in  i.  8,  5,  and,  like  his  father,  has  the  cognomen 
*'  Messala"  (Dio,  Arg.  to  B.  57),  or  "  Messalinus." 
The  other  is  styled  by  Dio  (1.1.)  "  M.  Aurelius  M. 
f .  Cotta,"  and  is  generally  taken  to  be  the  Cotta 
Messalinus  of  ii.  32,  2,  &c.  (of  whom  no  other  con- 
sulship is  recorded).  The  first  consul  would  thus 
be  nephew  of  the  second. 

In  A.U.C.  777,  A.D.  24,  as  Tacitus  informs 
us  (Annals,  iv.  20,  6),  Messalinus  Cotta 
proposed  that  the  Senate  should  pass  aj 
decree  providing  that  provincial  governors, 
however  innocent  themselves,  and  however 
unacquainted  with  the  mismanagement  of 
others,  should  be  punished  for  their  wives' 
offences  committed  in  the  provinces,  as 
much  as  for  their  own.  On  this  Furneaux 
observes  (p.  470)  that  "  This  decree  was  still 
in  force  in  the  time  of  Ulpian,  who  dates  it 
(Dig.  i.  16,  4,  2)  in  the  year  of  Cotta's  Con- 
sulship." 

It  appears  from  a  debate  held  in  the 
Senate  in  A.U.C.  774,  A.D.  21,  that  by  that 
time  the  old  rule  that  women  were  not  to 


go  to  allied  or  foreign  countries  had  fallen 
into  desuetude,  and  the  proposal  of  Severus 
Cfecina  that  it  should  be  revived  was  de- 
feated (Annals,  iii.  33-5).  When  Livia 
went  abroad  with  Augustus  it  was  considered 
odd  (Suetonius,  '  Aug.'  24),  but  in  the  N.T. 
we  find  not  only  Pilate's  wife  mentioned,  but 
in  Acts  xxiv.  24,  Drusilla,  the  wife  of  Felix, 
procurator  of  Judsea,  though  of  course  she 
was  a  daughter  of  Herod  Agrippa  I. 

'Agrippina,  the  divorced  wife  of  the  Em- 
peror 1  iberius,  accompanied  her  second  hus- 
band, Germanicus,  to  Syria,  and,  when  he 
was  poisoned  at  Daphne  by  Piso  in  A.D.  19, 
she  brought  his  ashes  back  to  Italy.  Piso, 
too,  had  his  wife  Plancina  with  him. 

The  younger  Pliny,  also,  took  his  wife  Cal- 
purnia with  him  when  he  was  proconsul  of 
Pontus  and  Bithynia  (Epp.  x.  120,  121). 

Mgr.  A.  S.  Barnes,  writing  in  the  '  Catholic 
Encyclopedia  '  on  Pontius  Pilate,  says  : — 

The  Abyssinian  Church  reckons  him  as  a  saint, 
and  assigns  25  June  to  him  and  to  Claudia  Procula, 
his  wife.  The  belief  that  she  became  a  Christian 
goes  back  to  the  second  century,  and  may  be 
found  in  Origen  (Horn,  in  Mat.  xxxv.).  The 
Greek  Church  assigns  her  a  feast  on  27  October. 

JOHN  B.  WAINE  WRIGHT. 

PICTURES  IN  THE  HERMITAGE  AT  PETRO- 
GRAD  (12  S.  ix.  528;  x.  114,  175).— In 
the  list  of  Murillo's  pictures  in  Calvert's 
'  Murillo,'  published  by  the  Bodley  Head, 
there  are  two  pictures,  No.  31,  '  Flight  into 
Egypt,'  and  No.  35,  '  Repose  during  the 
Flight  into  Egypt.'  A  few  months  ago, 
when  I  was  in  England,  a  printseller  showed 
me  a  reproduction  of,  I  think,  the  latter  (but 
it  may  have  been  the  former),  and  told  me 
that  the  original  was  in  the  Glasgow  Gallery, 
although  I  declared  that  it,  at  any  rate,  had 
been  in  the  Petrograd  Hermitage,  but  I 
omitted  to  verify  his  statement.  And  if  such 
is  a  fact,  I  do  not  know  when  the  picture 
may  have  been  transferred. 

E.  A.  G.  STUART. 

Kedah,  Malay  States. 

NIGGER  MINSTRELSY  (12  S.  x.  169). — I 
do  not  know  on  what  authority  the  writer 
in  The  Evening  Standard  based  his  assertion 
that  Mr.  Gladstone  "  became  proficient  on 
the  banjo,"  not  that  it  would  require  any 
great  proficiency  to  vamp  an  accompani- 
ment for  the  old  song  '  Camptown  Races.' 
The  two  or  three  chords  necessary  for  this 
purpose  could  be  readily  mastered  by 
anyone  with  an  ear  for  music  in  half  an  hour 
or  less. 

The    legend    is    probably    based    on    the 


218 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [12  s.x.  MAR  is,  1022. 


following  passage  in  '  Memoirs  of  an  Ex- 
Minister,'  an  autobiography  by  the  Earl 
of  Malmesburv  (1884),  quoted  in  chap, 
vi.  of  'The  Rt.  Hon.  W.  E.  Gladstone,' 
by  the  late  George  W.  E.  Russell : — - 

Gladstone,  who  was  always  fond  of  music,  is 
now  quite  enthusiastic  about  negro  melodies, 
singing  them  with  the  greatest  spirit  and  enjoy- 
ment, never  leaving  out  a  verse,  and  evidently 
preferring  such  as  Camp  town  Races. 

This  song  was  much  in  vogue  in  the  early 
sixties,  and  as  "  the  Grand  Old  Man  "  appears 
to  have  appreciated  it,  it  may  be  permissible 
to  give  the  words : — 

De  Camptown  ladies  sing  dis  song — 

Doo-dah  !  doo-dah  ! 
De  Camptown  race-track  five  miles  long- — 

Oh  !  doo-dah-day  ! 
I  came  down  dah  wid  my  hat  cav'd  in — 

Doo-dah  !  doo-dah  ! 

I  go  back  home  wid  a  pocket  full  ob  tin — 
Oh  !  doo-dah-day  ! 

CHORUS. 

Gwine  to  run  all  night ! 
Gwine  to  run  all  day  ! 
I'll  bet  my  money  on  de  bob-tail  nag — 
Somebody  bet  on  de  bay. 

De  long-tail  filly  and  de  big  black  hoss — 

Doo-dah  !  doo-dah  ! 
Dey  fly  de  track  and  dey  both  cut  across — 

Oh  !  doo-dah-day  ! 
De  blind  hoss  sticken  in  a  big  bog-hole — 

Doo-dah  !  doo-dah  ! 
Can't  touch  de  bottom  wid  a  ten-foot  pole— 

Oh  !  doo-dah-day  ! 
(Chorus.) 

Old  muley  cow  came  on  to  de  track — 

Doo-dah  !  doo-dah  ! 
De  bob-tail  fling  her  ober  him  back — 

Oh  !  doo-dah-day  ! 
Den  fly  along  like  a  railroad  car — 

Doo-dah  !  doo-dah  ! 
Bunnin'  a  race  wid  a  shootin'  star — 

Oh  !  doo-dah-day  ! 
(Chorus.) 

Other  versions  and  perversions  figured 
in  the  old  penny  song  sheets,  Jbut  the  above 
are  taken  from  the  "  copyright  edition " 
of  the  song.  WILLOTJGHBY  MAYCOCK. 

The  correct  title  of  the  song  mentioned 
by  COLONEL  SOUTH  AM  is  '  Camptown 
Races  ;  or,  Gwine  to  run  all  Night.'  I 
enclose  a  copy  of  the  words  [ut  supra,  with 
final  verse  as  follows]  : — 

See  dem  flyin'  on  a  ten-mile  heat — 

Doo-dah  !  doo-dah  ! 
Bound  de  race-track,  den  repeat — 

Oh  !  doo-dah-day  ! 
I  win  my  money  on  de  bob -tail  nag — 

Doo-dah  !  doo-dah  ! 
I  keep  my  money  in  an  old  tow  bag — 

Oh  !  doo-dah-day  ! 
(Chorus.) 


The  song  was  written  and  composed  by 
S.  C.  Foster  (1826-64),  the  author  of  many 
minstrel  songs,  amongst  them  '  Poor  Old 
Joe,'  '  Old  Folks  at  Home,'  '  Nelly  Ely,' 
'  My  Old  Kentucky  Home,'  '  Uncle  Ned,' 
and  '  Hard  Times  come  again  no  more.' 

F.  J.  A. 

'  Camptown  Races  '  with  its  haunting 
refrain,  "  Doo-dah  !  doo-dah-day  !  "  is 
among  my  earliest  recollections,  as  being 
sung  or  whistled  by  everybody  from  states- 
men to  stable-boys,  just  about  the  time  of 
the  outbreak  of  the  American  Civil  War. 
My  remembrance  of  the  first  verse  is  [ut 
supra]. 

As  is  the  case  with  all  these  "  plantation 
songs  "  of  the  immediate  ante-bellum  period 
in  the  United  States,  a  number  of  different 
versions  can  be  produced ;  and  the  one 
nearest  to  my  own  recollection  is  in  '  The 
Scottish  Student's  Song-book,'  published 
in  1898.  How  permanent  is  the  memory 
of  the  old  ditty  and  how  increafirgly 
divergent  the  various  versions  promise  to 
become  can  be  illustrated  by  the  fact  that, 
in  an  instalment  of  a  serial  story,  '  If  Winter 
Comes,'  by  A.  J.  M.  Hutchinson,  published 
in  the  issue  for  March,  1921,  of  Everybody's 
Magazine,  a  New  York  periodical,  there  is  a 
description  of  the  marching  away  to  the 
war  of  a  British  regiment  in  the  earliest 
days  of  the  great  struggle  of  1914,  wherein 
the  band,  taking  them  to  the  station,  bur.jt 
into  the  Pinks'  familiar  quickstep: — 

The  Camptown  races  are  five  miles  long — 
Doo-da  !  doo-da  ! 

The  Camptown  races  are  five  miles  long — 
Doo-da  !  doo-da-day  ! 

Gwine  to  run  all  night ! 

Gwine  to  run  all  day! 

I  bet  my  money  on  the  bob-tail  nag — 

Somebody  bet  on  the  bay  ! 

ALFRED  ROBBINS. 

The  reference  in  The  Evening  Standard  to 
"  Darktown  "  probably  arose  from  the 
issue,  in  later  years,  of  a  series  of  comic 
illustrations  relating  to  negro  life,  under 
the  title  '  Darktown,'  e.g.,  the  '  Darktown 
Fire  Brigade,'  which  is  the  only  one  I  can 
remember,  but  there  were  many  others. 
G.  W.  YOUNGER. 

2,  Mecklenburgh  Square,  W.C.I. 

[MB.  ARCHIBALD  SPARKB  mentions  that  the 
'  Scottish  Student's  Song-book  '  is  published  by 
Bayley  and  Ferguson.] 

EWEN  :  COAT  OF  ARMS  (12  S.  x.  94, 158). — 
There  is  no  church  of  Herne  in  Essex. 
Herne,  or  Heron  (both  names  are  given  in 


IIS.X.MAB.IS.IUI.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


219 


the  histories  of  Essex),  is  a  manor  in  the 
parish  of  East  Horndon,  held  for  many 
centuries  by  the  Tyrell  family.  I  have 
referred  to  my  copies  of  Salmon,  Morant, 
Wright  and  other  histories  of  Essex,  also 
to  my  MS.  notes,  &c.,  but  find  no  mention 
of  the  name  Ewen  in  connexion  with  East 
Horndon.  WILLIAM  GILBERT,  M.S. A. 

CADBY  (12  S.  x.  168). — The  following  ex- 
tracts are  from  The  Illustrated  London 
News  : — 

1.  Mr.    Cadby,    Mr.    Hopkinson,    and    Messrs. 
Oetzmann  and  Plumb  exhibit  various  grand  and 
cottage  pianos  (June  14,  1862). 

2.  In  the  East  Dome  a  performance  by  Mr. 
Barnett  on  Cadby's  piano  (July  12,  1862). 

3.  In    conjunction    with    a    performance    on 
Cadby's  pianoforte  there  is   some  very  pleasing, 
and  indeed  skilful  playing   on  the  concertina  by 
the  Misses  Lachenal  (Sept.  6,  1862). 

The  reference  in  each  case  is,  of  course, 
to  the  International  Exhibition. 

F.  H.  C. 

Cadby  was  a  manufacturer  of  pianos  who 
made  a  considerable  fortune  in  the  business, 
very  largely  by  making  for  the  trade.  That 
is,  he  made  the  pianos  and  smaller  dealers 
and  retailers  had  their  names  marked  on 
them.  Cadby  Hall  was  built  for  a  showroom, 
but  I  believe  this  was  after  the  death  of 
Cadby. 

I  remember  calling,  when  I  was  a  little 
boy,  some  50  years  or  more  ago,  with  my 
father,  on  Mr.  Cadby,  who  lived  in  a  fine 
old-fashioned  house  with  a  large  garden  full 
of  fruit,  at  Margate.  This  was  just  before 
his  death.  W.  B.  S. 

AMERICAN  HUMORISTS  :  CAPT.  G.  H. 
DERBY  (12  S.  ix.  353,  394,  491,  535  ;  x.  154). 
— MR.  GEORGE  MERRYWEATHER'S  explanation 
of  the  supposed  error  of  title  to  the  frontis- 
piece portrait  of  Washington  in  the  first 
edition  (1865)  of  the  '  Squibob  Papers'  is 
quite  reasonable  and  possibly  correct,  but 
it  is  difficult  to  understand  how  it  is  further 
described  in  the  list  of  illustrations  to  the 
book  as  'Portrait  of  G.  Washington.'  I 
am  familiar  with  an  engraved  portrait  of 
General  Washington,  published  in  1818,  at 
the  Shakespeare  Press  at  Wigan,  and  pre- 
sented with  an  early  part  of  a  'History  of 
America,'  as  well  as  with  earlier  portraits. 
To  none  of  these  does  the  Squibob  "por- 
trait "  bear  any  resemblance.  My  copy  of 
the  '  Papers '  bears  the  signature  of  a 
former  owner,  "  G.  L.  Cain,  New  Orleans," 
and  from  the  similarity  of  the  handwriting 
this  person  appears  to  have  corrected  the 


title  of  the  "  side  elevation "  portrait  by 
writing  the  name  "  Butler  "  (a  commander 
of  the  Federal  Army  during  the  Civil  War, 
1860-4)  over  that  of  Washington.  I  can 
understand  General  Butler  as  a  fitting 
subject  for  caricature,  but  not  Washington. 

X.  T.  R. 

COLONEL  GORDON,  R.E.,  IN  THE  CRIMEA 
(12  S.  x.  169).— The  Colonel  Gordon  whose 
portrait  is  in  the  '  Series  of  Historical 
Portraits  photographed  in  the  Crimea,  1855,' 
by  Roger  Fenton,  would  be  Sir  John  William 
Gordon  (1805-1870),  who  on  the  outbreak  of 
the  Crimean  War  was  at  once  sent  there, 
was  present  at  the  Battles  of  Alma  and 
Inkermann,  and  was  director  of  the  right 
attack  during  the  early  days  of  the  siege. 
A  month  after  the  siege  commenced,  owing 
to  several  casualties,  Gordon  was  made 
C.R.E.,  and  held  this  position  until  the 
arrival  of  Sir  Harry  Jones.  He  was  particu- 
larly well  known,  and  "  Gordon  of  Gordon's 
Battery  "  was  a  name  known  wherever  an 
English  newspaper  penetrated. 

ARCHIBALD    SPARSE. 

ENGLISH  WRITERS  (12  S.  ix.  371).  — 
James  Greenwood,  "  The  Amateur  Casual." 
Though  a  very  old  man — a  nonagenarian, 
I  believe — he  was  still  alive  in  a  "  home  " 
a  few  weeks  ago,  and  subsisting  on  little 
more  than  an  old  age  pension  and  the  charity 
of  a  few  faithful  friends. 

WlLLOUGHBY  MAYCOCK. 

SAVERY  FAMILY  BOOKPLATES  (12  S. 
x.  131). — The  wife  of  Charles  Savery  was 
Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Andrew  Edwards 
Butler  of  Caerleon.  They  were  married 
June  1,  1819  (Cambrian).  The  Butler 
family  were  resident  at  Caerleon  for  many 
years  and  were  maltsters.  John  Butler, 
grandfather  of  Andrew  Edwards  Butler, 
made  his  will  May  31,  1768.  A  son  of 
Charles  Savery  and  Elizabeth  was  the  late 
Almericus  Blakeney  Savery  of  Monmouth, 
a  magistrate  for  the  county  and  formerly  a 
captain  in  the  R.  Monmouthshire  Militia. 

J.  B. 

"TlME    WITH   A    GIFT    OF    TEARS  "       (12    S. 

x.  18,  54,  96). — Swinburne  certainly  did 
not  correct  his  work  to  any  great  extent  after 
it  was  first  written,  but  I  have  MSS.  of  his 
that  show  that  he  did  correct  and  make 
additions,  and  he  frequently  altered  his 
poems  when  they  were  reprinted. 

W.  B.  S. 


220 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        i  12  S.X.MAK.  15,1922. 


on 

An    Introduction    to    Ecclesiastical    Latin.        By 

H.  P.  V.  Nunn.     (Cambridge  University  Press. 

6s.  net.) 

THIS  book  deserves  a  hearty  welcome  :  in  fact 
it  has  been,  in  our  opinion,  needed  for  a  long  time. 
To  relinquish  Latin  is  to  relinquish  one  of  the 
fairest  portions  of  one's  inheritance.  A  language 
which  was  the  common  speech  and  common 
writing  of  men  for  so  many  centuries  cannot 
present  any  insuperable  difficulties.  Yet  so 
awkwardly  has  Latin  been  treated  in  the  schools 
that  it  is  supposed — with  Greek— almost  to  re- 
quire a  special  faculty  for  its  acquisition.  The 
first  reform  required  is  the  use  of  easy  Latin  for 
reading — of  authors  who  are  more  intent  upon  the 
matter  than  upon  the  manner  of  their  writing. 
The  great  body  of  literature  of  this  kind  in  Latin 
is  to  be  found  in  ecclesiastical  works.  In  these 
one  may  often  note  with  surprise  how  nearly 
Latin  can  approximate  to  modern  speech.  In 
them,  too,  lives  and  vibrates  an  energy  not,  in 
itself,  inferior  to  the  vitality  of  the  classics.  The 
writer  of  these  words  still  piously  remembers  the 
advice  of  Professor  Henry  Nettleship  to  read  the 
Fathers.  The  scholars  of  the  Renaissance  could 
not  have  enjoyed  classical  Latin  as  they  did  if 
they  had  not  had  a  familiarity  with  the  language 
almost  like  that  with  their  mother  tongue.  In 
their  zeal  for  pure  Latinity  they  started  an  un- 
fortunate tradition  which  has  made  the  learner 
of  Latin  begin  at  the  end  rather  than  the  beginning, 
has  rendered  all  use  of  or  pleasure  in  Latin 
"  precious,"  and  to  a  great  extent  enfeebled 
interest  in  it. 

Mr.  Nunn's  book  is  an  excellent  summary  of 
the  grammar  of  Ecclesiastical  Latin,  illustrated 
chiefly  from  the  Vulgate,  chosen  for  the  purpose 
because  it  is  the  easiest  and  most  accessible  Latin 
book.  The  learner  is  warned  not  to  take  the 
Vulgate  for  a  classic  in  the  sense  in  which  our 
Authorized  Version  is  to  be  so  taken. 

Comparisons  and  contrasts  with  classical  Latin 
are  briefly  noted  :  and  Mr.  Nunn  shows  skill  in 
conjecturing  and  providing  against  common  mis- 
takes. Extracts  follow  from  nine  ecclesiastical 
writers,  beginning  with  St.  Perpetua  and  ending 
with  Thomas  a  Kempis.  This  part  of  the  book 
might  perhaps  have  been  extended. 

Archaeologia  Aeliana.     Third  Series.     Vol.  xviii. 

(Published   by  the  Society  of  Antiquaries   of 

Newcastle-upon-Tyne.) 

MR.  ALLEN  MAWER'S  recently  published  work  on  I 
the  Place-names  of  Northumberland,   which  we  ! 
reviewed  at  12  S.  yiii.  39,  has  ensured  a  respectful  : 
attention  to  anything  he  has  to  say  on  this  subject,  j 
His  article  in  the  new  Archaeologia  Aeliana  gives 
a  summary  view  of  the  present  state  of  knowledge 
and  of  his  own  opinions.     He  erects  into  a  matter 
of  interesting  speculation  the  difference  of  treat- 
ment  between    place-names    of    settlements    and 
towns,  and  names  of  natural  features.     The  first 
article  contributed  by  Mr.   Hamilton  Thompson 
tells  about  the  parish  churches  of  Northumber- 
land, a  subject  specially  worth  attention  from  the 
beginner    in    architecture    because    the    beauties 
.and  merits  of  the  old  Northumbrian  churches  are  ! 
to  be  sought  in  their  construction,  not  in  their  I 


ornament.  This  article  is  well  illustrated.  Mr. 
Hamitpn  Thompson's  second  paper  is  on  the 
visitation  of  the  diocese  of  Durham  carried '  out 
by  Archbishop  Savage  during  the  vacancy  of  the 
See  in  1501.  We  noted  one  passage  :  "  Vicars 
were  also,  in  defiance  of  canon  law,  occasionally 
non-resident.  The  vicar  of  St.  Nicholas,  for 
example,  was  at  his  studies  at  Cambridge  ;  there 
was,  however,  a  parish  chaplain.  .  .  ."  Is 
this  a  case  of  a  clerk's  having  received  a  licence 
from  his  bishop  to  leave  his  church  for  the  purpose 
of  study  ?  Possibly  the  '  Alumni  Cantabrigienses  ' 
has  garnered  something  on  the  subject  from  the 
Episcopal  Register  of  Richard  Foxe,  who  had  been 
translated  from  Durham  to  Winchester.  A  third 
paper  by  the  same  writer  is  a  most  careful  and 
interesting  account  of  the  books  of  the  Com- 
panies of  Glovers  and  Skinners  of  Newcastle-upon- 
Tyne,  to  which  are  appended  the  orders  of  the 
Company  of  Glovers  and  copious  extracts  from 
their  account-books.  The  Shawdon  Court  Rolls 
are  dealt  with  by  Mr.  J.  C.  Hodgson,  who  also 
works  out  the  history  of  the  manor  of  Bitchfield  ; 
the  accompanying  study  of  Bitchfield  Tower  with 
plan  and  illustrations  is  by  Mr.  J.  Oswald  and 
Mr.  W.  Parker  Brewis.  The  study  of  a  slab  of  grey 
sandstone  which  has  been  for  over  a  century  in 
the  garden  of  Mr.  H.  F.  Lockhart  of  Hexham  has 
yielded  Prof.  Bosanquet  a  new  Roman  inscription 
of  which  he  here  gives  an  account.  Mr.  A.  Fen- 
wick  Radcliffe  traces  the  history  of  the  Fenwick 
family  of  Brenkley  from  1571.  Mr.  James 
Hodgson's  contribution  of  recollections  and 
original  correspondence  of  the  poet  John  Cun- 
nigham  is  of  real  importance  for  a  knowledge  of 
the  poet's  biography  (settling,  for  example,  the 
place  of  his  death  and  the  name  of  his  brother) 
and  of  his  character  and  friends. 

The  Print- Collector's  Quarterly  is  always  a 
welcome  arrival.  The  new  one  contains  two 
aticles  of  special  interest — that  by  Mr.  Max 
Lehrs  on  the  Master  L  C  Z,  which  is  most  success- 
fully illustrated,  and  that  on  Collectors'  Marks  on 
prints  and  drawings  by  Mr.  C.  F.  Bell.  Mr.  A.  K. 
Sabin  discusses  with  very  sympathetic  understand  - 
ing  the  work  of  Elizabeth  Adela  Forbes,  and  Mr. 
George  Somes  Layard  tells  us  the  curious  and 
romantic  story  of  Lpmbart's  pastiche  of  Cromwell, 
Charles  I.  and  Louis  XIX. 


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221 


LONDON,  MARCH  25,  1922. 


CONTENTS. — No.   206. 

NOTES  :— Keats's  Death  and  The  Quarterly  Review.  221— 
Glass-painters  of  York,  222— Shakespeare  Allusions,  224 — 
Knighthood  Fees,  225— Charles  Kingsley :  Vanity  Fair 
Caricature— Watts  Phillips,  Dramatist,  Novelist  and  Artist— 
The  Globe  Room  of  Banbury,  226 — Inscriptions  in  Ashwell- 
thrope  Church,  227. 

QUERIES :— Portrait  of  Lady  Harrington,  227— Henry 
Howarth,  Advocate — Robert  Johnson — John  and  Christo- 
pher Wright  (Gunpowder  Plot  Conspirators)— Mercer 
Portraits  and  Seal.  228— John  Frederick  Smith,  Novelist— 
H.  Crouch,  Artist — Scotch  Coffee-houses  and  Inns  in  the 
Eighteenth  Century — '  The  Norman  People  ' — Royal  Ante- 
diluvian Order  of  Buffaloes — Bernard  de  Gordon — The 
Countess  Guiccioli's  '  Recollections  of  Lord  Byron ' — 
Nicholas  Hilliard — White  Horse  Ornament  in  Fanlights — 
"  Berwick,"  229— Early  Life  of  George  IH. — Coget— 
Edward  Stephenson— 7Wren — Conybeare.  Dean  of  Llandaff — 
George  Colman— Cossens,  Hants — Hamlet  Marshall — 
Thomas  Dickson — Menzies  of  Culter  Allers— Story  by 
Edgar  Allen  Poe  wanted,  230. 

REPLIES :— Sir  Thomas  Phillipps,  230— Cap  of  Maintenance. 
231— Lambert  Family — Eighteenth-century  Poets — John 
Charles  Williams — "  Once  aboard  the  lugger  "—Williams 
of  Islington  :  Tombstones  of  St.  Mary's.  232— Pseudo-titles 
for  "  Dummy  Books  " — '  La  Santa  Parentela  ' — "  Gregor  " 
of  the  Mosquito  Coast,  233 — -Temporary  Fords  :  "  Sand  " — 
William  Meyler— Use  of  "  at "  or  "  in  "  with  Place-names, 
234— Addison's  '  Spectator  ' — Oxfordshire  Masons,  235 — 
Devonshire  MSS. — Book-plate  of  D.  Andrews  de  Swayth- 
ling — Unidentified  Arms — Derivation  of  Chinkwell — Land 
Measurement  Terms,  236— William  Spry — Oldmixon — 
Cheese  Saint  and  Cheese  Sacrifices— Verlaine  at  Stickney. 
237 — "  Mayor  "  as  a  Woman's  Title— Fiddlers'  Green — East 
London  "  Coffee-houses  "—Moon  Folk-lore  :  Hair-cutting— 
Sir  Thomas  Dingley— Burr-walnut.  238— Highgate— Hoi- 
born.  Middle  Row— Authors  wanted,  239. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :— '  Seneca  and  Elizabethan  Tragedy  '— 
'  Isaac  Greene  :  A  Lancashire  Lawyer  of  the  Eighteenth 
Century  ' — '  Early  British  Trackways.' 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


Jlote*. 

KEATS'S  DEATH  AND  'THE 
QUARTERLY  REVIEW.' 

IN  William  Michael  Rossetti's  brief  '  Life 
of  John  Keats  '  in  the  "  Great  Writers  " 
series,  it  is  said  (p.  102)  : — 

To  advert  to  what  Lord  Byron  wrote  about 
Keats  having  been  killed  by  The  Quarterly 
Review  is  hardly  worth  while.  His  first  reference 
to  the  subject  is  in  a  letter  to  Mr.  Murray  [pub- 
lish'-r  of  The  Quarterly],  dated  April  26,  1821.  In 
this  he  expressly  names  Shelley  as  his  informant. 

Owing  to  the  recent  publication  by  the 
present  Mr.  John  Murray  of  '  Lord  Byron's 
Correspondence  '  it  is  now  possible  to  see 
the  precise  words  in  which  Byron  had 
received  the  information.  Shelley  thus 
ended  a  letter  to  Byron  from  Pisa  dated 
April  16,  1821  :— 

Young  Keats,  whose  '  Hyperion '  showed  so  great 
a  promise,  died  lately  at  Home  from  the  con- 
sequences of  breaking  a  blood- vessel,  in  paroxysms 
of  despair  at  the  contemptuous  attack  on  his 
book  in  the  Quarterly  Review  (vol.  ii.,  p.  169). 
This  was  not  Shelley's  only  definite  assertion 


on  the  matter.  Writing  again  to  Byron 
on  May  4,  he  said  : — 

The  account  of  Keats  is,  I  fear,  too  true.  Hunt 
tells  me  that,  in  the  first  paroxysms  of  his  dis- 
appointment he  burst  a  blood-vessel ;  and  thus 
laid  the  foundation  of  a  rapid  consumption. 
There  can  be  no  doubt  but  that  the  irritability 
which  exposed  him  to  this  catastrophe  was  a  pledge 
of  future  sufferings,  had  he  lived  (ibid.,  p.  171). 
And  on  July  16  he  followed  this  with  a 
further  letter  saying  : — 

I  send  you — as  Diomed  gave  Glaucus  his  brazen 
arms  for  those  of  gold — -some  verses  I  wrote  on 
the  death  of  Keats — written,  indeed,  immediately 
after  the  arrival  of  the  news.  ...  I  need  not 
be  told  that  I  have  been  carried  too  far  by  the 
enthusiasm  of  the  moment ;  by  my  piety,  and  my 
indignation,  in  panegyric.  But  if  I  have  erred, 
I  console  myself  by  reflecting  that  it  is  in  defence 
of  the  weak — not  in  conjunction  with  the  powerful. 

.  .  I  have  been  unwillingly,  and  in  spite  of 
myself,  induced  to  notice  the  attack  of  the 
Quarterly  upon  me  ;  it  would  have  been  affectation 
to  have  omitted  the  few  words  in  which  I  allude 
to  it.  I  have  sought  not  to  qualify  the  contempt 
from  which  my  silence  has  hitherto  sprung 
(ibid.,  pp.  177-8). 

'  Adonais,'  which  was  printed  at  Pisa,  thus 
was  largely  affected  by  The  Quarterly 
attacks  on  the  younger  poets  and  Keats 
in  particular  ;  and  it  was  written  under 
the  immediate  influence  of  the  belief  that 
the  original  cause  of  Keats's  illness  was 
the  attack  on  '  Endymion,'  one  of  the  most 
bitter  of  them.  He  put  it,  indeed,  with  the 
greatest  plainness  in  the  Preface  to  '  Adonais.' 

W.  M.  Rossetti  sought  to  dismiss  this 
belief  by  writing  : — 

Shelley  seems  to  be  the  principal  authority 
[for  the  statement  that  Keats  took  greatly  to 
heart  the  attacks  upon  him  whether  in  The 
Quarterly  or  in  Blackwood},  and  Shelley,  unless 
founding  upon  some  adequate  information,  is 
next  to  no  authority  at  all.  He  had  left  England 
in  March,  1818,  five  months  before  the  earlier 
— printed  in  August — of  these  spiteful  articles 
('  Life,'  p.  101). 

"  Unless  founding  upon  some  adequate 
information  " — that  is  the  point.  Shelley 
speaks  with  precision  at  Pisa  in  April, 
1821,  to  a  correspondent  at  Ravenna,  of  the 
circumstances  attending  the  death  in  Rome 
a  little  earlier  of  one  whom  they  both  knew, 
and  in  whom  the  writer  had  so  much  interest 
that  he  had  invited  the  dead  man  to  be  his 
guest  at  Pisa,  but  the  latter  had  desired 
to  make  his  stay  in  Rome.  How  far  The 
Quarterly  attacks  furnished  the  cause 
and  Keats's  death  the  effect  can  never 
now  with  certainty  be  said ;  but  the 
additional  contemporary  testimony  on  the 
point  just  made  available  is  certainly  worth 
attention.  ALFRED  ROBBINS. 


222 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [12  s.x.  1^25,1922. 


GLASS-PAINTERS  OF  YORK. 

(See  12  S.  viii.  and  ix.  passim  ;  x.  45, 184.) 

CHRONOLOGICAL  LIST  OF  YORK 
GLASS -PAINTERS. 

1451.     John  Witton  (vide  12  S.  viii.  442). 

1453.  Robertus  Hudson,  glasyer.  This  artist 
either  delayed  taking  up  the  freedom  until  long 
after  he  came  of  age  or,  what  is  more  likely, 
he  was  the  son  of  the  Robert  Hudson  one  of  the 
workmen  to  whom  John  Chamber  the  elder 
bequeathed  Is.  Sd.  (vide  12  S.  viii.  128).  Hudson, 
on  the  death  of  his  master  in  1437,  passed  into 
the  employ  of  the  younger  John  Chamber,  who, 
dying  in  1451,  left  him  a  similar  sum  of  twenty 
pence.  In  1463-4  he  was  in  business  for  himself 
and  appeared  before  the  mayor  with  other  master 
glass-painters,  when  new  ordinances  were  granted 
in  that  year.  In  1471  he  was  doing  work  for 
the  Dean  and  Chapter  (vide  Fabric  Rolls). 

1455.  Johannes  Cok,  glasyer.  In  1463-4 
he  was  one  of  the  master  glass-painters  to  whom 
new  ordinances  were  granted,  and  in  1499  either 
he,  or  more  probably  a  son  of  the  same  name,  was 
doing  work  at  the  Minster  (vide  Fabric  Rolls). 

1458.  Thomas    Clerk,  mentioned    by  Thomas 
Shirlay  in  his  will  made  in  1456  (proved   1458; 
vide   12  S.  viii.   365)  as  one  of  his   "  servants," 
to  whom  he  bequeathed  3s.  4d.,  "  if  he  be  in  my 
service  at  the  time  of  my  decease."     Clerk  was 
probably  therefore  one  of  the   "  ij   serviencium 
Thomae    Schirley "    who    were    working    at   the 
Minster  in   1443.     He  is  mentioned  by  name  in 
the  roll  of  1471,  by  which  time  he  had  passed  into 
the  employ  of  another  master,  probably  Matthew 
Petty,  who  was  doing  the  windows  of  the  great 
lantern  tower  in  that  year  (vide  Fabric  Rolls). 

1459.  Radulphus     Shotilworth,     glasyer.     In 
1463-4   he   is   enumerated   in   the   list   of   master 
glass-painters    to    whom    new    ordinances    were 
granted.     Thomas    Shutiworth,    presumably    his 
son,  was  free  as  a  glass-painter  in  1467,  and  "  Tho. 
Shutilworth,   husbandman,   fil.    Radulphi   Shutil- 
worth  glasier,"  was  free  of  the  city  in  1496.     If 
the  Thomas  Shutiworth  free  in  1467  was  his  son 
also,  there  were,  as  in  the  Chamber  family,  two 
brothers  of  the  same  Christian  name. 

1465.  Robertus  Priston,  glasier  (vide  12  S. 
viii.  485). 

1465.  Willelmus  Birde,  glasyer. 

1466.  Johannes  More,  glasyer. 

1467.  Thomas  Shutiworth,  glasyer  (see  Radul- 
phus Shotilworth,   1459,  above). 

1470.     Johannis  Pety,  glasier  (vide  12  S.  ix.  61). 

1470.  Thomas  Ne(w)som,  fil.  Johannis  Ne(w)- 
som,  glasier.  His  father,  John  Newsom,  was  free 
in  1442,  and  his  grandfather,  John  Newsom,  free 
hi  1418.  They  were  all  glass-painters,  but  evi- 
dently not  in  business  on  their  own  account. 
Thomas  Newsom's  father  worked  for  Thomas 
Shirley  and  his  grandfather  for  John  Chamber 
the  elder.  He  himself  was  in  the  employ  of 
Thomas  Shirwin  (free  1473 ;  died  1481  ;  vide 
12  S.  viii.  407),  who  bequeathed  him  "  two  English 
tables  of  glass." 

[1471.]  William  Franklan,  working  at  the 
Minster  (vide  Fabric  Rolls). 

1472.  Thomas  Smyth,  ferrour. 

1473.  Thomas  Shirwyn  (vide  12  S.  viii. 


[c.  1475.]  Michael  White  (vide  Thomas  Hyne, 
1485  seq.). 

1478.     Willelmus  Martyn,   glasyer. 

[1479.]  William  Petty,  working  at  the  Minster 
(vide  12  S.  ix.  22). 

1480.  Thomas  Inglissh,  glasyer  (v.12  S.  viii.  324). 

1481.  Robertus  Petty,  glasyer  (v.  12  S.  x.  103). 

1485.  Thomas      Hyne,      glasier,     nup.     appr. 
Michaelis  White. 

[1485.]  Wm.  Caldbeke,  working  at  the  Minster 
in  this  year  (vide  Fabric  Rolls).  John  Calbek, 
glasier,  evidently  his  son,  was  free  in  1489. 

1486.  Willehnus  Crayneburgh,  glasier. 

1489.  Johannes  Calbek,  glasyer.  Probably 
son  of  the  Wm.  Caldbeke  working  at  the  Minster 
in  1485.  His  name  occurs  several  times  in  the 
St.  Michael,  Spurriergate,  Churchwardens  '  Ac- 
counts between  the  years  1523  and  1537,  chiefly 
for  mending  and  "  helpyng,"  probably  in  taking 
down  and  refixing  the  "  Roytt  of  Jesse  "  and 
other  windows.  Calbek  at  some  time  lived  in 
Micklegate.  as  shown  by  the  following  item  in  the 
church  accounts  : — 

"  1533.  Item  rassavid  of  John  Caullbeke 
in  glase  yt  he  leyffte  in  ye  hows  in  mykylgait 
when  he  whent  frome  yt  &  for  helpyng  of  ij 
lityllwyndoys  in  ye  kyrke  over  the  alter  6s  8d. 
At  that  time,  in  the  eyes  of  the  law,  glass  in 
windows  formed  no  part  of  the  house  and  could 
be  removed  by  the  tenant  on  the  expiration  of 
his  lease,  "  quar  le  meason  est  perfite  sauns  la 
glasse  "  (syr  Robert  Brooke,  *  La  Grande  Abridge- 
ment,' 1573,  s.v.  '  Chatteles  ').  Calbek,  being 
a  glasier,  had  evidently  fitted  himself  up  with 
glass  windows  in  the  home,  and  the  churchwardens 
took  them  in  lieu  of  rent  to  prevent  him  from 
taking  them  with  him.  Later  in  1600  the  church- 
wardens of  the  same  church  paid  6s.  8d.  "  to  my 
Lady  Beckwith  for  certain  Glasse  and  trellices 
and  Waintscott,  which  is  in  the  Hause  that  Mr. 
Maskew  dwelt  in,  which  said  Glass  trelices  and 
Wainskott  is  now  to  remain  in  the  House  as  other 
Glasse  and  heir  loomes  dothe  "  (Croft,  '  Excerpta 
Antiqua,'  1796). 

1492.  Ricardus  Thomson,  glasier  (vide  12  S. 
ix.  163). 

1495.  Ricardus  Tyson,  glasier. 

1496.  Willehnus  Thomson,  glasier  (vide  12  S. 
ix.  164). 

1498.  Willelmus  Awger,  glasier.  Richard 
Awger,  probably  his  brother,  was  working  at  the 
Minster  in  1510  (vide  Fabric  Rolls). 

1503.  Johannes  Adcoke,  glasier. 

1504.  Robertus     Bogge,     glasier.     He   learnt 
his  trade  with  Robert  Preston  (free   1465  ;  died 
1503).      For  an  account  of  both  him  and  Begge 
(see  12  S.  viii.    485-7).      He  evidently  succeeded 
Preston  in  his  business  and  was  established    in 
Coney  Street  or  elsewhere  in  the  parish  of  St. 
Martin-le-Grand,  for  in  the  will  of  Thomas  Draw- 
swerde,  a  man  in  a  large  way  of  business  as  a 
carver  of  rood-screens  and  similar  church  furnish- 
ings— he  carved  the  screen  at  Newark  in  1508, 
competed  for  the  figures  on  the  tomb  of  Henry 
VII.  at  Westminster,  and  is  believed  to  have  been 
responsible  for  the  statues  of  the  English  Kings 
on  the  screen  at  York ;  was  M.P.  for  the  city  and 
twice     Lord    Mayor — the     testator     bequeathed 
"  iij  tenements  lyeng  in  Sancte  Martyne   parishe 
nowe  (1529)  in  the  holdyng  of  Roberte  Bog  "  and 
two  others  (Test.  Ebor.,  Surtees  Soc.,  vol.   79,  p. 


us.x.MAB.25,1922.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


223 


267).  Robert  Begge's  son,  William  Bogg,  glasyer, 
was  free  of  the  city  in  1529. 

1504.     Willelmus  Garbot,  glasier. 

1507.     Ricardus  Thornborow,  glasier. 

1510.  Ricardus  Pylle,  glasier  (vide  account  of 
William  Thompson,  12  S.  ix.  164,  165). 

[1510.]  William  Hutchinson,  working  at  the 
Minster.  A  Gregory  Hutchinson,  son  of  John 
Hutchinson,  was  free  in  1516. 

[1510.]  Richard  Awger,  working  at  the  Minster 
(vide  Fabric  Rolls).  Probably  brother  of  the 
William  Awger  free  in  1498. 

1511.  Johannes  Fysshe,  glasier. 

1513.  Walterus  Burnet,  glasier.  His  son, 
Thomas  Burnet,  barbour  and  wexchandler,  was 
free  of  the  city  in  1540. 

1516.     Willelmus  Wylton,  glasier. 

1516.  Gregorius       Hutchinson,       glasier,      fil. 
Johannis  Hutchinson.  In  1510  a  William  Hutchin- 
son was  working  at  the  Minster. 

1517.  Ambrosius    Dunwich,    glasier.     He    was 
one     of     William     Thompson's     workmen.     His 
master,   at   his   death   in    1539,   bequeathed   him 
"  one  warke  borde,  a  pare  of  moldes  and  a  pare  of 
sheres,    and  a  pare  of  clawmes  "  (ride  account  of 
William  Thompson,  12  S.  ix.  164,  165). 

1520.  Thomas  Fourneys,  glasyer.  Probably 
a  descendant  of  Robertus  Fournays,  glacier,  free 
in  1412.  Thomas  Fourneys's  son  William  was 
free  of  the  city  as  a  glass-painter  in  1551.  In  1537 
Thomas  Fourneys  was  paid  13s.  4rf.  for  work, 
evidently  mending,  about  the  wirdows  of  St. 
Saviour's  Church. 

1524.     Johannes  Hawmond,  glasyer. 

1526.     Johannes  Dowthuayte,  glasier. 

1529.  Willelmus  Bogg,  glasyer,  fil.  Roberti 
Bogg,  glasyer.  Free  by  patrimony.  His  father, 
Robert,  was  free  in  1504. 

1533.  Laurence  Spencer,  glasyer.     One  of  the 
workmen    of    William    Thompson  (free   1496 ;    d. 
1539),  to  whom  Thompson  bequeathed  "  a  wark- 
borde,  a  pare  of  moldes,  a  pare  of  sheres,  and  a  pare 
of  clawmes  "  (ride  12  S.  ix.  164). 

1534.  Ed.  Walkynton,  glasyer. 
[15.9.1     Thomas  Lelemen. 

[  15  3 J.  ]     Thomas  NichoLson. 

Two  of  the  workmen  of  William  Thompson  (free 
1496,  d.  1539).  For  his  bequests  of  tools,  ice.,  to 
them,  see  12  S.  ix.  164. 

1540.  Johannes  Almayn,  glasyer.  The  name 
suggests  a  foreign  derivation,  the  name  "  Alle- 
magne "  being  applied  to  Flanders  and  the 
southern  parts  of  Germany,  so  that,  in  view  of  the 
date,  this  artist  was  very  probably  a  foreign  re- 
fugee. If  so,  he  is  the  first  example  of  an  artist 
from  abroad  working  at  York.  Hitherto  the 
names  show  that  with  few  exceptions  the  York 
artists  were  all  natives  of  the  city  and  vicinity. 
John  Almayn  executed  work  for  the  Dean  and 
Chapter  at  Pudsey  Burton  in  1530  (vide  Rolls  of 
of  the  Chamberlains  of  the  Minster).  His  son, 
Thomas,  was  free  of  the  city  in  1555. 

1551.     Johannes  Plewright,  glasyer. 

1551.  Willelmus  Fornes,  glasyer,  fil.  Thomae 
Forn«>s  de  Ebor,  glasyer.  Free  of  the  city  by 
patrimony.  His  father  was  free  in  1520,  and 
Robert  Fournays,  evidently  an  ancestor,  in  1412. 

1555.  Thomas  Alman,  glaysyer,  til.  Johannis 
Alman  (free  1540)  de  Ebor,  glaysyer. 

(NOTE. — It  is  doubtful  whether  those  described 
as  "  glasiers  "  after  this  date  were  glass-painters, 


I  therefore,  from  now  on,  only  the  names  of  those 
j  who  are  definitely  known  to  have  been  painters  of 
I  glass  have  been  included.) 

1578.     Nicholaus     Giles,     glasyer,    fil.    Henrici 
;  Giles,  trellessmaker  (vide  12  S.  ix.  205). 

1586-7.  Barnard  Dinnichoff,  glasier.  H& 
painted  the  beautiful  enamelled  heraldic  glass  in 
the  dining  room  of  Gilling  Castle,  with  the  arms 
of  the  Fairfax  and  Constable  families,  which  is 
signed  a*d  dated  "  Bernard  Dininchhoff  fecit 
1585."  Beyond  this,  nothing  more  is  known  of 
this  artist  or  of  his  work. 

1634.  Edmundus  Gyles,  glasier,  fil.  Nicholai 
Gyles,  glasier  (vide  12  S.  ix.  205). 

[b.  1645.]  Henry  Gyles  (d.  1709)  (vide  12  S.  ix. 
245,  268). 

1740.  Andrew  Rowell,  plumber  and  glazier. 
It  is  possible  be  was  a  relative  of  "  one  Rowell,  a 
plumber  at  Reading,"  who,  according  to  Walpole^ 
in  his  '  Anecdotes  '  (Murray's  ed.,  p.  120),  "  did 
some  things  particularly  for  the  late  Henry,  Earl 
of  Pembroke,  but  Rowell's  colours  soon  vanished. 
At  last  he  found  out  a  very  durable  and  beautiful 
red,  but  he  died  in  a  year  or  two  and  the  secret 
with  him."  Dallaway  (whose  statements  must  be 
received  with  caution)  says,  "  John  Rowell,  of 
High  Wycombe,  who  died  in  1756,  practised  this 
art  in  the  style  of  Price.  His  principal  work  was 
seven  windows  for  the  church  of  Hambledon, 
Bucks,  but  he  succeeded  most  in  mosaics  and 
heraldic  devices  "  ('  Obs.  on  Eng.  Archit.,'  p.  280). 
Redgrave,  in  his  '  Diet,  of  Artists  of  the  English 
School '( 1874),  confuses  the  above  two  personages 
(if  indeed  they  were  two  distinct  individuals,  which 
is  questionable)  into  one. 

[b.  1 743.]  Mrs.  Peckitt  (Mary  Mitley),  daughter 
of  Charles  Mitley  (d.  1758),  a  statuary,  carver  and 
gilder.  Married  William  Peckitt  April  3,  17(i3, 
and  helped  him  in  his  glass-painting  work  (iide 
letter  of  Miss  Peckitt  to  the  6 'er  t.'sMag.,  May,  1817). 
After  the  death  of  her  husband  in  1795,  Mrs. 
Peckitt  erected  a  window  to  his  memory  in  St.. 
Martin-cum-Gregory  Church,  which,  as  the  in- 
scription upon  it  states,  "  was  designed  and 
executed  by  his  afflicted  widow,  1796."  A  tablet 
at  the  side  of  the  window  records  her  death,  Jan. 
11,  1826,  aged  83. 

1752.  William  Peckitt,  glass-painter  and 
stainer,  by  order,  gratis  ;  b.  1731,  d.  1795  (vide 
12  S.  ix.  323). 

[b.  1786.]  John  Joseph  Barnett  ;  d.  1859 
(vide  12  S.  ix.  483). 

Francis  Barnett  (vide  12  S.  ix.  483  and  523). 

Mark  Barnett  (ibid.). 

[1846.]  John  Summers.  In  1846  he  resided 
at  24,  Petergate  (White's  '  Directory '),  and  on 
Feb.  28  of  that  year  advertised  in  The  Yorks 
Gazette  an  exhibition  of  paintings  by  the  old 
masters  to  be  held  at  his  house.  He  also  called 
attention  to  his  skill  as  a  picture  restorer  and  an 
artist  in  stained  glass.  He  claimed  to  be  the 
artist  of  the  east  window  of  St.  Peter's  Church, 
Leeds.  "  The  magnificent  east  window  in  St. 
Peter's  Church,  Leeds,  was  designed  and  executed 
by  him.  It  contains  11,000  pieces  of  glass.  Mr.  r 
S.  is  most  enthusiastic  in  his  profession  and  by 
constant  practice  has  acquired  a  knowledge  of  the 
art  which  few  men  possess."  The  window  is 
partly  made  up  of  panels  "  of  old  glass  collected 
on  the  Continent  by  Mr.  John  Summers  of  Leeds  " 
(Rusby,  *  Hist,  of  the  Parish  Church  at  Leeds/ 


224 


NOTES   AND  QUERIES.        [i2s.x.MAB.26,i922. 


p.  87).  The  Art  Journal,  1846,  however,  says  the 
window  is  the  work  of  Mr.  Wilmshurst  of  Foley 
Place,  so  that  Summers  had  either  worked  for 
Wilmshurst  or  merely  supplied  the  old  glass. 
For  some  time  Summers  lived  in  the  house  in 
Davygate,  formerly  occupied  by  Peckitt.  He 
afterwards  removed  to  Clarence  Street  and  lived 
in  retirement.  .  He  was  one  of  the  subscribers  to 
Browne's  '  History  of  York  Minster.' 

[1846.]  Thomas  Gibson  Hartley.  William 
Hartley,  who  was  established  in  Fossgate  as  a 
plumber  and  glazier  during  the  second  quarter 
of  the  nineteenth  century,  had  two  sons,  William 
Kay  Hartley  (b.  1806  ;  d.  1882)  and  Thomas 
Gibson  Hartley.  The  former  carried  on  his 
father's  business  of  a  plumber  and  glazier,  the 
latter  was  brought  up  as  a  painter  and  decorator. 
In  1846  the  two  were  conducting  their  respective 
businesses  at  the  same  address,  No.  20,  Fossgate. 
Thomas  Gibson  living  in  Garden  Place  (White's 
*  Directory,'  1846).  He  had  evidently  been 
attracted  by  stained  glass  and  ecclesiastical 
ornament,  a  taste  for  which  was  rapidly  growing 
at  that  time  through  the  publication  in  1846  of 
Weale's  '  Divers  Works  of  Early  Masters  in  Chris- 
tian Decoration'  and  similar  works.  When  All 
Saints,  Pavement,  Church  was  restored,  he  carried 
out  the  decoration  of  the  chancel  and  organ,  and 
also  set  up  a  kiln  for  glass-painting — his  brother, 
the  plumber,  carrying  out  the  cutting  and  glazing 
for  him — and  executed  some  small  windows  for 
St.  Crux  Church,  now  the  parish  room  of  All 
Saints,  Pavement.  He  removed  to  Spurriergate 
^,nd  advertised  as  follows  at  the  back  of  Schroeder's 
'  Annals  of  Yorkshire,'  published  in  1852  : — 

"  19  Spurriergate  York 
adjoining  Mess.  Barbers,  Silversmiths. 

Gibson  Hartley 
House,  Coach  and  Ornament  Painting 

Gilder,  Glass  Stainer  and  General  Decorator. 
Agent  for  Minton  and  Co.'s  Encaustic  Flooring 

Tiles 

Artists'  Materials  of  every  Description." 
Shortly  afterwards  he  gave  up  glass-painting  and 
confined     himself     entirely    to     house      painting 
and  decoration. 

Thomas  Hodgson  (vide  12  S.  x.  44). 

William  Hodgson  (ibid. ). 

[1838.]     John  Ward  Knowles,  b.  1838. 

[1846.]     William    Knowles,    brother  of    above, 
b.  Nov.  3,  1846;  d.  Sept.  7,  1908. 

[1848.]     Harry   Dickson,   b.   .1848   (vide    12   S. 
x.  45). 

[1850.]     Charles   Hardgrave,  b.  1850;    d.    1920 
{vide  12S.  x.  45). 

[1881.]     John   Alder    Knowles,    son   of    J.    W. 
Knowles,  b.   1881. 

[1889.]     Milward     Knowles,     son     of      J.     W 
Knowles,  b.  1889. 

JOHN  A.  KNOWLES. 


SHAKESPEARE  ALLUSIONS. 
THE  following  allusions  to  Shakespeare  do 
not  occur  in  any  of  the  allusion  books 
in  Mr.  John  Munroe's  '  More  Shakespeare 
Allusions'  (Modern  Philology,  xiii.  (1916) 
p.  497  ff.),  or  in  P.  J.  and  A.  E.  Dobell's 
4  Some  Seventeenth  Century  Allusions  to 


Shakespeare'     (1920).     Presumably,     then, 
hey  deserve  to  be  noted. 

621.  Martyn,    Joseph.     '  New   Epigrams   and   a 
Satyre,'  sig.  C4. 

54.     '  LIFES  TBAGEDIE.' 

Dlue  Acts,  fiue  Actors,  (and  the  world  the  stage) 
"  Their  persons  for  performance  doe  engage  : 
[•he  King,  whose  watchf ull  care  doth  make  a  crown 
Seeme  heauy,  and  sleepes  hard  in  beds  of  Downe. 
[Cf.   'A. Y.L.I.,'    II.  viii.    139  f.,  and 
'  2  Henry  IV.  '  III.  i.  4  ff.] 
1643.  July  31.     B.,  R.   '  The  Cambridge  Royallist 

Imprisoned,'  sig.  A4. 

)ur  Keepers  knew  no  hurt,  unlesse  't  had  bin 
Drinking  of  Sack,  honest  lack  Falstaffes  sinne. 
1648.  December  7.  '  The  Devill  seen  at  St. 
Albons.  Being  A  True  Relation  How 
The  Devill  was  seen  there  in  a  Cellar, 
in  the  likenesse  of  a  Ram  ;  and  how  a 
Butcher  came  and  cut  his  throat.'  .  .  . 
Printed  in  the  yeare  1648,  p.  2.  [Mar- 
ginal references  to  textual  comments 
on  Humphrey,  Duke  of  Gloucester, 
are  : — ] 

See  Hollenshead,  Martin,  Stow,  Speed. 
and  Shakspeare  in  the  second  part  of 
Henry  the  sixth. 

Here  begins  the  story  of  the  old  man, 
Shakspeare,  ui  supra. 

1653.  May  20.  S[mithson],  S[amuel].  '  Para- 
doxes Or  Encomions,'  &c.,  pp.  17-18. 
,  .  .  my  self  am  intimately  acquainted 
with  one  that  boasts  himself  sightlesse,  who  can 
repeat  [among  many  others]  Shakesphears ;  Othello, 
and  Fletchers  Maids  tragedy  verbatim. 

1653.  '  Ad     Populum :       Or,      A      Low-Country 

Lecture    to     the     People     of     England, 
After  a  Thankgiving  Dinner,   Aug.    25, 
1653,'  sig.  A3. 
How  would  the  Senators  at  Hague  be  glad, 
And  hope  their  Gilders  and  their  Duckettones 
Might  still  be  theirs  against  the  Afternoones 
Collation,  all  in  Drink  (Jack  Falstaffe  like) 
No  jarres  but  those  of  Wine. 

1654.  August    23-30.     Mercurius    Fumigosus,    p. 

118. 

Who  More  famous  in  that  Quallity  then  .  .  . 
Christ.  Whitehead,  who  for  agillity  of  body, 
and  neatness  in  Dancing, 

Doth  in  best  judgements,  as  farr  exceed  the  Turks, 
As  Shakspere  Haywood  in  his  Commick  Works. 

[For  a  discussion  of  this  statement  see 

my     article     on     the      Commonwealth 

Drama    in    Studies    in    Philology,    July, 

1921,  p.  315.] 

1654.  August  30-September  6.     Mercurius  Fumi- 

gosus, p.  124. 

A  merry  Lad,  one  of  the  Sons  of  Bacchus,  allyed 
to  Jack  Falstaff  by  the  mothers  side,  the  last 
Night  sent  this  Song  and  Catch  following  ;  directed 
to  his  Brethren  the  Sons  of  Appollo.  .  .  . 

1655.  Merlinvs   Anonymus.     '  An  Almanack,  and 

no  Almanack,'  sigs.  A2v,  07. 
Did  not  great  Tarleton  break  his  wind  for  this, 
And  Shakesphear  therefor  writ  his  pericles. 
Shakespear,    Johnson,    Beumont,    Fletcher, 
Had  each  one  his  dainty  Ducklin.     .     .     . 

["  Shakesphear  "  is  also  credited  with 

the  feast  day,  Sept.  28,  at  sig.  B  5v.] 


IS&X.MU.U.UM.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


225 


1656,  K.,   P.     '  The  Surfeit  To  A.B.C.'     London, 
Printed  for  Edw.    Dod  at  the    Gun    in 
Ivy-lane  (Bodleian,  Malone  497),  p.  58. 
As  if  one  in  future  age  should  make  all  England 
in  ages  past  to  be  a  Bartholomew-Faire,  because 
Ben.  Johnson  hath  writ  it.     Or  that  the  condition 
of  all  our  English  women  may  be  drawn  out  of 
Shackespeers  merry  wifes  of  Windsor. 

1660.  Montelion,      1660,      Or,      The     Prophetical 

Almanack,  sig.  B  5v. 

[Shakespear  and  lack  Falstaff  are 
named  in  the  calendar  for  May  4  and  2 
respectively.  They  are  named  again  in 
Montelion,  1662,  sig.  B  4v.] 

1661.  '  Merry       Drollery.     .     .     .     Collected   by 

W.  N.,  C.  B.,  R.  S.,  J.  G.,'  p.  59. 
If  I  lye,  as  Falstaffe  saies,  I  am  a  Jew. 
1667.  Jordan,     Thomas.     '  Money    is     an    Ass,' 

Act  III.,  sc.  i.,  p.  24. 

What  sayes  the  Poet,  that  most  true  doth  write 
Who  ever  lov'd,  that  lov'd  not  at  first  sight. 

[Perhaps    rather    a    borrowing    from 

*  A. Y.L.I.,'   III.     v.   82  f.,     than    a    re- 
ference to  Marlowe.] 
1700.  Ward,   Edward.     '  To    the  Pious  Memory 

of  the  Most  Sublime  and  Accurate  Mr. 

John   Dryden.'        The   London  Spy,    II. 

vi.  7. 

Satyr  and  Praise  flow'd  Equal  from  his  Pen 
Dramatick  Rules,  no  Shakespear  better  knew. 

HYDEB  E.  ROLLINS. 
New  York  University. 


KNIGHTHOOD  FEES. 
IN  '  The  Court  and  City  Register,'  1747,  p.  13, 
is  a  list  of 

Fees  due  from  all  that  receive  the 

Honour  of  Knighthood. 
TO  the  £ 

Earl  Marshal  of  Eng.  . .          . .        3 

K.s  Heralds  &  Pursuivants  at  Arms        8 

Lyon  King  at  Arms 

Gent.  Ushers  of  the  Privy  Chamber 

Gentlemen  Ushers  daily  Waiters 

Great  Master  Assistant 

Grooms  of  the  Privy  Chamber 

Gent.  Ushers  Quarter- Waiters 

Knight  Harbinger 

Gent,  and  Yeom.  Harbinger 

Serjeants  at  Arms 

To  the  Robes  Office 

Pages  of  the  Bed-Ch. 

King's  Barbers 

Wardrobe-Office 

Serjeant  and  Office  of  the  Trumpet 

Gentlem.  of  the  Cellar  and  Buttery 

Sewers  of  the  Bed-Ch. 

Grooms  of  the  Chamb. 

Serjeant  Porter 

Porters  at  the  Gate 

Keepers  of  the  Council  Chamber 

Master  Cook 

Yeomen  Ushers 

Yeom.  of  the  Mouth 

Closet  Koopor  of  the  Books,  &c. 

Surveyor  of  the  Ways 

Surveyor  of  the  Dresser,  &c. 

Pages  of  the  Presence 


13 
10 

10 

on 
00 
05 

00 
(K) 

06 
06 

00 
00 
00 
00 

06 

00 

12 

00 
00 
00 
00 
00 

00 

00 
16 

0  10 
0  10 
0  10 
0  10 


To  the  £  s.  d. 

Drum-Major  ..           ..           ..           ..  0  13  0 

King's  Footmen         2  00  0 

Kings  Coachmen        . .  .  .  ..0100 

Corporals    of    the    Guards    of    the 

King's  Body           . .           . .           . .  5  00  0 

Register  of  the  College  at  Arms     . .  1  08  2 
There  is  also  to  the  Six  Pages  of  the 
Bed  Chamber,  if  Knighted  within 

the  Verge  thereof ,  more  ..           ..  3  00  0 

Total        ..  ..      95  11      2 

If  the  items  are  correctly  printed  the  total 
should  be  £95  Is.  2d. 

In  '  The  Court  and  City  Kalendar,'  1759, 
p.  101,  the  heading  is  '  Fees  paid  by  all  that 
receive  the  Honour  of  Knighthood.'  The 
differences  between  the  two  lists  are  few. 
In  the  1759  list  "  Groom  of  the  Privy 
Cham."  instead  of  "  Grooms,"  &c.  ;  "  Ser- 
jeant at  Arms  "  for  "  Serjeants,"  &c.  ; 
"  Yeomen  of  the  Mouth  "  for  "  Yeom.," 
&c.  ;  "  Closet-keeper  "  for  "  Closet  Keeper 
of  the  Books,"  &c.  :  "  Corporals  of  the 
Body  Guards  "  for  "  Corporals  of  the 
Guards  of  the  King's  Body." 

Besides  the  verbal  differences,  to  the 
Drum-Major  is  assigned  13s.  4rf.  instead 
of  13s.  ;  and  to  the  Corporals  of  the  Body 
Guards  £5  10s.  instead  of  £5.  The  total 
is  given  as  £95  Is.  Qd.  To  make  this  correct 
the  extra  4rf.  must  be  included  and  the 
extra  10s.  excluded. 

In  'The  Court  and  City  Register,'  1760, 
"  The  Second  Edition  corrected  to  the  1st 
of  February,"  this  list  of  fees  does  not 
appear,  neither  have  I  found  it  in  any  later 
or  in  any  '  Royal  Kalendar. '  Whether 
this  means  that  the  fees  were  abolished  in 
1759  (or  early  in  1760),  or  only  that  it  was 


d. 

4 

0  j  issue 

0 

o 


not  thought  worth  while  to  continue  issuing 
it,  I  do  not  know. 

It  appears  from  certain  passages  in  '  The 
Knights  of  England,'  by  Wm.  A.  Shaw, 
Litt.D.,  1906,  that  the  fees  were  not,  at 
all  events,  at  all  times  recoverable. 

This  record  .  .  .  frequently  comprised 
knights  who  had  not  paid  their  fees  to  the  College. 
(Vol.  i.,  Introduction,  p.  xlvi.) 

The  College  would  only  register  a  knighthood 
when  the  knight  paid  his  fees  (which  amounted 
to  108L),  and  even  then  it  could  only  register  such 
knighthoods  as  were  transmitted  to  it  by  cer- 
tificate from  the  Lord  Chamberlain's  office.  As 
many  knights  absolutely  refused  to  pay  the  fees, 
and  as  the  Lord  Chamberlain's  office  may  easily 
have  omitted  to  transmit  such  certificates,  it  is 
self-evident  that  the  register  of  knights  at  the 
Heralds  College  is  an  imperfect  record  at  best. 
(Ibid.,  p.  xlix.) 

Certain  it  is  that  many  knighthoods  never 
were  gazetted  at  all  (probably  in  consequence 
of  non-payment  of  fees,  or  again  by  reason  of  the 


226 


NOTES   AND   QUERIES.        [i2s.x.MAB.2o,i922. 


casual  nature  of  the  particular  knighthood). 
(Ibid.,  p.  li.) 

In  Harl.  MS.  5177,  the  list  [of  knights  made 
at  the  battle  of  Stoke-on-Trent,  June  16,  1487] 
is  arranged  in  a  different  order,  viz. — •(!)  Those 
who  have  paid  their  fees  to  the  College  of  Arms  ; 
(2)  Those  who  have  only  paid  part;  (3)  Those 
who  have  not  paid  at  all.  .(Vol.  ii.,  p.  26,  second 
footnote.) 

Whether  the  fees  amounted  to  £95  odd 
or  £108,  it  would  appear  that  they  were 
intended  to  be  paid  to  and  through  the 
College  of  Arms. 

There  are  now  no  fees  for  any  knights 
excepting  those  of  one  or  two  of  the  highest 
orders.  ROBERT  PIERPOINT. 


CHARLES  KINGSLEY  :  '  VANITY  FAIR  ' 
CARICATURE. — The  following  particulars  of 
a  portrait  of  Charles  Kingsley  that  ap- 
peared as  a  caricature  in  Vanity  Fair  in  1872 
may  be  worthy  of  record. 

The  original  water-colour  has  been  in  the 
possession  of  The  Homeland  Association  for 
the  past  three  years  and  is  unsigned,  and  my 
first  impression  was  that  it  was  the  work  of 
Sir  Leslie  Ward,  whose  caricatures  began  to 
appear  in  the  paper  about  this  time,  but  this 
was  corrected  in  a  curious  manner. 

The  picture  was  hanging  on  the  walls  of  the 
office  of  the  Association  when  a  gentleman 
entered  to  make  an  inquiry  for  one  of  its 
publications.  His  eye  caught  the  picture 
and  he  exclaimed  in  surprise,  "  Charles 
Kingsley  !  I  have  not  seen  that  picture  for 
years.  Well  do  I  remember  the  day  it  was 
sketched.  I  was  walking  in  Endell  Street 
with  Pellegrini  when  I  saw  the  Canon 
coming  towards  us.  Pellegrini  whipped  out 
his  sketch-book  and  I  stepped  up  to  Kingsley 
and  said,  *  Excuse  me,  Mr.  Canon,  but  my 
friend  has  taken  the  liberty  of  drawing  your 
portrait.  I  hope  you  don't  mind.  Would 
you  like  to  look  at  it  ?  '  Kingsley  good- 
naturedly  stopped  for  a  minute  or  two  and 
looked  at  the  rapid  sketch.  *  It's  not  bad, 
but  I  don't  like  the  hat,'  was  his  criticism. 
I  replied,  '  We  can  easily  remove  the  hat, 
sir  !  '  "  From  this  sketch  the  cartoon  was 
worked  up  and  duly  appeared  in  Vanity 
Fair  of  March  30,  1872.  Our  visitor  proved 
to  be  Mr.  Vincent  Brooks,  the  lithographer 
and  printer  of  Vanity  Fair — recently  de- 
ceased. 

Kingsley,  at  the  time  the  cartoon  was 
published,  was  Canon  of  Chester  and  Chap- 
lain to  the  Queen,  but  he  had  not  then 
been  called  to  Westminster.  Ti.e  caricature 
portrays  a  somewhat  fierce-looking  in- 


dividual glancing  irritably  over  the  right 
shoulder,  but  the  likeness  is  unmistakable 
and  it  is  full  of  character  and  vigour. 

PRESCOTT  Row. 
37,  Maiden  Lane,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.  2. 

WATTS  PHILLIPS,  DRAMATIST,  NOVELIST 
AND  ARTIST. — I  do  not  find  any  reference 
in  Mr.  E.  Watts  Phillips' s  notice  of  his 
brother,  '  Watts  Phillips  :  Artist  and  Play- 
wright '  (1891),  to  the  serial  story,  '  So  the 
World  Goes,'  which  Watts  Phillips  con- 
tributed to  The  Family  Econonist,  published 
weekly  from  Jan.  7  to  June  30,  1860. 
Nearly  every  instalment  has  a  charming 
Cruikshank-like  woodcut,  unsigned,  so  far 
as  I  have  found,  but  clearly  by  the  author 
himself,  who  studied  under  the  inimitable 
George.  The  Family  Economist  was  one 
of  Houlston  and  Wright's  periodicals,  and, 
if  only  for  Watts  Phillips's  illustrations,, 
ought  not  to  be  overlooked  in  a  survey 
of  illustrations  of  "  the  sixties." 

W.    ROBERTS. 

18,  King's  Avenue,  S.W.4. 

THE  GLOBE  ROOM  OF  BANBURY. — -The 
following  information  appeared  in  The 
Times  of  March  10,  1922  :— 

The  oak  panelling  of  the  famous  Globe  Room 
of  Banbury,  which  was  removed  from  Ye  Olde 
Reindeer  Inn  seven  years  ago,  is  about  to  ba 
reconstructed  to  form  the  interior  of  a  billiard 
room  in  a  Cheshire  mansion. 

The  panelling  was  purchased  by  a  London 
dealer  who  was  in  negotiation  with  an  American 
for  its  sale.  The  negotiations  fell  through  and 
during  the  war  it  remained  in  the  dealer's  ware- 
house. Its  purchaser  is  now  negotiating  with 
the  company  owning  the  inn  for  the  ancient 
beams  of  the  Globe  Room.  The  date  above 
the  window  of  the  Globe  Room  is  1570. 

As  it  is  clear  that  further  removals  are 
in  contemplation  at  the  "  Reindeer "  it 
seems  peculiarly  appropriate  that  the  views 
of  the  late  Sir  Laurence  Gomme,  addressed 
to  The  Times  on  July  19,  1912,  should  be 
placed  on  more  permanent  record.  He 
wrote  : — 

We  Britons  are  certainly  the  most  accom- 
plished Philistines  in  the  world.  We  are  sup- 
posed to  have  a  history  that  is  worth  knowing, 
and  to  possess  memorials  of  that  history  in  many 
an  interesting  and  picturesque  spot  in  country, 
town  or  village.  In  The  Times  of  this  morning 
are  recorded  (1)  a  find  of  gold  coins  at 
Corstopitum ;  (2)  the  destruction  of  the  old 
Castle  Inn  at  Kingston;  (3)  the  exhibition  in 
London  of  the  Globe  Room  from  Banbury. 
The  find  of  gold  coins  is  the  record  of  science  and 
will  be  properly  dealt  with.  But  the  other 
two  cases  are  simply  monstrous  iniquities.  The- 
destruction  at  Kingston  is  mixed  up  with  a 


12  s.x.  MAR.  25, 1922.]        NOTES   AND   QUERIES. 


227 


record  of  the  owner's  great  care  of  the  oak  stair- 
case, and  the  destruction  of  the  Banbury  inn  is 
-accompanied  by  the  sickening  exhibition  of  it 
in  London,  and  the  expression  of  delight  that  it  is 
not  going  to  America.  Side  by  side  with  these 
examples  of  Englishmen's  care  for  their  historic 
memorials  is  the  introduction  of  a  Government 
Bill  for  the  protection  of  ancient  monuments. 
What  is  needed  is  a  Bill  to  prevent  English 
people  from  being  humbugs  by  pretending  to  care 
for  their  history. 

J.  PAUL  DE  CASTRO. 

INSCRIPTIONS  IN  ASHWELLTHORPE  CHURCH, 
Co.  NORFOLK.  —  The  following  copies  of 
inscriptions  are  taken  from  the  MSS.  of 
Robert  Chaplin  of  Hapton,  Norfolk,  written 
in '1753:— 

The  following  large  black  marble  stones  lie  on 
the  floor  of  Lord  Thorp's  chapel,  in  Ashwelthorp 
Church. 

1st. 
Knyvett's  Arms. 

Here  heth  the  Body  of  Dame  Mary  Knyvett 
wife  to  Sr.  John  Knyvett  Knight  of  the  Bath. 
Who  departed  this  Life  ye  18  of  1713  being  in 
the  80  Year  of  her  Age. 

2d. 
The  next  Knyvett's  Arms  and  Crest. 

Joannis  Knyvett  Baro  hereditarius  de 
Berners,  a  Caroli  postliminio  Eques  Balnei, 
Antiquum  Genus  virtute  insignivit,  ad  exteras 
<Jentes  peregrinando  selectismos  condivit  mores  : 
Doctrinam  coluit  et  occuluit,  Ritu  solenni  adorvit 
Numen  ;  Regi  fidelitatem  late  testatus,  Altare 
ditavit  Dei  Eleemosynarius  ;  Optimis  auspiciis 
uxorem  duxit  Mariam  filiam  Tho.  Bedingfield 
Equitis,  Conjugalis  amoris  nobile  exemplar,  sic 
Phoenix  in  Cineris  reductus,  Aeternam  manans 
renovationem.  Hie  jacet.  Obiit  Julii  28  :  1673. 

3d. 
On  the  next  Knyvett's  Arms. 

Here   lyeth   what    was   mortal    of    Muriel    ye 
youngest    Daughter    of    Sr.  John  Knyvett    Knt. 
of  the  Bath,  and  Dame  Mary  his  Wife,  she  dyed 
September  the  8  Day  1688. 
4th. 

The   next   is    a  large   Floor   Stone  next  Lord 
Thorpe's   Tomb,  which  seem  [sir]  never  to  have 
had  any  inscription  on  it. 
5th. 

Next  the  last  is  a  very  large  stone,  that  had 
formerly  arms,  &c.,  laid  in  Brass  into  the  stone  ; 
all  which  are  now  torn  away,  only  the  following 
old  Text  words,  on  a  Brass  rim.  fi.ia  &  heredu 
Edmund  i  Thorp  Militis  &  dne  Johanne 
quondam  dne  Skales  consortis  suae,  quae  obijt 
decimo  die  Mensis  Novembri  Anno  Dni  Millmo 

CCCXXXVI. 

6th. 

This  had  arms,  &c.,  laid  into  the  stone  in  Brass, 
all  wh.  are  now  gone  ;     only  a  squre  plate  with 
the  following  in  old  Text. 
Jane    Knyvett    resteth  here,    the   only  heir  by 

ryght, 

Of  the  Lord  Berners  that  Syr  John  Boucher  hight ; 
Twenty  Years  and  &  thre  a  widows  lyffe  she  led  ; 
Always  kepyng  howse  \vher  rich  and  &  pore  were 

fede, 


Geutyll.  juste,  qnyet,  vodye  off  debats  &  stryff, 
Ever  doying  [sir]  goo^i.  So  tbur.  she  led  her  lyffe. 
Even  unto  the  grave  wher  erth  on  erth  doth  lye. 

[The  next  line  is  erased.] 
The  17  of  Feburary  in  an.  dni. 
1561. 
7th. 

Next  the  last,  is  Knyvett 's  Arms  with  a  crescent 
for  difference  ;  and  : 

Deposita  Nathanielis  Knyvett  Armigeri  qui 
obiit  loo.  Die  Novembris  Anno  Dni  1659. 

8th. 
Knyvett's  Arms  and  Crest. 

Hie  situs  est  Thomas  Knyvett  Armiger 
Johannis  de  Balneo  Equitis  filius  natu  maximus. 
Qui  nobilem  a  qua  oriundus  est  Stirpem,  non 
minus  genorosa  Indole,  fide  antiqua,  spectaque 
omnibus  humanitate,  quam  Ingenij  acumine, 
acri  judicio,  et  exquisita  politiorum  literarum 
scientia,  expressit  ;  illustravit,  Spem  vero, 
quam  boni  omnes  de  illo  conceperant,  amplissi- 
mam,  praecox  Fatum,  eripuit,  Diuturni  enim 
morbi  dolpre  fractus,  vigente  adhuc  aetate, 
Caelebs  animum  Deo  reddit  4to  Kalend.  Octob. 
1693  aetatis  suae  37mo. 
9. 

The  next  has  Knyvett's  Crest  &  the  Arms 
quartered.  The  1st  &  4th  is  Knyvett,  the  2d. 
is  Boucher  ;  and  the  3d.  quarterly. 

Hie  jacet  insignis  heros  Thomas  Knyvett  Armi- 
ger, Baro  Hereditarius  de  Berners,  Titulo  a  Jana 
filia  Joannis  Bourchier  Baronis  de  Berners  traducto, 
Virtutibus  publiciis,  privatis,  sincera  Numinis 
cultu,  Moribur  antiquis,  prisca  animi  indole,  et 
veteri  prosapia  illustris,  leniori  saeculo  et  felici 
Caroli  secundi  postlimino  dignus,  sed  exhalanti 
Monarchae  vix  superstes,  Distichon  hocce 
Generosi  animi  specimen  propris  calamo  exaratum, 
posteris  legavit. 

Here  lies  loyal  Knyvett,  who  hated  anarchy, 

Lived  a  true  protestant,  &  died  with  Monarchy. 
Obiit  Junii  30  :  1658. 

10. 
Knyvett's  Arms. 

Here  lyeth  the  body  of  Mrs.  Mary  Knyvett, 
ye  third  daughter  of  Sr.  John  Knyvett  Knight 
of  ye  Bath,  who  departed  this  life  the  29  Octobr. 
1710  being  of  the  age  of  47  Years. 

WILFRED  J.  CHAMBERS. 
45,  Marine  Parade,  Lowestoft. 
[The    Latin    inscriptions    have    been    printed 
literatim.] 


©uerte*. 

WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries 
in  order  that  answers  may  be  sent  to  them  direct. 


PORTRAIT  OF  LADY  HARRINGTON. — Has  a 
portrait  of  Caroline,  Countess  of  Harrington, 
wife  of  William,  second  Earl  of  Harrington, 
been  reproduced  in  any  book  of  memoirs 
in  recent  years  ?  There  are  pictures  of  her 
by  Hudson  and  Cotes. 

HORACE  BLEACKLEY. 


228 


NOTES   AND  QUERIES.        [12  s.x.  11^.25,1922. 


HENRY  HOWARTH,  ADVOCATE. — This  well- 
known  barrister  is  said  to  have  been  born  in 
Herefordshire  about  the  year  1747.  He 
became  a  K.C.  and  was  M.P.  for  Abingdon, 
Berks.  In  March,  1781,  he  prosecuted 
Captain  John  Donellan  at  the  Warwick 
Assizes  for  the  murder  of  his  brother-in- 
law,  Sir  Theodosius  Boughton,  Bart. 
Howarth  figures  in  the  famous  '  Histories 
of  the  Tete-a-Tete  '  as  "  The  Admirable 
Advocate "  in  The  Town  and  Country 
Magazine,  vol.  xii.  121,  his  vis-a-vis  being 
Miss  Chippendale,  a  daughter  of  Thomas 
Chippendale,  the  furniture -maker.  On  May 
11,  1783,  he  was  drowned  in  the  Thames 
through  the  capsizing  of  his  sailing  boat 
"  within  sight  of  his  own  house  "  at  Mort- 
lake.  A  brother  of  Miss  Chippendale,  who 
was  with  him,  was  saved.  It  is  stated  in 
his  obituary  notice  that  he  was  buried  in  the 
Temple  Church  (Gentleman's  Magazine,  1783, 
i.  453).  Is  anything  known  of  his  ancestry  ? 
HORACE  BLEACKLEY. 

ROBERT  JOHNSON. — One  of  these  names, 
LL.B.,  Cambridge,  a  layman  and  married 
man,  died  Nov.  20,  1558  (Cooper,  '  Ath. 
Cantab.,'  i.  185,  551). 

Another  was  a  Fellow  of  All  Souls'  College, 
Oxford,  who  was  ordained  exorcist  at  Oxford 
in  September,  1556  (Frere,  '  Marian  Re- 
action ').  Is  anything  known  of  him  ? 

A  third,  LL.B.,  Cambridge,  1531,  incorpor- 
ated at  Oxford  in  1551,  became  Prebendary 
of  York  (Stillington)  in  1535/6,  Rochester  in 
1541,  and  Worcester  (first  stall)  in  1544, 
Prebendary  of  Hereford  (Putston  Major) 
in  1551,  Rector  of  Clun,  Shropshire,  in  1553, 
and  Prebendary  of  Southwell  and  Rector  of 
Bolton  Percy,  Yorkshire,  both  in  1558. 
He  appears  to  have  died  in  1559.  Is  the 
exact  date  known,  and  was  he  deprived  of 
his  Southwell,  Yorkshire  and  Hereford 
preferments  before  his  death  ?  I  think  that 
Cooper  (op.  cit.,  i.  203),  the  '  D.N.B.,'  and 
Gillow's  '  Bibliographical  Dictionary,'  throw 
no  light  on  these  questions,  but  am  unable 
to  consult  any  books  of  reference  at  present. 
JOHN  B.  WAINE WRIGHT. 

JOHN  AND  CHRISTOPHER  WRIGHT  (GUN- 
POWDER PLOT  CONSPIRATORS). — According 
to  Poulson  ('  Hist,  and  Antiquities  of  the 
Seigniory  of  Holderness  '),  John  Wright  had 
issue.  According  to  H.  H.  Spink  ('  Gun- 
powder Plot,'  1902),  Christopher  Wright 
married,  and  his  wife's  name  was  Margaret. 

The  last  heir  male  of  the  family  (vide 
Poulson)  appears  to  have  been  Francis 
Wright  (died  1864),  who  was,  however,  de- 


'  scended  from  William  Wright,  the  half- 
brother  of  John  and  Christopher.  In  W.  H. 
Byland's  edition  of  '  Grantees  of  Arms 
named  in  Docquets  and  Patents  to  the  End 
of  the  Seventeenth  Century,'  it  is  stated  that 
Robert  Wright  of  Plowland  (father  of  the 
conspirators)  had  gift  of  coat  and  crest  and 
confirmation  of  quarterings,  by  Flower 
('Visitation  of  Yorkshire,'  1563  and  1564). 
The  arms  and  crest  are  given  in  '  A  Com- 
plete Body  of  Heraldry  '  ( J.  Edmondson, 
1780),  "  Or,  a  fesse,  cheq.  ar.  and  az.  between 
three  eagles'  heads  erased  of  the  third. 
Crest,  an  unicorn  passant  regardant,  quar- 
tered ar.  and  az.,  armed  or." 

John  and  Christopher  Wright  were  slain 
at  Holbeache  House,  Staffs,  in  1605. 

1.  Is  anything  known  of  the  descendants 
of   the  conspirators   John   and   Christopher 
Wright  ? 

2.  Is  anything  known  of  the  ancestry  of 
John  Wright  of  Plowland  Hall,  Holderness, 
grandfather  of  the  conspirators,  and  Sene- 
schal to  King  Henry  VIII.  ?    He  is  said  to 
have  "  come  out  of  Kent,"  33  Henry  VIII. 
(vide  Poulson).  G.  W.  W. 

MERCER  PORTRAITS  AND  SEAL. — -In  his 
'  Genealogical  Gleanings  in  England '  (2 
vols.,  Boston,  1901),  the  late  Henry  F. 
Waters,  A.M.,  abstracts  the  will  of  Francis 
Mercer,  clerk,  rector  of  Godmanston,  Dorset, 
Jan.  25,  1667,  proved  Jan.  31,  1668  (P.C.C., 
Coke,  fol.  8),  in  which  are  mentioned, 
among  others,  the  following  legacies:  To  his 
son  Francis  Mercer  of  the  City  of  Sarum, 
Wilts.,  ironmonger,  "  the  picture  of  my 
mother  and  her  wedding  ring  of  gold  and  one 
other  gold  ring  having  a  coat  of  arms  cut 
in  the  stone  that  is  set  therein,  my  silver 
seal  of  arms  .  .  .  the  pictures  of  my  late 
brother  Samuel  and  of  two  gentlewomen, 
with  all  the  cases  that  belong  to  them."  To 
son  Peter  "  the  picture  of  my  father  and 
the  case  thereof." 

The  parents  whose  portraits  are  mentioned 
above  were  Jean  [Cocquiel  dit  Le]  Merchier, 
native  of  Tournai,  and  Jeanne  Le  Clerc, 
native  of  Valenciennes,  who  were  married 
in  the  French  church  at  Southampton,  Oct. 
18,  1579. 

Much  concerning  this  family  may  be 
found  in  Waters's  '  Gleanings  '  (above),  in 
the  publications  of  the  Huguenot  Society  of 
London,  and,  for  the  earlier  generations 
before  their  coming  to  England  about 
1566,  in  Poplimont's  '  Belgique  Heraldique/ 

The  arms  which  should  appear  on  the 
"  silver  seal  of  arms,"  and  which  may  have 


2  s.x.  MA*.  25, 1922.]        NOTES   AND   QUERIES. 


229 


appeared  on  the  portraits  (?  minatures),  are, 
briefly  :  Argent,  three  trefoils  vert ;  on  a 
chief  gules,  a  leopard  passant  or.  Motto  : 
"  Die  quid  invides  coelo."  (See  Rietstap's 
'  Armorial.') 

Can  the  later  history  or  present  location 
of^ these  interesting  heirlooms  be  traced  ? 
M.  RAY  SANBOBN. 

Yale  University  Library,  New  Haven,  Conn. 

JOHN  FREDERICK  SMITH,  NOVELIST  (see 
9  S.  v.  377,  459  ;  vi.  14,  74—11  S.  vii.  221, 
276,  297,  375  ;  viii.  121,  142  ;  x.  102,  144, 
183,  223,  262,  292,  301). — -Can  any  readers 
help  to  compile  a  complete  list  of  the 
writings  (both  in  separate  form  and  in 
periodicals)  of  John  Frederick  Smith,  who 
'  had  a  thousand  readers  where  Dickens  had 
ten  or  Tnackeray  one  "  ?  I  am  familiar 
with  the  contributions  to  '  N.  &  Q.'  by  MR. 
RALPH  THOMAS,  cited  above,  also  with  the 
obituary  notices  (in  1890)  in  The  Athenceum 
and  The  Quarterly  Review,  and  with  the 
notices  in  Boase's  '  Modern  English  Bio- 
graphy,' and  in  Allibone  (ii.  2140  ;  Suppt. 
1360)  ;  but  no  comprehensive  list  is  known 
to  me.  Tne  British  Museum  representation 
of  this  author  is  meagre. 

P.  J.  ANDERSON. 
University  Library,  Aberdeen. 

H.  CROUCH,  ARTIST. — Can  any  reader  refer 
me  to  an  account  of  H.  Crouch,  a  water- 
colour  painter  in  the  first  half  of  last  cen- 
tury ?  He  does  not  appear  in  the  '  D.N.B.' 
or  in  Boase's  '  Modern  English  Biography,' 
or  in  Bryan's  '  Dictionary  of  Painters.' 
P.  J.  ANDERSON. 

University  Library,  Aberdeen. 

SCOTCH  COFFEE-HOUSES  AND  INNS  IN  THE 
EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY. — Is  there  anywhere 
any  list  of  Glasgow  or  Scotch  Coffee-houses, 
Taverns  and  Inns  in  the  eighteenth  century 
such  as  the  London  lists  contributed  by 
MR.  J.  P.  DE  CASTRO  ?  GERARD  BLACK. 

*  THE  NORMAN  PEOPLE.'  —  I  have  the 
second  edition  of  this  work,  published  in 
1874  by  Henry  S.  King  and  Co.,  65,  Cornhill, 
and  12,  Paternoster  Row,  London.  The 
volume  is  dedicated  "  To  the  memory  of 
Percy,  Viscount  Strangford." 

Charmed,  in  the  first  instance,  with  the 
Introduction  of  130  pages,  upon  testing  the 
accuracy  of  the  contents  I  found  the  author 
to  be  a  greater  offender  than  those  whom  he 
censured.  While  the  book  will  always  be 


useful    every    statement    requires    verifica- 
tion. 

Who  was  the  author  ?  Is  there  any  clue 
to  his  identity  in  the  first  edition  ?  Could 
he  have  been  Plantagenet  Harrison  ?  So 
important  a  writer  must  surely  have  been 
well  known  to  his  contemporaries.  I  have 
asked  some  historians  who  date  back  to 
the  eighties  of  last  century,  but  they  do  not 
know. 

It  would  be  of  considerable  interest  to 
genealogists  of  the  present  day  to  see 
biographies  of  the  author  of  the  above  work 
and  also  of  Plantagenet  Harrison. 

CLARISTTAN. 

ROYAL  ANTEDILUVIAN  ORDER  OF 
BUFFALOES. — This  Order  is  to-day  one  of 
the  largest  and  most  influential  fraternal 
societies  in  England.  It  is  claimed  to  be  of 
great  antiquity  and  it  would  be  interesting 
to  know  when,  where  and  by  whom  it  was 
founded,  and  the  origin  of  its  name.  Early 
references  to  the  Order  or  any  of  its  members 
would  also  be  interesting. 

ROBERT  GOWER. 

BERNARD  DE  GORDON. — Has  any  part  of 
the  '  Lilium  '  of  this  famous  old  Monopellier 
writer  on  medicine  been  translated  into 
English  ?  J.  M.  BULLOCH. 

THE  COUNTESS  GUICCIOLI'S  *  RECOLLEC- 
TIONS OF  LORD  BYRON.' — Is  it  known  if 
these  were  actually  the  composition  of  the 
Countess  Guiccioli,  or,  as  a  reading  of  them 
seems  to  indicate,  were  they  a  compilation 
by  another  hand  of  material  supplied  by  the 
Countess  and  gatherings  from  other  sources  ? 

E. 

NICHOLAS  HILLIARD  (see  ante,  p.  168). — 
A  portrait  of  young  Francis  Bacon  at  18, 
painted  by  Nicholas  Hilliard,  was  in  the 
possession  of  John  Adair  Hawkins,  Esq., 
in  1828.  Can  anyone  tell  me  where  it 
hangs  now  ?  ALICIA  AMY  LEITH. 

10,  Clorane  Gardens,  Hampstead. 

WHITE  HORSE  ORNAMENT  IN  FANLIGHTS. 
— I  shall  be  much  obliged  if  someone  can  tell 
me  the  meaning  of  having  a  model  of  a 
white  horse  put  in  a  fanlight  over  a  hall 
door.  One  sees  them  usually  in  small 
houses  in  side  streets  or  in  suburbs  of 
medium-sized  towns.  M.  A.  P. 

"  BERWICK." — A  designation  well  re- 
cognized in  cattle  markets  and  by  dealers 
for  an  extra  large  pig  over  a  certain  weight. 
How  did  this  use  of  the  word  originate  ? 

Upton.  R.  B. 


230 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [12  s.x.  MAR.  25, 1022. 


EARLY  LIFE  OF  GEORGE  III. — Horace 
Walpole  ('  Memoirs  of  George  III,'  vol.  iv., 
p.  327)  states  that  that  monarch  up  to  the 
age  of  34  had  never  travelled  thirty  miles 
from  London — and  up  to  that  period  (1771- 
2)  had  never  seen  the  sea.  Surely  this  is  an 
exaggeration  ?  R.  B. 

Upton. 

COGET. — This  word  occurs  among  the 
place-names  of  Cockington  about  the  year 
1800  and  refers  to  a  long,  narrow  strip  of 
land,  over  300  yards  in  length,  which  tra- 
versed a  site  on  the  top  of  a  ridge  known  as 
'"  Butts."  It  is  written  twice  in  a  note- 
book of  that  date  as  "  Butland's  Coget  " 
and  "  Long  Coget."  The  letter  "  g  "  may 
be  intended  for  "  q,"  but  I  do  not  think  so. 
Can  any  reader  with  access  to  histories  of 
archery  identify  the  term,  or  is  it  possible 
that  when  archery,  subsequent  to  the  days 
of  Charles  I.,  fell  into  disuse,  this  long 
narrow  strip  was  kept  for  coursing  dogs, 
training  horses  or  some  such  purpose  ? 

HUGH  R.  WATKIN. 

Chelston  Hall,  Torquay. 

EDWARD  STEPHENSON,  formerly  Governor 
in  the  East  Indies,  was  buried  in  Cros- 
thwaite  churchyard  in  1768  ag>  d  77.  Par- 
ticulars of  his  career  wanted.  W.  N.  L. 

WREN. — 1.  Thomas  Wren  of  Seatoller  is 
bu~i  d  in  Crosthwaite  churchyard,  Cumber- 
land. Headstone  there  dated  1750.  Can 
anyone  give  particulars  of  him  ?  Was  he  a 
relation  of  the  Wrens  of  Co.  Durham. 

2.  In  the  marriage  registers  of  the  same 
church,  Mr.  Justice  Wren  was  one  of  those 
who  officiated  at  marriages,  1650-57.  Who 
was  he  ?  W.  N.  L. 

WILLIAM  DANIEL  CONYBEARE,  DEAN  OF 
LLANDAFF. — When  and  whom  did  he 
marry  ?  The  '  D.N.B.,'  »ii.  61,  merely 
states  that  he  married  in  1814. 

G.  F.  R.  B. 

GEORGE  COLMAN,  SEN. — His  wife,  whose 
name  was  Ford,  is  said  to  have  been  an 
actress.  What  was  the  date  of  their  mar- 
riage and  where  did  it  take  place  ?  What 
were  her  Christian  names  and  where  did 
she  act  ?  Instead  of  "  his  entire  stay  "  at 
Westminster  School  lasting  "  five  years," 
as  stated  in  the  '  D.N.B.,'  vol.  xi.  390,  it 
was  nearly  double  that  length,  for  he  was 
admitted  to  the  school  in  October,  1741, 
-and  left  in  June,  1751.  G.  F.  R.  B. 

COSSENS,  HANTS. — Pedigree  wanted. 

CLARIORES  E  TENEBRIS. 


HAMLET  MARSHALL,  rector  of  Padworth, 
Berks,  1600-7,  Old  Aylesford,  Hants,  1616- 
33.  Was  he  one  of  the  family  of  Marshall 
of  Abbotts  Ann,  Hants  ? 

CLARIORES  E  TENEBRIS. 

THOMAS  DICKSON,  born  1769,  died  at  St. 
Vincent,  June  14,  1841.  He  was  Crown  and 
Colony  Surveyor,  which  he  held  for  many 
years.  I  am  anxious  to  know  the  name  of 
his  parents,  and  whether  he  married  and  had 
children.  JAMES  SETON-ANDERSON. 

39,  Carlisle  Road,  Hove,  Sussex. 

ALEXANDER  MENZIES  OF  CTJLTER 
ALLERS. — This  gentleman  married  (name  of 
wife  sought)  and  had  a  large  family.  I 
shall  be  pleased  to  learn  the  names  of  his 
daughters,  of  their  husbands,  and  any  de- 
tails of  their  descendants. 

JAMES  SETON-ANDERSON. 

39,  Carlisle  Road,  Hove,  Sussex. 

STORY  BY  EDGAR  ALLEN  POE  WANTED. — There 
is  a  story,  reputed  to  have  been  written  by  Edgar 
Allen  Poe,  of  a  young  man  infatuated  with  a 
beautiful  girl,  whose  teeth  are  so  beautiful  as  to 
focus  his  intensest  admiration.  She  contracts 
tuberculosis  and  dies.  One  night  this  young 
man  is  sitting  in  his  library  and  suddenly  looks 
down  and  sees  mud  on  his  boots  and  a  muddy 
shovel  and  pick  on  the  hearth.  On  his  table 
before  him  are  thirty-two  perfect  teeth. 

Can  anyone  tell  me  how  I  can  locate  this  story 
as  it  has  been  years  since  I  read  it  ? 

WILLIAM  A.   JAQUETTE. 


SIR  THOMAS  PHILLIPPS. 

(12  S.  x.  189.) 

FOUR    questions    are   put   by  CLARIORES  u 
TENEBRIS  : — 

1.  Was  Sir  T.  Phillips  a  herald  or  did  he 
only  collect  MSS.  for  his  library  ? 

2.  Are  his  MSS.  of  value  ? 

3.  Where  are  they  to  be  found  ? 

4.  Are  they  bound  in  volumes  ? 

If  Phillips,  as  seems  not  impossible,  is  an 
error  for  Phillipps,  and  the  person  meant  is 
the  well-known  Sir  Thomas  Phillipps,  Bart. 
(1792-1872),  the  answers  would  be  as 
follows  : — 

1.  Sir  Thomas  was  not  a  herald  in  the 
official  sense.  He  was  only  the  most  inde- 
fatigable collector  of  manuscripts  in  the 
nineteenth  century.  Some  account  of  his 
activities  may  be  read  in  the  '  D.N.B.'  and 
on  pp.  367-372  of  W.  Y.  Fletcher's  '  English 
Book  Collectors'  (1902).  A  curious  sketch 


12  s.x.  MAR.  25, 1922.]        NOTES   AND   QUERIES.  231 


of  Sir  T.  Phillipps's  peculiarities  appeared  There  is  a  catalogue  of  his  MSS.  in  the  North 
in  «N.  &  Q.,'  10  S.  iii.  462.  !  Library  at  the  British  Museum.  I  came 

2.  A  large  amount  of  money  was  spent  in  i  across  this  when  searching  for  the  '  Genea- 
forming  this  collection.  Mr.  Fletcher  quotes  |  logy  of  Adlercron  and  d'Arabin,'  privately 
Phillipps's  own  words  : —  :  printed  by  Sir  Thos.  Phillipps,  one  page,  folio. 

My  principal  search  has  been  for  historical,  j  An  extensive  collection  of  these  pedigrees 
and  particularly  unpublished  manuscripts,  whether  is  to  be  found  in  the  Bodleian  Library,  but 
good  or  bad,  and  particularly  those  on  vellum. ;  j  have  go  far  faiied  to  trace  the  one  I  am 
My  chief  desire  for  preserving  vellum  manuscripts  inr.uinfy  fnr  j  T  A  M  S  GTTTMAN 

arose  from  witnessing  the  unceasing  destruction !  looking  lor.  1ANTHE  A.  At.  B.  ^ILLMAN. 

of  them  by  goldbeaters  ;    my  search  for  charters        Hendon. 
or  deeds  by  their  destruction  in  the  shops  of  glue- 

irakers  and  tailors.  As  I  advanced  the  ardour  Sir  Thomas  Phillipps  of  Middle  Hill  did 
of  my  pursuit  increased,  until  at  last  I  became  not  hold  any  appointment  as  a  herald 
I  ^vJa^^ricT^haTw^as^d COin  &  word^'  and  j  although  his  researches  and  quests  were 

gHis  library  at  the  time  of  his  death  is   invariably  associated  with  heraldry, 
said    to    have    contained    30,000   MSS.     At 


He   did  not   simply  collect,    he    amassed 


l*u  l  non  s    Sothebv,   occupying   74  days  and  totalling 

<*v^UiUUi«ujLwii.    Lthe    reference    is,    apparently,    to     „„!   ~_~  '        „  , p<r        '     ,  •,   .  T& 

the  MSS.],  16  successive  sales,  occupying  74  i  £71,272  3s.  Qd.,  and  the  end  id  not  yet.  In 
days,  between  Aug.  3,  1886,  and  May  23,  1913,  providing  an  epitome  of  these  (Appendix 
have  produced  £71,272  3s.  6d.  and  a  considerable !  B.,  *  Notes  on  the  History  of  Sotheby's,'  by 
portion  is  still  unsold.  !  G>  D  Hobson,  M.A.,  F.S.A.,  1917)  it  is 

But  this  statement  leaves  out  of  account }  stated  in  a  note  "a  considerable  portion 
that  "  portions  have  been  sold  by  private  of  the  collection  is  still  unsold."  He  pub- 
arrangement  to  several  of  the  foreign  |  Iished  a  number  of  MSS.  and  all  these  are 
governments  ;  amongst  these,  however, ,  of  interest.  So  diversified  are  the  periodical 
were  no  English  ones  "  (Fletcher,  p.  370).  ;  auction  sales  from  his  library  that  almost 
Perhaps  the  £71,000,  &c.,  above  includes !  every  collection  is  enriched  thereby. 

13s.    3d.    realized    by    the    printed  ALECK  ABRAHAMS. 

books    at    three    sales    (Fletcher,    p.    371).  i 

When  Sir  Thomas's  omnivorous  methods  On  June  14,  1822,  he  purchased,  at  the 
and  the  huge  extent  of  his  collection  are  j  sale  of  Sir  Isaac  Heard's  library,  the  following 
considered,  it  is  inevitable  that,  while  it  j  manuscripts  : — • 

comprised    some    MSS.    of    great    intrinsic  i       '  Extract    from    Patent  Rolls  relating  to 
value,    there    should    have    been    items    of  i  Yorkshire  and  Devon' — pricepaid,£13  2s.  6d. ; 
very   slight   importance.     For   example,   in :' Pedigrees  of  Irish  Families,'  £13   13s.  OoL ; 
the     catalogue    of   a   well-known   library   I ;  '  Pedigrees  from  Pub.  Records,'  3  vols.,  folio, 
have   read   in  the  description   of  a  former !  £4    Is.    Qd. ;    and    many    others,    details    of 
Phillipps  MS.,  a  collection  of  Welsh  poetry   which  I  could  furnish.     I  do  not  know  where 
copied  for  Sir  T.   Phillipps,  that   13  pages  j  they  are  now  to  be  found.      A.  ALBRIGHT. 
of   the   original  are   omitted  and  that  the  i 
whole  is  very  inaccurately  copied.  CAP  OF  MAINTENANCE  (12  S.  x.  151,  195). 

3.  Where  indeed  !  If  in  quest  of  definite  |  — As  a  constant  reader  of  '  N.  &  Q.,'  may  I 
MSS.,  CLARIORE^  E  TENEBRIS  might  obtain !  express  my  admiration  of  the  gentleman 
some  further  illumination  by  consulting  |  who  discourses  so  feelingly  on  the  subject 
the  sale  catalogues  of  Sotheby,  Wilkinson  |  of  his  family  "  cap  of  maintenance  "  ?  He  has 
and  Hodge  at  the  British  Museum.  j  a  right  to  feel  proud  of  his  remote  ancestor 

At  10  S.  ii.  72,  a  collection  of  MSS.  i  of  the  county  of  Stockholm  who  won  that 
connected  with  Pembrokeshire  and  Car-  distinction  in  valorous  fight,  and  who  rose 
marthenshire  from  the  Phillipps  collection  to  the  rank  of  Captain  under  a  General  of 
is  said  to  be  in  the  Cardiff  Free  Library.  William  the  Conqueror,  what  time  that 
The  National  Library  of  Wales  at  Aberyst- '  intrusive  soldier  came  and  invaded  Britain's 
wyth  has  some  Phillipps  MSS.  of  genealogical  j  Isle.  But  what  a  pity  that  the  document 
and  heraldic  contents.  But,  of  course,  Sir  j  which  he  quotes  and  which  must  be  as 
Thomas  did  not  confine  himself  to  any  narrow  ancient  as  the  days  of  Good  Queen  Bess, 


field.     He  had  acquired  many  Oriental  MSS. 


that  age  of  venture  and  discovery,  should 


4.  Presumably  most  of  the    30,000  were   still  languish  and  lie  in  private  hands  !     To 
bound.  EDWARD  BENSLY.      |  commit  it  to  the  custody  of  the  Master  of 


232 


NOTES   AND   QUERIES.        [i2s.x.MAR.25,i022. 


the  Rolls,  that  indeed  would  be  wise  and.even 
expedient. 

As  to  the  particular  "  cap  of  maintenance 
which  he  was  the  fortunate  means  of  un- 
earthing from  the  bottom  of  an  old  deed- 
chest  in  the  City  of  Newcastle,  tattered  and 
torn  as  it  was  from  cruel  neglect  and  un- 
natural decay,  surely  the  Mayor  and  Cor- 
poration of  Newcastle  cannot  expect  Lon- 
doners to  travel  so  far  north  in  this  in- 
clement weather  for  a  sight  of  it  ?  Everyone 
comes  to  London,  sooner  or  later.  May  I 
suggest  the  South  Kensington  Museum  as  a 
more  convenient  asylum  for  a  relic  (however 
ragged)  so  venerable,  so  interesting  and  so 
important  ?  C.  S. 

LAMBERT  FAMILY  (12  S.  x.  182).— Since 
forwarding  my  notes  on  this  family  I  have 
come  across  the  following  additional  par- 
ticulars. The  Bishop's  father  was  buried 
at  Lisburn,  Dec.  30,  1689,  as  "  Mr.  George 
Lambert  of  Dundalk."  The  fact  of  his  wife 
having  been  of  a  Lisburn  family  sufficiently 
accounts  for  his  place  of  burial.  The  second 
husband  of  Bishop  Lambert's  daughter 
Susanna  was  Sir  Sheffield  Austen,  fifth 
Bart.,  Captain  Pepper's  Dragoons  (8th 
Hussars),  second  son  of  Sir  Robert  Austen, 
Bart.,  of  Bexley,  in  Kent,  by  Elizabeth, 
daughter  and  co-heir  of  Colonel  George 
Stawell  of  Cothelstone,  Somerset.  Sir  Shef- 
field succeeded  his  brother  in  the  title  in 
1743,  and  died  about  1758,  when  the 
baronetcy  went  to  a  cousin,  and  eventually 
became  extinct  in  1773.  Courthope,  who 
published  his  '  Extinct  Baronetage '  in 
1835,  evidently  was  not  aware  of  Sir 
Sheffield's  marriage.  H.  B.  SWANZY. 

EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY  POETS  (12  S.  x.  41, 
108).— 24.  John  Sharpe,  D.D.,  eldest  son 
of  the  Rev.  Thomas  Sharp,.  Archdeacon  of 
Northumberland  (1722-1753),  by  his  wife 
Judith  Wheler;  born  March  21,  1722-3; 
educated  at  Cambridge  University ;  ma- 
triculated at  Trinity  College ;  graduated 
B.A.  in  1743,  M.A.  in  1747,  B.D.  and  D.D. 
in  1759  ;  was  Vicar  of  Hartburn,  Northum- 
berland, Jan.  1,  1749— April  28,  1792  ; 
Trustee  of  Law  Courts  Charities,  1758- 
1792  :  Archdeacon  of  Northumberland, 
April  21,  1762— April  28,  1792  ;  Prebendary 
of  the  Ninth  Stall  in  Durham  Cathedral 
August  11,  1768— Sept.  10,  1791  ;  Perpetual 
Curate  of  Bamborough,  Northumberland, 
December,  1772— April  28,  1792  ;  Prebendary 
of  tne  Eleventh  Stall  in  Durham  Cathedral 
Sept.  10,  1791— April  28,  1792'  died  at 


the  College,  Durham,  April  28,  1792,  aged 
69  ;  buried  in  the  Galilee  of  Durham 
Cathedral.  Memorial  inscription  there. 

J.  W.  FAWCETT. 
Templetown  House,  Consett. 

JOHN  CHARLES  WILLIAMS  (12  S.  x.  121). — 
The  Fairish  (p.  122,  col.  2)  whom  the 
writer  says  he  cannot  identify,  is  probably 
Professor  "William  Farish,  M.A.,  of  Mag- 
dalene College,  Proctor  1792,  Moderator 
in  the  Math.  Tripos  1793,  who,  in  his 
lectures  as  Professor  of  Chemistry  1794 
and  Jacksonian  Professor  1813,  was  the 
first  to  introduce  the  application  of  chemistry 
to  manufactures.  Gunning,  in  his  '  Remini- 
scences,' mentions  Mr.  Farish's  efforts  when 
Proctor  to  prevent  improper  conduct  by  the 
undergraduates  at  Holy  Trinity  Church,, 
where  Simeon  was  vicar.  He  was  a  Fellow 
of  Magdalene,  B.D.  1820,  and  was  appointed 
vicar  of  St.  Giles,  Cambs,  in  1800. 

A.   G.   KEALY. 

"  ONCE  ABOARD  THE  LUGGER  "  (12  S.  X.  150, 

198). — This  is,  I  think,  older  than  Burnand. 
The  Era,  in  an  article  on  Dec.  12,  1912,  stated 
that  it  was  currently  believed  in  the  profes- 
sion that  the  famous  line  was  first  uttered 
in  one  of  the  blood-curdling  dramas  which 
were  presented  at  the  old  Bower  Saloon r 
in  Stangate,  Lambeth,  which  stood  on  a  site 
now  covered  by  St.  Thomas's  Hospital.  The 
foundation-stone  of  the  latter  was  laid  in 
1868.  The  Bower  Saloon,  which  afterwards 
was  called  the  Bower  Theatre,  was  a  place  of 
cheap  amusement  which  gave  many  famous 
actors  their  first  chance.  Among  those  wha 
appeared  there  in  their  early  days  wer& 
Robson,  Charles  Calvert,  James  Fernandez 
and  Joseph  Arnold  Cave,  the  Carthusian. 
R.  S.  PENGELLY. 

WILLIAMS  OF  ISLINGTON  :  TOMBSTONES  OF 
ST.  MARY'S  (12  S.  x.  188).— With  regard  to- 
the  disappearance  of  the  tombstone  of  Mrs. 
Rachel  Williams  from  the  churchyard  of 
St.  Mary's,  Islington,  MR.  GORDON  ROE  may 

j  be  interested  to  learn  that  1  he  Star  of 
April  1,  1921,  reported  that  200  tons  of  old 
gravestones  had  been  obtained  from  St. 
Mary's,  Islington,  by  the  Church  Council  of 

|  Hadley,  near  High  Barnet,  in  order  to 
pave  a  public  right  of  way  known  as  "  Dick 
Turpin's  Path,"  which  was  through  Hadley 
churchyard. 

MR.  ROE  is  correct  in  stating  that  when, 
in  1885,  a  faculty  was  obtained  for  the 
conversion  of  the  churchyard  of  uSt.  Mary's, 
in  Upper  Street  into  a  public  ^recreation 


12  s.  x:.  MAR.  25, 1922.]        NOTES   AND  QUERIES. 


233 


ground,  the  majority  of  the  gravestones 
were  stacked  in  the  vaults  under  the  church, 
though  a  certain  number  were  placed  against 
the  walls  of  the  recreation  ground.  Those 
stacked  in  the  vaults  remained  there  until 
1921,  when  the  path  in  question  needed  re- 
paving  and  the  District  Council  agreed  to 
do  the  work  if  the  Church  Council  would  pro- 
vide the  material.  By  what  means  I  do  not 
know  these  Islington  tombstones  were 
obtained  and  carted  to  Hadley,  where  they 
were  piled  in  a  heap  in  front  of  the  house  in 
which  Mr.  George  Robey,  the  comedian, 
resides.  Some  of  the  gravestones  were 
intact,  but  the  majority  had  been  broken. 
The  heap  was  described  as  about  50ft.  long, 
30ft.  broad,  and  about  4£ft.  high.  Many  of 
the  inscriptions,  The  Star's  correspondent 
stated,  were  quite  legible.  The  oldest  which 
he  noticed  on  a  cursory  inspection  was  dated 
1773,  but  most  of  them  were  dated  between 
1811  and  1831.  I  have  no  further  references 
to  the  subject,  so  I  assume  that  these  tomb- 
stones have  since  been  laid  down  to  pave 
"  Dick  Turpin's  Path." 

R.  S.  PENGELLY. 

PSEUDO-TITLES  FOR  "  DUMMY  BOOKS  " 
(12  S.  x.  129,  173,  197).— When  Mr.  Bamford 
Hesketh  erected  Gwrych  Castle  near  Aber- 
gele  he  made  the  library  so  large  that  he  had 
not  enough  books  to  fill  the  shelves,  and  Mr. 
George  Prichard,  a  Chester  bookseller, 
advised  him  to  have  a  number  of  false  book- 
backs  prepared.  These  were  secured  to  flat 
deal  boards  arranged  on  shelves  and  the 
glass  cases  locked,  much  to  the  chagrin  of 
many  an  innocent  book-worm.  This  pro- 
cedure gave  rise  to  a  saying  which  was  in 
common  use  in  Cheshire  and  North  Wales, 
"  Like  Hesky's  library — all  outside."  Who 
first  perpetrated  this  joke  of  false  titles  ? 

JOSEPH  C.  BRIDGE. 

Chester. 

'LA  SANTA  PARENTELA  '  (12  S.  x.  107, 
157). — Since  launching  my  query  I  have 
obtained,  through  a  correspondent  at  Cologne, 
a  little  more  information,  of  which  I  cannot, 
however,  guarantee  the  absolute  accuracy, 
with  reference  to  this  subject  in  one  of  the 
pictures  there,  to  which  I  referred.  I  should 
say  that  my  knowledge  of  them  was  only 
through  reproductions  in  the  second  volume 
of  *  La  Storia  della  Pittura  Veneziana,' 
by  Laudedeo  Testi  (Bergamo,  1915).  And 
in  this  particular  picture  the  names  are 
attached  on  scrolls  to  each  figure.  St. 
Anna  is  the  central  figure,  and  on  her  right 
are  the  three  Mary?  and  their  children.  On 


her  left  come,  in  the  following  order,  Effra, 
pointing  to  his  wife  Hismeria,  with  no 
children.  Then  Zacharias,  pointing  to  Eliza- 
beth with  her  child,  John  the  Baptist.  Then 
Eliud,  who  has  no  wife.  Then  Emion, 
pointing  to  his  wife  Emelian,  who  has  a 
child,  Servatius,  playing  with  a  toy  crosier. 
Now  the  only  St.  Servatius  that  I  know  of 
was  Bishop  of  Tongres.  He  died  in  384, 
and  an  account  of  him  has  been  written  by 
St.  Gregory.  If,  possibly,  this  child  repre- 
sents him,  then  it  would  point  to  this  being 
a  votive  picture  to  some  foundation  in  the 
Maastricht  See  to  which  that  of  Tongres  was 
transferred.  St.  Anna's  parents,  who, 
according  to  the  Italian  translation  of  the 
Spanish  '  Flos  Sanctorum,'  by  Ribadeneira, 
were  Stolano,  alias  Gaziro,  and  Emerentia, 
do  not  help  in  the  case. 

As  regards  my  miniature,  which  is  only 
If  in.  by  1  Jin.,  only  four  of  the  women  appear 
within  the  screen,  with  seven  of  the  children. 
To  prevent  overcrowding,  the  remaining 
three  women,  two  of  whom  carry  babies, 
appear  in  the  background  amongst  the  men. 
And  only  the  four  women  and  all  the  nine 
children  have  haloes.  F.  LAMBARDE. 

Siena. 

"  GREGOR  "  OF  THE  MOSQUITO  COAST 
(12  S.  x.  190).— I  doubt  whether  the  state- 
ment that  Gregor,  the  so-called  "  Cazique  of 
Poyais,"  should  be  charged  with  an  extensive 
series  of  frauds  is  altogether  justified.  His 
attempt  to  form  a  settlement  was  probably 
a  bona  fide  and  honest  adventure  which 
failed  owing  to  circumstances  over  which 
the  originator  had  little  control.  Sir  Gregor 
MacGregor,  as  he  is  called  in  the  '  D.N.B.,* 
was  the  grandson  of  the  Laird  of  Inverar- 
dran,  in  Breadalbane,  and  played  a  dis- 
tinguished part  in  the  liberation  of 
Venezuela.  There  is  a  considerable  litera- 
ture dealing  with  the  Mosquito  Coast,  of 
which  the  following  books  are  representa- 
tive : — 

Weatherhead,  W.  D.,  '  Account  of  the  Ex- 
pedition against  the  Isthmus  of  Darien  under 
Sir  Gregor  M' Gregor  '  (1821). 

Strangeways,  T.,  '  Sketch  of  the  Mosquito 
Shore'  (1822).  (This  contains  a  portrait  of 
MacGregor.) 

'  Proceedings  of  an  Inquiry  instituted  by 
Major-General  Codd  relative  to  Poyais'  (1824). 

Douglas,  J.,  '  Account  of  the  Attempt  to  form 
a  Settlement  on  the  Mosquito  Shore  in  1823  ' 
(in  his  '  Journals  and  Reminiscences  '). 

Beltran  y  Rozpide,  R.,  'La  Mosquita  :  Notas 
documentadas  '  (in  the  '  Bulletin  of  the  Spanish 
Geographical  Society,'  vol.  lii.,  1910). 

These  and  other  publications  on  this  sub- 


234 


NOTES   AND  QUERIES.        [ijs.x.MA».is,i«*. 


ject  are  in  the  library  of  the  Royal  Colonial 
Institute,  and  I  shall  be  pleased  to  show 
them  at  any  time  to  MB.  WILLIS. 

EVANS  LEWIN, 

Librarian. 

The  adventurer  in  question  called  himself  j 
"  Sir  Gregor  MacGregor,"  and  some  account : 
of  him  will  be  found  in  the  '  D.N.B.'     He ! 
had  served  in  the  British  Army,  but  in  the  j 
war     of     Spanish -American     Independence  | 
went  out  to  Columbia  with  an  expedition  j 
fitted    out    in    this    country    to    assist    the  | 
insurgents.     It  was  due  to  the  protest  of  the  ! 
Spanish    Government    against    this    expedi- 
tion being  permitted  to  sail  that  the  first 
Foreign  Enlistment  Act  was  passed.    Mac- 
Gregor distinguished  himself  by  his  bravery  ' 
in  the  field,  and  became  a  general  in  the  \ 
Venezuelan  Army  in  1817.     After  the  com-  j 
pletion    of    Venezuelan    Independence    he 
promoted    a    scheme    for    colonization    on 
the  Mosquito  Coast  on  the  east  side  of  Central 
America,    and    described    himself  as    "  His 
Highness  Gregor,  Cazique  of  Poyais."     The 
colonization   scheme   was   a   failure,   but   I 
do  not  think  it  was  correctly  described  as  | 
a  fraud.     MacGregor  was  a  man  of  ambition  j 
who  desired  to  found  a  new  state.     After 
his  failure  he  returned  to  Venezuela,  where  j 
in  1839  he  was  restored  to  his  rank  of  General. 
He  died  at  Caracas.         R.   S.  PENGELLY. 

12,  Poynders  Road,  Clapham  Park. 

TEMPORARY  FORDS  :  "  SAND  "  (12  S.  x. 
167). — I  do  not  know  Burringham,  but 
know  other  parts  of  Lincolnshire.  It  may 
be  safely  assumed  that  people  did  notj 
go  very  far  for  the  material  with  which  they 
made  the  temporary  ford,  and  had  to  clear 
away  the  obstruction  as  soon  as  possible,  j 
Probably  the  water  was  stagnant  in  the  j 
ditch  or  dyke  for  the  time  being,  and  the 
ford  was  not  in  an  expose'd  situation.  In 
a  place  like  Sunk  Island,  in  Holderness, 
close  to  the  Humber  mouth  and  exposed  to 
heavy  waves,  sea  banks  are  built  up  with 
material  dug  in  situ  from  behind  the  bank, 
the  sea  face  of  which  is  protected  by  chalk 
from  quarries  situated  higher  up  the  estuary. 
The  "  sand  "  in  this  case  is  warp,  that  is, 
Humber  mud,  a  mixture  of  clay  and  sand. 

L.  L.  K. 

WILLIAM  MEYLER  (12  S.  x.  190)  died 
March  10,  1821,  aged  65,  in  Abbey  Church- 
yard, Bath ;  proprietor  of  The  Bath  Herald 
and  one  of  the  magistrates  and  senior  com- 
mon councilmen  of  that  city.  He  was  a 
clever  writer  of  small  pieces  of  poetry  and 


published   in    1806   a   volume   of    '  Poetical 
Amusements.'  A.  ALBRIGHT. 

USE  OF  "  AT  "  OR  "  IN  "  WITH  PLACE- 
NAMES  (12  S.  x.  170). — Although  it  may  be 
the  fashion  now  to  say  that  an  event  took 
place  "  in  London,"  it  was  the  common 
practice  once  to  use  the  more  definite 
preposition  "at."  A  letter  to  Gabriel 
Harvey  ends  "  from  my  lodgings  at  London 
thys  10  of  Aprill  1579,"  and  the  title  page 
of  Marlowe's  'Edward  the  Second'  (1594) 
has  the  words  "  imprinted  at  London  for 
William  Jones  dwelling  neare  Holborne 
Conduit."  Similarly,  too.  of  Shakespeare's 
Sonnets  (1609)  and  of  several  of  his  plays. 
Thomas  Birch,  writing  of  Chaucer  in  1743, 
says  "  He  died  at  London." 

All  this  time  London  was  a  city  of  a 
reasonable  size,  with  boundaries  that  were 
pretty  well  known.  But  when  it  became 
the  great,  amorphous  monster  that  it  is, 
sprawling  with  all  its  inelegant  and  un- 
certain length  over  three  or  four  counties, 
then  people  began  to  say  that  this  or  that 
event  happened  in  London,  so  vast  and  so 
vague  were  its  outlines.  '  How  many  of  its 
denizens  know  nowadays  where  London 
begins  and  where  it  ends  ?  Is  Poplar 
London  ?  Is  West  Kensington  !  The 
ordinary  citizen  may  have  one  notion ; 
the  Post  Office  official  has  another  ;  the 
Parliamentary  canvasser  a  third.  These 
different  conceptions  of  London — there  are 
nineteen  of  them  altogether,  I  believe — 
may  impress  us  by  reason  of  their  variety 
and  their  number,  but  they  do  not  make  for 
lucidity.  T.  PERCY  ARMSTRONG. 

The  Authors'  Club,  Whitehall,  8.W. 

The  following  is  an  extract  from  the 
'  N.E.D.'  under  "  at  "  : — 

2.  With  proper  names  of  places  :  Particularly 
used  of  all  towns,  except  the  capital  of  our  own 
country,  and  that  in  which  the  speaker  dwells 
(if  of  any  size).  .  .  .  Formerly  used  more 
widely  :  at  Ireland,  at  London. 

Some  of  the  quotations  given  in  the 
dictionary  are : — "  A.D.  755,  at  Wintan- 
ceastre  (Winchester) ;  1258,  at  Lundene 
(London)  ;  1387,  at  Ireland  ;  1742,  at 
London  (from  Pamela}:'  I  generally  use 
"  in  "  with  names  of  places  which  are,  or 
were  in  former  days,  surrounded  by  walls, 
like  London,  Hull,  Newcastle,  Paris,  Vienna. 

L.  L.  K. 

Your  correspondent  RAVEN  notes  that 
we  always  say  "  in  London,"  never  "  at 
London "  ;  "at  Leamington,"  not  "  in 


NOTES   AND  QUERIES. 


235 


Leamington."  Surely  not  always  !  There 
are  differences  with  very  clear  distinctions. 
"  In  Leamington  is  to  be  found  a  wonder- 
working Spa  "  ;  "  The  delegates  fixed  the 
date  and  place  of  their  next  assembly, 
viz.,  April  1,  at  London."  Is  not  this 
quite  correct  ?  ''  At  "  would  seem  to  denote 
a  closer,  more  intimate,  more  practical 
connexion  than  "  in,"  which  merely  suggests  j 
the  locality. 

The   great   capital   is   no   abiding   home, j 
110     dwelling-place      to     the     countryman.  ; 
It  has  other,  more  remote  associations  for  j 
him.      "  In  Belmont,"   we  may  remember, 
was  a  lady  richly  left  to  whom  Bassanio 
swore  a  secret  pilgrimage.    "  In  Jerusalem," 
"  in  Rome,"  "  in  Mecca  "  are  many  pilgrims 
to    whom    these    sacred    places    are    also 
spiritual     capitals.       Bassanio      eventually 
made  his  home  and  lived   "  at  Belmont." 
The  votaries  of  Portia,  however,  will  ever 
seek  her  "  in  Belmont." 

VALENTINE   J.   O'HARA. 

The  Authors'  Club,  London. 

ADDISON'S  'SPECTATOR'  (12  S.  x.  168). — • 
An  edition  of  Steele  and  Addison's  '  Spec- 
tator' was  published  in  1753  by  J.  and  R. 
Tonson  and  S.  Draper,  with  frontispieces 
engraved  by  C.  Grignion  from  designs  by 
F.  Hayman,  a  friend  of  Hogarth.  The 
vignettes  of  Shakespeare  are  the  mark  of 
the  Tonsons,  derived  from  the  fact  that 
they  carried  on  business  at  "Shakespeare's 
Head  over  against  Catherine  Street  in  the 
Strand,"  almost  up  to  the  death  of  the 
last  member  of  the  house,  Jacob  Tonson 
(d.  1767),  a  great-nephew  of  the  founder 
of  the  same  name,  whose  partner  was  his 
brother  Richard.  It  was  therefore  this 
great- nephew  who  was  the  actual  publisher 
of  the  edition  in  question,  which  is  the  plain 
text  in  the  usual  eight  volumes,  12mo. 

W.  S. 

Harrogate. 

Lowndes  records  that  the  edition  of  Addi- 
son's '  Spectator  '  printed  by  J.  and  R.  Tonson 
and  S.  Draper,  with  vignette  titles  by  Hay- 
n  inn,  was  issued  in  eight  volumes,  8vo,  in 
1747.  ARCHIBALD  SPARKE. 

OXFORDSHIRE  MASONS  (12  S.  x.  89,  138, 
194,  214).— In  '  Memorials  of  S.  Paul's  Cathe- 
dral,' by  the  late  Archdeacon  Sinclair,  p.  235, 
it  is  stated  that  Thomas  Strong  of  Taynton, 
Oxon,  was  Master  of  the  Masons  at  the 
commencement  of  the  rebuilding,  and 
that  after  he  died  his  brother  Edward,  who 
had  from  the  first  been  associated  with  him, 


took  up   his   office  and  continued  it  to  the 
completion.     This  is  mentioned  on  Edward's 
monument  in  St.  Peter's  Church,  St.  Albans. 
The  monument  is  on  the  east  wall  of  the 
north  aisle,  and  is  of  light  veined  marble 
upward    of    10ft.    high.      At    the    top,    in 
the  middle,  is  a  bust   of  Strong.     The  in- 
scription records  the  following  particulars  : — 
Near  this  Place  are  Deposited 
the  Remains  of 
EDWARD  STRONG 
Citizen  &  Mason  of  London 

Whose  Masterly  Abilities  &  Skill  in  his  Profession 
The  Many  Publick  Structures  He  was  Employ'd 

in  Raising 
Will  most  justly  manifest  to  late  Posterity. 

In  Erecting  the  Edifice  of  St  Paul, 

Several  years  of  his  Life  were  Spent, 

Even  from  the  Foundation  to  His  Laying  the 

Last  Stone 
And  herein  (equally  with  its  Ingenious  Architect 

S    Christopher  Wren 
And  its  truly  Pious  Diocesan  Bishop  Compton) 

He  Shared  the  Felicity 

Of  Seeing  both  the  Beginning  and  Finishing 
of  that  Stupendous  Fabrick. 

In  Piety  to  his  God, 
In  Justice,  Fidelity,  Kindness  and  Charity  to 

his  Neighbour, 

In  Temperance,  Humility,  Contempt  of  the  World, 
and  the  due  Government  of  all  his  Appetites  and 

Passions 

In  Conjugal  and  Paternal  Affection 

In  every  Relation  :  every  Action  and  Scene  of  Life 

He  was  what  the  Best  Man,  the  Best  Christian, 

Would  desire  to  be  at  the  Hour  of  Death, 

He  died  the  8  h  of  February  MDCCXXIII, 

In  the  721  year  of  his  Age. 

Near  Him  lyeth 

MARTHA 

49  Years  his  most  Beloved  Wife. 
A  Wife  in  all  Respects  Worthy  of  Such  an  Husband 

She  Died 
ye  15th  of  lune  MDCCXXV  Aged  72  Years 

Their  only  Daughter 

Elizabeth  New  of  Newbarns  Widow, 

died  26  Octr  1747  Aged  71  Years. 

The  register  records  the  burial  of  th& 
above-named  persons  as  under : — 

1723/4.  Mr.  Edward  Strong,  Feb.  14. 

1725.  Mrs.  Martha  Strong,  widow  of  Mr- 
Edward,  June  20. 

1747.  Elizabeth  New,  November  1. 

A  Mr.  Thomas  New  was  buried  July  22, 
1736  ;  he  was  probably  the  husband  of 
Elizabeth. 

St.  Christopher's  or  Kitts's  quarries, 
situated  about  half  a  mile  south-west  from 
Burford,  produced  the  stone  which  was 
used  for  the  columns,  mouldings  and  tracery 
of  the  cathedral. 

In  the  south  transept  of  Burford  church, 
Oxon,  is  a  mural  tablet  to  Christopher 
Kempster  (d.  1715),  who  is  said  to  have 


236 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [i2S.x.MAR.25, 1022. 


assisted    in    building    the    cathedral    and 
dome  of  St.  Paul's. 

Can  any  reader  give  biographical  details 
of  Jasper  Lathom,  one  of  the  masons  men- 
tioned at  ante,  p.  89  ? 

L.  H.  CHAMBERS. 

Bedford. 

DEVONSHIRE  MSS.  (12  S.  x.  170).— The 
query  seems  to  refer  to  the  purchases  by 
the  Bodleian  Library  at  Sotheby's  in  April, 
1843  (Milles  Collection)  (see  Gentleman's 
Magazine,  July,  1843,  p.  72).  Milles's 
'  Risdon  *  and  '  Westcote  '  were  tran- 
scripts. The  Risdon  MS.  purchased  by 
the  British  Museum  (add.  MS.  36748) 
from  Sir  Thomaa  Phillipps's  library  was 
propably  earlier.  There  are  also  Westcote 
MSS.  at  the  British  Museum  and  another  is 
mentioned  in  Devon  Notes  and  Queries,  v.  52. 

M. 

BOOK-PLATE  OF  D.  ANDREWS  DE  SWAYTH- 
LING  (12  S.  x.  191). — Swathling  is  a  pleasant 
village  just  outside  Southampton  to  the 
north.  It  is  partly  in  the  parish  of  North, 
partly  in  the  parish  of  South  Stoneham. 
Writing  of  South  Stoneham  Church,  John 
Duthey  (*  Sketches  of  Hampshire,'  1839) 
says  : — • 

At  the  south  side  of  the  eastern  wall  is  a  monu- 
ment of  foreign  sculpture,  in  memory  of  Dummer 
Andrews,  Esq.,  and  of  his  daughter  Mary. 
No  dates  given.  No  doubt  MR.  PRICE 
could  obtain  full  particulars  from  the  in- 
cumbent of  St.  Mary's  Church,  South 
Stoneham,  near  Southampton. 

W.     COURTHOPE    FORMAN. 

The  arms  given  by  MR.  PRICE  are  ascribed 
by  Burke  to  Andrewes  of  Bisbrook,  in 
Rutland.  The  crest  is,  A  demi-lion  or, 
ducally  crowned  arg.,  holding  in  the  dexter 
paw  a  human  heart  gu.  There  is  a  pedigree 
of  the  family  in  Wright's .  '  History  of 
Rutland,'  and  a  short  pedigree  of  a  junior 
branch  in  J.  H.  Hill's  '  History  of  Langton.' 
In  the  crest  of  this  junior  branch  the  lion 
holds  a  human  head  between  his  paws. 

H.  J.  B.  CLEMENTS. 

UNIDENTIFIED  ARMS  (12  S.  x.  130,  199).— 
These  are  the  arms  of  the  Alberton  family, 
according  to  Papworth's  '  Ordinary  of 
British  Armorials '  and  Burke's  '  General 
Armory  '  ;  but  when  or  where  this  family 
flourished  I  am  unable  to  say,  as  I  find  no 
record  of  it  in  Bridger's  '  Index  to  Pedigrees 
of  English  Families'  (1867),  nor  in  *  The 
Genealogist's  Guide  to  Printed  Pedigrees,' 
by  George  W.  Marshall,  LL.D.  (1879).  The 


arms  given  by  Papworth  and  Burke  to  this 
Alberton  family  are  identical  with  those 
given  by  MAJOR  WILBERFORCE-BELL  of  the 
family  whose  identity  he  is  seeking  ;  and 
to  the  Alberton  arms  Burke  appends  the 
following  crest,  viz.,  A  pennon  in  bend 
gules,  staff  headed  sable  and  tasselled  or. 
Is  your  correspondent  sure  of  his  tinctures, 
as  Papworth  records  many  similar  arms  with 
different  tincturing,  and  with  the  bulls' 
heads  erased,  couped  and  cabossed  ? 

CROSS  CROSSLET. 

DERIVATION  OF  CHINKWELL  (12  S.  x.  93, 
157). — There  is  a  Chinkwell  Tor  on  Bone- 
hill  Down  in  the  parish  of  Widecombe-in- 
the-Moor,  Dartmoor.  It  is  marked  thus 
in  the  Survey  of  1810  as  well  as  in  1904. 
I  only  know  of  this  one  instance  of  the  name 
in  Devon.  It  is  on  the  east  side  of  the 
valley  of  the  East  Webburn,  some  600  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  stream.  Numerous 
springs  are  in  the  hill-side,  the  nearest  to 
the  tor  being  Slades  Well,  just  below  a 
hut  circle  a"nd  about  equidistant  from  and 
between  Honeybag  Tor  and  Chinkwell  Tor. 
As  the  ch  in  the  place-name  Chelston  can  be 
traced  in  record  to  the  soft  rendering  Shilstone, 
which  name  elsewhere  is  rendered  in  Domes- 
day Book  as  Selvestan,  meaning  a  dolmen, 
so  I  suggest  that  Chinkwell  would  be  the 
Anglo-Saxon  Sinc-wytt.  The  exact  signifi- 
cation of  the  first  syllable  may  be  open  to 
doubt.  The  A.S.  word  Sinc-geof  is  quoted 
by  Bosworth,  from  '  Boethius,'  by  Rawlin- 
son,  as  meaning  money-gift.  As  applied 
to  a  spring,  more  likely  the  adjective  is 
derived  from  the  verb  sincan,  and  simply 
means  the  sunken  spring.  There  cannot 
be  any  Roman  connexion  in  this  instance 
of  the  word. 

Similarly  Chigwell  would  be  Sig-wyll, 
from  sigan,  which  also  means  "  to  sink,  to 
fall."  HUGH  R.  WATKIN. 

Chelston  Hall,  Torquay. 

LAND  MEASUREMENT  TERMS  (12  S.  x.  48, 
96,  156,  198). — Correspondents  on  pp.  96  and 
198  appear  to  miss  one  simple  meaning  of 
the  word  "  warland,"  which  is  applied  to  a 
site  adjoining  the  river  Dart  at  Totnes.  It 
gave  name  to  a  small  religious  house  of  the 
Holy  Trinity  founded  in  1271  by  Bishop 
Walter  Bronescombe.  The  word  occurs  spelt 
in  various  ways — warlord,  w,rlotde,  la  w&re 
lande,  la  wortaid — and  meant  "  the  enclosed 
or  fenced  land,  probably  referring  to  a 
'  weir  '  or  rough  protection  of  wattles  built 
along  the  line  of  Warland  Street  to  check 


12  s.x.  MAR.  25, 1922.]        NOTES   AND   QUERIES. 


237 


the  water  at  high  tide."  See  '  History  of 
Totnes  Priory  and  Medieval  Town,'  in  which 
are  many  instances  of  the  name. 

HUGH  R.  WATKIN. 
Chelston  Hall,  Torquay. 

WILLIAM  SPRY  (12  S.  ix.  510;  x.  14).— 
It  may  interest  C.  H.  S.  to  know  that  a 
William  Spry  was  Governor  of  Barbados. 
He  left  an  only  daughter  and  heiress,  Wil- 
helmina,  who  was  married  on  Aug.  30, 
1792,  to  William  Earle  Welby,  eldest  son  of 
Sir  William  Earle  Welby,  Bart. 

JAS.  SETON-ANDERSON. 

39,  Carlisle  Road,  Hove,  Sussex. 

OLDMIXON  (10  S.  vi.  249,  416). — In 
casually  looking  through  some  numbers 
of  '  N.  &  Q.'  for  1906  I  came  across  notes 
regarding  this  family  at  the  above  references. 
It  would  be  interesting  to  know  whom  John 
Oldmixon  (1673-1742)  married  and  what 
issue  he  had.  In  this  connexion  the 
following  extract  from  The  Edinburgh  Adver- 
tiser, dated  Jan.  27,  1789,  may  be  of 
interest  : — 

In  the  84th  year  of  her  age,  Mrs.  Hannah  Old- 
mixon of  Newland,  Gloucestershire.  This  lady 
was  the  daughter  of  John  Oldmixon  of  Oldmixon, 
Esquire,  in  the  county  of  Somerset,  the  renowned 
antagonist  of  Pope,  and  the  great  Whig  historian 
of  the  last  century. 

JAMES  SETON-ANDERSON. 

39,  Carlisle  Road,  Hove,  Sussex. 

CEEESE  SAINT  AND  CHEESE  SACRIFICES 
(12  S.  ix.  130,  239,  255,  279,  335).— For 
sacrificial  gifts  of  cheese  see  '  Gregory  of 
Tours,'  quoted  by  H6fler  in  the  Archiv  fur 
Anthropoloqie,  new  series,  vi.,  p.  10  Ib. 
I  owe  the  reference  to  the  article  '  Kase,'  in 
Hoops' s  '  Reallexikon  der  Germanischen 
Altertumskunde.'  L.  R.  M.  STRACHAN. 

Birmingham  University. 

VERLAINE  AT  STICKNEY  (12  S.  ix.  429,  472' 
518  ;  x.  14). — May  I  be  allowed  to  supple- 
ment my  letter  under  this  heading.  On 
looking  through  some  volumes  of  cuttings 
the  other  night  I  came  across  an  article  which 
will  be  of  interest  to  ST.  SWITHIN  as  it  deals 
mainly  with  Verlanie's  bearing  at  Stickney. 
It  was  contributed  to  T.  P.'s  Weekly,  now 
happily  come  to  life  again  under  another 
name,  and  entitled  '  Paul  Verlaine  in  Lincoln- 
shire,' by  One  who  knew  him  there.  I 
extract  the  following  : — 

It  says  a  good  deal  for  Verlaine's  personal  bear- 
ing that  he  quickly  won  toleration,  and  presently 
popul  u-ity.  among  the  villagers.  One  of  Verlaine's 
Subjects  in  the  school  was  drawing.  This  was 
taught  in  class.  The  boys  liked  their  teacher, 


and  none  the  worse  because  his  unusual  English 
added  lightness  to  the  proceedings.  Red  faces 
grew  redder  with  suppressed  mirth,  until  suppres- 
sion failed,  as  Verlaine  turned  upon  one  rustic  pupil 
suffering  from  old-fashioned  influenza,  yet  guiltless 
of  the  use  of  the  handkerchief,  and  roared  out, 
"  Sweep  your  nose,  sir  !  sweep  your  nose  !  "  A 
difficulty  with  some  of  the  villagers  was  to  get 
at  Verlaine's  true  designation.  "  Monsieur  "  was 
taken  as  a  first  name,  and  they  wished  to  be 
respectful  to  the  genial  foreigner.  So  it  came  about 
that  he  found  himself  addressed  as  "  Mister 
Mossoo,"  to  his  own  great  enjoyment. 

Verlaine's  good  nature  was  great.  One  re- 
members how  t\vo  big  boys  used  to  presume  on  it 
in  the  long  walks  they  regularly  took  with  him. 
The  question  would  be  frequently  propounded, 
"  What  is  the  French  for  water  ?  "  The  answer 
would  be  duly  returned.  "  L'eau."  Then  the 
t\vo  would  be  bracketed,  "  Waterloo  !  How  is 
that,  monsieur  ?  "  Verlaine  would  give  desperate 
chase  as  the  two  boys  sought  safety  in  flight.  He 
took  it  all  in  excellent  part.  One  remembers 
teaching  him  to  charge  in  the  football  field,  the 
lesson  being  accompanied  by  practical  lessons  upon 
Verlaine's  person.  What  wonder  that  English 
boys'  prejudices  yielded  to  him,  and  they  voted 
him  the  freedom  of  the  country.  Verlaine  went 
to  the  plain-brick  Wesleyan  chapel  in  the  village. 
He  was  anxious  to  know  the  points  of  divergence 
between  church  and  chapel.  He  stored  up  one 
sentence  from  a  sermon,  and  would  roil  it  out  as 
a  stock  quotation,  "  This  question  is  shrouded 
in  impenetrable  mystery."  He  attended  the 
Sunday  School  anniversary.  .  .  .  Verlaine's 
quick  sympathy  appreciated  the  simple  ritual  and 
the  evident  reality  of  the  occasion. 

A  relaxation  which  Verlaine  allowed  himself 
j  was  a  trip  to  Boston  on  the  Saturday  school 
holiday.  The  mode  of  conveyance  was  &-  carrier's 
spring-cart.  Goods  were  carried  as  well  as 
passengers,  and  Verlaine  woijld  find  himself  mixed 
up  with  baskets  of  butter  and  eggs,  and  crates  of 
poultry,  and  bags  of  farm  produce. 

At  Boston  he  made  friends,  and  later  resided 
there  for  a  while.  VerMne  in  the  cn-rrier's  cart 
was  a  strange  figure.  He  used  to  make  He^er 
sketches  of  himself  wedf,ed  in  and  obscured  by 
large  countrywomen  with  exaggeratod  baskets, 
his  own  slim  figure  almost  at  vanishing  point 
under  the  pressure.  The  arrival  of  Verlaine's 
mother  at  Stickney  added  a  new  interest  to  the 

Klace.  She  had  a  room  over  the  tailor's  shop  over- 
>oking  the  rectory  grounds,  and  almost  beneath 
the  shade  of  the  noble  chestnut  trees.  She  knew 
no  English  at  all  and  must  have  found  the  village 
unutterably  dull  but  for  the  devotion  of  her  son, 
who  attended  her  with  gentle  assiduity.  This 
devotion  was  one  of  the  touches  quicklv  appre- 
ciated in  the  domestic  atmosphere  of  old  village 
I  life,  and  went  straight  to  the  hearts  of  the  people. 
His  speech  and  his  manners  might  be  outlandish 
and  fair  subject  for  their  clumsy  ridicule,  but  he 
was  a  good  son  to  his  mother,  and  public  opinion 
regarded  him,  therefore,  as  a  man  who  at  all 
events  had  the  root  of  tho  matter  in  him. 

The     arrival     of     Verlaine's     mother     at 
!  Stickney  does  not  agree  with  Lepelletier. 
W.  A.  HUTCH INSON. 
32,  Hotham  Road,  Putney,  S.W. 


238 


NOTES   AND   QUERIES.        [12  s.x.  MAR.  25, 1022. 


" MAYOR''  AS  A  WOMAN'S  TITLE  (12  S.x.  Shiringham's,  in  White  Hart  Court,  White- 
149). — Contributors  who  are  learned  enough ;  chapel ;  Wright's,  in  Artillery  Lane.  Some 
in  municipal  usage  to  answer  the  query  at  j  of  these  became  better  than  "  coffee-houses," 
the  above  reference  would  oblige  me  if  at  j  but  many  became  much  worse,  and  were 
the  same  time  they  would  give  the  correct  j  "  winked  at  "  by  the  officers  of  the  law 
title  for  a  woman  councillor.  A  paragraph  j  because  they  were  handy  for  occasional 
in  The  Times  for  April  6,  1921,  ran  as !  rounding  up  of  thieves  and  receivers  not 
follows  : —  |  collectable  in  market  places  like  Rosemary 

At  the  declaration  of  the  poll  for  the  Ilford  Urban  j  Lane.  Me. 

District    Council     Mrs.     Whitten,     a     successful  | 

candidate,  asked  the  proper  title  of  a  woman  j  MOON  FOLK-LORE  :  HAIR-CUTTING  (1£  S. 
councillor.  Mr.  Partington,  the  returning  officer,  x.  93)._My  mother,  when  we  were  children 
replied  that  she  was  Councillor  Mrs.  Whitten."  !  „,  (  had  «nmfl  hiir  fn  rut  fwhinVi  «la<*  id 

an     *  some  hair  to  cut  (which,  alas,  is 


If  she  were  the  wife  of  a  councillor,  she  would  be  j 
"  Mrs.  Councillor  Whitten." 

JOHN  B.  WAINE WRIGHT. 

Is  not  there  a  paralled  case  in  the 
instance  of  Mary,  daughter  of  King  Henry 
VIII.,  who  was  created  in  her  father's  life- 
time "  Prince"  (not  "  Princess  ")  of  Wales  ? 

R.  B. 

Upton. 

FIDDLERS'   GREEN   (12   S.   x.    130). — The 


no  t  the  case  no  w  !),  always  made  us  have  our 
hair  cut  at  the  new  moon,  the  idea  being 
that  as  the  moon  waxed  so  would  our  hair 
strengthen.  The  same  idea  exists  amongst 
the  Piedmontese  peasantry. 

S.  H.  Du  PARC. 

Hazlitt,  in  his  *  Faiths  and  Folklore,'  gives 
several  instances  at  pp.  14  and  20  of  persons 
on  the  continent  consulting  the  moon  before 
they  bled,  cut  their  hair,  pared  their  nails, 


'  E.D.D.'  gives  :     (a)  "An  imaginary  place  |  &c.,   and   Lean,   in  his  'Collectanea,'  gives 

used  as  an  expletive,"  with  a  quotation  from  !  others  in  this  country  under  '  Waning  of  the 

West    Yorkshire    dialect ;    (b)  "  A    sailor's   Moon,'  at  pp.  244  and  246. 

imaginary  paradise,"  with  a  Cornish  quota- 

tion  from  the  Folk-Lore  Record.  Thig  subject  wag  discussed  at  10  s>  iv.  29> 

116,   173,  234,  where  MR.  CROOKS  will  find 
much  interesting  information. 


The  'N.E.D.'  has:  "Fiddlers'  Green 
(naut.) :  a  sailor's  elysium,  in  which  wine, 
women,  and  song  figure  prominently 
(Farmer)."  The  quotations  at  the  reference 
would  appear  to  apply  to  the  "  place  used 
as  an  expletive,"  but  it  is  curious  that  the 


JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 
SIR  THOMAS  DINGLEY. — (11  S.  ix.  6  ;   12  S. 


an  expieuve  IT,    s  curious  mai,       3    x  9  8). —According  to  the  Visitation  of  Surrey, 

wandering    fiddler,  usually  in    his    lifetime  i  1623'    «  Mabell    ^sister    of    Wm.     Weston, 

\  P?^ar    PerSOr\  On,  thS   V^la?e    green'  i  Lord  Pryor  of  St.  Johns)    was  the  wife  of 
should  be  consigned  after  death  to  a  green  ,  John  Dinglev  of  the  Isle  of  Wight." 
in    the    neighbourhood    mentioned.        The        In  the  <6Oglander  Memoirs  '  it  is  stated  :— 
*   a  paradise   with   a  fiddler  I      DinglyecM£e  olso  into  owre  lsland  in  Byohard 

ye  Seconde's  reygn0,  being  of  an  awnti^nt,  fam  -ly 
in  Kent.  .  .  .  The  fyrst  of  this  fam  ly  that 
came  came  into  owre  Island  mafch"d  with  ye 
daughter  and  h3yre  of  that  a\in'k-nt  f am<  lye 
Balfe  de  Woolverton,  by  whom  they  nowe  injoye 
Woolverton. 

Woolverton  is  a  manor  in  the  parish  of 


sailor's  idea  of 

and  other  delights  is  more  easily  explained. 

C.  W.  FIREBRACE  (Capt.). 
Elmstone  Court,  Preston,  Canterbury. 

EAST  LONDON  "COFFEE-HOUSES  "  (12  S. 
x.  107). — Among  the  "  coffee-houses  "  in 
East  London  in  the  reign  of  Queen  Anne 
there  are  mentioned  in  various  places : 
Baldrey's,next  the  Church, Aldgate  Without; 
BouldeVs,  in  Church  Lane,  Houndsditch ; 
The  Black  Boy,  in  Prescott  Street,  Goodman's 
Fields  ;  Bland's,  in  Catherine  Wheel  Alley, 
Whitechapel ;  Brightman's,  near  Wapping 
Old  Stairs;  Draper's,  opposite  Leadenhall 
Gate  ;  The  Essex,  Whitechapel ;  Finch's,  in 
the  Minories  ;  The  Gun,  in  Mansfield  Street, 
Goodman's  Fields ;  Haverse's,  at  White- 
chapel Bars  ;  The  Marlborough,  in  Wellclose 
Square ;  Pear's,  in  Broad  Street,  Ratcliffe  ; 


Shorwell,    some    five    miles    south-west    of 
Newport.  ALFRED    T.    EVERITT. 

Admiralty  Boad,  Portsmouth. 

BURR- WALNUT  (12  S.  x.  191). — Is  not  this 
the  term  given  to  the  knotty  excrescences 
or  woody  outgrowths  from  the  trunk  of  the 
walnut  tree  ?  They  are  sometimes  two 
to  three  feet  across  and  a  f^ot  or  more 
in  thickness,  weighing  five  to  six  hundred- 
weights, being  generally  beautifully  mottled  ; 
they  are  highly  valued  for  veneers. 

ARCHIBALD  SPARKE. 


i2S.x.MAR.25,i922.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


239 


HIGHGATE  (12  S.  x.  132). — This  word 
naturally  occurs,  or  has  been  recorded,  as 
a  place-name  in  many  hilly  districts, 
although  the  places  so  described  may  be 
too  obscure  to  be  mentioned  in  gazetteers 
or  marked  on  maps.  In  the  three  south- 
eastern counties  alone  there  is  one  at 
Forest  Row,  Sussex ;  at  Hawkhurst,  Kent ; 
and  there  was  one  formerly  at  Dorking, 
Surrey.  An  early  instance  of  its  use  as  a 
surname  is  a  "  de  Hygate  "  in  Kent,  1263. 
Some  well-known  names  derived  from  it 
are  Haygate,  Heygate,  and,  in  most  cases, 
Hyatt,  Highett,  &c.  The  variations  in 
the  first  syllable  of  these  names  are  due  to 
the  unsettled  spelling  and  pronunciation  of 
Ugh  in  Middle  English.  E.  G.  T. 

HOLBOBN,  MIDDLE  Row  (12  S.  x.  94). — 
The  exact  date  of  the  demolition  could 
easily  be  obtained  by  application  to  the 
clerk  of  the  Holborn  Town  Council.  So 
far  as  my  memory  goes  I  should  say  it  was 
in  the  seventies.  As  the  object  of  the  re- 
moval of  Middle  Row  was  to  widen  the  main 
thoroughfare,  the  then  existing  owners  of  the 
property  must  have  received  compensation 
in  the  usual  way.  G.  W.  YOUNGER. 

2,  Mecklenburgh  Square,  W.C.I. 

This  was  demolished  in  1868. 

J.  ABDAGH. 

AUTHORS   OF   QUOTATIONS  WANTED    (12  S.   x. 
191).— These  lines  should  be  :— 
"  That  there's  on  earth  a  yet  auguster  thing, 

Veil'd  though  it  be,  than  Parliament  or  King." 
They  are  by  George  Wither.  The  passage  of 
his  '  Vox  Pacifica  '  at  the  end  of  which  they  come 
is  given  with  the  reference  p.  119,  ed.  1645,  under 
the  heading  '  Parliamentary  Quotation,'  at  10  S. 
iii.  494.  A  correspondent  in  an  earlier  number  of 
the  same  volume,  p.  206,  had  sent  a  ludicrous 
account  of  the  different  forms  in  which  the 
quotation  was  reported  when  made  in  the  House 
of  Commons  (Feb.  14,  1905)  by  Sir  Henry  Camp- 
bell-Bannerman.  To  drop  "  that  "  and  expand 
"  there's  "  to  "  there  is  "  is  of  course  legitimate. 
It  may  be  remembered  that  when  the  late 
Marquess  of  Salisbury  enlivened  a  speech 
with  a  saying  from  Tacitus  hardly  any  daily 
paper  got  the  words  right.  For  this  the  acoustic 
deficiencies  of  the  House  of  Lords  were  in  part 
responsible.  EDWARD  BENSLY. 


on  JSoofe*. 

Seneca  and  Elizabethan  Tragedy.     By  F.  L.  Lucas. 

(Cambridge  University  Press.  7s.  6d.  net.) 
MR.  LUCAS  begins  by  drawing  out  before  us  the 
old  contrast  between  classic  and  romantic.  His 
own  mind  leans  towards  the  romantic.  He  uses 
whatever  he  finds  ;  sets  things  down  as  they 
come  into  his  head  ;  ignores  differences  of  key 


or  tone,  and  rejoices  in  flights  which  carry  him 
in  an  instant  from  Sophocles  to  Mr.  Wells.  Litera- 
ture being  one  and  -eternal,  how  should  he  be 
tied  to  observance  of  succession  in  time  ?  What 
we  may  call  a  trick  of  anachronism  strikes  one 
in  a  few  instances  as  amusing  though  awkward — 
for  example,  "  Schopenhauerianism.  "  said  to  be 
ill-fitted  for  Seneca ;  but  becomes  somewhat 
wearisome  by  repetition.  He  waxes  sometimes 
extremely  fierce  (so  he  speaks  of  "that  lewd- 
minded  fiend  Tertullian  "),  sometimes  pontifical. 
He  confides  to  us  a  belief  that  the  majority  of 
mankind  are  such  hypocrites  as  to  take  in  even 
themselves  ;  and  goes  on  to  say  that  there  are 
few  abominations  worse  than  a  conscious  hypo- 
crite. Needless  to  say,  paradox,  epigram  and 
challenge  abound  ;  and  we  perceive  at  every 
turn  the  design  to  startle. 

Truth  constrains  us  to  say  that  we  regret 
some  of  this,  but  it  also  constrains  us  to  say  that 
in  spite  of  faults  of  treatment — some  more  and 
some  less  superficial — we  have  enjoyed  this 
study  and  recommend  it  as  intrinsically  a  good 
contribution  to  the  history  of  the  drama.  The 
account  of  that  history  before  Seneca  takes  us, 
inevitably,  over  very  well-travelled  ground. 
Yet  our  guide  has  so  fixed  his  halting-places  and 
so  contrived  the  grouping  of  his  facts  and  the 
arrangement  of  vistas  that  the  reader's  interest 
becomes  as  lively  as  if  the  subject  were  new. 
A  disputable  statement  here  and  there  (take,  for 
instance,  the  characterization  of  the  Latin  lan- 
guage) does  not  affect  the  value  of  the  outline  as  a 
whole.  The  study  of  Seneca  as  a  man  impresses 
one  as  having  been  very  congenial  to  Mr.  Lucas, 
in  the  sense  that  Seneca  presents  a  type  of 
character  for  which  he  has  much  shrewd  insight. 
He  sums  up  both  justly  and  sympathetically,  after 
a  sufficiently  full  account  of  Seneca's  life  and 
times.  Not  less  successful  is  the  treatment  of 
the  tragedies  of  Seneca.  The  relations  be- 
tween literature  and  the  life  of  the  time 
have,  indeed,  never  furnished  more  instruc- 
tive— albeit  one  may  call  it  pathological — 
material  for  consideration  than  in  the  days  of  the 
Empire.  Mr.  Lucas  again  handles  a  well-worn 
theme  with  admirable  freshness,  which  probably 
arises  from  a  perception  of  not  a  little  similaiity 
as  well  as  some  notable  contrast,  in  this  respect, 
between  the  days  of  Seneca  and  our  own.  The 
essential  qualities  of  the  plays  have  been  well 
apprehended,  and  they  are  illustrated  with  skill 
and  judgment,  both  as  to  what  repels  and  as  to 
what  is  fine  in  them.  In  turning  from  this 
chapter  to  those  which  deal  with  the  main  subject 
of  the  book,  the  influence  of  Seneca  on  the  Eliza- 
bethans, the  reader  will  find  himself  with  a 
sufficiently  clear  and  vital  conception  of  Seneca's 
woik  and  spirit. 

"  The  rising  infancy  of  English  drama  could 
find  nothing  in  classics  so  near  its  own  level  as 
the  declining  senility  of  Roman.  Nero's  Borne 
had  the  crudity  of  surfeit,  Elizabethan  England 
the  crudity  of  hunger,  his  Rome  the  cruelty  of 
over-sophistication  and  decadence,  her  England 
the  cruelty  of  raw  and  primitive  youth."  In 
these  sentences  Mr.  Lucas  sums  up  his  lively 
account  of  the  earlier  development  of  the  English 
drama  and  gives  his  explanation  of  the  strange 
preference  of  Latin  to  Greek,  of  Seneca  to 
Sophocles,  in  the  Renaissance.  The  explanation 


240 


NOTES   AND  QUERIES.        [  12  S.X.MAB.  25,1022. 


is  plausible,  though,  in  regard  to  peoples,  ,we 
think  expressions  of  "  youth "  and  "  age  " 
tend  to  be  used  too  frequently  and  taken  too 
literally.. 

Mr.  Lucas,  working  over  again  the  field  of 
Cunliffe's  monograph,  'deals  capably  with  such 
imitators  of  Seneca  as  Daniel,  Kyd  and  Marston, 
but  with  great  satisfaction  we  find  that  his  read- 
ing makes  him  more  and  more  sceptical  about 
the  bulk  of  Shakespeare's  supposed  borrowings. 
Even  the  parallel  between  '  Macbeth  '  and  the 
'  Hercules  Furens  '  noted  by  Lessing  ('  Quis 
Tanais  .  .  .  abluere  dextram  poterit  ?) — a 
clearer  example  than  most — -hardly  strikes  one  as 
more  than  a  coincidence,  the  thought  itself  being 
so  natural.  A  study  of  reputed  origins  is  under- 
taken somewhat  at  the  student's  peril :  post  hoc 
is  all  too  easily  turned  into  propter  hoc.  Mr. 
Lucas,  however,  does  not  appear  to  be  in  danger. 

Isaac  Greene :  A  Lancashire  Latvyer  of  the 
Eighteenth  Century.  By  Ronald  Stewart- 
Brown.  (Liverpool.  Privately  printed.  6s.  6d.) 
THIS  monograph  falls  into  three  parts,  of  which 
the  first  gives  an  account  of  Isaac  Greene.  Dying 
in  1749,  Greene  had  made  his  mark  in  the  life  of 
Liverpool  and  amassed  a  considerable  property 
in  manors  in  the  county.  Among  his  descendants 
in  the  female  line  is  the  Marquess  of  Salisbury. 
Yet  until  1911  no  one  had  succeeded  even  in 
identifying  his  father  ;  and  not  until  1920  could 
his  family  be  traced.  At  the  latter  date  Mr.  John 
Brownbill  found  among  Lancaster  Chancery 
Records  particulars  of  a  suit  which  have  enabled 
our  author  to  trace  the  line  of  Isaac  Greene's 
progenitors  back  to  the  late  fifteenth  century — 
a  piece  of  work  on  which  he  is  much  to  be  con- 
gratulated. The  Greenes  were  a  yeoman  family 
who  lived  at  Rainhill  and  Whiston,  in  the  parish 
of  Prescot.  Their  first  appearance  in  the  records 
— early  in  the  sixteenth  century — is  as  parties 
to  a  violent  dispute  over  a  piece  of  common 
pasture — known  as  the  Copt  Holt,  whereon  a 
magnate  of  the  neighbourhood  had  insisted  on 
building  some  houses,  which  the  Greenes 
apparently  took  upon  themselves  to  burn  down. 
In  the  late  seventeenth  century  from  farming 
they  turned  to  mercantile  life.  Edward  Greene, 
father  of  Isaac,  failed  in  business  and  went  abroad. 
Isaac,  born  in  1678,  was  apprenticed  to  an 
attorney,  and  his  industry,  ability  and  good 
fortune  brought  him  to  a  position  of  importance 
before  the  age  of  forty.  Already  he  was  the  owner 
of  several  manors,  and  of  land  in  near  half  a 
score  places  besides.  Trading  with  the  West 
Indies  may  well  have  been  the  source  of  his 
wealth — and  it  is  worth  noting  that  the  slave 
trade  did  not  rise  into  activity  until  after  his 
day.  The  purchases  of  Greene's  estates  make 
a  very  interesting  study,  for  which  the  researches 
both  of  our  author  and  of  Mr.  Brownbill  have 
discovered  abundant  material.  He  made,  rather 
late  in  life,  a  very  profitable  marriage  with  the 
heiress  of  the  Aspinwalls,  who  brought  him  the 
great  manor  of  Hale.  By  her  he  had  three 
daughters,  of  whom  the  youngest  married  Bamber 
Gascoyne  and  was  grandmother  to  that  Frances 
Mary  Gascoyne  who  became  the  first  wife  of 
the  second  Marquess  of  Salisbury. 
«  The  second  part  of  this  monograph  is  com- 
posed of  the  diary  of  Ireland,  Isaac  Greene's 


second  daughter,  who  married  Thomas  Black- 
burne  of  Orford.  Its  pages  relate — in  very 
simple  notes,  many  of  which  consist  of  little 
but  names — the  course  of  two  visits  to  London, 
and  a  visit  with  her  father  to  Scarborough, 
during  which  the  old  man  died  suddenly  of 
apoplexy.  Mr.  Stewart-Brown  has  supplied 
short  biographical  notes  to  the  names,  some  of 
which  carry  considerable  interest,  for  the  Liver- 
pool attorney  at  the  close  of  his  life  was  moving 
in  a  numerous  and  polished  circle. 

The  photograph  of  Isaac  Greene  from  the 
portrait  attributed  to  Hogarth  at  Hale  Hall 
shows  the  face  of  a  ton  vivant,  but  of  a  humorous, 
shrewd  character,  by  no  means,  if  the  broad 
forehead  is  to  be  trusted,  devoid  of  benevolence. 
The  portraits  of  Ireland  and  Mary  Greene  are 
also  given. 

Mr.  Stewart-Brown  has  not  only  arranged 
with  clearness  and  skill  his  interesting  material,, 
but  also  made  his  book  as  a  whole  decidedly 
readable. 

Early  British  Trackways.  By  Alfred  Watkins. 
(Hereford  :  The  Watkins  Meter  Co.  4s.  6d.  net.) 
THIS  little  book  puts  forward  with  great  en- 
thusiasm a  theory  that  prehistoric  trackways 
were  all  straight  lines  marked  out  upon  a  sighting 
system  by  experts.  The  sighting-lines,  or  "  leys," 
were  taken  from  and  to  natural  conspicuous 
features  of  the  landscape,  and  the  line  was  kept 
true  by  marking-points,  which  might  be  mounds, 
water,  trees,  blocks  of  stone  or  cuttings.  The 
author  offers  as  proofs  a  series  of  observations  in 
which  at  least  four  of  such  marking-points  are 
found  situated  in  a  straight  line  between  two  im- 
portant points,  the  terminals  of  the  trackway, 
and  he  claims  to  show  interrupted  remains  of  old 
"  leys  "  in  several  places.  He  illustrates  his  work 
with  a  considerable  number  of  excellent  photo- 
graphs ;  and  proceeds  to  interpret  place-names 
in  accordance  with  his  discovery.  It  will  be  ob- 
vious at  once  that  a  more  extended  study  is 
required  before  this  theory  can  be  taken  seriously, 
but  we  think  Mr.  Watkins  has  shown  that  his 
hypothesis  is  good  enough  to  be  more  widely 
experimented  with.  So  far  it  has  been  applied 
to  the  country  about  Hereford. 


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12  s.x.  APRIL  1,1922.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


241 


LONDON,  APRIL  1,  1922. 


CONTENTS.— No.   207. 

NOTES :— An  Early  Royal  Charter  hitherto  apparently  un- 
published, 241— Whitefoord  of  that  Ilk  or  of  Miltoun,  243— 
Mary  Seymour :  Lady  Bushell,  244— Old  London  Bridge — 
James  Fo"t,  Accra,  Gold  Coast,  245—"  Grave"  and  "  Gres- 
som  " — Shakespeare  and  the  Pelican  Legend,  246 — A  Seven- 
teenth-century Oxfordshire  Plumber  and  Glazier,  247 — 
Northern  Superstitions  of  To-day — Apprentices  to  and  from 
Overseas,  248. 

QUERIES  :— De  Heringeshae,  248— Sir  Henry  Johnson  of  Pop- 
lar—Rhymed History  of  England — Sermon  at  Paul's  Cross, 
1577— Mothering  Sunday,  249— Frances  Calderon  de  la  Barca 
— **  Southam  Cyder  " — Linnaeus  and  the  Mile  End  Nursery- 
man—Katharine Buckeridge  of  Ipsden.  Oxon— Henry 
White's  Diaries,  250— Busick— Henry  Furnesse — "  To  send  to 
Coventry  "—Barbara  Villiers— The  Rev.  George  Sackville 
Cotter — Holofernes  Cooke — The  One-legged  Lord  Mayor — 
"  Tour  d'ivoire " — Henry  Ellis  Boates  of  Liverpool — 
Wain  Wright's  Poem  on  his  Murder  of  Harriet  Lane,  251 — 
Erigena  quoted  by  Matthew  Arnold— Authors  wanted,  252 

REPLIES :— General  Clement  Edwards,  252— The  Vine 
Tavern,  Mile  End,  253— Barrel  Organs  in  Churches— The 
Montfort  Families— Epitaph  in  Tetbury  Church  Glos— 
Lazenki  Palace,  Warsaw :  Latin  Inscriptions,  254 — Latin 
Proverb :  Origin  Sought— De  Kempelen's  Automaton 
Chess-player— Chalk  in  Kent  and  its  Owners — Sur- 
names used  as  Christian  Names— Blue  Beard.  255 — 
Unidentified  Portrait  on  Wood  Panel— A  Gunpower  Plot 
in  1615— British  Settlers  in  America— Knaves  Acre,  Lam- 
beth—Descendants of  Richard  Penderell— '  Othello,'  256 
— "The  ball  and  mouth  " — Erghum — Armstrong — Freedom 
of  a  City — Arab  (or  Eastern)  Horses,  257— The  Cap  of 
Maintenance — Benjamin  Harenc — Heather  Family — Henry 
Howarth,  Advocate— George  Colman,  Sen. — Brothers  of 
the  Same  Christian  Name— Milk,  Butter  and  Cheese  Streets, 
258. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :— '  The  Pastons  and  their  England  '— 
'  Dante  :  Poet  and  Apostle '— '  The  Churches  of  the  City 
of  London  ' — Tales  by  Nathaniel  Hawthorne  ' — '  Lists 
of  Records  of  the  Treasury,  &c.f  at  the  P.R.O.' — '  A  Shake- 
speare Dictionary  ' — '  Bibliographies  of  Modern  Authors, 
No.  4.' 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


AN  EARLY  ROYAL  CHARTER  HITHER- 
TO APPARENTLY  UNPUBLISHED. 

I  NOW  send,  with  abbreviations  extended, 
the  second  of  the  two  charters  referred  to 
in  my  former  note  (12  S.  ix.  481). 

[A.D.  ?  1189.")  John,  Count  of  Mortain,  con- 
cedes and  confirms  to  Robert  son  of  Robert  fitz 
Harding  two  parks  and  deer-leaps  in  the  same  and 
warren  and  his  own  dogs  in  the  vills  of  Berue  and 
Inglescumbe. 

Johannes  Conies  Moretonie  omnibus  Vice- 
comitibus,  forestariis,  baillivis  suis  salutem* 
Sciatis  me  concessisse  et  hac  presenti  carta  mea 
conftrmasse  Roberto  filio  Roberti  filii  Harding  • 
ij  •  parcos  et  saltatoria  in  eisdem  parcis  et  waren- 
nam  et  canes  suos  in  villis  de  Berue  et  Ingles- 
cumbe illi  scilicet  et  heredibus  suis  habendum 
de  me  et  heredibus  meis  •  Quare  volo  et  firmitsr 
precipio  quod  ipse  et  heredes  sui  habeant  et 
teneant  illos  parcos  et  saltatoria  et  warennam 
et  canes  suos  in  illis  duabus  villis  de  me  et  heredi- 
bus meis  sicut  carta  patris  mei  •  Henrici  Regis 
Anglorum  testatur  •  Et  ne  quis  nostrorum  super 
hoc  eis  molestiam  inferat  vel  gravamen  •  Iliis 
testibus  •  Stephano  Ridel  •  Hainone  de  Valonniis  • 


Radulpho  Morin  •  Johanne  la  Werre  •  Magistro 
Alardo  •  Henrico  de  Munfort  •  Apud  Bristowe  • 

This  charter  (which  I  will  name  Charter  B) 
is  mentioned,  though  it  is  not  given,  by 
John  Smyth  of  Nibley,  in  his  '  History  of 
the  Berkeleys  '  (temp.  Car.  I.),  which  justi- 
fies a  pretty  safe  conjecture  that  it  is  a 
stray  from  Berkeley  Castle,  as  indeed  I 
suspect  the  former  charter  recently  pub- 
lished by  me  in  *  N.  &  Q.'  must  also  have 
been.  In  this  charter  Count  John,  who 
was  always  hard  up,  confers  extraordinarily 
generous  hunting  rights  on  Robert,  a 
younger  son  of  his  father's  old  friend  Robert 
fitz  Harding  of  Berkeley.  To  get  at  the 
date  of  it  we  must  first  fix  the  date  of 
another  charter  of  John  "(Charter  C),  which 
is  in  the  muniment  room  of  Berkeley  Castle, 
and  of  which  Jeayes,  in  his  '  Catalogue  of 
the  Berkeley  Charters,'  gives  the  following 
abstract  (p.  21) : — 

John,  Count  of  Mortaigne  quitclaims  to 
Robert  son  of  Robert  fitz  Harding  his  service 
due  to  him  for  his  land  until  he  [John]  repays 
to  the  said  Robert  the  60  marks  which  the 
latter  lent  to  William  Earl  of  Gloucester 
[Johns  father-in-law.] 

Witnesses. 

STEPHEK    RIDEL.  RALP  DE  AREDEN. 

HAMON  DE  VALOIGNES.         HENRY  DE  MUNFORT. 
RALP  MORIN.  MASTER  ALARD. 

JOHN  LA  WERRE.  Apud  Bristowe. 

If  from  this  test-clause  we  strike  out  the 
name  of  Ralf  de  Arden  we  shall  find  that 
the  witnesses  of  Charter  C  are  precisely 
those  of  Charter  B,  while  the  grantor, 
the  grantee,  a^d  the  place  of  testing  are 
also  identical.  We  may  conclude,  there- 
fore, that  both  charters  passed  at  the  same 
time.  The  first  three  witnesses  of  Charter  C, 
namely,  Stephen  Ridel,  Hamon  de  Valoignes 
and  Ralf  Morin  were  probably  John's 
witnesses,  while  John  la  Werre,  Ralf  de 
Arden  and  Henry  de  Munfort  attested 
probably  on  behalf  of  Robert  fitz  Harding. 
Ralf  de  Arden  ceased  to  be  Sheriff  of  Here- 
fordshire on  Sept.  29,  1189.  If  he  attested 
while  still  in  the  neighbourhood  as  Sheriff, 
the  date  of  the  charters  cannot  be  later 
than  Sept.  29,  1189.  But  the  subject- 
matter  of  this  Charter  C  suggests  a  date 
not  earlier  than  Aug.  29,  1189,  when  John 
married  Isabella,  daughter  and  heir  of 
William,  Earl  of  Gloucester  (ob.  1173), 
son  of  Robert,  Earl  of  Gloucester,  Henry 
I.'s  famous  bastard  son.  Between  Aug.  29, 
1189,  and  Sept.  29,  1189,  both  these  charters 
may  therefore  have  passed. 


242 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


In  Charter  B,  the  subject  of  our  immediate 
interest,  the  manors  mentioned  are  Berue 
and  Ingliscumbe,  which  are  the  modern 


Englishcombe 
joining      manors 


and     Barrow    Gurnay, 
near      Bath,      to 


ad- 
the 


south,  in  the  Hundred  of  Keynsham. 
It  is  evident  from  the  charter  that  these 
two  manors,  held  of  the  Honour  of  Berkeley 
though  situated  in  Co.  Somerset,  were 
within  the  regard  of  the  royal  forest  of 
Keynsham,  which  was  appurtenant  to  the 
castle  of  Bristol  as  we  learn  from  the  Patent 
Roll  of  8  Hen.  III.,  1224  (p.  429,  R.O.) 
wherein  P[andulf],  Bishop  of  Norwich  and 
Constable  of  Bristol  Castle,  is  ordered  to 
deliver  to  Reginald  de  Hurle  and  John 
Little,  the  King's  Castle  of  Bristol  cum 
bertona  et  foresta  et  chacia  de  Keinesham  et 
omnibus  aliis  ad  castum  illud  pertinentibus — 
to  be  held  of  the  Bang  at  pleasure.  This 
castle  and  borough  Henry  II.  had  conferred 
on  his  son  John,  but  not  absolutely,  as 
we  find  the  issues  duly  accounted  for  to 


the  Exchequer  in  1  Ric.  I.,  though  in  the 
absence  of  his  brother  on  Crusade  John 
appears  to  have  witheld  them  later  on,  at 
any  rate  until  his  return,  when  it  was  again 
taken  into  the  King's  hands.  John,  as  is 
well  known,  assumed  regal  airs  in  view  of 
Richard's  departure  for  Palestine,  never 
possibly  to  return.  And  this  charter  lends 
colour  to  that  fact,  so  evident  from  other 
circumstances,  because  by  the  terms  of  it 
he  confirms  to  Robert  son  of  Robert 
FitzHarding,  in  consideration  no  doubt  of 
money  much  beyond  the  60  marks  men- 
tioned in  Charter  C,  no^  only  enclosed 
parks  but  also  deer-leaps.  A  deer-leap 
consisted  of  a  portion  of  a  paling  so  con- 
structed that  deer  could  pass  from  forest 
or  from  chase  into  a  park  but  could  not  get 
out  again,  and  this  was  a  concession  utterly 
forbidden,  being  contrary  to  forest  law. 
True  the  charter  is  only  a  'confirmation  of 
a  royal  charter  of  older  date,  yet  it  is  for  that 
reason  a  confirmation  which  the  King 
alone  was  competent  to  grant.  It  is  in- 
teresting, in  passing,  to  note  that  the  men- 
tion of  deer-leaps,  warren,  and  dogs  hints  at 
the  possible  origin  early  in  the  twelfth 
century  of  the  Berkeley  Hunt,  so  famous 
still.  For  its  actual  origin  we  must  go 
beyond  the  Berkeley  FitzHardings  to  the 
original  Berkeleys.  Smyth  tells  us  (vol. 
i.,  p.  32)  that  King  Stephen  confirmed  to 
Roger  de  Berkeley  iii.  his  existing  grant 
of  free  warren  in  all  his  demesne  lands  of 
Berkeley.  A  fair  suggestion  might  suggest 


that  the  said  warren  was  first  granted  to 
his  father,  Roger  de  Berkeley  ii.,  the 
founder  of  an  Augustinian  Priory  at  Stanley 
St.  Leonards,  when  Henry  I.,  accompanied 
by  his  newly  married  wife  Adeliza  of  Loraine, 
kept  his  Easter  of  1121  at  Berkeley. 

Of  the  witnesses  in  the  test -clause  : — 
STEPHEN  RIDEL  was  John's  Chancellor. 
He  is  so  designated  in  '  Gesta  Ricardi,'  as 
well  as  in  a  Bristol  charter  of  approxi- 
mately the  same  date  (Corrv's  *  Bristol,' 
p.  208).  In  the  Pipe  Roll  of  1  Ric.  I. 
(p.  18),  we  find  the  Sheriff  of  Co.  Lancaster 
accounting  for  moneys  amounting  to 
£29  14s.  6d.,  "to  be  repaid  into  the  Ex- 
chequer by  Stephen  Ridel  for  Count  John 
who  had  them."  Lancaster  was  one  of  John's 
many  strong  castles  conferred  on  him 
by  his  too  generous  brother  early  in  1189. 
Stephen  Ridel  was  perhaps  a  son  of  Jordan 
Ridel,  Lord  of  Cossington,  Co.  Somerset, 
temp.  Hen. II.  (Collinson's  'Somerset,'  p.  434), 
and  doubtless  a  cadet  of  the  family  of 
Geoffrey  Ridel,  Justiciar  of  Hen.  I.,  who 
perished  on  the  White  Ship,  and  related  also 
to  Geoffrey  Ridel,  Bishop  of  Ely,  who  died 
in  1189. 

HAMON  DE  VALONIIS,  a  member  of  the 
Kentish  branch  (Pipe  Roll,  33  Hen.  II.) 
of  a  once-famous  baronial  family  who 
originally  came  from  the  coast  of  the 
Cotentin  (Eyton's  'Itinerary  of  Hen.  II.'), 
and  therefore  a  relative  of  Philip,  grandson 
of  Peter  de  Valoignes,  a  companion  of  the 
Conqueror.  He  appears  about  this  time  to 
have  been  Constable,  perhaps  Lieutenant,  of 
John's  castle  of  Bristol,  as  in  the  Pipe  Roll  of 
1  Ric.  I.  we  find  Hugh  Bardolf  (Sheriff  in 
1189)*  accounting  for  £73  4s.,  for  80  measures 
of  corn  "delivered  toHamon  de  Valoigniis," 

?ossibly  for  the  victualling   of  the  Castle. 
n  3  John  he  was  Sheriff  of  Cos.  Cambridge 

the    Deputy 
In    1196    he 
was  ^Justiciar  in  Ireland.     He  was  succeeded 


and    Hants    (3rd    Report    of 
Keeper    of   Public    Records). 


by  a  son  Hamon  the  Younger  ( '  Testa  de 
Nevil'). 

RALF  MOBIN  occurs  frequently  in  the  Pipe 
Rolls  of  the  time.  Thus,  in  33  Hen.  II. 
1186-7,  he  accounts  to  the  Exchequer  for 
£17  10s.  of  Winchester  money  (of  the  Royal 
Treasury)  which  had  been  lodged  in  the 
castle  (in  turre)  of  Northampton  and  lost 
through  ill  custody.  He  was  in  fact,  or 
had  been,  Sheriff  or  Under-Sheriff  of  Co. 

*  The  Pipe  Roll  of  1  Ric.  I.  chiefly  concerns 
the  last  year  of  Hen.  II.,  11 88- 1 1 89. 


12  s.x.  APRIL  i,io22.]          NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


243 


Northampton  (Eotuli  de  Dominabus,  xxxi., 
27,  29). 

JOHN  LA  WERRE  was  a  Gloucestershire 
tenant  to  whom  John  confirmed  the  manor 
of  Wick,  which  in  its  subsequent  name  of 
Wickwar  still  carries  on  his  name.  He  was 
lord  also  of  the  manor  of  Brislington,  Co. 
Somerset,  granted  to  him  by  Earl  John  at 
the  request  of  Isabella  his  wife  (Collinson's 
'Somerset,'  ii.  411).  In  this  year  (1189) 
he  owed  the  Exchequer  ten  shillings,  the 
balance  of  £9  Is.,  incurred  in  a  suit  against 
Hugh  de  Pinkeigne  (Pipe  Roll,  1  Hie.  I., 
p.  166).  He  died  in  14  John. 

HENRY  DE  MUNFORT.  Not  to  be  con- 
founded, I  think,  with  Henry,  son  of  Thurstin 
de  Munfort  of  Beaudesert,  Co.  Warwick 
(o.c.  1191),  a  tenant  of  many  manors,  though 
probably  of  the  same  stock.  In  a  grant 
of  Roger  de  Berkeley  iii.,  son  of  Roger  de 
Berkeley  ii.,  appear  as  witnesses  Maurice  de 
Berkeley,  Robert  his  son,  and  Henry  de 
Mumfort.  Late  Hen.  II.  ( Jeayes's  '  Catalogue 
of  Berkeley  Muniments,'  p.  15).  In  another 
charter  of  John,  Earl  of  Mortaigne,  to  Robert, 
third  son  of  Robert  FitzHarding  of  Berkeley, 
Henry  de  Munfort  (with  Hamon  de 
Valoignes)  is  also  a  witness  (ibid.,  p.  21). 
And  in  a  grant  of  Philip  Wace  to  Robert 
(fitz  Harding)  de  Berkeley  of  land  in  Tels- 
ford,  Co.  Somerset,  Henry  de  Munford 
and  Roger  de  Munford  are  the  principal 
witnesses.  .  Late  twelfth  century  (ibid., 
p.  27).  From  'Testa  de  Nevil'  we  learn 
that  he  was  tenant  of  the  manor  of  Wellow,  | 
Co.  Somerset,  in  John's  time,  and  so  must  j 
have  been  a  member  of  that  branch  of  the 
Munfords  which  gave  their  name  to  Far- 
leigh  Montford,  a  manor  which  though 
in  the  county  of  Somerset  was  also  in  the 
Hundred  of  Wellow  (see  Collinson's  map 
of  Somerset).* 

CHARLES  SWYNNERTON,  F.S.A. 


WHITEFOORD    OF    THAT   ILK    OR 

OF   MILTOUN:     WHITEFOORD    OF 

BLAQUHAN. 

(See  12  S.  x.  108,  153.) 

THE  Colonel  of  '  Waverley  '  was  not  the  only 
member  of  his  family  to  be  associated  with 
one  of  Scott's  novels,  while  a  third  member 

*  I  am  indebted  to  my  friend  the  Rev.  Canon 
W.  Bazeley,  the  distinguished  Gloucestershire 
antiquary,  and  to  the  Rev.  C.  S.  Taylor,  so  well 
known  for  his  '  Domesday  Studies,'  for  some  in- 
teresting references  to  Bristol  and  its  early 
charters. 


was  an  early  patron  of  Burns.  Sir  John 
Whitefoord  of  Blaquhan,  third  baronet, 
entered  upon  estates  much  encumbered  by 
the  mismanagement  of  his  predecessor,  and 
though  he  might  in  time  have  overcome 
his  difficulties,  the  failure  of  the  bankers, 
Douglas,  Heron  and  Co.,  compelled  him  to 
sell  all  his  estates.  It  was  on  the  occasion 
of  her  leaving  her  old  home  that  Burns 
addressed  the  lines  entitled  '  The  Braes 
of  Ballochmyle  '  to  Mary  Anne,  Sir  John's 
eldest  daughter ;  while  frequent  mention 
of  Sir  John  himself  is  made  in  the  poet's 
correspondence. 

Sir  John  Whitefoord,  second  baronet, 
was  considered  in  Edinburgh  circles  to  have 
"  supplied  the  ground- work  of  the  character 
of  Sir  Arthur  Wardour  in  the  *  Antiquary.'  " 

Five-and-forty  years  ago,  when  spending 
many  weeks  in  a  Scottish  country  house 
containing  a  large  collection  of  printed 
genealogical  works,  I  attempted  to  trace 
the  descents  of  the  different  branches  of  the 
Whitefoord  family,  and  to  fit  into  their 
places  the  names  which  occur  among 
my  own  people.  These  works  included 
"Hamilton  of  Wishaw "  (Maitland  Club, 
1831),  Craufurd's  '  Account  of  the  Stewarts,' 
(1710),  Nisbet's  'Heraldry,'  vol.  i.  (1721), 
James  Paterson's  '  History  of  Ayrshire,' 
vol.  i.,  Kay's  '  Edinburgh  Portraits  '  (1838), 
Fountainhall's  '  Historical  Notices,'  vol. 
ii.  (Bannatyne  Club),  '  Antient  Criminal 
Trials,'  and  Douglas's  '  Baronage  ' — though 
the  last  has  only  reference  to  the  marriages 
of  females,  the  Whitefoords  of  that  ilk  having 
ceased  to  be  territorial  barons,  and  their 
writs  having  passed  with  the  barony  into 
the  hands  of  the  Earl  of  Dundonald,  the 
purchaser.  From  these  works,  none  of 
which  deals  otherwise  than  incidentally  with 
the  family,  details  are  very  incomplete. 
But  two  things  stand  out  quite  clearly: 
one,  that  it  was  the  fate  of  one  after  another 
of  the  name  to  be,  not  perhaps  on  the  wrong 
side,  but  on  the  losing  side,  in  all  the  troubles 
of  their  times  ;  the  other,  that  when  the 
estate  of  Whitefoord,  Renfrewshire,  had 
been  lost,  together,  strictly  speaking,  with 
the  territorial  epithet  "  of  that  ilk,"  the 
main  line  of  the  family  went  on  in  Milntoun, 
Lanarkshire,  its  secondary  seat,  and  was 
often  called,  though  not  by  themselves, 
Whitefoord  of  that  ilk  or  of  Milntoun. 
The  last  of  this  line  mentioned  by  Nisbet 
is  Sir  John,  whom  he  leaves  with  the  ob- 
servation "died  without  issue  after  1689." 
A  writer  in  1721,  whose  subject  was  heraldry, 


244 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [iz  s. x.  APRIL  i, 


not  family  history,  might  probably  have 
said  of  many  another  that  all  he  knew  of 
him  was  that  he  was  alive  in  the  year  of 
Killiecrankie  but  dead  since.  That  he  did 
not  die  without  at  least  female  issue  appears 
from  one  of  the  papers,  which  I  had  taken 
with  me  to  Scotland.  It  runs  as  follows  : — 

The  Twenty  Ninth  Day  of  July  Seventeen 
Hundred  and  Seven  years. 

>•  Sir  John  Whitefoord  of  Miltoun  and  Dam 
Robina  Lockhart  his  Lady  a  daughter  named 
Barbara. 

Witnesses  Thomas  Carruthers,  Bookseller, 
Alexander  Kinkaid,  Goldsmith,  and  others. 
Child  born  Monday  Twenty  First  Instant. 

Edin'  8th  June,  1790.  Extracted  above  from 
the  Register  of  Births  &  Baptisms  in  the  City 
of  Edinburgh  per  George  Pirrie,  Depute  Sess.  Clk. 
paid  ten  shillings  &  sixpence  G.  P. 

This  is  endorsed  by  my  grandfather, 
Thos.  Blair,  "  Register  of  my  Mother's 
birth."  From  the  names  of  the  witnesses 
it  is  to  be  inferred  that  Sir  John,  who  had 
been  obliged  to  part  with  Miltoun  to  Sir 
John  Hamilton,  had  retired  to  unfashion- 
able quarters.  I  had  also  with  me  a  letter 
from  Allan  Lockhart  of  Cleghorn,  dated 
April  5,  1790,  enclosing  a  pedigree  of  his 
family  from  its  founder  down  to  himself, 
and  saying  of  his  uncle  James,  who  married 
Barbara  Wardrope, 

James'  fourth  daughter  was  married  to  White- 
foord of  Miltoun,  of  which  marriage  it  is  probable 
the  eldest  daughter  would  be  named  Barbara 
after  her  grandmother. 

And  does  not  Nisbet  himself  allude  to  this 
Whitefoord  on  another  page  than  that 
quoted  above,  "  Whitefoord  of  Miltoun 
married  a  daughter  of  James  Lockhart 
the  Royalist  "  ? 

Anyhow  Barbara's  place  in  the  Miltoun 
line  seemed  settled,  and  my  interest  in  the 
Blaquhan  branch  died  away,  to  be  revived 
some  years  later.  A.  T.  M. 

(To  be  continued.) 


MARY  SEYMOUR :  LADY  BUSHELL. 

AN  interesting  question  occurs  to  me  with 
reference  to  Mary  Seymour,  daughter  of 
Thomas  Seymour,  Lord  High  Admiral  of 
England,  Lord  Seymour  of  Sudeley,  and 
Catherine  Parr,  and  her  daughter,  Mary 
Bushell,  who  afterwards  married  Silas 
Johnson. 

I  am  informed  that  Mary  Seymour's 
name  is  not  given  in  either  Dugdale  or 
Francis  Sandford's  works,  although  it  is 
said  in  Messrs.  Hasties'  advertisement 
(v.  'N.  &  Q.,'  March  11)  that  her  name 


occurs  in  3  and  4  Edward  VI.,  cap.  xiv., 
by  which  her  father's  attainder  was  reversed 
and  she  herself  was  restored  in  blood. 

Now,  when  working  in  the  Vatican 
archives  many  years  ago,  I  found  in  the 
dispatches  of  Castegna,  Archbishop  of 
Rossano  and  subsequently  Pope  Urban  VII. , 
the  Papal  Nuncio  at  Paris  in  1570-1572 
('  Nunziatura  di  Parizi,'  1570-1572),  at  least 
one,  if  not  several,  mentions  of  a  nipote 
(granddaughter)  of  Queen  Elizabeth  of 
England,  whom  Catherine  de'  Medici,  at 
some  period  shortly  after  she  had  made 
peace  with  the  Huguenots,  wished  to  marry 
to  Henri  of  Navarre,  afterwards  Henri  IV. 
of  France.  This  was  about  October,  1570, 
if  I  recollect  rightly. 

Considering  the  relations  which  are 
known  to  have  existed  very  shortly  after 
the  death  of  Henry  VIII.  in  January,  1547, 
between  Elizabeth  and  Lord  Seymour  of 
Sudeley,  whilst  she  was  living  with  Catherine 
Parr  at  Chelsea,  and  the  fact  that,  according 
to  Messrs.  Hasties'  advertisement,  Mary 
Seymour  was  born  on  Aug.  27,  1548  (not 
1568  as  printed),  it  would  be  interesting 
to  know  whether  Mary  Seymour  may  not 
have  been  Princess  Elizabeth's  daughter  by 
the  Lord  High  Admiral,  and  whether 
Mary  Bushell.  may  not  have  been  the 
nipote  mentioned  in  Castegna's  dispatches. 
I  do  not  know  whether  there  are  copies  of 
these  dispatches  amongst  the  Roman 
transcripts  at  the  Record  Office,  and  un- 
fortunately, at  this  moment,  I  cannot 
look  up  the  matter  myself. 

I  am  informed  that  Sir  Edward  Bushell, 
Kt.,  was  of  Cleve,  Worcestershire,  that 
he  had  at  least  two  wives,  and  that  he 
had  two  sons  by  the  second,  one  of  whom, 
Thomas,  was  living  A.D.  1594.  Now  Cleve 
is  not  far  from  Catherine  Parr's  residence 
at  Sudeley,  so  it  is  probable  enough  that 
he  married  Mary  Seymour,  and,  moreover,  as 
Worcestershire  was  up  to  the  Civil  War  a 
most  Catholic  county,  Catherine  de'  Mediei 
would  have  every  means  for  obtaining 
information  about  Mary  Seymour  and  her 
children. 

I  am  under  the  impression  that  I  men- 
tioned some  particulars  about  the  nipote 
in  a  lecture  upon  the  '  Massacre  of  St. 
Bartholomew,'  which  I  delivered  before  the 
Huguenot  Society  in  June,  1886,  and  which 
appeared  in  their  Transactions,  but  of  this 
I  have  no  copy. 

In    view    of    Dugdale's    and    Sandford's 


12S.X.  APRIL  1,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


245 


silence   as   to   Mary   Seymour,   this  matter 
seems  worth  raising. 

I  %  What  were  Sir  Edward  Bushell' s  arms  ? 
I « Was   he   any   connexion    of   the   BusheU 
family  of    Liverpool,   to   whose  head,   the 
late  Mr.  Bushell,  there  is  a  statue  in  that 
city  ?  HUBERT  READE. 

Pontrillas,  Hereford. 


OLD   LONDON   BRIDGE. 

THOSE  who  have  read  the  recent  able 
articles  by  Mr.  W.  D.  Caroe,  F.S.A.,  in 
The  Journal  of  the  London  Society  for 
November  and  January  last  or  heard  the 
equally  valuable  lectures  on  the  same 
subject  by  Miss  Davis,  the  Lecturer  in 
History  at  the  University  of  London,  will 
be  interested  to  hear  that  I  have  just 
found  two  references  to  this  bridge  half  a 
century  or  so  earlier  than  1175,  when  Peter 
de  Colkirk  is  said  to  have  built  the  first 
stone  bridge. 

The  first  is  before  1123  and  occurs  in  a 
charter  of  Henry  I.,  printed  by  Stow  in  his 
'  London '  (ed.  Kingsford,  1908),  p.  22, 
directed  to  Ralph,  Bishop  of  Chichester, 
who  died  in  that  year  (which  fixes  its  date 
between  1100  and  1123),  and  directs  that 
certain  lands  given  to  Battle  Abbey  should 
be  free  (i.a.)  from  the  works  of  London 
Bridge.  This  charter  is  witnessed  by 
William  de  Pontlarche  at  Byrry,  which  I 
take  to  be  Bury  in  Hunts,  a  mile  from  Ram- 
sey Abbey,  of  which  place  the  chapel  there 
was  confirmed  to  Ramsey  Abbey  by  Henry  I. 
('  Chartulary  of  Ramsey,'  i.,  p.  246).. 

It  is  very  strange  that  fehis  entry  should 
have  been  missed  by  recent  writers  on  the 
bridge,  but  this  may  be  accounted  for  by 
the  fact  that  the  index  to  the  reprint  un- 
luckily omits  reference  to  it. 

The  other  new  reference  is  in  1130/1,  and 
is  to  be  found  on  the  Pipe  Roll  of  31,  Henry  I., 
when  Geoffrey,  Ingeniator,  was  allowed 
£25  for  two  arches  of  London  Bridge.  I 
would  hazard  the  conjecture  that  he  may  be 
the  Geoffrey  de  Valoines,  the  brother  of  the 
Robert  de  Valoines  who  in  1165/6,  1168  and 
1173  certified  as  to  works  at  Orford  Castle 
(Pipe  Rolls).  Geoffrey  received  a  regular 
salary  of  £10  12s.  lid.,  or  Id.  a  day  (see  Pipe 
Rolls)  till  he  was  succeeded  by  Alnod  or 
Alnoth,  who  received  the  same  salary  and  was 
employed  as  "Ingeniator"  to  destroy  Fram- 
lingham*  Castle  in  1174/5  (Pipe  Roll,  p.  108). 

These  new  and  earlier  dates  bring  us  back 


to  the  same  period  as  the  building  of  Bow 
i  Bridge  over  the  Lea  by  Queen  Maud  before 
|  her  death  in  1135.     Probably  both  bridges 
were  begun  simultaneously. 

The  connexion  of  William  de  Pont  de 
F  Arche  with  the  grant  of  (ante )  1 1 20  is  interest- 
ing, for  he  was  the  part  re-founder  of  South- 
wark  Priory  in  1 106,  and  such  Priory  had  much 
to  do  with  the  erection  of  London  Bridge. 

Pont- de-1' Arche  is  a  place-name  in  Nor- 
mandy (Eure),  or  one  might  be  tempted  to 
think  that  he  took  his  name  from  this  arched 
bridge,  the  more  especially  as  before  1134  he 
is  called  William  de  Ponte  Archarum 
(Round's  '  French  Documents,'  pp.  42  and 
55).  However,  as  I  shall  shortly  be  printing 
a  pamphlet  which  deals  (i.a.)  with  him  and 
his  family,  I  need  not  enlarge  on  it  here. 

I  am  now  trying  to  find  out  what  may  be 
in  Blomefield's  guess  that  Peter  de  Cole- 
church  or  Colkirk,  the  bridge -builder,  may 
have  been  from  Colkirk  in  Norfolk,  and 
shall  be  greatly  obliged  if  anyone  can  refer 
me  to  the  first  date  on  which  the  London 
parish  of  Colechurch  occurs,  and  also  tell  me 
the  surname  of  Richard,  the  Archbishop  of 
Canterbury  who  succeeded  Becket  and  who 
took  a  deep  interest  in  the  bridge. 

WALTER  RYE. 


*  *  The  Memorials  of  Old  Suffolk,'  p.  57,  adds 
Bnngay,  but  T  cannot  find  this  in  the  Pipe  Boll. 


JAMES  FORT,  ACCRA,  GOLD  COAST. 

THIS  fort  is  now  used  as  a  Government 
prison.  Having  occasion  to  visit  the  place 
on  business  the  other  day,  it  struck  me 
that  the  enclosed  inscriptions,  which  I  copied 
from  three  tombstones  in  the  old  court- 
yard, would  interest  the  readers  of  '  N.  &  Q.' 
The  stones  are  in  excellent  preservation 
and  are  carefully  tended  by  the  authorities. 

Sacred  to  the  memory 

of 

H.  SYKES  Esq. 

second  son  of 

Sir  Francis  Sykes  Bart 

of  Basildon  in  the  County  of  Berks. 

This  truly  accomplished  youth 

departed  this  Life 

on  the  .14th  of  January  1786 

in  the  17th  year  of  his  Age. 

He  was  Midshipman  on  board  the  Grampus 

Commodore  Thompson  when  at 

Anchor  near  Accra 

in  which  Fort  he  was  buried 

with  the  customary  Naval  honors. 

Blest  with  a  warm  and  Generous  Heart 
Sincere  in  Friendship  void  of  Art 
Undaunted  Courage  filled  his  Mind 
Where  Sentiment  and  Truth  combined 
His  various  virtues  made  him  blest 
Most  loved  by  those  who  knew  him  best. 


246 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


i  ax 


i.  iw 


His  friends  now  grieve  and  all  regret 
He's  paid  so  soon  great  Nature's  debt. 
And  as  their  grief  they  mutual  share 
Mutual  admire  parental  care 
That  caused  this  monumental  stone 
To  make  his  noble  virtues  known. 

Bequiescat  in  Pace. 

NOTE.  —  All  the"s"  letters  are  formed  thus: 
"f." 

JOSEPH  DAVIS 

of 
Boston  in  North  America 

Master  and  Supercargo 
of  the  American  brig  Cherub 

died 

at  this  place 
27th  Septr  1820. 
46 


This  stone 
upon  which 

the  tears  of  a  widow  and  brother  have  fallen 
on  the  other  side  of  the  Atlantic 

is  laid  by  their  care 
To  mark  the  spot  which  it  covers 

as  the  GRAVE  of  one 
whom  to  know  was  to  love. 

and 
to  testify  their  gratitude  to  those  STRANGERS 

who  shewed 

to  a  man  who  deserved  them 

the  rites  of  Hospitality 

while  he  was  living 

and  of  religion 
when  he  was  dead. 

Here 
Are  deposited  the  mortal  remains 

of 

JOHN  ANDERSON  Esqr 
Commander  of  Annamaboe  Fort 

aged  36  years 
who  met  his  death  at  Danish  Accra 

on  the  27th  December  1833 

By  the  accidental  discharge  of  a  gun 

In  the  hands  of  one  of  his 

most  intimate  friends 

This  marble 
is  erected  as  a  token  of  the  liveliest 

Esteem  and  of  sincere  regret 

Felt  by  the  unfortunate  author 

of  his  untimely  fate 


Bequiescat  in  pace. 

M.   E.   LORENA. 
73,  The  Bidge,  Accra. 


"  GRAVE  "  AND  "  GRESSOM." — On  a  very 
recent  order  Daper  of  the  House  of  Commons 
stood  the  following  notice  of  a  question  : — 

Maior  Christopher  Lowther, — To  ask  the 
Minister  of  Agriculture,  whether  he  is  aware  that, 
according  to  a  survey  taken  in  the  1 2th  year  of 
Queen  Elizabeth's  reign  by  the  direction  of  Her 
Majesty,  there  is  a  custom  in  the  manor  of  Holm 
Cultram,  Cumberland,  which  rHrT+s  that  every 
tenant  appointed  by  the  jury  or  collector  for 
his  turn  for  the  year  be  the  lord's  grave,  i.e., 


bailiff,  and  shall  yearly  collect  and  gather  the 
rents,  revenues,  and  issues  within  his  charge 
within  the  said  lordship,  and  further  that  tenants 
are  liable  to  pay  the  running  gressom  at  the  end 
of  every  five  years  according  to  the  ancient 
custom  of  the  said  lordship,  which  the  grave  has 
also  to  collect ;  that  this  custom  is  still  in  force  ; 
and  whether,  in  view  of  the  fact  that  a  tenancy 
is  rendered  very  irksome  by  the  obligation  to 
collect  rents  and  gressom,  he  will  introduce 
legislation  for  the  compulsory  enfranchisement  of 
all  lands  held  upon  that  or  similar  customs. 
[  Tuesday  ,  1 4th  March . ] 

Not  only  an  archaeological  but  a  philological 
interest  attaches  to  this  question  ;  and  the 
two  old  words  specially  included  therein 
invite  attention.  In  the  *  N.E.D.,'  the 
first  definition  of  "  grave,"  in  the  sense 
indicated  here,  is  "a  steward,  a  person 
placed  in  charge  of  property,"  but  this  is 
described  as  obsolete.  An  alternative  defini- 
tion is :  "In  certain  parts  of  Yorkshire 
and  Lincolnshire,  each  of  a  number  of 
administrative  officials  formerly  elected  by 
the  inhabitants  of  a  township."  The 
illustrative  quotations  range  from  c.  1200 
to  1710;  'but  there  is  none  for  "lord's 
grave,"  though,  quaintly  enough,  there 
are  two,  respectively  of  1524  and  1527, 
for  "  our  lady  greyffs  "  in  the  former,  and 
"  owr  lady  grayves  "  in  the  second  instance. 

As  to  "  gressom,"  it  is  to  be  noted  that 
gressome  is  given  in  the  '  N.E.D.'  as  "  variant 
of  gersum"  the  second  and  pertinent 
definition  of  which,  as  a  substantive,  is 
"  a  premium  or  fine  paid  to  a  feudal  superior 
on  entering  upon  a  holding."  Illustrative 
quotations  for  this  meaning  are  given  from 
1389  to  1851  ;  and  it  is  specially  interesting 
to  note  that  in  one  of  1708,  from  '  Termes 
de  la  Ley,'  "  Gersum "  is  declared  to  be 
"  an  obsolete  Word,  for  a  Fine  or  Sum  of 
Money."  In  view  of  its  present  use,  as 
well  as  the  present  use  of  "  grave,"  it  seems 
rash  to  attempt  authoritatively  to  label  any 
word  as  "  obsolete."  For  "  running  gressom  " 
in  Major  Lowther's  question  there  is  no 
illustrative  quotation  in  the  *  N.E.D.,* 
but  it  seems  to  be  constructed  on  the  same 
principle  as  "  hanging  gale,"  a  term  which 
was  freelv  used  by  politicians  when  dis- 
cussing the  Irish  land  difficultv  forty  years 
ago.  ALFRED  RQBBINS. 

SHAKESPEARE  AND  THE  PELICAN  LEGEND. 
— The  legend  of  the  pelican  is  found,  as 
Wright  noted,  in  '  Batman  vppon  Bar- 
tholome  '  fed.  1582),  fol.  1866  : — 

The  Pellican  louath  too  much  her  children. 
For  when  the  children  bee  haught,  and  begin  to 
waxe  hoare,  they  smite  the  father  and  the  mother 


s.x.  APRIL  i,i922.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


247 


in^'the  face,  wherfore  the  mother  smiteth  them 
againe  and  slaieth  them.  And  the  thirde  daye, 
the  mother  smiteth  herselfe  in  her  side  that  the 
bloud  runneth  out,  and  sheddeth  that  hot  bloud 
vppon  the  bodies  of  her  children.  And  by  virtue 
of  the  bloud  the  birdes  that  were  before  dead, 
quicken  againe.  (Furness,  '  Lear,'  var.  ed., 
p.  189.) 

This  may  be  the  source  of  Shakespeare's 
references  to  the  pelican,  in  '  Hamlet,' 
'  Lear,'  and  '  Richard  II.'  However,  H.  B. 
FORREST,  at 4  S.  iii.  594 (June 26,  1869),  "sug- 
gests that  Shakespeare  might  have'  drawn 
his  knowledge  on  this  point  from  '  Prodi  - 
gorum  ac  Ostentorum  Chronicon,'  Basileae, 
1557.  Moreover,  in  this  book  there  is  a  full 
description  of  the  '  Anthropophagi,  and  men 
whose  heads  Do  grow  beneath  their 
shoulders'"  (Furness,  'Hamlet,'  var.  ed., 
p.  342). 

As  the  two  works  quoted  preceded 
Shakespeare's  plays,  they  may  represent 
the  source  from  which  he  drew.  But  I 
wish  to  draw  attention  to  another  possible 
source.  It  appears  that  the  Pelican  in  Piety 
was  represented  in  church  decoration,  as, 
for  example,  if  I  remember  right,  at  Alding- 
ton, Kent  (Francis  Bond,  '  Dedications  of 
English  Churches,'  Humphrey  Milford,  Ox. 
Univ.  Press,  1914,  pp.  256-257).  Is  it 
possible  that  Shakespeare  saw  such  a 
representation  of  the  Pelican  in  Piety  ? 
He  could,  perhaps,  as  well  use  a  legend 
sculptured  or  carved  as  a  legend  found  in 
oral  tradition  or  in  print  (vide  my  notes, 
*  The  Cock,  the  Carving  of  a  Legend  '  (12  S. 
iii.,  168),  and  '  On  a  Legend  used  by 
Shakespeare'  (12  S.  iii.  297)).  It  would 
appear,  from  his  plays,  that  Shakespeare 
observed  the  interior  decoration  of  churches 
and  buildings.  Thus  he  wrote,  "  If  black, 
why,  Nature,  drawing  of  an  antick,  made 
a  foul  blot  "  ('Much  Ado  About  Nothing,' 
III.  i.  63-4),  and  Hunter  remarked, 
'  '  Antic  '  was  used  in  a  variety  of  senses, 
but  here  it  means  a  grotesque  figure,  such 
as  were  sometimes  drawn  in  black  on  the 
walls  of  country  churches  "  (Furness, 
'  Much  Ado  About  Nothing,'  var.  ed., 
p.  139).  More  definite  still  are  Borachio's 
words  in  reference  to  "  Pharaoh's  soldiers 
in  the  reechy  painting,"  "  the  old  church- 
window  "  and  "  the  shaven  Hercules  in  the 
smirched  worm-eaten  tapestry"  ('Much 
Ado  About  Nothing,'  III.  iv.  141-6). 
Such  quotations  increase  the  possibility  of 
Shakespeare's  having  observed  such  decora- 
tions as  the  Pelican  in  Piety. 

The    legend    itself,    however,    was    well 


known  in  Shakespeare's  time,  and  the 
immediate  source  for  it  in  his  works  can  only 
be  conjectured.  He  used  it  to  illustrate 
filial  ingratitude,  and  I  quote  the  passages 
in  which  the  legend  is  referred  to  : — 

Gaunt.    O !  spare  me  not,  my  brother  Edward's 

son  ; 

For  that  I  was  his  father  Edward's  son. 
That  blood  already,  like  the  pelican, 
Hast  thou  tapp'd  out  and  drunkenly  carous'd. 
('  Richard  II.,'  II.  i.  124-7.) 
Laertes'  love  for  his  father  is  illustrated  by 
it  in  the  lines  : 

To  his  good  friends  thus  wide  I'll  ope  my  arms ; 
And  like  the  kind  life-rendering  pelican, 
Repast  them  with  my  blood. 

('  Hamlet,'  IV.  v.  144-6.) 

Again  the  legend  is  used  in  '  Lear,'  and  in 
the  very  climax  of  the  play.      Lear  considers 
that  Edgar,  in  his  disguise  as  a  madman, 
is  reduced  to  that  plight  by  his  daughters : — 
Now  all  the  plagues  that  in  the  pendulous  air 
Hang  fated  o'er   men's   faults    light   on  they 
daughters  ! 

When  Kent  exclaims, '  He  hath  no  daughters, 
sir,'  Lear  adds: — 

Death,  traitor !  nothing  could  have  subdu'd  nature 
To  such  a  lowness,  but  his  unkind  daughters. 
Is  it  the  fashion  that  discarded  fathers 
Should  have  thus  little  mercy  on  their  flesh  ? 
Judicious  punishment !  'twas  this  flesh  begot 
Those  pelican  daughters. 

('  Lear,'  III.  iv.  66-74.) 

Here,  perhaps,  is  the  turning-point  in 
the  play,  as  Lear  seems  to  recognize  that 
his  own  unyielding  nature  has  found  its 
reflex  in  Regan  and  Goneril.  But  his 
fault  is  not  so  great  as  theirs,  and  thus  he 
tends  to  that  complete  reconciliation  with 
Cordelia,  whose  nemesis  is  proportionate 
to  his,  and  which  takes  place  at  the  hour 
of  their  death  and  reconciliation.  To 
understand  Lear,  it  is  important  to  under- 
stand the  legend. 

JOSEPH    J.    MACSWEENEY. 

A  SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY  OXFORDSHIRE 
PLUMBER  AND  GLAZIER. — An  interesting 
list  of  the  contracts  entered  into  by  a 
seventeenth-century  plumber  and  glazier 
of  Burford,  Oxon,  appears  in  a  Chancery 
suit  in  the  P.R.O.  I  have  not  found  the 
original  bill  of  complaint ;  the  following 
is  extracted  from  the  reply,  dated  1650,  of 
Edward  Scriven,  only  son  and  heir  of  the 
complainant,  John  S.  of  Burford  (Mitford, 
120/90).  In  consideration  of  a  marriage 
portion  of  £64  (half  of  which  was  paid  to 
the  complainant)  given  by  John  Brookes 
of  Lyneham  on  the  marriage  of  his  daughter 
Elizabeth  to  Edward  Scriven,  John  S.,  the 


248 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [12  s.x.  APRIL  1,1922. 


father,  assigned  to  his  son  a  moiety  of  his 
two  messuages  in  the  High  Street  of  Burf  ord, 
reserving  to  himself  "  the  liberty  for  a 
dinner  or  lodging  when  a  stranger  or  a 
friend  of  quality  came  to  visit  him."  He 
further  agreed  to  give  his  son  half  his 
"  tools  and  implements  belonging  to  a 
glazier  or  plummer,"  to  take  him  into 
partnership,  and  to  give  him  half  his  profits 
for  the  "  yearly  keeping  and  repairing  the 
leadwork  and  glazing  of  all  such  churches, 
houses  and  pumps  "  as  they  had  "  jointly 
given  several  bonds  or  engagements  there- 
for," viz.,  "  the  churches  of  Bampton, 
Fairford,  .  .  .  Bibury,  Bourton-on-the-Hill, 
Idbury  .  .  .  the  leadwork  of  the  house  of 
the  Honble  the  Lord  of  ffalkland  att  Tewe 
in  the  county  of  Oxon  .  .  .  the  lead  or 
plummers  work  of  the  Honble  William 
Lenthall  Master  of  the  Rolls  called  the 
Priory  att  Burford  .  .  .  the  leadwork  and 
plummers  work  of  the  house  of  Edward 
Hungerford  Esqre  at  Blackburton,  the 
leadwork  of  the  house  of  Robert  Jenkinson 
Esqre  at  Wallcott  in  the  county  of  Oxon 
with  divers  others." 

E.  ST.  JOHN  BROOKS. 

NORTHERN  SUPERSTITIONS  OF  TO-DAY. — 
Here  are  two  bits  of  northern  lore  worth 
preserving.  I  was  asked  the  other  day 
to  give  a  paper  on  '  Northern  Folk-lore  ' 
to  the  members  of  the  Middlesbrough 
Rotary  Club,  and  incidentally  mentioned  a 
Newcastle  incident  in  1650,  when  a  pro- 
fessional "  witch-finder  "  was  brought  from 
Scotland  to  test  some  thirty -odd  women 
who  were  •  charged  with  charlatanry.  I 
also  referred  at  some  length  to  a  famous 
Yorkshire  witch  named  Molly  Cass,  who 
lived  at  Leeming,  near  Bedale,  some  fifty 
or  sixty  years  later.  Love  potions  were 
also  referred  to,  and  at  the  conclusion  of  the 
paper  a  Yarm  nurseryman  announced  that 
Molly  Cass  was  not  dead,  insomuch  as  there 
was  a  famous  local  pear  known  by  that, 
name  which  he  believed  was  peculiar  to  that 
part  of  Yorkshire. 

Later  a  Middlesbrough  chemist  showed 
me  a  prescription  he  had  been  asked  to 
dispense  within  the  last  few  days  to  make 
a  somewhat  retiring  lover  more  ardent. 
The  prescription  consisted  of  2oz.  of  dragon's 
blood  and  2oz.  of  quicksilver.  The  young 
woman  who  brought  this  recipe  knew 
exactly  what  its  effect  would  be,  but  was 
not  quite  clear  as  to  how  to  apply  the 
mixture  when  she  had  got  it. 

To  these  incidents  I  might  add  that  this 


week,  as  a  member  of  the  St.  Vincent  de 
Paul  Society,  I  visited  an  old  woman  who 
lives  in  a  yard  near  the  river-side  at  Stockton  - 
on-Tees,  who  was  most  anxious  that  arrange- 
ments should  be  made  for  her  grandson,  a 
boy  of  twelve,  to  be  blessed  by  the  priest, 
so  that  he  "would  giv  ower  jumpin'  an* 
kickin'  i'  bed  an'  breeakin'  oot  inti  sweeats." 

J.  FAIRFAX-BLAKEBOROUGH. 
Grove  House,  Norton-on-Tees. 

APPRENTICES  TO  AND  FROM  OVERSEAS 
(see  ante,  pp.  29,  69,  106). — 

Allen,  Stephen,  son  of  Mathias  Allen  of  Virginia, 
Ship-Carpenter,  app.  to  Jno.  Hudford,  Cit.  and 
Barb.  Surg.  Consid.  £10.  1  Nov.,  1720.  (Inl. 
1/8,  fo.  47.) 

Jeffers,  William,  son  of  George  Jeffers,  dec'd., 
app.  to  Jno.  Browne  of  New  York,  Shipwt.  Consid. 
£10.  30  Aug.,  1719.  (Inl.  1/7,  fo.  202.) 

Looby,  Nathaniel,  son  of  Baptista  Looby  of 
Antegoa,  app.  to  Jacob  Heloquin  of  Bristol, 
Mercht.,  and  Lydia  his  wife.  Consid.  £100. 
16  Sep.,  1720.  (Inl.  1/47,  fo.  65.) 

Page,  Thomas,  son  of  John  Page,  Cit.  and 
Glover,  app.  to  Samuel  Carey  of  Boston,  New 
England.  Consid.  £20.  19  June,  1719.  (Inl. 
1/6,  fo.  225.) 

Snow,  Jno,  son  of  Jno.  Snow  of  Barbadoes, 
gent.,  app.  to  Edward  Halstead,  of  Clement's  Inn, 
Attorney.  Consid.  £150.  22  May,  1720.  (Inl. 
1/8-121.) 

White,  Nicholas,  son  of  William  White  of 
Mountserrat  in  W.  Indies,  Esq.,  app.  to  Joseph 
Woodward,  Cit.  &  Barb.  Surg.  Consid.  £60. 
2  Feb.,  1719.  (Inl.  1/7,  fo.  83.) 

Woolley,  Wm.,  son  of  Ezetrille  Woolley,  Cit. 
&  Mercht.,  app.  to  Dan  Bous  of  Barbadoes, 
Mercht.  Consid.  £40.  4  Jan.,  1718.  (Inl.  1/7, 

fo<  84')  GERALD  FOTHERGILL. 

11,  Brussels  Road,  S.W.ll. 


©uerte*. 

WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries 
in  order  that  answers  may  be  sent  to  them  direct. 


DE  HERINGESHAE. — Is  anything  known 
concerning  this  name,  which  occurs  in  an 
undated  deed  at  the  P.R.O.  (A12032)  ? 
The  document  in  question  is  a  release  by 
Adam,  son  of  Ric.  de  Kemestun,  to  Wm., 
son  of  John,  parson  of  the  church  of 
Kemestun,  in  consideration  of  half  a  mark, 
of  his  right  in  the  land  formerly  belonging 
to  Thory  de  Kemestun.  In  the  '  Calendar 
of  Ancient  Deeds,'  vol.  v.,  p.  233,  only 
five  of  the  twelve  witnesses  are  named, 
the  full  list  being :  Jn.  de  Oxewic,  Jn. 
his  son,  Alex.,  steward  of  Acra  Monachorum, 


12  S.  X.APRIL  i,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


249 


Helinald  de  Suthaera,  Will,  de  Heringeshae, 
Roger  de  Bestun,  clerk,  Wm.  son  of  Lam- 
bert, Rodland  de  Kemestun,  Philip  Blauet, 
Ralph  Gyel,  Wm.  son  of  Fulk,  Lambert 
son  of  Geoffrey,  "  and  others."  There  is 
a  seal  attached,  perishing,  with  the  legend, 
"  Sigil.  ade.  fil.  Ricar."  Now  Kempstone, 
Oxwick  and  Beeston  are  all  to  be  found 
within  square  BS,  section  xiv.,  plate  32,  of 
Bartholomew's  '  Royal  Atlas  of  England 
and  Wales'  (1898),  while  Castle  Acre, 
South  Acre  and  West  Acre  lie  to  the  west 
in  the  next  sguare,  AS.  All  the  places 
therefore  are  within  six  miles  of  Kemp- 
stone,  in  the  county  of  Norfolk.  But  where 
is  Heringeshae  ?  If  not  in  Norfolk,  or  even 
Suffolk,  with  what  county  is  it  to  be 
identified  ?  From  the  particulars  given, 
what  is  the  probable  date  of  the  record  ? 

S.  J.  MADGE. 
69,  Oakfield  Road,  Stroud  Green,  N.4. 

SIB  HENRY  JOHNSON  OF  POPLAB. — Can 
anyone  tell  me  who  was  the  mother  of  Sir 
Henry  Johnson,  Kt.  (shipbuilder  of  Poplar), 
d.  1719  ?  Sir  Henry  Johnson  had  estates 
at  Friston,  near  Aldeburgh,  and  married, 
as  his  second  wife,  Martha,  Baroness  Went- 
worth.  His  daughter  by  his  first  wife 
married  Thos.  Wentworth,  Earl  of  Strafford 
(second  creation).  C.  PRICE. 

Worcester. 

RHYMED  HISTORY  OF  ENGLAND. — -Can 
any  reader  say  where  a  complete  copy  can 
be  seen  of  a  rhymed  history  of  the  Kings  of 
England  and  their  dates,  beginning 

In  1066  Conquest  did  the  Normans  fix. 

R.  A.  S.  PAGET. 

SERMON  AT  PAUL'S  CROSS,  1577. — In  the 
McAlpin  Collection  of  British  History  and 
Theology  belonging  to  the  Union  Theological 
Seminary  in  New  York,  there  is  a  sermon 
preached  at  Paul's  Cross,  as  indicated  by  the 
title  given  on  p.  1  :  'A  Godly e  Sermon 
Preached  at  Paules  Crosse  on  Sundaye,  the 
9.  daye  of  December,  1577.'  Unfortunately 
the  title  page  is  missing,  and  it  is  with  the 
hope  that  someone  may  have  a  complete 
copy  of  the  tract  that  I  am  sending  this 
query.  The  title  page  is  wanted  for  use 
in  a  printed  catalogue,  and  it  is  desired  to 
know  the  ending  of  each  line  in  the  title  and 
the  use  of  punctuation  and  capitals. 

The  sermon  has  not  been  identified  in  the 
collections  of  the  British  Museum,  and  the 
only  supposed  hint  as  to  its  authorship  was 
derived  from  an  entry  in  (William  Crow's) 


'  Catalogue  of  our  English  Writers  on  the 
Old  and  New  Testament,'  second  impression, 
London,  1668,  where,  under  the  text,  Jer. 
xxiii.,  is  the  entry  "  Verse  5,  6.  Thomas 
White,  D.D.  octavo,  1577."  Reference  to 
the  '  D.N.B.,'  Ixi.,  48b,  gives  the  following 
information  : — • 

In  1578  Francis  Coldock  printed  for  him  '  A 
Sermon  Preached  at  Powles  Cross  on  Sunday  the 
ninth  of  December,  1576,'  London,  8vo,  in  which 
he  attacks  the  vices  of  the  metropolis  (pp.  45-48), 
and  specially  refers  to  theatre-houses  and  play- 
going. 

Reference  to  the  sermon  in  hand  shows  that 
the  two  sermons  are  not  identical,  though 
the  texts  are  practically  the  same.  And  no 
hint  as  to  the  authorship  of  the  item  in  hand 
is  to  be  found.  The  preacher  must  have 
been  some  other  person  than  Dr.  Thomas 
White,  the  founder  of  Sion  College,  London. 
The  dates  also  present  a  singular  question. 
In  the  '  D.N.B.'  (loc.  cit.),  Dr.  White  is 
credited  with  a  Paul's  Cross  Sermon  preached 
on  "  Sunday  the  ninth  of  December,  1576," 
and  with  another  on  "  Sunday  the  thirde 
of  November,  1577."  These  dates  agree 
with  the  calendar.  The  fact  that  the 
numerals  are  written  out  in  full  would  be 
presumptive  proof  that  the  writer  of  the 
article  had  seen  the  originals,  but  there  is  a 
mistake  somewhere.  "  Sunday  the  ninth 
of  December,  1576,"  and  "  Sunday  the  9 
daye  of  December,  1577,"  fail  to  agree  with 
our  calendar,  and  "  Sunday  the  thirde  of 
November,  1577,"  fails  to  give  "  Sundaye 
the  9.  of  December,  1577,"  as  any  calendar 
will  show.  It  would  seem  that  our  sermon 
contains  a  misprint,  and  that  for  "  9  "  we 
should  read  either  "  8  "  or  "  29." 

CHARLES  II .  GILLETT, 
Librarian,  Union  Theological 
Seminary   1883-1908. 

MOTHERING  SUNDAY. — When  was  this 
name  first  given  to  the  fourth  Sunday  in 
Lent  ?  Herrick  mentions  it  in  the  seven- 
teenth century. 

Tid  (Tod  ?)  Mid.  Misera, 

Cai  ling.  Palm,  Pase  egg  day. 

This  is  said  to  be  in  use  in  the  north  to 
describe  the  six  Sundays  in  Lent  ;  the  first 
three  names  to  be  taken  from  Latin  Psalms 
— Te  Deum,  Mi  Deus,  Miserere — and  "  car- 
ling  "  to  be  a  sort  of  pancake.  But  the  names 
do  not  fit,  Palm  Sunday  being  the  sixth 
Sunday  in  Lent. 

"  Simnel  cakes  "  were  those  taken  home  to 
mothers.  What  is  the  derivation  of  the 
name  ?  A.  C. 


250 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [12 S.X.APRIL  1,1022. 


FRANCES  CALDEBON  DE  LA  BABCA  (ne'e 
INGLIS). — -I  would  like  to  know  the  family 
history  of  Frances  Erskine  Inglis,  of  Scotland, 
who  married,  in  1837,  Angel  Calderon  de  la 
Barca,  then  Spanish  Minister  to  the  United 
States.  She  is  the  author  of  '  Life  in  Mexico,' 
published  anonymously  by  Chapman  and 
Hall  in  1843,  and  edited  by  the  historian, 
William  H.  Prescott,  to  whom  many  of 
the  letters  were  written.  It  is  still  a  valuable 
and  extremely  readable  account  of  the 
Mexican  Republic  in  1839-42. 

WOBTHINGTON    C.    FORD. 
1,154,   Boylston  Street,   Boston,  Mass. 

"  SOUTHAM  CYDEB  "  (see  *  Copy  of  Recipe,' 
8  S.  viii.  9,  76). — B.  S.  gives  the  recipe  for 
making  "  Lord  Pembroke's  Port,"  in  which 
a  hogshead  contains  42  gallons  of  "  Southam 
Cyder,"  costing  Is.  a  gallon ;  the  "  prices 
were  taken  in  the  year  1736."  He  does  not 
appear  to  have  received  any  reply  to  his 
question,  "  What  was  the  cider  described 
as  '  Southam '  as  well  as  can  be  de- 
ciphered ?  " 

I  have  never  been  able  to  ascertain  what 
this  cider  was,  and  where  it  was  made. 
It  is  not  likely,  in  those  days,  that  cider 
was  taken  in  large  quantities  (from  any 
place  a  long  distance  from  London)  to 
London,  unless  some  person  having  a  cider 
orchard  had  also  some  means  of  retailing 
it  in  the  city  and  neighbourhood.  Josiah 
Southam,  "  Citizen  and  Distiller  of  London," 
son  of  a  brother  of  a  direct  ancestor  of  mine, 
had  a  distillery,  I  believe,  in  Smithfield. 
He  was  born  in  Warwickshire  in  1705 
and  died  in  1737,  possessed  of  "  real  estate  " 
at  Ilmington,  Co.  Warwick.  He  lived  in 
the  parish  of  St.  Sepulchre,  London.  A 
brass  lozenge  on  the  south  wall  of  St.  Mary's 
at  Warwick  still  commemorates  the  death 
of  his  sister  Sarah  in  1724.  It  is  possible 
that  Josiah  Southam  may  have  had  cider 
orchards  at  Ilmington,  and  that  he  sold 
the  product  in  connexion  with  his  business. 
Mr.  W.  J.  Pink,  in  his  *  History  of  Clerken- 
well'  (1881),  p.  415,  states  re  'The  New 
River,'  a  poem  by  W.  Garbett  (about 
1725  ?),  "  The  author  describes  the  music 
house"  (?  Sadler's  Wells).  In  the  poem 
there  is  the  following  line: — 

Such  as  neat  Brandy,  Southam  Cyder  fine. 

I  do  not  think  that  the  cider  was  produced 
at  Southam,  Co.  Warwick  ;  and  the  above 
line  of  poetry  points  to  a  local  sale. 

From  1666  to  1725  there  are  entries  of 
the  name  of  Southam  in  the  registers  of  St. 


James's,  Clerkenwell.  I  cannot  connect 
these  people  with  the  Josiah  named  above. 
I  shall  be  glad  if  any  light  can  be  thrown 
on  the  subject.  HEBBEBT  SOUTHAM. 

LlNNJEUS    AND    THE    MlLE    END  NUBSEBY- 

MAN. — -James  Gordon,  thp  nurseryman  of 
Mile  End,  died  1780,  after  whom  the  well- 
known  botanical  genus  Gordonia  was  named 
in  1770,  is  said  to  have  been  a  "  frequent 
correspondent  of  Linnaeus."  Have  his  letters 
to  Linnaeus  been  published  ?  I  know  the 
references  to  Gordon  in  Wesley's  '  Journal ' 
and  in  Ly son's  '  Environs.' 

J.  M.  BULLOCH. 

KATHABINE  BUCKEBIDGE  OF  IPSDEN, 
OXON,  RECUSANT. — -In  the  Recusant  Rolls 
No.  1,  Mich.,  1592/3,  published  by  the  Catho- 
lic Record  Society,  occurs  the  above  name, 
but  is  misprinted  Backeridge.  In  the  will 
of  John  Braybrooke  of  Sutton  Courtenay, 
gent.,  dated  Sept.  12,  1588,  Arch.  Berks, 
she  is  mentioned  as  Katharine  Buckeridge, 
daughter  of  Martha,  but  as  1  quote 
from  a  printed  copy  I  cannot  say  whether 
Martha  bore  the  name  of  Buckeridge  as 
well.  The  Braybrookes  were  well  known 
as  recusants,  and  the  brother  of  the  above 
John,  James  of  Brightwalton,  Berks, 
married  Martha,  daughter  of  John  Yate  of 
Lyford,  and  they  also  married  into  the 
Eyston  family,  another  well-known  Catholic 
family.  The  Buckeridges  at  Ipsden  were 
Richard,  who  died  1617,  and  his  sons, 
George,  Ralph,  Deodatus,  Richard,  Thomas, 
William  and  John.  Katharine  could  not 
have  been  the  wife  of  any  one  of  the  first 
three,  but  possibly  may  have  been  the  wife 
of  one  of  the  other  sons.  The  only  other 
Katharine  Buckeridge  at  this  period  was 
the  widow  of  John  of  Basildon.  She  was 
a  daughter  of  Thomas  Pleydall  of  Shriven- 
ham,  but  his  wife,  according  to  the  pedigrees, 
was  Ann,  daughter  of  Thomas  Higgs  of 
Cheltenham,  neither  do  the  Pleydalls  occur 
as  recusants.  I  should  be  obliged  by  any 
help  in  identifying  the  above. 

A.  STEPHENS  DYEB. 

207,  Kingston  Road,    Teddington. 

HENBY  WHITE'S  DIABIES. — -Is  there  any 
record  as  to  the  present  ownership  of  the 
Rev.  Henry  White's  (of  Fyfield,  Hants) 
Diaries,  1780  to  1784,  referred  to  in  the  Rev. 
R.  H.  Clutterbuck's  book  on  '  The  Parishes 
of  Fyfield,  Kimpton,  Penton  Mewsey,  &c.'  ? 

ABTHUB  TAPP. 


12  S.X.APBH,  i,i922.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


251 


. — Can  anyone  tell  me  anything 
R.  Busick,  Esq.,  of  Epsom  (c.  1797), 
mentioned  in  the  following  extract  from 
The  Gentleman's  Magazine  (1797),  or  state 
whether  any  connexion  can  be  traced 
between  his  family  and  Sir  Busick  Harwood 
<b.  1745;  d.  1814),  Regius  Professor  of 
Anatomy  in  the  University  of  Cambridge  ? 

Extract  from  The  Gentleman's  Magazine  (1797), 
vol.  lxvii.,Pt.  I.  : — 

At  Naples  whither  she  went  for  recovery  of 
her  health  in  her  29th  year  on  9th  Feb.,  1797, 
Mrs.  Busick,  wife  of  R.  B.  Busick,  Esq.,  of  Epsom 
in  Surrey.  She  was  the  daughter  of  the  late 
Edward  Barker,  Esq.,  and  grand-daughter  of 
Baron  Barker,  formerly  of  Tranquil  Dale  in  the 
same  county. 

B.  E.  P. 

HENBY  FUBNESSE. — In  *  London  and  its 
Environs,'  published  by  R.  and  J.  Dodsley, 
1761,  in  the  course  of  a  description  of 
Gunnersbury  House  (vol.  iii.),  the  author 
says  :  "  This  was  the  house  of  the  late 
Henry  Furnesse,  Esq.,  who  had  a  fine 
collection  of  pictures  in  it." 

I  should  be  very  glad  of  any  information 
about  this  Henry  Furnesse. 

W.  HAYTHOBNE. 

"  To  SEND  TO  COVENTBY." — The  '  N.E.D.' 
says  that  a  probable  suggestion  refers  the 
phrase  to  the  circumstances  recorded  in 
the  quotation  below  under  date  1647,  from 
Clarendon's  '  History  of  the  Rebellion,' 
vi.  83  :— 

At  Bromigham,  a  town  so  generally  wicked 
that  it  had  risen  upon  small  parties  of  the 
King's,  and  killed  or  taken  them  prisoners  and 
sent  them  to  Coventry  [then  strongly  held  for 
the  Parliament]. 

This  is  the  view  taken  in  Murray's 
'  Warwickshire.'  The  explanation  given  in 
Chambers's  '  Cyclopaedia,'  and  regarded  by 
Brewer's  '  Dictionary  of  Phrase  and  Fable  ' 
as  meeting  the  general  scope  of  the  phrase 
better,  is  that  at  one  time  the  citizens  of 
Coventry  had  so  great  a  dislike  to  soldiers 
that  a  woman  seen  speaking  to  one  was 
instantly  tabooed,  and  hence,  when  a 
soldier  was  sent  to  Coventry,  he  was  cut 
off  from  all  social  intercourse.  But  is  there 
any  evidence  that  there  was  ever  such  a 
time  ?  JOHN  B.  WAINEWBIGHT. 

BABBABA  VILLIEBS. — -If  any  reader  of 
'  N.  &  Q.'  could  supply  the  following  in- 
formation, I  should  be  greatly  obliged. 

Did  (Sir)  Peter  Lely  paint  a  portrait  of 
Barbara  Villiers  (afterwards  Lady  Castle - 
maine  and  Duchess  of  Cleveland)  in  1658, 
when  Barbara  was  1 7  years  old  ? 


AVo,  is  (Sir)  Peter  Lely  known  to  have 
signed  his  name  several  times  in  i  urple 
paint  on  any  portrait  of  Barbara  Vi  liers  ? 

H.  C.  S. 

THE  REV.  GEORGE  SACKVILLE  COTTEB. — 
When  and  where  did  he  die  in  1831  ?  The 
'  D.N.B.'  (xii.  289)  says  that  the  later  years 
of  his  life  were  spent  at  Youghal.  The 
dictionary  omits  the  date  of  his  marriage, 
as  well  as  the  Christian  name  of  his  wife. 
Can  any  correspondent  supply  these  ? 

G.  F.  R.  B. 

HOLOFEBNES  CooKE. — Are  any  parti- 
culars recorded  as  to  the  life  and  personality 
of  one  Olof  ernes  or  Hoi  of  ernes  Cooke,  who 
was  at  Cambridge  University  in  1586  ? 

R.  L.  EAGLE. 

THE  ONE-LEGGED  LOBD  MA  YOB. — Can 
any  of  your  readers  give  me  any  particulars 
of  a  Lord  Mayor  who  had  only  one  leg  ? 
It  appears  that  when  a  youth  he  was  bitten 
by  a  shark  and  rescued  by  some  boatmen  in 
Havana  harbour.  I  understand  that  there 
is  a  painting  depicting  the  incident  some- 
where in  existence.  D.  E.  SMITH. 

"  TOUB  D'IVOIBE." — -Was  Sainte-Beuve's 
characterization  of  Vigny's  discreet  seclusion 
as  his  "  tour  d'ivoire  "  an  original  concep- 
tion or  an  echo  of  feudal  romance  ?  The 
"  Tower  of  Ivory  "  has  become  so  common 
a  title  for  novel,  play  or  poem  that  one 
naturally  looks  for  the  literary  origin  of  the 
phrase.  Larousse's  reference  to  '  Consola- 
tions '  is  misleading. 

The  famous  line  occurs  in  one  of  the  poems 
of  '  Pensees  d'aofit,'  published  seven  years 
after  '  Consolations.'  THOMAS  FLINT. 

HENBY  ELLIS  BOATES  OF  LIVEBPOOL. — 
Alive  in  1793.  His  father  was  a  merchant 
in  that  town,  having  a  partner  named 
Seaman.  What  was  his  business  ?  Did 
he  leave  descendants  ?  E.  E.  COPE. 

WAINWBIGHT'S  POEM  ON  HIS  MUBDEB  OF 
HABBIET  LANE. — Henry  Wainwright  was 
executed  in  London,  Dec.  21,  1875.  Can 
any  reader  oblige  with  the  name  of  the 
poem  supposed  to  have  been  written  by 
him  and  sold  to  the  public  for  threepence 
on  the  very  day  he  met  his  fate  ? 

It  may  possibly  have  been  issued  for 
the  benefit  of  the  murderer's  wife  and 
children,  who  ultimately  benefited  by  a 
public  subscription  of  £1,232. 

FBEDK.  C.  WHITE. 


252 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [12  S.X.APHIL  1.1922. 


EBIGENA  QUOTED  BY  MATTHEW  ARNOLD. — 
What  is  the  source  of  Matthew  Arnold's  quota- 
tion ('  God  and  the  Bible,'  ch.  ii.),  from  Erigena, 
"  Deus  per  excellentiam  non  immerito  nibjlum 
vocatur,"  which  he  translates,  "  It  is  .  .  .  by 
reason  of  excellency  that  God  is  not  improperly 
called  nothing  "  ?  There  is  a  passage  in  Erigena, 
'  De  Divisione  Naturae,'  iii.  19,  which  has 
much  resemblance  to  this  ;  but  the  differences, 
both  of  language  and  thought,  are  not  incon- 
siderable, and  even  as  to  the  words,  the  correct- 
ness of  Arnold's  translation  seems  doubtful. 

PEPSY. 

AUTHORS  WANTED. — 1.  In  Richmond  Park,  a 
stone's-throw  from  the  Star  and  Garter  gates, 
a  framed,  gilt-lettered  tablet  preserves  the  memory 
of  James  Thomson,  the  poet.  On  the  tablet 
are  the  following  lines.  Does  any  reader  know 
who  was  the  author  ? 

"  Ye,  who  from  London's  smoke  and  turmoil  fly, 
To  seek  a  purer  air  and  brighter  sky, 
Think  of  the  bard  who  dwelt  in  yonder  dell, 
Who  sang  so  sweetly  what  he  loved  so  well. 
Think,  as  you  gaze  on  these  luxuriant  bowers, 
Here    Thomson    loved    the    sunshine    and    the 
flowers."  J.  B.  H. 

2.  Who  wrote  a  novel  called  '  Miser  Fairbrother's 
Daughter,'   which  appeared  as  a  serial  story  in 
The  Illustrated  London  News  about  25  years  ago. 

E.  M.  C.  BALPOUR-BROWNE. 

3.  Can    anyone    tell     me    where    these    lines 
occur  ? — 

"  The  Pope,  that  Pagan  full  of  pride, 
Hath  troubled  us  full  long." 

R.  M. 


GENERAL   CLEMENT   EDWARDS,  C.B. 
(12  S.  x.  131,  211.) 

THE  branch  of  the  Edwards  family  to  which 
the  late  General  belonged  were  anciently 
settled  in  Chirk,  Denbighshire,  and  they  held 
the  office  of  Constable  of  Chirk  Castle.  (The 
estate  of  Chirk  Castle  is  now  in  possession  of 
Colonel  Robert  E.  Myddleton.)  After  the 
Civil  War  and  the  return  of -the  Monarchy 
in  1660,  there  was  a  vigorous  development 
of  British  colonization  in  America,  and  an 
ancestor  of  the  General  migrated  to  the 
Cavalier  colony  of  Virginia.  At  the  out- 
break of  the  American  Revolution  in  1775, 
Alexander  Edwards  (a  forbear)  joined 
the  Royal  forces  and  was  killed  at  the  Battle 
of  Bunker  Hill.  In  1782,  after  the  pre- 
liminary articles  of  the  treaty  in  which 
Britain  recognized  the  complete  indepen- 
dence of  America  were  signed  at  Paris,  the 
Edwards  family  left  the  States  and  settled 
in  the  Bahamas,  holding  various  official 
positions  there.  Clement  Martin  Edwards, 
the  General's  father,  returned  to  England 


and  in  1795  obtained  a  commission  in  the  48th 
Regiment  of  Foot.  At  the  early  age  of  26 
he  became  Colonel  of  the  Ceylon  Rifle 
Regiment ;  a  year  later  he  became  D.Q.M.G. 
at  Malta,  where  he  died  in  1816.  His 
monument  there  is  a  notable  landmark. 
In  addition,  for  some  years  he  was  Military 
Secretary  to  H.R.H.  the  late  Duke  of  York. 
His  son,  Clement  Alexander,  was  appointed 
Ensign,  in  1829,  to  the  31st  Foot,  trans- 
ferring to  the  18th  Royal  Irish,  with  which 
regiment  he  saw  much  active  service. 
He  commanded  that  regiment  in  the  Crimea 
|  and  was  one  of  the  twelve  Distinguished 
Service  colonels. 

In  1867,  Brigadier- General  Edwards,  as 
he  then  was,  was  appointed  (not  as  your 
correspondent  at  the  first  reference,  slightly 
in  error,  states,  Adjutant -General,  but) 
Inspector-General  of  Recruiting,  an  office 
he  held,  I  believe,  until  1873. 

His  official  position  naturally  brought 
him  into  close  personal  relations  with  Mr. 
Cardwell.  • 

The  Franco  -German  War  of  1870,  which 
had  been  fought  so  near  our  shores,  and  into 
whose  vortex  it  more  than  once  seemed 
only  too  probable  that  we  ourselves  might 
be  drawn,  was  watched  with  anxious  in- 
terest by  the  English  people,  and  a  settled 
purpose  arose  in  their  mind  that  our  military 
institutions  must  be  overhauled  with  the 
view  of  placing  them  on  a  permament  basis 
of  efficiency. 

In   1871,  Mr.   Gladstone,   the  most  non- 
military  of  statesmen,  was  at  the  head  of 
affairs  and  Mr.  Cardwell  at  the  War  Office  ; 
the  latter,  though  essentially  a  civilian  with- 
out   any  military  training,  was  a  man    of 
I  patriotic  instincts,  far-seeing  judgment  and 
I  great     initiative      power.       With      marked 
appreciation    of     General     Edwards's    mili- 
j  tary    acumen,    abilities    and    sagacity    he 
I  sought  his  advice.     This  culminated  in  Mr. 
I  Cardwell's  Bill  of  1871  for  Army  Reconstruc- 
|  tion,  which  evolved  the  abolition  of  Army 
j  purchase    and    the    establishment    of    the 
I  short  service  system,  a  system  which  has 
I  stood    triumphantly    the    acid    test    of    the 
I  late  war. 

The  part  played  by  General  Edwards  in 
I  Cardwell's  Bill  produced  the  enmity  of 
officers  of  the  old  school  of  service  members 
and  that  of  a  Royal  Duke,  and  in  conse- 
quence his  promotion  to  the  K.C.B.,  although 
in  the  list,  did  not  materialize.  He  died  in 
1882  and  is  interred  in  Kensal  Green.  A 
memorial  to  him  was  unveiled  in  St. 


12  s.x.  APRIL  1,1922.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


253 


Patrick's  Cathedral,  Dublin,  on  which  also  is 
inscribed  the  name  of  his  second  son,  Lieut.    "  waste 
A.    Edwards,    29th     Bombay    Native     In-  j  figured 

fantry,  killed  at  the  fight  of  McNeill's  Zariba,    -'] 

in  the  Sudan  War  of  1885. 

General  Edwards  married  a  Miss  Morrison, 
granddaughter  of  Sir  Richard  Morrison, 
the  celebrated  Irish  architect  and  a  de- 
scendant of  one  of  Cromwell's  sisters. 

The  General's  mother  was  a  member  of  the 
well-known  and  distinguished  Layard 
family,  and  his  connexions  include  many 
noble  families,  among  them  Wimborne, 
Bessborough,  Lindsey,  and  Huntly. 

Three  sons  served  in  the  Great  War  : — • 

1.  Clement,  Colonel,  Worcester  Regiment. 

2.  Richard,  R.E.,   Colonel    in    Command 
at  Liverpool. 

3.  Arthur,  R.F.A.,  Colonel. 
Two  grandsons  : — 

1.  Vincent,  private,  R.A.M.C.      Invalided 
out. 

2.  Charles,  R.N.V.R.  Interned  in  Holland. 

C.  GROTH. 

THE  VINE  TAVERN,  MILE  END  (12  S. 
x.  191). — The  Vine  at  Mile  End,  on  the  road- 
side edge  of  the  Mile  End  Road,  by  Cam- 
bridge Heath  Road,  on  the  east  side  of  the 
Toll  House  of  Mile  End  Gate,  is  depicted, 
in  its  last  utterly  decayed  and  neglected 
state,  in  a  water-colour  drawing  by  Dr. 
Philip  Norman  in  the  London  Museum  ; 
but  a  time  there  was,  as  local  records  ex- 
pansively show,  when  it  was  a  hostelry 
of  distinction,  which  was  the  occasion  of  a 


that  the  Vine's  tall  mast  on  the  adjoining 
of  Mile  End  was  similarly  dis- 
The  only  room,  save  the  bar, 
accessible  to  the  inquirer,  was  made  in- 
teresting by  a  collection  of  magazine  and 
newspaper  cuttings  and  police  notices,  in 
which  the  Vine  figured  in  the  eighteenth 
century  when  a  very  motley  company 
called  upon  the  host  for  a  stirrup  cup  or  a 
horse  ration  ;  and  in  a  place  of  honour  over- 
mantel were  old  Masonic  Lodge  tools  in  use 
before  the  Union. 

But  an  examination  of  the  minutes  of  the 
Court  Baron  of  Stebunhith  Manor,  held 
on  July  4,  1692,  dissipated  many  of  the 
romantic  myths  which  had  gathered  around 
the  head  of  the  dilapidated  Vine  in  Victorian 
times  when  highwaymen,  footpads  and 
rioters  never  held  the  Mile  End  Road  in 
fee,  and  when  even  the  political  glories  of 
the  scrap  of  the  ancient  Mile  End  Common 
were  no  more.  By  that  record  the  copy- 
hold tenants  were 

directed  to  proceed  to  a  certain  piece  or  parcel 
of  "the  Waste  ground  of  the  said  Manor,,  lying 
before  the  Mansion  house  of  Thomas  Swain, 
situate  near  the  Pound  on  Mile  End  Greene, 
between  the  tenements  and  lands  of  Robert 
Stanborough  on  the  East  and  Robert  Becket 
on  the  West,  and  there  to  view  and  see  the 
same,  and  set  out  by  meter  and  bounds  where 
the  said  Thomas  Swain  may  erect  a  shop  upon 
the  Waste  ground  without  prejudice  to  the  Lady 
of  the  said  Manor  [Lady  Wentworth]  or  any 
people  of  our  Lord  the  King  passing 


The    Court    Baron  reP°rted   that    Swam 


,  . 

great     and     prolonged     struggle      between  j  might,  with  consent   erect  and  build  a  shop 


shed    with   pent  -house  upon  the   Haste 
before  h*s  «aid  h<>use  and  ground 
at  a  distance  of  twenty-five  feet  left  for  a  footway 


various  authorities  claiming  exclusive  user 
and  control  over  what  was  left  of  the  once- 
wide  Mile  End  Green  or  Common.  For 
two  hundred  years  it  enjoyed  popularity 

11  -  11  j  i  1*1    ^•u-^*-*-*-'*^     uv     ^J.c^u     tiii-     ocbivt.     OJJLV/^./     vrj.     .-» i  n    »  i        ii  [  -1  HI      iii'. 

long  all  sorts  of  travellers  on  the  road  to  I  Waste,  over  the  Ditch  or  Common  Sewer  there, 
)x   (sometimes  mapped   as   the  road   to  I  by  the  space  of  twenty  feet,  and  twenty-five  feet 
Harwich)    for    its  retail   of  sound  Madeira,  j  east  and  west,  at  each  end. 
icrry    and    port.     Originally   it    was    (like  I      Swain    was    to    keep    the    said     common 
lost  of  the  tradesmen's  little  shop -dwellings   sewer  or  ditch  in  good  order 
r  stores  hereabouts  on  the  fringes  of  the    by  cleansing  the  same  and  also  permitting  the 
historic    Common)    mainly    constructed    of    water  to  run  into  the  same  at  all  hours  from  the 
wood  ;      but     its     tenure     having     become    Great  Road,  as  it  now  doth,  or  formerly  hath  done, 
uncertain    by    the     bitter    contentions    of  I      From  this  certain  of  the  holders  of  land 
manor-lord,    copyholders    and     commoners,  i  and  houses  facing  Mile  End  Green  on  both 
and  by  the  wholesale  usurpation  of  squatters  j  sides   of  the  road   deduced  that  they  had 
««    *u~    "  Axr~™i.~       .-.L-.     — J._T 1_ -    some   special  rights   or    privileges   superior 


on  the  "  Waste,"  its  patchwork  repairs 
of  second-hand  bricks  and  roofing  were  not 
concealed  by  the  gaudy  boards  of  the 


to    the    Victorian    public    authorities    and 
saleable    or    leaseable    to    anybody.     That 

brewers  and  distillers,  or  by  the  odious  I  made  a  long  contention  in  the  courts  of  law 
trespass  of  the  flying  billposter,  whose  I  which  was  very  expensive  ;  and  the  point 
antics  were  satirized  in  songs  in  the  White-  |  whether  the  Manor  Lordship  of  King 
chapel  "  gaffs."  By  those  ditties  we  know  i  William  III.'s  time,  and  the  copyholders 


254 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [12 S.X.APRIL  1,1 922. 


withal,  had  any  legal  right  to  make  the 
carefully  limited  and  conditional  concession 
to  Swain  also  made  another  good  haul  for 
the  lawyers.  However,  at  the  long  last  the 
Stepney  Municipal  Council  in  August,  1903, 
paid  £5,500  and  considerable  legal  charges 
to  be  done  with  the  matter  of  absolute 
ownership ;  and  Mile  End  Green's  last 
remnant,  with  the  site  of  the  old  Vine,  is 
now  a  rag  market  surrounding  a  strip  of 
flower  garden  only  half  completed,  whose 
railings  serve  for  the  exhibition  of  goods. 

Me. 

BARREL  ORGANS  IN  CHURCHES  (12  S. 
x.  209). — There  is  a  three-barrelled  organ 
in  the  church  at  Steeple,  in  the  Isle  of  Pur- 
beck.  It  is  not  used  nowadays.  It  bears 
an  inscription,  "  J.  W.  Walker,  London, 
1858." 

At  Bushey  chapel,  which  was  built  in 
1836,  about  a  mile  from  Corfe  Castle,  there 
is  a  barrel  organ  which  is  still  in  regular  use. 
It  has  three  barrels,  each  of  which  gives 
twelve  tunes.  It  has  no  date,  but  bears 
a  plate  inscribed  "  T.  C.  Rate  and  Son, 
Organ  Builders,  6,  Ludgate  Hill,  London. 
No.  3302."  Some  25  years  ago  one  of  the 
barrels  was  sent  to  London  to  be  re-pegged, 
the  firm  to  which  it  was  entrusted  being 
supplied  with  a  musical  hymn-book  so  as 
to  enable  them  to  provide  the  desired  tunes. 
So  closely  did  they  follow  their  instructions 
to  adhere  strictly  to  the  hymn-book  version 
of  the  music  that  they  were  careful  not  to 
omit  the  "  Amen  "  which  appeared  at  the 
end  of  the  printed  verse.  The  result,  of 
course,  was  that  the  organ  piously  played 
"  Amen  "  at  the  end  of  each  verse  of  every 
hymn  on  that  particular  barrel  !  The 
"  Amen  "  pegs  were  successfully  extracted 
by  a  local  carpenter,  and  the  organ  gives 
out  its  hymns  to  this  day,  but  without  an 
"  Amen  "  at  the  end,  which,  has  to  be  sung 
unaccompanied.  G.  M.  MARSTON. 

I  take  the  following  from  an  article 
entitled  '  Sussex  Church  Music  in  the  Past,' 
by  the  Rev.  K.  H.  MacDermott,  L.Th., 
A.R.C.M.,  in  vol.  Ix.  of  the  '  Sussex 
Archaeological  Collections  ' : — 

The  following  advertisement  appeared  in  The 
West  Sussex  Gazette  on  June  25th,  1857 — quaint 
reading  in  the  present  days  : — 

Church  Organ.  For  sale,  an  excellent  barrel- 
organ  in  wainscote  case  with  gilt  pipes  in  front. 
It  has  3  barrels  each  playing  10  Psalm  tunes. 
The  above  instrument  was  made  by  Bryceson, 
has  4  stops  and  will  be  sold  for  the  very  moderate 
price  of  8  guineas.  Apply  Mr.  Bennett,  North  St., 
.  Ohichester. 


The  firm  of  Bryceson  were  famous  manu- 
facturers of  barrel  organs  for  many  years. 
The  '  P.O.  London  Directory*  gives  the  firm 
of  Bryceson  Brothers  as  established  1796. 
A.  H.  W.  FYNMORE. 

"  Shirley,"  Rustington. 

THE  MONTFORT  FAMILIES  (12  S.  x.  204). — 
No  mention  is  made  of  the  interesting  and 
ancient  mural  monuments  to  the  Montfort 
family  at  Beaconsfield.  The  late  Mrs. 
Grosvenor  Jennings  of  Beamhurst  Hall, 
Uttoxeter,  was,  I  believe,  a  member  of  the 
Montfort  family. 

ARTHUR  F.  G.  LEVESON  GOWER. 

EPITAPH  IN  TETBURY  CHURCH,  GLOS. 
(12  S.  x.  170). — The  correct  inscription, 
quoted  by  The  Observer  of  April  21,  1918, 
from  a  photograph,  runs  as  follows  : — 

In  a  Vault  underneath  lie  several  of  the 
Saunderses,  late  of  this  Parish  :  particulars  the 
last  day  will  disclose.  Amen. 

J.  R.  H. 

LAZENKE    PALACE,  WARSAW  :    LATIN  IN- 
SCRIPTIONS    (12    S.    x.    151). — MR.    O'HARA 
asks  if  there  are  any  parallels  to  the  lines 
Haec    domus    odit,    amat,    fundit,    commendat, 
et  optat, 

Tristitias,  pacem,  balnea,  rura,  probos. 

At  11  S.  iii.  66,  131,  MR.  PIERPOINT  quoted 

several  variants  of  the  couplet 

Hie  locus  odit,  amat,  punit,  conservat,  honorat, 

Nequitiem,  pacem,  crimina,  iura,  probos. 
This   has    been   inscribed    on    court-houses 
at  home  and  abroad. 

The  lines  belong  to  a  well-known  type, 
being  versus  correlativi. 

Julius  Caesar  Scaliger,  in  his  *  Poetice,'  II., 
cap.  xxx.,  gives  as  an  example  of  the  class, 
Pastor,    arator,     eques,    pavi,     colui,    superavi, 

Capras,  rus,  hostes,  fronde,  ligone,  manu. 
These     are     Pentadius's     lines     in     which 
Virgil  is  supposed  to  sum  up  his  poetical 
works. 

Several  specimens  in  Latin  and  one  in 
Greek  will  be  found  in  the  second  part  of 
Reusner's  '  Aenigmatographia.'  No  refer- 
ence is  given  for  the  Greek.  It  is  one  of 
the  anonymous  epigrams  in  the  Palatine 
Anthology  (Bk.  IX.  48).  There  is  a  curious 
imitation  of  this  trick  in  one  of  James 
Howell's  '  Familiar  Letters,'  Book  I.,  section 
4,  No.  iv.  It  is  addressed  to  his  cousin, 
Rowland  Gwin,  and  runs  : — • 

Cousin,  I  was  lately  sorry,  and  I  was  lately 
glad,  that  I  heard  you  were  ill,  that  I  heard  you 
are  well. — Your  affectionate  Cousin,  J.  H. 

EDWARD  BENSLY. 


i2s.3LAi.au.  1,1922.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


255 


LATIN  PROVERB:  ORIGIN  SOUGHT  (12  S. 
x.  150). — If  the  words  patiatur  and 
ieiunus  are  transposed  in  the  quotation 
from  St.  Bernard,  the  latter  part  of  the 
sentence  will,  like  the  earlier,  have  a  metrical 
form.  Thus  arranged  the  Latin  words 

Nescit  quid  ieiunus  patiatur 
are  suggestive  of  the  line 

Xon  vult  scire  satur,  quid  ieiunus  patiatur. 
This    is    given    among    the    Latin  proverbs 
in  vol.  i.  of  Miillenhoff  and  Scherer's  '  Denk- 
maler  deutscher  Poesie  und  Prosa  aus  dem 
viii-xii  Jahrhundert '  (3rd  ed.,  Berlin,  1892). 

Something  of  the  same  thought  is  to  be 
seen  in  "  Plenus  venter  facile  de  ieiuniis 
disputat  "  (St.  Jerome,  Epistles,  58,  2). 

There  is  an  affinity,  if  not  a  direct  con- 
nexion, between  St.  Bernard's 

Nescit  sanus  quid  sentiat  aeger 
and  Terence,  'Andria,'  309  sq., 

Facile  omnes  quom  valemus  recta  consilia  aegrotis 

damus. 
Tu  si  hie  sis,  aliter  sentias. 

There  are  similar  sentiments  in  Greek 
drama.  .  EDWARD  BENSLY. 

DE  KEMPELEN'S  AUTOMATON  CHESS- 
PLAYER (12  S.  x.  72,  113,  155,  170).— An  ar- 
ticle reprinted  from  the  New  York  Com- 
mercial in  Dwightfs  American  Penny  Maga- 
zine, vol.  i.,  p.  333,  June  28,  1845,  gives 
some  information  about  the  automaton 
chess-player  of  Kempelen.  The  magazine 
is  not  easy  to  find  and  a  brief  synopsis  is  as 
follows  :  Maelzel,  the  owner,  took  the.  chess- 
player to  pieces  before  starting  on  the  sea 
voyage  on  which  he  died,  but  the  player  was 
put  together  again  by  Dr.  S.  K.  Mitchell 
of  Philadelphia,  and  exhibited  at  Peale's 
Museum  in  that  city.  An  explanation  of 
how  the  trick  was  worked  is  given — a  con- 
cealed player  sat  beneath  the  chessboard. 
This  concealed  player  was,  in  Europe,  one 
M.  Mouret ;  in  America,  a  German  named 
Slomberger.  A  duplicate  automaton  was 
made  in  America  by  an  ingenious  Yankee 
and  played  by  one  Henry  Coleman  in  New 
York  until  Maelzel  bought  it  out.  Refer- 
ences to  American  newspapers  are  given. 
I  may  add  that  a  chess-player,  supposedly 
the  original,  was  formerly  in  the  Eden  Mus6e, 
New  York.  When  that  institution  broke 
up  it  was  sold,  and  in  1918  was  at  Steeple- 
chase Park,  Coney  Island,  New  York,  where 
I  believe  it  still  is. 

THOMAS  OLLIVE  MABBOTT. 

Graduate  School,  Columbia  University. 


CHALK  IN  KENT  AND  ITS  OWNERS  :   RYE, 

CORNHILL,   VlLERS,    ST.    CLAIR   (12   S.  X.    151, 

195). — With  regard  to  the  identity  of 
the  Hamo,  brother  of  Roger  de  Vilers,  who 
gave  (to  St.  John's  of  Colchester)  parts  of 
the  tithes  in  Walcra,  the  mill  and  half  the 
tithe  of  Chalcre,  with  the  Hamo  St.  Clair 
who  gave  Algareslawe,  R.  S.  B.  will  find 
on  p.  120  of  the  Chartulary  of  St.  John 
(Roxburghe  Club)  an  acknowledgment  by 
Henry  de  Samfordia  of  the  possession  by 
the  Monastery  of  "  medietatem  omnium 
decimarum  de  dominico  quod  fuit  Hamonis 
de  Sancto  Claro  in  villa  de  Cholera"  This 
particular  charter  does  not  appear 
to  have  been  impugned  by  the  critics 
who  have  questioned  the  authenticity  of 
some  of  the  documents  in  the  collection,, 
and  these  critics  are  the  first  to  maintain 
that  even  in  falsified  charters  the  forgers 
were,  for  obvious  reasons,  careful  to  be 
correct  in  the  "  historical  setting,"  i.e.,  the 
genealogical  details.  As  Eudo  Dapifer  held 
Chalk,  and  the  connexion  between  Eudo 
and  Hamo  de  St.  Clair  is  evident  from  the 

|  latter  succeeding  the  former  in  certain 
offices  and  estates,  there  can,  I  think,  be 
no  doubt  as  to  identity  of  the  two  Hamos, 
viz.,  the  Hamo,  brother  of  Roger  de  Vilers, 
who  gave  the  tithes  of  Chalk  and  the  Hamo 

i  de  St.   Clair  who  gave  Algareslawe.     That 
Walcra  was  identical  with  Chalcra  seems,  aa 
R.  S.  B.  states,  to  be  a  misapprehension. 
PERCY  HULBURD. 
124,  Inverness  Terrace,  W. 

SURNAMES    USED    AS    CHRISTIAN    NAMES 

j  (12  S.  ix.  370,  437,  474,  511  ;    x.  115).— The 

|  first  instance  of  a  surname  being  used  as  a 

j  Christian  name  in  the  Bonython    family  is 

|  that  of  Reskymer  Bonython  of  Bonython, 

who  was  born  in   1565  and  was  sheriff  of 

Cornwall  in  1619-20.     Some  years  later  there 

was    Gavrigan    Bonython.     The    Christian 

names  in  these  cases  are  those  of  two  very 

old     and     well-known,     but     now     extinct, 

Cornish  families — one   resident  in  Mawgan, 

near  Bonython,  in  the  Lizard  district,  and 

the  other  in  St.  Columb  Major. 

J.  LANGDON  BONYTHON. 
Carclew,  Adelaide,  South  Australia. 

BLUE  BEARD  (12  S.  x.  68,  113,  196).— I 
beg  to  draw  attention  to  two  other  ballads 
on  this  theme  to  be  found  (with  pictures) 
in  Cassell's  '  Illustrated  British  Ballads ' 
(1886).  One  is  'May  Colvin,'  taken  from 
Herd's  collection  (also  in  Motherwell's) 
and  said  to  resemble  the  ballad  quoted  at. 


256 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [  12  s.x.  APRIL  1,1922. 


the  last  reference.  The  other  is  entitled 
'  The  Water  of  Weary 's  Well,'  and  was 
preserved  in  Buchan's  collection.  Copies 
could  be  sent  if  needed.  H. 

UNIDENTIFIED  PORTRAIT  ON  WOOD  PANEL 
(12  S.  x.  150). — The  "  Elisabet  D.  C.  Dyciss 
Biaba  "  painting  is  probably  a  portrait  of 
an  Italian  lady  of  the  later  part  of  the- 
sixteenth  century,  and  the  wife  or  relative 
of  the  Count  Biaba  of  the  period.  The 
noble  family  of  Biaba  appears  to  have 
flourished  in  Parma  until  the  middle  of  the 
nineteenth  century.  There  was  a  Count 
Biaba  among  the  members  of  the  suite  of 
Marie  Louise,  second  wife  of  Napoleon, 
when  after  the  fall  of  the  first  French  Empire 
she  obtained,  by  treaty  with  the  Allied 
Powers,  the  Duchies  of  Parma  and  Placentia 
in  Italy.  ANDREW  DE  TERNANT. 

36,  Somerleyton  Road,  Brixton,  S.W. 

A  GUNPOWDER  PLOT  IN  1615  (12  S.  x. 
208). — Reference  is  made  to  a  statement 
that  under  James  I.  certain  "  traitors 
were  broken  on  the  wheel,  limb  by  limb." 
May  I  inquire  whether  this  awful  punish- 
ment (well  known  abroad)  was  ever  really 
inflicted  in  England  ?  I  do  not  seem  to 
remember  any  record  of  it.  SURREY. 

BRITISH  SETTLERS  IN  AMERICA  (12  S.  ix. 
462,517,  521;  x.  57,  114,178,  198).— Son 
Nathaniel  Hughes  in  Philadelphia,  mentioned 
in  the  will  of  Sarah  Hughes  of  London, 
widow,  1805.  (P.C.C.,  23  Nelson.) 

James  Frost  of  Boston  in  New  England, 
had  freehold  at  Chelmsford,  Essex,  men- 
tioned in  '  Freeholders  in  Essex,'  by  T. 
Clark,  1775. 

Parker  Quince  of  North  Carolina,  America, 
only  son  of  Richard  Quince,  who  was  son  of 
Jane  Quince  of  Ramsagte,  Isle  of  Thanet. 
Will  of  Jane  Quince  mentions  son  John, 
daughter  Mary  Baker,  son  Richard  Quince, 
1799.  (C.  Proc.,  1758-1800,  Goodwin  v. 
Quince,  690.) 

William  Longmore  of  Jamaica,  son  of 
brother  William  Longmore,  deceased. 
Nephew  George  Longmore  of  Quebec  in 
Canada,  mentioned  in  the  will  of  Alexander 
Longmore  of  Great  Baddow,  Essex,  1792. 
(P.C.C.,  28  Fountain.) 

Daughter  Grace  Williams,  now  at  South 
River  in  Maryland,  mentioned  in  the  will 
of  John  White,  Citizen  and  Girdler  of  London. 
(P.C.C.,  81  Auber.) 

Thomas  Dickason  the  nephew,  now  in 
parts  beyond  the  seas,  mentioned  in  admon. 


of  Robert  Skinner  of  Whitechapel,  April, 
1744.  (P.C.C.) 

Henry  Walter,  settler  in  South  Carolina, 
mentioned  in  the  will  of  John  Walter  of 
Woking,  Surrey,  Esq.;  1736.  (P.C.C.,  142 
Derby.) 

Son  Robert  White  (if  living)  in  parts 
beyond  the  seas,  mentioned  in  the  will  of 
Mary  White  of  London,  widow,  1731.  (P.C.C.) 
GERALD  FOTHERGILL. 

11,  Brussels  Road,  St.  John's  Hill,  S.W.  11. 

KNAVES  ACRE,  LAMBETH  (12  S.  x.  190).— 
Is  not  this  a  misdescription,  or  inaccurate 
identification,  of  Pedlar's  Acre.  There 
is  such  a  considerable  literature  on  this 
subject,  and  almost  every  work  on  London 
refers  to  it  or  the  memorial  window  in 
the  Parish  Church,  that  a  fuller  account  of 
it  is  superfluous.  It  was  a  bequest  to 
this  and  other  parishes.  Probably  mis- 
management or  neglect  of  the  consequent 
trust  estate  gave  occasion  to  the  "  Knaves- 
Acre  Association."  The  mis-titling  may 
have  been  an  intentional  reflection. 

ALECK  ABRAHAMS. 

DESCENDANTS  OF  RICHARD  PENDERELL 
(12  S.  x.  169). — Alan  Fea's  book,  'The 
Flight  of  the  King,'  second  edition,  contains 
a  long  series  of  Penderel  pedigrees.  Also 
see  '  The  Boscobel  Tracts,'  by  John  Hughes, 
and  Archceologia  Cambrensis  (3  S.  v.  114, 
299). 

I  understand  that  the  correct  spelling  of 
the  name  is  "  Penderel."  It  is  so  spelled  in 
Blount's  '  Boscobel,'  of  which  the  first 
edition  appeared  in  1660,  the  year  of  the 
Restoration.  ALFRED  SYDNEY  LEWIS. 

Library,  Constitutional  Club,  W.O. 

The  report  of  the  case  Robinson  v.  Giffard 
in  the  Law  Reports  (first  vol.  of  Chancery 
Reports  of  1903,  p.  865)  contains  some 
particulars  of  the  Pendrell  family.  The 
case  related  to  certain  annuities  granted 
by  Charles  II.  to  the  Pendrells,  who  helped 
him  to  escape  after  the  battle  of  Worcester. 

AGATHOCLEA. 

'  OTHELLO'  (12  S.  x.  189).— The  fol- 
lowing list  of  the  passages  omitted  in  the 
First  Quarto  is  compiled  from  the  critical 
apparatus  in  H.  C.  Hart's  edition  of  the 
play  ('  Arden  Shakespeare,'  1905).  The 
numbering  of  the  lines  is  that  of  the  Globe 
edition. 

I.  i.  122-138,  If  't  be  ...  yourself,  ii.  20, 
Which,  when  I  know  ;  72-77,  Judge  .  .  .  thee. 
iii.  24-30,  For  .  .  .  profitless  ;  36,  37,  First  Sen, 


i- s. X.APRIL  1,1922.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


257 


Ay  .   .  .   Mess.  ;      63,     Being  .   .  .  sense;       118, 
The  .  .  .  you  ;     123,  I  ...  blood  ;     194,  Which 
.   .  heart ;      262,     Vouch     with     me,     heaven  ; 
369,    370,  if  ...  issue  ?  ;     388,   I'll  .  .  .  land. 

II.  i.  39,  40,  Even  .  .  .  regard  ;    158,  See  ... 
behind,     iii.   280-282,  Drunk  ?  .  .  .  shadow  ? 

III.  i.     58,    Cas.    I  ...  you.     iii.     165,    Olh. 
Ha  !  ;     383-391,    Oth.    By  ...  satisfied  !     lago  ; 
453-460,   lago  .  .  .  heaven,     iv.    195,    196,   Why 
.  .'».  not. 

IV.  i.  38-44,  To  confess  .  .  .  devil  !  ;    185-188,. 
lago.  Yours,  by  ...  Oth.     ii.  73-76,  Committed  ! 
,  .  .  committed  !  ;       101,    Des.    Who  .  .  .  lady ; 
151-164,   Here  .  .  .  make  me;     187,   With  .  .  . 
truth,     iii.    31-53,    I   have  .  .  .  next ;     55,-57,    I 
.  .  .  men  ;     60-63,    Des.    I    have  .  .  .  question  ; 
87-104,  But  ...  so. 

V.  i.     82,     83,     lago.     Lend  .  .  .  hence !     ii. 
151-154,  Erml.   O  .  .   .  lago  ;     185-193,  My  ... 
villany  !  ;    246-248,  What  .   .  .  willow  ;    266-272, 
Be  .  .  .  wench  ! 

L.  R.  M.  STBACHAN. 

Birmingham  University. 

"  THE  BALL  AND  MOUTH  "  (12  S.  x.  168). — 
MB.  FBASEB  BADDELEY'S  query  is  based 
upon  the  assumption  that  in  my  new 
volumes  of  '  Byron  Correspondence '  the 
words  "  ball  and  mouth  "  occur  on  p.  73. 
But  the  actual  words  in  the  book  are  "  bull 
and  mouth,"  and  where  he  got  the  word 
"  ball  "  from  I  cannot  understand.  It  is 
always  wise  to  verify  one's  references. 

JOHN  MUBBAY. 

EBGHUM  (72  S.  x.  9,  55,  99,  136,  172).— 
The  following  clerical  names  of  Erghum, 
from  the  '  Consolidated  Index '  of  the  Clerical 
Index  Society,  may  be  of  some  assistance 
to  your  querist  : — 

John  de  Erghum,  was  Rector  of  Bossall,  Yorks, 
from  July  1,  1317,  to  his  death  in  1359. 

John  de  Erghum,  was  Vicar  of  Huntington, 
Yorks,  from  August  20,  1369,  to  some  time  in 
13  7-. 

John  de  Erghum  (perhaps  same  as  last),  was 
Chaplain  of  Wandesford's  Chantry  in  Holy  Trinity 
Church,  Goodramgate,  York,  from  some  time  in 
137-  to  his  death  in  1376. 

Ralph  de  Erghum  was  Prebendary  of  Decem 
Librarum  in  Lincoln  Cathedral  from  May,  1331 
(at  latest),  to  his  death  in  1360,  and  Master  of 
the  Choristers  at  Lincoln  from  April  8,  1352,  to 
his  death. 

Ralph  de  Erghum  was  Rector  of  Winestead, 
Yorks,  from  Oct.  3,  1354,  to  Nov.  25,  1354. 

Ralph  de  Erghum,  LL.D.,  was  provided  to  the 
See  of  Salisbury  by  Papal  Bull  of  Oct.  12,  1375  ; 
was  consecrated  at  Bruges,  Dec.  9,  1375;  had 
possession  of  temporalities,  Dec.  28,  1375  ; 
translated  to  See  of  Bath  and  Wells  April  3, 
1388;  received  temporalities,  Sept.  13,  1388; 
made  profession  to  Archbishop  at  Cambridge, 
Sept.  14,  1388;  died  at  Wells,  April  10,  1400; 
buried  there. 

Ralph  de  Erghum  was  Archdeacon  of  Dorset 
from  June  7,  1385,  to  Sept.  13,  1388. 


Ralph  Erghum  was  Archdeacon  of  Taunton 
from  1391  to  1393;  Prebendary  of  St.  Decuman 

in   Wells    from    1 to    his   death   in    1409-10, 

and   Precentor    of   Wells    from   Sept.    25,    1402, 
to  his  death.     Will  dated  March  13,  1409/10. 

Richard  de  Erghum  was  Prebendary  of 
Ulleskelf  in  York  Minster  from  June  5,  1322,  to 
the  year  1338,  and  Rector  of  Broughton  in 
Pickering  Lythe,  Yorks,  to  about  the  same  date, 
when  he  died. 

Robert  de  Erghum  was  Rector  of  Scraving- 
ham,  Yorks,  from  Aug.  2,  1325,  to  his  death  in 
1349. 

Thomas  de  Erghum  was  a  Chaplain  in  the 
Church  of  Lowthorpe,  Yorks,  from  May  21, 
1333,  to  Oct.  28,  1335. 

J.  W.  F. 

ABMSTBONG  (12  S.  x.  48).— Was  either 
John  Armstrong,  B.A.,  vicar  of  Tidenham, 
Gloucestershire,  from  1845  to  after  1853, 
or  John  Armstrong,  Perpetual  Curate  of 
Wallsend,  Northumberland,  from  1830  to 
after  same  date,  the  same  as  the  John 
Armstrong  of  St.  John's  College,  Cambridge, 
named  in  the  above  reference,  or  were  they 
any  connexions  ?  J.  W.  FAWCETT. 

FBEEDOM  OF  A  CITY  (12  S.  ix.  489; 
x.  55,  97,  118).— Lt.-Col.  Fishwick,  in  his 
'  History  of  the  Parish  of  Preston,'  states  : — 

From  an  order  made  by  the  Corporation  in 
1724  it  appears  that  from  "  time  out  of  mind 
whereof  the  memory  of  man  is  not  to  the  contrary, " 
the  Mayor  for  the  time  being  had  always  the  right 
to  bestow  the  freedom  of  the  borough  upon  three 
persons  and  no  more,  unless  in  the  case  of 
"  nobility  and  other  persons  of  honour  and 
distinction  "  ;  but  it  was  complained  that  some 
attempt  had  been  lately  made  to  infringe  the 
"  said  immemorial  custom,"  by  the  Mayor's 
assuming  the  liberty  of  giving  the  freedom  to 
more  than  three  persons  ;  and  it  was  therefore 
ordered  that  "  all  such  persons  as  shall  be 
made  free  by  the  Mayor  above  that  number 
(except  noble  persons,  &c.)  shall  be  immediately 
struck  out  of  the  Rolls,  reserving  to  the  Common 
Council  the  ancient  right  of  conferring  which  free- 
dom they  think  fit.  (Council  Minute  Book.) 

FBEDEBIC   CBOOKS. 

ABAB  (OB  EASTEBN)  HOBSES  (12  S.  x.  91, 
138,  154,  198). — The  note  I  wrote  appearing 
at  ante,  p.  154,  was  forwarded  before  SIB 
WILLOUGFIBY  HAYCOCK'S  initial  reply  ap- 
peared. It  was  written  hastily  and  I  evi- 
dently perpetuated  the  mistake  of  earlier 
Turf  chroniclers.  The  letter  I  quoted 
perhaps  gives  some  little  evidence  that  Sir 
John  Fenwick  was  concerned  with  Eastern 
horses.  Black,  in  '  The  Jockey  Club  and 
its  Founders,'  dates  Sir  J.  F.  as  being  pro- 
minent and  active  temp.  James  I.  and 
Charles  I.  If  the  date  of  the  death  of  the 
Sir  J.  F.  in  question  is  correct  as  given  in  the 


258  NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [12 S.X.APRIL  1,1 922. 


'  D.N.B,'  it  is  obvious  I  am  in  error  in  re- 
peating the  statement  that  he  was  Master 
of  the  Horse  to  Charles  II.  Surely  it  would 
not  be  difficult  to  verify  this.  We  have  it 
on  p.  442,  '  General  Stud  Book,'  vol.  i., 
3rd  ed.  :- 


BENJAMIN  HABENC  (12  S.  x.  191).— Only 
son  of  Roger  Harenc  of  Foots  Cray  Place, 
by  Susanna,  daughter  of  Daniel  Hays  of 
Wimbledon,  of  Henrietta  Street,  and  Foots 
Cray  Place,  m.  (setts,  dated  March  30,  1771) 
Sarah  Cade  (d.  Oct.  31,  1810,  aged  70)  ; 


King  Charles  II.  sent  abroad  the  Master  of!  d.  April  15,  1812  in  his  78th  year  (see 
the  Horse,  to  procure  a  number  of  foreign  horses  Genealogist,  N.S.,  xxxii.,  and  Gent's  Mag.r 
and  mares  for  breeding,  and  the  mares  brought!  1810  and  1812).  His  only  sister  m.  Sir 


sTnce  ealar.  Archibald  Edmonstone,  Bart. 

J.  B.  WHITMORE. 
J.  FAIRFAX-BLAKEBOROTJGH. 

Grove  House,  Norton-on-Tees.  HEATHER  FAMILY  (12  S.  x.  190).—  I  know 

i  of  no  pedigree  of  the  family,  but  if  B.  C.. 

THE  CAP  OF  MAINTENANCE  (12  S.  x.  151,;  cares   to   communicate   with   me   direct,    I 
195,  231).  —  It  is  interesting  to  note  that  onj  may  be  able  to  give  him  some  assistance. 
St.  George's  Day,  1482,  the  Sovereign,  when  i  J.  B.  WHITMORE. 

proceeding  to  St.  George's  Chapel,  Windsor,  • 

to  his  Garter  Stall,  received  before  the  High  i  HENRY  Ho  WARTH,  ADVOCATE  (12  S.  x. 
Altar  a  letter  from  Pope  Sixtus  IV.,  accom-  1  228).  —  The  Gazetteer  and  New  Daily 
panied  by  a  sword  and  cap  of  maintenance.  \  Advertize*  of  May  17,  1783,  states  that  he 

Beltz,  in  his  'Memorials  of  the  Order  of!  was  "the  eldest  son  of  a  worthy  clergyman 
the  Garter,'  states  that  the  Archbishop  |  m  Radnorshire.  J.  B.  WHITMORE. 

of  York  read  the  letter,  and    then  girded) 

the  King  with  the  sword   and   placed   the)      GEORGE'  COLMAN,  SEN.  (12  S.  x.  230).— 
cap  upon  his  head.     The  cap  was  thereupon    His  wife  s  Christian  name  was  barah  (see 
taken    off    again  and  borne   on  the  point    Faulkner  s    History  of  Kensington,   p.  272). 
of  the  same  sword   by  the   Lord    Stanley!  She  died  March  29,  1771. 
in    the    presence     of    the    Cardinal    Arch-  1  J-  B-  WHITMORE. 

bishop  of  Canterbury,  &c.  BROTHERS     OF     THE     SAME     CHRISTIAN 

Beltz,  presumably,  obtained  these  par-  NAME  (i2S.ix.  497;  andref.  x.  59).—  In  the 
ticulars  from  a  MS.  by  Francis  Tynne,  which  Acts  of  the  Privy  Council,  1613-1614,  recently 
gives  an  account  of  the  ceremonial  of  pre-  !  published  by  H.M.  Stationery  Office,  is  a 
senting  the  cap  and  sword.  This  MS.  is,  j  letter  to  tne  Bailiff  and  Jurattes  of  the  Isle 
I  believe,  preserved  in  Heralds'  College.  |  of  Guernsey  (June  20,  1613)  authorizing 

The  title  of  "  Defender  of  the  Faith  "  be-  1  them  to  "  heare  and  order  a  difference  be- 
longed anciently  to  the  Kings  of  England.  |  tweene  two  brothers,  Thomas  Marchant  the 
"We   are,    and   will   be,    Defenders   of   the  |  elder  and  Thomas  the  younger."        E.   R. 
Catholic  Faith  "  is  to  be  found  in  writs  of  j 

Richard  II.  Pope  Leo  X.  made  a  present  j  MlLK)  BUTTER  AND  CHEESE  STREETS 
to  Henry  VIII.  of  a  cardinal's  cap  tor  (12  S.  ix.  169,  214,  259,  413,  489).—  The 
his  answer  to  Luther  on  the  Babylonian  |  <  Street  Directory  of  the  Principal  Cities  of 
captivity,  and  hence  Henry  is  generally  j  the  United  States  '  on  cursory  inspection 


delineated   with   a   cap   of   this   description 
on  his  head  instead  of  a  crown. 


gives    these    details  :     Milk    Street    has    19 
entries,  with  Milk  Place  and  Milk  Lane  one 


Now  the  flat  red  hat  and  also  the  red  each,  and  Cream  Alley  one,  but  no  Butter 
calotte  (or  skull  cap)  of  the  cardinals  j  or  Churn  Street;  Dasher  Street  and 
is  intimately  associated  with  the  dignity  j  Dasher's  Alley  one  each,  the  latter  being  in 
of  their  office,  and  was  first  given  by  i  Macon,  Georgia,  which  is  well  provided, 
Innocent  IV.  to  the  cardinals  in  1245  to 'having  also  a  Dairy  Lane,  a  Curds  Alley 
remind  them  of  their  duty  to  shed  their  j  and  a  Curd  Street.  Press,  Street  and 
blood,  if  needful,  in  defence  of  the  Catholic  ]  Avenue,  have  one  each,  while  Curd  Street 
Faith  ;  the  colour  of  the  cap  having  that  I  appears  thrice  (and  likewise  Dairy  Street), 
special  signification.  |  but  no  Whey  or  even  Cheese.  If  it  were 

Therefore,  may  not  the  origin  of  the  cap  I  worth  anyone's  while,  the  kinds  of  cheese 
of  maintenance  be  traced  to  the  use  and1—  ;~1^  ^~  <*™™A*A  v^rrmri  *•.>,«««  •  .<?««*« 


signification  of  the  cardinal's  hat  or  cap 

A.  ALBRIGHT. 


might  be  expanded  beyond  these  :  Swiss 
Street  (5),  with  Alley  (1),  and  Avenue  (3), 
American,  Street  (7),  with  Avenue  (5), 


12  s.x.  APRIL  1,1922.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


259 


Place  ( 1 ),  Row  (1).  Dutch,  Street  and  Court, 
one  each.  Gloucester,  Street  (7),  ranges 
with  double  Gloucester  for  Avenue  and 
Place.  Limburger,  but  one — but  this  is 
enough.  ROCKINGHAM. 

Boston,  Mass. 


on 

The  Pastons  and  their  England :  Studies  in  an 
Age  of  Transition.  By  H.  S.  Bennett.  (Cam- 
bridge University  Press.  15s.  net.) 

WE  have  here  a  member  of  that  valuable  series 
'  Cambridge  Studies  in  Medieval  Life  and  Thought.' 
Such  studies  will  rarely  deal  with  richer  material 
than  the  Paston  Letters.  On  the  other  hand,  few 
periods  are  more  intractable  to  the  interpreter 
than  the  fifteenth  century  ;  and  these  letters, 
though  they  supply  a  virtually  inexhaustible 
mass  of  information,  furnish  comparatively 
slight  data  for  any  but  superficial  generalizations. 
Mr.  Bennett,  then,  has  addressed  himself  to  a 
singularly  difficult  task.  We  have  to  congratulate 
him  on  having  performed  it  well,  though  we  are 
inclined  to  think  that  he  would  have  succeeded 
even  better  if  its  difficulties  had  been  more 
insisted  upon — perhaps  had  been  more  constantly 

§  resent  to  his  own  mind.  Dr.  Gairdner's  intro- 
uction  to  his  great  edition  of  the  letters  provides 
the  student  with  an  ample  account  of  the  changing 
political  situation  in  which  the  Pastons  played 
their  parts.  Mr.  Bennett  amplifies  the  rather 
shadowy  portraiture  of  individuals  given  by 
Dr.  Gairdner  and  shows  them  in  their  contact 
not  with  public  so  much  as  with  private  affairs. 
The  first  two  chapters,  and,  in  part,  the  third 
and  fourth,  relate  the  history  of  the  Paston 
family  and  are,  broadly  speaking,  chronological : 
the  rest  of  the  book  is  composed  of  chapters  on 
several  aspects  and  activities  of  the  life  of  the 
time.  For  these  our  author  has  drawn  not  only 
upon  the  Letters,  of  which  it  is  clear  that  he  has 
made  a  close  and  fruitful  study,  but  also  upon 
the  now  numerous  published  original  documents 
belonging  to  the  period  and  upon  recognized 
authorities. 

He  calls  his  book  '  Studies  in  an  Age  of  Transi- 
tion,' and  this  sub-title  raises  a  point  to  which  we 
think  insufficient  attention  has  been  accorded. 
In  most  of  the  subjects  chosen  the  state  of  things 
under  discussion  might  well  have  been  illuminated 
by  more  frequent  reference  to  the  past,  of  which 
ft  was  in  part  a  development  and  in  part  a  dis- 
integration, and  to  the  future  which  was  to 
spring  from  it.  Without  this  reference  beyond 
itself  the  time  of  the  Wars  of  the  Roses  presents 
a  scene  of  confusion  even  more  hopeless  than 
need  be.  Yet  one  other  criticism  we  would 
make,  a  criticism  which  applies  to  a  large  number 

>f  otherwise  thorough  and  painstaking  studies 
the  Middle  Ages.  It  is  the  merest  common- 
place to  remark  that  in  those  centuries  the 
practice  of  religion  and  the  authority  and  doctrines 
of  the  Church  counted  for  infinitely  more  than 
they  do  in  modern  public  life,  and  counted  also 

a  a  somewhat  different  way.  Now  there  is  no 
sort  of  difficulty  about  obtaining  exact  and  full 


information  about  the  practices  and  beliefs  of 
the  Catholic  Church,  yet-^-perhaps  just  because 
it  is  so  easy  to  come  by — it  is  apparently  seldom 
sought.  A  historian  may  be  excused  from 
believing  in  the  faith  of  the  Church,  but  hardly 
from  knowing  what  it  is  ;  nor  should  he  write 
of  ceremonies  in  Holy  Week  or  masses  for  the 
dead  as  if  they  were  curious  and  now  antiquated 
superstitions  of  which  the  sense  is  but  half 
ascertained.  "  This  making  provision  for  candles 
for  the  month-mind  and  year-mind  seems  to  have 
been  very  common,"  says  our  author,  "  and 
evidently  had  some  ritualistic  significance."  So 
might  one  write,  say,  about  the  Polynesian 
canoe  for  the  dead. 

There  is  one  difficulty  about  the  letters  to  which 
Mr.  Bennett  shows  himself  fully  alive,  and  that 
is  the  general  absence  from  them  of  the  most 
ordinary  objects  and  everyday  doings  of  common 
life.  He  allows  amply  for  these  gaps  ;  as  he 
does  also  for  other  gaps  left  by  the  brevity  with 
which  most  affairs  are  treated — tempting  occasion 
for  imaginative  filling  in.  In  his  readiness  to 
conjecture  moods  and  tenses,  in  the  rather 
naive  treatment  of  his  chosen  topics,  he  betrays 
some  inexperience  and  immaturity  as  a  writer. 
As  a  student  no  fault  can  be  found  with  him. 
Hardly  a  statement  but  has  its  authority  marked  ; 
no  subject  treated  but  has  evidently  been  well 
searched  out  to  a  considerable  depth.  So  we 
are  told  about  the  home  life  and  the  houses  of 
those  days  ;  about  books  and  writing  ;  roads 
and  travel ;  law  and  lawlessness  ;  the  clergy  and 
the  life  of  the  country-side.  The  appendixes 
are  interesting  and  useful :  a  list  of  the  books 
possessed  by  the  Pastons,  and  a  list  of  their 
journeys  ;  a  few  letters  in  the  original  spelling  and 
(a  most  excellent  idea)  a  collation  of  Editions 
and  the  Original  Letters.  There  is  also  a  repro- 
duction of  a  fourteenth-century  map  from  Gough's 
'  British  Topography  ' — a  pleasant  feature.  An 
ordinary  map  of  Norfolk  giving  the  situation  of 
the  Paston  properties  would  be  a  good  addition 
to  the  book,  whenever  it  is  reprinted. 

Dante  :  Poet  and  Apostle.     By  Ernest  H.  Wilkins. 

(Chicago  University  Press.) 

MOST  introductions  to  the  work  of  Dante  expatiate 
upon  the  history  of  the  times  and  the  circum- 
stances of  the  poet's  life.  Dr.  Wilkins  touches 
these  sparingly  and  without  emphasis,  making 
his  main  theme  Dante's  inner  experience,  de- 
velopment and  message  to  the  world.  These 
cannot,  indeed,  be  understood  to  much  purpose 
when  taken  thus  in  isolation  ;  but  there  is  plenty 
of  literature  to  supply  what  this  study  does  not 
give.  It  may  also  be  argued  that  external  facts 
have  usually  counted  for  too  much  in  interpreta- 
tions of  Dante,  so  that  a  consideration  from  which 
they  are  all  but  dropped  out  might  serve  as  a 
corrective.  Passing  on  to  the  picture  of  Dante's 
mind  which  Dr.  Wilkins  presents  to  us — in  which 
an  "  apostleship  of  joy"  is  the  most  characteristic 
feature — we  find  it  unduly  simplified.  Dante's 
attitude  towards  society  is  fully  as  important  as 
his  attitude  towards  religion,  but  it  is  barely 
alluded  to.  Yet  it  should  greatly  have  modified  the 
conception  of  him  as  the  "  apostle  of  joy.''  Again, 
the  several  functions  of  tradition  and  the  poet's 
imagination  in  regard  to  the  subject-matter  of 


260 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [  12  s.x.  APRIL  1,1022. 


the  Divine  Comedy  are  nowhere  brought  out ; 
the  beginner,  unless  fairly  well  acquainted  with 
the  history  and  the  beliefs  of  the  period,  can 
hardly  fail  to  impute  too  much  to  invention. 
The  best  one  can  say  is  that  the  gloom  of  Dante 
having  been  exaggerated,  an  exaggeration  on  the 
other  side  may  not  be  amiss  ;  and  his  wealth 
of  learning,  fact  and  external  detail  being  so 
great,  and  so  greatly  esteemed,  it  is  as  well  to 
forget  them  on  occasion  in  favour  of  his  piety  and 
aspiration. 

The  Churches  of  the  City  of  London.     By  Herbert 

Reynolds.  (John  Lane.  6s.  net.) 
THE  drawings  which  illustrate  this  book  have  all 
the  usual  advantage  over  photographs  in  the 
matter  of  vitality  and  interest.  To  make  them 
was  plainly  a  labour  of  love,  and  they  are  pleasant 
to  look  at  on  the  page.  Feeling,  however,  a  little 
doubtful  as  we  examined  familiar  St.  Bride  and 
St.  Martin,  Ludgate  Hill,  we  carried  the  book 
around,  as  an  American  might  say,  and  compared 
the  drawings  with  the  towers  in  the  nearer 
neighbourhood  of  St.  Paul's.  Truth  compels  us 
to  say  that  this  comparison  revealed  a  good  deal 
of  inaccuracy,  some  of  it  sufficient  to  deprive  the 
drawing  of  much  value  as  a  representation  of  the 
tower.  It  is  particularly  in  the  matter  of  cornices 
and  the  relative  projection  of  parts  that  our 
artist  goes  astray.  Photographs  might  well 
have  been  of  use  as  a  check.  The  letterpress  is 
slightr— thus,  no  one  would  realize,  from  the  account 
of  it  given  here,  the  great  interest  of  St.  Bartholo- 
mew the  Great.  Still,  as  the  companion  of  a 
ramble  in  the  City  this  well-printed  and  attractive 
little  book  should  have  its  uses. 

Tales  by  Nathaniel  Hawthorne.  Selected  and 
edited  with  an  Introduction  by  Carl  van 
Doren.  (Oxford  University  Press.) 
A  RE-READING  of  Nathaniel  Hawthorne  might 
•be  recommended  to  anyone  whose  palate  recent 
fiction  has  a  little  jaded.  We  need  not  at  this 
time  of  day  set  about  to  praise  his  beautiful 
diction ;  his  delicate  intricacy  of  form  and 
colour ;  his  sure  feeling  for  climax  ;  and  the 
curious,  but  in  most  cases  aesthetically  happy, 
use  which  he  makes  of  a  "  moral  "  to  a  romance. 
Mr.  Carl  von  Doren  supplies  a  sketch  of  Haw- 
thorne's life  and  a  pleasant  appreciation  of  the 
quality  of  these  tales.  The  selection  is  good. 

Lists  of  the  Records  of  the  Treasury,  the  Paymaster- 
General's    Office,    the    Exchequer     and     Audit, 
Department  and  the  Board  of  Trade,  to    1837, 
preserved    in    the    Public    Record    Office.     (His 
Majesty's  Stationery  Office.     £1  7s.  6d.  net.) 
STUDENTS  will  be  glad  to  have  these  lists  to  their 
hand.     The    Treasury    documents — exclusive    of 
a  few  miscellaneous  papers  of  early  date — begin 
with   the   year    1635,    when   the    office   of    Lord 
Treasurer    was    placed    in    commission.     Among 
them,  besides  the  Letters,  Minutes  and  Accounts, 
are  the  records  of  several  important  or  interesting 
expired    commissions    and    other    bodies,    papers 
referring  to  claims  and  compensations,  the  semi- 
official   papers    of    Lord   North   relating   to   the 
administration    of    Warren    Hastings    and    other 
Miscellanea.     A  concise  Introduction  supplies  the 
information  necessary  for  a  satisfactory  u?e   of 
this  compilation. 


A  Shakespeare  Dictionary.  Part  IV.  :  The  Tem- 
pest. By  Arthur  E.  Baker.  (3s.  Qd.  net.) 
WE  have  already  noticed  with  pleasure  this 
enterprise  of  the  Borough  Librarian  of  Taunton. 
He  deals  with  '  The  Tempest '  after  the  same 
plan  as  he  followed  with  '  Macbeth.'  The 
question  of  the  source  or  sources  is  illustrated 
by  copious  appendices,  which  include  the  text 
of  Jourdan's  '  Discovery  of  the  Barmvdas,  other- 
wise called  the  He  of  Divels,'  and  Cohn's  Intro- 
duction to  Ayrer's  '  Die  schone  Sidea.'  The 
outline  of  the  play  is  deftly  set  out  and  the 
alphabet  of  names  carefully  drawn  up,  lavishly 
illustrated  with  quotations  and  supplied  with 
full  references. 

Bibliographies  of  Modern  Authors,  No.  4  .-  J.  C. 
Squire  and  James  Stephens.  Compiled  by 
I.  A.  Williams.  (Leslie  Chaundy  and  Co. 
Is.  6d.  net.) 

WE  have  more  than  once  drawn  attention  to  these 
carefully  compiled  and  beautifully  printed 
bibliographies,  which  will  assuredly  be  found  by 
dilettanti  and  collectors  in  future  days  of  very 
great  use.  The  present  example  is  no  less  good 
than  its  predecessors. 


CORRIGENDUM. 

At  ante',  p.    216,   col.    2,   line   4,   for   "  souni  " 
read  soum. 


J?otice£  to  CorreSponbentsL 

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MR.  A.  C.  WILLIS  writes  re  '  "  Gregor  "  of  the 
Mosquito  Coast'  (12  S.  x.  190,  233):  "I 
beg  to  thank  those  gentlemen  who  have  so 
kindly  replied  to  my  inquiry  in  your  issue  of 
March  25.  I  trust  I  have  not  accused  '  Gregor ' 
of  '  frauds  '  unduly,  but  I  recollect  that  G.  A. 
Sala  used  that  word  in  alluding  to  '  Gregor.' 
Probably  the  people  who  paid  him  for  Land 
Grants  and  lost  money  felt  aggrieved  and  gave 
the  transactions  a  bad  name.  It  is  good  to  find 
that  '  Gregor '  was  a  gallant  soldier." 


12S.X.  APRIL  1,  1922.] 


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12  S.X.  APRIL  8,  1922.]  NOTES     AND     QUERIES. 


261 


LONDON,  APRIL  8,  1922. 


CONTENTS.— No.  208. 

NOTES  :— '  Gloucester  Journal,'  1722-1922,  261— The  Loss 
of  H.M.S.  Tiger,  264— William  Clyburne,  266— Westminster 
and  St.  Martin's-in-the-Fields — '  Dear  Ally  Croaker  ' — 
The  King's  Printing  House,  Thames  Street,  1653.  268— 
Exhibitions  of  Automata  in  London,  269 — Signatures  of 
British  Officers  serving  in  the  Netherlands,  270. 

QUERIES  :— Did  Lord  Byron  make  a  Tour  in  Corsica  in  1821— 
'  The  Fly-flsher's  Entomology,'  by  Alfred  Ronalds,  270 — 
Delaplace— "  Old  Richard  "—Clerk  of  the  Peace.  Mid- 
dlesex. 1693— Oscar  Wilde— Fleet  Marriages:  Registers- 
Early  Suffolk  MSS.— Dorothy  Pocock  of  Bradley  Court. 
Chieveley.  Berks.  271 — Giraldus  Cambrensis— Heraldic  and 
Genealogical  Societies  in  America — Ledbury.  Hereford— 
Pedwardine  Family— North  of  Walkeringham— Lackland 
Family — "  Dutch  Hand-coloured  Prints  " — Old  Christmas 
Carol.  272— "The  King's  Standinge"  in  Richmond  Park — 
John  Abercrombie,  Horticulturist— Richard  Reynolds- 
George  and  John  Maddeson — Mark  Akenside — Epitaphs  on 
Sportsmen  —  Keats  Query  —  Reference  wanted  —  Author 
wanted.  273. 

REPLIES :— Early  Victorian  Literature.  273— Cap  of  Main- 
tenance, 275— John  Frederick  Smith,  Novelist,  276 — Colonel 
Montre'sor  of  Belmont.  277— Pallone,  an  Italian  Game — 
Identification  of  Flag— The  Troutbeck  Pedigree,  278 — 
The  Steam  Packet— Edward  Stephenson — Tercentenary 
Handlist  of  Newspapers— English  Army  Slang,  279. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS :—' Johnsonian  Gleanings.'  Part  III.— 
'  Journal  of  the  Travels  of  Father  Samuel  Fritz ' — '  The 
Oxford  University  Press.' 


'GLOUCESTER  JOURNAL,'  1722-1922. 
PART  I.  THE  RAIKES  FAMILY  (1722-1802). 
THE  attainment  of  a  continuous  life  of  200 
years  for  a  newspaper  is  still  of  rare  occur- 
rence and  will  be  so  for  some  time  to  come. 
*  N.  &  Q.'  has  long  been  the  repository 
for  records  of  the  Press,  and  the  celebration 
of  the  bicentenary  of  the  Gloucester  Journal, 
which  with  its  issue  of  April  8  will  com- 
plete its  200th  year,  is  worthy  to  be  added 
to  them.  In  consequence  of  certain  special  cir- 
cumstances the  event  is  of  more  than  ordinary 
interest,  and  in  one  particular  unique,  a 
word  advisedly  used  with  caution.  There 
is  certainly  only  one  instance  of  two  papers 
founded  jointly  by  the  same  printers  which 
have  been  published  continuously  under 
the  same  title  for  two  centuries.  In  1720 
the  Northampton  Mercury  was  established 
by  Robert  Raikes  and  William  Dicey,  who 
also,  in  1722,  founded  the  Gloucester  Journal, 
and  in  both  cases  the  papers  enjoy  a 


prosperous  existence  in  1922  under  their 
original  titles. 

In  gathering  particulars  of  the  history  of 
the  Gloucester  Journal  it  occurred  to  me  to 
sift  the  available  information  concerning 
the  provincial  Press  prior  to  1723,  and 
having  regard  to  the  more  trustworthy 
data  given  in  *  N.  &  Q.'  in  recent  years, 
a  chronological  list  of  such  papers  has  been 
attempted.  There  has  been  much  mis- 
understanding in  dating  papers,  too  great 
reliance  being  placed  on  numbers  of  volumes 
and  issues.  Though  the  facts  connected 
with  the  age  of  the  Gloucester  Journal  are 
unimpeachable,  anyone  who  dated  it  from 
the  numbering  of  the  volumes  between 
1872  and  1892  would,  as  I  have  shown  in 
*  N.  &  Q.'  (11  S.  xi.  317),  be  sadly  led  astray. 
Even  in  1920  and  1921  there  has  been 
some  curious  manipulation  of  the  Roman 
numerals. 

The  following  is  as  complete  a  list  of 
provincial  papers  established  before  1723 
is  I  have  found  it  possible  to  compile,  and 
I  offer  it  with  due  reservation.  The  years 
given  are  calculated  from  the  numbers  of  the 
earliest  copies  known.  It  may  perhaps 
confute  the  oft-repeated  statement  that 
cathedral  cities  are  "  slow,"  for  it  will  be 
observed  that  such  towns  take  pride  of 
place,  not  only  in  point  of  date,  but  in 
number,  compared  with  other  more  rapid  (?) 
centres  ! 

1701.  Norwich  Post.      (No.  348  is  dated  April  24- 

May  1,  1708,  and  1701  is  correct  only 
so  far  as  the  number  can  be  relied  upon.) 

1702.  Bristol    Post-Boy.      (No.    91    dated    Aug. 

12,   1704.) 

1706.  Norwich  Post-Man.     (No.  68  dated  April  10, 

1708.) 

Norwich  Gazette.  (No.  134  dated  April  9, 
1709.) 

1707.  Joe   Bliss's    Exeter   Post-Boy.      (No.    211 

dated  May  4,  1711.)  Continued  as 
'  The  Protestant  Mercury,  or  Exeter 
Post-Boy,'  1715.) 

1708.  The  Protestant's  Packet  (later   '  Norwich 

Weekly  Mercury'). 

1709.  Worcester     Post-Man.     In     progress       as 

'  Berrow's  Worcester  Journal.' 

1710.  Nottingham     Weekly     Courant.     No.      1, 

Nov.  27. 

Nottingham  Post.  (No.  42,  dated  July  11- 
18,  1711.) 

1712.  Liverpool  Courant.     (No.  18,  dated  July  16- 

18.) 

1713.  Bristol  Post-Man,  No.  24,  July  15.     (This 

is  the  present  '  Bristol  Times  and 
Mirror.') 

Stamford  Mercury.  (Though  the  date  of 
first  publication  was  long  stated  as  1695, 
the  correct  date  is  1713.  The  present 
'  Lincoln,  Rutland,  and  Stamford 


262 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[12S.X.  APRILS,  1922. 


Mercury '  is  the  original  '  Howgrave's 
Stamford  Mercury,'  established  in  1732, 
the  '  Stamford  Mercury  '  of  1713  ceas- 
ing publication  almost  concurrently. 
'  N.  &  Q.,'  11  S.  vii.  471-2.) 

1714.  Norwich     Courant.       (?    Now     '  Norwich 

Mercury.') 
Exeter  Mercury.     No.   1,  Sept.  24. 

1715.  Bristol  Weekly  Mercury.      (No.   61  dated 

Dec.   1,   1716.) 

Nottingham  Mercury.     Nov.   18. 
Salisbury  Post    Man.      No.    1,   Sept.    27. 

(Though    bearing   the    date    given,  this 

cannot    have    been    issued    until    the 

November  following.) 
Sam  Farley's  Bristol  Post-Man.      (No.  25 

dated  Dec.    31.) 

1716.  Suffolk   Mercury.     (No.   43   dated  Feb.   3, 

1717.) 

1717.  Kentish      Post      (Canterbury),     Oct.     23. 

(Still  issued  as  '  Kentish  Gazette.') 
St.  Ives  Post  (Hunts).  Established 
March  18,  1716/17,  and  continued  until 
June  16,  1718.  The  reference  in 
'  N.  &  Q.,'  12  S.  ii.  366,  gives  March  18, 
1716,  but  should  have  been  indicated 
as  old  style.*  Allnutt,  *  Bibliographia,' 
ii.  300,  dates  vol.  ii.,  No.  1,  Jan.  20, 
1718.) 

1718.  Cirencester  Post.     (No.  1 8,  dated  March  1 6, 

1719.) 

Leeds  Mercury.  May.  (Discontinued  in 
1755  and  resumed  in  1767.  Still  pub- 
lished as  a  daily  paper.) 

Plymouth  Weekly  Journal.  No.  36, 
Aug.  29. 

St.  Ives  Post-Boy  (Hunts).   No.  2,  June  23. 

York  Mercury.     Feb.  23. 

1719.  Derby  Post-Man.     No.  1,  Dec.  1. 
Ludlow  Post-Man.     No.  1,  Oct.  9. 
Manchester    Weekly    Journal.      (No.     325 

dated  March  15,  1725.) 
St.    Ives  Mercury  (Hunts).    Vol.  1,  No.  6, 
Nov.   16. 

1720.  The  Postmaster  (Exeter).  No.  16,  Nov.  11. 
Ipswich  Journal.     No.  14,  Nov.  19. 
Newcastle  Courant.     (No.   213  dated  July 

18,   1724.) 

NORTHAMPTON  MERCURY,  No.  1,  May  2. 
In  progress. 

1721.  Chester  Weekly  Journal.     (No.   174  dated 

Sept.    3,    1724.) 
Weekly  Mercury  (Norwich). 

1722.  GLOUCESTER  JOURNAL.     No.   1,  April  9. 
Farley's  Exeter  Journal.     (No.  180,   Jan. 

6,  1726,  which,  if  correct—the  number- 
ing is  erratic — would  date  the  first 
number  as  in  May,  1722.) 

*  Since  writing  the  above,  Mr.  Falconer  Madan 
has  most  kindly  given  me  particulars  of  the  copies 
in  the  Bodleian.  He  tells  me  that  vol.  ii., 
Nos.  1-21,  of  the  St.  Ives  Post,  published  by 
J.  Fisher,  are  dated  from  Jan.  20,  1718  [i.e. 
1717/18]  to  June  16,  1718,  the  last  ending  with 
p.  236.  There  are  also  hi  the  Bodleian  vol.  i., 
Nos.  2-36,  of  the  St.  Ives  Post:  or,  The  Loyal 
Packet.  No.  2  is  dated  June  23,  1718,  and  No.  36 
is  dated  Feb.  16,  1718/19.  This  paper  was 
published  by  Robert  Raikes.  No.  1  is  assumed 
to  have  been  printed. 


The  list  comprises  38  papers,  and  I 
think  it  may  be  fairly  claimed  that  there 
are  only  seven  (perhaps  only  six)  which 
have  survived.  Of  the  seven  only  two 
(6-7)  have  been  published  continuously 
without  change  of  title  or  being  absorbed 
by  other  papers.  Number  5  certainly  had 
a  break  of  11  or  12  years  (1755-66)  in 
publication,  and  though  3  has  been  described 
as  the  "  ancestor  "  of  the  Norwich  Mercury, 
I  have  not  been  able  to  satisfy  myself  that 
there  was  direct  continuity.  My  list  is  : — 

1.  Worcester  Post-Man.     (Now  '  Berrow's  Wor- 
cester Journal.') 

2.  Bristol  Post-Man.    (Now  '  Bristol  Times  and 
Mirror.') 

3.  Norwich  Courant.     (?  Now  '  Norwich  Mer- 
cury.') 

4.  Kentish  Post.    (Now  '  Kentish  Gazette.') 

6.  Leeds  Mercury.  (Publication  suspended 
1755-66.) 

6.  Northampton  Mercury. 

7.  GLOUCESTER  JOURNAL. 

The  earlier  history  of  the  papers  founded 
by  Robert  Raikes  and  William  Dicey  is 
recorded  in  *  N.  &  Q.,'  8  S.  vi.  25-6—11  S. 
ii.  481-2—12  S.  ii.  366,  and  I  will  not 
recapitulate  this  more  than  by  a  reference 
to  the  Northampton  Mercury,  which  com- 
menced publication  on  May  2,  1720.  I  may 
mention  that  there  is  an  excellent  oil 
painting  of  William  Dicey  now  lent  to  the 
Northampton  Public  Library.  Nothing  is 
known  of  a  similar  likeness  of  Robert 
Raikes. 

As  there  is  much  confusion  as  to  the  identity 
of  Robert  Raikes  the  elder — by  many  the 
foundation  of  the  Gloucester  Journal  is 
attributed  to  his  son  of  the  same  name, 
who  achieved  greater  fame  in  connexion 
with  the  Sunday  School  movement — I 
venture  to  give  the  following  particulars 
based  on  family  information  supplied  to 
Burke's  'Landed  Gentry'  (1914  edition) 
and  elsewhere. 

Robert  Raikes  came  of  a  good  Yorkshire 
family,  of  which  three  brothers,  Richard, 
Thomas  and  Robert,  were  merchants  of 
standing  in  Hull  in  the  seventeenth  century, 
the  second  named  being  mayor  of  the  city 
on  three  occasions.  His  grandfather, 
Richard  Raikes  (d.  1671),  of  Emmanuel 
College,  Cambridge,  was  vicar  of  Hessle 
and  curate  of  Beeford,  Yorks.  His  father, 
Timothy  Raikes  (d.  1722),  of  St.  John's 
College,  Cambridge  (B.A.  1670),  was  vicar 
of  Tickhill  and  also  of  Hessle,  near 
Hull.  Robert,  eldest  of  three  sons,  was 
baptized  April  22,  1690.  A  curious  error 
appears  to  have  crept  into  the  printed 


,  1922.1        NOTES   AND  QUERIES.  283 


register     of    Christ's     College,     Cambridge,  six  pages  of  type-measure  lOfin.  by    6|in., 

which  contains  the  name  of  Robert  Raikes,  the  full  sheet  being  probably  about  12|  by  7. 

"  son  of  Robert :    born  at  Northallerton,"  The  setting  of  the  title  is  as  follows  : — 

and  the  compiler,  the  late  Master  of  Christ's,  A                                                    Numb.  1. 
identifies    him    with    the    founder    of    the 


Gloucester  Journal. 

[Woodcut] 

With  the  most  material  Foreign  Advices, 

as   1  /    (which  would  date  the  year  of  birth  And  the  largest  Account  Of  Home  News. 

1684),  and  his  school  as  Eton.     From  the 


Journal.      His  age   at  entry  (1701)  is  given 


tablet  in  St.  Mary  de  Crypt  Church. !  MONDAY,  April  9.*  [To  be  continued  Weekly.] 
Gloucester,  we  know  that  the  Robert  Raikes  rphe  ^taring,  an  interesting  feature,  above 
of  the  Gloucester  Journal  died  in  his  68th  the  title?  is  used  for  Nos>  l_w — A  to  Kj 
year,  which  would  give  1690  as  that  of  his  |  the  letter  j  being  omitted.  After  this  the 
birth.  Through  the  kindness  of  Mr.  W.M.J.  issues  were  numbered  only.  The  price, 
Williams  I  have  ascertained  that  no  one ,  three  halfpence,  was  printed  onl  yon  Nos.  1, 
of  the  name  of  Raikes  is  given  in  Austen- 1  3>  4?  5>  147>  and  more  or  less  continuously 
Leigh's  'Eton  Collegers,  and  he  kindly  until  Sept.  22,  1730;  after  then  it  was 
sends  me  the  entry  from  Foster  s  Register  omitted  for  many  years.  Including  the  issue 


of    Admissions    at    Gray's    Inn '    (which    is 


for    April    24,     1725,    each    week's    paper 


corroborated  from  the  original  by  the  c onsis ted  of  six  pages  ;  these  were  numbered 
Under-Treasurer  of  the  Inn)  as  |  on  through  vols.  i.-iii.,  which  ended  with 

wVi0™  ^ne?n  ^bA,RafikeSnT  avnd  h?r  °f!  April  24,  and  the  continuous  pagination- 
Bob  Raikes  of  North  AHerton  Co  York  gent  w]th  '  the  following  959  not 

Had  Robert  Raikes  of  Gloucester  been ,  bei ng  Lnumbered  ,  a!  it  was  completely 
connected  with  the  Bar  the fact  could  fiUe(f  with  ft  Ust  of  thirteen  "divisions," 
scarcely  have  escaped  notice^  No  doubt  the  ^  which  the  districts  of  the  «  distributers  " 
ascription  in  the  Christ  s  College  Register  I  Q£  the  were  divided  fpom.  which  it  is 

was  quite  inadvertent  and  possibly  arose  f rom  geen  th^tFbesides  Gloucestershire,  the  paper 
Delusions  rather  hastily  drawn  from  the  circulated  over  the  counties  of  Wilts,  Here- 
^  D.N.B.' (which  is  cited),  but  it  seems  desir- '  ford  Worcester>  Warwick,  Shropshire,  Ox- 
able  to  draw  attention  to  the  compiler  s  ford  Berk  Monmouth)  and  in  m  ts 
note. 


The    Northampton    Mercury    can    hardly        The      mters>  address  below  the  woodcut, 
have  been  fairly  established  before  Raikes   which  £  emblematical  of  Time>  Prudence, 
arid  Dicey  were  looking  farther  afield,  and        d  th    carri        of  n          is  as  follows 
they  chose  the  city  of  Gloucester,  where  so  j  Gentlemen 

far  no  printing  press  had  been  set  up  (the  \  The  gp^at  Advantages  which  the  Art  of 
imprint  on  the  tract  entitled  Ihe  Cooler  PRINTING  conveys  to  the  LEARNED  WORLD  are 
of  Glocester,'  purporting  to  have  been  so  well  known,  that  to  entertain  you  with  a 
printed  in  the  city  in  1713,  has  been  con- 
demned as  spurious),  and  a  district  which 
offered  every  prospect  of  success.  Here, 


long  Discourse  upon  that  Theme  would  be  a 
needless  and  useless  Attempt.  We  shall  avoid 
all  Prolixity  of  this  Nature,  and  beg  Leave  to 
acquaint  you  with  our  Design  at  once,  viz. 
That  we  intend  to  publish  a  Weekly  News- 
Paper,  (which  under  your  Favour  and  Protection 
we  presume  to  style,  THE  GLOUCESTER  JOURNAL, 
a  Neics  p—  ^«fi<^  ™-  fir.™,™™  and)  wherein  we  shall  insert  a  just  Relation  of 


on  March  10,  1721/2,  a  handbill,  of  which 
one  copy  happily  exists,  was  issued,  an- 
nouncing the  forthcoming  publication  of 


-s.  .   .. 

in    London,    and    all    other    Irading    Cities    and  . 


n,  .  -,     •>,         4.     r>     4-1  ™,«.       v.,,*    «,  «    T/^TT-D-^T.T    ^4 

Market  Towns  50  Miles  round.    The  Paper  will  be  I  ?°ubtfllnot:    Gentlfmen'    *J*  ,£^£££^1  7 
suitable  to  all  Degrees  and  Capacities,  and  will  !  have.  th.?  Approbation  of  all  .its  Readers    and  s 
i.-j    _-ii-6_ii    ii--    /-,__     xi._i.   \,r  __  _    meet  with  Encouragement  equal  to  its  Merit. 


be   collected  with  all   the   Care   that  Money   or 
Industry  is  capable  of  procuring. 


meet  with  Encouragement  equal 

The    first    office   is    described   as    "  over- 


Four  weeks  later,  on  April  9,  No.  1  of  the  against  the  Swan-Inn,"  the  exact  position 
Gloucester  Journal  was  issued,  and  an  j  of  which  has  not  been  located,  but  it  was 
excellent  production  it  proved.  Raikes  and  i  quite  near  the  later  offices  and  also  the 
Dicey  had  evidently  found  that  the  small '  present  one. 

quarto  form  which  they  had  used  hitherto  j  The  Journal  was  conducted  with  enter  - 
might  be  improved,  and  the  new  paper  was  '  *  Ifc  wlU  be  seen  that  the  year  was  not  printed, 
therefore  issued  in  large  size,  consisting  of,  This  was  added  with  the  issue  of  No.  3  (April  23). 


264 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [  12  s.x.  APRIL 8,1022. 


prise  and  also  with  editorial  pride  for  the 
accuracy  of  its  news,  and  the  quickness  with 
which  it  printed  the  "  posts  "  received,  for 
it  promised  : — 

N.B.  This  Journal  shall  constantly  contain 
(Weekly)  all  the  three  Posts  regularly,  (as  Thurs- 
days, Saturdays,  and  Mondays)  and  not  as  some 
other  News  Papers  published  in  this  Country  (an 
errant  cheat  to  the  Publick)  where  the  whole  of 
the  last  Post  is  always  left  for  the  beginning  of  the 
next  Week :  So  that  consequently  the  chiefest, 
greatest,  and  most  material  Part  of  their  News 
is  a  Week  old  before  it  comes  out. 

Variations  were  made  from  time  to  time 
in  the  heading  and  style  of  type  used.  The 
original  woodcut  was  used  for  two  years  and 
replaced  (April  6,  1724)  by  a  new  view,  one 
of  the  "  S :  W :  Prospect  of  Gloucester,"  which 
has  some  historical  value  for  depicting 
buildings  now  gone.  The  word  The  was 
added  before  Gloucester  Journal  and  so 
printed  (except  for  spelling  as  '  GlocesterS 
used  from  April  16,  1754)  until  Dec.  31,  1810. 
The  second  woodcut  was  used  for  the  last  time 
on  April  24,  1725,  and  from  that  date  until 
April  16,  1754,  when  the  figure  of  Prudence 
and  the  arms  of  the  city  were  placed  on 
either  side  of  the  title.  Rules  for  columns 
were  used  first  on  May  31,  1725,  and 
on  Sept.  6  following,  the  page  was 
arranged  in  three  columns  instead  of  two. 
In  '  N.  &  Q.'  (11  S.  xi.  317)  I  have  referred  to 
errors  in  numbering  the  earlier  issues  of  the 
paper  and  also  the  curious  variation  in 
volume  numbers  between  1872  and  1892. 

In  1725  came  the  first  important  change  in 
the  conduct  of  the  paper,  Raikes  and  Dicey 
deciding  to  dissolve  the  partnership.  The 
last  number  of  the  Northampton  Mercury 
bearing  their  two  names  is  Sept.  13 
(not  October,  as  stated  in  its  bicentenary 
number),  1725,  and  of  the  Gloucester  Journal 
Sept.  20,  1725,  and  from  the  latter  date  both 
papers  must  have  been  carried  on  indepen- 
dently. 

On  May  3,  1725,  the  form  of  the  paper  was 
changed  to  four  pages  instead  of  six,  the 
type-measure  was  slightly  increased  and  the 
price  raised  from  \%d.  to  2d.  The  type- 
measure  was  increased  in  1727  and  again  in 
1734,  of  which  the  printer  gives  notice  as 
follows  : — 

Altho'  the  Printer  hereof  will  be  at  upwards  of 
201.  per  Ann.  extraordinary  Expenses,  on  account 
of  the  Enlargement  of  the  Paper  the  News  is  now 
printed  on,  the  said  Paper  will  be  continued  to  be 
sold  at  2d.  Weekly,  or  2s.  3d.  per  Quarter  ;  the 
Overplus  Penny  being  allow'd  to  the  industrious 
Traveller,  for  his  care  to  oblige  his  Customers. 

In  1737  it  was  approximately  14in.  by  9£in. 
In  1728  and  1729  occurred  the  encounter 


which  Raikes  had  with  the  House  of  Com- 
mons and  may  be  said  to  have  risked  for 
the  sake  of  the  freedom  of  the  Press.  The 
incidents  are  too  well  known  to  need  detailed 
reference,  but  it  is  of  interest  to  mention 
that  the  first  offence  was  for  printing  a 
paragraph  referring  to  the  state  of  the 
National  Debt,  then  (1728)  just  under 
£7,000,000  (!),  and  that  on  the  copy  of  the 
issue  seen  is  written  in  ink  "  The  Woful 
Paragraph,"  and  below,  in  a  different  hand, 
"  this  Paragraph  cost  R,  R.  40£." 

In  1753  the  editor  claimed  the  paper 
"  takes  a  much  larger  Circuit  than  any  other 
Country  Paper  whatever."  Raikes  fre- 
quently published  supplements  to  the  paper,, 
one  of  the  most  interesting  being  a  series  (in 
1739)  entitled  "  Country  Common  Sense," 
of  which  at  least  24  numbers  were  issued. 
His  death  occurred  on  Sept.  7,  1757,  and 
it  is  characteristic  of  the  reticence  which 
has  always  been  a  feature  of  the  paper  that 
no  reference  at  all  was  made  to  it. 

ROLAND  AUSTIN. 

Gloucester. 

(To  be  concluded.) 


THE  LOSS  OF  H.M.S.  TIGER. 

THE  following  account  of  the  loss  of  the 
Tiger  in  the  Black  Sea,  April  12,  1854, 
is  taken  from  the  Adm.  Med.  Journals, 
123/5,  at  the  P.R.O.  :— 

.  .  .  In  April,  1854,  the  Fleets  again  entered  the 
Euxine  and  shortly  anchored  at  Baltchich,  where 
the  declaration  of  war  was  announced  and 
preparations  for  more  active  service  were  ren- 
dered necessary.  On  the  2nd  April,  the  Tiger 
being  one  of  the  ships  selected  for  the  attack  on 
Odessa,  I  made  every  preparation  below  relative 
to  the  reception  of  the  wounded.  .  .  .  Pro- 
videntially, on  this  occasion,  these  preparations 
were  not  rendered  necessary  as  no  casualty  of  the 
slightest  description  occurred  during  the  twelve- 
consecutive  hours  that  we  continued  engaged 
with  the  enemy's  batteries.  From  this  time  up 
to  the  llth  we  were  with  the  squadron  off  Sebas- 
topol,  cruising  in  cold,  damp  and  foggy  weather  ; 
on  this  day  we  started  in  company  with  the 
Vesuvius  and  Niger  and  steered  in  the  direction' 
of  Odessa,  passing  in  the  afternoon  into  one  of  the 
dense  fogs  whose  darkness  we  had  already  ex- 
perienced and  which  seem  to  prevail  at  this  season 
in  the  Black  Sea. 

On  the  morning  of  the  12th,  about  6  a.m.,  I  was 
awoke  by  a  shock  and  a  grinding  sensation  con- 
veying the  impression  that  we  had  come  in  con- 
tact with  another  vessel,  but  we  were  soon' 
alive  to  the  reality  and  peril  of  our  position  as 
the  ship  had  struck  the  ground  not  much  more 
than  her  own  length  from  the  beach,  and  as  the 
fog  gradually  cleared  off  we  found  ourselves, 
lying  under  a  high  cliff  that  rose  above  our  mast- 
heads at  a  distance  of  about  250  yards. 


1 2 s.x. APRILS,  1922.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


265 


Every  possible  means  were  employed  to  get  the 
ship  off,  by  passing  overboard  guns,  shot,  anchors 
and  other  heavy  materials  ;  one  anchor  was  laid 
out  to  seaward  and  the  cable  brought  to  the 
capstan,  at  which  as  many  men  as  could  find  room 
employed  their  utmost  strength,  aided  at  the 
same  time  by  the  reversed  action  of  the  paddle- 
wheels  moved  by  the  full  steam  power.  Feeling 
sure  that  little  time  would  elapse  before  our  posi- 
tion became  known  to  the  enemy,  on  whose 
coast  we  were  thus  unfortunately  thrown,  I 
quietly  proceeded  to  prepare  for  the  reception  of 
wounded  men  and  got  all  things  ready  as  for 
general  action,  and  it  was  not  long  before  my 
anticipations  were  effectually  realized,  as  about 
9  o'clock  a  sharp  fire  of  musketry  was  opened 
upon  us  from  the  cliff  and  the  rattle  of  the  small 
arms  was  soon  intermingled  with  the  louder 
report  of  the  more  destructive  heavy  ordnance, 
every  one  of  which  was  attended  by  a  simul- 
taneous crash  on  board,  as  shot  or  shell  came 
tearing  through  the  spars  and  rigging  or  plunging 
through  our  decks. 

The  first  few  shots  were  directed  towards  the 
masts,  but  on  obtaining  a  better  range  a  dis- 
charge of  shell  upon  our  almost  defenceless 
decks  was  kept  up  so  vigorously  that  the  ship 
was  shortly  on  fire  in  two  places,  and  the  Captain 
and  four  others  brought  below,  dangerously 
wounded,  from  the  forecastle,  where  an  endeavour 
was  being  made  to  repel  this  attack  with  a 
solitary  gun  ;  the  others  having  been  thrown 
overboard,  or  in  positions  unavailable  for  the 
defence  of  the  ship. 

As  the  Captain  was  being  carried  below  he  gave 
the  order  to  discontinue  firing  and  the  men  to 
retire  to  the  shelter  of  the  main  deck,  also  that 
the  Russian  flag  should  be  hoisted  in  token  of 
surrender  and  that  one  of  the  Lieutenants  should 
go  on  shore  to  inform  the  Officer  in  command 
of  the  troops  :  any  further  resistance  would  only 
have  entailed  a  greater  effusion  of  blood  without 
any  possible  advantage  accruing.  Having  de- 
livered these  orders  he  requested  to  know  the 
nature  and  extent  of  his  wounds,  and  on  hearing 
he  must  lose  one  leg,  he  only  suggested  the  use  of 
chloroform.  Before  I  had  completed  these 
latter  operations  the  cannonade  had  ceased  and 
I  felt  able  to  breathe  with  more  freedom.  .  .  . 
After  a  short  interval,  during  which  those  operated 
on  had  in  a  great  measure  rallied  from  the  imme- 
diate shock,  a  peremptory  order  from  the  shore 
warned  us  to  leave  the  ship  :  this  command  was 
accompanied  by  a  hint  to  make  haste  or  the 
firing  would  recommence,  a  very  unnecessary 
admonition  as  the  ship  was  already  on  fire  in  two 
places  and  the  instant  removal  of  everybody 
was  but  too  evident. 

The  last  boat  that  left  the  ship  conveyed  our 
wounded  Captain,  who  expressed  a  wish  that  all 
the  others  should  be  landed  before  him. 

On  reaching  the  beach,  a  scene  of  indescribable 
confusion  presented  itself  ;  besides  the  soldiers, 
there  was  a  vast  multitude  who  had  assembled 
from  the  town  of  Odessa  to  witness  the  action, 
and  among  these  were  a  number  of  ruffianly  Greek 
sailors  who  seized  upon  the  boats  as  the  crew 
landed  from  them  and  went  off  to  the  burning 
ship  for  the  sake  of  plunder.  This,  however, 
was  more  fortunate  for  us  than  otherwise,  for 
many  articles  of  plunder  that  these  rascals  had 


obtained  from  the  wreck  were  afterwards  re- 
stored to  us  by  the  police  authorities,  who  marched 
them  all  off  to  14  days'  Quarantine  as  they  re- 
landed,  and  made  them  disgorge  their  ill-gotten, 
booty. 

The  fog  now  cleared  off  sufficiently  to  expose 
to  view  the  two  steamers  that  had  sailed  in  our 
company  on  the  previous  day  ;  but  their  appear- 
ance at  this  moment  was  the  cause  of  still  further 
misfortune  to  us. 

They  opened  a  heavy  fire  upon  the  shore  as 
soon  as  they  got  within  range,  and  both  friends  and 
foes  were  for  a  time  exposed  to  equal  danger. 
Finding  an  Officer  to  whom  I  could  make  known 
my  wishes,  through  the  medium  of  the  French 
language,  that  the  wounded  might  be  permitted 
to  proceed  with  the  rest  of  the  crew,  I  was  told  that 
every  attention  would  be  shewn  them  and 
carriages  provided  to  convey  them  at  once  to 
the  Hospital.  I  was  obliged  to  leave  them  to  their 
fate  and  rejoined  the  Captain,  who  was  borne 
upon  the  shoulders  of  his  own  boat's  crew  who 
had  brought  him  ashore,  and  by  whom  he  was 
carried  up  to  the  town  ;  the  other  wounded  were 
left  for  some  time  xipon  the  beach  as  the  men  who 
brought  them  on  shore  were  driven  away  up  the 
cliff  immediately  on  landing.  After  some  delay 
in  unpleasant  proximity  to  the  bursting  of  occa- 
sional shells  from  the  Vesuvius  we  were  marched 
off  under  escort  towards  the  town,  having  first  to 
make  a  long  detour  inland  to  avoid  the  bom- 
bardment from  the  two  ships  in  the  offing. 

The  distance  to  Odessa  being  about  five  miles, 
it  was  nearly  5  o'clock  before  the  journey  was 
accomplished,  though  a  waggon  was  procured 
on  which  the  Captain  was  conveyed  a  part  of 
the  way,  but  the  jolting  being  too  painful  to  bear, 
he  was  again  taken  on  the  men's  shoulders  and 
in  this  manner  conveyed  into  the  town,  where 
commodious  quarters  were  allotted  in  the  Quaran- 
tine establishment.  Here  he  was  visited  by 
General  Osten-Sacken,  who  assured  him  that 
nothing  should  be  wanting  to  render  his  position 
as  comfortable  as  possible,  and  that  further,  that 
whatever  might  be  wanted  in  the  way  of  medi- 
cines or  necessaries,  that  a  requisition  from  me 
would  be  immediately  attended  to,  and  this 
attention  was  carried  out  to  the  very  smallest 
article,  so  that  in  the  course  of  the  evening  wax 
candles  were  substituted  for  others  of  a  more 
humble  quality.  By  the  time  I  had  got  the 
Captain  to  bed  .  .  .  the  rest  of  the  wounded 
arrived,  and  from  Tanner,  who  was  the  least 
injured,  I  learnt  that  they  had  remained  upon 
the  beach  a  long  time  without  any  assistance 
or  a  drop  of  water  to  assuage  their  parching 
thirst,  aggravated  as  it  was  by  a  hot  sun  to 
which  they  had  been  exposed  from  the  time  of 
their  landing. 

Mr.  Giffard  and  Trainer  had  both  died  from 
exhaustion,  and  the  sufferings  of  poor  Hood 
had  been  intense,  but  though  his  wounds  were 
of  a  mortal  nature  he  survived  till  the  following 
day.  There  was  nothing  in  the  character  or 
gravity  of  Captain  Giffard's  wounds  to  lead  me 
to  anticipate  any  other  but  a  favourable  result, 
had  his  health  at  the  time  not  been  impaired  by 
an  attack  of  Ague  as  recent  as  two  days  previous 
to  their  infliction  ;  to  this  was  added  an  extreme 
depression  of  spirits  that  no  efforts  of  myself 
or  his  friends  could  arouse,  aided  as  we  were  by 


266 


NOTES   AND   QUERIES.        [i 2  s.x.  APRIL 8,1*22. 


the  assurance  of  a  generous  enemy  that  he  had  j 
nobly  performed  his  part  under  the  most  trying 
circumstances,  having  manfully  exerted  himself 
to  defend  his  ship  in  a  position  whence  nothing 
short  of  a  miracle  could  have  extricated  him. 
His  wounds  progressed  favourably  till  suppura- 
tive  fever  set  in,  attended  with  increased  mental 
a,nd  bodily  debility.  .  .  .  The  General,  who 
had  been  almost  a  daily  visitor  to  hear  my 
report  on  the  state  of  my  patients,  suggested  that 
it  might  be  more  satisfactory  both  to.  myself  as 
well  as  to  the  Captain's  relatives  to  take  further 
advice  as  to  the  treatment  to  be  adopted  or  to 
be  followed  out.  To  this  I  had  no  objection, 
and  four  of  the  chief  Surgeons  and  Physicians 
in  the  place  visited  the  Captain  on  the  occasion 
of  my  dressing  the  stump  in  the  morning. 

Notwithstanding  every  endeavour  to  support 
the  vital  action,  the  debility  increased  and 
hectic  supervened  attended  with  frequent  deli- 
rium, and  at  the  close  of  the  third  week  of  his 
sufferings  he  succumbed  to  the  great  misfortunes 
with  which  he  was  overwhelmed,  and  they  were 
terminated  by  death  on  the  1st  June. 

The  funeral  obsequies  of  our  lamented  captain 
having  been  performed  with  all  honors  due  to 
the  rank  he  held,  and  our  term  of  Quarantine 
having  expired,  the  Officers  were  removed  to  a 
house  in  the  suburbs  of  the  City  not  far  from 
that  occupied  by  the  crew.  About  this  time  our 
destination  was  changed,  and  instead  of  having 
to  perform  a  long  journey  to  the  interior  of 
Russia  we  received  the  joyful  intelligence  that 
we  were  to  await  an  exchange  of  prisoners  which 
had  just  been  acceded  to  by  an  order  from  St. 
Petersburg.  ... 

The  timely  arrival  of  H.M.S.  Fury  with  the 
Russian  prisoners  in  exchange  completely  checked 
these  irregularities  [drunkenness  and  listless  idle- 
ness], which  had  already  commenced  working 
their  own  cure  by  the  gradual  diminution  of  the 
means  of  supply,  and  on  July  10,  myself  and 
other  officers  and  180  men  were  released  from 
captivity.  .  .  . 

HENRY  J.  DOMVILLE,  Surgeon. 

Capt.  Henry  Wells  Giffard,  d.  1  June  1854, 
aged  44. 

John  Giffard,  Midn.  (both  legs  amputated), 
d.  12  May  1854,  aged  19. 

John  Trainer,  Capt.  of  the  maintop  (lost  his 
left  leg),  d.  12  May  1854,  aged  39. 

Thomas  Hood,  Boy  2nd  Class,  d.  May  13,  1854, 
aged  17. 

A  letter  from  Constantinople  (C.O.  199/15, 
July  29,  1854)  says  :— 

Mrs.  Giffard,  the  wife  of  Captain  Giffard, 
who  was  wounded  on  board  the  Tiger,  arrived 
here  last  week,  and  went  up  in  the  Vesuvius  to 
Odessa,  but  arrived  too  late  to  see  her  husband  ; 
he  had  been  dead  some  days,  and  was  buried 
a  short  way  outside  the  town  of  Odessa.  She 
expressed  a  wish  to  visit  her  husband's  tomb, 
which  was  granted. 

A  carriage  was  brought  down  to  the  landing- 
place  for  her,  and  drove  her  to  the  spot  where  her 
husband  was  interred.  She  then  returned  to  the 
Vesuvius,  and  came  back  to  Constantinople. 


In  a  letter  to  Mrs.  Domville,  dated 
Odessa,  May  5  (P.R.O.,  C.O.  206/52,  Aug. 
18,  1854),  Dr.  Domville  states  'that  the 
Tiger  struck  about  five  miles  south  of  Odessa. 
He  says  : — 

Nothing  could  exceed  the  extreme  kindness 
of  our  Captors,  and  we  are  told  to  ask  for  all  we 
want.  We  fare  very  well,  and  the  crew  are  as 
happy  as  circumstances  will  permit.  General 
Osten-Sacken  and  the  other  Russian  Officers  are 
very  attentive,  and  called  on  the  Captain  and 
Officers. 

The  writer  speaks  highly  of  the  kindness 
and  consideration  of  Mme.  Osten-Sacken, 
who 

feeling  much  interested  in  the  fate  of  the  young 
midshipman,  caused  a  lock  of  his  hair  to  be  cut 
off,  and  set  in  a  locket,  which  is  intended  to  be 
sent  to  his  friends  in  England. 

Mr.  Giffard,  Mid.  of  the  Tiger,  was  a  nephew 
of  the  Captain,  and  a  native  of  Cawsand,  where 
his  friends  live.  He  died  directly  when  taken 
on  shore.  The  ball  which  struck  him  was  the 
same  ball  which  struck  Captain  Giffard,  and 
was  fired  at  a  distance  of  3J  miles  ;  a  fact  which, 
true,  shews  that  the  Russians  have  guns  of  a 
very  long  range. 

E.  H.  FAIRBROTHER. 


WILLIAM  CLYBURNE. 

WILLIAM  CLYBURNE  (d.  Aug.  8,  1578)  was 
a  Lancashire  man,  who  accompanied  Thomas 
Stucley  as  one  of  his  captains  in  the  ship 
which  (see  12  S.  ix.  372)  left  Port'  Ercole, 
Feb.  3,  1577-8.  Was  he  related  to  Richard 
Clyburne  of  Clyburne,  Westmorland, 
gentleman,  and  Thomas  Clyburne,  servant 
of  Richard  Lowther,  who  were  rebels  in 
1569  ?  (See  Cal.  S.P.  Dom.  Add.,  1566-79, 
p.  543).  The  ship  touched  first  at  Palamos 
in  Catalonia,  which  place  she  left  on  the 
17th  for  an  unnamed  port  near  Tarragona, 
where  she  remained  from  Feb.  26  to  March  5. 
She  arrived  at  Alicante  on  March  11.  At 
one  of  these  ports  Clyburne  appears  to 
have  left  the  ship  and  gone  direct  to  Madrid. 

On  Feb.  23  the  Cardinal  Secretary  of 
State  (Gallic)  wrote  to  the  Nuncio  at 
Madrid  (Sega)  : 

With  Stucley  there  also  started  Mr.  William 
Clyburne,  who  likewise  is  an  Englishman  and  a 
brave  soldier,  and,  in  so  much  as  he  is  in  receipt 
of  a  pension  from  His  Majesty  of  twenty-five, 
ducats  a  month  in  the  State  of  Milan,  His  Blessed- 
ness wishes  Your  Lordship  to  use  your  good  offices 
with  His  Majesty  for  an  order  to  the  Government 
of  Milan  to  pay  the  said  pension  in  the  absence  of 
the  said  Clyburne  to  Mrs.  Angelica  Clyburne  his 
wife,  now  residing  at  Asti  with  two  little  sons. 
About  this  His  Blessedness  feels  sure  that  His 
Majesty  will  raise  no  difficulty,  since  the  said 
Clyburne  has  gone  by  the  order  of  His  Blessedness 


12  s.x.  APRIL  s,  1922.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


267 


no  less  for  the  service  of  His  Majesty  than  for 
the  rest  of  Christendom. 

To  this  Sega  replied,  on  March  25,  that 
he  had  already  procured  the  order  requested 
and  had  sent  it  to  Mrs.  Angelica  Clyburne 
by  means  of  the  Nuncio  of  Savoy,  and  had 
also  caused  William  Clyburne  himself  to  be 
given  a  hundred  ducats  "  so  that  he  may  go 
on  his  journey  the  more  cheerfully." 

Stucley's  ship  arrived  at  Cadiz  on 
April  5,  and  not  being  allowed  to  refit  there 
left  on  the  7th.  On  the  8th,  meeting  with 
bad  weather,  she  had  put  back  into  Puerto 
de  Santa  Maria,  whence  she  set  sail  again 
on  the  12th.  On  the  10th  Clyburne  was  at 
Lisbon,  and  hearing  that  Stucley  was  at 
Cadiz  started  to  rejoin  him  there,  but 
failing  to  find  him  returned  to  Lisbon.  By 
May  7  Clyburne  had  organized  a  company 
for  Stucley,  to  consist  nominally  of  100  foot- 
soldiers  paid  by  the  King  of  Portugal, 
which  consisted  for  the  most  part  of  Spanish 
adventurers  picked  up  by  Stucley  at  the 
various  Spanish  ports  he  had  visited.  As 
they  were  paid  by  the  King  of  Portugal 
they  were  obviously  destined  for  his  African 
campaign.  When  Stucley  set  out  for 
Africa  on  June  24,  Clyburne  started  with 
him,  but  when  they  had  rounded  Cape 
St.  Vincent  and  put  in  to  Lagos,  Stucley 
ordered  his  secretary,  Filiberto  Cotta,  and 
Clyburne  to  proceed  to  Rome,  bearing 
letters  to  the  Pope  and  the  Cardinal  of 
Como  to  answer  the  charges  which  had  been 
brought  against  him. 

On  July  24  Sega,  writing  to  Gallio  from 
Madrid,  says  : — 

Captain  Clyburne  has  come  here  again  in  the 
hope  of  exculpating  Stucley  with  the  King  and 
myself,  but,  being  denied  an  audience,  has  begun 
to  change  his  tone  to  save  himself.  So  far  as  I 
myself  am  concerned,  I  regard  them  as  all  tarred 
with  the  same  brush  (io  gli  ho  tuiti  per  macchiati 
d'  una  pece).  I  am  almost  out  of  my  wits  (ho 
quasi  che  perso  la  scrimma)  with  these  people. 

On  August  5,  Dr.  Nicolas  Sander  told 
Sega  that  Clyburne  was  then  lying  danger- 
ously ill  and  had  called  him  (Sander)  in  for 
the  unburdening  of  his  conscience,  and  on 
the  8th  Sega  forwarded  to  Gallio  a  document 
given  him  by  Sander  and  signed  by  Clyburne. 
This  seems  to  be  the  paper  written  by 
Sander,  and  printed  by  Alphons  Bellesheim, 
"  Geschichte  der  Katholischen  Kirche  in 
Irlancl"  (Mainz,  1890-1),  vol.  ii.,  p.  703, 
which  is  to  the  following  effect  : — 

Captain  William  Clyburne,  fearing  lest  he  be 
about  to  die,  has  commanded  me  to  write  in  his 
name  to  your  Most  Illustrious  Worship,  and  to 
tell  you  what  he  would  have  told  His  Holiness, 


if  he  could  have  arrived  at  Rome  safe  and  sound, 
namely,  that  Stucley  is  unworthy  of  being  placed 
at  the  head  of  this,  or  any  other,  business,  es- 
pecially as,  when  he  saw  that  Mr.  James  Geraldine 
[i.e.,  James  Fitzmaurice  Fitzgerald J  was  made 
equal  with  himself  in  the  division  of  the  twenty 
thousand  ducats  [which  were  set  aside  at  Lisbon 
for  the  payment  of  the  Irish  expedition]  he  said 
he  would  make  Geraldine  repent  of  that  matter 
and  hour,  and  that  he  would  sell  the  Pope's  arms, 
and  betake  himself  with  the  Pope's  soldiers 
wherever  they  could  get  booty,  and  finally  that 
he  would  make  the  Pope's  throne  quake,  or  the 
Pope  quake  on  his  throne. 

This  testimony  of  William  Clyburne  is 
to  a  very  large  extent  borne  out  by  that  of 
the  English  merchant  William  Pillen,  who 
in  the  same  year  deposed  (Cal.  S.P.  Dom. 
Add.,  1566-79,  p.  543)  that  at  Lisbon  he 
supped  with  Stucley  and  a  Knight  of  Spain, 
whom  he  termed  Don  John,  and  also  with 
one  Cleburne,  a  Lancashire  man,  who,  as  he 
affirmed,  had  six  ducats  a  month,  and  that 
Stucley  affirmed  that  the  King  of  Spain 
proffered  him  great  titles  of  honour,  and  he 
refused  them,  but  that  the  title  which  the 
Pope  gave  him  of  Marquis  of  Leinster  and 
Baron  or  Earl  of  Washford  he  could  not 
refuse,  and  although  they  said  in  England 
he  was  going  to  Ireland,  he  was  not  appointed 
for  it,  that  he  knew  Ireland  as  well  as  the 
best,  but  there  was  nothing  to  be  got  there 
but  hunger  and  lice  : — 

They  say  (said  he)  that  I  am  a  traitor  to  Her 
Majesty  ;  'tis  they  are  traitors  that  say  so.  I 
will  ever  accept  her  as  my  Queen.  It  is  true 
there  is  in  England  my  cruel  enemy,  Cecil  the 
Treasurer,  whom  I  care  not  for.  I  have  had 
1,000  ducats  of  the  Pope,  and  I  have  1,000  a 
month,  and  am  to  serve  the  King  of  Portugal  in 
Africa  against  the  Moors. 

Clyburne  died  Aug.  8,  1578. 
On  Aug.  18,  Sega  wrote  to  Gallio  : — 
Captain  Clyburne  is  dead.     God  rest  his  soul. 
The  few  effects  found  to  be  belonging  to  him  the 
Captain    Commissary  has    been    allowed    at    my 
instance  to  pocket,  as  a  small  instalment  of  the 
large  debt  that  Clyburne  owes  him. 

This  large  debt  may  account  for  the  way 
that  the  Captain  Commissasy,  Bastian  di 
San  Joseppi,  wrote  of  him  to  the  Cardinal 
on  Aug.  19  : — 

Captain  William  Climborne,  who  had  the 
hundred  scudi  in  Home,  has  died  here.  At  the 
hour  of  death,  on  the  8th  of  this  month,  he  was 
asked  whether  he  were  a  Catholic  or  not,  and 
refused  to  receive  the  Most  Holy  Sacrament,  after 
Extreme  Unction,  and  when  they  gave  him  the 
Crucifix  to  kiss,  he  tried  to  break  it  with  his 
teeth. 

The  above  account  has  been  compiled 
from  the  '  Transcripts  from  the  Vatican 
Archives '  in  the  Public  Record  Office,. 


268 


NOTES   AND  QUERIES.        [12 S.X.APRIL 8,i9». 


except  where  other  sources  of  'information 
have  been  quoted. 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWKIGHT. 


WESTMINSTER  AND  ST.  MARTIN'S-IN-THE- 
FIELDS. — As  showing  how  very  carefully 
even  the  public  records  must  be  read  and 
studied,  I  quote  a  few  words  from  a  King's 
Memoranda  Roll  (Hillary,  XIX.  Edward 
II.) :  Willielmus  Abbas  Westmonasterii  Sancti 
Petri  in  parochia  Sancti  Martini  in  Campis. 

This  passage  might  fairly  be  taken  to 
mean  that  in  1326,  Westminster  (with  its 
parish  church  of  St.  Margaret)  was  in  the 
parish  of  St.  Martin,  and,  in  fact,  that  St. 
Martin's  was  even  the  mother-church  of  St. 
Margaret's.  The  Rev.  H.  F.  Westlake, 
F.S.A.,  in  his  *  St.  Margaret's,  Westminster,' 
though  the  origin  or  the  early  history  of 
St.  Martin's  has  not  been  traced,  gives 
ample  reasons  which  militate  against  any 
such  conclusion.  Light  on  the  mystery 
of  the  quoted  entry  is  thrown  in  the  Close 
Roll  for  the  very  same  regnal  year  in  a 
passage  concerning  the  same  Abbot — William 
Curtlyngton.  Therein  we  learn  that  divers 
tenths  and  other  grants  of  the  King  should 
be  restored  to  William,  Abbot  of  West- 
minster, inasmuch  as  the  King  has  in  his 
hands,  and  has  had  since  his,  the  Abbot's, 
creation,  all  his  lands  in  the  parish  of  St. 
Marlin-in-the-Fields. 

CHARLES  SWYNNERTON. 

*  DEAR  ALLY  CROAKER  ' :  A  NOTE  ON 
Bos  WELL'S  '  LIFE  OF  JOHNSON.' — In  Dr. 
George  Birkbeck  Hill's  edition  of  Boswell's 
*  Life  of  Johnson,'  that  excellent  scholar 
missed  the  chance  to  insert  a  most  delightful 
note  on  a  song  which  was  evidently  a 
favorite  with  the  playgoers  of  the  eighteenth 
century.  The  reference  occurs  in  vol. 
iii.,  pp.  285-6,  of  Dr.  Hill's  edition  : 

Ramsay. — When    (man)  is  at  rest,  he  is  in  the 
worst  state  that  he  can  be  in  ;    for  he  has  nothing 
to  agitate  him.     He  is  then  like- the  man  in  the 
Irish  song, 
"  There  lived  a  young  man  in  Ballinacrazy 

Who  wanted  a  wife  for  to  make  him  unaisy." 

This  song  is  discussed  in  Chappell's 
'  Popular  Music  of  the  Olden  Time,'  ii. 
713-4.  The  earlier  names  given  to  the  tune, 
which  Chappell  traced  as  far  back  as  1729, 
are,  '  No  more,  fair  virgins,  boast  your 
power,'  and  '  The  Golden  Days  of  Good 
Queen  Bess,'  but  it  seems  to  have  become 
chiefly  famous  when  adapted  by  Foote  to 
his  song,  '  Ally  Croaker,'  sung  to  the  guitar 


by  Miss  Macklin  in  Foote's  comedy,  '  The 
Englishman  in  Paris,'  in  1753.  Chappell 
gives  the  first  verse  thus  : — 

There  lived  a  man  in  Ballymecrazy 
Who  wanted  a  wife  to  make  him  unaisy  ; 
|  Long  had  he  sighed  for  Ally  Croaker, 
I  And  thus  the  gentle  youth  bespoke  her  : 

Arrah,  will  you  marry  me,  dear  Ally  Croaker  ? 
Arrah,  will  you  marry  me,  dear  Ally  Croaker  ? 

It  is  no  wonder  that  Boswell  alluded  so 
familiarly  to  the  song  ;  all  his  world  knew 
it  well,  as  we  can  see  from  the  anecdote 
about  it  which  Boswell  treasured  up  in  his 
"  collection  of  good  things,"  '  Boswelliana.' 
The  story  appears  on  p.  232  of  Dr.  Charles 
Rogers' s  edition  of  this  lively  commonplace 
j  book,  thus  : — 

When  Sir  Adam  Fergusson  was  at  Diisseldorf 

j  he  admired  much  an  organ  in  one  of  the  churches, 

and  wished  greatly  to  hear  an  English  tune  upon  it. 

|  Barnard  (nephew  to  the  great  Sir  John,  and)  a 

1  merchant    at    Dunkirk,    was    there.     He    begged 

1  of  the  organist  to  give  him  liberty  to  play  the 

|  vespers,  which  he  agreed  to.     Barnard  played  the 

j  solemn  music  very  gravely,  but  by  way  of  volun- 

i  tary     he     gave    '  Ally     Croaker.'     He,    however, 

I  adorned  it  with  several  variations,  so  that  the 

organist  said,   "  Monsieur,  en  que  c'est  un  beau 

merceau." 

The  tune  is  well  adapted  to  this  quiet 
joke,  being  an  alternation  of  monotonous 
staccato  notes  and  simple  runs,  with  a 
sudden  lengthening  of  notes  in  the  refrain  ; 
it  will  perhaps  be  best  remembered  as  the 
tune  to  which  George  Colman  wrote  that 
insouciant  tragedy,  '  Unfortunate  Miss 
Bailey.'  M.  BAILEY, 

Fellow  in  the  Department  of 
English,  Yale  University. 

THE  KING'S  PRINTING  HOUSE,  THAMES 
STREET,  1653. — Among  the  '  Parliamentary 
Surveys  '  for  Middlesex  in  the  Augmentation 
Office  series  is  a  document  of  some  interest 
since  it  concerns  the  King's  Printing  House, 
situated  in  Thames  Street.  In  the  old 
official  list,  drawn  up  by  Dr.  Ducarel,  and 
in  the  list  published  in  1787  based  thereon, 
entitled  '  An  Account  of  all  the  Manors, 
&c.,  .  .  .  held  on  lease  from  the  Crown  .  .  . 
also,  a  Calendar  of  the  Surveys  of  the 
Estates  of  King  Charles  the  Frst  .  .  .during 
the  Interregnum,'  this  particular  piece  of 
property  is  entered,  but  without  number 
or  date,  yet  forty-ninth  in  sequence,  as 
"  Thames  Street,  a  Certificate  concerning 
the  King's  Printing  House  there"  (Appen- 
dix No.  III.,  p.  85,  col.  3).  Again,  in  the 
list  of  1847  ('Eighth  Report  of  Deputy 
Keeper  of  the  Public  Records,'  Appendix  II., 
No.  2,  p.  58),  it  is  referred  to  as  "  Thames 


12  s.x!  APRIL s,  i922.i        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


269 


Street,  the  King's  Printing  House  there," 
with  tho  addition  of  a  footnote  stating, 
"A  Certificate  respecting  it,  as  bequeathed 
to  the  Dyers'  Company."  In  the  latest 
list  of  1908  ('Lists and  Indexes,'  No.  XXV.. 
Rentals  and  Surveys,  p.  214),  under  the 
heading  of  '  Thames  Street,'  without  indica- 
tion of  parish,  it  is  styled,  erroneously, 
"  Survey  of  the  King's  Printing  House." 
The  number  89  is  assigned  to  the  document, 
and  its  size  (1  folio)  indicated  in  the  last 
two  lists,  but  the  date  is  omitted.  Upon 
the  back  of  the  leaf,  the  size  of  which  is 
about  15in.  by  12in.,  the  old  seventeenth- 
century  endorsement  reveals  the  over- 
looked date :  "  Certificate  concerning  a 
House  in  Thames  Street  called  the  King's 
Printing  House,  London.  Recd  this  20th 
of  Decemb*,  1653.  Transmitted  to  the 
Srveyor  Grail  the  same  day."  This  is 
marked  "  Dawgs,"  whose  signature  appears 
as  a  commissioner  on  the  other  side.  The 
single  sheet  is  enclosed  within  a  cover  of 
coarse  white  paper,  upon  which  is  pasted 
a  label,  having  the  eighteenth -century 
endorsement  (when  in  the  Augmentation 
Office),  "Midds.  Thames  Street.  A  Certi- 
ficate concerning  the  Printing  House  there," 
accompanied  by  the  number  89.  The 
certificate  is  addressed  "  To  the  Hon^le 
the  Trustees  for  sale  of  the  Honnors 
Mannors  &  Lands,  &c.,"  and  is  signed  by 
three  commissioners,  viz.,  William  Dawgs, 
Ric.  Sadler  and  Tho.  Tanner,  who  also 
sign  P.S.  2,  10,  11,  12,  13  and  21  in  the 
years  1653  and  1654  (Dawgs  and  Tanner 
only  P.S.  5  and  15  in  1651-1652,  and  Dawgs 
alone  P.S.  65  in  1655). 

These  are  to  certefie  [runs  the  statement]  that 
vpon  the  pervsall  of  Evedences  concerning  a 
Messuage  in  Thames  Streete  comonly  called  or 
knowne  by  the  name  of  the  Kinges  Printing  howse 
given  vs  in  charge  to  Survey  wee  find  that  Robert 
Lund  ffreeman  of  the  Cittie  of  London  did  by 
his  last  will  and  Testamt  bearing  date  the  xxth 
day  of  November  1616  give  and  bequeath  the 
said  Messuage  to  the  Warden  and  Comltie  of 
the  Mistery  of  Dyers  for  ever  for  wch  they  are 
to  pay  the  yearelie  Rent  of  iiijli  yjs  viijd  by 
equall  porcons  wch  said  Rent  was  given  to  the 
Crowne  by  Act  of  Parliamt.* 

SIDNEY  J.   MADGE. 

69,  Oakfteld  Road,  Stroud  Green,  N.4. 

*  It  m^r  be  mentioned  that  the  "  King's 
Slaughter  House,  St.  Margaret's,  Westminster, 
was  surveyed  in  January,  1649-50,  almost  im- 
mediately after  the  Act  of  July  16,  1649,  was 
passed ;  it  is  a  survey  of  3  folios,  concerning 

a  certain  House  or  Brick  Building,  heretofore 
called  the  King's  Slaughter  House,  in  the  Mill- 
bank,  with  some  other  tenements  near  adjoining, 
with  their  appurtenances,  scituate  there." 


EXHIBITIONS  OF  AUTOMATA  IN  LONDON. — 
Apparently  there  were  several  exhibitions 
of  life-size  automata  similar  to  the  chess- 
player already  referred  to  in  these  pages, 
and  in  some  instances  there  is  doubt  as  to 
whether  the  source  and  control  of  the  figure 
was  rather  human  than  mechanical. 

The  following  are  transcribed  from  hand- 
bills, and  some  descriptions  of  the  automata 
shown  by  Merlin  and  other  exhibitors  will 
be  esteemed. 

"  The  Androides,  38,  Norfolk  Street, 
Strand,"  was  a  place  of  exhibition  of  these 
automaton  figures,  alternatively  known  as 
"  The  Mechanic  Theatre."  It  was  "  lighted 
with  wax  "  and  had  a  gallery  (admission 
Is. ),  for  which  there  were  provided  "  The 
Running  Attendants  (much  improved),  Two 
Figures  which  wait  on  the  Company  in  the 
Gallery  with  any  thing  required  from  the 
Exhibitions" 

The  exhibition  at  this  date  (1797)  con- 
sisted of 

The  Volunteer,  Being  an  Automaton  Figure 
dressed  in  a  Military  Uniform,  which  appears  at 
the  Gate  of  an  Antique  Building,  called  The  Temple 
of  Mars,  and  goes  through  the  Manual  and  Platoon 
Exercise,  by  beat  of  Drum  (which  is  performed  by 
an  Automaton  Drummer  stationed  for  the  purpose). 
It  will  then  come  out  in  any  of  the  Positions  re- 
quired, and  concludes  by  firing  off  its  musquet. 

There  were  also  shown  : — 

The  Writing  and  Drawing  Automaton,  which 
can  be  set  to  write  any  Word,  or  draw  a  clear 
outline  of  any  of  the  following  Beasts  : — a  Lion, 
an  Elephant,  a  Bear,  a  Tiger,  a  Horse,  a  Camel,  or 
a  Stag.  The  Fruitery  at  the  Gate  of  which  the 
Porter  stands,  and  when  desired,  rings  the  Bell ; 
The  Fruitress  comes  out  to  attend  the  Company 
with  any  of  12  different  kinds  of  Fruit;  it  will 
likewise  take  in  Flowers,  or  any  small  articles  and 
produce  them  again  as  called  for. 

The  Liquor  Merchant  and  Water  Server.  The 
Liquor  Merchant  stands  at  a  cask,  from  which 
it  will  draw,  at  the  choice  of  the  Company,  any 
of  the  following  Liquors,  Rum,  Brandy,  Gin, 
Whisky,  Port,  Mountain,  Shrub,  Raisin  Wine, 
Peppermint,  Aniseed,  Caraway,  and  Usquebah. 

The  Highland  Oracle.  A  Figure  in  the  High- 
land Dress,  which  gives  a  rational  Answer,  by 
Motion,  to  any  question  proposed,  calculates 
Sums  in  Arithmetic,  etc.,  etc. 

Obviously    the    last    described   was    not 
solely   mechanical.      With   these    automata 
there  was  shown  The  Telegraph,  "  a  Descrip- 
tion and  Dictionary  of  which  is  given  in  the 
Bills  presented  at  the  Theatre."     This  bill 
is  much  larger  than  the  handbill  just  quoted, 
measuring    nearly  18in.   by  Sin.  as  against 
I  8£in.  by  5£in.     It  recapitulates  the  foregoing, 
I  only    slightly  adding  to  the  detail.     •"  The 


270 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [12 s.x.  APRIL 8,1022. 


New  Orthographer  "  represented  a  "  Female 
Child,"  3ft,  high,  while  "  The  Writing 
Automaton "  was  "  about  the  size  of  a 
Boy  of  Five  Years  old."  The  music  at 
the  exhibition  was  provided  by  "  The 
Machine  Organ,"  which  played  during  the 
interludes,  but  there  was  also  shown  "  Had- 
dock's newly-invented  Table-Organ."  This 
is  described  as 

a  Multuni  in  Parvo,  as  it  answers  Every  Intent 
of  a  Breakfast,  a  Card  or  a  Tea  Table,  and  still 
can  be  used  as  an  Organ. 

The  inventor  was  in  attendance  to  ex- 
plain, effect  sales,  and  undertake  repairs,  &c. 
The  complete  exhibition  lasted  two  hours, 
but  there  were  only  afternoon  and  evening 
performances.  Between  this  and  the  almost 
contemporary  "  Maillardet's  Magnificent 
Automatical  Exhibition "  at  the  Great 
Rooms,  Spring  Gardens,  there  was  probably 
some  association,  as  the  same  writing 
and  drawing  automata  are  shown,  but  in 
addition  to  these  and  some  smaller  exhibits 
there  was  exhibited 

an  Elegant  Figure  of  a  Young  Lady  seated  at  an 
Organ,  formed  on  a  new  construction,  which  in 
shape  resembles  a  Piano-Forte,  it  plays,  with  the 
most  accurate  precision,  Sixteen  Airs,  every  note 
proceeding  from  the  pressure  of  the  Fingers,  on 
the  appropriated  (sic)  Keys  ;  the  feet  not  only 
beat  time  and  regulate  the  Piano  and  Forte  move- 
ments, but  insist  in  playing  several  Notes  in  a  new 
and  improved  manner  ;  the  Gracefulness  of  its 
gesture,  and  lively  motion  of  its  Eyes,  are 
heightened  by  the  actual  appearance  of  respira- 
tion. 

This  was  possibly  a  development  of  the 
telegraph  figure,  but  further  comment  would 
spoil  the  illusion.  ALECK  ABRAHAMS. 

SIGNATURES  OF  BRITISH  OFFICERS  WHO 
SERVED  IN  THE  NETHERLANDS  DURING  THE 
SIXTEENTH  AND  SEVENTEENTH  CENTURIES. — - 
It  may  perhaps  be  unknown  to  some  of  your 
readers,  to  whom  it  might  be  of  use,  that 
there  exists  at  the  State  archives  at  The 
Hague  a  remarkable  register  containing  the 
signatures  of  a  thousand  and  more  foreign, 
mostly  British,  officers  who  swore  'allegiance 
to  the  Government  of  the  United  Pro- 
vinces of  the  Netherlands  during  the  cen- 
turies mentioned  above,  and  even  later. 
Some  of  these  men  became  famous  and 
many  signatures  are  characteristic  and 
beautiful. 

It  might  be  worth  while  to  publish  the  list. 
I  am  prepared  to  give  more  detailed  in- 
formation to  anybody  seriously  interested 
in  the  matter.  W.  DEL  COURT. 

47,  Blenheim  Crescent,  London,  W.ll. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries 
in  order  that  answers  may  be  sent  to  them  direct. 


DID  LORD  BYRON  MAKE  A  TOUR  IN 
CORSICA  IN  1821  ? — We  possess  a  duodecimo 
pamphlet  entitled  '  Voyage  de  Lord  Byron 
en  Corse  et  en  Sardaigne  pendant  1'ete  et 
Fautomne  de  1821  a  bord  du  yacht  "  le 
Mazeppa,"  commande  par  le  Capitaine 
Benson  de  la  Marine  Royale';  Paris,  1825 
(ix.-143  pp.)-  This  is  a  translation  or 
imitation  of  '  Narrative  of  Lord  Byron's 
Voyage  to  Corsica  and  Sardinia  during 
the  Year  1821,'  by  Robert  Benson  ;  London, 
1824.  We  have  not  been  able  to  consult 
the  English  original,  which  has  disappeared 
from  the  Bibliotheque  Nationale  at  Paris. 

The  author  relates  the  adventures  of 
Lord  Byron  in  Corsica — where  he  is  accom- 
panied by  the  Countess  Guiccioli — with 
abundant  details.  He  concludes  his  pre- 
face, in  which  he  explains  that  he  desires 
to  show  "  what  Byron  was  in  his  private 
life,"  with,  these  words  : — 

Aucun  des  ecrits  publics  jusqu'ici  sur  la  vie 
de  Lord  Byron  n'offre  une  peinture  plus  exacte 
de  son  veritable  caractere  que  les  pages  suivantes, 
qui  ont  ete,  en  quelque  sorte,  tracees  par  Byron 
]ui-m§me  et  corrige"es  par  ses  amis  les  plus 
intimes. 

But  how  does  it  happen  that  none  of 
Byron's  biographers,  not  even  Moore,  says 
a  word  of  this  voyage,  which,  according  to 
Benson's  narrative,  must  have  occupied  a 
certain  place  in  the  poet's  existence. 
Students  of  Byron  are  numerous  enough  in 
England  to  permit  the  hope  that  someone 
will  take  up  a  question,  which  has  already 
been  discussed  without  result  in  the  Revue 
de  la  Corse.  Could  anyone  give  us  any 
definite  information  on  the  subject  ? 

A.  CLAVEL. 

Revue  de  la  Corse,  Paris. 

*  THE  FLY-FISHER'S  ENTOMOLOGY,'  BY 
ALFRED  RONALDS. — Who  was  the  editor  of 
the  fifth  edition  of  this  angling  classic  ?  The 
preface  is  signed  "  Piscator,  Thames  Side, 
Feb.  1856."  At  one  time  "Piscaljpr"  was 
thought  to  have  been  H.  R.  Francis.  It 
Would  now  appear  from  Mr.  H.  T.  Shering- 
ham's  new  eclition  that  the  Rev.  Barnard 
Smith,  author  of  the  well-known  '  Arithmetic 
for  Schools,'  was  "  Piscator."  Is  it  possible 
to  obtain  any  further  evidence  as  to 
"  Piscator's  "  identity  ?  G.  F.  R.  B. 


12-s.x.  APRIL s,  1022.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


271 


DELAPLACE. — George  Delaplace  was  ad- 
mitted to  Westminster  School  in  May,  1739, 
aged  12,  and  William  Delaplace,  described 
as  a  son  of  Dennis  Delaplace  of  London,  was 
admitted  on  the  foundation  at  Westminster 
in  1742,  aged  14.  I  should  be  glad  of  any 
information  of  these  two  Delaplaces. 

G.  F.  R.  B. 

"  OLD  RICHARD."  —  Who  was  "  Old 
Richard"  who  is  stated  to  have  originated 
the  saying,  "  If  you  wish  that  your  affairs 
should  be  prosperous,  superintend  them  in 
person  "  ? 

When  Paul  Jones,  disgusted  with  delays 
in  France,  said  that  if  he  did  not  obtain 
a  command  soon  he  would  return  to 
America,  he  is  said  to  have  remembered 
the  saying  quoted  above. 

This  induced  him  to  promise,  that  if  the  Minister 
should  at  length  comply  with  his  request,  he 
should  call  his  own  ship  "  Old  Richard."  When 
he  obtained  the  ship  Le  Duras,  he  called  her 
the  "  Bon  Homme  Richard." 
This  was  the  vessel  with  which  he  fought 
the  Serapis  and  Countess  of  Scarborough, 
and  which  was  so  much  damaged  that  it 
went  to  the  bottom  of  the  sea  after  his 
victory  was  complete.  It  reads  as  if  "  Old 
Richard "  was  a  Frenchman ;  I  shall  be 
glad  to  know  something  about  him. 

HERBERT  SOUTHAM. 

["  Le  bonhomme  Richard  "  is  the  French  for 
the  "  Poor  Richard  "  of  Franklin's  Almanack. 
'  Poor  Richard's  Almanack  '  is  in  vol.  i.  of  '  The 
English  Garner.'  At  p.  325  is  the  sentence, 
"But  with  our  Industry  we  must  likewise  be 
Steady,  Settled  and  Careful ;  and  oversee  our  own 
affairs  with  our  own  eyes  and  not  trust  too  much 
to  others."] 

CLERK  OF  THE  PEACE,  MIDDLESEX, 
1693. — By  the  well-known  case  of  Harcourt 
v.  Fox  (Shower,  i.,  p.  528)  one  Simon  Har- 
court was  in  1693  held  entitled  to  hold  the 
office  of  Clerk  of  the  Peace  for  Middlesex 
quamdiu  se  bene  gesserit,  notwithstanding 
that  the  Custos  Rotulorum  who  appointed 
him  had  been  removed.  Was  this  the 
Simon  Harcourt  who  in  1703  became 
Solicitor-General  and  in  1710  Lord  Keeper  ? 
If  so,  when  did  he  vacate  the  office  of  Clerk 
of  the  Peace  for  Middlesex  ?  A.  E .  P . 

OSCAR  WILDE. — -A  fragment  of  manuscript 
in  my  possession  reads  as  follows  : — • 

You  will  be  glad  to  hear  my  catalogue  is  a 
great  success  :  they  have  recognised  my  hand  of 
course  :  I  couldn't  help  it — everybody  talks  of 
it  :  it  is  a  masterpiece,  though  I  say  it  myself. 

I  shall  be  grateful  if  anyone  can  help  me 
to  trace  this  publication. 

STUART  MASON. 


FLEET  MARRIAGES  :  REGISTERS.  —  Are 
there  any  registers  in  existence  of  marriages 
at  the  Fleet  in  1744  or  earlier,  and  were 
there  any  other  places  in  London  at  that 
time  where  similar  irregular  marriages 
were  performed  ?  Failing  the  existence 
of  Fleet  registers,  are  there  any  books 
treating  of  marriages  of  this  kind  to  which 
I  could  refer  ?  RODMELL. 

[MB.  EVEBABD  HOME  COLEMAN  replied  to  a 
similar  question  at  10  S.  i.  75.  These  registers 
were  transferred  from  the  Registry  of  the  Bishop 
of  London  to  the  custody  of  the  Registrar- 
General  of  Births,  Marriages  and  Deaths  under 
3  and  4  Viet.,  cap.  92,  sec.  20.  '  The  Fleet 
Registers  '  (1837)  and  '  The  History  of  the  Parish 
Registers  in  England  '  ( 1842),  both  by  J.  S.  Burn, 
give  information  on  the  subject,  as  does  also 
'  Parish  Registers  in  England  '  (1883),  by  R.  E.  C. 
Waters.] 

EARLY  SUFFOLK  MSS.— In  Glyde's  '  New 
Suffolk  Garland '  are  several  poems,  or 
rather  songs,  taken  from  the  song-book  of 
an  Ipswich  minstrel  of  the  fifteenth  century. 
This  book  was  found  amongst  the  Ipswich 
records,  and  passed  into  the  collection  of 
"  Mr.  Fitch."  A  paper  on  it  was  read 
by  Thomas  Wright,  F.S.A.,  at  the  Ipswich 
Congress  of  the  British  Archaeological  Asso- 
ciation, held  in  1864.  Glyde  concludes  his- 
note,  "  and  it  was  now  [he  is  reporting  the 
paper  mentioned  above]  in  a  private  collec- 
tion in  the  north  of  England." 

Can  any  correspondent  give  information 
as  to  its  present  whereabouts  ? 

WILFRED  J.  CHAMBERS. 

45,  Marine  Parade,  Lowestoft. 

DOROTHY  POCOCK  OF  BRADLEY  COURT 
IN  CHIEVELEY,  BERKS,  SPINSTER. — -I  am 
anxious  to  obtain  the  Christian  name  of 
the  above  Dorothy  Pocock's  father.  Her 
will,  which  is  dated  Feb.  W,  1734  (P.C.C., 
35  Ducie),  mentions,  among  others,  her 
cousin,  William  Buckeridge  of  Little  Hunger- 
ford,  in  the  parish  of  Hampstead  Norris,  in 
the  county  of  Berks,  Yeoman  (and  a 
Quaker)  ;  cousin  Edward  Pocock,  late  of 
Oare,  deceased,  his  son  Roger  and 
daughters  Elizabeth,  Mary  and  Hannah  ; 
cousin  Richard  Pocock  of  North  Heath, 
"  son  of  my  cousin  Richard  Pocock  of  North 
Heath  (Chieveley)  "  ;  the  messuages  are 
to  go  '  to  Christopher  Capel  and  Richard 
Head  for  ever  to  be  divided  between  them  ; 
John,  son  of  John  Pocock,  of  Langley 
Farm  ;  brother  Richard — -proved  Feb.  20,. 
1734,  by  James  Strode  and  Henry  Wilder. 

I  believe  her  mother  to  have  been  Dorothy, 
daughter  of  Thomas  Buckeridge  of  Basildon, 


272 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         ri2.s.x.  APRIL 8,1022. 


Berks,  who  was  baptized  there  Oct.  27, 
1622,  and  married  before  Dec.  25,  1652.  I 
have  a  number  of  abstracts  of  Pocock 
wills  (dealing  with  Berks),  which  I  shall  be 
pleased  to  exchange  for  the  above  informa- 
tion. A.  STEPHENS  DYER. 
207,  Kingston  Road,  Teddington. 

GIRALDUS  CAMBRENSIS.  -  -  I  should  be 
grateful  if  someone  would  tell  me  the  mean- 
ing of  Quasi  Olivero  currente,  a  proverbial 
expression  (according  to  Brewer)  in  Giraldus, 
ii.  293,  and  iii.  88  ;  also  the  meaning  of 
Incedere  cornutus  and  Tant  giwe  li  purcel 
come  volt  li  chael,  i.  218.  If  any  reader 
versed  in  medieval  Latin  would  be  willing 
to  help  me  over  other  difficulties  I  should 
be  very  grateful.  E.  N.  DEW. 

Monmouth. 

HERALDIC  AND  GENEALOGICAL  SOCIETIES 
IN  AMERICA.- — I  should  be  glad  of  informa- 
tion as  to  any  such  societies,  and  as  to  any 
journals  published  by  them.  I  can  find 
only  those  named  in  Clegg's  '  Directory,' 
!894.  E.  E.  COPE. 

Finchampstead,  Berks. 

LEDBURY,  HEREFORD.- — Will  someone 
kindly  send  me  the  names  of  manorial 


owners  prior  to  1480  ? 
Finchampstead,  Berks. 


E.  E.  COPE. 


LACKLAND  FAMILY. — -I    should  be   grate- 

j  ful    for    any    genealogical    information    or 

I  reference  to  a  family  or  persons  bearing  the 

surname  Lackland  prior  to  the  eighteenth 

century. 

The  few  persons  known  to  bear  this  name 
I  to-day  are  believed  to  be  descendants  of 
I  one  and  the  same  stock  living  in  the  neigh- 
•  bourhood  of  Newcastle-on-Tyne  during  the 
I  eighteenth  century. 

Will  correspondents  kindly  reply  direct 
|  to  the  under-mentioned  address  ? 

FREDERIC  CROOKS. 
Eccleston  Park,  Prescot,  Lanes. 

"  DUTCH  HAND -COLOURED  PRINTS." — I 
have  in  my  possession  two  small  pictures  (6in. 
by  5in.),  which  are  an  heirloom  in  our  family 
and  which  I  have  been  brought  up  to  regard 
as  something  precious.  They  have  always 
been  styled  "  Dutch  Hand-coloured  Prints," 
!  and  seem  to  belong  to  the  beginning  of  the 
nineteenth  century.  I  have  endeavoured  to 
find  out  something  about  them  from  books, 
but  have  never  seen  any  mention  of  such 
things.  Can  any  reader  tell  me  anything 
about  them  ?  G.  H.  COBB. 

6,  Bear  La.ne,   Oxford. 

OLD  CHRISTMAS  CAROL. — -Can  anyone  tell 
me  anything  about  the  following  song  ? 
It  has  been  sung  at  Christmas  time  for 
many  years  by  the  villagers  of  a  parish  in 
North  Wiltshire. 


PEDWARDINE  FAMILY. — Wanted,  pedigree   Leader 


before  1500,  previous  to  the  marriage  with 
the  Darcy  heiress,  and  notes  of  any  other 
branches  of  the  Pedwardine  family. 

E.  E.  COPE. 
Finchampstead,  Berks. 

NORTH  OF  WALKERINGHAM.  — •  Can  any 
reader  give  information  concerning  the 
family  of  North  of  Walker ingham,  Notting- 
hamshire. They  are  mentioned  in 
Thorston's  '  History  of  Nottinghamshire.' 
Possibly  some  other  county  history  or  local 
records  would  give  a  more  detailed  account. 
Henry  North  must  have  died  about  1700, 
and  his  son  John  about  1735.  The  latter 
had  a  daughter,  Laetitia,  who  married  John 
Dowling  of  Holborn,  and  her  granddaughter, 
Agaeta  Johnson,  married  the  Hon.  Charles 
Yorke,  son  of  Lord  Chancellor  Hardwicke. 
Another  daughter,  Mary  North,  married 
Joseph  Powell,  and  her  granddaughter  Sarah 
married  Isaac  Ruxton. 

(MRS.)  A.  N.  GAMBLE. 

Gorse  Cottage,  Hook  Heath,  Woking. 


Chorus 

Leader  , 
Chorus 


Leader., 
Chorus 


Leader : 


Leader  , 
Chorus 


Leader  . 
Chorus 


Leader , 
Chorus 


One,  one,  what  be  one  ? 

One  be  a  good  and  a  righteous  man. 

Save  poor  souls  and  the  rest  amen  ! 

Two,  two,  what  be  two  ? 

Two  be  a  sacred  Unity, 

Two  be  a  Unity. 

One  be  a  good  and  a  righteous  man. 

Save  poor  souls  and  the  rest  amen  ! 

Three,  three,  what  be  three  ? 

Three  be  the  Holy  Trinity, 

Three  be  the  Trinity. 

Two  be  a  Unity,  &c. 

Four,  four,  what  be  four  ? 

Four  be  the  bright  Star  of  Heaven, 

Four  be  the  Star  of  Heaven. 

Three  be  the  Trinity,  &c. 

Five,  five,  what  be  five  ? 

Five  be  a  good  man  alive, 

Five  be  a  man  alive. 

Four  be  the  Star  of  Heaven,  &c. 

Six,  six,  what  be  six  ? 

Six  be  the  blessed  Crucifix, 

Six  be  the  Crucifix. 

Five  be  a  man  alive,  &c. 

Seven,  seven,  what  be  seven  ? 

Seven  be  the  Queen  of  Heaven, 

Seven  be  the  Queen  of  Heaven. 

Six  be  the  Crucifix,  &c. 

RAY  EDRIDGE. 


[This  has  been  a  good  deal   discussed  in  our 


12 S.X.APRIL s,  1922.]         NOTES   AND  QUERIES. 


273 


Columns.     Sec  1  S.  ix.  325 — 4  S.  ii.  324,  452,  599  ; 
iii.  90,  183  ;   x.  412,  499—6  S.  xii.  484—7  S.  i.  96, 
118,  206,   315,   413;    vii.   264,   337,   438,  495.     At 
4  S.  ii.  599,  will  be  found  the  variant  most  like . 
the   one  sent   by   our   correspondent.      Variants 
-are   numerous   and   many   contain   amusing   cor-  j 
ruptions.    They  are  reported  from  many  quarters. 
Neither    date    nor    origin    seems    to    have    been ! 
-ascertained.      At   4  S.  ii.   557   (Dec.,    1868),  DR.; 
HUSENBETH     communicated     a     Latin     version,  | 
"  Die  mihi  quid  sit  unus,"  which  he  said  he  had 
learned  from  an  aged  Dominican  friar.    The  late  i 
€OLONEL  PRIDE AUX  mentions  (at  7  S.  vii.   264) 
that    Andrew     Lang,    in    Longman's     Magazine 
(January,   1889,  p.  328),  suggested  this  might  be  i 
a   rude   memorla  technica  of   Christian   doctrine.  | 
Lang  also  says  the  tune  to     '  What  is  your  one, ! 
ph  ?  '    is  said  to  resemble  '  I  have  a  song,  oh  !  ' 
in  the  '  Yeomen  of  the  Guard.'] 

"  THE  KING'S  STANDINGS  "  IN  RICHMOND 
PABK. — A  little  wooded  eminence  in  Rich- 
mond   Park,    hard    by    the    memorial    to 
James  Thomson,  and  still  called,  I  under- i 
stand,     Henry    VIII.'s    Mound.     Tradition  i 
has  it  that  on  this  spot  the  King  stood, ; 
watching  eagerly  for  the  flash  of  the  gun  i 
at  the  Tower  which  should  tell  him  that! 
poor  AnneBoleyn  had  lost  her  head.   "  The  | 
King's  Standinge  "  is  duly  marked  on  old 
maps  of  the  park,  though  the  Tower  cannot 
be  seen  from  the  King's  Mound  nowadays, 
for  the  trees  have  grown  exceedingly  since 
Tudor  times.     Has  the  tradition  any  founda- 
tion in  fact  ?  J.  R.  H. 

JOHN  ABERCROMBIE,  HORTICULTURIST. — Is 
said  to  have  been  born  at  Prestonpans  in 
1726  and  to  have  died  in  1806.  Can  any 
reader  give  day  and  month  of  both  birth 
and  death,  and  place  of  death. 

W.  N.  C. 

RICHARD  REYNOLDS  (1674-1743),  Bishop 
of  Bangor  and  afterwards  of  Lincoln. 
Where  can  I  see  a  portrait  of  the  above  ? 

A.  K.  MAPLES. 

Spalding. 

GEORGE  AND  JOHN  MADDESON. — Of  these 
two  famous  brothers,  one  was  Secretary  to 
the  General  Post  Office  and  the  other  was 
Secretary  of  Legation  in  the  latter  part  of 
the  eighteenth  century.  George  is  said 
to  have  been  poisoned  in  Paris  in  1783. 
Can  any  reader  give  particulars  of  their 
careers,  or  refer  one  to  works  mentioning 
them  ?  A.  B.  C. 

MARK  AKEXSIDE. — Died  at  Hampstead, 
June  23,  1770,  aged  49  ;  buried  in  St.  James's 
Church,  Westminster.  Can  any  reader  give 
a  copy  of  his  memorial  inscription  ? 

A.  B.  C. 


EPITAPHS  ON  SPORTSMEN.  —  In  the 
churchyard  of  Bewcastle,  Cumberland,  is  the 
following  odd  epitaph  : — 

Jonathan  Telford  of  Craggyford,  who  died 
April  25,  1866,  aged  72.  Deceased  was  one  of  the 
moorgame  shooters  in  the  North  of  England  ;  in. 
the  time  of  his  shooting  he  bagged  59  grouse  at 
seven  double  shots. 

Are  there  any  like  epitaphs  elsewhere  ? 

J.  W.  F. 

KEATS    QUERY. — Will    some    one    kindly    en- 
lighten me  as  to  the  exact  meaning  of  the  following 
verses    by    John    Keats,    from    his    sonnet,    '  On 
seeing   the  Elgin  Marbles  for  the  First  Time  '  :— 
"  Yet  'tis  a  gentle  luxury  to  weep 
That  I  have  not  the  cloudy  winds  to  keep, 
Fresh  for  the  opening  of  the  morning's  eye." 
It  seems  rather  puzzling. 

P.  A.  D'ABREU-ALBANO. 

[We  have  altered  the  punctuation  sent  by  our 
correspondent  to  that  of  the  correct  text.  Keats 
says  mortality  is  heavy  on  him — he  must  die 

"  Like  a  sick  Eagle  looking  at  the  sky." 
Still,  there  is  a  gentle  luxury  in  the  very  tears 
with  which  he  mOurns  that  he  is  not  now  required 
to  be  soaring  amid  the  clouds  before  daybreak 
ready  for  the  sunrise.  "  To  keep  the  winds  "  is 
an  extension  of  the  use  of  "  keep  "  in  phrases 
like  "  keep  the  road,"  "  keep  the  sea."] 

REFERENCE  WANTED  : — 
"  The  smaller  the  house,  the  greater  the  peace." 

Can  any  kind  reader  trace  me  this  passage  in 
Horace's  works  and  give  me  the  Latin  equivalent  ? 
P.  A.  D'ABREU-ALBANO. 

AUTHOR  WANTED. — Can  any  correspondent  say 
where  the  following  comes  from  : — 

"  To  those  whom  the  gods  wish  to  punish,  is 
granted  the  desire  of  their  hearts." 

II.  M.  S. 


Keplte*. 

EARLY  VICTORIAN   LITERATURE. 

(12  S.  x.   210.)  ' 

I  AM  much  interested  in  MR.  FRANK 
JAY'S  query,  and  do  not  anticipate  any 
very  convincing  answer.  Those  who  were 
in  the  secret  took  it  to  the  grave  with 
them,  and  it  is  hardly  likely  that  Edward 
Lloyd's  descendants  have  much  information 
as  to  the  authors  in  his  employ,  when  he 
was  purely  a  publisher  of  sensational 
literature.  I  have  a  number  of  these  novels, 
which  appeared  mostly  in  penny  weekly 
numbers,  and  form  a  very  curious  and 
interesting  phase  of  the  underworld  of 
literature  in  the  mid-nineteenth  century. 
It  is  a  will-o'-the-wisp  business  trying  to 
trace  the  authors  of  most  of  these  books. 


274 


NOTES   AND   QUERIES.        [12 S.X.APRIL 8,1922. 


'  Ela  the  Outcast '  is  "  By  the  Author  of 
Ernnestine  de  Lacy,'  "  and  '  Ernnestine 
de  Lacy  '  is  "  By  the  Author  of  '  Ela  the 
Outcast,'  "  and  so  we  do  not  get  any 
"  forrader."  I  mentioned  '  Ela  the  Out- 
cast '  because  it  happened  to  be  the  first 
of  the  Lloyd  novels  which  came  to  hand 
and  is  not  among  those  in  MB.  JAY'S  list, 
it  being,  I  think,  fairly  certain  that  its 
author  is  known  to  be  Thomas  Seckett 
Prest,  whose  output,  in  quantity  at  least, 
must  run  that  of  Dickens  very  closely.  I 
have  two  editions  of  '  Ela  the  Outcast,' 
totally  different  in  format  and  in  illustra- 
tions. The  earlier  of  these  was  issued 
about  1841,  when  Edward  Lloyd  was  at 
231,  Shoreditch,  as  a  printer  and 
publisher,  if  the  imprint  may  be  taken 
verb,  et  lit.  The  later  edition  appeared 
complete  in  January,  1850,  when  Lloyd 
was  established  in  Salisbury  Square,  Fleet 
Street,  where,  during  the  next  20  or  30 
years,  he  accumulated  a  fortune — to  which 
the  undoubted  stepping-stone  was  formed 
by  the  many  romances  of  "  thrilling 
interest "  which  he  produced  in  such 
numbers  for  over  10  years.  That  these 
romances  enjoyed  an  enormous  circulation 
there  can  be  no  manner  of  doubt,  and  a 
really  fine  copy  of  any  one  of  them,  is  in- 
finitely more  difficult  to  obtain  than  one 
of  Dickens  or  Thackeray.  Lloyd  was  only 
one  of  many  who  published  such  books. 
E.  Harrison,  also  of  Salisbury  Court,  was 
another,  but  somewhat  later. 

I  would  very  much  like  to  know  who  was 
the  author  of  '  Black  Bess,'  which  he 
published  in  penny  numbers  ;  it  ran  for 
254  weeks  !  It  had  two  sequels  almost  as 
long.  W.  ROBERTS. 

18,  King's  Avenue,  Clapham  Park,  S.W.4. 

I  am  intensely  interested  in  MB.  FRANK 
JAY'S  query  on  the  above  subject,  and 
I  sincerely  hope  the  result  will  elucidate  the 
mystery  surrounding  the  authors'  names 
of  the  "  penny  dreadful  "  type  of  literature 
published  by  E.  Lloyd. 

Who  was  the  person  who  wrote  under 
the  name  of  "  Bos  "  ?  He  wrote  a  number 
of  burlesque  travesties  upon  some  of  the 
best-known  works  of  Charles  Dickens. 
The  first  was  the  '  Sketch  Book,'  by  Bos, 
printed  and  published  by  E.  Lloyd,  62, 
Broad  Street,  Bloomsbury,  in  1836  ;  and 
it  was  followed  by  '  Nicholas  Nicklebury,' 
by  Bos,  in  1838.  Then  comes  'The  Post- 
humous Notes  of.  the  Pickwickian  Club, 
or  The  Penny  Pickwick,'  in  two  vols.,  by 


Bos,  from  the  same  address,  in  1838  and 
1839.  After  this  we  have  '  The  Life  and 
Adventures  of  Oliver  Twiss,  the  Work- 
house Boy  '  (by  Bos  Pseud.),  printed  and 
published  by  E.  Lloyd  for  F.  Graves, 
Printer,  30,  Curtain  Road,  Shoreditch, 
Aug.  2,  1839  ;  followed  by  '  Pickwick  in 
America,'  edited  by  Bos,  printed  and  pub- 
lished by  E.  Lloyd,  82,  Broad  Street, 
Shoreditch  (sic).  Possibly  this  was  a 
printer's  error,  but  the  copy  in  the  British 
Museum  bears  that  address.  Then  came 
'  Mr.  Humfries  Clock,'  by  Bos,  printed  and 
published  by  E.  Lloyd,  44,  Holy  well  Street, 
London,  in  1840. 

All  these  works  were  published  in  penny 
weekly  numbers,  the  front  page  of  each 
being  embellished  with  a  quaintly  drawn 
woodcut,  and  some  of  those  illustrating 
'  Pickwick  in  America '  being  attributed 
to  G.  Cruickshank. 

If  this  "  Bos "  can  be  traced  and  his 
proper  name  discovered  I  think  we  shall 
get  upon  the  track  of  the  rightful  author 
of  '  Fatherless  Fanny,'  for  the  title  page 
of  my  copy  reads  "  '  Fatherless  Fanny, 
or  The  Mysterious  Orphan,'  by  the  author 
of  '  The  Hebrew  Maiden,  or  The  Lost 
Diamond,'  '  Oliver  Twiss,'  etc.,  etc.,  pub- 
lished by  E.  Lloyd,  231,  Shoreditch,  1841." 

I  have  always  understood  that  '  Gentle- 
man Jack '  was  written  by  a  lady,  viz., 
Mrs.  Elizabeth  Caroline  Grey,  who  wrote 
'  The  Ordeal  by  Touch,'  '  The  Dream  of  a 
Life,'  and  several  other  penny  shockers 
published  by  E.  Lloyd  during  the  period 
in  question.  The  title  page  to  '  The  Dream 
of  a  Life :  a  Romance,'  reads,  "  By  the 
Author  of  '  The  Ordeal  by  Touch,'  '  Gentle- 
man Jack,'  etc.,  etc.  "  ;  the  sub-title  011 
the  first  page  reads,  "  '  The  Dream  of  a 
Life  :  a  Romance,'  by  the  Author  of  '  Vill- 
roy,  or  The  Horrors  of  Zendorf  Castle.'  ' 
But  I  have  hitherto  not  been  able  to  sub- 
stantiate the  assertion.  If  this  lady  wrote 
'  Gentleman  Jack  '  she  used  quite  a  different 
style  and  language  from  what  appears  in 
her  other  works.  Unfortunately  her  name 
does  not  appear  in  any  biographical  work  or 
book  reference,  at  least  I  have  not  been  able 
to  find  any  mention  of  her  beyond  a  short 
list  of  works  under  her  name  in  the  British 
Museum  Library,  where  neither  '  Gentleman 
Jack  '  nor  '  The  Horrors  of  Zendorf  Castle  ' 
are  mentioned.  ALBEBT  HALL. 

'  Gentleman  Jack,'  by  the  author  of 
*  Cavendish,'  W.  Johnson  Neale.  My  edition 


12  s.x.  APRIL  s.  1922.]         NOTES   AND   QUERIES. 


275 


not   dated.      Published    by   David    Bryce, 
Amen  Corner. 

'  Gamblers  Wife  '—  no  second  title—  by 
Mrs.  Grey,  who  wrote  a  good  many  other 
novels.  No  date  in  my  copy.  Published 
bylClarke  Beeton  and  Co.,  Fleet  Street. 

J.  B. 


CAP    OF    MAINTENANCE. 
(12  S.  x.  151,  195,  231,  258.) 

THE  "  cap  of  maintenance  "  is  twice  shown 
in  the  St.  William  window  at  York.  In 
both  cases  it  is  worn  by  the  Lord  Mayor 


dignitaries  save  only  the  King  himself  and 
during  divine  service  in  the  Minster.  He 
is  therefore  shown  with  the  cap  on  his  head, 
but  is  evidently  in  the  act  of  raising  it  in 
response  to  some  compliment  or  toast. 
The  hat  has  a  square  crown,  the  sides  turned 
up  and  lined  with  ermine,  with  a  large 
"  ouch  "  in  front.  JOHN  A.  KNOWLES. 

I  would  like  to  say  that  I  quite  agree 
with  C.  S.  that  it  would  be  highly  desirable 
for  the  "  ancient  documents  "  to  be  in  the 
possession  of  the  Master  of  the  Rolls,  but 
their  having  passed  to  the  Liddle  family 


himself  and  not  by  his  sword-bearer  as  it  is 
at  the  present  day.  In  the  panel  repre- 
senting St.  William's  Enthronization  Feast, 
the  Lord  Mayor,  who  is  the  central  figure, 
is  shown  seated  at  table  wearing  the  cap 
whilst  all  the  other  guests  are  uncovered. 
The  artist  has  been  at  particular  pains  to 
bring  out  this  point,  for  the  chief  magistrate 
has  claimed  the  right  to  wear  the  cap  of 
maintenance  and  carry  his  sword  upright 
in  the  presence  of  all  civil  and  ecclesiastical 


and  not  being  in  my  possession  makes  me 
unable  to  do  as  C.  S.  suggests. 

The  description  I  gave  of  them  as  "  ancient 
documents "  is  not  my  designation,  but 
that  of  the  learned  authorities  who  in- 
spected them.  Their  full  texts  were  given 
in  an  article  upon  Old  Families  which 
appeared  a  long  time  ago.  I  have  only 
copies  attested,  as  compared  with  the 
originals  and  found  correct.  The  original 
document  which  I  do  possess  goes  back 


276 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [12 ax. APRILS,  1922. 


only  to  1684,  being  in  the  handwriting  of 
the  various  fathers  and  sons  up  to  my 
becoming  head  of  the  family.  All  earlier 
documents  are  in  the  Rolls  Court. 

I  think  that  if  C.  S.  will  re-read  carefully 
my  note  he  will  see  that  I  do  not  "discourse 
so  feelingly  "  regarding  my  family's  "  cap 
of  maintenance,"  but  merely  bring  it  in  as 
a  hint  for  some  inquirer  to  make  research 
into  new  channels,  as  there  are,  I  know, 
other  families  possessing  the  same  privilege. 

I  refuse  to  have  anything  to  do  with 
municipal  matters,  and  accordingly  only 
know  of  the  "  cap "  of  the  Newcastle 
Corporation  from  the  statement  made  by 
the  late  Alderman  R.  H.  Holmes,  and  if 
that  statement  be  correct,  I  think  it  would 
be  wiser  for  the  Corporation  themselves  to 
hold  so  great  a  relic  than  to  send  it  away 
to  a  museum  in  London  !  Corporations, 
happily,  have  pride  equally  with  old 
families  and  believe  in  the  words  of  Disraeli  : 
"  There  is  no  greater  incentive  to  noble 
deeds  than  the  pride  of  noble  ancestry." 
RICHARD  H.  HOLME. 


JOHN   FREDERICK   SMITH, 
NOVELIST. 

(12  S.  x.  229.) 

SOME  four  or  five  years  ago  I  made 
an  exhaustive  research  relating  to  this 
extremely  popular  old-time  Bohemian  writer 
of  sensational  fiction.  The  results  of  my 
labours  are  embodied  in  a  series  of  articles 
which  appeared  in  Spare  Moments  (London 
Journal  Supplement)  under  the  title  of 
'  Peeps  into  the  Past,'  and  if  MR.  P.  J. 
ANDERSON  would  write  to  the  publisher, 
Mr.  F.  A.  Wickhart,  4,  Crane  Court,  Fleet 
Street,  E.C.4,  I  have  no  doubt  he  would  be 
supplied  with  copies,  or  the  whole  series  of 
articles,  numbering  50,  can  be  seen  in  the 
British  Museum  Library  (Press  number 
11850,  v.  33).  Mr.  Wickhart,  by  the  way, 
owns  the  copyrights  of  J.  F.  Smith's  serials 
that  appeared  in  The  London  Journal,  and 
also  possesses  the  original  wood-blocks 
drawn  by  Sir  John  Gilbert  to  illustrate  the 
tales  of  Smith,  Sir  Walter  Scott,  Pierce  Egan 
the  younger,  and  other  well-known  writers 
for  The  London  Journal  (enumerated  by 
MR.  RALPH  THOMAS  in  9  S.  v.  377,  459  ; 
vi.  14,  74 — 11  S.  vii.  221,  276,  297,  375; 
viii.  121,  142  ;  x.  102,  144,  183,  223,  262,  292, 
301).  The  early  volumes  of  The  London 
Journal  containing  these  illustrations  are 


much  sought  after  by  collectors  and  admirers 
of  the  celebrated  artist's  works. 

In  addition  to  the  serials,  Smith  con- 
tributed *  The  Lives  of  the  Queens  of  Eng- 
land,' in  vol.  xv.  of  The  London  Journal 
(1852)  ;  and  it  was  through  his  writing  this 
series  that  Mr.  John  Cassell  offered  him  the 
writing  of  '  The  History  of  England,'  but 
I  do  not  think  he  accepted  the  offer.  Smith 
also  wrote  a  short  Eastern  story  entitled 
'  Marianne,  a  Tale  of  the  Temple.'  This  was 
in  fact  his  first  contribution  to  The  London 
Journal,  which  appeared  in  the  issue  of 
May  19,  1849.  In  that  of  Aug.  4  appeared 
some  verses  by  him  entitled  '  Erin's  Prayer 
to  the  Queen.'  On  Sept.  29  there  appeared 
'  An  Ode  to  Hungary,'  and  in  the  same  issue 
an  article  entitled  'The  Plague  of  London.' 
To  a  later  issue  Smith  contributed  an  epistle, 
'  The  Bygone  Year,  1849.'  All  of  these 
claim  poetic  and  artistic  merit. 

Smith  left  The  London  Journal  in  a  most 
dramatic  manner  towards  the  end  of  1855, 
before  he  had  completed  '  Masks  and  Faces,' 
and  joined  (Mr.  John)  Cassettes  Illustrated 
Family  Paper  exclusively.  (He  had  pre- 
viously contributed  '  The  Soldier  of  Fortune, 
I  a  Tale  of  the  War,'  to  that  progressive 
periodical.)  He  commenced  a  series  of  fine 
serials  which  appeared  as  follows  :  (1)  '  Dick 
Tarleton,  or  Lessons  of  Life,'  in  'No.  106 
(Jan.  5,  1856).  This  tale  was  afterwards 
translated  into  French  and  published  in 
book  form  in  1858.  (2)  '  Phases  of  Life,  or 
a  Peep  Behind  the  Scenes,'  in  No.  147  (Oct. 
18,  1856),  followed  by  (3)  a  historical 
romance,  '  The  Young  Pretender,  or  a  Hun- 
dred Years  Ago,'  in  No.  186  (July  18,  1857). 
In  No.  1  of  the  new  series  of  CasselVs  Illus- 
trated Paper  (Dec.  5,  1857)  appeared  (4) 
'  Smiles  and  Tears,  a  Tale  of  Our  Own 
Times,'  (5)  '  The  Substance  and  the  Shadow  ' 
in  No.  53  (Dec.  4,  1858),  and  (6)  '  Milly 
Moyne,  or  Broken  at  Last,'  in  No.  79  (June 
4,  1859).  After  an  interval,  during  which 
the  author  went  abroad,  (7) '  Who  is  to  Win  ?  ' 
began  in  No.  136  (July  7,  1860).  This  was 
followed  by  (8)  '  Sowing  and  Gathering  '  in 
No.  183  (Jan.  1,  1861)  ;  then  came  (9) 
'  Warp  and  Weft,  or  The  Cotton  Famine,'  in 
No.  263  (Dec.  13,  1862)  ;  and,  finally,  (10) 
'False  Steps'  in  No.  326  (Feb.  27,  1864). 
The  illustrations  to  Smith's  serials  in  the 
first  issue  were  by  T.  H.  Nicholson  and  C.  W. 
Sheeres  ;  those  to  '  Smiles  and  Tears  '  by 
A.  Crowquill  and  Pearson  ;  to  '  The  Sub- 
stance and  the  Shadow,'  E.  J.  Skill  ;  those 
to  '  Who  is  to  Win  ?  '  by  John  Swain  and 


12 S.X.APRIL s,  1922.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


277 


C.  Green  ;  those  to  '  False  Steps  '  and  *  Molly 
Moyne '  are  unsigned.  It  was  at  this 
period  (1865)  that  J.  F.  Smith  rejoined  The 
London  Journal,  the  proprietor  of  which 
periodical  purchased  the  copyrights  of  the 
stories  which  had  been  running  through 
CasseWs  Illustrated  Paper  for  £1,000. 

I  have  not  been  able  to  trace  any  of  these 
serials  as  published  in  book  form,  but  most  i 
of  those  that  appeared  in  The  London  Jour- 
nal were  published  by  Messrs.  Bradley  and 
Co.  at  various  times  and  can  be  picked  up 
occasionally  at  second-hand  bookshops.  | 
*  The  Will  and  the  Way  '  appeared  again  as  | 
a  serial  in  No.  1  of  The  Seven  Days  Journal, 
Sept.  6,  1862,  and  was  continued  in  No.  1  of 
The  London  Reader,  May  18,  1863,  when  the 
former  became  incorporated  with  the  latter. 
'  Minnigrey  '  also  appeared  in  No.  1  of  The 
Guide,  Aug.  3, 1 86 1 .  This  work  is  considered 
and  accepted  as  the  highest  achievement 
of  the  author  and  became  very  popular,  and 
I  believe  is  so  at  the  present  time.  That 
J.  F.  Smith  was  a  popular  man  in  his  day 
goes  without  saying,  for  with  vol.  viii. 
(N.S.)  of  The  London  Journal,  No.  363  (Nov. 
25,  1890),  was  presented  a  large  sheet  pic- 
torial almanac  containing  the  portraits  of  a 
bevy  of  society  and  actress  beauties,  in- 
cluding Miss  Winifred  Emery,  Lady  Brooke, 
Miss  Mary  Anderson,  Madame  Albani,  Ellen 
Terry,  Nikita  (?),  Adelina  Patti,  Lady 
Dunlo,  the  Countess  of  Zetland  and  Lady 
Randolph  Churchill  ;  and  right  in  the  centre 
of  these  is  a  portrait  of  John  Frederick 
Smith. 

Most  of  Smith's  tales  were  re-issued  as 
serials  in  The  London  Journal  from  time  to 
time,  and  he  does  not  appear  to  have  written 
many,  if  any,  tales  other  than  those  already 
enumerated  by  MR.  RALPH  THOMAS  and 
those  that  appeared  in  Cassettes  Illustrated 
Family  Paper.  '  Rochester,  or  The  Merry 
Days  of  Merry  England,'  which  was  published 
in  29  penny  weekly  numbers  by  E.  Lloyd, 
1852,  appeared  as  a  serial  in  The  Halfpenny 
Gazette,  No.  46  (Jan.  16,  1864),  with  illustra- 
tions by  C.  Bonner,  but  only  ran  to  38 
chapters  instead  of  the  original  49. 

I  am  wondering  whether  J.  F.  Smith  had 
anything  to  do  with  those  "  Penny  Dreadful  " 
tales  which  are  the  subject  of  my  query 
under  '  Early  Victorian  Literature  '  (see  ante, 
pp.  210  and  273).  '  The  Jesuit,'  by  Smith,  in 
three  vols.,  published  by  Saunders  and 
Otley,  Conduit  Street,  in  *1832,  is  not  illus- 
trated ;  *  Amy  Lawrence,  the  Freemason's 
Daughter,'  in  35  numbers,  published  by 


H.  Lea,  Warwick  Lane,  1860,  is  illustrated  ; 
'  The  Prelate,'  published  by  Ward  and  Lock 
in  a  yellow -back  edition  in  1860,  is  not 
illustrated  ;  but  '  The  Chronicles  of  Stans- 
field  Hall,'  in  50  numbers,  published  by 
E.  Lloyd,  1851,  is  illustrated  in  the  usual 
style  of  "  Penny  Dreadfuls." 

Smith  ended  his  days  in  New  York,  where 
he  published  some  of  his  old  tales  and  some 
new  ones,  the  titles  of  which  I  cannot  find. 
The  actual  date  of  his  death  I  have  failed 
to  discover,  although  I  wrote  to  a  firm  of 
publishers  in  New  York  on  the  subject. 
I  did,  however,  gather  that  the  once  popular 
idol  and  writer  had  died  in  obscurity  and 
want,  some  time  during  March,  1890.  Only 
one  English  newspaper,  the  London  Star, 
chronicled  the  fact,  and  said  : — 

There  has  just  died  in  New  York  J.  F.  Smith^ 
a  once  popular  author,  who  wrote  a  large  number 
of  serials  in  the  fifties  for  The  London  Journal. 
His  methods  of  production  were  peculiar,  nothing- 
would  irduce  him  to  write  more  than  the  weekly 
instalment,  which  w\s  done  in  a  room  at  the 
office  of  The  Journal.  Here  he  was  shut  up  with 
a  bottle  of  port  and  a  cigar,  or  pipe,  glance  at 
the  last  week's  instalment  (and  the  office  boy  had 
strict  instructions  not  to  let  him  out  withci.it  the 
necessary  copy),  and  he  would  write  off  a  week's- 
instalment  for  the  next  number  and  take  it  to  the 
cashier  and  draw  his  pay,  and  sending  out  the  boy 
to  see  if  the  court  was  clear  of  dunning  or  ob- 
jectionable characters,  would  leave  the  office  and 
not  return  until  the  following  week.  In  this  way 
were  his  long  romances  produced,  and  it  is 
marvellous  how  he  could  keep  his  connexion  of  the 
plot  and  characters  under  such  conditions. 

Smith  was  a  pure  Bohemian,  and  it  is 
related  of  him  that  whilst  in  the  height  of 
his  popularity  and  enjoying  the  income 
of  an  Under- Secretary  of  State,  he  lived  -in 
seclusion  in  a  boarding-house  in  Bloomsbury 
and  would  not  associate  himself  with  his 
fellow-writers,  one  reason  for  this  exclusive- 
ness  being  his  deafness,  which  prevented 
him  from  entering  into  profitable  con- 
versation with  others.  FRANK  JAY. 

COL.    MONTBESOB    OF    BELMONT    (12    S.    X. 

170,  214).— F.  M.  M.  would  be  glad  of  my 
references  to  The  Kentish  Gazette,  and  I 
have  pleasure  in  giving  the  following  as 
quoted  by  my  correspondent  : — • 

Kentish  Gazette,  June  21,  1799. 

Maidstone.  It  is  with  the  utmost  regret  that  we 
have  to  announce  the  death  of  John  Montresor, 
Esq.,  late  of  Belmont  in  this  county. 

Kentish  Gazette,  June  25,  1799. 

The  remains  of  John  Montresor,  Esq.,  whose 
death  was  mentioned  in  our  Friday's  paper, 
were  conveyed  from  the  jail  at  Maidstone  on 
Wednesday  last  and  interred  in  the  most  private 
manner  in  the  Parish  Church  of  that  place.  The 


278 


NOTES   AND  QUERIES.        r  12  s.x.  APIUL  8,1022. 


immediate  cause  of  this  valuable  and  good  man's 
death  was  a  fever  which  attacked  him  during  his 
confinement  added  to  the  late  trying  anxiety  of 
mind,  and  his  infirmities  arising  from  hardships 
in  America  during  a  service  of  forty  years.  His 
many  amiable  qualities  made  him  universally 
beloved  and  esteemed  by  every  person  who  had 
the  happiness  of  his  acquaintance.  His  family 
have  lost  in  him  a  tender  parent,  a  most  affection- 
ate husband,  and  the  world  one  of  the  noblest 
works  of  God,  AN  HONEST  MAN  [sic]. 

From  these  defiant  capitals  the  gallant 
officer  evidently  had  a  "  good  press,"  and 
we  may  assume  The  Kentish  Gazette  was  not  a 
supporter  of  the  then  Government. 

As  to  the  official  rank  of  John  Montresor, 
the  '  D.N.B.,'  which  seems  to  have  known 
nothing  of  the  last  decade  of  his  life,  makes 
him  "  Major  "  and  gazettes  him  only  up  to 
"  Captain  and  Engineer."  The  Maidstone 
Parish  Register,  I  am  told,  records  his 
burial  on  June  9,  1799,  as  Lt. -Colonel, 
but  I  have  not  verified  this.  Whether  this 
rank  w^as  the  result  of  long  service  in 
America,  where  even  then  "  Colonel  " 
was  perhaps  "  common  form,"  whether  it 
was  official  after  the  date  to  which  the 
*  D.N.B.'  follows  him,  or  whether  it  was 
a,  tribute  to  local  popularity,  I  must  leave 
to  some  military  expert. 

PERCY    HTJLBURD. 

PALLONE,  AN  ITALIAN  GAME  (12  S.  x. 
65,  154). — I  doubt  there  being  inaccuracies 
in  the  description  of  the  game  as  played 
in  Rome  given  by  the  late  William  Wetmore 
Story.  He  was  a  prose  writer  and  poet  as 
well  as  sculptor,  and  from  1848  till  his 
death  in  1895  lived  mainly  in  Rome.  He 
occupied  for  many  years  part  of  the  Palazzo 
Barberini.  I  may  perhaps  quote  from  a 
letter  written  to  me  a  few  days  ago  by  a 
friend  of  mine,  who  was  Military  Attache 
in  Rome  for  many  years  : — 

Pallone  is  still  played  in  Borne  :  there  is  a 
big  open  court  in  the  new  quarter  that  has  sprung 
up  of  late  years  outside  the  old  walls  between 
the  Porta  Pia  and  the  Villa  Borghese.  The  court 
is  surrounded  by  a  high  wall  surmounted  with 
netting.  During  my  last  stay  in  Borne  there  was 
no  play  owing  to  the  war,  but  many  years  ago, 
twenty  or  thereabouts,  when  I  was  first  in  Borne, 
I  used  sometimes  to  go  and  see  the  game  played, 
and  although  I  am  not  familiar  with  the  rules 
and  my  recollection  is  rather  vague,  I  think 
that  Story's  account  is  correct  and  accurate. 
I  take  it,  it  would  be  difficult  to  catch  him  napping 
with  regard  to  any  matter  connected  with  the 
Bomans  and  their  customs.  I  know  nothing  of 
the  game  as  played  outside  Borne,  but  it  is  most 
probable  that  the  rules,  &c.,  vary  locally  in 
different  parts  of  Italy.  I  always  was  under  the 
impression  that  "  pallone "  was  a  Boman 
speciality. 


I  knew  Waldo  Story,  son  of  the  author  of 
'  Boba  di  Boma,'  very  well ;  he  also  was  a 
sculptor  and  died  shortly  (a  year  or  two)  before 
the  war,  I  think. 

In  another  letter  my  friend  writes  : — 
It  is  most  highly  probable  the  way  of  playing 
the  game  varies  in  different  parts  of  Italy.     The 
unification  of  Italy  has  had  little  effect  on  purely 
local  customs. 

I  submit  that  Story  had  a  right  to  form 
his  own  opinion  on  Pallone  r.  Cricket, 
and  that  his  preference  for  the  former 
scarcely  merits  the  epithet  "  silly." 

ROBERT  PIERPOINT. 

IDENTIFICATION  OF  FLAG  (12  S.  x.  70). — 
The  flag  may  be  that  of  the  Guinea  Com- 
pany, which  was  formed  1588,  for  though 
it  does  not  exactly  answer  the  description, 
in  that  it  has  no  canton,  yet  it  has  the  cross 
and  the  bordure  chequy,  and  C.  King,  in 
his  small  book  on  flags,  says  that  the 
Guinea  Company's  flag  appears  to  have  had 
more  than  one  form.  In  addition,  it  must 
be  remembered  that  painters  were  often 
not  exact  in  their  heraldry.  Hulme,  in 
his  '  Flags  of  the  World,'  gives  an  illustration 
of  the  flag.  The  E.I.  Co.  had  an  ensign 
containing  a  red  cross  in  the  canton,  the 
remainder  of  the  flag  being  striped  red  and 
white  ;  the  number  of  stripes  varied.  Since 
the  date  1666  is  suggested,  the  following 
note  I  have  found  amongst  my  papers 
may  be  relevant : — 

Prince  Bupert  was  in  command  of  the  Guinea 
Fleet  in  1664,  sailing  in  the  Henrietta,  a  third- 
rater  of  60  guns  and  380  men.  The  fleet  put  to 
sea,  but  was  recalled  owing  to  the  war  prepara- 
tions of  the  Dutch. 

My  opinion  is  that  it  is  at  any  rate  some 
"  company  "  flag.  A.  G.  KEALY, 

Chaplain,  B.N.  retd. 

THE  TROUTBECK  PEDIGREE  (12  S.  x.  21, 
77,  97,  111).— The  greater  part  of  the 
original  article  by  DR.  HALL  is  based  on 
his  statement  that  John  Talbot  of  Grafton, 
by  his  will  of  1549,  appointed,  as  overseer, 
"  Richard  Trutbek,  my  father-in-law."  DR. 
HALL  asks,  "  In  what  sense  does  Talbot 
call  Richard  Trutbek  his  father-in-law  ?  " 
As  DR.  HALL  says  elsewhere,  "  plainly  there 
is  wild  confusion  somewhere,"  for  the  answer 
to  his  question  is  that  Talbot  does  not  do 
so  at  all.  MR.  JOHN  BROWNBILL  tells  me 
he  has  looked  at  the  will.  The  executors 
were  the  wife  (not  named),  George  Alyngton 
and  Richard  Trutbek ;  and  the  overseer 
was  "  my  father-in-law  "  (no  name  given). 
Thus  there  was  no  occasion  for  most  of  DR. 
HALL'S  lengthy  article  ;  nor  is  there  any 


12  s.x.  APRIL  s,  1922.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


279 


good  reason  to  doubt  that  the  wife  was 
Elizabeth  Wrottesley  and  that  the  father- 
in-law  was  Walter  Wrottesley,  as  given  in 
the  Visitations.  R.  STEWART-BROWN. 

THE  STEAM  PACKET  (12  S.  x.  207).— In 
your  issue  of  March  18  there  is  an  interesting 
reference  to  the  Steam  Packet  Inn,  in 
Lower  Thames  Street,  by  MR.  ALECK 
ABRAHAMS.  It  is  a  curious  coincidence  that 
shortly  after  4  p.m.  on  March  17,  whilst 
probably  your  issue  was  actually  being 
printed,  the  upper  part  of  the  inn  collapsed 
and  the  barman  was  buried  in  the  ruins, 
being  afterwards  rescued  alive.  I  have 
photographs  of  the  scene  of  the  disaster,  and 
should  your  correspondent  care  to  see. them 
I  shall  be  glad  to  show  them  to  him. 
C.  J.  Fox 

(Lieut.-Colonel),  Chief  Officer, 
London  Salvage  Corps. 

['  N.  &  Q.'  goes  to  press  on  Wednesday  after- 
noon. The  number  with  the  account  of  the 
Steam  Packet  was  on  its  way  to  its  various 
destinations  when  the  disaster  occurred.] 

EDWARD  STEPHENSON  (12  S.  x.  230).— 
A  biographical  notice  of  Edward  Stephenson, 
'  An  Unrecorded  Governor  of  Fort  William,' 
who  held  office  for  a  little  over  a  day,  will 
be  found  in  The  Journal  of  the  Asiatic 
Society  of  Bengal,  vol.  Ixvii.  Pt.  I.,  1898. 
For  details  of  Stephenson's  services  under  the 
E.I.  Co.  in  Bengal  (1711-1728)  and  the  share 
he  took  in  the  embassy  to  the  Emperor 
Farrukhsiyar  in  1715-1717,  see  C.  R.Wilson's 
'  Early  Annals  of  Bengal,'  vol.  ii.,  Pt.  I., 
and  vol.  iii.  L.  M.  ANSTEY. 

TERCENTENARY  HANDLIST  OF  NEWS- 
PAPERS (12  S.  viii.  38,  91,  118,  173,  252, 
476;  x.  191,  213):— 

1875.     Light  Greens.     No.  1,  July. 

The  Light  Green  (of  which,  as  well  as  I 
remember,  three  numbers  only  were  issued) 
certainly  began  in  1872.  The  greater  part 
of  all  the  numbers  was  written  by  my 
friend  Arthur  Clement  Hilton  of  St.  John's 
College.  F.  H.  H.  GUILLEMARD. 

ENGLISH  ARMY  SLANG  (12  S.  x.  201,  and 
references  there  given). — "  Sweating  on 
leave."  I  should  like  to  offer  the  following 
suggestion  for  the  dictionary  of  war  slang. 
Towards  the  end  of  the  war  the  word  "  to 
sweat  "  came  into  use  as  meaning  "  to 
hope,"  e.g.,  in  such  phrases  as  "  sweating 
on  leave,"  "  sweating  on  being  demobbed." 


The  word  is  probably  derived  from  souhaiter, 
and  was  presumably  learned  in  billets. 

F.  J.  M.  STRATTON. 


JJotes  on 

Johnsonian  Gleanings.  Part  III. :  The  Doctor's 
Boyhood.  By  Aleyn  Lyell  Beade.  (Privately 
printed  for  the  Author  at  The  Arden  Press, 
Stamford  Street,  London.) 

THE  zeal  of  the  antiquarian  and  the  genealogist 
in  pursuit  of  the  item  of  evidence  required  to  com- 
plete a  case  is  similar  to  that  of  the  sportsman 
who  pursues  a  fox.  Both  are  equally  prodigal 
of  time  and  indifferent  to  fatigue,  and  to  the  un- 
sympathetic onlooker  both  are  equally  mysterious. 
In  his  first  book,  *  The  Beades  of  Blackwood  Hill,' 
Mr.  A.  L.  Beade  displayed  that  enthusiasm  for 
research  which  descries  the  possibility  of  sensa- 
tional discovery  in  the  registers  of  a  remote  parish 
or  the  lumber  of  an  obscure  attorney's  office,  and 
his  enthusiasm  certainly  adds  charm  to  work 
intrinsically  valuable.  In  any  case,  we  might  be 
glad  to  follow  him  in  his  investigations,  but  it  is 
because  they  are  a  labour  of  love  that  we  are 
able  to  do  so  with  such  unflagging  interest.  He 
told  us. of  his  first  book  that  he  "  spared  neither 
expense  nor  labour  to  perfect  the  work,"  and 
during  the  16  years  that  have  elapsed  since  its 
completion  he  does  not  seem  to  have  slackened  in 
diligence.  His  name  is  already  very  well  known 
to  Johnsonian  students,  and  their  debt  to  him  is 
sensibly  increased  by  the  appearance  of  vol.  iii. 
of  his  '  Johnsonian  Gleanings.'  Vol.  ii.  was  en- 
tirely devoted  to  a  study  of  Francis  Barber, 
Dr.  Johnson's  negro  servant,  and  his  relations 
with  his  master.  Vol  i.  contained  a  mass  of  in- 
formation regarding  Dr.  Johnson  and  his  en- 
vironment in  the  form  of  notes.  In  his  present 
work  Mr.  Beade  has  drawn  from  these  and  from 
his  first  and  larger  book,  he"  has  added  fresh 
material  as  the  result  of  subsequent  research,  he 
has  arranged  the  whole  with  infinite  care,  and  pro- 
duced a  chronicle  of  which  the  great  importance 
is  unquestionable. 

Ninety  years  ago,  Lord  Macaula.y  lamented  the 
dearth  of  information  with,  regard  to  the  early 
years  of  Samuel  Johnson,  but  it  seems  that  it  is 
not  too  late  for  the  deficiency  to  be  made  good, 
and  possibly  Mr.  Beade  does  not  himself  deplore 
the  negligence  which  has  left  so  much  unbroken 
ground  to  await  his  excavations.  He  possesses 
the  qualifications  for  his  task.  No  doubt  as  he  is 
a  born  genealogist  he  is  not  exempt  from  the 
temptation  to  diverge  widely  from  his  chosen 
subject  presented  by  the  marriages  of  aunts  and 
uncles  (only  those  who  share  his  tastes  realize 
that  every  alliance  suggests  alluring  possibilities 
of  new  discovery).  But  if  the  temptation  assailed 
him  he  resisted  it.  His  book  tells  us  a  great  deal 
which  is  not  to  be  found  in  the  various  editions 
of  the  great  biography  about  the  early  years  of 
Samuel  Johnson,  about  his  parents,  and  about  life 
in  Lichfield  two  centuries  ago,  and  it  contains 
very  little,  even  in  the  copious  footnotes,  that  is 
irrelevant.  We  commend  it  to  the  general 
reader  for  its  easy  style  and  skilful  arrangement 
of  new  and  curious  information.  To  the  student 
it  will  appeal  even  more  strongly,  first  as  being  a 


280 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        1 1 2  S.X.APKIL  8,1922. 


veritable  storehouse  of  Johnsonian  lore,  and  then 
because  it  conforms  to  the  best  standards  of  ex- 
haustive and  scholarly  research. 

Journal  of  the  Travels  of  Father  Samuel  Fritz. 
Translated  from  the  Evora  MS.  and  edited  by 
the  Rev.  Dr.  George  Edmundson.  (The  Hakluyt 
Society.) 

ON  a  July  day  of  the  year  1692  there  entered 
the  city  of  Lima  a  tall,  spare,  ruddy  man,  with 
a  curly  beard.  He  wore  a  short  cassock  of  palm 
fibre  reaching  to  the  middle  of  his  leg,  and  hempen 
shoes  ;  in  his  hand  he  carried  a  cross.  The  people 
of  Lima  flocked  to  gaze  upon  him  with  astonish- 
ment, thinking  they  saw  St.  Pachomius  come 
from  the  Thebaid  to  visit  them,  so  venerable 
was  his  aspect.  This  remarkable  person  was 
Father  Samuel  Fritz,  a  member  of  the  Company 
of  Jesus,  who,  at  that  date,  had  spent  some  six 
years  on  the  Amazon,  principally  in  going  up  and 
down  among  the  islands  in  the  upper  reaches  of 
the  river  between  the  mouths  of  the  Napo  and  the 
Putumayo,  teaching  the  Christian  religion  to 
Omaguas,  Jurimaguas  and  other  Indian  tribes  ; 
but  having  been  also  constrained  by  a  grievous 
sickness  to  make  his  way  down  to  the  Portuguese 
city  of  Para  at  the  river's  mouth  and  journey 
back  again.  The  courage  and  endurance  of 
Father  Samuel,  his  force  of  character,  which 
caused  the  Indians  to  believe  him  to  be  divine, 
his  endless  compassion  towards  his  people  in  their 
numerous  afflictions,  and  his  statesmanlike  grasp 
of  the  conditions  of  the  country  make  him  a  truly 
apostolic  figure  ;  but  he  was  even  more  than  one 
of  the  best  of  missionaries.  He  had  the  eye  and 
hand  of  a  master  craftsman,  a  markedly  scientific 
turn  of  mind,  and  such  alertness  of  intellect  that 
in  the  midst  of  hard  toil  .and  bodily  suffering 
he  could  make  careful  observations  of  the  then 
little-known  and  scarcely  surveyed  country  which 
he  traversed.  His  most  important  work  is  his 
map  founded  upon  the  observations,  reckonings 
and  inquiries  of  his  journey  down  the  Amazon 
and  up  again  ;  but  his  Journals  contain  a  great 
number  of  interesting  particulars  of  the  super- 
stitions and  customs  of  the  Indians,  of  the 
treatment  of  the  Indians  by  the  Portuguese,  and 
of  the  methods  and  progress  of  trading  and 
other  intercourse  both  between  different  tribes 
and  between  the  tribes  and  white  men.  The 
Indians  of  the  Amazon,  as  he  depicts  them,  are 
simple  and  ingenious  people  haying  considerable 
ability  in  handicrafts,  and  easily  amenable  to 
suggestion.  Portuguese  exploitation  of  them 
makes  one  of  the  most  shameful  of  the  tales  of 
old  oppressions.  Forbidden  directly  to  make 
the  Indians  slaves,  the  settlers  compelled  them 
to  go  to  war  with  one  another,  then  ransomed 
the  captives  from  the  victor. 

Father  Samuel's  map  had  been  published  in  a 
reduced  form  in  1707.  Hjis  Journal  had  long  been 
lost,  and  its  discovery  in  1903  is  due  to  the  per- 
sistence and  acumen  of  Dr.  Edmundson.  He 
found  it  in  a  codex  in  the  Biblioteca  Publica  a1 
Evora — a  document  entitled  '  Mission  de  los 
Omaguas,  Jurimaguas,  &c.'  This  turned  out  to 
be  a  history  of  the  life  and  labours  of  Samue" 
Fritz,  incorporating  long  passages  from  Fritz's 
Journals — and,  in  particular,  the  Journal  of  the 
descent  of  the  Amazon.  The  writer  never  reveals 
his  name  ;  but  there  can  be  no  doubt  that  he  be- 


.onged  to  the  Company  of  Jesus.  He  writes  with 
.ntimate  knowledge  of  the  Mission  affairs,  and 
with  great  insight  and  admiration  and  con- 
siderable charm  of  the  character  of  Samuel 
Fritz. 

Fritz  was  by  birth  a  Bohemian.  As  a  youth 
ais  brilliance  in  study  aroused  the  greatest 
hopes  of  him.  At  the  age  of  32 — having  been  a 
Jesuit  for  some  thirteen  years — he  was  sent  to 
Quito,  and  thence  after  a  short  time,  alone,  to 
preach  the  Gospel  in  a  vast  tract  of  country 
which  no  missionary  had  yet  entered.  He  died 
in  the  spring  of  1724,  within  a  few  weeks  of  com- 
pleting his  7  Oth  year,  still  labouring  as  a  mission- 
ary though  he  had  seen  the  greater  part  of  his 
work  destroyed  by  the  Portuguese  in  their  at- 
tempts to  establish  themselves  on  the  Upper 
Amazon. 

Dr.  Edmundson  summarizes  and  explains  the 
contents  of  the  MS.  in  his  Introduction  and  supplies 
a  good  deal  of  illustrative  matter  in  the  appen- 
dixes. We  are  given  an  excellent  reproduction 
of  the  map  as  published  in  1707.  The  transla- 
tion runs  easily,  and  apart  from  its  value  to  the 
historian  and  the  geographer  this  volume,  both 
from  its  manner  and  its  matter,  should  attract 
also  those  who  read  chiefly  for  imaginative 
pleasure. 

The  Oxford  University  Press,  1468-1921.     ( Oxford, 

Clarendon  Press.     5s.  net.) 

THIS  beautifully  printed  and  illustrated  book 
should  certainly  find  a  place  on  the  shelves  of 
a  lover  of  Oxford.  There  is  a  strong  touch  of 
reclame  about  it :  but,  for  once,  this  admission 
need  not  be  derogatory,  for  both  in  its  history 
and  in  its  services  the  Oxford  Press  possesses 
the  right  to  speak  well  of  itself.  The  first  book 
printed  at  Oxford  bears  the  date  MCCCCLXVIII., 
but  this  is  agreed  to  be  an  error,  and  it  is  supposed 
that  an  "  x  "  has  dropped  out  from  the  true  figure, 
which  should  be  1478.  The  book  is  a  com- 
mentary on  the  Apostles'  Creed  attributed  to  St. 
Jerome.  For  sixty  years  or  so  in  the  sixteenth 
century  the  history  of  the  Oxford  Press  is  blank. 
Then  Leicester  revived  it ;  followed  in  time  by 
Laud,  Fell,  and  Clarendon.  It  is  needless  to 
remind  lovers  of  books  of  the  beauty  and  interest 
of  the  Fell  types,  of  which  specimens  are  given 
here.  There  are  also  excellent  reproductions 
of  early  title  pages,  wood-cuts,  oriental  types, 
headpieces  and  initials,  and  imprints  with,  to 
conclude,  a  very  curious  cut  of  a  supposed  "  ox- 
ford "  with  Osney  in  the  distance,  taken  from 
Hearne's  edition  of  Roper's  '  Life  of  More  ' 
(1716).  The  historical  sketch  is  followed  by 
sections — full  of  good  detail — on  the  Press  as 
it  is  to-day,  both  in  England  and  abroad,  and  on 
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CORRIGENDA. 

'  AN  EARLY  ROYAL  CHARTER  ' : — At  ante,  p.  242, 
col.  1,  line  19,  for  "castum"  read  castrum;  ibid., 
last  line,  for  "  suggestion  "  read  conjecture ;  p.  243, 
last  line  but  two  of  the  article,  for  "  Somerset " 
read  Wilts.  On  pp.  242-3,  omit  '  Testa  de  Nevil.' 
Precise  reference  mislaid. 

At  ante,  p.  228,  col.  1,  last  line,  for  "1864  "  read 
1684 ;  col.  2,  line  3,  for  "  Byland's  "  read  Ryland's  ; 
ibid.,  line  27,  for  "Holbeache"  read  Holbeech. 


12  S.  X.  APRIL  8,  1922.] 


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281 


LONDON,  APRIL  15,  1922. 


CONTENTS.— No.   209. 

NOTES  :— Sir  Samuel  Morland  and  Cromwell.  281—'  Gloucester 
Journal.'  1722-1922.  283— Whitefoord  of  that  Ilk  or  of 
Miltoun.  285— Judge  Jeffreys  and  Shakespeare  :  Lady  Ivy- 
Early  Fire-engines — Racing  Stable  Terms,  286 — Method 
of  Signalling,  287. 
' 

QUERIES  :— Carlings,  287 — Byron  Query — The  Cloptons  of 
Suffolk — William  Prodhome — "  Old  Nick  " — John  Hoppner's 
Grave — Sprusen's  Island — Temple  Fortune.  288— Murders  in 
Italy— Franklin — '  Peter  Simple ' :  Naval  Slang— Loftus— 
James  Atkinson.  M.D..  289— Robert  Burdett— Peter  Ducasse 
— Buried  Wine — McWhea— The  Width  of  Cheapside— 
Stevenson's  '  Virginibus  Puerisque ' — Lance  Calkin — Captain 
Skinner,  290. 

REPLIES  :— General  Nicholson's  Birthplace,  290— Mothering 
Sunday — "  Once  aboard  the  lugger,"  292 — The  "  Hand  and 
Pen  " — "  Southam  Cyder,"  293— The  Stepney  Manor  Lord- 
ship— The  Montfort  Families — Sermon  at  Paul's  Cross,  294 — 
The  "  Woe  Waters  "  of  Wharram — General  Cyrus  Trapaud — 
The  "Chalybeate"  Brighton— Pilate's  Wife— Bretel— Sir 
Thomas  Phillipps.  295 — Oldmixon — '  La  Santa  Parentela  '— 
Descendants  of  Richard  Penderell — The  Rev.  George  Sack- 
ville  Cotter — Watts  Phillips,  Dramatist,  Novelist  and  Artist, 
296— The  Countess  Guiccioli's '  Recollections  of  Lord  Byron  ' 
— Rhymed  History  of  England — Henry  Ellis  Boates — Henry 
Furnesse  (Furnese),  297 — Story  by  E.  A.  Poe  wanted — 
Authors  wanted,  298. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS:— 'The  Problem  of  Style '—' Place- 
names  of  the  Orange  Free  State  ' — '  Acts  of  the  Privy  Council 
of  England  '  (1613-1614) — '  Bacon  and  Shakespeare.' 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


SIR    SAMUEL    MORLAND   AND 
CROMWELL. 

I  THINK  it  will  be  as  well  to  complete 
the  story  of  the  Westenhanger  plot  against 
Charles  II.  by  explaining  a  muddled  account 
given  by  the  eighteenth- century  historian 
Eachard.  Eachard's  version  has  misled 
many  writers  and  has  had  the  effect  of  dis- 
crediting what,  after  all,  is  a  very  simple 
narrative.  Eachard  says  : — 

Cromwell  was  not  unacquainted  with  the 
design  and  motion  of  the  King  and  his  friends  and 
found  means  to  counterplot  them  in  all  their 
projects,  and,  from  the  time  that  the  three  Royal 
brothers  had  settled  themselves  at  Bruges,  he 
entered  upon  darker  designs  than  ever. 

Particularly  with  the  joint  conspiracy  of  his 
old  friend  Secretary  Thurloe  and  Sir  Richard 
Willis  was  formed  an  execrable  contrivance  that 
at  one  blow  should  ruin  and  in  a  manner  extirpate 
the  Royal  family.  This  was  to  send  over  proper 
messengers  to  Flanders  with  plausible  letters, 
to  invite  his  Majesty  to  come  over  in  a  single 
ship,  with  only  the  Dukes  of  York  and  Gloucester, 
his  brothers,  and  a  very  few  more,  to  a  certain  port 


in  Sussex,  upon  an  appointed  fixed  day,  where 
they  were  promised  to  be  received  and  supported 
by  five  hundred  foot  at  the  first  landing  and  two 
thousand  horse  within  one  day  after.  It  was 
likewise  determined  by  this  cabinet  council  that 
Sir  Richard  himself  should  contrive  and  manage 
these  letters  of  invitation,  in  which  the  matter 
was  to  be  urged  to  his  Majesty  as  the  most  hope- 
ful, if  not  certain,  plot  for  his  Restoration  ;  though, 
at  the  same  time,  the  real  design  and  resolution 
was  to  shoot  all  the  three  brothers  dead  at  their 
first  landing. 

The  whole  matter,  being  thus  formed  by  this 
triumvirate  in  Thurloe's  own  office,  was  un- 
expectedly overheard  by  Mr.  Samuel  Morland, 
the  present  under-secretary  to  Thurloe,  who  all 
the  while  counterfeited  himself  to  be  fast  asleep 
upon  a  desk,  not  far  off  in  that  office. 

Eachard  goes  on  to  add  that  Morland's 
French  wife  (Suzanne  de  Boissay)  had 
brought  over  her  husband  to  Charles  II. 's 
interest,  and  that  Morland  at  once  repaired 
to  the  Tower,  in  order  to  see  Major  Thomas 
Henshaw,  imprisoned  there  ;  and,  finally, 
adds  the  incredible  tale  that 

Mr.  Morland  being  in  a  publick  station  and 
altogether  unsuspected  to  the  Keepers  of  the 
Tower,  and  likewise  pretending  to  perform  some 
service  for  his  master,  Cromwell,  found  an  easy 
opportunity  for  Mr.  Henshaw,  in  company  tvith 
the  warder  himself  [of  all  things  in  the  world]  to 
go  over  and  give  the  King  such  an  account  of 
the  matter,  as  might  secure  him  from  future 
danger.  And,  to  defray  their  expenses,  he  gave 
each  of  them  a  hundred  broad  pieces  of  gold.  All 
this  was  managed  with  the  utmost  privacy  by 
Henshaw,  without  the  least  suspicion  by  the 
warder,  and  at  such  a  nice  juncture  of  time,  that 
the  King  and  his  brothers  had  a  very  narrow 
escape. 

Of  course  this  tale  reduces  all  to  utter 
nonsense,  and  it  only  remains  to  add  that 
Eachard  also  sets  out  a  letter,  purporting 
to  be  by  Samuel  Morland,  retracting  all 
his  charges  against  Sir  Richard  Willys. 
This  letter  was  obviously  a  forgery.  What 
can  be  said  of  the  eighteenth- century 
historians  who  printed  such  contradictory 
stories  as  this  ? 

Fortunately,  there  are  two  other  writers 
who  clear  the  matter  up.  There  is  an 
account  of  this  incident  in  the  '  Memoirs ' 
of  Dr.  James  Welwood  (ed.  1700,  pp. 
110-111),  physician  to  William  III.,  who 
knew  Morland.  The  passage  is  equally  well 
known,  but  I  will  repeat  it  before  giving 
an  explanation  of  it  by  Welwood,  which 
has  not  hitherto  been  known.  In  his 
'  Memoirs  '  Welwood  says  : — 

At  another  time,  the  protector  coming  late  at 
night  to  Thurloe's  office  and  beginning  to  give 
him  directions  about  something  of  great  im- 
portance and  secrecy,  he  took  notice  that  Mr. 
Morland,  one  of  the  clerks,  afterwards  Sir  Samuel 


282 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [»ax.A»nui«,i.M. 


Morland,  was  in  the  room,  which  he  had  not 
observed  before  and,  fearing  he  might  have 
overheard  their  discourse,  though  he  pretended 
to  be  asleep  upon  his  desk,  he  drew  a  ponyard, 
which  he  always  carried  under  his  coat,  and 
was  going  to  despatch  Morland  upon  the  spot  ; 
if  Thurloe  had  not,  with  great  entreaties,  pre- 
vailed with  him  to  desist,  assuring  him  that 
Morland  had  sat  up  two  nights  together  and  was 
now  certainly  asleep. 

There  was  not  the  smallest  accident  that  befell 
King  Charles  the  Second  in  his  exile,  but  he  knew 
it  perfectly  well ;  insomuch  that  having  given 
leave  to  an  English  nobleman  to  travel,  upon 
condition  he  should  not  see  Charles  Stuart,  he 
asked  him  at  his  return,  if  he  had  punctually 
obeyed  his  commands.  Which  the  other  affirming 
that  he  had,  Cromwell  replied  :  '«  It's  true  you 
did  not  see  him  ;  for,  to  keep  your  word  with  me, 
you  agreed  to  meet  in  the  dark,  the  candles  being 
put  out  to  that  end."  And,  withall,  told  him  all 
the  particulars  that  passed  in  conversation  be- 
twixt the  King  and  him  at  their  meeting. 

On  the  face  of  it,  it  would  not  seem  that 
these  two  paragraphs  relate  to  one  and  the 
same  matter,  yet  we  have  another  account 
from  Welwood  which  clears  up  the  whole 
story  and  proves  that  they  did. 

No  writer  has  hitherto  drawn  attention 
to  the  fact  that  James  Welwood,  M.D., 
physician  to  William  III.,  and,  of  course, 
a  pronounced  Whig,  was  also  a  journalist, 
and  therefore  I  must  give  the  proofs  of  this 
fact.  On  May  15,  1689,  the  first  number 
of  Mercurius  Reformatus  ;  or,  The  New  06- 
servator,  was  issued.  There  were  four 
volumes  of  this  periodical  published  by 
Dorman  Newman,  and  the  last,  the  fifth 
volume,  was  published  in  1691  by  Richard 
Baldwin,  and  contained  an  "  Appendix " 
(see  '  The  Times  Tercentenary  Handlist  of 
English  and  Welsh  Newspapers').  There 
are  the  following  references  to  this  perio- 
dical in  the  Journals  of  the  House  of 
Commons  under  the  dates  cited: — 

9  Nov.,  1691.  Mercurius  Reformatus  com- 
plained of  and  Baldwin  the  printer  and  the 
author  sent  for.  The  complaint  was  that  the 
periodical  reflected  "  on  the  proceedings  of  the 
House,  in  breach  of  the  privileges  thereof." 

21  Nov.,  1691.  Baldwin  appeared,  confessed 
that  Dr.  Welwood  was  the  author  and  was  repri- 
manded and  discharged. 

27  Nov.,  1691.  Petition  of  James  Welwood 
read. 

30  Nov.,  1691.  Dr.  Welwood  reprimanded 
and  discharged. 

The  actual  matter  of  complaint  does  not 
appear,  and  the  point  to  which  I  wish  to 
draw  attention  is  that  the  "Appendix" 
to  vol.  v.  is  stated  to  be  "  By  the  same 
author,"  and  was  published  in  1692.  It, 
therefore,  was  the  work  of  Welwood,  and 
on  pp.  3  and  4  he  therein  amplifies  the 


incident  described  in  the  two  passages  I 
have  quoted  from  his  '  Memoirs,'  as 
follows  : — - 

There  was  a  gentleman  employed  by  Cromwell 
as  a  spy  about  the  King,  who  had  the  wit  and 
dexterity  to  get  into  his  most  secret  transactions 
and  (as  he  was  wont  afterwards  to  say  himself) 
into  his  very  heart  In  this  unsuspected  and  un- 
limited intimacy  did  he  continue  for  some  y^ars 
about  the  King  ;  and  might  have  done  it  longer, 
if  an  unexpected  accident  joined  to  a  piece  of 
inadvertency  in  Cromwell  had  not  occasioned 
the  period  of  his  intrigue  and  life  together. 
Which  was  thus. 

The  late  Duke  of  Richmond,  having  for  a  con- 
siderable time  preserved  himself  in  the  good 
opinion  of  the  protector,  begg'd  leave  at  length 
to  make  a  step  over  sea,  for  his  health  and 
diversion,  as  he  pretended.  Cromwell  agreed 
to  his  request,  but  with  this  condition,  "  That 
he  should  not  see  his  cousin,  Charles  Stuart," 
as  he  was  pleased  to  call  the  King.  The  Duke 
coming  to  Brussels,  and  being  resolved  to  wait 
upon  his  Prince,  and  withall,  to  save  his  credit 
with  Cromwell,  was  introduced  in  the  most  secret 
manner  several  tunes  to  the  King,  in  the  dark. 
At  his  return  Cromwell  pretended  to  ask  the 
Duke,  only  in  jest,  if  he  had  been  with  Charles 
Stuart.  Who,  answering  him,  that  he  had 
never  seen  him,  the  other  replied,  in  a  passion, 
"  It  was  no  wonder,  for  the  candles  ware  put  out." 
This  unexpected  answer  put  the  Duke  of  Rich- 
mond to  write  to  the  King  that  he  must  needs 
be  betrayed  by  some  in  the  greatest  intimacy 
about  him  ;  and,  at  last,  the  traytor  was  acci- 
dentally discovered  in  the  very  moment  he  was 
writing  to  Cromwell  an  account  of  the  Duke  of 
Richmond's  letter  to  the  King,  and  was  thereupon 
shot  to  death  upon  the  place. 

Thus  for  the  first  part  of  Welwood 's 
story,  and  before  continuing  it  I  should 
draw  attention  to  the  corroboration  given 
by  the  regicide  Ludlow  in  his  '  Memoirs  ' 
(ed.  1894,  ii.,  pp.  41-42).  Ludlow  does 
not  give  the  name  of  the  nobleman  in 
question,  but  states  that  the  spy  was  Man- 
ning, who  was  shot  by  permission  of  the 
Duke  of  Neuberg.  This  event  happened 
in  1655,  four  years  beforethe  Westenhanger 
incident. 

Welwood  goes  on  to  complete  his  story  : — 
It's  more  than  tune  to  shut  up  this  subject, 
and  yet  I  know  not  but  the  reader  may  forgive  me 
to  mention  further,  a  remarkable  passage  that 
hapn'd  upon  this  reply  of  Cromwell's  to  the  Duke 
of  Richmond  ;  which  as  it  was  never  yet  com- 
mitted to  print,  for  anything  I  know,  so  it  carries 
with  it  one  of  the  truest  ideas  we  can  ever  attain 
of  that  great  man's  character.  Scarce  was  the 
discourse  I  mentioned  betwixt  Cromwell  and  the 
Duke  of  Richmond  ended,  but  the  first  found  he 
had  made  a  dangerous  mistake,  in  letting  the 
Duke  know  how  much  he  was  acquainted  with 
King  Charles's  secrets,  and  thereby  exposing  his 
spy  to  the  narrowest  enquiry  could  be  made  upon 
it.  The  fear  of  this,  obliged  him  to  go  strait  to 


,' s.x.  APRIL  is,  1922.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


283 


Secretary  Thurlo's  chamber,  tho'  then  very  late  ;  : 
where,  with  the  greatest  concern  of  mind,  he  told  j 
him  what  a  wrong  step  he  had  made,  in  his 
•discourse  with  Richmond,  and  how  much  he 
feared  the  person  he  employed  as  his  spy  about  the 
King  (naming  him  at  the  same  time)  might  run  j 
the  hazard  of  being  discovered  through  so  un- 
lucky a  piece  of  inadvertence.  When  Cromwell 
first  came  in,  he  had  both  enquired  and  was  told 
by  Thurlo,  there  was  nobody  but  them  two  in 
the  room.  But  while  Cromwell  was  walking  up 
and  down  in  the  chamber,  in  the  restlessness 
of  mind  this  affair  had  put  him  in,  he  espies  one  of 
Thurlo's  clerks  sitting  in  a  sleeping  posture  at  a 
writing  desk  in  a  little  closet  off  the  end  of  the 
room  ;  who,  indeed,  Thurlo  had  forgot  was  there. 
Cromwell,  fearing  this  young  man  might  have 
heard  what  had  passed  betwixt  him  and  Thurlo 
and  thereby  have  come  to  know  the  name  of  his 
spy  in  Brussels,  instantly  pulls  out  a  dagger 
(which  he  wore,  for  the  most  part,  under  his 
doublet)  with  a  design  to  kill  him  dead  on  the 
spot,  had  not  Thurlo,  with  great  importunity, 
dissuaded  him  from  it,  by  assuring  him  it  was 
next  to  an  impossibility  that  the  young  man  could 
hear  what  he  had  spoke,  by  reason  of  the  lowness 
of  his  voice  and,  withall,  that  having  sat  up  late 
some  four  days  before,  all  of  them  together, 
without  rest,  it  was  to  be  supposed  he  was  then 
fast  a3leep  all  the  time  of  their  discourse.  Thus 
did  that  person  escape  and  lives  in  England  to 
this  day,  who  confesses  he  heard  all  that  passed 
betwixt  Cromwell  and  Thurlo  at  that  time,  but 
used  that  artifice  to  deceive  so  jealous  a  master 
and  save  his  own  life. 

Sir  Samuel  Morland  died  in  London  in  j 
1695,  so  that  it  is  fairly  evident  that  Wei- 1 
wood  was  very  much  better  informed  than  | 
Eachard,  who  was  a  country  clergyman  I 
and  did  not  publish  the  volume  in  question  j 
of  his  history  until  1718.  J.  G.  M. 


'GLOUCESTER  JOURNAL,'   1722-1922. 
(See  12  S.  x.  261.) 

SHORTLY  before  the  death  of  Robert  Raikes 
the  elder,  his  son  had  assumed  the  manage- 
ment, as  his  name  is  appended  to  a  notice 
(July  4,  1757)  intimating  a  change  in  price 
from  2d.  to  2%d.,  in  consequence  of  an  in- 
crease in  the  duties  on  papers  and  advertise- 
ments. 

The  first  exact  knowledge  we  have  of  the 
earlier  days  of  Robert  Raikes  the  younger 
is  the  entry  in  the  school  register  of  the 
King's  School  (the  Cathedral  School), 
Gloucester,  where  he  is  described  under  the 
year  1750,  old  style  (i.e.,  1751)  as 

Bobertus  Raikes  Annorum  14  J  Feb  :  16. 

Dom  :  Roberti  Raikes  de  Civitate  Glouc :  ffilius. 

Dr.  Glasse  (Gentleman's  Magazine,  1788, 
Iviii.,  Pt.  1.,  p.  12)  says  that 

The  education  which  this  excellent  man  re- 
ceived was  liberal,  and  well  adapted  to  his  future 


designation.  At  a  proper  time  of  life  he  was 
initiated  into  the  employment  of  his  father,  which 
was  not  limited  to  the  business  of  a  journalist, 
but  extended  itself  to  other  branches  of  typo- 
graphy :  and,  though  I  will  not  compliment  my 
hero  by  comparing  his  literary  attainments  with 
those  of  a  Bowyer  or  a  Franklin,  yet  I  can  venture 
to  pronounce,  that  he  entered  on  his  line  of  busi- 
ness with  acquirements  superior  to  the  nature  of 
his  employment ;  which,  however,  has  always 
been  considered,  when  conducted  by  men  of 
science  and  education,  as  very  respectable  ;  and 
in  which  he  is  not  less  remarkable  for  his  accuracy, 
than  he  is  for  his  fidelity  and  integrity  in  every 
part  of  his  conduct. 

In  August,  1758,  the  offices  had  been  re- 
moved to  Southgate  Street,  where  the  paper 
was  published  until  1802.  In  1762  (April 
12)  the  publishing  day  was  changed  from 
Tuesday  to  Monday,  which  was  continued 
for  over  sixty  years.  .By  1763  the  type- 
measure  had  been  increased  to  15£  by  10, 
and  on  April  4  the  page  was  divided  into 
four  columns  instead  of  three,  a  change 
announced  by  the  editor  in  verse,  which 
begins  : — 

It  is  agreed — the  question's  o'er, 

From  columns  three,  I'm  changed  to  four. 

At  this  time  the  revenue  derived  from  the 
advertisements  and  sale  of  "  quack " 
medicines  must  have  been  considerable,  and 
supplements  were  issued  entitled 

CATALOGUE  of  MEDICINES  SOLD,  Wholesale  and 
Retail,  At  the  Printing-Office  in  Glocester,  with 
authentic  Certificates  of  the  great  Cures  by  them 
performed. 

This  contains  cures  for  many  ills,  among 
which  are  "  The  so-much-famed  Hypo- 
Drops,  For  Lowness  of  Spirits."  Other 
supplements  were  frequently  printed  giving 
dispatches  from  the  London  Gazette,  and  in 
1773  there  was  a  series  entitled  *  The 
Miscellany' — "given  gratis  occasionally" 
— in  which  Raikes's  enterprise  is  shown  by 
reports  of  performances  at  Co  vent  Garden  and 
Drury  Lane  theatres.  Important  debates  in 
Parliament  on  such  matters  as  the  Thirty - 
nine  Articles  (two  issues  were  devoted  to 
this),  extracts  from  political  pamphlets, 
articles  on  "  The  means  of  procuring  Plenty 
of  Provisions  " — in  which  it  is  interesting 
to  see  that  small  holdings  were  advocated 
—  and  other  subjects  of  public  moment 
were  discussed. 

The  editorship  of  Robert  Raikos  is  dis- 
tinguished by  his  efforts  to  introduce 
better  conditions  in  the  life  of  those  less 
fortunately  placed.  In  1761  he  supported 
an  appeal  made  for  marriage  portions  for 
girls  of  good  character,  in  1768  he  took 
up  the  cause  of  the  prisoners  in  Gloucester 


284 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


.  x.  APRIL  is,  1922. 


Gaol,  and  in  1783  began  his  campaign  for 
the  promotion  of  Sunday  schools  in  the 
country.  Attention  was  attracted  to  each 
of  these  by  means  of  his  notices  in  the 
Gloucester  Journal  and  the  influence  which 
thus  resulted. 

In  1776  (July  8),  the  price  of  the  paper 
was  raised  to  3d.,  in  1789  (Aug.  3)  to 
3%d.  For  the  first  time  for  more  than  60 
years  the  price  was  again  printed,  appearing 
after  the  imprint  on  the  back  page.  In 
1793  (April  15)  the  number  of  columns 
was  increased  from  four  to  five  and  the 
type-measure  of  the  page  to  18|  by  13, 
and  in  consequence  the  editor  raised  the 
price  (April  22)  to  4cL  and  this  was  printed 
on  the  date-line  below  the  title  for  the  first 
time.  In  1797  the  Stamp  Duty  was  again 
increased  and  the  harassed  editor  was 
obliged  to  charge  (July  10)  Qd.  On  April 
12,  1802,  Raises,  being  then  67,  issued  his 
farewell  notice  to  his  customers  in  the  form 
of  an  address,  where,  curiously  enough,  he 
speaks  of  the  paper  having  been  established 
in  1721.  The  first  paragraph,  as  an  example 
of  the  expression  of  the  time,  is  worth 
printing  : — 

THE  Property  of  the  GLOUCESTER  JOURNAL 
being  immediately  to  be  transferred  to  another 
Person,  B.  RAIKES,  with  the  deepest  Sense  of 
grateful  Respect,  begs  Leave  to  make  his  Acknow- 
ledgements for  the  distinguished  Favour  by  which, 
from  its  commencement,  in  One  Thousand  Seven 
Hundred  and  Twenty-One,  it  has  been  uniformly 
honoured.  The  candid  Interpretation  of  his 
Conduct  which  he  has  on  all  Occasions  ex- 
perienced, must  ever  inspire  Feelings  of  peculiar 
Obligation ;  nor  can  he  cease  to  cherish  the 
nattering  Remembrance  of  the  Support  he  owes 
to  Characters  of  the  first  Consideration,  no  less 
than  to  the  Community  in  general. 

It  is  said  that  Raikes  received  an  annuity 
of  £500  on  the  joint  lives  of  himself  and  his 
wife  (d.  1828),  the  value  of  the  business 
being  placed  at  £1,500  a  year.  The  annuity 
is  also  said  to  have  been  £300.  Raikes 
died  suddenly  on  April  5,  1811,  leaving 
two  sons,  neither  of  whom  had  entered  the 
business.  With  his  retirement  the  first 
period  of  ownership  of  80  years  terminated. 

PART  II.  THE  WALKER  FAMILY  (1802-1871 ). 
The  Gloucester  Journal  was  sold  to  David 
Walker,  who  had  for  many  years  printed 
the  Hereford  Journal,  and  his  name  appears 
for  the  first  time  on  the  issue  of  April  19, 
1802.  Shortly  after  the  office  was  removed 
to  Westgate  Street,  and  for  over  90  years 
the  paper  was  published  from  that  address. 
In  1809  the  new  owner  was  obliged,  in  con- 
sequence of  "a  prodigious  increase  in  the 


cost  of  paper,  as  well  as  in  the  materials 
of  printing,"  to  increase  the  price  of  the 
Journal  (June  12)  from  Qd.  to  Q^d.  David 
Walker  soon  began  to  improve  the  appear- 
ance of  the  paper,  and  on  Dec.  31,  1810,  gave 
notice  that  the  following  week's  paper 
would  be  printed  "with  beautiful  New  Types, 
from  the  celebrated  Foundery  of  Messrs. 
Wilson  of  Glasgow,"  and  the  issue  of  Jan. 
7,  1811,  was  also  embellished  with  a  new 
heading,  the  first  real  change  since  1754. 
At  this  date  the  paper  was  made  tip  of 
12|  columns  of  advertisements  and  7£  of 
general  news.  On  Jan.  30,  1814,  the  price 
was  printed  for  the  first  time  in  Arabic 
figures  instead  of  in  words.  The  year  of 
Waterloo  saw  the  climax  in  the  price  of  the 
paper,  for  on  Sept.  4,  1815,  it  was  raised 
to  Id.,  which  continued  for  twenty-one  years. 
In  1816  David  Walker  took  into  partner- 
ship his  two  sons,  Alexander  and  David 
Mowbray  Walker,  the  latter  of  whom  was 
destined  to  do  much  for  the  reputation  of 
the  Journal. 

The  fourth,  and  last,  change  in  the  day 
of  issue  took  place  in  1826,  and  on  July  1 
the  paper,  was  issued  on  Saturday.  David 
Walker  died  Feb.  15,  1831,  aged  71,  his  sons 
succeeding  him  as  owners. 

In  1835  (April  11),  the  next  chief  enlarge- 
ment of  the  Journal  took  place,  the  columns 
being  increased  to  six  and  the  type-measure 
to  24in.  by  18J,  which  was  necessitated 
owing  to  the  success  of  the  paper,  and,  in 
the  editor's  words,  "  to  that  thirst  for  in- 
formation which  seems  now  to  be  daily 
increasing."  Early  in  the  year  may  be 
noticed  a  new  development  in  expressions 
of  editorial  opinion  on  political  affairs, 
and  the  short  comments  which  were  at 
first  printed  quickly  grew  into  our  recognized 
"  leaders." 

The  first  reduction  in  price  made  for  over 
114  years  was  announced  on  Sept.  10,  1836, 
the  next  week's  issue  being  5d.  instead  of  Id. 

The  senior  partner,  Alexander  Walker, 
died  May  26,  1838,  and  his  brother,  David 
Mowbray  Walker,  became  sole  proprietor. 
At  this  time  the  circulation  of  the  Journal 
was  stated  to  be  an  average  of  just  over 
2,000  a  week.  In  1845  (Oct.  4),  the  paper 
was  printed  on  a  sheet  measuring  27 £ 
by  21£,  with  seven  columns  to  the  page, 
an  awkward  size.  The  repeal  of  the  Stamp 
Act  in  1855  enabled  the  copies  not  sent  by 
post  to  be  sold  at4d.,  and  in  1861  (Oct.  19), 
this  was  reduced  to  3d.  In  1870  stamped 
copies  were  charged  3%d.  On  Oct.  26, 


12  S.X.APKIL  is,  1922.3        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


285 


1861,  the  paper  was  enlarged  to  more  or 
less  its  present  form,  consisted  of  eight 
pages  of  six  columns  each,  and  commenced 
the  publication  of  full  reports  of  local 
occurrences. 

PART  III.  THE  CHANCE  FAMILY  (1872-1922). 

In  1871  came  the  second  break  in  the 
family  ownership,  ended  by  the  sudden 
death,  on  July  7,  of  David  Mowbray  Walker, 
who  for  55  years  had  been  so  closely  con- 
nected with  the  management  of  the  Journal, 
and  the  paper  was  carried  on  until  the 
end  of  the  year  by  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Walker, 
when  it  became  the  property  of  Thomas 
Henry  Chance,  who  had  had  a  full  experience 
of  journalism  and  the  printing  trade.  He 
enlarged  the  scope  of  the  paper  by  intro- 
ducing several  new  features  and  made  it  a 
force,  especially  on  the  political  side,  in  the 
city  and  county.  In  1879  (Jan.  4)  it  was 
enlarged  to  a  form  which  gave  extra  space 
of  about  12  columns.  Then  Samuel 
Bland,  who  had  in  1876  founded  in 
Gloucester  a  daily  paper  called  The  Citizen, 
joined  Mr.  Chance,  and  two  other  papers- — 
the  Gloucester  Mercury  and  The  Forester — • 
were  purchased  and  eventually  (1884) 
merged  with  the  Journal.  On  Jan.  3,  1885, 
the  price  was  reduced  to  \%d.  In  1889 
a  third  partner,  Harry  Godwin  Chance, 
M.A.,  was  taken  into  the  firm  and  he  assumed 
the  acting  editorship,  a  position  which  in  a 
few  years  became  permanent  and  has  been 
retained  by  him  to  the  present  time.  The 
office  was  removed  for  the  last  time  in  1893, 
and  on  June  3  the  paper  was  published 
from  St.  John's  Lane.  On  Jan.  2,  1897, 
the  price  was  reduced  to  Id.,  the  paper  was 
enlarged,  and  printed  on  rotary  machines 
from  stereotyped  plates.  Within  a  few 
years  two  of  the  partners  died,  Samuel 
Bland  on  April  11,  1903,  and  Thomas 
Henry  Chance  on  May  10,  1906. 

There  remains  little  to  chronicle.  In 
1907  (Jan.  5)  the  paper  was  enlarged  to 
twelve  pages  of  seven  columns  ;  in  1914 
The  Cheltenham  Examiner  (established  July 
17,  1839)  was  absorbed  ;  and  in  1920  the 
business  was  formed  into  a  limited  company. 

That  the  paper  is  carried  on  so  vigorously 
is  a  tribute  to  the  traditions  which  have 
been  handed  on  from  editor  to  editor,  and 
at  no  time  in  its  history  has  it  been  more 
prosperous  than  the  year  which  completes 
its  bicentenary. 

A  special  issue,  with  a  full  history  of  the 
Journal  from  1722  and  a  facsimile  of  No.  1, 


from  the  only  copy  known,  is  being  pub- 
lished, and  a  brochure  will  be  issued  with 
additional  information. 

ROLAND  AUSTIN. 
Gloucester. 


WHITEFOORD  OF   THAT  ILK  OR 

OF  MILTOUN:    WHITEFOORD   OF 

BLAQUHAN. 

(See  12  S.  x.  108,  153,  243.) 

IN -1887,  the  representative  of  Caleb  White- 
foord,  son  of  Colonel  Charles  of  the  Blaqu- 
han  family,  called  my  attention  to  a  note 
by  S.  S.in  the  1880  volume  of  The  Genealo- 
gist, which  is  probably  the  most  recent 
account  of  the  Whitefoord  families.  This 
is  not  a  very  satisfying  contribution,  either 
as  a  collation  of  the  works  mentioned  at  the 
last  reference  or  as  a  continuation  of  the 
pedigrees  to  our  own  times.  The  writer 
seems  to  assume  that  when  Whitefoord  of 
Whitefoord  parted  with  that  estate  before 
the  Restoration  the  title  of  "  Whitefoord," 
or  "of  that  ilk,"  passed  to  Whitefoord  of 
Blaquhan ;  which,  even  by  the  most  in- 
dulgent exercise  of  courtesy,  could  not 
happen  while  the  line  of  Miltoun  survived, 
and  if  and  when  that  line  had  been  proved 
to  be  extinct,  a  claim  to  use  it  would  have 
been  very  far-fetched.  The  writer  also 
makes  very  poor  use  of  Paterson's  'Ayrshire  ' 
in  the  chronological  data  of  the  life  of  the 
first  baronet,  Sir  Adam,  whose  death  he 
very  roughly  dates,  although  Paterson 
afforded  good  proof  that  he  died  on  Feb.  2, 
1728, 

which  year  the  Town  Council  of  Ayr  ordain  the 
representative  of  Sir  Adam  Whitefoord  of  Blair- 
quhan*  to  pay  two  dollars  for  the  privilege  of 
having  the  bells  rung  at  the  transportation  of  the- 
corps  from  his  lodgings  to  the  new  Church  of  Ayr. 

Again,  Sir  Adam  must  have  been  married 
long  before  1715,  as  S.  S.  might  have  inferred 
from  his  own  account  of  the  appointments 
held  by  three  of  the  elder  sons,  not  to. 
mention  the  specific  date  of  the  baptisms 
of  a  fourth  or  fifth,  on  Jan,  1,  1708.  If 
this  last  date  be  compared  with  that  of 
Barbara's  baptism  given  at  the  last  refer- 
ence, July  29,  1707,  it  will  be  seen  that 
Sir  Adam  of  Blaquhan  and  Sir  John  of 
Miltoun  were  both  bringing  children  to  the 
font  within  a  period  of  six  months,  and  we 
may  feel  certain  that  the  first  baronet  of 
Blaquhan  did  not  call  himself  of  Whitefoord. 


So  spelt  by  all  old  writers. 


286 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       r  12  s.x.  APRIL  is,  1022. 


That  the  last  baronet,  the  Sir  John  of  Burns, 
did  not  do  so,  a  second  letter  from  Cleghorn 
sufficiently  shows  : — 

Cleghorn,  April  20,  1790. 

Sir, — I  received  your  favour  of  the  J7th  en- 
quiring into  the  connection  of  this  family  with 
Barbara  Whitefoord.  About  three  weeks  ago  I 
xmderstood  from  Mr.  Bertram  of  Nisbet  your 
desire,  and  made  out  an  extract  from  this  family's 
papers,  and  gave  it  to  him  to  send  you,  but  if  any 
accident  or  miscarriage  has  prevented  yourreceit 
of  it,  please  inform  me  &  I  will  make  out  another 
Copy  and  send  you. 

Sir  John  Whitefoord  will  certainly  find  in  his 
family  papers  if  any  of  his  Predecessors  bore  the 
title  of  Whitefoord  of  that  ilk  or  of  Miltoun,  as  it  is 
expressed  in  this  family  paper  of  mine,  and  likewise 
in  the  Escutcheons  of  this  family.  I  think  it 
would  be  proper  that  the  paper  I  have  sent  you  be 
communicated  to  Sir  John,  as  it  may  help  to 
lead  his  enquiries,  upon  the  result  of  which  I  will 
be  nappy  to  hear  from  you  or  Mr.  Blair  the  rela- 
tions I  have  by  that  connection. 

I  am,  Dear  Sir,  your  most  obedt  Servt. 

ALL  :  LOCKHART. 

To  Robert  Adlan,  Esq., 

Sun  Fire  Office,  Edinburgh. 

From  which  it  appears  that  Blaquhan  himself 
was  seeking  information  as  to  the  bearers 
of  the  name  of  Whitefoord  ;  and  now,  as 
then,  anything  more  than  is  to  be  found 
in  the  works  mentioned  above  must  come 
from  imprinted  records.  A.  T.  M. 


JUDGE  JEFFREYS  AND  SHAKESPEARE  : 
LADY  IVY. — I  cannot  say  I  have  searched 
the  Shakespeare  allusion  books,  but  the 
following  evidence  that  the  great  Judge 
Jeffreys  had  read  'I.  Henry  IV.'  seems 
likely  to  have  escaped  notice. 

In  the  Lady  Ivy's  trial  for  great  part  of 
Shadwell,  1684  ('  State  Trials,'  8vo.  ed., 
x.  570),  we  read  : — 

L.  C.  J.  :  Ask  him  what  questions  you  will ; 
but  if  he  should  swear  as  long  as  Sir  John  Falstaff 
fought,  I  would  never  believe  a  word  he  says. 
A  propos  of  which  I  should  be  very  grate- 
ful for  information  as  to  what  became  of 
the  Lady  Ivy,  against  whom,  after  this 
trial,  an  information  for  forgery  was  issued. 
The  '  State  Trials  '  are  silent  on  this  point. 

M.  R.  JAMES. 

EARLY  FIRE-ENGINES. — In  The  Balkan 
News,  Salonica,  Wednesday,  Aug.  22,  1917, 
is  an  account  of  the  great  fire  which  broke 
out  there  on  Saturday,  Aug.  18.  The 
writer,  H.  C.  Owen,  states  : — 

To  combat  the  fire  in  this  quarter  were  a  few 
ancient  boxes  misnamed  fire-engines,  worked  by 
handles,  one  of  them  marked  "  Sun  Fire  Offic^, 
]  710,"  and  it  must  certainly  have  been  the  original 
model. 


The  writer  is  correct  in  that  it  was  an  early 
engine,  as  this  company  was,  I  think, 
founded  in  1710. 

I  do  not  think  that  there  would  be  much 
difficulty  in  obtaining  from  the  office  of  the 
company  a  note  stating  to  whom  the  engine 
was  first  delivered.  Many  years  ago  I 
had  one  of  the  old  metal  house  badges,  with 
number  below.  The  company  told  me  it 
was  issued  on  a  certain  date  in,  I  think, 
the  middle  of  the  eighteenth  century  to  a 
certain  person.  H.  SOUTH  AM. 

Loxley  House,   Woking. 

RACING  STABLE  TERMS. — Some  years  ago 
when  living  at  the  famous  Hambleton 
(Yorks)  training  stables  (and  later  at 
Middleham)  I  compiled  a  list  of  technical 
terms.  I  came  across  this  the  other  day 
and  thought  the  following  of  sufficient 
interest  to  preserve  by  insertion  in 
'  N.  &  Q.'  :— 

ASKING  THE  QUESTION.  A  trial  of  speed  and 
staying  powers  in  which  all  (or  certain)  of 
the  horses  taking  part  in  the  gallop  are  really 
"  asked  "  what  they  can  do.  A  trial,  the 
result  of  which  will  be  seriously  noted,  as 
contradistinctiye  to  a  mere  "  rough  up " 
gallop,  which  is  only  to  a  certain  extent  a 
guide  to  the  trainer  as  to  the  respective 
merits  of  the  horses  under  his  charge. 
COSH.  The  training  stable  (and  jockey's)  term 
for  any  stick,  whip,  or  cane  carried  on  horse- 
back. 

DOLLS.  Hurdles  placed  across  certain  gallops 
to  close  them  to  horses  and  horsemen  for  a 
time ;  or  hurdles  used  to  mark  certain  turns 
on  a  course  or  on  "  gallops  "  (i.e.,  training 
grounds).  Correct  pronunciation  doles. 
DONE  UP.  The  conclusion  of  "  stable  time," 
when  the  horses  have  been  "  bedded  down," 
the  straw  at  the  edges  plaited  and  "  set  fair." 
To  be  "  done  up  "  is  to  be  ready  for  the  head 
lad  to  come  round  after  feeding  and  lock 
the  boxes  up. 

FIRST  LOT,  SECOND  LOT,  AND  so  ON.  The  string 
of  horses  taken  out  before  breakfast 
(the  first  string)  is  called  "  the  first  lot,"  and 
so  on. 

GOOD  T  ING.  A  racing  certainty — which  cer- 
tainties, when  they  fail  to  materialize,  are 
referred  to  as  "  a  good  thing  come  undone." 
HALF-SPEED  GALLOP.  A  gallop  in  which  horses 
are  not "  fully  extended."  Training  "  work  " 
which  is  faster  than  an  ordinary  canter. 
JADY.  A  horse  which  is  not  necessarily  a  "  slug  " 
but  is  "  humoury  "  (not  to  be  confused  with 
"humours"),  and  liable  to  "go  off"  after 
reaching  the  top  of  its  form.  A  moody 
animal,  one  which  at  times  does  not  "  go  into 
its  bit  "  and  requires  urging  on  (riding  with 
the  hands  or  giving  a  reminder  or  two  with 
the  "cosh").  Shakespeare  us^s  this  word, 
as  do  most  of  the  old  writers  on  horse  manage- 
ment. 


12  S.  X.  APRIL  15.  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


287 


JUMP  IN.  A  horse  which  is  only  able  to  gallop  (i.e., 
"  useful  "  over)  a  certain  distance,  or  is  not 
required  to  run  in  races  over  that  distance, 
is  often  kept  at  some  point  on  the  training 
ground  and  "  jumps  in "  with  the  other 
horses  (which  have  been  galloped  farther) 
and  leads  them  for  the  conclusion  of  the 
distance. 

JUMP    OFF    AND    GO    ALL    THE    WAY.       To    start    at 

the  same  moment  as  other  horses  and  keep 
with  them  over  the  whole  of  a  certain  dis- 
tance. 

KIP.     The  stable-boy's  term  for  bed. 

NAPPY  ("  A  BIT  ").  A  horse  which  is  inclined  to 
"  put  in  "  an  unexpected  "  buck,"  or  "fly 
jump  "  ;  an  animal  of  uncertain  tempera- 
ment which  requires  "  watching  a  bit,"  and 
a  boy  on  him  who  can  "  sit  tight  "  when 
occasion  demands. 

NIGGLING.  The  manual  acts  of  the  rider  of  a 
horse  by  which  he  conveys  his  desires.  To 
niggle  at  a  horse  is  the  opposite  to  "  sitting 
still,"  and  means  that  the  rider  is  asking 
his  animal  to  make  an  increased  effort. 
This  same  "  niggling  "  is  one  of  the  greatest 
arts  in  horsemanship  and  a  part  of  the 
mysterious  power  (given  to  few)  to  "  ride 
with  their  hands." 

PIPE-OPENER.  A  gallop  given  to  horses  which 
are  gross- — "  fat  in  their  insides,"  a  little 
short  of  "  work." 

PLATER  (USUALLY  PREFACED  BY  "  ONLY  A  "). 
A  horse  with  no  pretensions  of  winning 
any  but  small  selling  plates. 

PORT  AND  CAVE.  An  animal  which  shows  ner- 
vousness or  impatience  to  be  "  off  "  or  at 
feeding-time  by  scraping  the  ground  with 
its  fore-feet  is  said  to  "  port  and  cave." 

QUARTERED.  The  term  applied  to  the  brushing 
of  the  hair  contrary  to  its  natural  "  lay  " 
on  a  horse's  quarters  into  stars  or  other 
diagrams. 

ROOST.     To  "  set  about  "   a  horse,  to    "  roost  " 
him,  is  to  use  the  "  cosh  "  freely  on  a  lazy 
or  refractory  animal  which  "  will  not  put  all  i 
in." 

SAID  HIS  PIECE.  An  animal  which  has  shot  its 
bolt  and,  so  far  as  winning  a  race  or  trial  is 
concerned,  is  "  out  of  the  picture."  The 
expression  probably  originates  from  a  child 
having  said  its  piece  (i.e.,  poem)  and  con- 
cluded his  or  her  part  of  an  entertainment. 

STONE  COLD.  A  horse  which  either  during  o« 
at  the  end  of  a  gallop  has  obviously  "  said 
its  piece."  One  frequently  hears  both ' 
stable-boys  and  jockeys  say,  "  Mine  was 
stone  cold  before  1  got  to  the  distance,"  or 
"  I  had  .  .  .  stone  cold  before  we'd  gone 
four  furlongs." 

STRIPPED.     To  strip  a  horse  is  to  take  off  his 
clothing,  either  in  his  box  or  before  a  gallop. 
G^ntlf  exorcise  wdrk  is  done  with  hoods  and  ! 
qua1  ter-pieces   on,   but   when   hors<«s   are   to 
be   '  asked  the  question  "  they  are  stripped. 

TACK.     Bridles,    saddles     and     martingales     ait- 
call'  d      tack."     Stable-boys  speak  of  cl'-an-i 
ing  thei   tack.     They  of  ten"  refer  also  to  their 
giooming     kit     (body-brush,     dandy-brush, 
wisp  and  rubber)  as    "  tack  "  or  "  tackle."  j 


In  Yorkshire  both  are  frequently  spoken  of 
as  "  gear  " — an  old  word  for  horse  furni- 
ture and  domestic  goods. 

USEFUL  (USUALLY  PREFACED  BY  "A  BIT").  A 
horse  of  which  something  is  expected  ;  an 
animal  which  either  "  at  home  "  or  in  public 
(i.e.,  on  the  race-course)  has  shown  some 
form  and  a  turn  of  speed.  Such  an  animal  is 
referred  to  as  being  "  a  bit  useful." 

J.  FAIRFAX-BLAKEBOROUGH. 
Grove  House,  Norton-on-Tees. 

METHOD  OF  SIGNALLING. — It  may  be 
worth  recording  that  during  the  period  in 
which  the  penal  laws  were  in  force  the  fol- 
lowing method  of  communication  was  used 
by  some  of  the  Lancashire  Catholic  families. 
When  it  had  been  secretly  arranged  for 
a  priest  to  visit  the  house  of  the  principal 
Catholic  family  in  a  neighbourhood,  the 
owner  of  that  house  would  place  on  the  roof, 
or  hang  out,  washing  or  articles  of  clothing 
arranged  in  a  certain  manner,  and  this  was 
understood  by  his  co-religionists  in  the 
village  and  neighbourhood  to  mean  that 
religious  ceremonies  were  shortly  to  be 
performed  in  that  house.  The  number  of 
articles  displayed  usually  indicated  the 
number  of  days  to  elapse  prior  to  the  arrival 
of  the  visiting  priest.  A  descendant  of  one 
of  these  families  told  me  that  his  ancestors 
frequently,  adopted  this  method. 

FREDERIC  CROOKS. 


©uerietf. 

WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries 
in  order  that  answers  may  be  sent  to  them  direct. 


CARLINGS. — The  carlings  eaten  in  the 
north  on  Passion  or  Care  or  Carling  Sunday , 
the  fifth  Sunday  in  Lent,  are  usually  sup- 
posed to  have  been  connected  with  fasting 
diet  on  that  day,  when  the  sufferings  of 
Christ  begin,  to  be  more  completely  comT 
memorated.  But  in  The  Daily  Mail  of 
April  5  is  an  illustration  of 

A  North  Country  Custom.— The  maid  of  a> 
Tyneside  inn  observing  the  Carling  Feast,  held 
to  commemorate  a  blockade  of  the  north-east 
coast,  during  which  a  Tyne  vessel  successfully 
ran  a  cargo  of  grey  peas  (carlings)  into  port. 

Is  anything  really  known  about  this- 
running  of  a  blockade,  or  is  the  above 
explanation  wholly  imaginary  ? 

J.  T.  F. 

Winterton,    Lines. 


288 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [  12  s.  x.  APRIL  15, 1922. 


BYBON  QUERY. — Who  is  the  author 
of  '  The  Duke  of  Mantua,  a  Tragedy,'  by 
.  .  . ;  London,  G.  and  W.  B.  Whittaker, 
Ave  Maria  Lane,  1823. 

On  the  title  page  there  is  an  engraving  of 
Lord  Byron  holding  a  mask,  half  hiding 
his  face,  which  is  evidently  intended  to 
convey  that  the  poem  is  by  Lord  Byron. 
It  is  not  recorded  in  any  of  the  Byron 
bibliographies  and  I  shall  be  grateful  for 
any  information.  HERBERT  C.  ROE. 

THE  CLOPTONS  OF  SUFFOLK. — Elizabeth 
Clopton  married,  as  his  third  wife,  the  Rev. 
James  Verdon,  M.A.,  rector  (1678-1741)  of 
East  Dereham,  Norfolk.  She  was  born  c. 
1670  and  died  1755.  On  a  portrait  of  her 
is  the  following  coat  of  arms  :  Sable  a  bend 
argent  between  two  cotises  dancette  or 
{Clopton)  impaling  Vert  a  lion  rampant 
argent  crowned  or  (Boston).  Crest :  A 
wolf's  head  couped  party  per  pale  or  and 
azure.  Her  father's  name  was  Roger  Clopton. 
The  only  Roger  Clopton  of  the  Cloptons 
of  Suffolk  was  one  of  the  four  sons  of  Walter 
Clopton,  Esq.  (1596-1627),  of  Melford, 
Suffolk,  by  Anne,  daughter  of  Sir  Roger 
Thornton  of  Snailwell,  Cambs  (vide  Muskett's 
*  Suffolk  Manorial  Families  '  and  Dr. 
Howard's  '  Visitations  of  Suffolk.')  Is  there 
any  record  of  this  Roger  marrying  a  Boston? 
I  believe  Sir  Simonds  d'Ewes,  the  antiquary, 
who  married  his  (Roger  Clopton's)  cousin, 
says  he  was  living  in  1637.  I  should  be 
much  obliged  if  anyone  can  tell  me  whether 
he  is  identical  with  the  Roger  Clopton  who 
was  the  father  of  Elizabeth  Verdon. 

C.  S.  COLLISON  (Colonel). 
The  Cottage,  Kilbyrne,  Doneraile,  Co.  Cork. 

WILLIAM  PRODHOME.  —I  came  across  a 
copy  of  your  publication  in  the  library  here, 
and  would  be  glad  to  avail  myself  of  the 
privileges  to  the  extent  of  the  following 
inquiry.  I  seek  information  -as  to  the  male 
descendants  of  William  Prodhome  of  Newn- 
ham  Paddox,  Warwickshire,  whose  daughter 
Joan  married  William  Fielding,  ancestor 
of  the  Earls  of  Denbigh.  As  I  have  never 
seen  any  article  on  the  history  of  this  family 
other  than  in  Burke's  '  Heraldic  Illustra- 
tions '  and  in  Burke's  '  Landed  Gentry,'  I 
would  be  grateful  if  any  reader  would  assist 
me  with  advice  as  to  where  I  could  obtain 
more  information  as  to  this  family. 

E.  A.  PRIDHAM. 

Winnipeg. 


"  OLD  NICK."— What  is  the  origin  of  the 
name  ?  Butler  says  : — 

Nick  Machiavel  had  ne'er  a  trick, 
Though  he  gave  his  name  to  our  old  Nick. 
('  Hudibras,'  Part  III.,  canto  1.) 

Is  there  any  authority  other  than  Butler's 
for  this  assumption  that  Nicol6  Machiavelli 
gave  us  his  "  front  "  name  as  a  pseudonym 
for  the  Devil  ? 

W.   COURTHOPE  FORMAN. 

JOHN  HOPPNER'S  GRAVE. — The  register 
of  St.  James's  Church,  Piccadilly,  records 
that  Hoppner  was  buried  on  Jan.  29,  1810, 
but  gives  no  indication  of  the  place  of 
his  interment.  It  is,  however,  apparently 
known  that  he  was  buried  in  the  church- 
yard behind  St.  James's  Church  in  the 
Hampstead  Road.  That  church,  originally 
called  St.  James's  Chapel,  was  formerly 
a  chapel  of  ease  to  St.  James's,  Piccadilly. 
Jesse,  in  the  '  Memoirs  of  the  Life  and 
Reign  of  George  III.,'  states  that  Lord 
George  Gordon's  remains 

rest  in  an  obscure  burial-ground  attached  to  a 
chapel  of  ease  on  the  east  side  of  Hampstead 
Road  in  the  neighbourhood  of  the  honoured 
graves  of  George  Morland  and  John  Hoppner. 

The  burial-ground  is  now  a  public  garden, 
or  part  of  it  is  such,  a  portion  having  been 
taken  over  some  years  ago  by  the  L.  and 
N.W.  Railway  for  extensions.  Can  any 
reader  tell  me  in  what  part  of  the  ground 
Hoppner's  body  lies,  if  any  monument 
stood  over  his  grave,  and  if  his  wife,  who 
was  buried  on  Dec.  8,  1827,  was  placed  in 
the  same  grave  ?  I  should  mention  that  the 
chief  clerk  of  the  Department  of  Works 
of  the  Borough  of  St.  Pancras,  which 
controls  the  present  St.  James's  Gardens, 
very  kindly  examined  his  records  but  has 
not  found  any  indication  of  the  position 
of  the  grave.  E.  C.  H. 

SPRUSEN'S  ISLAND. — Can  any  reader  iden- 
tify this  place,  which  occurs  on  an  English 
seventeenth-century  token  reading  "  The 
Signe  of  the  Cocke  in  Sprvsens  Ileland "  ? 
It  would  appear  to  have  been  most  prob- 
ably a  Thames-side  locality,  as,  for  instance, 
Jacob's  Island,  Bermondsey. 

L.  L.  F. 

• 

TEMPLE  FORTUNE. — Can  any  reader  throw 
light  upon  the  association  of  these  terms  ? 
The  place  can  be  traced  from  the  latter  part 
of  the  eighteenth  century  on  the  map  of 
Hendon,  where  the  Templars  had  property. 
There  is  a  Fortune  Green,  Hampstead,  and 


12  s.x.  APRIL  is,  1922.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


289 


in    the    sixteenth    century    Fortune    Gate 
(Willesden)  was  well  known. 

J.  STOBART  GREENHALGH. 
7,  Turner's  Wood,  X.W.ll. 

MURDERS  IN  ITALY. — Farington,  in  his 
Diary,  Dec.  16,  1795,  says  that 

Flaxman  assured  him  that  in  Rome  one  of  the 
Pope's  secretaries  told  him  that  on  an  average 
1,500  persons  are  murdered  annually  in  the 
papal  dominions.  From  the  reports  which  were 
made,  it  appeared  that  in  20  years  of  the  present 
Pope's  reign  30,000  persons  had  been  murdered. 
Whereas  in  Tuscany,  the  adjoining  state,  not 
one,  or  but  one,  person  had  been  murdered  in  the 
same  length  of  time.  Those  murders  are  confined 
to  almost  the  lowest  order  of  the  people,  and 
are  regarded  with  great  indifference. 

What  could  be  the  cause  of  such  a  difference  ? 
Would  the  practice  or  disuse  of  capital 
punishment  have  anything  to  do  with  it, 
or  laxer  teaching  on  morality  and  the 
sanctity  of  life,  or  what  ?  W.  DOUGLAS. 
31,  Sandwich  Street,  W-C.1. 

FRANKLIN. — Can  anyone  tell  me  who 
were  the  parents  and  grandparents  of 
Henry  Franklin  of  Kingston,  Jamaica, 
attorney-at-law,  believed  born  1811,  died 
November,  1857,  buried  in  New  Ground, 
Kingston,  Jamaica,  Nov.  8,  1857.  He 
had  an  aunt,  Mrs.  Grace  Blundell,  who 
left  him  Blundell  Hall  and  land  in  Kingston. 
He  is  said  to  have  been  son  of  James  F. 
and  grandson  of  John  F.,  who  married 
Margaret  (called  Sarah)  Blake,  a  descendant 
of  a  brother  of  Admiral  Blake  (arms,  Argent, 
a  chevron  between  three  garbs  sable). 
John  F.  had  an  armorial  seal,  apparently 
meant  to  be  the  arms  of  Franklin  of  Maid- 
stone,  Kent  (Visitation  of  Kent,  1573-5, 
and  Ped.  Coll.  of  Arms  ;  arms,  Gules,  on  a 
bend  between  two  dolphins  hauriant  or, 
three  lions'  heads  erased  of  the  field),  and 
it  is  suggested  that  John  F.  was  descended 
from,  or  a  relative  of,  these  Maidstone 
Franklins,  whose  pedigree  I  have  from  1500- 
1834,  some  of  whom  were  certainly  in  and 
associated  with  Jamaica,  Tobago,  St.  Kitts, 
&c.,  from  1760  to  at  any  rate  1811. 

Henry  F.  married  Elizabeth  Williams, 
who  died  1867,  buried  Kensal-  Green, 
London,  by  whom  he  had  three  sons : 
James,  a  Captain  in  the  Royals  ;  Henry  ; 
and  Charles,  M.R.C.S.,  who  practised  at 
Ingatestone  and  Putney ;  and  three 
daughters  :  Alice,  Emily  and  Julia. 

In   1894  W.   S.   G.   Richards  compiled  a 

Franklin  pedigree,   which   has   been   found 

.  to   be   in  need  of   some    correction.      Does 


anyone  know  whether  Mr.  Richards  is  still 
living  ? 

Henry  F.  was  apparently  not  admitted 
a  solicitor  in  England,  so  was  presumably 
in  Jamaica,  where  he  practised  many  years. 
It  is,  then,  probable  that  he  was  born  out 
there. 

So  far  as  I  can.  learn,  these  Maidstone 
people  were  going  strong  so  late  as  1836, 
when  Gilbert  William  F.  (son  of  John 
Gilbert,  grandson  of  Gilbert  and  great- 
|  grandson  of  Walter  F.  of  Mereworth  Castle, 
Kent)  was  a  Lieutenant  in  the  37th  Regi- 
ment, and  he  had  a  cousin,  Henry  F.,  son 
of  Henry  F.  and  grandson  of  Gilbert  F. 

Gilbert  F.  had  a  brother,  Peter,  collector 
of     H.M.     Customs,     Kingston,     Jamaica, 
!  member   of   the   Legislative   Assembly   and 
of  the  Privy  Council  of  Tobago. 

Is  anything  known  of  these  two,  Henry 
and  Gilbert  William,  and  whether  they  had 
issue  male  ? 

I  wonder  if  any  reader  has  a  recent  copy 
|  of    Fox-Davies's    '  Armorial    Families  *    to 
dispose  of  at  a  reasonable  figure  ? 

C.  A.  H.  FRANKLIN. 

St.  Thomas's  Hospital,  S.E.I. 

'  PETER  SIMPLE':  NAVAL  SLANG. — In 
'  Peter  Simple,'  Swinburne,  the  Quarter- 
master, in  telling  Peter  about  the  Battle 
of  St.  Vincent,  says,  "...  Troubridge 
opened  the  ball,  setting  to  half  a  dozen  of 
the  Spaniards  and  making  them  reel  '  Tom 
Collins,  whether  or  no.'  5:  Was  '  Tom 
Collins,  &c.,'  the  name  of  a  dance,  a  reel, 
i  or  was  it  Navy  slang  for  involuntary  com- 
pulsion. JOHN  LECKY. 
[See  also  Notices  to  Correspondents.] 

LOFTUS. — I  shall  be  obliged  for  informa- 
tion showing  the  relationship  of  Lady 
Elizabeth  Loftus  (daughter  of  the  first 
Marquis  Townshend  by  his  first  marriage), 
who  died  in  Wimpole  Street,  March  21, 
1811,  and  of  George  Colby  Loftus,  who 
married  Mrs.  Schuyler  of  Woollands  in 
Dorset  and  died  about  1851.  Was  he  her 
son  ?  CHRISTOPHER  STONE. 

Peppers,  near  Steyning,  Sussex. 

JAMES  ATKINSON.  M.D.,  medical  officer 
in  India  and  Persian  scholar.  Is  said  in  the 
'  D.N.B.'  to  have  been  born  in  the  north  of 
England,  March  9,  1780,  and  to  have  died 
Aug.  7,  1852.  Can  anyone  gives  the  names 
of  places  of  birth  and  death  ? 

W.  N.  C. 


290 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


ROBERT  BURDETT  was  admitted  to  West- 
minster School  Feb.  12,  1776.  Information 
concerning  his  parentage  and  career  is 
desired.  G.  F.  R,  B. 

PETER  DUCASSE  obtained  his  election 
from  Westminster  to  a  scholarship  at  Trin. 
Coll.  Camb.  in  1730,  but  seems  never  to 
have  been  admitted  there,  and  to  have  sub- 
sequently become  an  usher  at  the  school. 
Further  particulars  of  his  parentage  and 
career  are  desired.  G.  F.  R.  B. 

BURIED  WINE. — Is  there  any  information  j 
as  to  the  flavour  and  virtue  of  wine  which  I 
has  been  buried  in  bottles  for  a  long  period  | 
of  years.     Sir  Thos.   Browne,  in  his   '  Urn 
Burial,'  does  not  seem  to  support  the  idea. 
ALFRED  S.  E.  ACKERMANN. 

MoWnEA. — In  a  will  dated  1800  a  Jane 
MeWhea  of  Scotland  is  mentioned.  In- 
formation as  to  this  lady  or  the  MeWhea 
family  will  be  welcome. 

A.  W.  WALLIS-TAYLER. 

Beulah  Cottage,  Tatsfield,  near  Westerham. 

THE  WIDTH  or  CHEAPSIDE. — In  a  recent 
lecture  on  Old  London  at  the  Overseas 
Club,  Park  Place,  St.  James's,  the  state- 
ment was  made  that  Cheapside  was  wider 
in  Tudor  times  than  at  present.  Does  this 
mean  that  roadway  and  footway  were  all 
one,  hence  giving  the  appearance  of  greater 
space,  or  have  frontagers,  in  re-erecting 
premises  from  time  to  time,  been  allowed 
to  advance  the  building  line  ? 

J.  LANDFEAR  LUCAS. 

101,  Piccadilly. 

*  STEVENSON'S  '  VIRGINIBUS  PUERISQUE.' — 
Is  there  any  edition  of  this  with  notes  ? 
Or  could  any  correspondent  tell  me  of  any 
notes  anywhere  upon  these  essays  ?  A.  R. 

LANCE  CALKIN. — Some  years  ago  an  artist 
— I  believe  one  of  some  repute — by  name 
Lance  Calkin  painted  a  picture,  the  subject 
of  which  was  the  sinking  of  the  ship  Bir- 
kenhead.  Of  what  nationality  was  this 
Lance  Calkin :  English,  Scotch,  Irish  or 
Welsh  ?  F.  A.  SLACKE. 

CAPTAIN  SKINNER,  1764.- Wanted,  fuU 
particulars  of  the  family  of  Captain  Skinner, 
who  was  in  the  service  of  the  late  East  India 
Co.  in  India  in  1764.  He  came  from  Scot- 
land, and  the  address  of  his  original  home  is 
desired.  E.  C.  WIENHOLT. 

3,  Ellachie  Road,  Alverstoke,  Hants. 


GENERAL  NICHOLSON'S  BIRTHPLACE. 
(12  S.  x.  109,  158,  173.) 

THE  following  facts  about  this  great  soldier, 
which  I  have  been  at  considerable  trouble  to 
ascertain  and  verify,  will,  I  hope,  set  at  rest 
the  many  erroneous  statements  made  by  his 
biographers — who  are  legion — as  to  where 
and  when  he  was  born.  A  statue  of  him 
has  lately  been  erected  at  Lisburn  ;  and  the 
inscription  claims  him  as  having  been  a 
native  of  that  town,  which,  most  certainly, 
he  was  not.  A  claim  has  also  been  advanced, 
on  utterly  untenable  grounds,  that  he  was 
born  at  Vergemount,  Clonskeagh,  which 
may  be  summarily  dismissed.  The  majority 
of  Memoirs  state  that  he  was  born  in  1821, 
which  is  wrong ;  and  the  article  in  the 
'  D.N.B.,'  written  by  Colonel  R.  H.  Vetch, 
R.E.,  C.B.,  tells  us  that  Lisburn  is  in  the 
Co.  Wicklow  ! 

John  Nicholson  was  born  in  the  parish 
of  St.  Thomas,  Dublin.  The  following 
document-r— a  certified  copy  of  the  original 
declaration  which  I  obtained  from  the 
India  Office — is,  I  think,  conclusive  enough 
to  satisfy  any  reasonable  person  i — 

[  This  Declaration  must  not  be  made  until  the  Party 
has  ascertained  by  proper  search,  that  no 
Register  of  Birth  is  to  be  found.] 

DECLARATION   to   be   made   by   the    CADET 
before  a  MAGISTRATE. 

I,  John  Nicholson,  presented  for  the  appoint- 
ment of  Cadet,  by  Henry  Alexander,  Esqr.,  do 
solemnly  and  sincerely  declare  that  I  have 
caused  search  to  be  made  for  a  Parish  Register, 
whereby  to  ascertain  my  age,  but  am  \mable  to 
produce  the  same,  there  being  none  to  be  found  ; 
and  further  I  declare  that  from  the  information 
of  my  parents  and  other  relations,  which  I  verily 
believe  to  be  true,  that  I  was  born  in  the  Parish 
of  St.  Thomas,  in  the  county  of  Dublin,  on  the 
llth  of  Deer,  in  the  year  1822,  and  that  I  am 
not,  at  this  time,  xmder  the  age  of  sixteen  or 
above  twenty-two  years ;  and  I  make  this 
Declaration,  conscientiously  believing  the  same 
to  be  true  ;  and  by  virtue  of  an  Act  made  and 
passed  in  the  fifth  and  sixth  year  of  his  present 
Majesty  William  the  Fourth,  entitled  .  .  .  and  so 
forth. 

Declared  at  Great  Marlboro'  Street  this  18  day 
of  Feby.  1839.  P.  J.  CHAMBERS,  Magistrate  for 
Middlesex. 

Witness  my  hand  this  15  day  of  Feby.  in  the 
year  of  Our  Lord  1839. 

JOHN  NICHOLSON. 

The  Henry  Alexander,  Esq.,  mentioned  in 
this  declaration  can  easily  be  identified  as 
of  Forkill,  Armagh  (a  branch  of  the  house 


12  S.X.  APRIL  15,  1922.]  NOTES    AND    QUERIES. 


291 


to  which  Lord  Caledon  belongs),  whose 
daughter  Emily  Jane  married  John  Nichol- 
son's first  cousin,  Captain  Melville  Hogg, 
2nd  Scinde  Horse.  The  document  further 
states  that  the  Parish  Register  could  not 
then  be  found  ;  and  I  have  recently  en- 
deavoured to  trace  it,  but  with  a  like  result. 
Surely  the  testimony  of  both  parents 
"  and  other  relations  "  may  be  safely 
accepted  as  to  date  of  birth.  I  pass  now 
to  date  of  baptism,  a  certificate  of  which  I 
also  obtained  from  the  India  Office  and 
now  append  : — 

This  is  to  certify  that  I  baptized  John,  the  son 
of  Alexander  and  Clara  Nicholson,  on  the  18th 
day  of  December  1822,  in  the  parish  of  St.  Thomas, 
Dublin. 

G.  BELLETT, 
Incumbent  of  St.   Leonard,   Bridg- 

north,  Shropshire. 
Bridgnorth,  January  9th,  1839. 

This  document  suggested  some  curious 
points  which  claimed  elucidation,  towards 
which  the  Parish  Registers  again  afforded 
me  no  assistance — the  only  baptismal 
record  for  1822  being  that  of  one  female  ! 
Then  again,  was  the  Rev.  G.  Bellett  in- 
cumbent or  curate  of  the  parish  in  1822  ? 
I  ascertained  that  he  was  neither.  Could 
he  have  been  the  minister  of  some  con- 
venticle within  it  ?  This  was  not  possible, 
unless  he  subsequently  conformed,  as  it 
is  manifest  from  the  above  certificate  that 
he  was  incumbent  of  Bridgnorth  in  1839. 
As  biographers  differ  about  the  religious 
persuasion  of  the  General's  parents,  I 
thought  it  well  to  trace  the  career  of  the 
Rev.  G.  B.  The  T.C.D.  records  show  that 
he  took  his  degree  of  M.A.  in  1832.  From 
various  ecclesiastical  documents  and  private 
information  I  find  that  he  was  ordained 
Deacon  1821  and  Priest  in  1822,  by  Dr. 
Jas.  Saurin,  Bishop  of  Dromore,  for  a 
curacy  in  his  diocese  ;  from  1827  to  1835 
he  was  curate  of  Ballymodan  (Bandon)  ; 
and,  in  the  latter  year,  he  was  appointed 
to  Bridgnorth.  My  next  step  was  to  find 
out  the  patron  of  that  living,  who  proved 
to  be  Thos.  Whitmore,  Esq.,  of  Apley 
Park,  J.P.,  D.L.,  M.P.  for  Bridgnorth, 
whose  daughter  Catherine  Mary  became 
Lady  Bandon  in  1832.  This  curate  of 
Bandon  was  evidently  persona  grata  with 
her,  and  doubtless  her  influence  procured 
his  advancement.  He  married  Elizabeth, 
sister  of  Sir  Edward  Denny,  and  had  a 
family  of  six  children,  all  born  at  Bridgnorth. 
That  he  was  reputable  as  a  clergyman,  a 
gentleman  and  an  author  there  can  be  no 


doubt.  The  following  literary  output  stands 
to  his  credit  at  the  British  Museum  :— 
'Antiquities  of  Bridgnorth'  (1856),  'Lec- 
ture on  City  of  Rome  '  (1853),  '  Sermons  ' 
(1836,  1845,  1853),  'Facts  against  Irving- 
ism'  (1862-1867).  If  Alexander  Jaffray 
Nicholson  was  a  Quaker,  as  some  assert,  it 
seems  unthinkable  that  he  should  have  had 
his  son  John  baptized  by  an  Episcopalian 
clergyman,  or  put  his  four  sons  into  the 
Army;  it  is  also  noteworthy  that  his  two 
daughters  married  clergymen  of  the  Estab- 
lished Church. 

The  family  record  is  as  follows  : — 
Alexander  Jaffray  Nicholson,  M.D.,  married 
Clara  Hogg  (sister  of  Sir  James  Weir  Hogg) 
in  1820  and  had  the  following  issue  : — 

1.  Mary,    b.    October,     1821  ;     m.    Rev. 
Edwd.  Maxwell,  rector  of  Roding,  Essex. 

2.  JOHN,  Brig. -General,   b.    1822  ;     killed 
at  Delhi,  1857. 

3.  Alexander  Jaffray,  b.   1824  ;    killed  in 
Khyber  Pass,  1842. 

4.  Lily  Anna  Floyer,  b.   1825  ;    m.  Rev. 
John  Hobart  Seymour,  rector  of  Newcastle, 
Co.  Down. 

5.  James  Weir  Hogg,  b.  1827,  d.  1840. 

6.  William,  b.  1828  ;  killed  on  the  Afghan 
frontier,  1849. 

7.  Charles  (Colonel),  b.   1832  ;    m.,   1859, 
Elizabeth  Gillelan  of  New  York. 

All  his  sons  died  without  issue,  and  I 
think  we  may  safely  assume  that  he  was  a 
Churchman.  The  first  of  his  line  to  settle 
in  Ireland  was  the  Rev.  William  Nicholson, 
M.A.,  who  was  murdered  in  the  Rebellion 
of  1641,  and  whose  grandson  became  a 
member  of  the  Society  of  Friends  and  was 
known  as  "  William  the  Quaker."  There 
is  no  evidence  to  show  that  all  his  descend- 
ants followed  this  example — I  do  not 
labour  the  point  as  it  is  not  of  any  moment  ; 
but  Captain  Trotter,  one  of  the  General's 
biographers,  says  that  "  Dr.  Nicholson,  a 
Quaker,  had  been  guilty  of  marrying  a 
lady  of  another  Church,  and  was  at  once 
expelled  from  the  brotherhood."  This,  I 
am  assured  by  a  very  high  authority  on 
Quaker  usages,  is  fiction,  as  the  delinquent 
would  simply  and  automatically  "  drop 
out  " — and  there  an  end.  It  is  not  known 
in  what  street  in  the  parish  of  St.  Thomas 
the  great  soldier  saw  the  light ;  his  father 
resided  in  Moore  Street,  in  Lower  Gardiner 
Street,  and  probably  in  some  others.  1 
have  not  endeavoured  to  clear  up  this 
crux.  J.  F.  FULLER. 

Dublin. 


292 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       1 12  s.x.  APRIL  15, 1022. 


MOTHERING  SUNDAY  (12  S.  x.  249).— The 

*  N.E.D.'  has  no  quotation  for  ';  Mothering 
Sunday "    earlier    than    '  Encycl.    Metrop.,' 
xxi.,    1845,   nor   for    "  going   a-mothering " 
earlier   than   Herrick,    1648.      The   custom 
was    for    apprentices,    servants    and    others 
to   go   to   see   their   mothers   on   Mid- Lent 
Sunday,  taking  with  them  or  receiving  on 
their  arrival  some  such  little  present  as  a 
simnel.      This  was  in  the  first  instance  a 
bun   or   cake   of   fine   flour   (O.F.    simenel, 
apparently    related    to    Lat.    simila,    fine 
flour).      Such  a  simnel  would  be  a  great 
luxury    to     people    who    rarely    saw    any 
bread  but  what  was  made  of  coarse  meal. 
By    a    process    of    culinary    evolution    the 
original    simnel    became    the    rich    currant 
cake  now  known  by  that  name. 

As  to  the  line  "  Tid,  Mid,  Misera,"  I 
am  not  aware  of  any  liturgical  connexion, 
and  I  think  that  the  usual  explanation  is 
mere  baseless  conjecture.  There  is  no 
Psalm  beginning  "  Mi  Deus,"  and  "  Te 
Deum  "  and  "  Miserere  "  are  in  use  all  the 
year  through.  The  sequence  of  Sundays 
in  the  second  line  is  quite  right,  fifth,  sixth, 
and  Easter.  The  fifth  Sunday  in  Lent, 
Passion  Sunday,  properly  so  called,  was 
also  called  "  Care  Sunday,"  as  marking 
the  beginning  of  Passion-tide,  when  the 
mental  and  bodily  sufferings  of  Our  Saviour 
are  more  particularly  commemorated. 
"  Care  "  originally  meant  mental  suffering, 
sorrow,  grief.  Carlings  are  fried  peas,  at 
first  eaten  by  way  of  sympathetic  mortifi- 
cation on  Care  Sunday,  which  accordingly 
came  to  be  called  Carling  Sunday.  I  have 
often  seen  carlings  exposed  for  sale  in  the 
poorer  sort  of  shop  windows  in  Durham 
for  Carling  Sunday,  as  also  pace  eggs  for 
Easter.  J.  T.  F. 

Winterton,  Lines. 

It  is  impossible  to  say  when  this  name  was 
first  given  to  the  fourth  Sunday  in  Lent, 
and  the  earliest  reference  quoted  in  the 

*  N.E.D.'  is  the  one  by  Herrick,     Neverthe- 
less the  name  is  a  very  old  one,  and  has 
been  used  in  Lancashire  and  the  northern 
counties  from  early  times.     Originally  called 
"  Mothering    Sunday "    from    the    ancient 
usage  of  visiting  the  mother  or  cathedral 
churches    of    the    dioceses,    when    Lent    or 
Easter   offerings   were   made,   the   name   is 
still  retained  for  the  substituted  custom  of 
going  to  see  parents  on  that  day  and  taking 
small   offerings,    such   as   money,    trinkets, 
or  cakes.     Harland  and  Wilkinson's  '  Lan- 
cashire   Folklore '     says  jthat     the    public 


processions  formerly  held  on  this  day  have 
been  discontinued  since  the  thirteenth 
century. 

In  this  district  the  day  is  now  generally 
known  as  Simnel  Sunday  from  the  promi- 
nence given  to  the  simnel  cake,  every  house- 
hold making  a  point  of  celebrating  Simnel 
Sunday.  In  other  parts  of  Lancashire  it  is 
known  as  "  Bragot  Sunday  "  from  the  use  of 
a  beverage  called  "  bragot,"  consisting  of  a 
kind  of  spiced  ale,  which  always  accompanied 
the  sweet  cake.  Many  conjectures  as  to  the 
origin  of  the  word  "  simnel "  have  been  made. 
Chambers's  'Book  of  Days'  gives  rather  a 
humorous  origin,  deriving  it  from  a  peculiar 
cake  made  by  a  husband  and  wife  named 
Simon  and  Nelly,  which  cake  became  known 
as  a  "Simon  and  Nelly"  and  ultimately  a 
"  simnel."  Others  connect  the  name  with 
Lambert  Simnel,  the  well-known  pretender 
in  the  reign  of  Henry  VII.,  who  was  a  baker. 
Dr.  Cowell,  in  his  '  Law  Directory,'  derives 
"  simnell  "  from  the  Latin  simila,  the 
finest  part  of  the  flour  :  "  '  panis  simila  - 
gineus,'  simnel  bread — still  in  use,  especially 
in  Lent."  ARCHIBALD  SPARKE. 

"ONCE   ABOARD     THE     LUGGER"    (12   S.   X. 

150,  198,  232). — MR.  WAINEWRIGHT  is  mis- 
taken about  Burnand  having  written  this 
line,  but  it  is  not  unlikely  that  Dewar  used 
it  as  a  gag.  Many  of  the  older  actors  have 
told  me  that  they  have  spoken  the  words 
but  none  knew  in  what  play  they  first 
appeared.  I  have  been  given  two  variants 
of  the  original  which  are  interesting  : — 

Meet  me  to-night,  upon  the  bridge,  at  mid- 
night. The  old  man  will  be  there.  Should  he 
attempt  violence,  choke  him.  You  for  the  Gold, 
I  for  the  Girl.  Once  aboard  the  Lugger  and 
we'll  sail  for  Mexico.  Ha  !  Ha  !  Ha  ! 

The  second  variant  is  probably  from  some 
burlesque : — • 

Once  aboard  the  lugger 

All  is  well, 
Your's  the  Booty, 
Mine  the  Girl. 

In  one  form  or  another  it  is  highly  prob- 
able that  the  lines  were  used  at  the 
Bower,  as  MR.  PENGELLY  suggests,  but  I 
think  they  belong  to  a  still  earlier  period 
and  might  be  discovered  in  one  of  the 
dramas  in  Cumberland's  Minor  Theatre 
which  were  played  at  the  Surrey  or  the 
Coburg.  As  I  have  been  asking  this  question 
for  more  than  ten  years  and  was,  I  believe, 
instrumental  in  raising  the  subject  in  The 
Era,  I  shall  be  very  glad  if  someone  can 
settle  the  matter.  *  C.  N.  R. 


12  s.x.  APRIL  15,  io22.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


293 


THE  "HAND  AND  PEN"  (12  S.  x.  168, 
216). — MR.  J.  PAUL  DE  CASTBO  is  quite  right, 
I  think,  for  I  have  never  come  across  a  coffee- 
house or  inn  of  this  name,  but  it  must  not  be 
forgotten  that  almost  every  tradesman  at 
this  time  adopted  a  sign  for  his  premises  not 
always  connected  with  the  trade  carried  on. 
There  was  a  very  much  advertised  "  Hand 
and  Pen  "  kept  by  James  Weston,  a  teacher 
of  shorthand,  whose  pictorial  announcements 
are  to  be  seen  in  some  of  the  mid -eighteenth - 
•century  London  newspapers.  In  The 
Daily  Journal  of  Nov.  26,  1731,  his  address 
was  "  at  the  Hand  and  Pen,  over  against 
[opposite]  Norfolk  Street  in  the  Strand." 
In  1741  he  advertised  that  he  had  "  Remov'd 
to  the  Hand  and  Pen,  over  against  the  Middle- 
Temple  Gate  in  Fleet  Street." 

About  this  period  there  was  also  another 
address  with  this  same  sign,  but  the  business 
was  different,  "  French  and  Country  Dances  " 
being  taught ;  particulars  were  to  be  had 


"SOUTHAM  CYDER"  (12  S.  x.  250). — An 
excerpt  from  Henry  Fielding's  '  Journal 
of  a  Voyage  to  Lisbon  '  probably  supplies 
the  information  for  which  COLONEL  SOUTHAM 
seeks.  Whilst  windbound  in  Torbay  on 
board  the  Queen  of  Portugal,  Fielding 
made  the  following  entry  under  date 
Sunday,  July  21,  1754  :— 

I  resolved  to  dispatch  my  man  into  the  country 
to  purchase  a  present  of  cyder  for  my  friends 
of  that  which  is  called  Southam,  as  well  as 
to  take  with  me  a  hogshead  of  it  to  Lisbon,  for 
it  is,  in  my  opinion,  much  more  delicious  than  that 
which  is  the  growth  of  Herefordshire.  I  pur- 
chased three  hogsheads  for  five  pounds  ten 
shillings,  all  which  I  should  have  scarce  thought 
worth  mentioning,  had  I  not  believed  it  might 
be  of  equal  service  to  the  honest  farmer  who 
sold  it  me,  and  who  is  by  the  neighbouring  gentle- 
men reputed  to  deal  in  the  very  best,  and  to 
the  reader,  who  from  ignorance  of  the  means  of 
providing  better  for  himself,  swallows  at  a  dearer 
rate  the  juice  of  Middlesex  turnip,  instead  of  that 
Vinum  Pomonae  which  Mr.  Giles  Leverance  of 
Cheesehurst,  near  Dartmouth  in  Devon,  will, 


of    "  J.    Lampson,   Dancing  Master,   at   the  }  at  the  price  of  forty  shillings^  per  hogshead,  send 

Hand  and  Pen,  the  Field  end  of  King  Street, 

Bloomsbury."     In  each  of  the  cases  I  have 

quoted  the  advertisement  commences  with 

a  crude  representation  of  a  hand  holding  a 

quill  pen. 

In  Larwood  and  Hotten's  '  History  of 
Signboards '  (really  written,  as  has  been 
pointed  out  in  '  N.  &  Q,'  by  Jacobus  Lar- 
wood von  Schevichaven),  we  are  told  that 
the  "  Hand  and  Pen  "  was  a  scrivener's  sign, 
which  was  adopted  by  Peter  Bales,  Queen 
Elizabeth's  celebrated  penman.  Bale  or 
Bales  was  employed  by  Sir  Francis  Walsing- 
ham,  and  afterwards  kept  a  writing-school 
at  the  upper  end  of  the  Old  Bailey.  In 
1595,  when  nearly  50  years  old,  he  had  a 
trial  of  skill  with  one  David  Johnson,  by 


which  he  was  the  winner  of  a  golden  pen,  of 
the  value  of  £20,  which,  in  the  pride  of  his 
victory,  he  set  up  as  his  sign. 

The  sign  of  the  "  Hand  and  Pen  "  was 
also  used  by  the  Fleet  marriage -mongers  to 
denote  that  at  the  houses  bearing  this  sign 
"  marriages  were  performed  without  imposi- 
tion." 

John  Ashton,  in  his  interesting  history  of 
*  The  Fleet,  its  River,  Prison,  and  Marriages,' 
gives  numerous  references  to  several  of  them, 
some  being  kept  by  barbers,  where  these 
"  clergymen  "  attended,  others  being  "  run  " 
by  the  parsons  themselves.  These  places 
were  so  numerous  in  this  neighbourhood  that 
they  were  referred  to  as  "  these  Hand  and 
Pen  houses."  E.  E.  NEWTON. 

"  Hampstead,"  Upminster,  Essex. 


in  double  casks  to  any  part  of  the  world. 

Southam  is  a  shortened  form  of  South 
Hams,  and  Fielding  himself  used  the  latter 
nomenclature  when  writing  to  his  half- 
brother  John,  at  Bow  Street,  the  next  day  : — 

Terr  Bay,  July  22,  1754.  Dear  Jack, — Soon 
after  I  had  concluded  my  letter  of  business  to 
Welch  yesterday,  we  came  to  an  anchor  \\\  this 
place,  which  our  Capt.  says  is  the  best  harbour 
in  the  world.  I  soon  remembered  the  country 
and  that  it  was  in  the  midst  of  the  South  Hams, 
a  place  famous  for  cyder  and  I  think  the  best  in 
England,  in  great  preference  to  that  of  Hereford- 
shire. .  .  .  The  freight  of  both  [hogsheads] 
by  a  coaster  of  Devon  or  Cornwall  will  be  8  shil- 
lings only.  .  .  .  Welch  will  easily  find  almost 
every  day  one  of  these  Coasters  in  London.  .  .  . 
It  will  be  fit  for  drinking  or  bottling  a  month  after 
it  hath  lain  in  your  vault.  I  have  consigned  it 
in  the  following  manner.  Half  a  hhd.  to  your- 
self, half  to  Welch,  half  to  Hunter  and  half  to 
Millar,  and  I  wish  you  all  merry  over  it. 

The  transport  difficulties  were  clearly  not 
so  insuperable  as  COLONEL  SOUTHAM  sug- 
Lest  a  Devonian  should  not  recog- 


nize the  name  of  Cheesehurst,  it  should  be 
remarked  that  this  is  the  name  of  his  farm, 
and  that  Mr.  Leverance  lived  at  Churston 
Ferrers,  nigh  unto  Brixham.  Baring  Gould, 
in  his  '  Devon '  (Little  Guides  series)  fully 
confirms  Fielding's  estimate  of  the  country- 
side : — 

The  South  Hams  is  the  district  lying  S.  of  Dart- 
moor, and  extending  from  the  Plym  to  the  Teign. 
It  is  one  of  remarkable  fertility,  and,  as  the 
climate  is  favourable,  the  proximity  to  the  sea 
tempering  it  and  checking  frost,  it  produces 
abundance  of  apples  for  cyder,  and  pasturage  the 
most  lush  for  cattle.  J.  PAUL  DE  CASTRO. 


294 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [12  S.X.APRH,  15,1022. 


May  not  this  have  been  a  Devonshire 
cider  manufactured  in  the  South  Hams, 
a  name  somewhat  indefinitely  applied 
to  the  district  south  of  Dartmoor,  and 
occupying  a  large  part  of  the  region  between 
the  Teign  and  the  Plym,  with  Kings- 
bridge  as  its  chief  centre,  and  consequently 
described  as  "  Southam  cyder  "  ? 

D.  K.  T. 

THE  VINE  TAVERN,  MILE  END  :  THE 
STEPNEY  MANOR  LORDSHIP  (12  S.  x.  191, 253). 
— To  prevent  misunderstanding  it  is  necessary 
to  explain  that  by  his  first  wife,  Anne  (who 
died  in  1638),  the  Earl  of  Cleveland,  head 
of  the  Wentworths  who  "  acquired "  the 
ecclesiastical  Manor  of  Stepney,  had  six 
children,  Sir  Thomas  (1613-1665)  ;  Anne, 
Maria,  William  and  Charles,  who  all  died 
as  children;  and  Anne  (1623-1697),  who 
married  John  Lovelace  and  inherited  the 
Barony  of  Wentworth  and  the  Stepney 
Manor  Lordship  from  her  hapless  niece, 
Henrietta  Maria,  who  died  in  1686,  nine 
months  after  the  execution  of  her  lover  and 
child  playmate,  the  Duke  of  Monmouth. 
On  Anne  Lovelace's  death  (May  7,  1697) 
the  Wentworth  estate  and  privileges  de- 
scended to  her  granddaughter,  Martha, 
only  surviving  child  of  John  Lovelace, 
the  third  Lord  Lovelace  of  Hurley.  Hen- 
rietta's mother,  Philadelphia,  did  not  shuffle 
off  this  mortal  coil  until  May  4,  1696,  some 
years  after  the  arranged  Revolution  in 
England,  and  during  her  life  she  appears 
to  have  exercised  great  authority  in  Went- 
worthian  affairs,  at  least  in  the  Stepney 
Manor.  (By  the  by,  it  ought  not  to  be  for- 
gotten that  the  Duke  of  Monmouth,  even  on 
the  scaffold,  maintained  boldly  that  his 
connexion  with  Henrietta  Wentworth  was 
"  blameless  in  the  eyes  of  God "  ;  that 
Henrietta  had  "  reclaimed  him  from  his 
licentious  life  "  ;  that  (a  monstrous  un- 
truth) he  "  had  remained  faithful  to  her  " — 
as  faithful  as  King  Charles  II.,  his  reputed 
uncle,  was  to  Nell  Gwynne.  Then,  turning 
to  the  crowd  below  the  scaffold,  he  re- 
iterated that  Henrietta  was  "  a  lady  of 
virtue  and  honour — a  very  virtuous  and 
godly  woman.") 

Martha,  Baroness  Wentworth  and  Stepney 
Manor  Lord,  married  Sir  Henry  Johnson, 
the  great  shipbuilder  of  Blac'kwall,  and 
she  lived  to  assist  in  the  pomp  and  circum- 
stance of  the  coronation  of  Queen  Anne. 
However,  Stepney  Manor  and  its  "  rights  " 
were  "  alienated "  by  the  Wentworthian 
family  in  1720  to  John  Wicke  of  Horsham, 


whose  son  disposed  of  it  to  his  brother-in- 
law,  George  Colebrooke,  whose  descendants 
continue  holders.  Me. 

THE  MONTFORT  FAMILIES  (12  S.  x.  204, 
254). — No  doubt  MR.  R.  M.  DEELEY  is  cor- 
rect in  holding  that  no  English  families  of" 
Montfort  are  descended  from  Simon  de 
Montfort  or  his  house  ;  but  I  think  that 
Dugdale  has  led  him  into  two  errors  con- 
cerning the  house  of  Montfort-sur-Risle. 

1.  Robert  de  Torigny,  in  his  continuation  of 
William  de  Jumieges,  states  that  Hugh  de 
Montfort  II.  had  issue,  by  his  first  marriage 
a   daughter   married   to    Gilbert    de    Gant,. 
and  by  his  second  marriage  two  sons,  Hugh 
III.  and  Robert  ('  Guil.   de  Jumieges,'  ed. 
Marx,  pp.  260,  261).     Why  Dugdale  should 
assign  the  sons  to  the  first  marriage  and  the 
daughter  to  the  second  is  incomprehensible ~ 

It  was  Le  Prevost  who  exploded  the  legend 
that  Gilbert  de  Gant  (Gaunt,  Ghent  or 
Gand)  sprang  from  the  Counts  of  Flanders, 
and  showed  that  he  was  brother  of  Baldwin 
de  Gant,  Lord  of  Alost,  and  son  of  Ralph 
(see  his  note  on  '  Orderic,'  vol.  iii.,  p.  360). 

Dr.  Round  showed  that  Hugh  II.  had 
another  daughter,  Adeline,  who  eventually 
carried  her  father's  English  barony  to  her 
husband,  Robert  de  Vere  ('  Geoffrey  de 
Mandeville,'  p.  326).  For  chronological 
reasons,  I  have  recently  suggested  that 
Adeline  was  the  child  of  an  unrecorded  third 
marriage,  but  this  is  only  a  conjecture 
(see  my  paper  on  '  Constables  under  the 
Norman  Kings  '  in  The  Genealogist,  January. 
1922). 

2.  Dugdale  also  seems  to  be  responsible 
!  for  attaching  Thurstan  de  Montfort  (founder 
|  of  the  Warwickshire  family)  to  the  second 

house  of  Montfort-sur-Risle,  which  descended 
from  Gilbert  de  Gant  and  Alice  de  Montfort. 
Dr.  Round  wrote  : — 

Dugdale  is  terribly  at  sea  in  his  account  ol  the 
Montfort  descent,  wrongly  affiliating  the  War- 
wickshire Thurstan  (ancestor  of  the  Lords  Mont- 
fort) to  the  Kentish  house,  and  confusing  hi& 
generations  wholesale  (especially  in  the  case  of 
Adeline,  wife  of  William  de  Breteuil).  ('  Geoffrey 
de  Mandeville,'  p.  327.) 

Any  evidence  on  the  real  parentage  of 
this  Thurstan  de  Montfort  would  be  very 
welcome.  G.  H.  WHITE, 

23,  Weighton  Road,  Anerley. 

SERMON  AT  PAUL'S  CROSS,  1577  (12  S.  x. 
249). — New  style  was  not  introduced  into 
England  until  1752.  Under  old  style  Dec. 
9,  1576,  was  Sunday  (the  second  Sunday 


12  s.x.  APRIL  15,1922.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


295 


in  Advent),  and  Nov.  3,   1577,  was  Sunday 
{the  twenty -second  Sunday  after  Trinity). 

FAMA. 

Oxford. 

THE  "  WOE  WATERS  "  OF  WHARRAM-LE- 
STREET  (12  S.  ix.  430).— The  "  woe  waters  " 
of  Wharram  are  said  to  rise  before  any 
national  calamity.  Last  year  (1921)  they 
did  not  rise.  On  the  day  of  the  funeral  of 
King  Edward  VII.  the  people  of  Butter- 
wick  could  not  attend  the  memorial  service 
in  their  parish  church  of  Foxholes,  as  the 
"  woe  waters "  flooded  the  highway  and 
made  it  impassable.  C.  V.  COLLIER. 

Langton. 

GENERAL  CYRUS  TRAPAUD  (12  S.  x. 
190). — Sir  Joshua  Reynolds's  portrait  of 
General  Cyrus  Trapaud  is  now  in  the  United 
States.  The  outlines  of  his  career  are  | 
given,  with  a  photogravure,  in  a  brochure, 
privately  printed,  which  I  wrote  a  year  or 
so  ago.  There  are  copies  of  this  brochure 
in  the  Print  Room,  British  Museum,  and  in 
the  Art  Library,  Victoria  and  Albert 
Museum.  W.  ROBERTS. 

18,  King's  Avenue,  S.W.4. 

THE  "CHALYBEATE,"  BRIGHTON  (12  S. 
x.  209). — This  spring  of  mineral  water, 
said  to  be  similar  in  its  properties  to  those 
of  Tunbridge  Wells,  is  situated  in  St.  Ann's 
Gardens.  The  drawing  referred  to  may 
represent  the  present  structure  in  the 
grounds.  The  Gardens  were  acquired  some 
14  years  ago  by  the  Corporation  of  Hove, 
extended,  improved,  and  thrown  open  to 
the  public.  GERALD  LODER. 

PILATE'S  WIFE  (12  S.  x.  150,  217).— MR. 
WAINEWRIGHT,  who  is  at  present  away 
from  his  books,  has  asked  me  to  correct  an 
oversight  in  his  communication  at  the 
latter  reference. 

Germanicus's  wife,  Agrippina,  was  a 
daughter  of  Marcus  Vipsanius  Agrippa  and 
Julia,  daughter  of  the  Emperor  Augustus. 
Vipsania  Agrippina,  the  wife  of  Tiberius, 
was  the  daughter  of  Agrippa  by  his  first  wife 
Pomponia,  daughter  of  Cicero's  friend, 
Titus  Pomponius  Atticus.  Tiberius  was 
compelled  by  Augustus  to  divorce  her  and 
to  marry  his  daughter  Julia,  Agrippa's 
widow.  By  this  arrangement  Tiberius 
became  the  husband  of  his  stepmother -in  - 
law.  As  Professor  Bury  observes  : — 

No  statesman  perhaps  has  ever  gone  further 
than  Augustus  in  carrying  out  a  cold-blooded 
method  of  uniting  and  divorcing  for  the  sake  of 
dynastic  calculations. 


We  learn  from  Tacitus,  '  Annals,'  i.  12, 
that  Tiberius 's  divorced  wife  afterwards 
married  C.  Asinius  Gallus. 

EDWARD  BENSLY. 

BRETEL  (12  S.  x.  170).— On  p.  40  of  Prof. 
Weekley's  'Surnames'  (1917),  Beorht- 
weald  (the  component  parts  mean  bright 
and  rule)  is  given  as  the  original  of  the  names 
Brettle  and  Brittle.  EDWARD  BENSLY. 

SIR  THOMAS  PHILLIPPS  (12  S.  x.  189, 
230). — CLARIORES  E  TENEBRIS  should  con- 
sult The  National  Review  for  1910,  for  in 
describing  the  forthcoming  sale  of  Phillipps's 
manuscripts  on  June  6,  Mr.  W.  Roberts 
applies  the  title  of  "  King  of  Manuscript 
Collectors  "  to  Phillipps.  Kir.  Roberts  cal- 
culates that  Phillipps  had  hoarded  60,000 
manuscripts,  and  I  was  assured  ten  years 
ago  by  Mr.  Tom  Hodge,  late  partner  in 
Sotheby,  Wilkinson  and  Hodge,  that  the 
dispersal  of  the  collection  would  then  take 
another  fifty  years.  Phillipps  was  a  Fellow 
of  the  Royal  Society  and  a  trustee  of  the 
British  Museum,  and  it  was  calculated  by 
a  writer  in  The  Quarterly  Review  of  May, 
1843,  that  "in  his  ardour  for  collecting" 
Phillipps  disbursed  £100,000. 

He  failed  to  reciprocate  the  compliment 
of  the  British  Museum  and  "  forgot  "  it. 
His  dislikes  were  tobacco  and  popery,  and 
his  will  (Athenceum,  Feb.  17,  1872)  is  reputed 
to  have  contained  a  clause  that  no  Roman 
Catholic  was  to  cross  his  threshold.  The 
man  to  "  value  "  his  library  after  death 
was  Toovey,  the  Piccadilly  bookseller,  a 
Roman  Catholic  ! 


Whetstone,  N.20. 


H.  PROSSER  CHANTER. 


Besides  his  collection  of  manuscripts,  see 
the  list  of  108  works  privately  printed  by 
him  at  Middle  Hill  (Worcestershire)  between 
1817  and  1858,  given  in  '  N.  &  Q.,'  2  S.  vi. 
389-391.  R.  B. 

Upton. 

Some  of  the  MSS.  of  Sir  Thomas 
Phillipps,  the  antiquary,  were  printed  at 
his  private  press  at  Middle  Hill.  Many 
years  ago  I  got  from  his  son-in-law,  the 
Rev.  J.  E.  A.  Fenwick,  of  Thirlestane 
House,  Cheltenham,  a  copy  of  Glamorgan- 
shire Pedigrees,  of  which  only  28  copies 
were  issued,  in  a  thin  folio  volume,  boards. 
Inserted  are  four  sheets  printed  in  pedigree 
form,  giving  Mansell  of  Trimsaren,  Shewen 
of  Stradey,  and  two  other  families.  On 


296 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [12  S.X.APRIL  is,  1022. 


Second    edition, 
E.  T.  P.  S. 


le    page 
printed  22  July  1847." 

OLDMIXON  (10  S.  vi.  249,  416  ;  x.  237).— 
John  Oldmixon,  presumably  a  son  of  the 
Somersetshire  John  Oldmixon,  was  elected 
a  writer  for  Bengal  on  Dec.  7,  1716,  his 
securities  being  Bees  Jones,  periwig-maker 
in  Bartholomew  Close,  and  John  Oldmixon 
of  Bridgwater,  Somerset.  He  sailed  to 
India  in  the  Cardigan  in  January,  1717. 
He  rose  to  be  a  senior  merchant  and  died 
in  Bengal,  where  he  was  buried  on  March 
15,  1735.  He  appears  to  have  left  no  will. 
For  particulars  of  his  election  and  ser- 
vices see  *  Court  Minutes '  of  the  E.I. 
Co.  (1716)  and  '  Bengal  Public  Consulta- 
tions '  (E.I.  Co.'s  MS.  Records) ;  see  also 
C.  R.  Wilson's  '  Early  Annals  of  Bengal,' 
vol.  iii.  L-  M.  ANSTEY. 

'LA  SANTA  PARENTELA '  (12  S.  x.  107, 
157,  233). — This  was  a  favourite  subject 
with  the  York  school  of  glass -painting,  who 
seem  to  have  drawn  their  subjects  from  the 
same  source  as  that  from  which  they  drew 
the  glass  they  painted  them  on,  viz.,  the 
Rhenish  provinces.  Three  of  the  panels 
across  the  base  of  the  east  window  of  Holy 
Trinity,  Goodramgate,  York,  which  is  dated 
1470,  depict  (1)  St.  Mary  Cleophas  and  her 
husband  Alphseus  with  their  four  children, 
Thaddeus  (St.  Jude),  Simon,  James  the  Less, 
and  Joseph  Justus  in  his  mother's  arms. 
One  of  the  children  carries  a  boat  and  an- 
other a  staff.  (2)  St.  Joachim  and  St.  Anne 
with  their  daughter  the  Blessed  Virgin  and 
the  Child  Jesus.  (3)  Zebedee  and  Mary 
Salome  and  their  two  children,  James  the 
Great  and  John  Ev.  (vide  Benson,  '  Ancient 
Painted  Glass  in  York  ').  A  window  which 
has  originally  contained  the  same  subjects 
and  painted  from  the  same  cartoons  is  in 
St.  Martin-le-Grand,  Coney  Street,  York. 
Another  window  in  the  south  aisle  of  the 
choir  of  the  Minster  shows  Zebedee  and 
St.  Mary  with  St.  James  and  St.  John, 
St.  Joachim  and  St.  Anne  with  the  Blessed 
Virgin,  and  St.  Joseph  and  St.  Mary  with 
Jesus.  JOHN  A.  KNOWLES. 

DESCENDANTS  OF  RICHABD  PENDERELL 
(12  S.  x.  169,  256). — In  The  Observer  of 
July  10  last  year,  I  wrote  a  letter  on  the 
subject  of  Pendrell,  giving,  I  think,  the 
inscription  in  the  churchyard  of  St.  Giles-in- 
the-Fields,  then  badly  needing  repair.  On 
this  inscription  the  name  is  spelt  "  Pendrell "  ; 
but  many  words  in  the  inscription  are 
chipped. 


In  Griffith's  '  History  of  Tong  and  Bosco- 
bel,'  in  which  Thomas  Blount's  account  i» 
related  at  length,  the  name  is  given  as 
"  Penderell,"  which  is  probably  correct. 
If  so  spelt  on  the  inscription,  which  is  in 
verse,  it  would  interfere  with  the  scansion. 
ARTHUR  F.  G.  LEVESON  GOWER. 

About  25  years  ago  I  copied  the  following 
from  Add.  MS.  No.  11,425,  British  Museum. 
The  extracts  are  from  'Clement's  Church 
Notes,'  taken  in  1731,  I  think  under  the 
heading  of  Northamptonshire;  though  of 
course  "  Whiteladies  Chapel,"  as  he  calls 
it,  long  since  a  ruin,  is  in  Shropshire,  near 
Shifnal.  I  was  at  Boscobel  a  few  years  later 
and  tried  to  find  the  stones. 

Upon  an  ordinary  stone  at  ye  East  end  is 
this  Inscription  for  ye  Mother  of  the  Pendrils 
so  ominsnt  [?  eminent]  for  their  Loyalty  to  their 
Sovereign  K.  Charles  ye  2nd. 


Here  lyeth  the  Body  of  a  Friend 
Whom  the  King  did  call  Dame  Joane,* 
But  now  she  is  deceast  and^gone 
Interr'd  Anno  Do  1669. 

Near  the  above  : — 


Here  lyeth  the  body  of 

Mary  Magdalen  wife 

of  Gilbert  Morrey  daughter 

of  William  Pendril  who 
Dep  :  this  life  the  25  day 
of  Sept :  Anno  Dom  1690. 

HERBERT  SOUTHAM. 

THE  REV.  GEORGE  SACKVILLE  COTTER 
(12  S.  x.  251). — Brady,  ('Clerical  Records 
of  Cork,  &c.,'  vol.  ii.,  p.  231)  says  that  he 
married  Margaret  Rogers.  Burke's  '  Peer- 
age '  agrees  with  this.  His  successor  in  the 
rectory  of  Igtermurragh,  diocese  of  Cloyne, 
was  admitted  Sept.  10,  1831,  vice  Cotter, 
deceased.  H.  B.  SWANZY. 

Vicarage,  Newry. 

WATTS  PHILLIPS,  DRAMATIST,  NOVELIST 
AND  ARTIST  (12  S.  x.  226). — A  serial  en- 
titled '  Fortune's  Wheel :  A  Story  of  Ups 
and  Downs,'  by  Watts  Phillips,  appeared 
in  No.  903,  vol.  xxxv.,  May  31,  1862,  of 
The  London  Journal.  This  serial  was 
illustrated  by  an  artist  of  the  name  of 
T.  H.  Nicholson,  possibly  the  same  as  the 
one  in  question ;  anyway  a  comparison  of 
the  two  series  of  illustrations  might  clear 
the  matter.  FRANK  JAY. 


*  See  '  Boscobel  Tracts.' 


,2S.x.APMi,]5,i922.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


297 


THE  COUNTESS  GUICCIOLI'S  *  RECOLLEC- 
TIONS OF  LORD  BYRON  '  (12  S.  x.  229). — E. 
may  perhaps  find  a  sufficient  reply  to  his 
inquiry  if  he  will  turn  to  '  N.  &  Q.,'  4  S. 
iii.  490.  R.  B. 

Upton. 

RHYMED  HISTORY  OF  ENGLAND  (12  S. 
x.  249). — The  following  doggerel  lines  may 
be  those  referred  to.  I  am  not  aware  of 
their  source,  which  I  should  be  glad  to  know 
of,  and  also  the  correct  version,  as  there  are 
obvious  errors. 

William  the  Conqueror  long  did  reign, 

Bill  Rufus  his  son  by  an  arrow  was  slain. 

Henry  the  First  was  a  scholar  bright, 

Stephen  was  forced  for  his  crown  to  fight. 

Se  ond  Henry,  Plantagenet's  name  did  bear, 

Richard,  Coeur  de  Lion,  was  his  son  and  heir. 

Famed  Magna  Charta  was  gained  from  John, 

Which  Henry  the  Third  put  his  seal  upon. 

Edward  the  First  was  a  tiger  bold  ; 

Second  Edward  by  rebels  was  bought  and  sold. 

Edward  the  Third  was  his  subjects'  pride, 

His  grandson  Richard  was  set  on  one  side. 

Henry  the  Fourth  was  a  bold  wight ; 

Henry  the  Fifth  right  bravely  did  fight. 

Henry  the  Sixth  like  a  chick  did  pout 

When  his  cousin  Fourth  Edward  had  turned  him 

out. 

Edward  the  Fifth  was  smothered  in  bed 
By  crooked-back  Richard,  who  was  knocked  on 
,    the  head 

By  Henry  the  Seventh,  who  in  fame  grew  big, 
While  Henry  the  Eighth  was  as  fat  as  a  pig. 
Edward  the  Sixth  was  too  easily  led, 
His  sister  Mary  for  her  faith  would  have  bled. 
The  reign  of  Queen  Bess  for  great  men  was  famed  ; 
James  the  sixth  of  Scotland  the  first  of  England 

was  named. 

Charles  the  First,  his  son,  was  a  martyr  made, 
Charles  the  Second,  his  son,  was  a  comical  blade. 
James  the  Second  when  hotly  spurred 
Ban  away,  I  assure  you,  from  William  the  Third. 
Queen  Anne  was  victorious  by  land  and  sea. 
George  the  First  from  Hanover  we  see. 
George  the  Second  and  Third  long  the  worms  have 

fed, 

And  William  the  Fourth  is  also  now  dead, 
And  Queen  Victoria  reigns  in  their  stead. 

G.  L. 

If  your  correspondent  will  communicate 
with   me,    I    shall   be    glad   to   lend  him  a 
small     pamphlet     published     anonymously 
in     Bolton     in    1897,    entitled    'Dates    of 
the  Sovereigns    of    England  since  the  Con- 
quest in  Rhyme.'      It  consists  of  eighteen 
verses  and  averages  about  two  lines  to  each 
reign.     The  accented  syllables  are  in  italics, 
and  each  verse  goes  with  a  swing,  e.g.  : — 
William  the  Conqueror's  date  we  fix, 
In  the  year  one  thousand  and  sixty -six  ; 
And  in  one  thousand  and  eighty-seven, 
To  his  son  William  Rufus  the  Throne  was  given. 

I  have  an  impression  that  this  pamphlet 


is  printed  and  circulated  very  generally 
all  over  England,  and  has  been  for  many 
years  past  (confirmation  of  this  will  be 
appreciated),  in  spite  of  the  fact  that  the 
Bolton  printer  gives  me  the  name  and 
address  of  the  supposed  author.  I  think 
he  is  making  a  mistake  in  believing  that 
the  person  who  orders  the  pamphlet  in 
considerable  numbers  is  necessarily  the 
author  of  it.  ARCHIBALD  SPARKE. 

HENRY  ELLIS  BOATES  (12  S.  x.  251). — 
He  appears  in  1790  as  a  merchant,  the  firm 
being  William  Boates  and  Co.,  of  25,  Drury 
Lane,  Liverpool.  Probably  he  was  a  son 
of  the  William  Boates,  merchant,  who  then 
lived  at  that  address,  and  who  appears 
in  the  Directory  of  1766  at  Lancelots  Hey. 
In  1796  the  firm  of  Boates  and  Seaman, 
merchants,  occurs,  their  counting-house 
being  at  3,  Drury  Lane.  The  Directory 
does  not  show  who  was  Henry  Ellis  Boates's 
partner.  Two  Thomas  Seamans  occur  that 
year,  one  evidently  being  the  same  as  Capt. 
Thos.  Seaman  of  Clayton  Square  in  1781  ; 
the  other  is  Thomas  Seaman,  blockmaker, 
18,  New  Hall  Street.  I  can  find  no  further 
trace  of  the  name  in  Liverpool.  According 
to  Burke' s  '  Landed  Gentry,'  Chas.  Morrall 
of  New  Hall,  Salop,  and  Chester,  J.P.,  D.L., 
a  brother  of  Cyrus  Morrall,  a  Liverpool 
merchant,  married  Elizabeth,  dau.  of 
William  Boates  of  Liverpool,  and  I  also  see 
Capt.  W.  Boates  married  Emma,  dau.  of  the 
Rev.  Chas.  Shtittleworth-Holden  of  Aston, 
Co.  Derby.  The  latter  died  in  1820. 

R.   S.   B. 

Two  sons  of  Mrs.  Boates  of  Rose  Hill, 
Wrexham,  and  the  late  Henry  Ellis  Boates, 
entered  Rugby  School  in  August,  1808: — 

1.  Henry  Ellis,  aged   13,  who  became  a 
Lieutenant -Colonel   of  the   Blues,   was   en- 
gaged at  Toulouse  and  Waterloo,  and  was 
killed  when  hunting,  1858. 

2.  William,    aged     12,    who    became    a 
Captain  in  the  Army,  and  died  in  1845. 

A.  T.  M. 

HENRY  FURNESSE  (FURNESE)  (12  S.  x. 
251). — Something  about  him  may  be 
gathered  from  Horace  Walpole's  '  Letters,' 
where  we  are  told  he  was  a  friend  of 
Lord  Bath  and  a  personal  enemy  to  Sir 
Robert  Walpole.  He  sat  in  1742  on  the 
Secret  Committee  to  inquire  into  Lord 
Orford's  political  acts.  Furnese  was  then 
Secretary  to  the  Treasury,  becoming  a  Lord 
of  the  Treasury  in  1755.  A  ballad  of  the 


298 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [wax.APBiLi6.igji. 


day  terms  him  "  Berenger's  clerk,"  "  Thou  I 
Bourgeois    Gentilhomme  "  ;      and    Walpole  ! 
calls  him  "  a  ridiculous  object,"  and  "  that  \ 
old  rag  of  a  dishclout  ministry."     He  died ! 
on  Aug.  28,  1756,  and  his  collection  of  pic-  j 
tures  at  Gunnersbury  Park  was  sold  about  j 
1758.     Berenger    was    Moses    Berenger,    aj 
merchant.      "  G.  E.  C."  presumes  this  Henry 
Furnese  to  be  a  cousin  of  Sir  Henry  Furnese, 
Bart.,  of  Waldershare,  Kent,  and  says  he 
was  M.P.  for  Romney.  R.  S.  B. 

Henry  Furnese  of  Gunnersbury,  Esq., 
who  was  trustee  of  the  marriage  settlement 
of  Katherine,  widow  of  Lewis,  Earl  of  Rock- 
ingham,  and  daughter  of  Sir  Robert  Furnese, 
Bart.,  on  her  marriage  with  Francis,  Earl 
of  Guildford,  in  1751,  and  died  unmarried 
in  August,  1756,  leaving  his  sister,  Elizabeth 
Peirce,  widow,  his  heiress -at-law.  She  was 
described  as  of  Gunnersbury,  where  she  con- 
veyed the  trust  estate  in  1757.  He  appears 
to  have  been  a  Lord  of  the  Treasury  and ! 
M.P.— Morpeth  1738-41,  New  Romney  | 
1741-56.  Musgrave's  Obituary  gives  the| 
date  of  his  death  as  Aug.  28  ;  The  Gentle-  \ 
mail's  Magazine  as  Aug.  30.  He  is  referred 
to  in  Ly sons' s  *  Environs  '  and  also  by 
Faulkner,  who  calls  him  Turner,  in  the 
*  History  of  Baling.'  There  was  an  M.P. 
of  this  name  who  sat  for  Dover  1720-34,  but 
whether  he  was  the  same  as  the  M.P.  for 
New  Romney  or  not  I  cannot  say. 

J.  B.  WHITMORE. 

STORY  BY  EDGAR  ALLAN  POE  WANTED  (12  S. 
x.  230). — The  story  required  is  entitled  '  Berenice  ' 
and  can  be  found  in  certain  editions  of  '  Tales  of 
Mystery  and  Imagination,'  by  Edgar  Allan  Poe. 
My  edition  is  illustrated  by  Harry  Clarke  and 
published  by  George  G.  Harrap  and  Co.,  Ltd. 
(1919).  BEATRICE  BOYCE. 

AUTHORS  WANTED. — 

(12S.  x.  252.) 

3.  The  lines  wanted  are  to  be  found  in  '  The 
Gude  and  Godlie  Ballates  '   (1578),    reprinted    in 
1868,  the  first  of  eleven  stanzas  running  thus  : — 
"  The  Paip,  that  pagane  full  of  pryde, 

He  hos  vs  blindit  lang  ;  f 
For  quhair  the  blind  the  blind  dois  gyde, 

Na  wonder  thay  ga  wrang  : 
Lyke  prince  and  king  he  led  the  ring 

Of  all  iniquitie  : 
Hay  trix,  tryme  go  trix, 

Vnder  the  grene  [wod-tree]." 
David  Laing's  note  is  :  "In  this  satirical 
effusion,  the  expressions  used  evidently  refer  to 
events  when  the  Protestants,  under  the  name  of 
The  Congregation,  had  taken  matters  into  their 
own  hands,  or,  to  the  year  1559.  "  H.  M.  C.  M. 

"  The  Pope,  that  pagan  full  of  pride,"  &c. 
This  is  the  beginning  of  the  old  song  '  Trim-go- 
trix,'  which  first  appeared  in  "  A  Compendious 


Book  of  Godly  and  Spiritual  Songs  .  .  . 
with  Augmentation  of  Sundrie  Gude  and 
Godly  Ballates.  Edinbro,  printed  by  Andrs 
Hart."  It  is  best  known,  perhaps,  from  ito 
having  been  appropriated  by  Scott  in  '  The 
Abbot,'  as  being  sung  by  the  followers  of  the 
Abbot  of  Unreason  when  they  invade  the  Abbey 
Church.  The  title  '  Trim-go-trix  '  is  taken  from 
the  refrain.  T.  F.  D. 

The  lines, 

"  The  Paip,  that  pagan  full  of  pride, 

Hath  blinded  us  ower  lang," 

and  the  lines  immediately  succeeding,  are  in- 
troduced in  Scott's  novel,  '  The  Abbot,'  as  taken, 
with  some  trifling  alterations,  from  a  sixteenth- 
century  ballad  called  '  Trim-go-trix.'  See  chap. 
xv.  of  the  novel  and  the  footnote. 

C.  L.  SAYER. 

(12  S.  x.    94,    159.) 

At  the  second  reference  a  correspondent  attri- 
butes the  lines  beginning  "  Lord,  for  to-morrow  and 
its  needs,"  to  "  the  late  Sister  Xavier  "  of  Liver- 
pool, without  date.  I  have  also  heard  it  attributed 
to  Samuel  Wilberforce.  It  appears  as  Hymn  No. 
676,  "  Anon.,  1880,"  in  the  Canadian  Church  of 
England  Hymn  Book  compiled  in  1909.  When 
this  hymnal  appeared  in  1910  in  Canada  an  odd 
incident  occurred.  A  newspaper  clipping  in  my 
possession  dated  October,  1910,  records  the  fact 
that  on  Oct.  2,  1910,  one  William  Huckle  of 
Hamilton,  Ontario,  formerly  of  London,  England, 
wrote  from  the  Penitentiary,  Kingston,  Ont., 
where  he  was  serving  a  seven-year  term  for  ob- 
taining money  under  false  pretences,  to  the 
Bt.  Bev.  Charles  Hamilton,  Bishop  of  Ottawa, 
and  chairman  of  the  Hymn-Book  Compilation 
Committee,  claiming  authorship  of  Hymn  676 
(popularly  known  as  "  Just  for  To-day  "),  and 
giving  a  circumstantial  story  of  how  he  came  to 
write  it.  Huckle  declared  that  in  July,  1878, 
whilst  addressing  an  open-air  meeting  in  Hyde 
Park,  London,  on  "  Infidelity  versus  Christian- 
ity," he  got  into  an  argument  with  an  infidel 
listener  over  the  words  "  Give  xis  this  day  our 
daily  bread,"  and  the  same  evening  wrote  the 
hymn,  of  which  20,000  copies  were  shortly 
printed  over  Huckle's  name  by  a  printer  named 
Fred  Crawley.  Further  copies  of  the  hymn 
were  printed  and  circulated  (continued  Huckle) 
hi  1883,  1887  and  1898.  Huckle's  letter  to  Bishop 
Hamilton  in  1910  created  much  talk  at  the  time 
and  though  his  statement  was  contradicted  I 
never  heard  of  any  circumstantial  disproof.  Is 
it  not  possible  to  identify  the  author  beyond 
doubt  ?  A.  T.  W. 

Toronto. 


on  poofes. 

The  Problem  of  Style.     By  J.  Middleton  Murry. 

(Humphrey  Milford,   Oxford  University  Press. 

6s.  6d.  net.) 

As  its  author  remarks,  the  contents  of  this  book 
"  were  written  as  lectures  not  as  essays,"  and 
they  so  far  retain  the  attitude  of  argumentative 
appeal  to  an  actually  present  audience  as  to  lose, 


12  s.x.  APRIL  is,  1922.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


299 


in  their  slow  elaboration  of  their  thesis,  something 
of  that  precision  on  which  he  lays  so  much  em- 
phasis. For  all  that,  the  book  stands  out  not  as 
perfect,  not  even  always  authoritative,  but  as  a 
genuine,  deliberate  piece  of  work,  which,  if  it  may 
sometimes  irritate,  does  not  trifle.  Mr.  Murry 
does  not  treat  literature  as  a  business  of  haphazard 
emotions  and  half-considered  views,  but  as  a 
serious  matter  ;  again  and  again  he  takes  pains  to 
remember  and  to  return,  in  explication  or  elabora- 
tion, to  propositions  previously  set  forth.  While 
this  is  a  solid  piece  of  analytical  work,  which  does 
not  disdain  subsequent  construction,  it  does  not 
profess  to  be  complete  ;  it  seeks  "  to  ventilate 
a  few  of  the  actual  problems  that  confront  a 
literary  critic."  Though  the  author  delivered  the 
lectures  at  Oxford  he  did  not  drop  his  natural  role 
for  that  of  the  professor :  "  I  am  not  expanding  a 
doctrine,  I  am  engaged  on  a  voyage  of  discovery." 
Of  other  men's  definitions  of  style  which  he  quotes 
he  declares  his  preference  for  Stendhal's  "  Le 
style  c'est  ajouter  a  une  pensee  donnee  toutes  les 
circonstances  propres  &  produire  tout  1'effet  que 
doit  produire  cette  pensee."  This,  from  his  own 
angle  of  vision,  becomes  "  the  expression  that  is 
inevitable  and  organic  to  an  individual  mode  of 
experience."  Such  style  Mr.  Murry  pronounces 
"  the  very  pinnacle  of  the  pyramid  of  art."  Both 
are  allied  to  Pater's  "  The  one  word  for  the  one 
thing,  the  one  thought,  amid  the  multitude  of 
words,  terms  that  might  just  do  :  the  problem  of 
style  was  there  ! — the  unique  word  .  .  . 
absolutely  proper  to  the  single  mental  presentation 
or  vision  within." 

But  a  definition's  function  is  to  describe.  Mr. 
Murry  is  looking  for  the  inner  secret  of  style.  The 
main  value  of  his  book  (and  a  study  of  it  should 
be  valuable  to  all  those  who  not  only  desire  but 
one  day  will  be  able  to  write)  is  in  the  fourth 
and  fifth  chapters,  where  he  searches  for  this 
secret.  His  guiding  thread  is  one  word  in 
Stendhal's  definition,  pensee,  which,  he  insists, 
must  not  be  confined  to  intellectual  activity,  but, 
as  in  our  common  and  loose  use  of  the  word 
thought,  must  cover  the  whole  of  our  inner  experi- 
ence. Hazarding  the  generalization  that  so  far 
as  pure  literature  is  concerned  "  thought  is  always 
the  handmaid  of  emotion,"  he  gradually  unfolds 
his  theory  that  a  writer's  essential  task  is  to  convey 
precise  emotional  suggestion.  Those  two  adjec- 
tives contain  the  core  of  his  literary  doctrine, 
which  is  to  be  turned  into  reality  by  a  process 
which  he  calls  "  crystallization."  In  the  fifth 
chapter  he  subtly  analyses  this  process  ;  briefly 
its  result  may  be  described  as  a  perception  with 
a  felt  content  as  contradistinguished  from  that 
dreariest  of  literary  failures,  a  mere  list  of  things 
SCI-H.  This  vital  distinction  he  illustrates  wittily 
by  quotations  from  living  novelists.  A  not  less 
striking  example  might  be  found  in  two  modern 
poets,  in  Mr.  Munro's  '  '  Everything,'  a  depressing 
catalogue  if  ever  there  was  one,  and  that  elusive 
quatrain,  '  Les  roses  dans  la  coupe,'  which  Albert 
Samain  prefixed  to  '  Le  Chariot  d'Or.' 

On  the  side  of  form  as  apart  from  content,  Mr. 
Murry  reminds  us — and  it  is  an  apt  warning  to-day 
— of  the  constant  tendency  of  language  to  attrition, 
as  a  coin  passing  from  hand  to  hand  in  time  loses 
its  image  and  superscription;  arguing,  therefore, 
that  a  writer  has  not  finished  when  he  has  felt 
his  perception,  but  must  revitalize  this  perishing 


speech  of  ours,  and  that,  if  a  creative  writer  alone 
can  coin  new  words,  the  obligation  still  lies  on 
lesser  writers  to  use  language  recharged  with  native 
vitality. 

We  may  note  in  passing  that  his  protest  against 
"  the  familiar  suggestion  "  that  the  English  Bible  is 
the  highest  level  of  English  prose  was  uttered 
almost  at  the  moment  when  the  Departmental 
Committee  inquiring  into  the  Place  of  English  in 
English  Education  was  pleading  the  unique  value 
to  the  nation's  youth  of  acquaintance  with  the 
Authorized  Version — a  not  uninteresting  coinci- 
dence. 

Since  Mr.  Murry  is  not  antique,  his  indictment  of 
"  the  modern  mind  "  is  singularly  refreshing  : 
"  Democracy,  liberty,  resolution,  honour — none 
of  the  people  who  use  these  words  seem  to  have 
the  faintest  notion  what  they  mean,  or  a  desire 
that  they  should  mean  anything  .  .  .  the 
flabbiness  of  modern  thinking  is  not  really  com- 
parable to  the  sloppiness  of  modern  feeling." 
If  this  be  true,  how  shall  the  modern  mind  be 
saved  ?  Mr.  Murry  is  in  no  doubt.  For  him, 
there  is  one  supreme  poet,  supreme  in  matter  and 
style,  above  Homer,  above  all  others — Shakespeare. 
"  If  we  wish  to  learn  some  of  the  secrets  of  creative 
style  .  .  .  it  is  to  Shakespeare  that  we  must 
go." 

If  that  be  exaggeration,  it  tends  in  the  direction 
whither  his  face  is  persistently  set,  for  his  use  to 
the  present  moment's  literary  feebleness,  with  its 
undirected,  go-as-you-please  ideals  and  methods, 
lies  in  his  resolute  refusal  to  lower  the  standard,  in 
his  irrevocable  conviction  that  it  is  "a  funda- 
mental fact  that  there  is  a  hierarchy  in  literature, 
and  therefore  in  literary  style,"  which  is  perhaps 
another  way  of  saying  that  out  of  his  hoard  of 
treasures  he  has  brought  out  more  old  things  than 
new. 

Place-Names  of  the  Orange  Free  State.    By  Charles 

Pettman.  (Queenstown,  South  Africa.) 
WE  do  not  wonder  that  the  author's  friends, 
reading  this  compilation  as  a  series  of  articles 
in  a  Bloemfontein  paper,  desired  to  have  them 
in  book  form.  Mr.  Pettman,  whose  earlier  works 
on  the  speech  of  South  Africa  are  well  known  to 
everyone  interested  in  the  subject,  interweaves  a 
good  deal  of  geographical  and  historical  informa- 
tion with  his  account  of  the  names,  and,  we  hope, 
has  set  the  matter  in  such  a  light  that  some 
care  will  henceforth  be  taken  both  to  preserve 
interesting  old  names  and  to  invent  interesting 
new  ones.  It  would  be  useful  to  disseminate 
copies  of  this  work  among  members  of  the  Bail- 
way  Department  of  the  Free  State — for  we  learn 
with  dismay  that  they  had  proposed  to  substitute 
the  ugly  and  unmeaning  word  "  Suttonville  " 
for  Uijsklip,  the  name  of  the  spot  where  Petrus 
Uijs,  leader  of  the  first  Voortrekkers,  made  his 
treaty  with  Morka  the  Baralong  chief.  Bushmen, 
Hottentots,  and,  above  all,  the  Basuto  have  con- 
tributed many  names — some  of  them  sonorously 
beautiful  —  derived  largely  from  the  physical 
appearance,  or  use,  or  fauna  of  the  spot.  The 
Dutch  names  are  of  the  usual  colonial  kind, 
commemorative  of  victories  or  other  remarkable 
events,  reminiscent  of  places  in  the  mother-land 
or  given  in  honour  of  some  great  man.  Colonel 
Robert  Jacob  Gordon  gave  its  modern  name  to 
the  Orr.nge  River  in  1 779  in  honour  of  William  IV. 


300 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [12  s.  x.  APRIL  15, 1022. 


of  Orange.  Bloemfontein  is  the  subject  of  an 
interesting  disquisition  which  goes  to  show  that 
its  true  derivation  is  the  obvious  one,  "  fountain 
of  the  flowers,"  not  that  from  the  name  of  an  old 
robber  chief,  Jan  Blom.  Place-names  from 
personal  names  abound,  however,  som'e  from 
native  heroes  (Moroka's  Hoek,  Sikonyela's^Hoed), 
more  from  eminent  Europeans  or  Afrikanders. 
There  is  a  Napoleon's  Kop — so  called  from  its 
resemblance,  seen  against  the  sky,  to  the  head 
of  Napoleon  wearing  his  cocked  hat  ;  and  a 
Nelson's  Kop,  which  has  nothing  to  do  with 
the  great  Admiral,  but  is  called  from  a  worthy  of 
that  name  who  once  lived  in  Grahamstown. 
A  few  scriptural  names  have  been  noted  ;  and 
two  classical  names,  Tempe  and  Telemachus 
Kop.  Early  Dutch  names  derived  from  fauna 
now  serve  largely  as  a  reminder  of  the  past,  when 
game  of  all  kinds  was  plentiful.  The  descriptive 
names  given  by  the  Voortrekkers  are  fairly 
numerous,  but  of  a  pedestrian  quality  for  the 
most  part.  Among  names  of  miscellaneous 
origin  is  Misgunstfonteindrift — from  misgunst, 
envy,  jealousy — which,  if  it  ever  becomes  im- 
portant, and  is  not  changed,will  surely  be  shortened, 
and  would  doubtless  have  provided  a  pretty 
problem  for  future  philologists  but  for  the  inter- 
vention of  Mr.  Pettman. 

Acts  of  the  Privy  Council  of  England  (1613-1614). 

(H.M.S.  Stationery  Office.) 

A  FIRE  at  Whitehall  in  January,  1618,  destroyed 
the  Privy  Council  Registers  from  1602  to  1613. 
The  Preface  to  this  volume  quotes  the  contem- 
porary account  of  the  fire,  which  is  supposed  to 
have  been  caused  by  two  labourers,  though  they 
do  not  seem  to  have  been  actually  convicted  of 
the  offence  ;  it  also  tells  us  that  materials  towards 
filling  up  the  gap  are  being  prepared. 

The  present  volume  contains  plenty  of  material 
for  the  social  history  of  the  year.  Among  the 
documents  relating  to  London  are  those  con- 
cerned with  the  dispute  between  the  parishioners 
of  St.  Peter  the  Poor  and  Henry  Robinson,  who 
was  putting  up  buildings  in  Austin  Friars  which 
interfered  with  the  "  best  light  "  of  the  church  ; 
those  relating  to  a  dispute  between  the  plasterers 
and  the  bricklayers  ;  and  one  concerning  the 
regulations  for  London  carriages,  the  number 
of  which  "  since  the  fowerth  yeare  of  King 
Edward  6  "  had  "  bin  restrayned  to  400."  The 
state  of  the  Tyne  is  the  subject  of  several 
letters,  and  others  of  like  nature  are  con- 
cerned with  Norfolk  and  the  neighbourhood  of 
Ely.  Ireland  bulks  rather  largely.  Of  recusants 
and  Roman  Catholic  priests  we  get  a  fair  amount 
of  detail,  and  there  is  a  voluminous  and  frequent 
insistence  on  a  stricter  keeping  of  Lent  and 
abstinence  from  meat.  Those  of  our  corre- 
spondents who  are  interested  in  the  Andertons 
of  Lostock  may  like  to  know  that  they  once  or 
twice  figure  in  these  pages.  An  interesting  point 
of  ecclesiastical  history  is  the  establishment  of 
the  Church  in  Jersey  and  the  questions  con- 
cerning the  orders  received  by  a  certain  Elias 
Messervy,  a  native  of  Jersey  and  student  of 
Oxford  University,  "  after  the  manner  of  the 
Church  of  England,"  which  did  not  obtain  the 
"  likeing  and  approbation "  of  the  Jersey 
authorities,  who  would  have  had  him  ordained 
by  the  rite  received  amongst  them. 


Bacon  and  Shakespeare.     By  A.  S.  E.  Ackermann. 

(Contributed  to  The  Central.) 
VfB.  ACKEBMANN,  occupied  with  Popular  Fallacies, 
las  hit  on  a  good  line  for  testing  the  Bacori- 
•Ihakespeare  hypothesis.  He  presumes  that 
Bacon,  indefeasibly  scientific,  would  not,  even  in 
plays,  write  loosely  about  natural  facts,  or  give 
my  adherence  in  them  to  popular  errors  which 
tie  knew  to  be  such — and  Bacon  knew  a  great 
deal.  If  the  plays  contain  many  Popular 
Fallacies  the  presumption  goes  against  his  author- 
ship. Mr.  Ackermann  takes  Bacon's  principal 
works  as  the  backbone  of  his  plan,  and,  subject  by 
subject,  compares  whathe  finds  in.them  with  what 
he  finds  in  the  plays.  We  are  given  a  shock  at 
the  very  outset.  Considering  the  Popular  Fallacy 
that  the  act  of  dying  is  painful — a  fallacy  which 
Bacon  rebuts — our  author  says  :  "  Shakespeare 
has  only  one  reference  to  death,"  and  proceeds  to 
quote  Edgar  in  the  last  act  of  '  Lear.'  We  think 
of  the  beetle  and  the  giant  in  '  Measure  for 
Measure ';  of  '  Hamlet.'  .  .  .  But  this  would 
take  us  too  far.  This  is  not  the  only  criticism 
which  a  lover  of  Shakespeare  might  make  ;  but, 
on  the  whole,  this  little  treatise  is  suggestive, 
amusing,  and  even  instructive.  At  the  end  Mr. 
Ackermann  gives  us  a  tabular  statement  wherein 
Rfor  right  is  conspicuous  under  Bacon  and  W  for 
wrong  under  Shakespeare.  Bacon,  we  are  assured, 
is  right  in  47'  6  per  cent,  of  the  fallacies  he  touches ; 
Shakespeare  in  only  21-6  per  cent,  and  wrong  in 
74-5  per  cent.  Whereby  it  appears  that  prima 
facie  the  evidence  in  this  kind  supports  Shake- 
speare's authorship.  i 


STBEET  NOISES. — Mr.  J.  C.  OXENFOBD  writes  : — 
I  am  a  student  and  am  persecuted  in  my  work 
by  the  street  noises.  Some  years  ago  I  saw  the 
advertisement,  headed  '  A  boon  to  brain-workers,' 
of  some  device  which  one  inserted  in  the  ears, 
and  which,  it  was  claimed,  muffled  noises, 
have  searched  repeatedly  since,  but  cannot  find 
the  advertisement  in  current  periodicals.  Can 
anyone  oblige  with  a  reference  to  the  vendors  ?  " 


to  CorreSponbentsL 

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i2s.x.ApRn.22,i922.i      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


301 


LONDON,  APRIL   22,   1922. 

CONTENTS.— No.  210. 

NOTES  : — A  Miraculous  Stone,  301 — The  Romantic  Element 
in  Settecentescan  Dramatic  Criticism,  302 — Middlesex 
Justices,  1745,  305 — New  Light  on  William  Penn,  306 — The 
Stars  and  Stripes.  307— The  Bear,  the  Horse  and  the  Auber- 
gine, 308. 

QUERIES:— St.  Thomas's  Hospital.  308— "  Tuileurs."  a 
French  Masonic  Term— Elizabeth  Cleghorn  Gaskell— Viu- 
cenzo  Martinelli — Palavicini  Arms — Stone  Sign:  Lower 
Thames  Street— Rope  of  Sand — Wines — Spry  Family.  309 
— "  Hildebrand  Oaktree  " — Maltby  Family — Frogs  and 
Snails  as  Purifiers  of  Water— Beef :  Effect  on  One's  Witr- 
Thumb  Bibles— Peel  Yates — Thomas  Adams — Charles  (or 
Christopher)  Alcock— Daniel  de  Ligne— W.  J.  N.  Neale,  310. 

REPLIES  :-—"  Grave  "  and  "  Gressom."  311— Did  Lord  Byron 
make  a  Tour  in  Corsica  in  1821  ?  312 — Linnaeus  and  the 
Mile  End  Nurseryman — Mary  Seymour:  Lady  Bushell — 
John  Abercrombie.  313 — Eighteenth-century  London  Coffee- 
houses and  Taverns — Old  London  Bridge — The  One-legged 
Lord  Mayor,  314 — "  Tourd'Ivoire,"  315 — "  Southam  Cyder  " 
—Henry  Ellis  Boates  of  Liverpool — Barrel  Organs  in  Churches 
— Nevin  Family,  316 — "  The  King*s  Standinge  "  in  Rich- 
mond Park — "  Berwick,"  317 — "  Coget " — De  Heringeshae 
— Sir  Henry  Johnson  of  Poplar — Ruvigny's  Plantagenet  Rolls 
— Portrait  of  Lady  Harrington — Holborn,  Middle  Row— 
Grafton.  Oxon — Royal  Antediluvian  Order  of  Buffaloes — 
Lambert  Family.  318. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :— '  The  Ballads  of  Marko  Kraljevich  '— 
S.P.E.  Tracts  Nos.  VII.  and  VI11.— '  Primitive  Speech.'  Part  I. 
— The  Finch  MSS.,  Vol.  ii. — '  The  Battle  of  Brunanburh.' 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


A  MIRACULOUS  STONE. 

MANY  years  ago  I  came  across  the  follow- 
ing tract  in  the  British  Museum.  This  was 
before  I  had  examined  our  Records  at 
Aldeburgh,  and  previous  to  an  acquaint- 
ance with  William  Dowsing  (of  icono- 
clastic fame),  Captain  Johnson,  or  the  godly 
Mr.  Swayn ;  and  I  have  little  doubt  the 
story  was  planned,  staged,  and  played  for 
Parliamentarian  purposes.  Items  in  the 
Chamberlains'  Accounts  show  that  Johnson 
(who  died  Oct.  17,  1658,  and  is  described 
on  the  black  marble  tablet  in  the  church 
as  "  Captaine  of  the  Traineband ")  was 
paid  for  his  supply  of  Aldeburgh  lecturers. 
These  lecturers  all  over  the  country  were, 
I  believe,  powerful  agents  in  the  hands  of  the 
Parliamentarians,  who,  under  the  cloak 
of  piety,  "  turned  religion  into  rebellion 
and  faith  into  faction."  (Lecturers  are 
drastically  treated  by  Selden  in  his  *  Table 


Talk/ )  This  particular  tract  probably  paved 
the  way  in  part  for  William  Dowsing. 
Dowsing's  visitation  of  destruction  in  Suffolk 
began  on  Jan.  6,  1643,  and  in  50  days  150 
places  were  visited  by  him,  or  by  agents 
appointed  by  him  under  his  warrant.  The 
destruction  in  our  church  at  Aldeburgh  took 
place  on  Jan.  24,  1643  ;  the  order  was  given 
(as  appears  in  Dowsing's  nauseous  '  Diary ') 

for  taking  down  20  Churubims,  and  28  pictures 
which  their  lecturer  Mr.  Swayn  (a  godly  man) 
undertook,  and  their  Captain  Mr.  Johnson. 

Far  more  damage  was,  however,  done 
than  that  included  in  the  "  order,"  as  proved 
by  the  items  in  the  Accounts  for  the  repairs 
to  the  windows,  chancel,  floor  of  the  nave 
(whence  many  brasses  were  removed),  &c. 

The  story  is  miraculous  in  several  ways. 
The  printing  of  the  tract  seems  to  have 
been  expeditious,  to  say  the  least.  The 
sign  occurred  at  "  about  the  hour  of  four 
or  five  a  clock  in  the  afternoone  "  of  Aug.  4, 
and  we  find  the  tract  is  printed  on  the  12th 
day  of  the  same  month  in  London ;  this  almost 
looks  as  if  the  printer  had  received  some 
premonition  (in  the  absence  of  the  tele- 
phone) and  had  the  type  set,  especially  as 
"  Captaine  Johnson  and  one  Master  Thomp- 
son "  decided  to  continue  their  journey  to 
Aldeburgh  (and  one  can  imagine  their  re- 
ception at  the  "  Lion  "  !)  instead  of  turning 
rein  and  trying  to  get  to  the  "  Honourable 
House  of  Commons  "  before  the  "  scent  as 
was  hot  "  (presumably  sulphur)  had  left  the 
stone.  But  the  falling  of  the  stone  was 
certainly  "  somewhat  miraculous."  Instead 
of  embedding  itself  in  the  soft  sandy  soil, 
it  seems  to  have  grazed  "  in  the  fall  of  it 
along  upon  the  Heath  some  6  or  7  yards." 
We  are  not  told  what  kind  of  dog  "  was  in 
their  company  " — but  it  certainly  was  not  a 
King  Charjes's  spaniel  ! 

I  believe  this  tract  has  been  mentioned  in 
two  or  three  old  Suffolk  books.  It  is 
headed  : — 

A  syne  from  Heaven,  or  a  Fearefull  and  Terrible 
noise  heard  in  the  ayre  at  Alborow  in  the  County 
of  Suffolk  on  Thursday  the  4  day  of  August  at 
6  of  the  clock  in  the  afternoone  wherein  was 
heard  the  beating  of  Drums,  the  discharging  of 
muskets  and  great  ordnance  for  the  space  of  an 
hour  and  more,  as  will  be  attested  by  many  men 
of  good  worth  and  exhibited  to  some  chief  mem- 
bers of  the  Honourable  House  of  Commons  with 
a  stone  that  fell  from  the  sky  in  that  storme  or 
noise  rather  which  is  here  to  be  seen  in  Towne, 
being  of  a  great  weight. 

The  tract  is  printed  by  T.  Fawcet  on 
Aug.  12,  1642.  After  reciting  that  it  had 
been  foretold  that  we  should  be  visited  by 


302 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      ti2s.x.ApRiL22,i922. 


"Warres,"  "Famines"  and  great  "  Signes 
from  Heaven "  it  goes  on  to  relate  how 

upon  Thursday  the  4  day  of  this  instant  August, 
about  the  hour  of  foure  or  five  a  clock  in  the 
afternoons,  there  was  a  wonderfull  noyse  heard 
hi  the  ayre,  as  of  a  drum  beating  most  fiercely 
which  after  a  while  was  seconded  with  a  long 
peale  of  small  shot  and  after  that  a  discharging 
as  it  were  of  great  ordnance  in  a  pitcht  field.  This 
continued  with  some  vicissitudes  of  small  shot 
and  great  ordnance  for  the  space  of  one  hour 
and  an  halfe,  and  then  making  a  mighty  report 
altogether ;  at  the  ceasing  thereof  there  was 
observed  to  fall  down  out  of  the  skie  a  stone  of 
about  foure  pounds  weight,  which  was  taken  up 
by  them  who  saw  it  fall,  and  being  both  strange 
for  the  forme  of  it  and  somewhat  miraculous  for 
the  manner  of  it,  was  by  the  same  parties  who 
are  ready  to  attest  this  Truth  brought  up  and 
showed  to  a  worthy  member  of  the  House  of 
Commons,  upon  whose  ground  it  was  taken  up, 
and  by  him  to  divers  friends  who  hath  both  seen 
and  handled  the  same.  Now  the  manner  of 
finding  the  stone  was  on  this  wise  :  one  Captaine 
Johnson  and  one  Master  Thompson  men  well 
known  in  that  part  of  Suffolke  were  that  day  at 
Woodbridge  about  the  launching  of  a  ship  that 
was  newly  builded  there  who  hearing  this  mar- 
vellous noise  towards  Alborow  verily  supposed 
that  some  enemy  had  landed  and  some  sudden 
onset  made  upon  the  town  of  Alborow.  This 
occasioned  them  to  take  horse  and  hasten  home- 
wards, the  rather  because  they  heard  the  noise 
of  the  battle  grow  lowder.  And  being  at  that 
instant  when  the  greatest  cracke  and  report  was 
made  in  conclusion  on  their  way  upon  an  heath 
betwixt  the  two  Townes  Woodbridge  and  Alborow 
they  observed  the  fall  of  this  stone  which  grazing 
on  the  fall  of  it  along  upon  The  Heath  some  6  or  7 
yards,  had  outrun  their  observation  where  it 
rested  had  not  a  Dog  which  was  in  their  Company 
followed  it  by  the  scent  as  was  hot  and  brought 
them  where  it  lay  covered  over  with  grasse 
and  earth  that  the  violence  of  its  course  had 
contracted  about  it.  This  is  the  true  relation  of 
the  finding  of  this  stone,  which  is  8  inches  long 
and  5  inches  broad  and  2  inches  thick. 

And  now  being  on  their  way  nearer  Alborow 
they  met  the  greatest  part  of  the  townespeople 
who  were  generally  all  run  out  of  their  houses 
round  about  amazed  with  this  noyse  of  Warre 
and  descrying  no  Enemy  neere  ;  when  suddenly 
there  was  heard  a  joyfull  noise  as  of  musicke, 
and  sundry  instruments  in  a  melodious  manner 
for  a  good  space  together,  which  ended  with 
an  harmonious  ringing  of  bells.  This  is  the 
true  relation  of  this  most  strange  signe  from 
Heaven  the  Lord  God  of  Heaven  and  Earth  who 
steeres  the  course  of  all  humane  affaires,  have 
mercy  on  this  sinfull  land  and  nation,  and  in 
the  midst  of  these  distractions  which  are  both 
in  our  Church  and  State,  open  our  eyes  to  see, 
and  our  hearts  to  consider  this  gracious  day  of 
our  visitation,  and  give  us  grace  to  meet  him  by  a 
true  and  unfained  repentance,  that  under  the 
shadow  of  his  wings  may  be  our  refuge  until 
these  stormes  be  overpast. 

These  concluding  lines,  I  think,  must  have 
been  supplied  by  Mr.  Swayn. 


If  the  miraculous  stone  had  descended  on 
the  thick  casing  containing  the  brains  (if 
any)  of  that  zealous  hypocrite  William 
Dowsing,  at  an  early  stage  of  his  visitation, 
how  many  lovers  of  our  beautiful  Suffolk 
churches  would  be  ready  to  admit  the 
heavenly  origin  of  the  missile  ! 

ARTHUR  T.  WINN. 


THE  ROMANTIC  ELEMENT  IN  SETTE- 
CENTESCAN  DRAMATIC  CRITICISM. 

GIAN  RINALDO  CARLJ. 

FEW  critics  of  dramatic  theory  in  the 
Settecento  have  devoted  attention  to  Gian 
Rinaldo  Carli,  and  even  those  who  speak 
of  him  ignore  the  single  work  by  which 
Carli  has  importance  for  modern  criticism  and 
merely  devote  a  few  lines  to  a  less  important 
study  of  American  life,  '  Delle  Lettere 
Americane.'  This  single  work,  '  Dell'  Indole 
del  Teatro  Tragico,'  delivered  as  an  academic 
discourse  in  Venice  in  October,  1744,  must 
be  ranked  with  Pier  Jacopo  Martello's 
*  Tragedia  antica  e  moderna  '  and  Pietro 
Calepio's  ,  *  Paragone  della  Poesia  tragica 
d' Italia  con  quella  di  Francia '  as  one  of 
the  most  revolutionary  and  most  romantic 
utterances  of  the  eighteenth  century  in 
dramatic  criticism.  It  is  not  my  intention 
to  examine  critically  the  treatise  on  the 
nature  of  tragedy,  since  such  an  examination 
would,  of  necessity,  be  considerably  pro- 
tracted, but  to  give  extracts  from  it  illustra- 
tive of  the  fundamental  ideas  inspiring 
the  author. 

'  Dell'  Indole  del  Teatro  Tragico,'  in  the 
short  form  of  an  academic  speech,  was 
published  in  '  Raccolta  d'  opuscolis  cientifici 
e  filologici '  (Venezia,  Zane,  1744),  and 
later,  elaborated  to  a  full-bodied  treatise, 
in  '  Opere '  (Milano,  1787),  vol  xvii.  In 
the  following  extracts  the  earlier  form  is 
given  as  i.,  the  later  as  ii.  The  theories 
themselves  divide  naturally  into  three 
sections — the  attack  against  the  authority 
of  Aristotle  ;  the  criticism  of  Greek  drama  ; 
and  the  definition  of  what  modern  drama 
should  be. 

I. 

The  attack  against  Aristotle  is  based 
on  Carli' s  observation  of  the  effect  produced 
on  the  audience  by  tragedies  on  the  Aris- 
totelian model.  With  the  exception  of 
the  '  Demetrio '  of  Metastasio,  they  were 
played  to  empty  houses. 

The  more  tragedies  are  directed  to  persuade 
and  convince  the  intellect,  the  less  they  move  ; 


i2S.x.APKiL22,i922.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


303 


neither  rules  nor  Greek  models  have  any  power 
to  make  them  produce  an  effect  they  naturally 
do  not  possess.  It  is  useless  to  say  that  taste 
is  corrupt,  that  men  have  changed.  The  Theatre, 
which  is,  first  and  foremost,  a  place  for  the  repre- 
sentation of  plays,  has  been  built  precisely  for 
the  ignorant ;  and  the  opinion  of  ladies,  youths 
and  the  common  people  is  more  valuable,  as 
Aristotle  himself  admits,  than  that  of  experts. 
In  public  representations  the  only  thing  of 
moment  is  the  emotional  response,  and  the  fact 
that  the  people  are  unprepared  for  such  emotional 
effects,  allows  nature  and  the  heart  to  do  what 
they  will,  so  that  representations  thus  conceived 
will  excite  more  emotion  than  nature  herself.  The 
passions,  at  the  sight  of  a  play,  take  a  certain  direc- 
tion in  us  ;  no  necessity  for  sciences  or  philosophies  ; 
it  is  only  necessary  to  be  men.  The  outcry 
against  drama  and  certain  French  and  Italian 
tragedies,  because  they  do  not  come  up  to  the 
perfection  of  some  imaginary  art  of  tragedy,  is 
simply  futile.  A .  single  touch  is  sufficient  to 
move  an  audience,  and  an  entire  play  is  suffered 
by  many  for  the  sake  of  a  single  scene,  (i.  159.) 

The  unities  are  examined  in  turn.  Carli 
speaks  of  the  unities  of  time  and  place, 
within  which  our  Legislators  of  dramatic  poetry 
have  pretended,  with  incredible  tyranny,  to 
confine  our  sensibilities.  They  put  an  iron 
bridle  on  imagination  and  on  that  illusion  which 
can  hold  in  thrall  the  most  insensible,  as  well  as 
the  most  delicate  and  most  responsive  spirits, 
(ii.  105.) 

How  many  fantastic  things  critics  have  written 
about  the  unity,  or  unchangeable  nature,  of  place  ! 
They  assert  that  it  would  be  against  nature  to 
find  oneself  in  a  room,  pass  then  into  a  garden,  or 
into  another  room,  and  yet  remain  fixed  in  one 
place.  But  is  it  not  beyond  possibility,  and 
almost  against  nature,  that  an  action  should 
begin,  develop,  and  finish  in  the  same  place  ? 
That  the  king,  the  Iddy,  the  servant,  and  all 
the  other  characters,  which  are  timed  to  enter 
into  the  action  at  various  intervals,  should  all 
come  to  the  one  spot  and  there  carry  out  the 
play  ?  That  public  and  private  affairs  should 
be  transacted  there  ?  That,  to  the  very  place 
where  life  was  in  danger,  the  characters  should 
return,  without  suspecting  anything,  and  complete 
the  action  ?  (ii.  176.) 

I  know  that,  reading  a  story,  I  have  no  difficulty 
in  transporting  myself  in  thought,  now  to  Rome, 
now  to  Paris,  now  to  the  field  of  battle  and  now 
to  the  cabinet ;  and  that,  if  the  actions  are 
vividly  narrated,  I  forget  I  am  at  a  table,  and 
see  with  the  eye  of  imagination  the  battlefield, 
the  armies,  the  movements  so  clearly  that  I 
feel  myself  to  be  present  at  the  moment  and  some 
effort  is  needed  to  make  me  know  it  is  only 
illusion.  ...  If  such  passages  are  natural  in 
a  story  in  which  past  actions  are  described,  how 
much  more  so  will  they  be  in  a  Theatre,  in  which 
living  actions  are  seen.  (ii.  178.) 

The  moderns  have  greater  facilities,  stage 
apparatus  and  equipment : — 

We,  changing  easily  the  place  of  action  help 
wonderfully  the  imagination  of  the  spectator  to 
transport  itself  to  the  exact  place  where  the 
varied  action  is  represented.  The  ancients, 


speaking  and  acting  in  the  proscenium,  i.e.,  in  an 
open  place  before  the  stage,  considered  it  indefinite 
and  susceptible  of  every  application,  like  our 
wandering  actors  who  represent  every  action 
on  a  raised  platform  before  a  painted  screen, 
(ii.  179.) 

The  unity  of  time  is  understood  in  a 
broad  sense.  Carli  quotes  the  '  Trachiniae  ' 
of  Sophocles,  and  the  '  Andromache  '  of 
Euripides  as  tragedies  where  the  unity 
of  time  is  not  observed  :  — 

It  is  certainly  true  that,  as  the  action  should 
be  one,  closely  knit,  so  that  it  develops  con- 
tinuously and  perfectly  and  the  imagination, 
as  in  a  picture,  can  gather  and  have  always 
present  objects,  which  otherwise  would  be  lost 
in  confusion,  the  time  employed  in  the  action 
should  not  be  too  long.  But  the  belief,  that  a 
mortal  sin  is  committed  in  extending  the  time 
given  in  a  play  to  one,  two,  three  and  even  ten, 
hours  more,  appears  to  me  an  unreasonable 
scruple,  (ii.  183.)  .  .  .  But  what  difficulty 
have  I  in  covering  the  adventures  of  a  century 
in  two  hours'  reading  of  a  short  history  ?  1  am 
absolutely  certain  that  the  same  effect  could  be  pro- 
duced in  the  Theatre.  In  fact,  several  Italians 
and  Spaniards  have  attempted  long  tragedies 
containing  the  birth,  adolescence,  old  age  and 
death  of  one  character  with  his  life's  adventures  ; 
and  they  have  divided  those  into  fifteen  and 
even  twenty-four  acts  to  allow  the  play  to  extend 
over  several  evenings,  (ii.  184.) 

The  unities  of  time  and  place 
are  inventions  of  the  commentators  of  Aristotle 
and  were  not  observed  by  the  Greeks,     (ii.  185.) 

II. 

The  criticism  of  Greek  drama  is  based  on 
comparison  with  modern  conditions,  and 
Carli  shows  how  impossible  it  is  to  re- 
produce the  conditions  which  made  Greek 
drama  so  successful  in  Greece. 

I  must  say  that  those  things  which  gave  the 
ancient  dramatist  material  for  his  tragedies 
would  be  adapted  with  very  great  difficulty  by  a 
modern  Italian.  It  would  be  impossible  to  build 
on  the  Aristotelian  rules  a  tragedy  which  would 
perfectly  convince  the  heart  of  the  audience. 
Those  rules  do  not  explain  the  artifice  by  which 
those  minute  elements  which,  hidden  in  the  nature 
of  the  thing  itself,  give  beauty  to  the  play,  can 
be  brought  together.  .  .  .  The  ancient  Greek 
plays  reflected  so  closely  the  nature  and  circum- 
stances of  those  times  that  they  made  an  infinite 
impression  on  the  spirit  of  those  living  then. 
The  lack  of  those  circumstances  with  us  has 
deprived  us  of  a  strong  emotional  motive :  we 
have  nothing  but  humanity  itself  and  this  is 
not  enough.  We  must  aid  it  and  strengthen  it 
with  those  vital  details  which  give  life  ta  the 
action,  and  those  do  not  come  from  the  Aristotelian 
rules,  (i.  161-163.) 

I  may  deduce  one  conclusion  from  all  those 
reflections— as  man  does  not  change  in  that 
which  pertains  to  humanity,  i.e.,  in  the  sources  of 
the  passions,  so,  on  the  other  hand,  he  does  change 
in  that  which  pertains  to  social  forms  and  con- 
ditions. Since  the  nature  of  man,  i.e.,  the  objects 


304 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [12  s.x.  APRIL  22, 1922. 


of  the  passions,  is  changed  with  those  social 
forms  and  conditions,  and  since  we  can  trace 
quite  clearly  this  change  from  the  time  of  the 
Athenians  till  now,  I  do  not  see  why  we  should 
aim  at  imitating,  at  all  times  and  in  all  things, 
the  ancient  tragedians.  We  cannot  hope  to  meet 
the  same  emotional  response  in  our  Theatres  as  did 
the  Athenians,  two  thousand  years  ago.  (ii.  109.) 

The  Greeks  imitated  nature,  and  their  kings 
in  the  Theatre  were  the  kings  they  knew  in  their 
little  houses  and  little  domains  ;  bub  we,  who 
have  a  different  idea  of  kings,  are  obliged  to  pass 
from  imitation  to  reality  and  hence  Agamemnon, 
CEdipus,  Theseus,  Achilles,  Ulysses,  are  no  longer 
kings  of  Greece,  but  of  France,  of  Italy,  and 
become  ideal  characters,  (ii.  117.)  .  .  .  What 
interest  can  we  have  in  the  rivalry  of  the  Athenians 
and  Thebans  and  Spartans,  in  the  glory  of  the 
former  and  the  discomfiture  of  the  latter  ?  What 
knowledge  of  the  race  of  (Edipus,  Agamemnon 
or  Hercules  ?  What  delight  in  all  those  peculiar 
characteristics  which  distinguished  the  Greece 
of  twenty  centuries  ago  ?  (ii.  104.) 

The  rulers  of  Greece  were  Democrats  and 
consequently  a  play  would  be  very  badly  received 
that  did  not  contain  some  representation  of  the 
people.  Hence  the  introduction  of  the  chorus 
which,  to  us,  so  far  removed  from  this  necessity, 
appears  superfluous,  (ii.  155.) 

We  must  say  that  all  those  things  adapted  to 
the  ancient  Theatre  are  as  little  adapted  to  our 
Theatre  as  a  long  beard  in  an  Oriental  who, 
having  cast  aside  his  own  dress  and  put  on  our 
dress,  should  come  to  Italy.  We  would  certainly 
ask  him  either  to  cut  his  beard  or  change  his 
dress,  (ii.  160.) 

A  highly  original  metaphor  sums  up 
Carli's  attitude  to  ancient  drama  : — 

How  «an  we  make  a  whole  equal  to  another 
perfect  whole  without  it  being  identical  ?  To 
make  one  equal  to  it,  it  is  necessary  to  transcribe 
the  same  '  (Edipus '  [i.e.,  of  Sophocles] ;  otherwise 
it  would  not  be  equal.  Have  you  ever  seen  a 
big  cart  blocking  the  road  with  its  wheels  ?  It 
does  not  leave  any  space  anywhere  for  passage 
elsewhere,  and  everything,  consequently,  which 
goes  along  that  road,  must  come  to  a  stand 
behind  it.  Similarly  with  the  '  CEdipus  ' — 
nothing  can  raise  it  or  reach  it  and  everything 
going  that  way  must  stay  behind  it.  (ii.  189.) 

III. 

The  most  original  and  most  advanced 
section  of  Carli's  dramatic  theory  is  centred 
in  the  definition  of  dramatic-  structure  and 
plot :  — 

The  main  business   of  the  Tragic   Poet  is  to 
know  the  sources  of  the  passions,     (ii.  69.)  .  .  .  j 
Tragedy  is  not  an  imitation  of  men,  but  of  their 
actions,  so  that  our  passions  are  aroused.     Such  | 
actions  and  objects  should  be  presented  to  public  | 
approval  in  such  a  way  that  they  correspond  to 
the  situation  or  disposition  of  the  minds  of  the 
spectators,     (ii.  72.) 

It  is  necessary,   then,   that  the   action  to   be 
represented   on  the   stage   should   correspond  to 
our  nature  and  should  be  prepared  aid  directed 
to  suit  this  nature.     I  call  action  that  which  is  j 
produced   on   the   stage   in   public   and   such  an  ] 


action  should  have  beginning,  middle  and  end. 
(i.  163.)  .  .  .  Rebellious,  proud  and  uncultured 
spirits  hate  rules  as  they  abhor  laws ;  they 
would  like  to  introduce  into  the  intellectual 
kingdom  that  which  they  call  liberty,  but  which 
is,  in  reality,  only  the  spirit  of  anarchy  or  des- 
potism. The  rules  directed,  as  they  are,  to  the 
formation  of  a  theatrical  representation — i.e.,  an 
action,  probable  and  possible,  which  develops 
proportionately,  interests  the  audience,  and  ends 
with  the  full  approval  of  the  public — are  as 
fundamental,  necessary,  and  even  as  indispensable 
as  solidity,  proportion  and  harmony  of  the  parts- 
are  in  the  building  of  a  great  palace,  (ii.  64.) 

The  actual  creation  of  drama  is  "a 
mystery  known  to  very  few."  (i.  164.) 

The  body  and  form  of  this  picture  resembling 
nature  should  be  constructed  on  the  dictates  of 
the  usual  disposition  of  our  minds  which  form 
that  nature.  Neither  the  ornament  of  elegant 
verse  nor  scenario  in  tragedy  should  be  more  than 
ornament.  .  .  .  Every  living  person  is  subject 
to  every  possible  agitation  of  the  soul  and  all  men 
are  subject  to  all  passions,  (i.  164.) 

Carli  touches  then  on  the  theory  of  tragic 
purgation  :  — 

In  what  then  should  we  imitate  the  ancients  ? 
Let  us  imitate  that  which  is  common  to  us  all. 
The  sources  of  passion  are  still  open  to  us  :  we 
are  men  just  as  the  ancients  and  emotion  is  not 
banished  from  our  hearts.  It  is  even  more 
familiar  to  us  and,  with  the  removal  of  that 
which  causes  the  highest  degree  of  terror,  we 
have  the  fine  field  in  front  of  us  which  belongs 
to  pity  and  moderate  fear.  But  those  actions, 
which  must  arouse  in  us  this  emotion,  should 
reflect  our  social  habits  and  our  moral  disposition. 
.  .  .  The  painting  of  our  social  conditions,  of 
our  social  passions,  unites  and  brings  together 
the  audience  and  the  actors,  and,  recognizing 
the  ridiculous  nature  of  what  results,  we  laugh 
at  ourselves  and  thus  sometimes  correct  our 
defects,  (ii.  123-125.)  .  .  .  We  should,  in 
Tragedy,  renounce  everything  bound  up  with 
the  social  customs,  ideas  and  character  of  the 
ancients  [and,  if  we  must  take  plots  from  Greek 
or  Roman  history,  we  should  see]  that  the  facts 
chosen  interest  humanity  in  general,  inde- 
pendently of  any  particular  setting,  and  all 
prejudices  peculiar  to  the  ancients  should  be 
avoided,  (ii.  125.) 

The  modern  spectator,  who  goes  to  the  Theatre 
to  see  or  hear  a  Tragedy,  hates  everything  that 
interrupts  the  progress  of  the  action  and  loves 
the  frequency  of  varied  operations  which,  in  a 
succession  of  continuous  moments,  call  him 
and  lead  him  to  the  principal  action  of  Tragedy, 
(ii.  129.)  ...  A  single  scene,  which  attracts  and 
merits  the  attention  of  the  audience  through  a 
living  and  interesting  incident,  is  more  effective 
than  a  hundred  Tragedies  built  according  to  the 
universal  precepts  of  art.  (ii.  130.)  .  .  .  A 
hundred  verses  well  studied  will  never  cause  as 
great  an  effect  as  an  "  Oh  Dio  !  "  said  at  the 
right  moment,  (ii.  132.) 

The  conclusion  to  the  theories  advocated 
in  '  Dell '  Indole  del  Taatro  Tragico  '  may 
be  found  in  the  words  : — 


12  S.X.APKIL 22, 1922.]       NOTES   AND   QUERIES. 


305 


Even  if  cunning  and  judicious  industry  is 
required  in  the  scenario,  art  itself  should  lie  in 
fleeing  all  art,  and  nature  should  alone  be  mis- 
tress. The  Poet  should  then  be  his  own  actor, 
should  be  excited  and  lament  as  if  he  were  on 
the  stage  himself.  Exclamations  should  fall  from 
his  pen  and  the  stress  of  passion  alone  should  be 
the  guide  of  the  entire  action.  Not  a  word  out 
of  time,  not  an  expression  out  of  place-^-every- 
thing  vibrant,  everything  opportune — this  is  the 
real  play  on  the  stage  and  the  spectator,  carried 
out  of  himself,  becomes  unconsciously  the 
supporter  or  accuser  of  the  characters,  (ii.  132.) 

The  short  series  of  notes  given  above  will 
be  sufficient  to  indicate  the  importance 
and  originality  of  this  treatise.  The 
ground  has  been  already  prepared  for  the 
dramatic  liberty  preached  and,  to  some 
extent,  realized  by  the  Romantics.  Among 
the  precursors  of  this  revival  Gian  Rinaldo 
Carli  must  take  an  important  place. 

H.  QTJIGLEY. 


MIDDLESEX  JUSTICES,   1745. 

BY  records  just  made  available  it  is  seen 
that  in  the  middle  of  the  eighteenth  century, 
when  the  Middlesex  Grand  Jury  present  a 
remonstrance  against  the  riotous  "  daily 
assembly  of  strangers  and  foreigners,  as 
Scotch,  Irish,  French,  and  many  vagrant 
Jews,  as  well  as  English,  in  a  place  called 
Rosemary  Lane  in  the  Parish  of  St.  Mary's, 
Whitechapel,"  they  are  in  very  natural 
fear  that  these  "tumultuous  people"  were 
not  only  "  forestalling "  English  traders 
but  might  foment  disloyal  disturbances. 
In  another  respect  the  wheel  comes  round 
full  circle — the  matter  of  pleasure  fairs, 
now  once  again  uprising  in  several  of  the 
lower  suburbs  of  London  and  the  larger 
English  cities.  The  Middlesex  Justices 
looked  upon  these  generally  rough  shows 
as  offensive  to  public  morality  and  con- 
venience ;  and  they  bluntly  reminded  the 
organizers  that  they  were  "  rogues  and 
vagabonds,"  subject  to  a  forfeiture  of  £50. 
People  stayed  at  them  (as  they  do  now, 
and  in  leading  thoroughfares)  until  past 
11  o'clock  at  night  ;  and  great  numbers  of 
the  lawless  class  stayed  until  3  or  4  in  the 
morning,  and  then  frequently  assembled  in 
bodies,  "  bellowing  and  knocking  at  doors, 
ringing  bells,  and  singing  obscene  songs." 
Indeed,  their  Worships,  in  a  representation 
to  Lord  Hardwicke,  the  Lord  High  Chan- 
cellor, declared  themselves  "  satisfied  the 
permission  and  continuance  of  these  fairs 
must  destroy  the  little  virtue  which  is  left 
among  all  the  lower  sort  of  people." 


Among  the  eight  fairs  in  London  cited  by 
the  Justices  as  occasions  of  crime,  one  of 
the  most  notorious  was  Mile  End  Fair ; 
and  among  the  worst  on  the  outer  fringe 
of  London  was  Bow  Fair,  otherwise  the 
Green  Goose  Fair.  Bow  Fair,  it  may  be 
mentioned  here,  was  held  for  many  years 
on  the  west  of  what  is  now  Fairfield  Roadr 
from  Bow  Road  to  the  present  Great 
Eastern  Railway  and  North  London  Railway 
Stations  of  the  region.  The  fair  was  only 
abolished  in  1829,  after  the  exhibition  of 
sustained  force  to  restrain  inveterately 
disorderly  and  disreputable  elements  comin'g 
from  along-shore  and  Whitechapel-Bethnal 
Green.  It  is  still  a  common  error  to  locate 
the  old  Bow  Fair  on  the  land  now  known 
as  the  Grove  Park  Estate,  the  Grove  Park 
Recreation  Ground,  and  the  Tramways  Car- 
sheds.  In  the  heyday  of  the  fair,  the  man- 
sion marked  on  Joel  Gascoyne's  map  of 
Queen  Anne's  time — surrounded  by  the 
remains  of  an  elaborate  terraced  garden 
and  a  spinney — was  used  by  a  school  of 
distinction  ;  and  the  proprietors  were  con- 
stant in  their  complaints  of  the  bacchanalia 
practised  on  the  adjacent  field.  As  local 
legends  have  it,  Dick  Turpin — who  died 
on  the  gallows  at  York  in  1739,  at  the  age 
of  34,  for  stealing  a  black  mare  and  foal — 
was  a  dissolute  and  disorderly  butcher - 
boy  in  Whitechapel  before  he  developed 
into  a  particularly  mean  thief  and  high- 
wayman. He  found  the  rapturous,  not  to 
say,  rowdy,  pleasures  of  Bow  Fair  much 
more  to  his  personal  taste  than  the  delights 
of  more  fashionable  resorts  in  which  his 
Whitechapel  predecessor,  Claude  Duval, 
figured  with  some  success  as  a  gentleman  ; 
and  the  pleasure  gardens  of  Bow  where 
Master  Pepys  sometimes  finished  a  day's 
jaunt  were  no  longer  visited  by  quality 
folk  or  by  those  who  wished  to  be  so  re- 
garded. The  road  thither  was  increasingly 
unsafe  in  Georgian  times  for  unarmed 
persons  ;  and  many  venturous  people  came 
rather  by  boat  down  Thames,  and  so  through 
the  Lea  Estuary  to  Bow  Bridge  in  the 
high  summer. 

Fairs,  gaming  places,  ginshops  and  the 
exuberant  recreations  of  the  numberless 
pleasure  gardens,  all  came  in  for  the 
special  attention  of  the  Middlesex  Justices 
in  1745,  for  when  the  news  of  the 
Battle  of  Culloden  arrived  "  London 
all  over  was  in  a  perfect  uproar  of 
joy  "  (although  the  common  people  did  not 
really  know  or  care  what  was  passing  in 


306 


NOTES.  AND  QUERIES.      ri2s.x. .^1.22,1922. 


Scotland  and  the  North)  ;  and  a  habit  o; 
gross  debauchery  and  lawlessness  was  set  up 
These  fairs  and  their  accompaniments,  the 
Justices  complained,  "  tended  to  the  ruining 
of  apprentices,  servants,  labourers,  anc 
others,"  leading  to  disturbances  of  the  peace 
gaming,  "  and  all  sorts  of  lewd  and  dis- 
orderly practices."  In  Bow  Fair,  as  in 
others  in  the  western  parts  of  London,  prize- 
fighting (not  an  imposture  as  it  came  to  be) 
was  a  particular  attraction,  especially  when 
women  took  part  in  the  bouts.  The  patent 
for  Mile  End  Fair  was  apparently  for  one 
day  only,  like  that  of  most  of  the  gatherings. 
But  uiider  the  powerful  interest  of  the 
liquor  trade,  all  freely  extended  their 
privileges  to  a  week  and  even  more.  To  the 
Justices  the  multitude  of  ginshops  was  a 
gross  evil  (as  it  was  to  all  the  religious  sects 
without  exception).  For,  as  their  Worships 
say,  spirituous  liquors  "  inflame  the  blood 
and  prompt  to  greater- violence  "  on  the  part 
of  the  gentry  who  walked  the  streets  "  with 
cutlasses,  hangers,  bludgeons,  and  other 
dangerous  weapons."  It  was  in  consequence 
of  this  propensity,  partly,  that  compulsory 
lighting  was  instituted,  each  householder, 
it  being  enacted,  having  to  set  out  candles 
or  lights  in  lanthorns  on  the  outside  of  his 
house  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  petty  con- 
stables and  beadles,  under  penalty  of  two 
shillings  fine  for  default.  As  a  fact,  this 
order  was  generally  ignored  or  defied  where 
it  was  most  wanted.  In  one  of  the  news- 
sheets  an  account  is  given  of  a  regular  raid 
of  ruffians  returning  from  Mile  End  Fair, 
who  attacked  and  robbed  a  lady  just  outside 
her  mansion  on  Stepney  Green,  when  she  was 
returning  in  her  sedan  chair,  attended  by 
flambeaux-men,  from  a  City  ball.  For  this 
three  men  and  a  woman  were  eventually 
transported  to  the  American  Plantations — 
a  minor  hell  in  those  days,  from  which  very 
few  were  able,  as  in  the  hulks,  to  release 
themselves. 

In  1823,  M^hen,  like  other  excesses  of  the 
kind,  Bow's  Green  Goose  Fair  was  slowly 
fading  into  a  mere  public  nuisance,  a 
sentimentalist  with  strong  recollections  of 
Gray  wrote  an  elegy  which  included  the 
following  tender  lines  : — 

The  Bow  Bell  tolls  the  knell  of  Bow  Fair  fun, 
And  Richardson  winds  slowly  out  of  town, 

Poor  old  "  Young  Saunders  "  sees  his  setting  sun, 
And  Gwyngell  pulls  his  red  torn  tawdry  down. 

Now  three  cart-horses  draw  the  caravan 
O'er  smooth  macadam  to  provincial  fairs  ; 

And  pining  showmen  with  companions  wan, 
Make  dreary  humour  while  the  hawbuck  stares  I 


No  more  shall  cockneys  -don  their  Sunday  coats, 
Stepney,  Brook  Green,  or  brighter  Bow  to  fill : 

No  folk  shall  row  to  Greenwich  Hill  in  boats, 
And  roll  in  couples  down  the  One  Tree  Hill ! 

Take  warning  then  ye  fair,  from  this  Fair's  fall ! 

One  Act  (the  Vagrant  Act)  hath  been  its  ruin  ! 
List,  list,  oh  list,  to  Law's  most  serious  call, 

For  fun  and  pleasure  lead  but  to  undoing. 

Under  date  of  1735  there    is    the  official 
declaration  following  : — 

,  The  Grand  Jury  for  the  County  of  Middlesex, 
at  the  General  Sessions  of  the  Peace,  on  Thursday, 
the  25th  Instant,  at  Hicks  Hall,  in  St.  John 
Street,  presented  as  a  Publick  Nuisance,  a  Market 
or  Fair  call'd  Michaelmas  or  Mile  End  Fair,  kept 
and  held  in  the  Fields  near  the  High  Road  at  Mile 
End  on  the  29th  of  September  Yearly  ;  but  of  late 
Years,  and  since  the  Revival  thereof,  the  said 
Market  or  Fair,  at  such  time  and  place  aforesaid, 
hath  been  kept  five,  six,  or  seven  Days  successively 
beyond  and  contrary  to  the  original  Grant,  which 
occasions  many  riotous  and  tumultuous  Assem- 
blies of  disorderly  Persons  there,  to  the  great  dis- 
turbance of  His  Majesty's  Subjects  ;  And  they 
also  presented  all  Publick  Playhouses,  Booths  or 
Sheds  where  Plays,  Drolls  and  Interludes  are 
played,  acted,  or  shewn,  as  Great  Nuisances  and 
intolerable  Prejudices  to  the  Publick,  by  tempting, 
alluring,  and  drawing  many,  especially  the  Youth, 
from  their  duty  to  God  [this  is  an  allusion  to  the 
fact  that  the  Fair  was  open  all  day  and  much  of 
the  night  on  Sunday],  their  Parents  and  Masters  ; 
Upon  which  Presentment  the  Court  of  Sessions 
desir'd  and  recommended  to  His  Majesty's 
Justices  of  the  Peace  residing  in  that  Division 
to  put  the  Laws  in  Execution  against  so  great  and 
growing  an  Evil,  and  to  punish  all  Offenders  who 
shall  presume  to  act  in  any  of  the  Premises  above- 
mentioned. 

The  attempt  to  "  put  the  Laws  in  Execu- 
tion "  was  renewed  accordingly,  but  with  so 
little  result  that  the  Mile  End  Fair  (and  the 
Stepney  Fair  withal)  continued,  in  a  way, 
for  another  century  and  a  quarter  ;  and  many 
elderly  East  Londoners  live  to  confess  that 
they  attende  d  the  functions  and  saw  play 
in  the  booths  the  companies  of  local  theatres, 
whose  managers  were  glad  of  this  chance 
to  employ  their  troupes  in  what  was  the 
professional  "  silly  season."  And  sometimes 
they  saw  "  Richardson's  "  Show,  or  "  Womb- 
well's,"  or  some  really  excellent  circus 
riding  and  jesting  by  travelling  companies 
for  ever  on  the  high  roads,  seeking  a  decent 
oitch.  Me. 


NEW  LIGHT  ON  WILLIAM  PENN. — Lord 
Macaulay  has  not  been  the  only  person  to 
be  critical  of  the  connexion  of  William  Penn, 
:ounder  of  Pennsylvania,  with  the  Courts 
of  Charles  II.  and  James  II.,  so  that 
:he  appearance  in  print  for  the  first  time 


12 S.X.APRIL 22, 1922.]       NOTES   AND   QUERIES. 


307 


of  a  reminiscence  concerning  the  "  Quaker 
courtier  "  is  noteworthy. 

This  has  been  handed  down  in  a  letter 
which  has  just  come  into  the  possession  of 
the  Society  of  Friends'  Reference  Library, 
Devonshire  House,  Bishopsgate,  London, 
E.G. 2,  from  the  collection  of  the  late  J.  J. 
Green  of  Hastings. 

On  one  occasion  [the  letter  runs],  coming  to 
Beading  and  being  about  to  proceed  thence  to 
London  in  order  to  attend  at  the  Court  of 
James  II.,  as  was  his  frequent  practice,  several 
Friends  manifested  their  uneasiness  at  his  being 
so  much  at  the  Court,  expressing  their  fears  that 
in  such  a  place,  and  in  such  company,  he  would 
be  in  danger  of  departing  from  that  simplicity  of 
demeanour  which  Friends  believed  it  their  duty  to 
maintain. 

W.  Penn,  after  listening  to  their  observations, 
expressed  his  wish  to  take  one  of  their  number 
with  him  to  the  Court  of  James,  and  one  of  them 
accordingly  accompanied  him  thither.  Being 
duly  introduced,  he  remained  with  him  during 
the  whole  time,  thus  having  a  full  opportunity  of 
observing  the  tenor  of  W.  P.'s  carriage,  as  well 
towards  the  King  as  towards  others  with  whom 
he  came  in  contact.  Finding  that  his  conduct, 
mode  of  address  and  general  conduct  were  quite 
in  harmony  with  his  profession  and  practice  as  a 
Friend,  he  was  entirely  satisfied  and  was  thus  put 
in  a  position  to  allay  the  uneasiness  of  such  of 
his  friends  as  had  entertained  doubts  on  this  head. 

On  another  occasion    during  the  visit  to 
Reading 
several    Friends    spoke    to    him    after    Meeting 


hoisted  with  his  own  hands  the  first  American 
flag  on  board  the  Alfred,  which  was  then  the 
first  display  of  the  Thirteen  Stripes. 

It  is  also  stated  that 

Jones  took  several  American  vessels  under 
his  convoy,  from  Nantz  to  the  Bay  of  Quiberon, 
where  M.  la  Motte  Piquet  was  lying  at  anchor 
with  six  sail  of  the  line  .  .  .  which  he  was 
to  take  under  his  protection  to  the  westward 
of  Cape  Finisterre.  M.  de  la  Fayette  was  on 
board  this  fleet,  which  was  provided  with 
clothing,  ammunition,  and  military  stores  for 
America.  He  reached  the  bay,  February  13,  1778, 
and  sent  to  demand  of  the  admiral,  if  he  would 
j  return  his  salute ;  and  this  compliment  was 
I  immediately  agreed  to  by  that  brave  officer, 
|  although  neither  he  nor  Jones  knew  at  that 
period,  that  a  treaty  of  alliance  had  been  signed 
between  France  and  America  seven  days  before. 
This  was  the  first  salute  received  by  the  American 
flag  from  any  Power,  and  occasioned  much  dispute 
in  the  English  Parliament. 

France  allied  herself  with  America  on 
Feb.  6,  1778. 

There  appears  to  be  a  mistake  in  the 
statement  that  Jones  hoisted  the  flag  in 
1775,  for  D.  H.  Montgomery,  in  his  '  An 
Elementary  American  History'  (1904),  a 
book  written  for  American  boys,  and  in 
i  my  opinion  rather  one-sided,  states  : — 

The    same    year    (1778)    Captain    Paul    Jones 
I  hoisted  the  American  flag  on  an  American  ship, 
was  the  first  time  the  Stars  and  Stripes  had 
een  on  the  ocean.    He  crossed  the  Atlantic, 
he   attacked    two    British    vessels    of    war 


modation  or  provision,  &c.,  for  him.  At  last, 
a  plain,  honest  woman  asked  him  to  her  house, 
saying  she  could  furnish  all  he  could  require. 
W.  P.  accepted  her  invitation  and  accompanied 
her  to  her  very  humble  dwelling,  in  which  was  a 
small  shop  where  she  sold  provisions,  &c.  She 
took  thence  some  bread,  butter  and  cheese,  and 
W.  P.  made  a  very  sufficient  dinner,  much  en- 
joyed his  visit,  and,  at  parting,  heartily  thanked 
her  for  her  hospitality  and  especially  for  her 
cordial  kindness  and  hearty  welcome. 

These  anecdotes  are  recorded  in  a  letter 
of  Thomas  Mounsey  of  Sunderland  to 
Thomas  Robson  of  Liverpool,  dated  March 
19,  1850,  according  to  the  current  Journal 
of  the  Friends'  Historical  Society.  He 
quotes  as  his  authority  Joseph  Naish  of 
Congresbury,  who  died  in  1822,  aged  72, 
who  was  acquainted  with  a  man  whose 
father  knew  William  Penn  when  he  resided 
near  Reading.  H.  W.  PEET. 

THE  STABS  AND  STRIPES.  —  Thomas 
Richardson's  pamphlet,  in  which  he  gives 
the  life  of  Paul  Jones,  relates  that 

In  the  early  part  of  1775,  being  so  highly 
thought  of  by  the  principal  leading  men  of 
America  ...  it  is  a  fact  that  he  then 


them. 

I  presume  these  vessels  were  the  Serapis 
and  the  Countess  of  Scarborough.  I  am 
unable  to  verify  this  as  I  have  no  book 
giving  details. 

Montgomery  then  proceeds  to  state  : — 
Up  to  that  time  England  had  always  boasted 
that  she  ruled  the  sea.     But  Paul  Jones  showed 
King  George  the  Third  that  in  future  the  Ameri- 
cans meant  to  rule  part  of  it  themselves. 

He  omits  to  say  that  Jones  was  a  Scotch- 
man and  a  renegade.  He  was  named  John 
Paul,  taking  the  name  of  Jones  later.  He 
supposed  to  have  been  the  son  of  the 


afterwards  Governor  of  the  Bahama  Islands,  in 
|  1780. 

1 1  do  not  know  if  this  is  noted  in  '  D.N.B.' 


Montgomery  also  states,  in  a  footnote  : — 
Washington  raised  the  first  flag  of  the  thirteen 
United  British  American  colonies  at  the  camp 
of  the  Continental  army  in  Cambridge  on  New 
Year's  Day,  1776.  That  flag  was  made  by  taking 
the  British  flag,  which  then  consisted  of  two 


308 


NOTES   AND   QUERIES.       [12 S.X.APRIL 22, 1922. 


•crosses,  and  adding  to  those  crosses  thirteen 
alternate  red  and  white  stripes,  or  one  for  each 
British  American  colony.  After  the  thirteen 
colonies  had  declared  themselves  independent 
of  Great  Britain  (July  4,  1776),  Congress  ordered 
(June  14,  1777)  that  a  new  flag  should  be  made, 
which  should  represent  the  United  States  of 
America.  That  flag,  which  may  have  been 
designed  by  Washington,  consisted  of  thirteen 
stars  and  as  many  red  and  white  stripes  to 
represent  the  thirteen  independent  states  which 
then  formed  the  Union.  The  flag  was  sewn 
together  at  an  upholstery  shop  kept  by  Betsy 
Boss  on  Arch  Street,  Philadelphia.  The  house 
where  it  was  made  is  still  standing.  This  new 
flag,  the  Stars  and  Stripes,  was  first  raised 
over  a  fort  at  Fort  Stanwix  (Rome),  New  York,  on 
August  3,  1777.  It  was  made  of  an  old  blue 
army  overcoat,  a  red  flannel  petticoat  and  some 
white  cloth. 

HERBERT  SOUTHAM. 

THE  BEAR,  THE  HORSE  AND  THE  AUBER- 
GINE.— The  following  passage  occurs  in  the 
Japanese  work  '  Fude  no  Susabi,'  by  Kan 
Sazan  (1748-1827):— 

The  bear  abhors  the  aubergine.  Whenever  it 
meets  a  fuel-gatherer  with  the  fruit  in  a  deep 
mountain,  it  never  delays  to  run  away.  While 
the  aubergine  nourishes  in  the  field,  the  bear's 
gall  is  small,  and  vice  versa.  It  is  unfailingly  small 
when  found  in  the  animal  that  has  seen  the  fruit 
just  before  its  death.  Also  the  bear  dreads  the 
horse  :  the  wolf  kills  the  horse,  but  is  overpowered 
by  the  bear. 

Similarly  the  Japanese  hold  that  snakes 
swallow  frogs,  frogs  gulp  slugs,  and  slugs  con- 
quer snakes.  After  the  Chinese,  they  opined 
formerly  the  gall  to  be  the  seat  of  valour, 
whence  the  above  story  about  that  of  the 
bear.  KUMAGUSTJ  MINAKATA. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries 
in  order  that  answers  may  be  sent  to  them  direct. 


ST.  THOMAS'S  HOSPITAL  :  ARMS.  —  At 
the  present  time  it  appears  that  St.  Thomas's 
possesses  no  legal  right  to  armorial  bearings. 
The  Hospital  was  broken  up  in  1538  by 
Henry  VIII.,  and  reconstituted  by  Edward 
VI.  in  1552.  An  institution  which  existed 
as  early  as  870  is  almost  certain  to  have 
had  legal  arms  prior  to  its  disruption  in 
1538. 

In  1172-1207,  St.  Thomas's  was  founded 
afresh  within  the  Priory  of  St.  Mary  Overie, 
Southwark,  and  was  dedicated  to  St.  Thomas 
a  Becket  (who  was  murdered  1170). 
Richard,  Prior  of  Bermondsey  (1213), 


and  Peter  De  Rupibus,  Bishop  of  Winchester 
(1215),  played  an  important  part  in  its 
early  days. 

Armory  came  into  existence  between 
1150-1160.  Very  probably  the  Hospital 
arms,  like  some  of  the  Oxford  Colleges,  bore 
the  coats  of  its  founders,  impaled  or 
quartered  in  some  way. 

St.  Thomas's  was  flourishing  between  1200 
and  1538,  and  it  is  inconceivable  that  such 
an  institution  possessed  no  legal  arms. 
These  have  been  lost  ever  since  1538.  It 
seems  probable  that  old  seals  and  MSS. 
would  throw  valuable  light  on  this  question. 
Can  anyone  tell  me  anything  ?  There 
are  many  seals  of  very  early  times  in  a 
good  state  of  preservation,  and  I  shall  be 
extremely  grateful  to  anyone,  possibly  an 
authority  on  seals,  who  can  help  me  in  this 
matter. 

The  arms  used  by  the  Hospital  now  are 
bogus  and  of  no  authority,  as  far  as  I  can 
learn.  They  are  :  Argent,  a  cross  gules, 
in  the  first  quarter  a  sword  erect  of  the 
same  ;  on  a  chief  azure  a  rose  of  the  field 
between  two  fleurs-de-lis  or. 

We  have  at  the  Hospital  here  nothing 
earlier  than  1552,  as  all  the  old  MSS.,  &c., 
were  carried  off  and  scattered  in  1538. 
There  must  be  something  in  existence 
somewhere,  in  the  form  of  sealed  dispatches 
or  MSS.  ;  very  probably  there  are  some 
|  such  at  the  Vatican,  as,  being  originally 
an  ecclesiastical  foundation,  there  would 
have  been  interchange  of  correspondence  be- 
tween the  Hospital  and  Rome. 

The  arms  of  St.  Mary  Overie  were  : 
Argent  a  cross  fusilly  gules,  in  the  dexter 
chief  a  cinquefoil  of  the  same  (MS.  Col.  of 
Arms). 

The  arms  of  Southwark,  granted  June 
19,  1905,  are  :  Argent,  eleven  fusils  in  cross 
conjoined,  seven  in  gale  fesswise,  four  in 
fess  pale  wise,  and  in  the  dexter  chief  a  mitre, 
all  gules.  These  were  granted  to  the  see  of 
Southwark,  which  is  equivalent  to  St.  Mary 
Overie. 

The  history  of  St.  Thomas's  has  been 
worked  out  by  much  patient  labour  during 
the  last  twenty  years,  but  cannot  be  con- 
sidered complete  till  the  armorial  bearings 
have  been  completely  recovered. 

It  seems  impossible  that  an  institution 
with  such  an  ancient  foundation  should 
possess  no  arms. 

C.  A.  H.  FRANKLIN. 
St.  Thomas's  Hospital,  S.E.I. 


12  s.x.  APRIL 22, 1922.]       NOTES   AND   QUERIES. 


309 


"  TTJILEURS,"  A  FRENCH  MASONIC  TERM. 
— It  appears  from  the  official  report  of  the 
quarterly  communication  of  the  United 
Grand  Lodge  of  Freemasons  of  England  on 
March  1  that  there  has  just  been  added 
to  the  Grand  Lodge  Library  a  book  pub- 
lished in  Paris  in  1846  entitled  '  Tuileur 
portatif  des  33  degres.'  The  noun  here 
used  is  so  unusual  that  it  invites  investiga- 
tion. According  to  F.  E.  A.  G.  Gasc's 
*  Dictionary  of  the  French  and  English 
Languages'  (1897),  tuileur  is  a  masculine 
substantive  meaning  "  (in  freemasonry) 
tiler  " — a  word  not  included,  by  the  way, 
in  the  same  compiler's  '  Concise  Dictionary  ' 
(4th  ed.,  1905).  The  verb  tuiler  is  given 
as  "to  tile,"'  but  this  is  akin  to  tuilier, 
meaning  "  tile-maker,"  and  tuiler ie,  mean- 
ing a  "  tile-works."  H.  Hamilton  and 
E.  Legros,  in  their  '  Dictionnaire  Francais 
et  Anglais  '  (edition  of  1901),  do  not  include 
tuileur,  though  they  do  tuilier,  but  the 
latter  only  in  its  trade  sense  of  "  tiler,  tile- 
maker." 

I  am  informed  by  a  French  Mason 
working  under  the  English  jurisdiction  that 
in  the  French  Lodges  in  London  owning 
obedience  to  the  Grand  Lodge  of  England, 
the  title  applied  to  the  tyler  or  tiler  is 
"  Gardien  du  Temple "  ;  and  he  adds, 
*'  So  far  as  I  know,  they  use  the  same 
word  in  the  Lodges  in  France."  That, 
however,  is  just  the  point  on  which  I  should 
like  information,  which  can  be  given 
without  the  revelation  of  any  Mason's  secret. 
A  GRAND  OFFICER  OF  ENGLAND. 

ELIZABETH  CLEGHORN  GASKELL.  —  I 
should  be  grateful  if  any  reader  possessing, 
or  knowing  of  the  existence  of,  unpublished 
letters  or  documents  relating  to  Mrs.  Gaskell 
would  communicate  with  me. 

A.  STANTON  WHITFIELD. 

Exeter  College,  Oxford. 

r  VINCENZO  MARTINELLI. — Martinelli,  about 
whom  Casanova  has  a  great  deal  to  say, 
was  a  well-known  man  of  letters  in  London 
in  the  middle  of  the  eighteenth  century. 
I  have  given  a  short  account  of  him  at  11  S. 
v.  123.  Dr.  Johnson  met  him  on  April  15, 
1773,  at  General  Paoli's,  when  he  told  the 
doctor  that  "  for  several  years  he  had  lived 
much  with  Charles  Townsend  and  that  he 
ventured  to  tell  him  he  was  a  bad  joker  " 
(Boswell's  '  Johnson,'  Birkbeck  Hill,  ii.  222). 
Martinelli  also  was  a  friend  of  Dr.  Burney 
('Memoirs  of  Dr.  Burney,'  Fanny  Burney, 
i.  294).  Boswell  says  that  he  came  from 


Florence  and  was  the  author  of  a  History  of 
England  in  Italian,  printed  in  London. 
Where  and  when  did  he  die  ? 

HORACE  BLEACKLEY. 

PALAVICINI  ARMS. — Can  anybody  blazon 
the  arms  of  this  family,  which  came  from 
Genoa  and  was  naturalized  in  England  in 
1586  and  settled  at  Babraham,  Cambs  ?  I 
think  there  is  a  charge  of  three  oak  twigs 
fructed. 

Does  naturalization  result,  de  jure,  in 
recognition  by  the  College  of  Heralds  of 
the  arms  legally  borne  by  the  family  in  their 
native  country  ?  A.  G.  KEALY. 

STONE  SIGN  :  LOWER  THAMES  STREET. — 
Let  into  the  front  of  No.  6,  Lower  Thames 
Street,  is  a  stone  sign,  apparently  a  bear  or  a 
sheep  with  a  device  above.  What  is  the 
meaning  of  it  ? 

WALTER  E.  GAWTHORP. 

ROPE  OF  SAND. — Mr.  W.  Gurney  Benham, 
in  '  Cassell's  Book  of  Quotations,'  at  p.  532, 
gives  us  a  proverb,  "  Ex  arena  funiculum 
nectis."  Columella,  who  wrote  about 
A.D.  50,  says  (10,  praef.  §  4),  "  Arenae 
funis  effici  non  potest."  In  a  copy-book 
which  was  in  common  use  about  1880  the 
proverb  took  the  form,  "  You  cannot  make 
a  rope  of  the  sand  of  the  sea."  To  the  '  Lay 
of  the  Last  Minstrel,  '  canto  ii.,  stanza  13, 
the  poet  gives  this  footnote  :  — 

Michael  Scott  was,  once  upon  a  time,  much 
embarrassed  by  a  spirit,  for  whom  he  was  under 
the  necessity  of  finding  constant  employment.  .  .  . 
At  length  the  enchanter  conquered  this  indefati- 
gable demon,  by  employing  him  in  the  hopeless 
and  endless  task  of  making  ropes  out  of  sea-sand. 

Is  the  proverb  current  in  other  countries  ? 
JOHN  B.  WAINE WRIGHT. 

WINES. — Is  there  such  a  thing  as  a  book 
dealing  with  what  ought  to  be  known  about 
wines  :  the  best  vintages,  where  and  how  to 
keep  them,  and  so  forth  ?  If  there  is  such 
a  book  I  shall  be  glad  to  hear  of  it. 

H.  P.  H. 

SPRY  FAMILY. — Can  any  reader  say  if  the 
j  Sprai  mentioned  in  the  following  extract  is 
connected  with  the  Spry  (Sprai)  family  which 
had  already  settled  in  Cornwall  and  Devon 
before  the  reign  of  Henry  IV.  ?  Extract 
from  '  A  History  of  Hampshire  and  the  Isle 
of  Wight,'  vol.  iv.,  edited  by  W.  Page  : — 

In  1167  Great  Bramshill  was  held  by  Herbert 
de  Sprai  or  Esprai,  who  was  succeeded  by  his  son 


and  heir,  Geoffrey  de  Sprai. 
Henry  II.) 


(Pipe  R.,  13 
C.  H.  S. 


310 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [12  s.x.  APRIL  22, 1922. 


"  HlLDEBBAND    OAKTBEE." In    1716  was 

published  in  London  '  An  Answer  to  a 
Colonel's  Letter,'  by  Hildebrand  Oaktree 
(or  Corporal  Oaktree).  Can  anyone  tell  me 
the  real  name  of  the  author  ?  I  do  not  find 
the  information  in  Halket  and  Laing. 

BUBDOCK. 

MALTBY  FAMILY. — I  seek  genealogical 
details  of  the  ancestry  of  "William  Maltby, 
b.  1645,  said  to  be  a  descendant  of  the 
Mautby  family  of  Mautby,  a  parish  three 
miles  west  of  Caister,  and  about  five  and  a 
half  miles  north-west  of  Great  Yarmouth. 
In  the  south  wall  of  the  nave  of  the  church 
of  SS.  Peter  and  Paul  is  a  tomb,  with  cross- 
legged  recumbent  effigy  in  armour,  to  a 
member  of  the  Mautby  family,  formerly 
lords  of  the  manor  of  Mautby. 

TVilliam  Maltby,  with  his  brother  John, 
emigrated  to  America  about  1666.  They  are 
said  to  have  been  of  the  rank  of  "  gentle- 
man " — were  cultured  men  of  prominence 
in  the  colony.  The  family  tradition  is  that 
the  father  of  William  and  John  was  active 
in  the  Civil  Wars,  that  the  family  thus 
came  into  disfavour,  and  that  their  estates 
were  confiscated. 

William  Maltby  had  issue,  by  his  first 
wife,  Hannah  .  .  .  (1)  Jane,  (2)  John, 
(3)  Mary  (b.  1672),  (4)  William  (b.  1673), 
(5)  Elizabeth  (b.  1676),  (6)  David  (b.  1679)  ; 
by  his  second  wife,  Abigail,  daughter  of 
Deputy-Governor  James  Bishop,  he  had 
(7)  Samuel  (b.  1693),  (8)  Jonathan  (b.  1698). 

A  branch  of  the  family  appears  to  have 
migrated  to  Leicestershire.  A  Colonel 
Mautby  or  Maltby  fell  at  the  head  of  his 
volunteers  in  Sir  Arthur  Hesilrigg's  corps  at 
Roundway  Down. 

William  Maltby  evidently  had  a  near 
relative  named  Robert,  as  in  1673  a  Robert 
Maltbye  "witnesses  a  deed  for  William 
Maltby."  The  family  had  also  property  in 
Barbados  in  1701. 

I  shall  appreciate  any  information  re- 
garding the  father  of  William  and  John. 

JAMES  SETON-ANDEBSON. 

39,  Carlisle  Road,  Hove,  Sussex. 

FBOGS  AND  SNAILS  AS  PUBIFIEBS  OF 
WATEB. — At  the  Cape  in  1885  it  used  to  be 
thought  that  frogs  and  toads  purified  the 
water  which  they  frequented,  and  I  think 
I  have  heard  the  same  idea  expressed  here. 
It  is  certainly  said  here  that  water-snails 
should  be  kept  in  small  aquaria  to  purify 
the  water.  Is  there  any  foundation  in  fact 
for  these  beliefs  ? 

ALFBED  S.  E.  ACKEBMANN. 


BEEF  :  EFFECT  ON  ONE'S  WIT. — "  I 
am  a  great  eater  of  beef,  and  I  believer 
that  does  harm  to  my  wit "  ('  Twelfth 
Night,'  I.  iii.  84).  Is  this  idea  current  and 
is  there  any  truth  in  it  ?  The  converse  does 
not  seem  true,  for  vegetarians  have  no  re- 
putations as  wits  ! 

ALFBED  S.  E.  ACKEBMANN. 

THUMB  BIBLES. — I  have  recently  ex- 
amined what  I  believe  to  be  an  unknown 
issue  of  the  third  edition  of  Taylor's  Thumb 
Bible.  It  agrees  with  Col.  Johnston's  No.  6 
in  all  particulars,  except  that  the  imprint 
of  the  general  title  bears  the  date  "  1701.'r 
The  bibliography  of  this  book  has  been 
discussed  in  '  N.  &  Q.'  from  .time  to  time 
during  the  last  50  or  60  years,  and  on  one 
occasion  at  least  the  date  of  this  edition  has 
been  mentioned  as  a  matter  of  uncertainty 
— Col.  Johnston  also  appears  to  be  doubtful 
on  the  point ;  it  is,  therefore,  possible  that 
the  present  copy  is  unique.  Query,  does 
any  reader  know  of  another  copy  (dated)  t 

So  far  as  I  am  aware  the  only  biblio- 
graphy of  this  book  is  that  of  Col.  William 
Johnston,  originally  published  in  the  Edin- 
burgh Bibliographical  Society  Papers,  vol. 
ix.,  and  subsequently  reprinted  separately. 
I  also  beg  to  quote  the  following  references 
in  'N.  &  Q.' :  1  S.  iv.  484—2  S.  i.  232  ;  xii. 
122 — 3  S.  iv.  528 — 10  S.  ix.  366  ;  xii.  367. 

The  present  copy,  which  is  bound  in  black 
morocco,  gilt  tooled,  with  clasps,  is  in  the 
possession  of  Mr.  James  Tregaskis,  66,  Great 
Russell  Street,  W.C.I.  R.  LEWIS. 

PEEL  YATES.  —  Wanted,  particulars  of 
the  Peel  Yates  families.  Why  are  the 
names  coupled  ?  Are  they  of  English 
origin  ?  E.  C.  WIENHOLT. 

3,  Ellachie  Road,  Alverstoke,  Hants. 

THOMAS  ADAMS  of  Warkworth,  North- 
umberland, published  a  volume  of  poems 
in  1811  with  vignettes  by  Thomas  Bewick. 
Can  any  reader  give  date  and  place  of 
birth  and  death  of  Adams  ?  W.  N.  C. 

CHABLES  (OB  CHBISTOPHEB)  ALCOCK, 
writer  on  cricket  and  football.  When  and 
where  did  he  die  ?  W.  N.  C. 

DANIEL  DE  LIGNE  was  admitted  on  the 
foundation  at  Westminster  School  in  1673. 
Any  information  about  him  would  be 
acceptable.  G.  F.  R.  B. 

WILLIAM  JOHNSTOUN  NEILSON  NEALE, 
novelist,  born  in  1812,  died  in  1893.  Any 
information  will  be  esteemed. 

FBANK  JAY. 


12  S.  X.  Ai»niLf:'2.  1922.] 


NOTES   AND   QUERIES. 


311 


"GRAVE"    AND    "  GRESSOM." 

(12  S.  x.  246.) 

"  GRAVE,"  "  greave  "  and  "  reeve  "  are  all 
derived  from  the  A.S.  gerefa,  and  are 
frequently  used  for  the  bailiff  of  a  manor. 
The  bailiffs  of  the  various  manors  within  the 
extensive  Honour  of  Clitheroe  are  still  called 
greaves,  and  anyone"  happening  to  be  in 
Burnley,  Accrington,  or  Haslingden  about 
this  time  of  the  year  would  see  notices 
exhibited,  signed  by  the  greave  of  the  local 
manor,  giving  notice  of  the  holding  of  the 
Easter  Hallmote  Court.  Dr.  Wm.  Farrer, 
in  'The  Court  Rolls  of  the  Honour  of 
Clitheroe,'  vol.  i.,  p.  1  (note)  (Manchester, 
Emmott  and  Co.,  Ltd.,  1897),  says  : — 

The  Greave  was  elected  by  the  tenants  of  the 
Manor  from  among  those  of  their  own  number 
having  most  substance  and  ability.  The  liability 
to  serve  this  office  was  attached  to  the  more  im- 
portant holdings  or  messuages,  called  Greaveships. 

The  following  extract  from  the  Court 
Roll  of  the  Hallmote  Court  for  the  Manor  of 
Chatburn,  Worston,  and  Pendleton  of  Feb. 
7,  1376/7,  printed  in  the  above  volume,  will 
illustrate  the  subject : — 

John  de  Cumberhalgh  is  elected  Greave  of  Pen- 
hilton,  and  sworn. 

John  Tyde  is  elected  Greave  of  Chatteburn,  and 
sworn. 

The  town  [villa]  of  Worston  is  amerced  xl<J 
because  it  has  no  Greave  there,  nor  was  willing 
to  elect  one. 

William  Nowell  and  others  his  neighbours  of  the 
town  of  Worston  complain  against  Adam  de 
Dounom  in  that  the  inhabitants  [commit nitas]  of 
the  town  of  Worston  elected  the  said  Adam  to 
serve  in  the  office  of  Greave  for  this  year,  for  a 
certain  tenement  which  John  Sprot  and  John  Tole 
lately  held  in  the  said  town  of  Worston,  to  their 
injury  xs.  The  defendant  says  that  he  ought  not 
to  hold  the  said  office  until  a  term  of  two  years 
shall  have  been  fully  completed,  and  he  prays  to 
have  an  inquiry.  The  jury  say  that  he  is  not 
guilty.  Therefore  [plaintiffs  are]  in  the  mercy  of 
the  Court  vjd. 

John  Coke  is  elected  Greave  of  Worston,  and 
sworn. 

"  Gressom "  is  evidently  a  variant  of 
"  gersom."  It  is  the  A.S.  gaersuma,  which,  ac- 
cording to  Bosworth,  signifies  "store,  riches, 
treasure,  a  premium,  fine,  an  earnest." 
Jamieson  ('  Dictionary  of  the  Scottish  Lan- 
guage,' Edinburgh,  1818)  has  : — 

Oersome,  gressoume,  a  sum  paid  to  a  landlord  by 
a  tenant,  at  the  entry  of  a  lease,  or  by  a  new  heir 
to  a  lease  or  feu. 

Maigne  d'Arnis,  in  his  abridgment  of  Du 
Cange,  has  : — 

Gersuma,     Apud    forenses    Anglicos  usurpatum 


legitur,  pro  fine,  seu  pecunia  data  in  pactionem,  el 
rei  emptao  vel  conductae  compensationem.  Uncle 
in  venditionum  formulis,  et  locationum  charti.s, 
haec  aut  similia  verba  pro  more  inserta  : 
Pro  tot  solidis  vel  tot  libris  in  gersumam  sol«tis  vel 
j  traditis.  Gersuma  praeterea  pro  delicti  compen- 
satione  interdum  capitur. 

In  the  Glossary  to  '  Tenures  of  Land  and 
Customs  of  Manors,'  by  W.  C.  Hazlitt,  w& 
| find :— 

Gersuma,  a  fine     ...     I  suppose  it  to  be  a 

!  fine  for  a  renewal  of  a  lease,  for  I  take  it  to  be 

I  the  same  with  the  word   in  Scott's   '  Practice  and 

Law,'  called  grassum,  which  has  the  above  signifi- 

i  cation. — SIR  PATRICK  WALKER. 

I    have    some    rolls    and    other    papers 
I  relating  to  the  Court  Baron  of  the  Manor  of 
i  Gisburn  in  the  West  Riding  of  Yorkshire  in 
i  the    seventeenth    century,    from    which    it 
appears   that  on  a  change  of  tenancy  the 
new    tenant    paid    four    pence    for    being 
recognized  as  tenant  and  having  his  name 
entered  on  the  Court  Roll.     This  fee  is  some- 
times called  "  an  alienation  groat,"  but  at 
a  Court  Baron  held  on  Nov.  12,  1669,  the 
jury  presented  that  several  persons  (named) 
I  and  every  of  them  ought  to  be  inserted  in  this 
I  Court  Roll,  and  for  the  same  each  of  them  according 
j  to  the  custom  of  the  Manor  to  pay  under  the  name 
i  of  Alienationis  Gersum  iiijd. 

"  Running  gressom,"  referred  to  by  SIB 
ALFRED  ROB  BINS,  is  evidently  a  payment 
made  by  the  customary  tenant  to  the  Lord 
of  the  Manor  every  five  years,  in  addition 
!  to  the  quit  or  manorial  rent  paid  by  him 
:  yearly,  and  also  in  addition  to  the  fine  which 
I  he  had  to  pay  on  entry.  This  may  be  illus- 
trated from  the  Customs  of  the  Manor  of 
Ingleton,  Yorkshire,  as  settled  by  a  decree 
of  the  Lord  Keeper  Pickering,  June  23,  34 
Elizabeth,  by  which  every  customary  tenant 
is  "  for  fines  and  groshams  "  at  the  end  of 
every  seven  years  to  pay  to  the  Lord  of  the 
Manor  two  years'  old  rent  of  his  customary 
tenements  over  and  besides  the  yearly 
ancient  rent  thereof  which  is  to  be  paid  as 
it  grows  due, 

which  two  years'  rent  at  the  end  of  every  seven 
years  for  fines  and  grossons  shall  be  paid  in  three 
years  after  the  end  of  every  the  same  seven  years 
by  three  equal  parts  and  portions  ; 
and  by  the  same  decree,  on  every  change  of 
tenancy,  except  to  a  child  or  next  heir  of  the 
last  tenant,  15  years'  customary  rent  had  to 
be  paid  as  a  fine,  while  the  next  heir  was  to 
pay,  over  and  above  one  penny  for  his  admit- 
tance, seven  years'  customary  rent  as  a  fine. 
Similar  payments  for  fines  on  change  of 
tenants  and  the  payment  of  two  years' 
customary  rent  "  for  a  running  fine  or 
\  gressome  every  seven  years  "  were  fixed  by 


312 


NOTES  AND   QUERIES.       112 S.X.APRIL 22, 1022. 


a  deed  "between  the  Lord  of  the  Manor  of! 
Twisleton  and  Ellerbeck  in  the  West  Riding 
of  Yorkshire  and  his  tenants,  dated  Oct.  1, 
1625.  (See,  for  this  deed  and  the  above- 
mentioned  decree,  '  Ingleton,  Bygone  and 
Present,'  Balderston ;  London,  Simpkin, 
Marshall  and  Co.  ;  n.d.) 

The  performance  of  the  duties  of  greave 
may  now  be  irksome,  but  the  obligation  to 
undertake  that  office  originated  at  a  time 
when  the  Manorial  Courts  filled  a  very  im- 
portant place  in  the  local  government  of  the 
country,  and  it  proceeded  on  the  same 
principle  as  renders  it  incumbent  to-day  on 
any  duly  qualified  person  to  answer  a 
summons  to  serve  on  a  jury. 

WM.  SELF -WEEKS. 

Westwood,  Clitheroe. 

"  Grave "  appears  in  Scotland  as 
"  grieve,"  a  foreman  or  manager  of  a 
farm,  and  is  quite  common ;  "  gressom," 
also  in  Scotland  as  "  grassum,"  as  a  fine 
or  sum  of  money  paid  on  a  renewal  of  right 
to  land.  W.  DOUGT.AS. 

31,  Sandwich  Street,  W.C.I. 

Some  years  ago  a  Driffield  correspondent 
who  pays  "  greave  "  rent  sent  me  a  copy 
of  a  receipt  for  a  sum  he  had  paid  in  this 
connexion  and  asked  the  origin.  The  receipt 
is  No.  94  and  dated  from  "  Londesborough 
Estate  Office,  Market  Weighton."  It  runs 
as  follows  : — 

Received  the  13th  of  April,  1916,  of  Mr. 

two  Shillings  and  Nine  \  pence,  as  under, 

being  half-year's  greave  rent  due  to  the  Bt. 
Hon.  the  Earl  of  Londesborough  at  Lady  Day 
last. 

My  correspondent  added  that  even  the 
agent  to  the  estate  (who  signed  the  receipt) 
could  give  no  explanation  as  to  the  origin 
or  significance  of  the  claim.  We  know  that 
the  Shire  Reeve  (Sheriff)  perambulated  his 
part  of  the  shire  annually  as  representative 
of  the  king,  and  that  to  him  dues  were 
paid.  On  p.  212  of-  '  Yorkshire  Domesday 
Place  Names  '  we  have  a  note  in  continua- 
tion of  this  subject  (the  Collection  of  Dues 
by  Sheriffs)  which  takes  us  a  step  further  : — 

Large  manors  like  Wakefield  were  divided 
into  greave-ships,  over  each  of  which  was  a 
greave  or  grave,  such  as  Sower  by,  Hipperholme 
Rastrick,  Holme,  &c.,  &c.,  including  severa 
townships  each. 

(Incidentally,  "graving  "  and  "  greeaving  ' 
are    still    common    terms    in    North    Yorks 
for  digging — particularly  turf  (peat)  on  the 
moors.)  J.  FAIRFAX-BLAKEBOROUGH. 

Grove  House,  Norton-on-Tees. 


With  regard  to  the  latter  term,  it  appears 
from  the  following  extract  from  a  letter 
from  Cupar,  Fife,  dated  Feb.  27,  1789,  to 
have  been  spelled  "  grassum  "  in  some  parts 
of  Scotland  : — 

A    small    hill    which    produced    nothing     but 
whins,  and  a  bog,  containing  in  all    five  acres, 
belonging  to  this  town,  and    from  which  no  rent 
nor  other  advantage  accrued   to  the  community, 
was  f  eued  out,  on  the  19th  curt.,  in  twelve  lots,  at 
£5  per  annum,  and  £175.  of  grassum.     This,  and 
many  other  instances,   should  induce  every  other 
oroprietor  of  land  to   attempt  feuing  out  ground 
on   every  part   of   his    estate.     It    also    demon- 
strably  proves  the  propriety  of  the  plans  respect- 
ng  this  subject,  proposed   by  Mr.  David  Young, 
n  his  first  and  second   volumes  on  agriculture. 
JAMES  SETON-ANDERSON. 
39,  Carlisle  Boad,  Hove,  Sussex. 

DID  LORD  BYRON  MAKE  A  TOUR  IN 
CORSICA  IN  1821  ?  (12  S.  x.  270).— The 
answer  is  certainly  in  the  negative.  More- 
over, no  such  work  exists  as  a '  Narrative  of 
Lord  Byron's  Voyage  to  Corsica  and 
Sardinia  during  the  Year  1821,  by  Robert 
Benson ;  London,  1824.'  Robert  Benson, 
Recorder  of  Salisbury,  did  write  a  book 
entitled  '  Sketches  of  Corsica  in  1823,'  which 
he  published  in  1825,  but  there  is  not  a 
word  about  Byron  in  it.  But  there  is  a 
book  by  an  anonymous  writer  which  was 
published  in  London  in  1824,  the  full  title 
of  which  is  as  follows  : — 

Narrative  of  Lord  Byron's  Voyage  to  Corsica 
and  Sardinia  during  the  Summer  and  Autumn 
of  the  Year  1821,  compiled  from  minutes  made 
during  the  voyage  by  the  passengers  and  extracts 
from  the  journal  of  his  Lordship's  yacht  "  The 
Mazeppa "  kept  by  Captain  Benson,  R.N., 
Commander. 

The  author — whoever  he  may  be — claims 
to  have  been  one  of  the  party,  and  has  the 
effrontery  to  say  in  the  Preface  that  he 
"  feels  assured  the  public  will  kindly  receive 
all  he  says  and  vouches  to  be  true." 

The  brochure  states  that  the  party  sailed 
from  Italy  on  June  1,  1821.  That  the 
yacht — 145  tons — beat  about  off  Messina 
till  they  entered  that  port  on  June  7.  That 
after  encountering  severe  weather  and  nearly 
sinking  they  reached  Martello  Bay,  five 
miles  from  Santo  Fiorenzo  in  Corsica  on 
July  2.  That  ultimately  they  sailed  from 
Cagliari  after  a  tedious  stay  of  three  months 
and  anchored  at  Naples  on  November  15. 
The  book  is  very  properly  characterized  in 
the  Index  of  the  London  Library  as  "a 
fabrication,"  and  the  title  page  is  like- 
wise so  endorsed. 

If  any  further  proof  were  needed  that 


i2S.x.APBn.22,i922.]       NOTES   AND  QUERIES. 


313 


this  narrative  is  all  pure  unadulterated 
fiction  it  is  afforded  by  the  letters  in  Moore's 
book,  which  establish  beyond  all  doubt  that 
from  June  till  the  end  of  October,  1821, 
Byron  was  almost  daily  writing  to  either 
Moore  or  Murray  from  Ravenna  and  that 
he  moved  to  Pisa  early  in  November. 
Unlike  Sir  Boyle  Roche's  bird,  he  could 
hardly  have  been  in  two  places  at  one  and 
the  same  time.  WILLOUGHBY  MAYCOCK. 

LINNAEUS  AND  THE  MILE  END  NURSERY- 
MAN (12  S.  x.  250). — The  Linnean  Society 
•of  London  possesses  the  correspondence 
-addressed  to  Linnaeus,  and  amongst  these 
are  six  letters  sent  by  James  Gordon  from 
1761  to  1773,  most  of  them  advising  the 
dispatch  of  plants,  amongst  them  Thea 
viridi* ,  which  Linnaeus  earnestly  desired 
to  have  in  cultivation  in  the  Upsala  Botanic 
Garden,  Gordon  in  his  turn  receiving  living 
plants  of  Linncea  borealis. 

These  letters  have  not  yet  been  printed, 
but  they  have  been  copied  for  issue  in 
*  Bref  och  skrifvelser  af  och  till  Linn6 ' 
(Letters  and  Documents  from  and  to 
Linnaeus)  which  are  in  course  of  publica- 
tion by  the  University  of  Upsala  at  the  cost 
of  the  Swedish  Government,  in  honour  of 
'Sweden's  distinguished  son. 

B.  DAYDON  JACKSON. 

MARY  SEYMOUR:  LADY  BUSHELL  (12  S. 
x.  244). — I  am  afraid  that  MR.  HERBERT 
READE'S  ingenious  suggestions  do  not 
very  well  fit  with  the  facts.  Mary  Seymour 
was  undoubtedly  the  daughter  of 
Catherine  Parr  and  not  of  Elizabeth.  The 
facts  were  well  known  at  the  time,  and  not 
only  is  the  birth  vouched  for  by  two  Acts 
of  Parliament,  and  by  the  circumstances 
of  the  death  of  Catherine  Parr  of  puerperal 
fever,  but  there  is  in  the  Record  Office  a 
letter  from  the  Duke  of  Somerset,  Lord 
Seymour's  brother,  congratulating  him  on 
the  birth  of  the  child  in  terms  which  leave  no 
doubt  as  to  the  mother,  who  is  referred  to 
as  the  Queen.  There  is,  moreover,  a  mass 
of  later  correspondence  relating  to  the  child. 

The  proximity  of  Cleve  to  Sudeley  is 
not  one  of  the  probabilities  of  the  case,  for 
Sudeley  was  forfeited  and  granted  away 
before  the  child  was  two  years  old,  and  she 
lived  with  the  Dowager  Duchess  of  Suffolk 
for  some  years. 

The  word  nipote  (which  is  unknown  to 
me)  must  have  some  other  meaning  than 
MR.  READE  attributes  to  it.  Queen  Eliza- 
beth could  not  possibly  have  had  a  grand- 


daughter of  marriageable  age  so  early  as  1570, 
nor  could  Mary  Seymour  have  had  a  daughter 
of  marriageable  age  in  that  year ;  but 
the  nipote  may  very  well  have  been  Mary 
Seymour  herself,  who  in  that  year  was  22 
years  of  age,  and  this  clue  may  be  worth 
pursuing.  A.  H.  HASTIE. 

65,  Lincoln's  Inn  Fields. 

[Nipote  is  the  Italian  for  nephew  or  niece  as 
well  as  for  grandson  or  granddaughter  (cf.  Latin 
nepos).] 

Mary,     daughter    of    Lord    Seymour    of 

Sudeley,   is  mentioned  by  Collins   (i.    153), 

who  states  that  she  "  died  in  her  infancy, 

after  being  restored  in  blood."     Lord  Sey- 

|  mour  appears  to  have  made  two  attempts 

i  to   marry   the   Princess    Elizabeth,    and   to 

have  married  the    Queen  Dowager  after  the 

failure   of   his   first   attempt.      Collins   says 

that  after  the  death  of  his  wife  (Sept.    5, 

1548) 

the  admiral  renewed  his  addresses  to  the  Lady 
Elizabeth,  but  in  vair  ;  for  her  right  of  succession 
to  the  throne  depended,  according  to  her  father's 
will,  on  her  marrying  with  the  consent  of  his 
executors. 

This  second  attempt  to  bring  about  the 
marriage  led  to  Lord  Seymour's  prosecution, 
and  one  of  the  charges  brought  against 
him  was 

endeavouring  to  espouse  the  Princess  Elizabeth 
(with  whom  he  had  carried  on  an  intrigue  too  far 
to  be  exposed  in  a  public  court  of  justice). 

It  seems  probable,  therefore,  that  any  such 
daughter  as  is  suggested  by  MR.  READE 
would  not  have  been  born  before  1549. 

There  are  very  full  pedigrees  of  the 
Bushell  family  in  the  Visitations  of  War- 
wickshire, Gloucestershire  and  Worcester- 
shire, but  there  is  no  mention  of  any  Seymour 
marriage.  Sir  Edward  Bushell  of  Cleve  had 
two  wives  :  (1)  Margaret,  d.  of  John  Delves 
of  Cottington,  Cheshire ;  (2)  Anne,  d.  of 
Cotton  Gargrave  of  Norffeld,  Yorks.  By 
the  first  wife  there  were  five  children, 
of  whom  Thomas  was  living  in  1594. 

The  arms  of  Bushell,  as  given  in  the 
Visitations  of  Warwickshire  and  Worcester- 
shire, are  :  Argent,  a  chevron  between  three 
water  bougets  sable,  with  three  other 
quarterings.  In  the  Visitation  of  Glou- 
cestershire they  are  given  as  Gules,  a  bend 
wavy  between  two  plain  cottises  or. 

H.  J.  B.  CLEMENTS. 

JOHN  ABERCROMBIE,  HORTICULTURIST 
(12  S.  x.  273).— Born  1726  ;  died  in  London 
on  May  2,  1806  ;  buried  at  St.  Pancras. 

J.  ARDAGH. 


314 


NOTES   AND   QUERIES.      [12 S.X.APRIL 22, 1922. 


EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY  LONDON"  COFFEE- 
HOUSES AND  TAVERNS  (12  S.  x.  202,  and 
references  there  given). — MR.  PAUL  DE 
CASTRO  may  like  to  have  the  following 
list,  and  though  perhaps  most  of  them 
are  already  included  in  his  record,  the 
precise  dates  attached  may  have  some 
value.  The  names  are  mentioned  in  the 
briginal  private  and  business  letter- 
book,  in  my  possession  and  now  being 
edited,  of  Edward  Strong,  jun.  (b.  Jan.  11, 
1675;  6  ;  d.  Oct.  10,  1741),  son  and  associate 
of  the  master-mason  of  St.  Paul's  Cathedral, 
Edward  Strong,  sen.  The  letter-book  covers 
the  period  August,  1730,  to  August,  1740. 

Years  when 

COFFEE-HOUSES.  mentioned. 

Jack's,  near  the  Guildhall  1739-40 

Mackrell'.s  July  28,  1735 

Tulman's,  late  Mackrell's  Nov.  20,  1739 

St.  Paul's  1735-1738 

Turk's  Head,  near  Exeter  Ex- 
change in  the  Strand.  1732 
Will's,  in  Cornhill  1740 
Edward  Strong,  jun.,  makes  an 
appointment  "  to  meet  at 
Bartlet's  Buildings,  either  at 
a  house  [of  which  he  was 
the  landlord,  formerly  let 
to  Mr.  John  Morris,  but  from 
March,  1735,  let  to  Mr.  St. 
John]  or  at  the  Coffee 
HOUFP,"  presumably  in  these 
Buildings ;  but  perhaps 
Mackrell's  Coffee-house  is 
meant  1735 
Coffee  houses  in  the  neighbour- 
hood of  the  Royal  Exchange 
are  alluded  to,  but  not 
specified  1739 

The  Crown  Coffee-house  in  Seven 

Oakes,  Kent  1735 

TAVERNS. 

The  Angel,  Lombard  Street  1735 

The      Bedford      Head,      Covent 

Garden  1732 

The    Blue      Perugue    (sic),    Bed 

Lyon  Street,  Holborn  1739 

The    Crown    in    Smithfield,    also 
called  West  Smithfield,  and 
in    one    letter    called    both  ' 
Tavern  and  Inn  1733-1740 

The  Crown  behind  the  Royal  Ex- 
change, which  with  the  estate 
adjoining  thereto,  belonging 
to  George  Jackson,*  Esq., 
of  Great  Warley  Place,  near 
Brentwood,  Essex,  was  mort- 
gaged to  Edward  Strong,  jun.  1733-5 


*  Mr.  George  Jackson,  who  was  also  of  St.  John's 
Lane,  near  Hick's  Hall,  d.  between  Nov.  1,  1734, 
and  April,  1735,  when  his  "  sister,"  Mrs.  Winifred 
Jackson,  was  of  Great  Warley  Place,  near  Brent- 
wood.  Her  "  brother,"  Mr.  Thomas  Jackson, 
is  Mentioned  in  1737. 


The  George  Inn,  Southwark  1731 

The  Hoop,  in  the  Strand  1733 

The  Two  Round  Lamps,  Tavistock  FC3 

Street,  Covent  Garden  1735 

HENRY    CURTIS. 
2,  Richmond  Terrace,  Whitehall. 

The  King's  Arms,  Holborn  Bridge,  is 
mentioned  in  The  Gazette  of  Aug.  7,  1762 
(see  Southey's  '  Commonplace  Book,'  4th 
series,  p.  373).  Is  this  the  King's  Arms, 
Newgate  Street,  mentioned  at  vi.  105  ? 

The  Red  Lion,  Southwark  Park,  is 
mentioned  1717/8  (op.  cit.,  p.  378). 

The  same  book  mentions  other  slightly 
earlier  and  later  taverns,  e.g.,  in  1682  the- 
Bowman  Tavern,  Drury  Lane,  and  th& 
Queen's  Arms  Tavern,  St.  Martin-le-Grand 
(p.  374);  in  1681,  "William  Adam's, 
commonly  called  the  Northern  Alehouse, 
in  St.  Paul's  Alley,  in  St.  Paul's  Churchyard  " 
(p.  373)  ;  and  'Feb.  20,  1801,  the  "Coach 
and  Horses  public-house,  Mount  Street, 
Grosvenor  Square  (p.  455). 

JOHN  B.  WAINE WRIGHT. 

OLD  LONDON  BRIDGE  (12  S.  x.  245). — 
I  fear  that  MR.  WALTER  RYE,  in  his  ex- 
cellent note",  has  lost  sight  of  the  fact  that 
a  wooden  bridge  preceded  that  built  by 
Peter  of  Colechurch,  and  therefore  the 
early  charter  he  cites  has  reference  to  it 
and  is  not  good  evidence,  even  by  inference, 
permitting  us  to  question  the  usual  attri- 
bution of  the  second  (or  stone)  bridge 
to  the  aforesaid  Peter.  Stow  mentions 
both  these  bridges,  their  structure  and 
relative  positions. 

Colechurch  is  more  probable  than  Cole- 
kirk,  but  Stow  is  not  a  reliable  authority, 
as  he  says  (edition  of  1603,  p.  266),  "  is 
the  Parish  Church  of  Saint  Mary  Cole- 
church,  named  of  one  Cole  that  builded 
it "  ;  and  (edition  of  1603,  p.  286)  "  is 
Coleman  Streete,  so  called  of  Coleman  the 
first  builder  and  owner  thereof,  as  also  of 
Colechurch,  or  Coleman  Church  agaynst  the 
great  conduit  in  Cheape." 

St.  Mary  de  Colechurch  is  included  in 
the  list  of  churches  mentioned  in  the 
'Taxats'  of  Pope  Nicholas  IV.  (1291) 
as  "  S.  Marie  de  Colecherche  (Cholcherch)  " 
(vide  '  London  Churches  before  the  Great 
Fire,'  by  Wilberforce  Jenkinson  (1917), 
p.  299).  ALECK  ABRAHAMS. 

THE  ONE-LEGGED  LORD  MAYOR  (12  S. 
x.  251). — This  was  Sir  Brook  Watson,  first 
baronet  (1735-1807),  whose  leg  was  bitten  off 
by  a  shark  at  Havana  when  he  was  a  boy. 
There  is  a  mezzotint  by  Valentine  Green, 


i2S.x.APBn,22,i922.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


315 


after  a  painting  by  J.  S.  Copley,  depicting 
the  scene,  published  May  1,  1779.  It  shows 
"  a  boat  with  eight  men  rescuing  a  young 
man,  bathing,  from  a  shark  on  the  right, 
which  is  just  about  to  turn  in  the  water  " 
{'  British  Mezzotint  Portraits,'  J.  Chaloner 
Smith,  p.  596).  Chaloner  Smith  says  that 
Brook  Watson  was  sixteen  years  old  at  the 
time  and  that  it  occurred  in  1749,  but, 
according  to  the  '  D.N.B.,'  whose  arithmetic 
seems  to  be  more  precise,  he  was  fourteen. 
He  died  at  East  Sheen  on  Oct.  2,  1807,  and 
was  buried  at  Mortlake.  There  is  a  long 
obituary  notice  in  The  Gentleman's  Magazine 
<1807),  pp.  987-8.  He  appears  in  the 
'  Histories  of  the  Tete-a-tete,'  in  The  Town 
and  Country  Magazine,  in  February,  1787 
(vol.  xix.,  p.  51),  as  "The  Pensioned  Magis- 
trate," and  his  vis-a-vis  is  a  lady,  called  "  The 
Subtle  Prude."  The  accompanying  portrait 
.shows  him  an  old  man  in  an  alderman's  gown. 
HORACE  BLEACKLEY. 

Brook  Watson,  who  was  Lord  Mayor  of 
London  in  1796,  was  born  in  1735,  and,  when 
a,  lad  of  fourteen,  whilst  bathing  at  Havana, 
was  attacked  by  a  shark  and  lost  his  foot  and 
part  of  his  leg.  His  life  was  saved  by  boat- 
men beating  the  shark  off  with  a  boat-hook. 
A  print  of  this  incident  appears  in  '  Wonders 
of  the  Universe'  (1824),  p.  468.  In  1759, 
Brook  Watson  settled  in  London  as  a  mer- 
chant, having  served  as  a  commissary 
abroad.  He  was  appointed  Commissary 
General  to  the  Army  in  North  America  in 
1782,  and  upon  his  return  in  1784  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  Parliament  for  the  City 
of  London,  and,  after  becoming  Alderman 
and  serving  as  Sheriff  in  1785,  was  chosen 
Lord  Mayor  in  1796.  In  1798  he. received 
a  commission  as  Commissary-General  of 
England,  and  was  created  a  baronet  in 
December,  1803.  He  lived  for  some  years 
at  The  Cedars,  East  Sheen,  where  he  died 
in  1807,  his  nephew,  Sir  William  Kay, 
succeeding  to  the  baronetcy.  In  the 
possession  of  the  Barnes  District  Council 
is  a  print  of  the  worthy  baronet  with  a 
wooden  leg  and  a  pigtail. 

ALFRED  J.  WOOLMER. 

A  book  published  in  1880  and  entitled 
*  The  Squire's  Daughter  and  Other  Tales  ' 
(reprinted  from  Chambers' 's  Journal)  contains 
the  story  of  this  Lord  Mayor.  The  tale 
called  *  The  Lost  Leg  '  is  briefly  this  : — 

Brook  Watson  was  born  about  1735  in 
Maine, U.S. A.  He  became,  when  twenty,  the 
second  mate  of  the  schooner  Royal  Consort. 


This  vessel  sailed  fromnHavana,  and  on  July 
14,  1755,  lay  in  the  Tropics  ;  here  the  intense 
heat  one  day  led  Watson  to  bathe.  A  shark 
sighted  him  and  an  exciting  chase  began. 
Luckily  he  was  saved,  but  not,  however, 
before  his  leg  had  provided  the  monster 
with  a  meal.  In  later  life  he  became  Lord 
Mayor  of  London,  and  was  also  made  a 
baronet.  Two  inventors  from  America, 
while  being  entertained  by  Sir  Brook  Watson, 
overwhelmed  him  with  questions  on  many 
matters  ;  finally  they  tried  to  find  out  how 
he  lost  his  leg,  a  subject  on  which  he  was  ever 
sensitive.  Weary  of  their  curiosity,  he 
determined  to  get  a  joke  out  of  it,  so  a  bond 
was  drawn  up  by  which  the  Americans  were 
to  forfeit  £1,000  if,  on  hearing  his  answer 
about  his  lost  leg,  they  asked  him  any 
further  questions.  When  this  bond  was 
duly  signed  and  witnessed,  he  said  to  them, 
"  It  was  bitten  off  !  "  No  more  did  he  add, 
and  his  curious  visitors  departed  "  rather 
embarrassed  and  highly  dissatisfied,"  and 
were  heard  questioning  each  other,  '*  Who 
do  you  s'pose  bit  off  his  leg  ?  " 

WINIFRED  D.  BEAL. 
The  Old  Farm,  Poole,  Dorset. 

"  TOUR  D'IVOIRE  "  (12  S.  x.  251).— On  col. 
545,  vol.  Ixix.  (Jan. -June,  1914),  of  Ulnter- 
mediaire,  a  correspondent  asked,  under  the 
above  heading,  whether  this  expression  had 
been  used  with  reference  to  any  poets  and 
thinkers  earlier  than  Alfred  de  Vigny.  He 
ended  his  letter  with  the  question,  "  En  tout 
cas,  quel  est  1'auteur  de  cette  belle  locu- 
tion ?  " 

A  reply  appeared  on  col.  779,  beginning 
"  Cette  image  devenue  en  quelque  sorte  pro- 
verbiale,  semble  bien  etre  de  la  creation  de 
Sainte-Beuve,"  and  seven  lines  of  his 
'  Pensees  d'aout '  were  given.  Another 
answer  was  acknowledged  to  the  same 
effect,  and  one  followed  in  which  I  suggested 
that  the  source  of  the  "  belle  locution  "  was 
to  be  found  in  '  The  Song  of  Songs,'  vii.  4, 
"  Collum  tuum  sicut  turris  eburnea,"  and 
compared  the  '  Litany  of  Loretto,' 

Rosa  mystica, 

Turris  Davidica, 

Turris  eburnea, 

Domus  aurea, 

which  Swinburne  had  in  mind  when,  in  the 
third  stanza  of  '  Dolores,'  he  wrote 
O  tower  not  of  ivory,  but  builded 

By  hands  that  reach  heaven  from  hell ; 
O  mystical  rose  of  the  mire, 

O  house  not  of  gold  but  of  gain. 

EDWARD  BENSLY. 


316 


NOTES   AND   QUERIES.       [  12  s.x.  APRIL  22, 1922. 


Turris  eburnea  is  one  of  the  titles  given 
to  Our  Lady  in  the  '  Litany  of  Loretto  '  and 
is  taken  from  the  Canticum  Canticorum  or 
'  Song  of  Solomon.' 

Murray's  '  Illustrated  Bible  Dictionary  ' 
(1909),  at  p.  376,  after  mentioning  the  ivory 
throne  of  Solomon  which  was  overlaid  with 
gold  (1  K.  x.  18  ;  2  Chr.  ix.  17),  says  :— 

It  is  difficult  to  determine  whether  the  "  tower 
of  ivory  "  cf  Cant.  vii.  4  is  a  figure  of  speech,  or 
whether  it  is  based  on  an  original,  such  as  the 
ivory  throne  of  Solomon  above  mentioned  (cf. 
Rev.  xx.  1 1 ). 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

"SouTHAM  CYDER"  (12  S.  x.  250,  293).— 
This  is  cider  made  in  the  Southam  (or 
South  Hams)  district  of  Devonshire,  the 
district  bounded  by  the  rivers  Tamar  and 
Teign,  Dartmoor  and  the  Channel.  Brice, 
in  his  'Gazetteer'  (1759),  under  'Devon- 
shire,' says  : — 

That  part  call'd  the  South  Hams  is  particularly 
famous  for  its  excellent  Cyder,  smart  and 
sprightly,  beautifully  transparent,  cordially  ex- 
hilarating, and  healthily  potent.  It,  well  made, 
well  preserv'd,  and  free  from  Adulteration,  is  very 
durable,  and  has  in  long  Voyages  been  found  in- 
finitely preferable  to  Beer,  one  Tun  of  it  going 
as  far  in  use  as  3  of  the  Malt-liquor.  It  in  hot 
Climates  is  experienced  to  keep  much  better,  and 
consequently  may  be  esteem'd  much  whole- 
somer. 

Luckombe,  too,  in  '  England's  Gazetteer ' 
(1751),  says  this  district  was 
famous  for  that  noble  rough  cyder,  which  is 
generally  preferred  to  the  soft,  sickly  Hereford 
redstreak  ;  and  so  near  wine  in  taste,  that  it 
has  tempted  some  vintners  and  coopers  in  London, 
as  well  as  in  other  cities  and  towns,  to  mix  it 
with  their  port  wines. 

Defoe,  in  his  '  Tour  through  Great 
Britain'  (1724),  was  told  that 
they  send  twenty  thousand  hogsheads  of  cider 
hence  every  year  to  London,  and  (which  is  still 
worse)  that  it  is  most  of  it  bought  there  by  the 
merchants  to  mix  with  their  wines — which,  if 
true,  is  not  much  to  the  reputation  of  the  London 
vintners. 

One  parish  in  the  district — Staverton — was 
said  to  make  yearly  more  hogslieads  of  cider 
than  there  Were  men,  women  and  children  in 
the  place. 

R.  PEARSE  CHOPE. 

HENRY  ELLIS  BOATES  OF  LIVERPOOL  (12  S. 
x.  251,  297). — His  father  was  William,  whose 
business  was  that  of  slave -trading.  William 
was  a  waif,  found  in  a  boat,  hence  the 
surname.  He  was  brought  up  by  the 
person  who  found  him,  placed  in  the  local 
Blue  Coat  School,  and  afterwards  apprenticed 
to  the  sea.  He  rose  to  be  commander  of 


|  a  slave-ship,  prospered,  and  became  one  of 

j  the   leading   merchants   and   shipowners   of 

!  Liverpool.     In  the  paper  of  June  6,   1760, 

the     marriage     is     announced     of     "  Capt. 

William    Boates,    formerly    of    the    African 

trade,  merchant,  to  Miss  Brideson,  daughter 

!  of  Mr.  Paul  Brideson  of  Douglas,  Isleman 

[Isle  of  Man]." 

The   Liverpool   paper   of   Nov.    3,    1794, 

records    the    death,    at    the    age    of    78,    of 

"  William    Boates,    Esq.,    whose    extensive 

transactions  in  the  commercial  world,"  &c. 

He  was  buried  in  the  Old  Churchyard.     His 

I  dau.  married  Richard  Puleston,  Esq.,  and 

!  died    at    Brighton,    September,    1794.     His 

i  son,  Henry  Ellis  of  Rosehill,  Denbighshire, 

died  in  January,  1805.     The  above  is  taken 

'  from  '  The  Liverpool  Privateers,'  by  Gomer 

!  Williams.  A.  G.  KEALY. 

BARREL  ORGANS  IN  CHURCHES  (12  S.  x. 
209,  254). — There  is  (or  was  last  Easter> 
an  early  barrel  organ  carefully  preserved 
in  Farnham  Church  (near  Knaresborough, 
Yorks).  There  is  an  inscription  as  to  date, 
&c.,  attached,  if  my  memory  serves  me 
aright.  J.  FAIRFAX-BLAKEBOROUGH. 

Grove  House,  Norton-on-Tees. 

Years  ago  there  were  barrel  organs  in 
the  following  Somerset  churches  :  Muchelney, 
Charlton  Musgrove,  Stawley,  Bathealton, 
Isle  Abbots,  Staplegrove,  Churchstanton 
and  Stoke  St.  Gregory.  The  one  at 
Muchelney  is  still  preserved  there ;  the 
organ  at  Stawley  is,  I  believe,  used  every 
Sunday  at  the  present  time  ;  the  Church- 
stanton specimen  has  been  transformed 
into  a  manual  organ.  I  remember  many 
years  ago  acting  as  deputy  for  an  organist 
at  the  village  of  Misterton,  and  playing  on 
a  converted  barrel  organ.  So  far  as  I  have 
been  able  to  trace  the  Stawley  barrel  organ 
is  the  only  one  in  use  in  Somerset. 

W.  G.  WiLLrs  WATSON. 

Pinhoe. 

NEVIN  FAMILY  (12  S.  x.  131,  178).— On 
Nov.  30,  1909,  Miss  Edith  Irwin  of  Dublin 
found  the  will  (Record  Office,  Dublin)  of 
Hugh  Nevin  of  Tullyglishoglade,  Co.  Armagh, 
1783.  Children :  James,  Elizabeth,  Jane, 
Hugh,  Arthur.  Also  the  marriage  licence 
bond  of  Dr.  Robert  Irwin  and  Elizabeth 
Nevin,  daughter  of  Hugh  Nevin,  above. 
Robert  Irwin  paid  the  Bishop  of  Armagh 
£100  for  the  licence. 

H.    C.    Irwin    of    Mount    Irwin,    Tynan, 


12  s.x.  APRIL 22, 1922.]      NOTES   AND  QUERIES. 


317 


Co.  Armagh,  wrote  under  date  of  September,    suggests   that  when  King  Charles  enclosed  the 

Paik  it  ma\  have  been  his  intention  to  use  this 


1909: 


ma> 
I  mound  as  a  standing-place  to  shoot  from  when. 


Elizabeth  (Tsevin)  Irwin  was  my  great-grand-  i  the  ^eer  were  driven  past  on  the  flat  open  space 
mothei.  After  the  death  of  her  husband,  Robert  immediately  in  front  of  him. 
Irwin,  she  lived  with  her  son  William  (my  grand- 1  £:<  jesse  says  that  there  is  no  doubt  this  mound 
father)  until  early  in  the  nineteenth  century, !  was  jn  the  fjrs^  pktce  a  British  barrow.  Be 
when  she  moved  to  Anapola,  County  Monaghan.  j  states  it  was  once  opened  and  a  considerable  deposit 
She  died  at  Anapola,  at  the  age  of  80,  in  J83U;  of  a&hes  was  found  in  the  centre  of  it.  It  is 
and  was  buried  at  Tynan,  Nov.  11,  1831.  [generally  known  that  a  large  number  of  such 

barrows 


If  CAPTAIN  FIREBRACE  would  get  in  touch  | 
with  H.  C.  Irwin  he  could  very  likely  learn 
the  parentage  of  his  ancestor,  Jane  (Irwin) 


Black. 


J.  D.  NEVTN, 


were  once  to  be-  found  in  the  immediate 
vicinity ,  twenty -three  having  once  stood  on 
Wimbledon  Common,  on  the  high  ground  over- 
looking Kingston  Vale  and  Roehampton. 


"  THE  KING'S  STAND  INGE  "  IN  RICHMOND 
PARK  (12  S.  x.  273). — My  predecessor,  the 
late  Mr.  A.  A.  Barkas,  made  considerable 
re-earches  into  the  history  of  Richmond 
Park,  and  I  extract  the  following  from  one 
of  his  lectures  on  the  subject  : — 

This  mound  stands  about  100  yards  beyond 
the  end  of  the  "  New  Terrace  "  walk.  It  is 
separated  fiom  the  footpath  in  the  Paik  by  a 
ditch  01  fosse  and  a  light  iron  fence.  The  tradition 
which  has  been  handed  down  from  father  to 
son  by  the  several  park  keepers  is  that  Henry  VIII. 
stood  on  this  mound  to  watch  for  a  signal  from 
the  Tower  of  London  assuring  him  of  the  execu 
tion  of  his  wife,  Anne  Boleyn.  There  are,  how- 
ever, sti  ong  reasons  for  doubting  this  story. 

Anne  Boleyn  was  beheaded  at  noon,  May  19th, 
1536.  History  shows  that  on  the  evening  of 
that  day  Henry  was  at  a  revel  60  miles  away  from 
this  spot. 

Confusion  exists  also  as  to  the  character  of 
the  signal,  to  say  nothing  of  the  amusing  nature 
of  the  confusion. 

Some  waters  say  it  was  the  sound  of  a  gun, 
others  the  flash  f  om  the  gun,  one  writer  alarms 
it  was  a  black  flag,  and  Dr.  Evans  and  E.  Jesse 
both  state  that  it  was  a  rocket,  whilst  Miss 
Strickland  nv-ntions  both  signal-gun  and  a  flag 
on  the  sp.re  of  Old  St.  Paul's.  According  to 
Ha- risen  Ainsworth,  in  his  story  •  Witx.sor 
Cai-tl<V  th(>  King  is  described  as  being  in  Winusor 
Park  at  the  time  of  the  execution.  I  am  told 
that  when  the  trees  are  bare  the  Tower  of  London 
is  visible  from  the  mound  in  question.  I  have 
not  seen  it  myself,  but  the  distance  is  close  on 
eleven  miles. 

But  the  question  that  arises  in  my  mind  is 
whether  it  would  be  possible  at  noon-day  in 
May  and  at  that  distance  to  see  the  flash  of  a 
gun.  or  the  bursting  of  a  rocket,  or  even  to  hear 
the  sound  of  a  gun  of  that  p-  riod. 

Again,  the  same  tradition  has  long  been  attached 
to  soii.e  high  g  ound  in  Epping  Forest 

On  the  1637  map,  the  olaest  we  have  of  th< 
Park,  the  site  is  named  "  The  King's  Standinge. 
This  name  may  be  a  reference  to  the  Henry  VI II 
legend,  but  it  seems  to  me  more  probable  that 
it  re.ers  to  the  then  reigning  King  Charles  I. 
who  •  •nHosed  the  Park  in  that  year. 

The  spot  is   the   highest  g  ound    in    the    Paik 
and    mav   have   been   the    King's  standpoint   fo 
issuing  his  oiders  wh°n  purveying  the  land. 
Mr.  Pulman,  the  Superintendant  of  the  Park 


In  view  of  these  facts,  it  is  pretty  certain  that 

Major,  U.S.  Marines.  I  whatev.er  purposes  the  mound  may  have  served 
1  in  later  years  it  was  in  the  first  place  an  ancient 


no 
On 


burial-place. 

A.   CECIL  PIPER, 

Borough  Librarian  ~ 
Richmond,    Surrey. 

The  story  of  Henry  VIII.  waiting  for 
:he  Tower  gun  to  announce  the  execution  of 
Anne  Boleyn  is  also  told  in  connexion 
with  the  "Anne  Boleyn  Castle,"  East  Ham^. 
Pimp  Hall,  Chingf  ord ;  and  elsewhere.  Pagen- 
stecher's  '  History  of  East  and  West  Ham,' 
p.  210,  referring  to  the  former,  says  : — - 

It  is  said  that  the  King  was  waiting  there  OIL 
the  day  she  was  beheaded,  until  the  Tower  gun 
was  fired  as  a  signal  of  the  completion  of  the 
sanguinary  deed.  No  pang  of  remorse, 
wave  of  compassion  passed  over  him. 
h'-aring  the  boom  of  the  gun,  he  started  off  with 
his  attendants  on  a  hunting  expedition  in  the 
forest  The  very  next  day  he  married  Lady 
Jane  Seymour. 

In  a  '  Guide  to  Chingf  ord,'  by  Bruce 
Cook,  p.  29,  referring  to  a  barn  at  Pimp 
Hall,  Chingford,  the  writer  says  : — 

There  ib  a  story  connected  with  this  barn  that 
Hen:  y  VIII.,  upon  the  day  fixed  for  the  execution 
of  Anne  Boleyn  (only  three  years  after  his  hasty 
marriage  to  her),  stung  with  remorse  rode  hastily 
out  of  London  trying  to  stifle  his  thoughts,  as 
the  hour  of  execution  drew  near,  with  a  day's 
hunting  in  Epping  Forest.  Arriving  at  the  barn, 
where  the  banquet  was  being  prepared,  he  heard 
the  guns  on  Tower  Hill  announcing  that  Anne 
Boleyn  was  beheaded.  He"  immediately  post- 
poned the  hunt  and  hurried  back  to  London. 
The  day  following,  he  rode  into  Wiltshire  and 
married  Jane  Seymour,  his  third  wife". 

Percival's  '  London's  Forest.'  p.  47,  places 
the  tradition  at  High  Beech  or  Buckhurst 
Hill,  and  says  that  "  when  the  roar  of  the 
cannon  conveyed  to  him  that  the  heads- 
man's work  was  done — that  Anne  Boleyn 
was  no  more — he  exclaimed,  "  The  day's 
work  is  done ;  uncouple  the  dogs  and  let  us 


follow  the  sport." 


G.  H.  W. 


"  BERWICK 
"  berquet  "   or 


(12    S.    x.     229). — This    is 
bercovet,"  an  old  English 


weight,  about  1731b.  avoirdupois.       J.  W. 


318 


NOTES   AND   QUERIES.      [12 S.X.APRIL 22, 1922. 


"CoGET"  (12  S.  x.  230). — The  g  in  the 
above  should  be  q,  as  Bailey's  '  Dictionary  ' 
(A.D.  1747)  has  the  following  :— 

Cockington,  a  village  in  Devonshire,  probably  I 
so  called  from  great  cockfightings  kept  there. 

J.  W. 

DE  HERINGESHAE  (12  S.  x.  248). — Is  not  | 
this  the  modern  Sherringham,  near  Cromer,  j 
Norfolk  ?  J.  W. 

SIR  HENRY  JOHNSON  OF  POPLAR  (12  S.  x. 
249). — From  private  family  papers  I  note  j 
that  Sir  Henry  Johnson's  mother  was  j 
"  Dorothy  "  Lord.  But  in  Lysons's  '  En-  j 
virons  of  London,'  under  the  heading  of  j 
either  Poplar  or  Blackwall,  her  name  is  | 
given  as  "  Mary."  I  quote  from  Lysons  : —  | 

Sir  Henry  Johnson  married  Mary,  daughter  j 
and  heiress  of  William  Lord,  Esq.,  of  Melton,  j 
in  Kent,  by  whom  he  had  two  sons,  Henry  and  > 
William. 

Personally,  I  should  be  very  grateful  for  i 
any  facts  concerning  William,  who  became  \ 
Governor    of    Cape    Coast    Castle    and    died ; 
there     in      1718.     He     married,     secondly, ! 
Agneta,  daughter  of  Captain  Hartgill  Baron,  j 
Secretary    to    Prince    Rupert.     I    made    in- 
quiries    lately    regarding     the     Barons     at 
ante,  p.  92.  <MRS.)  A.  N.  GAMBLE. 

RUVIGNY'S  PLANTAGENET  ROLLS  (12  S.  x. 
4g). — MR.  W.  G.  D.  FLETCHER  states  that  it 
was  the  intention  of  the  late  Marquis  de 
Ruvigny  to  bring  out  a  series  of  volumes 
embracing  all  the  known  descendants  of 
King  Edward  III. — a  most  formidable 
task  !  I  have  somewhere  seen  it  stated 
that  there  are  some  30,000  families  able  to 
trace  their  descent  from  this  monarch. 
Can  this  statement  be  verified  ?  T. 

PORTRAIT  OF  LADY  HARRINGTON  (12  S.  x. 
227). — If  negative  evidence  is  of  any  value 
it  may  interest  your  correspondent  to  know 
that  there  is  no  portrait  of  the  Countess 
mentioned  in  '  A.L.A.  Portrait  Index  : 
Index  to  Portraits  contained  in  printed 
Books  and  Periodicals  '  (1906).  This  being 
an  American  publication  it  may  not  be 
known  to  MR.  BLEACKLEY. 

H.  TAPLEY-SOPER. 

HOLBORN,  MIDDLE  Row  (12  S.  x.  94, 
239).— According  to  Wheatley's  '  London 
Past  and  Present '  the  demolition  of  Middle 
Row  was  begun  Aug.  31,  1867,  and  "  the 
roadway  over  it  was  opened  in  the  follow- 
ing December."  The  same  authority  states 
that  the  removal  of  Middle  Row  cost  £61,000. 

G.  F.  R.  B. 


GRAFTON,  OXON  (12  S.  v.  320;  vi.  51, 
153). — Several  correspondents  kindly  sup- 
plied me  with  information  in  regard  to  this 
manor.  I  notice,  in  several  rolls  of  arms, 
Tayler  of  Grafton,  Oxon,  Ermine,  on  a 
chief  indented  gules,  three  escallop  shells 
arg.  ;  crest,  A  lion's  head  erased  arg.  ducally 
gorged  or.  Can  anyone  identify  this  family 
and  state  their  connexion  with  Grafton  ? 
References  to  printed  pedigrees  would  be 
appreciated.  In  a  parchment  MS.  these 
arms  are  quoted  as  those  of  James  Tayler, 
Esq.,  of  Grayton,  or  Greyton,  in  the  county 
of  Oxfordshire.  Is  there  a  place  of  that 
name  ?  A.  W.  WALLIS -TAYLER. 

Beulah  Cottage,  Tatsfield,  near  Westerham. 

ROYAL  ANTEDILUVIAN  ORDER  OF 
BUFFALOES  (12  S.  x.  229).— See  4  S.  iii.  106, 
267  ;  iv.  124,  372—9  S.  ix.  134.  I  have  not 
in  my  possession  the  above  series,  but  only 
the  Indices.  I  remember  reading,  whether 
in  'N.  &  Q.'  I  forget,  that  this  Friendly 
Society  was  founded  as  the  result  of  a  joke, 
about  100  years  ago.  I  believe  that  much 
good  fellowship  and  charity  have  been 
the  outcome  of  the  institution  of  the  Order. 
HERBERT  SOUTHAM. 

[MR.  HERBERT  CLAYTON,  at  the  last  reference, 
states  that  seven  works  upon  this  subject  (the 
earliest  published  in  1893)  will  be  found  entered  in 
the  British  Museum  Catalogue.] 

LAMBERT  FAMILY  (12  S.  x.  182,  232).— 
With  further  reference  to  George  Lambert 
of  Dundalk,  it  may  be  of  interest  to  note 
that  in  the  charter  granted  to  that  town 
by  Charles  II.,  dated  March  4,  1673,  his 
name  appears  as  one  of  the  first  burgesses, 
and  that  he  was  the  issuer  of  a  seventeenth- 
century  token  reading  "  George  Lambert 
of  Dundalk,  Marchant."  L.  L.  F. 


jjotes  on 

The  Ballads  of  Marko  Kraljevich.  Translated  by 
D.  H.  Low.  (Cambridge  University  Press. 
15s.  net.) 

THE  imagination  must  have  stiffened  quite 
unduly,  and  the  fighting  enthusiasms  of  boyhood 
have  been  overlaid  more  deeply  than  they  ever 
need  be,  in  the  reader  who  can  fail  to  be  ex- 
hilarated by  these  ballads  or  to  perceive  in  them 
that  special  thrill  or  touch  which  makes  the  last 
indescribable  secret  of  the  Iliad  and  the  Odyssey. 
Few  English  readers,  perhaps,  will  ever  come  to 
enjoy  the  full  charm  of  the  original  ;  nor  can  the 
transference  of  their  beauty  of  form  into  English 
be  reasonably  hoped  for.  Nevertheless,  what 
Mr.  Low  aptly  calls  their  "  stark  presentment  of 
Marko ,when,as  here,preserved,suffices  to  carry  over 


i2ax.A™n.22,i922.j      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


319 


their  spirit  into  a  foreign  language  ;  the  brevity 
of  the  narrative  keeps  all  the  outlines  clear, 
and  the  wildness  and  strangeness  of  the  incidents 
speak  for  themselves.  When  Marko  is  going 
forth  on  his  war-horse  Sharatz  he  always  hangs 
a  wineskin  full  of  wine  at  the  saddle-bow  on  the 
left  hand,  and  on  the  right  hand  hangs  his  heavy 
mace,  that  the  saddle  may  not  slip  this  way  or 
that.  This  might  serve  as  a  symbol  of  the 
construction  of  the  ballads,  of  their  fine  balance — 
like  that  which  makes  the  strength  of  a  good  short 
story.  Mr.  Low's  translation  (which  is  in  prose, 
but  printed  line  by  line  from  the  original,  with  a 
plain  carefulness  in  the  choice  of  words  that 
keeps  these  from  obtruding  either  by  excess  or 
defect),  does  absolute  justice  to  the  construction, 
and  thereby  retains  the  most  possible  of  the 
vigour  of  the  original.  It  is  curious,  to  our 
mind,  that  having  so  truly  seen  Marko  and  the 
world  Marko  moves  in  he  shoxild  compare  him — 
this  king's  son  with  his  half-savage,  half-knightly 
princeliness — to  Robin  Hood.  No  two,  in  the  way 
of  fighters,  could  be  further  apart.  Marko  belongs 
to  an  older,  vyilder  world,  of  an  ethos  far  unlike 
that  of  medieval  England.  It  is  curious  to 
reflect  that  the  historic  Marko — who  reigned  in 
Prilep  from  1371  to  1304,  and  whose  "brother" 
was  Milosh  Obilitch,  the  slayer  of  Amurath  after 
Kossovo — actually  lived  some  two  centuries  after 
the  date  of  Robin  Hood.  He  is  nearer,  indeed,  to 
the  Iliad  and  the  Odyssey,  and  even  to  the  older 
strata  of  these,  as  Sharatz,  his  great  piebald 
wonder-horse,  who  cries  out  to  his  master  in 
man's  language  in  moments  of  peril,  is  kin  to  the 
horses  of  Achilles.  Sharatz  alone  is  enough  to 
make  these  ballads  entrancing.  The  savagery  in 
them  exceeds  that  of  Homer ;  it  is  deepened  by 
the  strange  Slav  insistence  on  dismemberment. 
On  the  other  hand,  as  Mr.  Low  points  out  in  this 
discussion  of  the  character  of  Marko,  faithfulness, 
justice,  generosity,  the  recognition  of  an  equal 
or  superior  foe,  and  gentleness  towards  the  weak 
— with  a  rough  humour  besides — temper  and 
steady  his  ferocity.  The  other  characters  are 
in  reality  not  less  noteworthy :  Marko 's  old 
mother — who  did  an  heroic  deed  as  a  girl,  and 
whom  her  son  obeys  and  loves  to  the  end — is  a 
reverend  figure  full  of  grace  ;  all  the  appearances 
of  women  have  great,  though  sometimes  sinister, 
charm  ;  the  supernatural  or  fantastic  beings  have 
that  clearness  of  outline  and  a  certain  moderate- 
ness which  distinguish  them  in  a  classic  or  true 
folk-tale  from  their  imitations  in  pseudo-fairy-tales. 
After  allowing  oneself  to  read  and  absorb 
these  ballads  in  the  spirit  in  which  they  were 
originally  sung  and  heard,  one  must  turn  to  the 
literary  and  historical  side  of  the  question. 
Interest  in  Serbian  folk-poetry  began  nearly  a 
century  and  a  half  ago,  and  about  its  inception 
are  found  the  great  names  of  Grimm,  of  Herder, 
and  of  Goethe  himself.  The  ballads — of  which 
the  Marko  ballads  form  one  group — were  first 
systematically  collected  by  Vuk  Karadzich, 
whose  own  story,  which  may  be  read  here  in 
outline,  is  itself  of  no  little  interest.  In  1825 
appeared  a  translation  of  them  into  German  by 
Friiulein  von  Jacob  (Talvj),  a  sort  of  offering  to 
the  aged  Goethe,  who  encouraged  her  in  the 
enterprise.  Goethe  himself  had  been  attracted 
to  Serbian  folk-literature  through  Italian  trans- 


lations, and  the  fruit  of  that  attraction  remains 
in  his  '  Klaggesang  von  der  edlen  Frauen  des 
Asan  Aga.'  In  France,  from  the  end  of  the 
eighteenth  century  onwards,  attention  had  been 
bestowed  on  this  subject,  which  culminates 
in  the  *  Poesies  populaires  serbes '  of  Auguste 
Dozon. 

If  read  first  purely  for  enjoyment  as  a  boy 
would  read  them — as  they  certainly  should  be — 
and  then  for  their  literary  and  poetical  quality 
and  for  their  characterization,  these  ballads 
will  be  read  again  and  again  for  the  countless 
curious  matters  they  contain.  It  is  much  to  be 
hoped  that  the  other  cycles  will  ere  long  be  given 
to  us  in  some  such  form  as  this. 

S.P.E.  Tract  No.  VII.  English  Influence  on  the 
French  Vocabulary.  By  Paul  Barbier.  Tract 
No.  VIII.  What  is  P»re  French?  By 
Matthew  Barnes.  (Oxford,  the  Clarendon 
Press.) 

T.  E  Editor  of  the  S.P.E.  Tracts  has  no  difficulty 
in  justifying  the  inclusion  of  Prof.  Barbier's  paper 
among  these  ;  and  we  agree  with  him  in  regarding 
it  as  a  peculiarly  valuable  contribution.  English 
influence  on  French,  which  till  the  seventeenth 
century  had  been  nil,  becomes  perceptible  after 
the  lively  interest  of  Frenchmen  in  the  marriage  of 
Henrietta  Maria ;  but  is  hardly  worth  noticing 
till  the  revocation  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes,  wh<*n  the 
Huguenot  refugees,  in  their  enthusiasm  for  English 
institutions,  began  to  make  English  words  also 
familiar  to  their  fellow-countrymen.  The  first 
groups  of  words  are  political,  and  the  majority 
of  them  find  their  use  only  in  direct  reference  to 
England.  Thus  "  rump  "  occurs  in  the  translation 
of  Clarendon,  which  was  published  in  the  first 
decade  of  the  eighteenth  century ;  but  Prof. 
Barbier  has  noticed  that  a  translation  and  adapta- 
tion of  it,  chanibre  irronpion,  appears  in  recent 
journalism.  The  influence  of  English  on  the  French 
religious  vocabulary  was,  we  are  told,  considerable 
at  the  end  of  the  seventeenth  century,  but  has 
not  yet  been  fully  worked  out.  The  instances 
supplied  h<re,  however,  indicate  the  truth  of  the 
statement.  Words  relating  to  food,  drink,  d^ess 
and  games  open  up  many  amusing  problems — for 
example,  that  of  the  origin  of  jrac  and  cTiale. 
Cli'biste  was  accepted  by  the  Acadomy  in  1798, 
as  were  also  confidents  I  and  insignifiant.  Finance, 
commerce  and  weights  and  measures  are  repre- 
sented by  some  seventy  words  ;  and  English  naval 
terms  by  about  thirty.  An  interesting  word 
accepted  by  the  Academy  in  1835  (when  reps, 
calicot,  colonisation,  continental,  decoiirageant  and 
inddlicat  were  also  accepted)  is  banquise,  which 
Hatzfeld  and  Darmesteter  curiously  derive  from 
F.  bane  and  E.  ice.  Dada — a  favourite  project  OP 
favourite  subject — appears  first  in  1776  in  Fi-enais's 
translation  of  '  Tristram  Shandy  '  as  the  rendering 
of  Sterne's  "  hobby  horse."  Inconsistance — the 
equivalent  of  our  "  inconsistency  " — was  accepted 
by  the  Academy  only  in  1878,  at  which  date  in- 
justifiable,  inddniable  and  providentiel  were  also  let 
through.  The  earliest  words  of  English  provenance 
noted  here  as  thus  officially  adopted  into  the 
French  language  are  moraliste,  post-script  urn  and 
sensorium.  The  form  re"publicismc,  which  was 
used  in  the  period  of  the  first  French  B  'volution, 
gave  way  later  to  the  English  form  re'p«blicanisme, 
which  is.  however,  found  as  early  as  J  750.  On 


320 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [12  S.X.APBH, 44,1922. 


sentimental  we  have  an  entertaining  note  by  Sterne's 
translator.  "  Le  mot  anglois  sentimental  n'a  pu  se 
rendre  en  franQois  par  aucune  expression  qui  put 
y  r^pondre,  et  on  J'a  laisfc£  subsister."  In  oppressij 
we  have  a  French  word  which  had  died  out  after  the 
fifteenth  century  and  was  brought  back  at  the  end 
of  the  eighteenth  through  the  English  use  of 
"  oppressive  "  in  connexion  with  government  and 
taxation. 

Tract  VIII.  is  a  rather  slight  resume" of  Remy  de 
Goncourt's  '  Esthetique  de  la  langue  franchise.'  De 
Goncourt  recognizes  three  classes  of  words:  de  form- 
ation populaire :  deformation  savante ;  mots  Grangers. 
The  two  latter  classes  tend  to  be  but  slightly,  or  not 
at  all,  assimilated,  and  their  existence  constitutes 
a  main  problem  to  be  solved.  Mr.  Barnes  criti- 
cizes effectively  de  Goncourt's  mistakes  and  extra- 
vagances, and  drives  home  bis  good  suggestions. 

Primitive  Speech.  Part  I.  A  Study  in  African 
Phonetics.  By  W.  A.  Crabtree.  (S.P.C.K. 
5s.) 

MB.  Crabtree  tells  us  that  this  study  is  based  on 
work  begun  thirty  years  ago,  at  a  time,  that  is, 
when  the  white  man  had  hardly  penetrated  into  the 
interior  of  Africa,  and  when  the  study  of  African 
languages  had  advanced  little  beyond  Swahili. 
Although,  in  the  interval,  much  has  been  accom- 
plished, the  great  desideratum  yet  remains — 
the  establishment  on  a  dominant  tongue  of  a 
vocabulary,  grammar  and  phonetic  theory 
which  would  serve  as  a  key  to  the  countless 
allied  tongues  and  dialects  of  the  continent, 
and  also  as  a  means  of  discriminating  both  between 
these  and  native  languages  which  are  outside  the 
family,  and  between  archaic  and  modern  types 
of  speech.  Mr.  Crabtree  believes  that  Bantu 
can  be  made  so  to  serve.  For  this  he  makes  out 
a  good  case,  based  on  its  primitive  character, 
its  wide  extension,  its  frequent  permeation  of 
non-Bantu  languages,  and  its  (not  improbable) 
kinship  with  languages  apparently  unrelated. 

The  first  business  is  to  master  the  primitive 
system  of  African  phonetics,  to  realize  its 
dependence  on  physiology,  discover  the  values 
of  intonation,  of  vowel-changes  and  consonant 
changes  and  of  sounds  peculiar  to  the  language, 
and  trace  out  the  natural  scheme  of  rhythm.  Mr. 
Crabtree  performs  these  and  the  other  like  tasks 
with  great  minuteness  and  care,  and  makes  his 
exposition  the  more  enlightening  by  suggested 
comparison  between  this  early  scheme  of  articu- 
late sounds  and  that  of  better-known  tongues, 
especially  Hebrew.  This  is  an  original  contri- 
bution in  a  field  of  work  where  a  good  deal  has 
been  done  but  much  more  remains  to  do,  and 
should  receive  the  attention  of  all  students  of 
African  tongues,  whether  their  interest  is  practical 
or  theoretic. 

Report  on  the  MSS.  of  the  late  Allan  George  Finch, 
Esq.,  of  Burley-on-the-Hill,  Rutland.  Vol.  ii. 
(H.M.  Stationery  Office.  10s.  net.) 
WE  have  received  the  second  volume  of  this 
valuable  series  of  papers.  The  chief  figures  are 
now  Sir  Heneage  Finch,  first  Earl  of  Nottingham  ; 
his  eldest  son,  Daniel ;  and  his  brother,  Sir  John 
Finch.  The  period  covered  is  that  from  June, 
1670,  to  December,  1690.  Among  the  letters 
of  public  interest  are  the  correspondence  between 
Nottingham  and  the  Admirals  of  the  Fleet,  which 


throws  much  light  on  the  state  of  the  Navy,  and 
two  or  three  intercepted  letters  to  France  revealing 
the  condition  of  Ireland  and  the  progress  of 
military  operations  in  the  autumn  of  1690.  Inter- 
cepted letters  from  Jacobite  ladies  in  France 
use  a  system  of  cipher-names  for  which  a  key  on 
a  scrap  of  paper  in  Nottingham's  handwriting 
furnished  the  solution.  An  intercepted  letter 
from  William  Hendrix  to  Paris  gives  a  number  of 
stories  about  James  II.  and  William  III.,  which — 
though  obviously  "  propaganda " — are  rather 
interesting. 

Some  of  the  domestic  letters  will  be  found  charm- 
ing, and  yet  more  attractive  are  the  various  papers 
concerning  the  travels  of  Sir  John  Finch  and  his 
inseparable  friend,  Sir  Thomas  Baines,  in  Italy  and 
Turkey.  There  they  pursued  philosophical  in- 
quiries in  many  directions  and  conversed  with 
savants  and  Roman  ecclesiastics  and  other  remark- 
able personages.  Mrs.  S.  C.  Lomas,  who  has 
edited  this  Report  and  compiled  the  index  (a  most 
satisfactory  one  so  far  as  we  have  tested  it),  pro- 
vides a  readable  Introduction,  which  gives  a  good 
idea  of  the  contents  of  the  volume. 

The  Battle  of  Brunanburh.     By  J.  B.  McGovern, 

(Manchester,  Sherratt  and  Hughes.) 
IN  1861,  at  1  S.  ix.  249.  Dr.  John  Thurnam  of 
Devizes  discussed  in  our  colums  the  unsolved, 
and  insoluble,  problem  of  the  site  of  the  Battle  of 
Brunanburh.  In  view  of  new  theories  which  have 
arisen  since  that  day  our  correspondent,  Mr. 
J.  B.  McGovern — in  a  paper  contributed  to  the 
Transactions  of  the  Lancashire  and  Cheshire 
Antiquarian  Society — has  gone  through  the 
evidence  once  more,  and  has  examined  the  princi- 
pal claims,  based  upon  different  interpretations 
of  it,  which  local  antiquaries  have  put  forward. 
Saxifield  near  the  Lancashire  Brun  ;  Burnswork 
Hill  in  Dumfriesshire ;  Bromborough  on  the 
Mersey ;  and  Bourne  in  Lincolnshire  are  the  four 
which  make  the  basis  of  his  paper,  to  which  he 
adds  a  discussion  of  the  identity  of  the  Battles 
of  Brunanburh  and  Viniheith  in  the  light  of 
recent  conjecture  on  the  question.  The  claims 
being  set  out,  Mr.  McGovern  proceeds  to  estimate 
their  respective  merits,  and  Dr.  Neilson's  plea  for 
Dumfriesshire  commands  his,  naturally  doubtful, 
adhesion,  as  the  nearest  approach  to  a  demonstra- 
tion where,  on  the  evidence,  real  demonstration 
can  hardly  be.  The  problem,  as  such,  re- 
mains a  fascinating  one,  a  ad  the  present  position 
in  regard  to  it  is  usefully  and  vivaciously  outlined 
in  these  pages. 


J?ottce£  to 


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321 


LONDON.  APRIL  29,  1922. 


CONTENTS.— No.   211. 

NOTES  :  Some  Mid- Victorian  Coteries.  321— Some  Changes 
in  Fleet  Street.  323 — Inscriptions  at  St.  Peter's,  Bedford 
325— Sir  John  Lade — Apprentices  to  and  from  Overseas  — 
British  Settlers  in  America — Tichbornes  of  Hartley  Mauditt 
327. 

QUERIES:  The  Crossed  Keys  at  York— Ann  Harrison- 
Wheeler  Family  of  Laverton,  Glos.— "  Seize  quartiers ' 
wanted— Anna  Sewell.  328 — Roche  Sanadoire— F.  W.  H. 
Myers  :  Date  of  Birth — Villiers  Family — Charles  D.  Gordon 
— Acting  Engineer — The  Three- volume  Novel,  its  Rise  and 
Decline— Oscar  Wilde's  '  Salome '—"  Probability  is  the 
guide  of  life,"  329 — "The  Labbut  "— "  Dapp's  Hill" — 
"  Foregate,  Strand" — Oldest  Half-penny  Evening  News- 
paper— Barnard  of  Worksop,  Schoolmaster — Swinford — 
Shooter's  Hill  :  Projected  Military  Cemetery — Sweeney 
Todd,  the  Demon  Barber  of  Fleet  Street — Turner — The 
Rev.  Joseph  E.  Stee,  330 — Bacon — G.  D.  Baldwin — "  Be- 
spoke Bootmaking,"  331. 

REPLIES  :  Exhibitions  of  Automata  in  London,  331— Early 
Victorian  Literature,  332— Mothering  Sunday.  334— '  The 
Fly-fisher's  Entomology  '—The  Width  of  Cbeapside,  335— 
The  Loss  of  H.M.S.  Tiger— Murders  in  Italy— Sprusen's 
Island,  336— Ledbury,  Hereford — James  Atkinson,  M.D.— 
"  Standards  "—General  Nicholson's  Birthplace.  337— 
Lieut. -Col.  C.  M.  Edwards  — The  English  "h":  Celtic. 
Latin  and  German  Influences—  Wainwright's  Poem  on  his 
Murder  of  Harriet  Lane — Burr-walnut — Early  Fire-engines. 
338— Pedwardine  Family — Frances- Calderon  de  la  Barca — 
Author  wanted,  339. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS:  'Translations  of  Eastern  Poetry 
and  Prose  ' — '  Social  Life  in  the  Days  of  Piers  Plowman  ' — 
'  Paracelsus  '—The  Quarterly  Review. 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


Jgote*. 

SOME  MID-VICTORIAN  COTERIES. 

IN  the  course  of  a  long  life,  it  has  been  my 
lot  to  join  some  small  coteries  of  men  called 
together  by  a  common  purpose  and  .ceasing 
to  exist  as  the  call  became  faint,  without 
leaving  much  trace  behind  them.  Lest  they 
should  be  wholly  forgotten,  I  have  put 
together  some  notes  of  my  recollections  of 
them. 

I  premise  that  I  was  born  in  Cornhill,  on 
April  10,  1839,  within  the  sound  of  Bow  Bells 
— therefore  a  veritable  Cockney — and  sent 
to  the  school  of  Mr.  William  Pinches,  in  Ball 
Alley,  George  Yard,  Lombard  Street,  where 
I  had  among  my  schoolfellows  John  Henry 
Brodribb,  who  in  after  life  became  famous 
as  Sir  Henry  Irving.  George  Yard  was 
then  the  yard  of  the  George  and  Vulture  Inn, 
the  scene  of  Mr.  Pickwick's  arrest.  I  was 
delighted  to  read  in  the  Reminiscences  of 
Sir  Edward  Clarke  (who  came  to  the  school 
shortly  after  I  had  left  it)  a  warm  apprecia- 
tion of  our  good  schoolmaster. 


When  I  left  school  and  got  employment 
in  an  insurance  office,  the  custom  of  making 
Saturday  a  half-holiday  was  beginning  to 
prevail.  This  led  to  the  formation  of 
Saturday  dining  clubs.  I  joined  one  which 
ambitiously  called  itself  the  Athenian  Club, 
and  was  ca.tered  for  by  the  proprietor  of  a 
private  hotel  at  the  bottom  of  Norfolk 
Street,  overlooking  the  Thames.  Among 
its  members  were  John  Ryder  (who  belonged 
to  Macready's  company)  and  other  actors, 
Harrison  Weir,  the  animal-painter,  and  other 
notable  men.  We  had  a  room  in  the  hotel 
which  was  open  to  us  during  the  rest  of  the 
week,  but  after  some  time  the  proprietor 
of  the  hotel  found  that  the  tenancy  of  the 
Club  did  not  bring  him  in  all  the  revenue  he 
wished  and  gave  notice  to  terminate  it. 
The  Club  died  out  and  most  of  its  member  s 
joined  the  Arundel  Club,  which  was  in  pro- 
cess of  formation  and  had  acquired  a  lease  of 
a  fine  house  at  the  bottom  of  Salisbury  Street. 
That  Club  became,  and  continued  for 
many  years,  a  delightful  resort.  W.  H. 
Wills,  the  dramatist,  lived  there  for  some 
time,  and  its  attractions  are  described  in  his 
Life  by  his  brother,  the  Rev.  Freeman  Wills. 
Among  its  members  were  Charles  Russell, 
who  became  Lord  Chief  Justice  of  England  ; 
Frank  Lockwood,  who  became  Lord  Justice 
of  Appeal ;  W.  S.  Gilbert,  Joseph  Knight, 
J.  Anderson  Rose,  George  Rose  ("  Arthur 
Sketchley  ")  and  a  host  of  others.  Many 
actors  (some  of  them  eminent  ones)  were 
members.  The  time  to  see  the  Club  in  its 
glory  was  after  the  theatres  were  over  on  a 
first  night,  when  critics  and  playgoers  and 
actors  would  meet  and  discussion  would  be 
general.  An  Englishman's  club  was  then 
his  castle.  No  Legislature  had  ventured 
to  prescribe  how  long  he  should  stay  in  it, 
or  what  time  he  should  leave  it  for  his  other 
home  and  go  to  bed.  The  lease  of  the 
Salisbury  Street  house  expired  and  the  Club 
moved  to  the  corner  house  at  the  east  end 
of  Adelphi  Terrace.  That  again  was  re- 
quisitioned after  some  years,  and  the  Club 
dissolved.  Some  of  its  members  kept  up 
the  habit  of  dining  together  in  memory  of 
past  times. 

A  Saturday  dining  society  was  founded  in 
November,  1871,  the  special  purpose  of 
which  was  to  test  the  faculty  of  the  old  inns 
of  London  to  cater  for  the  wants  of  its 
members.  It  began  with  the  Tabard  in 
Southwark,  in  memory  of  Chaucer  ;  it  tried 
in  turn  the  Cheshire  Cheese  in  Fleet  Street, 
the  inns  of  Bishopsgate,  the  Old  Bell  in 


322 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [12  s.  x.  APRIL  29, 1922. 


Holborn,  Simpson's  in  Drury  Lane,  Simp- 
son's in  Cheapside,  Simpson's  in  the  Strand, 
the  Half  Moon  in  the  Borough,  and  all  other 
old  inns  which  were  available.  It  claimed 
as  its  title  "  The  August  Society  of  the 
Wanderers "  and  adopted  as  its  motto 
Pransuri  vagamur  (We  wander  about  to 
dine).  Sir  Henry  L.  Anderson,  who  was  one 
of  the  Secretaries  of  the  India  Office  and 
had  brought  from  India  a  high  reputation 
as  a  promoter  of  education,  was  the  President. 
The  fiction  that  the  members  formed  a 
Cabinet  was  adopted  and  to  each  was  assigned 
a  high  office  of  State.  This  sort  of  innocent 
masquerade  commends  itself  frequently 
to  the  members  of  similar  clubs,  but  it  is  a 
kind  of  fun  that  soon  loses  its  freshness. 
Like  the  more  famous  Beefsteak  Club,  the 
Wanderers  had  a  poet  among  them,  and  a 
privately  printed  volume  exists  which  con- 
tains a  selection  of  his  verses,  as  they  were 
from  time  to  time  recited  at  the  dinners.  Of 
these  also  the  humour  quickly  evaporates, 
and  it  is  no  disparagement  to  the  bright 
talent  of  the  late  Dr.  J.  S.  La  vies  that  I  do 
not  find  in  the  volume  anything  that  would 
be  intelligible  without  a  commentary.  After 
some  years  the  tale  of  old  inns  was  told,  and 
the  Club  found  a  permanent  home  at 
Simpson's  in  the  Strand. 

I  pass  to  the  dining  clubs  which  are  con- 
nected with  learned  Societies  and  which 
for  the  most  part  are  held  on  the  days 
appointed  for  Council  meetings  or  for  the 
general  meetings  of  the  Society.  In  cases 
where  both  meetings  are  on  the  same  day, 
they  fill  up  the  interval  between.  In  the 
Statistical  Society,  which  I  first  joined  in 
1857,  the  Club  dinner  preceded  the  evening 
meeting,  but  when  later  on  the  hour  for 
meeting  was  fixed  for  the  afternoon,  the 
dinner  followed  it.  Their  Club  is  a  select 
one,  but  the  President  or  Vice -President 
of  the  Society  takes  the  chair,  and  the 
author  of  the  paper  for  the  evening  is  the 
Club's  guest.  It  forms  thus  a  very  good 
type  of  the  club  which  is  part  of  the  Society's 
machinery  for  carrying  out  its  work. 

I  had  the  honour  to  be  elected  a  Fellow 
of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  in  1860 
and  found  the  Clubs  formed  by  its 
Fellows  were  of  a  different  type.  The 
older  of  the  two  existing  at  that  time  was 
called  the  Society  of  Citizens  of  Novio 
magus,  and  was  formed  by  two  distinguished 
Fellows  who  had  different  views  as  to  the 
situation  of  that  mysterious  Roman  station. 
They  said  to  each  other,  "  Let  us  have  a 


Club  to  discuss  this,  and  let  the  Club  dis- 
solve when  the  city  is  found."  This  Club 
was  limited  to  15  members.  When  I  was 
first  introduced  to  it  Samuel  Carter  Hall 
was  the  President  or  "  Lord  High."  When 
I  afterwards  joined  it,  Sir  Benjamin  Ward 
Richardson  held  that  office.  He  printed 
for  private  circulation  a  little  romance  of 
his  own,  describing  a  visit  by  Caesar  to  the 
Club,  and  sketching  its  history.  He  was 
succeeded  by  Sir  Wyke  Bayliss,  whose 
successor  was  Dr.  J.  S.  Phene\  Dr.  Phene 
held  that  he  had  discovered  what  was 
beyond  contradiction  the  real  site  of  Novio- 
magus,  and  that  it  was  his  duty  therefore 
to  dissolve  the  Club,  which  he  did  by  an 
advertisement  in  The  Athenceum.  The 
other  club  was  founded  in  1852  by  seven 
members,  Mr.  John  Bruce,  Mr.  Frederic 
Ouvry  (afterwards  President  of  the  Society), 
Mr.  William  John  Thorns  (founder  of  *N. 
&  Q.'),  Mr.  Peter  Cunningham,  Mr.  T.  W.  King 
(York  Herald),  Mr.  William  Durrant  Cooper, 
and  Mr.  (afterwards  Sir)  William  R.  Drake, 
all  of  them  notable  antiquaries.  It  was 
called  the  Cocked  Hat  Club  out  of  respect  to 
the  dignity  of  the  President  of  the  Society, 
who  used  to  wear  a  cocked  hat  on  solemn 
occasions,  such  as  the  admission  of  a  Fellow. 
The  Club  to  this  day  rejoices  in  the  posses- 
sion of  the  actual  cocked  hat  worn  by  Martin 
Folkes,  the  Society's  first  President  under  its 
charter.  A  history  of  the  Club's  first  fifty 
years  and  a  roll  of  its  members  was  printed 
for  private  circulation  in  1902.  A  third  club 
has  been  formed  under  the  title  of  the  "  S.A. 
Club,"  of  which  I  am  not  a  member.  Before 
I  had  joined  either  of  the  other  clubs,  three 
or  four  Fellows  of  the  Society  used  to  meet 
at  Giraud's  Restaurant  on  their  way  to 
Somerset  House. 

In  1863  I  became  a  student-at-law  and 
joined  two  of  the  debating  societies  open  to 
me  as  such.  They  were  the  "  Social  "  and 
the  "  Templars."  Shortly  after,  the  Anthro- 
pological Society  was  founded,  and  I 
became  a  member.  The  Club  formed  to 
fill  up  the  interval  between  Council  meetings 
at  4  o'clock  and  evening  meetings  at  8 
was  called  the  Cannibal  Club,  out  of  respect 
for  those  savage  races  which  it  would  be 
the  main  business  of  the  Society  to  study. 
One  of  the  most  interesting  of  its  members 
was  Algernon  Charles  Swinburne,  and  his 
connexion  with  the  Club  is  the  subject  of  a 
delightful  article  by  Mr.  Edmund  Gosse  in 
a  volume  of  Literary  Essays  recently 
published  by  him.  I  need  only  add  to  what 


12 S.X.APRIL 29, 1922.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


323 


he  says  in  it  that  I  recollect  being  present    complete,    and    might    be    brightened    with 

when,   Swinburne,   who    was   a  warm  sup-    some  reminiscences  of   good  things  said  and 

porter  of  the  claim  of  Italy  to  independence,    done,  if  I  had  not  had  before  my  mind  the 

read,   to  the  delight    of  the   Club,   a  poem    warning  of  the  Beefsteaks  : — 

which  he  had  just  then  written  upon  the 

subject.     After  the  amalgamation  with  the 

Ethnological     Society,     when     the     united 

Societies  became  the  Anthropological  Insti- 1 

tute,   the  Cannibal     Club  ceased  to   meet,  j 

but  on  the  return  of  Sir  Richard  Burton  to 

England  I  made   an  unsuccessful  attempt 


Ne  fldos  inter  amicos  sit 
Qui  dicta  foras  eliminat. 

E.  BRABROOK. 


SOME    CHANGES    IN    FLEET 
STREET. 

to  revive  it.  We  had  one  dinner  together  RECENT  demolitions  having  effaced  some 
and  no  more  The  interval  between  the  buildings  of  more  than  ordinary  interest, 
Council  and  the  evening  meetings  has  for  i  theip  {  deserves  chronicling  in  these 

some  years  been  filled  up  by  a  dinner.  j  pageg)  and  it  may  be  as  well  to  place  on 

When  I  joined  the  London  and  Middlesex  |  record  familiar  allusions  and  some  descrip- 
Archseological  Society  in   1865  they  had  a  ;  tjon  of  their  appearance, 
club    which    occasionally  met    for    dinners  \      No      189>    Fieet    street.     This    building, 
and    took    country    week-end    excursions.  |  having  three  floors  and  ground  floor  slightly 
After  some  years  it  ceased  to  meet.  |  raise(i    above    street    level    and    basemerrt 

The  Royal  Society  of  Literature  had  no  ;  lighted  from  a  rail-guarded  area,  was  built 
club  till  after  the  death  of  Sir  Patrick  j  m  1802  from  the  designs  of  Sir  John  Soane. 
Colquhoun,  the  President,  in  1891.  One  |  Consequently  it  had  fluted  pilasters  rising 
was  then  started  and  called  the  Colquhoun  |  to  a  cornice  dividing  the  second  and  third 
Club  out  of  respect  for  his  memory.  Of ;  floors.  These  and  the  flattened  screen 
this  club,  the  first  president  was  Dr.  Taylor,  surmounting  the  top  were  characteristic  of 
Master  of  St.  John's  College,  Cambridge,  i  this  architect  and  appear  in  drawings  and 
and  the  latest  president,  Sir  Henry  NewboJt.  photographs  so  numerous  that  to  give  detail 
Under  the  guidance  of  the  late  Dr.  Ames,  here  is  almost  superfluous.  The  house 
who  was  Secretary  of  the  Society  and  of  the  replaced  a  much  earlier  building,  to  which 
Club,  it  had  great  success.  He  made  the  famous  Mrs.  Salmon  brought  her  Wax- 


hospitality  a  leading  characteristic  of  it  ; 
at  nearly  every  meeting  of  the  Club  one 
or  more  distinguished  visitors  accepted 


works  Show  from  St.  Martin's-le-Grand  very 
early  in  the  eighteenth  century.  The  exact 
date  is  not  known,  but  there  is  the  familiar 


the  invitation  to  attend,  and  opportunity  j  allusion  to  her  in  The  Spectator  dated  April 
was  given  to  them  to  address  the  Club  on    mi.     it  is   known  that   prior  to   the   re- 


the  subjects  which  most  interested  them. 

In  1872  I  attended  the  Brighton  meeting 
of  the  British  Association,  was  .elected 
on  the  General  Committee  and  became  a 
Red  Lion  cub.  What  that  means  is  well 
described  by  Sir  William  Tilden  in  his 
Life  of  Sir  William  Ramsay,  and  by  Mr. 
Leonard  Huxley  in  his  article  in  The  Corn- 
hill  Magazine  for  March,  1922. 

Other  coteries  which  should  be  mentioned 
were  the  Reunion  Club  in  Maiden  Lane, 
Strand,  and  the  Urban  Club  at  St.  John's 
Gate,  Clerkenwell,  both  of  them  resort^  of 
men  of  various  professions  but  of  high 
capacity  and  bright  social  qualifications. 
There  were  resorts  of  a  humbler  kind,  such 


building  she  removed  to  No.  17.  The  old 
building,  while  in  use  for  this  exhibition, 
is  illustrated  in  a  plate  published  by  N. 
Smith,  June  26,  1793.  In  this  it  will  be 
noticed  that  the  rebuilding  of  No.  188,  the 
house  on  the  left  or  westward  side,  has 
caused  a  subsidence  of  the  first  and  second 
floors.  The  sign  of  the  "  salmon  "  above  the 
shop  door  is  very  noticeable.  The  rebuilt 
No.  189  was  occupied  by  Praed's  Bank ; 
William  Praed  of  Truro  opening  the  bank 
here  soon  after  the  rebuilding.  Ultimately 
this  was  absorbed  by  Messrs.  Lloyds,  but  the 
old  fittings  and  cash  bowls  remained,  and 
were  there  in  the  present  century  (vide 
'Historic  Homes  of  the  Linotype,'  1913, 


as  Bubble's ;  the  "  Coach  and  Horses  "  oppo-  j  p.  32).  The  late  Mr.  F.  G.  Hilton-Price 
site  Somerset  House,  where  supper  could  be  ('  The  Signs  of  Old  Fleet  Street,'  p.  370) 
had ;  and  Stone's  Coffee-room  in  Panton  says  Messrs.  Praed  built  the  recently 
Street,  where  one  was  sure  of  good  com- !  existing  house,  "  and  have  recently  vacated 
panv.  This  list  of  mid-Victorian  attrac-  it  "  (1895).  My  suggestion  is  that  the  re- 


tions  might  be  made  much  longer  and  more   building  was  made  necessary  by  the  unsafe 


324  NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


O,  1022. 


condition  of  the  old  premises,  and  that  j  No.  138  calls  for  notice  because  of  a 
Messrs.  Praed  did  not  come  into  occupation  marked  change  of  owners  and  occupiers. 
until  a  later  date.  It  was  in  1896  that  the  I  Now  an  extension  of  the  office  of  a  daily 
Machinery  Trust,  Ltd.,  removed  here  from  newspaper,  it  was  from  1826  in  the  occupa- 
Serjeant's  Inn,  and  at  a  later  date  sub-let  tion  of  Messrs.  Troughton  and  Simms. 
the  ground  floor  to  the  London  City  and  i  Edward  Troughton  came  into  Fleet  Street 
Midland  Bank.  in  1770,  and  was  working  here  —  the  founder 

No.  190,  Fleet  Street,  is  less  interesting,  of  the  famous  firm  —  while  Johnson  was  at 
but  its  demolition  apparently  involved  No.  7,  Johnson's  Court.  Its  passing  is 
Soane's  adjoining  structure,  and  some  of  regretted  because  this  firm  were  the  last,  and 
his  stonework  or  pilasters  fell  or  had  to  be  ;  worthy,  representatives  of  the  several  Fleet 
taken  down.  Of  quite  plain  exterior,  this  Street  scientific  opticians  that  were  famous 
four-floor  brick  erection  was  built  apparently  in  the  seventeenth  and  eighteenth  centuries. 
in  the  nineteenth  century,  replacing  the  i  Troughton'  s  sextants  were  long  in  almost 
building  partly  shown  in  N.  Smith's  illus-  j  exclusive  use  ;  his  precision  of  method  gave 
tration  of  No.  189.  Prior  to  the  street-  a  world-wide  reputation  to  his  instruments. 
numbering  period  there  are  many  identi-  Of  the  man  and  his  scientific  honours  much 
fications  that  could  be  attributed  to  this  or  might  be  written.  He  is  recorded  in  the 
near-by  sites,  but  nothing  definite  seems  '  D.N.B.,'  and  the  late  Miss  Agnes  Clerke 
to  be  available.  has  provided  a  biographical  sketch  of  some 

No.  188—  a  pretentious  building  of  ornate  interest  (vide  '  Fleet  Street  in  Seven 
appearance  —  is  illustrated  and  described  in  Centuries,'  p.  463). 

The  Illustrated  London  News  for  Jan.  27,  Nos.  72  to  81.  The  whole  of  this  coii- 
1866.  It  had  just  been  completed  from  the  '  siderable  area  has  been  cleared  to  provide 
designs  of  Mr.  T.  N.  Dearie  for  the  Crown  a  site  for  the  temporary  office  of  The  Daily 
Insurance  Co.,  who  had  to  remove  from  Chronicle  and  the  re-alignment  of  their 
No.  33,  New  Bridge  Street.  Here  they  !  former  building.  Future  historians  may 
remained  until  1892,  wThen  the  company  care  to  identify  this  as  extending  from  Crown 
was  amalgamated  with  the  Law  Union  and  j  Court  to  Salisbury  Court.  What  was 
Rock  Insurance  Co.  This  same  building  perhaps  the  most  interesting  site  —  No.  79  — 
had  long  association  with  the  publishing  was  long  associated  with  T.  C.  Noble  and 
house  of  Sampson  Low,  Marston,  and  Co.,  i  his  father,  Theophilus  Noble;  the  son  as 
of  whom  the  late  Mr.  E.  E.  Marston  has  so  an  industrious  writer  and  author  of  the 
frequently  discoursed.  The  last  insurance  familiar  '  Memorials  of  Temple  Bar,'  con- 
company  to  be  here  was  the  Star  Life,  tinued  for  many  years  the  bookselling  busi- 
located  in  1892.  In  1896  it  was  possessed  ness  established  by  his  father,  who  was  a 
and  partly  occupied  by  the  Linotype  neighbour  of  Douglas  Jerrold,  in  life  when 
Co.,  who  have  only  recently  vacated  the  |  the  latter  edited  Lloyd's  News,  and  in  death 
premises,  leaving  the  record  previously  when  they  were  both  buried  at  Norwood 
named  and  many  pleasant  interests  in  i  Cemetery.  No.  76  afforded  a  back  entrance 
their  locations.  from  Fleet  Street  to  Samuel  Richardson's 

Nos.  64  and  63.  The  Bolt-in-Tun  parcels  printing  office  in  Salisbury  Square.  In  view 
office  near  the  corner  of  Bouverie  Street  !  of  its  convenience  it  is  probable  that  he  and 
has  been  cleared,  and  on  the  neighbouring  his  assistant,  Oliver  Goldsmith,  frequently 
site  of  No.  63  a  building  has  been  erected  for  made  use  of  it,  to  the  lasting  glory  of  its 
The  Scotsman.  Thus  there-  has  been  lost  site. 

the  memory  of  an  old  coaching  house,  for  Nos.  121  and  122,  nearly  opposite,  between 
although  the  spacious  yard  from  which  the  ,  Shoe  Lane  and  Racquet  Court,  is  the  site  of 
coaches  had  started  was  long  ago  lost,  there  ;  this  building  long  offered  for  sale  by  the 
remained  the  coach  office  and  the  gateway,  j  trustees  of  the  local  parish  estates.  The 
The  name  is  a  punning  rebus  upon  that  of  '  fact  that  this  was  in  their  possession  seems 
Prior  Bolton,  last  Abbot  of  St.  Bartholo-  to  identify  it  as  the  pre  -Reformat!  on  endow  - 
mew  the  Great.  It  is  fruitless  to  record  the  ment  of  a  lay  brotherhood  of  St.  Bride's 
many  periodicals  that  had  their  birth  and  Church.  Of  this  comparatively  small  site 
more  or  less  existence  in  the  offices  of  this  much  could  be  written,  even  its  remains 
and  the  next  building  (No.  63),  now  also  carry  an  interesting  suggestion,  for  the 
demolished,  but  the  weekly  journal  Black  wooden  beam  remaining  presumably  in 
and  White  had  quite  a  lengthy  tenure  of  it.  situ  has,  above  the  door,  some  early 


1-S.X.  APRIL  29,  1922.]  NOTES     AND     QUERIES. 


325 


seventeenth-century  carving  of  a  vine  with 


instituted,  and  from  that  time  the  services 


bunches  of  grapes,  indicating  that  this  had    were  conducted  at   St.   Mary's  only.     The 
been  a  vintner's.  north    aisle    of    St.  Peter's  had  become  so 

ALECK  ABRAHAMS.        ruinous   that   had   it   not   soon   afterwards 
been  demolished  it  would  have  fallen  down 


MONUMENTAL       INSCRIPTIONS       IN 
>  CHURCHES,    CHAI 
BURIAL-GROUNDS. 
ST.  PETER  DE  MERTON. 
re   six   churches   in   Bedford   con- 
taining    burial-grounds,     viz., 


of  its  own  accord. 

The  parapet   of  the  old  Bedford  bridge 

BEDFORD  CHURCHES,    CHAPELS        was  rebuilt  with  part  of  the  materials  from 
AND    BURIAL-GROUNDS.  I  this  church.     It  is  said  to  have  been     de- 

molished in   1545,  but  this  date,  I  think, 
cannot  be  correct,  as  the  Lincoln  Diocesan 
|  Registry  Book  records  that  "  Adam  Martin 
|  was    inst  on  15  Julv    1561  to  St.  Peter  de 
(the  parish  church),   gt.   Peter  de  Merton    Dunst  ale  b     the  Bishop;>  and  it  is  stated 

!*'  n^l!  V  '          y  y  i  to   be   vacant   through  resignation.     From 

bt.Outnbert  s.  .*."•_*  this   it   appears   the   church   was   standing 

Previous  to  the  mid-sixteenth  century  16  rg  ggj  itg  demolition  is  said  to  hav| 
there  were  two  churches  in  this  town  dedi-  ^  lace  N  fewer  than  five  lates 
cated  in  the  name  of  St  Peter.  The  other  had  oc^  ied  the  gee  of  Lincom  sili^  John 
St.  Peter  was  called  St.  Peter  de  Dunstaple,  ToncyiflnfPs  Hpafi1  in  1*4.7  ^7  TipTirv 
and  it  stood  on  the  south  side  of  theriver,  S^t  Jot  Taylor,  John Wl^ThSSS 
quite  near,  and  opposite  to,  St.  Mary's  ;  Watgon  a'nd  Nicjlas  Bullingham  in  that 

£   \T6    ?reSQ       °Pen  A^ound    n,°.w  ,  calle(J    short  space  of  time. 
St.  Mary  s     Square.     A  few  particulars  of  ;  .     _ 

this  building  and  its  associations  are  worth  i      Several  years  ago    in  laying  down  some 
recording  gas-pipes  part  of    the  foundations   of  the 

Before  1400  it  was  a  separate  parish,  but  \  old  church  were  laid  open  ;  they  extended 
was  afterwards  annexed  to  St.  Mary's,  the  i  £arther  mto  the  r«ad  than  the  present 
two  churches  being  only  a  few  yards  apart.  !  [oot  pavement.  The  churchyard  must 
The  services  were  conducted  in  each  church  I  have  extended  over  a  Considerable  portion 


on    alternate    weeks    and    the    books    and 


of 


occupied  by  houses,  as  is 

ornaments  removed  from  one  church  to  the  i  P^oved  by  ^e  quantity  of  human  bones 
other  every  Saturday.  This  weekly  re.  thrown  up  whenever  digging  operations  take 
moval  and  the  expense  of  maintaining  two  Place  a  few  feet  below  the  surface  of  the 
buildings  in  repair  continually  occasioned  ground- 

contention  amongst  the  parishioners.  John  ,  We  turn  now  to  St.  Peter  de  Merton. 
Maigott  was  the  incumbent  at  this  time  ;  This  church  has  been  known  as  St.  Peter 
he  was  inducted  by  the  Bishop  of  Lincoln  Merton,  St.  Peter  in  Campis,  St.  Peter 
(John  Longland)  in  January  ,  1538,  but,  !  M'teyn,  St.  Peter's  Martyn,  St.  Peter  Martin 
owing  to  the  unpleasant  circumstances  which  and  St.  Peter's. 

arose,  he  was  induced  to  resign  the  living  in  From  the  twelfth  to  the  sixteenth  centuries 
1544,  after  he  had  held  it  nearly  seven  years,  the  title  St.  Peter  de  Merton  was  continu- 
However  anxious  the  parishioners  were  to  ously  in  use,  as  is  clearly  shown  by  the  re- 


get  rid  of  him,  after  his  departure  they 
began  very  quickly  to  regret  his  loss  and 
made  application  to  the  Bishop  of  Lincoln 


cords  of  Newnham  Priory  and  by  the  docu- 
ments of  the  "  Church  Estate."  St.  Peter's 
in  the  Fields  occurs  in  1334  ;  while  on  the 


that  he  would  use  his  influence  to  induce  chalice  of  1684  and  in  all  registers  from 
him  to  return,  and  they  describe  their  late  1572  to  1857  the  title  is  St.  Peter  Martin 
minister  as  a  godly  and  charitable  man.  or  its  variations.  After  this  it  becomes 
The  Bishop  held  a  consultation  with  Maigott  i  simply  St.  Peter,  and  only  quite  recently 
and  he  consented  to  return,. but  his  Lordship  •  has  the  earlier  name  "  de  Merton  "  been 
told  the  parishioners  that  to  avoid  all  restored.  Though  St.  Peter's  was  '  the 
future  disagreements,  as  they  were  all  of  one  j  dedication,  the  historical  association  of 
parish,  they  should  be  content  with  one  i  "  Merton  "  makes  it  very  desirable  to  re- 
church  ;  he  also  expressed  a  desire  that  tain  this  title.  The  name  came  from  Merton 
they  should  take  down  St.  Peter's  and  with  j  Priory  in  Surrey,  founded  about  1092  and 
the  materials  beautify  and  enlarge  St.  |  demolished  in  1904.  The  Prior  and  Convent 
Mary's.  i  of  this  place  were  patrons  of  this  living 

On  April    17,    1545,   Maigott   was   again  !  till  the  dissolution  of  the  monasteries. 


326 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [i2S.x. 


Portions  of  this  building  are  very  old, 
especially  the  tower,  which  shows  some 
Saxon  work,  i.e.,  triangular  headed  E.  door- 
way in  belfry  ;  externally,  long  and  short 
work;  an  arch  under  the  tower,  round- 
headed  windows  in  upper  part  of  tower  now 
blocked.  The  Danes  in  one  of  their  maraud- 
ing expeditions  attempted  to  burn  it  in 
1010,  and  the  effect  of  that  fire  can  be  traced 
in  the  cracked  and  calcined  stones.  The 
other  portions  of  the  church  were  doubtless 
destroyed. 

The  discovery  of  the  foundations  of  an 
apse  suggests  that  the  Normans  afterwards 
rebuilt  the  church  with  round-headed  win- 
dows ;  or  it  may  have  lain  waste  until  the 
thirteenth   century,  when   it   was   restored 
in    the    Early    English    style.     When    the 
apse  was  built,  and  when  removed,  no  one 
knows,  but  the  triple  lancet  window  was 
removed  by  Dr.  Hunt.       From    the    thir- 
teenth century  onwards  few  alterations  can  j 
be  traced  except  that   at   some  unknown  i 
later  date  the   old  features  of  interest   were  j 
blocked  up  and  the  walls  disfigured  with  i 
thick    plaster     and    whitewash.     In     1827 
the  removal  of  the  bell  turret  and  the  erec- 
tion of  the  present  semi-Norman  parapet 
took  place. 

The  north  aisle  was  added  and  the  nave 
lengthened  in  1846,  and  in  1851  the  south 
aisle  was  commenced,  during  the  incum- 
bency of  the  Rev.  G.  A.  Burnaby.  When 
the  Rev.  W.  Hart-Smith  became  rector  the 
thick  plaster  was  removed  from  the  walls 
and  many  hitherto  unknown  features  of 
interest  revealed.  The  Norman  archway 
over  the  south  entrance  was  brought  from 
the  church  of  St.  Peter  de  Dunstaple.  The 
fine  west  window  was  erected  by  the  Town 
and  County  of  Bedford  in  memory  of  Colonel 
Frederick  Burnaby,  born  in  St.  Peter's  old 
Rectory,  wTho  fell  at  Abu  Klea,  Jan.  17, 
1885.  He  was  the  son  of  the  Rev.  Gus- 
tavus  Burnaby,  M.A.,  rector  1835-1860.  ! 
The  present  rector,  the  Rev.  J.  E.  Gilbert, 
M.A.,has  very  kindly  allowed  me  access  to 
the  registers,  and  I  have  thus  been  enabled 
to  supply  many  of  the  missing  dates  on 
several  of  the  partly  obliterated  inscrip- 
tions. 

BEDFORD,  ST.  PETER. 
.      Visited  May  20th,   1918. 

Commencing  at  west  end  and  working  round 
north  side.  This  churchyard  is  kept  in  beautiful 
order. 

1.  On  a  m.u.s.  ;  w.f.e.  2J  yds.  past  w.  wall  of 
churchyard  and  near  a  small  boxtree.  Gillies  (sic) 
Henry  Sharpe.  son  of  George  Henry  Sharpe,  Esq.,  I 


and  Caroline  his  wife,  born  March  19th,  1831,  de- 
parted March  26th,  1832. 

2.  l|ft.  s.e.  from  1,  on  a  m.u.s.  ;  w.f.s.     To  the 
memory  of  John  E.  Badcliffe,  who  died  July  22nd, 
1840,  aged  6  years  9  months. 

"  But  Jesus  called  them  unto  him,  and  said, 
Suffer  little  children  to  come  unto  me,  and  forbid 
them  not ;  for  of  such  is  the  kingdom  of  God." 

3.  3ins.  e.  from  2  on  a  m.u.s.  ;  w.f.s.     In  memory 
of    Lamley    Grummett,*    who    died  January  30, 
179(0  ?),  aged  83  years. 

"  Hark  .  .  .  A  .  .  ." 

4.  1ft.  n.  from  3  on  a  m.u.s.  ;  w.f.e.     In  memory 
of  Sarah  Platts,   who   departed  this  life  on  the 
llth  of  April,  1848. 

"  Here  lies  what  once  in  beauty's  bloom 

Was  every  eye's  delight, 
But  now  the  tenant  of  a  tomb 

Its  form  would  shock  our  sight ; 
The  soul  that  breathed  within  the  clod 

Fled  in  the  pride  of  youth  ; 
Learn  hence  betimes  to  seek  thy  God 

And  choose  the  way  of  truth." 

5.  Gins.  n.  from  4  on  a  s.u.s.  ;  w.f.e.  .  .  .  ory  of 
.  .  .  e    of    William  .  .  .  eparted ;     all    the    rest 
perished. 

6.  5ins.    n.  from     5     on    a    m.u.s.  ;    w.f.e.     In 
memory  of  James  Osborn,  who  departed  this  life 
April  the  14th,  1845,  aged  60  years  ;  and  of  Ann 
Osborn,  wife  of  the  above,  who  died  June  1st,  1846, 
aged  62  years.     Also  of  four  grand-children  who 
died  in  infancy. 

7.  If  yd.  w.  from  6  on  a  s.  ;  w.f.e.  and  w.     In 
memory  of  Helen,  the  wife  of  James  Sadler,  who 
departed  this  life  on  the  20th  of  June,  1838,  aged 
80    years.     In    memory    of    Grace,    daughter    of 
James   and   Helen  Sadler,   who   died   July    15th, 
1803,  aged  9  years.     Also   of    James  Sadler  who 
died  in  June   1823,  aged  60  years.     The  remains 
of  the  above  are  deposited  in  Howard  Chapel  Yard. 

8.  lyd.  n.  from  7  on  a  m.u.s.  ;  w.f.e.     Sacred  to 
the  memory  of  Thomas  Carver,  who  died  April  the 
27th,    1809,    aged   51    years.     Also    of    Elizabeth 
his  wife,   who   died  August  the  19th,  1809,   aged 
(4  ?)9  years. 

9.  lyd.  n.  from  8  on  a  m.u.s. ;  w.f.e.     To  the 
memory  of  Abraham  Carver,  who  died  Septr.  5th , 
1818,  in  the  32nd  year  of  his  age. 

I'O.  2|ft.  n.  from  9  on  a  s.u.s.  ;  w.f.e.  In 
memory  of  Elizabeth,  wife  of  William  Apthorpe, 
who  died  Novr.  23rd,  1851,  aged  84  years. 

11.  2£ft.  s.e.  from  10  on  a  long  ob.  slab  ;  w.f.e. 
In  affectionate  remembrance  of  Mr.  James  William 
Willets,  late  of  London,  who  departed  this  life  on 
the  19  of  August,  1850,  aged  57  years. 

"  Before  I  was  afflicted  I  went  astray  but  now 

have  I  kept  thy  word." 

"  Thou  in  faithfulness  hast  afflicted  me." 

Also  of  Celia  (sic)  Willets,  wife  of  the  above,  who 

departed  this  life  January  23rd,  1879,  in  the  79th 

year  of  her  age.     Win. 

12.  1  Jft.  n.  from  6  on  a  m.u.s.  ;  w.f.e.     Sacred 
to  the  memory  of  John,  the  son  of  Thomas  and 
Elizth.  Brandam,  born  September  1st,  1813,  died 
August  8th,   1834. 

"  Seek  ye  the  Lord  while  he  may  be  found,  call 
ye  upon  him  while  he  is  near." — Isaiah  lv«  6. 


*1790,  Feby.  3,  Limbey  Grummett. 

[Limbey  Grummit  was  churchwarden  in  1777.1 


i2S.x.ApBu.2o,io22.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


327 


13.  2ft.   n.  from  12  on  a  m.u.s.  ;  w.f.e.      Here 
lieth  the  body  of    Elizabeth   Islip   Carver,  born 
October  13th,  1788,  died  October  13th,  1832. 

"  Go,  sinner,  tread  the  path  which  Jesus  trod, 
Nor  miss  the  way  through  him  to  Christ  with 
God." 

14.  2ft.  n.e.  from   13  on  a  m.u.  and  broad  s.  ; 
w.f.e.     Sacred  to  the  memory  of  Ann,  the  beloved 
and     affectionate   wife    of    Mr.    Thomas    Wesley 
Turnley,   who   died   December   7th,    1844,  in  the 
i'5th  year  of  her  age. 

15.  2£ft.  n.e.  from  14  on  a  m.u.s.  ;  w.f.e.  Sacred 
to    the  memory  of    Margaret,   wife  of    the  late 
Capt.  George  Simpson  of  Burlington,  Yorkshire, 
who  departed  this  life  November  the  fourth,  1835, 
in  the  forty -fourth  year  of  her  age. 

16.  2ft.  n.e.  from   15  on  a  square  altar  tomb, 
s.  Sacred  to  the  memory  of  Alexander  Sharman,* 

Esq.,  who  died  on  the  9th  of  January,  18. .,  aged 
50  years  ;  also  of  Alexander,  eldest  son  of  Alex- 
ander Sharman  and  Irene  his  wife,  who  died  on 
the  27th  of  December,  1853,  aged  2(4  ?)  years. 

e.  To  the  memory  of  Irene,  the  beloved  wife  of 
Alexander  Sharman,  of  this  parish,  and  daughter  | 
of  Nathaniel  Pearce,  late  of  Chapel  Brampton, 
Northamptonshire,  Esquire.  She  died  on  the 
5th  February,  1838,  aged  39  years,  in  the  well- 
assured  hope  of  eternal  life  through  Jesus  Christ. 

n.  To  the  memory  of  Charles  James, t  son  of 
^Uexander  and  Irene  Sharman,  who  died  on  the 
1st  of  July,  1837,  aged  5  months,  and  of  Alfred, 
another  son,  who  died  on  the  4th  March,  1838, 
aged  5  months. 

"  Here  lie  the  sweetest  buds  of  hope 
That      re  to  mortal  wish  were  given ; 
But  would  you  know  their  happier  state, 
Repent  and  seek  the  flowers  in  heaven." 
w.  Blank. 

L.  H.  CHAMBERS. 
(To  be  continued.) 


SIR  JOHN  LADE  (see  11  S.  x.  269,  316, 
357,  394,  472  ;  xi.  32;  xii.  35).— At  11  S.  x. 
316,  I  stated  that  there  were  paragraphs 
in  contemporary  newspapers  that  seemed 
to  show  that  the  marriage  of  Sir  John  and 
Lady  Lade  took  place  in  the  year  1787. 
According  to  '  The  Jockey  Club,'  by  Charles 
Pigott,  it  took  place  shortly  after  the  return 
to  England  of  Frederick  Augustus,  Duke 
of  York  (who  was  her  "protector"  pre- 
viously), which  occurred  on  Aug.  1  of  this 
year.  The  registers  of  St.  George's,  Hanover 
*Square,  show  that  Sir  John  Lade  and 
Letitia  Darby  were  married  by  licence  on 
Sept.  7,  1787  (Harleian  Soc.  Publications, 
Reg.,  vol.  xi.,  p.  407). 

HORACE  BLEACKLEY. 

*  1 853.  Alexander  Sharman,  St.  Peter's,  Jany.  15 ; 
50  years.  Henry  Le  Mesurier,  off.  Min. 

[He  was  Mayor  of  Bedford  in  1846,  also  solicitor 
to  the  Bedford  and  Leicester  Railway.] 

t  1836.  Charles  James  Sharman,  St.  Mary's, 
Bedford,  July  3rd  ;  infant.  G.  A.  Burnaby,  Rector. 


APPRENTICES  TO  AND  FROM  OVERSEAS 
(see  ante,  pp.  29,  69,  106,  248). — 

Jno.  Merefield,  son  of  William  Merefield  of 
Cockborne,  Somerset,  apprenticed  to  James 
Turner  of  Pensilvania,  Mercht.,  19  Feby.  1723/4. 
Consideration  £25.  (Inl.  1/48-37). 

William  Smith,  son  of  Joseph  Smith  of  Virginia, 
Mercht.,  apprenticed  to  Jno.  Hampton,  Citizen 
and  Mariner,  13  Feb.  1722/3.  Consideration  £21. 
(Inl.  1/9-18.) 

GERALD    FOTHERGILL. 

1 1,  Brussels  Road,  St.  John's  Hill,  S.W.ll. 

BRITISH  SETTLERS  IN  AMERICA  (see  ante, 
pp.  178,  256).- — William  Mauduit  of  Bladens- 
burgh,  Maryland,  admon.  to  William  Mau- 
duit, the  son.  (P.C.C.,  September,  1786.) 

Ansley,  son  of  Thomas  Banister,  gent., 
Merchant,  of  Boston  in  New  England, 
bapt.  July  1,  1715,  at  Banbury  Parish 
Church. 

Mr.  John  Banister,  Merchant,  of  New 
England,  buried  June  25,  1714,  at  Banbury. 

Son  William  Bull,  now  in  America, 
mentioned  in  the  will  of  Elizabeth  Bull  of 
Kettering.  (Arch.  Northampton,  1817.) 

Elihu}jYale  of  Plas  Gronow,  Denbigh,  Esq. 

Born  in  America,  in  Europe  bred, 

In  Africa  travell'd,  in  Asia  wed, 

Where  long  he  liv'd  and  thriv'd  ;  at  London 
dead, 

Much  good,  some  ill  he  did.  r-i 

Buried  at  Wrexham,  July  22,  1729. 

('  Monumental  Inscriptions,'  Wrexham.) 
GERALD  FOTHERGILL. 

11,  Brussels  Road,  St.  John's  Hill,  S.W.ll. 

TlCHBORNES      OF      HARTLEY      MAUDITT. 

Nicholas  Tichborne  of  Hartley  Mauditt, 
near  Alton,  Hants,  who  died  in  Winchester 
gaol  after  nine  years'  imprisonment  in 
1589,  was  a  younger  son  of  Henry  Tichborne 
of  Owslebury,  who  was  a  younger  brother 
of  Nicholas  Tichborne,  the  grandfather 
of  Sir  Benjamin  Tichborne,  the  first  baronet. 
Nicholas  Tichborne  of  Hartley  Mauditt 
was  brother  of  Peter  Tichborne  of  Porchester, 
and  uncle  of  Chideock  Tichborne,  one  of 
the  Babington  conspirators,  who  was  exe- 
cuted in  1586  (see  '  Victoria  Hist,  of  Hants,' 
ii.  84).  Whom  did  this  Nicholas  Tich- 
borne marry  ? 

Two  of  his  sons  were  Catholic  martyrs. 
Nicholas,  probably  the  elder,  was  a  recusant 
at  large  in  1592,  but  in  1597  he  was  arrested 
and  examined.  The  next  year,  however, 
he  was  again  at  large,  and  with  the  assistance 
of  his  friend,  Thomas  Hackshot  of  Mursley, 
Bucks,  rescued  his  brother  Thomas.  For 
this  N.  Tichborne  and  T.  Hackshot  suffered 
at  Tyburn,  Aug.  24,  1601.  The  above- 


328 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [12  s.x.  APRIL  29, 1922. 


mentioned  Thomas  Tichborne  was  born  at  | 
Hartley  Mauditt  about  1567,  and  educated; 
at    the    English    Colleges    at    Rheinis    andj 
Rome  (1584-94),  and,  having  been  ordained  I 
a  priest,   ministered   to    the    Catholics     of 
Hampshire.     After   his   rescue   in    1598,  he 
was  betrayed  by  an  apostate,  and  suffered 
at  Tyburn,  April  20,  1602.      "He  steadily  i 
promoted  the  cause  of  peace  in  the  various  ! 
disturbances    at     Rome     and    in    England  j 
which   preceded   the   establishment    of   the 
Archpriest  "    (see    'The  Venerable  Martyrs  j 
of    England  '     and    the    authorities    there  \ 
cited).  ARTIGLIERE  MALEDETTO. 


©uerteg. 

WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries 
in  order  that  answers  may  be  sent  to  them  direct. 


THE   CROSSED   KEYS   AT  YORK. — T  read 
that  the  Dean  and  Chapter  of  York  have 
presented    to    the    Minster    choristers    cap- 
badges  representing  "  the  crossed  keys,  one 
gold  and  the  other  silver,  surmounted  by  a 
royal  crown  proper  worked  in  gold."     Since 
when   has   one   of  the   York   keys   become  \ 
silver  ?     Since    when    have    the    Dean    and  | 
Chapter  blazoned  the  crown  ? 

ST.  SWITHIN. 

Miss  ANN  HARRISON. — I  shall  be  glad  if 
somebody  can  tell  me  in  what  year  the  | 
portrait  of  this  lady,  at  one  time  head 
mistress  of  the  Friends'  Girls'  School,  York, 
was  hung  in  the  New  Gallery,  Regent 
Street,  and  who  was  the  painter  of  it  ? 

ST.  S WITHIN. 

WHEELER  FAMILY  OF  LAVERTON,  GLOS. — 
The  pedigree  of  Wheeler,   alias  Fowke,    of 
Laverton,   Glos.,  is  given  in  the  Visitation 
of   Gloucester,    1682/3,    edited   by   Fenwick 
and    Metcalfe.     Apparently    they    had    no 
arms,  but  were  included  presumably  because 
of    their    official    position,    Henry    Wheeler ! 
(d.    1681)    having   an   appointment   in   the  | 
Cursitor's  Office  in  Chancery  Lane,   as  his; 
father    Thomas   had    before    him.     ( 1 )    Are 
there     any     records     of     appointments     or  | 
nominations   to  the  Cursitor's   Office  ?     (2)  I 
The  pedigree  states  the  family  was  descended  j 
from    Garvard's    Court,    Co.    -     — .     Where  • 
is  this   place  ?     (3)   Has   any   reader,    with  I 
access   to   the   Gloucester  wills,   transcripts  j 
or  summaries  of  the  wills  of  the  following  ! 
members    of    this    familv  which   he    could  i 


lend    me  ? — Win.     Fowke     (1561)  ;      Agnes 
Wheeler,  als.  F.  (1566);    James  F.  (1572); 
Thomas    W.,    als.    F.  (1611)  ;     Richard   W., 
als.  F.  (1612)  ;   Richard  W.,  ate.  F.  (1627). 
E.  ST.  JOHN  BROOKS. 
Greenbank,  Weybridge. 

"  SEIZE        QTJARTIERS  "      WANTED. Will 

someone  who  has  access  to  the  British 
Museum  be  kind  enough  to  give  me  the 
seize  quartiers,  or  as  nearly  complete  seize 
quartiers  as  possible,  of  the  following  : — 

1.  Maria     Teresa,      of     Cybo-Malaspina. 
Duchess  of  Massa  and   Carrara  (1725-1790), 
who  married  Ercole  III.   d'Este,   Duke  of 
Modena.     This  should   be    found  in  Litta's 
'  Famiglie  celebri.' 

2.  Charles  Thomas,  Prince  of  Lowenstein- 
Wertheim-Rosenberg    (1783-1849),    and   his 
wife,  Sophia  Louisa,  Countess  of  Windisch- 
graetz  (1784-1848).     His  father  was  Dominic 
Christian  (died  1814).     They  were  ancestors 
of  the  Queen  of  the  Belgians. 

3.  Napoleon.     I  have  not  seen  Colonna 
de  Cesari  Rocca's  '  La  verite  sur  les  Bona- 
partes   avant   Napoleon '    (Paris,     1899)    or 
Colle's    '  Genealogia    della    famiglia    Bona- 
parte '  (Florence,  1898). 

MAHLON  K.  SCHNACKE. 
781,  Portland  A. venue,  St.  Paul,  Minn.,  U.S.A. 

ANNA  SEWELL. — I  take  the  liberty  of 
writing  to  ask  if  any  reader  could  give  me  a 
biographical  sketch  of  Miss  Anna  Sewell,  the 
author  of  '  Black  Beauty,'  a  book  that  has 
done  more  for  the  cause  of  animal  protection 
than  any  other  book  ever  written.  '  Black 
Beauty  '  is  well  known  here  in  the  United 
States,  having  been  read  by  millions  of 
people,  but  unfortunately  few,  if  any,  know 
anything  of  the  life  and  history  of  its  author. 
Many  do  not  even  know  that  she  was  an 
Englishwoman,  and  I  doubt  if  any  ever  saw 
in  print  a  portrait  and  biographical  sketch 
of  the  distinguished  authoress  who  has  done 
such  a  great  work  in  bringing  about  the 
humane  treatment  of  animals— particularly 
horses.  GEORGE  FOSTER  HOWELL. 

New  York. 

[Anna  Sewell  (1820-1878)  was  the  elder  child 
and  only  daughter  of  Isaac  and  Mary  Sewell. 
Mary  Sewell,  who  in  her  youth  and  early  woman- 
hood belonged  to  the  Society  of  Friends,  was  the 
author  of  the  ballad  '  Mother's  Last  Words,'  men- 
tion of  which  has  recently  cropped  up  in  our 
columns,  and  also  of  many  other  popular  verses  and 
some  stories.  Anna  was  born  at  Yarmouth,  but  the 
family  moved  soon  after  to  London  and  thence, 
in  1835,  to  Brighton,  where  they  lived  for  ten 
years.  Next — for  several  years — they  lived  in 
country  places  in  Sussex,  and  about  1858  went  to 


x.APBn,  29, 1922.1        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


329 


Wick,  near  Bath  and  Bristol,  where  they  stayed 
for  nine  years.  In  1867  they  returned  to  Norfolk, 
settling  at  Old  Catton,  near  Norwich,  where  Anna 
died  in  April,  1878.  The  life  of  Anna  Sewell 
contains  few  outward  events  but  these  migrations 
and  the  writing  and  publication  of  her  book 
'  Black  Beauty.'  In  her  early  childhood  she 
sprained  both  her  ankles  so  severely  that  she 
remained  permanently  an  invalid,  her  crippled 
state  made  her  dependent  on  carriage  exercise, 
and  she  became  extraordinarily  skilful  in  driving, 
managing  her  horse  largely  by  talking  to  it.  She 
was  highly  gifted  in  many  ways,  and  her  mother's 
most  trusted  critic.  In  conversation  together  the 
two  always  used  the  Quaker  "thee."  Like  her 
mother,  Anna  was  deeply  religious  according  to  the 
mid- Victorian  Evangelical  school  of  piety.  Isaac 
and  Mary  Sewell  had  something  of  a  struggle  in 
tjieir  early  married  days,  Isaac  having  been  unsuc- 
cessful in  business.  Their  circumstances  were  eased 
when  he  was  appointed  manager  of  the  London 
and  County  Joint  Stock  Bank  at  Brighton.  Mrs. 
Sewell's  Life  and  Letters  by  Mrs.  Bayly  were 
published  in  1889  (Xisbet),  and  the  book  con- 
tains a  portrait  of  Anna.] 

ROCHE  SANADOIRE. — In  Baedeker's 
'  Southern  France '  it  is  stated  that  the 
summit  was  once  the  hold  of  a  body  of 
English  adventurers  dislodged  in  1386. 
Louis  Brehier,  in  '  L'Auvergne,'  mentions 
"  Fescalade  de  la  Roche -Sanadoire  par  le 
due  de  Bourbon  en  1385,"  and  states  that 
"  il  a  fourni  a  Froissart  un  de  ses  recits  les 
plus  pittoresques."  Where  can  I  find  an 
account  of  this  event  ?  I  cannot  find  any 
reference  to  it  in  Froissart.  C.  S.  C. 

F.  W.  H.  MYERS  :  DATE  OF  BIRTH. — In 
A.  H.  Miles's  '  Poets  and  Poetry  of  the  Nine- 
teenth Century,'  vii.  61  (the  volume  called 
'  Robert  Bridges  and  Contemporary  Poets,' 
1906),  it  is  said  that  F.  W.  H.  Myers  was 
born  on  Feb.  6,  1843.  Sir  Oliver  Lodge,  in 
his  book  '  Christopher  '  (1918,  p.  108),  gives 
a  transcript  of  the  tablet  in  Keswick  Church, 
which  says,  "  Born  at  Keswick,  February 
8th,  1843."  Which  is  right  ? 

L.  R.  M.  STRACHAN. 

Birmingham  University. 

VILLIERS  FAMILY. — The  eleventh  Earl 
of  Westmorland  married  Jane  (his  second 
wife),  daughter  of  Dr.  R.  H.  Saunders. 
They  had  three  children.  Montague  Villiers 
\vasA their  youngest  son. 

I  should  be  obliged  for  information  as  to 
whether  Montague  Villiers  married,  and, 
if  so,  whom  ? — whether  he  had  any  children, 
if  so,  their  names  ? — and  whom  those 
(eventual)  children  eventually  married  ? 

Research  at  Somerset  House  and  the 
British  Museum  Library  without  result, 

ELIZA  GARDNKR. 


CHARLES  D.  GORDON. — In  1907  Charles 
D.  Gordon  translated  Fritz  Mauthner's 
'  Aristotle  '  for  Heinemann.  Was  this  the 
Rev.  Charles  Dickens  Gordon,  once  private 
secretary  to  Lord  Milner  ?  The  publishers 
cannot  now  identify  him. 

J.  M.  BTJLLOCH. 

37,  Bedford  Square,  W.C.I. 

ACTING  ENGINEER. — This  designation  is 
frequently  applied  to  individuals  taking 
part  in  various  expeditions  and  wars  in 
North  America  and  elsewhere  in  the  latter 
part  of  the  eighteenth  century. 

They  do  not  appear  to  have  been  on  the 
(Engineer)  Establishment,  and  were  often 
officers  belonging  to  various  Regiments  of 
Foot, 

How  were  they  appointed  or  paid  for 
their  services,  and  could  civilians  occupy 
the  position  ?  H.  A.  PITMAN. 

65,  Cambridge  Terrace,  Hyde  Park,  W.2. 

THE  THREE -VOLUME  NOVEL,  ITS  RISE 
AND  DECLINE. — Could  any  reader  tell  me 
where  I  can  find  any  information  on  this 
subject  ?  I  have  searched  many  literary 
histories  and  can  find  nothing  but  casual 
and  unhelpful  references. 

GEOFFREY  STEPHENS. 

Central  Public  Library,  Woolwich. 

OSCAR  WILDE'S  '  SALOME.' — Seeing  a 
query  by  Mr.  Stuart  Mason  has  prompted 
me  to  ask  him  if  he  be  correct  in  stating  in 
his  '  Bibliography  of  Oscar  Wilde  '  that  the 
1907  edition  of  '  Salome  '  bears  the  imprint 
"  Wm.  Clowes  and  Sons,  Ltd.,  Printers, 
London,"  at  the  foot  of  the  last  page  of 
text  ?  My  copy  has  no  such  imprint,  nor 
has  a  copy  sold  this  month  at  Messrs. 
Hodgson's.  W.  A.  HUTCHISON. 

"  PROBABILITY  is  THE  GUIDE  OF  LIFE." — 
Mr.  J.  H.  Freese,  in  notes  on  pp.  47-48  of 
his  translation  of  the  '  Octavius '  of 
Minucius  Felix  (S.P.C.K.),  writes  :— 

Arcesilas  (about  315-240  B.C.),  Greek  philo- 
sopher, founder  of  the  so-called  Middle  Academy 
...  is  said  to  have  taught  that  we  can  know 
nothing,  not  even  the  fact  that  we  know  nothing. 
Probability  is  the  utmost  that  can  be  attained, 
and  this  is  sufficient  as  a  practical  rule  of  life." 

Carneados  (214.-J.29  B.C.),  Greek  philosopher, 
founder  of  thfe  so-called  New  Academy.  Like 
Arcesilas,  he  denied  the  possibility  of  knowledge 
and  admitted  probability,  of  which  he  dis- 
tinguished three  degrees. 

Did  either  of  these  say  in  so  many  words 
that  probability  is  the  guide  or  rule  of  life, 
and,  if  so,  what  were  the  precise  words 


330 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [i2s.x.AnuL29. 1-2. 


used  ?  H.  K.  St.  J.  S.  has  kindly  informed 
me  that  Cicero  ('  Acad.  Prior,'  ii.,  c.  10,  s.  32) 
says  of  some  of  the  Sceptics  :— 

Volunt  .  .  .  probabile  allquid  esse  et  veri- 
simile,  eaque  se  uti  regula  et  in  agenda  vita  et 
in  quaerendo,  &c. 

Is  there  anything  to  this  effect  in  Sextus 
Empiricus  ('Adv.  Math.')? 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

"  THE  LABBUT." — A  narrow  alley  here 
with  a  few  old  cottages  in  it  is  called  "  The 
Labbut."  It  opens  at  one  end  into  the  main 
street  and  at  the  other  to  a  steep  field  on 
the  river-side.  What  is  the  explanation  of 
the  name  ?  M.  N.  O. 

Keynsham,  Somerset. 

"  DAPP'S  HILL." — Dapp  is  not,  apparently, 
a  Somerset  surname.  Might  it — in  the 
name  Dapp's  Hill — be  an  abbreviation  of 
dapifer  ?  There  is  a  very  old  house  on  the 
hill,  which  overlooks  the  mills  that  belonged 
to  Keynsham  Abbey,  the  site  of  which  is 
about  a  third  of  a  mile  away.  M.  N.  O. 

Keynsham,  Somerset. 

"  FOREGATE,  STRAND." — In  a  letter  dated 
Oct.  9,  1866,  Robert  Soutar,  writing  to 
George  Vinning,  dates  his  letter  from  this 
unfamiliar  place-name.  I  infer  it  was  part 
of  Clement's  Inn,  as  he  was  resident  there 
about  this  time,  but  shall  be  glad  of  some 
confirmation,  and  also  to  learn  if  the  name 
is  derived  from  Alderman  Pickett's  im- 
provement of  this  part  of  the  Strand,  and 
the  provision  of  a  large  gatehouse  or  entry 
to  Clement's  Inn. 

ALECK  ABRAHAMS. 

OLDEST  HALFPENNY  EVENING  NEWS- 
PAPER.— It  has  been  stated  that  The  Bolton 
Evening  News,  published  March  16,  1867, 
was  the  first  halfpenny  evening  paper. 
Does  anyone  know  of  an  earlier  one  ? 

ARCHIBALD  SPARKE. 

BARNARD  OF  WORKSOP,  SCHOOLMASTER. 
— Can  any  reader  give  me  information  about 
a  Mr.  Barnard  who  had  a  school  at  Worksop 
in  1668,  from  which  scholars  were  sent  to 
Cambridge  (vide  '  Admissions  to  St.  John's 
College  ')  ?  Or  perhaps  someone  will  kindly 
tell  me  to  whom  to  apply  at  Worksop,  or 
Nottingham,  for  this  information  ? 

H.  C.  B. 

SWINFORD. — Wanted,     information     con- 


SHOOTER'S  HILL  :  PROJECTED  MILITARY 
CEMETERY. — Bagshaw's  '  History,  Gazetteer, 
and  Directory  of  Kent'  (c.  1848),  states: — 

A  grand  Cemetery,  or  Mausoleum,  intended 
to  be  formed  on  Shooter's  Hill,  for  the  final 
resting-place  of  the  officers  of  the  Army  and 
Navy,  has  received  the  sanction  of  the  Com- 
mander-in-Ohief ,  the  Duke  of  Wellington.  The 
Mausoleum  is  to  be  erected  in  the  grounds  where 
the  Castle  known  as  Severndroog  now  rears  its 
head.  It  is  to  be  raised  on  terraces,  the  sub- 
struction of  which  will  afford  a  space  for  ten 
thousand  catacombs,  and  will  form  an  imposing 
object  when  viewed  from  the  river  Thames  and 
the  adjacent  country. 

What  is  known  of  this  project  and  its 
non-fulfilment  ?  Several  more  recent  works 
concerned  with  the  neighbourhood  contain 
no  mention  of  it.  W.  B.  H. 

SWEENEY  TODD,  THE  DEMON  BARBER 
OF  FLEET  STREET. — Can  any  contributor 
throw  any  light  upon  the  authenticity  of 
a  wine-cellar  in  Johnson's  Court,  Fleet 
Street,  which  is  styled  "  Johnson's  Wine 
House,"  late  "Sweeney  Todd."  which  is 
claimed  to  be  the  original  barber's  shop 
in  which  "  Sweeney  Todd"  carried  on  his 
infamous  trade.  A  portion  of  a  dilapidated 
chair  and '  an  intricate  mass  of  ironwork, 
said  to  be  portions  of  the  mechanism 
which  operated  the  fatal  chair,  are  suspended 
Upon  a  wall.  There  is  also  a  cellar  beneath 
in  which  are  some  stone  steps.  These  steps 
at  one  time  led  down  to  the  old  Fleet 
river,  but  the  passage  is  now  closed  up. 
Is  this  tradition  fact  or  fiction  ? 

FRANK  JAY. 

TURNER. — I  shall  esteem  particulars  of 
the  ancestry  and  descendants  of  the  follow- 
ing : — 

1.  William    Turner,     of    Marbury,     near 
Northwich,  Cheshire.     He  married  and  had 
a  son,  William  Turner,  born  1653,  died  1 701. 
Divine,    he  went    to    St.   Edmund's    Hall, 
Oxford,  B.A.   (M.A.,  1675),  and  took  Holy 
Orders.     In   1680  he  was  appointed  rector 
of     Walberton,     Sussex.     He     had     a    son 
William,  who  was  born  1693. 

2.  John    Turner,    minister,    of    Preston, 
Northwich     and    Knutsford.     He    married 
Hannah,  daughter  of  William  Chorley,  and 
had  a  son  William,  born  at  Preston,  Lan- 
cashire, 1714,  died  1794. 

JAMES  SETON-ANDERSON. 
39,  Carlisle  Road,  Hove. 

THE  REV.  JOSEPH  E.  STEE,  a  Wesleyan 


cerning  the  family  of  Swinford,  particularly   minister  born  at  Stanion,  March  13,   1799, 
the  birthplace  of  Edward  James  Swinford,    d.    at   Oundle,    June    12,    1847.     Names   of 


born  about  1830. 


R.  MATTHEWS.        his  parents  and  wife,  and  particulars  of  his 


13  S.X.AFKCL  29,1922.]  NOTES     AND    QUERIES. 


331 


^career  will  be  esteemed.  He  had  two  sons, 
•Joel,  d.  at  Louth,  Lines,  April,  1820,  and 
Titus,  cl.  at  Colne,  Lines.,  April,  1832. 

L.  H.  CHAMBERS. 
Bedford. 

BACON. — Charles  Bacon  and  John  Bacon 
-were  admitted  to  Westminster  School  on 
-July  1,  1772,  and  William  Bacon  on  Feb. 
4,  1772.  Any  information  about  these 
iBacons  is  desired.  G.  F.  R.  B. 

GEORGE  DIMSDALE  BALDWIN  was  ad- 
mitted to  Westminster  School  Jan.  13,  1823, 
aged  10.  I  should  be  glad  to  obtain  any 
information  about  his  parentage  and  career. 

G.  F.  R.  B. 

"  BESPOKE  BOOTMAKING." — -Perhaps  you 
can  tell  me  the  meaning  of  this  expression, 
which  I  find  in  a  single  display  line  over 
the  cut  of  a  low  shoe,  followed  by  the 
advertisement  of  Faulkner  and  Son  (I 
believe)  in  the  London  Times  of  March  17. 
I  had  thought  that  I  knew  the  meanings  of 
common  English  verbs  and  their  derivatives, 
but  evidently  I  do  not. 

C.  E.  HUTCHINGS. 

3667,  Shenandoah  Avenue,  Sto  Louis,  U.S.A. 

[This  is  a  not  uncommon  use.  The  *  N.E.D.' 
has  "  to  speak  for,  to  arrange  for  beforehand  ;  to 
order  (goods),"  with  quotations  from  1583  on- 
wards. The  sense  is  "made  to  order;  made  to 
•one's  measure.''] 


EXHIBITIONS    OF   AUTOMATA   IN 
LONDON. 

(12  S.  x.  269.) 

"WiNSTANLEY,  who  built  the  first  Eddy- 
stone  lighthouse,  established  "  The  Water 
Theatre,"  at  the  Hyde  Park  end  of 
Piccadilly,  about  1696.  One  of  the  attrac- 
tions was  the  "  Wonderful  Barrel,"  which 
"  will  entertain  the  spectators  with  several 
sorts  of  liquids,  hot  and  cold,  suitable  to  the 
season,  and  without  mixture."  In  1713  it 
was  announced  that  there  would  be  "  six 
sorts  of  wine  and  brandy  coming  out  of  the 
famous  barrel,"  which  a  year  later  was 
converted  into 

a  Dairy  House,  entertaining  the  Boxes  and  Pit 
with  curds,  several  sorts  of  creams,  milk,  wheye, 
-cakes,  cheese-cakes,  sullibubs,  new  butter,  butter- 
milk, which  a  woman  will  be  seen  to  churn. 

A  somewhat  similar  machine  was  exhibited 
-at  the  Black  Horse  Inn,  in  Hosier  Lane,  near 
West  Smithfield,  in  1710.  It.  was  called 


a  "  New  Mathematical  Fountain  "  and  Was 
described  as  being 

a  tavern,  a  coffee-house,  and  a  brandy-shop, 
which  at  command  runs  at  one  cock  hot  and  cold 
liquor,  as  sack,  white  wine,  claret,  coffee,  tea, 
!  content,  plain,  cherry  and  raspberry  Brandy, 
Geneva,  Usquebaugh  and  Punch. 

Mechanical  "  motions  "  were  exhibited  in 
London  and  elsewhere  during  the  earlier 
decades  of  the  eighteenth  century  by  Christo- 
pher Pinchbeck,  the  Fleet  Street  clock- 
maker  ;  Jacob  Morian,  a  German  ;  Pinketh- 
man,  the  actor ;  Fawkes,  the  conjurer ; 
and,  a  little  later,  by  John  Pinchbeck  and 
most  of  the  itinerant  showmen  who  attended 
the  numerous  fairs. 

In  1717  a  "Moving  Skeleton,"  that 
smoked  a  pipe,  blew  out  a  candle,  and 
groaned  like  a  dying  man,  was  exhibited  in 
Charles  Court,  near  Hungerford  Market. 

In  1738  Balducci,  an  Italian,  brought  to- 
the  Red  Lyon  Tavern,  in  Pall  Mall,  a 
collection  of  alleged  novelties,  which  in- 
cluded : — 

A  Druggist,  which  on  the  command  of  a  man 

opens  the  door  and  shows  himself  to  the  spectators  ; 

i  he  gives  to  any  spectator  liberty  to  order  him  to 

bring  any  sort  of  drug  he  sells,  viz.,  coffee,  tea, 

!  sugar,  cinnamon,  cloves,  nutmegs,  &c.,  and  brings 

]  it  to  the  spectator  that  ordered  it. 

A  Country  Lass  with  a  Pigeon — which  gives 
;  White  Wine  and  Bed,  or  mixed,  as  desired. 

A  Blackmoor,  which  by  striking  with  a  hammer 
on  a  bell  does  all  that  is  commanded,  and  will 
guess  the  spectator's  thought. 

Balducci's  figures  were  exhibited  up  and 
down  the  country  for  at  least  30  years.  It 
is  practically  certain  that  they  were  not 
true  automata,  but  were  worked  by  con- 
cealed assistants. 

In  1742  Vaucauson's  famous  inventions, 
the  Flute  Player,  the  Tabor  and  Pipe 
Player,  and  the'Duck,  were  exhibited  in  the 

|  Long  Room  over  the  Opera  House  in  the 
Haymarket. 

In     1774    and    subsequent     years    Peter 

i  Jacquey  Droz,  the  Swiss  mechanic,  showed 
his  celebrated  figure,  the  "  Writing  and 
Drawing  Master,"  and  other  clockwork  con- 
trivances, at  No.  6,  King  Street,  Covent 
Garden.  Another  writing  and  drawing 
figure  was  constructed  by  Thomas  Denton, 
who  made  the  famous  "  Celestial  Bed  "  for 
Graham,  the  notorious  quack.  After  Den- 
ton's  death — he  was  hanged  for  coining — 
this  figure  was  sold  by  auction  in  London,  and 
may  have  been  purchased  by  Haddock,  who 
was  for  many  years  the  leading  exhibitor  of 
mechanical  figures.  He  sold  his  collection 

!  about  1800  to  Pietro  Bologna,  the  harlequin. 


332 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [12  s.x.  APRIL  29,192:!. 


who,  with  his  sons  John,  Peter  and  Louis, 
continued  to  exhibit  it.  It  was  Haddock's 
collection  which  was  shown  in  Norfolk 
Street  in  1797,  as  noted  ante,  p.  269.  The 
"  Fruitery  "  was  a  variation  of  Baklucci's 
"  Druggist,"  and  the  "  Highland  Oracle  " 
was  his  "  Blackrnoor  "  in  other  guise. 

M.  I.  M.  C. 


EARLY  VICTORIAN  LITERATURE. 

(12  S.  x.  210,  273.) 

I  AM  extremely  obliged  for  MB.  W.  ROBERTS' s 
reply  to  my  query,  and  regard  his  remarks  as 
some  authority  on  the  subject.  Having  a 
collection  of  some  of  these  rare  old  "  bloods  " 
he  has  good  ground  to  work  upon. 

He  inquires  as  to  the  authorship  of  '  Black 
Bess  ;  or,  The  Knight  of  the  Road,'  which 
ran  to  254  penny  weekly  numbers  and 
'2,028  pages,  each  number  of  eight  pages 
being  illustrated  with  quaintly  drawn  illus- 
trations by  clever  artists.  This  romance 
was  written  by  Edward  Viles  during  1863- 
1868.  At  any  rate  the  Preface  to  a  bound 
volume  of  the  first  issue  is  dated  1868.  It 
was  followed  by  '  The  Black  Highwayman,'  j 
being  the  second  series  of  '  Black  Bess,' 
by  the  same  author,  and  comprised  86 
numbers  and  688  pages,  published  during 
1866-1868.  (A  splendid  coloured  plate  was 
given  away  with  Nos.  1  and  2.)  '  Blue- 
skin,'  a  romance,  by  the  same  author,  com-  | 
prising  158  numbers  and  1,259  pages,  was 
also  written  and  published  during  1866- 
1867,  so  that  the  writer  had  a  rather  busy 
time  in  keeping  three  different  romances 
going  at  the  same  time.  '  Blueskin  '  (i.e., 
Joseph  Blake,  the  Highwayman)  is  considered 
by  many  to  be  the  best  of  the  three  works. 
I  believe  Edward  Viles  also  wrote  '  Gentle- 
man Clifford  ;  or,  The  Lady's  Highway- 
man,' 35  numbers  (1865)  ;  '  Will  Scarlett  ; 
or,  The  Outlaws  of  Sherwood,'  40  numbers 
(1865),  and  several  other  penny  shockers 
during  this  period.  He  wrote-  as  well  '  The  ! 
Illustrated  London  Novelist,'  24  numbers 
(1864).  He  was  a  most  prolific  writer  on 
sensational  subjects. 

'  Nightshade  ;     or,     Claude     Duval,     the 
Dashing    Highwayman,'    60    numbers    and  j 
480    pages     (1863-4),     was,     however,     not  | 
written  by  Edward  Viles,  but  by  Malcolm  J. 
Errym  (?),  otherwise  called  "Merry"  (?)  or 
"  Rymer  "  (?). 

All  these  and  many  more  works  of  a 
most  highly  sensational  character  were 
published  by  E.  Harrison,  Salisbury  Court, 


Fleet  Street,  while  at  the  same  time  he  was 
publishing  such  modest  and  sensible  publica - 
tions  as  The  Young  Ladies'  Journal  (No.  1, 
April  13,  1864)  and  The  Gentleman's  Journal 
and  Youth's  Miscellany  (No.  1,  Nov.  1,  1869), 
a  high-toned  and  really  first-class  periodical. 

I  also  beg  to  thank  MB.  ALBEBT  HALL  for 
his  able  and  well-informed  reply.  I  agree- 
with  him  that  if  the  real  name  of  the  writer 
who  wrote  under  the  name  of  "  Bos  "  could  be 
established,  it  would  clear  the  air  of  a  good 
deal  of  the  mystery  surrounding  these  old 
writers.  Personally  I  am  of  opinion  (formed 
from  my  research  work)  that  "Bos  "  was  the 
pen-name  of  Thomas  Peskett  Prest,  author  of 
k  Ela  the  Outcast,'  and  about  a  hundred 
penny  dreadful  romances  published  by 
Edward  Lloyd  ;  but  whether  he  really  wrote 
'  Fatherless  Fanny,'  or  '  Newgate,  a  Ro- 
mance '  (97  numbers  and  772  pages  of  single 
columns,  and  illustrated  by  the  most  exe- 
crable pictures  imaginable,  abounding  in 
horror  of  the  most  vivid  description,  pub- 
lished in  1847),  '  The  Old  House  in  West 
Street  ;  or,  London  in  the  Last  Century  ' 
(1846),  '  Varney  the  Vampire  ;  or,  The  Feast 
of  Blood  '  (1847),  or  '  Ada  the  Betrayed  ;  or, 
The  Murder  at  the  Old  Smithy,'  or 
'  Sweeney  Todd,  the  Demon  Barber  of  Fleet 
Street,'  or  '  The  String  of  Pearls,'  all  pub- 
lished in  penny  numbers  by  E.  Lloyd,  are 
questions  I  am  endeavouring  to  clear  up, 
and  I  shall  be  grateful  for  any  evidence  bear- 
ing upon  the  same. 

I  find  by  further  research  that  the  novel 
'  Gentleman  Jack,'  by  the  author  of  '  Caven- 
dish,' W.  Johnson  Neale,  is  not  the  same  as 
that  published  by  E.  Lloyd.  They  are 
entirely  different.  Neale' s  is  a  naval  story 
and  was  published  in  three  volumes,  with  no> 
illustrations,  by  Henry  Colburn,  13,  Great 
Marlborough  Street,  London,  in  1837. 
Lloyd's,  a  voluminous  work  of  cccxcviii.  chap- 
ters, 1,636  pages,  in  205  penny  weekly  num- 
bers, each  embellished  with  a  woodcut  illustra- 
tion, was  published  in  book  form  in  1852,  its 
title  being  '  Gentleman  Jack  ;  or,  Life  on  the 
Road,'  a  romance.  It  deals  with  highway- 
men, including  the  notorious  Dick  Turpin, 
Sixteen  String  Jack,  and  others. 

I  regret  no  further  light  has  been  thrown 
upon  its  rightful  author  beyond  my  state- 
ment in  my  article,  No.  26  in  Spare  Mo- 
ments, April  19,  1919,  that  the  author's  name 
was  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Caroline  Grey,  based 
upon  the  announcement  of  another  penny 
dreadful  published  by  Lloyd,  entitled  '  The 
Dream  of  a  Life,'  a  romance  bv  the  author 


i2s.x.APHIL29,i922.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


333 


of  '  The  Ordeal  by  Touch,'  '  Gentleman 
Jack,'  &c.,  &c.,  and  this  must  stand  until 
fresh  evidence  proves  otherwise. 

FRANK  JAY. 

I  am  indebted  to  Mr.  John  Jeffery  of  Barnes 
for  the  information  that '  Ela  the  Outcast '  was 
written  by  Thomas  Peckett  Prest.  That  he 
was  the  author  of  several  similar  romances 
used  by  Edward  Lloyd  is  evidenced  by  his 
contributions  to  Lloyd's  periodicals.  Mr. 
Jeffery  adds  that  the  Lloyd's  Dickens  imita- 
tions are  also  attributed  to  Prest. 

Is  it  not  probable  that  George  William 
McArthur  Rej^nolds  wrote  some  of  the 
penny  shockers  ?  Before  me  is  an  auto- 
biographical note  in  his  hand  wherein  he 
states  that,  born  July  23,  1814,  he  com- 
menced writing  at  the  age  of  20.  One  of 
his  earliest  works,  he  says,  was  '  The  Modern 
Literature  of  France '  in  two  volumes,  8vo. 
He  next  wrote  '  Pickwick  Abroad  '  and 
'  Robert  Macaire.'  The  above  works  he 
sold  to  publishers.  Then,  finding  how  well 
they  sold,  he  determined  to  print  and ! 
publish  for  himself  in  future.  At  any  rate, 
in  1836  he  was  proprietor  of  the  "  Librairie 
des  Etrangers,"  55,  rue  Neuve-St.-Augustin, 
Paris.  His  industry,  it  is  known,  was  tre- 
mendous, and  probably  he  wrote  his  ro- 
mances very  little  in  advance  of  the  demand. 
For  example,  '  The  Mysteries  of  London  ' 
provoked  or  called  for  two  series  each  of 
two  volumes  or  nearly  80  monthly  parts, 
whereas  '  Canonbury  House ;  or,  The 
Queen's  Prophecy,'  illustrated  by  E.  H. 
Corbould,  only  reached  seven  monthly 
parts  and  was  then  concluded,  it  may  almost ! 
be  said  with  some  precipitancy. 

Each  of  these  parts  provides  a  list  of 
Reynolds' s  romances  then  being  published  by  , 
John  Dicks  in  book  form. 

It  is  also  possible  that  these  romances  pub- 
lished by  Edward  Lloyd  were  provided  by ! 
writers    of   "  the   Holy  well    Street   School."  | 
For  example,  '  The  Life  of  Richard  Palmer, 
better  known   as  Dick   Turpin,'   by  Henry 
Downes  Miles,   was   published    by    Thomas 
White,  of  59,  Wych  Street,  in  1839,  in  penny  ! 
parts    (to    p.  323)    and    was    succeeded    by 
'  Claude  Duval.'     In  addition  to  a  frontis- 
piece portrait  of  Dick  Turpin  there  is  pro- 
vided "  The    Author's    Apology,"  in  which 
he  justifies  his  choice  of  a  hero  against  the 
squeamish  taste  of  the  "  inane  writers  of  the 
silver-fork  school." 

ALECK  ABRAHAMS. 

It  may  interest  MB.  W.  ROBERTS  and 
MR.  FRANK  JAY  to  know  that  the  late  Mr. 


Thomas  Catling  (many  years  editor  of 
Lloyd's  Weekly  News)  informed  me  in  April, 
1890,  that  John  Frederick  Smith  was  the 
real  author  of  '  Black  Bess,'  which  was  pub- 
lished in  penny  numbers.  Mr.  Catling  said 
Smith's  remuneration  was  £3  10s.  per  week 
during  the  publication  of  the  serial  story. 
Smith  often  said  he  outlined  his  '  Black 
Bess  '  long  before  the  publication  of  Harrison 
Ainsworth's  novel  on  the  same  subject,  and 
even  thought  of  submitting  his  own  version 
to  the  more  popular  novelist.  Mr.  Catling 
showed  much  emotion  when  he  read  to  me 
the  announcement  of  Smith's  death  in 
America.  He  said  his  "  dear  old  friend  was 
a  real  genius  in  his  way,  and  his  excessive 
generosity  was  the  cause  of  his  passing 
away  in  poverty  and  want."  A  large 
portion  of  the  first  fifty  numbers  of  '  Black 
Bess  '  was  written  amid  "  eighteen th- century 
surroundings  "  in  the  old  office  of  Lloyd's 
Weekly  News  (a  century  and  a  half  pre- 
viously occupied  by  Samuel  Richardson)  in 
Salisbury  Square,  E.C.  In  fact,  Mr.  Catling 
showed  me  the  very  desk  Smith  used.  John 
Frederick  Smith  was  always  on  cordial 
terms  with  Edward  Lloyd,  and  was  allowed 
the  use  of  his  favourite  corner  of  the  room 
and  paper  in  writing  his  novels  for  other 
publishers.  ANDREW  DE  TERNANT. 

36,    Somerleyton    Road,    Brixton,    S.W. 

From  MR.  ALBERT  HALL'S  article  it  may 
be  gathered  that  there  was  seemingly  a 
haphazard  or  give-and-take  method  of 
dealing  with  the  books  and  authors  he 
mentions.  For  instance,  the  title  page  of 
'  The  Dream  of  a  Life,'  written  by  Mrs- 
Elizabeth  Caroline  Grey,  gives  her  as  the 
author  of  '  Gentleman  Jack,'  but  the 
'  English  Catalogue  of  Books '  and  the 
British  Museum  Catalogue  records  'Gentle- 
man Jack '  as  being  written  by  Captain 
William  Johnson  Neale,  published  in  three 
volumes  by  Colburn  at  31s.  6d.,  in  1837, 
afterwards  by  Tegg  at  6s.  in  1841,  and  by 
Bryce  at  2s.  in  1856.  All  of  Neale's  novels, 
including  'Captain's  Wife'  (1842),  'Caven- 
dish' (1831),  'Flying  Dutchman'  'Naval 
Surgeon,'  'Port  Admiral,'  and  '  Will  Watch/ 
were  of  the  old  three-decker  type,  and  pub- 
lished at  the  wicked  price  of  one  and  a  half 
guineas,  and  the  same  can  be  said  of  Mrs. 
Grey's  tales.  This  latter  author  was  perhaps 
more  prolific  with  her  pen  than  Neale,  as  23 
novels,  nearly  all  of  three  volumes,  were 
issued  during  the  thirties  and  forties ^of 
last  century,  including  '  The  Gambler's 
Wife '  and  '  Mary  Seaham.'  The  English 


334 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [12  S.X.APRII,  29,1922. 


•Catalogue  evidently  could  not  be  troubled 
to  record  the  burlesque  travesties  of  '  Bos,' 
neither  does  it  give  any  entries  of  the  publi- 
cation of  '  Black  Bess '  or  '  Fatherless 
Fanny.'  ARCHIBALD  SPABKE. 


MOTHERING   SUNDAY. 

(12  S.  x.  249,292.) 

HAZLITT  ( '  National  Faiths  and  Popular 
Customs  ' )  says  : — 

In  former  days  when  the  Roman  Catholic 
was  the  established  religion,  it  was  the  custom  for 
people  to  visit  their  Mother  Church  on  Mid- 
Lent  Sunday,  and  to  make  their  offerings  at  the 
ihigh  altar.  Cowel,  in  his  '  Interpreter,'  1607, 
observes  that  the  now  remaining  practice  of 
Mothering,  or  going  to  visit  parents  upon  Mid- 
Lent  Sunday,  is  really  owing  to  that  good  custom. 
Nay  it  seems  to  be  called  Mothering  from  the 
respect  so  paid  to  the  Mother  Church,  when  the 
«pistle  for  the  day  was,  with  some  allusion. 
Galat.  iv.  21,  "  Jerusalem  Mater  omnium," 
which  epistle  for  Mid-Lent  Sunday  we  still  retain 
though  we  have  forgotten  the  occasion  of  it. 

The  statement  quoted  from  Cowell  is  an 
•earlier  reference  to  "  mothering  "  than  that 
given  by  the  '  N.E.D.'  from  Herrick. 

Hazlitt  (op.  cit.)  also  states,  under  '  Mid- 
Lent  Sunday,'  that  in  the  Household  Roll 
of  18  Edward  I.,  is  the  following  item  on 
Mid-Lent  Sunday,  "  Pro  pisis  jd,"  and  that 
the  question  is  whether  these  peas  were 
substitutes  for  frumenty,  or  carlings,  which 
are  eaten  at  present  in  the  north  of  England 
on  the  following  Sunday,  commonly  called 
Passion  Sunday,  but  by  the  vulgar  in  those 
parts  Carling  Sunday.  He  also  says  that 
Aubanus  speaks  of  a  practice  in  Franconia 
•of  eating  milk  peas  and  dried  pears  on  this 
day,  but  it  was,  according  to  him,  only 
partial. 

Hazlitt,  quoting  from  The  Antiquary  for 
May,  1893,  further  states  that  at  Leckford, 
near  Stockbridge,  Hants,  Mid -Lent  Sunday 
is  called  Wafering  Sunday,  from  the  wafer  - 
pake  impressed  with  an  iron  bearing  an 
impression  like  a  seal,  offered  by  the  young 
people  to  their  mothers  on  this  occasion. 
The  iron  has  two  stamps :  three  locked 
hearts  surmounted  by  a  cross  enclosed 
within  a  circle,  and  an  anchor  with  foliate 
'ornaments  on  either  side.  Two  or  three 
of  these  utensils,  which  were  made  red-hot 
over  a  charcoal  fire,  seem  to  suffice  for  the 
village,  which  employs  a  person  named 
a  waferer  to  do  the  work. 

In  some  'Notes  on  Altcar  Parish,' 
Lancashire,  in  vol.  xlvii.  of  the  Trans- 
actions of  the  Historical  Soc.  of  Lancashire 


and  Cheshire,  the  Rev.  William  Williams, 
!  the  vicar,  writes  : — 

Mid-Lent  Sunday  was  known  in  Altcar  as 
Braggot  Sunday.  A  specially  concocted  drink 
was  prepared  for  this  Sunday  which  was  of  a 
non-intoxicating  character,  and  was  called  brag- 
got.  As  the  older  generation  passed  away,  the 
secret  of  its  manufacture  seems  to  have  been 
lost,  and  its  place  was  taken  by  mulled  ale. 
The  publicans,  in  later  days,  provided  small 
cakes  for  the  occasion.  Every  labourer  expected 
four  eggs  from  his  employer,  with  which  he 
repaired  to  the  ale-house,  where  the  eggs,  with 
spices,  were  drunk  in  hot  ale.  This  custom  died 
with  the  closing  of  the  public-houses. 

It  may  be  noticed  that  on  one  of  the  Sundays 
in  Lent,  figs  or  fig  pies  were  eaten  in  many 
parts  of  the  country,  and  from  this  circum- 
stance it  was  known  as  Fig  Sunday  or  Fig- 
pie  Sunday.  The  Sunday  on  which  this 
occurred,  however,  varied  with  the  locality. 
Hazlitt  (op.  cit.)  states  that  "  Fig  Sunday" 
was  a  popular  name  for  the  Sunday  before 
Easter,  in  allusion  to  our  Saviour's  alleged 
desire  to  eat  that  fruit  on  His  way  from 
Bethany,  and  he  gives  quotations  showing 
the  prevalence  of  the  eating  of  figs  on  this 
Sunday  in  Northamptonshire  and  Hert- 
fordshire. This  was  also  the  case  in  some 
parts  of  Oxfordshire  (*  British  Popular 
!  Customs,'  by  T.  F.  T.  Dyer).  From  Dyer's 
book  it  also  appears  that  Fig-pie  Wake 
was  kept  in  the  parish  of  Draycot-in-the- 
Moors  (Staffordshire)  and  in  the  neigh- 
bouring villages  on  Mid-Lent  Sunday, 
where  the  fig  pies  were  made  of  dry  figs, 
sugar,  treacle,  spice,  &c. 

A  writer  in  '  N.  &  Q.'  (2  S.  ii.  320)  states 

|  that  fig  pies  (made  of  dry  figs,  sugar,  treacle, 

I  spice,     &c.,    and     by    some    described    as 

"  luscious,"  by  others  as  "  of  a  sickly  taste  ") 

or,  as  they  are  locally  termed,  "  fag  pies," 

are,  or  were  at  least  till  recently,  eaten  in 

Lancashire   on   a   Sunday   in   Lent,   thence 

called  "  Fag -pie  Sunday." 

Harland  and  Wilkinson  ( '  Lancashire  Folk 

Lore  ")   say   that   in   the   neighbourhood   of 

Burnley,    Fag -pie    Sunday    is    the    second 

Sunday  before  Easter,  or  that  which  comes 

between  Mid -Lent  and  Palm  Sunday,  but 

that   about  Blackburn  fig  pies  are  always 

|  prepared  for  Mid-Lent  Sunday,  and  visits 

j  are  usually  made  to  friends'  houses  in  order 

I  to  partake  of  the  luxury.     The  practice  at 

|  Clitheroe    was    to    make    fig    puddings    for 

j  Mid -Lent    Sunday. 

The  late  Professor  Skeat's  derivation  of 
"  simnel  "  is  as  follows  : — 

Old  French  slmenel ;  Lo\v  Latin  simmellus, 
I  bread  of  fine  flour  ;  also  called  simella  in  Low 
i  Latin.  Latin  si  mi  la.  wheat  flour  of  the  finest 


12  s.x.  APRIL 29, 1022.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


335 


quality ;  whence  siminellus,  put  for  similellus 
(a  theoretical  form). 

The  word  occurs  in  the  form,  simnellus 
in  the  Annals  of  the  Church  of  Winchester 
under  the  year  1042,  "  conventus  centum 
simnellos "  (quoted  by  Cowell).  It  fre- 
quently occurs  in  the  household  allowances 
of  Henry  I.,  e.g.,  "  Cancellarius  v  Solidos 
in  die  et  i  Siminellum  dominicum,"'  &c. 
('Libr.  Nigr.  Scaccarii,'  p.  341  ;  quoted  by 
Dyer,  op.  eft.,  p.  114).  WM.  SELF  -WEEKS.  " 

\\Vstwood,    Clitheroe. 

Regarding  the  custom  of  children  taking 
to  their  mothers  frumenty  or  simnel  cakes  on 
Mid-Lent  Sunday,  it  is  interesting  to  note 
that  Wheatly  on  the  Common  Prayer 
(1848,  p.  221)  says  that  Bishop  Sparrow 
and  some  others  term  the  fourth  Sunday 
in  Lent 

Dominica  Refectionis,  the  Sunday  of  Refresh- 
ment, the  reason  being  that  the  Gospel  for  the 
day  treats  of  our  Saviour  miraculously  feeding 
five  thousand,  or  else  perhaps  from  the  first 
lesson  in  the  morning,  which  gives  us  the  story 
of  Joseph's  entertaining  his  brethren. 

He  is  of  opinion  that 

the  appointment  of  these  Scriptures  upon  this 
day  might  probably  give  the  first  rise  to  a  custom, 
still  retained  in  many  parts  of  England,  and  well 
known  by  the  name  of  Mid-Lenting  or  Mothering, 

As  to  the  derivation  of  "  simnel, ':  the 
dictionaries  give  it  as  from  the  old  French 
simenel  and  ultimately  from  the  Latin 
simila=fi.ue  wheaten  flour. 

Regarding  the  line  "  Carling,  Palm,  Pase- 
egg  day"  in  Randal  Holmes' s  'Academy 
of  Armory  and  Blazon'  (1688,  iii.  3, 
p.  130)  the  following  appears :  "  Carle 
Sunday  is  the  second  Sunday  before  Easter, 
or  the  fifth  Sunday  from  Shrove  Tuesday." 

Marshall,  in  his  observations  on  the 
Saxon  Gospels,  elucidates  the  old  name 
"  Care  "  of  this  Sunday  in  Lent.  He  tells 
us  that  it  is  derived  from  "  karr  "  or  "  carr  " 
=  ''a  satisfaction  for  a  fine  or  penalty," 
and  states  that  Care  or  Carr  Sunday  was  not 
unknown  to  the  English  in  his  day.  Pase- 
or  Pasche-egg  Day  was  of  course  Easter 
Day.  ROBERT  GOWER. 

Neither    the    '  N.E.D.'    nor    the    '  Dialect 
Dictionary '    yields    any    quotation    earlier 
than  Herrick's  '  To  Dianeme  '  (1648)  :— 
He  to  thee  a  Simnell  bring, 
'Gainst  thou  go'st  a  mothering;, 

Mrs.  Wright,  '  Rustic  Speech  and  Folk- 
lore '  (Oxford,  1913),  p.  291,  points  out  that 
the  old  north -country  saying,  "  Tid,  Mid, 
Misera,"  &c.,  begins  with  the  second  Sunday 


in  Lent  (and  of  course  ends  with  Easter 
Day).  "  Carlings,"  she  says  (ibid.,  p.  292), 
are  the  grey  or  brown  peas  which  are  fried 
and  eaten  on  the  fourth  Sunday  in  Lent. 
The  usage  is  by  some  supposed  to  oom- 
memorate  the  plucking  of  the  ears  of  corn 
by  the  disciples. 

"  Simnel"  is  derived  from  the  old  French 
simenel,  which  is  apparently  related  in 
some  way  to  Latin  simila  or  Greek  vefjiiSaXis* 
"fine  flour"  ('N.E.D.').  From  the  same 
source  come  "  semolina  "  and  the  German 
semmel,  "  a  roll."  L.  R.  M.  STRACHAX. 

Birminghan  University. 

'THE  FLY-FISHER'S  ENTOMOLOGY  '  (12  S. 
x.  270).— G.  F.  R.  B.  asks  if  any  further 
evidence  as  to  the  identity  of  "  Piscator," 
who  edited  the  fifth  edition  of  1856,  is  to 
be  had.  The  evidence,  so  far  as  it  goes, 
as  I  stated  in  my  Introduction  to  the  latest 
edition  (1921),  seems  conclusive  that  "  Pis- 
cator  "  was  "  the  Rev.  Bd.  Smith,"  for  the 
house  of  Longman  paid  £10  to  that  gentle- 
man for  doing  the  work  and  has  the  fact 
duly  recorded  in  its  archives.  My  suggestion 
that  this  Mr.  Bd.  Smith  was  the  mathe- 
matician M7as  based  on  a  process  of  elyiiina- 
tion.  I  had  the  privilege  of  examining  all 
the  "  Crockfords  "  that  covered  the  period 
and  could  find  no  other  Bd.  Smith  except 
the  mathematician  himself.  With  G.  F.  R.  B. 
I  should  welcome  any  further  details  as  to 
the  tastes  and  recreations  of  that  distin- 
guished teacher  and  (I  trust)  angler.  Can 
G.  F.  R,  B.  tell  us  whether  Westminster 
boys  ever  caught  fish  from  the  Thames 
near  the  Abbey  in  old  days  ?  There  must 
have  been  fish  there  in  the  early  years  of 
"  Water."  H.  T.  SHERINGHAM. 

The  Field. 

THE  WIDTH  OF  CHEAPSIDE  ( 12  S.  x.  290).— 
It  may  be  inferred  from  MR.  LANDFEAR 
LUCAS'S  inquiry  that  the  statement  that 
Cheapside  in  Tudor  times  had  greater 
width  than  at  the  present  day  was  un- 
supported by  any  authority.  If  this  be  so, 
it  is  probable  that  the  lecturer  drew  his 
inference  from  La  Serre's  k  Entree  de  la 
Reyne  Mere  du  Roy,'  of  1638  (reproduced 
in  Walford's  '  Old  and  New  London,'' vol.  i.r 
at  p.  307,  and  in  H.  C.  Shelley's  '  Inns  and 
Taverns  of  Old  London  '  at  p.  57)  and  from 
'  Cheapside  Cross  as  it  appeared  at  the 
Coronation  of  Edward  VI.'  (Walford,  p.  313). 
In  each  case  the  painter,  in  order  to  include 
the  many  personages  and  enhance  the 
ceremonial  values,  has  greatly  exaggerated 


336 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [i*s.x.AP«n.2t,i»M. 


the  proportions  of  that  thoroughfare,  there- 
by misleading  the  unwary.  Accurate  topo- 
graphical and  portrait  painters  have  rendered 
invaluable  services  to  the  science  of  history, 
but  when  an  artist  subordinates  fidelity  to 
artistic  licence  his  productions  engender 
confusion  and  beget  uncertainty. 

Cesar  de  Saussure,  who  visited  London 
in  1725,  wrote  to  his  friends  in  Switzer- 
land :• — 

The  four  streets — the  Strand,  Fleet  Street, 
Cheapside  and  Cornhill — are,  I  imagine,  the 
finest  in  Europe.  What  help  to  make  them 
interesting  and  attractive  are  the  shops  and  the 
signs.  Every  shop  has  a  sign  of  copper,  pewter, 
or  wood  painted  and  gilt.  Some  of  these  signs 
are  really  magnificent  and  have  cost  as  much  as 
one  hundred  pounds  sterling  ;  they  hang  on  big 
iron  branches,  and  sometimes  on  gilt  ones.  The 
signs  belonging  to  taverns  are  generally  finer 
than  the  others. 

One  cannot  but  think  that  had  Cheapside 
shown  any  of  La  Serre's  "  breadth  of  treat- 
ment," de  Saussure  would  not  have  linked 
it  with  the  other  three  thoroughfares,  but 
would  have  reserved  it  for  special  remark. 

With  respect  to  MR.  LUCAS'S  second 
query,  whether  the  roadway  and  footway 
were  differentiated  in  Tudor  times,  one 
would'  suppose  from  La  Serre's  picture 
that  they  were  one,  but  as  I  am  questioning 
La  Serre's  accuracy  it  is  not  open  to  me  to 
crave  him  in  aid.  The  following  announce- 
ment in  Lloyd's  Evening  Post  of  July  10, 
1765,  may,  however,  put  MR.  LUCAS  on  a 
line  of  inquiry  : — • 

The  inhabitants  of   Cheapside  from  the  end  of 
King  Street  to  the  end  of  Old  Jewry  have  begun 
to  have  the  footway  in  the  same  manner  as  the 
Strand,  by  raising  it  and  taking  away  the  posts. 
J.  PAUL  DE  CASTRO. 

THE  Loss  OF  H.M.S.  TIGER  (12  S.  x.  264). 
— -A  boat -flag  from  the  Tiger  shared,  with  a 
similar  trophy  taken  from  a  boat  which 
drifted  ashore  at  Gamle-Karleby,  the  honour 
of  hanging  as  trophy  in  the  Cathedral  of  the 
Holy  Trinity  near  the  Warsaw  railway 
station  at  St.  Petersburg — at  least  so  it  was 
recorded  in  Murray's  '  Handbook  '  for  1888. 
In  1884,  when  I  went  to  the  church,  in  spite 
of  a  bribe  to  the  custodian,  we  could  not 
find  it.  It  may  have  been  removed  for 
political  reasons,  but  I  remember  hearing 
the  suggestion  that  the  flags  had  been 
taken  to  the  Naval  Museum  in  the  Ad- 
miralty. They  were  the  only  British  colours 
among  a  very  large  collection  in  the  churches 
of  the  Russian  capital.  It  would  be  in- 
teresting to  know  if  these  trophies  are  still 
in  existence.  HUGH  R.  WATKIN. 


MURDERS  IN  ITALY  (12  8.  x.  289). — The 
contrast  between  Tuscany  and  the  States 
of  the  Church  towards  the  end  of  the  eigh- 
teenth century  is  an  interesting  one.  It  is 
!  one  of  the  paradoxes  of  history  that  on  the 
'  eve  of  the  cataclysm  that  was "  destined  ulti- 
mately, perhaps,  to  destroy  the  monarchies 
of  Europe,  the  sovereigns  were  men  of  con- 
spicuous excellence  ;  among  these  benevo- 
lent despots  none  was  more  remarkable 
than  Leopold,  the  son  of  Maria  Theresa,  who 
ruled  Tuscany  for  a  quarter  of  a  century. 
He  introduced  there  all  the  reforms  that  are 
so  dear  to  the  friend  of  progress,  and,  be 
it  noticed,  abolished  capital  punishment. 
One  of  his  great  difficulties  arose  from  the 
number  of  ecclesiastics,  of  whom  there  were 
perhaps  27,000  in  a  population  of  one  million. 
Most  of  the  land  outside  the  towns  belonged 
to  them. 

On  the  other  hand,  the  Papal  States, 
which  were  probably  at  their  worst,  had  been 
ruled  by  a  succession  of  Popes,  who  in  many 
cases  were  ho  longer  in  the  prime  of  life. 
The  government  of  the  Church  absorbed 
what  energies  they  had,  and,  after  that,  the 
adornment  of  Rome  was  their  principal  care. 
This  was  the  period,  approximately,  when 
the  fountain  of  Trevi  was  finished,  and 
when  treasures  were  being  collected  to  fill 
the  Museum  Pio-Clementino.  Beyond  Rome 
things  were  left  to  take  their  course.  Eccle- 
siastics swarmed,  and  the  great  number  of 
murders  that  occurred  outside  the  Eternal 
City  was  clue  to  ecclesiastical  immunities. 
A  murderer  pleaded  privilege  of  the  clergy  ; 
the  case  had  to  be  tried  by  an  ecclesiastic  ; 
there  was  probably  delay,  and  meanwhile  the 
criminal  escaped.  Or,  after  the  assassina- 
tion, he  took  refuge  in  one  of  the  numerous 
churches,  where  there  was  a  right  of  sanc- 
tuary, and  soon  emerged,  wearing  the  livery 
of  a  prince  or  cardinal.  This,  according  to 
Montesquieu,  was  the  weak  point  in  the 
government  of  the  States  of  the  Church. 
The  immense  sums  of  money  that  flowed 
into  Rome  rendered  living  easy  ;  there  was 
next  to  no  taxation,  no  attempt  at  industrial 
development.  Everywhere  were  idleness 
and  mendicancy,  and  they  are  fertile  fields 
of  crime.  T.  PERCY  ARMSTRONG. 

The  Authors'  Club,  Whitehall,  S.W. 

SPBUSEN'S  ISLAND   (12  S.  x.   288).— 
Sprucers  Island,  on  the  N.W.  side  of  Wapping, 
between    King   Edward's   stairs  and   New   Grain 
stairs   (ex  'A  New  View  of  London,'  1708,  vol.  i. 
p.  78). 

W.   J.   M. 


-    \.APRIL29,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


337 


LEDBURY,  HEREFORD  (12  S.  x.  272). — 
The  '  Encyclopaedia  Britannica  '  states  that 
the  .Manor  of  Ledbury  was  given  to  the 
See  of  Hereford  in  the  eleventh  century,  I 
hut  in  1561/2  it  became  the  property  of 
the  Crown.  In  Morgan  G.  Watkins's 
"  Continuation  '  of  Duncurnb's  £  History  of 
Hereford,'  under  the  Hundred  of  Radlow 
it  is  stated  that  the  town  was  given  to  the 
Church  of  Hereford  by  Edwin  the  Saxon, 
son  of  Edrie  the  Forester,  contemporary 
with  William  the  Conqueror.  Robert  tie 
Hetiin  or  Bohun,  consecrated  Bishop  of 
Hereford  A.D.  1131,  procured  from  King 
Stephen  a  market  for  this  town.  Bishop 
John  Trefnant,  Bishop  Hugh  Ffoliot  and 
Bishop  de  Swinfield  are  all  mentioned  in 
connexion  with  the  manor  at  different 
periods. 

At'ttM-  the  i  Instructive  exchange  mnilo  with 
Qiuvu  Elizabeth  in  her  fourth  your,  this  manor 
\vus  vostod  iu  tho  Crown  till  the  time  of  James  I.. 
who  sold  it  to  the  City  of  London  and  to  feoffees. 

s,>  that  there  are  now  no  particular  Lords. 

The  bishops  formerly  had  a  park  at  Ledbury 
called  Denzein  Park,  and  a  palace  or  hall. 
The  owners  of  demesne  lands  in  Ledbury 
owed  service  to  the  Court  at  Hereford  and 
Ledbury.  ARCHIBALD  SPARKE. 

JAMBS  ATKINSON,  M.D.  (12  s.  \.  289).— 

.lames  Atkinson  was  born  at  Darlington.  ' 
March  9,  1 7 SO.  and  died  in  London,  Aug.  7. 
1852.  It  may  not  be  generally  known  that 
in  addition  to  his  other  activities  he  was  a 
portrait-painter  of  very  considerable  merit, 
and  in  the  rooms  of  the  Royal  Asiatic  Society 
will  be  found  his  portrait  of  .the  first  Earl  of 
Minister.  Portraits  by  him  of  the  Earl  of 
Minto.  the  Marquess  of  Hastings,  Lord 
William  Bentinek,  Sir  William  Maenaghten, ; 
Bart.,  Sir  \Villoughby  Cotton,  Captain 
Arthur  Connolly.  Prof.  'H.  H.  Wilson,  Flax- 
man.  and  one  of  himself,  will  all  be  found  in 
the  National  Portrait  Gallery,  and  sketches 
of  K  I  ward  Irving  and  the  Earl  of  Minto  in 
the  Scottish  Portrait  Gallery. 

Atkinson  was  enabled,  by  the  kindness  of 
a  friend,  to  study  medicine  at  Edinburgh. 
Whilst  a  student  there  he  published 
'  Rodolpho/  a  romantic  poem,  dedicated  to 
Lady  Charlotte  Campbell.  He  went  to 
India  as  medical  officer  of  an  East  Indiaman, 
and  was  appointed  assistant  surgeon  in  the 
Bengal  Medical  Service  in  1805.  He  was 
several  years  Assistant  AflSay  Master  at  the 
Mint,  Calcutta,  and  edited  The  Government 
'•'a :<f7r  and  The  Press.  For  a  short  time 
he  filled  the  Deputy  Chair  of  Persian  in 


Fort  William  College.  His  literary  ami 
artistic  abilities  gained  for  him  the  friend- 
ship of  several  Governors-General.  In  the 
first  Afghan  War  he  was  Superintending 
Surgeon  of  the  Army  of  the  Indus,  and 
received  the  order  of  the  Doornnee  Empire, 
He  retired  in  1847  after  42  years'  service, 
and  died  in  London.  Aug.  7,  1852.  His 
publications  indicate  his  industry  and  varied 
accomplishments :  'Rodolpho'  (1801), 
'  Sohrab '  (1814),  '  Hatim  Tye '  (1818), 
•The  Aubid,  an  Eastern  Poem'  (1819), 
contributions  to  The  Calcutta  Annual  Regis- 
ter (1821-2),  '  Ricchiarda,'  a  translation 
from  L^go  Foscolo  (1823),  'Prospectus  of 
The  Calcutta  Liberal'  (1824),  'The  City 
of  Palaces  and  other  Poems'  (1824),  'La 
Secchia  Rapita  '  (The  Rape  of  the  Bucket), 
a  translation  from  Alessandro  Tassoni 
(1825) ;  '  Description  of  the  New  Process  of 
Perforating  and  Destroying  the  Stone  in 
the  Bladder'  (1831),  •  The  Shah  Nameh  of 
Firdausi/  translated  and  abridged,  pub- 
lished by  the  Oriental  Translation  Fund 
and  awarded  the  Gold  Medal  (1832) ;  '  Cus- 
toms and  Manners  of  the  Women  of  Persia  ' 
(1832)  and  '  Laili  and  Majnun  '  (1836),  both 
published  by  the  Oriental  Translation  Fund  ; 
'The  Expedition  into  Afghanistan'  (1842) 
and  -Sketches  in  Afghanistan'  (fol.  1842). 
His  son  was  vicar  of  Bolton  (1887-1896) 
and  lion.  Canon  of  Manchester,  where  he 
died  in  retirement.  Nov.  18,  1911. 

ARCHIBALD  SPARKE. 

"  STANDARDS  "  (12  S.  ix.  388,  454,  532).— 
The  contrast  between  "  standards  "  and 
movable  furniture  is  shown  clearly  in  the 
will  of  John  Loder  of  Stanford-in-the-Vale, 
Berks,  dated  July  26,  1671  (P.C.C.,  Nov.  22. 
1671).  He  leaves  his  "  movable  goods  "  in 
Shellingford  among  the  children  of  his  son 
John  L.  deceased,  his  heir  (John  L.,  eldest 
son  of  tliis  son  John)  except ed,  and  "  the 
standards  to  remain  in  the  house." 

E.  ST.  JOHN  BROOKS. 

GENERAL  NICHOLSON'S  BIRTHPLACE  (12  S. 
x.  109,  158,  173,  290). — General  Nicholson 
was  a  cousin  of  the  Hautenvilles  of  Dublin, 
and  my  mother-in-law,  .Harriet,  Lady  Cope, 
is  a  direct  descendant  of  the  Jaffa-ays  of 
Kingswell.  In  the  pedigree  I  have  I  cannot 
find  the  Nicholsons  named  in  the  article, 
but  Christian,  dau.  of  Robert  Jaffray  of 
Dublin  and  Kingswell,  married  Thomas 
Nicholson  and  had  John,  Abigail,  Robert, 
Lydia.  Christian  and  Isabella.  The  Jaffray 
family  ended  with  Alexander  Jaffray  of 
Kingswell.  who  died  at  Bath,  unmarried, 


338 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[12  s.  x. 


^  1922. 


in.  1818,  His  portrait  is  in.  the  possession  of 
Lady  Cope.  There  may  have  been  a  pre- 
vious marriage  between,  Jaffray  and  Nichol- 
son,, as  Alexander  Jaffray  had  ten  children 
by  his  wife,  Christian  Barclay  of  Urie. 
Christian,  granddau.  of  Alexander  Jaffray, 
married  Robertson  the  miniaturist.  I 
fancy  some  curious  brown  miniatures  in 
Lady  Cope's  possession  are  by  him.  We 
have  the  printed  Diary  of  Alexander  Jaffray 
the  Quaker.  E.  E.  COPE. 

Finchampstead  Place,  Berks. 

There  is  a  slight  error  or  omission  in  MB. 
FULLER'S  note  on  General  Nicholson's 
birthplace.  The  Rev.  Edward  Maxwell's 
incumbency  was  at  "  High  Roding,"  not 
"  Roding."  There  are  some  seven  or  eight 
places  near  Dunmow  or  Ongar  all  of  which 
have  "  Roding "  as  part  of  their  names. 
I  can  remember  that,  when  on  a  visit  at 
Mr.  Edward  Maxwell's  house  in  1869, 
I  was  told  by  his  wife,  the  General's  sister, 
how  masterful  John  Nicholson  was  as  a 
boy — how  he  would  make  his  sisters  carry 
him  upstairs  on  their  back.  L.  ELIOT. 

LIEUT. -CoL.  CLEMENT  MARTIN  EDWARDS 
(12  S.  x.  211,  v.s.  '  General  Clement 
Edwards,  C.B.'). — This  officer  left  Ceylon 
with  Sir.  Thomas  Maitland,  the  retiring 
Governor,  on  whose  staff  in  Ceylon  he  had 
been,  and  who  had  a  high  opinion  of  him, 
and  whom  he  accompanied  to  Malta  in  1811. 
According  to  Ceylon  records  he  was  ap- 
pointed Lieutenant -Colonel  of  the  1st 
Ceylon  Regiment  (not  the  "  Ceylon  Rifle 
Regiment,"  which  did  not  receive  that  title 
until  a  dozen  years  later)  on  July  10,  1816, 
in  succession  to  Viscount  Molesworth, 
drowned  in  the  wreck  of  the  Arniston  in 
May,  1815.  He  married  a  daughter  of  the 
Very  Rev.  Charles  Peter  Layard,  Dean  of 
Bristol,  who  had  two  sons,  Henry  Peter 
John  and  Charles  Edward,  in  the  Ceylon 
Civil  Service.  H.  P.  J.  Layard  became  the 
father  of  "  Nineveh  "  Layard., 

It  was  probably  "  at  the  early  age  of 
twenty -six  "  that  Clement  Martin  Edwards 
joined  Ramsay's  Regiment  (the  2nd  Ceylon 
Regiment)  as  a  captain  in  1805.  But,  if  so, 
when  he  became  Lieutenant -Colonel  of  the 
3rd  Ceylon  Regiment  in  1813,  he  was 
thirty-four  (see  p.  212).  With  regard  to 
his  appointment  to  a  Lieutenant-Colonelcy 
in  the  1st  Ceylon,  it  appears  to  have  been 
gazetted  too  late,  as  he  died  on  May  4, 
1816.  But  possibly  the  date  should  be 
1815,  not  "  1816.''  PENRV  LEWIS. 


THE  ENGLISH  "H  "  :  CELTIC,  LATIN  AND 
GERMAN  INFLUENCES  (12  S.  x.  32,  116, 
172).— In  Cingalese  the  letters  s  and  h  at 
the  beginning  of  a  word  are  often  inter- 
changeable, thus  hatara  or 
haya  or  sa?/a=six  ;  hitiya  or 
&c.  Cingalese  is  an  Indo-European  lan- 
guage, based  on  Sancrit. 

Tamil,  which  has  been  classed  as  a  Dravi- 
dian  language,  has  no  h,  but  the  letter  * 
at  the  beginning  of  a  word  is  pronounced 
like  an  s  or  like  ch  in  cheese.  There  are 
some  Sanscrit  words  in  Tamil.  For  in- 
stance, the  word  hena  in  Cingalese,  meaning 
low  jungle  where  the  forest  has  been  felled, 
is  found  in  Tamil  as  chenai  ;  hettiya  in, 
Cingalese  (the  name  of  a  caste)  is  chetti  in 
Tamil,  &c.  PENRY  LEWIS. 

WAINWRIGHT'S    POEM    ON    HIS    MURDER 
OF  HARRIET  LANE  (12  S.  x.  251).- — -I  cannot 
recall  a  poem  sold  to  the  public  on  the  day 
of  Henry  Wainwright's  execution  as  being 
written  by  the  culprit ;  but  I  well  remember 
I  a  copy  of  doggerel  verses  then  hawked  in 
|  London  streets,  which  contained  the  lines  : — - 
Now  Harriet  Lane  has  gone  to  heaven, 
And  Wainwright's  gone  to  hell — - 
j  an  assertion  sufficiently  positive  to  satisfy 
i  the     strictest     theologian     of     the      oldest 
i  school.  ALFRED  ROBBINS. 

BURR- WALNUT  (12  S.  x.  191,  238).— The 
I  black  walnut  of  America,  one  of  the  most 
valuable  of  woods  for  cabinet-making, 
commonly  grows  with  straight  grain,  but 
often  shows  -''  shakes  "  or  knots  deemed 
ornamental.  What  is  meant,  however,  by 
"  bur- walnut  "  is  the  wood  cut  in  thin 
veneers  from,  irregular  burls  or  excrescences 
that  frequently  show  in  swollen,  more  or 
less  globular,  portions  of  the  trunk  of  this- 
tree,  Juglans  nigra.  "  Burl- walnut,"  or 
"  walnut  burl,"  is  a  more  accurate  term. 
The  grain  of  these  burls  is  often  much 
contorted  and  is  regarded  as  beautiful. 
The  term  "  bur-oak  "  has  probably  misled 
MR.  SMITH.  This  is  the  mossy-cup  or 
overcup  oak,  Quercus  macrocarpa,  of  America 
and  it3  bur  (or  burr)  is  on  the  acorn. 

C.  E.  HUTCHINGS. 
3667,  Shenandoah  Avenue,  St.  Louis,  U.S.A. 

' 

EARLY   FIRE-ENGINES    (12   S.    x.    286).-- 

The  inscription  "  Sun  Fire  Office,   1710,"  is 

!  the  date  of  the  founding  of  the  company, 

!  and  not  the  date  of   the  presentation  of  the 

fire-engine,  which  was  probably  in  the    late 

eighteenth    century,    subsequent    to    1753, 


12  s.x.  APRIL  29, 1922.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


339 


when  this  office  presented  an  engine  to  the 
City  of  Norwich.  Compare  illustrations 
(p.  6)  in  'The  Early  Days  of  the  Sun  Fire 
Office,'  by  Edward  Baumer  (1910). 

ALECK  ABRAHAMS. 

PEDWARDINE  FAMILY  (12  S.  x.  272).— 
In  the  '  Lincolnshire  Pedigrees,'  edited  by 
Canon  Maddison  for  the  Harleian  Society, 
p.  1,295,  is  a  pedigree  of  this  family,  which 
states  that  Sir  Roger  de  Pedwardyne,  who 
married  the  Darcy  heiress,  was  son  of  Roger 
de  Pedwardyne  by  Alice,  d.  of  Henry  de 
Longchamp,  and  grandson  of  Walter  and 
Maude  de  Pedwardyne.  Under  Walter's 
name  there  is  a  note,  "  For  earlier  pedigree 
see  '  Monastic,  Anglic.'  under  '  Llanthony.'  ' 
In  the  only  edition  of  Dugdale's  *  Monasticon ' 
to  which  I  at  present  have  access  I  have 
failed  to  trace  this  reference.  There  is 
another  pedigree  of  the  family  on  p.  764  of 
the  same  work,  which  differs  in  some 
respects  from  that  quoted  above. 

H.  J.  B.  CLEMENTS. 

FRANCES  CALDERON  DE  LA  BARCA  (nee 
INGLIS)  (12  S.  x.  250). — Born  in  1804  in 
Edinburgh,  daughter  of  William  Inglis,  who 
was  descended  from  the  Earls  of  Buchan. 
Details  will  be  found  in  the  interesting 
Introduction,  by  H.  Baerlein,  to  '  Life  in 
Mexico,'  in  Dent's  "  Everyman's  Library." 

A.  G.  KEALY, 

Maltby,  Yorks.  Chaplain,  R.N.,  retd. 

AUTHOR  WANTED  (12  S.  x.   273). — Is  not  the 
quotation  derived  from  Juvenal's  tenth  satire  ? 
"  Evertere  domos  totas  optantibus  ipsis 

Di  faciles." 
Dryden  translates  : — 

"  Whole  houses  of  their  own  desires  possess'd 
Are  often  ruin'd  at  their  own  request." 

H.  MAYNARD  SMITH. 
8,  College  Green,  Gloucester. 


on 

Translations  of  Eastern  Poetry  and  Prose.  By 
Reynold  A.  Nicholson.  (Cambridge  University 
Press.  8s.  6d.  net.) 

DR.  NICHOLSON  in  his  Preface  tells  us  that 
his  choice  of  passages  for  this  collection  was 
guided  by  the  belief  that  translators  do  best 
in  translating  what  they  have  enjoyed.  The 
principle  has  served  him  well.  His  evident 
enjoyment  acts  in  a  useful  degree,  as  some  sub- 
stitute for  that  which  is  incommunicable,  even 
by  the  happiest  translation,  between  one  lan- 
guage and  another,  so  that  his  versions,  besides 
their  notable  elegance — we  would  use  that  old- 
fashioned  praise  in  its  earlier  and  ampler  sense — 
possess  their  own  vitality.  They  are,  in  fact,  so 
much  poems  in  their  own  right  that,  in  several 


places,  we  wished  Dr.  Nicholson  had  hearkened 
yet  more  closely  to  their  rhythm  and  music 
and  made  some  slight  alteration,  which,  without 
losing  the  meaning,  might  have  enhanced  their 
native  claim  as  poetry.  The  very  possibility 
of  such  a  wish  furnishes  a  justification  of  his 
decision  to  use  metre  for  rendering  the  poetry. 
There  are,  indeed,  many  passages  here  which 
would  almost  lose  significance  if  left  in  the  looser 
form  of  prose.  A  word  must  be  said  in  appre- 
ciation of  the  examples  which  imitate  the  Arabic 
metres,  of  a  few  instances  of  monorhyme,  of 
the  skilful  and  amusing  translations  of  Hariri, 
and.  in  general,  of  the  happy  choice  of  ordinary 
English  measures. 

The  selection  consists  of  175  passages,  taken 
from  about  fifty  authors  and  given  in  chrono- 
logical order,  with  a  brief  biographical  note 
at  the  head  of  each  group.  A  few  examples  may 
give  some  small  idea  of  the  riches  offered.  We 
have  Labid's  vivid  comparison,  with  simile  heaped 
on  simile,  between  the  camel  and  the  oryx  ;  an 
excellent  rendering  of  Sharra's  elegy ;  Ka'b's 
ode,  with  its  description  of  the  ideal  camel  ; 
the  dirges  of  Fari'a  and  Maisun,  each  a  sister 
mourning  for  her  brother ;  from  Firdausi  the 
story  of  Bizham  and  Manizha ;  from  Hafiz  a 
dozen  or  so  examples  very  delicately  rendered. 
The  specimens  of  gnomic  verse  are  particularly 
successful.  The  prose  is  perhaps  somewhat  less 
satisfactory  than  the  poetry.  It  might  be  main- 
tained that,  if  any  strict  fidelity  is  to  be  observed, 
Eastern  prose  is  more  difficult  to  translate  than 
Eastern  poetry,  in  that  the  difference  in  the 
working  of  the  mind  between  East  and  West 
becomes  more  apparent.  Five  illustrations  are 
provided — all  interesting,  and  one,  the  picture 
of  Faridu'ddin  'Attar,  which  can  only  be  called 
delicious. 

By  the  way,  the  word  "  lintel "  is  used  three  or 
four  times  in  the  sense  of  "  threshold."  Is  this 
deliberate  ?  And  is  there  authority  for  it  ? 

Social  TAfe  in  the  Days  of  Piers  Plowman.  By 
D.  Ohadwick.  (Cambridge  University  Press. 
10s.  6d.  net.) 

Miss  CHADWICK  has  provided  a  useful  summary 
of  what  may  be  gleaned  from  the  pages  of  '  Piers 
Plowman  '  of  fourteenth- century  life  and  manners. 
How  far  that  poem  faithfully  illustrates  the  his- 
tory of  the  time  is  a  matter  of  opinion.  The 
previous  volume  of  this  series — '  The  Pastons 
and  their  England  ' — is  based  on  the  celebrated 
Paston  Letters,  which  unquestionably  reflect 
the  life  of  the  fifteenth  century,  for  they  are  the 
actual  letters  which  passed  between  the  members 
of  a  family  living  partly  in  the  country  and 
partly  in  London.  They  are  particularly  rich  in 
illustration  of  the  social  customs  of  the  time, 
relations  of  parents  and  children,  marriage  and 
the  life  and  position  of  women  generally. 

Langland's  poem  is  naturally  different  from 
a  record  such  as  this.  It  is  the  work  of  a  strange 
being,  part  mystic,  part  reformer,  concerned 
more  with  the  abuses  he  descries  in  Church  and 
State  than  with  the  everyday  life  around  him. 
The  facts  to  be  gleaned  from  it  seem  to  us  neces- 
sarily to  give  a  somewhat  one-sided  picture  of 
the  life  of  the  period  ;  of  a  negative  rather  than 
a  positive  value.  The  defectiveness  might  have 
been  remedied  had  Miss  Chadwick  chosen  a 


340 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


different  method.  Her  plan  is  to  illustrate 
her  various  subjects — Government,  clergy  and 
religion,  country  and  town  life,  medieval  women 
— almost  exclusively  by  extracts  from  her  author  ; 
there  is  little  or  no  comment  or  evidence  from 
other  sources,  and  no  attempt  at  a  definite 
historical  background  into  relation  with  which 
the  events  of  the  poem  might  be  brought. 

Thus  we  have  a  statement  like  the  following 
regarding  the  secular  clergy,  each  sentence  being 
faithfully  referred  to  a  passage  of  the  poem  : 
"  Long  study  alone  achieved  the  coveted  titles 
of  '  doctor  '  and  '  master.'  Only  the  keenest 
students  were  likely  to  persevere  in  a  pursuit 
which  promised  little  worldly  success  or  fame. 
The  encouragement  offered  was  a  promise  of 
greater  insight,  and  ability  to  use  the  help  pro- 
vided by  the  Church.  The  fate  of  Lucifer 
warned  the  successful  student  of  the  reward  of 
ambition.  The  typical  medieval  student  was 
lean  and  of  downcast  countenance.  His  paradise 
was  the  school  (a  term  which  includes  also  the 
university)  at  which  friends  or  parents  supported 
him.  There  he  found  '  love  and  lownesse  and 
lykyng  to  lerne  '  and  '  bokes  to  rede.'  The 
unwilling  pupil  was  despised  and  his  studies 
were  stimulated  by  the  birch."  The  result,  we 
cannot  but  think,  is  trivial  and  unsatisfactory  ; 
it  reads  more  like  a  precis  than  a  serious  historical 
study. 

Paracelsus.     By    John    Maxson    Stillman.     (The 

Open  Court  Publishing  Company.  10s.  net.) 
THIS  is  a  careful,  pleasantly  written  and  sufficiently 
substantial  account  of  a  character  and  career 
which,  since  Browning  has  occupied  himself  with 
them,  have  a  distinct  interest  for  students  of 
English  letters,  and  which  have  also  a  permanent 
interest  for  the  student  of  the  history  of  science. 
Mr.  J.  M.  Stillman  has  acquainted  himself 
thoroughly  with  the  authorities  on  the  subject, 
and  with  the  works  of  Paracelsus,  and  gives  us 
a  clear  and  well- judging  account  of  the  principles 
by  which  the  imagination  of  Paracelsus  worked, 
as  well  as  of  the  nature  and  scope  of  the 
antagonism  between  him  and  the  orthodox 
philosophy  and  medicine  of  his  day.  The 
fantastic  element  in  his  thought,  his  obnoxious- 
ness  to  that  jealousy  of  the  learned  which  was 
notoriously  virulent  in  the  sixteenth  century, 
his  vagabond  course  of  life  and  the  posthumous 
misfortunes  whereby  he  has  unjustly  incurred 
charges  of  plagiarism,  have  made  Paracelsus  a 
more  picturesque,  repellent  and  enigmatic  Egure 
than  he  is  warranted  to  have  been  when  the 
labours  of  critical  biographers  -have  fixed  the 
truth  for  us.  He  played,  after  all,  no  incon- 
siderable part  in  the  development  of  science, 
and  is  worth  some  study  as  an  example  of  the 
advantages  and  disadvantages  of  eccentricity. 
Mention  must  be  made  of  the  numerous  and 
interesting  illustrations  brought  together  in  this 
volume. 

THE  substance  of  the  April  Quarterly  is  princi- 
pally biographical.  Perhaps  most  readers  will 
turn  first  to  Lord  Ernie's  discussion  of  the  new 
Byron  letters.  They  will  find  it  a  vigorous  piece 
of  work,  acute  both  in  sympathy  and  in  criticism. 
Lord  Esher,  in  his  'Studley  Royal,'  has  some 
generous  words  in  appreciation  of  the  new  vitality 


and  the  new  standard  and  scope  which  Mr. 
Lytton  Strachey  has  brought  into  biography — 
and  it  would  indeed  seem  that  he  himself  and 
!  the  other  writers  in  this  number  have  fallen  to 
'  their  work  with  some  fresh  and  lively  inspiration. 
I  Beside  the  account  of  Lord  Ripon  and  his 
family  and  circle  we  would  put  the  very  com- 
petent discussion  of  Lady  Gwendolen  Cecil's 
'  Life  of  Lord  Salisbury,'  by  an  unnamed  writer. 
Mr.  Chauncey  Ford  revives  for  us  characters  of 
a  curious  and  graceful  interest  in  his  paper  on  the 
Adams  family  ;  and  Sir  Frederick  Pollock,  out 
of  the  knowledge  derived  from  a  friendship  of  half 
a  century,  gives  us  a  noteworthy  study  of  the 
many-sided  intellect  and  varied  historical  and 
literary  work  of  James  Bryce.  Bismarck  litera- 
ture has  recently  been  increased  by  important 
works  on  his  relations  with  William  II.  and  the 
European  policy  of  his  last  years — on  these  Mr. 
George  Saunders  contributes  a  study.  Sir 
Julian  Corbett,  in  his  paper  on  Napoleon  and  the 
British  Navy  after  Trafalgar,  revises  the  usual 
judgment  on  the  naval  operations  at  that  p.eriod 
in  the  light  of  the  recent  war.  Students  of  modern 
French  literature  will  find  Mr.  Garnet  Smith's 
article  on  the  French  Drama  of  Manners  well 
worth  reading. 


STREET  NOISES  (see  ante,  p.  300). — Has  MB. 
OXENFOBD  tried  cotton  wool  ?  I  once  stayed 
for  a  few  days  at  a  pension  in  Rome,  where  I 
was  so  distracted  by  the  clamour  of  a  great 
number  of  German  women  all  talking  at  once 
at  the  very  tops  of  their  voices,  that  I  could  not 
possibly  enjoy  my  meals  until  I  stopped  my  ears 
with  cotton  wool.  This  had  the  desired  effect. 

J.  T.  F. 

Winterton,  Lines. 

MB.  J.  C.  OXENFOBD,  may  be  referring  to  the 
Armstrong-Mallock  ear- protectors  used  during  the 
war.  Try  any  surgical  instrument  maker  for  them, 
say,  Millikin  and  Lawley  of  the  Strand. 

A.  S.  E.  A. 


COBBIGENDUM. 

At  ante,  p.  47 — "  '  Castle  Daly'  and  Galway" 
— line  26  from  foot  of  page,  for  "  loughs  "  read 
locks. 


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NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


341 


LONDON.  MAY  6,  1922. 


CONTENTS.— No.   212. 

NOTES  :— Concerning  the  Grandfather  and  Father  of  Sir 
George  Etherege,  341— The  '  Red  Book '  of  Lynn.  344 — 
Whitechapel  as  an  East  London  Norfolk  Colony,  345— Two 
Fleet  Street  Taverns.  346 — An  Irishmaa's  Tomb  on  the 
Frontier  of  Afghanistan — Charles  Pigott.  Author  of  '  The 
Jockey  Club.'  347 — The  Game  of  Chess,  348 

QUERIES  :—"  Willoughby  and  his  Avisa  "— Blyth,  348— 
Esquire  and  Essayist — John  Tatham,  Dramatist  and  City 
Poet— The  Lytteltons  and  the  Popish  Plot— Captain  Stafford 
Bettesworth  Haines — 'The  King,  the  Bishop  and  the  Shep- 
herd ' — Clarence  Gordon  ("  Vieux  Moustache  ") — Vesa- 
lius,  349 — Hampshire  Folk-lore — Composers  of  Hymn- 
tunes— The  Rev.  George  Skene — Sir  Richard  Steynor — 
Blake — Bettesworth — Sir  Wm.  Henry  Clinton— Cane- 
bottomed  Chairs— Martin,  350 — Punch,  1885 — Authors 
wanted,  351. 

REPLIES :— Needham's  Point  Cemetery,  Barbados,  351— 
Rhymed  History  of  England,  352 — Carlings — Barrel  Organs 
in  Churches— Rope  of  Sand,  353— Henry  Howarth — Mary 
Seymour  :  Lady  Bushell,  354 — Beef  :  Effect  on  One's  Wit — 
"  Berwick  " — "  Sorencys  "—Peter  Ducasse — Wines — Racing 
Stable  Terms  :  Cosh — Fleet  Marriages  :  Registers,  355 — 
Knaves  Acre — Robert  ±Jurdett — Henry  Ellis  Boates  of 
Liverpool— The  Montfort  Families — Buried  Wine — Loftus — 
Captain  Skinner,  356 — Oldmixon— Descendants  of  Richard 
Penderell— The  Stars  and  Stripes— Charles  Alcock— Arms 
of  Mill  Hill  School— Palavicini  Arms,  357— Nevin  Family- 
John  and  Christopher  Wright — "  At  "  or  "  in  "  with  Place- 
names— Daniel  de  Ligne — Sir  Thomas  Phillipps — 'Peter 
Simple '  :  Naval  Slang,  358— Authors  wanted,  359. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :— '  The  Building  of  the  Cathedral  Church 
of  St.  Peter  in  Exeter '— '  On  the  Text  of  Abbo  of  Fleury's 
'  Quaestiones  Grammaticales ' — '  English  Prose  :  Landor 
to  Holmes ' — Journal  of  the  Society  of  Army  Historical  Re- 
search— Annals  of  Archaeology  and  Anthropology. 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


CONCERNING     THE     GRANDFATHER 

AND    FATHER    OF    SIR    GEORGE 

ETHEREGE. 

IN  The  Times  Literary  Supplement  of  Feb. 
16,  1922,  a  lawsuit  was  described  that  had 
to  do  with  George  Etherege,  the  future 
dramatist,  his  grandfather  and  father,  both 
of  the  same  name,  of  Maidenhead,  Berks. 
In  the  course  of  this  lawsuit  of  1656  the 
grandfather  stated  that  his  oldest  son, 
George  Etherege,  then  deceased,  was  in 
July,  1628,  "  a  young  man  unmarried  about 
the  age  of  21  years  and  was  resident  beyond 
the  seas  at  the  island  of  Bermudus." 
Further  information  has  come  to  light 
concerning  the  Etherege  connexion  with 
Bermuda  and  the  grandfather's  interest 
in  Virginia  as  well. 

After  the  pioneering  efforts  of  the  earliest 
Virginia  Company  to  colonize  in  and  trade 
with  America,  subsequent  to  the  grant  of 
Letters  Patent,  April  10,  1606,  by  James  I., 
the  Company  saw  the  need  for  reorganization 
and  applied  for  new  Letters  Patent  ex- 
tending their  powers.  A  new  charter  was 


signed  and  sealed  by  the  King  on  May  239 
1609.  The  659  names  of  the  members  of 
the  Company,  residents  in  or  near  London, 
are  incorporated  in  the  charter,  and  among 
them  is  that  of  "  George  Etheridge,  gen- 
tleman "  (W.  R.  Scott,  *  Joint-Stock  Com- 
panies to  1720,'  Cambridge,  1910,  vol.  ii., 
pp.  246-49  ;  A.  Brown,  '  The  Genesis  of 
the  United  States,'  London,  1890,  vol.  i., 
pp.  52,  208,  221). 

In  the  '  Brief  Biographies '  at  the  end 
of  '  The  Genesis,'  vol.  ii.,  p.  887,  Brown 
gives  that  of 

Etheridge  (or  Etherege),  George,  gent.,  .  .  . 
(of  Maydenhed,  in  County  Berks,  whose  daughter 
married  William  Canning,  of  Elsenham,  Essex, 
oldest  son  of  William  Canning). 

The  older  Canning  is  described  by  Brown 
as  "of  Bashingshaw  Blackwell  Hall," 
London,  a  holder  of  patented  lands  in 
Co.  Derry,  Ireland,  a  member  of  the  East 
India  Company,  deputy  governor  of  the 
Bermuda  Islands  Company,  master  of  the 
Ironmongers  in  London  in  1617  and  1627, 
elected  a  director  of  the  Virginia  Company 
of  London,  April  28,  1619  (ibid.,  ii.,  p.  842). 

There  is  extant  the  subscription  list, 
circulated  late  in  1610  and  early  in  1611, 
"  of  such  as  have  signed  with  the  somes  of 
money  by  them  adventured  on  3  yeares 
towardes  the  supply  of  the  Plantation 
begonne  in  Virginia."  Under  the  heading 
*  Citizens  and  Others '  appears  "  George 
Etheridge,"  who  subscribed  £37  10s.  (ibid., 
i.,  p.  468). 

Of  the- 142  citizens  and  others  [Brown  states], 
nearly  all  were  leading  men  of  affairs  of  that  day, 
merchants,  &c.  .  .  .  All  of  the  subscribers 
must  have  been  persons  of  considerable  means, 
as  the  smallest  subscription  was  £37  10s.,  a  sum 
nearly  equal  to  one  thousand  dollars  present 
value  (ibid.,  i.,  pp.  465-6). 

The  value  of  one  share  was  £12  10s.  (ibid., 
ii.,  p.  549,  footnote).  This  entitled  the 
holder  to  participate  in  the  profits  of  the 
joint  stock  and  in  the  land  when  distributed. 
Thus  Etherege  subscribed  for  three  shares. 

The  division  of  land  intended  in  1616 
seems  not  to  have  taken  place  until  1619 
(P.  A.  Bruce,  '  Economic  History  of  Vir- 

?'nia  in  the  Seventeenth  Century,'  New 
ork,  1896,  vol.  i.,  pp.  503-4). 
The  first  instalment  of  this  division  was  to  be 
50  acres  per  share,  and  the  same  amount  to 
adventurers  of  their  persons.  Ultimately  the 
dividend  of  land  was  arranged  on  the  basis  of 
100  acres  per  share,  as  a  first  division.  On  the 
adventurer  settling  the  land  so  obtained,  he 
received  another  100  acres,  together  with  an 
addition  of  50  acres  for  each  person  he  transported 
to  his  estate  (Scott,  op.  cit.,  vol.  ii.,  p.  255). 


342 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [12  S.X.MAY 6,1022. 


Etherege' s  name  does  not  appear  in  the 
1626  list  of  landowners  in  the  Appendix 
to  J.  D.  Burk's  '  History  of  Virginia ' 
(Petersburg,  Va.,  1804-16). 

State  Librarian  H.  R.  Mcllwaine,  of  the 
Virginia  State  Library,  Richmond,  Va., 
writes  me  : — 

The  records  do  not  state  exactly  what  land,  if 
any,  was  given  to  George  Etheridge.  I  very 
much  doubt  if  any  was  actually  assigned  him. 
If  assigned,  how  long  he  kept  it,  or  his  heirs 
kept  it,  and  to  whom  it  passed,  cannot  be  dis- 
covered from  such  records  as  have  been  pre- 
served. 

But  Etherege  does  appear  among  '  The 
Names  of  the  Aduenturers  for  Virginia, 
Alphabetically  set  downe  according  to  a 
printed  Booke,  set  out  by  the  Treasurer 
and  Councell  in  this  present  yeere,  1620,' 
given  in  Capt.  John  Smith's  '  Generall  His- 
torie  of  Virginia,'  &c.,  1624  (Capt.  John 
Smith,  '  Works,'  edited  by  E.  Arber,  West- 
minster, 1895,  Part  II.,  p.  553).  Smith 
was  probably  excerpting  from  '  A  Declara- 
tion of  the  State  of  the  Colonie  and  Affaires 
in  Virginia :  with  The  Names  of  the  Ad- 
uenturers, and  Summes  aduentured  in  that 
Action,'  London,  1620  (reprinted  by  Peter 
Force,  '  Tracts  and  Other  Papers,'  Wash- 
ington, 1844,  vol.  iii.,  No.  5).  '  The  Names 
of  the  Aduenturers,  with  thtir  seuerall 
sums  aduentured,  paid  [my  italics]  to  Sir 
Thomas  Smith,  Knight,  late  Treasurer  of 
the  company  for  Virginia '  are  here  also 
set  down  alphabetically,  and  the  last  entry 
under  E  is  "  George  Etheridge  .  .  . 
£62  10s."  This  sum  entitled  Etherege  to 
five  shares  (ibid.,  No.  5,  p.  25). 

His  continued  interest  in  the  affairs  of 
the  Virginia  Company  is  attested  by  his 
presence  at  their  meetings  in  London  in 
1622,  1623  and  1624.  He  is  listed  as  among 
those  present  "at  a  Court  held  for  Vir- 
ginia "  on  Nov.  22,  1622,  on  Jan.  29, 
Feb.  5  and  12,  Mar.  7  and  24,  Apr.  12,  23 
and  25,  May  12,  June  9,  1623  ;  on  Feb.  2, 
Apr.  21,  1624 ;  and  at  hpw  many  other 
meetings  it  is  impossible  to  say,  as  the  list 
of  those  in  attendance  frequently  ends 
"  wto  diuers  others "  ('  The  Records  of 
the  Virginia  Company  of  London ;  The 
Court  Book,  from  the  Manuscript  in  the 
Library  of  Congress,'  edited  by  S.  M.  Kings- 
bury,  Washington,  1906,  vol.  ii.,  pp.  142, 
180,  245,  263,  318,  334,  346,  371,  378,  414, 
436,  506,  518). 

Etherege  seems  to  have  been  among  those 
who  had  faith  in  the  Company  and  its 
projects.  The  best  account  of  its  vicis- 


situdes is  by  W.  R.  Scott  in  his  '  Joint  - 
Stock  Companies  to  1720,'  vol.  ii.,  pp. 
246-89.  By  1618,  he  says  : — 

Out  of  a  total  membership  of  close  on  1,000 
probably  more  than  three-quarters  had  long 
considered  the  scheme  to  be  impracticable,  and 
many  of  these  had  not  paid  up  the  full  amounts 
due  on  their  snares  (ibid.,  ii.,  p.  268). 

From  1622  on  the  Company  was  split  into 
factions  over  various  questions,  but  prin- 
cipally by  the  struggle  for  ascendancy 
between  two  parties  within  its  ranks.  The 
condition  of  the  Colony  itself  was  neglected 
in  these  controversies.  After  the  1622 
Virginia  massacre,  complaint  of  neglect  and 
of  quarrels  in  the  Court  meetings  was 
made  to  the  Privy  Council,  which  appointed 
a  Commission  to  investigate.  The  Crown 
recommended  a  reorganization  and  new 
charter  under  which  the  Company  was  to 
be  controlled  by  a  Governor  and  twelve 
assistants  nominated  by  the  King.  The 
members  could  not  agree  on  acceptance  or 
rejection  of  these  terms.  James  decided 
to  take  into  his  own  hands  "  the  thorny 
business  of  Virginia,"  and,  as  the  Attorney- 
General  had  in  1623  declared  there  were 
grounds .  for  dissolving  the  Virginia  Com- 
pany, dissolved  it.  The  announcement  of 
this  dissolution  by  the  Crown  was  made  by 
proclamation  dated  May  13,  1625.  In  June 
the  King  appointed  a  Council  for  the 
governing  of  the  Colony. 

In  1625  George  Etherege,  grandfather  of 
the  dramatist,  must  have  been  about  49 
years  old,  if,  in  1656,  he  was,  according  to 
the  lawsuit  referred  to,  "  about  eighty  yeares 
of  age." 

N  The  Bermuda  Islands  or  Somers  Islands 
Company  proved  more  directly  lucrative. 
One  of  the  vessels  of  Gates's  1609  expedition, 
that  commanded  by  Sir  George  Somers, 
suffered  shipwreck  on  Bermuda.  The  crew 
were  much  attracted  by  the  plentiful  pro- 
vender of  wild  hogs  and  birds,  fish  in  abun- 
dance and  by  the  mild  climate  of  the  unin- 
habited island.  After  they  had  reached 
Virginia  in  cedar  boats  of  their  own  making, 
reports  of  the  desirable  character  of  the 
island  reached  London  in  due  course.  In 
1611  the  company  talked  of  building  a 
fortification  there  as  an  outpost  against 
Spain,  which  was  viewing  Virginia  coloniza- 
tion with  jealous  eyes,  but  there  was  no 
money  for  this  additional  enterprise  (ibid.,  ii., 
pp.  259-60).  In  January,  1612,  an  "  under  - 
company  "  was  formed  calling  itself  "  Under- 
takers for  the  Plantation  of  the  Somers 
Islands."  But  it  was  then  discovered  that 


12  S.  X.  MAY  6,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


343 


the  Virginia  Company  had  no  legal  right  to  lop.  cit.,  ii.,  p.  662).  To-day  these  names 
the  islands,  as  they  were  outside  the  100-mile  and  the  limits  of  the  tribes  are  retained  in 
limit  from  the  sea-coast  allowed  to  them,  the  present  division  of  the  islands  into 
The  new  1612  charter,  extending  their  con-  parishes.  "  The  names  of  the  Aduenturers, 
trol  to  a  300-mile  limit,  enabled  them  to  sell  and  their  Shares  in  euery  Tribe,  according  to 
their  interest  in  the  Bermudas  to  the  new  j  the  suruey,  and  the  best  information  yet 
Company  for  £2,000  in  November,  1612.  I  ascertained  of  any  of  their  alterations  "  were 


The  financing  of  the  new  Company  was 
greatly  assisted  by  the  discovery  of  a  large 
quantity  of  ambergris  on  the  island,  worth 
in  London  7 5s. -60s.  an  ounce,  and  netting 
the  shareholders  about  £6,000.  Pearls  were 
also  found,  which  assisted  in  capitalizing 
the  Company  (ibid.,  ii.,p.  261).  The  largest 
island  was  fortified  and  colonization  begun. 
So  prosperous  was  the  Colony  in  1613  that 
it  had  not  been  difficult  to  raise  the  £20,000 


set  down  after  the  "  diuision  of  the  Summer 
Isles  into  Tribes,  by  Master  Richard  Nor- 
wood, Surueyor,  1618."  Under  "  Pagits 
Tribe  "  appears  "  Master  George  Etheridge 
4  shares  "  (Smith,  op.  cit.,  ii.,  p.  664  ; 
Lefroy,  op.  cit.,  i.,  p.  142).  A  map  of  1622, 
reprinted  as  a  frontispiece  to  Scott's  '  Joint  - 
Stock  Companies  to  1720,'  vol.  ii.,  shows 
the  tribes  divided  into  allotments.  Etherege's 
four  shares  are  numbered  13  in  "  Pagets 


which  was  spent  on  the  islands  before  the  I  Tribe,"  between  allotments  12  and  14.     The 

key  at  the  base  of  the  map  under      Pagets 

m    *i~      5  5    !     « 


end  of  1614,  by  which  time  the  Colony 
numbered  600  persons  (ibid.,  ii.,  p.  262). 
Regular  meetings  were  held  in  London  and 
a  Court  Book  opened  by  Dec.  3,  1613. 
All  was  then  ready  for  a  survey  and  division 
of  the  land,  but  to  assure  a  legal  status  for 
the  Colony  the  islands  were  surrendered  to 
the  Crown  and  granted  to  the  Governor  and 
Company  of  the  City  of  London,  for  the 
Plantation  of  the  Somers  Islands  by  a 
charter  dated  June  29,  1615.  Among  the 
names  of  the  "  Originall  Aduenturers,"  118 
in  number,  the  58th  is  that  of  "  Etheridge, 
George  "  (J.  H.  Lefroy,  '  Memorials  of  the 
Discovery  and  Early  Settlement  of  the 
Bermudas  or  Somers  Islands,  1515-1685,' 
London,  1877,  vol.  i.,  p.  99). 

The  inefficient  government  of  the  islands 
in  1615  was  ended  by  the  arrival  of  Daniel 
Tucker  as  Governor  of  the  Bermudas.  Under 
him  the  islands  were  surveyed  and  the  land 
divided.  In  all  400  shares  had  been  issued ; 
•each  share  was  to  consist  of  25  acres  and 
the  distribution  was  to  be  by  lot.  The  rest  of 
the  land  was  held  as  public  to  meet  the 
public  expenses.  The  available  10,000  acres 
for  division  were  divided  into  1,250  acre 
units  called  "  tribes,"  named  after  the  most 
distinguished  early  adventurers  who  had 
adventured  10  shares  each.  The  tribes  were  : 
Bedford  (becoming  Hamilton  by  transfer- 
ence of  shares),  Smythe,  Cavendish  (becoming 
Devonshire),  Pagett,  Pembroke,  Mansefield 
(becoming  Warwick),  Southampton  and 
Sandys,  "  in  the  honours  of  the  Right 
honorable  the  Marquis  Hamilton,  Sir  Thomas 
Smith,  the  Earle  of  Deuonshire,  the  Earle 
of  Pembroke,  the  Lord  Pagit,  the  Earle  of 
Southampton  and  Sir  Edwin  Sand[y]s  " 
(Scott,  op.  cit.,  ii.,  p.  264  ;  Capt.  J.  Smith, 


Tribe  "  gives 


shares. 
..    2 
..    4 
..    2 

.    1 


12  M.  Lewes 

13  M.  Geo.  Etheridg    .. 

14  Incognita 

15  Si.  William  W[a]de 

In  November,  1620,  the  Virginia  Company, 
in  consideration  of  the  small  acreage  of  the 
Bermuda  Islands,  granted  to  the  share- 
holders in  the  Bermuda  Company  45,000 
acres  in  Virginia,  5,000  of  these  acres  to  be 
public  land.  When,  in  1639,  the  population 
of  the  Bermudas  had  increased  to  such  an 
extent  that  the  land  showed  signs  of  over- 
cultivation,  a  request  was  made  for  an 
increased  grant  in  Virginia  (Scott,  op.  cit.,  ii., 
pp.  275,  292).  At  the  close  of  Tucker's 
governorship  the  island  was  in  a  flourishing 
condition,  with  tobacco  proving  very  profit- 
able. Much  of  the  land  was  worked  on.  a 
system  of  equal  division  of  profits  between 
owner  and  tenant.  A  "  Magazine,"  a  sub- 
sidiary joint -stock  like  the  Virginia  Magazine, 
had  been  formed  to  undertake  the  providing 
of  necessary  supplies  to  the  colonists  and 
transportation  (ibid.,  ii.,  p.  264). 

The  Bermuda  Company  suffered  from  the 
issues  and  disputes  that  embroiled  the  Vir- 
ginia Company  from  1618-25,  as  so  many  of 
its  governing  board  and  shareholders  were 
officials  and  shareholders  in  the  older  com- 
pany. The  1619-24  Court  Book  of  the 
Virginia  Company  records  the  following 
meetings,  when  a  Court  for  the  Somers 
Islands  preceded  or  followed  the  Virginia 
Court,  where  the  list  of  those  present  in- 
cludes the  name  of  "  Mr.  Etheridge,"  Nov. 
22,  1622  ;  Feb.  5  and  12,  April  12, 
1623  (Kirgsbury,  op.  cit.,  ii.,  pp.  141,  246, 
263,  346).  These  were  the  times  of  stormy 


344 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         c  12  s.x.  HAYB.UH. 


sessions  resembling  "  cock-pits  rather  than 
courts  "  (Scott,  op.  cit.,  ii.,  p.  283).  The 
result  was  that  the  King  ordered,  on  May  20, 
1623,  that  the  Somers  Islands  Company 
should  henceforth  hold  separate  meetings. 
This  Company  was  suffered  to  remain  as  it 
was  after  the  dissolution  of  the  Virginia 
Company  because  of  the  wholesome  relations 
between  the  shareholders  in  London  and 
the  tenants  on  the  plantations  (ibid.,  ii., 
p.  290).  D.  FOSTER. 

Mount  Holyoake  College,  South  Hadley,  Mass., 
U.S.A.  {To  be  conciuded.) 


THE  '  RED  BOOK  '  OF  LYNN. 

THE  late  Mr.  Cordy  Jeaffreson,  who  wrote 
for  the  Historical  Manuscripts  Commission 
the  Report  on  the  MSS.  of  the  Borough  of 
King's  Lynn,  prefaces  it  with  these  words  : 
"  Few  of  our  provincial  boroughs  possess 
muniments  of  greater  value  to  the  con- 
stitutional historian  than  the  manuscripts 
to  which  public  attention  is  here  invited." 
This  is  so  admittedly  true  that  it  is  un- 
necessary to  labour  the  point  ;  but  un- 
fortunately the  '  Red  Book,'  the  crowning 
•antiquarian  glory  of  Lynn,  is  conspicuous 
by  its  absence.  It  was  thought  to  have 
been  discovered  a  few  weeks  back  by  one 
of  our  local  antiquaries  in  the  vaults  of  the 
British  Museum,  but  a  closer  examination 
of  the  book  has  dispelled  our  hopes  in  this 
direction.  The  main  object  of  this  note 
is  to  draw  attention  to  the  fact  that  it  is 
still  missing  from  the  municipal  archives, 
in  the  hope  that  by  great  good  fortune 
it  may  perchance  have  found  its  way  into 
one  of  our  private  libraries,  and — with  the 
friendly  cooperation  of  your  readers — may 
be  restored  to  its  rightful  ownership. 

That  such  fortune  does  sometimes  fall 
our  way  is  within  the  experience  of  this 
borough.  The  first  of  its  big  Hall  Books 
was  for  long  missing,  but  when  found 
reposing  in  a  neighbouring  library  was 
promptly  returned.  Another  valuable  book 
on  vellum  was  many  years  ago  "  spotted  " 
in  a  bookseller's  catalogue  by  a  friend, 
who  purchased  it  and  presented  it  to  the 
town.  Much  as  we  rejoice  in  these  re- 
storations, our  jubilation  would  be  infinitely 
greater,  and  our  gratitude  altogether  un- 
bounded, if  the  '  Red  Book  '  were  restored 
to  its  ancient  fold.  This  book  has  been 
generally  confused  with  the  '  Red  Register,' 
which  is  claimed  by  some  to  be  the  oldest 
paper  book  in  the  kingdom,  and  which 


happily  is  still  in  the  archives  of  the  cor- 
poration. This  latter  was  called  the  '  Great 
Town  Book  '  up  to  the  time  when  Francis 
Blomefield  inspected  the  Lynn  manuscripts. 
This  was  in  1738.  It  then  had  a  strong 
black  binding  with  a  thin  red  cover  over 
it,  and  Blomefield  gave  it  its  present  title. 
Though  Harrod,  our  local  antiquary,  on 

ep.  104  and  105  of  his  '  Report  on  the 
eeds  and  Records  of  the  Borough  of  King's 
Lynn,'  draws  attention  to  the  fact  that  the 
'  Red  Book  '  there  referred  to  is  not  the 
'  Red  Register,'  it  has  only  recently  become 
generally  known  that  the  one  is  distinct 
from  the  other.  The  former  contained  the 
Charters  and  Memoranda  of  the  corporation 
commencing  early  in  the  reign  of  Edward 
III.,  and  continuing  at  least  into  the  reign 
of  Richard  II.  More  than  this  one  cannot 
say,  but  even  this  is  sufficient  to  assure 
us  of  its  importance,  for  it  covered  a  very 
interesting  period  in  the  municipal  history 
of  the  borough,  and  its  discovery  would  be 
of  immense  value,  not  only  locally,  but 
as  bearing  generally  on  the  social  history 
of  that  period.  I  have  found  several 
references  to  it  from  1340  to  1550.  On  one 
occasion  it  is  ordered  to  be  carried  to  counsel 
at  Thetford  to  assist  the  town  in  one  of 
the  many  suits  in  which  it  was  engaged. 
In  another  it  is  referred  to  as  "  an  old 
book  in  a  red  closyer,  containing  the  Acts 
of  the  Corporation  in  the  reign  of  Edward 
III.,"  and  I  am  acquainted  with  the  tenor 
of  five  of  the  ordinances  which  are  stated 
to  be  therein  recorded. 

As  to  the  manner  of  its  loss  I  can  aay 
nothing,  though  it  may  reasonably  be  sus- 
pected that  it  was  allowed  to  be  carried 
off  by  Francis  Blomefield  in  order  to  assist 
him  in  his  County  History,  and  that  with 
many  other  treasures  thus  accumulated  it 
passed  at  his  death  into  the  hands  of 
"  honest  Tom  Martin."  Many  of  our  Nor- 
folk towns  suffered  in  this  way. 

The  recent  transfer  to  the  United  States 
of  the  volume  known  as  the  '  Wakefielcl 
Mysteries  '  should  stir  those  of  us  who 
value  our  municipal  treasures  to  take 
such  steps  as  may  be  open  to  us  to  render 
them  secure.  A  short  Act  of  Parliament 
would  be  the  best  preservative,  but,  failing 
that,  individual  effort  still  remains,  and 
one  may  even  appeal  to  the  patriotism  that 
is  latent  in  all  of  us  when  an  irreplaceable 
treasure  stands  in  danger  of  being  lost  to 
the  country.  HOLCOMBE  INGLEBY, 

Mayor  of  King's  Lynn. 


12  S.  X.  MAY  6,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND   QUERIES. 


345 


WHITECHAPEL  AS  AN  EAST  LONDON 

NORFOLK  COLONY. 

IT  will  no  doubt  startle  many  if  I  seriously 
put  forward  the  probability  that  the  White  - 
chapel  we  now  know  takes  its  name  from  a 
soke  or  jurisdiction  called  Blancheapelton, 
owned  soon  after  the  Norman  Conquest  by 
a  Norman  family  who  at  the.  same  time  also 
held  in  the  Norfolk  village  of  Applet  on  near 
Lynn,  on  the  Sandringham  estate,  the  Hall 
of  which  is  now  occupied  by  the  King  and 
Queen  of  Norway. 

Peter  de  Valoines,  born  about  1035,  called 
by  some  the  nephew  of  the  Conqueror,  was 
certainly  a  great  favourite  with  him,  and 
received  many  possessions  from  him.  He 
married  Albreda,  sister  of  Eudo  dapifer,  the 
daughter  of  a  man  who,  on  or  before  the  Con- 
quest, held  a  plot  of  land  in  Cheapside  in 
London,  on  which  was  born  Thos.  a  Becket, 
afterwards  a  protege  of  Theobald  de  Valoines, 
whom  I  think  I  have  identified  with 
Theobald,  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury  (see 
Genealogist,  N.S.,  xxxviii.,  Oct.,  1921).  Peter 
was  by  marriage  allied  to  Wm.  de  Mandeville, 
son  of  the  first  Geoffrey,  both  of  whom  held 
the  Tower  of  London.  He  held  a  lordship  in 
Appleton  in  Norfolk,  which  was  valued  with 
the  lordship  of  Dersingham  ('  Bl.  N.,'  viii.,  p. 
320).  This  lordship  he  sub-granted  to  the 
Priory  of  Flitcham  (ibid.,  p.  410),  which 
Priory  had  been  founded  by  Sir  Robert 
Aguillon  (who,  I  suspect,  was  of  the  same 
family  as  the  de  PAigle,  Becket 's  patron)  and 
was  helped  by  the  Beaufoys,  kinsmen  of 
Peter's  wife. 

Now  less  than  a  century  after  the  founda- 
tion of  Binham  we  find  that  in  1177  Robert  de 
Valoines  confirmed  to  the  Canons  of  the 
Holy  Trinity,  Aldgate,  a  grant  made  by 
David  de  Cornhella  (Cornhill  ?)  of  land  in 
"  Blanches  Apeltuna,"  which  was  within  his 
soke  of  the  said  city.  It  is  most  noticeable 
that  one  of  the  witnesses  to  this  deed  was  a 
Richard  Aguillun,  which  seems  a  strong  cor- 
roboration  of  the  view  I  have  just  put 
forward. 

The  deed  will  be  found  in  Ancient  Deeds, 
P.R.O.,  7295,  and.  is  entered  "  Staning 
Chirch,"  which  from  the  Hustings  Wills 
would  seem  to  be  the  same  as  All  Hallows 
Staining. 

This  is  the  first  mention  I  find  of  Blanche 
Apelton,  and  its  being  held  by  one  of  the 
Valoines  family  who  held  in  Appleton  in 
Norfolk.  Besides  this  I  also  find  that 
another  Norfolk  family,  viz.,  de  Vaux  or  de 
Vallibus,  also  held  both  in  Blanchappleton 


and  in  the  Norfolk  village  of  Appleton. 
See  Inq.  ;p .m.,  15  Ed.  I.,  No.  653,  p.  404,  where 
a  messuage  in  London  called  Blaunch 
Apelton  is  specially  named.  This  eventually 
passed  by  marriage  to  the  family  of  Roos  of 
Hamlak.  It  seems  to  me  almost  im- 
possible that  two  Norfolk  families  who  both 
owned  land  in  an  obscure  Norfolk  village 
called  Appleton  should  also  accidentally  both 
hold  in  Blanchappleton  in  London.  The 
chances  against  this  double  coincidence  being 
accidental  are  so  enormous  that  we  are 
irresistibly  drawn  to  the  conclusion  that  the 
London  Blanch  Appelton,  afterwards  White- 
chapel,  took  its  name  from  the  Norfolk 
village. 

The  Court  of  Blaunch  Apelton  occurs  in 
1286  as  owning  suit  and  service  of  some 
Hertfordshire  land  (Inq.  p.m.,  14  Ed.  I.,  No. 
602,  p.  357  of  Calendar)  ;  and  again  in  1289 
of  some  Enfield  land  (Inq.  p.m.,  17  Ed.  I.,  No. 
719,p.442).  Also  in  1296  and  1322undertwo 
Inquisitions  post  mortem  and  ad  quod  damn  : 
25  Ed.  I.,  No.  57,  and  16  Ed.  II.,  No.  87, 
and  in  1353  and  1358. 

In  1383  the  Manor  of  Blanch  Apelton  is 
said  to  be  a  manor  belonging  to  Sir  Thos.  Roos 
of  Hamlak,  and  to  stand  on  the  north-east 
corner  of  Mark  Lane  (Stow,  reprint  Kings- 
ford,  i.,  p.  149). 

As  to  the  actual  origin  of  the  name,  I 
thought  at  first  that  it  was  from  some  lady 
bearing  the  Christian  name  of  Blanche  to 
whom  the  manor,  soke  or  mansion  house 
might  have  been  allotted  in  dower  or  other- 
wise, e.g.,  to  Blanche,  daughter  of  Henry  II. 
But  as  this  Blanche  was  married  in  1200  she 
could  not  have  given  her  name  to  a  place 
which  was  called  Blanche  Apelton  in  1177. 
Nor  could  Blanche  of  Champagne,  who  died 
1282,  have  done  so.  At  one  time  it  certainly 
had  to  do  with  the  Crown,  for  Blanche  of 
Navarre,  daughter  of  Robert,  Earl  of  Artois, 
who  died  in  1302,  having  married  first  Henry, 
King  of  Navarre  (who  died  1274)  and 
secondly  Edmund  Crouchback,  Earl  of 
Lancaster,  the  King's  brother,  claimed 
dower  of  Blancheapelton  in  1298  (Rolls  of 
Parl.,  i.,  p.  438).  Again  in  1420  the  mes- 
suage or  hospitium  called  Blanch  Apelton  in 
London  was  assigned  in  dower  to  Katharine, 
the  King's  mother  (ibid.,  iv.,  p.  187a). 

Everything  turns  on  the  correctness  of 
the  date  1177  ascribed  to  the  deed  by  the 
P.R.O.  authorities,  as  it  may  be  open  to 
those  who  are  so  fond  of  considering  many  old 
charters  to  be  monkish  forgeries  to  allege  that 
this  is  one  of  that  class. 


346 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[12  S.  X.MAY  6,  19L-2. 


There  are  many  place-names  in  England 
beginning  with  Blanch,  some  of  which  may 
take  their  names  from  the  white  stone  of 
which  they  were  built,  e.g.,  Blancminster 
(cf.  Whitechurch,  &c.),  and  Blancheflower, 
the  alleged  old  name  of  Norwich  Castle  (cf. 
also  the  White  Tower  in  the  Tower  of 
London,  White  Hall,  &c.). 

But  there  are  others,  of  which  Blanch  - 
applet  on  is  one,  which  are  probably  so 
called  from  some  place  or  family,  e.g.  : — 

1.  Blanchbuling  (Pipe  Roll,  20  Hy.  III.). 

2.  Blanch.gern.on      (Documents      relating      to 

France). 

3.  Blancagnel  (ibid.). 

4.  Blanchland  (ibid.). 

5.  Blanquefort  (ibid.). 

6.  Blanchfrount  (Feudal  Aids)  and  Blaunfront 

(Ancient  Deeds). 

7.  Blankpeyne  (Feudal  Aids). 

8.  Blaunchville  (Ancient  Deeds). 

9.  Blaunchard  (ibid.). 

Of  these  (1)  may  be  Blanch  Boulogne, 
(2)  Blanch  Gernon  and  (3)  Blanche  Agnel, 
while  (7),  Blankpeyne,  may  be  an  old  reading 
of  Whitebread. 

Blanche  may  after  all  be  the  same  as  the 
Scotch  "  blanch  holdings  "  which,  according 
to  Tomlins's  '  Law  Dictionary,'  is  a  tenure 
in  which  the  duty  payable  was  nominal  and 
only  payable  if  required,  the  tenants  being 
practically  "  whitewashed "  of  liability. 
"  Quit  "  rent  may  be  another  reading  of 
"  white  "  rent.  Of  course  "  white  "  or  "  deal- 
bated"  silver  is  a  totally  different  thing. 

A  sub-question  and  an  interesting  one  is, 
when  do  we  find  the  "  Whitechapel "  as  a 
district  in  East  London.  I  do  not  see  how 
"  White  Chapel "  can  get  its  name  except 
from  a  mistaken  reading  of  this  Blanche 
Appleton.  I  can  trace  no  chapel,  white  or 
otherwise.  The  name  of  Whitechapel 
itself  occurs  first  in  1321/2,  when  Wm.  de 
White  Chapele  sold  old  clothes  in  Cornhill 
(London  Letter  Book  E,  p.  157).  It 
occurs  again  in  1354  (32  Ed.  III.)  in  con- 
nexion with  John  de  Stodey  as  to  premises 
in  the  parish  of  St.  Mary  de,  Whitechapel 
without  Aldgate  (Feet  of  Fines,  London  and 
Middlesex,  No.  158).  This,  I  take  it,  is 
St.  Mary  Mat  felon. 

As  late  as  18  Hy.  VII.  (1502/3),  in  the 
Inq.  p.m.  (No.  357)  of  Thos.  Pygot,  we  find 
mention  of  a  messuage  in  the  parish  of  St. 
Mary  Matfelon,  otherwise  called  White  Chapel 
parish  of  the  Bishop  of  London.  In  1568 
(11  Eliz.)  Whitechapel  is  said  to  be  within  the 
Lordship  of  Stepney  (A.  Deed,  No.  12,811). 

The  Pygots  had  held  of  Blaunchapelton 
Court  in  1296.  WALTER  RYE. 


TWO  FLEET  STREET  TAVERNS. 

I.  THE  KING'S  HEAD  TAVERN. 
MR.    BELL'S    description   of   this  house,    in 
his    '  Fleet    Street   in    Seven    Centuries,'    at 
p.  496,  runs  : — 

The  King's  Head,  near  Chancery  Lane,  by 
its  swinging  signboard  displayed  to  all  Fleet 
Street  the  large  features,  full-faced,  of  King 
Henry  the  Eighth,  which  are  repeated  on  the 
landlord's  token.  .  .  .  The  tavern  has  been 
assumed  to  be  the  old  timber-framed  and  carved 
house  that  stood  at  Chancery  Lane's  western 
corner. 

After  giving  his  reasons  for  not  accepting 
"  the  antique  corner  house  made  familiar 
by  J.  T.  Smith's  print,  and  represented  in 
substantially  all  editions  of  Walton's  '  Com- 
pleat  Angler,'  as  being  the  King's  Head 
Tavern  at  all,  Mr.  Bell  concludes  : — 

I  feel  confident  that  the  popular  ascription  is 
wrong,  and  that  the  King's  Head  stood  a  little 
farther  west  towards  Temple  Bar. 

If  it  be  generally  supposed — as  stated  in 
Beresford  Chancellor's  '  Fleet  Street,'  p. 
259,  and  Shelley's  '  Inns  and  Taverns,'  p.  92 
— that  the  King's  Head  was  at  the  western 
corner  of  Chancery  Lane — that  is,  where 
Messrs.  Attenborough's  premises  stand — 
Mr.  Bell  is  fully  justified  in  not  accepting 
this  locus,  because  the  map  of  Fleet  Street 
in  Rocque's  '  Survey  '  marks  "  King's 
Head  Tavern  "  in  the  plainest  of  lettering 
as  at  the  eastern  corner — that  is,  on  the  site 
of  Messrs.  Partridge  and  Cooper's  show- 
rooms— with  entrances  both  from  Fleet 
Street  and  from  Chancery  Lane. 

Rocque  scarcely  needs  confirming,  but 
the  following  advertisement  of  25  years 
earlier  emphasizes  the  fact  that  the  King's 
Head  stood  at  one  corner  or  the  other  : — 

Daily  Courant,  Nov.  19,  1720. — Left  in  a 
Hackney  Coach  which  took  up  a  gentleman 
next  door  to  the  King's  Head  in  Pall  Mall, 
about  a  quarter  after  3  on  Tuesday  the  1st 
instant,  and  set  him  down  in  Broad  Street  near 
the  Pay  Office,  a  large  scarlet  cloak.  If  the 
coachman  or  who  ever  will  bring  it  to  Mr. 
Coulthurst,  perfumer,  next  door  to  the  King's 
Head  Tavern,  the  corner  of  Chancery  Lane, 
Fleet  Street,  shall  have  half  a  guinea  reward. 

In  the  face  of  these  two  records  it  seems 
hopeless  for  Mr.  Bell  to  attempt  to  locate 
the  King's  Head  "a  little  farther  west 
towards  Temple  Bar."  I  am  not  prepared 
to  contest  Mr.  Bell's  view  that  J.  T.  Smith's 
print  is  some  ancient  house  other  than  the 
I  King's  Head.  Certainly  as  produced  it 
appears  to  represent  a  house  at  the  western 
corner  ;  at  the  same  time,  if  the  print  be 
held  obliquely  to  a  mirror,  the  reflected 


12  S.  X.  MAY  6,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


347 


image   will   be   that   of   a   house   bounding 
the  eastern  corner. 

2.  THE  MITRE  TAVERN. 
Mr.  G.  W.  Bell  (op.  cit.,  p.  493),  in  con- 
cluding his  account   of  the  famous    Mitre 
that  stood  on  part  of  the  site  now  covered 
by  Messrs.  Hoare's  bank,  observes  : — 

The  survival  to-day  of  another  Mitre  Tavern 
in  Mitre  Court,  Fleet  Street,  has  given  rise  to 
much  confusion.  It  possesses  a  cast  from  Nolle- 
kens'  bust  of  Johnson,  to  be  seen  in  the  upstairs 
coffee-room.  The  house  has  laid  claim  to  be 
Johnson's  Mitre,  the  scene  of  his  suppers  with 
Boswell,  and  of  so  many  of  his  raciest  sayings  ; 
but  for  various  reasons  this  claim  must  be 
rejected.  Boswell's  references  are  all  to  the 
Mitre  in  Fleet  Street.  Dr.  Philip  Norman 
kindly  gave  me  the  assistance  of  his  extensive 
knowledge  of  old  London  taverns  when  I  was 
looking  into  the  matter,  and  his  opinion  is  that 
a  tavern,  or  coffee-house,  in  Mitre  Court,  probably 
took  the  name  soon  after  the  historic  Fleet  Street 
inn  had  closed  its  doors,  in  order  to  attract  the 
custom.  .  .  .  Dr.  Norman  tells  me  that  the 
earliest  reference  he  knows  is  in  the  '  Epicure's 
Almanac  '  (1815),  wherein  the  writer  speaks  of 
the  house  as  the  Mitre  and  Chop-house.  .  .  . 
The  authentic  Mitre  Tavern,  formerly  No.  39, 
Fleet  Street,  closed  its  doors  four  years  after 
Johnson's  death,  when  Macklin,  in  1788,  re- 
opened it  as  the  Poet's  Gallery. 

I  respectfully  agree  with  Mr.  Bell  and 
Dr.  Norman  that  the  house  in  which  John- 
son diverted  himself  and  his  friends  was 
the  more  westerly  one.  It  is  clearly  marked 
in  Rocque's  '  Survey  '  of  1745  as  located 
in  a  small  court  immediately  opposite  Hen 
and  Chicken  Court,  which  still  survives. 
The  celebrated  Mitre  never  faced  Fleet 
Street,  but  stood  hid  some  considerable 
distance  from  the  thoroughfare.  But  the 
following  advertisement  seems  to  show 
that  the  other,  or  more  easterly,  house 
standing  in  Mitre  Court,  immediately  facing 
Fetter  Lane,  is  an  older  house  than  has  been 
supposed  : — 

Daily  Courant,  Feb.  6,  1703. — At  the  Mitre 
Coffee-house  in  Mitre  Court,  near  St.  Dunstan's 
Church,  Fleet  Street,  will  be  sold  by  auction 
the  goods  of  the  late  John  Hill,  sword-cutler, 
behind  the  Royal  Exchange.  .  .  . 

I  admit  this  evidence  is  not  conclusive, 
as  the  court  in  which  "  the  authentic 
Mitre  "  stood  branched  at  its  lower  end 
eastwards  and  emerged  at  the  southern 
end  of  Mitre  Court.  In  other  words,  there 
was  an  approach  to  "  the  authentic  Mitre  " 
from  Mitre  Court,  an  approach  which, 
judging  from  Rocque's  map,  would  be  the 
convenient  one  for  those  residing  in  the 
Inner  Temple.  Nevertheless  I  am  much 
inclined  to  think  that  the  Mitre  referred 


to  in  The  Daily  Courant  of  1703  is  a  distinct 
entity  from  the  use  of  the  descriptive 
"  coffee-house."  Johnson's  Mitre  was  in- 
variably called  a  "  tavern  "  even  so  far 
back,  as  Mr.  Bell  shows,  as  1639. 

J.  PAUL  DE  CASTRO. 


AN  IRISHMAN'S  TOMB  ON  THE  FRONTIER 
OF  AFGHANISTAN. — The  following  inscription 
comes,  I  think,  from  Kohat,  far  up  on  the 
Afghan  frontier.  There  is  a  certain  touch 
of  undesigned  humour  in  the  epitaph,  some- 
thing racy  of  the  soil  of  Ould  Ireland  : — 

Here  rest  the  remains  of  Michael  Healy, 
Apothecary  in  the  Hon'ble  Company's  service, 
destroyed  by  the  Afreedees  22nd  March,  1850. 

Michael  Healy  was  an  Irishman,  highly  gifted 
with  talents,  energy  and  ambition.  Foiled  in 
his  aim  and  weary  of  his  struggle  with  the  world, 
he  ardently  sought  that  repose  which  he  has  here 
found. 

This  inscription  I  find  among  my  old 
diaries,  but  forget  how  it  came^to  my  hand. 
CHARLES  SWYNNERTON. 

CHARLES  PIGOTT,  AUTHOR  OF  'THE 
JOCKEY  CLUB.' — In  the  '  D.N.B.'  there  is 
only  a  very  brief  account  of  Charles  Pigott, 
author  of  '  The  Jockey  Club,'  a  scurrilous 
publication  but  nevertheless  a  useful  histori- 
cal document.  He  was  descended  from  an 
old  family,  which  for  three  generations  pre- 
viously had  been  in  possession  of  Chetwynd 
Park,  Shropshire.  His  two  elder  brothers 
were  the  eccentric  Robert  Pigott  (1736-1794), 
who  sold  the  family  estates  and  "was  en- 
raptured by  the  French  Revolution,"  and 
the  Rev.  William  Pigott,  rector  of  Chetwynd 
and  afterwards  of  Edgmond,  Shropshire,  who 
was  the  father  of  the  well-known  authoress, 
Harriett  Pigott,  ob.  April  8,  1846  or  1849 
(Gentleman's  Magazine,  1849,  Pt.  II.,  p.  100). 
On  Aug.  4,  1775,  Charles  Pigott  married 
Jenny,  daughter  of  Jonothan  Cope  and 
half-sister  of  Sir  Charles  Cope,  Bart., 
of  Brewerne,  Oxfordshire,  "  an  arch  and 
piquant  coquette,"  but  according  to  his 
niece,  Harriett  Pigott,  in  her  '  Private 
Correspondence  of  a  Woman  of  Fashion  ' 
(1832),  i.  56-60,  the  marriage  was  an  un- 
happy one.  The  same  authority  states  in 
her  florid  style  that  he  was  a 
careless  husband.  .  .  .  She  quitted  the  sunny 
side  of  rectitude  for  the  thorny  but  now  fre- 
quented path  of  error — and  she  was  wrecked  ! 
.  .  .  Her  careless  husband  refused  the  redress  of 
our  Law  Courts.  .  .  .  ('  Private  Correspondence,' 
i.  59-60). 

In  '  The  Minor  Jockey  Club  '  (R.  Farn- 
ham,  1794),  p.  37,  Charles  Pigott  is  styled 


348 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[12  S.  X.MAY  6,  1922. 


"  Louse  "  Pigott,  and  it  is  hinted  that  he 
was  a  gamester  and  the  friend  of    William 
Davis,   "  Black  Davis,"  a  turf  celebrity  of 
the  period  and  a  person  of  dubious  reputa- 
tion.    In  '  The  Genuine  Memoirs  of  £)ennis 
O'Kelly '    (Stalker,    1788),  it  is    stated  too 
that  Tie   was   one   of  the   satellites   of   the 
owner     of     Eclipse.     That     he     was     well 
acquainted  with  all  the  racing  men  of  his 
time  is  shown  in  his  '  Jockey  Club  '  (1792), 
which  is  full  of  malevolent  anecdotes  about 
most    of    them.     He    has    scarcely    a    good 
word    to    say    for    anyone.     The    book    is ! 
reviewed     in     The     Gentleman's     Magazine  \ 
(1792),  Part  I.,  pp.  361,  456,  which  calls  it  j 
"  a  mere  vehicle  and  pretence  for  the  most ' 
virulent    abuse,"    and     declares    "  that    its 
great  aim  is  to  set  the  lower  orders  against 
their  betters."     By  this  time  Charles  Pigott,  j 
like    his    elder    brother    Robert,    was    an  j 
"ardent    champion"    of    the    principles    of  i 
the    French    Revolution.     He    died    at    his 


Elphin,  the  rooks  Brain  Owen  ap  Urien ; 
the  pawns  (a  corruption  of  the  French 
paons)  they  called  Y  Paenod  bach  (the  little 
peacocks).  These  illiterate  Welshmen,  never 
dwelling  out  of  their  parish,  understood  all 
the  intricate  movements  of  the  game,  which 
they  played  with  remarkable  skill.  In  his 
own  time,  he  says,  he  has  met  with  many  of 
them,  and  it  is  very  curious  how  the  know- 
ledge of  so  scientific  and  complex  a  game  was 
acquired  and  kept  up,  particularly  at  this 
remote  spot  (WThitechureh).  R.  B. 

Upton. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries 
in  order  that  answers  may  be  sent  to  them  direct. 


"  WlLLOUGHBY     AND      HIS      A  VISA."- — Has 


1794,    and   in   his    obituary   notice   in    The 
Gentleman's     Magazine     (1794),     Part     II., 
p.  672,  his  authorship  of  '  The  Jockey  Club  ' 
in  two  parts  and  of  '  The  Female  Jockey 
Club  '     is     acknowledged.      In     Lowndes's 
'Bibliographer's  Manual'    (1871),   p.    1212, 
it  is  also  stated  that  these  publications  are 
"  usually  attributed  to  Charles  Pigot  "  (sic). 
Beyond  the  brief  account  given  of  him 
by  his  niece  Harriett  and  the  few  references  j 
cited    above    I    cannot    remember    having ! 
come  across  any  contemporary  mention  of  j 
his  name.     But  he  must  have  been  a  well- j 
known  man  in  his  day.     Is  anything  else 
known  of  his  career  ? 

HORACE  BLEACKLEY. 

THE  GAME  OF  CHESS. — While  the  recent 
tournament  engages  the  attention  of  many, 
it  may  be  permissible  to  record  in  the  pages 
of  '  N.  &  Q.'  an  unexpected  allusion  to  that 
game  in  an  out-of-the-way  part  of  Wales  some 
two  centuries  ago. 

George  Owen,  the  antiquary — quoted  at  a 
later  date  by  Richard  Fenton  in  his  '  Itinerary 
of  Pembrokeshire,'  published  more  than  a 
hundred  years  ago — refers  to  a  singular  cir- 
cumstance in  the  parish  of  Whitechureh,  in 
the  northern  part  of  that  county.  Owen 
states  that  in  former  times  in  that  locality 
even  the  meanest  folk  and  unlettered  plough- 
men were  adepts  at  chess  and  had  recognized 
Welsh  names  for  the  chessboard  and  the 
different  pieces.  The  game  was  styled 
Fristiol  Tawlbwrdd ;  the  kings  and  queens 
had  their  usual  name  ;  the  bishop  was  termed 


personages  with  Westbury  in  Wiltshire  ? 
There  is  an  ancient  "  castle "  upon  the 
escarpment  of  the  Downs,  a  copious  spring 
in  the  vale  below.  The  Lord  of  the  Manor 
was  a  friend  of  Shakespeare,  a  patron  of 
poets,  a  relation  of  Willoughby.  Avise,  as 
the  Church  register  shows,  was  a  Christian 
name  in  vogue  at  the  time.  The  old  hostelry 
changed  its  name  about  1680,  but  I  have  not 
been  enabled  to  discover  whether  it  was  ever 
"  The  George  and  Dragon,"  or  what  its  old 
name  was.  H.  C.  BROOKS-. 

St.  Michael's,  Wigan. 

BLYTH. — Can  any  reader  throw  any  light 
on  the  Blyth  pedigree  ?  There  is  a  pedigree 
in  the  College  of  Arms  of  William  Blyth  of 
Norton,  Co.  Derby,  temp.  Henry  V.  Of  his 
grandsons,  John  was  Bishop  of  Salisbury 
1493,  and  Geoffrey,  Bishop  of  Lichfield  and 
Coventry  1503.  Their  brother  Thomas  had 
sons,  of  whom  John  was  Archdeacon  of 
Lichfield  and  Geoffrey  was  Master  of  Trinity 
College,  Cambridge.  This  pedigree  is  pretty 
complete  and  goes  down  to  Benjamin  Blyth 
of  Norton,  attorney-at-law,  who  sold  the 
estate  at  Norton  Lees.  From  that  time  they 
were  all  in  Birmingham,  in  business. 

James  Blyth  of  Birmingham,  merchant, 
and  of  London,  died  March  24,  1858  ;  married 
Anna  Maria  Smith,  who  died  Oct.  23,  1862. 
He  is  supposed  to  descend  from  this  pedigree, 
which  has  not  been  brought  up  to  date  in 
the  Heralds'  College.  James  Blyth  had 
issue  James,  Charles,  Jessica  Mary,  Char- 
lotte Harriett,  Anne,  Emily  and  Florence. 


12  S.  X.  MAY  6,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


349 


Charles  has  issue  Herbert,  Isabel  and  James. 
Jessica  Mary  married  Captain  James  Frank- 
lin, 77th  Regiment,  of  whose  children  Harry 
married  Lady  Edith  Curzon  and  Violet 
Maude  married  Sir  Humphrey  de  Trafford, 
Bart.,  Lord  of  Trafford.  Charlotte  married 
Charles  Franklin,  M.R.C.S.  Anne  married 
Charles  Pratt,  and  Emily  married  Captain 
Prescott  Knight. 

The  portion  of  the  pedigree  that  requires 
checking  is  that  between  the  end  of  the 
College  of  Arms  pedigree  and  James  Blyth. 

The  Blyth  arms  are,  Ermine,  three  stags 
trippant  gules,  attired  or ;  a  chief  azure. 
Another  branch  of  the  family  (see  Coll.  of 
Arms  MSS.)  bears  the  same  coat  but  without 
the  chief  azure. 

I  shall  be  very  grateful  to  anyone  who  can 
throw  any  light  on  the  matter.  Anyone 
really  interested  can  have  a  copy  cf  the 
pedigree  by  asking  for  it. 

C.  A.  H.  FRANKLIN. 

St.  Thomas's  Hospital,  S.E.I. 

ESQUIRE  AND  ESSAYIST. — Ten  or  twenty 
years  ago,  in.  a  second-hand  bookshop  in 
Little  Clarendon  Street,  Oxford,  I  noticed 
a  volume  of  essays,  bound  in  elaborately 
stamped  black  cloth,  with  a  gilt -lettered 
title,  of  which  I  only  remember  the  last 
word  ;  the  book  was  stated  to  be  "by 
[So-and-so]  Esquire." 

The  title-page  of  a  law  book  sometimes 
describes  its  author  or  compiler  as  "  Es- 
quire "  ;  and,  if  the  whim  had  struck 
Charles  Lamb,  he  would  not  have  hesitated 
so  to  designate  himself.  But  surely  there 
were  not  many  who  so  adorned  the  outer 
cover  of  their  books,  so  that  I  am  not  un- 
reasonable in  asking  for  help  with  the 
name  of  the  early  Victorian  scutifer  and 
that  of  his  somewhat  stodgy  book. 

Q.  V. 

JOHN  TATHAM,  DRAMATIST  AND  CITY 
POET,  b.  about  1612  ;  d.  about  1665. 
One  of  his  sonnets  in  '  Ostella  '  (12mo  ed., 
London,  1650,  p.  112)  is  addressed: — 

To  my  mother,  Mris  Dorothy  Tatham,  one  of 
the  Daughters  of  Christopher  Percy,  of  Manson, 
in  the  County  of  Dorset,  Esquire,  then  Justice  of 
the  Peace  and  Quorum,  and  High  Sheriff  of  that 
County. 

Christopher  Piercy  of  Manston  was 
Sheriff  -of  Dorset  in  1585.  This  dau., 
Dorothy,  is  not  given  in  the  pedigree  quoted 
in  Hutchins's  '  History  of  Dorset,'  vol.  iii. 
The  registers  at  Manston,  Sturminster 
Newton,  only  date  from  1614,  and  no 
Tatham-Piercy  marriage,  or  issue,  is  to  be 


found  recorded.  The  present  writer  suggests 
that  John  Tatham,  the  dramatist,  was  of 
.London,  and  maybe  son  of  John  Tatum, 
whose  house  in  Aldgate  Ward,  called  the 
Smith's  house,  is  mentioned  in  Stow's  '  Sur- 
vey of  London  '  (p.  28,  ed.  1618).  Can  any 
reader  give  the  correct  parentage  of  the 
dramatist  ?  HENRY  CURTIS. 

THE  LYTTELTONS  AND  THE  POPISH  PLOT. — 
In  Chambers' s  '  Biographical  Illustrations  of 
Worcestershire  '  it  is  stated  that  when 
George,  Lord  Lytfcelton  (1709-1773),  re- 
built his  house  at  Hagley 

he  was  allowed  by  his  Majesty  to  remove  the 
barrels  which  the  Lyttelton  family  were  ordered 
to  bear  in  memory  of  their  share  in  the  Popish 
Plot, 

As  far  as  I  know  the  Lytteltons  had  no 
share  in  the  Popish  Plot,  and  the  family 
being  by  that  time  of  the  Protestant  religion, 
I  wonder  if  it  may  not  have  been  a  mistake 
for  the  Gunpowder  Plot,  in,  which  two 
of  the  family  were  involved  and  in  conse- 
quence executed.  The  mark  of  the  barrels 
would  seem  to  bear  out  this  conjecture. 
Perhaps  some  of  your  readers  would  be  able 
to  elucidate  this.  M.  WYNDHAM. 

CAPTAIN  STAFFORD  BETTES  WORTH 
HAINES. — I  shall  be  grateful  for  any  in- 
formation regarding  this  officer  of  the  old 
Indian  Navy.  He  was  resent  at  the 
capture  of  Aden  in  1839,  alid  from  that 
year  until  1854  was  Political  Resident  in 
charge  of  the  fortress.  Did  he  leave  any 
descendants,  and  is  a  portrait  of  him  in 
existence  ?  H.  WILBERFORCE-BELL. 

'  THE  KING,  THE  BISHOP,  AND  THE 
SHEPHERD.' — Can  any  reader  tell  me  where 
I  can  find  an  old  ballad  so  entitled  ? 

W.    COURTHOPE    FORMAN. 

CLARENCE  GORDON  ("VIEUX  MOUS- 
TACHE "). — Will  some  American  reader  tell 
me  whether  Clarence  Gordon  (b.  1835),  who 
wrote  boys'  stories  and  was  special  agent 
in  charge  of  investigations  of  live  meat 
stock  in  the  U.S.A.,  is  identical  with  Clarence 
W.  Gordon  who  wrote  a  pamphlet  (1883) 
on  '  Live  Stock  on  Farms,  1880.'  No  book  of 
reference  gives  "  Vieux  Moustache  "  or  "  W." 
Is  "  Vieux  Moustache  "  still  alive  ? 

37,  Bedford  Square.  J.    M.    BULLOCH. 

VESALIUS. — In  The  British  Weekly,  March 
30,  1922,  it  is  stated  that  his  mother  was 
an  Englishwoman  named  Isabella  Crabbe. 
Who  was  she  ?  Who  were  her  parents  and 
what  was  her  birthplace  ?  M.  A.  OXON. 


350 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[12  S.  X.  MAY  6,  1922. 


HAMPSHIRE  FOLK-LOBE. — Is  there  a  book 
published  on.  the  Hampshire  witches  and 
similar  folk-lore  ?  This  county  appears 
to  be  rich  in,  lore  of  this  kind,  as  I  know 
my  maternal  grandfather  used  to  amuse 
his  children  with  numerous  stories  about 
the  fairies  and  witches  of  Hampshire.  They 
were  old  folk -tales  which  he  had  had  told 
to  him  when  a  boy  by  his  father — a  Hamp- 
shire yeoman.  I  have  one  or  two  books 
dealing  generally  with  this  subject,  but 
what  I  want  is  one  specializing  in  the  folk- 
lore of  this  county,  including  the  New 
Forest.  FREDERIC  CROOKS. 

COMPOSERS  OF  HYMN-TUNES. — 1.  Thomas 
Hewlett,  Mus.Bac.,  wrote  the  tune  '  Dal- 
keith  '  (first  tune  of  Hymn  No.  252,  '  Hymns 
A.  &  M.').  I  should  like  to  know  what 
posts  he  held  as  organist  when  in  Scotland. 
He  died  in  1874.  Where  was  he  buried  ? 
Is  there  any  memorial  erected  to  his  me- 
mory ? 

2.  John    Broderip,    b.     1710,     d.     1785  ; 
organist    of    Wells    Cathedral      1741-1774; 
composer    of    tune    '  Calvary '    printed    in 
'  British  Psalmody,'    1822.     Where  was  he 
buried  ? 

3.  John  Hatton,  d.  1793  ;    known  for  his 
tune   '  Duke  St.'     Parentage  and  full  par- 
ticulars will  be  welcomed. 

L.  H.  CHAMBERS. 
Bedford.      | 

THE  REV.  GEORGE  SKENE. — Can  any 
reader  tell  me  where  to  find  any  details 
of  the  history  of  the  Rev.  George  Skene, 
minister  of  St.  Ninian's,  Perth,  about  1759  ? 
Was  he  Dean  of  St.  Andrews  ? 

W.    H.    QUARRELL. 

SIR  RICHARD  STEYNOR. — Where  can  I  see 
or  obtain  a  full  account  of  the  life  of  this 
gallant  gentleman  ?  He  was  distinguished 
for  his  defeat  of  the  Spanish  Plate  Fleet 
off  Cadiz,  and  for  leading  the  van  of  the 
fleet  under  Blake,  when  the  Spanish  galleons 
were  destroyed  in  the  harbour  of  Santa 
Cruz.  For  these  actions  he  was  knighted 
first  by  Oliver  Cromwell  and  afterwards 
by  Charles  II. 

A  grand-nephew,  Richard  Steynor,  died 
in  February,  1789,  in  Birmingham  Work- 
house, where  he  had  found  an  asylum  for 
the  last  12  years  of  his  life,  aged  78.  He 
was  the  son  of  Robert  Steynor  of  Droit- 
wich,  who  was  once  possessed  of  £1,000  per 
annum,  but  engaging  in  a  lawsuit  with  the 
Salt  Company  of  Droitwich  about  a  right 
to  sink  for  a  salt -spring  upon  his  own 


freehold  estate  (though  he  emancipated 
his  neighbours  and  reduced  the  price  of 
salt  from  2s.  per  bushel  to  4d.,  whereby 
Government  have  been  enabled  to  raise  an 
amazing  revenue),  he  ruined  himself  and  his 
family.  This,  his  only  surviving  child,  was 
suffered  to  end  his  days  in  a  parish  work- 
house, where  the  punctual  discharge  of  the 
little  offices  which  the  infirmities  of  old  age 
had  left  him  capable  of  performing,  pro- 
cured him  more  respect  than  all  the  public 
services  of  his  father  and  family. 

JAMES  SETON-ANDERSON. 
39,  Carlisle  Road,  Hove,  Sussex. 

BLAKE. — Charles  Blake  was  admitted  to 
Westminster  School  Nov.  21,  1774  ;  Fasham 
Blake  Jan.  26,  1775  ;  and  John  Blake 
Sept.  13,  1775.  I  should  be  glad  to  obtain 
anv  information  about  these  Blakes. 

G.  F.  R.  B. 

BETTESWORTH.  —  Edmund  Bettesworth, 
son  of  John  Bettesworth  of  Westminster, 
graduated  M.A.  at  Oxford  from  Univ.  Coll. 
in  1749  ;  Edward  Bettesworth  was  ad- 
mitted to  Westminster  School  in  October, 
1717,  aged  12  ;  Robert  Bettesworth  was 
admitted  to  the  same  school  in  June,  1738, 
aged  11  ;  Thomas  Bettesworth,  son  of  the 
Rev.  Charles  Bettesworth  of  Petworth, 
Sussex,  matriculated  at  Oxford  from  Hart 
Hall  in  1722.  Further  information  about 
these  four  Bettesworths  is  desired. 

G.  F.  R.  B. 

SIR  WM.  HENRY  CLINTON,  G.C.B.  (1769- 
1846).. — Is  there  any  portrait,  whether  paint- 
ing or  print,  of  Sir  Wm.  Henry  Clinton, 
G.C.B.  (A.D.C.tothe  Duke  of  York,  1796-9)? 
He  was  son  of  Sir  Henry  Clinton,  K.B., 
and  brother  of  Sir  Henry  Clinton,  G.C.B. 
Nothing  is  known  at  the  Print  Room, 
British  Museum,  of  this  General.  He 
married  Louisa  Holroyd,  daughter  of  John 
Holroyd,  first  Earl  of  Sheffield.  H.  S. 

CANE -BOTTOMED  CHAIRS. — Who  invented 
or  first  made  cane -bottomed  chairs  ? 

E.   E.   C. 
MARTIN. — Information    is    wanted   about 

1.  George  Martin    (Marten)    of   Mayfield, 
Sussex,    the     celebrated     papistical    writer, 
who  died  1582. 

2.  One  Martin,  of  Sussex  extraction,  who 
kept  the  Hare  and  Hounds  "  on  the  outskirts 
of  London  "  about  1800. 

3.  Marten  and  Martin  families  of  Sussex 
and  their  present-day  descendants. 

A.  E.  MARTEN. 
13,   Willowgrove   Road,   Leeds. 


12  S.  X.  MAY  6,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


351 


'  PUNCH,'  1885. — '  General  Gordon,  Khartoum  ' ; 
'  Lines  on  the  Death  of  Colonel  Herbert  Stewart '  ; 
*  The  Gakdul  Well.'  Would  any  reader  have  the 
kindness  to  send  these  lines  to  S.  K.  DOUGLAS. 

51,  Sidney  Street,  Cambridge. 

AUTHORS  WANTED. — 1.  Can  any  reader  state 
where  the  poem  containing  the  following  lines 
is  to  be  found  ?  My  recollections  carry  them  back 
to  my  schooldays,  and  I  believe  they  appeared 
in  a  school  reader  under  the  title  of  '  The 
Chameleon.' 

"  E'en  so  my  children,  they  whom  fate 
Has  planted  in  a  low  estate, 
Viewing  their  rulers  from  afar, 
Admire  what  prodigies  they  are. 

"  He  whom  his  party  deems  a  hero, 
His  foes,  a  Judas  or  a  Nero, 
A  man  of  superhuman  worth 
Or  vilest  wretch  that  cumbers  earth.' 
Blackburn.  R.  A. 

2.  Could  any  of    your  readers  inform   me  as 
to  who  wrote  the  following  lines,  and  the  date  : — • 
*'  If  only  the  good  were  the  clever, 

And  only  the  clever  the  good, 
This  world  would  be  very  much  better 
Than  ever  we  thought  that  it  could. 

*'  But  alas  !  it  is  seldom  or  never, 

That  things  come  about  as  they  should, 
For  the  good  are  so  hard  on  the  clever, 

The  clever  so  rude  to  the  good." 
Bath.  M.  W.  P. 

[These  are  by  Miss  Elizabeth  Wordsworth, 
the  first  Principal  of  Lady  Margaret  Hall,  Oxford, 
and  will  be  found  •  in  a  collection  of  her  verse 
entitled  '  St.  Christopher  and  other  Poems'  (Long- 
mans, 1890). 

There  is  a  third  stanza  which  runs  : — 
"  So,  friends,  let  it  be  our  endeavour 

To  make  each  by  each  understood, 
For  few  can  be  good  like  the  clever 
Or  clever  so  well  as  the  good."] 

3.  Can  anyone  tell  me  who.  wrote,  and  where 
I  can  find,  a  short  piece  of  poetry  beginning  : — 

"  Mpn  petit  fils  qui  n'as  encore  rien  vu, 

Viens  voir  ce  beau  monde  ..." 
I  cannot  quote  any  more  of  it,  but  it  turns 
rather  adroitly  to  the  flattery  of  Louis  XIV., 
I  think.  I  thought  to  find  it  in  the  '  Oxford 
Book  of  French  Verse,'  but  neither  there  nor 
in  Masson's  '  La  Lyre  frangaise  '  does  it  appear. 
UVEDALE  LAMBERT. 

4.  Can  any  reader  tell  who  wrote  the  following 
lines  and  where  they  can  be  found  ?     I  have  heard 
them  attributed  to  Hartley  Coleridge,  as  written 
in  his  Prayer  Book  : — 

"  When  I  received  this  volume  small, 
My  years  were  barely  seventeen, 
And  it  was  thought  I  might  be  all 
That  once,  alas,  I  might  have  been. 

"  But  now  my  years  are  thirty-five, 

And  every  mother  hopes  her  lamb 
And  every  little  child  alive 

May  never  be  what  now  I  am." 

R.    SOMERVILLE    WOOD. 


NEEDHAM'S    POINT   CEMETERY, 
BARBADOS. 

(12  S.  x.  23,  46.) 

I  AM  very  glad  to  see  that  MR.  ASPINAUL 
has  called  attention  to  the  disgraceful 
condition  into  which  some  of  our  old 
military  and  naval  burial-grounds  in  the 
West  Indies  have  been  allowed  to  fall. 
It  is  fortunate  that  he  has  at  the  same  time 
been  able  to  preserve  in  your  pages,  through 
the  patriotic  action  of  the  "  Civil  Circle  "  of 
ladies  recently  formed  in  Barbados,  the 
names  of  those  who  are  bui  ied  at  Needham's 
Point. 

In  your  columns  in  1906  (10  S.  v.  61,  104) 
I  contributed  two  somewhat  lengthy  articles 
on  the  very  pitiable  condition  into  which 
the  old  military  burial-ground  on  the 
Shirley  heights  in  the  island  of  Antigua — 
the  seat  of  government  of  the  Leeward 
Islands  group — had  been  allowed  to  fall.  I 
mentioned  that  on  the  higher  side  of  this 
burial-ground  stands  (or  stood)  a  decaying 
and  fast  perishing  stone  obelisk  recording 
the  names  of  those  officers  and  men  of  the 
old  54th  Regiment*  who  had  fallen  victims 
in  their  service  from  1848  to  1851  in  the 
islands  of  Antigua,  St.  Kitts,  Dominica  and 
St.  Lucia,  and  the  remains  of  many  of 
them  lay  in  the  burial-ground  below.  Of 
these  names  I  gave  all  that  were  decipher- 
able— both  on  obelisk  and  gravestones — and 
appealed  to  the  present  representatives 
of  the  regiment  to  do  all  that  could  be  done 
in  the  matter.  One  or  two  military  journals 
in  England  took  the  matter  up  at  the  time  ; 
but  I  believe  nothing  has  been  done — at  all 
events  had  not  up  to  the  time  I  left  the 
Leewards  in  1911. 

MB.  ASPINALL'S  statement  that  "  the 
Colonial  Office  has  obtained  from  the  various 
West  Indian  Governments  a  series  of  reports 
regarding  the  cemeteries  containing  naval 
and  military  graves,"  consequent  upon  the 
matter  having  been  mentioned  in  the  House 
of  Commons  in  1920,  is  the  first  intimation 
that  I  have  had  of  any  definite  action  having 
been  taken  in  the  matter,  from  which  it 
appears  that  in  some  of  the  colonies — but 
only  in  some — care  has  been  taken  to  main- 
tain the  graveyards.  Would  MB.  ASPINALL 


*  Formerly  the  West  Norfolk  Regiment,  and 
now  the  2nd  Battalion  of  the  Dorsetshire  Regi- 
ment (39th). 


352 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[12  S.  X.  MAY  6,  1922. 


kindly  state  where  these  reports  are  to  be 
obtained  or  seen  ? 

May  I  now  repeat  what  I  said  in  1906  on 
this  subject  (p.  63)  ?— 

I  will  not  stop  to  inquire  on  whom  rests  the 
responsibilty  of  keeping  up  these  memorials  of 
the  Imperial  dead,  but  one  might  hope  that  the 
present  representatives  of  those  "  comrades  "  in 
the  old  54th  who  erected  this  monument  might 
do  something  before  the  pathetic  record  Of  its 
services  in  such  a  "  withering  climate  "  (which 
soldiers  and  civilians  alike  have  to  face  in  their 
duty  to  the  Crown)  is  lost  altogether.  But  it 
must  be  done  soon.  The  last  two  years  even  have 
laid  their  hands  very  markedly  on  the  place,  which 
is  fast  becoming  an  impenetrable  wilderness 
overgrown  with  acacia  bushes  and  prickly  cactus. 

And  it  is  now  sixteen  years  since  I  wrote 
those  words  ! 

All  honour  to  the  ladies  of  the  "  Civil 
Circle  "  in  Barbados  who  have  undertaken 
to  put  the  cemetery  at  Needham's  Point  in 
order,  the  Government  having  consented  to 
provide  the  necessary  funds  for  the  purpose. 
Barbados,  the  oldest  of  the  British  West 
Indian  colonies,  has  ever  been  one  of  the 
most  enterprising  and  energetic.  May  I 
venture  to  express  a  hope  that  its  example 
may  be  followed  in  the  other  West  Indian 
colonies,  for,  as  MR.  ASPINALL  says,  it  cer- 
tainly seems  lamentable  that  whilst  the  Im- 
perial Graves  Commission  is  devoting  such 
loving  care  to  the  graves  of  our  gallant 
soldiers  who  fell  in  France  and  Flanders  the 
old  naval  and  military  burial-grounds  in 
the  West  Indies  should  be  so  sadly  neglected. 
J.  S.  UDAL,  F.S.A. 

RHYMED  HISTORY  OF  ENGLAND  (12  S.  x. 
249,  297).. — My  inquiry  of  April  1  has  pro- 
duced an  interesting  modern  rhymed  version 
of  the  Kings  of  England  and  dates,  but  no 
trace  of  the  earlier  version  referred  to.  I 
therefore  give  the  further  following  par- 
ticulars. 

The  version  was  apparently  written  in  the 
time  of  George  III.,  as  the  last  line  runs  as 
follows  : — 

George  the  Third  in  17-60  began  to  reign  and  still 
sticks  to-ye. 

I  have  at  present  the  verses  referring 
to  all  the  reigns  (except  those  between 
Edward  II.  and  Queen  Elizabeth,  Charles 
II.,  James  II.,  William  and  Mary,  George  I., 
and  George  II.). 

I  should  be  pleased  to  supply  a  copy  of 
the  verses  referred  to  to  anyone  interested. 
R.  A.  S.  PAGET. 

I  have  been  acquainted  for  more  than 
sixty  years  with  a  modified  version  of  the 


"  doggerel  lines  "    quoted  by  G.  L.   at  the 
last  reference.     The   version  with  which  I 
am  familiar  is  broken  up  into  stanzas  of  four 
lines,  with  a  chorus  at  the  end  of  each  stanza 
and  a  stanza  which  precedes  the  first  line 
quoted  by  G.  L.     It  was  also  set  to  music. 
The  copy  I  remember  must  have  belonged 
to  the  eighteenth  century  and  so  did  not 
contain  the  last  two  lines.     The  first  stanza 
and  the  chorus  ran  as  follows  : — 
The  Romans  in  England  they  first  did  sway, 
And  the  Saxons  after  them  led  the  way, 
And  they  tugged  with  the  Danes  till  an  overthrow 
Which  both  of  them  got  from  the  Norman  bow. 
CHORUS. 

But,  barring  all  pother, 

Both  one  and  the  other 

Were  all  of  them  Kings  in  their  turn. 
Probably  handed  down  memoriter  from 
generation  to  generation,  they  would  have 
been  varied  to  suit  divers  political  or  religious 
views.  My  copy,  as  will  be  seen  below,  sprang 
from  a  good  Protestant  source.  I  note  the 
following  variants  from  G.  L.:s  version, 
though  my  memory  does  not  recall  the  whole 
of  the  lines  :• — 

King  William  the  Conqueror  first  (?)  did  reign. 
King  Henry  the  First  was  a  scholar  bright, 
But  Stephen  was  forced  for  his  crown  to  fight. 
I  cannot  remember  the  line  about  Edward 
the  Sixth,  but  it  rhymed  with 
Mary  made  fires  and  faggots  .to  blaze, 
Good  Queen  Bess  was  a  glorious  dame, 
And  bonny  King  James  from  good  Scotland  came. 
JOHN  R.  MAGRATH. 

In  this  connexion  a  history  of  England 
used  in  schools  in  the  early  part  of  the 
nineteenth  century  is  worth  noting.  It  is 
a  small  volume  (3 Jin.  by  4in.)  of  96  pp., 
entitled  'The  History  of  England  from  the 
Invasion  of  Julius  Caesar  to  the  year  1815.' 
(London  :  Printed  for  Darton,  Harvey,  and 
Darton,  Gracechurch  Street,  1817.  Price 
Sixpence.) 

The  account  of  each  monarch  from  the 
Conquest-  to  George  III.  is  preceded    by  a 
verse  which  sums  up  the  ruler's  character 
and  attainments.     Thus,  William  the  Con- 
queror is  described  as 
William,  a  spurious  branch  of  Hollo's  race, 
From  Norman's  Duke  to  England's  King  we  trace  : 
He  conquer'd  Saxon  Harold,  seiz'd  the  throne, 
Was  brave,  but  proud,  and  partial  to  his  own. 
Charles  II.  as 

Gay,  sprightly,  heedless,  affable  and  lewd, 
In  Charles's  court  few  cares  did  long  intrude, 
But  Popish  influence  stain' d  his  latter  day, 
With  plots  and  fines,  and  arbitrary  sway. 

My  mother,  who  was  put  into  possession 
of  this  volume  at  the  age  of  ten,  admitted  in 


12  S.  X.  MAY  6,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


353 


after  life  that  she  was  always  puzzled  as  to 
how  a  man  could  be  a  branch,  and  her  ideas 
of  "  spurious  "  were  more  than  a  little  hazy. 

L.  M.  ANSTEY. 

CABLINGS  (12  S.  x.  287).— I  take  the 
following  from  *  Northumberland  Words  ' 
(Heslop),  p.  134  :— 

Choice  grey  peas,  of  the  preceding  autumn, 
steeped  in  springe  water  for  twelve  or  fifteen 
hours,  till  they  are  soaked  or  mascerated  ;  then 
laid  on  a  sieve  in  the  open  air,  that  they  may 
be  externally  dry.  Thus  swelled  and  enlarged 
to  a  considerable  size,  and  on  the  verge  of 
vegetating,  they  are  put  in  an  iron  pot,  or 
otherwise,  on  a  slow  fire,  and  kept  stirring. 
They  will  then  parch,  crack,  and,  as  we  pro- 
vincially  call  it,  bristle  :  when  they  begin  to 
burst  they  are  ready  to  eat.  (Gentleman's 
Magazine,  1788,  from  a  Northumberland  corre- 
spondent. ) 

Another  method  adopted  is  to  fry  the 
carlings  with  fat,  and  season  highly  with 
pepper  and  salt.  The  second  Sunday  before 
Easter  is  observed  as  Carling  Sunday.  A 
tradition  associates  this  custom  with  a  com- 
memoration of  the  disciples  plucking  the 
ears  of  corn  on  the  Sabbath  Day.  Another 
associates  it  with  a  famine  in  Newcastle, 
which  was  relieved  by  the  arrival  of  a  ship 
in  the  Tyne  loaded  with  a  cargo  of  grey 
peas.  The  remembrance  of  their  deliverance 
was  henceforth  proclaimed  by  the  people 
in  observing  a  feast  of  carlings  on  the  second 
Sunday  before  Easter.  The  use  of  carlings 
on  this  day  is,  however,  not  confined  to  the 
Tyneside  people.  The  large  peas  of  a 
brownish-yellow  spotted  colour,  called 
"  brandlings,"  are  quite  different  from  the 
ordinary  grey  pea,  and  are  much  fancied 
and  in  request  for  carlings. 

As  to  Carling  Sunday  (the  fifth  Sunday 
in  Lent),  Mackenzie  ('  History  of  Northum- 
berland,' 1825,  vol.  i.,  p.  216),  has  :— 

On  this  day  our  labouring  people  assemble 
at  their  accustomed  alehouses,  to  spend  their 
carling-groats.  The  landlord  provides  the  carl- 
ings. 

G.  R. 

BARBEL  ORGANS  IN  CHURCHES  ( 12  S.  x.  209, 
254,  316). — I  remember  these  organs  being  in 
use  in  the  middle  of  the  nineteenth  century  at 
Burton-on-Stather,  Theddlethorpe  All  Saints, 
and  Manthorpe,  all  in  Lincolnshire.  At 
Manthorpe  the  performer  had  been  taught 
that  the  great  point  in  playing  on  a  barrel 
organ  was  to  maintain  a  perfectly  uniform 
pace,  so  he  -applied  this  principle  to  the 
Te  Deum  without  any  regard  to  the  lengths 
of  the  different  verses,  the  singers  getting 
in  the  words  as  they  best  could,  altogether 


omitting  many  in  the  longer  verses.  The 
player  could  not  be  told  of  his  error, 
as  that  would  'l  break  his  heart."  I  have 
heard  that  at  Tickhill  in  Yorkshire  the 
vicar  once  called  to  the  gallery  to  ask  why 
they  did  not  go  on  with  the  Psalm,  and  the 
clerk  called  back,  "  T'andle's  brok."  At 
West  Halton,  Lines.,  an  aged  parishioner 
being  told  that  they  were  going  to  have  an 
organ  in  the  church,  and  that  the  rector's 
daughter  would  play  on  it,  said,  "  Why,  I'm, 
sure  Miss  D.  '11  never  be  able  to  hug  it," 
having  no  idea  of  any  organ  that  was  not 
carried  about.  J.  T.  F. 

Winterton,  Lines. 

ROPE  OF  SAND  (12  S.  x.  309). —Setting 
the  task  of  making  ropes  of,  or  performing 
other  impossible  feats  with,  sand  is  a 
common  incident  in  folk-stories. 

In  a  Lancashire  story,  the  schoolmaster 
at  Cockerham  raised  the  Devil,  who  gave 
him  the  privilege  of  setting  him  three  tasks, 
which  if  he  accomplished  the  schoolmaster 
was  to  become  his  prey.    The  first  task  was 
to  count  the  dewdrops    on    certain  hedges, 
and  the  second  was  to  count  the  stalks  in  a 
certain   field   of    grain.       These   were    soon 
performed.    For  the  third  he  was  directed  to 
Make  a  rope  of  yon  sand 
That  would  bear  washing  in  Cocker 
And  would  not  lose  a  strand. 
The  Devil    speedily    made    the     rope,   but 
it  would  not  stand  washing,  and  so  he  was 
foiled. 

At  Hothersall  Hall,  near  Ribchester,  a 
demon  is  supposed  to  be  "  laid  "  under  a 
laurel-tree  until  he  can  spin  a  rope  from  the 
sands  of  the  Ribble,  which  runs  near  the 
house. 

At  Clitheroe  the  boys  of  the  Grammar 
School  are  said  one  day,  in  the  absence  of 
the  master,  to  have  raised  the  Devil,  whose 
appearance  w^as  accompanied  by  a  terrible 
storm,  which  led  the  master  to  believe 
that  his  scholars  had  been  up  to  some 
mischief.  He  therefore  hurried  from  his 
house  to  the  school,  where  he  found  the 
Devil  seated  in  the  middle  of  the  school- 
room with  the  frightened  boys  standing 
round  unable  to  lay  him.  Various  tasks 
were  set  him,  which  he  performed  with 
ease,  till  at  last  he  was  ordered  "  to  knit 
knots  out  of  a  strike  of  sand,"  which  proved 
beyond  his  power,  and  he  retired  defeated, 
disappearing  the  way  he  came  up,  viz., 
through  the  hearthstone.  The  cracked 
hearthstone  was  referred  to  by  old  Clitberoe 
folk  as  vouching  for  the  truth  of  the  story. 


354 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[12  S.  X.  MAY  6,  1922. 


In  Cornwall,  the  giant  Tregeagle  is  said 
to  be  employed  at  Padstow  in  making 
trusses  of  sand  and  ropes  of  sand  to  bind 
them  with,  which  each  tide  sweeps  away. 

Clouston,  in  his  '  Popular  Tales  and 
Fictions,'  quotes  the  following  story  from 
the  Talmud  :  "  An  Athenian  was  walking 
about  the  streets  of  Jerusalem,  and  see- 
ing a  tailor  on  his  shop-board  busily  at 
work,  he  picked  up  a  broken  mortar  and 
facetiously  asked  him  to  put  a  patch  upon 
it.  "  Willingly,"  replied  the  tailor,  taking 
up  a  handful  of  sand  and  offering  it  to  the 
witling,  "  most  willingly,  if  you  will  first 
have  the  kindness  to  make  me  a  few  threads 
of  this  material." 

The  story  about  the  wizard  Michael 
Scott,  quoted  by  your  correspondent  from 
Sir  Walter  Scott,  is,  according  to  '  The 
Denham  Tracts  '  (Folk  Lore  Society)  current 
in  the  Hexham  district  of  Northumberland, 
where  he  is  known  as  "  Mitchell "  Scott,  and 
where  the  version  is  that  he  "  beat  the  Devil 
and  his  myrmidons  by  the  well-known 
device  of  employing  them  to  spin  ropes 
of  sand,  denying  them  even  the  aid  of  chaff 
to  supply  some  degree  of  tenacity  to  the 
incohesive  material."  WM.  SELF- WEEKS. 

Westwood,  Clitheroe. 

Columella's  words  in  the  passage  referred 
to  show  that  he  was  making  use  of  a  Greek 
saying :  "  Eadem  tarn  exigua  sunt,  ut, 
quod  aiunt  Graeci,  ex  incomprehensibili 
parvitate  harenae  funis  effici  non  possit." 
In  an  Oration  of  Aristides  (Sam.  Jebb's 
edition,  vol.  ii.,  p.  309)  we  have  rb  CK  rijs 
^d/z/xov  o-xoiviov  7r\e<ovr€s,  and  the  proverb 
is  given,  with  references,  in  Leutsch  and 
Schneidewin's  '  Paroemiographi  Graeci,'  vol. 
ii.,  p.  114.  A.  Otto,  'Die  Sprichworter  der 
Homer,'  p.  160,  quotes,  besides  Greek  and 
Latin  examples,  the  German  "  Seil  aus  Sand, 
wie  halt  das  Band  ?  "  and  compares  No.  112 
of  Grimm's  '  Kinder  und  Hausmarchen,' 
where  a  peasant  twists  a  rope  of  chaff. 

EDWARD  BENSLY. 

HENRY  HOWARTH  (12  S.  x.  228,  258).— 
I  find  that  there  are  many  references  to 
this  famous  counsel  in  my  extracts  from 
eighteenth- century  newspapers.  He  is  said 
to  have  belonged  to  Lincoln's  Inn.  He 
was  one  of  the  defenders  of  the  unfortunate 
Dr.  Dodd,  and  at  the  trial  of  Samuel  Foote 
on  an  outrageous  charge  in  December, 
1776,  he  is  said  to  have  "  opened  the  prose- 
cution with  great  delicacy."  According 
to  frhe  Morning  Post,  May  13,  1783,  he  was 


drowned  on  Sunday,  May  11,  while  he 
and  Mr.  Chippendale,  "  a  near  relation," 
were  sailing  together.  This  newspaper  con- 
tradicts The  Gentleman's  Magazine,  and  says 
that  he  could  not  swim. 

HORACE    BLEACKLEY. 

MARY  SEYMOUR  :  LADY  BUSHELL  (12  S. 
x.  244,  313). — Should  the  Seymour- 
Bushell-Johnson  matches  ever  be  proved, 
the  evidence  will  probably  be  found  in  Kent, 
not  in  Leicestershire.  The  Johnsons  (alias 
Anthony)  were  of  Kent,  and  so,  according  to 
the  Rev.  Ed.  Turner,  in  his  article  on  Mares- 
field  in  the  Sussex  Archaeological  Collections 
(vol.  xiv.,  p.  166,  &c.),  was  Sir  William 
Bushell.  John  Johnson,  or  Anthony,  of 
Thanet  was  "  surveyor  "  of  monasteries 
under  Cromwell,  Earl  of  Essex,  and 
may  therefore  have  been  connected  with  the 
Seymour  Protestant  party  and  interests, 
which  again  might  lead  to  a  match  between 
his  grandson  and  Seymour's  granddaughter. 
Of  a  Bushell  family  in  Thanet  some  traces 
remained  up  to  the  end  of  the  eighteenth 
century.  No  Sir  William  is,  indeed,  known 
to  me,  or.  to  be  found  in  the  Visitations,  but 
that  is  negligible  negative  evidence. 

Mr.  Turner,  speaking  of  the  Rev.  Peter 
Johnson  of  Maresfield,  who  died  at  St. 
Lawrence,  Thanet,  in  1704,  quotes  one  of  his 
descendants  then  (1862)  living  and  Fellow  of 
the  Royal  Society  as  an  additional  authority 
for  the  Rev.  Peter's  descent  from  Silas 
Johnson  and  the  daughter  of  Sir  William 
Bushell  of  the  Isle  of  Thanet  by  Mary  Sey- 
mour. The  Rev.  Peter  was  born  in  1629, 
and  I  make  him  son  of  Henry,  grandson  of 
John,  and  great-grandson  of  the  John  the 
brother  of  Silas,  which  would  bring  him  into 
only  the  collateral  line.  Hasted,  however, 
only  gives  Silas  one  wife,  Sara  Austin,  and 
says  nothing  about  a  Bushell.  Silas  had, 
among  his  many  brothers,  an  earlier  Rev. 
Peter,  vicar  of  Bobbing,  in  Kent,  whose 
daughter,  born  1578,  married  James  Huberd 
of  the  same,  and  the  name  of  the  wife  of  this 
first  Rev.  Peter  has  not  been  ascertained. 
This  Peter  seems  to  have  had  some  influence 
and  to  have  found  promotion  in  a  small  way. 
Was  he  the  husband  of  Mary  Seymour's 
daughter  Bushell  ?  The  conventional  anony- 
mity of  clergymen's  wives  under  Elizabeth 
would  aid  the  apparent  design  of 
sinking  this  offshoot  of  the  quasi -royal 
house  "  without  trace." 

There  is  a  Cleve  Court  in  Thanet  which 
belonged  to  the  Crispes,  of  which  family  John 
Johnson,  brother  to  Silas  and  the  Rev.  Peter 


12  S.  X.  MAY  6,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


355 


No.  1,  married  a  daughter.  Did  Sir  Wil- 
liam Bushell  reside  in  the  house  of  his  son- 
in-law's  relations  ?  PERCY  HULBURD. 

BEEF:  EFFECT  ON  ONE'S  WIT  (12  S.  x. 
310). — There  seems  evidence  that  the  in- 
ordinate eating  of  beef  dulls  the  intelligence. 
It  is  related  that  Sir  Isaac  Newton  went  on 
to  a  non -flesh  dietary  when  writing  his 
super-mathematical  books.  Sir  Hiram 
Maxim  is  also  quoted  as  being  an  abstainer 
from  flesh,  and  fighting  Jimmy  Wilde  trained 
his  wits  without  meat.  The  fruitarian  races 
of  India  are  keen  philosophic  thinkers.  The 
saints  of  most  Churches  were  abstainers 
from  flesh  food,  and  the  directions  con- 
cerning the  use  of  the  Field  of  Ardath  are 
explicit  as  to  the  fleshless  diet  of  those  who 
want  to  talk  to  angels. 

JOSIAH  OLDFIELD. 

"BERWICK"  (12  S.  x.  229,  317).— The 
words  "  berquet  "  and  "  bercovet,"  though 
appearing  in  Bailey's  '  Dictionary  '  (edition 
of  1751),  were  surely  never  used  as  the 
names  of  any  English  weight.  "10  Pound 
in  Russia,  or  173,  one-third  Pound  Aver- 
dupois  "  is  Bailey's  explanation  of  the  two 
words,  which  he  brackets  together  and 
accentuates  in  each  case  on  the  first  syllable. 
But  even  this  is  not  quite  right.  The 
Russian  berkovets  (stressed  on  the  first 
syllable)  =  400  Russian  pounds=10  Russian 
poods  =3601b.  avoirdupois.  The  word  is 
said  by  Berneker  ('  Slavisches  etym'olo- 
gisches  Worterbuch,'  Heidelberg,  1908-1913, 
i.  50)  to  be  borrowed  from  old  Swedish 
bicerko  in  the  phrase  bicerkoa  rcetter,  "  town- 
law."  It  denoted  the  Swedish  skeppund, 
"  ship's  pound,"  of  400  pounds,  customary 
by  "  towTn-law "  in  Swedish  commerce. 
Literally  the  Swedish  words  (and  cognate 
phrases  in  other  Scandinavian  languages) 
mean  "  law  of  Bjarkey,"  a  place  which  may 
be  identified  with  the  Birca  mentioned  by 
Adam  of  Bremen  (i.  62  ;  iv.  20)  as  an 
important  centre  of  commerce  not  far  from 
Upsala.  L.  R.  M.  STRACHAN. 

Birmingham  University. 

"  SORENCYS  "  (12  S.  x.  190). — I  cannot 
forbear  the  conjecture  that  this  word  is  a 
misreading  of  "  sciencys  "  =  sciences. 

L.  R.  M.  STRACHAN. 

Birmingham  University. 

PETER  DUCASSE  (12  S.  x.  290).— Ducasse 
is  the  Gascon  equivalent  for  Duchene.  Del- 
casse  is  another  form  of  Ducasse. 

DE  V.  PAYEX-PAYNE. 


WINES  (12  S.  x.  309).— The  book  to  get  is 
'  Wine  and  Spirits,'  by  Andre  L.  Simon 
(Duckworth  and  Co.,  1919). 

STEPHEN  WALTER. 

Let  me  commend  '  Notes  on  a  Cellar- 
Book,'  by  Professor  G.  Saintsbury  (Mac- 
millan  and  Co.,  London,  1920),  to  H.  P.  H. 
It  is  well  up  to  date  and  contains  much 
information  which  he  is  in  search  of. 

D.  K.  T. 

I  should  like  to  refer  your  correspondent 
H.  P.  H.  to  two  good  books  on  wines  and 
vintages- — how  to  buy  them,  where  to  keep 
them,  and  so  forth  :  '  Wine  and  Spirits,* 
by  A.  L.  Simon  ;  and  '  The  Blood  of  the 
Grape,'  by  the  same  author.  The  first  may 
be  described  as  a  handbook  for  the  con- 
noisseur ;  the  other  as  a  text-book  of  the 
trade.  The  author  is  a  specialist  in  his 
subject.  G.  H.  MILSTED. 

Saintsbury 's  '  Notes  on  a  Cellar-Book  ' 
(1920)  is  one  of  the  best  modern  books 
on  vintages,  with  a  chapter  on  bottles 
and  glasses  and  cellar  arrangements.  Hints 
on  the  storing  and  keeping  of  wines  will 
be  found  in  Henderson's  '  The  History 
of  Ancient  and  Modern  Wines'  (1824), 
Shaw's  *  Wine,  the  Vine,  and  the  Cellar  ' 
(1863),  and  Redding's  'History  and  Descrip- 
tion of  Modern  Wines  '  (1851). 

ARCHIBALD  SPARKE. 

RACING  STABLE  TERMS  :  COSH  (12  S.  x.. 
286). — It  may  be  worth  pointing  out  that 
this  word,  more  correctly  spelt  kosht  or 
kasht,  which  is  included  by  MR.  J.  FAIRFAX- 
BLAKEBOROUGH  in  his  list  of  stable  slang 
phrases,  is  not  really  slang  but  genuine. 
Romany  for  a  stick  or  tree.  For  the 
various  forms  of  the  word,  see  Pott,  '  Die 
Zigeuner,'  vol.  ii.,  p.  120,  and  the  Journal 
of  the  Gypsy  Lore  Society,  N.S.  vols.  v., 
p.  32,  and  viii.,  pp.  45,  130. 

HERBERT  W.  GREENE. 

FLEET  MARRIAGES:  REGISTERS  (12  S.  x. 
271). — Eleven  years  later  than  the  date  of 
marriages  at  the  Fleet  quoted  by  RODMELL, 
viz.,  in  1755,  John  Wilkinson,  Master  of  the 
Savoy,  performed  1,190  "irregular  marri- 
ages "  in  the  Savoy  Chapel,  and  the  registers 
containing  such  entries  are  preserved  in  the 
vestry.  Garrick  informed  against  Wilkinson, 
who  was  transported  and  died  on  the  passage 
out.  These  marriages  seem  to  be  similar 
to  those  at  the  Fleet. 

WALTER  E.  GAWTHORP. 

16,  Long  Acre,  W.C.2. 


356 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[12  S.  X.  MAY  6,  1922. 


KNAVES  ACRE  (12  S.  x.  190,  256).— If, 
as  MB.  ALECK  ABBAHAMS  suggests,  this  is  an 
inaccurate  identification  of  Pedlar's  Acre 
(commemorated  by  a  window  in  Lambeth 
Church),  may  there  not  also  be  a  confusion 
with  the  following  street  as  defined  by 
Strype  ?— 

Knaves  Acre  falls  into  Brewers  Street  by 
Windmill  Street  end  and  so  runs  westward  as  far 
as  Marybone  Street  and  Warwick  Street  end,  and 
crossing  the  same  and  Swallow  Street  falls  into 
Glasshouse  Street. — Chiefly  inhabited  by  those 
that  deal  in  old  goods  and  glass  bottles. 

Horace  Walpole  states  that  Henry  Cooke 
lived  obscurely  in  Knaves  Acre.  The  above, 
named  streets  all  exist  save  Marybone  Street 
which  apparently  occupied  the  site  of  the 
Quadrant.  Much  of  the  present  Brewer 
Street  follows  the  course  indicated  by  Strype, 
but  I  fail  to  see  how  such  a  street  could  have 
crossed  Swallow  Street  before  falling  into 
Glasshouse  Street. 

WALTER  E.  GAWTHORP. 

ROBERT  BURDETT  (12  S.  x.  290).— The 
Burdett  pedigree  as  given  in  Burke  is,  ap- 
parently, very  imperfect.  There  was  a 
Robert  Burdett  at  the  end  of  the  seventeenth 
century  who  married  Mary,  daughter  of 
Nathan  Wrighte,  and  there  are  one  or  more 
entries  of  Burdett  in  the  registers  of 
Thatcham,  Berks.  I  have  in  vain  tried 
to  discover  the  marriage  of  Cope  and  Bur- 
dett, which  took  place  in  the  seventeenth 
century,  as  is  proved  by  an  armorial  shield 
of  Cope  impaling  Burdett. 

E.  E.  COPE. 

Finchampstead,  Berks. 

HENRY  ELLIS  BOATES  OF  LIVERPOOL 
(12  S.  x.  251,  297,  316).— There  was  a  story 
that  William  Boates  was  found  in  a  boat, 
but  the  name  is  to  be  found  in  Ireland 
previously.  I  possess  an  interesting  minia- 
ture of  the  wife  of  Richard  Puleston,  my 
great-grandmother,  in  her  hunting-coat  of 
scarlet.  I  showed  it  to  Dr.  Williamson 
some  years  ago  and  he  asked  me  to  show  it 
to  Sir  Thomas  Drew,  but  neither  was  able 
to  name  the  artist  although  it  is  a  fine 
miniature.  E.  E.  COPE. 

Finchampstead,  Berks. 

THE  MONTFORT  FAMILIES  (12  S.  x.  124, 
254,  294). — Does  MR.  WHITE  know  of  a 
note  about  the  Montf ord  Family  in  '  N.  &  Q. ,' 
10  S.  xi.,  May  22,  1909  ?  I  have  not  the 
volume  by  me — only  a  reference.  There 
the  first  Thurstan,  Lord  of  Beaudesert,  is 
said  to  be  the  son  of  Hugh  de  Montford  by 
a  daughter  of  Robert  de  Beaumont,  Count 


of  Meulan.  On  what  authority  this  state- 
ment is  made  I  do  not  remember — certainly 
not  on  that  of  the  article  on  Robert  de 
Beaumont  in  the  '  D.N.B.,'  which  MR. 
WHITE  also  refers  to.  Dr.  Round  does 
mention  that  Robert  de  Beaumont  had  five 
daughters,  but  only  gives  the  marriage  of 
one  of  them,  who,  however,  wasv  not  the 
spouse  of  "  Hugh  de  Montford." 

CHARLES  SWYNNERTON. 

[The  reference  required  is  10  S.  xi.  411,  and 
the  article  (a  reply  entitled  '  First  Speaker  of 
the  House  of  Commons  :  Peter  de  Montf ort ')  refers 
back  to  10  S.  x.  388,  518.] 

BURIED  WINE  (12  S.  x.  290). — The 
virtue  and  flavour  of  wine  buried  or  stored 

n  a  cellar  would  depend  solely  on  the  quality 
of  the  vintage  and  the  preservation  of  the 

orks.  Wine  would  maintain  its  virtues  and 
improve  both  in  quality  and  flavour  year  by 
year  over  a  considerable  period  if  the  corks 

ould  be  prevented  from  perishing ;  but 
when  once  a  cork  begins  to  rot,  the  air 
penetrates  the  bottle  and  the  wine  rapidly 
deteriorates.  H.  PETERS  BONE. 

for  a  draught  of  vintage  !  that  hath  been 
DooFd  a  long  age  in  the  deep-delved  earth, 
Tasting  of  Flora  and  the  country  green, 
Dance,  and  Provencal  song,  and  sunburnt  mirth  ! 
(See  '  Ode  to  a  Nightingale,'  J.  Keats.) 
HERBERT  SOUTHAM. 

LOFTUS  (12  S.  x.  289).— General  William 
Loftus  married,  May  7,  1790,  Lady  Eliza- 
beth -Townshend,  only  surviving  dan.  of 
George,  first  Marquess  Townshend,  whose 
eldest  son  was  George  Colby  Loftus,  born 
Feb.  15,  1791,  but  he  married  Catherine, 
dau.  and  sole  heiress  of  John  Feaver,  Esq., 
of  Woolland,  which  lady  d.s.p.  Dec.  13, 
1842.  He  died  Nov.  5,  1861,  aged  71. 

I  can  find  no  record  of  Miss  Feaver  having 
previously  married  a  Mr.  Schuyler. 

JAMES  SETON- ANDERSON. 

39,  Carlisle  Road,  Hove. 

CAPTAIN  SKINNER,  1764  (12  S.  x.  290).-— 
The  family  referred  to  is  no  doubt  that  of 
Skinner  of  Carisbrooke  House,  Isle  of  Wight. 
The  family  tradition  narrates  that  a  Wil- 
liam MacGregor,  who  took  part  in  the 
rising  in  Scotland  of  1715,  and  was  wounded 
at  Prestonpans,  lost,  in  consequence  of  his 
adherence  to  the  Stuarts,  his  paternal 
inheritance  in  Fifeshire,  and  was  obliged 
to  change  his  name.  He  therefore  took 
the  name  of  Skinner,  and  matriculated  at 
Oxford,  was  ordained  and  eventually  went 
to  America.  (See  Burke's  '  Landed  Gentry.') 
JAMES  SETON-ANDERSON 


1-2  S.  X.  MAY  6,  192:2.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


357 


OLDMIXON  (10  S.  vi.  249,  416  ;  12  S.  x. 
-237,  296). — There  seems  no  doubt  that 
John  Oldmixon,  merchant  in  Bengal,  was 
the  son  of  the  John  Oldmixon  who  was  one 
of  his  securities,  for  on  Dec.  9,  1730,  a 
"  representation  of  Mr.  John  Oldmixon  in 
behalf  of  his  son  Mr.  John  Oldmixon, 
Senior  Merchant  in  Bengali,"  was  referred 
to  the  Committee  of  Correspondence  by  the 
Court  of  Directors  of  the  E.I.  Co. 

L.  M.  ANSTEY. 

DESCENDANTS  OF  RICHARD  PENDERELL 
<12  S.  x.  169,  256,  296).— A  scrapbook  in 
my  possession  contains  an  engraving  from 
The  Gentleman's  Magazine  for  September, 
1809,  Plate  II.,  from  sketches  made  July  15, 
1807,  entitled  '  Remains  of  Priory  Church  at 
White  Ladies,  Shropshire.'  The  upper  por- 
tion of  the  plate  gives  a  view  of  White 
Ladies  ;  the  lower  half  of  the  page  shows 
two  Norman  doorways,  an  ornamental 
flooring-tile  and  what  appears  to  be  the 
Penderel  gravestone,  the  inscription  on 
which  slightly  differs  from  that  given  at 
the  last  reference  quoted  above  and  is  as 
follows  : — 


Here  lyeth 

The  bodie  of  a  Friende 
The  King  did  Call 
Dame  Joane 
But  Now  Shee  is 
Deceast  and  Gone 
Interred  Anno  Do 
1669 

It  is  possible  that  a  reference  to  The  Gentle 
man's  Magazine  would  afford  MRS.  ANDER 
SON  the  information  she  desires,   or  at  all 
events  put  her  on  the  track. 

H.   T.    POLLARD. 

THE  STARS  AND  STRIPES  (12  S.  x.  307).— 
Design  thought  to  have  been  suggested  by 
the  arms  of  Washington,  the  exact  descrip 
tion  of  which  I  forget,  but  they  are  shown 
on  a  seal  in  the  Treasury  at  Durham,  with 
stars  in  chief  and  field  barry  and  date 
medieval.  j.  T.  F. 

Winterton,   Lines. 

By  a  resolution  of  Congress  dated  June  14, 
1777,  Paul  Jones  was  put  in  command  oi 
the  '  Banger '  ;  on  board  her  he  hoisted  for  the 
first  time  in  the  American  Navy  the  new  national 
flag  of  13  stripes  and  13  stars  (Admiral  Mahan's 
'  John  Paul  Jones  in  the  Bevolution  '). 

'  Serapis  '  captured  by  Jones  in  '  Bon  Homme 
Richard,'  and  '  Countess  of  Scarborough '  by 
Capt.  Cottineau  in  '  Pallas,'  23  Sept.  1779 
(Report  of  John  Paul  Jones  to  His  Excellency 


Benjamin  Franklin,  dated  Oct.  3,  1779,  "on 
Doard  the  ship  of  War  '  Serapis  '  at  anchor 
without  the  Texel  in  Holland,"  from  '  John 
Paul  Jones  Commemoration  at  Annapolis,' 
compiled  under  the  direction  of  the  joint  com- 
mittee on  printing  by  Charles  W.  Stewart,  Super- 
intendent, Library  and  Naval  War  Records  ; 
Washington,  Government  Printing  Office,  1907). 
W.  COURTHOPE  FORMAN. 

CHARLES  ALCOCK  (12  S.  x.  310). — The 
query  evidently  refers  to  Charles  Wm. 
Alcock,  J.P.,  born  at  Sunderland,  Dec.  2, 
1842,  died  at  Brighton,  Feb.  26,  1907. 
Founded  Cricket  in  1882  ;  for  29  years 
edited  James  Lilly  white's  Cricketers'  Annual 
and  was  chief  contributor  to  *  Surrey 
Wcket  :  its  History  and  Associations,' 
published  in  1902.  BRUCE  McWiLLiAM. 

HERALDIC  :  ARMS  OF  MILL  HILL  SCHOOL 
(12  S.  x.  210).— The  following  will  be  found 
for  Mill  Hill  School  in  Fox-Davies's  '  Public 
Arms  '  (T.  C.  and  E.  C.  Jack,  1915)  :  Argent 
a  cross  gules,  on  a  chief  azure  three  mullets 
or.  Motto :  Et  virtutem  et  musas.  [Of 
no  authority.]  M.  H.  C.  W. 

As  to  the  origin  of  these  arms,  I  think 
they  were  first  used  in  1869,  when  the 
school  was  re- opened  under  Dr.  R.  F.  Wey- 
mouth,  and  probably  the  authorities  of  the 
school  had  recently  obtained  a  grant  of 
them  from  the  Heralds'  College.  I  recollect, 
when  I  arrived  in  that  year,  seeing  them 
on  the  backs  of  hall  chairs  and  at  the  head 
of  examination  papers,  &c.  The  motto 
was  then  Excelsior,  but  this  was  in  two  or 
three  years  superseded  by  Et  virtutem  et 
musas,  from  a  doubt,  I  believe,  as  to  whether 
the  former  correctly  conveyed  the  exact 
meaning  intended.  PENRY  LEWIS. 

PALAVICINI  ARMS  (12  S.  x.  309). — The 
arms  of  this  family  are  blazoned  as  follows 
in  Burke's  '  General  Armory  '  : — 

Pallavicini  (an  Italian  family  settled  in  Co. 
Cambridge).  Or,  a  cross  quarter  pierced  az.  on 
a  chief  of  the  first  a  ragged  staff  f essways  sa. 

In  '  Armorial  XJniversel '  (L.  Curmer, 
Paris,  1844),  we  find  : — 

Pallavicini  d  Rome,  a  Genes,  en  Milanais,  en 
Pie~mont  et  en  Suisse.  Cinq  points  d'or  £qui- 
polle"s  k  quatre  d'azur ;  au  chef  du  premier 
charge1  d'une  fasca  al&s6e,  bretess^e  de  sable. 

It  will  be  seen  that  the  arms  adopted  by 
the  family,  or  branch  of  this  family,  which 
settled  in  Cambridgeshire,  differ  consider- 
ably from  those  borne  by  this  family  in 
their  native  country. 

CROSS -CROSSLET. 


358 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[12  S.  X.  MAY  6.  1922. 


NEVIN  FAMILY  (12  S.  x.  131,  178,  316). — 
MAJOR  J.  D.  NEVIN,  in  his  note  at  the  last 
reference,  misunderstands  the  purport  of 
the  marriage  licence  bond  which  he  quotes. 
The  prelate  concerned  was  the  Archbishop 
(not  the  Bishop)  of  Armagh,  and  Robert 
Irwin  did  not  pay  him  £100  for  the  licence. 
What  happened  was  this  :  a  Bishop  who 
issued  a  marriage  licence  was  open  to  an 
action  for  damages  if  he  granted  such  licence 
in  a  case  where  the  parties  were  too  nearly 
related,  or  some  other  canonical  hindrance 
existed.  To  guard  himself,  therefore,  the 
issuer  required  two  persons  (of  whom  the 
future  bridegroom  was  generally  one)  to 
enter  into  a  bond  for  a  considerable  sum, 
which  of  course  was  only  paid  if  the  canoni- 
cal impediment  existed  and  the  legal  action 
were  taken.  It  is  satisfactory  to  know 
that  marriage  was  not  even  then  such  an 
expensive  business  after  all. 

H.  B.  SWANZY. 

JOHN  AND  CHRISTOPHER  WRIGHT  (GUN- 
POWDER PLOT  CONSPIRATORS  (12  S.  x. 
228,  280). — I  have  in  my  possession  an  illu- 
minated manuscript  volume  of  the  arms 
and  crests  of  the  families  of  Wright  in  the 
United  Kingdom,  by  Jere.  Wright,  Arms 
Painter,  Anno  1700,  dedicated  to  Sir 
Nathan.  Wright,  Knt.,  Lord  Keeper  of  the 
Great  Seal  of  England.  The  following  arms 
and  crest  are  there  assigned  to  Richard 
Wright  of  Plowland,  Yorkshire  :  Or,  a 
fess  counter  componie,  argent  and  azure 
inter  three  eagles'  heads  erased  of  the  last. 
Crest,  on  a  wreath  of  the  colours,  a  unicorn 
regardant  tripping  argent,  mane,  horn  and 
hoofs  or.  Portraits  of  Christopher  and 
John  Wright  are  mentioned  in  Evans's 
*  Catalogue  of  Engraved  Portraits  ' — name 
of  tho  engraver  not  given. 

LEONARD  C.  PRICE. 

Essex  Lodge,  Ewell. 

USE  OF  "  AT  "  OR  "  IN  "  WITH  PLACE- 
NAMES  (12  S.  x.  170,  234). — When  Dryden  (in 
'  The  Medal,'  11.  103-105)  wrote 

The  common  Cry  is  ev'n  Religion's  Test  ; 

The  Turk's  is,  at  Constantinople,  best, 

Idols  in  India,  Popery  at  Rome, 

he  was  using  "  at  "  and  "  in  "  as  most  of  us 
use  those  prepositions  to -day  ;  but  can  any- 
one say  dogmatically  that  his  "  While  Nor- 
man Tancred  in  Salerno  reign' d"  ('  Sigis- 
monda  and  Guiscardo,'  1.  1)  and  his  "  In 
quiet  Cumae  fixing  his  repose,"  in  his  trans- 
lation of  Juvenal's  third  satire,  1.  3,  are  bad 
English  ?  JOHN  B.  WAINE WRIGHT. 


DANIEL  DE  LIGNE  (12  S.  x.  310). — He 
was  evidently  a  member  of  the  ancient  and 
I  still  existing  Belgian  princely  house  of 
I  de  Ligne.  The  majority  of  the  members 
have  been  always  stanch  Catholics,  but 
in  the  seventeenth  century  some  became 
Protestants  and  were  expelled  from  Belgium 
(then  under  Austrian  rule  until  the 
French  Revolution),  and  were  not  allowed 
to  settle  in  France.  Some  expelled  members 
settled  in  Holland  and  entered  the  service 
of  the  Prince  of  Orange  (afterwards  King 
William  III.  of  England),  and  others  crossed 
over  to  England.  Daniel  de  Ligne,  who 
"  was  admitted  on  the  foundation  at 
Westminster  School  in  1673,"  was  prob- 
ably a  son  of  one  of  the  settlers  in  England. 
The  best -known  member  of  the  family  is 
Prince  Charles  Joseph  de  Ligne  (born 
Brussels  1735,  died  1814),  whose  complete 
collected  '  (Euvres,'  forming  no  fewer  than 
30  volumes  (in- 12),  were  published  in  1807. 
ANDREW  DE  TERNANT. 

36,  Somerleyton  Road,  Brixton,  S.W. 

SLR  THOMAS  PHILLIPPS  (12  S.  x.  189,  230, 
295). — Supplementing  the  interesting  in- 
formation -given  by  MR.  PROSSER  CHANTER 
and  others,  CLARIORES  E  TENEBRIS  may  like 
to  know  that  The  Times  on  May  6,  1910, 
described  Sir  Thomas  as  "  the  greatest 
collector  of  manuscripts  and  documents 
that  ever  lived."  The  Quarterly  Review 
writer's  calculation  that  Phillipps  dis- 
bursed £100,000  "  in  his  ardour  for  col- 
lecting "  is  probably  correct,  but  the  in- 
vestment was  by  no  means  a  bad  one.  At 
the  time  mentioned  less  than  half  the 
collection  had  been  dispersed,  and  according 
to  The  Times  of  June  10,  1910,  "so  far  the 
public  sales  of  the  Phillipps  library  and 
manuscripts  amount  to  about  £50,000." 
Many  thousands  of  pounds  were  realized 
by  further  sales  in  1911  and  1913,  and  full 
descriptions  of  many  of  the  lots  appeared 
in  The  Times  of  the  following  dates  : 
March  29,  April  25,  26,  28,  May  9,  1911  ; 
and  May  20,  21,  22,  23,  24,  1913. 

R.  S.  FARROW. 

37,  Melody  Road,  S.W.  18. 

'  PETER  SIMPLE  ':  NAVAL  SLANG  (12  S.  x. 
289). — Ansted,  in  '  A  Dictionary  of  Sea 
i  Terms '  (Glasgow,  1917),  says  that  the 
expression  "  Tom  Collins  "  is  an  old  term 
of  positive  assertion.  It  may  mean,  lite- 
rally, "  Such  is  the  case,  whatever  may  be 
said  to  the  contrary." 

ARCHIBALD  SPARKE. 


12  S.  X.  MAY  6,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


359 


AUTHORS  WANTED  (12  8.  x.  252). — 2.  A  story 
entitled  '  Miser  Farebrother '  (not  '  Miser  Fair- 
brother's  Daughter  ')  appeared  in  The  Illustrated 
London  News  during  the  second  half  of  1887  ; 
the  author  was  B.  L.  Far j eon  and  the  illustrations 
were  by  Gordon  Browne. 

BENJAMIN  WALKER. 

Langstone,  Erdington. 


on 


The  Building  of  the  Cathedral  Church  of  St.  Peter 
in  Exeter.  By  Herbert  E.  Bishop  and  Edith 
K.  Prideaux.  (Exeter,  James  G.  Commin.) 
WE  all  know  the  pride  of  Devon,  and  concede 
that  it  has  its  justification.  One  of  its  centres 
is  naturally  the  Cathedral  at  Exeter,  reared,  in 
the  main,  by  Devon  hands,  under  the  guidance 
and  by  help  of  the  wealth  of  Devon  Bishops, 
with  stone  from  Devon  quarries.  Praised  justly 
for  its  "  harmonious  integrity  "  it  stands  now  in 
the  full  glory  of  "  Decorated  "  Gothic  architecture 
at  its  best.  Such  a  work  has  failed  of  its  purpose, 
— or,  rather,  the  spectator  is  convicted  of  stupidity 
— if  it  does  not  arouse  delight  merely  by  being 
what  it  is,  without  reference  to  history.  But 
nothing,  after  the  first  familiarity  is  attained, 
ministers  so  effectually  to  delight  as  history — 
the  record  especially  of  the  builders  and  the 
vicissitudes  of  the  building.  The  scholarly  and 
readable  volume  before  us  comes  as  near  as  any 
we  have  recently  seen  to  being  ideal  for  that  pur- 
pose. 

Of  original  sources  Exeter  possesses  the  Fabric 
Rolls,  the  Act  Books  of  the  Dean  and  Chapter, 
the  Archives  of  the  Dean  and  Chapter  and  the 
Bishops'  Registers.  This  material  has  within 
comparatively  recent  years  been  carefully  worked 
over,  and  by  means  of  transcription,  indexing, 
and  to  some  extent  by  printing  been  rendered 
far  more  accessible  and  serviceable  than  it  was 
for  earlier  workers  in  this  field.  Miss  Prideaux 
gives  us  to  start  with  a  careful  account  of  the 
craftsmen  who,  with  the  clerk  of  the  works  and 
the  building-master  at  their  head,  actually  raised 
the  pile.  Many  of  their  names,  much  about  the 
wages  paid  them,  and  something  of  the  implements 
they  used  are  found  in  the  records.  An  interest- 
ing detail  is  the  use  of  gauntleted  gloves  for  the 
carpenters  when  handling  large  timbers  in  the 
erection  of  scaffolding. 

In  1050  the  Bishop's  See  was  transferred  from 
Crediton  to  the  Church  which  Cnut  had  rebuilt 
after  the  burning  of  Exeter  by  the  Danes.  There 
are  still  existing  foundations  and  lower  courses 
of  masonry  which  appear  to  be  Saxon  work  and 
may  be  the  remains  of  the  old  Church.  Early 
in  the  following  century  the  second  Norman 
Bishop  began  the  erection  of  a  Norman  Church, 
which  took  about  a  century  to  finish.  The 
eastern  termination  of  this  Church  has  been  the 
subject  of  an  erroneous  statement  which  is  here 
corrected.  The  central  apse,  uncovered  in  the 
seventies  during  the  work  of  -restoration,  proved 
to  be  not  semi-circular  but  five-sided.  The 
Norman  Church  can  easily  be  reconstructed  in 
imagination  from  the  traces  and  remains  of  it 
still  forming  part  of  the  present  nave.  The 
original  records  do  not  go  back  far  enough  to 


include  any  part  of  its  building.  The  beautiful 
Chapter  House  and  the  misericords  are  the  work 
of  the  half-century  after  the  Norman  Church 
was  finished  ;  then  arose  Bishop  Bronescombe, 
who,  following  the  fashion  of  the  later  thirteenth 
century,  determined  to  lengthen  the  Church  by 
an  eastern  extension.  We  come  here  to  the  period 
of  the  first  Fabric  Roll,  and  also  to  a  stage  in 
the  history  of  the  Cathedral  which  has  been 
seriously  misunderstood.  The  result  of  careful 
investigation  both  of  the  documentary  and  the 
architectural  evidence  is  to  overthrow  the  con- 
clusions as  to  a  great  amount  of  "  transitional  " 
work  having  been  done  after  the  completion  of  the 
Norman  Church  and  having  been,  under  Brones- 
combe and  Quivil,  remodelled.  The  chapter 
on  the  construction  of  the  Choir  (which  should 
have  had  a  less  ungainly  title  than  '  The  Eastern 
Extension,  &c.')  is  one  of  the  most  important  of 
the  book  and  exceedingly  well  worked  out. 

The  very  careful  chapter  on  the  Choir  and 
Altar  furnishings  gives  an  account  both  of  such 
remains  of  early  work  as  are  still  in  situ  and  of 
all  the  costly  appurtenances  which  have  dis- 
appeared but  are  mentioned  in  the  records.  The 
destruction  carried  out  under  Edward  VI., 
Elizabeth  and  Cromwell  was  as  violent  and 
lamentable  here  as  anywhere.  In  Grandison's 
episcopate  and  that  of  his  successor  the  old 
Norman  Church — now  become  the  nave — was 
transformed  ;  its  West  Front,  new  clerestory  and 
porches  added  ;  its  interior  arcading  remodelled. 
The  Black  Death  retarded  the  work,  and  has  also 
left  several  problems  to  be  solved,  as  to  which 
our  authors  are  able,  from  some  additions  to  their 
information  and  from  a  closer  study  of  what 
has  long  been  known,  to  correct  some  mistakes 
on  the  part  of  high  authorities.  The  discussion 
of  detail — especially  of  the  figures  and  of  ornament 
generally — deserves  the  highest  praise.  The 
illustrations  are  well  chosen — except  that  we  regret 
the  absence  of  any  general  view  of  the  Cathedral. 
This  seems  wanted,  despite  its  familiarity,  for 
completness'  sake. 

The  volume  is  most  attractively  printed,  with 
good  and  agreeable  spacing.  In  fact  it  should 
be  the  subject  of  great  satisfaction  to  all  who 
had  a  hand  in  its  production,  and  a  source  of 
delight  and  instruction  to  many  readers. 

On  the  Text  of  Abbo  of  Fleury's '  Quaestiones  Gram- 
maticales.'  By  Henry  Bradley.  (Humphrey 
Milford,  Oxford.  Is.  net.) 

THIS  pamphlet  gives  us  a  paper  communicated 
to  the  British  Academy  in  February  last.  Abbo 
of  Fleury  (who  afterwards  became  abbot  of  that 
monastery)  taught  Latin  in  the  monastic  school 
at  Ramsey  from  980  to  982,  and  wrote  his  '  Quaes- 
tiones Grammaticales'  to  help  his  English 
scholars  in  the  pronunciation  of  Latin  and  as  to 
various  grammatical  difficulties.  The  only  known 
MS.  of  the  work  is  in  the  Vatican  Library  ;  and 
the  only  printed  text  is  that  edited  in  1833  by 
Cardinal  Mai,  which  has  been  reproduced  in 
Migne's  '  Patrologia.'.  The  work  has  been 
studied  by  Dr.  Funke  and  Prof.  Jellinek,  but 
in  one  important  place  the  remarks  and  the 
ingenuity  of  these  scholars  have  been  thrown 
quite  off  the  track  by  a  truly  amazing  blunder 
on  the  part  of  the  first  editor.  Dr.  Bradley  now 
possesses  a  rotograph  of  the  two  pages  of  the 


360 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[12  S.X.MAY  6,  1022. 


Vatican  MS.  which  contain  the  passage  in  question, 
from  which  it  appears  that  the  writer  of  the  MS. 
accidentally  omitted  a  number  of  words  and 
then,  discovering  his  mistake,  wrote  them  in  at 
the  top  of  his  page,  carefully  placing  reference 
marks  to  show  where  they  were  to  be  inserted. 
The  transcriber  who  made  the  copy  for  printing 
took  these  lines  to  be  the  first  lines  of  the  column, 
with  the  result  that  may  be  imagined.  Dr. 
Bradley  definitively  clears  up  all  this  tangle — 
and  from  his  examination  of  the  facsimile  goes 
on  to  point  out  other  blunders  covered  by  the 
two  pages,  some  of  which  are  considerable  and 
the  total  of  which  should  reinforce  the  caution 
of  scholars  in  basing  anything  on  a  text  of  this 
editor's  which  has  not  been  verified  by  the 
original.  A  paragraph  on  the  Greek  words  in  the 
MS.  and  their  treatment  by  the  editor  is  diverting 
and  also  of  some  little  importance  for  the  estimate 
of  Greek  scholarship  in  monasteries  of  the  tenth 
or  eleventh  centuries.  A  few  interesting  emenda- 
tions of  the  printed  text  beyond  the  bounds 
of  the  facsimile  are  also  supplied. 

English    Prose.     Vol.    iv.     Landor     to     Holmes. 

Chosen  and  arranged  by  W.  Peacock.     (Oxford 

University  Press.) 

THIS  is  the* 22 2nd  volume  of  that  excellent  series 
the  World's  Classics.  The  authors  to  whom 
Mr.  Peacock  has  given  most  space  are  Landor, 
Carlyle,  Macaulay,  and  Borrow.  A  pleasant 
opportunity  for  comparison  is  afforded  by  inserting 
Alison's  account  of  the  taking  of  the  Bastille  as 
well  as  Carlyle's.  The  solitary  choice,  out  of 
all  the  rich  treasure  of  Hawthorne's  prose,  of 
'  The  Great  Stone  Face  ' — a  weak  tale  which, 
we  believe,  the  writer  himself  did  not  care  for— 
is  rather  to  be  deplored.  We  also  wondered 
at  finding  no  example  from  Keats 's  letters.  But 
no  maker  of  an  anthology  can  hope  completely 
to  satisfy  any  other  lover  of  the  authors  he  is 
dealing  with.  Those  who  are  adding  this  selection 
to  their  books  may  place  this  volume  beside  the 
others  with  satisfaction. 

The   Journal  of  the  Society   of  Army   Historical 

Research.     March,  1922. 

THIS  valuable  quarterly,  now  in  its  third  number, 
gives  every  sign  of  increasing  vigour.  Lord 
Dillon  puts  together  what  is  known  of  an  Irish 
contingent  which  in  1544  arrived  at  Boulogne 
as  part  of  Henry  VIII. 's  forces.  The  appearance 
of  these  kerne  is  illustrated  by  a  drawing  from 
a  contemporary  painting  once  at  Cowdray. 
Professor  Harding  Firth  sends  a  ballad  on  the 
Battle  of  Culloden  printed  in  1747,  together  with 
an  illustration,  from  an  old  print  in  the  British 
Museum,  of  flogging  in  Barrell's  Regiment — the 
4th  Foot,  which  bore  the  brunt  of  the  Highland 
attack  at  Culloden.  Notes  on  disbanded  regi- 
ments (the  New  Brunswick  Fencibles  is  the 
present  instalment)  are  contributed  by  Mr.  W. 
Y.  Baldry  and  Mr.  A.  S.  White.  Colonel  Field 
deals  with  a  curious  MS.  poem  entitled  '  The 
Remembrance  ;  or,  The  Progress  of  Lord  Port- 
more 's  Regiment,'  in  which,  among  other  interest- 
ing matters,  much  detail  of  the  uniform  worn  by 
the  Scots  Brigade  in  the  Dutch  service,  c.  1700, 
is  set  out.  Major  Morris  Bent  gives  us  the  con- 
clusion of  'A  "  Royal  American  "  ' — a  resume, 
with  abundant  quotations,  of  the  letters  home 


of  a  young  officer  serving  in  the  West  Indies, 
which  began  in  the  first  number  of  the  Journal. 
Lieut.-Colonel  Macdonald  continues  his  exceed- 
ingly interesting  and  admirably  illustrated  dis- 
cussion of  medieval  artillery,  and  Captain  Oakes- 
Jones  begins  an  account  of  the  evolution  of  the 
gorget. 

We  are  glad  to  learn  that  the  membership 
of  the  Society  continues  to  increase  and  that 
it  extends  to  India  and  the  colonies. 

WE  have  received  the  March  number  of  the 
Annals  of  Archaeology  and  Anthropology,  pub- 
lished by  the  University  of  Liverpool.  It  con- 
tains a  striking  and  carefully  worked  out  article 
by  Dr.  Mace  going  to  show  the  marked  influence 
of  Egypt  on  Hebrew  literature.  The  importance 
of  Syria  and  Asia  Minor  in  the  development  of 
art  in  the  Eastern  Mediterranean  is  discussed 
with  considerable  fullness  by  Mr.  C.  Leonard 
Woolley  in  a  paper  that  deserves  attention. 
Mr.  E.  Thurlow  Leeds  writes  on  the  problem  of 
the  art — in  particular  of  the  megalithic  archi- 
tecture— of  prehistoric  Spain.  There  is  also  a 
brief,  but  delightful,  note  by  Professor  Halliday 
entitled  '  A  Sidelight  upon  Tacitus,'  which,  on  the 
ground  of  Pliny's  Letters,  compares  these  two 
friends  as  sportsmen.  The  number  include? 
two  or  three  useful  book  notices. 


STREET  NOISES  (see  ante,  pp.  300,  340). — The 
device  that  MB.  J.  C.  OXENFORD  inquires  about 
as  a  "  boon  to  brain- workers  "  is  probably  that 
I  have  known  "for  years  as  "  antiphones  "- 
known  and  used  with  the  utmost  benefit  to  my 
"  mental  welfare."  The  following  are  Dutch, 
Belgian  and  Danish  addresses  where  to  get  them  : — 

1.  Simonsen      &       Well,       Instrumentmagers, 
Hobmagergade,  Hobenhain,  Denmark. 

2.  Kern,   Instrumentmaker,   Nieuwendia,   Am- 
sterdam. 

3.  Klein- Glitschka,  Instrumentmaker,  Kortryk- 
sche  Straat,  Ghent,  Belgium. 

The  instrument,  however,  requires  to  be  fitted 
to  the  patient's  ear.  H.  LOGEMAN. 

Ghent. 

jSottcetf  to  Corretfponbente. 

EDITORIAL  communications  should  be  addressed 
to  "  The  Editor  of  '  Notes  and  Queries  '  " — Adver- 
tisements and  Business  Letters  to  "  The  Pub- 
lisher" —  at  the  Office,  Printing  House  Square, 
London,  E.C.4  ;  corrected  proofs  to  The  Editor, 
'  N.  &  Q.,'  Printing  House  Square,  London,  E.C.4. 

ALL  communications  intended  for  insertion  in 
our  columns  should  bear  the  name  and  address  of 
the  sender — not  necessarily  for  publication,  but  as 
a  guarantee  of  good  faith. 

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privately. 

WHEN  answering  a  query,  or  referring  to  an 
article  which  has  already  appeared,  correspondents 
are  requested  to  give  within  parentheses — 
immediately  after  the  exact  heading — the  numbers 
of  the  series,  volume,  and  page  at  which  the  con- 
tribution in  question  is  to  be  found. 


12  S.  X.  MAY  6,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


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361 


LONDON.  MAY  13.  1922. 


CONTENTS. — No.   213. 

NOTES  :— Jacobites  transported  to  Virginia,  361— Concerning 
the  Grandfather  and  Father  of  Sir  George  Etherege.  362 — 
Inscriptions  at  St.  Peter's,  Bedford.  365— An  Illustration  of 
the  Bestiary  ?  366 — "  Tight  "  and  other  Equine  Terms — 
Sir  John  Bourne.  367 — British  Settlers  in  America,  368 

QUERIES  : — Furneux,  Berdewell  and  Denny  Families — 
Old  and  New  Style — Woods,  The  Times  Correspondent  in 
Canada,  1860.  369 — Spencer  Smith — Gillman  (or  Guillim) 
Family — Holderness  :  Derivation  of  Name — Doodles — 
Reynolds  of  Loughacur,  Co.  Leitrim,  370 — London  Inns : 
The  Cock  in  Suffolk  Street— Mozeen  (Muzeen)  Family— Old 
Records  of  Sussex — Barbosa — Jack  Roberts — Bourson— 
The  Charing  Cross  Magazine — Eighteenth-century  German 
Principalities — Amore  Family — Thomson's  '  Scottish  Airs  '— 
Henry  Cotton,  Dean  of  Lismore — Admiral  Sir  Charles  Cotton, 
371 — William  Thomas,  Clerk  to  the  Privy  Council — John 
Jones — Crossley — Elizabeth,  Daughter  of  James  I. — William 
Clark  Wimberley — Moir  Surname — Wroth  Family — Epigram 
on  Queen  Charlotte — Quotation  wanted,  372. 

REPLIES :— Early  Victorian  Literature.  372— Old  London 
Bridge,  374 — W.  J.  N.  Neale — Acting  Engineer — The  Crossed 
Keys  at  York.  375— Palavicini  Arms — Rhymed  History  of 
England,  376 — Prime  Minister — "  Probability  is  the  guide  of 
life  " — General  Nicholson,  377 — Sweeney  Todd — Sprusen's 
Island—"  A  Robin  Hood  Wind,"  378— Peel  Yates— Cap  of 
Maintenance  —  Lance  Calkin  —  Nigger  Minstrelsy  —  Spry 
Family— William  Milburn,  379. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :— '  The  Cambridge  Medieval  History,' 
Vol.  III. 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


JACOBITES    TRANSPORTED    TO 
VIRGINIA. 

THERE  is  a  tradition  in  my  family  that  an 
ancestor  (Angus  Shaw),  who  was  a  lieutenant 
in  the  Mackintosh  Regiment  which  took  part 
in  the  Jacobite  rising  of  1715,  had  subse- 
quently been  transported  to  "  white  servi- 
tude "  in  Virginia,  whence  he  returned  to 
Strathnairn  after  seven  years. 

Attempts  to  verify  this  tradition  in 
England  have  always  proved  futile,  but  I 
have  at  last  succeeded  in  tracing  Angus 
Shaw's  name  in  a  List  of  Rebel  Prisoners 
imported  by  Captain  Edward  Trafford  in 
the  Elizabeth  and  Anne  from  Liverpool. 
The  list  is  contained  in  the  Virginian 
Colonial  Archives,  1716,  and  is  dated  Jan.  14 
in  that  year. 

As  many  of  your  readers  may  be  interested 
in  the  details — some  no  doubt  may  trace 
lost  relatives — I  send  the  list  to  you  for 
publication.  The  history  of  the  gallant 


conduct  of  these  Highlanders  is  told  in 
Harrison  Ainsworth's  '  Preston  Fight.'  Their 
leader,  Brigadier  Mackintosh,  effected  his 
escape  from  Newgate  Prison,  and  his  son 
settled  in*  Georgia,  a  grandson  becoming  a 
well-known  revolutionary  general. 

The  treatment  of  the  Jacobite  prisoners 
was  very  harsh  ;  many  were  executed  ;  and 
the  fate  of  those  who  were  transported  may 
be  gathered  from  the  petition  of  which  I 
enclose  a  copy.  This  is  also  taken  from 
the  Virginian  Colonial  Archives. 

It  is  curious  to  reflect  that  the  son  of 
Angus  Shaw,  the  prisoner  at  Yorktown  in 
1716,  was  to  be  found  among  the  officers  of 
the  British  Army  which  capitulated  at  the 
same  place  in  1781,  a  striking  tribute  to  the 
liberal  policy  of  Pitt,  who  enlisted  the  High- 
landers in  the  British  service. 


1.  LIST  OF  REBEL 
TO 

29  under  Indenture. 
Blaekwood,  James 
Bruce,  Robert 
Cams,  Christopher 
*Clark,  Duncan 
Dickinson,  George 
Dunbar,  John 
Foster,  Thos. 
Graham,  Fergus 
Hume,  Francis 
Kennedy,  Jno. 

*  Mackintosh,  James 

*  Mackintosh,  James 

*  Mackintosh,  John 
*Mackintosh,  Jno. 
*McPherson,  Owen 

Menzies,  Arch. 
Nisbet,  James 
Robertson,  Jno. 

*Shaw,  Angus 

*Shaw,  Donald 

*Smith,  Robert 
Stewart,  Jno. 
Stewart,  Jno. 
Stewart,  Jno. 
Stewart,  Malcolm 
Stewart,  Robert 
Stewart,  Robert 
Thomson,  Daniel 
Turner,  William 


83  not  Indented. 
Abbot,  Fred. 
Abercrombie,  Jno. 
Allen,  Thos. 
Anderson,  Rob. 
Arnot,  David 
Betty,  Alex. 
Brown,  Jno. 
Bruce,  Alex. 
Burns,  Jno. 
Cane,  Hugh 
Carr,  Alex. 


PRISONERS  TRANSPORTED 

VIRGINIA. 

Carr,  Robert 
Chisholm,  Adam 
Copeland,  Robert 
Cruster,  William 

*  Davidson,  Owen 
Donaldson,  Jno. 
Donaldson,  William 
Duncan,  Robert 
Dunn,  William 
Ferguson  (= Far  quhar- 

son) 

*  Ferguson,  Alex. 

*  Ferguson,  James 

*  Ferguson,  Lawrence 

*  Ferguson,  Patrick 
*Finley,  William 

Finny,  Jno. 

Glendinning,  Jno. 

Grant,  Robert 

Harris,  Jno. 

Henderson,  Charles 

Johnson,  James 

Johnston,  John 

Kerr,  Alex. 

Kid,  Alex. 

Lindsay,  James 

Lowder,  George 

Lyon,  William 

Mackenzie,  Alex. 
*Mackgilwray,  Donald 
*Mackilway,  William 

*  Mackintosh,  David 

*  Mackintosh,  James 

*  Mackintosh,  Jno. 
Macknaughton, 

Malcolm 

Mackruther,  William 
*Macquin   (Macqueen), 

Daniel 

Malcolm,  James 
Marjoribanks,  George 
Martin,  William 
Maxwell,  William 


*  Clan  Chattan  (Mackintosh)  names. 


362 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       ri2  s.  x.  MAY  13, 1022. 


Menzies,  Robert 

Michy,  Jno. 

Mundell,  Jno. 

Murray,  Jas. 
*  Noble,  William 

Ogilvy,  Jno. 

Paterson,  James 

Peter,  James 

Peter,  Jno. 

Pitillo,  John 

Pray,  James 

Prophet,  Silvester 

Robertson,  James 

Robertson,  Robert 

Rutherford,  Jno. 
*Shaw,  William 

Stroack,  William 

Stewart,  Alex. 

Stewart,  Alex. 

Stewart,  Donald 

Stewart,  James 

Stewart,  Jno. 

Stewart,  Patrick 

Stewart,  Robert 

Urquhart,  James 

Watson,  Jas. 

Watson,  Jas. 

Watt,  Alex. 


Wite,  Alex. 
Wite,  Jno. 
Wood,  James 
Wright,  William 

Died  at  Sea. 
*McFale  (Macphail), 
Duncan 


Bought  off  at  Liverpool 
*Farquharson,  Donald, 

for  £50. 
Gunter,  Jno. 
Johnston,  Robert 
Kerr,  John 

Mont  go  merie,  Nicholas 
Ogston,  James 
Rose,  Robert,  for  £40 
Rutherford,  George 
Rutherford,  John 
Tankard,.  Walter 

Bought  off  at  Cork. 
McLachlan,  Arch. 
Powhows,  Joe 
*  Smith,  Charles 
Stewart,  Alex. 


2.  PETITION  OF  REBEL  PRISONERS  TRANSPORTED 

TO  VIRGINIA. 

Unto  His  Excellency,  Governor  Spotiswood  of 
Virginia — This  humble  representation  of  the 
Gentlemen  and  othere  Prisoners  transported 
aboard  the  Elizabeth  and  Anne  of  Liverpool 
from  Brittain  to  York,  in  Virginia. 
Whereas  pursuant  to  the  orders  of  the  Govern- 
ment we  are  brought  to  this  place  which  as  is 
humblie  conceded  is  all  that  we  are  obliged  to 
perform.  Notwithstanding  to  our  great  surprise 
we  were  not  only  before  our  coming  off  from 
Liverpool  but  even  since  our  arrivall  in  this 
Country  are  menaced  and  threatened  to  be  bound 
in  a  solitude  of  a  certain  number  of  years  yea  and 
a  good  many  of  us  actually  disposed  of  and  all 
this  to  make  up  a  sum  of  money  for  Sir  Thomas 
Johnstone  Parliament  man  for  Liverpool  (who 
pretends  a  right  to  us)  and  some  other  merchants 
concerned  with  him  in  this  matter.  Wherefore 
wee  are  obleidged  to  apply  ourselves  in  all  Sub- 
missiveness  to  your  Excellency  for  Justice,  seeing 
wee  humblie  imagine  that  upon  our  being  trans- 
ported to  this  place,  the  intent  of  the  Government 
to  be  fulfilled  and  no  more  lyable  to  any  further 
punishment,  since  by  the  known  laws  of  Brittain, 
not  only  in  the  reign  of  the  late  King  Charles, 
but  more  particularlie  extended,  ratified  and 
approven  in  the  eight  year  of  the  late  King 
William  that  even  in  the  cases  of  treason  and 
Rebellion,  no  man  can  be  transported  out  of  the 
Kingdom  unless  he  be  first  judiciallie  convict  of 
the  crime  and  likewise  give  his  free  consent  to 
the  transportation  in  open  Court.  Far  less  can 
any  British  subject  with  out  consenting  thereto 
be  sold  or  oblidged  to  serve  for  any  space  of 
years  unless  the  former  Laws  were  either  alto- 
gether abrogate  or  the  effect  of  them  suspended 
for  a  certain  time — neither  of  which  as  we  conceive 
can  here  be  pretended.  Wee  are  all  of  us  now 


*  Clan  Chattan  (Mackintosh)  names. 


taken  from  aboard  the  Ship,  and  the  remaining 
part  of  us  imprisoned  in  York  Town  (where  our 
entertainment  is  very  ordinary)  except  seven  or 
eight  of  our  number,  who  each  of  them  pay  the 
Master  of  the  Ship  five  guineas  for  their  passage, 
who  are  still  detained  aboard,  upon  what  design 
wee  conceive  not,  only  two  of  that  number 
excepted,  John  Stewart  and  William  Maxwell, 
who  upon  Sunday  last  were  carried  from  aboard, 
and  taken  up  the  River  upon  what  design  wee 
know  not. 

It  is  therefore  hoped  your  Excellency  will 
consider  our  present  circumstances  and  give  such 
orders  for  our  liberation  as  in  Justice  you  shall 
see  fitt,  or  be  pleased  to  call  one  or  two  of  our 
number  before  you  and  hear  us  upon  the  subject 
NOBMAN  SHAW. 

Swatow,  China. 


CONCERNING     THE     GRANDFATHER 

AND    FATHER    OF    SIR    GEORGE 

ETHEREGE. 

(See  ante,  p.  341.) 

A  LETTER  of  September,  1625,  sent  by  the 
Company  to  Capt.  Henry  Woodhouse, 
Governor,  printed  in  Lefroy's  '  Memorials,' 
is  of  interest  in  itself,  and  because  it  is  signed 
by  12  of  the  Company  who  subscribe  them- 
selves "  Your  euer  loving  ffrends."  The 
name  of  "  George  Etheredge  "  is  the  last. 
This  letter  asserts  : — 

The  Somer  Islands,  we  take  to  be  noe  comon- 
wealth  but  a  private  Inheritance  inclosed  to  the 
use  of  the  Purchasers,  Yet  we  graunt  that  if  a 
Virginia  shipp-  be  driven  distressed  indeed  vpon 
those  Islands  as  sometymes  it  soe  falls  out  It 
ought  in  reason  to  be  relieved.  But  this  case  is 
farr  otherwise,  forr  if  shippes  of  Holland  or 
of  our  own  coast  townes  wch  haue  noe  interest 
nor  inheritance  here,  under  couller  of  distresse 
to  be  relieved,  shall  observe  there  tymes  to  prvent 
us  in  bringinge  pmisions,  and  driving  a  trade  wth 
our  Tennants  and  Servants  bearing  away  our 
Cropp,  and  taking  the  pryme  of  our  marketts  here, 
whereby  (as  the  proverbe  is)  we  fish  after  there 
netts,  as  this  late  shipp  of  Bristol,  wch  returned 
wth  as  much  tobacco  as  of  that  kind  furnished 
halfe  this  kingdome  for  one  whole  yeare  for  what 
case  are  wee  if  you  suffer  these  t  hinges.  Wee 
plant  and  they  reape. 

The  Bermudans  are  advised  to  deny 
such  traders  "  trade  or  entertaynment." 
If  the  Bristol  ship  returns  she  is  not  to  leave 
port  until  she  has  paid  4d.  a  pound  for  the 
Company's  use  on  the  tobacco  she  had 
previously  carried  away.  Then  comes  com- 
plaint of  the  quality  of  the  tobacco  shipped. 
Then  advice  to  the  planters  to  plant  sugar- 
cane, grape-vines  and  mulberry-shoots,  and 
to  look  out  for  them  once  planted,  keeping 
them  free  from  ants  and  worms.  They  send 
"  silke  seeds  w<*  came  of  this  last  yeares 


12 S.X.MAY  is,  1922.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


363 


Spannish  wormes,"  and  beg  the  planters  to 
return  specimens  of  their  first  year's  trial  of 
silk-producing.  The  owners  declare  : — 

It  cannott  be  denyed  but  that  the  wrongs  done 
unto  vs  by  our  Tennants  in  those  Islands  hath  soe 
discouraged  the  most  of  vs  that  wee  were  ready 
to  give  over  the  Plantacon. 
They  commend  Gov.  Woodhouse's  admini- 
stration of  an  oath  "  to  p*vent  their  devices." 
This  seems  to  have  met  with  small  favour, 
and  in  the  protest  the  Rev.  Mr.  Stirke  and 
the  Rev.  Mr.  Bernard  had  joined.  The 
owners  say,  "  In  truth  we  could  wish  you 
had  proceeded  in  a  more  milder  manner  wth 
them  both,"  as  ministers  are  very  valuable 
to  the  community  and  other  ministers  will 
not  go  out  unless  they  expect  good  treat- 
ment. The  Earl  of  Warwick  has  long  known 
Mr.  Bernard  and  pleads  in  his  behalf.  Mr. 
Stirke  complains  that  he  has  not  received 
any  of  his  last  year's  salary  of  5401bs. 
of  tobacco  and  is  in  great  want.  Certain 
private  individuals  ask  for  cedar-trees  to 
be  cut  from  their  own  lands  and  the  Governor 
is  asked  to  investigate  the  matter  of  the 
Widow  Jacob's  goods,  which  were  landed  on 
the  island  but  seem  to  have  been  lost  and 
for  which  she  has  not  received  restitution 
(Lefroy,  op.  cit.,  i.,  pp.  357-61). 

Another  letter  to  Gov.  Woodhouse,  dated 
March  21,  1625/6,  contains  this  item  : — 

Thirdlie  the  9  ounces  of  Ambergreece  found 
floating  within  the  bounds  of  Mr  Etheridge  his 
land,  we  suppose  it  to  be  in  the  nature  of  a 
wracke  and  that  according  to  our  lawes  the  one 
moyetie  of  the  fynders  pte  wch  is  one  quarter 
of  the  whole  belongs  to  Mr  Etheridge  the  other 
moyetie  thereof  belonging  to  the  Oompanie  we 
have  receaued. 

This   letter   is   printed   by   Lefroy,    '  Me- 
morials,' i.,  pp.  372-78,  who  gives  10  names 
,  of  the  signers  and  then  says,  "  and  12  more 
names."     Was  Etherege's  name  one  ? 

A  letter  from  the  Bermuda  Company 
"  To  the  Inhabitants  and  Planters  of  the 
Somer  Islands,"  London,  Sept.  20,  1626, 
announces  the  sending  of  Capt.  Phillip 
Bell,  Esq.,  as  Governor  and  successor  to 
Capt.  Woodhouse.  This  letter  cautions 
against  excessive  planting  of  tobacco,  as 
some  other  employment  "  in  short  tyme 
may  be  of  more  profitt  and  better  repu- 
tacon."  It  urges  the  planting  of  mulberry  - 
trees  and  aniseed,  and  protests  against  the 
sending  of  poor  tobacco,  as  Virginia  or 
Spanish  tobacco  is,  much  of  it,  better  than 
that  from  the  Somers  Islands.  The  com- 
plaint is  made  that  the  tenants  are  not 
dealing  fairly  with  the  owners,  the  former 
putting  so  many  charges  on  the  owners 


that  the  latter's  profit  is  entirely  eaten  up. 
The  owners  refuse  to  stand  for  servants' 
wages  but  will  pay  their  share  of  the  levy 
on  the  marketable  crop  for  the  mainten- 
ance of  the  King's  Castle.  This  letter  is 
signed  by  14  members.  Fifth  in  the  list  is 
"  Georg  Etheridg  "  (ibid.,  i.,  pp.  397-99). 

A  part  of  the  difficulty  came  from  the 
imposition  of  9d.  a  pound  by  the  Crown 
through  the  establishment  of  a  royal 
monopoly  of  tobacco  by  1625.  It  was 
impossible  for  the  settlers  to  pay  this  and 
make  a  profit.  Some  suffered  arrest  for 
debt  (Scott,  op.  cit.,  ii.,  p.  291).  The 
company  appealed  to  Parliament,  which 
appealed  to  Charles  I.,  stating  that  this 
imposition  was  six  times  greater  than  that 
due  according  to  the  charter.  Aside  from 
this,  the  island  was  in  a  prosperous  way  by 
1629,  increasing  in  population  and  live  stock 
(ibid.,  ii.,  p.  292). 

According  to  the  lawsuit  early  referred 
to,  the  oldest  son  of  George  Etherege,  the 
shareholder,  was  in  Bermuda  in  1628. 
The  following  extract  from  the  Bermuda 
records,  "At  a  Council  [in  Bermuda],  20 
Decem.,  1630,"  indicates  that  he  was  still 
there,  was  called  Capt.  George  Etherege  and 
had  probably  become  resident  on  his  father's 
property. 

In  a  contraversy  betweene  Thomas  Jennings 
on  the  one  part,  and  Mr  George  Etheridg  on  the 
other  parte.  We  whose  names  are  herevnder 
written  being  Deputed  to  decide  the  same  differ- 
ence, by  order  from  the  Bight  Worll  Capt  Roger 
Wood  Esquier  Goumor  and  Capt  general!  of  the 
Somer  Islands  wth  consent  of  both  parties,  doe 
conclude  agree  and  Arbitrate  in  maner  ffollowing. 

Imps  on  condition  that  Capt  Jennings  do 
absolutely  leaue  the  Land  that  hee  lately  had  in 
occupation  in  Pagett's  Tribe  into  the  hands 
of  the  said  George  Etheridg :  in  recompence 
thereof  the  said  George  Etheridg  is  to  pay  vnto 
the  said  Capt  Jennings  ffor  his  seuerall  Laboures 
and  buildings  The  particular  sommes  of  To- 
bacco ffollowing  :• — • 

ffor   ffilling    3    acres    of   Land  at  24  Ib. 

tobac  per  aker  .  .  .  .  . .      72  Ibs. 

ffor  150  ffoote  of  Tobacco  Housing  newly 

built 72£ 

ffor   building    2   roomes   and   turning  a 

paire  of  stayers          . .  .  .  . .      64 

ffor  rebuilding  a  kitchen  freely  given    . .        0 
ffor   newe   buildinge   Storehouse   at   the 

water  side       . .          . .          . .          ..15 

ffor  paleing  of  a  garden  . .  .  .  . .        4 

ffor  a  Locke  and  a  key  for  the  dwelling 

House  . .          . .  . .          . .        8 

ffor  setting  a  Table,  Bench  and  Dresser 

in  (he  kitchen  .  .  .  .  . .        4 

ffor  a  Locke  on  the  kitchen  dore . .          . .        4 

ffor  making  a  greate  water  Trough       . .      20 
ffor  making  2  Hog  troughes       . .          . .        4 


364 


NOTES'  AND  QUERIES.        ,  12  a  x.  MAY  is.  1022. 


ffor  arerages  for  seruants  2  yeares          . .    220 

ffor  8000  eares  of  corne  at  121bs.  tob. 

per  M  96 

ffor  Potatoes  on  the  groimd  alloweing 
vnto  Capt  Jennings  lOOlb.  weight 
of  planting  roots  . .  . .  . .  100 

ffor  a  Diall  and  an  Iron  hoope    . .  . .        4 

687 

Prouided  alwaies..  and  it  is  expressely  agreed 
that  Mr  George  Etheridge  shall  not  make  It 
appeare  by  the  next  from  England,  out  of  John 
Brookes  his  letters  to  his  Landlord  Capt  George 
Etheridg,  that  he  the  said  John  Brookes  hath 
not  accoumpted  fformerly  to  the  said  Capt 
Etheridge  the  charge  of  Building  the  Warehouse 
at  the  waterside  with  Locke  and  hinges  therevnto 
belonginge,  and  alsoe  the  charge  of  making 
3  water  Troughes  now  remaining  about  the 
dwelling  house  Then  the  said  Mr  George 
Ethridge  shall  pay  vnto  Capt  Jennings  soe 
much  Tobacco  for  the  said  Warehouse  and 
Troughs  as  shalbe  aiudged  by  Workemen.  In 
witness  whereof  wee  haue  herevnto  sett  our 
hands  the  day  and  year  aboue  written 

WILLIAM  SAYLE       THOMAS  WOOD 
CHRIST.  PARKER       RICHARD  SOUTHWORTH 
(Lefroy,  op.  cit.,  i.,  pp.  520-21.) 

The  report  of  doings  "  At  a  Council 
Table  [Bermuda]  17  Jan.  1630/1,"  records 
the  charge  against  John  Rose,  master  of 
the  "  Shipp  Tyger  Rideing  at  anker  in  the 
king's  castle  harbour  in  the  Somer  Islands," 
of  speaking  treason  or  petty  treason  in 
November,  1630.  The  charge  was  made 
by  Mr.  Nathaniell  Ward.  Rose  and  Ward 
had  some  words  about  stealing  custom  of 
tobacco.  Rose  said,  "  That  he  would 
steale  the  coustome  of  his  tobacco  in 
despight  of  the  Coustomers,  and  the  king's 
teeth."  Ward  reproved  him,  whereat  Rose 
appeared  very  sorrowful.  Nathaniell  Stowe, 
also  present,  said  Rose  had  so  spoken,  was 
sorrowful  and  had  said  to  Ward,  "  You  doe 
so  vex  me  that  you  make  me  say  you  know 
not  what."  Then  was  heard 

the  attestation  of  Mr.  Georg  Etheredge  vpon 
oath  who  saith  that  vpon  some  speeches  that 
grewe  betweene  Capt  Chaddocke  and  John  Hose 
about  coustome  of  tobacco,  th'e  said  Hose  said 
in  his  hearing  that  he  would  steal  coustome  of 
Tobacco  in  despight  of  his  Maties  teeth  and  his 
coustomers.  (Signed)  GEO  ETHERIDGE. 

The  Governor  and  Council  decided  Rose 
should  be  committed  to  prison  till  the 
departure  of  the  ship  and  reported  to  the 
honorable  Company.  The  ship  sailed  Jan. 
20,  1630/1,  three  days  after  the  judgment 
was  passed  (ibid.  i.  pp.  522-23). 

The  '  Colonial  Records,  Bermuda,  Deeds, 
&c.,  A.D.  1622  to  1676  '  (in  the  Office  of  the 
Colonial  Secretary,  Hamilton,  Bermuda), 


give  (p.  3)  the  deed  of  transfer  of  the  land 
known  as  "  Incognita  "  lying  between  (?  MS. 
torn  here)  the  land  "  of  George  Etheridge, 
Vintnor  and  Sir  Will  Wade  "  from  William 
Burgis  to  Michael  Evans  on  May  3,  1643. 
The  deed  next  entered  conveys  the  two 
shares  "  Incognita  "  from  Michael  Evans  to 
Laurence  Underwood  on  Sept.  15,  1645. 
The  position  of  the  land  is  here  similarly  de- 
scribed. 

When  Richard  Norwood's  survey  of  1662/3 
was  published  with  a  map,  a  list'of  the  ad- 
venturers .and  their  holdings  was  given  with 
the  latter,  numbered  according  to  the  allot- 
ments on  the  map.  Under  "  Pagets  Tribe  " 
holding  32  is  listed  as  in  the  possession  of 

Mr  Henry  Moore  of  Pembroke  Tribe  (formerly 
Capt  George  Etheridge)  foure  shares  in  the  occupa- 
tion of  severall  tennants.  ...  In  all  foure 
shares  lying  together  ;  Abutting  at  ye  south  end 
vppon  Long  pont  and  bayes  in  Crow-lane  called 
ye  salt  kettles.  Lying  betweene  ye  lands  last 
before  entred  to  ye  eastward,  and  ye  lands  next 
following  to  ye  westward  cont?  98  [acres]. 

Lefroy  reproduces  Norwood's  1663  map 
opposite  p.  645,  vol.  ii.,  where  allotment 
numbered  32,  Paget's  Tribe,  is  seen  to  be 
identical  with  allotment  13  in  the  same  tribe 
on  the  1622  map. 

The  Manchester  Papers  in  the  Public 
Record  Office,  at  present  inaccessible  to  me, 
might  give  more  precise  information  as  to 
when  Etherege  disposed  of  his  shares  in  the 
Somers  Islands  Company. 

The  Etherege  family  history  in  the  course 
of  the  seventeenth  century  affords  pic- 
turesque contrasts.  The  grandfather  ap- 
pears as  a  solid  substantial  gentleman- 
citizen,  with  large  vision,  eager  to  equip 
his  sons  well  for  life,  to  bring  about  advan- 
tageous marriages  for  all  his  children,  pre- 
serving  his  confidence  in  plantation  enter- 
prises when  others  were  ready  to  give  them 
over,  and  sending  out  his  oldest  son  as  a 
young  Bermuda  planter.  This  son,  Capt. 
George  Etherege,  figures  favourably  in  the 
island  councils  and  is  preoccupied  with 
tobacco  warehouses,  water-troughs,  hog- 
troughs  and  the  minutiae  of  the  planter's  life 
of  that  time.  How  soon  after  his  marriage 
did  he  return  to  Bermuda,  one  wonders, 
and  was  his  oldest  son,  the  future  dramatist, 
born  there  ?  The  latter  part  of  the  grand- 
father's life  is  reflected  in  the»  lawsuit  sum- 
marized in  my  earlier  paper  (The  Times 
Literary  Supplement,  Feb.  16,  1922).  By 
1656  his  oldest  son,  Capt.  Etherege,  has 
died ;  his  unsatisfactory  and  undutiful 
second  son,  John,  has  brought  suit  to 


12  S.  X.  MAY  13.  1922.  | 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


365 


prevent  provision  for  the  six  children  of 
Capt.  Etherege,  left  without  means  of  sup- 
port until  the  grandfather  transfers  to  their 
use  his  property  in  Kent  at  the  instigation  of 
their  uncle,  John  Powney,  and  uncle  by 
marriage,  John  Whitfield,  who  are  to  hold  it 
in  trust. 

The  fine  old  grandfather  is  by  this  time 
a  man  of  about  80  years,  sick  in  body, 
distressed  in  mind.  There  is  a  very  human 
appeal  in  his  depositions  when  he  states 
his  plans  and  provisions  for  his  two  sons 
and  their  frustration,  and  his  making  pro- 
vision for  his  grandchildren  "  as  in  nature 
and  conscience  he  thought  he  was  bound 
to  do." 

By  1664  his  grandson,  the  young  drama- 
tist, has  seen  his  first  play  successfully  pro- 
duced and  is  taken  into  the  courtly  group  of 
gentlemen  wits  and  boon  companions  of 
Charles  II.  Thereafter  his  life  in  London 
is  what  we  should  expect  of  the  companion 
of  Rochester  and  Sedley.  In  1670  he  is 
secretary  to  the  English  Ambassador  to 
Constantinople,  Sir  Daniel  Harvey,  and 
writes  from  there  a  colourful  description 
of  the  arrival  of  \  the  Grand  Signior  ( The 
Times  Literary  Supplement,  Nov.  10,  1921). 
His  finest  play,  '  The  Man  of  Mode,' 
produced  in  1676,  was  dedicated  to  the 
Duchess  of  York  and  represented  actual 
gallants  of  the  courtly  group  in  thinly 
veiled  disguise  upon  the  stage.  His  knight- 
ing and  marriage  belong  to  1679  apparently. 
By  1685  he  is  made  English  Ambassador  to 
Ratisboii,  well  provided  for  financially  by 
allowance  and  pension,  but  exiled  from 
London  and  his  friends,  and  conscious,  as  he 
says  in  his  letter  to  Dry  den,  that  "  Nature 
no  more  intended  me  for  a  Politician  than  she 
did  you  for  a  Courtier  "  ('  Letter  Book,'  p. 
65,  Brit.  Mus.,  Add.  MS.  11,513).  One  loses 
sight  of  him  after  January,  1689.  His  sense 
of  his  own  uselessness  at  Ratisbon,  after 
the  governmental  change  in  England,  prob- 
ably led  to  his  flight  to  Paris  reported  by 
his  secretary.  Only  Luttrell,  in  his  '  Diary,' 
records  his  death  by  February,  1691,  in  Paris 
(see  also  The  Times  Literary  Supplement, 
Feb.  23,  1922). 

This  investigation  of  the  family  history  is 
not  without  value  as  proof  of  the  excellence 
of  the  stock  and  the  respectability .  of  the 
Etherege  family  prior  to  that  age  of  licence, 
the  Restoration.  D.  FOSTER. 

Mount  Holyoake  College,  South  Hadley, 
Mass.,  U.S.A. 


MONUMENTAL        INSCRIPTIONS       IN 

BEDFORD    CHURCHES,    CHAPELS 

AND   BURIAL-GROUNDS. 

ST.  PETER  DE  MERTON. 
(See  ante,  p.  325.) 

17.  2£yds.  e.  from  16  on  a  m.u.s.  ;  w.f.w. 
Sacred  to  the  memory  of  Grace,  daughter  of  John 
and  Mary  Ann  Little,  of  the  Crescent,  Bedford, 
and  late  of  Pitchcombe  House,  Gloucestershire. 
She  died  January  7th,  1838. 
"  Thou  art  gone  to  the  grave,  but  'twere  wrong 

to  deplore  thee, 
When  God  was  thy  ransom,  thy  guardian,  and 

guide  ; 
He  gave    thee,    He    took    thee,    and    He    will 

restore  thee. 

And  death  hath  no  sting,  for  the  Saviour  hath 
died." 

18.  2ft.  n.  from  17  on  a  med.  bath  s.  ;    w.f.w., 
rapidly  perishing.     In  affectionate  remembrance 
of    Sarah    Cowlgrave,*  who    departed    this    life 
D  ...  25,  185(1?),  aged  43  years.      ..so  Henry 
Cowlgrave,  who  departed  this  life  June  5,   1841~. 
aged  11  years. 

19.  2£yds.  e.  from  18  on  a  m.u.s.  ;   w.f.w.       In 
memory  of  Mary,  relic  of  Richard  Barker,  late 
of  St.  Mary's  Parish,  departed  this  life  October 
17th,  1832,  aged  61  years. 

"  The  Lord  gave,  and  the  Lord  hath  taken  away  ; 
blessed  be  the  name  of  the  Lord." 

20.  l£ft.  s.  from   19  on  a  m.u.s.  ;    w.f.w.       In 
memory  of  Charles  (son  of)  Benjamin  and  Mary 
Clay,  died  June  28th,   1811,  aged    1  year   and  3 
months.     Also  of  John  Clay,  son  of  the  above, 
died  August  10th,  1832,  aged  10  years. 

21.  lO^yds.  e.    from    20  on    a    m.u.s.  ;    w.f.w. 
Sacred  to  the  memory  of  James  Robert  Storrs, 
many  years  Captain  in  the  Bedford  Militia,  and 
late  of  the  First  Royal  Veterans,  who  died  July  7, 
1828,  aged  67  years. 

"  Blessed  are  the  dead  which  die  in  the  Lord,  from 
henceforth  yea  saith  the  spirit,  that  they  may  rest 
from  their  labours  and  their  works  do  follow  them." 

22.  Close  to  21  n.  from  it  on  a  m.u.s.  ;    w.f.w. 
In  memory  of  William  Drew,  who  died  Deer.  23, 
1810,  aged  44  years. 

23.  If  yds.   from   21   on    a  t.u.s.  ;     w.f.w.       In 
memory   of   Elizabeth,   daughtr.   of    Willm.   and 
Margaret   Tucker,    who    died    Jany.    28th,    1851, 
aged  34  years.     Also  the  above  Margaret  Tucker, 
who  died  May  6,  1852,  aged  72  years. 

24.  3yds.   n.e.   from  23  on  a  t.  and  broad  u.s.  ; 
w.f.w.     In   memory   of   John   Horn  Gow,  Esqr., 
who  departed  this  life  on  the  7th  of  November, 
1844,  aged  47  years. 

"His  life  was  hid  with  Christ  in  God;  when 
Christ  who  was  his  life  shall  appear,  then  shall  he 
also  appear  with  him  in  glory." — Colossians  iii.  34. 

25.  1ft.  s.  from  24  on  a   very   s.u.s.  ;     w.f.w., 
13Jins.  w.,  13Jhigh.    To  the  memory  of  Elizabeth 
Willes,  who  died  July  llth,  1840,  aged  5  months. 

26.  lyd.  e.  from  25  on  a  m.u.s.  ;   w.f.e.  and  w. 
Ici  reposonfc  les  restes  mortels  do  Jean  Frangois 
Dupont,   natie  de  la  ville  de   Dijon  en  France, 


*  1851.    Sarah  Colgrave,  St.  Peter's,  Deer.,   28; 
44  years.     G.  A.  Burnaby,  Rector. 


366 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        ri2S.  x. MAVIS,  1922. 


ex  soldat  volontaire  du  83.  regiment  de  I'armiee 
imperiale  et  prpfesseur  de  langue  franchise  en  cette 
ville  depuis  quinze  ans.  II  eut  un  ami,  son  epouse 
n'ador,  il  est  mort  chreti  .  .  .  lundi,  6  Juin,  1831, 
age  34  an-.  John  Francis  Dupont,  son  of  John 
Francis  Dupont  and  Maria  Henley  his  wife,  born 
February  5th,  1828,  died  February  27th,  1828. 

27.  1ft.    s.  from  26    on  a   m.u.s.  ;    w.f.w.     In 
memory    of    Isaac     Henley     Handscomb,    born 
March  3rd,  1767,  died  March  10th,  1838. 

28.  1ft.  s.    from    27  on  a  m.u.s.  ;    w.f.w.     In 
memory  of  Anne  the  beloved  wife  of  Isaac  Henley 
Handscomb,  born  July  6th,  1768,  died  March  14th, 
1845. 

"  Blessed  are  the  pure  in  heart,  for  they  shall 
see  God." 

29.  l|yd.  n.e.    from    26   on   a   m.u.s.  ;    w.f.w. 
Sacred   to   the   memory   of   Charlotte   Edwards, 
daughter  of  John  and  Charlotte  Edwards,  who  de- 
parted this  life  September  15th,  1834,  aged  14  years. 

30.  6ins.    n.    from     29* on    a   m.u.s.;     w.f.w. 
Sacred  to  the  memory  of  Lois  Cleeve,  relict  of 
the  late  Revd.  Alexander  Cleeve,  who  died  the 
4th  of  April,  1837,  aged  85. 

"  Calm  on  the  bosom  of  thy  God, 

Fair  spirit,  rest  thee  now, 
E'en  while  with  us  thy  footsteps  trod 

His  seal  was  on  thy  brow ; 
Dust  to  its  narrow  home  beneath, 

Soul  to  its  peace  on  high, 
They  that  have  seen  thy  look  in  death 

No  more  may  fear  to  die." 

31.  2yds.  e.  from  30,  on   a  square-shaped  and 
rather  tall  wh.  s.  altar  tomb  surmounted  by  an  urn 
the  lower  part  of  which  has  carved  foliage,  above 
which  are  four  cherubs'  heads  at  sides.     The  tomb 
is  surrounded  by  iron  rails  about  3ft.  high. 

s.  In  memory  of  James  Hallowell,  who  de- 
parted this  life  on  the  30  of  April,  1830,  in  the  81st 
year  of  his  age. 

e.  In  memory  of  Susanna,  wife  of  James 
Hallowell,  who  departed  this  life  or»  the  1 6fch  of 
Febry.,  1829,  in  the  69th  year  of  his  age. 

n.  Blank. 

w.  In  memory  of  Mary,  the  wife  of  James 
Hallowell,  who  departed  this  life  on  the  19th  May, 
1809,  in  the  -9  (?)  year  of  his  age.  Wing. 

32.  4|yds.    e.    from    31,    on   a   m.u.s.  ;     w.f  w. 
Ann,  the  wife  of  William  Hall,  departed  this  life 
February  the  14th,  1836,  aged  57  years.     Also  of 
William  Hall,  who  died  Novr.   10th,   1840,  aged 
63  years. 

33.  2  yds.   e.   from    32,   on  a   m.u.s.  ;     w.f.w. 
In  memory  of  John  Peer,  who  died  Dec.  31st,  1821, 
aged  3  years,  also  of  Sarah  Pjeer,  who  died  Nov. 
2nd,  1839,  aged  14  years,  and  of  John  Peer,  who 
died  Oct.   23rd,    1844,  aged    13  years,  sous  and 
daughter  of  William  and  Jane  Peer. 

"  All  that  pass  by  behold  this  stone 
And  mind  how  soon  these  were  cut  down. 
Death  doth  not  Always  warning  give, 
So  pray  be  careful  how  you  live.' ' 

34.  6in.  n.  from  33,  on  a  m.u.s.  ;    w.f.w.     In 
memory  of  William  Peer,  who  departed  this  life 
March  the  30th,  1846,  aged  58  years. 

"  Life  is  uncertain." 

35.  8  yds.  e.  from  34,  on  a  m.u.s.  ;    w.f.w.     In 
memory  of  John  Sanders,  who  departed  this  life 
on  the '2 2nd  of  June,  1847,  aged  45  years,  also  of 


Sarah  Sanders,  wife  of  the  above,  who  died  July 
12,  1871.     Aged  72  .  .ar. 

36.  lyd.  s.e.  from  35,  on  a  m.u.s.  ;    w.f.w.     In 
memory  of  three  dear  little  children  of  Edwd. 
Moore    and    Beatrice    Jane    Boultbee.     Sydney 
Beatrice,  died  March  13th,  1855,  aged  5  years  8 
months.     Sydney  Frederick,  died  Novr.  2  (?),  1845, 
aged  9  months  26  days.     Sydney  Beatrice,  died 
Feby.  29th  .  .  .,  aged  10  months  (?)  days. 

"  Of  s  .  .  ." 

37.  IJyd.  s.  from  36,  on  a  m.u.s.  ;    w.f.w.     "  I 
heard    a    voice    from    Heaven    saying    unto    me, 
Write,   Blessed  are  the   dead  which  die   in  the 
Lord." — -14th  Rev.,  13th  V.    Sacred  to  the  memory 
of  Edwd.   Symons   Ommanney,   Esqre.,  who  de- 
parted this  life  May  9th,  1848,  aged  68.     (There  is 
a  stone   body-length  to  this  grave  with  a  carved 
cross  full  length.) 

38.  2ft.  s.  from  37,  on  a  m.u.s.  ;    w.f.w.,  which 
also  has  a  stone  body-length  and  a  similar  carved 
cross  as   37.     In  memory  of  Catherine,  relict  of 
John     Moray,    Esq.,    of     Elstead,    Sussex,    obt. 
November  21,  1847,  aetat  70. 

39.  lyd.  s.  from  38,  on  a  m.u.s.  ;  w.f.w.     Sacred 
to  the  memory  of  William  Macaulay,  only  child 
of  William  Drake  Bayment  and  Mary  Ann,  his 
wife,  born  January  5th,  1831,  died  July  25th,  1845. 

"  Weep  not  for  me,  I  live  with  Christ." 

40.  IJyd.  s.  from  39,  on  a  long  ob.  wh.  s.  altar 
tomb,  about  5yds.  e.  from  chancel  window. 

s.  In  memory  of  Thomas  Lynch  Goleborn, 
Esquire, '  who  died  at  Brickhill  House  in  this 
parish,  January  7th,  1837,  aged  66  years. 

e.  In  memory  of  Catherine,  only  daughter  of 
Thomas  L.  Goleborn,  Esqr.,  and  Catherine  his 
wife,  who  died  March  28,  1813,  aged  48  years. 
Miller. 

n.  In  memory  of  Catherine,  wife  of  Thomas 
Lynch  Goleborn,  Esquire,  who  died  at  Brickhill 
House  in  this  parish,  February  2nd,  1839,  aged  74 
years. 

w.  Coat  of  arms. 

41.  2ft.  s.  from  40,  on  a  m.u.  and  narrow  s.  ; 
w.f.w.     In  memory  of  George  Sutton,  who  died 
Febry.  22d,  1813,  aged  62  years. 

42.  l£ft.  s.  from  41,  on  a  t.u.s.  ;    w.f.w.     In 
memory  of  Charles  Purser,*  who  departed  this  life 
February  10th,  1834,  in  the  64th  year  of  his  age. 

43.  l^ft.  s.  from  42,  on  a  m.u.s.  ;    w.f.w.     In 
memory  of  Elizabeth  Purser,  who   departed  this 
life  on  the  30th  of  January,  1829,  aged  70  years. 

L.  H.  CHAMBERS. 
(To  be  continued.) 


AN  ILLUSTRATION  OF  THE  BESTIARY?— 
In^Cutts's  '  Scenes  and  Characters  of  the 
Middle  Ages'  (London,  1902),  on  p.  473, 
is  an  illustration  from  a  manuscript,  in  the 
lower  margin  of  which  there  is  a  ship  sur- 
rounded by  a  flight  of  gulls  ;  a  whale  is  in 
the  foreground,  with  a  water-line  close  to  the 
top  of  its  body.  Close  by  is  a  rowboat  with 
two  persons  in  it.  On  the  whale  two  persons 
are  standing,  evidently  building  a  fire. 


*  Charles  Purser  was  churchwarden  in  1821. 


i2S.x.MAYi:M922.i        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


367 


At  the  left  corner,  in  a  foliated  circle,  is  an 
elephant  with  a  creature  below  which  seems 
to  be  an  imaginative  conception  of  a 
crocodile.  At  the  right,  in  a  similar  circle, 
is  an  ostrich.  Underneath  Cutts  has 
inscribed :  '  An  Early  Representation  of 
the  Whale  Fishery.'  In  the  text  he  further 
comments  : — 

A  very  curious  and  interesting  manuscript 
(Add.  27,695)  recently  acquired  by  the  British 
Museum,  which  appears  to  be  of  Genoese  *Art,  and 
of  date  about  A.D.I  420  .  .  .  in  the  lower  margin  of 
folio  9  v.,  has  an  exceedingly  interesting  picture 
of  a  whaling  scene,  which  we  are  very  glad  to 
introduce  as  a  further  illustration  of  the  commerce 
and  shipping  of  this  early  period.  It  will  be  seen 
that  the  whale  has  been  killed,  and  the  successful 
adventurers  are  "  cutting  out  "  the  blubber  very 
much  after  the  modern  fashion. 

I  cannot  see  that  the  whale  has  been  killed, 
or  that  the  hunters  are  cutting  out  the 
blubber  after  any  fashion.  It  seems  to  me 
that  this  is  an  illustration  of  the  whale  as  we 
find  him  discussed  in  the  Bestiaries.  His 
partially  exposed  back  is  taken  by  the 
mariners  for  an  island.  They  hasten  to  it 
and  build  a  fire,  before  which  they  warm 
themselves  and  take  their  ease.  Then,  as 
the  whale  feels  the  heat  of  the  fire,  he  sinks 
to  the  bottom  of  the  ocean  and  the  mariners 
perish.  The  portion  illustrated  is  the  landing 
and  the  kindling  of  the  fire. 

ROBERT  MAX  GARRETT. 

University  of  Washington,  Seattle,  U.S.A. 

"  TIGHT  "  AND  OTHER  EQUINE  TERMS. — 
,"  It's  just  what  I  should  call  a  tightish  sort 
o'  cob,"  said  a  witness  in  a  horse  case  tried 
before  a  northern  County  Court  judge  the 
other  day.  Now  of  all  trials  the  average 
judge  likes  horse  cases  the  least.  Each 
part  of  the  country  has  its  own  equine 
vocabulary  in  addition  to  the  recognized 
(but  no  less  archaic  and  cryptic  to  the 
"unhorsey")  terminology  employed  by 
Shakespeare  and  for  generations  by  those 
connected  with  horses.  The  judge  in  ques- 
tion had  to  ask  for  a  translation  of  the  well- 
known  northern  expression  "  a  tight  (or 
tightish)  horse."  This  was  not  readily 
forthcoming,  insomuch  as  locally  "  a  tight 
little  horse  "  is  nothing  more  or  less  than  a 
tight  little  horse.  Eventually  another  wit- 
ness came  to  the  rescue  and. put  the  col- 
loquialism into  other  words,  which,  in  a 
roundabout  way,  conveyed  the  same  sense. 

"  He  means  a  useful,  short-coupled,  well- 
balanced,  thick-set,  '  naggified  '  sort  of  tit,  your 
honour — not  necessarily  free  from  some  blemish, 
but  an  animal  which  fills  the  eye  and  is.  like  doing 
its  job." 


"  Then  do  I  take  it  that  if  the  horse  in  question 
had  been  long-backed,  and  what  the  witness 
describes  as  '  short  of  a  rib  '  (whatever  that  may 
mean),  it  would  not  have  been  a  '  tight  little 
horse  '  in  the  language  of  the  north  ?  "  asked  the 
judge. 

"  That  is  so,"  was  the  reply. 

A  classical  description  of  a  horse  trial  is 
to  be  found  in  Surtees's  famous  '  Handley 
Cross,'  in  which  Mr.  Jorrocks  was  sued  and 
his  famous  Northumbrian  huntsman,  James 
Pigg,  gave  evidence.  The  judge  remarked 
that  an  interpreter  was  necessary. 

The  term  "  tight  "  is  not  confined  in  its 
application  to  horses,  for  cows  and  fat  beasts 
are  frequently  so  described.  One  hears 
butchers  and  stock-feeders  speaking  of 
' '  tightish ' '  bullocks.  The  word  is  invariably 
one  of  praise  or  commendation  which  may  be 
qualified  by  a  prefix — "just  niceish,  tight 
sort  o'  bullocks,"  and  so  on. 

J.  FAIRFAX-BLAKEBOROUGH. 

SIR  JOHN  BOURNE,  on  the  accession  of 
Queen  Mary,  became  one  of  the  twro  Secre- 
taries of  State,  the  other  being  Sir  William 
Petre,  who  resigned  in  March,  1557,  being 
succeeded  by  John  Boxall.  Sir  John  re- 
signed in  April,  1558,  but  retained  his 
membership  of  the  Privy  Council  till  Queen 
Mary's  death  (Dasent,  '  Acts  of  the  Privy 
Council,'  vi.,  pp.  70,  300).  He  was  knighted. 
Oct.  2,  1553  (Shaw,  '  Knights  of  England,' 
ii.,  p.  66).  Who  were  his  parents  ?  Was 
he  brother  or  uncle  to  Gilbert  Bourne,  Bishop 
of  Bath  and  Wells  ?  He  possessed  property 
in  Worcestershire,  including  the  Manor  of 
Battenhall,  in  the  parish  of  St.  Peter, 
Worcester,  to  which  manor  he  retired  on  the 
accession  of  Queen  Elizabeth.  Soon  after- 
wards, as  High  Steward  of  Worcester 
Cathedral,  he  embarked  on  a  quarrel  with 
his  ancient  enemy,  Edwin  Sandys,  the  new 
Protestant  Bishop  of  Worcester,  which 
landed  him  in  the  Marshalsea  in  1563,  from 
which  he  emerged  at  the  cost  of  his  principles 
and  dignity.  He  died  in  1570,  leaving  at 
least  two  sons,  Anthony  and  Thomas,  both 
of  whom  were  recusants,  the  second  being 
mentioned  in  the  Concertatio  Ecclesice. 
See  Cal.  S.P.  Dom.,  1547-80,  223  ;  Strype, 
'  Annals,'  I.,  ch.  xxxv.  ;  '  Viet.  Hist., 
Worcestershire,'  ii.  47  sqq.  ;  Nash,  '  Worces- 
tershire,' i.  593-4.  Whom  did  he  marry  ? 
Bacon's  44th  Apophthegm  (Ellis  and  Spedd- 
ing)  begins  : — 

Secretary  Bourn's  son  kept  a  gentleman's  wife 
in  Shropshire,  who  lived  from  her  husband  with 
him.  When  he  was  weary  of  her,  he  caused  her 


368 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [12  s.  X.MAY  is,  1022. 


husband  to  be  dealt  with  to  take  her  home,  and 
offered  him  five  hundred  pounds  for  reparation. 
Is   it  known   to  which   of   Sir  John's   sons 
Bacon  refers  ? 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWR!IGHT. 

BRITISH  SETTLERS  IN  AMERICA. — In  con- 
tinuation of  my  note  at  12  S.  ix.  462,  the 
following  brief  notes  may  enable  descendants 
of  early  settlers  in  America  to  establish  con- 
nexion with  families  in  this  country. 

16.  Evelynton  Manor,  in  the  "  Baronie  of 
St.  Mary,"  was  conceded  to  the  Hon.  Geo. 
Evelyn   in    1638.     He   was   related   to   the 
Evelyn  family  of  Evelyn,  in.  the  county  of 
Salop,   and  went  out    as  agent  of    Clabery 
and  Co.  of  London  (Claibourne's  partners), 
and  superseded  that  person  on  that  person's 
departure  for  England  in  1637.     He  was  the 
means  of  bringing  Kent  Island  under  Lord 
Baltimore's  jurisdiction.     He  left  the  colony 
in  1638  and  returned  to  England,  but  he 
had  a  brother,  Capt.  Robert  Evelyn,  who 
was  more  interested  in  the  province.     The 
Evelyns  were  among  the  earliest  Royalists 
of    Quebec    Province.     John    Evelyn,    the 
accomplished  author  of   '  Sylva,'   was  con- 
nected with  this  family. 

17.  Fenwick    Manor,    on    Cat    Creek,    in 
1651  became  the  fief  of  Cuthbert  Fenwick, 
a  member  of  Lord  Baltimore's  council,  who 
was  connected  with  one  of  the  oldest  families 
in  Northumberland,  the  Fenwicks,  Lords  of 
Fenwyke,  temp.  Henry  I. 

In  1659  the  manor  house  was  the  scene  of 
the  trial  of  Edward  Prescott  for  "  hanging  a 
witch."  The  only  witness  who  was  sum- 
moned was  Colonel  John  Washington,  great- 
grandfather of  President  George  Washing- 
ton. When  the  day  arrived  for  the  trial, 
instead  of  the  witness  came  a  letter  of  excuse 
in  the  following  phraseology  :  "  Because 
then,  God  willing,  I  intend  to  gette  my 
yowng  sonne  baptized,  all  the  Company  and 
Gossips  being  allready  invited."  As  the 
witness  did  not  appear,  the  prisoner  was 
discharged. 

The  Right  Rev.  Edward  Fenwick,  the 
first  Roman  Catholic  Bishop  of  Cincinnati, 
was  a  descendant  of  Cuthbert,  whose  only 
brother,  Ignatius  Fenwick,  married  Sarah 
Taney,  of  the  family  that  produced  Chief 
Justice  Roger  Brooke  Taney,  of  the  United 
States  Supreme  Court.  Many  other  de- 
scendants of  the  Lords  of  Fenwick  Manor 
are  scattered  about  the  western  shore  and 
in  the  City  of  Baltimore. 

18.  William  Bretton,  accompanied  by  his 


wife  Mary,  daughter  of  Thomas  Tubbs,  and 
four-year-old  son,  went  over  in  1637,  and  in 
1640  got  a  grant  of  Lit  tie  "VBretton  Manor. 
The  house  was  built  of  English  brick  and 
is  still  standing.  It  has  a  "commanding 
position,  overlooking  St.  Clement's  Bay  and 
the  Potomac  River.  For  nearly  20  years 
he  was  clerk  of  the  Assembly.  Several 
members  of  this  family  settled  at  St.  John, 
New  Brunswick. 

19.  Portland    Manor,    in    Anne    Arundel 
County,  was  the  lordship  of  the^Darnalls, 
whose    ancestor,     Col.     Henry    Darnall,    a 
relative  of  Lord  Baltimore,  went  over  from 
London  twenty  years  before  the  Protestant 
revolution  in  England.     Woodyard,  another 
residence  of  this  family,  in  Prince  George's 
County,  is  in  existence  at  the  present  time, 
and  is  said  to  be  the  most  interesting  family 
residence    in    Maryland.     This    family    has 
many  descendants  residing  in  the  State,  also 
in  Ontario. 

20.  Doughoregan  Manor  was  the  seat  of 
the  Carrolls  of  Wicklow,  Ireland,  the  first 
of   whom   in   Maryland   was    Charles,    who 
landed  at  Annapolis  some  time  in  the  seven- 
teenth  century.     To   this   family   belonged 
two  celebrated  men  in  the  early  history  of 
the  United  States— Charles  Carroll  of  Car- 
rollton  (1737-1832),  who  was  the  last  signer 
of  the  Declaration  of  Independence,  and  the 
Right   Rev.    John   Carroll,   the  first  Vicar- 
General  of  the  United  States,  as  well  as  the 
first  archbishop  in  Maryland.     The  grand- 
son of  Charles  Carroll  of  Carrollton,  John 
Lee  Carroll,  was  onetime  Governor  of  Mary-* 
land. 

21.  Fordham    Manor,    by    royal    patent, 
Nov.  13,  1671,  was  granted  to  John  Archer, 
a   descendant    of   Humphrey   Archer,    born 
1527,  of  the  family  of  Archer  of  Launceston, 
Cornwall.     His  son  John,  second  lord  of  the 
manor,  married  Sarah  Oclell  in  1686.     The 
Odells  were  of  Limerick,  Ireland. 

22.  Gardiner    Manor    (3,300   acres),  Gar- 
diner's Island,  New  York,  was  granted  to 
Col.    Lionel     Gardiner    of    Castle    Coombe, 
Wiltshire.     It  was  in  the  possession  of  that 
family  to  1776. 

23.  St.    Elizabeth's    Manor,    on    Smith's 
Creek,    became   the   property   of  the   Hon. 
William  Bladen,  the  first  "  public  printer  " 
of  Maryland.     His   son  was   Gov.    Thomas 
Bladen,  who  married  Barbara,  daughter  of 
Sir  Thomas  Janssen.     Both  of  these  families 
hailed  from  London. 

24.  St.    Inigoe's    Manor,    in    St.    Mary's 
County,  was  owned  by  Thomas  Copley,  said 


12  s.x.  MAY  13,  i922.i         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


369 


to  have  been  of  the  family  of  Copley  of 
Sprotborough. 

25.  Queen's  Manor,  Long  Island,  was 
granted  in  1679  to  a  member  of  a  Lloyd 
family  of  distinguished  ancestry,  probably 
that  of  Dan-yr-allt,  Llangaclock,  Carmar- 
thenshire. JAMES  SETON  ANDERSON. 

39,  Carlisle  Road,  Hove,  Sussex. 


dguertetf. 

WE   must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest  j 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries 
in  order  that  answers  may  be  sent  to  them  direct. 


FURNEUX,  BERDEWELL  AND  DENNY 
FAMILIES. — I  should  be  glad  of  any  evidences 
which  might  throw  light  on  the  following 
genealogical  problems : — 

Sir  Robert  Denny  of  London,  knighted 
in  or  before  1390,  M.P.  for  Cambridgeshire 
1391-3,  Lieutenant  of  the  Duke  of  Bedford, 
Constable  of  England,  was  buried  in  St. 
Andrew  Undershaft,  Cornhill,  in  or  about 
February,  1419/20,  having  married,  before 
November,  1381  (as  shown  by  a  Husting 
deed),  Amy,  who  in  her  will,  1423,  names  her 
mother  "  Dame  Margery." 

According  to  Blomefield's  '  Norfolk,'  Sir 
John  Furneux  of  Bergham,  Cambs,  and 
Herling,  Norfolk,  married,  first,  Isabel, 
who  was  living  in  1320 ;  Herling  was 
settled  in  trust  for  Elizabeth,  his  second 
wife,  in  1348  ; 

Amy,  his  third  wife,  remarried  Robert  Denny 
in  1384,  in  which  year  they  held  their  first  court 
for  the  third  part  of  the  Manor  and  advowson, 
which  Amy  held  in  dower. 

Another  authority  states  that  Sir  Robert 
Denny  married 

Amy,  widow  of  John  Furneux  of  Bergham 
(Sir  John's  only  son),  who  was  a  minor  in  1363, 
and  died  after  1379  and  before  1390.  Denny 
and  Amy  sold  their  life  interest  in  the  Manor, 
except  one-seventh  of  a  fee,  to  the  Bishop  of  Ely 
about  1399. 

In  the  Stow  MSS.,  British  Museum 
(No.  324,  f.  1),  there  is  a  copy  of  an  entail 
upon  John  Furneux,  Esq.,  son  of  Sir  John 
Furneux,  Knight,  and  Amicia,  his  wife,  of 
the  Manor  of  Bergham,  and  property  in  East 
Herling,  with  remainder  to  John's  sister 
Elizabeth,  dated  March  16,  1396.  The  date 
may  be  an  error  of  the  copyist. 

Fine  made  at  Martinmas,  1396.  John 
Barnard,  clerh,  Robert  Wedoryngsete,  clerk, 
John  Wynkeperye,  Thomas  Bouse  and  John 


Bebil — v. — Robert  Denny,  chivaler,  and 
Amie,  his  wife — the  Manor  of  Bergham,  with 
seven  Knights'  fees  and  the  services  of  Sir 
Baldwin  St.  George,  Sir  Hugh  la  Zouch, 
Sir  George  Felbrigge,  Sir  Thomas  Geneye, 
Thomas  Crabbe  and  Elizabeth,  his  wife 
(daughter  and  eventually  sole  heir  of  Sir 
John  Furneux),  Thomas  Lampit  and  Clement 
Spice — for  the  whole  life  of  Amye. 

Sir  John  Furneux  had  a  sister  Elizabeth, 
who  married  John  de  Berdewell  and  had 
Sir  William,  the  father  of  Sir  William  de 
Berdewell,  "the  great  warrior,"  born  1367, 
died  1434.  Possibly  Amy,  Lady  Denny,  was 
a  sister  of  the  last  named.  Sir  William 
Berdewell  is  named  in  Sir  Robert  Denny's 
will  and  John  Berdewell  in  that  of  Thomas 
Denny,  Sir  Robert's  son,  1429. 

I  seek  evidence  as  to  Amy  Denny's 
parentage  and  the  identity  of  her  first 
husband.  (REV.)  H.  L.  L.  DENNY. 

St.  Mark's  Vicarage,  66,  Myddelton  Square, 
E.C.I. 

OLD  AND  NEW  STYLE. — I  understand  that 
up  to  the  end  of  the  year  1751  the  civil  year 
in  the  British  Dominions  (except  Scotland) 
commenced  on  Lady  Day,  March  25,  and 
that  from  1752  onwards  it  commenced  on 
January  1. 

In  consequence  of  the  adoption  of  "  new 
style  "  in  September,  1752,  Lady  Day  "  old 
style  "  fell  on  April  5  up  to  1799  by  the 
omission  of  11  days,  and  on  April  6  up  to 

1899  by  the  omission  of  12  days,  and  since 

1900  on  April  7  by  the  omission  of  13  days. 
Tfye    British    Treasury    year    ending    on 

April  5  is  said  to  be  a  survival  of  the  *'  old 
style  "  reckoning.  According  to  the  above 
data,  up  to  1799  April  5  "  new  style  "  was 
March  25  old  style.  But  March  25  was 
the  beginning  of  the  new  year  and  not  the 
end  of  the  old.  Can  any  reader  enlighten 
me  as  to  the  discrepancy  ? 

ENQUIRER. 

WOODS,  '  THE  TIMES  '  CORRESPONDENT 
IN  CANADA,  1860. — In  Dasent's  '  Life  of 
Delane,'  vol.  ii.,  p.  9,  there  is  an  extract 
from  a  letter  from  Delane  to  Sir  John  Rose 
in  Canada  dated  June  12,  1860,  concerning 
the  correspondent  whom  The  Times  sent 
there  to  chronicle  the  visit  of  the  Prince  of 
Wales.  It  is  as  follows  : — 

I  am  sending  you  a  very  pleasant  fellow  who  is 
to  be  the  historian  of  your  Royal  visit.  .  .  . 
His  name  is  Woods,  and  he  will  be  known  to  you 
who  read  The  Times  as  the  man  who  described 
the. cruise  of  the  Agamemnon  in  laying  the  Atlantic 
cable,  any  number  of  Royal  progresses,  the  trips 


370 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       r  12  s.  x.  MAY  is, 


of  the  Great  Eastern  and  the  Royal  Charter 
steamers,  the  great  fight  between  Sayers  and 
Heenan,  and  whole  reams  more  of  good  work 
which  even  I  can't  recollect.  He  goes  out  in  the 
Great  Eastern,  which  you  did  well  not  to  wait  for, 
and  if  he  does  not  go  down  and  perish  midway 
will  describe  his  voyage  out  and  the  fuss  that  is 
anticipated  at  New  York,  and  then  wait  to  re- 
ceive and  accompany  the  Prince  and  record  all 
your  loyal  effusions.  .  .  . 

Can  any  reader  supply  the  Christian  name, 
dates,  and  any  other  biographical  par- 
ticulars of  this  Mr.  Woods  ? 

E.  ST.  JOHN  BROOKS. 

SPENCER  SMITH. — John  Spencer  Smith, 
British  Ambassador  at  Constantinople  in 
1799  and  British  Minister  at  Stuttgart  in 
1804,  brother  of  Admiral  Sidney  Smith,  had 
two  sons :  William,  born  in  1 800,  and 
Edward,  born  in  1802. 

The  first  became,  so  it  is  said,  a  sailor ; 
the  second,-  a  Fellow  of  a  Cambridge  College, 
1  ived  with  his  father  for  some  years  at  Caen, 
in  France,  where  Spencer  Smith  died, 
June  5,  1845. 

It  is  said  that  Edward  later  became  a 
clergyman  of  the  Church  of  England. 

Could  any  reader  give  me  any  information 
about  the  two  brothers  and  say  if  any  re- 
presentatives of  the  family  still  exist  ? 

RENE  PUAUX. 

GILLMAN  (OR  GUILLIM)  FAMILY. — I  am 
searching  for  the  ancestry  of  John  Gillman, 
who  practised  as  a  surgeon  at  Great  Yar- 
mouth at  the  end  of  the  eighteenth  and 
beginning  of  the  nineteenth  centuries,  who 
married,  first,  Elizabeth  Bracey,  by  whom  he 
had  three  children — James  (the  surgeon  of 
Highgate  with  whom  Coleridge  lived),  and 
two  daughters  who  left  no  issue  ;  and, 
secondly,  Frances  Keymer,  by  whom  he  had 
children  but  no  further  issue. 

The  arms  borne  by  John  Gillman  and  his 
descendants  are — Sable  a  nag's  head  erased 
or  between  three  dexter  hands  couped 
argent.  Alexander  W.  Gillman,  who  wrote 
the  '  History  of  the  Gillman  Family,'  ap- 
pears to  have  been  unable  to  find  any  record 
of  the  birth  of  John  Gillman  or  of  the  origin 
of  his  arms.  In  Burke' s  '  General  Armory  ' 
(1884),  there  is  stated  to  be  a  family  of 
Gillman  at  Foley,  Co.  Hereford,  bearing 
these  arms.  I  have  so  far  been  unable  to 
find  any  place  of  the  name  of  "  Foley  "  in 
the  county  of  Hereford,  and  the  nearest  I 
can  get  is  "  The  Folley,"  a  part  of  the  parish 
of  St.  Weonards  (which  consists  of  only  a 
few  cottages  and  where  the  name  is  un- 
known) adjoining  the  parish  of  Langarron. 


In  the  church  of  Langarron  there  are 
memorials  to  several  members  of  a  Guillim 
family,  who  lived  at  Langstone  Court  until 
the  middle  of  the  eighteenth  century,  when 
the  place  was  sold.  There  is  no  further 
trace  of  the  family  in  the  district.  It  is 
mentioned  in  a  '  Display  of  Heraldry,'  by 
John  Guillim  (6th  ed.,  1724).  The  arms  of 
this  family  are — Sable  a  horse's  head  or 
between  three  gauntlets  argent,  which 
is  sufficiently  similar  to  the  arms  I  am 
searching  for  to  render  it  possible  that  there 
may  be  some  connexion  between  them. 

I  think  it  may  be  assumed  that  "  Gill- 
man "  is  not  the  original  spelling  and  that 
the  name  is  probably  of  Welsh  origin.  The 
earliest  evidence  of  the  use  of  the  arms  in 
my  family  is  on  a  silver  salver  dated  about 
1776,  and  presented  to  James  Gillman  on 
his  marriage  in  1807. 

Can  any  reader  tell  me  where  the  Foley 
referred  to  by  Burke  is,  or  give  me  any  in- 
formation in  aid  of  my  search  ? 

ARTHUR  C.  GILLMAN. 

HOLDERNESS  :       DERIVATION    OF    NAME. — 

I  should  be  glad  to  know  the  etymology  of 
"  Holderness,"  the  name  of  a  seigniory  in 
the  East  Riding  of  Yorkshire.  Mr.  Isaac 
Taylor,  in  his  '  Names  and  their  Histories  ' 
(1896,  p.  147),  states:— 

The  ness  or  promontory  of  Holderness  is  an 
obscure  name  ;  the  suggested  etymologies  from 
hoi,  "  hollow  "  or  "  flat,"  and  from  holt,11  wood  " 
or  "  forest,"  not  being  supported  by  the  Domes- 
day form  Heldrenesse  (see  Helder)  or  by  the  old 
Norse  Hellomes. 

BERNARD  HOBSON. 

DOODLES. — The  late  Mr.  C.  Fox-Strang 
ways,  in  his  Geological  Survey  memoir  on 
'  The  Geology  of  the  Oolitic  and  Cretaceous 
Rocks  South  of  Scarborough '  (2nd  ed., 
1904,  p.  43),  mentions  that  the  cliffs  at  Carr 
Naze,  Filey,  have  been  worn  back  by  the  sea 
into  several  hollows  or  "  doodles."  I  should 
be  glad  of  information  as  to  the  origin  of 
the  word  "  doodle."  The  only  use  of  the 
word  that  appears,  so  far  as  I  can  ascertain, 
to  have  a  possible  connexion  with  hollows 
at  Carr  Naze  is  "  doodle -sack,"  meaning  a 
bagpipe,  which  is  certainly  hollow. 

BERNARD  HOBSON. 

REYNOLDS  OF  LOUGHACUR,  Co.  LEITRIM. 
— Can  any  reader  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  tell  me  if  a 
pedigree  of  this  family  has  ever  been  pub- 
lished ?  O'Farrall's  '  Linea  Antiqua,'  a 
MS.  in  Ulster's  office,  contains  an  extensive 
pedigree  of  the,  Magrannel  (anglice  Reynolds 


12  S.X.  MAY  13,  1922.1  NOTES    AND    QUERIES. 


371 


family,  of  which  the  above  are  a  branch,  but 
it  is  only  in  outline  and  contains  practically 
no  details  of  the  Loughacur  Reynoldses. 

WILLIAM  REID, 
Hon.  Sec.,  Breifny  Antiquarian  Society. 

•  LONDON  INNS:  THE  COCK  IN  SUFFOLK 
STREET. — Can  any  reader  tell  me  where  in 
Suffolk  Street  was  situated  "The  Cock,"  a 
victualling  house  or  inn,  at  which,  according 
to  Anthony  Wood,  Bishop  Guy  Carleton  (of 
Bristol)  held  his  consecration  dinner  on 
Feb.  11,  1672.  W.  H.  QUARRELL. 

MOZEEN  (MUZEEN)  FAMILY.— Can  any 
reader  give  me  the  pedigree  of  the  Mozeen 
(or  Muzeen)  family,  or  any  information 
concerning  members,  past  or  present  ? 

According  to  family  tradition,  the  Mozeens 
were  Huguenot  refugees  from  France,  but 
efforts  to  trace  the  history  of  the  family 
previous  to  1743  have  proved  abortive. 
In  that  year  a  Robert  Mozeen  was  school- 
master at  Sutton-on-the-Forest,  near  York, 
and  the  church  register  there  records  the 
baptisms  of  several  of  his  children  during 
the  period  1756-1765. 

A  branch  of  the  family  (with  name  spelt 
Muzeen) .  lived  at  Douthwaite  Hall,  near 
Kirby  Moorside,  Yorks,  20  to  30  years  ago. 

C.  M.  HUDSON. 

162,  King's  Road,  Harrogate. 

OLD  RECORDS  OF  SUSSEX. — I  am  searching 
out  the  history  of  an  old  building  in  Rye, 
Sussex,  which  has  been  in  my  family  for  120 
years,  and  have  traced  it  successfully  back 
to  about  A.D.  1600. 

In  1671  I  know  a  quit-rent  was  paid  on  it 
to  the  King,  and  this  was  collected  annually 
at  Michaelmas  by  a  King's  or  Water  Bailiff, 
who  was  often  a  citizen  of  London,  and  was 
appointed  under  a  royal  warrant  for  life. 

Would  anyone  inform  me  where  I  should 
be  likely  to  find  earlier  lists  of  these  rents, 
as  I  have  practically  exhausted  all  local 
sources  ?  LEOPOLD  A.  VIDLER. 

BARBOSA. — Can  any  information  be  sup- 
plied regarding  a  book  by  (?)  Steed  on 
Senator  Roy  Barbosa,  who,  at  The  Hague 
Conference  in  1911,  distinguished  himself 
as  champion  of  the  small  States  ?  Senator 
Barbosa  was  recently  appointed  to  the 
Permanent  Court  of  International  Justice. 

J.  S.  M. 

JACK  ROBERTS. — Who  was  the  person  to 
whom  Bacon  in  his   28th  and   113th   Apo- 
phthegms (Ellis  and  Spedding)  alludes  ? 
JOHN  B.  WAINE WRIGHT. 


BOURSON. — -Walker,  in  his  '  Sufferings  of 
the  Clergy  '  (p.  82),  says  that  Richard  Marsh 
(D.D.  of  Oxford,  Oct.  17,  1636;  Vicar  of 
Birstall,  Yorks,  1614-16—  ;  Prebendary  of 
Southwell,  1625-16—  ;  Prebendary  of  Hus- 
thwaite  in,  York  Minster,  1634-16 —  ;  Vicar 
of  Halifax,  Yorks,  1638-1642  ;  Archdeacon 
of  York,  1641-1662  ;  and  Dean  of  York,  1644- 
1662)  was  vicar  of  Bourson  in  Yorkshire. 
I  know  of  no  such  paiish  in  that  county. 
Can  any  reader  identify  it  ?  W.  N.  C. 

'  THE  CHARING  CROSS  MAGAZINE.' — When 
and  where  was  this  published  and  what  were 
its  subjects  ?  When  did  it  die  ?  W.  N.  C. 

EIGHTEENTH -CENTURY  GERMAN  PRIN- 
CIPALITIES.— Can  any  reader  refer  me  to  an 
authoritative  work  (in  English)  touching  on 
the  history  of  the  German  Duchies  and 
Principalities  of  the  eighteenth  century. 
I  seek  information  more  especially  regarding 
Anhalt-Zerbst.  LAURANCE  M.  WULCKO. 

142,   Kinfauns  Road,   Goodmayes,  Essex. 

AMORE  FAMILY. — I  should  be  glad  of  in- 
formation regarding  an  Irish  family  of 
Amore.  I  have  been  unable  to  find  any 
reference  to  this  unusual  name  in  any  work 
I  have  consulted. 

LAURANCE    M.    WULCKO. 

142,   Kinfauns   Road,   Goodmayes,   Essex. 

THOMSON'S  '  SCOTTISH  AIRS.' — In  con- 
nexion with  a  bibliography  of  this  work, 
I  wish  to  locate  copies  of  the  following 
volumes  of  the  folio  edition  :  '  New  Edition^ 
1826,  with  many  Additions  and  Improve- 
ments,' vol.  v.  ;  '  New  Edition,  with 
Additions  by  Beethoven  and  Frontispiece 
by  Wilkie,  1822,'  vols.  iii.,  iv.  and  v.  The 
name  "  Wilkie  "  may  be  erased,  or  a  blank 
cancel  pasted  over  the  entire  second  line  of 
the  title.  Any  information  will  be  gratefully 
appreciated  by  DAVIDSON  COOK. 

16,  Pollitt  Street,  Barnsley. 

HENRY  COTTON,DEAN  OF  LISMORE. — When 
was  he  born  in  1789  ?  He  married  a  daugh- 
ter of  Dr.  Laurence,  Archbishop  of  Cashel. 
What  were  her  Christian  names  and  what 
was  the  date  of  the  marriage  ?  The  'D.N.B.,' 
xii.  304,  does  not  supply  the  desired  in- 
formation. G.  F.  R.  B. 

ADMIRAL  SIR  CHARLES  COTTON,  BART. — 
When  and  where  was  he  born  in  1753  ? 
When,  in  1778,  did  he  marry  Philadelphia, 
daughter  of  Sir  Joshua  Rowley,  Bart.? 
The  'D.N.B.,'  xii.  301,  is  silent  on  these 
points.  G.  F.  R.  B. 


372 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        ri2  s.  X.MAY  is,  1922. 


WILLIAM  THOMAS,  CLERK  TO  THE  PRIVY 
COUNCIL. — Can  any  reader  impart  know- 
ledge about  this  personage  and  state  where 
he  was  born,  and  also  time  of  death  ? 

ANEURIN  WILLIAMS. 

Menai  View,  North  Road,  Carnarvon. 

[His  life  is  given  at  some  length  in  the  '  D.N.B.' 
He  is  thought  to  have  been  a  native  of  Radnor- 
shire and  to  have  been  educated  at  Oxford. 
In  1544  he  left  England  and  spent  five  years 
chiefly  in  Italy.  Froude,  who  wrote  a  preface 
to  '  The  Pilgrim,'  thinks  this  may  have  been  on 
account  of  his  religious  opinions.  He  returned 
to  England  in  1549,  and  early  in  the  following 
year  was  appointed  a  clerk  to  the  Privy  Council, 
lie  gained  considerable  ascendancy  over  the 
mind  of  Edward  VI.,  as  may  be  seen  by  several 
writings  drawn  up  by  him  for  the  King's  instruc- 
tion. On  the  accession  of  Mary  he  lost  his 
employment,  took  part  in  Wyatt's  conspiracy, 
and,  after  sharing  in  the  vain  attempt  to  raise 
the  West,  was  taken  and  committed  to  the  Tower. 
Here,  it  is  supposed  from  fear  of  the  rack,  he 
made  an  attempt  at  suicide.  He  was  tried  on 
May  8,  1554,  found  guilty  of  treason,  and  executed 
at  Tyburn  ten  days  later.  His  name  is  included 
in  the  Act  of  Elizabeth  which  restored  in  blood 
the  heirs  and  children  of  those  who  had  been 
attainted,  but  it  is  not  known  whether  he  had  any 
family.  Besides  '  The  Pilgrim,'  he  wrote  an 
Italian  Grammar  and  Dictionary  and  a  History 
of  Italy,  both  of  which  were  much  esteemed.] 

JOHN  JONES  (1730-96),  AUTHOR  or  '  LES- 
SONS FOR  HARPSICHORD.'— Biographical  ana 
and  intimation  of  birthplace  and  year  of 
demise  will  oblige.  ANEURIN  WILLIAMS. 

Menai  View,  North  Road,  Carnarvon. 

[The  '  D.N.B.'  has  a  few  particulars  concerning 
him,  taken  from  Grove,  Pohl's  '  Haydn  in 
London'  and  Mendel.  He  died  Feb.  17,  1796, 
having  then  been  organist  to  St.  Paul's  Cathe- 
dral for  over  forty  years.  The  place  and  date 
of  his  birth  appear  not  to  be  known.  Haydn, 
in  1791,  heard  one  of  his  chants  performed  by 
charity  children,  and  noted  in  his  diary  :  "  No 
music  has  ever  affected  me  so  much  as  this 
innocent  and  devotional  strain."] 

CROSSLEY. — I  seek  information  as  to  the 
parents  of  the  John  Crossley  of  the  following 
marriage  entry  in  the  Halifax  Parish  Re- 
gister :  "13  January,  1708.  John  Crosley, 
Southowram,  and  Hannah  Longbottom, 
Halifax."  J.  M.  C. 

ELIZABETH,  DAUGHTER  OF  JAMES  I. — 
I  shall  be  grateful  for  the  names  of  any 
books  dealing  with  the  life  of  the  Princess 
Elizabeth,  daughter  of  King  James  I. 

T.  H.  S. 

[There  is  a  good  life  of  "  the  Queen  of  Hearts  " 
in  the  '  D.N.B.,'  which  gives  authorities.  Mrs. 
Everett  Green's  Life  in  '  Lives  of  the  Princesses 
of  England  '  would  be  the  book  to  begin  with.] 


WILLIAM    CLARK    WIMBERLEY. — Wanted, 
dates  and  any  particulars  of  the  life  of  William 
Clark  Wimberley,  the  author  of  the  sonnet  to 
Shakespeare  commencing  : — 
Thou  wast  an  oracle.     Thy  voice  was  heard, 
To  cheer  and  warn  a  listening,  wondering  world. 

F.  H. 

MOIR  SURNAME.— Can  any  reader  inform 
me  as  to  the  derivation  and  meaning,  if  any, 
of  the  Scottish  surname  Moir. 

A.  G.  GORDON  MOOR. 

WROTH  FAMILY. — I  shall  be  glad  if  any 
reader  can  give  me  information  or  historical 
details  relative  to  the  Wroth  family. 

W.  P.  C.  L. 

EPIGRAM  ON  THE  DEATH  OF  QUEEN  CHARLOTTE. 
"  The  deith  of  the  Queen  has  caused  great 

perturbation  ; 
We  must  mourn  by  command  throughout  the 

whole  nation,"   &c. 

This  has  been  attributed  to  Charles  Mathews 
the  younger,  who  would  then  be  only  fifteen 
years  old.  Was  it  written  by  him  or  his  father  ? 

F.  H. 

QUOTATION  WANTED. — In  the  Memoir,  by  the 
Rev.  Jardine  Wallace,  prefixed  to  the  fifth  edition 
(1878)  of  Thomas  Aird's  '^Poetical  Works,'  several 
letters  from  Carlyle  to  the  poet  are  printed,  in  one 
of  which,  dated  "  5,  Cheyne  Row,  Chelsea,  1st  May, 
1840,"  Carlyle,  alluding  to  his  Lectures  on  Heroes, 
Hero- Worship  and  the  Heroic  in  History,  No.  1, 
May,  1840,  says  :  "  When  you  read  the  inclosed 
Program,  and  think  that  my  day  of  execution 
('  Do  not  hurry,  good  people,  there  can  be  no 
sport  till  I  am  there  !  ')  is  fixed  for  Tuesday 
first,  you  will  see  too  well  the  impossibility  of 
writing  any  due  reply." 

Is  Carlyle  quoting  from  any  written  source  ? 
I  have  always  heard  "  they  cannot  begin  without 
me  "  instead  of  "  there  can  be  no  sport,"  <fec. 
Is  the  saying  attributed  to  any  particular  con- 
demned man,  and,  if  so,  to  whom  ? 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWBIGHT. 


EARLY    VICTORIAN    LITERATURE. 

(12  S.  x.  210,273,  332.) 

THE  late  Mr.  W.  E.  Church,  who  was  for 
many  years  hon.  secretary  of  the  Urban 
Club,  a  popular  lecturer  of  the  Sunday 
League  and  a  writer  on  Lloyd's  Weekly 
News,  who  ended  his  days  as  a  member  of 
the  Charterhouse  Brotherhood,  often  said 
during  the  year  1887  he  had  collected  an 
abundance  of  material  for  a  series  of  articles 
on  the  popular  anonymous  cheap  fiction  of 
Queen  Victoria's  reign,  but  there  were  two 
fatal  objections  against  tho  scheme.  First, 
the  "  penny  dreadful  "  was  passing  into  the 


12  s.x  MAT  is,  1922.1        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


373 


"  disreputable,"  and,  secondly,  the  surviving 
beads  of  the  thiee  most  important  publishers 
of  that  class  of  fiction,  viz.,  Edward  Lloyd, 
Harrison  (of  Salisbury  Court),  and  Edwin  J. 
Brett  (of  Fleet  Street),  might  make  some 
protest.  He  said  if  the  account-books  of  the 
three  publishers  were  made  public,  readers 
of  fiction  would  soon  be  convinced  that  the 
writers  of  the  "  penny  dreadful  "  class  were 
not  such  despicable  authors  as  many  people 
fondly  imagined.  Nearly  all  Edward  Lloyd's 
authors  were  dramatists.  Their  number 
included  George  Macfarren  (father  of  two 
distinguished  composers,  Sir  G.  A.  Macfarren 
and  Walter  Macfarren),  whose  '  Guy  Fawkes  ' 
was  performed  for  many  years  at  the  Britannia 
Theatre,  Hoxton,  on  the  fifth  of  November ; 
Morris  Barnett,  William  Bayle  Bernard, 
John  Kerr  (author  of  '  Bill  Jones  ;  or,  The 
Spectre  by  Land  and  Sea,'  founded  on  the 
legend  of  '  The  Three  Ravens '),  George 
Lovell  (author  of  '  Love's  Sacrifice,'  pro- 
duced at  Covent  Garden  in  1842),  Watts 
Phillips,  and  even  George  Daniel,  the  ener- 
getic book-collector  and  editor  of  acting 
editions  of  plays.  Among  the  women 
writers  were  Mrs.  Johnston©  (who  con- 
tributed a  serial  novel,  '  Blanche  Delamere,' 
to  Tail's  Magazine  in  1839),  the  once- 
popular  Mrs.  Gore,  Emma  Whitehead,  Mrs. 
Bray  (authoress  of  '  White  Hoods '  and 
'  Warleigh  ;  or,  The  Fatal  Oak,'  both 
published  by  Colburn),  and  even  the  Hon. 
Mrs.  Norton.  Some  acknowledged  that 
they  received  more  remuneration  from  the 
enterprising  Shoreditch  publisher  than  from 
his  more  fashionable  brethren  in  the  West 
End  of  London. 

Mr.  Church  one  day  asked  Edward  Lloyd 
the  question,  "  Who  wrote  the  '  Bos  '  tales 
you  published  many  years  ago  ?  "  Edward 
Lloyd  replied  that  the  parodies  and  imita- 
tions of  Charles  Dickens  were  written  in 
collaboration  by  Thomas  Peskett  Prest, 
William  Bayle  Bernard  and  Morris  Barnett. 
Prest  "  produced  the  largest  literary  output, 
but  Morris  Barnett  was  the  most  brilliant  of 
the  trio."  Mr.  Church  said  it  was  Barnett 
who  afterwards  introduced  Douglas  Jerrold 
to  Edward  Lloyd.  Barnett' s  first  great 
hit  as  an  actor  was  as  Tom  Drops  in  Jerrold' s 
comedy  '  The  Schoolfellows.'  Mr.  Church 
also  said  it  was  Edward  Lloyd  who  first 
suggested  to  Prest  and  his  collaborator* 
the  idea  of  the  imitations  of  Charles  Dickens' s 
early  tales,  and  he  intended  in  the  first 
.  instance  the  use  of  the  pen-name  of  "  Boaz.'" 
This,  however,  was  pointed  out  to  him  a: 


oo  Biblical,  and  the  letter  "  z  "  might  drag 
hem  into  legal  proceedings.  After  some 
liscussion  ''  Bos  "  was  eventually  decided 
ipon,  especially  as  it  had  practically  the 
same  sound  as  "  Boz."  There  was  some 
orotest  from  Charles  Dickens  and  his  pub- 
ishers,  but  this  did  not  prevent  Edward 
Lloyd  publishing  "  Bos  "  tales  as  long  as 
jhe  demand  lasted.  The  venture  was  very 
successful,  but  not  so  remunerative  as  many 
of  the  publications  of  more  sensational  tales. 
Prest  died  of  lung  troubles  in  an  infirmary 
lear  London  during  the  seventies.  In 
addition  to  his  abilities  as  a  novelist,  he  had 
some  talent  as  a  musician  and  writer  of 
verse.  He  wrote  and  composed  the  words 
and  music  (under  various  pen-names)  of 
several  songs  for  George  Leybourne,  the 
'  Great  "  Vance,  and  other  "  star  "  comics 
of  the  day.  He  also  contributed  to  The 
Hornet  and  other  humorous  journals  of  the 
period.  Prest' s  favourite  tavern  (according 
bo  Mr.  Church)  was  the  White  Swan  in 
Salisbury  Court,  where,  when  "  hard  up,  he 
used  to  lie  in  wait  "  for  his  old  employer, 
Edward  Lloyd. 

Mrs.  Elizabeth  Caroline  Grey  (nee  Duncan), 
authoress  of  '  The  Ordeal  by  Touch,'  '  The 
Dream  of  a  Life,'  &c.,  before  her  tales  were 
accepted  for  publication  by  Edward  Lloyd, 
kept  a  school  for  girls  with  her  unmarried 
sister  in  a  side  street  of  the  City  Road.  She 
was  for  some  years  a  general  secretary  and 
editress  of  Lloyd's  publications,  and  subse- 
quently became  a  contributor  to  The  London 
Journal  and  other  similar  periodicals.  She 
died  (Mr.  Church  said)  between  1865-69. 
Her  husband  was  a  reporter  on  The  Morning 
Chronicle.  Mr.  Church  said  he  never  made 
any  attempt  to  shine  as  a  novelist,  but  it 
was  generally  understood  he  greatly  assisted 
his  wife  in  the  composition  of  her  tales  of 
the  more  masculine  type.  Mrs.  Grey's 
nephew,  Mr.  Duncan,  was  a  well-known 
reporter  on  London  newspapers,  and  his  son 
Walter,  a  free-lance  reporter,  who  died 
about  1904,  by  a  curious  coincidence  lived 
some  time  in  Duncan's  Buildings,  Holborn. 
Mrs.  Grey  was  also  the  niece  of  Miss  Duncan, 
a  celebrated  actress  of  the  early  years  of  the 
nineteenth  century,  who  was  the  mother  of 
Duncan  Davison,  the  musical  publisher  near 
Hanover  Square,  and  W.  J.  Davison,  editor 
of  The  Municipal  World  and  musical  critic 
of  The  Times. 

According  to  most  of  the  biographers  of 
Douglas  Jerrold,  the  author  of  '  Mrs. 


374 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[12  S.  X.  MAY  13,  1922. 


Caudle's  Curtain  Lectures'  was  paid  weekly 
his  salary  as  editor  of  Lloyd's  Weekly  News. 
Mr.  Church  said  this  was  the  custom  the 
proprietor  previously  adopted  with  all  his 
authors  when  a  publisher  of  cheap  popular 
fiction  in  Shoreditch. 

ANDREW  DE  TERNANT. 
36,  Somerleyton  Road,  Brixton,  S.W. 

I  am  intensely  interested  by  MB.  ARCHIBALD 
SPARKE'S  reply,  and  also  by  the  new  evidence 
given  by  MR.  ALECK  ABRAHAMS.  This  is 
very  important,  but  that  given  by  MR. 
ANDREW  DE  TERNANT  is  more  important 
still.  It  is  the  first  I  have  heard  of  John 
Frederick  Smith's  connexion  with  "  Lloyd's," 
and  if  he  was  really  the  author  of  '  Black 
Bess'  he  may  also  have  been  the  author  of 
'  Gentleman  Jack,'  '  Claude  Duval,'  '  Paul 
Clifford,'  and  '  Tom  King,'  all  of  which  are 
in  question. 

The  British  Museum  Catalogue  gives 
Edward  Viles  as  the  author  of  '  Black  Bess,' 
'  Black  Highwayman '  and  '  Blueskin,'  but 
it  is  just  possible  J.  F.  Smith  wrote  the 
stories  in  the  position  of  a  servant  and 
his  master  took  the  credit,  particularly 
as  he  was  paid  so  much  per  week.  These 
are  points  that  might  be  cleared  up. 
I  believe  there  are  some  of  Edward  Viles' s 
descendants  alive  who  might  throw  some 
light  upon  the  matter.  I  wonder  whether 
Mr.  Thomas  Catling  left  any  notes  or 
memoranda  which  would  help.  His  evidence 
upon  all  the  points  in  question,  especially 
those  relating  to  "  Lloyd's "  publications, 
would  be  most  convincing.  FRANK  JAY. 

Two  of  the  penny  novelists  named  by 
MR.  FRANK  JAY  are  mentioned  in  R.  L. 
Stevenson's  paper  on  Popular  Authors 
(1888).  When  he  was  a  boy  he  found  in 
a  turret  chamber  of  Neidpath  Castle 
some  half-a-dozen  numbers  of  '  Black  Bess  ;  or, 
The  Knight  of  the  Road,'  a  work  by  Edward 
Viles  .  .  .  and  in  the  shade  of  a  contiguous  fir- 
wood,  lying  on  blaeberries,  I  made  my  first 
acquiantance  with  his  art.  .  .  .  Fr6m  this  author 
I  passed  on  to  Malcolm  J.  Errym  (the  name,  to  my 
present  scrutiny,  suggesting  an  anagram  on 
Merry),  author  of  '  Edith  the  Captive,'  '  The 
Treasures  of  St.  Mark,'  '  A  Mystery  in  Scarlet,' 
'  George  Barington,'  '  Sea-Drift,'  '  Townsend  the 
Runner,'  and  a  variety  of  other  well-named 
romances.  Memory  may  play  me  false,  but  I 
believe  there  was  a  kind  of  merit  about  Errym. 
...  I  have  a  curiosity  to  know  what  the  Mystery 
in  Scarlet  was,  and  to  renew  acquaintance  with 
King  George  and  his  valet  Norris,  who  were  the 
chief  figures  in  the  work,  and  may  be  said  to  have 
risen  in  every  page  superior  to  history  and  the 
ten  commandments. 

H. 


OLD  LONDON  BRIDGE  (12  S.  x.  245,  314).— 
I  knew  of  the  facts  to  which  MR.  ABRAHAMS 
refers,  but  cannot  think  a  bridge  built  of 
arches  can  mean  a  timber  bridge.  Can  any- 
one refer  to  an  early  bridge  built  of  timber 
"  arches."  To  my  mind  "  arches  "  must 
mean  stone  arches.  WALTER  RYE. 

MR.  ALECK  ABRAHAMS  rightly  points  out 
that  the  records  quoted  by  MR.  WALTER  RYE 
about  a  bridge  older  than  that  built  by  Peter 
of  Colechurch  must  refer  to  the  wooden 
bridge,  or  succession  of  bridges,  which  had 
certainly  existed  since  Anglo-Saxon,  prob- 
ably since  Roman,  times.  In  the  lectures 
to  which  MR.  RYE  so  kindly  refers  I  pointed 
out  that  an  interesting  side-light  is  thrown 
upon  the  charter  to  Battle  Abbey  (which, 
by  the  way,  is  not  really  omitted  in  Mr. 
Kingsford's  index,  since  it  is  covered  by  the 

feneral    reference    to    London    Bridge,    pp. 
1-26)    by    a    passage    in  the  Anglo-Saxon 
Chronicle  (Rolls  Series,  i.   363)  saying  that 
in  1097 

many  districts  (scirari)  which  with  their  work 
belonged  to  London  were  grievously  oppressed, 
through  the  wall  that  they  wrought  around  the 
Tower,  and  through  the  bridge,  which  was  almost 
carried  away  by  flood,  and  through  the  work  of 
the  King's  hall  which  was  being  built  at  West- 
minster. 

A  wooden  bridge  would  be  liable  to  many 
such  accidents  :  to  another  of  them  MR. 
RYE'S  valuable  discovery  in  the  Pipe  Roll 
of  1130/1  may  well  refer. 

I  wonder  if  any  reader  could  give  the 
source  of  Stow's  assertion  that  in  1163  the 
bridge  was  "  newly  made  of  timber  as  be- 
fore "  by  Peter  of  Colechurch  ?  The  last 
allusion  to  this  bridge,  perhaps,  is  Fitz- 
stephen's  casual  mention  of  it  in  his  descrip- 
tion of  London  sports,  c.  1180.  By  then 
Peter  had  begun  his  pons  lapideus  :  the  dis- 
tinguishing adjective  occurs  in  both  entries 
in  the  Annals  of  Waverley  (Annales  Mon- 
astici,  Rolls  Series,  ii.  240,  256-7)  and  also 
in  the  Annales  Cambriae  (Rolls  Series,  p.  54). 
Alike  in  the  Annals  and  in  the  Close  Roll 
of  1205  (Rec.  Com.,  i.  49)  he  is  "  P.  Capel- 
lanus  de  Colechurch,"  or  Colechirche  ;  if 
Blomfield's  surmise  that  he  belonged  to  the 
Norfolk  family  were  correct  the  phrase 
would  surely  have  run  "P.  de  Colechurch, 
Capellanus."  And  has  MR.  RYE  any  author- 
ity for  his  "  Peter  de  Colkirk  "?  That  form 
does  not  occur  either  in  the  Patent  Roll  of 
1207  (Rec.  Com.,  i.  58)  or,  apparently,  in 
the  Bridge  House  deeds  quoted  by  Mr. 
Welch  ('  The  Tower  Bridge,'  pp.  37,  53,  72).  . 
Outside  those  deeds — which,  however,  I  have 


12  S.  X.MAY  13,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


375 


not  seen — I  do  not  know  of  any  other  con- 
temporary references  to  him. 

MB.  RYE  desires  evidence  of  the  pre- 
existence  of  the  London  parish  of  Cole- 
church.  The  topography  of  early  London 
is  a  field  into  which  I  do  not  propose  to  ven- 
ture ;  but  in  the  '  Victoria  County  History  ' 
(i.  179-80)  my  sister  asserted  that  all  the 
medieval  City  parishes,  except,  possibly,  St. 
Mary  Mounthaw,  were  defined  by  the  end 
of  the  twelfth  century,  "  and  in  all  prob- 
ability much  earlier,"  referring  for  evidence 
to  the  section  on  Topography.  That,  un- 
fortunately, is  not  available,  as  the  '  His- 
tory '  came  to  a  standstill  when  only  vol.  i. 
of  London  had  been  published.  But  I  be- 
lieve a  large  collection  of  material  for  it 


reason  for  leaving  the  Navy  was  that  "it 
was  so  far  from  port  to  port." 

I  am  trying  to  get  together  a  complete 
collection  of  Mr.  Neale's  works,  and  should 
be  glad  to  hear  of  any  that  are  for  disposal. 


S.  A.  GRUNDY-NEWMAN. 


exists. 


E.  JEFFRIES  DAVIS. 


WILLIAM  JOHNSTOUN  NELSON  NEALE 
(12  S.  x.  310). — Mr.  Neale  had  a  long  and 
eventful  career.  He  was  the  second  son  of 
Dr.  Adam  Neale,  Physician  Extraordinary 
to  the  Duke  of  Kent,  his  maternal  grand- 
father being  Captain  Walter  Young,  who 
held  a  command  in  the  Fleet  at  the  taking  of 
St.  Eustacia  and  was  Flag -Cap  tain  to  Lord 
Rodney.  He  was  born,  in  1 81 2,  and,  entering 
the  Navy  in  1824,  served  as  a  midshipman 
for  some  years,  and  commanded  the  fore- 
castle quarters  of  H.M.S.  Talbot  at  the 
Battle  of  Navarino  in  1827,  receiving  the 
Naval  medal.  In  1846  he  married  Frances 
Herbert  Nisbet,  eldest  grandchild  and  co- 
heiress of  Viscountess  Nelson.  After  leaving 
the  Navy  he  studied  law,  and  was  called 
to  the  Bar  at  the  Middle  Temple  in  1836, 
subsequently  joining  the  Oxford  Circuit, 
and  practising  at  the  Salop  and  Stafford 
Sessions.  He  was  for  some  time  High 
Bailiff  of  the  Birmingham  County  Court, 
and  was  appointed  Recorder  of  Walsall  in 
1859,  an  appointment  which  he  held  unti" 
his  death  on  April  1,  1893,  at  Cheltenham. 

Mr.  Neal3  was  a  somewhat  prolific  writer  oi 
fiction,  as  well  as  author  of  several  treatises 
his  works  including  the  following  :  '  Caven 
dish,'  '  The  Port  Admiral,'  '  Will  Watch, 
*  The  Naval  Surgeon,'  '  Gentleman  Jack, 
'  Worthy  Montague,'  '  The  Captain's  Wife, 
'  The  Lost  Ship,'  '  The  Pride  of  the  Mess, 
'  Paul  Periwinkle,'  '  The  Flying  Dutchman, 
'  Treatise  on  the  Law  of  Elections,'  anc 
'  History  of  the  Mutiny  at  the  Nore.' 

I  met  him  on  many  occasions  at  th< 
Walsall  Quarter  Sessions.  He  was  a  gooc 
sportsman  and  a  man  of  genial  and  kindly 
character,  with  a  large  store  of  witty  anc 
racy  anecdote.  He  used  to  say  that  his 


Walsall. 


ACTING  ENGINEER  (12  S.  x.  329).— The 
;orps  of  "  Royal  Military  Artificers,"  which 
ixisted  in  the  latter  part  of  the  eighteenth 
:entury  and  after,  and  which  later  became 
he  "  Royal  Sappers  and  Miners,"  was 

always  very  much  under  strength,  and  that 
act  was  a  frequent  cause  of  complaint 

especially  by  the  Duke  of  Wellington. 
3rofessor  Oman  estimates  that  the  strength 

of  the  corps  in  officers  was  "  not  much  over 
hirty  "  at  one  period  of  the  Peninsular  War. 
infantry  battalions  were  consequently  drawn 

upon    to    supply    the    deficiencies,  and  this 

system  continued  in  force  up  to  and  including 
}he  Crimean  War,  in  spite  of  the  increased 
Dersonnel  of  the  regular  Engineer  services. 

These     acting     Engineers,     as    they    were 

called,  were  always  foremost  in  the  storming 
of  fortresses,  and  I  think  received  extra  pay  ; 
but  certainly  no  civilians  were  employed  on 
such  services  under  Wellington. 

C.  S.  C.  (Bt.-CoI.). 

THE  CROSSED  KEYS  AT  YORK  (12  S.  x. 
328). — ST.  SWITHIN'S  authorities  must  have 
misled  him.  Both  the  York  keys  are  silver. 
Both  Bedford  ('  Blazon  of  Episcopacy,' 
2nd  ed.,  Oxford,  1897,  p.  134)  and  Parker 
('  Glossary  of  Heraldry.'  Oxford,  1847,  p. 
237)  give  the  arms  of  the  See  of  York  as — 
Gules,  two  keys  in  saltire  argent,  in  chief  a 
royal  crown  or  (Bedford),  proper  (Parker). 

The  royal  crown  seems  to  have  been 
substituted  for  a  papal  tiara  by  Wolsey  in 
1515.  An  early  specimen  of  the  royal  crown 
is  in  a  window  in  the  chapel  of  Queen's 
College,  Oxford,  given  to  the  college  in  1518 
by  Dr.  Robert  Langton,  who  seems  to  have 
been  a  friend  or  protege  of  Wolsey. 

In  earlier  times  the  archiepiscopal  arms 
of  York  seem  to  have  been  the  same  as 
those  of  Canterbury — Azure,  an  archiepis- 
copal staff  headed  with  a  cross  patee  or, 
surmounted  of  a  pall  argent,  charged  with 
four  (or  five)  crosses  patee  fitchy  sable. 
Parker  (ubi  sup.)  says  that  York  generally 
had  the  field  gules.  The  keys  with  the 
papal  tiara  are  found  "  upon  the  reverse  of 
the  seal  "  of  Archbishop  Waldeby  as  early 
as  1396,  and  the  Canterbury  arms  are  found 
as  late  as  on  the  seal  of  Archbishop  Lee  in 


376 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        rrcs.x. MAY**,  1022. 


1531,  so  the  two  coats  must  have  been 
contemporary,  perhaps  used  alternately  or 
together,  for  nearly  150  years. 

JOHN  R.  MAGRATH. 

".  Since  when  has  one  of  the  York  keys 
become  silver  ?  Since  when  have  the 
Dean  and  Chapter  blazoned  the  crown  ?  " 
asks  ST.  SWITHIN.  I  should  ask  rather, 
"  Since  when  has  one  of  the  York  keys 
become  gold  ?  When  have  the  Dean  and 
Chapter  not  blazoned  the  crown  ?  " 

Debrett  (1834),  Burke  (1903),  Bonney's 
'  Cathedrals  and  Churches,'  various  late 
eighteenth  or  early  nineteenth  century 
prints  all  give  the  episcopal  arms  of  York 
as — *'  Gules  two  keys  in  saltire  argent,  in 
chief  a  crown  or."  Bedford's  'Blazons  of 
Episcopacy,'  to  which  I  am  unable  to  refer, 
would  very  probably  give  the  date  when 
these  arms  were  assumed. 

W.  COURTHOPE   FORMAN. 

PALAVICINI  ARMS  (12  S.  x.  309,  357).— 
These  are  blazoned  Or,  a  cross  quarter - 
pierced  azure  (or  cheeky  of  nine  pieces  or 
and  azure),  on  a  chief  of  the  first  a  palisade 
[Pali  Vicini]  couped  sable. 

The  arms  containing  "  three  oak  twigs  " 
are  the  paternal  arms  of  Anne  Hoostman, 
daughter  of  Egidius  Hoostman  of  Antwerp  ; 
married  (i.)  Sir  Horatio  Palavicini  of  Ba- 
braham,  Cambs,  of  a  noble  Genoese  family  ; 
(ii.)  in  1601,  as  his  second  wife,  Sir  Oliver 
Cromwell,  Kt.,  of  Hinchinbrook,  Hunts, 
uncle  of  Oliver,  Lord  Protector.  The 
Hoostman  arms  are — Azure,'  three  acorns 
slipped  and  leaved  or,  quarterly  with  argent, 
a  bull's  head  couped  sable,  armed  or  ;  in 
pretence  argent,  a  lion  rampant  regardant 
vert,  ducally  crowned  or. 

With  regard  to  the  second  question,  it  is 
difficult  to  give  a  definite  answer  ;  in  many 
cases  the  arms  of  naturalized  families  are 
obviously  of  foreign  origin  and  character, 
but  duly  registered  and  apparently  the 
original  unchanged  bearings.  In  the  cases 
of  the  important  families  of  Calvert  (Lords 
Baltimore,  Lords -Proprietors  of  Maryland 
and  Avalon)  and  of  Pechell  distinct  changes 
are  on  record. 

Calvert,  originally  of  Flanders,  bore  first 
Or,  three  martlets  sable  ;  in  1622  Sir  Richarc 
St.  George,  Norroy  King  of  Arms,  grantee 
them  Paly  of  six,  or  and  sable,  a  benc 
counterchanged  —  which  coat  they  bore  til 
extinction  in  the  male  line,  1774. 

Pechell,  when  still  the  French  de  Pechels 
bore  Or,  four  eaglets  displayed  sable  ;  this 


oat,  after  their  settlement  in  England  in 
:he  sixteenth  century,  was  exchanged  for  a 
grant  of  Gules,  a  lion  rampant  or,  on  a  chief 
of  the  second  three  laurel -slips  vert. 

So  it  seems  probable  that  if  the  right  to 
the  foreign  coat  be  doubtful  or  incapable  of 
proof,  or  if  the  family  so  request,  an  entirely 
new  grant  would  be  made  ;  but  in  other 
cases  the  original  arms  would  hold  good  in 
any  College  of  Heralds,  or  before  any  official 
or  body  empowered  to  judge. 

STUART  E.   BEAL. 
Old  Park  House,  Stubbington,  Fareham,  Hants. 

RHYMED  HISTORY  OF  ENGLAND  (12  S. 
x.  249,  297,  352).— The  version  quoted  by 
G.  L.  at  the  second  reference  and  discussed  at 
the  third  by  Dr.  MAGRATH  is  an  adaptation 
of  the  following,  which  appeared  in  one  of 
the  magazines  issued  in  1816  : — 

If  the  life  of  his  present  Majesty  be  prolonged 
till  Nov.  27,  1816,  his  reign  will  be  the  longest  since 
the  Conquest.  Here  is  a  song  by  Collings,  that 
may  be  called  Muttum  in  parvo. 

The  Romans  in  England  they  once  did  sway, 
And  the  Saxons  they  after  them  led  the  way, 
And  they  tugg'd  with  the  Danes,  till  an  overthrow 
They  both  of  them  got  by  the  Norman  bow. 

CHORUS. 

Yet  barring  all  pother,  the  one  and  the  other 
Were  all  of  them  kings  in  their  turn. 

Little  Willy  the  Conqueror  long  did  reign, 
But  Billy  his  son  by  an  arrow  was  slain  ; 
And  Harry  the  First  was  a  scholar  bright, 
But  Stephen  was  forced  for  his  crown  to  fight. 

Second  Harry  Plantagenet's  name  did  bear, 
And  Coeur  de  Lion  was  his  son  and  heir  ; 
But  Magna  Charta  was  gained  from  John, 
Which  Harry  the  third  put  his  seal  upon. 

There  was  Teddy  fche  First  like  a  lion  bold, 
But  the  Second  by  rebels  was  bought  and  sold  ; 
And  Teddy  the  Third  was  his  subjects'  pride, 
Though  Dicky  his  grandson  was  set  aside. 

There  was  Harry  the  Fourth,  a  warlike  wight, 
And  Harry  the  Fifth  like  a  cock  would  fight  ; 
Though  Harry  the  Sixth  like  a  chick  did  pout, 
When  Teddy  his  cousin  had  kick'd  him  out. 

Poor  Teddy  the  Fifth  was  kill'd  in  bed 
By  butchering  Dick,  who  was  knock'd  on  the  head  ; 
Then  Harry  the  Seventh  in  fame  grew  big, 
And  Harry  the  Eighth  was  as  fat  as  a  pig. 

With  Teddy  the  Sixth  we  had   tranquil  days, 
Though  Mary  made  fire  and  faggots  blaze  ; 
But  good  Queen  Bess  was  a  glorious  dame, 
And  bonnie  King  Jamie  from  Scotland  came. 

Poor  Charley  the  First  was  a  martyr  made, 
But  Charley  his  son  was  a  comical  blade  ; 
And  Jemmy  the  Second,  when  hotly  spurr'd, 
Ran  away,  d'ye  see,  from  Willy  the  Third. 


12  S.  X.  MAY  13,  1922.1 


NOTES   AND  QUERIES. 


377 


Queen  Anne  was  victor  ious  by  land,  and  sea, 
And  Georgey  the  First  did  with  glory  sway  ; 
And  as  Georgey  the  Second  has  long  been  dead, 
Long  life  to  the  Georgey  we  have  in  his  stead  ! 

R.  J.  LISTER. 

PRIME  MINISTER  (12  S.  ix.  446;  x.  117, 
155).  —  When  I  said  that  I  could  not  find 
if  any  quotation  of  the  two  words  ["  pri."  and 
"  min."]  in  '  N.E.D.'  "  I  had  overlooked  the 
entry  "  Prime  Minister  "  between  "  primely" 
and  "  primeness."  (I  submit  that  this  is 
not  the  proper  place  for  two  words  uncon- 
nected by  a  hyphen,  and  that  I  was  entitled 
to  look  for  the  phrase  under  "  prime  "  or 
"  minister  "  —  in  neither  of  which  is  it,  in 
fact,  to  be  found.) 

The  new  source  cites  Clarendon  in  1647 
(a  misprint  for  1643)  for  "  his  prime  minis- 
ters "  of  Ireland,  and  the  Earl  of  Norwich 
in  1655  for  "  the  Prince  of  Conde's  prime 
minister."  In  neither  case,  therefore,  is 
there  a  reference  to  the  head  of  the  English 
Cabinet  or  Government,  and  (if  I  was  right 
at  12  S.  ix.  446,  and  x.  155)  Reresby  still 
holds  the  field  for  this  —  which  is  our  quest. 

Premier.—  I  believe  Roger  North  first 
used  this  word  in  our  sense,  like  Reresby,  of 
the  Duke  of  Buckingham  and  of  the  same 
year,  1667.  Examen  Pt.  III.,  c.  vi.,  §41, 
p.  453  ;  and,  again,  of  1670,  ib.9  c.  vii.,  §  15, 
p.  515—  both  written  after  1706;  1667  is 
earlier  than  Evelyn's  1686  cited  by  '  N.E.D.,' 
but,  no  doubt,  Evelyn  wrote  in  1686. 

H.  C  --  N. 

"  PROBABILITY  is  THE  GUIDE  OF  LIFE  " 
(12  S.  x.  329).  —  For  Arcesilaus's  view  see 
Sextus  Empiricus,  '  Adv.  Math.,'  vii.  158:  — 

'AXX'  eVei  /AfTa.  TOVTO  e'Sei  KOI  rrfpl  rrjs  TOV  @iov 
difgayuyris  &T(lv,  TJTIS  ov  ^oopis  Kpirrjpiov  TTffpvKev 
a7ro8i'5ocr&u,  o<^>'  ov  KOI  rj  fvdai/j.ovia,  Toure'ori  TO 
TOV  ftiov  T€\os,  rjprrj^fi'rjv  €\ei  TTJV  irio~Tiv,  (prjalv  6 
',  on  6  Trcpl  ndvTtov  fff(\<ov  KCLVOVK!,  TCIS 
KOI  (pvyds  Kal  KOIVWS  ray  TTpd^eis  r&i 
),  Kara  TOVTO  T(  rrpoep^6p,€vos  TO  KpiTrjpiov 


Carneades's  attitude  on  the  same  question 
is  given  in  section  166:  — 

yA.TraiTovp.fvos  ^€  KOI  CIVTOS  Tt  KpiTrjpiov  npos  Tf 
Trjv  TOV  /Si'ov  die  t-aywyrjv  KOI  Trpos  TTJV  TYJS  fv8aip,ovia? 
TTfpiKTrjo'iv,  o~vvdp.fi  €TTavayKd£(TCii  KOI  KctQ*  avTo" 
nfpl  TOVTOV  o"uiTd.TTfo~Oai,  7rpoo~\ap.(3dv(t)v  Trjv  Tf 
TriOavrjv  (pavTaaiav  Kal  TTJV  TriOavrjv  ap.a  KOI  direpi- 


It  is  hardly  possible  to  indicate  the  exact 
force  of  the  required  expressions  without 
giving  these  passages  at  length.  The  text 


is  that  of  H.  Mutschmann  in  the  Teubner 
series.  The  quotations  on  these  points  in 
the  latest  edition  of  the  English  translation 
of  Zeller's  '  Stoics,  Epicureans  and  Sceptics  ' 
contain  more  than  one  misprint. 

Is  the -English  phrase  to  be  found  earlier 
than  in  the  third  paragraph  of  the  Introduc- 
tion to  Bishop  Butler's  '  Analogy,'  which 
begins  "  Probable  Evidence,  in  its  very 
nature,  affords  but  an  imperfect  kind  of 
Information,"  and  ends  with  the  sentence, 
"  But  to  Us,  Probability  is  the  very  Guide 
of  Life  "  ?  EDWARD  BENSLY. 

Much  Hadham,  Herts. 

Is  there  any  earlier  English  version  of 
this  aphorism  than  Bishop  Butler's  in  the 
'  Analogy,'  "  To  us  probability  is  the  very 
guide  of  life."  LABOR  IPSE  VOLUPTAS. 

GENERAL  NICHOLSON  (12  S.  x.  109,  158, 
173,  290,  337). — The  following  facts  may 
interest  MR.  L.  ELIOT  and  others.  By  the 
kindness  of  Miss  Bellett — surviving  daughter 
of  the  Rev.  George  Bellett,  who  baptized  the 
General — I  am  enabled  to  present  a  photo- 
graph of  John  Nicholson  to  the  Royal  Irish 
Academy,  where  it  will  be  carefully  preserved 
and  valued.  A  manuscript  note  inside  the 
covering  case  reads  : — 

General  Nicholson,  who  was  killed  in  Delhi 
during  the  siege  in  1857.  This  photograph  was 
taken  in  the  year  1851,  when  he  was  29  years  of 
age,  and.  just  before  his  return  to  India  from 
England,  where  he  had  been  for  some  short  time 
on  furlough.  It  was  given  to  me  by  his  sister, 
Mrs.  Maxwell  of  East  Roding,  near  Dunmow,  in  the 
county  of  Essex,  in  remembrance  of  the  father  of 
the  General,  who  was  one  of  my  earliest  and 
dearest  friends. 

Miss  Bellett,  in  an  explanatory  letter 
to  me,  says  : — 

This  MS.  was  written  by  my  Uncle  John,  I  do 
not  know  in  what  year,  but  he  died  in  1864. 

John  was  the  eldest  of  three  brothers,  the 
other  two  being  the  Rev.  George  and  the 
Rev.  Thomas  Bellett.  Of  the  faded  gold 
stamp  on  the  outside  of  the  case  I  succeeded 
in  deciphering  three  words — Kilbum  and 
Regent  Street ;  and,  with  this  clue,  I  found 
in  the  London  Directory  for  1851  the  name 
*'W.  E.  Kilburn,  photographer  by  appoint- 
ment to  Her  Majesty  the  Quieen  and  the 
Prince  Consort." 

The  pedigree  of  Jaffray,  mentioned  by 
another  correspondent,  and  connected  with 
the  Nicholsons,  I  have  not  investigated. 

J.  F.  FULLER. 

Dublin. 


378 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       1 12 s.  X.MAY  13, 1022. 


SWEENEY  TODD  (12  S.x.  330).— MB.  FRANK 
JAY  may  be  quite  certain  that  the  "  Sweeney 
Todd "  traditions  of  the  wine-cellar  in 
Johnson's  Court  are  bogus,  for  the  very 
good  reason  that  there  never  was  such  a 
person  as  "  Sweeney  Todd,  the  demon 
barber  of  Fleet  Street."  Mr.  H.  C.  Porter 
completely  exploded  this  popular  and  wide- 
spread myth  in  the  columns  of  '  N.  &  Q.' 
in  1902  (9  S.  ix.  345).  Briefly,  there  was 
a  gruesome  crime  of  this  sort  of  which  a 
barber  and  a  piemaker  were  convicted  in 
Paris  in  1800.  It  is  described  in  detail  in 
Fouche's  'Archives  of  the  Police.'  Twenty- 
four  years  afterwards  an  account  of  it 
appeared  in  a  monthly  magazine,  The  Tell 
Tale,  published  in  London.  In  1840  there 
appeared  in  London  in  parts  a  sensational 
story  entitled  '  Sweeney  Todd,  the  Demon 
Barber  of  Fleet  Street,  and  the  String  of 
Pearls.'  It  was  issued  by  the  late  Mr. 
Edward  Lloyd,  the  founder  of  The  Daily 
Chronicle,  and  its  author  was  Thomas 
Prest,  referred  to  by  MB.  JAY  in  his  reply 
on  Early  Victorian  Literature  (ante,  p.  332). 
Prest  took  the  Paris  narrative,  changed 
the  locality  to  London,  placed  the  barber's 
shop  at  No.  186,  Fleet  Street,  next  door  to 
St.  Dunstan's  Church  (pulled  down  in  May, 
1913),  and  the  pie-shop  in  Bell  Yard.  The 
story  had  an  enormous  circulation  and  has 
been  re-issued  time  after  time.  Several 
melodramas  have  been  written  on  the  theme, 
one  being  produced  at  the  Britannia  in 
Hoxton  in  1842,  and  another  at  the  Old 
Vic.  The  result  has  been  a  very  wide- 
spread belief  in  the  popular  mind  that 
Sweeney  Todd  was  a  real  person,  and  this 
was  revived  30  years  ago  by  the  discovery 
of  a  quantity  of  old  bones  in  the  basement 
of  No.  186,  Fleet  Street.  The  explanation 
of  that  phenomenon  was  simple  ;  the  old 
vaults  of  St.  Dunstan's  Church  stretched 
up  to  the  house  and  had  been  broken  into 
by  the  excavators,  but  it  certainly  revived 
the  old  myth.  There  never  was  any  Fleet 
Street  "  demon  barber "  named  Sweeney 
Todd,  and  even  in  fiction  his  name  was 
never  associated  with  the  wine-shop  in 
Johnson's  Court,  which,  to  the  best  of  my 
belief,  was  not  opened  as  a  wine-shop  until 
three  or  four  years  ago.  The  chair  and  all 
the  rest  of  it  are  merely  "  picturesque 
details."  As  for  the  steps  said  to  have  led 
to  the  old  Fleet  River,  I  believe  they  are 
equally  bogus.  It  would  have  necessitated 
the  construction  of  a  tunnel  under  a  district 
pretty  thickly  built  upon,  and  there  is 


nothing  about  the  house  in  Johnson's  Court 
to  suggest  a  reason  for  its  being  undertaken. 
R.  S.  PENGELLY. 

SPBUSEN'S  ISLAND  (12  S.  x.  288,  336). — 
In  Maitland's  1739  edition,  Sprusen's  Island 
or  Sprucer's  Island  had  become  corrupted 
to  Pruson's  Island,  and  the  same  spelling 
appears  in  Dodsley's  list  of  streets  published 
in  1762.  In  Eline's  '  Topographical  Dic- 
tionary '  (1831)  it  is  given  thus,  "Prussian 
(a  corruption  of  Pruson's)  Island,  Wappiiig 
Street."  In  the  '  List  of  Streets  and  Places 
in  the  Administrative  County  of  London,' 
issued  by  the  L.C.C.  in  1912,  it  is  stated  that 
Prusom's  Island  was  renamed,  in  July,  1898, 
Hilliard's  Court,  and  this  thoroughfare  still 
exists.  It  is  reached  by  Clegg  Street,  a 
turning  out  of  Prusom  Street,  which  thus 
preserves  the  remains  of  the  old  name. 
Prusom  Street  runs  from  the  lower  end  of 
Old  Gravel  Lane  to  the  end  of  New  Gravel 
Lane,  in  the  district  between  the  London 
Docks  and  High  Street,  Wapping.  On  one 
side  of  it  a  considerable  area  is  occupied 
by  the  St.  George's  Workhouse.  In  maps 
of  London,  dated  1822,  1835,  1837  and 
1847  I  have  found  the  present  Prusom 
Street  called  King  Street. 

R.  S.  PENGELLY. 

12,  Poynder's  Road,  Clapham  Park. 

"  A  ROBIN  HOOD  WIND  "  (7  S.  xi.  248).— 
Thirty- one  years  ago  MB.  HEBBEBT  HABDY 
of  Dewsbury  sought  information  as  to  the 
origin  of  the  above  expression  in  connexion 
with  a  wind  that  caused  the  thawing  of  snow 
and  ice.  In  the  Notes  and  Queries  column 
of  The  Manchester  City  News  the  subject 
has  been  lately  referred  to.  Several  corre- 
spondents vouch  for  the  use  of  the  phrase 
during  the  last  seventy  years,  and  even 
down  to  the  present  day,  always  coupled 
with  the  explanation  that  Robin  Hood 
could  face  any  wind  but  a  "  thaw  wind." 

One  correspondent  of  The  Manchester 
City  News  suggests  that  the  expression 
belongs  originally  to  the  neighbourhood  of 
Rochdale,  and  refers  to  the  bitter  north  and 
east  winds  that  come  from  the  direction  of 
Blackstone  Edge,  a  predominant  feature  of 
which  hill  is  Robin  Hood's  Bed.  The  thawing 
winds  from  the  south  and  west  are  not 
referred  to  as  "  Robin  Hood  winds." 

I  am  inclined  to  think  that  the  expression 
is  based  on  a  widely  spread  tradition.  In 
the  '  Life  and  Ballads  of  Robin  Hood,'  one 
of  the  volumes  of  the  '  Cottager's  Library,' 


12  s.  x.  MAY  is,  i922.i       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


379 


issued  sixty  or  seventy  years  ago  by  Nichol- 
son and  Sons  of  Wakefield,  the  second 
chapter  begins  with  these  words  : — 

Every  one,  at  least  every  Yorkshi reman,  is 
familiar  with  the  observation  that  Robin  Hood 
could  brave  all  weathers  but  a  thaw  wind. 

ARTHUR  BOWES. 

Newton-le-Willows,  Lanes. 

PEEL  YATES  (12  S.  x.  310). — The  families 
of  Peel  and  Yates  were  intimately  connected 
with  one  another  in,  the  eighteenth  century. 
Robert  Peel,  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
calico-printing  trade  in  Lancashire,  entered 
into  partnership,  about  1760,  with  William 
Yates.  His  son,  the  first  Sir  Robert  Peel, 
married  William  Yates' s  daughter  Ellen  in 
1783,  and  their  son,  the  second  Sir  Robert 
Peel,  was  the  famous  statesman.  In  the 
younger  branch  of  their  family  the  name 
Yates  occurs  several  times  as  a  second 
Christian  name.  Further  particulars  of  both 
families  and  of  the  connexion  between  them 
will  be  found  in  Abram's  '  History  of  Black- 
burn.' H.  J.  B.  CLEMENTS. 

CAP  or  MAINTENANCE  (12  S.  x.  151,  195, 
231,  258,  275).— Since  sending  the  illustra- 
tion of  the  cap.  of  maintenance  in  the  St. 
William  window,  York  Minster  (ante,  p.  275), 
my  father,  Mr.  J.  W.  Knowles,  has  called 
my  attention  to  the  following  passage  in  the 
late  Sir  W.  St.  John  Hope's  w  Heraldry  for 
Craftsmen,'  p.  154  : — 

The  cap  of  estate  first  appears,  surmounted  by 
his  leopard  crest,  on  the  head  of  King  Edward  III. 
in  the  great  seal  made  for  him  in  February,  1339- 
40,  on  his  assumption  of  the  title  of  King  of  France. 
Whether  the  cap  has  any  connexion  with  the  as- 
sumption of  the  King's  new  title  it  is  difficult  to 
say,  but  its  more  common  name  of  "  cap  of  main- 
tenance "  would  acquire  a  significant  meaning 
could  such  connexion  be  proved.  According 
to  the  "  Little  Device "  for  the  coronation 
of  Henry  VII.  there  were  to  ride  before  the  King 
in  the  procession  "  ij  Squiers  for  the  Kinges  bodie 
bearing  in  baudrick  wise  twoo  mantells  furred  wt 
Ermyns  wearing  twoo  hattes  of  Estate  of  Crymsen 
clothe  of  golde  beked  on,  beks  turnyd  upp  be- 
hinde,  and  furred  also  wt  Ermyns." 

The  above  description  tallies  exactly  with 
the  representation  of  the  cap  in  the  window. 
JOHN  A.  KNOWLES. 

LANCE  CALKIN  (12  S.  x.  290).— This 
artist  is  still  alive,  and  his  nationality  is 
British.  '  The  Sinking  of  the  Birkenhead  ' 
was  painted  by  him  for  The  Graphic,  and 
was  reproduced  in  colour  in  that  paper  in 
1899,  the  same  year  that  it  was  painted. 
ARCHIBALD  SPARKE. 


NIGGER  MINSTRELSY  (12  S.  x.  169,  217).— 
According  to  R.  P.  Nevin  in  The  Atlantic 
Monthly  Magazine  (Boston,  Mass.,  U.S.A.) 
for  November,  1867,  Stephen  Collins  Foster 
(born  Lawrenceville,  Pittsburg,  1826  ;  died 
New  York  City,  1864),  wrote  the  words  and 
music  of  '  Camptown  Races '  in  1850, 
producing  the  words  and  music  of  '  My 
Old  Kentucky  Home '  in  the  same  year. 

'  Camptown  Races '  was  preceded  by 
'The  Louisiana  Belle'  (1845  or  1846), 
'Uncle  Ned'  and  'Oh,  Susanna'  (1847), 
'  Old  Folks  at  Home,'  alias  '  Suwanee 
River'  (1851),  'Hard  Times'  (1854),  &c., 
for  all  of  which  Foster  wrote  not  only 
the  music  but  the  words. 

These  songs  were  associated  with  the 
birth  of  negro  minstrelsy,  begun  in  the 
autumn  of  1830  by  W.  D.  Rice  in  the  old 
Pittsburg  Theatre  (on  Fifth  Street),  when 
Rice  dressed  himself  in  the  clothes  of 
a  negro  named  Cuff,  and  sang,  danced  and 
played,  on  the  fiddle,  a  tune  called  '  Jump 
Jim  Crow,'  learned  by  him  from  a  negro 
stage-driver  in  Cincinnati  in  1830.  The 
first  edition  of  this  ancestral  minstrel  song, 
'  Jump  Jim  Crow,'  was  published  by 
W.  C.  Peters,  of  Market  Street,  Pittsburg, 
about  1831  or  1832,  with  a  lithographic 
title  page,  the  first  of  its  kind  ever  executed 
in  Pittsburg. 

The  words  of  '  Camptown  Races'  were 
published  by  O.  Ditson  of  Boston,  U.S.A., 
in  'Minstrel  Songs  Old  and  New'  (1882). 

H.  C.  MERCER. 

SPRY  FAMILY  (12  S.  x.  309). — Sprai  is  a 
very  unlikely  origin  for  the  name  Spry.  Old 
manors  were  sometimes  mortgaged.  More- 
over, there  are  other  Bramshills  in  England. 
Mr.  Hautenville  Cope,  who  has  studied 
the  descents  of  Bramshill  in  Hants,  finds 
no  confirmation  for  this  statement,  and 
thinks  that,  as  so  often  happens,  the  manor 
has  been  confused  with  some  other  place. 
It  belonged  to  the  De  Ports  at  the  period 
mentioned.  The  statement  is  in  the  *  Vic- 
toria County  History  '  and  was  queried  by 
Mr.  Cope  at  the  time  it  was  published. 

CLARIORES  E  TENEBRIS. 

WILLIAM  MILBURN  (12  S.  x.  189). — The 
*  Biographical  Dictionary  of  Living  Authors  ' 
(1816)  describes  him  as  "  of  the 


(1816) 

Company's    service, 

second    edition    of 

1824). 


the  East  India 
Lowndes   notices   a 
Oriental    Commerce  ' 

W.  B.  H. 


380 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [12  s.  x.  MAY  13, 1922. 


on 

The  Cambridge  Medieval  History.  Vol.  III. : 
Germany  and  the  Western  Empire.  (Cam- 
bridge University  Press.  £2  10s.  net.) 
THIS  volume  takes  the  history  of  medieval 
Europe  from  the  death  of  Charlemagne  to  the  end 
of  the  eleventh  century.  It  thus  represents  one 
of  the  more  formidable  passages  of  the  whole 
enterprise.  On  the  one  hand,  a  few  well-defined 
ideas  concerning  religion,  government,  and  the 
nature  of  society  gather  force  as  the  generations 
advance,  and  are  seen  everywhere  with  pro- 
gressive dominance  moulding  the  minds  and 
impressing  the  customs  of  the  population.  On 
the  other  hand,  the  external  history  of  these 
centuries  presents  a  scene  of  such  apparently 
meaningless  and  fruitless  change,  of  such  unending 
confusion  and  pitiless  strife,  that  memory  boggles 
at  the  multitude  of  necessary  details,  and  the 
imagination,  besides  being  revolted  by  so  much 
violence,  can  only  with  great  difficulty  relate  the 
wild  story  to  its  inner  principles.  Such  conditions 
make  the  requisite  selection  from  the  mass  of 
material,  and  then  the  handling  of  the  selected 
facts  in  narrative,  doubly  laborious.  We  should 
say  that,  on  the  whole,  the  contributors  to  this 
volume — so  far  as  their  work  in  it  is  concerned — 
are  more  highly  to  be  esteemed  for  their  unques- 
tionable competence  as  historians  than  for  their 
success  in  setting  out  their  material  to  advantage. 
There  is  too  little  relief,  whether  in  the  mere 
verbal  style  of  many  of  the  articles,  or  in  the 
presentation  of  facts  and  characters.  The  great 
men  of  these  days  are  seen  embedded  in  detail, 
like  a  portrait  by  Guevara  of  a  person  closely 
surrounded  by  his  possessions.  In  both  cases  it 
is  not  to  be  denied  that  actual  life  so  presents 
people  to  us — but,  when  the  object  of  fixing  atten- 
tion upon  a  man  is  to  make  some  real  acquaintance 
with  him,  a  measure  of  isolating  convention 
becomes  almost  indispensable.  It  may,  of 
course,  be  argued  that  character  studies  should  be 
pursued  elsewhere,  the  purpose  of  this  *history 
being  mainly  the  great  course  of  events  ;  but  in 
the  first  place,  where  general  European  history  is 
concerned,  there  is  not  really  much  English  work 
to  which  a  student  can  be  sent  for  the  purpose, 
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381 


LONDON.  MAY  20.  1922. 


CONTENTS.— No.   214. 

NOTES  :— Marat  in  England.  381— Peyto  of  Chesterton  : 
Seventeenth-century  Accounts,  384 — The  Battle  of  Tara, 
385 — Benson  and  Smith  Families,  387— Hubert  de  Kie  and 
Fnlbert  of  Dover — Mad  Plans  that  have  been  realized— The 
Hackney  Mermaid  and  the  Old  Freemasons,  388. 

QUERIES  :— Salad— Pbillipps  MSS. :  Devaux  Letters- 
Heraldic  :  Identification  of  Anns  wanted,  389 — Jeary — Sir 
Samuel  Mori  and  :  Tablet  at  Hammersmith — Allingham 
Family— William  Swan— Burial  of  Lord  Zouche.  1625— 
Bredon  Hill— Nineteenth  -  century  Writers  on  Sport  — 
Austrian  Hunting-horn—William  Reader,  390 — J.  D. 
Herbert — Rayment  (Eng.) — Capt.  Jones's  '  Adventures  in 
Patagonia  ' — Temple  Henry  Croker — William  Cullen  (Culling) 
—Reversing  the  Union  Jack — Hudson  Pedigree— Nathaniel 
Fletcher— Authors  wanted.  391. 

REPLIES  :— John  Frederick  Smith,  Novelist,  391  — Need- 
ham's  Point  Cemetery,  Barbados— Capt.  Stafford  Bettes- 
worth  Haines,  393— The  Lytteltons  and  the  Popish  Plot- 
Composers  of  Hymn  Tunes,  394 — Stone  Sign,  Lower  Thames 
Street— English  Army  Slang — Esquire  and  Essayist- 
Reformations  of  the  Calendar,  395 — Exhibitions  of  Automata 
in  London— Two  Fleet  Street  Taverns — Mothering  Sunday, 
396 — The  One-legged  Lord  Mayor — Surnames  as  Christian 
Names  -Rhymed  History  of  England—'  The  King,  the 
Bishop,  and  the  Shepherd,'  397 — Cane-bottomed  Chairs — 
The  Charing  Cross  Magazine — Charles  D.  Gordon — Loftus — 
Barrel  Organs  in  Churches — "  Tuileurs  "  :  a  French  Masonic 
Term,  398— Martin — "  Tight,"  and  Other  Equine  Terms,  399. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :— '  A  Guide  to  English  Gothic  Archi- 
tecture '— '  The  Victorian  Age  ' — '  Language  :  An  Introduc- 
tion to  the  Study  of  Speech  '— '  Readings  in  English  Social 
History  from  Contemporary  Literature.' 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


Jgote*. 

MARAT  IN    ENGLAND. 

OVER  a  century  ago,  indeed  so  far  back  as  the 
last  few  years  of  his  own  lifetime,  there  were 
intermittently  afloat  rumours  associating  the 
name  of  Jean  Paul  Marat  with  that  of  a 
certain  Oxford  criminal  called  Le  Maitre. 
Gradually,  however,  and  not  perhaps  sur- 
prisingly, these  rumours,  as  well  as  the  some- 
what obscure  and  complex  incidents  that 
gave  them  birth,  began  to  fade  in  the  glare  of 
more  lurid  events,  and  it  is  only  of  recent 
years  that  the  story  of  this  identity  has  been 
revived  and  some  slight,  albeit  not  very 
enlightening,  controversy  evoked  thereby. 
In  the  present  paper  it  is  proposed  to  adduce 
somematerial  for  the  solution  of  this  problem, 
drawn  not  so  much  from  the  public  acts  and 
utterances  of  Jean  Paul  as  from  the  much 
less-known  incidents  of  his  private  career,  and 
to  indicate  the  inferences  that  may  safely  be 
drawn  therefrom.  Let  us  recall  the  facts,  so 
far  as  they  can  be  said  to  be  certainly  known. 


Jean  Paul  Marat  was  born  at  Boudry,  then 
in  the  Prussian  principality,  but  now  in  the 
Swiss  canton,  of  Neuchatel,  on  May  24,  1743. 
His  father  was  a  native  of  Cagliari,  in  Sardinia , 
where,  it  should  be  noted,  the  family  name 
was  spelt  Mara,  the  final  t  having  been  added 
many  years  later  by  Jean  Paul  himself.  In 
1740  the  elder  Mara,  having  renounced 
Catholicism  in  favour  of  the  Protestant 
religion,  had  migrated  to  Geneva,  in  which 
city,  possibly  for  reasons  connected  with  his 
conversion,  he  adopted  the  alias  of  Jean  Mara 
(or  Maxa)  Bonfils,  and  it  was  under  this 
pseudonym  that,  later  in  the  same  year,  he 
married  Louise  Cabrol,  a  young  French 
Protestant,  whose  people  lived  in  Geneva  and 
carried  on  the  business  of  hairdressers.  On 
March  10,  1741,  the  records  show  that  the 
husband  was  formally  admitted  to  the 
citizenship  of  Geneva.  In  1742  they  removed 
to  Boudry,  where  apparently  the  alias  of 
"  Bonfils  "  was  discarded,  for  the  baptismal 
certificate  of  Jean  Paul,  dated  June  8,  1743, 
describes  him  as  the  son  of  "  Jean  Mara." 
Although  stated  by  several  authorities  to 
have  been  by  profession  a  medical  man,  the 
elder  Mara  is  described  in  his  marriage  con- 
tract merely  as  a  "painter  and  designer," 
and  while  at  Boudry  he  in  fact  obtained  a 
situation  in  a  business  house  in  that  capacity 
(Cabanes,  *  Marat  Inconnu,'  2nd  ed.,  p.  29  ; 
Bax,  '  Life  of  Marat,'  1901,  pp.  15-17).  In 
1754,  however,  he  removed  to  the  town  of 
Neuchatel,  where  a  notice  is  recorded  that 
"  the  Sieur  Jean  Mara,  native  of  Cagliari  in 
Sardinia,  proselyte,  designer  and  master  of 
the  Italian  and  Spanish  languages,  having 
sought  the  right  of  domicile  in  this  town, 
his  request  is  adjourned  for  certificates  of 
good  conduct."  Afterwards,  on  receipt  of 
these,  he  was  duly  admitted  as  an  inhabitant 
with  full  rights  (Bax,  p.  17).  Finally,  in 
17 68  he  returned  to  Geneva,  where,  it  seems, 
he  confined  himself  wholly  to  the  calling  of 
maitre  de  langues,  for  it  is  as  such  only  that  he 
is  described  in  the  register  of  his  death  in 
1783.  He  left  four  sons,  of  whom  Jean  Paul 
was  the  eldest,  and  three  daughters.  The 
second  son,  Henri  Mara,  on  completing  his 
education,  had  obtained  a  post  as  tutor  in  a 
Russian  college,  where,  curiously  enough, 
he,  too,  assumed  an  alias,  different,  however, 
from  the  paternal  one,  viz.,  that  of  "  M.  de 
Boudry  "  (Cabanes,  p.  34).  Burdened  thus 
with  a  wife  and  seven  children,  Mara  pere 
appears  always  to  have  lived  in  straitened 
circumstances  ;  his  estate  realized  but  a 
few  hundred  florins,  and  on  his  death  those 


382 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [12  s.x.  MAY  so,  1922. 


of  his  children'  who  remained  at  home  were 
constrained  to  follow  manual'  occupations 
(ibid.,  p.  32). 

-«JYoung  Jean  Paul,  although  he  attended  the 
colleges  first  of  Neuchatel  and  afterwards, 
it  has  been  said,  of  Toulouse  and  Bordeaux, 
appears  to  have  been  educated  in  large  part 
by  his  father.  In  any  case  he  was  an  omni- 
vorous student  and  rapidly  acquired  a  know- 
ledge of  several  modern  languages,  classics, 
and  the  rudiments  of  science.  When  only 
16  years  of  age  (1759),  urged,  without  doubt, 
like  his  brother  Henri,  by  stress  of  family 
circumstances  and  not,  as  some  of  his  bio- 
graphers have  sentimentally  conjectured,  by 
grief  at  the  loss  of  his  mother,  who,  in  fact, 
survived  his  exodus  by  several  years,  he 
left  home  and  succeeded  in  securing  the 
situation  of  tutor  to  the  children  of  M.  Paul 
Nairac,  a  sugar-refiner  at  Bordeaux,  who, 
through  his  wife,  had  connexions  in  Switzer- 
land. At  Bordeaux,  whether  as  tutor  or 
alumnus  or  both,  Jean  Paul  remained,  he 
tells  us,  for  two  years,  when  he  determined  to 
seek  his  fortune  elsewhere.  It  is  from  this 
year,  at  all  events,  that  the  first  of  those 
peculiar  lacunae  which  mark  his  career  dates. 
The  elucidation  of  these  obscure  intervals, 
although  of  special  importance  to  the  present 
inquiry,  has,  however,  been  very  imperfectly 
attempted  by  his  biographers,  one  of  whom 
remarks  that  "  From  the  age  of  16  to  31  his- 
tory loses  sight  of  Marat,"  another  that  "  We 
know  only  what  he  tells  us  in  a  few  lines  of 
his  newspaper,"  and  a  third  that  "  The 
whole  existence  of  Marat  in  England  remains 
in  shadow  "  (Vellay,  *  Correspondance  de 
Marat,'  p.  vii.). 

Leaving  Bordeaux,  then,  in  1761,  when  18 
years  of  age,  what  became  of  Jean  Paul  ? 
His  own  account  of  his  movements  is 
vague,  dateless  and  unreliable.  In  1793  he 
published  this  scrap  of  autobiography  : — 

I  approach  my  50th  year.  But  since  161  have 
been  absolute  master  of  my  own  conduct.  I  lived 
two  years  at  Bordeaux,  10  in  Londan,one  in  Dublin, 
one  at  The  Hague,  Utrecht  and  Amsterdam,  19  in 
Paris,  and  I  have  travelled  over  half  Europe  (Le 
Publiciste  Parisien,  March  19,  1793). 
This  itinerary,  however,  though  usually 
accepted  by  his  biographers  as  authentic, 
is  in  almost  every  particular  untrustworthy. 
For  example,  it  would  imply  that  his  10  years' 
residence  in  England  began  4n  1761  ;  on  the 
other  hand,  in  the  Preface  to  his  *  Essay  on 
Gleets,'  published  in  London  on  Nov.  21, 
1775,  he  speaks  of  his  "  10  years'  medical 
practice  in  this  country,"  which  would  seem 
to  place  his  sojourn  from  1765  to  1775,  and 


•leave  the  years  1761-1765  unexplained. 
I  Elsewhere,  again,  he  states  that  "  after  10 
!  years  passed  in  London  and  Edinburgh,  I 
Ireturned  to  Paris  "  (Letter  to  St.  Laurent, 
|  Nov.  20,  1783).  Now,  as  the  date  of  this 
'particular  return  marked,  as  we  shall  see,  en 
|  important  incident  in  his  career  and  is 
officially  established  as  1777,  the  preceding  10 
years  would  stretch  back  only  to  1767,  and 
so  would  either  wholly  eliminate,  or  at  least 
materially  diminish,  his  alleged  sojourns  in 
Dublin  and  Holland.  How,  then,  were  these 
10  years,  commencing  whether  in  1761,  1765 
or  1767,  passed  ?  It  is  difficult  to  say,  since 
he  supplies  a  different  version  as  occasion 
requires.  From  the  letter  just  quoted, 
which  was  written  to  further  his  candidature 
for  an  academic  post,  as  well  as  from  a  Fore- 
word to  one  of  his  works  on  electricity,  they 
were  presumably  absorbed  in  "  science  "  ; 
when,  however,  politics  are  on  hand,  they  had 
been  devoted  to  a  study  of  the  "  merits  and 
vices  of  the  British  Constitution  "  ('  (Thames 
de  FEsclavage,'  Paris,  1792,  p.  324)  ;  while, 
when  some  more  apposite  background  is 
needed  for  a  professional  tract,  this  accom- 
modating period  has  been  passed  entirely  in 
"  medical  practice  "  ( *  Essay  on  Gleets,'  p.  17). 
The  following  particulars  may  perhaps 
help  us  to  answer  this  question  rather 
more  accurately. 

The  earliest  specific  record  of  Jean  Paul's 
residence  in  England  relates  to   the   years 
1767-8.     At    that    date    there    existed    in 
St.  Martin's  Lane,  London,  an  establishment 
known  as  Old  Slaughter's  Coffee-house,  which 
was  much  frequented  by  foreigners.     Here, 
in  particular,   the  painter   Zucchi   and   the 
architect  Bonomi   used   to   foregather,   and 
here  they  met  Marat,  who  lodged  near  by 
in    St.    Martin's    Lane    and    called    himself 
"  Doctor,"    his    object    being,    they    under- 
stood, to  improve  himself  by  consulting  the 
practice   in    different    countries.     From   his 
classical  reading,  it  appears,  Marat  occasion- 
|  ally    suggested    mythological    subjects    for 
i  Zucchi's   brush,   while   Bonomi    on   two   or 
three    occasions    is    said    to    have    derived 
benefit  from  his  medical  knowledge  (Faring- 
ton's  '  Diary,'  Dec.  6,  1793).     Marat,  how- 
!  ever,  was  intrigued  by  politics  no  less  than 
i  medicine,  being  a  follower  of  John  Wilkes, 
!  the  revolutionary  (ibid.);    but  although,  in 
I  an    issue    of    his    paper   V  Ami   du    Peuple 
\  dated  Oct.  22,  1790,  he  relates  having  been 
I  present  at  Wilkes' s  trial  in  London  in  1768, 
yet,   as  we   shall  see,   disciple   and   master 
seem    never    actually    to    have    met.     In 


12  s.x.  MAT  20, 1922.]         NOTES   AND   QUERIES. 


383 


1769  he  was  still  in  London,  for  he  tells  us 
that  certain  patients,  after  unsuccessful 
treatment  abroad,  had  been  cured  by  him 
of  venereal  ailments,  one  in  particular  being 
under  his  care  for  three  months  at  the  end 
of  that  year  ('  Essay  on  Gleets,'  pp.  9-20). 

The  next  record  of  his  movements  is 
supplied  by  Dr.  Henry  Lonsdale,  M.D.,  of 
Carlisle,  who  writes  that : — • 

Jean  Paul  Marat  studied  physic  in  Edinburgh 
and  probably  graduated  there  as  M.D.  He 
practised  human  and  veterinary  medicine  in 
Newcastle-on-Tyne  about  the  years  1770  to  1773. 
His  knowledge  of  horse-flesh  gave  him  an  entree 
to  the  higher  circles,  while  his  politics  pleased  the 
ear  of  the  populace  ;  and  it  has  been  generally 
believed  that  his  philanthropic  services  during 
the  prevalence  of  an  epidemic  gained  him  the 
honorary  freedom  of  the  town.  It  was  difficult 
for  me  to  conceive  the  sallow  man  with  pock- 
pitted  countenance,  black  flat  hair,  blood-shotten, 
blinking  eyes,  and  spasmodically  twitching  mouth 
— the  incarnation  of  the  repulsive — so  highly 
regarded  ;  and  this  difficulty  was  increased  by 
another  statement,  admitted  to  be  valid,  that 
Mr.  Croker  of  The  Quarterly,  on  a  visit  to  Paris  in 
1847,  called  on  a  sister  of  Marat,  who  felt  the 
compliment  as  part  of  the  respect  shown  by  the 
English  to  her  brother,  and  then  showed  what 
purported  to  be  the  diploma  of  the  freedom  of 
the  town  of  Newcastle.  Mr.  Croker  probably 
took  her  statement  for  granted,  and  did  not 
examine  the  document.  Thinking  it  well  that 
this  matter  should  be  cleared  up,  I  applied  to 
Mr.  Gail,  the  present  Mayor  of  Newcastle,  who 
kindly  caused  a  full  search  of  all  the  books 
of  the  Corporation,  but  found  no  such  name  as 
Marat's  in  the  list  of  freemen.  Further  inquiries, 
aided  by  my  friends  Mr.  James  Clephan  and 
Mr.  Joseph  Cowen,  proprietor  of  The  Newcastle 


tarried  for  a  time  in  Newcastle,  frequenting  the 
circulating  library  of  Robert  Sands  in  the  Bigg 
Market,  and  leaving  behind  him  the  reputation 
of  a  man  familiar  with  horses  and  their  ailments. 
He  had  studied  medicine  in  Paris  and  plumed 
himself  on  his  veterinary  skill.  There  is  a  legend 
of  his  having  had  a  hand  in  instituting  the  Literary 
and  Philosophical  Society,  and  even  a  tradition 
of  his  presence  at  the  laying  of  the  foundation- 
stone  of  the  Society's  building  at  the  West  Gate  : 
but  as  the  Society  was  only  founded  in  1793, 
and  the  building  not  commenced  until  1822,  the 
tradition  is  incorrect.  There  was,  however, 
established  somewhere  in  the  West  Gate,  in  1775, 
a  Philosophical  Society,  and  it  is  not  improbable 
Marat  may  Jjave  attended  one  or  two  of  the  fort- 
nightly discussions  of  the  club  ( Monthly  Chronicle 
of  North  Country  Lore  and  Legend,  April,  1887). 

Mr.  John  G.  Alger  next  tells  us,  without, 
however,  giving  the  source  of  his  informa- 
tion, that  Marat  taught  French  in  New- 
castle in  1772  ('  Englishmen  in  the  French 
Revolution,'  1889,  p.  189  n.).  More  specific 
evidence  of  his  activities  in  this  country  is, 
however,  supplied  by  the  appearance  in 
London  of  '  An  Essay  on  the  Human  Soul,' 
issued  anonymously  and  in  English  at  the 
end  of  1772,  which  appears  to  be  the  earliest 
of  his  published  works.  He  had,  he  tells 
us,  submitted  the  MS.  to  Lord  Lyttelton 
and  one  or  two  French  professors  holding 
positions  here,  and  in  return  received  from 
them  complimentary  acknowledgments.  In 
1773  this  work,  expanded  from  a  modest- 
sized  tract  to  two  substantial  volumes,  was 
re-issued,  again  anonymously  and  in  English, 
but  under  the  amended  title  of  '  A  Philo- 
sophical Essay  on  Man.'  Many  years  later 


Chronicle,    revealed    the    existence    of    several    hef  deciared   that    "  its   appearance   created 


atriotic  clubs  in  the  north  of  England,  in  part, 
if  not  wholly,  organized  by  Marat,  to  which,  and 
to  several  trade  guilds,  he  sent  his  '  Chains  of 
Slavery  '  in  1774.  .  .  .  Now  the  probability  is 
that  the  document  in  the  possession  of  Marat's 
sister  in  1847  emanated  from  one  of  the  New- 
castle patriotic  clubs — the  parchment  and  big 
seal  and  other  flourishes  misleading  Mr.  Croker 
(•  Worthies  of  Cumberland,'  1873,  pp.  187-8). 

With  regard  to  this  account,  it  should  be 
noticed  that  the  facts  as  to  Marat's  M.D. 
are  not  quite  correctly  given,  as  will  be 


a  sensation  in  scientific  circles,"  and  in 
confirmation  refers  to  The  Westminster 
Magazine  for  1773,  the  May  number  of 
which,  however,  merely  gives  a  short 
account  of  the  book,  with  a  few  lines  of 
entirely  neutral  comment.  The  Gentleman's 
Magazine  for  April  of  the  same  year  also 
briefly  summarizes  its  contents,  but  without 
expressing  any  opinion  thereon.  One  of 
his  biographers,  who  is  wholly  favourable 


seen    below.     Croker's    visit    to    Albertine   to  Jean  Paul,  tells  us  that,  in  fact,  the  book 

was  a  failure,  and  that,  though  it  was  again 


Marat,  also,  could  not  have  occurred  in 
1847,  as  she  died  in  1841.  M.  Pilotelle 
gives  the  date  as  1837,  and  says  he  was 
accompanied  by  his  friend  M.  Moore  ('  Ca- 
banes,'  p.  46).  Croker  is  also  known  to  have 
been  in  Paris  in  1840.  His  visit,  therefore, 
was  probably  paid  on  one  of  these  earlier 
dates.  Some  years  after  the  appearance  of 
Dr.  Lonsdale' s  article,  Mr.  James  Clephan, 
to  whom  he  referred,  writes,  in  a  short  notice 
of  Marat,  that  the  latter  had 


re-issued  in  1775,  this  time  in  French  and 
by  Rey  of  Amsterdam,  Voltaire's  criticism 
had  practically  demolished  it  (De  Witt, 
'  Jeunesse  de  Marat,'  pp.  35-9). 

In  1774  rather  more  is  heard  of  Jean  Paul. 
In  the  collection  of  M.  Benjamin  Fillon 
there  exists  a  document  purporting  to  be 
a  certificate  of  membership  of  the  Grand 
Lodge  of  Freemasons  of  London,  delivered 
i  to  Marat  on  July  15,  1774,  the  day  of  his 


384 


NOTES   AND   QUERIES. 


[12  S.  X.  MAY  20.  1922. 


reception,  endorsed  on  which  is  a  further 
certificate  of  his  affiliation  to  the  Lodge  of 
Bien  Aimee  of  Amsterdam,  dated  Oct.  12, 
1774.  In  reference  to  the  English  portion  j 
of  this  diploma,  Mr.  Morse  Stephens' 
states  that,  upon  inquiry  from  the  secretary 
of  the  Grand  Lodge  in  London,  the  latter 
could  find  no  trace  of  Marat  in  the  official 
records,  though  he  thought  it  not  impossible 
that  a  certificate  might  have  been  granted 
without  his  name  appearing  in  the  register 
(Pall  Mall  Magazine,  September,  1896, 
p.  82).  SIDNEY  L.  PHIPSON. 

(To  be  continued.) 


Sep.   2 


PEYTO    OF     CHESTERTON  :      SEVEN 

TEENTH-CENTURY   ACCOUNTS. 
CHESTERTON  HOUSE  has  been  attributed  tc 
Inigo   Jones  ;     the   enclosed  notes  tend  to 
show  it  was  built  locally,  and  that  the  archi 
tect  was  Mr.    Stone.       Query  whether   any 
relation  to  Nicolas  Stone. 

Extracts  from  an  account  book    of    Lady  Eliza 
beth,  relict  of  Edward  Peyto,  of  Chesterton 
Co.  Warwick,  1658-1668,  containing  the  sums 
received  and  spent  for  her  son  Edward. 
1658 
Pd    for   an   elle    of   Broad    Cloth   for   Ned's 

Coat  0001  08  01 

Pd  for  a  dozen  and  halfe  of  Buttons 
Pd  for  3  yards  and  halfe  of  2d.  Riband 

0000  00  0 

Pd  for  Shoo  strings  and  Cuff  strings     0000  01  00 
Pd  for  a  Paire  of  Shooes   . .  . .      0000  02  06 

Jan.   12       Pd  for  a  Gramer  . .      0000  00  11 

March  30    Pd  for  a  Combe  case  with  a  glasse 

0000  02  00 
June   18      Paid  for  Stirope  Silke  Stockins 

0000  07  00 

Paid     for     White      knit      under 
Stirops  ..          ..      0000-01  06 

Oct.   14       Pd  to  Mr.  Stretford  for  a  Sadie, 
Stirops,  etc.,  Bridle  &  Snafle 

0000  09  00 

Oct.    19       Given  to   Mr.  Stone  for  drawinge 
the  Draught  of  the  head  of  the 
pillars  for  Chesterton       0001  00  00 
Pd  Ned's  Part  of  the  Millitia,  when 
the    horses    were    charged    on 
Chesterton       .  .  .  .      0004  04  00 

Pd   his   part  for  the   Conestables 
Levie    . .  . .  . .      0000  02  04 

'.'"•      Pd  his  part  of  the  Levie  to  the 

poore    . .          . .          . .      0000  13  02 

Nov.   1        Pd  his  part  of  the  Double  Tax  for 

3  moneths       .  .  . .      0000  04  08 

Nov.   7        Pd  for  the  Whole  Duty  of  Man 
3s.  4d.,  Esop's  Fables  and  other 
books    . .  . .  . .      0000  06  08 

Dec.   12       Given  to  the  Prisoners  at  War- 
wick            0000  02  00 

Feb.   1         Pd  for  a  Paire  of  Worsted  Stock- 
ins         0000  03  02 


Sept.    15 


Oct.   23 
Dec.   21 


1661 
April   1 


Pd  to  John  Stone  for  the  2  Capitals 
of  the  Arch  at  the  Stayres  [for 
Chesterton  House  then  build- 
ing]    0002  00  00 

Pd  to  John  Stone  of  the  Bargaine 
he  made  for  the  10  Capitalls  of 
the  Lower  Bow  of  the  Pillars  £6 
and  to  Caius  Gabril  Gibbers  for 
the  same  Worke  £4  ..  0010  00  00 

Pd  for  4  ells  and  halfe  of  Holland 
for  his  halfe  shirts  at  Lon- 
don    000 1  17  06 

Pd  for  making  them    . .      0000  04  00 

Pd  to  Mr.  Bradshaw  Neds  Part  of 
the  Pole  Money  . .  0010  00  00 

Pd  Mr.  Caius  Gabril,  in  part  for  the 
10  Capitalls  of  the  Uper  Bow 
of  Fillers  . .  0003  00  00 


Given  to  Mounsieur  for  teachinge 

Ned  on  the  Gittarre         0002  JO  00 
April   11     Pd  to  Mr.  Caius  Gabril  in  full  for 
the   10  Capitalls  of  the  Upper 
Bow  of  Pillars  £15  and  in  full 
for  the  Staircase  Dore  £6    0021  00  00 
Given   to   Mr.    Attorney    General 
before     the    Coronation    when 
the  question  was  asked  him  con- 
cerning    the     tenor    of     Ned's 

lands 0005  00  00 

June   10      Pd  for  a  paire  of  silke  Stockins 

0000  16  00 
Pd     for     colouring     a     paire    for 

him 0000  01  00 

Pd    to    Monsieur    Robert    for    36 
times  cominge  to  teach  Ned  to 
Singe    . .  . .          . .      0006  00  00 

Dec.  21  Pd  of  the  Present  given  to  the 
Kinge  being  fifty  pounds  from 
my  sonne  and  myselfe  for  his 
Part  which  he  promised  to 

allow 0025  00  00 

Pd  for   20  Ferre  Trees  sent  from 
Twitnam  to  Chesterton 

001  10  00 

Pd  for  the  transportinge  of  them  to 
London  and  to  the  Carriers 

000  03  00 
Pd  for  Basketts  to  put  them  in 

000  03  00 


1662 
July  28 


-   1663 
June   17 


For  Spanish  leather  shoes  for 
him  . .  . .  . .  000  04  00 

Given  Mr  Du  Perier  for  enteringe 
Ned  in  French  . .  000  10  00 

Pd  to  Mr  Gibbs  for  a  Sword  with  a 
Silver  Hilt  and  a  Belt  003  05  00 

Pd  Mr  Isaacke  for  teaching  Ned  to 
Dance 004  05  00 

Pd  to  Mons  :  Janvier  for  teachinge 
him  on  the  Gittarre  002  00  00 

pd  to  the  Masons  for  finishing 
theire  worke  about  the  New 
House  . .  . .  .  .  0012  00  00 

Pd  to  Mr.  Bewley  in  Part  Payment 
for  the  Leade  the  1 9th  of  June, 
1663 0041  00  00 

Pd  for  a  Crossbow  for  him     0001  00  00 


i2*.x.MAv2o,i922.]         NOTES   AND  QUERIES. 


385 


March  1 1   Bemoving  Wainscot  and  bords  to  a  numerous  body  of  insurgents  was  defeated 

the  New  House         . .     0000  12  00   by  a  party  of  about  400  Fencibles  and  Yeo- 

March  24  Mr     Bradshaw     for    Mourneinge          \tZfUit£,    and    to    make    known    this    battle, 

002  15  00  !  about  which  few  have  ever  heard,  the  sub- 
joined   abbreviated   account  is   now   given. 


1664 
April   14 


Nov.   2< 


Paid  for  Jacks  Shoes  and  Colour-  It  was  fought  on  May   26,    1798,   by  three 

inge  a  paire  . .  . .  000  03  06  i  compames  of  the  Reay  Highlanders,*  to- 
PdStudeyGl"ier  f°r.  ^.  ^00^05  ool&to**  with  the  Kells  Yeomanry  Infantry 
Pd  for  an  Indian  Gowne  for  him  at  |  Navan  Cavalry,  &c.,  under  the  command  of 
Braudford  . .  . .  002  04  00  Capt.  Aaron  Blanche,  Adjutant  ot  the  Reays, 

who,  "  in  justice  to  the  officers  and  soldiers 
who  so  gallantly  discharged  their  duty  on 
that  occasion  [essays]  to  give  a  fair  and 
impartial  account  thereof  to  the  public." 


Paid  to  the  Carpenters  and  other 
Workmen  for  Cuttinge  Bailes 
and  Thornes  and  Hedginge 
about  the  New  House  004  11  02 

Pd  by  that  Account  the  Levie  on 
the  Hundred  for  a  Bobery  the 
Whole  on  Chesterton  £6  12  0 


to  this . . 


002  16  00 


Feb.    16      Pd  Mons  :  Bois  for  9  weekes  teach- 


Feb.  24 


inge  Ned  to  Fence     . .        004  10  00 
Pd    by     Nan      Goitilow     to     Mr 
Tempest  for  a  silver  Cupp  and 
Cover,  for  a  present  from  Ned  to 
my  cousin  Peacocke. .          06  00  00 
Pd   Mrs    Mason    from  him  for    3 
weeks  Bent  for  her  House  after 


he  had  the  Small  Pox 


007  10  00 


Pd  her  that  he  gave  her  in  con- 
sideration of  that  disease  in  her 


1665 
May  26 


house    . . 
Janets  Muffe 


010  00  00 
000  08  00 


Pd  to  Bobinson  for  Covering  the 
Graves  of  my  Lady  Peyto 
and  my  Aunt  Elenor  000  02  08 

Pd  for  layinge  downe  the  Pave- 
ment on  my  Lady  Peytoes 


Grave 


000  05  04 


1666 

Charges  for  the  Iron  Gate  at  the  Chancell  at 
Chesterton  £5  1 1  of  which  to  this  account 


002  00  00 


Pd  the  charge  of  my  Uncle  William  Peyto's 
Burial!        . .          . .    •      . .          . .        001  16  06 
1668 

For  five  yeards  of  Phillamort  Coloured  Cloth 
at   12s  per  yeard  . .          . .        003  00  00 

And    for    5  yeards   of    Gold    Coloured  Bays  at 


2s  4d 

<3   yeards 

22s  ., 


000  11   08 

of   fine  Mixt  Spanish  Cloth  at 
006  17  06 

J.  HARVEY  BLOOM. 


THE    BATTLE  OF    TARA. 
(See  P.R.O.,  W.O.  40/11.) 

THE  Hill  of  Tara,  in  the  parish  of  thai 
name,  in  Co.  Meath,  3£  miles  north  by  wesl 
from  Dunshaughlin,  was  anci'ently  a  chie: 
seat  of  the  Irish  monarchs,  where  they  held 
their  assemblies  down  to  the  end  of  the  sixth 
century.  This  hill  was  also  selected  by  St. 
Patrick  as  a  convenient  spot  from  which  to  | 


On  the  2  2nd  of  May  five  Companies  of  the  Beays 
received  a  route  to  march  on  the  23rd  from  Cavan 
to  Dublin,  t  and  on  their  arrival  at  Dunshaughlin 
the  26th,  found  that  part  of  the  Country  infested 
by  a  very  large  body  of  rebels  who  had  committed 
great  depredations  in  that  Town  and  neighbour- 
Lood  two  days  [previously]  and  had  taken  on  the 
24th  between  Dunshaughlin  and  Dublin  two  Com- 
janies'  Baggage  with  four  boxes  of  ammunition 
ontaining   upwards  of  9,000  ball  cartridges,  also 
J3  setts  of  Arms,  and  the  same  complement  of 
accoutrements    and   magazines    complete   in  am- 
munition, after  having  killed  three  of  the  escort, 
and  taking  the  remainder  prisoners  (10  in  number) 
which  belonged  to  a  detachment  of  the  Beays) 
;hat  marched  from  Kells  the  preceding  day  for 
Dublin,  and  notwithstanding  every  exertion  made 
jy  the  Officer  who  commanded  the  two  companies, 
and  a  troop  of  the  5th  Dragoons  who  had  joined 
:hem  near   Dunboyne   (from   Dublin),  the  rebels 
were  victorious  ;     the   Infantry   .     .     .     were  so 
much  pressed  by  superior  force,  that  they  were 
obliged  to  abandon  their  packs. 

In  the  afternoon  of  the  26th  May  Captain 
Scobie  (now  Major)  detached  three  companies  of 
the  Beays  with  one  six-pounder  under  the  com- 
mand of  Captain  Hector  McLean,  a  small  distance 
from  Dunshaughlin,  in  order  to  annoy  the  Bebels, 
who  were  in  considerable  force  contiguous  to  that 
town,  where  the  Kells  Infantry,  the  Navan  Cav- 
alry, &c.,  joined  them,  amounting  in  the  whole  to 
about  300  horse  and  foot,  prior  to  my  arrival  from 
Dublin,  after  providing  quarters  for  the  Beay 
Begiment,  upon  which  I  took  command  of  the 
detached  troops,  and  having  ordered  refreshment 
to  the  men,  immediately  marched  in  search  of 
the  Enemy. 

On  the  road  leading  to  Tara,  near  Lord  Fingal's 
demesne,  the  rebels  by  way  of  Contempt  left  their 
Compliments  to  the  King's  Troops,  and  requested 
they  would  give  them  battle,  assuring  them  they 
might  depend  on  a  warm  reception. 

The  invitation  was  accepted  with  joy  and  emula- 
tion by  the  Loyal  party;  accordingly  we  pushed 
on  as  quick  as  possible;  when  we  arrived  in  View 
of  the  Enemy,  I  perceived  them  to  be  in  great 


algo  occupied  a  strong  position>  being 
posted  on  very  commanding  ground,  and  having 


*  A  Fencible  Scotch  Begiment  :    raised    Octo- 
promulgate    the    doctrine    of    Christianity.  ;ber,  1794. 
Here,  too,  during  the  disturbances  of  1798,  !      t  About  60  miles. 


386 


NOTES   AND  QUERIES.        [12  s.  x.  MAY  20, 1022. 


the  Churchyard  on  their  left  surrounded  by  a 
wall,  which  commanded  the  Dublin  road,  and  in 
their  front  one  deep  ditch  and  two  high  banks, 
which  made  it  impossible  to  form  line  in  their 
front,  without  .  .  .  exposing  the  Troops  to 
little  or  no  advantage  .  .  .  [as  they]  could 
have  been  easily  surrounded  by  the  enemy  . 
in  consequence  of  which  I  determined  at  once  to 
attack  them  obliquely  to  the  left,  and  on  arriving 
at  a  proper  distance  for  the  six-pounder  to  do 
execution,  I  directed  one  half  of  the  Yeomanry 
horse  to  charge  through  the  village  .  .  .to 
take  post  off  the  left  of  the  enemy,  while  the  other 
half  proceeded  down  a  bye  road  which  brought 
them  near  the  right  flank  of  the  rebels,  both  di- 
visions were  pointedly  directed  to  threaten  the 
rear  of  the  enemy  .  .  .  and  when  the  rebels 
gave  way  to  charge  them  with  Vigour,  the  first 
shot  from  the  six-pounder  was  a  signal  for  the 
horse  to  occupy  their  posts. 

After  firing  several  rounds  from  the  six-pounder 
with  good  effect,  the  Infantry  proceeded  towards 
the  Churchyard  gate  so  as  to  fall  on  the  left  flank 
of  the  rebells.  .  .  .  On  approaching  [the 
same],  we  met  with  the  most  daring  and  obstinate 
resistance,  which  continued  some  time  .  .  . 
and  finding  the  men's  ammunition  almost  ex- 
pended ...  [it  was]  absolutely  necessar>  to 
make  one  decisive  effort  by  charging  the  rebels, 
which  was  gallantly  executed  by  the  Grenadiers, 
animated  by  Lieut.  Rupert  Mackay's  spirited 
conduct,  and  ably  supported  by  Capt.  McLean, 
Lieuts  Win.  Baillie  and  James  Scobie,  with  the 
rest  of  the  Infantry  which  .  .  .  dislodged  them 
from  their  principal  position. 

When  this  was  accomplished,  I  naturally  con- 
cluded that  the  fate  of  the  day  was  determined, 
but,  while  in  pursuit  of  the  rebels  in  this  quarter 
.  .  .  Sergeant-Major  John  Cochrane  of  the 
Beays  [reported]  the  enemy  were  approaching 
our  left  in  great  crowds  by  the  very  same  route 
on  which  the  King's  Troops  had  commenced  their 
Operations,  and  that  the  six-pounder  was  in  great 
danger  of  being  taken.  ...  I  directed  that 
active  and  spirited  non-commissioned  officer 
.  .  .  to  take  a  division  of  the  Light  Company, 
&c.,  to  check  their  progress,  untill  I  collected  a 
sufficient  force  to  route  them.  .  ...  The  Con- 
flict at  this  time  was  of  short  duration,  but  weighty 
and  of  the  most  striking  consequence,  the  Cannon 
in  particular,  in  the  judicious  and  manly  conduct 
of  Lieut.  Hunter  (who  had  the  charging  of  it)  did 
great  execution  .  .  .  the  rebels  being  so  very 
numerous  and  having  no  impediment  .  .  . 
from  doing  them  justice  in  returning  their  cordial 
invitation  and  thus  crowned  our. Operations  with 
a  complete  Victory. 

Captain  Molloy  of  the  Kells  Infantry  gave 
every  assistance  with  his  Company.  .  .  .  The 
Action  commenced  about  half-past  6  o'clock  p.m. 
and  continued  without  intermission  untill  dusk ; 
the  extreme  fatigue  of  the  soldiers  made  it  im- 
possible to  pursue  the  Victory.  .  .  . 

The  unforeseen  Occurrence  which  befel  us  after 
the  Enemy  were  dislodged  from  their  principal 
position,  was  in  consequence  of  the  Yeomea 
Horse  giving  way,  that  were  posted  near  the 
right  flank  of  the  rebels,  under  the  command  of 
Lieut.  Barnwell.  ...  It  is  possible,  indeed, 
they  might  have  been  much  pressed  by  the  enemy 
prior  to  that  taking  place. 


Lord  Fingal,  Captains  Preston  and  Barns,  who 
so  gallantly  charged  through  the  Village  at  the 
commencement  of  the  Action,  kept  the  rebels  in 
check  in  that  quarter. 

After  their  success  Captain  Blanche  de- 
cided not  to  re-occupy  the  hill,  but  to  pro- 
ceed to  Dunshaughlin  on  account  of  the. 
ammunition  being  expended  and  the  danger 
of  the  enemy  attacking  the  two  companies 
left  to  protect  that  town  and  neighbourhood. 

They  also  had  charge  of  five  companies' 
baggage,  one  six -pounder  complete  in  am- 
munition, 10  boxes  of  ball  cartridges  and 
about  80  stand  of  spare  arms  and  appoint- 
ments. 

The  Enemy  were  at  least  8,000  strong,  well 
equipt  with  ammunition  .  .  .  almost  every 
individual  was  furnished  with  some  destructive 
weapon  .  .  .  [and]  had  from  4  to  500  stand 
of  arms  ;  the  prisoners  they  had  belonging  to  the 
Beays  were  kept  in  front  and  compelled  to  fire  on 
the  King's  Troops  ;  two  of  these  were  killed  in 
action. 

Those  retaken  stated  the  enemy  was 
11,000  strong  prior  to  the  battle  as  reported 
to  their  commanders.  The  rebels  had  350 
killed  (including  their  Commandant),  be- 
sides wounded,  and  numbers  drowned  in  a 
river  near-  in  effecting  their  escape.  But 
by  private  letters  received  later  in  Dublin 
the  rebels  were  said  to  have  had  502  killed  ; 
the  Reays,  one  Drummer  and  eight  rank 
and  file  killed,  and  Lieut.  Wm.  Baillie,  four 
Sergeants  and  21  rank  and  file  wounded, 
three  mortally.  The  Kells  Infantry  had  one 
killed  and  five  wounded. 

.  .  .  The  enemy  was  believed  to  have  been 
almost  the  first  body  that  appeared  in  Arms,  and 
proclaimed  the  Bebellion  in  the  field.  Prior  to 
this  they  had  pillaged  the  country  between  Dublin 
and  Tara,  and  eluded,  on  May  25th,  the  strong 
garrison  force  sent  against  them  from  the  Capital, 
consisting  of  a  large  proportion  of  Cavalry  and 
12  pieces  of  Artillery.  .  .  . 

By  this  important  Victory  the  communication 
with  the  North  was  opened  and  the  County  of 
Meath  ...  .  preserved  from  .  .  .  desolation, 
and  good  Order  in  a  great  measure  restored  and 
established.  So  great  a  terror  was  struck  to  the 
very  heart  of  the  rebels,  that  they  never  embodied 
again  in  that  part  of  the  Country.  .  .  . 

It  is  obvious  that  the  Insurgents  had  no  less 
in  view  than  the  destruction  of  the  Capital,  the 
overthrow  of  the  Government  and  our  glorious 
Constitution. 

Captain  Blanche  speaks  highly  of  the 
services  rendered  by  Lord  Fingal,  Captains 
|  Preston  and  Barns  f  Capt.  McLean  and  Lieu- 
tenants G.  Hunter,  Rupert  Mackay,  James 
Scobie  and  Wm.  Baillie  of  the  Reays  ; 
Captain  Molloy  and  Lieuts.  Keaton  and 
Weviner  of  the  Kells  Infantry. 

Mri    Pompleton    of    the    Lawyers'  Corps 


12  S.  X.  MAY  20,  1922.] 


NOTES   AND   QUERIES. 


387 


rendered  Capt.  Scobie  much  assistance  from 
his  knowledge  of  the  inhabitants  of  Dun- 
shaughlin. 

The  narrative  is  signed  "  A.  Blanche, 
Captain,  Reay  Highlanders,"  and  bears  the 
following  P.S.  : — 

P.S.  Captain  Scobie  applied  to  me  for  a  state- 
ment of  this  action  immediately  on  my  arrival 
in  Dunshaughlin,  but  being  worn  down  with 
fatigue,  prevented  my  complying  with  his  request. 

The  endorsement  is 

Rt.  Honble.  Secretary  at  War, 
War  Office,  London. 

E.  H.  FAIRBROTHER. 


BENSON   AND    SMITH    FAMILIES. 

IN  my  previous  article  on  the  Rev.  Joseph 
Benson,  the  Wesleyan  preacher  (12  S.  ix.  327), 
I  mentioned  that  his  wife,  Sarah,  had  an  elder 
sister,  Ann,  born  at  Knottingley,  Nov.  15, 
1748.  On  the  death  of  their  father,  Thomas 
Thompson,  the  two  girls  came  to  Leeds  with 
their  brother  Richard,  and  attended  with 
their  mother  (who  had  married  again — 
Satchwell  Dawson,  gent.)  the  Wesleyan 
Chapel  in  that  place.  The  eldest  child, 
Ann,  married,  at  the  Parish  Church  by 
licence,  Dec.  4,  1769,  Benjamin  Smith  of 
Call  Lane,  Leeds,  raff  merchant  (a  son  of 
Wm.  Smith,  of  Potter  Newton,  cabinet- 
maker, whose  will  was  proved  1774),  and  had 
issue  : — 

1.  Eleanor,  born  June  11,  1773  ;  d.y. 

2.  Benjamin,    born   Sept.    21,    1775.     He 
was  one  of  the  Leeds  Gentlemen  Volunteers 
and  was  buried  at  St.  John's  Church,  Jan.  31, 
1795. 

3.  Thomas     Thompson,     born     1777,     of 
Little  Brunswick  Street,  Leeds,  merchant ; 
married,  first,   1801,  Ann,  dau.  of  Richard 
Clark,    jeweller,    of   York ;  she   died    1820 ; 
secondly,    Hannah     Gooden ;     and     ob.s.p. 
Aug.  11,  1845. 

4.  Jonathan,   born  Dec.    19,    1779  ;  bapt. 
Jan.   20,    1780,  at  the  Parish  Church.     He 
was   a  merchant   of   Albion   Street,   Leeds, 
and  died  Sept.  11,  1821.     He  married,  first, 
at  Birkin,  Nov.  23,  1801,  Anne,  dau.  of  Rev. 
George    Alderson,   rector   of    Birkin.       She 
died  Feb.  17,  1808  ;  buried  in  Birkin  church- 
yard ;  leaving  issue  (besides  two  who  died  in 
infancy)  : — 

a.  Rev.  Benjamin  Smith,  born  1802 ; 
B.A.  St.  John's  College,  Camb.  ;  curate 
under  his  grandfather  at  Birkin  ;  master  of 
the  Drax  Grammar  School,  Yorks.  He 
died  June  1,  1842,  leaving  three  daughters. 


Jonathan  Smith  married,  secondly,  July  22, 
1812,  at  Pontefract,  Frances,  dau.  of  Richard 
Horncastle,  and  by  her  had  further  issue :- — 

b.  Edward     Horncastle,    born    at    Leeds, 
July    28,    1813,    surgeon,    of    Dean    Street, 
Soho,     afterwards     of     Langharne,     South 
Wales  ;  buried    in    the    churchyard    there 
Aug.  29,  1842.     He  married,  May  14,  1839, 
at  Holy  Trinity,  Brompton,  Adelaide,  dau. 
of  George  R.  Baillie  of  Sloane  Street,  Chelsea, 
Deputy     Inspector-General     of     Hospitals, 
and  had  issue  : — 

i.  Edward  Archdale  Culling  Stanley,  born 
at  Builth,  Wales,  April  18,  1840 ;  died 
Aug.  18,  1912,  leaving  issue. 

c.  Ann,    born   at   Leeds,    1816.      Married 
Henry  Downing,  M.R.C.S.,  of  Castle  Eden, 
Co.  Durham.     He  died  July  26,  1852. 

5.  James,    born   about   1781  ;  in  the  tea 
trade  at  Leeds,  and  ob.s.p.  1837. 

6.  Joseph,  born  March  4,  1782,  merchant 
at  Leeds.     He  married,  1805,  Mary,  dau.  of 
Thomas  Glover,  and  had  issue  : — 

a.  Thomas,    of    Jersey,    Esq.,   A.D.C.    to 
the     Governor     of    Jersey.       He    left    two 
sons : — 

i.  Thomas  Hardwick,  born  Nov.  29, 
1829  ;  Lieut. -Colonel,  2nd  West  India  Regi- 
ment. 

ii.  Arthur,  ob.s.p. 

b.  Mary,   born    1810 ;    married,   in    1830, 
James  Lees,  J.P.,  of  Delph  Lodge,  Saddle- 
worth.     She  died  in  1871  ;  buried  at  Delph 
Church  ;  leaving  one  daughter  : — 

i.  Mary  Adelaide,  born  1831  ;  married, 
1859,  James  Wood  Baker,  of  Bury,  Lanes. 
He  died  in  1895,  and  Mrs.  Baker  died  at 
Delph  Lodge  in  1917,  leaving  issue. 

c.  Fanny,    died    unmarried   at   Leeds   in 
1877. 

7.  Mary  Ann,  bom  Oct.   29,    1787   (only 
dau.    of    Benjamin    Smith).     She    married, 
1807,  John  Hines,  of  Gledhow,  Leeds,  and 
died  at  Hastings,  1834,  leaving  issue. 

The  will  of  Benjamin  Smith  of  Leeds, 
raff  merchant,  dated  Jan.  10,  1810,  men- 
tions : — 

My  wife  £100  within  one  month  and  what  fur- 
niture she  shall  choose,  and  an  annuity  of  £300 
per  annum.  I  give  all  my  real  and  personal 
estate  to  my  children,  James,  Thos.  Thompson, 
Jonathan,  Joseph  and  Mary  Ann,  &c.  (Probate 
Dec,  4,  1810,  to  Ann  Smith,  widow,  his  relict.) 

The  will  of  Ann  Smith,  widow,  of  Leeds, 
Jan,  11,  1814: — 

To  my  son,  Thomas  Thompson  Smith,  the 
explanation  of  New  Testament.  To  son  Jonathan 
Smith  my  large  gold  ring  marked  D.J.  To 
dau.  Mary  Ann  Hines  the  picture  of  my  late 
husband  and  two  rings.  To  my  grandson,  Benjn. 


388 


NOTES   AND  QUERIES.        [12 S.X.MAY 20, 1922. 


Hines,  my  gold  watch  when  15.  I  give  all  my 
messuages,  lands  in  Knottingley  to  John  Marshall 
and  Win.  Greenwood,  upon  trust  to  sell  and 
divide  proceeds  and  pay  same  to  my  sons,  James, 
Thos.  Thompson,  Jonathan,  Joseph,  and  dau. 
Mary  Ann  Hines.  To  my  nieces  Ann  Mather, 
Sarah  Benson,  and  Isabella  Benson  £10  each. 
(Proved  May  1,  1816.) 

In  St.  John's  Church,  Leeds  (on  tomb- 
stones) : — 

Here  lieth  interred  the  Body  of  Benjamin  Smith 
of  this  town,  Timber  Merchant,  who  departed 
this  life  June  11,  1810,  aged  61  years.  Also  the 
Body  of  Ann,  relict  of  the  above  Benjamin  Smith, 
who  departed  this  life  Nov.  12,  1815,  in  the  68th 
year  of  her  age. 

In  Birkin  churchyard  appears  the  follow- 
ing inscription  :— 

Sacred  to  the  Memory  of  Ann,  wife  of  Jonathan 
Smith  of  Leeds,  and  daughter  of  the  Rev.  George 
Alderson,  who  died  17   Feb,  1808,  aged  36  years. 
Also  Wm.  their  son  who  died  11  Dec.  1807  aged 
nine  months.     Also  Ann  their  daughter  who  died 
11  May  1808,  aged  3  years  and  5  months. 
If  thus  debased  the  Body  dies, 
The  Living  Soul  to  Heaven  flies, 
Longing  once  more  to  re-unite, 
Its  kindred  dead  in  realms  of  light. 

Leeds  Intelligencer,  Jan.  6,  1810 : — 

Deaths. — On  Wednesday,  Mrs.  Benson,  wife  of 
Mr.  Joseph  Benson,  a  preacher  in  Methodist  Con- 
nexion, and  sister  to  Mrs.  Benj.  Smith  of  this 
town. 

R.  GORDON-SMITH. 

Eastbourne. 


HUBERT  DE  HIE  AND  FULBERT  OF  DOVER. 
— Some  time  ago,  when  seeking  the  descend- 
ants of  Hubert  de  Rie,  it  was  suggested  to 
me  in  a  competent  quarter  that  it  might  be 
worth  while  to  examine  the  origin  of  Fulbert, 
or  Foubert,  of  Dover,  on  the  chance  that 
this  Domesday  celebrity  might  be  a  "  con- 
tracted "  FitzHubert.  I  hesitated  at  the 
time  under  the  impression  that  Fitz  would 
have  been  pronounced  at  least  as  sibilant 
as  the  modern  French  fils,  but  turning  over 
'  A  Fifteenth  Century  Book  of  Arms,'  re- 
produced in  vol.  iv.  of  The  Ancestor,  I  find 
the  arms  of  FitzHugh  (pp.  230-1)  subscribed 
as  "Fehewe"  and  FitzWarenne  as  "  Fe- 
warreyne."  If  "  Fitz "  in  these  cases 
became  "  Fe  "  there  is  no  doubt  Fehubert 
or  Fehulbert  would,  even  as  early  as 
"  Domesday,"  become  Foubert  and  Fulbert, 
which,  taken  with  other  indications,  makes 
it  not  improbable  that,  as  suggested,  Fulbert 
of  Dover,  Lord  of  Chilham,  was  of  the 
De  Rie  kin,  and  so  opens  out  other  possi 
bilities. 

I  think  this  "  vocal  value"  of  "  Fitz  "  worth 


noting,  though  others  may  not  have  been 
so  ignorant  on  the  point  as  I,  because  it 
affects  other  names  (e.g.,  Few,  Frewen,  from 
FitzHewe  and  FitzWarenne  ?),  besides  that 
of  FitzHulbert  or  Hubert. 

PERCY  HTJLBURD. 
Nonnington,  near  Petworth. 

MAD  PLANS  THAT  HAVE  BEEN  REALIZED. — 
The  following  passage  from  a  letter,  written 
by  Prince  Metternich  to  his  wife  on  Dec.  22, 
1797,  is  not  without  interest,  seeing  that 
ideas  that  he  deemed  crazy  have  at  last- 
been  realized  : — 

All  they  dream  of  in  France  at  this  moment 
is  a  descent  on  England.  The  wildest  projects 
are  formed,  and  it  appears  to  me  that  those  that 
are  the  least  so  are  quite  impossible.  A  certain 
man  named  Tillorier  thinks  of  going  over  in  a 
balloon  ;  another,  named  Gamier,  proposes  elastic 
skates ;  a  third  pretends  to  have  invented  a 
species  of  boat  to  pass  under  the  water  without 
being  seen ;  and  the  fourth,  the  most  foolish  of  all, 
would  have  guns  made  to  carry  fifty  miles  which 
shall  destroy  England  from  French  batteries. 
You  may  think  these  are  the  plans  of  some  mad- 
men— not  at  all ;  they  are  the  project-makers 
of  the  day.  They  say  that  Bonaparte  received 
in  one  day  two  thousand  projects,  plans  and  letters 
directly  he.  arrived  in  Paris. 

T.  PERCY  ARMSTRONG. 
The  Authors'  Club,  Whitehall,  S.W. 

THE  HACKNEY  MERMAID  AND  THE  OLD 
FREEMASONS. — There  are  passages  in  the 
quaint  minutes  of  the  proceedings  of  the 
earliest  affiliated  Lodges  of  "  the  Most 
Antient  and  most  Honourable  Fraternity 
of  Free  and  Accepted  Masons"  which 
throw  light  upon  the  status  of  the 
Hackney  Mermaid  in  the  Order  and  show 
the  changes  which  time  has  wrought  in  the 
practice  of  the  Brethren.  The  Mermaid — • 
occupying,  wTith  its  annexes,  a  considerable 
area,  for  deployment,  sports,  &c.,  in  Hackney 
Church  Street — had  risen  to  prominence,  as 
is  seen  from  local  plans  and  maps,  before  1780, 
and,  from  the  first,  was  a  festival  rendezvous 
of  Freemasons  of  Middlesex  even  from  the 
days  of  Wilkes  and  Lord  George  Gordon,  and 
it  continued  conspicuous  and  convenient  for 
the  demonstrations  of  ' '  advanced  "  politicians 
and  others  until  well  into  the  nineteenth 
century  j  when  Hackney  had  become  an  im- 
portant Whig-Radical  centre  and  a  favourite 
place  of  residence  of  the  leaders  of  dissent. 
It  is  necessary  to  recall  that  it  was  John, 
fourth  Duke  of  Atholl,  as  the  head  of  the 
"  Antients  "  (with  his  colleagues  of  Grand 
Lodge),  who,  on  May  6, 1799,  deemed  it  essen- 
tial, in  view  of  happenings,  to  "  inhibit  and 


i2S.x.MAY2o,i922.]         NOTES   AND  QUERIES. 


3S9 


totally  prevent  all  public  Masonic  processions 
and  all  private  meetings  of  Masons  under  any 
pretence  whatever,  except  on  the  stated  Lodge 
meetings."  This,  among  other  things,  was 
directed  against  the  pomp  and  circum- 
stance customary  on  June  24  and  December 
27,  marked  in  many  of  the  Masonic  calendars 
as  red-letter  days.  The  mandate  was  evi- 
dently not  popular,  especially  among  the 
Masonic  Lodges  in  and  around  London  port, 
and  resolutions  were  sent  up  to  Grand  Lodge 
from  time  to  time  asking  "  that  the  Craft  be 
restored  to  their  antient  privileges  as 
granted  to  them  in  the  year  926  by  Prince 
Edwin  of  York."  The  Duke  of  Atholl,  how- 
ever, was  non-sympathetic,  and  it  was  not 
until  March  2,  1808,  that  it  was  decided  to 
rescind  the  resolution  of  May  6,  1799,  and  to 
have  a  grand  procession  on  the  next  St.  John's 
Day.  At  which,  we  are  to  know,  "  there 
was  great  rejoicing."  And,  for  a  time,  until 
the  great  union  of  the  fractions  of  the  brother- 
hood in  1813,  on  St.  John's  Day  in  harvest  and 
St.  John's  Day  in  winter  many  of  the  import- 
ant assemblies  of  the  brothers  were  continued 
both  in  Lodge  and  in  public.  That  some  of 
these  functions  proved  a  great  strain  upon 
the  resources  of  the  humbler  Lodges  of  the 
"antient  "  craft  is  seen  in  the  entry  of  the 
Kent  Lodge  regarding  the  emergency  meet- 
ing of  initiates  on  June  21,  1796,  prior  to  the 
grand  feast  and  the  election  of  officers. 

It  was  unanimously  agreed  the  Secretary  should 
have  a  ticket  agreeable  to  ancient  custom,  in  order 
to  dine  with  the  Grand  Officers  and  Brethren  on 
St.  John's  Day  at  The  Mermaid,  at  Hackney.  Or- 
dered that  such  Brethren  as  Chuse  to  walk  in  Pro- 
cession on  St.  John's  Day,  shall  meet  at  the  Hour  of 
ten  in  the  morning,  at  the  Hoxton  Square  Coffee 
House,  to  proceed  from  thence  to  Shoreditch 
Church. 

X.B.  The  reason  why  the  Brethren  do  not  think 
proper  to  Dine  with  the  Grand  Officers  is  in  con- 
sequence of  the  exorbitant  price  of  tickets,  they 
being  8s.  6d.  each. 

Then  again,  on  December  1,  1800,  it  was 
"  agreed  there  should  not  be  a  feast  on  St. 
John's  Day  in  consequence  of  the  very  exor- 
bitant price  of  provisions."  Things  were  a 
little  more  cheerful  on  May  15,  1809,  when 
Kent  Lodge  resolved  to  "  provide  a  flag  at  a 
cost  of  £15  19s.  3d.,  against  the  celebration 
of  St.  John  at  midsummer,"  and,  a  month 
later,  it  was  resolved  "  that  the  brothers  who 
think  proper  proceed  in  procession  from  this 
Lodge  [in  SpitalfieldsJ "  and  join  the  other 
Lodges  in  this  quarter.  Then,  on  July  16, 
1810,  it  was  resolved  "  that  10s.  6d.  be  paid 
by  this  Lodge  towards  defraying  the  expense 
of  the  Music  and  Ball,  on  last  St.  John's 


Day,"  and  this  does  not  suggest  that  the 
"  music  "  could  have  been  anything  more 
majestic  than  a  fife  and  drum.  The  necessity 
for  the  strictest  economy  was  less  intense 
when  on  July  19,  1825,  the  brethren  of  lowly 
"  Kent "  met  to  celebrate  the  anniversary  of 
George  IV.,  when  four  musicians  attended 
at  a  cost  of  £13.  Me. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries 
in  order  that  answers  may  be  sent  to  them  direct. 


SALAD. — I  have  searched  the  indexes  of 
'  N.  &  Q.,'  but  in  vain,  for  a  certain  saying 
about  the  dressing  of  salad.  Such  notices 
as  I  have  found  deal  chiefly  with  the  cele- 
brated poetical  recipe,  and  the  conflicting 
claims  to  its  authorship  of  Sydney  Smith 
and  Barham,  judgment  being  given  in  favour 
of  the  former.  What  I  want  is  a  reference 
to  the  earliest  English  source  of  the  saying 
that  to  make  a  perfect  salad  you  want  a 
miser  for  the  vinegar  and  a  madman  (or  a 
spendthrift)  for  the  oil.  Spain  supplies 
something  like  it,  as  the  following  quotation 
shows  : — 

El  hombre  que  hubiere  de  hacer  una  buena 
ensalada  ha  de  ser  justo,  liberal  y  miserable  :  justo 
en  el  vinagre,  liberal  en  el  aceite,  y  miserable  en 
la  sal  ('  Vida  y  Hechos  de  Estebaiiillo  Gonzalez,' 
cap.  x.,  Amberes,  1646). 

I  feel  certain,  however,  that  I  have  met  the 
saying  in  some  such  form  as  given  above  in 
our  own  literature. 

HERBERT  W.  GREENE. 
4,  Stone  Buildings,  Lincoln's  Inn,  W.C.2. 

PHILLIPPS  MSS.  :  DEVAUX  LETTERS.— 
Among  the  Phillipps  MSS.  sold  at  Sotheby's 
in  April,  1903,  there  was  a  series  of  letters 
addressed  to  Mme.  de  Guaffigny  by  M. 
Devaux,  "  receveur  des  finances  "  at  Lune- 
ville  (1758-1773).  The  marked  catalogue  of 
the  sale  in  the  British  Museum  does  not 
particularize  them.  Is  anything  known  of 
the  destination  of  these  letters  ?  Who  was 
their  piirchaser  ?  HORACE  BLEACKLEY. 

HERALDIC  :  IDENTIFICATION  OF  ARMS 
WANTED. — I  am  anxious  to  identify  the 
family  to  which  the  following  arms  apper- 
tain, viz.,  On  a  chevron  between  three 
falcons  (or  ravens)  as  many  leopards'  faces  ; 
impaling  A  lion  rampant  between  three 
dexter  hands  couped.  I  am  unable  to  give 
the  tinctures. 

CHRISTOPHER  W.  BAYNES. 


390 


NOTES   AND  QUERIES. 


[12S.  X.MAY  20,  1922. 


JEARY. — My  mother  was  a  Miss  Emma 
Lucy  Jeary,  daughter  of  John  Burroughs 
Jeary,  who  in  turn  was  the  son  of  Jeremiah 
Jeary,  all  of  Castle  Acre,  Swaffham,  Norfolk. 
It  is  an  unusual  name,  although  fairly 
frequent  in  the  county.  There  is,  or  was 
until  recently,  a  very  old  firm  of  printers  in 
Norwich  of  the  same  name,  and  a  Major 
Jary — -I  presume  a  variation  of  the  name — 
was  a  few  years  ago  High  Sheriff  for  the 
county.  I  again  ran  across  the  name 
recently,  in  the  City,  in  connexion  with 
a  large  limited  company.  I  shall  be  much 
obliged  if  one  of  your  Norfolk  readers  could 
throw  some  light  upon  the  origin  of  the 
name.  Is  there  any  connexion  between  it 
and  that  of  Geary  ?  C.  GROTH. 

Jesus^College,  Cambridge. 

Sm  SAMUEL  MORLAND  :  TABLET  ON 
PUMP  AT  HAMMERSMITH. — In  1684  Sir 
Samuel  Morland  constructed  a  pump  outside 
his  house  at  Hammersmith,  a  tablet  on  the 
wall  recording  the  act  in  the  following 
words  : — 

Sir  Samuel  Morland's  well,  the  use  of  which  he 
freely  gives  to  all  persons,  hoping  that  none  who 
shall  come  after  him  will  adventure  to  incur  God's 
displeasure  by  denying  a  cup  of  cold  water  (pro- 
vided at  another's  cost  and  not  of  their  own)  to 
either  neighbour,  stranger,  passenger,  or  poor 
thirsty  beggar.  July  8th,  1685. 

Sir  Samuel  Morland's  house  and  garden 
were  on  the  eastern  side  of  the  creek  where 
Stamford  Brook  entered  the  River  Thames 
at  Hammersmith.  In  1 8 1 3  Faulkner  records 
that  "  the  pump  has  been  removed  but  the 
stone  tablet  is  preserved  in  the  garden  of 
the  house."  Can  any  reader  tell  jne  where 
the  stone  tablet  now  is  ?  I  cannot  believe 
it  has  been  destroyed.  WILLIAM  BULL. 

ALLINGHAM  FAMILY. — Hugh  Allingham  of 
Ballyshannon,  Co.  Donegal,  named  in  a 
charter  of  March  23,  1613,  and  also  men- 
tioned in  1621  in  connexion  with  the  inquisi- 
tion into  the  disposal  of  lands  escheated 
from  O'Donnell,  was  apparently  the  first  of 
the  family  in  Ireland.  I  should  be  glad  of 
information  regarding  his  ancestry. 

LAURANCE  M.  WULCKO. 

142,  Kinfauns  Road,  Goodmayes,  Essex. 

WILLIAM  SWAN. — In  a  note  on  p.  175  of 
vol.  xxxvii.  (April,  1922),  of  The  English 
Historical  Review,  Mr.  W.  T.  Waugh  draws 
attention  to 

the  letter-book  of  William  Swan,  an  abbre viator 
of  papal  letters  at  the  curia,  who  was  often 
employed  as  agent  by  eminent  Englishmen — 


notably   Archbishop    Kemp — in   the   early   years 
of  the  reign  of  Henry  VI. 

and  says,   "The  book  is  preserved  in  MS. 
Cott.,  Cleop.,  c.  iv.,  fos.  124-229  v<>." 

Is  there  anything  to  connect  this  William 
Swan  with  the  Winchester  scholar  of  1406  ? 
The  entry  in  Kirby's  '  Winchester  Scholars,' 
at  p.  34,  is :  "  Swan,  William,  Hull, 
Sch.  N.C.,  LL.B.,  Fell.  1416-24;  Beneficed." 
JOHN  B.  WAINE  WRIGHT. 

BURIAL  OF  LORD  ZOUCHE,  1625. — The 
'  D.N.B.'  states  that  Lord  Zouche  died  in 
1625,  and  that  he  was  buried  in  Hackney 
Church.  Lord  Zouche  owned  the  Bramshill 
Estate,  in  the  parish  of  Eversley,  Hants. 
The  Eversley  Parish  Register  distinctly 
records  the  burial  of  Lord  Zouche  at 
Eversley  in  August,  1625. 

Can  any  reader  explain  why  the  '  D.N.B.' 
makes'  the  above  (erroneous)  statement  ? 
Does  the  article  refer  to  another  Lord 
Zouche  ?  J.  HAUTENVILLE  COPE. 

Pinchampstead  Place,  Berks. 

BREDON  HILL. — Could  any  reader  tell  me 
of  any  poems  relating  to  Bredon  Hill  or  its 
neighbourhood  ?  B.  B.  N. 

NINETEENTH  -  CENTURY  WRITERS  ON 
SPORT. — -What  were  the  real  names  of  the 
following  writers,  all  on  sporting  topics  ? — 
Impecuniosus  ;  Quis  (author  of  '  Shelton 
Gorse,'  a  poem,  1839)  ;  Senex  (author  of 
'  Observations  on  Horses,'  1851)  ;  Sexa- 
genarian (author  of  '  The  Vine  Hunt')  ; 
Stringhalt  (author  of  '  Runs  with  the  Lanark 
Hounds');  Woodman  (author  of  'A  Few 
Lines  on  the  Hunter,'  1872)  ;  Wildrath. 

BURDOCK. 

AUSTRIAN  HUNTING-HORN. — I  purchased 
recently  at  a  sale  an  old  Austrian  hunting- 
horn  with  the  inscription :  "  Franz 
Mazogato,  Waldhorn  und  Trompeten  Macher, 
in  Neulerchenfeld  vor  Wienn."  Perhaps 
some  reader  could  inform  me  as  to  the  ap- 
proximate date  of  this  maker. 

F.  A.  HAWLEY. 

WILLIAM  READER. — Was  William  Reader 
the  author  of  the  poem  on  Shakespeare 
commencing 

Sublime,  ethereal,  pure,  divine, 
Effulgent  as  the  stars  that  shine, 

also   the  author  of   '  The  Ruins   of   Kenil- 
worth,'  published  in  1856  ?  F.  H. 


12  s.x.  MAY  20, 1922.]        NOTES   AND  QUERIES. 


391 


J.  D.  HERBERT. — Wanted,  dates  of  birth 
and  death,  and  also  the  Christian  names,  of 
J.  D.  Herbert,  author  of  '  Irish  Vagaries,' 
published  in  1836.  There  is  a  brief  reference 
to  him  in  James  Sheridan  Knowles's  Life 
(by  Richard  Brinsley  Knowles),  where  he  is 
described  as  "  actor,  author,  dramatist,  and 
painter."  F.  H. 

RAYMENT  (ENG.) — What  is  the  coat  of 
arms  of  this  family  ?  The  crest  is  a  boar's 
head,  erased  and  erect,  arg.  CHEVRON. 

CAPTAIN  JONES'S  '  ADVENTURES  IN  PATA- 
OONIA,  &c.' — This  work,  which  also  con- 
tained elegy  and  epitaph  in  verse,  appeared 
in  1766,  8vo.  Can  any  reader  supply 
biographic  detail  about  the  author  ? 

ANEURIN  WILLIAMS. 

Menai  View,  North  Road,  Carnarvon. 

THE  REV.  TEMPLE  HENRY  CROKER. — 
When  did  he  become  rector  of  St.  John's, 
Capisterre,  St.  Christopher's  ?  When  and 
where  did  he  die  ?  According  to  the 
'  D.N.B.,'  xiii.  132,  he  published  a  volume 
of  Sermons  in  1790.  Was  he  ever  married  ? 

G.  F.  R.  B. 

WILLIAM  CULLEN,  OR  CULLING,  son  of 
William  Cullen,  or  Culling,  was  at  West- 
minster School  in  1732.  Any  information 
about  him  would  be  acceptable. 

G.  F.  R.  B. 

REVERSING  THE  UNION  JACK.  —  In 
Charles  Boutell's  'Handbook  to  English 
Heraldry  '  (1914  ed.,  p.  255),  referring  to  the 
Union  Jack  it  is  stated  : — 

To  reverse  the  proper  display  of  the  Flag 
implies  distress  or  danger  ;  or  such  a  procedure 
(very  often,  as  I  am  aware,  unconsciously  adopted, 
through  ignorance  of  the  real  meaning  of  the 
Flag  itself)  subjects  the  Union  Jack  to  degrada- 
tion. 

This  statement,  to  me,  is  an  enigma,  as  it 
is  a  curious  fact  that  it  is  impossible  to  dis- 
play it  incorrectly.  Whichever  way  it  is 
flown  there  is  no  reversing  it. 

The  Red,  White  or  Blue  Ensign  can,  of 
-course,  be  displayed  in  a  wrong  way,  as  re- 
gards the  position  of  the  canton,  but  never 
the  Jack  by  itself.  ROBERT  PEARSALL. 

HUDSON  PEDIGREE. — I  should  be  glad  if 
any  correspondent  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  could  give 
me  any  information  on  the  above.  1  am 
given  to  understand  that  at  one  time  Sir 
Robert  Wilmot  lived  at  Osmaston  Hall, 
Osmaston,  Co.  Derby,  and  the  Hudsons 
lived  on  the  estate  ;  and  it  is  now  in  the 


possession  of  the  Midland  Railway  Company. 
The  hall  was  built  by  the  Fitzherbert 
Wrights  about  1845.  Can  any  reader  kindly 
give  me  any  of  the  family  history  of  the 
Hudsons — births,  marriages  or  deaths  ? 
Did  they  originally  come  from  Yorkshire  ? 
A.  E.  HUDSON. 

NATHANIEL  FLETCHER,  author  of  '  A 
Methodist  Dissected  ;  or,  A  Description  of 
their  Errors.'  Is  anything  known  of  this 
man  or  the  book  ?  W.  N.  C. 

AUTHORS  WANTED. — Can  anyone  oblige  me 
with  the  authors  and  references  of  the  under- 
mentioned quotations  : — 

1.  "  What  news    bring   you   from   the  Holy 

Countrie  ? 

And  how  fares  the  warfare  by  Galilee's 
strand  ?  " 

2.  "  The  Crusades  served  to   people   heaven 

with  martyrs." 
Is  it  Geoffrey  of  Clairvaux  ? 

3.  "  The  Treasures  of  antiquity  laid  up, 

In  old  historic  rolls  I  opened." 
Alice  Strickland,  in  her  '  Queens  of  England,'  says 
by    Beaumont.     Which    one  ?     There    were    five 
Beaumonts  poets  ? 

4.  "  These  are  the  souls  to  which  High  Valour 

gave  glory  undying." 

5.  "  These  are  not  dead,  their  spirits  never 

die." 

6.  "  O'er  pale  Britannia  passed." 

Referring  to  the   destruction  of  the   Eddystone 
lighthouse  in  1703.  E.  BEAUMONT. 

7.  "He  told  the  story  of  Grouse  in  the  gun- 
room."    Was  there  such  a  story  ?     What  was  it  ? 
Where  can  the  quotation  be  found  ?     Goldsmith, 
I  think.  J-  F. 

[Goldsmith,  '  She  stoops  to  Conquer,'  Act  II.] 


JOHN    FREDERICK    SMITH, 
NOVELIST. 

(12  S.  x.  229,  276.) 

A  RUMMAGE  in  an  old  lending  library  of  what 
are  now  curios  of  the  mid-nineteenth-century 
periodical  literature  of  London  shows  that 
the  art  of  booming  was  well  understood  by 
some  of  the  publishers  at  least.  The  first 
series  of  CasseWs  Family  Paper — eight  un- 
wieldy pages — began  on  Dec.  31,  1853,  and 
the  inconvenience  of  the  size  was  recognized 
after  four  years'  trial,  although  it  afforded 
scope  for  the  "  artists "  who  furnished 
double-paged  fancy  pictures  of  particularly 
sanguinary-looking  battles.  So  the  second 
series  of  the  enterprise,  16  pages  of  half  the 


392 


NOTES  AND   QUERIES.         ri2 S.X.MAT 20, 1922. 


original  dimensions,  began  on  Dec.  5,  1857. 
In  November,  1858,  when  the  fifty-second 
portion  of  '  Smiles  and  Tears  :  a  Tale  of  Our 
Own  Times,'  had  brought  this  continuously 
popular  story  of  110  chapters  to  an  end,  the 
publisher  announced  that  Mr.  John  Fred- 
erick Smith  (in  "  Bohemia  "  called  "  Jaef  "  j 
to  distinguish  him  from  the  other  Smiths 
then  more  or  less  conspicuous  in  the  "  City 
of  Prague  ")  was  ready  with  '  The  Substance 
and  the  Shadow,'  and  assurance  was  given 
that  it  "surpasses  in  stirring  incident  and 
startling  adventure  the  most  popular  pro- 
duction of  this  justly  celebrated  author." 
Care  was  taken  not  to  mention  any  of  the 
stories  which  had  brought  fame  to  the  author 
and  fortune  to  the  proprietor  of  another 
periodical.  '  Stanfield  Hall '  (1849),  '  Minni- 
grey'(1851),  'Amy  Lawrence'  (1851),  'The 
Will  and  the  Way  '  (1852),  '  Woman  and  Her 
Master' (1853),  and  others,  besides  number- 
less miscellanies  which  had  been  the  innocent 
delight  and  often  the  only  instructive  reading 
in  thousands  of  humble  homes  in  English- 
speaking  countries,  were  never  mentioned 
by  the  new  proprietors  of  "  Jaef."  Never- 
theless, Mr.  J.  F.  Smith  was  proudly 
claimed  as  one  of  the  most  popular  novelists 
of  the  age. 

His  works,  in  their  original  language,  have  met 
with  the  most  unequivocal  success  not  only  in  Eng- 
land but  the  Colonies  and  the  United  States  of 
America,  whilst  translations  of  them,  both  in 
fastidious  France,  deep-thinking  Germany,  as  well 
as  in  Spain,  have  been  received  most  enthusiasti- 
cally. Few  writers  possess  more  varied  powers. 
While  awakening  the  interest  of  every  intellectual 
reader,  faithfully  describing  scenes  of  home  life, 
graphically  sketching  the  various  phases  of  Eng- 
lish character,  there  is  still  so  much  insight  into 
the  human  heart,  and  so  much  knowledge  of 
human  nature,  that  his  tales  are  universally  ac- 
ceptable. These  are  the  characteristics  of  all 
truly  great  writers.  They  are  not  cribbed, 
cabined,  and  confined  by  national  predilections. 
Their  books  have  more  than  local  interest ;  they 
depend  on  no  single  or  contemporary  sympathy — 
but  are  wide  in  their  philanthropy  and  deep 
in  their  significance.  .  .  .  The  characters  which 
Mr.  J.  F.  Smith  has  so  ably  drawn  are  realities  ; 
they  are  the  result  of  extensive  experience  and 
close  observation.  The  scenes  which  he  has 
described  are  no  mere  fancy  sketches  ;  the  stories 
which  he  has  constructed  have  a  truthfulness 
about  them  which  ensures  a  lengthened  vitality  I 
The  high  moral  tone  of  this  gentleman's  compo- 
sitions is  a  marked  and  honourable  feature.  He 
never  panders  to  vice,  nor  paints  the  brutal  and 
abandoned  in  attractive  colours.  While  he  has 
stood  forth  as  the  unflinching  advocate  of  the 
poor,  the  wretched,  and  the  ignorant,  he  has 
never  shunned  to  denounce  vice,  whether  clothed 
in  rags  or  purple.  We  confidently  believe  that 
Mr.  J.  F.  Smith  has  rendered  essential  service  to 


the  cause  of  human  progress  by  his  highly  popular 
fictions.  He  is  an  undoubted  favourite  with  the 
reading  public  and  well  deserves  the  success  he 
has  achieved. 

And,  of  course,  the  new  employer  bore 
witness  that  '  Smiles  and  Tears '  had 
"  excited  such  universal  sympathy  that  it 
has  been  generally  pronounced  the  most  suc- 
cessful work  of  Mr.  J.  F.  Smith's  prolific  pen.'r 

Other  goods  scarcely  less  tasty  were  in  the 
back  numbers,  which  could  be  had  "  as  soon 
as  they  have  been  reprinted."  Readers  had 
"  followed  with  interest  "  the  hairbreadth 
'scapes  of  '  The  Soldier  of  Fortune  '  ;  had 
joined  company  with  '  Dick  Tarleton '  in 
all  the  varied  circumstances  of  his  chequered 
career  ;  had  watched  the  shifting  scenes  of 
'  The  Phases  of  Life  '  ;  had  "  caught  the 
the  strain  of  the  pibroch  and  gazed  on  the 
gallant  march  "  of  '  The  Young  Pretender.' 
And  in  later  manifestos  the  publishers  were 
obliged  to  exult  that  '  The  Substance  and 
the  Shadow  '  surpassed  "  in  stirring  interest 
and  startling  adventure  the  most  popular 
and  highly  wrought  productions  of  the  justly- 
celebrated  author." 

The  ecstasy  of  the  publisher  regarding 
'  Molly  Moyne  ;  or,  Broken  at  Last  '  was 
perhaps  too  profound  for  words,  but  in  good 
sooth  it  is — for  "  Jaef  "—a  dull  and  common- 
place story  about  an  old  Manor  House,. 
Rockingham  Hall,  which  stood  midway  be- 
tween Lincoln  and  Sleaford  in  the  first 
quarter  of  the  nineteenth  century,  whence  the 
tired  writer  jerks  to  the  Italy  of  the  Car- 
bonari and  Cardinal  Doria,  and  makes  the 
then  current  war  which  created  modern 
Italy  an  episode  in  his  work.  It  galvanized 
the  serial  considerably,  but  bad  begun  made 
bad  ended. 

'  Who  is  to  Win  ?  or  *  The  Stepmother,' 
which  (after  some  unexplained  delay)  fol- 
lowed in  July,  1860,  is  a  tale  of  English 
domestic  life,  which,  it  was  much  too  con- 
fidently predicted,  would  "  be  found  to  equal, 
if  not  to  exceed,  in  interest  any  that  the 
popular  author  has  hitherto  given  to  the 
public."  It  used  to  be  buzzed  in  Fleet 
Street  that  when  the  publishers  drew  up  that 
advertisement  they  were  possessed  of  only 
two  chapters  of  what  they  mentioned  that 
"  to  supply  an  analysis  of  the  plot  would  be 
to  forestall  injudiciously  the  vast  amount 
of  pleasure  which  we  predict  is  reserved  to 
our  readers."  '  Who  is  to  Win  ?  '  struggled 
on  through  66  chapters,  lingering  until 
February,  1861  ;  and  It  was  followed  in 
June  of  the  same  year  by  the  66-chaptered 
'  Sowing  and  Gathering,'  a  story  of  the  same 


12  s.x.  MAT  20. 1922.]         NOTES   AND  QUERIES. 


393 


school,  which  was  ended  in  January,  1862.  ! 
Six  months  later  it  was  expressly  announced  I 
that  Mr.  J.  F.  Smith  was  "  under  an  engage-  | 
ment  to  write  solely  "  for  the  Cassell,  Fetter 
and  Galpin  paper,  and  he  started  '  Warp  and 
Weft ;  or,  The  Cotton  Famine,'  ending  in 
September,  1863.  That  "  sole  engagement  " 
(never  faithfully  carried  out)  finally  collapsed 
in  the  ignominy  which  proved  that  John 
Frederick  Smith  had  overstayed  his  market. 
The  quoted  specimens  of  the  publisher's 
arts  are  pretty  florid,  even  for  their  time. 
But  it  is  true,  nevertheless,  that  for  over  20 
years  Smith  was  a  household  favourite 
throughout  Greater  Britain,  despite  the  rival- 
ries of  many  now  acclaimed  as  the  brightest 
geniuses  of  Victorian  literature ;  and,  if 
he  finally  wasted  his  powers,  he  was  never 
uncleanly,  and  to  this  day  his  novels  are 
enjoyed  by  many  children,  and  many  more 
than  children  withal.  Me. 

'  The  Prelate,  a  Novel,'  was  published 
without  author's  name  in  1840  by  T.  and 
W.  Boone,  29,  New  Bond  Street,  and  was  re- 
viewed in  a  contemporary  periodical  as 
a  novel  of  no  common  pretensions.  .  .  .  The 
leading  interest  is  vested  in  the  last  member  of 
the  unfortunate  house  of  Der  went  water,  whose 
character  is  drawn  with  considerable  effect.  .  .  . 
Many  characters  of  the  day  are  well  drawn. 
A  copy  is  at  the  British  Museum,  but  perusal 
a  few  years  since  scarcely  seemed  to  confirm 
the  above  eulogy.  It  may  be  that  the  novel 
of  the  same  name  of  1860  was  a  re-issue. 

W.  B.  H. 

NEEDHAM'S  POINT  CEMETERY,  BARBADOS 
(12  S.  x.  23,  46,  351).— It  is  good  .to  find  so 
keen  an  enthusiast  in  the  matter  of  the 
preservation  of  the  naval  and  military  ceme- 
teries in  the  British  West  Indies  as  His 
Honour  Mr.  J.  S.  Udal,  whose  letter  appears 
in  your  issue  of  May  6. 

For  his  information  and  for  that  of 
your  readers  I  should  point  out  that,  as  the 
result  of  representations  which  I  made  to 
Lord  Crewe,  the  then  Secretary  of  State  for 
the  Colonies,  in  1908,  an  inquiry  was  made 
into  the  state  of  historic  sites,  ancient 
buildings,  monuments,  cemeteries,  &c.,  in 
the  WTest  Indies.  The  replies  from  the 
various  local  governments  were  embodied 
in  a  Command  Paper  presented  to  Parlia- 
ment in  1912  (Colonial  Reports,  Miscel- 
laneous, No.  84  ;  Cd.  6428). 

It  will  no  doubt  interest  MR.  UDAL  to 
learn  that  reference  is  made  therein  to  the 
obelisk  erected  at  Monk's  Hill,  Antigua, 
to  the  memory  of  the  officers,  N.C.O.'s  and 


men  of  the  54th  Regiment  who  died  during 
service,  of  which  he  makes  mention.  Says 
Mr.  B.  H.  Jarvis,  Acting  Colonial  Engineer, 
in  a  letter  dated  Aug.  7,  and  published  in 
the  report  : — 

The  inscription  on  the  west  (St.  Lucia)  is  much 
worn,  the  names  are  unreadable :  with  that 
exception  the  monument  is  in  fair  order.  There 
are  three  other  tombstones  and  vaults  enclosed 
in  iron  rails  ;  one,  that  of  Charles  Dawson,  M.D.. 
was  last  repaired  by  the  Government.  All  the 
vaults  and  rails  are  in  order,  and  the  cemetery 
was  cleaned  and  repaired  late  last  year  by  the 
Government. 

A  Colonial  Office  note  adds  : — 

The  Governor  has  since  reported  that  this 
monument  is  being  repaired  and  fenced. 

The  further  reports  referred  to  in  my 
letter  which  you  so  kindly  published  in  your 
issue  of  Jan.  14,  were  supplied  to  Sir  John 
Butcher,  K.C.,  M.P.,  following  the  question 
which  he  asked  in  the  House  of  Commons 
on  June  23,  1920,  regarding  the  state  of  the 
naval  and  military  cemetery  at  Needhanrs 
Point,  Barbados.  They  have  not  been 
published,  but  I  should  be  glad  to  show 
copies  to  MR.  UDAL  and  any  others  of  your 
readers  interested. 

MR.  UDAL'S  complimentary  remarks  re- 
garding the  good  work  of  the  Civic  Circle  of 
Barbados  in  restoring  the  cemetery  at 
Needham's  Point  will,  I  am  sure,  be  very 
encouraging  to  that  enterprising  body,  whose 
activities  might  well  be  emulated  in  other 
WTest  Indian  colonies,  where,  alas,  the  value 
of  historic  sites  and  monuments  is  not  so 
fully  appreciated  as  it  should  be. 

ALGERNON  ASPINALL. 

CAPTAIN  STAFFORD  BETTESWORTH  HAINES 
(12  S.  x.  349). — Your  correspondent  is 
referred  to  Allen's  Indian  Mail  of  Aug.  6, 
1860,  or  to  vol.  ii.  of  Low's  '  History  of  the 
Indian  Navy.' 

In  1821  Lieut.  Haines  was  employed  by 
the  Company  in  survey  work  on  the  Arabian 
coast,  and  in  August,  1828,  was  in  command 
of  the  Benares,  a  sloop  of  war  of  14  guns. 
Present  at  the  reduction  of  Aden  in  1839. 
he  was  appointed  British  Political  Agent  of 
that  fortress,  a  post  he  retained  until  1854. 
For  his  conspicuous  services  at  the  reduction 
of  Aden  he  received  the  thanks  of  the 
Company  and  a  sword  of  the  value  of  200 
guineas.  In  1854  Captain  Haines  was 
superseded  in  his  office  by  Brigadier  Sir 
William  Coghlan,  and  sent  a  prisoner  to 
Mazagon  on  charges  of  peculation  and 
embezzlement  of  funds  amounting  in  the 


394 


NOTES   AND   QUERIES.        [12 S.X.MAY 20, 1022. 


aggregate  to  £28,000.  Though  twice  ac- ;  by  letters  patent,  of  the  whole  of  his 
quitted  on  the  criminal  charge  the  directors  i  estate. 

did  not  hesitate  to  bring  a  civil  action  for  While  she  was  herself  either  in,  or  on  the 
the  recovery  of  the  money.  Their  victim  |  way  to,  London,  and  without  her  knowledge 
offered  his  private  fortune  and  large  deduc- ;  and  consent,  her  brother-in-law,  Humphrey 
tions  from  his  pay,  but  without  avail.  He  Lyttelton,  conveyed  two  fugitives,  his  cousin 
was  thrown  into  prison  and  kept  there —  Stephen  and  his  fellow-conspirator  Robert 
with  but  one  short  interval — for  a  space  of  Winter,  Master  of  Huddington,  Worcs,  to 
near  six  years.  A  new  Governor  of  Bombay '  Hagley  House,  where  their  presence  was  be- 
— Sir  George  Clerk — ordered  his  release,  j  trayed  by  the  man  cook,  and  whence  both 
He  was  released  from  prison  on  June  9,  refugees  were  conveyed  to  the  Tower  of 
1860,  and  from  further  prosecution  by  the  I  London.  To  serve  as  a  warning  to  Stafford- 
directors  of  the  Hon.  East  India  Company  |  shire  rebels,  Stephen  suffered  the  extreme 
on  the  16th  day  of  that  month.  i  penalty  of  the  law  in  the  town  of  Stafford  ; 

WILLIAM  P.  H.  POLLOCK,      i  while  Humphrey  was  executed  at  Redhill, 

THE  LYTTELTONS  AND  THE  POPISH  PLOT  !  W°TrCeS^ey,g  choicei  ag  a  place  of  c<mceal. 

3r    his    cousin    Stephen,  of    Hagley 
),  so  recently  restored  by  royal  favour  to 


oi  Worcs,   was  not  the  conspiracv  firenerallv  i    /    •>  j   •  r  •+     T> 

o^  c.+,Ti^    ,„•„     ^~±  _.-u^i_  rn_-,    _  ^--L        -I.    oi  the  proved  innocence  oi  its  Protestant 


so_styled,  viz.,  that  which  Titus  Sates,  in  j  '^Crfordered  to    insert  into  their 

bpink   ai,morjai  bearings  a  significant  reminder  of 
j  the  fatal  tendency  of  some  of  their  kinsmen, 

three     distinct    though    connected    movements    just  then,  towards  conspiracy, 
against  the  Government  of  James  I.  two  years  TT__ 

after  his   accession,   in  the  year  of   Gunpowder 
Plot,  1605  :    (i.)  a  general  wave  of  insurrectionary  ' 
feeling  on  the  part  of  the  Papists,  resulting  from 
the  penal  laws  of  Queen  Elizabeth  ;    (ii.)   Gun 


HENRY  CURTIS. 


COMPOSERS   OF  HYMN   TUNES   (12 
350). — 1.  Thomas  Hewlett  was 


powder  Plot,  to  destroy  King,  Lords,  and  Com-  |  organist  of  the  Duke  of  Buccleuch's  chapel 
mons  ;  immediately  upon  the  successful  issue  I  at  r>alkeith  from  1865  to  1871,  and  for  18  months 
?f-  JT  „  the?e  *3*£*  be  (liM  a  rebelhon  m  the  i  of  1868  and  1869  of  St.  Peter's  Episcopal  Church, 
Midlands,  under  Sir  Everard  Digby.  !  Edinburgh,  the  duties  of  the  morning  service 

The  Gunpowder  Plot  failed,*" and  it  is  the  being  performed  by  a  deputy  of  St.  Mary's  Roman 
abortive  insurrection  in  Worcestershire !  ^fch^ome°time^'  o^^Ne^Tto^^ris^^hurch 
which  is  obviously  meant  when  a  Popish  !  Edinburgh,  "froni  November,  1873,  till  he  died! 

April  10,  1874  ;  buried  in  Newington  cemetery, 
where  a  monument  was  erected  to  his  memory 
by  the  members  of  the  Edinburgh  Choral  Union 
"  in  acknowledgement  of  his  musical  talent  and  his 


great  ability  as  organist  of  that  Society."    (Love's 
1  Scottish  Church  Music,'  pp.  169-70.) 


Plot  in  relation  with  the  Lyttelton  family  is 
mentioned.  Spink  gives  the  following  de- 
tails : — 

Stephen  Lyttelton  (or  Littleton),  Master 
of  Holbeach,  Staffs,  just  over  the  borders  of 
Co.  Worcester,  and  his  cousin,  Humphrey  I  2.  The  place  of  John  Broderip's  burial 
Lyttelton  (or  Littleton)  of  Hagley,  Worcs,  is  not  mentioned  either  in  West's  '  Organ- 
were  executed  in  1606  for  complicity  in  ists  '  nor  in  Mr.  W.  Barclay  Squire's  account 
Digby's  rebellion.  Humphrey  was  brother  of  him  in  the  '  D.N.B.'  The  latter,  how- 
of  John  Lyttelton  of  Hagley  House,  Worces-  i  ever,  states  that  he  died  on  some  date  be- 
ter,  M.P.  for  that  county,  who  had  been  |  tween  Oct.  1,  1770  (when  he  was  last  present 


convicted  for  high  treason  in  connexion  with 
the  Essex  conspiracy,  Feb.  20,  1600/1,  and 
died  in  prison  in  the  following  July.  His 
widow  brought  up  her  three  sons  and  five 
daughters  in  the  Reformed  religion,  and  upon 
the  accession  of  James  I.  obtained  a  reversal 


at  the  quarterly  meeting  of  the  dean  and 
chapter  and  the  vicars  choral  at  Wells),  and 
April  26,  1771.  West  gives  his  death  (like 
Mr.  Chambers)  in  1785.  Both  West  and 
Barclay  Squire  state  that  in  the  latter  years 
of  his  life  Broderip  was  organist  of  Shepton 


of  the  attainder  of  her  husband,  and  a  grant,  i  Mallet,  Somersetshire.     Could  he  have  been 


12  S.  X.  MAY  20,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


395 


buried  there  ?  In  an  addition,  in  brackets, 
to  Mr.  Barclay  Squire's  article  on  the  family 
t  of  Broderip  in  Grove's  '  Dictionary  of  Music 
and  Musicians  '  the  date  of  John's  death  is 
also  given  as  1785. 

3.  John  Hatton,  "  born  at  Warrington  ; 
afterwards  resided  in  Duke  Street,  St.  Helens, 
in  the  township  of  Windle,"  is  all  the  in- 
formation in  Love's  '  Scottish  Church  Music  ' 
(p.  158).  His  name  does  not  appear  in  the 
'  D.N.B.'  or  in  Grove's  '  Dictionary  of  Music 
and  Musicians.'  H.  C.  H.  M. 

STONE  SIGN,  LOWER  THAMES  STREET 
(12  S.  x.  309). — -This  sign,  which  I  recently 
sketched,  is  over  the  entrance  to  Cox's  and 
Hammond's  Quays,  No.  6,  Lower  Thames 
Street.  It  represents  a  bear  with  a  chain 
and  ring  lying  over  his  back,  and  has  the 
initials  M.E.H.  (in  monogram)  with  date 
1670  in  a  semicircular  panel  above.  The 
whole  is  enclosed  in  a  neat  brick-moulded 
architrave,  and  is  above  3ft.  Sin.  high  by 
2ft.  9in.  wide  over  all.  I  think  there  is 
little  doubt  it  was  the  sign  of  Bear  Quay, 
which  was  close  here.  A  token  was  issued 
in  the  seventeenth  century  by  Phillip  Stower 
at  the  "  Beare  at  Bare  Key,"  and  although 
placed  by  Boyne  to  Southwark  I  agree  with 
Dr.  Norman  that  it  more  likely  belongs  to 
the  above  place.  A  token  was  issued  at  the 
White  Bear  in  Thames  Street,  and  another 
token  issued  in  Thames  Street  has  a  bear 
and  staff  on  it.  Beer  Lane,  formerly  called 
Bear  Lane,  is  close  by. 

WILLIAM  GILBERT,  F.R.N.S. 

ENGLISH  ARMY  SLANG  (12  S.  ix.  538,  and 
references  there  given;  x.  7,  201,  279). — 
With  reference  to  Army  slang  already  re- 
corded I  think  these  have  not  yet  been 
noticed  : — 

DE-BANTAMIZE.  The  35th  or  "  Bantam  "  Divi- 
sion was  after  a  time  reinforced  by  troops  of  a 
normal  size,  and  was  said  to  be  "  de-bantamized. 

EMBUSS  (TO).  To  put  troops  on  a  motor-bus. 
On  notice  boards  "  Embussing  Point  "  might  be 
seen. 

PACKET.     A  wound.     "  He's  got  a  packet." 
A.  W.  Bo  YD   (Capt.). 

ESQUIRE  AND  ESSAYIST  (12  S.  x.  349). — 
I  have  a  volume  in  elaborately  stamper 
black  leather,  which  is  labelled  at  the  back 
"The  Tourist.  T.  Roscoe  Esq."  Is  it 
possible  that  this  is  the  book  referred  to  by 
Q.  V.  ?  It  is  not,  however,  a  book  of  essays 
but  is  mainly  a  description  of  the  Isle  of 
Wight,  and  was  published  in  1843. 

The   practice    of   styling   the    author    or 


editor  of  a  book,  on  its  title  page,  as  "Es- 
quire "  was  at  one  time  not  at  all  uncommon. 
My  editions  of  Boswell's  '  Johnson  '  and  of 
The  Tour  to  the  Hebrides  '  are  both  stated 
to  be  by  "  James  Boswell,  Esquire." 

I  take  a  few  other  examples  at  random  : — 

'  Sir    Thomas     More,    or     Colloquies    on    the 
Progress  and   Prospects   of   Society,'  by  Robert 
Southey,    Esq.,     LL.D.,    Poet    Laureate    (1829) 
and  so  in  his  edition  of  '  The  Pilgrim's  Progress, 
with  a  life  of  John  Bunyan'  (1831)]. 

'  Letters  and  Journals  of  Lord  Byron,'  by 
Thomas  Moore,  Esq.  (1830). 

'  The  Works  of  Francis  Bacon,  Lord  Chancellor 
of  England,'  a  new  edition  by  Basil  Montagu,  Esq. 
(1825-1834). 

4  Hampshire  :  Its  Past  and  Present  Condition 
and  Future  Prospects,'  by  Robert  Mudie,  Esq. 
(Preface  dated  1838). 

4  Religio  Medici  and  Urn-Burial,'  with  Prelimi- 
nary Discourse  and  Notes  by  J.  A.  St.  John,  Esq. 
(1838). 

1  The  State  in  its  Relations  with  the  Church,' 
by  W.  E.  Gladstone,  Esq.,  Student  of  Christchurch 
and  M.P.  for  Newark  (1839). 

'  Frederick  the  Great  and  his  Times,'  edited 
with  an  Introduction  by  Thomas  Campbell,  Esq. 
(1842). 

'  St.  Patrick's  Purgatory,'  by  "Thomas  Wright 
Esq.,  M.A.,  F.S.A.  (1844)  [and  so  on  the  title  page 
of  several  other  of  his  books]. 

'  Popular  Rhymes  and  Nursery  Tales,'  by 
James  Orchard  Halliwell,  Esq.  (Preface  dated 
1849). 

'  Vathek,'  by  William  Beckford,  Esq.  (1849). 

'  Suetonius  '  Lives  of  the  Caesars,'  revised  and 
corrected  by  T.  Forester,  Esq.  A.M.  (Bohn,  1855). 

'  The  Isles  of  Loch  Awe  and  other  Poems,'  by 
Philip  Gilbert  Hammerton,  Esq.  (1859). 

'  Chevalier's  Treatise  on  Gold,'  translated  with 
Preface  by  Richard  Cobden,  Esq.  (1859). 

'  History  of  Fiction,'  by  John  Dunlop,  Esq. 
(1859). 

4  Mallet's  Northern  Antiquities,'  new  edition  by 
I.  A.  Blackwell,  Esq.  (Bohn,  1873). 

'  Old  Book  Collector's  Miscellany,'  edited  by 
Charles  Hindley,  Esq.  (1876). 

'  Holbein's  Dance  of  Death,'  by  Francis  Douce, 
Esq.,  F.A.S.  (Bohn,  1878). 

4  Dictionary  of  Archaic  and  Provincial  Words,' 
by  James  Orchard  Halliwell,  Esq.,  F.R.S.  (10th 
ed.,  1878). 

The  list  could,  without  difficulty,  be  con- 
siderably extended.      WM.  SELF-WEEKS. 
Westwood,  Clitheroe. 

REFORMATIONS  OF  THE  CALENDAR  (12  S. 
viii.  370). — This  query  does  not  appear  to 
have  been  replied  to.  The  explanation  of 
the  difficulty  raised  by  MR.  WHITEBROOK  is 
that  Pope  Gregory  XIII.,  when  he  rectified 
the  calendar,  did  it  by  reference  to  the  date 
of  the  Coxmcil  of  Nice,  A.D.  325,  instead  of 
reckoning  from  Jan.  1,  A.D.  1.  He  found 
that  in  A.D.  1582  the  vernal  equinox  oc- 
curred 10  days  earlier  than  March  21,  the 


396 


NOTES   AND   QUERIES.        [12 S.X.MAY 20, 1022. 


day  on  which  it  happened  early  in  the  fourth 
century,  when  the  above  Council  was  held. 
He  therefore  ordered  10  days  to  be  struck 
out  of  the  year  1582,  thus  restoring  the 
vernal  equinox  to  March  21.  This  in  effect 
took  into  account  the  leap  years  in  A.D. 
300,  500,  600,  700,  900,  1000,  1100,  1300, 
1400  and  1500.  As,  however,  the  years  A.D. 
100  and  200  had  been  leap  years,  he  ought 
also,  in  order  completely  to  rectify  the 
Julian  Calendar,  to  have  allowed  for  them, 
and  to  have  struck  out  12  days  instead  of 
10.  The  necessity  of  some  arrangement 
for  adjusting  the  calendar  in  future  was  met 
by  Gregory  ordering  the  omission  of  three 
leap  years  in  every  400  years,  but  Omar 
Khayyam,  the  Persian  astronomer -poet,  as 
long  ago  as  A.D.  1079  had  proposed  to  effect 
the  same  object  as  follows:  (1)  intercalate 
a  day  every  fourth  year,  but  (2)  intercalate 
during  the  thirty-third  year  instead  of  the 
thirty-second.  Neither  of  these  schemes  is 
an  exact  adjustment,  but  a  very  long  period 
will  have  to  elapse  before  a  further  correc- 
tion is  necessary.  (See  Article  on  Chrono- 
logy, '  Chambers' s  Encyclopaedia,'  vol.  iii.) 
WM.  SELF-WEEKS. 
Westwood.  Clitheroe. 

EXHIBITIONS  OF  AUTOMATA  IN  LONDON 
(12  S.  x.  269,  331). — The  record  continues  to 
be  confined  to  life-size  figures,  and  to  omit 
the  "  mechanical  motions "  of  Cox  and 
others.  I  should  like  to  add  the  late  Mr. 
Maskelyne's  figures  "  Psycho  "  and  "  Zoe." 
They  are  illustrated  on  the  cover  design  of 
the  l'  Guide  "  published  during  the  seventies 
under  the  following  title  : — 

Egyptian  Hall,  England's  Home  of  Mystery. 
Maskelyne  and  Cooke,  the  Royal  Illusionists  and 
Anti -Spiritualists.  A  Guide  to  their  Original 
and  Unique  Entertainment  of  Modern  Miracles  ! 
With  a  short  Biographical  Sketch  of  John  Nevil 
Maskelyne,  a  Reference  to  some  Celebrated  Auto- 
mata, and  an  Epitome  of  the  Slade  Case. 

Reference  to  a  royal  performance  at  Sand- 
ringham  follows,  and  the  page  concludes  : — • 
The  Entertainment  is  now  in  its  Fifth  Year 
at  the  Egyptian  Hall,  Piccadilly,  London. 
W.  Morton,  Manager. 

The  matter  describing  the  automata  is 
provided  on  pp.  8-16,  and  contains  some 
allusions  of  special  interest,  for  example  : — • 

Many  of  these  androides  are  now  in  the 
possession  of  W.  Snoxell,  Esq.,  of  No.  2,  Charter- 
house Square,  E.C.,  with  a  host  of  other  curiosities 
which  he  has  spent  years  in  collecting.  From 
an  inspection  of  these  automata  it  will  be  seen 
that  the  descriptions  of  them  have  been  much 
exaggerated. 


"  Psycho "  was  a  card -playing  Hindu 
figure  (•'mild-looking"),  some  22in.  high, 
seated,  cross-legged,  upon  a  box  which 
rests  upon  a  pedestal  of  clear  glass.  Appar- 
ently the  motive-power  was  the  perplexing 
secret  which  remained  unsolved.  "  Zoe, 
daughter  of  the  Sunny  South,"  was  a  writing 
and  drawing  figure  that  could  sketch  por- 
traits of  celebrities  and  write  ;  that  had 
some  mysterious  motive-power,  not  clock- 
work, and  to  convince  onlookers  "there  was 
no  deception "  would  be  carried  down  by 
Maskelyne  and  seated  on  the  knee  of  any 
gentleman  in  the  audience. 

Possibly  these  figures  exist  and  are  on 
exhibition  somewhere.  Also  there  may 
have  been  even  later  exhibitions  of  auto- 
mata. ALECK  ABRAHAMS. 

Two  FLEET  STREET  TAVERNS  (12  S.  x. 
346). — 1.  The  King's  Head.  I  suggest  that 
the  late  F.  G.  Hilton  Price,  in  his  paper 
'  Signs  of  Old  Fleet  Street '  (Archaeological 
Journal,  December,  1895),  is  to  be  preferred 
as  to  the  site  of  the  King's  Head.  He  there 
states  that  the  tavern  occupied  the  first  and 
second  floors  of  the  old  five -storey  building 
situate  at  the  south-west  corner  of  Chancery 
Lane.  The  widening  of  this  entrance  to 
Chancery  Lane  (Craftsman,  July  20,  1765, 
cited  by  J.  Holbert  Wilson,  '  Pictorial 
Records  of  London,'  Portfolio  17,  No.  23) 
possibly  suggested  the  south-east  corner 
as  the  site  of  this  inn,  and  it  may  have 
been  so  originally. 

2.  The  Mitre  Tavern.  This  Johnsonian 
identification  is  too  definite  to  admit  of 
confusion  or  modern  re-use  of  celebrated 
place-names.  The  existing  tavern  was  the 
Mitre  Coffee-house,  the  tavern  being  lost 
in  Messrs.  Hoare's  rebuilding  of  their  old 
premises.  Again,  F.  G.  Hilton  Price  (ibid.) 
correctly  identifies  the  exact  site  as  between 
Nos.  38  and  39.  "  It  was  approached  by 
a  long  passage  called  Cat  and  Fiddle  Court 
or  Alley."  There  were  several  taverns 
similary  reached  by  court  or  alley,  although 
identified  as  in  Fleet  Street.  The  adaptation 
of  the  premises  to  Macklin's  "  Poets'  Gallery," 
and  finally  to  Saunders's  auction  rooms,  has 
been  referred  to  in  '  One  Hundred  Years  of 
Book  Auctions'  (1908),  pp.  15-16,  Messrs. 
Hodgson's  centenary  volume. 

AJLECK  ABRAHAMS. 

MOTHERING  SUNDAY    (12    S  x.  249,  292, 
334). — Few  things  seem  to  me  more  interest- 
ing than  the  survival  of  pagan  practices  in 
|  our    so-called    Christian    civilization.     The 


[i2.s.x.MAT2o,i922.        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


397 


I  shall   be  glad  to  show  the  picture  to 


following  passage  appears  to  blend  the  two 
very  happily,  besides  containing  an  allusion 
to  an  observance  on  the  fourth  Sunday  in 
Lent : — 

Above  all  I  should  have  loved  to  see  Joan  under 
the  Fairy  Tree.  It  was  a  beech  ;  I  have  often 
thought  about  it ;  a  marvellous  beech,  which 
cast  a  great  and  beautiful  shadow.  It  was  called 
the  Ladies'  or  the  Fames'  tree,  for  the  fairies 
were  ladies  as  much  as  the  saints  ;  but  ladies 
magnificently  dressed  and  not  wearing  a  heavy 
gold  crown  like  St.  Catherine.  They  preferred  . 

to  be  crowned  with  flowers.     Now  this  beech  was    became    wife    of   John   Dyve    of   Bromham, 
very  old,  handsome  and  venerable.     It  was  also    Beds.      She   was    called    "  Douglas,"    having 


anyone  who  may  be  interested  in  City 
history.  C.  J.  Fox 

(Lieut.-Colonel),  Chief  Officer 
London  Salvage  Corps. 

SURNAMES  AS  CHRISTIAN  NAMES    (12  S.  ix. 

370,  437,  474,  511  ;  x.  115,  255).— A  curious 
example  of  this  is  provided  by  the  name  of 
one  of  the  daughters  of  the  Right  Hon.  Sir 
Anthony  Denny,  born  about  1545,  who 


called  "  the  Tree  of  the  Loges-les-Dames,"  the 
"  arbre  charmine,"  "  the  Fairy  Tree  of  Bourle- 
mont  "  and  "  the  Beautiful  May."  ...  It  grew 
near  a  fountain  called  "  the  Fountain  of  the 
Currant-bush,"  where  in  days  gone  by  the  fairies 
had  bathed,  and  a  virtue  had  remained  in 
its  waters  ;  they  that  drank  thereof  were 
cured  of  fever.  This  was  why  it  was  also  called 
the  good  fountain  Aux-Fees-Notre-Seigneur,  a 
sweet  and  happy  name  which  placed  under  the 
protection  of  Jesus  the  little  supernatural  people 
whom  the  Apostles  had  so  roughly  attacked, 
without  being  able  to  drive  them  from  their  forests 


and  their   native   springs. 


Every   year,    on 


the  fourth  Sunday  of  Lent,  or  Fountain  Sunday, 
the  boys  and  girls  of  the  village  used  to  go  in  a 
party  to  eat  bread  and  nuts  under  the  Fairy  Tree  ; 
then  they  drank  of  the  Currant-bush  Fountain, 
whose  water  is  good  only  for  the  sick.  ('On  Life 
and  Letters  :  Concerning  Joan  of  Arc,'  by  Anatole 
France.)  T.  pERCY  ARMSTRONG. 

The  Authors'  Club,  Whitehall,  S.W. 

THE  ONE-LEGGED  LORD  MAYOR  (12  S. 
x.  251,  314). — To  supplement  the  in- 
formation given  as  to  the  one-legged  Lord 
Mayor,  Sir  Brook  Watson,  first  baronet 
(1735-1807),  I  find,  in  a  manuscript  I  wrote 
20  years  ago  on  '  One-legged  Heroes,'  that 
Watson  distinguished  himself  under  General 
Wolfe  at  the  siege  of  Louisburg,  and  whilst 
in  the  Army  was  known  as  "  Wooden-leg 
Commissary."  He  always  made  light  of 
his  infirmity,  and  during  his  Lord  Mayoralty 
arranged  a  cricket  match  at  Greenwich 
Hospital  between  an  eleven  with  one  arm 
and  an  eleven  with  wooden  legs.  Watson's 
side  won,  he  being  top  scorer. 

H.  PROSSER  CHANTER. 

Whetstone,  N.20. 

I  have  read  with  much  interest  the  replies 
at  the  second  reference,  giving  particulars  of 
the  incident  in  Havana  Harbour,  when  the! 
leg  of  a  boy  (Brook  Watson,  who  afterwards ! 
became  Lord  Mayor  of  London)  was  bitten 


doubtless  been  the  goddaughter  of  Lady 
Margaret  Douglas,  one  of  the  ladies  of  the 
Court. 

The    first    Lord    Windsor  (by    summons, 
1529)  was  called  "  Andrews,"  the  surname 


of  his  mother's  family. 


H.  L.  L.  D. 


off  by  a  shark. 

I  have  the  original  painting  of  the  affair, 

history  of  the  matter. 


RHYMED  HISTORY  OF  ENGLAND  (12  S. 
x.  249,  297,  352,  376).— I  have  a  Rhymed 
History  of  England  in  MS.  It  was  given 
to  me  by  a  lady  who  learnt  it  at  school  in 
Harrogate  during  the  thirties  of  last  century. 
It  begins  : — 

King  in  a  thousand  sixty  six 
Conquest  did  the  Norman  fix ; 
Robert's  right  to  Rufus  given 
Saw  a  thousand  eighty  seven. 
When  Queen  Victoria  succeeded  to  the 
throne   one   of  the  governesses   added   the 
lines  : — 

In  eighteen  hundred  thirty  seven 
The  crown  was  to  Victoria  given. 
The  past  is  known,  the  future  is  obscure — 
Time  will  reveal  what  England  must  endure 
But  'twill  be  well  if  righteousness  prevails 
To  avert  the  evil  wickedness  entails. 

E.  HARGRAVE. 

There  is  a  full  copy  of  the  verses  referred 
to  by  SIR  RICHARD  PAGET  in  'Eastern 
Counties  Collectanea,'  p.  103.  The  verses 
are  there  stated  to  have  been  written  by  the 
late  Mr.  Hudson  Gurney  of  Keswick,  and 
end  with  Queen  Victoria.  I  shall  be  pleased 
to  send  a  full  copy  to  your  correspondent  if 
he  wishes.  GEO.  W.  G.  BARNARD. 

'  THE  KING,  THE  BISHOP,  AND  THE  SHEP- 
HERD '  (12  S.  x.  349). — The  ballad  sought 
would  appear  to  be  '  King  John  and  the 
of  Canterbury,'  which  forms  No. 
in  '  The  Ballad  Book,'  edited  by 
William  Allingham  (Macmillan  and  Co., 
1872),  pp.  64-68.  A  note  on  p.  377  says  : — 


From  Percy's  Reliques  ;  those  marked  with  %*, 
-  i  the  sign  of  "  considerable  liberties  "  taken  by  the 
3    editor.     "  The  common  popular  ballad  [says  he] 
of  King  John  and  the  Abbot  seems  to  have  been 


398 


NOTES   AND  QUERIES. 


[12  S.  X.  MAY  20,  1922. 


abridged  and  modernized  about  the  time  of  James 
I.  from  one  much  older,  entitled  King  John  and 
the  Bishop  of  Canterbury.  The  Editor's  folio 
MS.  contains  a  copy  of  this  last,  but  in  too  corrupt 
a  state  to  be  reprinted  ;  it,  however,  afforded 
many  lines  worth  reviving,  which  will  be  found 
inserted  in  the  ensuing  stanzas." 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

Is  MR.  COTJRTHOPE  FORMAN  thinking  of 
the  ballad  '  King  John  and  the  Abbot  of 
Canterbury '  ?  This  tells  how  the  King, 
professing  to  believe  that  the  Abbot  is 
plotting  treason  on  account  of  the  great 
state  he  keeps  up,  gives  him  three  questions, 
or  riddles,  which  he  thinks  impossible  of 
solution,  and  directs  the  Abbot  to  answer 
them  by  a  certain  day,  or  "  his  head  shall  be 
smitten  from  his  bodie  "  and  his  lands  and 
livings  forfeited,  and  how  the  Abbot's 
shepherd  undertakes  to  personate  him,  and 
"  with  crozier,  and  miter,  and  rochet,  and 
cope,  fit  to  appeare  'fore  our  fader  the 
pope,"  attends  before  the  King  on  the  ap- 
pointed day,  and  by  his  mot  her- wit  succeeds 
not  only  in  giving  answers  to  the  questions, 
but  also  in  obtaining  the  pardon  of  the 
Abbot.  This  ballad  is  to  be  found  in 
Percy's  '  Reliques  of  Ancient  English  Poetry.' 

WM.  SELF -WEEKS. 
Westwood,  Clitheroe. 

CANE -BOTTOMED  CHAIRS  (12  S.  x.  350).—- 
According  to  the  various  authorities  on 
English  furniture,  coarse  cane-work  was 
introduced  in  the  backs  of  chairs  in  1665. 
In  1670  the  cane-work  was  much  finer, 
and  was  used  for  the  seats  as  well,  and  from 
1685  to  1720  its  use  had  become  fairly 
general.  A  reference  to  '  Furniture  in 
England,'  by  Francis  Lenygon  (London, 
1914),  would  probably  give  the  names  of 
the  makers.  ARCHIBALD  SPARKE. 

The  following  quotations  are  furnished  by 
the  '  N.E.D.'  :— 

1696.  London  Gazette,  No.  3206/4,  Cain'd  Chairs. 

1696.  Ibid,  No.  32 13/4,  Cane-Chairs  .  .  .Tables, 
Stands. 

1710.  Ibid.,  No.  4646/4,  Richard  Lewis,  born 
in  Shropshire,  a  Cane-chair-maker. 

The  dictionary  has  no  quotation  at  all  for 
cane-bottoming,  and  for  cane-bottomed  only 
this :  "  1877.  A.  B.  Edwards,  Up  Nile, 
ii.  40,  A  row  of  cane-bottomed  chairs."  For 
cane-seated  there  is  this  :  "  1881.  Mechanic, 
§40,  19,  Beechen  frames  for  cane-seated 
chairs."  For  the  verb  cane,  "  to  fit  or  set 
(a  chair,  &c.)  with  cane,"  there  is  only  one 


quotation  :   "  1885.  Leisure  Ho[ur],  Jan.  47/lr 
Women  and  children  .  .  .  caning  or  rushing 
the  '  bottoms.'  "        L.  R.  M.  STRACHAN. 
Birmingham  University. 

'  THE  CHARING  CROSS  MAGAZINE  '  (12  S.  x. 
371). — '  The  Times  Handlist  of  Newspapers' 
shows  Nos.  1  to  5  of  this  magazine  as  having 
been  published  in  1900.  Publisher's  address 
is  not  given,  but  copies  should  be  available 
for  inspection  at  Copyright  Office,  British 
Museum.  R.  H.  PARFITT. 

CHARLES  D.  GORDON  (12  S.  x.  329). — I?can 
now  answer  my  own  query,  on  the  authority 
of  Viscount  Milner.  Charles  D.  Gordon, 
who  translated  Mauthner's  '  Aristotle ' 
(1907),  was,  as  I  suspected,  the  Rev.  Charles 
Dickens  Gordon  (1850-1918),  whose  origins 
are  dealt  with  minutely  in  my  '  House  of 
Gordon  '  (ii.  (398)-(412)).  The  identification 
may  interest  cataloguers. 

J.  M.  BULLOCH. 

37,  Bedford  Square. 

LOFTUS  (12  S.  x.  289,  356). — There  seems 
some  doubt  about  the  date  of  death  of 
George  Colby  Loftus.  In  Burke's  '  Peerage  ' 
it  is  given  as  Nov.  15,  1861,  and  in  the 
'  Landed  Gentry '  as  Nov.  5,  1861.  The 
Gentleman's  Magazine  (1862,  i.,  p.  108) 
states  that  he  was  late  of  the  Scots  Fusiliers, 
and  died  Dec.  5,  1861.  A.  H.  S. 

HAMPSHIRE  FOLK-LORE  (12  S.  x.  350). — 
Some  information  about  folk-lore  and  super- 
stitions in  the  New  Forest  will  be  found  in 
'  The  New  Forest,  its  History  and  Scenery  ' 
(3rd  ed.),  by  John  R.  Wise.  W.  A.  L." 

BARREL  ORGANS  IN  CHURCHES  (12  S.  x. 
209,  254,  316,  353).— I  am  now  told  on  good 
authority  that  it  was  not  at  Tickhill  where 
the  handle  broke,  but  in  the  immediate 
neighbourhood,  at  Harworth,  Notts. 

J.  T.  F. 

Winterton,  Lines. 

"  TTJILEURS  "  :  A  FRENCH  MASONIC  TERM 
(12  S.  x.  309). — The  definition  of  tuileur 
as  given  in  Lit t re's  '  Dictionnaire  de  la 
Langue  Franc,  aise  '  is,  "  Celui  qui,  dans  une 
loge  de  francs-macons,  est  charge  de  tuiler 
un  etranger  qui  se  dit  franc -mason  ;  and  the 
'  Nouveau  Larousse  Illustre  '  has  almost  an 
identical  definition,  viz.,  "  Celui  qui,  dans 
une  loge  de  francs-masons,  est  charge^  de 
tuiler  les  freres  visiteurs."  Clifton  and 
Grimaux,  in  their  '  French-English  Die- 


12  s.  x.  MAY  20, 1922.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


399 


tionary,'    state    a  tuileur  to   be    "  a   tiler 


door-keeper  at  a  lodge  of  Free- 
This apparently  is  the  term  used 


tyler  ;  ^ 

masons. 

in  France  for  the  person  who  holds  the  office 

of  Lodge  tyler.  ARCHIBALD  SPARKE. 

MARTIN  (12  S.  x.  350).—  Should  not  this  be 
Gregory  Martin,  and  not  George  Martin  as 
({noted  by  your  correspondent,  who  was  the 
learned  Roman  Catholic  writer,  and  the 
author,  or  one  of  the  authors,  of  the  Reims 
translation  of  the  New  Testament  ? 

ARCHIBALD  SPARKE. 

"  TIGHT  "  AND  OTHER  EQUINE  TERMS 
(12  S.  x.  367).—  Dr.  Skeat,  in  his  dictionary, 
has  a  useful  article  on  the  origin  and  mean- 
ing of  the  word  "  tight,"  which  has  no 
special  reference  to  horses  or  cattle,  but  is 
of  general  use  in  the  sense  of  compactness, 
approaching  perfection,  the  being  ade- 


quately   and     completely    fixed 
nautical  word  "  taut  "  is  akin  to 


up. 
it. 


The 
Com- 


pare the  reference  in  the  old  English  song 
to  "  our  right  little,  tight  little  island." 
FRANK  PENNY. 


on 


A   Guide  to  English  Gothic  Architecture.     By  S. 

Gardner.     (Cambridge   University  Press.    "ids. 

net.) 

THIS  is  a  book  very  much  to  be  recommended  to 
beginners  in  architecture.  Its  principal  feature  is 
a  series  of  enlarged  photographs,  chosen  with 
great  skill  and  good  luck,  in  which  the  main  lines 
of  the  development  of  English  Gothic  may  be 
studied  to  some  real  purpose.  Designed  originally 
for  use  at  Harrow,  the  series  proved  so  successful 
that  sets  of  the  photographs  and  the  handbook 
explaining  them  were  in  constant  demand  for 
other  schools.  This  is  not  to  be  wondered  at  : 
we  do  not  remember  any  introduction  to  Gothic 
which  so  exactly  corresponds  with  the  needs  of 
an  intelligent  person  seeking  systematic  informa- 
tion. The  sequence  of  examples  could  hardly  be 
bettered  ;  and  running  to  180  plates  (to  say 
nothing  of  figures  illustrating  the  Glossary)  it  is 
generous  in  amount.  The  quality  of  the  photo- 
graphs is  excellent,  and  in  many  cases  permits  of 
study  —  at  any  rate  the  preliminary  study  of 
a  novice  in  the  subject  —  -better  than  would  the 
original.  A  few  most  aptly  devised  notes  are 
printed  at  the  bottom  of  each  photograph,  and 
four  appendixes  treat  delightfully  and  in  some 
detail  the  questions  of  vaulting,  tracery,  the 


plan   of 
churches. 


Gothic   church,   and   the   builders   of 
There    is    a   glossary   which    includes 


nearly  all  the  terms  that  any  but  an  expert  can 
want,  but  might,  we  think,  have  been  made  easier 
in  its  definitions.  Thus  a  battlement  is  described 
as  an  "  embrasured  parapet,"  but  no  definition  of 
"  embrasure  "  is  supplied  ;  the  convenient  term 


"  merlon  "  does  not  appear  ;  the  description  of 
a  broach  seems  difficult  unless  one  knows  before- 
hand what  a  "  broach-spire  "  is.  But  these  are 
small  matters.  It  is  seldom  we  have  had  a  book 
in  our  hands  for  which  we  so  greatly  wish  a  wide 
circulation. 

A  real  love  of  architecture  —  -they  may  smile 
who    have    it    not  —  -is   among   the    most  solidly 


useful  as  well   as    delightful   of   inward   posses- 
To  kindle    it,    especially   in    the   young, 


sions. 


is  not  very  easy  :  the  books  offered  for  the  purpose 
are  sometimes  too  mesquins  to  the  eye,  or  too 
difficult  and  ponderous,  or  too  easy,  or  too  meagre. 
More  than  that,  they  often  lack  the  power  to 
convey  exhilaration  and  a  sense  of  grandeur,  and 
so  do  not  themselves  carry  away  the  imagination. 
This  book  has  just  those  qualities  —  -the  amplitude 
and  the  enthusiasm  —  -which  take  captive  the 
imagination  from  the  outset  and  make  of  its 
pages  true  openings  into  a  region  of  delight. 

The  Victorian  Age.     By  W.  R.  Inge.     (Cambridge 


ONE 


University  Press,  2s.  Qd.  net.) 
may   find  an  interesting  example 


of    the 


rapidity  of  the  changes  of  modern  thought  in  the 
already  noticeable  return,  after  some  bitter  but 
not  protracted  criticism,  to  a  more  sympathetic 
view  of  the  Victorian  age.  This  gives  the  "  Old 
Victorians "  opportunity  for  timely  counter- 
criticisms.  The  angle  from  which  the  Dean  of 
St.  Paul's  looks  out  upon  men  and  affairs  is 
specially  advantageous,  we  think,  for  a  survey 
of  the  nearer  past,  and  in  this  lecture  he  has 
set  out  his  vast  subject  with  all  the  authority 
derived  from  definite,  long-pondered  and  un- 
borrowed  judgment.  Not  that  he  fails  to  quote 
earlier  thinkers — and  sometimes,  perhaps,  sur- 
prisingly. Thus  he  mentions  Sybel's  statement 
that  universal  suffrage  has  always  heralded  the 
end  of  parliamentary  government.  We  should 
doubt  whether  history,  as  yet,  furnishes  examples 
either  numerous  or  important  enough  to  justify 
so  sweeping  a  statement — or  rather,  to  justify 
drawing  any  kind  of  inference  from  it.  It  reminds 
one  of  the  "  come  sempre  "  with  which  Ferrero 
introdxices  his  grandiose  but  sometimes  empty 
generalizations. 

The  summary  account  of  the  Victorian  age 
under  its  social  and  political  aspects  makes  a 
good  sketch — in  our  opinion  the  best  portion 
of  the  lecture.  The  literary  portion  is  dominated 
by  the  figure  of  Tennyson,  whom  Dean  Inge 
vindicates  with  a  slightly  peevish  enthusiasm — 


vindicating,   however, 
his  genius  as  a  poet. 


rather   his   opinions   than 
He  makes  an  interesting 


point  in  his  remarks  on  the  longevity  of  the  great 
Victorians,  wherein  only  ancient  Greece  can  be 
compared  to  them.  To  Greece,  again,  he  looks 
back  for  a  parallel  to  the  "  magnificent  types  " 
they  offer  of  the  human  countenance,  disparaging 
twentieth-century  heads  beside  them.  At  first 
sight  this  appears  merely  amusing :  yet  a  re- 
collection of  the  National  Portrait  Gallery  rather 
reinforces  his  contention. 

The  last  secret  of  the  characteristic  Victorian 
genius  has  not,  we  think,  ever  yet  been  con- 
vincingly stated.  This  essay  itself  does  not 
divulge  it.  It  rather — not  without  some  touch 
of  ruefulness  and  reproach— emphasizes  the  fact 
that  a  secret  exists. 


400 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [12 S.X.MAY 20, 1022. 


Language  :  An  Introduction  to  the  Study  of  Speech. 

By  Edward  Sapir.      (Oxford  University  Press. 

8s.  6d.  net.) 

THE  ancient  Athenians,  as  we  all  know,  employed 
themselves  in  nothing  else  but  either  in  telling 
or  in  hearing  some  new  thing.  Somewhat  differ- 
ently do  many  of  us  employ  ourselves  ;  for  it  seems 
there  is  nothing  more  generally  enjoyed  than  a 
detailed  exposition  of  what  everybody  already 
knows.  Large  numbers  of  books  are  now  com- 
posed on  this  principle ;  they  dot  the  i's  and 
cross  the  t's  of  the  document  which  time  and  life 
inscribe  on  the  consciousness  of  each  one  of  us. 
This  is  an  exercise  which  we  ought,  strictly  speak- 
ing, to  perform  for  ourselves  ;  but  life  goes  too 
fast :  we  cannot  get  fairly  abreast  of  our  own  ex- 
perience :  perhaps,  after  all,  the  writers  who  make 
us  turn  up  and  down  and  realize  the  things  we 
take  for  granted  do  us  as  great  a  service  as  those 
who  tell  us  new  things.  Mr.  Sapir's  book  on 
Language  is  largely  of  this  reflective,  familiar  kind. 
It  is  a  sort  of  dogmatic  meditation  on  linguistic 
commonplaces,  some  pages  of  which  run  down 
into  sheer  absurdity,  and  some  statements  of 
which  are  disputable.  Take  this,  for  instance  : 
"  As  a  matter  of  fact,  no  sooner  do  we  try  to  put 
an  image  into  conscious  relation  with  another 
[one  sees  what  he  means]  than  we  find  ourselves 
slipping  into  a  silent  flow  of  words."  Now,  do 
we — invariably  ?  We  very  much  doubt  whether 
any  constructive  thinker  when  at  work — say  an 
artist,  mechanician  or  mathematician — experi- 
ences that  "silent  flow."  In  some  people  the 
vividness  of  visual  images  seems  actually  to 
inhibit  words.  We  have  all  heard  the  complaint 
of  those  who  cannot  put  into  speech  what  they 
undoubtedly  know  and  clearly  see  in  their  own 
minds.  And,  again,  how  many  think  by  dia- 
gram ;  see  places  in  their  relative  positions  on 
the  map  without  ever  breathing  "  north  "  and 
"  south "  to  themselves ;  or  recollect,  say,  a 
temperature-chart  without  any  verbal  account 
accompanying  the  recollection  ?  We  suspect 
this  insistence  on  a  "  flow  of  language  "  cornes 
from  theorists  who  have  not  sufficiently  considered 
the  processes  of  thought  at  high  pressure — pres- 
sure both  from  within  and  from  without. 

We  might  quarrel  amicably  with  Mr.  Sapir 
over  several  statements,  but  must  not  take  up 
the  whole  of  our  space  with  objections.  For  this 
little  treatise  is  readable,  contains  many  good 
remarks,  numerous  interesting  illustrations  drawn 
from  all  over  the  world,  and  an  abundance  of 
shots  in  the  way  of  ideas,  some  o£  which,  relating 
to  the  future,  remain  necessarily  untested,  but 
are  none  the  less  suggestive. 

Readings  in  English  Social  History  from  Con- 
temporary Literature.  Vol.  IV.  1603-1688. 
Edited  by  R.  B.  Morgan.  (Cambridge  Uni- 
versity Press.  4s.) 

THE  new  volume  of  this  useful  series  will  stand 
well  beside  the  others.  Some  few  extracts  seem 
to  us  hardly  representative  enough,  or  hardly  of 
sufficient  intrinsic  interest  and  weight  to  have 
a  place  in  so  small  a  collection  ;  but,  taken  as 
a  whole,  the  book  gives  a  lively  general  idea  of 
seventeenth-century  England.  Pepya  and  Evelyn 
are  the  sources  of  most  of  the  Restoration  pieces, 
and  Fynes  Moryson,  though  not  so  preponderantly, 


for  those  illustrating  the  earlier  Stuart  reigns. 
A  pleasant  excerpt  is  that  from  Laneham  on 
musical  instruments.  The  dozen  pictures  may 
also  be  commended. 


ERRATUM. — -I  apologize  most  sincerely  to  SIR 
LANUDON  BONYTHON,  his  many  friends,  and  the 
Editor  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  for  my  error.  It  arose  from 
my  not  finding  his  name  in  a  list  of  Knights 
Bachelor.  1  ought  to  have  looked  for  him  among 
the  K.C.M.G.'s.  EDWARD  BENSLY. 

University  College,  Aberystwyth. 


JJoticetf  to 

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1'avez  voulu,  George  Dahdin."  The  quotation  is 
correct,  and  the  reference  Act  I.,  sc.  vii.,  of 
Moliere's  '  George  Dandin.' 

H.  W. — •"  I  shall  pass  through  this  world  but 
once,"  &c.  The  origin  of  this  saying  has  br«vn 
discussed  often  and  at  considerable  length  in  our 
columns .  It  has  been  ascribed  to  Stephen  Grel  let , 
of  whom,  at  11  S.  v.  394,  MR.  A.  L.  HUMPHREYS 
and  MR-  DAVID  SALMON  give  short  accounts. 
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to  have  done  so.  The  references  in  '  N.  &  Q.' 
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xi.  60,  366 — 11  S.  x.  68,  154,  258,  289,  394.  A 
discussion  on  the  subject  will  be  found  in  '  Cas- 
sell's  Book  of  Quotations.'  It  seems  first  to  have 
struck  people's  minds  by  being  quoted  in  Drum- 
mond's  '  Greatest  Thing  in  the  World.' 


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401 


LONDON,  MAY  27.  1922. 


CONTENTS.— No.   215. 

NOTES  :— '  The  Trusty  Servant,'  401— A  Curious  Deed  of 
Obligation,  402— Marat  in  England,  403— Inscriptions  at 
St.  Peter's,  Bedford,  405— Abbot  Paslew  :  his  Place  of 
Execution,  407— Yorkshire  use  of  "  Thou  " — "  Monkey 
Trick  " — Elder  Folk-lore.  408. 

QUERIES  : — Hard-lying  Money— Mount  Morgan— Literary 
Allusions  in  the  Works  of  E.  A.  Poe,  408— Hemphill— "  Hay 
Silver  "• — The  Birmingham  Harcourts — Military  Term  : 
"  Raffaele  "  —  Hungary  Water  —  D'Anvers  Arms  Inn  : 
Pindar's  Bagnio — Reid  the  Mountebank— Ad ri  ui  Stokes, 
409— Thomas  Andrewes— Viscountess  Rochford— Hagen 
Family — Brass  Ornaments  on  Harness — Heraldic  :  Iden- 
tification, of  Arms  sought — The  Royal  Arms — Arms  and 
Crest,  Llmgollen — "  Intue  "• — Pudens — Magazine  Article 
wanted — Scott :  Reference  wanted — Author  wanted,  410. 

REPLIES  :— "  A  Robin  Hool  Wind,"  411— Wools,  The  Times 
Correspondent  in  Canada,  412 — An  Illustration  of  the 
Bestiary  ?— British  Settlers  in  America,  413— Rhymed 
History  of  England — Grandfather  and  Father  of  Sir  George 
Etherege  :  Addenda  et  Corrigenda — Roche  Sanadoire,  414 — 
Eighteenth-century  German  Principalities — English  Army 
Slang— Sweeney  Todd— Gillman  (or  Guillim)  Family,  415— 
William  Milburn— Mozeen  (Muzeen)  Family.  416 — Some 
Mid- Victorian  Coteries — "  Tight "  and  Other  Equine  Terms— 
Admiral  Sir  Charles  Cotton— Peel  Yates— Rope  of  San  I— 
Early  Victorian  Literature,  417— Wroth  Family,  418— 
The  Crossed  Keys  at  York,  419. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS :— '  Excursions  in  Victorian  Bibliography  ' 
— '  Anglo-Saxon  and  Norse  Poems  ' — •'  The  Letters  from 
George  W.  Eveleth  to  Edgar  Allan  Poe  '—A  Middle  English 
Vocabulary  ' — '  The  Ancient  Buildings  of  Folkestoi  e 
District.' 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


'THE    TRUSTY    SERVANT.' 

AMONG  the  many  souvenirs  of  Winchester 
there  are  few  more  interesting  and  more 
highly  prized  than  the  reproduction  of  the 
quaint  figure  of  '  The  Trusty  Servant.'  The 
original,  in  the  form  of  a  \ery  old  painting, 
is  hidden  in  the  gloomy  recesses  of  the 
College  buttery.  Reproduced  in  china,  with 
the  distinctive  colouring  of  the  Royal  Wind- 
sor livery,  suggested  by  King  George  III.* 
on  his  visit  to  College,  it  is  alike  unique  and 
suggestive  of  many  pleasant  associations. 
It  will  be  remembered  that  in  recent  years 
the  King,  desirous  of  bestowing  a  special 
mark  of  favour  on  Mr.  Arthur  Balfour  (now 
Lord  Balfour  of  Whittinghame),  sent  him 
the  Royal  Windsor  uniform.  As  a  Trusty 
Servant  of  the  State,  no  man  can  show  a 
better  title  to  wear  it. 


*  This  point  was  given  me  by  Mr.  Kirby,  the 
buiv>ar  and  historian  of  College. 


Some  years  ago  a  photograph  of  the  pic- 
ture at  College  was  taken  with  considerable 
difficulty  and  published  locally.  The  photo- 
grapher" was  a  Mr.  Green,  or  Greene,  and 
there  is  reason  to  believe  that  it  was  he  who 
was  afterwards  acknowledged  as  the  inventor 
of  the  kinematograph.  It  will  be  remem- 
bered that  kinematograph  entertainments 
were  given  at  St.  John's  Rooms,  Winchester, 
in  the  very  early  days  of  the  art,  under  the 
management  of  Mr.  Doody,  of  the  College 
choir.  One  well  remembers  the  reproduc- 
tion, for  instance,  of  the  procession  at  the 
Diamond  Jubilee  of  Queen  Victoria,  in  1897. 
The  art  was  then  in  a  very  early  stage, 
though  the  reproductions  were  decidedly 
good.  Some  of  the  reels  of  those  days 
have  a  historic  interest  if  they  could  be 
traced.  Here  also  the  serrated  silver  screen 
was  used  by  Mr.  Dexter,  manager  of  the 
gas-works,  who  took  up  lantern  work  as  a 
hobby,  and  got  some  very  fine  effects. 

If  the  Mr.  Green  who  photographed  suc- 
cessfully *  The  Trvisty  Servant  '  at  College 
were  the  same  man  as  the  inventor  of  the  kine- 
matograph, it  would  show  that  Winchester 
has  a  distinct  and  interesting  link  with  a 
movement  which  has  done  much  to  revolu- 
tionize pictorial  art,  apart  from  its  in- 
estimable commercial  value.  The  inventor, 
it  will  be  recalled,  died  in  recent  years  in 
Brooke  Street,  Holborn,  the  scene  of  the 
tragic  death  of  the  poet  Chatterton,  the 
"  marvellous  boy  "  whose  genius  was  not 
recognized  until  too  late,  and  whom  Horace 
Walpole  so  callously  "  turned  down." 

The  poetry  attached  to  the  picture,  as 
sold  in  post-card  form,  hardly  comes  up  to 
the  high  level  of  the  Wiccamical  poetic 
standard.  *  It  does  not  scan  well  ;  there  are 
false  rhymes  and  other  inelegances.  The 
following  is  suggested  as  a  more  finished 
inscription  as  far  as  scansion  is  concerned, 
at  the  same  time  retaining  with  due  con- 
servatism the  quaint  allusiveness  of  the 
wording  :  — 

A  Trusty  Servant's  portrait  :    well-a-day  ! 
This  emblematic  figure  please  survey  ;  — 
The  Porker's  snout,  not  "  nice  "  in  diet  shows  ; 
The  Padlock's  shut  —  no  secrets  he'll  disclose  ; 
Patient  as  Ass,  he'll  master's  burdens  bear  ; 
Swiftness  on  errands  the  Stag's  feet  declare  ; 
His  loaded  Left-hand,  apt  to  labour  saith  ; 
The  Vest  his  neatness  ;   Open  Hand  his  Faith  ; 
Girt  with  Court  Sword,  his  Shield  upon  his  arm, 
Himself  and  Master  he'll  protect  from  harm. 

.    DlNNEFOBD    GOMAN, 


Formerly  Editor,  Hampshire  Notes 
and  Queries. 


402 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [i2S..x.MAY27, 1022. 


A    CURIOUS    DEED    OF    OBLIGATION 

OF  this  singular  bond  I  have  had  an  exacl 
copy  among  my  papers  for  some  years.  As 
an  example  of  a  state  of  parochial  super 
vision  and  control  which  has  passed  away 
it  deserves  permanent  record,  I  think,  in 
the  pages  of  '  N.  &  Q.' 

At  the  top  of  the  bond  there  is  a  double 
court  stamp.  The  device  is  the  Tudor  rose 
within  the  encircling  Garter  and  Motto — 
Honi  soit,  &c.  It  is  surmounted  by  a  roya 
crown.  Lower  down,  within  the  field  of  the 
stamp  to  the  left,  there  is  a  capital  F,  and 
in  base  the  price  of  the  stamp — vi  PENCE. 

The  bond  is  in  Latin  couched  in  quite 
medieval  fashion,  but  the  condition  is  in 
homely  English,  albeit  writ  by  a  legal  hand 
with  tautological  exactitude.  Bond  and 
condition  occupy  one  page  of  foolscap. 
The  date  of  the  instrument  is  July  26,  1705. 

"Novi'nt   univ'si    p'sentes    nos   Johem 

N et    Andream  N —    -  de   Leonard - 

Stanley  in  com'  Glouc'  Textores  tener' 
et  firmit'  obligar'  Joh'i  Beard  et  Joh'i 
Hemmin  Ecclesic  Guardianis  de  Leonard- 
Stanley  p'd'  et  Rob'to  Sandford  Gen'r'o 
et  Joh'i  Carpenter  Pauperu'  Curatoribus 
de  ead'  in  Quadragint'  Libris  bone  et 
leg'lis  Monete  Angl'  sol  vend'  iisd'  Joh'i 
Beard .  Joh'i  Hemmin  Rob't'  Sandford 

successor!!/ 

et  Joh'i'  Carpenter  aut  suis  /\  cert' 
Attornat'  Executorib'  Admin' b'  vel  As- 
signat'  suis  ad  quam  quid'  solut'onem 
bene  et  fidelit'  faciend'  obligamus  nos 
et  utrumq'  n'rum  p'  se  p'toto  et  in  solido 
Hered'  Executores  et  Adrnin'res  ii'r's 
firmit'  p'sentes  sigiJlis  n'ris  sigillat'. 
Dat'  vicesimo  sexto  die  Julii  Anno  r'ni 
Dom'te  n'rse  Annae  Dei  gra'  Angl'  Scot' 
Franc'  et  Hib'nise  R'nae  fidei  defensor' 
&c  quart'  Annoq'  Dom'i  1705. 

"  The  Condition  of  this  Obligation  is  such 
that  whereas  Rebecca  ye  Daughter  of  the 
said  John  N—  -  and  Sister  of  the. said 
Andrew  N — - —  is  with  child  and  intends 
(by  God's  permission)  to  be  delivered 
of  the  same  within  ye  above  .said  Parish 
of  Leonard-Stanley  Now  if  the  said 
John  N—  -  and  Andrew  N—  -  their 
heires  and  Executors  or  Admin's  or  any 
or  either  of  them  shall  from  time  to  time 
&  at  all  times  hereafter  fully  and  clearly 
acquit  discharge  and  save  harmless  as 
well  the  above-named  John  Beard  John 
Hemmin  Rob'  Sandford  and  John  Car- 


his  mark 


ANDREW  N 


penter  Church-wardens  &  Overseers  of 
the  said  Parish  &  their  successors  for  ye 
time  being  as  also  all  the  Inhabitants  & 
Parishioners  of  the  said  Parish  which  now 
are  or  hereafter  shall  be  for  ye  time  being 
and  every  of  them  of  and  from  all  and  all 
manner  of  costs  charges  and  expenses 
whoever  which  shall  or  may  in  any  manner 
of  wise  at  any  time  hereafter  arise  happen 
come  grow  or  be  imposed  upon  them  or 
any  of  them  for  and  by  reason  or  means 
of  the  birth  education  or  nourishing  of  the 
said  child  whether  male  or  female  And 
of  &  from  all  other  actions  suits  charges 
troubles  impeachments  and  demands  who- 
ever touching  and  concerning  the  same 
That  then  this  Obligation  to  be  void  &  of 
none  effect  else  to  remain  and  abide  in  full 
force  and  virtue. 

Sealed      and      de- 
livered (ye  impres-      JOHN — N- 

sion  of  y9   double 

stamp     appearing, 

the  word  also  [suc- 

cessoribus]      being 

interlined)    first  in 

ye  presence  of 

JNO  TAYLOR. 
her  mark  X  :  MARY  BURDOCK." 

Though  the  above -quo  ted  deed  is  of  the 
usual  form  of  bond  with  one  surety  (in  this 
case  the  son)  for  the  faithful  performance  of 
the  duties  specified,  yet  it  is  curious  in  respect 
of  its  bilingual  character  and  of  its  extra- 
ordinary subject,  while  to  the  lay  mind  it 
seems  also  strange  that  the  father  of  the 
expected  child  is  nowhere  defined.  Perhaps 
the  fair  but  frail  Rebecca  had  been  sojourn- 
ing in  a  far  country,  and  had  now  returned, 
like  the  Prodigal  Son,  to  her  father's  house. 

CHRISTENING,  ANNO  1705 — Sept.  17.  Jno  ye 
son  of  Rebecka  N was  baptized.* 

The  principal  and  his  son  were  apparently 
poor  village  weavers,  so  that  the  sum  in 
which  they  bound  themselves,  viz.,  £40, 
representing  in  the  days  of  Queen  Anne  a  far 
larger  sum,  would  have  told  heavily  upon 
them  ;  but  no  doubt  the  estimate  of  the 
cost  of  the  upbringing  of  the  unwelcome 
hild  had  been  fairly  and  thoroughly  thought 
out. 

Of  the  witnesses,  it  is  only  necessary  to 
add  that  John  Taylor  was  the  minister  of 
the  parish,  and  that,  of  the  other  persons 
lamed,  Robert  Sandford,  gentleman,  was 
ihe  impropriator  of  the  old  Priory  lands, 


*  Parish  Register. 


2 S.X.MAY 27, 1022.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


403 


the  lay  rector  of  the  church,  and  the  patron  ! 
of  j  the  living — but  not  the  squire,  by  the  j 
way  ;  he  was  William  Whitmore  of  Apley,  Co.  I 
Salop,  but  then  residing,  I  think,  at  Nether  I 
Slaughter,  Co.  Glos.,  of  which  manor  his! 
family,  sprung  from  an  ancient  Staffordshire 
stock,  were  then  also  lords. 

CHABLES  SWYNNERTON. 


MARAT   IN   ENGLAND. 

(See  ante,  p.  381.) 
IN  the  same  year  Jean  Paul  published, 
again  anonymously  and  in  English,  the  first 
and  perhaps  most  ambitious  of  all  his 
political  manifestos,  '  The  Chains  of 
Slavery,'  wherein,  the  title  page  announces, 
"  the  clandestine  and  villainous  attempts 
of  Princes  to  ruin  liberty  are  pointed  out 
and  the  dreadful  scenes  of  despotism  dis- 
closed." To  this  was  prefixed  an  '  Address 
to  the  Electors  of  Great  Britain  '  designed 
to  influence  their  choice  of  representatives 
at  the  General  Election  in  the  autumn  of 
that  year.  The  work  itself  had  been  an- 
nounced in  London  early  in  May,  both  in 
Wood/all's  Public  Advertizer  and  The  Gen- 
tleman's Magazine,  at  the  price  of  12s.,  and 
on^the  28th  of  that  month  The  Newcastle 
Chronicle  reports  the  receipt  there  of  several 
copies  "  presented  by  an  unknown  donor 
to  the  Bricklayers'  Company,  the  Goldsmiths' 
Company,  and  the  Lumber  Troop."  Previous 
to  its  arrival,  Mr.  Clephanr  states, 
there  had  been  organized  in  Newcastle  three 
Reformatory  Clubs  :  the  Constitutional,  the 
Independent  (meeting  at  Shelville's  in  the  Bigg 
Market),  and  a  third  Society  of  Patriots  (meeting 
at  Hume's  in  the  Close),  and  no  doubt  these 
associations  were  also  among  the  recipients  of  the 
book. 

In  a  notice  prefixed  to  the  French  edition 
of  this  work,  published  in  Paris  in  1792, 
Jean  Paul  supplies  his  admirers  with  a 
highly  coloured  account  of  its  advent  in 
England  18  years  earlier.  After  assuring 
them  that  it  was  the  product  of  "  21  hours' 
toil  a  day  and  the  excessive  use  of  black 
coffee,"  he  relates  that  Lord  North  and  the 
British  Government,  recognizing  its  political 
importance,  had  from  the  first  left  no  stone 
unturned  to  hinder  its  publication  and 
thwart  its  success.  Persecuted  by  the 
authorities,  his  footsteps  dogged,  and  even 
his  private  correspondence  seized,  he  was 
forced,  he  declares,  to  sleep  for  six  weeks 
with  pistols  under  his  pillow  to  avoid  arrest. 
After  this,  to  mislead  his  pursuers,  he 
journeyed  to  Holland,  returning  from 
whence,  some  time  later,  he  stayed  three 


weeks  at  Carlisle,  Berwick  and  Newcastle, 
in  order  to  visit  the  various  clubs  to  which 
he  had  previously  sent  his  book.  Every- 
where, we  are  told,  he  was  feted.  Letters 
of  affiliation  to  these  institutions  were  pre- 
sented to  him  in  a  golden  casket,  and  in 
particular  Newcastle  subscribed  and  returned 
to  him  the  entire  cost  of  his  magnum  opus. 
But  alas,  his  golden  box  was  stolen  by  the 
myrmidons  of  the  Government,  which 
latter,  he  learns,  had  already  disbursed 
more  than  8,000  guineas  in  order  to  get  his 
work  hung  up  until  the  General  Election 
was  over  ('  Les  Chaines  de  1'Esclavage,'  p. 
10).  It  would  have  been  highly  satisfactory, 
needless  to  say,  if  some  indication,  however 
slight,  of  these  spectacular  happenings  had 
managed  to  filter  into  the  columns  of  the 
local  Press,  or  other  records  of  the  day  ; 
but  unfortunately  no  trace  of  them  exists, 
and  even  his  most  benevolent  biographers 
are  constrained  to  admit  that  here  Jean 
Paul  probably  drew  largely  upon  his  imagina- 
tion (Cabanes,  pp.  58-60;  De  Witt,  pp,  31- 
2).  The  true  chronicle  of  '  The  Chains,' 
indeed,  appears  to  have  been  a  very  different 
affair.  Received  in  chilling  silence,  unsold, 
and  even  unreviewed,  the  whole  edition, 
the  author  elsewhere  confesses,  was  practi- 
cally given  away  to  the  various  patriotic 
societies  which  had  sprung  up  in  the  north 
of  England,  largely,  perhaps,  through  his  own 
initiative  ('  Les  Chaines  de  1'Esclavage, 
p.  9).  On  the  other  hand,  the  journey  to 
Holland,  which  did,  apparently,  occur,  was 
in  all  probability  undertaken  not  to  evade 
arrest,  but  to  arrange  for  the  publication 
by  Rey  of  Amsterdam  of  the  French  edition 
of  '  The  Philosophical  Essay  on  Man,' 
which  duly  appeared  in  the  following  spring. 
Rey  had  been  Rousseau's  publisher,  and  was 
no  doubt  chosen  for  that  special  reason. 

The  above  events  bring  us  to  the  end,  or 
nearly  the  end,  of  1774.  There  still  remains, 
however,  to  chronicle  the  sojourn  of  Jean 
Paul  in  Edinburgh,  which  is  said  to  have 
occurred  in  this  year.  In  a  former  issue 
of  the  '  Encyclopaedia  Britannica  '  it  is 
remarked  :  "  We  find  him  in  Edinburgh  in 
1774,  supporting  himself  by  giving  lessons 
in  French "  (8th  ed.,  vol.  xiv.  p.  294)  ; 
and  Lord  Brougham,  in  a  note  upon  Marat 
('Historical  Sketches/  vol.  iii.,  p.  108), 
Lamartine  in  his  '  History  of  the  Girondins, 
and  the  '  Biographic  Universelle  '  all  make 
similar  assertions,  but  without  in  any  case 
giving  their  authorities  or  a  more  precise 
date.  In  the  Farington  '  Diary,'  too,  the 
writer,  quoting  Bonomi,  who  apparently 


404 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [12  s.x.  MAY  27, 1022. 


spoke  from  personal  knowledge,  says  that 
Marat  "  went  to  Edinburgh  in  1774  and 
returned  in  1775,"  adding,  "'  he  there  took 
a  degree,  or  said  he  did"  (Dec.  6,  1793). 
Now  if  all  these  references  relate  to  the 
same  visit,  which  is  probable,  the  journey 
must  have  been  made  very  late  in  1774, 
for  he  was  in  Amsterdam,  as  we  have  seen, 
on  Oct.  12  of  that  year,  and  on  his  return 
passed  "  three  weeks  in  Carlisle,  Berwick  and 
Newcastle."  The  Edinburgh  visit,  there- 
fore, must  have  been  paid  in  November  or 
December,  1774,  most  likely  as  an  extension 
of  this  journey,  and  have  lasted  till  the  early 
autumn  of  1775,  for  Jean  Paul  in  his  Eye 
tract  speaks  of  being  in  Edinburgh  in  the 
August  of  the  latter  year,  where  he  treated 
a  patient  for  some  weeks,  and  of  then  being 
called  back  to  London  (p.  44).  If,  however, 
there  were  two  Scotch  visits,  the  former 
must  have  taken  place  before  May,  1774,  at 
which  date  he  was  busy  launching  his 
'  Chains  of  Slavery,'  and  the  latter  at  the 
end  of  that  year,  as  indicated  above. 

In  1775  an  event  of  considerable  import- 
ance occurred  in  Jean  Paul's  career,  for  we 
find  that  while  in  Scotland  there  was  con- 
ferred upon  him,  on  June  30,  the  degree  of 
M.D.  of  St.  Andrews  University.  This  was 
practically  an  honorary  degree,  awarded 
without  examination  ;  and  it  cannot  be  too 
strongly  emphasized  that,  in  spite  of  his 
boast  of  "  Docteuren  medecine  de  plusieurs 
facultes  d'Angleterre,"  he  obtained  through- 
out his  careeer  no  other  medical  diploma 
whatever,  whether  in  England,  Scotland, 
Ireland,  or  France  (Reprint  of  '  Essay  on 
Gleets,'  1891,  Introd.  by  J.  B.  Bailey, 
Librarian,  Roy.  Coll.  of  Surg.).  This  point 
is  the  more  important  since  most  of  his 
biographers  assume  not  only  that  he  may 
have  received  other  degrees  elsewhere,  but 
that  for  many  years  he  enjoyed  a  flourishing 
practice  in  a  fashionable  district  in  London, 
a  claim  that  Jean  Paul  himself  tries  hard 
to  sustain.  What,  however-,  are  the  facts  ? 
Prior  to  the  grant  of  the  above  degree,  Jean 
Paul,  as  a  wholly  unlicensed  medical  prac- 
titioner, was  subject  to  serious  disabilities 
by  English  law,  for  under  the  statutes 
3  Hen.  VIII.,  c.  11,  and  14  and  15  Hen.  VIII., 
c.  5.,  the  former  of  which  is  still  unrepealed, 
no  person  might  practise  as  physician  or 
surgeon  within  the  City  of  London,  or  seven 
miles  round  it,  without  the  licence  of  the 
Bishop  of  London  or  Dean  of  St.  Paul's, 
made  on  the  recommendation  of  four  doctors 
in  physics  and  other  experts  in  surgery,  or 
outside  those  limits,  in  England  and  Wales, 


without  the  licence  of  the  Bishop  of  the 
diocese  or  his  Vicar-General,  after  similar 
recommendations — under  a  penalty  of  £5 
for  each  month  of  such  practice.  After- 
wards, the  above  powers  of  examination 
became  vested,  as  to  medicine  in  the  College 
of  Physicians  and  as  to  surgery  in  the 
Company  of  Surgeons,  precursor  of  the 
existing  College.  From  1765  to  1775, 
therefore,  it  would  have  been  illegal  for 
Jean  Paul  to  have  practised  either  medicine 
or  surgery  in  England  without  the  licence 
of  these  authorities,  which,  needless  to  say, 
he  never  obtained ;  nor  could  he  have 
recovered  any  fees  in  respect  of  such  prac- 
tice. What,  then,  was  the  effect  of  the  St. 
Andrews  degree  ?  From  a  literary  and 
scientific  standpoint  it  conferred,  without 
doubt,  a  much-needed  prestige  upon  a 
hitherto  obscure  aspirant ;  and  accordingly, 
the  moment  he  is  able  to  write  M.D.  after 
his  name,  the  V  Dr.  Marat  "  (spelt  now,  it  is 
to  be  noticed,  with  a  t)  "  of  Church  Street, 
Soho,"  is  almost  ostentatiously  paraded. 
Books  at  first  published  anonymously  are 
now,  at  much  expense,  re-issued,  not 
because  of  their  success,  but  pardonably, 
perhaps,  to  obtrude  the  new  professional 
style  ;  while  not  only  his  two  medical  tracts, 
which  followed  closely  on  its  acquisition, 
that  on  '  Gleets,'  Nov.  21,  1775,  and  that  on 
'  A  Singular  Disease  of  the  Eye  produced 
by  Mercurial  Preparations,'  on  Jan.  1,  1776, 
but  any  subsequent  works  issued  in  England 
could  now  appear  bearing  a  definite  author- 
ship and  location.  From  a  professional 
point  of  view,  however,  the  St.  Andrews 
degree  was  subject  to  important  limitations, 
for  it  conferred  no  licence  whatever  to 
exercise  the  calling  of  medicine  or  surgery 
in  England.  In  the  eye  of  the  law,  there- 
fore, Jean  Paul  remained  still  an  unqualified 
practitioner,  subject  to  the  full  statutory 
penalties,  unable  to  sue  for  fees,  and  liable, 
without  redress,  to  be  stigmatized  as  a 

?uack  and  impostor  (Collins  v.  Carnegie, 
Ad.  and  E.,  695).  Thus,  while  on  the 
literary  side  he  was  eager  enough  to  exploit 
the  new  distinction,  on  the  professional 
it  was  risky  too  openly  to  obtrude  it.  In 
these  circumstances  it  is  not,  perhaps, 
surprising  that  his  name  is  to  be  found  in 
no  local  directory,  nor  any  professional 
record  or  even  social  memoir  of  the  time. 
Mr.  Horace  Bleackley,  the  biographer  of 
Wilkes,  remarks : — 

Had  he  been  both  a  distinguished  scientist 
and  a  man  of  advanced  political  views,  one  would 
have  expected  him  to  come  in  contact  with 


12  S.  X.  MAY  27,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


405 


Wilkes,  who  had  always  a  warm  welcome  for 
any  Frenchman  of  liberal  opinions.  From  1770 
onwards,  Wilkes  kept  a  diary  in  which  he  entered 
the  names  of  nearly  every  person  with  whom  he 
dined,  but  although  innumerable  foreigners  are 
mentioned,  I  have  failed  to  discover  the  name  of 
Marat.  ...  In  1775,  being  the  friend  of  d'Hol- 
bach,  d'Alembert  and  Helvetius,  it  seems 
impossible  that  he  should  have  failed  to  become 
acquainted  with  Marat,  if  that  person  was  then 
a  doctor  of  reputation  in  England  (12  S.  iii. 
343,  June,  1917). 

Mr.  Morse  Stephens,  a  warm  admirer  of 
Jean  Paul,  has  been  equally  unable  to  trace 
him  in  any  contemporary  chronicle.  Never- 
theless, to  a  small  coterie  of  foreigners 
then  domiciled  in  London  he  appears  to 
have  been  fairly  well  known.  Chief  among 
these,  as  mentioned  above,  were  the  Italians, 
Zucchi  the  artist  and  Bonomi  the  architect  ; 
while,  as  a  pupil  of  the  former,  Hamilton, 
the  future  Academician,  also  frequently  met 
Marat.  At  Zucchi's  house,  it  seems,  there 
was  always  a  knife  and  fork  laid  for  the 
necessitous  ami  du  peuple,  and  their 
intimacy  was  further  cemented  by  repeated 
borrowings  on  the  part  of  the  guest,  totalling, 
in  all,  some  £500,  advances  which,  we  may 
conjecture,  enabled  him  to  finance  his 
various  literary  ventures,  but  which,  it  is 
to  be  noticed,  he  was  never  in  a  position  to 
repay.  Zucchi,  a  man  of  estimable  charac- 
ter, was  about  this  time  (1775)  courting 
Angelica  Kauffmann,  for  whom,  like  many 
of  his  contemporaries,  he  had  a  deep  admira- 
tion, and  whom,  after  the  death  of  her  un- 
worthy husband,  he  married,  and  he  fre- 
quently took  Marat  with  him  in  the  evenings 
when  he  visited  her  (Farington's  '  Diary,' 
Oct.  26,  1793).  Marat,  if  we  are  to  believe 
himself,  requited  the  hospitality  and  bene- 
factions of  his  friend  by  a  peculiarly  base 
form  of  treachery,  viz.,  the  seduction  of 
the  latter's  fiancee.  At  least  such  was  his 
boast  made  some  years  later  to  Brissot 
and  recorded  in  the  latter's  '  Memoirs ' 
(vol.  i.,  p.  336).  Whether  this  allegation 
was  true,  or,  as  is  far  more  probable,  was 
merely  a  libel  invented  to  enhance  his  own 
prestige,  his  conduct  in  either  event  seems 
to  have  been  almost  equally  despicable. 

We  have  seen  that,  until  1775,  Jean  Paul, 
in  his  various  publications,  had  scrupulously 
preserved  his  anonymity,  but  that  after 
the  St.  Andrews  degree  the  reasons  for  this 
had  largely  diminished  It  is  to  be  observed, 
however,  that  his  address,  changed  now 
from  St.  Martin's  Lane  to  "  Church  Street, 
Soho,"  is  still  involved  in  some  obscurity, 
for  the  local  records  from  1763  to  1779 


contain  no  mention  whatever  of  any  Jean 
Paul  Marat  at  "Church  Street,  Soho," 
ither  as  householder,  ratepayer  or  occupier. 
A  person  named  Abraham  Marot  (not 
Marat)  did,  however,  occupy  a  house  at  32, 
Church  Street,  now  merged  in  Kettner's 
Restaurant,  from  1763  until  1767,  when  he 
was  succeeded  by  his  widow,  who  continued 
there  until  1779,  before  which  date  she  had 
apparently  re -married,  for  she  is  latterly 
named  Mrs.  Marot  Noah,  and  finally  Mrs. 
Noah.  Whether  a  relative  or  not  of  these 
people,  and  whether  sheltering  at  32  or  else- 
where, he  was  thus  probably  never  more 
than  a  lodger  at  the  vague  address  of 
Church  Street,  Soho." 

SIDNEY   L.  PHIPSON. 
(To  be  continued.) 


MONUMENTAL       INSCRIPTIONS        IN 

BEDFORD    CHURCHES,    CHAPELS 

AND   BURIAL-GROUNDS. 

ST.  PETER  DE  MEBTON. 

(See  ante,  pp.  325,  365.) 

44.  4£yds.    w.    from    41    on    a    t.u.s.  ;     w.f.e. 
In   memory   of    Selina    Pressland,    daughter    of 
John  &  Eliz.  Maria  Pressland,  who  died  January 
23rd,  1838,  aged  4  years  9  months. 

"  Little  little  Children,  Jesus  cried, 

Come  and  behold  my  face. 
O  Lord,  I  come,  do  not  despise 
A  child  that  seeks  thy  grace." 

45.  On  a  long  ob.  wh.  s.  altar  tomb  close  to 
east  window  of  chancel,  this  and  No.  44  are  on  west 
side  of  gravel  path  which  leads  from  west  round 
north  and  east  sides  of  church  and  meets  another 
gravel  path  on  south  side,  the  latter  of  which  leads 
from  s.  entrance  of  churchyard  to  small  door  on 
south  side  of  chancel. 

s.  Sub  hoc  tumulo  depositae  sunt  mortales 
exuviae  Reverendi  viri  Nicolai  Aspinall,*  A.M. 
Apud  Standon  in  agro  Lancastrensi  nati  In 
Schola  Gram :  de  Clithero  in  eodem  educati. 
Collegii  Immanuelis  apud  Cantabrigiensis  alumni, 
quod  centum  libris  per  Testamentum  gratitudinis 
ergo  donavit,  charissimi  viri  Edmundi  Castelli 
olim  amanuensis  quippe  linguarum  orientalimn 
periti  .  .  .  docti,  ludi  liteiarii  qui  est  in  hoc 
oppido  non  ita  pi-idem  .  .  .  Eidem  Collegio 
Noyo  Sve.  Ste.  Mariae  apud  Oxon  :  praepositi. 
Cui  collegio  etiam  centum  libras  per  testamentum 
dono  dedit. 


*  Rev.  Nicholas  Aspinall,  A.M.,  rector  171 1- 
1727,  was  a  friend  of  the  Rev.  Edmund  Castell, 
rector  of  Higham  Gob  ion,  Beds.,  and  editor 
of  the  Polyglot  Bible.  His  tomb  is  close  to  the 
east  window.  The  wording  of  the  inscription  is 
fast  perishing,  and  it  is  hoped  funds  will  be  forth- 
coming so  that  the  tomb  can  be  renovated. 
Barton-le-Cley  registers  record  the  marriage  of 
Nicholas  Aspinall,  Clerke,  and  Elizab.  Kings, 
gentlewo.,  on  May  24,  1684. 


406 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [12 S.X.MAY 27, 1022. 


e.  Viro  optimo  meliora  merito  hoc  monumen- 
tum  erexit  Moerens  Soror  Dna.  Priscilla  Whalley, 
septuaginta  annos  nato,  nonis  octobris  denato, 
s^xto  idus  sepulto,  anno  salutis  humanae.  1727. 

n.  Hujus  ecclesiae  nuper  rectoris  fidelissimi, 
in  tuendis  ejus  juribus  strenuissimi  :  erga  Deum 
pii  :  sibi  duri  :  amicis  percari  :  omnibus  facilis  ac 
benevoli  :  morum  gravitate  venerandi,  viri  .  .  . 
si  quis  alius  amantissimi,  humilis,  modesti, 
ac  injuriarum  patientissimi,  contemptoris  mundi 
valde,  et  celestia  anhelantis,  Ecclesiae,  Patriae, 
Monarchiaeque  Anglicanae  cultoris  inflexibilis. 

w.  Blank. 

46.  1  £yd.  s.  from  43  on  a  s.u.s. :  words  f.w.  but 
much   perished,  s.  broken    in   half    from    top  to 
bottom.     Here  .  .  .  body  of   Thomas  T  ...  he 
dep.  .  .  .  55th  yea.  of  his  age. 

"When  ...  th  ...  yemus  .  .  .  ndpa  .  .  ." 

47.  1ft.  s.  from  46  on  an  ob.  s.  altar  tomb  which 
has  a  sundial  fixed  on  west  end  of  same  at  top. 

w.  In  memory  of  Susanna,*  wife  of  Carlton 
Harcourt,  Esqr.  who  depa  .  .  .  d  this  life  the 
2(1  ?)  of  December,  1758,  aged  5 6  years. 

s.e.  and  n.  sides.  Blank. 

At  east  end  of  this  tomb  a  foot-stone  is 
placed  insc.  as  under  :  A.  H.,  1836  [Ann  Hale, 
Feb.  17,  or  Alfred  Haselham,  March  16] ;  W.  H., 
18 10  [no  one  with  these  initials  in  the  register  for 
1810];  and  on  north  side  of  same  are  four  foot- 
stones  as  below,  without  dates  :  J.  K.  B.  ;  M.  B.  ; 
II.  B.  ;  E.  B. 

48.  2|yds.    s.e.    from    47   on   a   t.u.s.  ;     w.f.w. 
Sacred    to    the    memory    of    Joseph    Covington, 
who  departed  this  life  on  the  4th  of  December, 
1828,  aged  58  years. 

•*'  Farewell  vain  world,  I've  had  enough  of  thee, 
And  now  am  careless  what  thou  say'st  of  me  ; 
Thy  smiles  I  count  not,  nor  thy  frowns  I  fear, 
I  am  now  at  rest,  my  head  lies  silent  here." 

49.  1ft.    s.    from    48  ;     s.w.f.     In    memory    of 
William  Braybrooks,t    who   died   May   30,   1766, 
aged  (5  ?)0  years.    Reader. 

50.  2|yds.    e.   from    47   on   a   m.u.s.  ;     w.f.w., 
much  sunk  in  ground.     Henry  Smith,  died  Oct. 
1st.  1846,  aged  76  years. 

51.  6yds.  ruw.   from    50   and   l£yd.  s.  from  47 
on    a    s.u.s.  ;     w.f.w.     In    memory    of    William 
Saunders,  who  died  July  17,  1809,  aged  67  years. 

"  Blessed  are  the  dead  which  die  in  the  Lord." 

52.  4yds.  s.   from   51   on  a  s.u.s.  :    w.f.e.     In 
memory  of  Elizabeth  Surridge,  the  wife  of  Thomas 
Surridge,  who  died  August  *27,  1807,  aged  62  years. 

"  Let  friends  no  more  my  suffering  mourn, 
Nor  view  my  grave  with  a  concern ; 
O  cease  to  drop  the  pitying,  tear 
.   .   .  got  beyond  the  reach  of  fear." 

53.  1ft.  s.  from   52  on  a  s.u.s.  ;    w.f.e.   much 
sunk  in  ground.     In  memory  of   Thomas  ye  Son, 
of  Willm.   &  Sarah  Bass,  who  died  Feb.  ye  12, 
1771,  aged  9  months. 

54.  4|yds.  s.  from  53  on  a  s.u.s.  ;    w.f.w.     In 
memory  of  Martha. J  wife  of    Buckle  Smart,  who 

*  1758.  Susanna,  the  wife  of  G.  Gascoign  Har- 
court, of  the  parish  of  St.  Cuthbert,  was  buried 
Dec.  ye  28th. 

t  1766.  William  Braybrook  was  buried  June  1 
(age  not  recorded). 

J  1792.  Septr.  30,  Martha,  wife  of  Buckle  Smart 
from  S.  Paul's). 


died  Sept.  27,  1792,  aged  3(4  ?)  years.     Also  three 
of  their  children,  died  in  their  infancy. 

55.  2yds.   s.w.    from    54   on   a  m.u.s.  ;     w.f.w. 
To    the'  memory    of    Elizabeth    Whittaker,    who 
departed  this  life  on  the  thirteenth  of  July,  1820, 
aged  31  years.    There  is  a  foot-s.  in  front  of  this 
which  has  on  it  :  A.  F.,*  1829  ;  J.  F.,t  1836. 

56.  Sins.  n.  from  55  on  a  t.u.s.  ;    w.f.w.,  lower 
part  all  peeled  off.  "  I  look  for  the  resurrection  of 
the  dead  and  the  life  of  the  world  to  come."  Sacred 
to  the  memory  of  Joyce,  relict  of  the  late  John 
Grigg,   Esqr.,   formerly  a  surgeon  at  Bath,  who 
departed  th  .  .  . 

On  foot-stone:  J.  G.,  1844;  E.  E.,  1832; 
M.  E.,  18324 

57.  2|ft.  n.  from  56  on  a  s.u.s.  ;   w.f.e.  :    stone 
of    a    very    perishable    nature.     William    Leeds, 
died  Sept,  11,  17  (0  ?)  (3  ?),  in  7-  year  of  His  age. 
He  .  .  .  and  John  .  .  . 

58.  l£yd.  n.  from   57  on  a  t.u.s.  ;    w.f.w.     In 
memory  of  Sarah,  wife  of  Edward  Langley  of  this 
town,    surgeon,  who    died   June    8th,    1816,    aged 
44    years.     Frederick,    son    of    the    above,    born 
April  8th,    1809,  died  October   llth,    1824.     Also 
of  six  infant  children.     Ann,  second  wife  of  the 
above  Edward  Langley,  died  in  St.  John's  Parish, 
February  9th,  1849,  aged  86  years. 

59.  3Jyds.  w.  from  58  on  a  m.u.s.  ;    w.f.e.     In 
memory   of   Ann,    wife   of   Samuel   Francis,    who 
departed   this   life   October    25th,    1829,   aged    27 
years.     Also     John,     son    of    Saml.     and     Mary 
Francis,    died  April    18,    1836,   aged    1    year   and 
7    months.     (This  stone    is    broken    in    half    just- 
below  the  date  and  the  other  part  has  a  four-lined 
verse    or    text   which    is    almost    all  obliterated.) 

"Him  .  .  ." 

60.  7yds.    n.     from    59    on    a    m.u.s.  ;     w.f.w. 
Memorv  of  Robert  .  .  .  /s  on.§      He  departed  this 
life  May  ye  2(6?),  17(4  ?)3  in  ye    62  year  of  his 
age. 

61.  lyd.  s.   from   60  on  a  m.u.s.  ;    w.f.w.      In 
memory   of  Ann   Sisson,   who   departed   this   life 
on  the  13th  of  January,  1831,  aged  69  years. 

62.  2£ft.  s.  from  61,  ©n  a  m.u.s. ;    w.f.w.      In 
memory  of  Catherine,  wife  of  Charles  Covington, 
and    daughter    of    William    and    Kitty    Francis, 
who  departed  this  life  January   llth,   1847,  aged 
23   years.     "  Blessed  are  the  dead  which  die  in 
the  Lord."     Charles  Covington,||  died    November 
2nd,  18-7,  aged  25  years. 

63.  Close  to  62,  s.  from  it  on  a  m.u.s.  ;  w.f.w. 
In  memory  of   Maria,  the  wife  of   John   Francis 
and  daughter  of  Thomas  and  Sophia  Clare,  who 
departed  this  life  on  the  1st  of  June,  1846,  aged 

*  1829.  Anne  Francis,  Bedford,  October  29 ; 
27  yr.  G.  H.  Bowers,  P.  Curate  of  Elstow,  Beds. 

f  1836.  John  Francis,  St.  Paul's,  April  20th; 
20  months.  G.  A.  Burnaby,  Rector. 

J  1844.  No.  474.  Joyce  Gregg  Eastaff,  St.  Paul's, 
January  12th  ;  89.  G.  A.  Burnaby,  Rector. 

1832.  No.  262.  Emma  Frances  Eastaff,  St. 
Paul's,  Bedford,  September  27th,  1832;  14  years. 
Philip  Hunt,  Rector. 

1832.  No.  261.  Mary  Elizabeth,  St.  Paul's, 
Bedford,  September  27;  1832;  12  years.  Philip 
Hunt.  Rector. 

§  1743.     Buried,  Robert  (Weaver),  May  28th. 

||  1847.  Charles  Covington,  Well  Street,  Bed- 
ford, Novr.  5 ;  25  yrs.,  H.  B.  Worthington. 


12  S.X.  MAY  27,  1922.]  NOTES    AND     QUERIES. 


407 


35  years.  ".  .  .  ious  in  the  sight  of  the  Lord 
is  the  death  of  his  saints."  Thomas,*  son  of 
John  and  Maria  Francis,  died  April  1  .  .  .  ,  aged 
(3  ?)  years  and  (6  ?)  months. 

64.  Close  to  62,  s.  from  it  on  a  m.u.s.  ;  w.f.w. 
In     memory    of    Mary    Ann,    wife    of    William 
Francis,  and  daughter  of  Joseph  &  Mary  Lilley,  of 
this  place,  who  died  the  18th  Nov.,  1813,  aged  32 
years. 

"  Patient  and  meek  beneath  affliction's  rod. 
And  why  ?  her  faith  and  hope  were  fixed  on 

God. 

What  joy  when  she  resigned  her  breath 
For    as    her    eyelids    closed  —  she    smiles     in 
death." 

65.  Close  to  64,  s.  from  it  on  a  m.u.s.  ;  w.f.w. 
In  memory  of  Catherine,  wife  of  John  Francis 
(late   of    Wootton,  Beds),  who  departed  this  life 
Aug.  27th,  1842,  in  her  80th  year. 

"  At  evening  time  it  shall  be  light." 

66.  Close  to  65,  s.  from  it  on  a  m.u.s.  ;  w.f.w. 
In   memory  of    Catherine,!  daughter  of  William 
and  Kitty  Francis,  who  died  May  6,   1820,  aged 
(4  ?)3  years. 

"...  is  the  .  .  .  God." 
"  His  glorious  plans  will  all  be  known  above, 
Here  we  ca  .  .  .  may  trust  his  love. 
Farewell,  dear  Child,  we  hope  ere  long  to  meet 
And  bow  with  rapture  at  the  Saviour's  feet." 

67.  Close  to  66,  s.  from  it  on  a  m.u.s.  ;  w.f.w. 
In  memory  of  William,  son  of  Willm.  and  Kitty 
Francis,    who     departed    this    life    August     26th, 
1837,  aged  22  years. 

"  Behold,    he  taketh  away.     Who    can    hinder 
him  ?    Who  will  say  unto  him,  what  doest  thou  ?  " 

68.  Close  to  67,  s.  from  it  on  a  m.u.s.  ;  w.f.w. 
In  memory  of  John  Francis,  who  departed  this 
life  on  the  26th  of  July,  1851,  aged  41  years. 

"  His  end  was  peace." 

69.  Close  to  68,  s.  from  it  on  a  m.u.s.  ;  w.f.w. 
In  memory  of  William  Francis,  who  departed  this 
life  February  9th,    1848,  in  the  61st  year  of  his 
age.     Kitty    Francis,    wife    of    the    above,    died 
January  23rd,  1848,  aged  62  years. 

"  We  cannot,  Lord,  thy  purpose  see, 

But  all  is  well  that's  done  by  thee." 
62  to  69  inclusive  are  fixed  together  by  round 
iron  rods. 

L.  H.  CHAMBERS. 
(To  be  continued.) 


ABBOT  PASLEW  :  HIS  PLACE  OF  EXECUTION. 
— Will  the  site  of  this  gruesome  event  (1537) 
never  be  definitely  settled  ?  The  two  claim- 
ants for  the  locus  in  quo  are  Lancaster  and 
Whalley,  yet  apparently  neither  can  make 
good  its  claim.  The  protagonists  for  Lan- 
caster quote  Stow's  '  Chronicles,'  574  ; 
Letters  and  Papers,  Hen.  VIII.,  xii.  (i.), 
630  ;  State  Papers,  Hen.  VIII.  (Rec.  Com.), 


*  1848,  Thomas  Francis,  St.  Peter's,  April  16  ; 
3.  G.  A.  Burnaby,  Rector. 

t  1820,  Francis,  Catherine,  Bedford,  May  16th, 
1820;  14  years.  Joseph  Gould,  Curate  of  Newton 
Blossomville,  Bucks. . 


i.  542,  and  a  letter  of  the  Earl  of  Sussex 
from  Lancaster  to  Thomas  Cromwell,  March 
11,  1537,  with  the  King's  reply,  as  their 
j  authorities.  Prof.  Tait  supplies  these  re- 
I  ferences  in  an  article  '  On  the  Religious 
Houses  of  Lancashire '  in  the  '  Victoria 
History  of  the  County  of  Lancaster '  (vol. 
ii.  138),  edited  by  Dr.  W.  Farrar  and  Mr. 
J.  Brownbill  (1908).  The  latter  also  col- 
laborated with  Canon  R.  N.  Billington  in 
publishing  a  history  of  St.  Peter's,  Lancaster 
(1910),  which  further  endorses  this  view. 
On  the  other  hand,  the  Whalley  theory  is 
supported  by  Whittaker's  '  Whalley,'  i. 
109  (4th  ed.,  1872),  Dugdale's  '  Monasti- 
con,'  v.  637  (ed.  1846),  Baines's  '  Lancas- 
ter,' iii.  330,  and  Ainsworth's  '  Lancashire 
Witches.' 

Surmising  that  the  archives  of  Lancaster 
or  its  Castle  would  put  the  question  beyond 
any  further  futile  controversy,  I  communi- 
cated with  Mr.  T.  Cann  Hughes,  M.A., 
F.S.A.,  Town  Clerk  of  Lancaster,  with  the 
subjoined  result : — 

Some  years  ago,  when  the  Lancaster  Pageant 
was  being  considered,  the  question  of  the  con- 
nexion of  Abbot  Paslew  of  Whalley  with  Lancas- 
ter was  considered.  The  records  of  the  corpora- 
tion were  then  searched  without  success,  and  Mr. 
J.  Brownbill,  after  careful  investigation,  was  un- 
able to  find  anything  in  the  Castle  Records  with 
respect  to  the  matter.  There  are  none  of  these 
documents  here  now — they  were  removed  many 
years  ago  to  the  Record  Office,  and,  so  far  as  I 
know,  no  proper  calendar  of  them  is  in  existence. 
My  predecessor,  the  late  Mr.  Roper,  always  said 
that  Paslew  was  convicted  here  but  executed 
before  the  gate  of  his  Abbey  at  Whalley.  I 
think  you  wUl  find  this  in  the  book  which  he  con- 
tributed to  the  Chetham  Society  before  his  death. 

I  have  long  made  Mr.  Roper's  view  my 
own,  based  on  the  local  tradition,  voiced  by 
Ainsworth  and  still  existing  in  Whalley, 
and  on  the  absence  of  documentary  proof 
to  the  contrary  in  the  Lancaster  Records. 
Besides,  to  me  it  is  passing  strange  that 
(a  matter  of  history)  Monk  Hay  dock,  of  the 
Whalley  community,  who  was  tried  at  the 
same  time  with  his  Abbot  at  Lancaster, 
was  sent  to  Whalley  for  execution  on  March 
12  or  13.  If  one,  why  not  the  other  ?  A 
correspondent  to  The  Manchester  City  News 
of  Aug.  25,  1917,  more  ingeniously  than 
likely,  suggested  that 

the  conflicting  statements  of  historians  as  to  the 
execution  of  the  last  Abbot  of  Whalley  can  be  re- 
conciled if  we  may  safely  assume  that  Paslew  was 
executed  at  Lancaster  on  March  10,  and  his  body 
sent  to  Whalley  and  (in  the  barbarous  fashion  of 
the  times)  there  gibbeted  two  days  later.  The 
subsequent  burial  of  the  Abbot  in  the  Parish 
Church  of  Whalley  serves  to  support  this  reading. 


408 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[12  S.X.MAY  27,  1922. 


I  may  append  to  this  theory  the  initials 
Q.  E.  D.,  and  leave  it  for  what  it  is  worth. 
Mr.  Henry  Taylor,  in  his  '  Ancient  Crosses 

of  Lancashire'   (1906),  p.   81,  is  of  opinion  j  formation  on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
that  it  was  at  Wiswell  (the  Abbot's  birth-  |  ^°  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries 


WE   must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 


place)  that  the  execution  took  place,  distant 
about  one  mile  in  a  north-easterly  direction 
from  Whalley  Abbey.  Can  any  reader  of 
*  N.  &  Q.'  enlighten  me  any  further  on  this 
fascinating  if  gruesome  topic  ? 

J.  B.  McGovEBN. 
St.  Stephen's  Rectory,  C.-on-M.,  Manchester. 

YORKSHIRE  USE  OF  "  THOU." — I  had  tea 
the  other  day  with  an  old  Yorkshire  Quaker 
who  still  retains  the  old  mode  of  address — 
"thou";  and  frequently  said,  "Didst  thou 
do  this,  John?"  or  "Wilt  thou  have  some 
more,  John  ?  "  This  use  of  the  old  singular 
personal  pronoun  reminded  me  how  many 
of  the  older  folk  in  Yorkshire  still  consider 
that  to  "  thou  "  or  "  thoo  "  a  person  is  an 
unforgivable  insult  and  a  sign  of  bad  breeding 
and  lack  of  manners  ("be' aver,"  they  call 
it).  It  implies  a  sense  of  superiority  in  the 


in  order  that  answers  may  be  sent  to  them  direct. 


HARD -LYING    MONEY. 


The   following 


paragraph   under    the    above   heading   will 
be  found  in  The  Times  of  April  17  last  :  — 

Notice  is  given  by  the  Admiralty  that  the 
living  and  sleeping  conditions  in  destroy  ers^ 
flotilla  leaders,  sloops  (other  than  surveying 
vessels),  and  small  monitors,  as  compared  with 
those  which  existed  in  the  original  torpedo- 
boat  destroyers,  in  which  "  hard  -lying  money  " 
at  half  rates  was  first  instituted  in  1894,  no 
longer  justify  payment  of  this  allowance  to  ratings 
serving  therein  under  normal  conditions.  Pay- 
ment of  hard-lying  money  is  to  cease,  therefore, 


as  from  June  1,  1 


in  all  the  above-mentioned 


speaker. 

I  recall  very  vividly  my  old  friend,  Bob 
Adams,  one  of  the  finest  cross-country 
jockeys  who  ever  threw  leg  over  a  saddle, 
being  most  enraged  at  an  apprentice  jockey 
daring  to  "  thoo  "  him.  "  It  shows  your 
upbringing,"  he  said  angrily  ;  adding, 

"Deean't  you  thoo  me  again;    I  weean't   particuiarlv   anxious   to   find   some   reliable 
hev  it.       I  also  remember  another  old  friend 


vessels,  but  the  Admiralty  reserve  power  to  resume 
payment  in  these  vessels  when  engaged  in  actual 
hostilities,  or,  at  their  discretion,  when  engaged 
on  special  operations.  The  term  "  hard-lying 
money  "  must  have  originated  before  1894,  but 
it  does  not  appear  in  several  of  the  older  naval 
dictionaries  and  encyclopaedias. 

When  was  this  term  first  brought  into 
official  use  ?.  Has  it  any  previous  colloquial 
history  ?  And  what  exactly  is  "  hard- 
lying  "  ?  R.  R.  E. 

MOUNT  MORGAN.  —  Has  any  history  of 
this  famous  mine  been  published  ?  I  am 


er  o       rien  tg  abou    Donald  Gordon>  who  grazed  the 

of  mine,  the  Rev.  J.  L.  Kyle  (    the  farming   gite  and  gold  Mg  land  at  £1  per  ^ 

J.    M.    BULLOCH. 


parson,"  vicar  of  Carlton  in  Cleveland),  once 
dropping  into  dialect,  as  he  loves  to  do, 
and  addressing  an  old  man  as  "  thou." 

Fooaks  dissn't  like  thou-ing,"  remon- 
strated the  farmer.  "  He  can't  hev  had 
neea  bringing  up — he  thou's  fooaks,"  is  a 
reproach  not  infrequently  heard.  And  a 
very  damnatory  reproach  it  is  too,  in  the 
minds  of  many. 

J.  FAIRFAX-BLAKEBOROUGH. 

Grove  House,  Norton-on-Tees. 

"  MONKEY  TRICK." — The  '  ST.E.D.'  gives 
examples,  1809  and  1864.  I  find  this  in 
Charles  Leslie's  'Works,'  i.  133  (1721)  : — 

This  was  a  judgment  upon  him  for  his  Monkey 
trick  in  killing  the  Monster  mention'd  before. 
RICHARD  H.  THORNTON. 


ELDER  FOLK-LORE. — According  to  Whit- 


37,  Bedford  Square,  W.C.I. 

LITERARY  ALLUSIONS  IN  THE  WORKS  OF 
E.  A.  POE. — Investigations  undertaken  in 
connexion  with  a  projected  edition  of  Poe's 
'  Tales  '  convince  me  that  most,  if  not  all, 
of  his  allusions  can  be  traced  to  some  source 
in  classical  or  modern  writers  (prior  to  his 
time,  of  course).  I  would  appreciate  help 
in  locating  any  of  the  following  : —  s».  ua 

1.  "  The     dreams     of    the    daughters     of 
Delos  "  ('  Ligeia  '). 

2.  "  The  gazelle  eyes  of  the  tribe  of  the 
valley  of  Nourjahad  "  ('  Ligeia  '). 


3.   "  Giant  serpents  of  Syria,  worshipping 
their  sovereign,  the  Sun  "  ('  Eleonora  '). 

The  more  exact  the  references  the  better  ; 

church  (Co.  Warwick)  tradition,  the  elder  is  j  but  Poe's  treatment  of  such  things  is  often 
never  struck  by  lightning  and  must  never  be  J  very  free,  and  slightly  garbled  allusions  are 
used  for  fire.  If  it  is,  some  terrible  disaster  common.  THOMAS  OLLIVE  MABBOTT. 

follows,  and  nothing  cooked  with  it  would        Graduate  School,  Columbia  University, 
be  fit  to  eat.  J.  HARVEY  BLOOM.  New  York  City. 


12  S.X.  MAY  27,  1922.]  NOTES    AND    QUERIES. 


409 


HEMPHILL. — What  is  the  derivation  of  the 
Irish  family  name  of  Hemphill  ?  The  first 
Lord  Hemphill's  ancestor,  Robert  Hemphill 
(or  Boyd),  is  said  in  Burke' s  '  Peerage  '  to 
have  come  to  Ireland  from  Ayrshire  ?  Is 
the  name  a  variation  of  Semple,  Sempill,  or 
Semphill,  families  of  which  names  flourished 
in  Ayrshire-? 

\  Two  of  this  family  emigrated  in  the 
eighteenth  century,  one  to  Pennsylvania, 
the  other  to  Georgia.  Are  the  names  of  Hemp- 
hill,  towns  in  Texas  and  in  New  Mexico, 
traceable  to  either  of  these  ? 

O.  HOLLAND. 

31,  Chatsworth  Road,  Bournemouth. 

"  HAY  SILVEE." — Can  any  reader  tell  me 
the  meaning  of  "hay  silver."  There  is 
an  old  parchment  here  dated  1641  with  this 
heading,  and  below  a  list  of  names  with  the 
amounts  due  from  each  person,  mostly  pennies, 
halfpennies  and  farthings.  To  whom  was 
this  money  paid,  for  what  purpose,  and  up 
to  what  date  did  such  payments  continue  ? 
I  have  been  informed  that  the  name  is 
probably  derived  from  the  Anglo-Saxon  haeg, 
meaning  "hedge,"  and  does  not  refer  to 
dried  grass.  H.  C.  BARNARD. 

The  Grey  House,  Yatton,  Somerset. 

THE  BIRMINGHAM  HARCOURTS. — The  few 
surviving  members  of  the  Harcourt  family 
in  Birmingham  are  probably  all  descended 
from  Robert  Harcourt,  born  c.  1774,  who 
had  eight  sons,  in  addition  to  two  or  three 
daughters.  Most  of  the  above  descendants 
have  emigrated  to  the  colonies.  The  eldest 
son,  Robert  Harcourt  (born  1794,  died 
July  10,  1877)  is  buried  in  Acocks  Green 
churchyard,  near  Birmingham.  One  of  the 
younger  sons,  David  Harcourt,  who  married 
Sarah  Henshaw,  a  relative  of  the  celebrated 
landscape  artist  of  the  same  name,  had, 
besides  three  married  daughters,  an  only 
son,  Charles  James  Harcourt,  a  brass- 
founder  and  a  J.P.  for  Warwickshire,  whose 
issue  is  still  living. 

From  whom  was  the  elder  Robert  Harcourt 
descended  ?  Any  information  concerning 
the  immediate  ancestors  of  this  branch  of 
the  family  will  be  acceptable,  as  it  is  desired 
to  establish  their  connexion  with  the  main 
stem,  which  still  survives  after  lasting  about 
30  generations.  H.  B. 

MILITARY  TERM  :  "  RAFFAELE." — What  is 
the  exact  meaning  of  this  peculiar  and  un- 
familiar military  expression  ? 

ANEURIN  WILLIAMS. 

Menai  View,  North  Road,  Carnarvon. 


HUNGARY  WATER. — The  sale  of  the 
Burdett-Coutts  silver  collection  included 
four  silver  bottle-labels,  evidently  personal 
to  the  toilet  of  Mrs.  Thomas  Coutts  (Miss 
Harriot  Mellon),  afterwards  Duchess  of 
St.  Albans.  They  were  for  "  Rose "  and 
"  Elder  Flower,"  dated  1824-5,  and  "  Hun- 
gary Water  "  and  "  Eau  de  Cologne,"  dated 
1826-7.  Can  some  reader  say  what  "Hun- 
gary Water  "  was  ?  C.  J.  P. 

D'ANVERS  ARMS  INN  :  PINDAR'S  BAGNIO. 
— Will  MR.  DE  CASTRO  kindly  tell  me 
whether,  in  the  course  of  his  researches,  he 
has  come  across  an  inn  called  the  D'Anvers 

'Arms    or    D'Anvers   Head    (probably    spelt 

jDanvers),    after   the   family   of   that   name, 

I  who  had  a  house  in  or  near  Strand  Lane  ? 

|  The  inn  was,  I  believe,  in  that  neighbour- 
hood, but  I  did  not  find  it  among  those 
which  have  appeared  in  *  N.  &  Q.*  over 
MR.  DE  CASTRO'S  signature.  Will  he  also 
kindly  inform  me  if  Pindar's  Bagnio,  in 

I  Westmoreland  Close,  near  Aldersgate  Street, 
was  an  inn,  besides  being  a  bagnio  ? 

A.  S.  FOORD. 

REID  THE  MOUNTEBANK. — In  a  note  to 
canto  vi.,  st.  6,  of  '  The  Lady  of  the  Lake,' 
Sir  JohnLauder,  LordFountainhall,  is  quoted 
as  reporting  ('  Decisions,'  vol.  i.,  p.  440)  as 
follows : — 

January  llth,  1687. — Reid  the  mountebank  is 
received  into  the  Popish  church,  and  one  of  his 

;  blackamores  was  persuaded  to  accept  of  baptism, 
fiom  the  Popish  priests  and  to  turn  Christian 
papist ;  which  was  a  great  trophy  ;  he  was  called 
James,  after  the  King  and  Chancellor,  and  the 

'  Apostle  James. 

And  (op.  Git.,  vol.  i.,p.  439)  :— 

Reid  the  mountebank  pursues  Scott  of  Harden 

and  his  lady  for  stealing  away  from  him  a  little 
j  girl,  called  the  tumbling-lassie,  that  danced  upon 

his  stage  :  and  he  claimed  damages,  and  produced 
\  a  contract,  whereby  he  bought  her  from  her 
i  mother  for  £30  Scots.  But  we  have  no  slaves 

in  Scotland  and  mothers  cannot  sell  their  bairns  ; 

and    physicians     attested     the     employment     of 

tumbling  would  kill  her  ;     and  her  joints  were 

now    grown   stiff,    and  she  declined   to  return  ; 

though  she  was  at  least  a  prentice,  and  so  could 
;  not  run  away  from  her  master  :  yet  some  cited 
!  Moses's  law,*  that  if  a  servant  shelter  himself 
|  with  thee,  against  his  master's  cruelty,  thou 
i  shalt  surely  not  deliver  him  up.  The  Lords, 
j  renitente  cancellario,  assoilzied  Harden,  on  the 
!  27th  of  January  [1687]. 

Is  anything  more  known  of  this  Reid  ? 
JOHN  B.  WAINE WRIGHT. 

ADRIAN  STOKES,   second  husband  of  the 
!  Duchess  of  Suffolk,   mother  of  Lady  Jane 
Grey.     Where  could  I  obtain  biographical 
I  information  about  him  ?  G,  R. 


410 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [12  ax.  MAY  ST.  ms. 


THOMAS  ANDEEWES. — He  officiated  as 
Sheriff  at  the  execution  of  Mary  Stuart. 
Biographical  information  about  him  desired. 

G.  R. 

VISCOUNTESS  ROCHFORD,  sister-in-law  of 
Anne  Boleyn,  and  daughter  or  grand- 
daughter of  Henry  Parker,  Lord  Morley. 
She  was  beheaded  with  Catherine  Howard. 
I  should  be  glad  of  any  biographical  details 
concerning  her.  G.  R. 

HAGEN  FAMILY. — Burke' s '  General  Armory.' 
gives  the  following  for  this  name  : — 

Hagen  (Bermondsey),  Az.  a  chevron  or  between 
two  doves  close  in  chief  arg.,  and  in  base  an  oak- 
tree  ppr.  Crest,  A  dove  rising  arg. 

Hagen,  Or,  a  fesse  between  three  cramp-irons 
sa.  Crest,  A  stork's  head  erased  ppr. 

I  should  be  glad  of  any  information 
regarding  the  families  bearing  these  arms. 
From  what  part  of  the  Continent  did  they 
come  to  England,  for  the  name  is  obviously 
foreign  ? 

Was  either  related  to  the  Pomeranian 
family  of  Hagen  or  von  Hagen,  and,  if  not, 
what  were  the  arms  of  the  latter  ? 

LAUBANCE  M.  WULCKO. 

142,  Kinfauns  Road,  Gcodmayes,  Essex. 

BRASS  ORNAMENTS  ON  HARNESS. — Is  there 
any  name  for  the  brass  ornaments  on  cart- 
horse harness  ?  I  believe  I  used  to  know  a 
name  for  them.  E.  E.  COPE. 

HERALDIC  :  IDENTIFICATION  OF  ARMS 
SOUGHT. — Could  anyone  kindly  say  to  what 
families  the  following  quarterings  belong  ? — 
Argent  on  a  bend  vert  three  stags'  heads 
cabossed  of  the  first,  impaling  Azur  a  cross 
engrailed  ermine.  I  think  they  are  of  East 
Anglian  origin.  C.  S.  C.  (B/C.). 

THE  ROYAL  ARMS. — In  the  Royal  arms  of 
Edward  III.  the  fleurs-de-lis  are  in  the 
dexter  quarter.  Why  ?  M.  H.  C.  W. 

ARMS  AND  CREST,  LLANGOLLEN. — Will 
any  reader  kindly  tell  me  the- name  of  the 
family  to  whom  the  following  arms,  quar- 
terly, belong  ?  They  may  be  seen  in  an 
ancient  stained-glass  window  in  Llangollen 
Church. 

1.  Gules,  a  griffin  segreant,  or. 

2.  Sable,     three    Danish    axes    in    fess, 
argent. 

3.  Azure,  the  sun  in  splendour,  or. 

4.  Argent,  a  lion  rampant  gules. 

Crest,  the  sun  rising  out  of  a  bank  of 
clouds.  LEONARD  C.  PRICE. 

Essex  Lodge,  Ewell. 


"  INTUE." — This  unsightly  verb  was 
coined  by  Prior  Bede  Vaughan  in  his  '  Life 
and  Labours  of  S.  Thomas  of  Aquin,'  vol.  ii., 
p.  225,  thus  :  "Through  the  clearness  of  th& 
intellectual  eye  could  intue  the  high  truths 
of  morality  and  religion.'r 

Are  there  additional  instances  of  the  use- 
of  this  bastard  coinage  in  lieu  of  "  perceive  " 
Or  "  see  into  "  ?  If  so>  they  richly  deserve 
to  be  nailed  to  the  counter  of  verbal  mon- 
strosities. J.  B.  McGovERN. 

St.  Stephen's  Rectory,  C.-on-M.,  Manchester. 

PTJDENS. — In  a  booklet  on  Roman  explora- 
tions I  have  read  the  following  passage  : — 

Martial  mentions  Pudens  as  his  friend,  and 
addresses  to  him  some  of  his  epigrams,  in  one 
calling  him.  Pudens  the  Senator  ;  in  another  he 
says,  in  consequence  of  the  change  of  religion  of 
his  friend  Pudens,  he  can  no  longer  submit  to  him 
his  epigrams  to  criticize  before  publication  as  he 
had  hitherto  been  accustomed  to  do  ;  in  another 
he  mentions  the  marriage  with  Claudia  ;  in  another 
the  birth  of  their  first  child  ;  and  in  yet  another 
the  death  of  Pudens. 

I  can  find  only  two  of  Martial's  epigrams 
which  mention  Pudens :  iv.  13,  which  is 
addressed  to  Rufus  and  describes  Pudeiis, 
who  is  about  to  marry  Claudia  Peregrina, 
as  the  author's  friend  ;  and  iv.  29,  which  is 
addressed  to  Pudens  and  contains  a  humorous 
reference  to  the  number  of  the  author's 
books.  I  shall  be  grateful  if  any  reader  will 
point  me  to  passages  which.  I  have  over- 
looked. T.  H.  SOULBY. 

MAGAZINE  ARTICLE  WANTED. — Subsequently  to 
the  retirement  of  Sir  David  Harrel  from  the 
Under-Secretaryship  for  Ireland  in  1902,  an 
article  appeared  in  one  of  the  monthlies  which 
referred  to  him,  and  most  correctly  described  him 
as  "an  ideal  Under-Secret  ary."  The  title  of  the 
article  and  date  of  its  publication  will  much 
oblige.  E.  W. 

SIB  WALTER  SCOTT  :  REFERENCE  WANTED.— 
Southey  ('  Commonplace  Book,'  4th  Series, 
p.  626)  quotes  Jeremy  Taylor  (vol.  xii.,  p.  28) 
as  saying  :  "  He  that  begins  without  reason,  hath 
reason  enough  to  leave  off,  by  perceiving ,  he 
had  no  reason  to  begin." 

Sir  Walter  Scott  has  recently  been  quoted  as 
saying  :     "  When  a  man  has  not  a  good  reason 
for  doing  a  thing,  he  has  one  good  reason  for 
letting  it  alone."     Where  does  Scott  say  this  ? 
JOHN  B.  WAINE WRIGHT. 

AUTHOR  WANTED. — 
A  man  may  cry,  "  Church,  Church,"  at  every  word* 

With  no  more  piety  than  other  people  ; 
A  daw's  not  reckon'd  a  religious  bird 

Because  it  keeps  a-cawing  from  a  steeple. 

Baling,  H.  E.  T. 


12  S.X.  MAY  27,  1922.]  NOTES    AND    QUERIES. 


411 


"A    ROklN    HOOD    WIND." 

(7  S.  xi.   248  ;     12  S.  x.   378.) 
I  HAVE  frequently  heard  in  this  locality  not 
only  the  saying  "  Robin  Hood  could  stand 
any  wind  but  a  thaw  wind,"  but  also  : — • 
All  sorts  of  weather  could  Robin  Hood  bide, 
But  a  cold  thaw  wind  off  a  high  hill-side. 

In  repeating  either  of  these  sayings  "  wind  " 
is  usually  pronounced  to  rhyme  with  ;i  find." 
As  to  why  the  name  of  Robin  Hood  should 
be  coupled  with  a  thaw  wind,  it  must  be 
recollected  that  he  was  for  many  centuries  a 
popular  hero.  Though  usually  associated 
with  Sherwood  Forest,  the  ballads  make  him 
of  Yorkshire  descent,  and  various  incidents 
in  his  career  point  to  the  conclusion  that 
during  his  earliest  years  he  lived  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  Wakefield.  A  great  part 
of  his  adventurous  life  was  spent  in  York- 
shire, and  he  ended  his  days  at  Kirklees 
Nunnery,  to  the  Prioress  of  which  he  is  repre- 
sented as  being  related,  and  by  whose 
treachery  he  was  allowed  to  bleed  to  death. 

She  blooded  him  in  the  vein  of  the  arm, 
And  locked  him  up  in  the  room  ; 

And  there  did  he  bleed  all  the  live-long  day, 
Until  the  next  day  at  noon. 

His   memory  was  kept  alive  by  numerous 
ballads  which  were  widely  current  at  an  early 
period,    as    witness    the   following    lines    in 
*  Piers  Plowman  '  : — 
I  kan  not  perfitly  my  paternoster  as  the  prest  it 

sayeth, 
But  I  kan  rymes  of   Robyn  Hode   and   Randolf 

Earl  of  Chester. 

His  popularity  was  fostered  by  his  persona- 
tion in  May  Day  games  and  other  popular 
sports.  Harland  and  Wilkinson  (;  Legends 
and  Traditions  of  Lancashire  ')  say  : — 

In  the  sixteenth  century,  and  perhaps  earlier, 
Robin  Hood  presided  in  the  May  Day  pageant 
as  Lord  of  the  May,  and  Maid  Marian  was  the 
Lady  of  the  May.  Their  companions  were  dis- 
tinguished as  "  Robin  Hood's  men,"  and  were  all 
dressed  in  Lincoln  Green. 

In  Garrick's  collection  of  old  plays  is  one 
entitled  '  A  new  Play  of  Robin  Hood,  for  to 
be  played  in  the  May  games,  very  pleasant 
and  full  of  pastime.'  Bishop  Hugh  Latimer, 
in  his  sixth  sermon  before  Edward  VI.,  re- 
lates that  once,  riding  on  a  journey  home- 
ward from  London,  he  sent  word  beforehand 
that  he  would  preach  at  a  certain  place  the 
next  morning.  On  arriving  there  at  the 
appointed  time,  instead  of  finding,  as  he 
expected,  the  church  full  of  people  waiting 
to  hear  him,  he  found  it  locked  up,  and  after 


waiting  over  half  an  hour  till  the  key  was 
found,  one  of  the  parish  came  to  him  and 
said,  "  Sir,  this  is  a  busy  day  with  us,  we 
cannot  hear  you  ;  it  is  Robin  Hood's  day. 
The  parish  are  gone  abroad  to  gather  for 
Robin  Hood  :  I  pray  you  let  [i.e.  hinder]  them 
not." 

Hollingworth  states  that  John  Bradford, 
the  martyr,  preaching  at  Manchester  in 
Edward  VI. 's  reign,  prophesied  that  because 
the  people  did  not  readily  embrace  the  Word 
of  God,  Mass  should  be  said  again  at  the 
Collegiate  Church  and  the  play  of  Robin 
Hood  acted  there,  which,  he  adds,  accord- 
ingly came  to  pass  in  Queen  Mary's  reign. 
Drayton,  writing  in  the  reign  of  James  I., 
in  his  '  Polyolbion,'  sings  of  Robin  Hood  and 
his  companions  : — 

In  this  our  spacious  Isle  I  think  there  is  not  one 
But  he  hath  heard  some  talk  of  him  and  Little 

John  ; 
And  to  the  end  of  time  the  tales  shall  ne'er  be 

done, 
Of     Scarlock,     George-a-Green,    and    Much    the 

Miller's  son  ; 
Of  Tuck  the  merry  friar,  which  many  a  sermon 

made 
In  praise  of  Robin  Hood,  his  outlaws  and  their 

trade. 

Robin  Hood  has  given  his  name  to  many 
places  throughout  the  country,  such  as 
Robin  Hood's  Hill,  Robin  Hood's  Chair,  and 
Robin  Hood's  Bay.  We  have  two  Robin 
Hood  Wells  in  this  neighbourhood ;  one 
near  the  top  of  Pendle,  above  Downham, 
which  is  probably  the  spring  at  which 
George  Fox  drank,  as  recorded  in  his  Journal ; 
and  the  other  on  Grindleton  Fell,  a  very 
strong  spring,  which  is  one  of  the  sources  of 
the  excellent  water  supply  that  Clitheroe 
now  enjoys.  There  is  also  a  Robin  Hood 
Well  a  little  to  the  North  of  Doncaster,  on 
the  Great  North  Road. 

Larwood  and  Hotten,  in  their  '  History 
of  Signboards,'  say  that  the  most  frequent 
sign,  derived  from  the  ancient  ballads,  is 
undoubtedly  that  of  Robin  Hood  and  Little 
John,    which   is   often   accompanied   by   a 
verse,  the  language  of  which  slightly  varies, 
but  which,  to  the  best  of  my  recollection, 
on  a  West  Riding  inn  runs  as  follows : — 
Stay,  traveller,  stay ;  the  ale  is  good, 
Step  in  and  drink  with  Robin  Hood, 
If  Robin  Hood  is  not  at  home, 
Then  take  a  glass  with  Little  John. 

The  use  of  Robin  Hood's  name  became 
proverbial  in  many  connexions.  There  is 
the  proverb  (found  in  Walker's  '  Proverbs,' 
A.D.  1672),  "  Many  talk  of  Robin  Hood  that 
never  shot  in  his  bow,"  which  appears  in 


412 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[12  S.X.MAY  27,  1922. 


Ashmole's  '  Theat.  Chem,  Brit.'  (A.D.  1652), 

p.  175,  as 

Many  man  spekyth  wyth  wondreng 
Of  Robyn  Hode,  and  of  his  bow, 
Which  never  shot  therin  I  trow.  , 

"  To  sell  Robin  Hood's  pennyworths " 
was  spoken  of  things  sold  under  half  their 
value.  Halliwell  says,  "  The  number  of 
extravagant  tales  about  this  celebrated 
archer  was  so  great,  that  his  name  became 
proverbial  for  any  improbable  story,"  and 
he  refers  to  Florio,  p.  70,  and  Holinshed's 
'  England,'  p.  69.  In  Bohn  s  '  Collection  of 
Proverbs  '  we  find  "  Tales  of  Robin  Hood 
are  good  enough  for  fools,"  which  in  Hey- 
wood's  '  Proverbs '  (A.D.  1562)  occurs  as 
"  Tales  of  Robyn  hode  are  good  among 
fooles." 

In  W.  Cunningham's  '  Cosmogr.  Glasse ' 
(A.D.  1559),  p.  57,  there  occurs,  "  Those  are 
Robin  Hodes  miles  as  the  proverb  is,"  such 
miles  being  several  times  the  ordinary 
length.  There  is  also  the  saying  "to  go 
round  by  Robin  Hood's  Barn,"  which  sig- 
nifies to  go  the  longest  way  round. 

Nicholas  Assheton  of  Downham,  in  his 
Journal  (published  by  the  Chetham  Society), 
in  which  he  does  not  fail  to  mention  his 
various  drunken  sprees,  records,  under  date 
of  Aug.  18,  1617,  that  at  Preston  he  was 
"  as  merrie  as  Robin  Hoode  and  all  his  fel- 
lowes. 

Hazlitt's  version  of  Robin  Hood's  story, 
which  is  founded  on  the  old  ballads  and 
is  contained  in  his  '  National  Tales  and 
Legends,'  says  :- — j  ^ 

They  went  to  dwell  beneath  the  greenwood 
winter  and  summer,  and  set  nought  by  the  weather 
and  by  the  law,  namely,  in  Barnsdale  on  the  Wat- 
ling  Street. 

And  in  his  introductory  essay,  after  speaking 
of  Robin  Hood  seeking  a  new  home  in  the 
greenwood,  adds,  "  where  his  worst  enemy 
was  winter  and  rough  weather."  As  Hazlitt 
puts  the  words  which  I  have  italicized 
within  inverted  commas,  he  was  probably 
quoting  from  his  authorities.  It  therefore 
appears  to  me  to  have  been  the  most  natural 
thing  that  when  those  to  whom  Robin  Hood 
was  so  familiar,  and  who  were  so  accustomed 
to  use  his  name  proverbially,  wished  to  ex- 
press the  extremely  unpleasant  nature  of  a 
thaw  wind,  they  should  have  done  so  by 
saying  it  was  the  only  wind  which  the  great 
outlaw  could  not  stand. 

Wright's  '  Dialect  Dictionary,'  referring 
to  the  '  Folk  Speech  of  South  Cheshire,'  by 
Th.  Darlington  (E.D.S.,  1887),  as  its 
authority,  gives  "Robin  Hood's  wind"  as 


a  cold  piercing  wind  from  the  South  or  South- 
East  which  often  accompanies  the  breaking  up  of 
a  long  frost.  This  is  generally  spoken  of  as  a 
thaw  wind,  and  it  is  further  added,  in  explanation 
that  Robin  Hood  could  stand  any  wind  but  a 
thaw  wind. 

Wright  also  gives  the  following  quotation 
from  The  Brighouse  News  of  July  23,  1887, 
"  Robin  Hood  could  stand  anything  budd 
a  thaw-wind." 

I  have  been  unable  to  find  any  early 
reference  to  this  saying,  but  I  am  inclined 
to  agree  with  MB.  BOWES  that  it  is  one  of 
considerable  antiquity,  as  it  would  most 
probably  have  originated  at  a  time  when 
Robin  Hood's  reputation  as  a  popular  hero 
was  at  its  height,  and  when  his  frequent 
personation  in  local  revels  kept  his  name 
constantly  in  the  minds  of  all.  Popular 
sayings  and  proverbial  expressions  are 
handed  down  orally  from  generation  to 
generation,  and  it  is  for  this  reason  often  im- 
possible to  say  how  long  they  have  been 
current,  but  in  those  cases  in  which  any  of 
them  happen  to  have  found  their  way  into 
print  they  can  often  be  traced  a  long  way 
back. 

The  association  of  Robin  Hood  with  a 
thaw  wind  is,  I  have  no  doubt,  of  north- 
country  origin.  I  was  brought  up  in  the 
Isle  of  Wight  and  lived  several  years  in 
London,  but  it  was  not  till  I  came  to  reside 
in  Clitheroe  that  I  ever  heard  of  a  "  Robin 
Hood  wind." 

In  the  Denham  Tracts,  vol.  i.,  p.  204 
(Folk  Lore  Society),  a  Manx  proverb  from 
Cregeen's  '  Manks  Dictionary '  (A.D.  1835) 
is  quoted,  which  the  compiler  of  the  Tracts 
understood  to  mean 

The  coldest  winds  that  came  to  Fian  McCooil — 
Wind  from  a  thaw,  wind  from  a  hole, 
And  wind  from  under  the  sails. 

I  believe  there  is  a  Spanish  proverb  to  the 
effect  that  if  you  get  a  cold  from  a  draught 
through  a  keyhole  you  had  better  make 
your  will. 

I  may  perhaps  be  allowed  to  add  that  I 
have  often  heard  a  cold  piercing  wind  de- 
scribed as  a  "  lazy  wind  " — it  is  too  lazy  to 
go  round,  so  it  goes  through  one. 

WM.  SELF-WEEKS. 

Westwood,  Clitheroe. 

WOODS,  '  THE  TIMES  '  CORRESPONDENT 
IN  CANADA,  1860  (12  S.  x.  369).— The 
Christian  name  of  this  clever  journalist  was 
Nicholas,  and  his  body  lies  in  Nunhead 
Cemetery.  The  last  time  I  attended  a 
glove-fight  was  at  Olympia  in  July,  1914, 
when  Carpentier  won  against  "  Gunboat  " 


12  s.x.  MAY  27, 1922.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


413 


Smith  on  a  foul.  The  late  Lord  Redesdale 
occupied  a  seat  next  to  me,  and  told  me 
that  the  last  combat  of  the  kind  at  which 
he  had  been  present  was  when  Sayers  and 
Heenan  contested  the  championship  in 
April,  1860.  His  Lordship  wrote  a  very 
graphic  account  of  this  fight  in  his  own 
reminiscences,  and  as  a  young  man  he  was 
exceptionally  handy  with  his  fists  himself. 
I  remember  his  telling  me  that  the  best 
account  ever  written  of  that  historical  battle 
at  Farnborough  appeared  in  The  Times 
newspaper,  which,  down  to  that  date,  had 
not  reported  a  prize-fight  for  some  forty 
years.  He  told  me  he  had  been  to  The 
Times  office  to  try  and  find  out  who  wrote 
it,  but  his  endeavours  were  fruitless.  "  I 
can  tell  you,  my  Lord,"  said  I.  "It  was 
written  by  Nicholas  Woods,  who  also  wrote 
an  account  of  the  laying  of  the  first  Atlantic 
cable,  and  furthermore  he  was  the  corre- 
spondent of  The  Morning  Herald  in  the 
Crimean  War."  Lord  Redesdale  was 
astonished  and  delighted  at  my  being 
able  to  impart  this  information  to  him, 
and  I  was  mightily  pleased  myself  at  having 
remembered  reading  a  statement  to  that 
effect  which  had  appeared  in  a  sporting 
contemporary  23  years  previously. 

WlLLOUGHBY  MAYCOCK. 

I  take  the  following  from  Sala's  '  Life  and 
Adventures,'  ii.  206  : — 

Nicholas  Woods,  who  had  been  in  the  Crimea 
for  The  Morning  Herald,  who,  at  the  outset  of  the 
Franco- German  War,  had  been  commissioned  to 
enlighten  North  Britain  as  to  the  conduct  of  the 
campaign.  .  .  .  Nicholas  Woods  died  far  too 
early,  but  not  too  prematurely  to  have  gained 
the  love  of  a  large  number  of  friends.  . 
His  journalist  masterpieces  [included]  his  narra- 
tive—in The  Pall  Mall,  I  think— of  what  befell  him 
when,  having  assumed  a  ragged  garb,  he  got 
himself  locked  up  ...  in  the  cells  attached  to 
the  Grand  Stand  at  Epsom,  on  the  Derby  Day. 
(Sala's  '  Life  and  Adventures,'  ii.  206.) 

J.  ABDAGH. 

AN  ILLUSTRATION  OF  THE  BESTIARY  ? 
(12  S.  x.  366). — Your  correspondent  is  right 
in  surmising  that  the  illustration  from  the 
British  Museum  MS.  (Add.  27,695)  noticed 
by  Cutts  in  his  '  Scenes  and  Characters  of 
the  Middle  Ages,'  does  not  represent  the 
whale-fishery  in  the  fifteenth  century. 

The  scene  represents  an  incident  in  the 
wanderings  of  St.  Brendan,  or  Brandon, 
the  Irish  saint,  and  his  companions  in  search 
of  the  Isles  of  the  Blessed.  There  are  at 
least  twenty  versions  of  St.  Brendan's  life 
amongst  the  MSS.  at  the  British  Museum, 


but  I  will  quote  only  from  the  first  one, 
which  appeared  in  1483  from  Caxton's  press, 
included  in  Jacobus  de  Voragine's  '  Golden 
Legend.'  There  it  is  recorded  that,  during 
their  wanderings,  St.  Brendan's  companions 
landed 

upon  an  island,  weening  to  them  that  they  had 
been  safe,  and  made  thereon  a  fire  for  to  dress 
their  dinner,  but  S.  Brandon  abode  still  in  the 
ship,  and  when  the  fire  was  right  hot  and  the 
meat  nigh  sodden,  then  this  island  began  to  move, 
whereof  the  monks  were  afeared,  and  fled  anon 
to  ship  and  left  the  fire  and  meat  behind  them, 
and  marvelled  sore  of  the  moving.  And  S. 
Brandon  comforted  them  and  said  that  it  was 
a  great  fish  named  Jasconye,  which  laboureth 
night  and  day  to  put  his  tail  in  his  mouth,  but  for 
greatness  he  may  not.  And  then  anon  they  sailed 
west  three  days  and  three  nights  ere  they  saw 
any  land.  .  .  . 

Jacobus  de  Voragine,  Archbishop  of  Genoa, 
first  compiled  the  '  Golden  Legend  '  in  1275, 
and  in  the  course  of  succeeding  years  others 
made  additions  and  alterations,  until  Caxton 
printed  it  at  Westminster  in  English,  and 
first  included  in  it  the  Life  of  St.  Brendan. 
The  British  Museum  versions  of  the  Life 
range  from  as  early  as  the  tenth  century. 

But  the  tale  of  the  fish-island  pre-dates 
St.  Brendan,  and  the  monkish  writers  did 
but  give  ifr  a  religious  setting  by  grafting  it 
on  to  the  saint's  life.  It  is  found  in  '  The 
Arabian  Nights  Entertainments,'  that  collec- 
tion of  travellers'  tales  which  date  back 
untold  years,  and  were  probably  contem- 
porary with  the  Odyssey,  sung  by  Homer. 
Anyone  can  find  it  there  in  the  adventures 
of  Sinbad  the  Sailor. 

HERBERT  C.  ANDREWS. 

BRITISH  SETTLERS  IN  AMERICA  (12  S.  x. 
368). — I  should  be  much  obliged  if  MR. 
SETON-ANDERSON  would  tell  us  more  about 
Evelynton,  and  also  about  the  American 
Evelyns.  May  I  meanwhile  correct  inaccu- 
racies in  his  communication  ?  George 
Evelyn  was  the  son  of  Robert  and  grandson 
of  the  first  George  Evelyn  of  Wotton, 
Surrey.  He  was  a  first  cousin  of  John 
Evelyn  of  '  Sylva  '  and  '  Diary  '  fame.  He 
was  born  in  London,  Jan.  31,  1592/3.  He 
went  to  Maryland,  not  from  Shropshire,  but 
from  the  King's  Bench  Prison,  where  he 
had  been  shut  up  for  debt.  He  was  Governor 
of  Kent  Island.  According  to  Lord  Liver- 
pool he  left  Maryland  in  1649,  not  in  1638. 
He  is  the  Captain  Evelyn,  interested  in 
architecture,  mentioned  more  than  once  in 
the  '  Diary.'  His  son,  Mount  joy  Evelyn, 
settled  in  Virginia.  His  brother,  Robert 
Evelyn,  also  emigrated  and  died  in  America. 


414 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[12  S.X.MAY  27,  1922. 


The  Salopian  origin  of  the  family  is  based 
on  a  note  in  the  Wotton  pedigree  ; — 

By  tradition  the  family  of  Avelyn  or  Evelyn 
came  to  Harrow,  Co.  Middlesex,  from  Evelyn  near 
Tower  Castle,  in  the  hundred  of  South  Bradford, 
Salop,  1410. 

Camden  also  refers  to  the  tradition,  but 
Miss  Evelyn  has  not  been  able  to  make  out 
the  connexion,  although  she  has  discovered 
a  family  called  Ivelith  in  the  thirteenth 
century,  and  a  place  called  Ivelynton  in  a 
tenure  roll  of  1287.  H>  MAYNABD  SMITH. 
8,  College  Green,  Gloucester. 

RHYMED  HISTORY  OF  ENGLAND  (12  S.  x. 
249,  297,  352,  376,  397).— The  author  of  the 
lines  given  at  ante,  p.  376,  was  John  Collins, 
not  Collings,  and  they  will  be  found  on 
p.  9  of  the  collection  of  his  poems  entitled 
'  Scripscrapologia  ;  or,  Collins's  Doggerel 
Dish  Of  All  Sorts,'  which  he  published  in  Bir- 
mingham in  1804.  BENJAMIN  WALKER. 

Langstone,  Erdington. 

CONCERNING  THE  GRANDFATHER  AND 
FATHER  OF  SIR  GEORGE  ETHEREGE  :  AD- 
DENDA ET  CORRIGENDA  (12  S.  x.  3^1,  362). — 
1.  Ante,  p.  341.  Marriage  of  Etherege's 
daughter  to  William  Canning.  This  mar- 
riage is  also  recorded  in  'Marriage  Licences 
granted  by  the  Bishop  of  London  '  (Harl. 
Soc.  Pub.,  1887,  vol.  xxvi.,  p.  192)  :— 

Feb.  19,  1627.  Wm.  Canning,  Gent.,  of  Elsen- 
ham,  Essex,  Bachelor/  22,  and  Martha  Etheredge 
of  St.  Clement  Danes,  Spinster,  18,  dau.  of  George 
Etheredge  of  same,  Vintner,  who  consents,  in 
same  parish  church. 

2.  At  ante,  p.  364.     The  paragraph,  end  of 
col.  1,  beginning  "  '  The  Colonial  Records,'  " 
should  be  corrected  to  read  : — 

"  The  '  Colonial  Records '  (vol.  v.,  A.D. 
1622-76,  p.  2)  give  the  deed  of  transfer  of 
the  two  shares  of  land  known  as  '  Incognita ' 
in  Paget's  Tribe  lying  '  between  the  Shares 
of  land  of  George  Etheridge,  Vintner,  and 
Sir  Wm.  Wade  and  his  Assigns,'  from 
William  Burgis  to  Michael  Evans  on  May  3, 
1643.  The  deed  next  entered  records  "the 
conveyance  of  the  two  shares,  '  Incognita,' 
from  Michael  Evans  to  Laurence  Underwood 
on  Sept.  15,  1645.  The  position  of  the  land 
is  here  similarly  described  ('  Colonial  Re- 
cords,' Office  of  the  Colonial  Secretary, 
Hamilton,  Bermuda). "- 

3.  Ante,  p.   364,  third  line  from  end  of 
col.  2,  for  "  1656  "  read  1651.      In  the  second 
line  from  the  bottom  insert  after  "  died," 


by   1656   (his   unsatisfactory   and    midutiful 
son  John,  &c.). 

4.  The  following  entry  (P.C.C.,  '  Admini- 
stration Act  Book,'  folio  168)  refers  to  the 
decease  of  Capt.  Etherege  : — 

November,  1651.  George  Etheridge.  On  ye 
seaven  &  twentith  day  a  Commission  issued  forth 
unto  Mary  Etheridge  Widow  ye  Relict  of  George 
Etheridge  late  resident  &  deced  in  ye  parts 
beyond  ye  Seas,  having  goods,  &c.,to  administer 
ye  goods  chattelles  &  Debts  of  ye  said  Deced, 
Shee  being  first  sworne  truly  to  administer,  &c. 

Inventory  exted  22H  16s  2d  [marginal  note]. 

D.  FOSTER. 

Mount  Holyoake  College,  South  Hadley, 
Mass.,  U.S.A. 

ROCHE  SANADOIRE  (12  S.  x.  329).— The 
statement  in  Baedeker's  '  Southern  France  ' 
(p.  235)  that  "the  summit  of  the  Roche 
Sanadoire  was  once  the  hold  of  a  body  of 
English  adventurers,  dislodged  in  1386," 
seems  to  be  inaccurate  as  regards  the  date, 
and  I  am  obliged  to  C.  S.  C.  for  drawing 
attention  to  the  passage.  The  reference  to 
Froissart  in  Louis  Brehier's  '  L'Auvergne ' 
(Paris,  1912,  p.  52)  is  likewise  a  mistake. 
A  detailed  account  of  the  affair  will  be 
found  in  the  '  Chronique  du  bon  due  Loys 
de  Bourbon,'  written  about  1429  by  Jehan 
Cabaret  d'Orville.  According  to  this 
chronicle,  which  was  republished  by  A.  M. 
Chazaud  (Paris,  Librairie  Renouard,  1876), 
the  English  adventurers  were  dislodged 
from  the  Roche  Sanadoire  in  1375  (not 
1385  or  1386).  An  account  of  the  siege 
will  be  found  in  chapters  xxiii.-xxv.  (p.  96 
seq.).  H.  A.  PIEHLEB, 

English  Editor,  Baedeker's  Guide  Books. 

M.  Paul  Bourgeb,  in  his  novel,  '  Un  Drame 
dans  le  Monde,'  p.  152,  puts  into  the  mouth 
of  one  of  his  characters  a  short  account  of 
the  taking  of  this  stronghold  in  1386.  The 
authority  he  quotes  is  ''  '  La  Ghronique  du 
bon  due  Loys,'  composee  par  son  secretaire 
Jehan  d'Oronville,  dit  Cabaret."  The  alias 
Cabaret  would  not  in  those  days  connote  an 
ale-house  story,  and  I  assume  M.  Bourget 
refers  to  a  real  and  existing  chronicle, 
though  I  have  not  verified  it,  and  even 
distinguished  novelists  have  been  known 
to  create  their  authorities  as  well  as  their 
personages.  He  gives  the  names  of  the 
English  commander  and  his  lieutenants  as 
Robert  Chennel,  and  Nolimbarbe  and 
Richard  Credo,  "  fils  du  lord-maire  de 
Londres,"  which  gives  pedigree-makers  a 
chance.  PEBCY  HULBURD. 


12  S.X.MAY  2 7,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


415 


EIGHTEENTH -CENTURY  GERMAN  PRINCI- 
PALITIES (12  S.  x.  371). — In  the  '  Gazetteer's 
or  Newsman's  Interpreter,'  by  Lawrence 
Eachard,  A.M.,  of  Christ's  College,  Cambridge 
(London,  1707),  it  is  said,  under  the  heading 
•of  Anhalt-Zerbst,  that  the  reigning  Duke, 
at  that  time,  was 

Charles  William,  born  1657,  succeeded  his  father 
in  1667,  and  married  Sophia,  daughter  of  Augustus, 
Administrator  of  Magdeburg,  in  1676,  by  whom 
he  has  two  sons,  John  Augustus,  born  1677,  and 
Charles  Frederick,  born  1678,  with  one  daughter, 
called  Magdalen,  born  1679,  besides  three  brothers 
now  living. 

This  may  interest  MR.  WULCKO.        F.  S.  E. 

Much  information  concerning  the  above 
will  be  found  in  the  early  volumes  of  the 
'  Almanach  de  Gotha,'  which  has  been 
published  annually  for  more  than  a  century 
and  a  half.  Most  of  the  English  contem- 
porary books  of  reference  are  misleading, 
especially  as  regards  small  German  States 
like  the  Duchy  of  Anhalt,  which  was  formerly 
divided  into  the  three  smaller  Duchies  of 
Anhalt-Dessau,  Anhalt- Coethen,  and  Anhalt- 
Bernburg.  Another  valuable  work  dealing 
wath  the  subject  is  Christopher  Gustave 
Koch's  '  Tables  Genealogiques  des  Maisons 
Souveraines'  (1782  in  4to  and  subsequent 
editions  in  8vo).  Koch,  who  was  born  at 
BouxWiller  (Alsace)  1737  and  died  1813,  was 
Professor  of  Public  Law  at  the  Strassburg 
University,  and  the  author  of  several  notable 
historical  works.  He  was  frequently  consulted 
by  Napolean  on  the  genealogy  of  the  princes 
and  nobles  of  Germany,  and  had  a  large 
share  in  assisting  the  great  Emperor  in 
forming  the  soon-exploded  Kingdom  of 
Westphalia  (for  his  brother  Jerome  Bona- 
parte), wThich  included  George  III.'s  German 
Electorate  of  Hanover. 

ANDREW  DE  TERNANT. 

36,  Somerleyton  Road,  Brixton,  S.W. 

ENGLISH  ARMY  SLANG  (12  S.  ix.  538,  and 
•references  there  given  ;  x.  7,  201,  279,  395). — 
In  1916  I  had  opportunities  of  discussing 
Army  slang  with  the  late  F.  G.  Fowler,  one 
of  the  authors  of  the  *  Concise  Oxford 
Dictionary,'  and  then  a  private  in  the  23rd 
Royal  Fusiliers.  He  was  perplexed  about 
the  meaning  and  derivation  of  the  phrase 
"  swinging  the  lead."  He  was  the  first 
to  tell  me  that  it  had  malingering  among  its 
meanings.  I  had  always  taken  it  to  mean 
pitching  a  tale,  exaggerating,  romancing, 
rounding  a  phrase  and  so  on,  and  I  supposed 
that  it  arose  from  the  fine  gesture  of  the 
sailor  who  swings  the  lead  when  taking 


soundings.  This  is  an  impressive  sight 
and  no  doubt  the  troops  who  had  served 
abroad  observed  it  with  interest  and 
remarked  upon  it.  In  the  Great  War  the 
phrase  would  be  used  so  often  for  malingering 
that  its  other  and  more  innocent  meanings 
would  be  dropped. 

Similarly,  "  getting  the  wind  up  "  did 
not  at  first  imply  cowardice  or  fear,  but 
apprehension  or  a  fluttering  emotion.  When 
the  phrase  became  common  it  lost  its  fine 
signification  and  meant  frightened. 

.  J.  J.  FREEMAN. 

SWEENEY  TODD  (12  S.  x.  330,  378).— Mr. 
W.  E.  Church  (see  ante,  p.  372)  always 
insisted  that  George  Macfarren  (born  1788, 
died  1843)  wrote  the  first  half  of  '  Sweeney 
Todd,  the  Demon  Barber  of  Fleet  Street/ 
and  that  it  was  completed  by  Thomas 
Peskett  Prest.  The  task  was  abandoned 
by  Macfarren  owing  to  blindness  and  being 
ordered  complete  rest  previous  to  an  opera- 
tion for  cataract.  Mr.  Church  said  Macfarren 
and  Prest  were  certainly  indebted  to  a 
French  story,  but  there  was  a  Fleet  Street 
tavern  traolition  that  such  an  individual 
as  Sweeney  Todd  really  existed  long  before 
Edward  Lloyd's  publication  in  weekly 
numbers.  In  fact  Mr.  Church  said  he 
remembered,  when  a  boy,  the  old  watchman 
outside  the  gate  of  St.  Bartholomew's 
Hospital,  who  gravely  informed  people  that 
"  his  father  was  murdered  by  Sweeney 
Todd."  ANDREW  DE  TERNANT. 

36,  Somerleyton  Road,  Brixton,  S.W. 

GILLMAN  (OR  GUILLIM)  FAMILY  (12  S.  x. 
370). — 1.  In  '  The  Heraldry  of  Herefordshire,' 
adapted  to  form  a  supplement  to  Dun- 
cumb's  '  County  History,'  by  John  Strong, 
Esq.,  of  The  Chase,  Herefordshire,  M.D., 
1848,  are  the  following  entries  : — 

Guillim,  of  Langston  Court,  Llangarren. 
Of  this  family  was  John  Guillim,  Pursuivant  at 
Arms,  author  of  the  '  Display  of  Heraldry,'  first- 
published  in  fol.  in  1610.  He  died  in  1621.  Sa., 
a  horse's  head  erased  or,  betw.  three  gauntlets 

Gwillym,  William,  of  Wellington  and  of  Trip- 
penkennet,  Sheriff  in  1692.  Arg.,  a  lion  ramp, 
ermines,  collared  or. 

In  Guillim's  ''Display  of  Heraldry'  I 
have  a  note  that  Guillim  himself  says  his 
coat  is  the  latter  of  these  two.  I  have  also 
a  note  against  the  first  that  "  this  coat  is 
borne  "  by  Gillman  according  to  Harleian 
MS.  in  the  British  Museum. 

Fawley  Chapel  is  next  to  Fownhope  ;  it 
used  to  be  included  in  that  parish.  Faley, 


416 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[12  S.X.MAY  27,  1922. 


Fawleye,  Fauley  and,  I  suppose,  Foley  are 
different  spellings  of  the  name.  There 
were  Guillims  there  1539-1610  at  least. 
See  '  Parish  Registers  of  Fownhope?  Co. 
Hereford,'  printed  at  the  private  press  of 
Frederick  Arthur  Crisp,  1899. 

There    were    also     families     of     Gwillim, 
(Gwilliam,  Gillam,  Gwyllim)  at  Llandinabo, 
Pencoyd  and  Harewood.     In  these  parishes 
were  also  families  named  Brace.     See  '  The 
Register  Books  of  Llandinabo,  Pencoyd  and 
Harewood  in  Co.  Hereford,'  transcribed  by  | 
J.  H.  Parry,  B.A.,  1900.     The  last  page  of  j 
the  old  Parish  Register  of  Fownhope  con- ;' 
tains  the  following  entries  relating  to  the 
Parish  of  Fawley  : — 

Fawleye. 

Ano  Dni   1543.     Baptizati 
A  prills  2°.     Johes  filius  Johis  Gwyllym. 

Anno  Dni   1610  Bapti/ati 
February  24.     Johannes  filius  Guilielmi  Gwillym. 

Fownhope. 

Anno  Dni   1576.     Batiz  : 
Octobris  21.     Johes  Gwyllym. 

Fawley  Chapel  is  marked  on  the  reap  in 
Richard  Blome's  'Britannia'  (1673). 

The  following  pedigree  may  be  found  of 
use: — 


WILLIAM  MILBURN  (12  S.  x.  189,  379).— 
He  served  the  E.I.  Co.  as  purser  from  1793/4 
to  1800/1  in  the  following  ships  :  the  Boddam, 
Captain  John  Jones,  on  her  third  voyage  to 
China,  1793/4 ;  the  Lord  Marcartney,  Cap- 
tain James  Hay,  on  her  sixth  voyage  to  the 
Coast  and  Bay  (Madras  and  Bengal),  1795/6  ; 
the  \V  oodford,  Captain  James  Martin,  on  her 
fourth  voyage  to  Bombay,  1798/9 ;  the 
Fort  William,  Captain  Joseph  Boulderson, 
on  her  sixth  voyage  to  Bombay,  1800/1. 
See  H.  C.  Hardy,  '  A  Register  of  Ships  em- 
ployed in  the  Service  of  the  Hon.  United 
E.I.  Co.  from  1760  to  1810'  (ed.  1811),  pp. 
164,  174,  199;  209. 

L.  M.  ANSTEY. 

MOZEEN  (MUZEEN)  FAMILY  (12  S.   X.    371). 

— Mr.  Edward  Muzeen,  son  of  the  late- 
Mr.  Muzeen  (the  latter  of  whom  inherited 
Douthwaite  Hall,  near  Kirby  Moorside, 
Yorkshire,  by  marriage),  died  a  week  or 
two  ago  in  London.  The  male  line  of  thi& 
branch  of  the  family  thus  becomes  extinct. 
The  late  E.  Muzeen' s  father  bred  bloodstock 
on  a  small  scale  at  Douthwaite  Dale  (locally 
I  "  Doo-thet-  Deeal  ")  or  Hall,  which  passed 
from  the  family  some  twenty  years  ago. 

J.  FATRFAX-BLAKEBOROUGH. 
Grove  House,  Norton-on-Tees. 


HERALDS'  VISITATION  OF  HEREFORDSHIRE,  1569. 
GUILLIM. 

David   Glim  of  Lison  [Lewson  in    = 
Llangarren.  Lusson,  Hail.,  1545]     I 


I 

John  Glim  of  Faley  in  Co.      = 
Hereford 


Johan.,  d.  of  Robert  Poell  of  Whitcherch, 
Co.  Hereford 


1 

John  Glim    = 
of  Faley 

The 

son 

O.S., 

=  Mary,  d.  John 
Burfield  of 
Lyngell, 
ar. 

1         I        1 

Thomas 
2nd  sonne 
of  King's 
Roger 
3rd  son 
William 
4th  son 

1 

Katkerine  =  Thomas 
Harp* 
Capel 

1    1    [ 

i  Blanche 
2  Anne 
3  Sybell 

1 

Jane,  married  to 
John  Gwatkin 

mas, 
and  heire, 
p.  1604 

1         I 
Jone 

Jane 

Anne 
Mary 

Alyce 
Sybell 

E.  M.  GWATKIN. 

[Our  correspondent  kindly  offers   to  lend  MR.   GILLMAN   the    Register-books  mentioned  if  he 
should  desire  to  see  them.] 


*  Probably  Harper. 


12  S.X.  MAY  27,  1922.]  NOTES     AND     QUERIES. 


417 


SOME  MID -VICTORIAN  COTERIES  (12  S. 
x.  321). — I  presume  the  "  two  distinguished 
Fellows  "  (of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries)  who 
founded  the  Noviomagian  Society  in  1828 
were  T.  Crofton  Croker  and  A.  J.  Kempe. 
An  interesting  resume  of  the  Society  from 
the  pen  of  Mr.  George  R.  Wright,  F.S.A.,  was 
published  soon  after  the  death  of  Sir  Benj  amin 
Ward  Richardson  in  1896,  and  included 
the  names  and  official  titles  of  members 
from  1884,  many  of  the  titles  being  quaint 
and  curious.  It  says  nothing  as  to  the 
power  which  apparently,  at  a  later  date, 
authorized  dissolutions  at  the  hands  of 
its  then  President  or  "Lord  High";  the 
earlier  work  by  Sir  B.  W.  Richardson  I 
have  not  seen. 

A  long  -  lived  coterie  has  been  "  The 
Club  of  Nobody's  Friends,"  a  dining  club 
founded  in  1800  and  still  existing.  Its 
Biographical  List  of  Members,  privately 
printed  in  two  volumes  (1885  and  1902), 
furnishes  some  good  reading,  with  short  and 
useful  sketches  of  over  350  members  ;  and 
vol.  ii.  includes  records  of  meetings  from 
1885  to  1902,  sometimes  racily  put,  as 
when  a  newly  appointed  Rouge  Dragon 
"  stood  on  his  hind  legs  and  unfolded  his 
tale  (tail)."  W.  B.  H. 

"  TIGHT  "  AND  OTHER  EQUINE  TERMS 
(12  S.  x.  367,  399). — On  the  general  meaning 
of  "  tight  "  in  the  sense  of  approval  may  be 
quoted  N.  Bailey's  '  Dictionarium  Britanni- 
cum '  (1730,  folio),  which  gives  : — • 

Tight ;    not  slatternly  in  Dress. 

Tightness;  Cleverness  in  Dress,  in . opposition 
to  Looseness  ;  also,  Cleverness  in  household 
affairs  or  Housewifery. 

W.  B.  H. 

ADMIRAL  SIR  CHARLES  COTTON,  BART. 
(12  S.  x.  371).—'  The  Georgian  Era,'  vol.  ii. 
(1833),  says  that  the  Admiral 
was  born  about  1746.  .  .  .  He  died  suddenly 
on  the  23rd  of  Feby,  1812,  at  Stoke,  near  Ply- 
mouth .  .  .  was  married  on  the  27th  of  Feby, 
1798,  to  Philadelphia,  eldest  daughter  of  Sir 
Joshua  Rowley,  by  whom  he  had  issue  two  sons 
and  two  daughters. 

It  will  be  seen  that  the  dates  above  differ 
from  those  in  the  query.  W.  B.  H. 

PEEL  YATES  (12  S.  x.  310,  379).— A  short 
account  of  the  Yates  family,  formerly  of 
Yates  Peel,  near  Manchester — originally  of 
Blackburn — will  be  found  in  No.  6  of 
'  Pilgrimages  to  Old  Homes,'  by  Fletcher 
Moss,  in  which  book  there  is  also  a  portrait 
of  Joseph  Yates,  High  Sheriff  of  Lancashire 
in  1728.  FREDERIC  CROOKS. 


ROPE  OF  SAND  (12  S.  x.  309,  353).— This 
query  throws  some  light  on  the  Emersonian 
allusion  to  Asmodeus  as  a  weaver  of  ropes 
from  sand. 

In  February,  1845,  Carlyle,  replying  to  a 
letter  from  Emerson,  who  had  described 
E.  P.  Clark  of  Boston  as  the  truest  of  all 
Carlylians,  with  a  wonderful  collection  of 
portfolios  and  prints  (now  in  the  Boston 
Public  Library),  wrote  : — 

You  have  done  one  very  ingenious  thing  to  set 
Clark  upon  the  Boston  booksellers'  accounts  ; 
Michael  Scott  setting  the  devil  to  twist  ropes  of 
sand. 

The  '  Jewish  Encyclopedia,'  under 
'  Athenians,'  shows  that  the  Talmud  and 
Midrash  have  stories  of  making  thread  or 
string  from  sand.  THOMAS  FLINT. 

In  The  Folk -Lore  Journal  for  May,  1884, 
at  p.  157,  Mr.  G.  H.  Kinahan  says  that 
according  to  a  legend  of  St.  Patrick  that  he 
heard  in  the  neighbourhood  of  the  Shannon, 
the  saint  gave  the  devil  a  number  of  things  to 
do,  all  of  which  he  succeeded  in,  till  at  last  he  told 
him  to  .make  a  rope  of  sand.  This  he  failed  in, 
and  the  remains  of  the  devil's  rope  is  the  Eskers 
that  stretch  across  Ireland  from  Dublin  to  Galway 
Bay. 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

EARLY  VICTORIAN  LITERATURE  (12  S. 
x.  210,  273,  332,  372).— The  recollections 
of  the  late  Mr.  W.  E.  Church  cited  at  the 
last  reference  are,  I  fear,  at  fault  in  claiming 
George  Daniel  as  one  of  the  writers  of  this 
sensational  fiction  for  Edward  Lloyd. 
Daniel  produced  in  his  eighteenth  year  a 
novel  in  three  volumes,  '  The  Adventures 
of  Dick  Distich '  (published  anonymously 
by  Effingham  Wilson,  1812)  ;  this  was 
possibly  suggested  to  its  author  by  '  Tristram 
Shandy '  and  a  desire  to  satirize  his  own 
contemporaries  and  experience,  but  it  is  dull 
reading.  Later  he  wrote  satire,  verse, 
dramatic  criticisms  and  antiquarian  gossip. 
But  such  weird  fictional  romances — im- 
possible !  He  lacked  the  ability,  and  his 
occupations  gave  a  different  direction  to  his 
tastes.  Probably  Mr.  Church  knew  him 
well  as  a  rather  dogmatic  authority  on 
Shakespeare,  the  Drama,  old  London  and 
subjects  then  familiar  to  him,  but  not  as  a 
writer  of  romances.  ALECK  ABRAHAMS. 

MR.  ANDREW  DE  TERNANT  throws  con- 
siderable light  upon  the  subjects  in  question, 
and  "  clears  the  air  "  surrounding  some  of 
these  "  mysteries."  I  wonder  whether  the 
material  collected  by  the  late  Mr.  W.  E. 


418 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[12  S.X.MAY  27,  1922. 


Church  is  still  available.  Such  a  collection 
of  "  facts  "  and  "  figures  "  would  be  of 
great  interest  and  value  if  published.  I 
heartily  wish  the  question  of  the  authorship 
of  '  Gentleman  Jack,'  &c.,  could  have  been 
settled  in  the  same  manner  as  that  of 
"Bos."  If  Mr.  Church  had  only  asked 
Mr.  Lloyd,  and  received  his  reply,  what  a 
great  saving  of  labour  and  conjecture 
•would  have  been  effected  !  The  question 
has  been  a  burning  one  for  years  and 
remains  practically  unsolved. 

Mr.  Church  was  perhaps  wise  in  not 
writing  his  series  of  articles  upon  "  penny 
dreadfuls."  That  they  brought  wealth  to 
their  publishers  is  beyond  a  doubt.  Mr. 
E.  Lloyd  amassed  a  big  fortune  upon  their 
foundation.  Mr.  Edwin  J.  Brett  left  a  real 
and  personal  estate  of  £76,538.  His  fine 
collection  of  arms  and  armour  realized 
£11,773  18s.  6d.  in  a  seven  days'  sale  at 
Christie's,  commencing  March  18,  1895  ; 
another  portion,  at  Messrs.  Robinson  and 
Fisher's,  realized  £3,605,  March  20,  1896; 
and  another,  also  at  Messrs.  Robinson  and 
Fisher's,  June  24,  1902,  £1,430. 

The  late  Sir  Francis  Laking,  of  the  London 
Museum,  kindly  gave  me  these  details  in 
1918,  so  they  can  be  treated  as  "  accurate." 
The  reason  for  my  applying  to  him  upon  the 
subject  was  a  desire  to  correct  a  statement, 
widely  circulated,  to  the  effect  that  a  sum 
of  £30,000  was  realized  from  the  sales, 
which,  it  will  be  seen,  was  incorrect. 

Mr.  Brett  met  several  "  pitfalls  "  in  his 
quest  for  his  hobby.  His  son  told  me  of  his 
father's  once  going  to  some  old  castle  upon 
the  Rhine  after  some  "  fine  old  armour  "  (?) 
offered  to  him  by  some  German  baron,  for 
which  he  paid  £800  ;  but  when  he  had  it 
examined  by  an  expert,  he  was  told  it  was 
not  worth  30s.  for  the  railway  fare  to  London. 
It  was  a  faked  lot  of  "  duds." 

I  have  not  been  able  to  find  out  whether 
Mr.  W.  Harrison  left  a  fortune  from  his 
.publications  ("penny  dreadfuls")  or  not; 
in  fact  his  death  is  not  recorded  in  any  book 
of  reference  I  have  so  far  read.  In  Mr. 
Thomas  Frost's  work,  '  Reminiscences  of 
a  Country  Journalist,'  published  1886 
(B.M.L.,  Press  Mark  10854,  F.F.13),  is  men- 
tioned a  visit  paid  by  the  author  to  Mr. 
Harrison's  private  residence  at  Shortlands, 
Kent,  in  connexion  with  his  taking  up  the 
editorship  of  The  Gentleman's  Journal  and 
Youth's  Miscellany,  published  in  1869-72 
by  W.  Harrison  and  E.  Viles  ;  and  in  this 
connexion  I  may  mention  that  my  eye  was 


caught  by  an  account  in  The  Evening  News 
of  the  6th  inst.,  under  the  heading  '  £80,000 
House  Ghost,'  describing  weird  noises, 
heard  at  nights,  in  an  empty  mansion  near 
Valley  Road,  Shortlands.  The  paragraph 
ends  up  :  "  The  house  was  built  for  a  Mr. 
Harrison,  a  London  publisher,  more  than 
fifty  years  ago,  and  cost  £80,000."  It  would 
be  very  interesting  to  know  if  this  refers  to 
Mr.  W.  Harrison  (publisher,  of  Salisbury 
Court).  Perhaps  some  local  reader  could 
throw  light  upon  the  matter  ?  It  would, 
indeed,  be  rather  singular,  to  say  the  least, 
if  there  were  two  gentlemen  of  the  same 
name,  both  publishers,  living  in  so  small 
a  village  as  Shortlands  at  the  same  period. 
Perhaps  an  old  directory  of  Kent  may  give 
the  desired  information. 

May  I  also  inquire  if  any  reader  can  give 
any  information  regarding  the  Emmett 
family,  all  the  members  of  which  were 
engaged  upon  the  publication  of  "  penny 
dreadfuls  "  and  similar  literature  ?  There 
were  William  Laurence,  Henry  Charlton, 
Robert,  George  (of  '  Tom  Wildrake's  School- 
days '  and  '  Shot  and  Shell '  fame),  and 
Sophie — four  brothers  and  one  sister,  all  of 
whom  became  famous  in  literature  for  boys 
of  the  sixties,  seventies,  and  eighties.  I 
should  also  like  some  account  of  Charles 
Fox,  who  published  The  Boy's  Standard  and 
The  Boy's  Leisure  Hour  at  4,  Shoe  Lane, 
Fleet  Street,  in  the  seventies  and  eighties. 
Surely  these  have  not  all  passed  into  oblivion. 
Any  information  will  be  gladly  received, 
not  only  by  myself  but  by  "  hundreds  "  of 
"  old  boys."  FRANK  JAY. 

21,  Fircroft  Road,  Upper  Tooting,  S.W.I 7. 

WROTH  FAMILY  (12  S.  x.  372).— 
W.  P.  C.  L.  will  find  a  full  account  of  the 
Wroth,  Wrotham ,  or  De  Wrotham  family  in 
Archceologia  Cantiana,  vol.  xii.,  pp.  310-316, 
with  a  pedigree  from  William  de  Wrotham, 
who  married  Maud  de  Cornhill,  and  was  Con- 
stable of  Dover  Castle  1170,  down  to  Major  - 
General  Robert  Wroth,  whose  issue  became 
extinct  in  1770. 

•  John  Wroth  of  Wrotham  in  Kent  paid  his 
"  aid  "  at  the  knighting  of  the  Black  Prince, 
20  Edward  III.  A  daughter  of  Sir  Anthony 
Bering  married,  at  the  beginning  of  the 
seventeenth  century,  a  Wroth  of  Essex,  in 
the  archaeological  publications  of  which 
latter  county  I  am  sure  further  particulars 
will  be  found.  There  are  also  pedigrees  of 
the  Wroth  family  in  the  Harleian  Society 
Visitations  of  Essex  in  1558  and  1612. 

PERCY  HULBURD. 


12  S.  X.  MAY  27,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


419 


THE  CBOSSED  KEYS  AT  YORK  (12  S.  x. 
328,  375). — My  inquiry  related  only  to  the 
blazon  attributed  to,  or  assumed  by,  the 
capitular  body,  and  made  no  reference  at 
all  to  the  archiepiscopal  arms.  If  your  kind 
correspondents  will  refer  to  Dean  Purey 
Cust's  '  Heraldry  of  York  Minster,'  vol.  i., 
they  will  find  as  frontispiece  a  coloured  en- 
graving of  the  bearings  of  the  Dean  and 
Chapter  of  York  in  which  the  keys,  both  or, 
are  surmounted  by  a  mitre  of  the  same  metal, 
whereas  Drake  (p.  534)  and  Poole  and  Hugall 
( '  York  Cathedral,'  p.  200)  give  ancient  ex- 
amples in  which  the  "  chief  "  is  occupied  by 
a  mitre,  and  the  crown,  which  Mr.  FOBMAN 
seems  to  regard  as  inevitable,  is  not  to  be 
found.  ST.  SWITHIN. 


Jloteg  on 

Excursions      in       Victorian      Bibliography.      By 

Michael  Sadleir.     (London  :    Chaundy  and  Cox. 

£1   Is.   net.) 

THERE  must  be  many  book-collectors,  novices 
as  yet  in  the  great  fraternity,  who  are  casting 
about  both  for  a  special  quarry  and  for  guidance 
in  pursuit.  Let  them  hasten  to  possess  themselves 
of  this  book.  To  one  or  other  among  them  an 
author  among  the  eight  dealt  with  by  Mr.  Sadleir 
may  prove  to  be  the  very  man  he  was  looking  for  ; 
and  those  who  find  here  no  such  particular 
suggestion  will  get  a  most  valuable  insight  into  the 
principles  of  bibliography,  as  well  as  an  excellent 
grasp  on  the  total  work  of  each  several  writer, 
a  clear  idea  of  what  to  look  for  in  the  way  of 
cditiones  principes,  and  tests  by  which  to  estimate 
any  finds  of  their  own  which  fall  within  this  scope. 
There  is  an  excellent  note  on  the  terms  used  in 
these  bibliographies,  which  comprises  as  well 
observations  on  Victorian  bookmaking  and 
recommendations  to  collectors. 

The  novice,  then,  will  certainly  come  to  be 
grateful  to  Mr.  Sadleir,  but  it  is  the  practised 
book-collector  who  will  most  heartily  appreciate 
his  work.  He  alone  will  realize  what  delightful 
but  laborious  hours  went  to  the  attainment  of 
this  completeness,  and  to  the  making  of  these 
brief  but  lavishly  provided  notes  ;  he  alone  can 
draw  to  the  full  what  the  compiler  meant  to  be 
drawn  from  it — confirmation  of  real  good  luck, 
caution  as  to  a  doubtful  prize,  and  the  satis- 
faction of  offering  here  and  there  an  addition  or 
correction. 

On  Charles  Reade  and  Mrs.  Gaskell,  Mi'.  Sadleii 
-i\<  s  us  little  or  nothing  by  way  of  introduction  ; 
the  rest  are  provided  with  an  introductory  essay, 
which  groups  the  writer's  works  according  to  their 
character  (thus  supplementing  the  chronological 
arrangement  of  the  bibliography)  and  gives  some 
critical  estimate  of  them.  This  is  done  un- 
pretentiously but  well,  especially  in  regard  to 
the  appreciation  of  the  inferior  writers.  The 
"  guide  to  Trollope,"  which  is  the  most  consider- 
able of  these  essays,  though,  inevitably,  it  strikes 
one  as  less  adequate  to  the  subject,  is  satisfactory 
as  carrying  out  the  purpose  intended. 


Besides  all  this  there  is  a  more  elaborate  essay, 
called  an  '  Advertisement,'  in  which  our  author 

!  lets  us  come  to  much  closer  quarters  with  him- 
self. It  is  something  of  a  piece  of  prose  as 

I  well  as  an  account  of  the  rise  and  progress  of  book- 
collecting,  and  that  in  the  traditional  manner  of 
the  essayist.  The  writer  lights  up  his  theme  with 
charming  bursts  of  confidence  :  "  For  my  part  to 
love  an  author  is  to  collect  him,  for  I  can  read 
no  borrowed  books,  and  only  with  difficulty  such 

j  as  are  not  first  editions  "• — thus  he  proclaims  hirn- 

I  self  an  aristocrat  in  the  realm  of  bibliophily. 
"  To  the  extent  possible  in  fact  and  a  little  beyond 
that  permissible  in  money  I  have  contrived  .  .  . 
to  keep  myself  fairly  supplied  with  *  reading 
firsts  '  "• — thus  he  engagingly  mitigates  our  awe, 
and  unites  himself  to  the  best-beloved  of  book- 
collectors.  The  account  of  his  own  history  as  a 
reader  is  of  substantial  interest.  His  youthful 
imagination  was  caught  by  the  "  decadents,"  to  re- 
act from  them  presently  to  the  "  new  brutality  " 
and  then  to  encounter  the  war.  Nothing  can 
enthral  the  mind  of  an  old  lover  of  literature,  who 

1  has  kept  the  faith,  more  pleasingly  than  the 
observation  of  the  men  of  letters  now  approaching 

i  their  prime,  who  are  beginning  to  show  where 
some  such  line  of  experience  as  this  is  to  lead 
them  out. 

Mr.  Sadleir  provides  at  least  two  words  for  the 
supplement  of  the  '  N.E.D.'  He  speaks  of  his 
own  "  flapperdom  "• — we  had  supposed  the  word 
"  flapper  "  to  be  restricted  to  little  young  ladies  ; 
he  also  speaks  of  the  backs  of  books  as  their 
"spines,"  a  use  which  the  Dictionary  does  not 
record. 

Anglo-S'ixon  and  Norse  Poems.  Edited  and 
translated  by  N.  Kershaw.  (Cambridge  Uni- 
versity Press.  14s.  net.) 

Miss  KERSHA.W  has  here  brought  together  six 
Anglo-Saxon  and  seven  Norse  pieces,  which  have 
been  known  to  scholars  for  some  time,  and  have 
all  been  in  greater  or  less  degree  subject  of  discus- 
sion, but  were  certainly  in  want  of  editing,  and 
worth  editing.  Whether  the  student  is  occupied 
with  language  or  with  verse-forms  and  traditions 
of  construction,  he  will  find  that  each  poem,  in 
its  measure,  repays  a  careful  study  ;  and  there  is 
none  but  will  add  something  to  the  more  intimate 
understanding  of  the  old  Northern  poetry,  and 
of  the  resemblances  and  differences  between  the 
Norse  and  the  Anglo-Saxon.  Each  piece  is 
preceded  by  a  most  careful  introduction,  setting 
out  everything  of  importance  that  has  been  said, 
discovered  or  conjectured  about  it.  An  abun- 
dance of  references  makes  good  the  statements, 
and  notes  on  minuter  details  are  lavishly  supplied. 
Indeed,  the  painstaking  scholarship  shown  in 
this  may  be  praised  without  reservation. 

The  Anglo-Saxon  poems  are  the  so-called  '  Wan- 
derer,' '  The  Sea-farer,'  '  The  Wife's  Complaint,' 
'  The  Husband's  Message  '  and  '  The  Ruin  '  from 
the  Exeter  Book,  with  '  The  Battle  of  Brunan- 
burh.'  The  intrinsic  interest  of  the  poenrs  from 
the  Exeter  Book  is  to  a  great  extent  bound  up 
with  their"  typical  or  abstract  character.  Miss 
j  Kershaw  reasonably  connects  this  with  the  taste 
for  riddle  poetry,  and  she  might,  we  think,  have 
gone  on  to  connect  it  also  with  the  love  of  simile 
i  in  its  more  extended  development,  such  as  we 


420 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


12  S.X.MAY  27,  1922. 


find  in  the  little  vivid  pictures  of  human  activity 
or  experience  in  the  latter  half  of  the  Iliad,  or 
still  more  in  the  Odyssey. 

The  Norse  poems  form  an  obvious  contrast  with 
the  Anglo-Saxon,  both  from  the  editor's  point  of 
view  (for,  instead  of  depending  upon  a  single 
MS.,  the  text  has  to  be  established  by  a  considera- 
tion of  numerous  transcripts)  and  from  that  of 
their  content.  They  are  historical  and  mytho- 
logical, celebrating  heroes,  tragedies  and  battles. 
The  introductory  essays  o*n  these — particularly 
that  on  EgilFs  lament  for  his  two  sons  and  that 
on  the  '  Battle  of  the  Goths  and  Huns  ' — 
are  particularly  to  be  commended.  In  the 
latter  Miss  Kershaw  advances  the  opinion  that  it 
has  been  too  hastily  assumed  that  the  Gothic 
invasion  of  the  regions  of  the  lower  Danube 
implied  the  evacuation  of  their  old  territories. 
The  invaders  may  have  been  a  surplus  population, 
and  the  Roman  report  of  them  could  give  no 
account  of  the  numbers  or  condition  of  the  nation 
at  home.  An  assumption  of  this  kind  would 
have  an  important  bearing  on  the  interpretation 
of  the  oldest  Teutonic  poetry.  The  account  of  the 
perpendicular  loom  to  elucidate  the  grisly  figure 

of  the  web  of  slaughter  in  the  '  Barraoarljotf  '  is 
cleverly  put  together. 

The  wpak  part  of  the  book  will  be  found  in  the 
translations.  Such  a  phrase  as  "It  will  be 
realized  by  him  who  experiences  it "  may  be 
barely  justified  as  rendering  the  main  sense  of 
the  original ;  but  this  would  have  been  easy  to 
render  equally  well  in  simple  English.  Tialf- 
defaced  and  prosaic  words  like  "  realize  "  and 
''  continue  "  are  much  too  common,  and  even  the 
more  vivid  actions  and  figures  of  the  poems 
hardly  avail  to  strike  out  a  happy  turn  of  speech. 
It  may  be  replied  that  the  English  is  meant 
merely  for  a  crib,  but  a  crib,  since  it  is  designed 
to  be  used  by  the  inexperienced,  should  not  jar 
against  the  original. 

The  Letters  from  George  W.  Eveleth  to  Edgar  Allan 
Poe.  Edited  by  Thomas  Ollive  Mabbott.  (The 
New  York  Public  Library.) 

THE  correspondence  between  Eveleth  and  Poe, 
though  slight  in  volume,  possesses  no  little  intrinsic 
interest.  Eveleth  was  a  young  man  away  in 
Maine,  who  selected  Poe  from  all  the  writers  of 
whom  he  knew  anything  for  "  his  especial  favour- 
ite." He  wrote  to  Poe,  telling  him  this,  in  a 
lengthy  letter  of  headlong  enthusiasm,  craving 
more  of  Poe's  work,  and  setting  out  what  he  liked 
in  it.  A  correspondence  grew  up  of  which,  on 
Eveleth's  side,  we  have  eleven  letters  in  little 
more  than  three  years.  The  two  men  never 
met,  but  Eveleth's  criticisms  counted  for  some- 
thing with  Poe — and  deservedly.  No  small 
degree  of  personal  intimacy  soon  arose  between 
them,  and  this  young  admirer  found  courage  to 
send  his  friend  not  only  frank  notice  of  any 
falling  off  in  work,  but  also  warnings  as  to  his 
dangerous  course  of  life. 

These  letters  were  omitted  when  Poe's '  Complete 
Works  '  were  published  by  Professor  Harrison  in 
1902,  their  existence  being  known  but  not  their 
whereabouts.  They  had  been,  with  the  rest  of 
Poe's  papers,  in  the  hands  of  R.  W.  Griswold, 
his  literary  executor,  but  were  sold  at  auction 
in  1896,  and  thus  not  included  in  Mrs.  Griswold's 
subsequent  gift  of  the  Poe  material  to  the  Boston 


Public  Library.  It  is  satisfactory  that  they  havo 
now  been  recovered  and  have  found  a  capable 
editor.  "  Poe-specialists  "  (Mr.  Mabbott  tells  us 
Eveleth  was  the  first  "  Poe-specialist  ")  will  need 
no  reminder  about  their  value  :  the  general 
reader  will  like  them  for  their  engaging  naivete, 
their  shrewdness,  their  occasional  success  in 
criticism,  and  the  light  they  throw  on  youthful 
opinion  in  the  America  of  the  mid-nineteenth 
century.  The  brochure  gives  us  Woolf's  portrait 
of  Poe  and  a  reproduction  of  Mielatz's  etching  of 
the  Poe  cottage  at  Fordham. 

A    Middle    English    Vocabulary.     By    J.    R.    R. 

Tolkien.  (Clarendon  Press.  4s.  6d.  net.) 
THIS  vocabulary  is  designed  for  use  with  Sisam's 
'  Fourteenth  Century  Verse  and  Prose.'  Students 
should  certainly  make  a  note  of  it,  since  it  ought 
considerably  to  increase  the  profit  of  studying 
that  preparatory  volume.  The  plan  has  been 
well  conceived,  for  the  attention  is  here  given 
mainly  to  building  up  a  good  working  knowledge 
of  the  mass  of  relatively  inconspicuous  words 
which  form  the  backbone  or  general  substance 
of  the  language.  So  far  as  we  have  examined  it 
the  vocabulary  completely  answers  its  intention, 
and  we  have  nothing  but  praise  for  it  whether  as 
to  fullness  of  matter,  system  of  cross-references, 
general  arrangement,  or  accuracy.  A  useful 
Index  of  Names  is  appended  to  the  Glossary. 

The    Ancient    Buildings    of    Folkestone    District. 

(First    Series.)       By   W.  H.  E.     (Folkestone, 

F.  J.  Parsons.) 

MB.  W.  H.  ELGAB  needs  no  introduction  to  anyone 
interested  in  the  antiquities  of  Kent.  He  gives 
us  here  a  collection  of  articles  which  have  appeared 
in  The  Folkestone  Herald,  and  which  we  are  not 
surprised  to  learn  have  been  demanded  in  book 
form.  A  word  should  be  said  in  appreciation  of 
the  two  pages  headed  '  General,'  where  we  get  a 
short,  but  very  useful,  resume  of  the  antiquities 
of  the  district  dealt  with.  Each  bxiilding  discussed 
is  illustrated  by  a  drawing  and  a  plan  by  the 
author's  hand,  and  this  first  series  comprises 
twenty-six  of  them.  The  letterpress  has  the 
unmistakable  character  of  a  record  of  first-hand 
work.  Though  Mr.  Elgar  has  acquainted  himself 
with  what  antiquaries  before  him  have  found  and 
said,  he  has  gone  over  the  buildings  and  the 
records  afresh  for  himself,  and  to  minute  care 
and  exactness  is  thus  able  to  add  the  touch  of 
life.  Some  of  these  buildings,  and  especially 
Sandgate  Castle,  will  recall  to  old  friends  of 
'  N.  &  Q.'  the  name  of  the  late  Colonel  R.  J. 
Fynmore.  The  churches  and  the  castles  dealt 
with  are,  of  course,  well  known,  but  some  readers 
may  be  glad  to  know  that  they  will  find  here  a 
description,  with  plan  and  section,  of  the  Martello 
towers. 


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NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


421 


LONDON,  JUNE  3,  1922. 


(then   Mrs.    Broadbent)    sent   it  to   Puttick  and 
Simpson's  in    1861,   when   it   was   purchased  by 
OONTENTS.-NO.  216.  ,  Miss  Burdett-Coutts  for  about  *360. 

The  possessional  pedigree  of  this  famous 

NOTES  :-Eowland  Stephenson.  M.P.  Banker  and  Bankrupt.  chair  igFworth  a      ^  £    «  N>   &   Q/   for  its 
421 — Marat    in    England.    422 — Robert    Hemck  s    Grave,  .  v        xi_        11  e  -± 

426^Tottings  on  some  Early  Editions  of  the  Bible  in  Latin.  Own  mterest  ;  but  the  allusion  to  One  of  its 
427— "The  Pickwick  Papers"  :  Martin— Equilinear  Squares,  Owners — Rowland  Stephenson,  the  notorious 
428— Eighteenth-century  Taverns:  Printing  House  Square— '  absconding  banker  and  bankrupt— arouses 

Cat  Comfort— Apprentices  to  and  from  Overseas.  429.       I  a  special  interest  for  myself,  and  suggests 


QUERIES  :- 
"  Chinese  " 


-An  Asiatic  Orpheus— Eduardo  G.  Gordon.  429 — 
Gordon    in  Sculpture — Byron    and    the  Royal 


Society — Hazlitt  as  a  Portrait-painter — Bull  of  West  Jersey — 
Rhyming  History  of  Rome — Palindrome  on  a  Sundial — 
Yates — Subscriptions  for  Polish  Dissidents.  430— The 
Pawnbroker's  Sign — American  Civil  War — Languages  of 
Eastern  Europe — Stone  Sign,  Corner  of  Warwick  Lane  and 
Newgate  Street— "  Regent  "  =  Leg-rest— J.  G.  Butcher- 
Blair — Brade— London  Clockmakers— Superstitions  con- 
cerning Salt — Tailless  Cats — Heredity— National  Foods. 
431 — Tokeley  Gully — Author  of  Phrase  wanted — Authors 
of  Quotations  wanted.  432. 

REPLIES  :— Nicholas  Hilliard— Old  and  New  Style— Re- 
versing the  Union  Jack,  432 — Prime  Minister,  433 — Wroth 
Family— Burial  of  Lord  Zouche.  434—'  The  King,  the 
Bishop,  and  the  Shepherd  ' — Armstrong — Sir  John  Bourne. 
435 — Salad — The  Countess  Guiccioli's  'Recollections  of  Lord 
Byron  ' — Hubert  de  Rie  and  Fulbert  of  Dover — The  Montfort 
Families — Oldest  Halfpenny  Evening  Newspaper,  436 — 
Nineteenth-century  Writers  on  Sport  —  Barrel  Organs  in 
Churches — 'William  Cullen — Dickins's  Literary  Allusions — 
The  One-legged  Lord  Mayor,  437 — Identification  of  Arms — 
Hudson  Pedigree — Martin — Authors  wanted,  438. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :  '  English  Tracts,  Pamphlets  and  Printed 
Sheets  '— '  The  Owl  and  the  Nightingale  '— '  A  Contribution 
to  an  Essex  Dialect  Dictionary  ' — '  Bicentenary  Gloucester 
Journal ' — '  English  Prose.' 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


ROWLAND    STEPHENSON,    M.P., 
BANKER    AND    BANKRUPT. 

AT  the  recent  seven  days'  sale  at  Christie's 
of  the  late  Baroness  Burdett-Coutts's  collec- 
tion of  pictures  and  works  of  art,  as  is 
recorded  in  The  Times  Literary  Supplement 
of  May  18, 

the  Garrick-Hogarth-Sliakcspciire  chair,  designed 
by  Hogarth,  of  mahogany,  the  centre  with  a 
profile  portrait  of  Shakespeare  carved  out  of  a 
piece  of  Shakespeare's  mulberry-tree,  realized 
2,000  guineas.  It  was  presented  to  Garrick  as 
President  of  the  Shakespeare  Society  of  the  day, 
and  after  Mrs.  Garrick's  death  it  was  sold  (for 
145  guineas)  with  other  Shakespeare  relics  at 
Garrick's  villa  at  Hampton.  It  was  bought  by 
Rowland  Stephenson,  the  banker  M.P.  for  Leo- 
minster,  treasurer  of  St.  Bartholomew's  Hospital, 
&c.,  who  absconded  with  a  large  sum  of  money 
in  1828,  producing  one  of  the  great  commercial 


sensations   of   the   time. 


In    1829   the  chair 


a  question  I  have  long  Wished  to  submit. 

A  Rowland  Stephenson  was  returned  to 
the  House  of  Commons  in  November,  1786, 
for  Carlisle  on  petition,  after*a  contest  in 
which  he  had  been  defeated  by  Edward 
Knubley  by  553  votes  to  405.  If  that  be 
the  Rowland  Stephenson  under  notice,  he 
apparently  did  not  again  seek  Parliamentary 
honours  after  the  dissolution  of  1790  for 
thirty-six  years,  being,  on  June  14,  1826, 
returned  at  the  General  Election — but  again 
on  petition — for  Leominster  as  "  Rowland 
Stephenson,  Esq.,  of  Marshalls,  County 
Essex."  But — and  it  is  not  the  least  singular 
episode  in  a  very  curious  career — this  was 
only  one  of  two  contests  in  which  Stephenson 
was  a  candidate  at  that  dissolution,  the  other 
being  at  Newport,  Cornwall.  It  adds  to  the 
singularity  that  not  only,  as  far  as  I  am 
aware,  has  this  second  candidature  not  been 
mentioned  in  any  biographical  account,  but 
that,  while  in  the  Herefordshire  constituency 
he  stood  as  a  Tory,  in  the  Cornish  one  he 
masqueraded  as  a  Whig. 

In  my  *  Launceston,  Past  and  Present,' 
published  in  1885,  I  told  in  some  detail  the 
story  of  the  Newport  contest  (pp.  310-12), 
on  the  authority  of  my  late  father,  Richard 
Robbins — an  old  contributor  to  '  N.  &  Q.' — 
who,  as  a  boy  of  nine,  had  taken  part  in 
a  procession  to  welcome  the  Whig  candidate 
into  the  borough.  The  whole  affair  seems 
to  have  been  a  suspicious  transaction  from 
its  inception.  It  began  at  the  end  of  1824 


in    a    forged    letter    attributed    to    a 
resident     of     electoral     importance, 


local 
who, 


though  he  denied  ils  authenticity,  assisted 
to  bring  Stephenson  to  the  place.  The 
latter's  arrival  was  greeted  with  bands, 
banners,  and  beer,  in  accordance  with  the 
fashion  of  the  time,  which  dictated  also  the 
scattering  of  red-hot  coins  from  a  frying- 
pan  among  the  crowd  waiting  outside  a 
hotel  at  which  the  candidate  and  his  friends 
were  dining  freely.  But,  when  the  poll 
came,  overwhelming  defeat  awaited  the 
banker,  and  he  disappeared  from  Cornish 
ken.  . 

OV    I  IO«UI   i-   '  I  10        VJL         ill'  I    ill  I'     .        •        »        •        AJL*  »••_.'         VXJ.^7        i     Il«MI  mi  1  i  1  1    •  I?         i  1 

again  came  into  the  market,  and  was  purchased        There  happens  to  be  no  mention  of  the 
by  a  Mr.  Frith,  a  London  merchant,  whose  widow  !  Newport    contest     throughout     The    Times' 


422 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [i2S.x-j.nra3, 1022. 


references  day  by  day  to  the  General  Election 
of  1826  ;  while,  what  is  more  singular,  there 
is  sisimilar  absence  of  allusion  to  the  Stephen- 
son  candidature  in  The  West  Briton  of  T|ruro, 
an  |^old-established  and  still  nourishing 
county  paper.  All  that  it  said  was  on 
June  9  : — 

Borough  Election,  Newport. — An  attempt  has 
been  made  to  oppose  the  [Tory]  nominees  of  the 
Duke  of  Northumberland  for  this  place,  by  a 
canvass  in  favour  of  Sir  H.  Willoughby,  but  it  is 
believed  the  interest  of  His  Grace  is  too  strong 
to  be  shaken.  • 

And  a  week  later  it  simply  recorded  the 
return  of  the  Duke's  nominees,  without  any 
note  of  a  contest.  Sir  Henry  Willoughby 
of  Baldon  House,  Oxford,  sat,  I  may  add, 
for  Yarmouth  (Isle  of  Wight)  as  a  Whig  in 
the  short  Parliament  of  1831. 

In  face  of  this  important  evidence,  I  might 
have  been  tempted  lo  distrust  the  memory 
of  my  father — though  it  was  one  of  the  most 
precise,  especially  in  regard  to  political 
events,  I  have  ever  known — if  it  had  not 
been  for  the  discovery  of  a  piece  of 
contemporary  evidence  which  proves  that  a 

Eoll  at  Newport  did  take  place.  During  the 
3W  months  immediately  covering  the 
preparation  for  and  the  conclusion  of  a  con- 
test for  Launceston  (in  which  borough  New- 
port, by  the  Reform  Act,  had  been  merged) 
there  was  issued  in  that  town  a  weekly 
journal  called  The  Reformer,  for  the  printers 
of  which  my  father  as  a  lad  worked.  In 
its  issue  for  Oct.  13,  1832,  there  was  the 
following  precise  statement : — 

At  the  time  when  Roland  [sic]  Stephenson 
opposed  the  Duke  of  Northumberland's  interest 
in  the  Borough  of  Newport ;  one  of  the  voters 
named  Ball,  who  was  in  the  receipt  of  a  weekly 
stipend  from  the  Duke,  and  who  appeared 
emaciated  from  sickness,  and  almost  at  Death's 
door,  came  forward  to  tender  his  vote  for  the 
Duke's  nominee.  Mr.  Sergeant  [sic]  Wilde 
demanded  that  the  bribery  oath  should  be  adminis- 
tered to  him,  which  was  done  accordingly  by  the 
late  Mr.  C.  Lethbridge,  as  the  deputy  returning 
Officer.  On  his  requesting  Ball  to  kiss  the  Gospels, 
the  Book  fell  from  his  hand.  A  s'econd  time  was 
the  oath  administered  to  him,  but  with  like  effect. 
We  shall  never  forget  the  piercing  look  which 
Mr.  Lethbridge  gave  him,  as  if  he  would  have 
crtished  the  poor  fellow  into  the  earth,  and  walked 
round  the  Table,  where  the  voter  was  standing 
and  says  to  him,  "  You  are  to  swear  that  you  have 
received  no  bribe  to  vote  at  THIS  Election."  THIS 
Election,  mind  I  !  !  With  this  salve  to  his 
conscience  the  poor  dying  creature  swallowed  the 
oath. 

Serjeant  Wilde — afterwards  Chief  Justice 
of  the  Common  Pleas  and  (as»Lord  Truro) 
Lord  Chancellor — was  the  well-known  Whig 
lawyer  of  the  day,  who  was  afterwards  in 


turn  Mr.  Gladstone's  opponent  and  colleague 
n  the  representation  of  Newark  ;  and  his 
appearance  on  the  scene  can  be  accounted 
:or  by  the  fact  that  he  went  the  Western 
Circuit.  "  Mr.  C.  Lethbridge  "  was  Christo- 
pher Lethbridge,  Deputy  Recorder  for 
Launceston  (successive  Dukes  of  Northum- 
aerland  being  the  Recorder)  at  various 
periods  from  the  closing  years  of  the  eigh- 
teenth century,  his  last  term  being  from  1820 
until  his  death  on  Oct.  15,  1830,  at  the  age 
of  69.  He  was  succeeded  in  the  office  by 
tiis  son,  John  King  Lethbridge,  who  was 
the  most  active  agent  for  the  Duke  in  the 
1832  contest,  and  the  constant  subject  of 
Whig  attack  as  "  King  John."  In  view  of 
The  Reformer's  precise  assertions,  the  fact 
that  there  was  a  poll  for  Newport  in  which 
Stephenson  was  concerned  cannot  be  dis- 
puted. The  mystery,  however,  is  deepened 
by  the  fact  that  the  two  contests  in  counties 
far  apart  in  which  he  was  engaged  took  place 
contemporaneously,  the  return  for  Newport 
and  Leominster  being  the  same  date,  June  14, 
1826,  those  of  a  number  of  boroughs  in 
which  no  poll  was  taken  being  given  as  that 
of  nomination  day,  which  in  various  instances 
was  as  early  as  June  9.  Any  further  light 
would  be  welcome  on  this  very  curious 
electoral  incident,  involving  what  appears 
to  be  singular  trickery  by  one  who  was 
so  soon  to  prove  himself  to  the  world  a 
thoroughly  tricky  man. 

ALFRED  ROBBINS. 


MARAT   IN   ENGLAND. 

(See  ante,  pp.  381,  403.) 
FROM  the  foregoing,  then,  we  may  gain 
a  fairly  accurate  notion  of  the  status,  pro- 
fessional, financial  and  social,  of  Jean  Paul 
Marat  in  England  during  the  years  1766  to 
1776.  Thrown  entirely  on  his  own  resources, 
we  find  him  dividing  his  energies  between 
abstract  science,  anonymous  political  propa- 
ganda and  unlicensed  traffic  in  human  and 
veterinary  medicine,  in  none  of  which 
spheres  is  he  able  to  make  any  appreciable 
headway.  Indeed,  shackled,  as  we  have 
seen,  by  a  heavy  load  of  debt,  his  books 
having  proved  costly  failures  and  his  medical 
efforts  insufficient  to  provide  either  recog- 
nized professional  qualifications  or  even 
anything  very  definite  in  the  shape  of  "  a 
local  habitation  and  a  name,"  Jean  Paul 
must,  about  this  time,  have  been  hard  put 
to  it  to  keep  the  wolf  from  the  door.  It  is 
true,  he  still  possessed  the  more  modest 


12  S.  X.JUNE  3, 


NOTES   AND   QUERIES. 


423 


accomplishment  of  maitre  de  langues,  already 
helpfully  exercised  at  Bordeaux,  and  perhaps 
also  at  Edinburgh,  Newcastle  and  elsewhere. 
But  even  here  engagements  are  uncertain 
and  earnings  scant.  How,  then,  was  he  to 
obtain  the  sheer  necessaries  of  life,  to  stave 
off  actual  want  ?  On  this  point  no  direct 
evidence  is  available.  Let  us  see,  however, 
what  light  indirect  sources  may  furnish. 

In  the  year  1813  a  publication  called  The 
Monthly  Repository  printed  a  series  of 
articles  by  the  Rev.  W.  Turner,  dealing  with 
the  history  of  Warrington  Academy,  at 
which  Dr.  Priestley,  the  famous  scientist 
and  philosopher,  had  j?een  a  tutor  from 
September,  1761,  to  September,  1767,  and 
the  Rev.  Turner  himself  a  former  student. 
In  these  articles  it  is  stated,  on  the  authority 
of  the  school  records,  that,  in  the  year  1766, 
John  Reinhold  Forster  was  appointed  pro- 
fessor of  modern  languages,  but  that  he  did 
not  stay  long,  and  that  after  his  departure 
various  attempts  were  made  to  secure  a 
foreigner  to  teach  modern  languages  at  the 
Academy,  the  masters  engaged  including 
"  a  M.  Fontain  la  Tour,  aM.  le  Maitre,  alias 
Mara,  and  a  M.  Louis  Guery,"  but  that  none 
of  these  remained  for  any  length  of  time, 
and  that,  finally,  an  Englishman  was  ap- 
pointed who  had  resided  abroad  and  who 
remained  until  the  closing  of  the  Academy 
in  1783  (pp.  288,  578).  The  following  note 
by  the  author  of  the  articles  is  appended  to 
the  name  of  Mara  : — 

There  is  great  reason  to  believe  that  this  was 
the  infamous  Marat,  the  associate  of  Robespierre 
and  the  victim  of  Charlotte  Corday.  It  is  known 
that  he  was  in  England  about  this  time  and  pub- 
lished in  London  a  philosophical  essay  on  the 
connexion  between  the  body  and  the  soul  of 
man,  and  somewhere  in  the  country  had  a  principal 
hand  in  printing  a  work  of  considerable  ability 
but  of  seditious  tendency  entitled  '  The  Chains 
of  Slavery.'  Mara,  as  his  name  is  spelt  in  the 
minutes  of  the  Academy,  very  soon  left  Warring- 
ton,  whence  he  went  to  Oxford,  robbed  the  Ash- 
molean  Museum,  escaped  to  Ireland,  was  appre- 
hended in  Dublin,  tried  and  convicted  in  Oxford 
under  the  name  of  Le  Maitre,  and  sentenced  to 
the  hulks  at  Woolwich.  Here  one  of  his  old 
pupils  at  Warrington,  a  native  of  Bristol,  saw 
him.  He  was  afterwards  a  bookseller  in  Bristol 
and  failed,  and  was  confined  in  the  gaol  of  that 
city,  but  released  by  the  society  there  for  the 
relief  of  prisoners  confined  for  small  sums.  One 
of  that  society,  who  had  personally  relieved  him 
in  Bristol  gaol,  afterwards  saw  him  in  the  National 
Assembly  in  Paris  in  1792  (p.  578  n.). 

One  or  two  observations  occur  upon  this 
note,  (i.)  It  will  be  seen  that  the  actual 
date  of  Le  Mattre's  engagement  at  Warring- 
ton  is  not  given  by  the  writer.  From  the 


fact,  however,  that  none  of  the  four  masters 
appointed  after  1766  is  said  to  have  "  stayed 
for  any  length  of  time,"  it  might  be  inferred 
that  the  sojourn  of  Le  Maitre  occurred 
within  some  two  or  three  years  at  most 
from  that  date  ;  whereas  had  it  roughly 
synchronized,  as  the  writer  implies,  with 
the  publication  of  the  '  Essay  on  the  Human 
Soul,'  it  would  not  have  occurred  until  1772, 
a  date  which  is  in  fact  corroborated  by  the 
letter  of  C.  J.  P.  referred  to  towards  the  end 
of  the  present  article.  '  The  Chains  of 
Slavery,'  it  will  also  be  recalled,  was  not 
published  until  1774,  nor  did  the  Oxford 
robbery  take  place  xintil  1776.  (ii.)  In 
1858,  some  45  years  after  the  Rev.  Turner's 
articles,  a  Mr.  H.  T.  Bright  contributed 
a  short  sketch  of  Warrington  Academy  to  the 
Historical  Society  of  Lancashire  and  Che- 
shire, in  which,  after  stating  that  "  a  few 
years  ago  a  parcel  of  papers  belonging  to  the 
founder  of  the  Academy  was  rescued  from 
the  hands  of  a  Liverpool  cheesemonger  who- 
was  using  them  for  the  ordinary  purposes  of 
his  shop,"  he  proceeded  to  dispute  the  sugges- 
tion that  J.  P.  Marat  •  had  ever  been  at 
Warrington.  Purporting  to  give  the  argu- 
ments pro  and  con,  he  remarks  : — 

Marat  was  certainly  in  England  at  or  about  this; 
time  and  had  just  published  a  philosophical  essay 
on  the  connexion  between  the  body  and  the  soul 
of  man.  There  is  also  the  fact  that  a  certain  walk 
in  Warrington  still  goes,  so  I  am  informed,  by  the 
name  of  "  Marat's  Walk."  But  I  fear  the  testi- 
mony on  the  negative  side  is  stronger.  In  the 
first  place  Mr.  Turner  is,  I  believe,  in  error  about 
the  name  of  Mara  appearing  on  the  minutes  of 
the  Academy.  I  have  searched  them,  through, 
and  employed  the  assistance  of  another  for  the 
same  purpose,  and  the  name  of  neither  Marat  nor 
Le  Maitre  could  be  found  by  us.  In  the  eight  pi- 
ten  Academy  reports  before  me  I  find  a  M.  Fantin 
la  Tour,  but  here,  too,  the  name  of  Mara  or  Le 
Maitre  is  absent.  Lastly,  Miss  Aiken  (a  descendant 
of  a  former  tutor),  to  whom  I  applied,  informs  me 
that  there  was  an  alarm  about  Marat,  but  investi- 
gation set  the  matter  at  rest,  they  were  certainly 
different  men.  ( Transactions,  vol.  xi.,  pp.  1-30.) 

Now,  with  many  of  the  school  documents^ 
lost  and  the  name  of  one  of  the  alleged  tutors 
found  in  those  that  remained,  it  is  idle  to- 
suppose  that  the  Rev.  Turner,  with  the  full 
records  before  him,  could  have  invented  the 
names  of  the  other  two.  But  Mr.  Bright 
really  confutes  himself  here,  for  Miss  Aiken 
practically  admits  that  there  was  a  tutor  of 
similar  name  to  Marat,  otherwise  there  would 
have  been  no  occasion  for  alarm  and  investi- 
gation ;  her  contention  merely  is  that  they 
were  different  men.  \Ve  shall  see  presently 
that  the  Rev.  Turner  is  amply  confirmed  on 


424 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


f!2  S.  X.  JUNES,  1922. 


this  point  both  by  former  pupils  of  Le  Maitre 
and  others.  With  regard  to  the  inquiry 
actually  held;  this  does  not  seem,  from  Miss 
Aiken's  curt  reference,  to  have  been  a  very 
searching  affair.  It  certainly  lacked  the 
evidence  which  has  since  been  accumulated, 
and  may  well  have  been  satisfied  by  the 
difference  in  spelling  of  the  two  names,  or  the 
fact  that  one  was  John  Peter  and  the  other 
Jean  Paul,  (iii.)  It  should  be  noticed  that 
though  the  Re v.Turner  quotes  one  eyewitness 
to  prove  that  the  Le  Maitre  of  Warrington  and 
the  Le  Maitre  of  Oxford  were  the  same  person, 
and  another  to  prove  that  the  Bristol  book- 
seller was  the  revolutionary  Marat,  we  have 
as  yet  only  his  own  unsupported  assertion 
that  Le  Maitre  and  the  Bristol  bookseller 
were  identical.  Later  on  we  shall  have  to 
see  how  far  this  all-important  link  has  been 
strengthened.  Meanwhile,  contemporaneous 
publications  throw  further  light  on  the 
Oxford  incident.  The  Gentleman's  Magazine 
for  Feb.  1,  1776,  is  first  in  the  field  with  the 
following  : — 

The  Museum  at  Oxford  was  robbed  of  a  great 
quantity  of  valuable  medals  and  coins  by  a  Swiss 
hairdresser.  Amongst  others  is  a  golden  piece  of 
the  Emperor  Otho,  not  to  be  matched  in  any  of  the 
cabinets  of  Europe. 

On  Feb.  9,  Lloyd's  Evening  Post,  referring 
to  the  same  occurrence,  adds  that : — • 

The  thief  posted  to  London  to  a  friend  in  White 
Cross  Street,  where  he  continued  all  last  Sunday 
(week).  On  Monday  morning  he  sent  his  acquaint- 
ance out  to  sell  medals,  &c.  The  man  having 
75old  £8  worth,  the  thief  then  set  off  for  Gravesend 
to  embark  for  the  Continent. 

The  Morning  Post  of  the  same  date  relates 
that : — 

On  Wednesday  (week)  last  an  express  arrived 
at  Sir  John  Fielding's  office  from  Oxford  with  an 
account  that  on  Sunday  (week)  last,  one  Le  Maitre, 
a  native  of  Switzerland,  had  broken  into  the 
Museum  at  Oxford.  The  description  no  sooner 
came  to  the  office  than  Mr.  Bond  set  an  inquiry  on 
foot,  and  soon  discovered  where  the  man  had  put 
up  on  his  coming  to  town,  and  that  he  had  disposed 
of  four  medals,  all  that  can  be  recovered,  as  he 
immediately  set  off  for  France,  where  he  must  have 
arrived  before  any  effectual  pursuit. 

On  Saturday,  Feb.  10,  Jackson's  Oxford 
Journal,  a  weekly  publication,  states  that : — 

On  Monday  last  it  was  discovered  that  the 
Ashmolean  Museum  in  this  University  had  been 
robbed  of  divers  gold  medals,  chains,  &c.,  to  the 
amount  of  upwards  of  £100.  The  person  that 
appears  to  have  committed  the  robbery  (who  calls 
himself  Le  Maitre  and  lately  settled  here  as  a 
teacher  of  drawing  for  Tambour,  &c.,  &c.),  dis- 
posed of  the  medals  and  a  Queen  Anne's  five- 
guinea  piece  before  he  left  Oxford,  and  took  post-  I 
horses  from  hence  towards  London  last  Saturday  j 
evening.  Proper  persons  are  in  pursuit  of  the 


offender,  and  it  is  hoped  he  will  not  be  able  to 
escape  justice. 

On  Feb.  12,  Edward  Creswell,  an  under- 
graduate of  Christchurch,  Oxford,  is  shown 
to  have  written  to  a  relative  at  Tunbridge 
Wells  as  follows  :— 

I  shall  now  tell  you  a  piece  of  news  respecting  a 
robbery  which  was  committed  here  lately.  About 
a  week  ago,  a  native  of  France,  who  calls  himself 
Le  Maitre  and  was  formerly  a  teacher  at  Warring- 
ton  Academy,  being  invited  here  by  a  gentleman 
of  this  college  to  teach  the  French  language,  came 
over  here  and  met  with  great  encouragement  in 
the  University,  but  happening  to  get  acquainted 
with  Mr.  Milnes,  a  gentleman  of  Corpus  Christi 
I  College,  who  is  the  keeper  of  the  Museum  and 
!  several  other  natural  curiosities,  he  prevailed  on  him 
|  by  repeated  importunities  to  let  him  have  a  view 
!  of  them.  Accordingly  they  both  went  together, 
;  and  after  Mons.  Le  Maitre  had  viewed  a  great 
;  while,  Mr.  Milnes,  from  the  suspicion  he  enter- 
tained of  his  behaviour,  under  the  pretence  of 
getting  rid  of  him,  told  him  that  he  must  now  go 
out  immediately.  But  the  Frenchman  excused 
himself  by  saying  that  he  would  retire  into  the 
other  apartments,  and  whilst  the  strangers  that 
were  admitted  were  surveying  the  curiosities 
with  more  than  ordinary  attention,  this  artful 
villain  retired  from  them  and  concealed  himself 
under  a  dark  staircase  that  led  into  the  street, 
where  he  stayed  till  the  company  had  gone  out, 
after  which  he  stole  medals  and  coin  to  the  amount 
of  £200  and  upwards,  and  got  clear  away  with  his 
j  booty.  It  was  somewhat  observable  that  he  was 
lurking  near  the  Museum  some  time  before  this 
affair  happened  and  very  frequently  desired  to  be 
admitted  as  soon  as  he  got  a  view  of  the  medals.  I 
am  sorry  I  have  not  time  to  tell  you  a  few  more 
particulars  concerning  this  transaction,  but  I  will 
defer  it  until  I  know  more.  («  N.  &  Q.,'  2  S.  x.  214, 
Sept.  1 5,  1 860.  The  original  of  this  letter  is  stated 
to  be  in  the  possession  of  the  contributor,  ap- 
parently Dr.  S.  F.  Creswell,  D.D.,  of  Northreppe, 
a  grandson  of  the  writer  ;  see  Globe,  Feb.  28,  1890. 
A  second  letter,  merely  giving  the  result  of  the 
trial,  was  written  by  Mr.  Creswell  13  months 
later.) 

On  Feb.  17,  The  Oxford  Journal  states  :— 
Last  night  it  was  reported  that  Le  Maitre,  the 
person  charged  with  robbing  our  Museum,  had  been 
seen  on  his  way  for  Liverpool,  in  order  to  embark 
for  Ireland,  but  this  account  differs  widely  from  the 
intelligence  hitherto  obtained  relative  to  that 
offender. 

On  Feb.  19,  Richard  Hutchinson,  a  jeweller 
at  Norwich,  writes  to  the  Museum  authorities 
at  Oxford  as  follows  : — 

The  account  from  Sir  John  Fielding  relative  to 
the  robbery  from  your  Museum  came  down  to  the 
Mayor  of  this  city,  but  yesterday,  as  soon  as  I  heard 
of  it,  I  gave  an  account  of  what  coins  and  medals 
were  in  my  possession  which  I  had  bought  from 
Mara,  the  account  of  which  was  last  night  sent  by 
the  one  day  coach  to  Sir  John  Fielding,  and  suppose 
you'll  have  heard  from  him  by  the  time  you'll 
receive  this.  I  should  not  have  bought  them  from 
a  stranger,  but  he  came  to  my  shop  with  a  Mr. 


12S.X.  JUNES,  1922;] 


NOTES   AND   QUERIES. 


425 


Rigby,  one  of  the  principal  surgeons  here  who  was 
imposed  (upon)  by  him  as  he  had  formerly  seen  { 
him   at   Warrington   as    a   French   tutor   to   the 
Academy  there.     Mr.  Rigby  with  myself  and  Mr.  \ 
Brown  (who  was  also  deceived  by  Mara's  plausible  ; 
story  and  entertained  him  very  hospitably)  are 
very   willing   (though  with   the    greatest    incon- 
venience to  them)  to  come  over  to  Oxford,  to  see  , 
you  and  the  public  justice  if  he  should  be  taken, 
which,  from  his  singularity  of  person,  I  think  there 
«an  be  no  doubt  of.     If  the  handbill  sent  by  Sir 
John  Fielding,  dated  Public  Office,  Bow  Street,  . 
February  7th,  1776,  had  fortunately  been  sent  to 
Norwich   immediately,    we   should   have   seen   it  i 
before  Mara  left  Norwich,  for  he  had  the  impudence 
to  stay  here  three  days  and  appear  in  all  public 
places,  he  went  away  on    the   10th,  and    at   the 
•concert  on  the  Friday  night  wore  on  his  neck  a 
chain  (I  never  saw)  he  had  the  impudence  to  go  ' 
with  that,  many  people  saw  him  at  the  concert,  j 
(Art.  by  Mr.  H.  S.  Ashbee,  author  of   '  Marat  en  : 
Angleterre,'  The  Academy,  July,  1893,  pp.  14-15.  j 
The  original  of  the  above  letter  is  preserved  in  the  : 
Ashmolean  Museum.) 

On  March  9,  Jackson's  Oxford  Journal  \ 
announces  that  :  —  - 

All   the  medals  stolen     by  Le   Maitre,  now  a  j 
prisoner  in  Dublin,  will  be  recovered   by  paying 
what  they  were  sold  for  to  the  different  persons 
who  pxirchased  them. 

Nothing  further  appears  to  have  been 
heard  of  Le  Maitre  until  Sept.  9  of  the  same 
year,  when  the  last-named  journal  chronicles 
that  :  —  • 

John  Peter  le  Maitre,  alias  Mara,  was  brought  to 
our  castle  in  custody  of  a  King's  Messenger  from 
Newgate  in  Dublin  by  virtue  of  a  writ  of  Habeas 
Corpus  directed  to  the  Mayor  of  that  City.  And 
on  Monday  last  the  prisoner  was  brought  before 
the  Rev.  Dr.  Fothergill,  V.C.  of  this  University, 
and  re-committed  to  take  his  trial  at  the  next 
Assizes  .  .  .  for  feloniously  stealing  the  goods  of 
the  University. 

Finally,     Jackson's    Oxford    Journal    for 
Saturday,  March  8,    17J7,  gives  the  details 
result  of  the  trial  as  follows  :— 


On  Thursday  (the  6th  of  March,  1777),  the 
business  of  the  Crown  Bar  was  opened  before  Mr. 
Baron  Eyre,  by  the  trial  of  John  Peter  le  Maitre, 
•alias  Matra,  alias  Mara,  upon  a  Bill  found  by  the 
Grand  Jury  at  our  last  Assizes,  and  in  consequence 
of  which  the  prisoner  was  removed  by  Habeas 
•Corpus  from  Newgate  in  Dublin,  in  which  city  he 
was  apprehended,  for  robbing  the  Ashmolean 
Museum  of  this  University  of  divers  gold  medals, 
a  Queen  Anne's  five-guinea  piece,  and  two  gold 
chains,  together  intrinsically  worth  upwards  of 
two  hundred  pounds.  Previous  to  the  examina- 
tion of  evidence,  Le  Maitre  harangued  the  Court 
for  a  considerable  time  upon  his  own  situation 
(with  considerable  ability  and  no  small  degree  of 
confidence),  praying  his  Lordship  to  indulge  him 
with  pen,  ink  and  paper  ;  not  to  be  offended  at 
his  ignorance  of  the  laws  of  this  country,  being 
himself  a  foreigner  ;  expressing  the  hopes  that  he 
•should  have  the  assistance  and  protection  of  the 
Court  ;  and,  having  no  Counsel,  be  permitted  to 


cross-examine  the  evidence.    The  use  of  pen,  ink 
and  paper  was  readily  granted. 

The  Trial  then  proceeded  and  the  first  evidence 
deposed,  that  between  the  3rd  and  5th  of  February, 
1776,  the  Museum  of  which  this  witness  had  the 
care  under  the  keeper,  was  robbed  of  gold  medaJs, 
in  number  from  thirteen  to  sixteen,  and  likewise 
two  gold  chains. — A  silversmith  from  Norwich 
was  next  called,  who  produced  two  medals  and 
a  couple  of  gold  chains  purchased  by  him  of  the 
prisoner,  upon  the  8th,  9th  and  10th  of  February, 
1776. — The  Lord  Mayor  of  the  City  of  Dublin 
for  the  year  preceding,  who  voluntarily  attended 
this  Trial,  was  next  sworn,  and  deposed,  that- 
having  received  letters  from  the  late  Vice-Chan- 
cellor of  Oxford,  and  from  Sir  John  Fielding, 
signifying  the  loss  sustained  by  the  University, 
describing  the  prisoner,  and  giving  information 
that  he  had  embarked  for  Ireland  with  some  part 
of  the  property,  due  attention  was  had,  and  in 
consequence  thereof  the  prisoner  soon  after  his 
arrival  was  apprehended,  and  brought  to  the 
Mansion  House,  where  he  was  familiarly  accosted 
by  his  Lordship  on  his  first  appearance,  with 
"  How  do  you  do,  Mr.  Mara  ?  " — to  which  he 
replied^  That  is  not  my  name — my  name  is  Matiheics. 
— At  this  Examination,  nothing  satisfactory  being 
found  upon  Le  Maitre,  his  Lordship  went  in  person 
to  search  his  lodgings,  where  he  found  two  of  the 
medals  concealed  in  the  private  drawers  of  a 
bureau  of  which  Le  Maitre  had  the  use.  Upon 
the  evidence  of  this  discovery  his  Lordship  com- 
mitted the  prisoner  to  Newgate  ;  but  finding  from 
his  landlady  that  a  third  medal  had  been  seen  in 
Le  Maitre's  custody,  his  Lordship  went  to  the 
Prison  and  found  the  other  medal  buttoned  under 
his  waistcoat,  upon  a  blue  ribbon  round  his  neck. 
— This  medal,  with  those  found  in  the  bureau, 
the  chains  and  medals  purchased  at  Norwich, 
and  two  other  medals  sold  in  Oxford,  being 
severally  delivered  into  Court,  were  afterwards 
all  positively  proved  to  be  the  identical  pieces 
stolen  from  the  Museum  ;  and  here  the  evidence 
closed  for  the  Crown. 

The   prisoner,   in  his   defence,   occasioned   the 
examination  of  two  or  three  witnesses,  in  no  wise 
j  to  his  advantage  ;    and  dwelt  for  a  considerable 
I  time    upon    the    following    circumstances. — That 
!  the  indictment  was  laid  for  his  having  committed 
I  the  robbery  between  the  3rd  and  5th  of  February  ; 
whereas  it  had  appeared  to  the  Court  and  Jury 
that  two  of  the  Medals  had  indisputably  been  dis- 
posed of  prior  to  the  time  the  whole  were  sworn  to 
have  been  stolen  ;  and  this  he  hoped  would  totally 
invalidate  the  charge  with  the  Jury.     The  prisoner 
was  then  informed  by  the  Court,  that  he  must 
not  rely  upon  evasive  quibbles  ;    that  the  only 
rational  means  of  serving  himself  with  the  Court 
and  Jury  would  be  to  show  that  he  came  honestly 
by  the  things  thus  found  in  his  possession,  and  to 
account  for  quitting  Oxford  at  so  critical  a  junc- 
ture.— In    attempting    this,    many    embarrassing 
difficulties  were  apparent,  which  the  prisoner  at- 
I  tempted  to  remove  by  alleging  that  a  person  who 
|  wanted  him  to  assign  a  legacy  had  discovered  his 
I  residence  by  an  application  to  our  Post  Office  ; 
i  because  he   refused  to  execute  the   deed   unless 
proper  compensation  was  made  to  him,  that  his 
creditors  were  to  be  let  loose  upon  him,  &c.,  &c., 
and    to    authenticate    this    narrative    he   desired 
i  Mr.    Oliver  Parsons  might  be  called,  who,  xipon 


426 


NOTES   AND  QUERIES. 


F-12S.  X.JUNES,  1922. 


examination,  only  proved  that  there  had  been  an 
inquiry  by  letter,  whether  such  a  person  resided 
in  Oxford  ;  and  that  having  answered  the  letter, 
soon  afterwards  a  stranger  called  at  the  Post 
Office,  whom  he  conducted  to  Le  Maitre  ;  that 
afterwards,  at  the  Cross  Inn  in  this  City,  he  was 
privy  to  a  conversation  in  which  the  person 
threatened  the  prisoner,  that  if  he  refused  signing 
the  deed,  he  would  make  discovery  of  a  forgery  of 
which  he  had  been  guilty. — The  prisoner,  after 
this,  rested  his  defence  upon  a  most  impudent 
and  iniquitous  assertion,  that  he  first  received 
two  of  the  medals  from  a  member  of  the  Univer- 
sity, who  stood  indebted  to  him  for  Tambour 
Waistcoats  ;  that  he  had  very  inadvertently  been 
thus  entrapped  ;  but  that  upon  remonstrating 
with  the  Gentleman  when  they  came  to  settle 
accounts,  he  was  held  in  defiance,  and  threatened 
with  the  consequences  ;  that  finding  the  deplor- 
able situation  to  which  he  was  reduced,  he  had 
afterwards  received  from  the  same  person  all  the 
rest ;  yet,  that  though  he  should  suffer  whatso- 
ever the  Law  could  inflict  upon  him,  he  was 
firmly  resolved  never  to  divulge  the  secret. — His 
Lordship  then  summed  up  the  evidence  with  great 
candour,  yet  with  just  indignation  reprobated  the 
horrid  insinuation  which  the  prisoner  had  sug- 
gested, in  hopes  of  deluding  the  world  into  a  belief 
of  his  own  innocence.  The  Jury,  without  with- 
drawing from  the  Court,  returned  their  verdict 
GUILTY. — He  was  afterwards  sentenced  to  hard 
labour  on  the  Thames  for  five  years,  and  then  to 
be  discharged. 

Another  and  shorter  account  of  the  trial 
is  printed  in  The  Gentleman's  Magazine  for 
March  7,  1777,  in  which  the  prisoner's  alias 
is  spelt  Matra,  and  it  is  stated  that  he  was 
admitted  into  the  Museum  as  a  teacher  of 
French,  and  after  the  theft  went  off  in  a 
post-chaise  and  four,  pledging  two  of  the 
medals  to  pay  the  postboy.  In  the  book  of 
the  Oxford  Summer  Assizes  of  1776  the 
prisoner's  names  are  given  as  "  John  Peter 
Le  Maitre,  alias  Maire,  alias  Mara  "  (Globe, 
March  31,  1890,  letter  from  Mr.  J.  L. 
Mathews,  Oxford  Cir.,  Temple)  ;  and  they 
are  similarly  given  in  the  book  of  the  Crown 
Court  Office,  Oxford  Assizes,  for  March  5, 
1777  (Merivale's  *  Historical  Studies,'  1865, 
art.  '  Marat '). 

Le  Maitre,  then,  having  been  safely  in- 
terned in  the  hulks  at  Woolwich  in  March, 
1777,  and  shortly  afterwards, '  as  we  learn 
from  The  Monthly  Repository,  recognized 
there  by  a  native  of  Bristol  who  had  been  a 
former  pupil  of  his  at  Warrington,  it  is  sig- 
nificant to  note  that  the  real  J.  P.  Marat, 
M.D.,  of  Church  Street,  Soho,  had  succeeded 
in  obtaining  an  appointment  on  the  medical 
staff  of  the  Comte  d'Artois  at  Paris  on  June 
24  of  the  same  year,  or  scarcely  three  months 
later.  This  fact  seems,  at  first  sight,  to 
shatter  the  whole  Le  Maitre  hypothesis,  and, 
not  unnaturally,  has  been  so  interpreted  by  i 


some  of  his  biographers.  A  reference  to 
contemporary  records,  however,  shows  that 
the  matter  cannot  be  so  lightly  dismissed, 
for  on  April  23,  1777,  The  Annual  Register 
\  tells  us  that : — 

One  day  last  week  the  ballast  lighter  working 
on  the  east  coast  was  drove  over  to  Woolwich  by 
the  high  wind,  when  14  of  the  convicts  rose  upon 
their  keepers,  cut  one  of  them  terribly  on  the 
shoulder,  and  made  their  escape.  A  naval  officer 
meeting  them  at  Greenwich  persuaded  eight  to 
return  to  their  duty,  but  the  other  six  have  not 
been  heard  of  since. 

No  records  relating  to  escapes  from  the 
hulks  have,  unfortunately,  been  preserved, 
nor,  perhaps,  were  they  very  scrupulously 
kept,  for  later  on  a  scandal  was  unearthed 
which  showed  that  the  warders  were  bribed 
to  conceal  such  incidents,  so  that  the  con- 
tractors might  continue  to  draw  payment 
for  the  absentees.  These  escapes  must,  in 
fact,  have  become  fairly  common,  as  apart 
from  unpublished  instances  the  flight  of 
other  gangs  from  Woolwich  is  recorded  both 
earlier  and  later  than  that  above  mentioned 
(Vincent's  '  Records  of  Woolwich,'  vol.  i.,  pp. 
359-64  ;  The  Gentleman's  Magazine,  Nov.  7, 
1776).  Was  Le  Maitre,  then,  one  of  the 
escaping  convicts  either  of  April  23,  1777, 
or  of  some  other  date,  unrecorded,  but  prior 
to  June  of  that  year  ?  Assuming  an  affirma- 
tive answer  to  this  question,  which  the 
present  theory  necessarily  requires,  we  have 
now  reached  the  close  of  the  first  phase  of 
Jean  Paul's  enigmatic  career — his  early  and 
largely  anonymous  life  in  England. 

SIDNEY  L.  PHIPSON. 
(To  be  continued.) 


ROBERT  HERRICK'S  GRAVE. 
IT  has  long  been  dfesumed  that  the  poefc 
Robert  Herrick  lies  in  an  unmarked  grave 
in  the  churchyard  at  Dean  Prior.  Indeed, 
the  memorial  tablet  placed  on  the  north 
wall  of  the  church  by  Herrick's  kinsman* 
William  Perry-Herrick,  in  1857  states  that 
'  in  this  churchyard  lie  the  remains  of 
Robert  Herrick."  Yet,  so  far  as  I  am  aware, 
the  only  evidence  in  regard  to  his  burial 
is  the  following  entry  in  the  parish  register  : 
"  Robert  Herrick,  Vicker,  was  buried  ye 
15th  day  of  October,  1674." 

In  the  summer  of  1917  certain  discoveries 
were  made  that  suggest  the  possibility  that 
Herrick  may  be  buried  within  the  church,, 
instead  of  in  the  churchyard,  and  that  his 
grave  may,  after  all,  be  marked.  From 
time  to  time  for  a  number  of  years  alterations 
and  improvements  have  been  made  within 


12  S.  X.  JUNES.  1922.] 


NOTES   AND  QUERIES. 


427 


the  church  :  thus  the  ten  fine  old  granite 
columns  supporting  the  roof  at  the  juncture 
of  the  nave  and  aisles  have  been  cleaned 
of  their  coat  of  plaster,  the  box  pews  have 
been  exchanged  for  low  modern  pews, 
and  a  new  altar  and  pulpit  have  been 
provided.  In  1917  the  raised  wooden  floor 
beneath  the  choir  was  torn  out  and  replaced 
by  a  new  flooring  of  wood,  stone  and  tile. 
In  the  process  two  stone  slabs  were  dis- 
covered beneath  the  choir,  concealed  by  a 
few  inches  of  earth.  They  proved  to  be  the 
covers  of  two  coffins.  An  inscription  on 
one  of  the  stones  showed  that  John  Furse, 
a  gentleman-farmer  of  Dean  Prior,  had 
been  buried  there  in  1609.  The  name  on 
the  other  stone  was  gone,  but  enough  of 
the  inscription  remained  to  indicate,  that 
another  gentleman- farmer  had  been  buried 
there  in  159(  ?) ;  this  grave  has  been  identified 
as  that  of  Robert  Furse,  the  father  of  John 
Furse.  These  stones  were  removed  and 
laid  as  a  part  of  the  new  floor.  The  work- 
men— so  I  was  assured  by  the  sexton, 
Richard  Churchward,  and  by  others — were 
aware  of  one  or  more  similar  slabs  in  close 
proximity  to  those  removed  ;  but  partly 
on  account  of  the  choking  dust  from  the 
disturbed  earth,  chiefly,  howrever,  from 
anxiety  to  complete  their  work  as  quickly 
as  possible,  they  did  not  make  further 
investigations,  but  built  the  new  floor  of 
the  choir  over  what  lay  below. 

Does  not  the  discovery  of  these  two 
graves,  together  with  the  fact  that  there 
are  still,  close  by,  one  or  more  other 
unidentified  graves,  tempt  one  to  believe 
that  Herrick,  whose  grave  has  never  been 
discovered  in  the  churchyard  (in  fairness 
it  should  be  stated  that  there  are  a  number 
of  graves  there  from  which  the  stones 
have  disappeared),  may  also  have  been 
buried  within  the  church  ?  Professor  Floris 
Delattre,  Herrick's  most  able  critic,  to 
whom  I  communicated  what  I  had  learned, 
wonders  whether  Herrick,  since  he  was 
doubtless  no  great  personage  in  the  eyes 
of  his  country  parishioners,  would  have 
been  honoured  with  burial  under  the  choir. 

II  devait  etre  [writes  Professor  Delattre],  pour 
tous  ces  paysans  qui  1'entouraient,  et  qu'il 
tenait  lui-meme  en  assez  pietre  estime,  un 
*'  Vicar  "  un  peu  Strange,  un  peufantasque  meme, 
pas  specialement  ze!6  sans  doute,  et,  comme 
son  ouvrage,  The  Hesperides,  y  6tait  certainement, 
sauf  a  Dean  Court,  inconnu,  on  ne  voit  guere 
les  raisons  qui  auraient  merite  pour  lui  1'honneur 
d'une  inhumation  dans  le  chceur  m6me  de  Teglisc. 

Yet  it  seems  as  though  to  the  Lord  of  the 


Manor  and  to  other  more  cultivated  members 
of  the  community,  such  as  the  Northleighs 
and  the  Lowmans,  for  several  of  whom 
Herrick  composed  occasional  verses,  burial 
within  the  church  would  not  have  appeared 
inappropriate. 

Possibly — one  can  of  course,  do  no  more 
than  speculate — the  very  stone  of  whose 
presence  the  workmen  were  aware  was 
Herrick's.  It  is  to  be  regretted  that  those 
charged  with  the  rebuilding  of  the  floor 
were  not  endowed  with  a  little  more  curiosity, 
and  it  is  certainly  to  be  hoped  that  we  shall 
not  have  to  wait  till  the  present  floor  is 
worn  out  before  the  mystery  may  be  solved. 
It  would  be  interesting  indeed  if  Herrick, 
whose  distrust  of  monuments  of  brass 
and  stone  has  seemed  to  be  abundantly 
justified,  should  after  all  be  found  to  possess 
a  monument  of  stone,  possibly  inscribed 
with  one  of  his  own  charming  epitaphs. 

A.    C.    JUDSON. 

The  University  of  Texas,  Austin,  Texas. 


JOTTINGS  ON  SOME  EARLY  EDITIONS 
OF   THE   BIBLE   IN   LATIN. 

IN  the  first  editions  of  the  Latin  Bible, 
the  Liber  Regum  quartus,  2  Kings  xix.  28 
reads  thus  : — 

Insanisti  in  me,  et  superbia  tua  ascendit  in  aures 
meas  :  ponam  itaque  circulum    in    auribus    tuis, 
et  frenum  in   labiis  tuis,  et  reducem  te  in  viam 
per  quam  venisti  ; 
and  in  Isaiah  xxxvii.  29  : — 

Cum  furores  adversus  me,  superbia  tua  ascendit 
in  aures  meas  :  ponam  ergo  circulum  in  auribus 
tuis,  et  frenum  in  labiis  tuis,  et  reducem  te  in  viam 
per  quam  venisti. 

In  these  verses  the  early  printers  used 
auribus,  not  naribus  as  at  present,  up  to  the 
year  1472.  Here  are  the  editions  :  the 
forty-two  line  Bible ;  the  thirty-six  line 
Bible  ;  Johann  Meiitelin's  edition,  S  trass  - 
burg,  c.  1461  ;  Johann  Fust  and  Peter 
Schoeffer,  Mainz,  1462  ;  several  editions  by 
Heinrich  Eggesteyn,  Strassburg  ;  Bertoldus 
Ruppel,  Basel ;  Bernhard  Richel,  Basel ; 
and  also  in  editions  printed  in  Italy,  as 
Conrad  Sweynheym  and  Arnold  Pamxart's, 
Rome,  1471,  &c. 

Now  in  1472  Schoeffer,  after  the  death 
of  Fust,  who  had  died  of  the  plague  in  Paris, 
printed  a  new  edition  of  the  Bible,  in  which, 
for  the  first  time,  appeared  the  word  naribus 
in  place  of  auribus,  and  he  was  followed  by 
other  printers,  viz.,  the  R.  printer,  c.  1472  ; 
Konrad  Winters  de  Homborch,  Koln,  c. 


428 


NOTES   AND  QUERIES.         [12 S.X.JUNE 3, 1922. 


1478  ;  Nicolaus  Gotz,  Koln,  c.  1475  ;  Gio- 
vanni Pietro  Ferratis,  Placentia,  1475  ; 
Johann  Zainer,  Ulm,  c.  1480  ;  and  the  great 
Bible  of  Adolf  Riisch  of  Inguiler,  containing 
1,209  leaves,  printed  with  the  types  of 
Johann  Amerbach  of  Basel,  c.  1480,  with 
the  gloss  of  Walafridus  Strabo  and  of 
Anselmus  Scholasticus ;  in  the  former  of 
which  naribus  is  used.  Riisch  was  Mentelin's 
son-in-law,  and  according  to  Wimpheling, 
in  the  '  Epitome  Geraianicarum  Rerum,' 
succeeded  him  in  the  business.  But  some 
printers  retained  the  old  rendering,  as 
Andreas  Frisner,  Johann  Sensenschmidt 
and  Anthony  Koburger,  all  of  Niirnberg ; 
indeed  Koburger  continued  to  use  auribus 
to  the  end  of  the  century. 

In  order  to  settle  which  was  the  correct 
word,  auribus  or  naribus,  it  seemed  to  me 
that  the  original  Hebrew  must  be  consulted, 
and,  as  I  am  not  a  Hebrew  scholar,  I  wrote 
to  the  Chief  Rabbi,  who  answered  through 
his  amiable  secretary,  Mr.  Emanuel  Drielsma, 
now,  alas,  no  more,  who  said  that  the  Hebrew 
word  used  could  "  only  mean  '  nose,'  "  and 
that  "  the  most  simple  explanation  for  the 
translation  '  ears  '  is  that,  since  the  previous 
sentence  in  the  verse  speaks  of  ears,  a  careless 
scribe  inserted  the  word  also  in  the  next 
sentence,"  and  so  the  error  was  repeated 
in  edition  after  edition. 

Mr.  Drielsma  being  unfortunately  dead 
and  having  omitted  to  tell  me  the  Hebrew 
word,  my  old  friend  Mr.  H.  Symons,  of  the 
British  Museum,  informs  me  that  the 
Hebrew  for  nose  is  aph,  and  that  although 
it  means  "  nose,"  it  may  also  be  translated 
"  nostrils."  In  the  Authorized  Version 
of  2  Kings  xix.  28  and  Isaiah  xxxvii.  29  it 
is  translated  "  nose,"  and  in  Isaiah  ii.  22 
"  nostrils,"  "  Cease  ye  from  man,  whose 
breath  is  in  his  nostrils  :  for  wherein  is  he 
to  be  accounted  of  ?  "  This  seems  to  be 
the  better  translation  because  in  Latin, 
naribus  being  in  the  plural  number,  it  could 
not  be  translated  in  any  other, way;  more- 
over, all  the  German  translations  read 
Nasenlocher. 

It  seems  strange  that  the  editors  of  the 
Revised  Version  did  not  notice  this  dis- 
crepancy, more  especially  as  that  eminent 
scholar,  Dr.  Ginsburg,  was  one  of  them. 

S.  J.  ALDRICH. 


'  THE  PICKWICK  PAPERS  '  :  MARTIN. — 
'  Pickwick  '  is  full  of  curiosities  due  to  the 
gay  flow  of  a  youthful  pen.  Was  there  ever  a 
story-teller  who  gave  two  different  characters 


the  same  name  in  one  book  ?  It  would  be 
careless.  But  '  Pickwick  '  contained,  I  used 
to  think,  three  Martins.  On  re-reading  I  find 
that  there  are  four.  In  chap.  xix.  the  tall 
gamekeeper  is  called  "  Martin  "  by  Mr. 
Wardle.  In  chap.  xlii.  the  man  whom 
Mr.  Roker  recalled  as  whopping  the  coal- 
heaver  down  Fox-under-the-Hill  was  Tom 
Martin.  In  chap,  xlviii.  the  coachman  of 
Mr.  Benjamin  Allen's  aunt  is  "  Martin." 
He  is  the  only  one  of  the  four  who  has  a 
speaking  and  acting  part  in  the  actual 
course  of  the  story.  But  in  chap,  xlix.,  the 
very  next,  his  name  seems  to  be  forgotten, 
for  it  contains  the  story  of  the  Bagman's 
Uncle,  whose  name  is  twice  given  as  "  Jack 
Martin."  V.  R. 

EQUILINEAR  SQUARES. — We  sometimes 
see  a  box  containing  sixteen  little  blocks 
numbered  1  to  16,  and  a  puzzle  is  set  to 
arrange  them  so  that  the  figures  in  each 
row,  each  column,  and  each  diagonal  shall 
amount  to  the  same  sum.  This  can  be 
solved  as  follows  : — 


8 

1 

13 

12 

3 

10 

6 

15 

14 

7 



16 

11 

2 

4 

5 

or 


13         8 

12 

1 

2 

11 

7 

14 

3 

10 

6 

15 

16 

5 

9 

4 

A  similar  puzzle  with  nine  blocks  is  also 
shown  and  can  be  easily  solved  thus  : 


6 

1 

8 

7 

5 

3 

2 

9 

4 

As  I  have  taken  the  trouble  to  arrange 
the  squares  of  five,  six  and  seven  so  as  to 
produce  similar  results,  and  I  do  not  know 
where  else  they  can  be  found,  you  may 


12  S.  X.  JUNES,  1922.] 


NOTES   AND  QUERIES. 


429 


think   them  worth  recording  in  '  N.  &  Q. 
They  are  as  follow: — 


15  |   4 

1 

22  |  23 

6 

14 

17 

10 

18 

21 

7 

13 

19 

5 

20 

16 

9 

12 

8 

3 

24 

25 

2 

11 

28 
11 

34 

1 

31 

5 

12 

24 

27 

2 

30 

17 

19 

4 

21 

15 

23 

29 

8 

33 

16 

22 

•  14 

18 

20 

13 

10 

35 

7 

26 

25 

3 

36 

, 

6 

32 

9 

46 

3 

45 

•j 

14 

38 

28 

12 

21 

35 

41 

34 

27 

5 

10 

16 

32 

33 

26 

11 

47 

7 

37 

31 

25 

19 

13 

43 

30 

36 

24 

17 

18 

42 

8 

48 

23 

6 

9 

20 

29 

40 

22 

39 

2 

49 

44 

15 

4 

It  can  easily  be  shown  that  if  n  is  the 
number  which  is  squared  the  sum. of  each 

line  must  be    (n*   +    1)  ^,  giving   15  for  3, 

34  for  4,  65  for  5,  111  for  6,  and  175  for  7. 

A.  D.  T. 

EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY  TAVERNS  :  PRINT- 
ING HOUSE  SQUARE. — In  Printing  House 
Square  (No.  5)  stands  the  Lamb  and  Lark, 
a  house,  which  modestly  tells  the  passer-by 
that  it  was  erected  in  1882.  But  it  existed 
in  Larwood's  time  (1866),  and  in  fact 
existed  a  century  earlier,  as  The  Public  Ad- 
vertiser of  June  3,  1758,  announced  with 
ref resiling  candour:  — 

To  be  sold  very  cheap.  An  exceedingly  good 
three  stopt  harpsichord.  Note  the  purchaser 
need  not  be  xmder  any  apprehension  of  paying 
more  than  its  worth,  as  no  fee  or  bribes  will  be 
allowed,  as  usual,  to  any  organist  or  music-master 
for  a  character  of  this  instrument.  Enquire  at 
the  Lamb  and  Lark  near  the  King's  Printing 
Office,  Blackfryars. 

J.  PAUL  DE  CASTRO. 


CAT  COMFORT. — A  friend  who  has  been 
living  for  some  time  in  Florence  writes  to 
me  : — 

Have  you  ever  in  your  folk-lore  searehings 
heard  of  cutting  off  the  "tip  of  a  cat's  tail  to  pre- 
vent its  continual  mewing  and  complaining.  It 
seems  to  be  the  recognized  thing  to  do  here,  and 
though  we  protested  against  this  treatment  of 
the  very  mewling  and  puking  kitten  of  the  house- 
hold, it  seems  to  have  been  efficacious ;  its  voice 
is  no  more  raised  in  yowls. 

The  remedy  is  new  to  me. 

ST.  SWITHIN. 

APPRENTICES  TO  AND  FROM  OVERSEAS 
(see  ante,  pp.  29,  69,  106,  248,  327).— 

Paul  Carrington,  son  of  Paul  Carrington  of 
Barbadoes,  Physician,  apprenticed  to  Sam  Allen 
of  Bow  Lane,  London,  Atty.,  15  Nov.,  1723. 
Consid.  £200.  (Inl.  1/9,  fo.  44.) 

Sackville  Reeves,  son  of  Jno.  Eeeves,  of  An- 
tegoa,  W.  Indies,  apprenticed  to  Saml.  Walkden, 
Cit.  and  Joiner,  12  Nov.  1723.  Consid.  £20. 
(Inl.  1/9,  fo.  37.) 

Steph.   Soulgrace  (?),  son  of  Peter  Soulgrace, 
of    St.    Christophers    in    America,    Mercht.,    ap- 
prenticed to  Bernard  Marret,  Cit.  and  Broiderer, 
1  May,   1723,  Consid.  £150.     (Inl.   1/9,  fo.  67.) 
GERALD  FOTHERGILL. 

11,  Brussels  Road,  New  Wandsworth,  S.W.H. 


©ueries. 

WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries 
in  order  that  answers  may  be  sent  to  them  direct. 


ANT  ASIATIC  ORPHEUS. — Sir  John  Francis 
Davis,  F.R.S.,  formerly  Governor  of  Hong- 
kong, states  the  following  in  his  book  on 
the  Chinese,  p.  293  :— 

On  the  1st  day  of  the  7th  moon,  or  some  time 
in  the  month  of  August,  they  [the  Chinese]  have 
a  festival  for  the  benefit  of  their  departed  relatives 

I  in  the  spirit  world  .  .  .  these  celebrations  being 
calculated  to  bring  large  numbers  together  .  .  . 
and  they  are  said  to  have  arisen  from  some 
tradition  of  a  young  man  who  went  down  to  the 

i  nether  world  to  bring  back,  not  his  wife,  but 
(what  is  more  suitable  to  the  Chinese  sentiment) 

j  his  mother.     According  to  the  story,  this  Asiatic 
Orpheus  was  more  successful  than  the  Thracian. 
Can  any  reader  give  details  of,  or  references 

'  to,  the  original  story  ?  S.  A. 

EDUARDO  G.  GORDON.  --  The  Biblio- 
theque  Nationale  contains  three  books,  pub- 
ilished  at  Montevideo  between  1875  and 
1880,  by  Eduardo  G.  Gordon,  including 
poems  and  plays.  Where  can  I  find  an 
account  of  him  ?  J.  M.  BULLOCH. 

37,  Bedford  Square,  W.C.I. 


430 


NOTES   AND  QUERIES. 


[12  S.  X.  JUNES,  1922. 


"  CHINESE  "  GORDON  IN  SCULPTURE. — Sir 
Edgar  Boehm  exhibited  a  bust  of  "  Chinese  " 
Gordon  at  the  Royal  Academy  of  1885.     Is  j 
this  the  plaster  cast  now  in  the  National 
Portrait  Gallery,  and  was  it  ever  produced  j 
in  marble   or   bronze  ?     Onslow   Ford   also  j 
•exhibited  a  bust  in  1888.     Where  is  it  now  ?  ! 
Hamo    Thornycroft     exhibited     a     bronze ! 
statuette  in   1889.     Where  is  it  now  ?     Is 
it  the  statuette  reproduced  on  a  publisher's 
invitation  card  now  in  the  Print  Department 
of  the  British  Museum  ? 

J.  M.  BULLOCH. 
37,  Bedford  Square,  W.C.I. 

BYRON    AND    THE    ROYAL    SOCIETY.  - 
In   'Observations    upon    "Observations"' 
(Byron's   'Works,'    Paris    ed.,    1835,  at    p. 
837),  the  poet  writes  :— 

One  of  the  reproaches  against  Mr.  Gilchrist  is, 
that  he  is  (it  is  sneeringly  said)  an  F.S.A.  If  it 
•will  give  Mr.  Bowles  any  pleasure,  I  am  not  an 
F.S.A.,  but  a  Fellow  of  the  Royal  Society  at  his 
service,  in  case  there  should  be  anything  in  that 
association  also  which  may  point  to  a  paragraph. 

When  was  Byron  elected  F.R.S.  ? 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

HAZLITT  AS  A  PORTRAIT-PAINTER. —  Where 
can  I  find  a  list  of  the  portraits  known  to 
have  been  painted  by  Hazlitt,  and  informa- 
tion as  to  their  present  whereabouts  ?  (The 
portrait  of  Lamb  in  the  National  Portrait 
Gallery  I  know,  of  course.)  Who  was  the 
Manchester  manufacturer  whose  portrait  he 
painted,  and  "  who  died  worth  a  plum " 
(E.  M.  of  L.,  p.  64)  ?  Have  any  fresh 
facts  about  the  identity  of  Hazlitt's  second 
wife  been  discovered  since  Mr.  Birrell  wrote 
his  '  Life  '  ?  A.  C. 

BULL  OF  WEST  JERSEY. — Information 
desired  of  the  forbears  of  John  Bull,  born 
in  England  in  1674,  an  emigrant  to  the 
West  Jersey  Lands,  later  settling  in  the 
Penn  Colony,  and  dying  at  Parkeomink  in 
1736.  What  ship  did  he  come  over  in  ? 
Bulls  of  first-names  (Thomas,  Richard  and 
Sarah)  similar  to  those  of  his  children 
came  to  the  West  Jersey  Lands  from 
Staffordshire.  Thomas  Bull  of  West  Jersey 
in  1722  devised  property  to  son  Thomas  cf 
Pipe  Hill,  Stafford.  The  name  of  wife  of 
John  Bull  was  Elizabeth,  but  maiden 
surname  is  unknown.  Please  reply  direct. 

JAMES  H.  BULL, 
Commodore,  U.S.A.  Navy,  ret. 
2165,  Jackson  Street,  San  Franciso,  California. 


RHYMING  HISTORY  OF  ROME. — In  con- 
nexion with  the  information  lately  given  on 
rhyming  histories  of  England,  can  any 
reader  supply  the  concluding  lines  and 
source  of  a  rhyming  history  of  Rome  used 
in  schools  in  the  sixties  and  seventies  of  the 
last  century  ?  I  can  remember  only  the 
following  : — 

On  seven  hills  the  city  stood. 
Close  by  the  Tiber's  yellow  flood, 
And  seven  kings  in  order  came, 
First  founders  of  her  future  fame  : 
Romulus  first  and  Remus  second, 
Tullus  Hostilius  third  is  reckon 'd, 
The  fourth  was  Ancus  Martius  grim, 
Tarquinius  Priscus  followed  him. 

L.  M.  ANSTEY. 

PALINDROME  ON  A  SUNDIAL. — What  is 
the  translation  of 

NI^ONANOMHM  AMH  MONANO^IX 
— an  inscription  on  a  modern  sundial  ? 

LEZZE. 

["  Cleanse  thy  sin,  not  only  thy  sight."  This 
palindrome  has  been  a  good  deal  discussed  in 
'  N.  &  Q.,'  and  many  interesting  particulars  of  its 
occurrence  as  an  inscription  on  ancient  fonts  and 
other  erections  will  be  foxmd  at  4  S.  x.  198,  288, 
313,  410,  495  ;  xii.  58 — 5  S.  vii.  372  ;  viii.  77— 
8  S.  ix.  167,  2"53,  295.] 

YATES. — I  am  interested  in  John  Yates 
of  Swinton,  Lancashire  (son  of  Oliver  Yates 
of  Mam),  b.  1659,  d.  1753,  aged  94,  and 
desire  to  trace  his  exact  relationship  to  the 
Joseph  Yates,  b.  1655,  who  was  grandfather 
of  Judge  Yates,  the  contemporary  of  Lord 
Mansfield. 

What  was  the  connexion,  if  any,  between 
these  Yateses  and  the  William  Yates  of 
Blackburn,  whose  daughter  Ellen  was  the 
mother  of  Sir  Robert  Peel,  the  statesman. 
The  above  Joseph  Yates's  great-grandfather 
owned  Stanley  House,  Mellor,  near  Black- 
burn, as  did  probably  his  descendants  also 
down  to  1735,  when  the  same  Joseph  Yates's 
son,  Joseph,  High  Sheriff  of  Lancashire, 
succeeded  to  Peel  Hall.  O.  HOLLAND. 

31,  Chatsworth  Road,  Bournemouth. 

SUBSCRIPTIONS  FOR  POLISH  DISSIDENTS. 
— It  is  stated  that  during  the  seventeenth 
century  there  were  subscriptions  in  England 
for  the  benefit  of  Polish  Dissidents.  This 
was  probably  in  consequence  of  the  increased 
persecution  during  the  rei  gn  of  John  Casimir 
(1648-68). 

I  should  be  glad  of  information  regarding 
these  subscriptions,  which  were  probably 
organized  and  supported  by  prominent 
Puritans.  LAURANCE  M.  WULCKO. 

142,  Kinfauns  Road,  Goodmayes,  Essex. 


12  S.  X.  JUNE  3.  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


431 


THE  PAWNBROKER'S  SIGN.- — What  is  the 
origin  of  the  three  balls  used  as  a  pawn- 
broker's sign  in  England  ?  It  is  generally 
stated  to  be  derived  from  the  arms  of 
Lombardy,  but  it  is  also  believed  to  be 
a  modification  of  the  arms  of  the  Medici 
family  (six  red  or  golden  balls  or  pills).  But 
then  the  Medicis  were  a  Florentine  (Tuscan) 

family-  J.  A.  GRANE. 

[The  pawnbroker's  sign  was  mentioned  in  the 
first  volume  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  and  has  been  slightly 
discussed  since,  but  without  any  conclusion  as 
to  its  origin  being  attained.  The  three  balls 
are  also  referred  to  St.  Nicholas  and  the  three 
golden  purses  with  which  he  ransomed  the 
nobleman's  daughters.  The  fullest  article  we 
have  had  on  the  question  is  that  by  MB.  J. 
HOLDEN  MACMICHAEL  at  10  S.  iii.  330,  where 
it  is  stated  that  three  balls,  or  bowls,  first  appear 
as  a  pawnbroker's  sign  in  newspaper  advertise- 
ments about  the  middle  of  the  eighteenth  century, 
and  that  these  objects,  to  begin  with,  are  almost 
invariably  blue.  The  writer  seems  inclined  to 
accept  the  origin  of  the  sign  as  the  arms  of  the 
Medici,  and  rejects  the  theory  of  its  being  the 
emblem  of  St.  Nicholas.] 

AMERICAN  CIVIL  WAR. — What  is  the  best 
recent  comprehensive  account  of  the 
American  Civil  War  ?  I  want  something  of 
good  authority  and  giving  a  fair  amount  of 
detail,  but  not  works  concentrated  on 
particular  episodes.  S  H  D  P 

LANGUAGES  OF  EASTERN  EUROPE. — I 
should  be  glad  to  hear  of  books  on  the 
language  and  literature  of  the  peoples  of 
Eastern  Europe,  particularly  the  Letts  and 
Lithuanians,  the  Esthonians  and  the  peoples 
of  the  Ukraine  and  Ruthenia.  What  is 
there  in  the  way  of  grammars,  dictionaries, 
readers  and  general  essays  to  give  the 
student  a  start  ?  g  jj  j)  p 

STONE  SIGN,  CORNER  OF  WARWICK  LANE 
AND  NEWGATE  STREET. — Could  any  reader 
give  me  information  regarding  the  stone 
sign  let  into  the  wall  of  the  Woodstock 
Typewriter  Company's  premises  at  the 
corner  of  Warwick  Lane  and  Newgate 
Street  ?  KATHLEEN  A.  WEBSTER, 

"  REGENT  "  =  LEG  -REST. — A  work  of  fic- 
tion by  a  popular  authoress  of  the  fifties 
describes  a  wealthy  gentleman  of  title  as 
found  by  visitors  '"  with  his  right  leg 
swathed  in  flannel,  resting  upon  a  regent." 
Is  the  final  word  known  as  signifying  a 
Jeg-rest  ?  The  '  N.E.D.'  does  not  give 
such  a  meaning.  W  B  H 


JAMES  GUNNISS  BUTCHER  was  admitted 
to  Westminster  School  on  May  26,  1780. 
I  should  be  glad  to  obtain  any  particulars 
of  his  parentage  and  career. 

G.  F.  R.  B. 

BLAIR. — Henry  Blair  was  admitted  to 
Westminster  School  on  Feb.  25,  1785,  and 
William  Robert  Blair  on  Sept.  25,  1822,  aged 
11.  Any  information  about  these  two 
Blairs  is"  desired.  G.  F.  R.  B. 

BRADE. — Harper  Brade,  aged  14,  and 
James  Brade,  aged  12,  were  admitted  to 
Westminster  School  in  June,  1822.  Par- 
ticulars of  their  parentage  and  the  dates  of 
their  respective  deaths  are  desired. 

G.  F.  R.  B. 

LONDON  CLOCKMAKERS.  —  I  have  two 
old  clocks  in  my  possession — one  by  William 
Kipling  of  London,  and  the  other  by  Richard 
Motley  of  the  Hand  and  Buckle,  near  King 
Edward's  Stairs,  Wapping.  When  were 
they  in  business  ?  What  is  the  best  work 
for  reference  for  old  clockmakers  ?  Is  there 
any  list  of  works  on  such  ?  A  bibliography 
of  clockmakers  would  be  useful.  W.  T. 

Newcastle-on-Tyne. 

SUPERSTITIONS  CONCERNING  SALT. — Could 
anyone  inform  me  of  the  origin  and  meaning 
of  the  many  superstitions  in  connexion  with 
the  use  of  salt  at  the  table  ? 

Why  should  it  be  more  unlucky  to  upset 
the  salt-cellar  than  the  sugar-basin  ?  Whence 
originated  the  custom  of  throwing  salt  over 
the  left  shoulder  to  counteract  the  adverse 
circumstances  associated  with  the  upsetting 
of  a  salt-cellar  ? 

Why  is  it  supposed  to  be  unlucky  to  help 
any  person  to  salt  ?  "  Help  me  to  salt, 
help  me  to  sorrow,"  as  the  expression  is. 

F.  BRADBURY. 

Sheffield. 

TAILLESS  CATS. — Are  Manx  cats  the  only 
ones  normally  without  tails  ? 

ALFRED  S.  E.  ACKERMANN. 

HEREDITY. — Is  it  possible  for  children  to 
resemble  one  parent  in  physical  appearance 
and  the  other  mentally ;  or  do  the  two 
similarities  always  go  together  ? 

ALFRED  S.  E.  ACKERMANN. 

.NATIONAL  FOODS. — Does  macaroni  form 
as  large  a  proportion  as  ever  of  the  food  of 
Italians  and  rice  of  the  food  of  Indians  and 
Japanese  ?  ALFRED  S.  E.  ACKERMANN. 


432 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[12  S.  X.  JUNES,  1922. 


Bacon  Society  in  January,  1912.  The 
former,  though  much  larger  than  the  original^ 
is  far  the  better.  The  miniature  is  a  most 
beautiful  one,  in  quite  exceptional  condition, 
^^  due,  no  doubt,  to  an  eighteenth-century 

I  send  yr  Grace  by  Captain  Robinson  (Com-  I  leather  folding-case  which  has  preserved  it 
inandr  of  the  Tokeley  Gully),  who  sails  from  !  from  light.  The  marginal  inscription,  in 
hence  to-morrow,  two  of  the  finest  pieces  I  think  Hilliard's  well-known  gold  lettering,  runs, 


TOKELEY  GULLY. — In  the  Goodwood 
archives  is  a  letter  dated  Nov.  28,  1727, 
from  Owen  McSwiny,  at  Venice,  to  the 
Duke  of  Richmond,  in  which  the  following 


occurs  :- 


he  ever  painted. 
The  reference  is  to  the  views  of  Venice, 
by  Canaletto,  which  adorn  the  walls  of 
Goodwood  House. 

Is  the  name  of  the  ship  an  English  place- 
name  ?  J.  LANDFEAB  LUCAS. 

101,  Piccadilly. 

AUTHOR  OP  PHRASE  WANTED.  —  In  *  Some 
Observations  upon  an  Article  in  Blackwood's 
Magazine,'  Byron  makes  use  in  inverted  commas 
of  the  phrase  "  that  will  not  be  willingly  let 
die."  Prom  whom  is  he  quoting  ?  The  date  is 
1820.  JOHN  B.  WAINE WRIGHT. 

[Milton.     «  Reason  of  Church  Government. '1 

AUTHORS  OF  QUOTATIONS  WANTED. — 1.  Could 
any  reader  locate  the  following  ? — 

"  A  river  here,  there  an  ideal  line." 
I  think  it  is  by  Wordsworth  but   cannot  trace  it. 


2.  Who   wrote — 


W.  B.  W. 


"  1578.     Si  Tabula  Daretur  Digna  Animum 
Mallem  &.S.  18." 

CHARLES  L.  LINDSAY. 
97,  Cadogan  Gardens,  S.W. 

OLD  AND  NEW  STYLE  (12  S.  x.  369).— 
The  Treasury's  financial  year  has  not,  in 
recent  times,  corresponded  with  the  civil 
year.  Before  the  introduction  of  the  new 
style,  the  civil  year  ended  on  March  24  and 
the  financial  year  ended  on  Michaelmas  Day 
(Sept.  29).  Under  the  new  style  the  civil 
year  has  ended  on  Dec.  31,  but  the  termina- 
tion of  the  financial  year  has  varied  from 
time  to  time.  Sometimes  even  two  accounts 
were  to  be  found.  Thus  one  account  was 
made  up  for  the  year  ending  on  Oct.  10 
(old  Michaelmas  Day),  1785,  and  another 
account  was  made  up  to  Jan.  5,  1786  (old 
Christmas  Day).  In  1832  the  annual  Budget 


"  Sometimes  her  mouth  with  deep  regret  is  grave,  j  was  presented  for  the  year  ending  April  5 

I  know."  Hut.  snrmlifis  wArA  ta.lrAn  for    tVift  vpa.r  ftndinc 


I  have  been  told  it  is   Keats,  but  cannot  find  it. 

F.  L. 
3.  Can  anyone  oblige  me  with  the  author  of 

"  Hitch  your  waggon  to  a  star." 
I    believe   it   to    be  Emerson,  but    I    have   been 


but  supplies  were  taken  for  the  year  ending 
March  31. 

This  anomaly  of  the  existence  of  distinct 
terminations  of  the  financial  year  appears 
to  have  existed  until  1854,  when  by  17  and 
18  Viet.,  c.  94,  it  was  enacted  that  the 

it  in  the  volume  of  his  works  i  financial  accounts  should  be   made   up  for 
possess.  T.    H.    BATTEN.        the  year  ending  March  31 

It  may  be  noted  that  the  "  income  and 
property  tax  "  year  continues  to  terminate 
on  April  5,  as  fixed  in  1842  (5  and  6  Viet., 
c.  35),  and  not  yet  altered. 

It  may  also  be  noted  that  many  Excise 
and  other  licences  are  for  years  ending 
June  30,  July  5,  Sept.  30,  Dec.  31,  &c., 


which 

Foxdeane,  Chislehurst. 


NICHOLAS     HILLIARD. 

(12  S.  x.  168,  229.) 
MY  attention  has  only  just  been  drawn  to  this  I  which  "do  not  correspond'  'with"  the"  closing 


query.     The    reference    is,    probably,    to    a    of  the  financial  accounts, 
miniature  by  Nicholas   Hilliard  which  has  |  THOS    C    MYDDELTON 

been  in  my  possession  since    1903.     I  find  ''      w     ,,    n  „ 
that  I  also  have  noted  that  it  was  in  the  j 

Adair  Hawkins  collection  in  1825,  with  a|  REVERSING  THE  UNION  JACK  (12  S.  x.  391). 
reference,  "see  Montagu's  'Bacon,'"  so  1 1 — Before  the  invention  of  wireless  tele- 
presume  it  is  illustrated  or  mentioned  in  j  graphy,  signals  of  distress  at  sea,  like  other 
that  work,  and  I  remember,  at  the  time,  I  signals,  were  made  with  the  flags  used  in  the 
making  some  unsuccessful  efforts  to  trace  "  International  Code '"  of  the  Mercantile 


an  earlier  provenance.     There  are  at  least 
two  reproductions  of  the  miniature,  one  .as 


Marine,  which,  being  common  to  all  countries, 
enabled  detailed  information  to  be  given.    At 


the  frontispiece  to  Hepworth  Dixon's  '  Story  j  an  earlier  date,  before  there  was  such  a  code,  a 
of  Lord  Bacon's  Life'  (1862)  and  another  in  ship  advertised  the  fact  that  she  was  in 
an  anniversary  pamphlet  published  by  the  J  difficulties  by  firing  a  gun,  if  she  had  one,  and 


12  S.  X.  JUNES.  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


433 


by  hoisting  her  national  flag  in  a  conspicuous 
and  unusual  position,  usually  in  the  rigging. 

With  many  flags,  such  as  the  French, 
reversal  could  make  no  obvious  change  ; 
but  where,  as  in  the  case  of  our  own  red 
ensign,  its  design  was  such  that  its  incorrect 
position  could  be  seen  at  a  great  distance, 
the  flag  was  hoisted  upside  down  to  add 
poignancy  to  its  message.  But  in  any  case 
this  reversal  would  be  secondary  in  import- 
ance to. the  arresting  fact  of  the  flag  being 
flown  from  some  spot  other  than  the  cus- 
tomary one. 

Boutell,  if  his  '  Handbook  to  English 
Heraldry '  is  correctly  quoted  by  MR. 
PEARSALL,  is  wrong  in  giving  the  Union 
Flag  as  the  one  to  be  employed  in  this  way, 
for  merchant  ships  did  not  fly  the  Jack 
(except  as  a  constituent  part  of  their  red 
ensign),  nor  would  the  position  of  a  Jack 
be  obvious  except  at  close  quarters,  on 
account  of  the  complexity  of  its  pattern. 

But  MR.  PEARSALL  also  is  mistaken  in 
supposing  that  there  is  no  right  or  wrong 
way  of  displaying  the  Union  Flag. 

Even  our  trade  flag-makers — though  still 
a  trifle  shaky  in  the  matters  of  colours  and 
proportions — have  during  the  last  year  or 
two  learned  that  there  is  this  difference, 
and  one  very  seldom  sees  a  Jack  upside 
down  nowadays  in  street  decorations,  though 
in  the  bad  past  I  have  seen  it  flown  so  by 
naval  officers. 

The  matter  is  quite  simple.  Scotland 
came  into  the  Union  before  Ireland,  and  is 
therefore  the  senior  partner  (or  was).  The 
most  honourable  quarter  of  a  flag  is  the 
upper  one  next  to  the  jack  staff.  In  that 
quarter  the  broad  white  saltire  of  St.  Andrew 
should  be  above  the  red  one  of  St.  Patrick. 
Then,  if  the  flag  is  correctly  built,  all  the 
other  quarters  will  be  correct. 

DONALD  GUNN. 

40,  Dover  Street,  W.  1. 

The  red  strips  representing  the  Fitzgerald 
saltire  in  the  Union  Jack  do  not  cross  the 
flag  in  the  middle  of  the  white  cross  repre- 
senting the  banner  of  St.  Andrew  ;  but  in 
the  half  of  the  flag  that  is  next  the  flag- 
staff they  are  nearer  to  the  lower  portion  of 
the  white  cross,  and  in  the  other  half  of  the 
flag  they  are  nearer  to  the  upper  portion  of 
the  cross.  It  is  therefore  quite  easy  to  re- 
verse the  proper  display  of  the  flag. 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

MR.  ROBERT  PEARSALL'S  italics  are  dog- 
matic, but  the  statement  is  erroneous. 


The  Union  Jack  is  reversed,  upside  down, 
displayed  in  a  wrong  way,  if  the  white 
saltire^,  the  broader  band  of  white,  is  not 
uppermost  in  the  left  hand  (dexter)  upper 
quarter.  There  are  doubtless  many  Union 
Jacks  in  existence  which  could  not  be  flown 
incorrectly,  simply  because  they  are  incorrect 
themselves  :  the  broad  white  strip,  which  is 
half  the  saltire,  should  be  carefully  distin- 
guished from  the  narrow  white  fimbriation, 
which  is  introduced  simply  to  prevent 
"  colour  on  colour  "  (red  on  blue). 

H.  K.  ST.  J.  S. 

That  is,  turning  it  in  the  contrary  direc- 
tion, the  second  and  fourth  quarters  occupy- 
ing the  positions  properly  occupied  by  the 
first  and  third  quarters.  This  appears  to  be  a 
poor  signal  of  distress  on  account  of  the 
difficulty  in  distinguishing  the  broad  and 
narrow  crosses  :  but  a  flag  cantoning  the 
Union  Jack  and  hoisted  upside  down  is  a 
plain  and  unmistakable  signal,  and  I  think 
Boutell  intended  to  confine  his  remarks  to 
such  a  flag.  CHEVRON. 

[We  have  received  a  large  number  of  replies  to 
the  same  effect,  for  which  we  beg  to  thank  the 
several  correspondents.  No  reply,  however, 
quite  meets  the  point  of  MB.  PEARSALL'S  observa- 
tion, in  which  there  is  a  misapprehension  we  have 
encountered  before,  and  which  seems  worth  re- 
moving. MR.  PEARSALL  does  not,  in  fact,  reverse 
the  flag  ;  he  treats  it  as  if  it  were  coloured  on  one 
side  only,  revolves  it,  so  to  speak,  upon  its  axis 
so  that  the  fly  becomes  the  hoist  and  finds  the 
broad  white  border  still  at  the  top.  He  would 
find  it  equally  impossible,  by  this  plan,  to  hoist 
the  flag  right  if  he  started  with  it  wrong.  To 
reverse  a  flag  which  is  in  the  right  position  it  must 
be  turned  top  to  bottom,  or  hoist  to  fly,  not  by 
merely  revolving  it  on  one  surface,  but  by  turning 
it  right  over  to  expose  the  other  surface.  The 
narrow  whitfe  line  will  then  be  at  the  top.  The  same 
movement  will,  of  course,  bring  an  incorrectly 
flown  flag  into  the  right  position.] 

PRIME  MINISTER  (12  S.  ix.  446  ;  x.  117, 
155,  377). — In  continuance  of  my  previous 
contribution  on  this  subject  I  am  now  in 
a  position,  I  think,  to  establish  beyond 
dispute  that  the  term  "  Prime  Minister  " 
was  applied  to  Lord  Clarendon  in  the  course 
of  his  period  of  power  from  the  Restoration 
to  his  fall  in  1667.  "That  Lord  Clarendon 
employed  the  term  in  reference  to  himself 
on  one  occasion  I  have  already,  in  my 
previous  contribution,  pointed  out.  Since 
then  I  have  discovered  no  less  than  three 
similar  references  by  his  contemporaries. 

1.  Charles  Lyttleton  in  1664  wrote  : — • 
Yet     undoubtedly    he    still    retains    the    pre- 
mier   ministre's    place,   and    has    the     greatest 


434 


NOTES  AND   QUERIES. 


[12  S.X.JUNES,  1922. 


manage  of  affaires  in  his  hands  ;  and  I  cannot 
tell  well  how  it  should  be  otherwise,  for  they 
that  seeme  to  rival  him  in  it  are,  in  my  opinion, 
too  much  the  companions  of  [the  King's]  pleasure 
to  be  at  leisure  to  drudge  in  ye  matters  of  State. 
{Hatton  Cor.  (Camden  Soc.),  i.  35.  quoted  in  a 
footnote  on  p.  444,  vol.  i.,  Burnet's  '  History  of 
My  Own  Time,'  Airy's  edition,  1897.) 
2. 

From  that  time  [after  Worcester]  he  had  the 
entire  confidence  of  the  King,  and  began  to  act 
•as  a  first  Minister  .  He  had  the  sole  management 
of  the  affaire  of  the  Restoration  with  Generall 
Monk,  and  Admirall  Montague,  having  been 
made  Lord  Chancellor  some  time  before.  And 
when  the  King  came  into  England,  he  was  in 
such  favour,  that  he  carried  all  things  before  him, 
.and  none  dared  to  oppose  him.  (Clarke's  '  Life 
of  James  II.,'  vol.  i.,  p.  432.) 

This  Life  was  "compiled  by  His  Royal 
Highness's  Private  Secretary  out  of  Memoirs 
written  by  that  Prince."  The  precise  date 
of  compilation  is  not  known,  but  is  assigned 
to  the  early  years  of  the  eighteenth  century 
(vide  Preface,  p.  xxii.,  vol.  i.).  The  Rev. 
J.  S.  Cla.rke  edited  these  invaluable  memoirs 
in  1816. 

3. 

Her  [Anne  Hyde's  father]  from  that  time 
[his  daughter's  marriage]  Prime  Minister  to  the 
King,  supported  by  this  new  Interest,  soon  got 
at  the  Head  of  Affairs,  and  was  like  to  spoil  all. 
Not  that  he  wanted  Capacity  but  he  was  too  Self- 
sufficient.  ('Memoirs  of  the  Life  of  Count  de 
Grammont,'  p.  84,  translated  edition,  1760.] 
Count  Hamilton  wrote  these  memoirs  after 
Bang  James's  flight  in  1688.  Hamilton 
accompanied  the  King  in  his  exile,  and 
wrote  his  brilliant  work  in  France. 

JOHN  BERESFORD. 

WROTH  FAMILY  (12  S.  x.  372,  418).— An 
account  of  the  Wroth  family  of  Enfield  and 
Loughton  appears  in  a  small  pamphlet 
entitled  '  Loughton,  Essex,'  by  W.  C. 
Waller,  M.A.,  F.S.A.,  of  which  apparently 
only  200  copies  were  printed — 100  in  1903 
and  100  in  1913.  Mr.  Waller  refers  to  a  yet 
rarer  work,  of  which  only  a  dozen  copies 
exist,  which  may  be  found  in  the  Guildhall 
Library,  British  Museum,  &c. 

Briefly,  Sir  Robert  Wroth,  eldest  son  of 
Sir  Thomas  Wroth,  of  Enfield,  married 
Susan,  daughter  and  heiress  of  John  Stonard 
of  Loughton  Manor  and  Luxborough,  Chig- 
well.  Their  eldest  son,  also  Sir  Robert, 
bought  the  fee  simple  of  Loughton  Manor 
from  James  I.  in  1613,  and  rebuilt  Loughton 
Hall.  This  Sir  Robert  married,  in  1604, 
Lady  Mary,  daughter  of  Robert  Sidney, 
first  Earl  of  Leicester,  and  died  in  1614, 
leaving  an  infant  son,  who,  however,  only 


survived  him  by  two  years.  Lady  Mary 
was  niece  of  Sir  Philip  Sidney,  and  wrote 
a  book  entitled  '  Urania,'  in  imitation  of  his 
'  Arcadia.' 

To, Sir  Robert  succeeded  his  brother  John, 
and  then  a  nephew,  John  the  second,  who 
died  in  1661,  leaving  a  young  son,  John  the 
third.  This  John  married  a  daughter  of 
Lord  Maynard,  and  was  father  of  John  the 
fourth,  who  married  a  cousin,  Elizabeth 
Wroth,  and  died  childless.  On  the  death  of 
his  widow  in  1738,  the  manor  passed  to  a 
descendant  of  one  of  her  sisters,  William, 
Earl  of  Rochford.  Essex  Histories  and 
Visitations  would  contain  a  good  deal  about 
this  family,  but  I  cannot  look  them  up  at 
the  moment. 

Of  the  Enfield  Wroths,  I  may  mention 
that  they  owned  the  manor  of  Durants, 
which  came  to  them  in  the  fourteenth 
century  by  the  marriage  of  Maud,  only 
daughter  of  Thomas  Durant,  to  John  Wroth, 
and  continued  in  their  possession  until  1673, 
when  the  executors  of  Sir  Henry  Wroth 
(died  1671)  sold  the  manor.  Here,  again,  a 
great  amount  of  informaton  is  readily 
accessible.  .  L.  M.  W. 

BURIAL  OF  LORD  ZOUCHE,  1625  (12  S.  x. 
390. — It  would  be  interesting  to  know  on 
what  authority  the  'D.N.B.'  (which  monu- 
mental work  is,  to  quote  Sheridan,  not  in- 
frequently indebted  to  imagination  for  its 
facts)  states  that  Edward,  eleventh  Lord 
Zouche,  who  purchased  Bramshill  early  in  the 
seventeenth  century,  was  buried  at  Hackney 
Old  Church  (pulled  down  1 806).  Wheatley 
states  that  the  Zouches  were  landowners 
at  Hackney,  but  does  not  include  that  of 
Lord  Zouche  among  the  names  of  eminent 
persons  buried  in  the  Parish  Church.  Thorn- 
bury  ( 4  Old  and  New  London  ' )  tells  us  that 
George,  Lord  Zouche,  was  buried  in  a  small 
chapel  close  to  his  house,  and  that  his  jriend 
Ben  Jonson  wrote  certain  humorous  verses 
on  the  proximity  of  my  Lord's  grave  to 
his  cellar.  Here  we  are  confronted  by 
another  puzzle.  George,  the  tenth  Lord 
Zouche,  died  in  1569  ;  he  may  have  been 
buried  at  Hackney,  but  as  Ben  Jonson  was 
not  born  till  1573  they  could  hardly  have 
been  friends  !  Edward,  the  eleventh  baron, 
was  undoubtedly  buried  at  Eversley,  in  which 
parish  Bramshill  stood  and  stands,  so  unless 
his  "  vile  body "  wras  imbued  with  the 
qualities  possessed  by  Boyle  Roche's  famous 
bird,  he  could  hardly  have  been  buried  as 
well  in  the  small  chapel  mentioned  by 
Thornbury.  W.  COURTHOPE  FORMAN. 


12  S.  X.  JUNE  3,1922.] 


NOTES   AND  QUERIES. 


435 


'  THE  -KING,  THE  BISHOP,  AND  THE 
SHEPHERD  '  (12  S.  x.  349,  397). — I  am  much 
obliged  to  MB.  WAINEWRIGHT  and  MR. 
SELF-WEEKS.  '  King  John  and  the  Abbot 
of  Canterbury  '  is  the  ballad  I  had  in  my 
mind.  My  old  Devonshire  nurse  used  to  say 
it  to  me,  and  it  was  she  who  called  it  '  The 
King,  the  Busshup,  and  the  Shepherd.' 

W.  COURTHOPE  FORMAN. 

ARMSTRONG  (12  S.  x.  48,  257). — -Neither 
John  Armstrong,  vicar  of  Tidenham,  Glou- 
cestershire, from  1845  to  after  1853,  nor  J. 
Armstrong  of  Wallsend,  Northumberland, 
from  1830  to  after  same  date,  was  the  same 
as  John  Armstrong  of  St.  John's,  Cam- 
bridge. The  last  was  admitted  to  deacon's 
orders  by  the  Bishop  of  Lincoln  in  1810,  to 
the  curacy  of  Melchbourne  and  Bletsoe  in 
Bedfordshire,  removing  in  the  latter  part  of 
that  year  to  the  curacy  of  Edgware  in 
Middlesex.  In  February,  1812,  he  was 
admitted  to  priest's  orders  by  the  Bishop 
of  London,  and  was  shortly  afterwards 
appointed  to  the  chaplaincy  of  Belize, 
British  Honduras. 

I  am  more  interested  in  the  descent  of 
John  Armstrong,  the  farmer  of  Benfleet. 
Essex,  than  that  of  his  son,  the  Rev.  John 
Armstrong.  I  am  the  great-grandson  of 
the  former.  (REV.)  W.  B.  ARMSTRONG. 

Sm  JOHN  BOURNE  (12  S.  x.  367). — -With 
the  REV.  J.  R.  FLETCHER'S  permission.  I 
transmit  these  notes  which  he  has  kindly 
sent  me  : — • 

Sir  John's  property  at  Battenhall  and  Wick — 
Battenhall  Manor  and  Park — was  the  residence 
of  the  Prior  of  Worcester  and  granted  to  Sir  John 
in  1544/5.  He  had  one  daughter,  married  to  Sir 
Herbert  Croft,  and  when  they  sold  Upton-on- 
Severn  to  Sir  Henry  Bromley  she  was  described 
as  co-heiress  of  Anthony  Bourne. 

But  surely  this  means  that  she  was  grand- 
daughter, not  daughter,  of  Sir  John. 

Father  Fletcher  proceeds  : — 

There  is  no  return  of  Bourne  in  any  of  the 
Visitations  of  Worcestershire,  but  there  is  one  in 
the  1623  Visitation  of  Somersetshire  :— 

Bourne  = 


This  would  make  Gilbert  nephew  of  Sir  John, 
but  in  Glazebrook's  '  Heraldry  of  Worcestershire  v 
is  a  note  referring  to  grant  of  same  arms,  as  borne 
by  Sir  John,  to  Richard  Bourne  of  Wells  : — 

"This  Richard  Bourne,  says  Harl.  MS.  1507, 
was  sometime  of  London,  and  Mr  of  ye  Mar- 
chant  Taylors  :  he  was  also  brother  to  Gilbert 
Bourne,  Bishop  of  Bath  and  Wells,  and 
p'sident  of  ye  Marches  of  Wales  in  ye  tyme  of 
Q.  Mary :  he  was  also  cozen  jerman  to  Sr. 
John  Bourne,  Secretary  to  Q.  Mary  (see  also 
Harl.  MSS.  1069,  1359)." 

With  regard  to  Sir  John's  wife,  I  have  a  sus- 
picion that  she  may  have  been  a  Winter  (Win- 
tour)  of  Huddington.  It  is  only  a  suspicion 
founded  on  some  records  of  Church  patronage. 

Geo.  Winter  was  patron  of  living  of  Broughton- 
Hachett,  Co.  Wor.,  in  1576,*  "  ex  concessu 
Dorothea  uxoris  John  Bourne  mil." 

Living  of  Oddingley — Patrons. 

Thomas  Bourne,  ex  concess.    John    Bourne 

mil.      1556.* 

John  Bourne,  mil.      1557.* 
John  Bourne  mil.   et  Dorothea  consors  ejus. 

1573.* 
King     James     "  ratione     attincture     Robt. 

Winter."      1605.* 
Sir  Geo.  Winter  mil.  et  bar.      1643.* 

Anthony  Bourne  sold  Oddingley  to  Mr.  Geo. 
Winter. 

There  are  no  Winter  returns  in  Worcestershire 
Visitations,  but  I  believe  there  are  rather  full 
pedigrees  of  Winter  (?  from  what  date)  in  Harl. 
MSS.  1041  and  1566.  I  am  unable  to  refer  to 
them  at  present ;  but  it  might  be  worth  looking 
up. 

There  seems  an  uncertainty  as  to  date  of  Sir 
John's  death.  You  put  it  1570,  which  seems 
most  probable,  as  Anthony  sold  Battenhall  and 
Wick  1570/1.  Glazebrook,  following  Nash,  i, 
224,  says  1563 ;  '  Victoria  Hist,  of  Worcester- 
shire,' under  '  Holt  (sale  by  Anthony),'  1576. 

Nash  has  contradictory  statements  as  to  death 
of  Anthony  :  vol.  i.,  p.  558,  "  Ralph  Hornyold, 
killed  in  Gloucestershire  23  Elizabeth,"  and  a 
note  adds,  "  killed  in  company  with  Mr.  Anthony 
Bourne,  who  sold  Holt,  being  shot  by  the  falconer 
of  two  gentlemen  whom  he  met  there."  But  it 
may  possibly  mean  that  only  Hornyold  was 
killed. 

P.  194  says  that  "  in  time  of  James  I.  many- 
lands  in  Churchill  came  into  hands  of  Anthony 
Bourne  of  Holt,  son  and  heir  to  Sir  John  Bourne, 
knt." 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWBIGHT. 


Philip  Bourne  = 


Sir  John  Bourne,  Secy,  of  State  to  Queen  Mary 


Richard  Bourne  of  =   Sylvester,  da.  of 
Wyvelscombe,       |  Tybolde 

Co.  Somerset, 


Gilber 


t  Bourne,  Bishop  of  Bath  and  Wells,  Lord 
President  of  the  Marches  of  Wales 


Date  of  appointment  of  rector. 


436 


NOTES   AND  QUERIES. 


12  S.  X.  JUNE  3,  1922. 


SALAD  (12  S.  x.  389).— I  think  this  saying 
is  a  translation  of  a  French  sentiment,  which  ; 
probably    originated    in    the    oil-producing 
part  of   that  pleasant  land.     Le  Roux   de 
Lincy  records  (vol.  ii.,  p.   155)  that  in  the 
sixteenth   century    Gabriel   Meunier   stored 
in  '  Le  Tresor  des  Sentences  ' — 
Salade  bien  lavee  et  salee, 
Peu  de  vinaigre  et  bien  huylee. 

ST.  SWITHIN. 

The  form  of  this  saying  was  given  to  me 
some  years  ago  by  an  American  lady,  But  I 
do  not  know  its  source  :  "A  spendthrift 
with  oil,  a  miser  with  vinegar,  a  sage  with 
salt,  and  the  devil  with  pepper." 

LEES  KNOWLES. 

THE  COUNTESS    GUICCIOLI'S  '  RECOLLEC- 
TIONS OF  LORD  BYRON  '  (12  S.  x.  229).— 
Your    correspondent    R.  B.  has  been  good 
enough  (12  S.  x.  297)  to  refer  me  to  a  former  \ 
letter  on  this  subject  (4  S.  iii.  490)  of  which ; 
I  had  no  knowledge.    It  was  from  RICHARD 
BENTLEY,  who  published  the  English  edition 
of  the  '  Recollections.'    MR.  BENTLEY  stated 
that  the  translation  had  been  approved  by 
the  Countess,  that  her  name  appeared  on  the  , 
title  page  as  the  author  by  her  permission,  i 
and  that   the    '  Recollections  '   were    "  well 
known    to    be    her    production,"    a    phrase  j 
which  sounds  strangely  modern.     This  letter  j 
was  a  reply  to  an  inquiry  by  ESTE  (4  S.  iii.  i 
381),    who    had    stated    that    the    French1 
edition  did   not  contain  a  single  assertion 
that  the   Countess  was  the  author  of  the 
book.      "  My  present  conviction,"  he  said. 
"  is  that  the  work  is  merely  an  eloge  by  some 
French   litterateur,   and   that   the    Countess 
Guiccioli  has  neither  written  nor  authorized 
a  single  page."     Clearly  ESTE  was  wrong  in 
thinking    that     the     '  Recollections  '     were 
unauthorized,  but  a  close  reading  of  them 
tends,  I  think,  to  support  his  views  about ; 
their    real    authorship.     Further    evidence,  i 
pro  or  con,  would  be  valuable.       Where  is 
the    Countess    buried  ?     What    became    of. 
her  papers  ?  E. 

HUBERT  DE  RIE  AND  FULBERT  OF  DOVER 
(12  S.  x.  388).— If  we  could  only  take 
seriously  the  suggestion  that  the  name  of 
Foubert  of  Dover  was  a  contraction  of 
FitzHubert  (son  of  Hubert),  we  should 
apparently  have  a  unique  curiosity  :  a  man 
who  either  had  no  Christian  name  or  had 
forgotten  it,  like  a  character  in  the  '  Hunting 
of-  the  Snark.'  Unfortunately  "son  of  i 
Hubert  "  would  appear  in  Latin  as  filius 
Huberti,  not  as  Fulbertus,  which  knocks  the  I 


bottom  out  of  the  fantasy.  Foubert  was 
an  ordinary  Christian  name,  like  Hubert 
(although  not  so  common),  and  might  occur 
in  any  family,  regardless  of  the  father's 
name.  Even  the  Dover  family  yields  a 
Foubert,  whose  father  was  named  John, 
not  Hubert. 

I  notice  that  MR.  HULBURD  refers  to 
"  Hulbert,  or  Hubert,"  as  if  the  name 
occurred  indifferently  in  either  form  ;  but 
what  authority  is  there  for  Hulbert  in  the 
Norman  period  ?  I  have  never  come  across 
it.  If  the  name  had  originally  contained 
an  I,  we  should  expect  to  find  this  letter 
preserved  in  the  latinized  form,  just  as  the 
original  I  is  found  in  the  Latin  forms  Ful- 
bertus (Foubert),  Geroldus  (Geroud), 
Raginaldus  (Renaud),  and  Rollo  (Rou). 
But  the  regular  Latin  form  is  Hubertus, 
not  Hulbertus.  Again,  surely  an  original 
Hulbert  would  have  been  modified  to 
Houbert,  not  to  Hubert ;  and  if  a  new 
Latin  form  originated  from  Houbert,  it 
would  be  Houbertus. 

The  lamented  death  of  Prof.  Skeat  has 
removed  the  supreme  authority  to  whom 
we  could  appeal  for  guidance,  but  I  hope 
that  some  expert  in  etymology  and  names 
will  take  up  the  question  and  correct  me 
if  I  am  wrong.  G.  H.  WHITE. 

23,  Weighton  Road,  Anerley. 

THE  MONTFORT  FAMILIES  (12  S.  x.  124, 
254,  294,  356. — I  am  very  much  obliged  to 
MR.  SWYNNERTON  for  the  reference  to 
10  S.  xi.,  which  I  did  not  know  of.  Un- 
f ortunai  ely  I  find  that  the  writer  of  the  note 
in  question  does  not  give  any  authority  for 
the  affiliation  of  Thurstan  de  Montfort  to 
Hugh  de  Montfort  IV.  of  Montfort-sur-Risle, 
so  it  is  probable  that  he  merely  copied  from 
Dugdale.  Hugh  IV.  had  two  sons,  Robert 
and  Waleran  (the  latter  evidently  named 
after  his  maternal  uncle,  the  Count  of 
Meulan),  who  consented  to  their  father's 
gift  of  the  ohurch  of  St.  Himer  to  Bee 
(Round,  '  Cal.  Docts.  France,'  No.  358),  but 
I  do  not  knowa  of  any  evidence  for  a  son 
named  Thurstan.  Robert  succeeded  his 
father,  and  was  succeeded  in  turn  by  his 
son  Hugh  V.  What  became  of  Waleran,  I 
know  not.  G.  H.  WHITE. 

23,  Weighton  Road,  Anerley. 

OLDEST  HALFPENNY  EVENING  NEWS- 
PAPER (12  S.  x.  330). — I  am  almost  sure 
that  the  first  number  of  The  Echo  (London) 
was  published  between  October,  1864,  and 
July,  1865.  W.  M.  NOBLE. 

Wistow,  Hunts. 


12  S.  X.  JUKES,  1922.] 


NOTES   AND  QUERIES. 


437 


NINETEENTH  -  CENTUBY  WRITERS  ON 
SPORT  (12  S.  x.  390).— "  Sexagenarian " 
(author  of  '  The  Vine  Hunt  ')  was  the 
Rev.  Edward  Austen-Leigh,  onetime  vicar 
of  Wargrave,  Berks.  He  died  in  1874. 
"  Sexagenarian's  "  account  of  ;  The  Vine 
Hunt  '  was  printed  for  private  circulation 
only  ;  the  number  of  copies  being  small,  the 
book  fetches  a  high  price.  Save  for  a  few 
minor  errors,  it  gives  very  accurate  details  j 
of  the  sport  of  foxhunting  in  bygone  days  in 
East  Berkshire  and  in  Northern  Hampshire. 
J.  HAUTENVILLE  COPE. 

"  Stringhalt,"  the  author  of  '  Runs  with 
the  Lanarkshire  and  Renfrewshire  Fox- 
hounds '  (Glasgow,  Kerr  and  Richardson, 
1874),  was  the  late  Mr.  James  Murray. 
He  was  one  of  the  Murrays  of  Monkland,  a 
well-known  firm  of  ironmasters  in  the  west 
of  Scotland  about  the  middle  of  last  century.  ! 

T.  F.  D. 

BARREL,  ORGANS  IN  CHURCHES  (12  S.  x. 
209,  254,  316,  353,  398). — There  were 
several  instances  of  the  custom  of  using 
barrel  organs  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Oxford. 
At  the  Warneford  Lunatic  Asylum  at  Head- 
ington  Hill,  in  the  Church  of  England 
Chapel,  there  was,  twenty  years  ago,  a  barrel 
organ  and  a  finger  organ  combined.  The 
former  was  used  when  no  one  was  present 
who  could  play  the  latter.  In  Eynsham 
Church,  four  miles  from  Oxford,  there  were 
formerly  both  a  barrel  organ  and  a  finger 
organ  to  meet  a  similar  emergency.  There 
were  formerly  barrel  organs  at  Bladon,  near 
Woodstock,  and  at  Coxwell,  Berkshire,  and 
each  was  converted  into  a  finger  organ.  In 
a  village  (I  cannot  recall  the  name)  in  North 
Oxfordshire  there  was  a  barrel  organ, 
limited  to  five  tunes,  which  was  in  use  until 
1890,  and  I  was  told  it  was  preserved  in  the 
church.  H.  PROSSER  CHANTER. 

Whetstone,  N.20. 

WILLIAM  CULLEN,  OR  CULLING  (12  S.  x. 
391). — It  is  possible  that  hg  was  related  to 
William  Cullen,  elected  writer  in  the  E.I. 
Company's  service  October,  1674,  one  of 
whose  securities  was  Nicholas  Cullen  of 
Dover,  merchant.  William  Cullen  served  the 
Company  at  Masulipatam,  Madras.  In  1676 
he  was  reproved  for  throwing  a  brickbat  into 
the  window  of  Matthew  Mainwaring,  head 
of  the  factory.  In  1680  he  rose  to  the  rank 
of  a  factor,  and  Nicholas  Cullen  again  became 
his  security.  After  this  date  I  have  not 
traced  him.  (See  '  Court  Minutes,'  vols. 


xxix.,  xxxi.  ;    'Letter  Book,'  vol.  v.  ;    'Fac- 
tory Records,  Masulipatam,'  vol.  ii.) 

L.  M.  ANSTEY. 

DICKENS'S  LITERARY  ALLUSIONS  (12  S.  ix. 
309  ;  x.  14,  74). — In  addition  to  the  quota- 
tions from  the  '  Beggar's  Opera,'  noted  at  the 
above  references,  the  allusion  by  "  Bar  51 
at  the  Merdle  reception  should  be  mentioned 
(Book  II.,  chap.  ii.).  The  literary  allusion-; 
by  Dickens  are  perhaps  less  frequent  than 
with  some  of  his  contemporaries — such  as 
Bulwer  and  Thackeray — because  of  his 
comparatively  limited  knowledge  of  the 
classics  and  French,  quotations  from  which 
sources  figure  so  largely  in  other  writers. 
Dickens  has  a  number  of  allusions  to  Dr. 
Johnson,  and  very  frequent  allusions  to 
English  folk-lore.  He  makes  also  frequent 
allusion  to  Guy  Fawkes.  One  of  his  most 
accurate  German  translators — Paul  Heichen 
— calls  attention  to  a  mis-quotation  from 
Macbeth  in  the  tenth  chapter  of  '  The 
Mystery  of  Edwin  Drood.'  Dickens  speaks 
of  Lady  Macbeth' s  lack  of  hope  in  the  cleans- 
ing power  "  of  all  the  seas  that  roll,"  but 
it  was  Macbeth  who  expressed  doubt  that 
the  ocean  could  wash  his  hand. 

The  continued  popularity  of  Dickens  in 
the  United  States  is  shown  by  the  several 
active  branches  of  the  Fellowship,  and  the 
frequent  allusions  to  his  characters  and 
phrases  in  the  newspapers  and  journals  is 
a  gratifying  condition,  showing  that  amid 
all  the  welter  of  sex  novels  and  sex  movies 
there  is  still  an  appreciation  of  decency, 
and  that  humour  does  not  need  salacity  to 
render  it  popular.  In  1920,  when  the 
Democratic  Convention  was  about  to 
nominate  a  candidate  for  the  Presidency,  a 
prominent  leader  in  the  party  being  asked 
if  he  was  a  candidate  said,  "  I  am  not  making 
a  canvass,  but  you  may  say  *  Barkis  is 
willin.' 

It  is  greatly  to  be  regretted  that  an 
edition  of  all  Dickens's  works  has  not  been 
issued  with  a  complete  commentary.  Many 
of  his  allusions  are  now  unintelligible. 
I  made  an  unsuccessful  attempt  some  years 
ago  to  find  out  the  nature  of  the  "  flat 
candle  "  which  Master  Bardell  was  carrying 
when  he  admitted  Mr.  Weller  on  that  eventful 
evening.  HENRY  LEFFMANN. 

Philadelphia. 

THE  ONE-LEGGED  LORD  MAYOR  (12  S. 
x.  251,  314,  397).— With  regard  to  COL. 
Fox's  communication,  it  would  be  interesting 
to  discover  whether  J.  S.  Copley  painted 


438 


NOTES   AND  QUERIES. 


[12  S.X.JUNES,  1922. 


a   replica   of  this   picture,    for   the   original!      AUTHORS  WANTED  (12  S.  ix.  112).— 
used  to  hang  in  Christ's  Hospital ;  presented,  j      i.  1.  "  She,  standing  in  the  yellow  morning  sun," 
I  believe,  by  Watson  himself.  &c-     W-  M?™8'.  '  Cupid  and  Psyche  '  ('  Earthly 

J  _    __.  T_     _.  '  Paradise,'  May,  i.),  1.  471. 

F.    H.    H.    GUILLEMARD. 

11.  2.      That  the  light  of  a  Sun  that  is  coming, 

It  may  be  of  interest  to  note  that  John    &c-     Tennyson,  '  Despair,'  st.  4. 


Singleton     Copley's     painting,    representing 
the   shark   biting   off   Brook   Watson's   leg, 
hangs  in  the  Boston  Museum  of  Fine  Arts, 
among  the  portraits  of  numerous  worthies 
of  the  period  of  the  American  Revolution. 
E.   BASIL  LTJPTON. 
10,  Humboldt  Street,  Cambridge,  Mass,  U.S.A. 

HERALDIC    :       IDENTIFICATION   OF   ARMS 
WANTED   (12  S.   x.   389). — These  appear  to  | 
be    the    arms    of    the    family    of    Currence,  j 
or  Corrance,  of  London  and  Suffolk  (formerly  j 
Urren),    viz.,    Argent,    on   a  chevron   sable 
between  three  Cornish  choughs  ppr.  (or  three 
ravens  of  the  second)    as    many    leopards' 
faces  or  (see  Harleian  Society,  xv.  211,  and 
Burke's  '  Commoners,'  iii.  370).     The  arms: 
impaled  are  those  of  Macgeoghan  of  West- 
meath,  Argent,  a  lion  rampant  between  three 
dexter  hands  couped    at    the    wrist,  gules ;  j 
but  the  printed  pedigrees   do  not   disclose  I 
the  connexion  between  these  families. 

H.  J.  B.   CLEMENTS. 

HUDSON  PEDIGREE  (12  S.  x.  391). — Were  i 
the   Hudsons   referred   to    connected   with  j 
George     Hudson     (1800-71),     the     English! 
railway  promoter,  known  as  the  "  Railway  j 
King,"  who  was  born  at  Howsham,  York- 1 
shire  ?     Before   thirty   he   had   acquired   a 
fortune,  and  became  Lord  Mayor  of  York 
in   1837.     Giving  his  attention  to  railway 
schemes,  he  subscribed  large  sums  as  capital, 
and  exercised  great  controlling  influence  on 
railway  enterprise   (1844-5).     He  was  M.P. 
for  Sunderland  1845-59.     Carlyle  called  him 
the  "  big  swollen  gambler."     He  died  com- 
paratively poor. 

JAMES  SETON-ANDERSON. 

39,  Carlisle  Road,  Hove,  Sussex. 

MARTIN    (12    S.    x.     350,    399).   — The 
papistical   writer    referred    to    at    the    first 
reference    was    Gregory    Martin.     He    was 
born  at  Maxfield,  Sussex,  and  died  in  1582. 
Unable   to   conform   to    Protestantism,    he 
fled  to  the  English  College  at  Douay  in  1570, 
and  was  ordained  priest  in  1573.     Settling! 
at  Reims  in  1578,  he  devoted  the  remainder  ! 
of  his  life  to  the  translation  of  the  Bible 
known  as  the  Douay  version. 

JAMES  SETON-ANDERSON. 

39,  Carlisle  Road,  Hove,  Sussex. 


H.  K.  ST.  J.  S, 

(12  S.  x.  391.) 

"  Such  as  of  late  o'er  pale  Britannia  pass'd." 
From  the  famous   passage,    "  Lo,  as   an   angel," 


in  Addison's  '  Campaign.' 


G.  C.  MOORE  SMITH. 


on  3BooUs. 


English    Tracts,    Pamphlets    and    Printed    Sheets. 

A  Bibliography.     Vol.  I.  (Early  Period.)    1473- 

1650  (Suffolk).     By  J.  Harvey  Bloom.  (London, 

Wallace  Gandy.    '£3  3s.) 

BOTH  from  the  historian  and  the  bibliophile  this 
first  volume  of  a  large  and  courageous  enterprise 
deserves  a  hearty  welcome.  In  it  the  labours 
of  almost  a  lifetime  begin  to  see  the  light.  We 
are  informed  that  the  remainder  of  the  Suffolk 
Tracts,  down  to  1745,  is  ready  for  the  press, 
and  that  vol.  ii.  will  deal  with  Warwickshire  and 
Worcestershire.  According  to  the  present  plans 
of  compiler  and  publisher  the  series  will  be 
comprised  in  eight  volumes,  each  identical  in 
format  with  the  one  before  us,  but  mostly  contain- 
ing a  greater  number  of  pages. 

Mr.  Harvey  Bloom  reveals  in  his  Introduction 
the  enthusiasm  which  has  carried  him  —  and 
carried  him  well  —  through  an  exacting  task. 
He  gives  a  general  outline  of  the  rise  and  progress 
of  the  pamphlet  and  the  tract,  by  no  means 
confining  himself  to  the  mere  bibliographer's 
point  of  view,  pointing  out,  rather,  the  value 
of  the  mass  of  this  sort  of  writing  in  enabling  us 
to  gauge  and  to  characterize  that  immense  vital 
force  which,  especially  in  the  sixteenth  and 
seventeenth  centuries,  swept  the  minds  of 
Englishmen  this  way  and  that  way  along  the  great 
currents  of  theological  and  political  contro- 
versy. 

It  would,  perhaps,  have  been  a  good  thing  to 
state  definitely  what  determined  the  assigning 
a  given  author  to  Suffolk.  To  take  but  two 
examples  out  of  several,  Grosseteste's  appearance 
here  may  be  barely  justified  by  his  having 
been  born  at  Stradbroke,  though  his  connexion 
with  Lincoln  strikes  one  as  much  more  obvious  ; 
but  Joseph  Hall  was  neither  born  in  Suffolk  nor 
had  any  such  special  connexion  with  the  county 
as  could  outvie  his  connexion  with  Norfolk,  and 
it  is  under  Norfolk  we  should  have  expected  to 
find  him.  We  so  fully  see  the  value  of  this 
bibliographical  undertaking,  and  have  so  large 
a  measure  of  confidence  in  it,  as  likely  to  prove 
of  national  importance,  that  we  would  urge  the 
desirability  of  setting  out  quite  clearly  the  more 
rudimentary  principles  of  classification  upon 
which  it  is  constructed.  After  considering  the 
entries  with  some  care,  we  do  not  at  present  see 
why  East  Anglia,  rather  than  Suffolk,  was  not 
taken  as  the  unit. 

These  criticisms,  as  will  readily  be  seen,  apply 
only  to  exterior  matters.  For  the  bibliography 


12  S.  X.JuNES,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


439 


itself  we  have  nothing  but  praise.  It  could  hardly 
have  been  much  more  generously  designed  and 
carried  out.  It  is  arranged  in  an  alphabet  of 
authors,  noteworthy  people  and  places,  the  items 
being  placed  chronologically,  and  each  represented 
by  its  title  page,  of  which  the  letterpress  is  re- 
produced in  full  (save  for  quotations  from  Scripture,, 
in  English)  with  strokes  to  mark  the  alignment." 
The  reproduction  renders  not  only  the  spelling 
but  also  the  different  types  used  in  the  original, 
a  scheme  which  has  involved  the  frequent  use 
of  black-letter,  capitals  and  italics.  Dates  and 
birthplace  or  principal  place  of  residence  of  each 
author  are  given  ;  and  each  item  has  the  usual 
bibliographical  notes  as  to  size  and  number  of 
pages,  with  additional  remarks  on  cuts  or  any 
points  of  interest  and  the  library  where  the  tract 
may  be  found.  Every  collector  will  recognize 
what  merits  are  here. 

It  is  hardly  possible  to  indicate  a  twentieth 
part  of  the  items  which  have  most  interested  us. 
Here  are  twenty-four  items  by  Robert  Southwell ; 
twenty-six  delightful  tracts  by  or  concerning  Sir 
John  Suckling ;  here,  under  the  several  names  of 
Bury,Nash,Ward,  Bale,  Capel,  Cheke  and  Lydgate, 
are  stores  of  good  things  on  the  nature  of  which 
there  is  no  need  to  descant.  We  may  turn  from  a 
pamphlet  on  the  level  of  water  in  the  fens,  and 
how  to  drain  these,  to  the  "  Negotiations  of 
Thomas  Woolsey  ...  by  ...  his  Gentleman- 
Usher  ";  from  a  "  lamentable  History  "  of  "  Wilful 
Murther "  committed  at  Halsworth,  to  "  the 
conversion  of  Five  Thousand  and  Nine  Hundred 
East  Indians  in  the  Isle  of  Formoza,  neere 
China  "  ;  or  from  Tymme's  '  Silver  Watch-bell ' 
(how  lucky  a  title  !)  to  Wolsey's  '  Rudimenta.' 
Two  issues  are  noted  of  the  "  proper  new  sonet  " 
on  the  burning  of  Beccles  "  in  the  Great  winde 
upon  S.  Andrewes  eve  "  in  1586.  There  are  one 
or  two  pamphlets  on  witches — that  under  St. 
Edmundsbury, '  A  true  relation  of  the  Araignment 
of  Eighteene  Witches,'  1645,  has  escaped  the 
indexer.  The  majority  of  the  items  belong  to 
the  religious  disputes  of  their  day,  but  there  is 
also  a  large  number  of  political  pamphlets,  several 
poems  or  collections  of  poems,  and  not  a  few 
scientific  tracts.  The  total  number  of  items 
runs  to  1009. 

A  word  must  be  said  as  to  the  eight  illustrations, 
which  form  an  exceedingly  interesting  feature 
of  the  book.  The  frontispiece  is  the  title  page 
of  Wolsey's  '  Rudimenta  ' ;  another  good  example 
is  the  title  page  of  the  pamphlet  on  the  "  Straunge 
and  terrible  Wuiider  "  wrought  at  "  Bongay  " 
with  the  rude  cut  of  the  "  shape  "  which  horrified 
the  people  ;  a  third  is  that  of  the  fire  at  St. 
I'Mmundsbury  in  1608.  Nor  must  we  omit  the 
colophon,  which  by  itself  would  well  deserve  a  note. 

An  index  of  titles  and  a  general  index  are 
supplied.  The  latter  has  been  very  carefully 
compiled  in  regard  to  printers  and  stationers, 
whose  names  are  given  in  different  type,  so  as 
to  make  easy  a  systematic  survey  of  the  work 
of  each,  as  exemplified  here. 

The  Owl  and  the  Nightingale.  Edited,  with 
Introduction,  Texts,  Notes,  Translations  and 
Glossary,  by  J.  W.  H.  Atkins.  (Cambridge 
University  Press.  16s.  net.) 

THE  most  valuable  part  of  this  book  is  undoubtedly 
the  text  with  the  accompanying  notes.  It  will  bo 


remembered  that  '  The  Owl  and  the  Nightingale  ' 
has  been  preserved  in  two  MSS.,  the  one  written 
in  the  early  half  of  the  thirteenth  century — now 
in  the  British  Museum ;  the  other— now  deposited 
in  the  Bodleian — belonging  to  Jesus  College, 
Oxford,  and  written  in  a  somewhat  later  hand. 
The  two  texts  are  to  be  considered  as  independent 
copies  from  a  common  original,  which,  however, 
is  not  the  author's  own  text,  but  an  intermediate 
transcript 

The  two  texts  are  here  printed  side  by  side — an 
excellent  arrangement-— the  notes  being  concerned 
chiefly  with  the  earlier  text.  Mr.  Atkins  has 
made  several  happy  emendations  :  we  may 
mention  as  examples  his  torouehede  for  the 
wronchede  and  wlonkhede  of  the  MSS.  in  the 
passage  about  the  seven  deadly  sins  (1.  1400)  ; 
and  the  reading  twene  twom  for  twere  and  tweyre 
tw')m  at  1.  991.  His  suggestions  for  the  solution 
of  puzzles  are  likewise  apt  to  be  fortunate,  and 
sometimes  he  may  be  considered  as  having  settled 
the  question,  as  when  he  refers  the  fox  "  hanging 
by  the  bough  "  to  Neckam's  '  De  Naturis  Rerum. 
In  fact  the  notes  are  excellent  and  copious, 
bringing  in,  from  all  appropriate  quarters,  just 
the  information  required. 

In  the  Introduction  Mr.  Atkins  gives  us  a  careful 
account  of  all  that  has  been  said  or  surmised  as 
to  the  author,  summing  up  imore  or  less  in  favour 
of  Nicholas  of  Guildford,  though  he  is  reduced 
to  the  use  of  one  or  two  weak  arguments  and 
lapses  into  some  exaggeration.  Thus  he  includes 
the  hue-and-cry  among  matters  which  "  point 
unmistakably  to  a  writer  well  versed  in  judicial 
matters,  whose  hand  was  subdued  to  what  it 
worked  in."  Since  the  hue-and-cry  was  every- 
body's business  it  argued  no  special  knowledge 
of  the  law  to  be  able  to  mention  it  in  point.  A 
tendency  to  over-emphasis,  what  we  will  call  a  too 
strongly  marked  rotundity,  in  some  degree 
spoils  the  effect  and  diminishes  the  value  of  the 
historical  and  especially  of  the  literary,  sections 
of  the  Introduction.  The  truth  to  form  and  the 
verve  of  the  poem  justify  the  praise  given  to  them, 
and  more  might  have  been  made  of  the  purely 
comic  spirit  evident  in  it  ;  "but  the  remarks  on 
the  use  of  popular  material  would  lead  one  to 
expect  more  than  one  will  find  ;  to  talk  of  "genius  " 
is  something  excessive,  and  when  we  are  told  that 
the  poem  is  the  "  expression  of  a  unique 
personality,"  "  the  authentic  utterance  of  one 
who  lived  under  the  early  Plantagenets,  and 
whose  ambitions  and  fancies,  whose  thoughts 
and  moods  are  therein  set  down  for  all  to  read," 
we  do  not  know  what  the  writer  means.  We  should 
hope  for  many  more  texts  edited  by  Mr.  Atkins 
and  many  more  lively,  informing  and  enthusiastic 
Introductions  such  as  this — and  it  is  in  that  hope 
we  suggest  the  desirability  of  a  more  drastic 
treatment  of  nourishes,  aud  a  greater  measure 
of  resistance  to  the  hypnotizing  power  which 
his  subject  undoubtedly  exercises  upon  the 
student.  We  cannot  forbear  to  add  a  word  of 
protest  against  the  translation  which  very  fre- 
quently blurs,  pleasing  or  significant  detail  in 
the  original  and  occasionally  turns  to  paraphrase 
without  any  reason  that  we  can  discover.  It 
would,  however,  misrepresent  our  opinion  if  we 
ended  on  a  note  of  criticism.  The  book  is  a  good 
one. 


440 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[12  S.  X.  .TONE  3,  1922. 


A  Contribution  to  an  Essex  Dialect  Dictionary. 
(Supplement  III.)  By  Edward  Gepp.  (Col- 
chester :  Benham  and  Co.  Is.) 
WE  welcomed  Mr.  Gepp's  original  collection  of 
Essex  words  as  an  excellent  and  useful  piece  of 
work,  and  are  now  no  less  glad  that  he  goes  on 
adding  word  to  word  and  supplement  to  supple- 
ment, as  well  as  expanding  his  discourse  in  the 
fields  of  rustic  humour,  negro  talk,  and  German 
opinion  on  the  Essex  dialect.  He  tells  us  the 
dictionary  is  now  almost  doubled  and  a  second 
edition  in  prospect.  The  main  vocabulary  is 
here  enriched  by  some  100  new  words  or  so,  many 
of  them  of  very  great  interest,  one  or  two  claiming 
to  be  recorded  here  for  the  first  time ;  some,  also, 
evidently  upon  that  difficult  line  where  individual 
wit  or  mispronunciation  or  a  family  vocabulary 
trenches  upon  dialect.  The  increase  of  substan- 
tives in  -ment  is  rather  a  feature  of  modern  word- 
making,  and  Essex  seems  to  have  produced  an 
expressive  one — "  partment,"  a  dividing  line  or 
space.  "  Offer,"  for  a  recommendation  or  a 
servant's  "  character,"  is  also  a  curious  develop- 
ment. "  Haggen-bag,"  or  "  hagny-bag,"  which 
seems  hitherto  to  have  been  imputed  to  Cornwall 
only,  is  said  to  be  in  common  use  in  Essex.  A 
"  keep  "  is  the  fitting  in  which  the  latch  of  a 
door  moves  ;  "  flashings  "  are  hedge-cuttings  ; 
"  glum,"  of  wood,  is  unseasoned  ;  to  "  wrap  up  " 
is  to  put  into  one's«coffin.  "  Scrimmage  "  seems 
ordinary  colloquial  English  rather  than  specifically 
Essex.  The  use  of  "  threaten  "  in  the  sense  of 
"  promise  "  is  rather  amusing. 

Bicentenary  Gloucester  Journal :   Historical  Record. 

By  Roland  Austin. 
WE  have  to  congratulate  the  editor  and  pro- 
prietors of  the  Gloucester  Journal  upon  the  attain- 
ment of  its  bicentenary  ;  and  our  correspondent, 
Mr.  Roland  Austin,  upon  the  pleasant  task  which 
has  fallen  to  him,  and  the  success  with  which  he 
has  carried  it  out.  His  recent  contribution  to 
our  columns  has  acquainted  our  readers  with  the 
main  features  of  the  history  of  the  Gloucester 
Journal.  In  the  account  now  before  us  he  goes 
over  the  same  ground  somewhat  more  expansively, 
supplying  besides  facsimiles  and  portraits.  To 
the  historical  record  are  added  numerous  reminis- 
cences of  the  staff,  letters  from  public  men,  anec- 
dotes and  hearty  appreciations,  all  together 
composing  a  whole  which  everyone  connected 
with  the  Gloucester  Journal  must  regard  with  a 
just  pride,  and  everyone  interested  in  the  history 
of  journalism  will  value  as  an  important  contribu- 
tion to  the  subject. 

English  Prose.  Vol.  V.  Mrs.  Gaskell  to  Henry 
James.  Chosen  and  arranged  by  W.  Peacock. 
(Oxford  University  Press.  4s.  6d.  net.) 
THIS  volume  brings  the  series  to  a  conclusion, 
and  perhaps  it  is  because  the  authors  whose 
works  it  includes  are,  as  a  group,  the  easiest  to 
obtain  that  the  selection  has  been  made  some- 
what casually.  The  examples  of  Charlotte  Bronte's 
prose  include  neither  the  exquisite  Biographical 
Notice  and  Preface  which  she  contributed  to 
'  Wuthering  Heights  '  (one  of  the  most  beautiful 
things  in  English  prose),  nor  any  one  of  the 
masterly  pieces  in  '  VUlette,'  but  five  slabs, 
indifferently  chosen,  running  to  over  forty  pages, 
and  all  from  '  Jane  Eyre.'  Trollope  is  represented 


only  from  the  Barchester  Series  ;  Charles  Kingsley 
only  from  '  Westward  Ho  !  '  to  which  thirty-five 
pages  are  given.  Shorthouse,  whose  prose  is  no 
worse  than  Kingsley's,  is  not  here  at  all.  Walter 
Pater  has  barely  six  pages  allotted  to  him.  With- 
out wishing  to  carp,  and  without  doubting  that 
the  volume  as  it  stands  will  serve  its  pxirpose  in 
some  degree,  we  cannot  help  wishing  that  it  had 
been  brought  up  to  the  level  of  its  predecessors. 


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441 


LONDON,  JUNE  10.  1922. 


CONTENTS.— No.   217. 

NOTES:— Marat  in  England,  441— Gucr.'negon  of  Ancaster, 
443 — Simson  Family,  445 — Bedford  Inscriptions,  447 — 
Julian  Bower — Literary  Parallels  and  Coincidences,  449— 
Spanish  Proverb,  450. 

QUERIES :— Jane  Austen:  References  wanted— The  Capon 
Tree  in  Jedwater,  450 — Wypers — "  Stone-coat  " — Heraldic 
—Rochester  Charters  :  "  Waveson  "—Major  William  Murray 
—London  Commercial  Schools  in  the  Eighteenth  Century- 
Colonel  Richard  Elton,  451— "  St.  Fraunces  Fire  "—The 
Adventures  of  a  Coin— Pedigree  of  Catherine  Plaistow, 
Dublin—"  No  less  "  and  "  >  o  fewer  "— Tupper's  Poems  on 
"  Chinese  "  Gordon— The  Boss  of  Billingsgate,  452— The  Brit- 
ish and  Foreign  Review — James  Bordieu — Washington— Wed- 
ding-ring :  Change  of  Hand — Grazia  Deledda— Grantee  of 
Arms  wanted— Byerley— Author  wanted— Reference  wanted, 
453. 

REPLIES  : — "  Hay"  Silver,"  454 — Yorkshire  Use  of  "  Thou  " 
—Abbot  Paslew  :  his  Place  of  Execution— Mules  on  Moun- 
tains. 456— Adah  Isaacs  Menken's '  Infelicia,'  457— D'Anvers 
Arms  Inn  :  Pindar's  Bagnio—"  Monkey  Trick  "—Rhymed 
History  of  England— Early  Victor  an  Literature,  458— Brass 
Ornaments  on  Harness — The  Royal  Anns— The  Dance  of 
Salome,  459 — Authors  wanted,  460. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :— '  British  Flags.' 
Notices  to  Correspondents. 


JJote*. 

MARAT   IN   ENGLAND. 

(See  ante,  pp.  381,- 403,  422.) 
THE  second  phase  opens  to  find  him  installed 
on  the  medical  staff  of  the  Comte  d' Artois  in 
Paris,  one  of  those  "  Princes "  whom  he 
had  attacked  so  fiercely  in  his  '  Chains  of 
Slavery.'  It  is  interesting  to  learn,  precisely, 
how  this  appointment  was  obtained. 
"  There  can  be  no  doubt,"  Mr.  Morse 
Stephens  assures  us,  "  that  he  had  at  this 
time  the  reputation  of  an  accomplished 
physician,  for  in  1777  he  was  summoned  to 
Paris  to  take  up  a  situation  at  Court  "  (Pall 
Mall  Magazine,  Sept.,  1896  ;  Bax,  1891, 
p.  35).  There  is,  however,  as  we  have 
slum  11,  no  evidence  whatever  of  such  a  repu- 
tation, nor  is  there  of  any  "  summons  to 
Court."  Jean  Paul,  himself,  is  quite  candid 
on  the  point.  He  owed  the  situation,  he 
admits,  to  the  influence  of  the  Marquise  de 
1'Aubespine,  a  patient,  it  should  be  explained, 
whose  seduction  he  had  accomplished  in 


defiance  of  all  professional  ethics  (Cabanes, 
pp.  114-15).  Further,  he  studiously  con- 
cealed from  the  Comte  his  lack  of  profes- 
sional qualifications,  and  even  contrived  to 
get  his  entirely  apocryphal  "  plusieurs 
facultes  d'Angleterre  "  officially  recorded  in 
the  brevet,  the  original  of  which  still  exists 
(ibid.,  pp.  104-5).  This  appointment,  which 
was  as  one  of  the  doctors  on  the  medical 
staff  of  the  Comte,  was  apparently  neither 
a  very  important  nor  very  lucrative  affair  ; 
but  the  fact  that  he  was  eager  to  procure  it 
shows  that  the  exchange  was  probably  made 
from  something  a  good  deal  less  substantial. 
His  stipend  was  2,000  livres,  or  about  £80, 
a  year,  and  he  was  merely  one  of  a  medical 
staff  of  twelve  ;  but  he  was  not  debarred 
from  private  practice  and  was  entitled  to 
certain  allowances,  among  which,  it  is  said, 
was  an  official  residence  "  Aux  Ecuries." 
Mr.  Morse  Stephens  explains  that  this  was 
an  address,  equivalent  to  our  Stableyard, 
St.  James's  Palace,  and  did  not  import,  as 
Carlyle  and  others  have  supposed,  that  his 
duties  were  connected  with  the  Comte' s 
horses,  grooms  or  stables.  But  it  was  more 
probably  an  office  only,  for  Marat  never  re- 
sided there.  We  know,  moreover,  that  he 
had  some  practice  as  a  veterinary  at  New- 
castle, and  that,  although  he  was  originally 
appointed,  and  signed  himself ,  as  "medecin 
des  gardes  du  corps,"  one  letter  at  least 
exists  in  which  he  describes  himself  specifi- 
cally as  "  medecin  des  ecuries  du  Comte 
d' Artois"  (Vellay,  281).  This  would  point 
to  his  subsequent  transfer  to  the  latter 
department  and  so  would  reconcile  both 
views.  Duval,  in  his  *  Souvenirs  de  la 
Terreur,'  describes  Marat  as  doctor  to  the 
Comte' s  grooms  ;  Montjoie  calls  him  doctor 
to  the  Comte 's  stables  ;  and  Monseigneur 
de  Salamon,  in  his  '  Memoirs,'  corroborates 
them  in  a  curious  way.  He  tells  us  that 
he  once  consulted  Marat,  who  at  that  time 
was  medecin  des  ecuries  du  Comte  d1  Artois, 
but  that  on  taking  his  prescription  to  a 
well-known  chemist,  the  latter  exclaimed, 
"  This  medicine  is  not  for  you — it  is  a 
horse -mixture  !  " 

Having,  then,  succeeded  in  hoodwinking 
his  patron  in  the  matter  of  his  medical 
credentials,  Jean  Paul  aspires,  later,  to  hood- 
wink the  public  with  regard  to  his  social 
status.  Thus  we  find  him  submitting  to 
the  Heralds  in  Paris,  "  proofs  "  of  his  noble 
descent,  and  inditing  the  following  : — 

Have  you  received  my  letter  ?  If  so,  I  hope 
you  will  not  refuse  my  armorial  bearings,  seeing 
ixnv  assure.!  is  1  lie  nobility  of  my  family  both  in 


442 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [12  s.  x. TUNE  to,  1022. 


France  and  Spain.     The  post  which  I  now  occupy 
and   which   is   but   enhanced   by  the   confidence 
reposed  in  me  by  Monseigneur,  makes  this  affair  j 
one  in  the  public  interest.     It  is  to  the  honour  of  j 
the  State  that  the  ancestry  of  the  servants  of  the  j 
Princes     should     be     established     by     authentic  | 
evidence  such  as  I  have  not  failed  to  supply. — 
J.  P.  Mara,  dit  Marat. 

The  date  and  result  of  this  application  are 
not  recorded,  but  it  appears  that  arms,  sur- 
mounted by  a  Count's  coronet,  were  for  a 
time  actually  used  by  Marat,  and  a  seal  of 
the  same  character  affixed  by  him  to  several 
letters  (Vellay,  p.  88  ;  Cabanes,  pp.  93-6). 

Thus  favourably  launched,  let  us  see  how 
Jean  Paul  fares  in  the  coveted  milieu  of 
aristocratic  Paris.  Here,  again,  unfortu- 
nately, there  occurs  a  sharp  conflict  between 
his  own  and  his  biographers'  claims  on  the 
one  hand,  and  the  sober  chronicle  of  facts  on 
the  other.  To  believe  Jean  Paul,  his  success 
was  immense.  On  one  occasion  he  states 
that  "  he  could  not  possibly  attend  all  the 
consultations  to  which  he  was  daily  sum- 
moned." On  another,  that 
the  fame  of  the  sensational  cures  I  had  effected 
attracted  a  prodigious  crowd  of  invalids.  My 
door  was  constantly  besieged  by  the  carriages  of 
patients  who  arrived  from  all  parts  to  consult  me. 
From  the  number  of  hopeless  cases  I  relieved  I 
came  to  be  called  the  Doctor  of  the  Incurables.  .  .  . 
My  good  fortune,  however,  gave  umbrage  to  the 
practitioners  of  the  Faculty,  who  calculated  with 
pain  the  magnitude  of  my  receipts,  and  held 
frequent  consultations  as  to  the  most  effectual 
means  of  defaming  me.  (Letter  to  St.  Laurent, 
Nov.  20,  1783.) 

His  chroniclers,  though  rather  more  re- 
strained, are  not  less  confident.  He  moved, 
they  allege,  in  the  most  fashionable  Parisian 
society,  his  practice  was  extremely  successful, 
and  "  there  can  be  no  doubt,"  one  of  them 
concludes,  "  that  he  made  sufficient  money 
by  his  profession  to  enable  him  to  retire 
from  Court  with  a  competence  in  1783 " 
(Morse  Stephens,  Pall  Mall  Magazine, 
September,  1896). 

Now  there  appear  to  be  very  few  trust- 
worthy sources  of  information  relating  to  Jean 
Paul's  medical  career  in  Paris,  but  such  as 
there  are  tell  a  somewhat  different  tale.  It 
is  quite  probable  that,  enjoying  the  advan- 
tage of  a  Court  appointment,  he  did,  at  the 
outset,  succeed  in  acquiring  a  fairly  numer- 
ous and  lucrative  clientele.  But  the  tide 
must  soon  have  begun  to  turn,  for  as  early 
as  December,  1777,  records  exist  of  proceed- 
ings taken  by  him  against  a  certain  Count 
Zabielo  for  assault,  from  which  it  appears 
that  Marat  had  for  some  time  been  attending 
a  lady  of  the  Count's  household  for  pul- 


monary trouble,  though  without  success, 
and  that  when  he  called  for  his  fees,  amount- 
ing to  a  considerable  sum,  the  Count,  with 
the  help  of  his  lackey,  had  him  ejected  and 
declined  to  pay  his  bill  (Cabanes,  pp.  500-9). 
Again,  early  in  1778  we  find  him  constrained 
to  repel  divers  professional  attacks,  some  of 
which  charge  him  with  being  an  upstart 
advertising  talents  he  does  not  possess,  and 
others  with  being  an  impostor  vaunting  suc- 
cesses he  never  obtained  (Vellay,  p.  281). 
A  few  years  later  he  has  to  confess  to  Brissot 
liis  disappointments,  his  difficulties  with  the 
official  world,  and  the  frigid  reception  his 
advances  had  met  with  from  the  Academy, 
adding  that  he  had  made  up  his  mind  to 
abandon  medicine,  which  in  Paris  was 
merely  the  profession  of  a  charlatan.  In 
spite  of  this  determination,  however,  Brissot 
tells  us  that  he  still  continued,  from  time  to 
time,  to  vend  various  tinctures  and  specifics 
of  which  he  guaranteed  the  efficacy  ('Me- 
moirs,' vol.  i.,  pp.  336-9)  ;  an  occupation 
that,  according  to  an  old  print  reproduced 
by  Dr.  Cabanes,  he  is  also  alleged  to  have 
practised  in  the  streets  of  Metz.  Next  we 
hear  of  his, borrowing  money  from  a  patient, 
and  thanking  him  effusively  for  the  loan 
(Vellay,  p.  282)  ;  while,  apparently  about 
the  same  period,  Brissot  describes  him  as 
reduced  to  poverty  and  living  miserably. 
This  is  corroborated  by  other  writers,  one  of 
whom  speaks  of  him  as  an  obscure  physician 
living  in  Paris  partly  on  charity  and  partly 
at  the  expense  of  any  dupes  he  could  make 
(Pages,  '  Hist.  Secrete  de  la  Rev.  Fr.,'  vol.  ii., 
p.  19)  ;  and  another,  as  subsisting  chiefly 
on  what  he  could  earn  by  hawking  "  uni- 
versal remedies  "  (Montjoie,  '  Conjuration 
de  d' Orleans,'  ii.,  p.  154). 

Then  we  have  Jean  Paul's  letter,  written 
about  1782/3  to  Brissot,  who  was  in  London 
at  the  time,  intimating  that  his  affairs  had 
begun  to  take  a  favourable  turn,  but  that 
if  the  improvement  was  not  maintained,  he 
had  resolved  to  join  his  friend  in  England 
(Vellay,  p.  10).  That  the  improvement  was 
not  maintained  is  clear  from  the  efforts  he 
made  in  1783  to  obtain  an  academical 
post  in  Madrid,  efforts  that  were  soon  to  be 
frustrated.  Indeed,  in  November,  1783, 
we  find  him  writing  that  although,  on 
coming  to  Paris,  his  friends  had  assured  him 
of  good  fortune,  he  had  in  fact  encountered 
nothing  but  "  outrages,  chagrins,  and  tribu- 
lations "  (ibid.,  p.  28). 

Turning  to  the  purely  scientific  side  of 
his  career,  the  results  were  scarcely  more 


12  S.  X.  JUNE  10,  1922.]  NOTES    AND    QUERIES. 


443 


encouraging.  During  the  six  years  he  was 
upon  the  staff  of  the  Comte  he  appears  to 
have  prepared  and  written  or  published  some 
six  or  seven  substantial  monographs,  dealing 
respectively  with  fire,  light  and  electricity, 
in  addition  to  works  upon  optics,  which 
appeared  at  a  later  date.  Here,  if  we  take 
Jean  Paul  at  his  own  valuation,  he  proves 
himself  a  prodigy  indeed.  Thus  in  physics 
his  discoveries  were  such  that  they  would 
"  force  their  way  against  wind  and  tide  and 
render  him  immortal  "  ;  in  optics  "  the  true 
primitive  colours  had  been  unknown  until 
he  took  them  in  hand  "  ;  in  electricity  "  the 
real  nature  of  this  marvellous  force  con- 
sidered as  a  universal  agent  had  hitherto 
been  ignored — he,  however,  had  made  it 
known  and  in  such  a  way  as  to  leave  no  fur- 
ther doubt  upon  the  subject  "  ;  while,  as  to 
the  igneous  fluid,  he  had  "  freed  it  from 
every  hypothesis  and  conjecture,  purged  it 
of  error,  and  in  his  volume  on  the  subject 
consigned  to  oblivion  all  that  scientific 
bodies  had  previously  published "  (Taine, 
'  La  Revolution,'  vol.  iii.,  p.  163).  It  is 
easy  to  understand  that  these  vapourings 
did  not  greatly  commend  him  to  the  serious 
savants  of  Paris,  so  that  when,  session  after 
session,  he  pressed  himself,  his  experiments 
and  his  discoveries  upon  the  Academy  of 
Sciences,  it  would  have  none  of  them.  Nor 
was  his  prestige  enhanced  by  his  fracas,  in 
March,  1783,  with  the  famous  scientist 
Charles,  who,  according  to  one  account,  had 
publicly  stigmatized  him  as  a  charlatan, 
and  according  to  another  had  detected  him 
passing  off  a  spurious  magnet,  and  subse- 
quently met  Jean  Paul's  demand  for  redress 
with  forcible  expulsion  and  a  serious  wound 
(Cabanes,  pp.  289-96,  527-8).  But  apart 
altogether  from  the  validity  of  Jean  Paul's 
scientific  claims,  a  question  which  does  not 
concern  us  here,  there  can  be  no  doubt  that 
all  these  researches,  experiments  and  tech- 
nical publications  must  not  only  l^tve 
proved  a  constant  drain  on  his  financial 
resources,  but  have  played  havoc  with 
his  medical  practice,  the  chief  means 
he  had  of  replenishing  them.  In  one 
instance  alone  he  speaks  of  shutting 
himself  up  for  thirteen  months  in  his  labo- 
ratory in  pursuit  of  various  investigations 
(Vellay,  p.  29).  This  very  probably  was  an 
exaggeration  intended  to  serve  the  particular 
purpose  in  hand  (his  application  for  the 
Madrid  post),  but,  if  only  partially  true,  it 
shows  to  what  an  ebb  his  practice  must  have 
sunk  to  permit  of  these  prolonged  seclusions. 
Such,  then,  being  the  condition  of  things 


after  six  years  of  unremitting  struggle  in 
Paris,  we  find  that,  about  the  end  of  1783  or 
early  part  of  1784,  his  engagement  with  the 
Comte  d'Artois  suddenly  ceases.  No  reasons 
are  known  ;  he  may  have  been  dismissed, 
he  may  have  resigned.  At  all  events,  for 
the  next  two  years  very  little  is  heard  of 
him.  We  learn,  indeed,  that  in  May,  1785r 
he  petitioned  the  authorities  to  be  relieved 
from  taxation  on  the  ground  that,  no  longer 
on  the  staff  of  the  Comte,  he  is  reduced  to 
the  condition  of  a  foreigner  and  man  of 
letters,  travelling  in  the  pursuit  of  knowledge 
(Vellay,  pp.  89-90)  ;  also  that,  12  months 
later,  he  presents  a  copy  of  one  of  his  works 
to  the  King.  In  the  same  years,  too,  he 
appears  to  have  competed,  not  very  success- 
fully, for  prizes  on  certain  scientific  subjects 
offered  by  one  or  two  of  the  French  pro- 
vincial Academies.  And  then  there  super- 
venes in  his  career  another  of  those  mys- 
terious lacunae  that  have  proved  so  baffling 
to  his  biographers.  From  1786  to  1788  he 
is  plunged  into  limbo  again,  and  once  more, 
though  for  the  last  time,  becomes  the 
"  Marat  Inconnu  "  of  history.  By  way  of 
bridging  this  awkward  interval,  the  more 
imaginative  of  his  chroniclers  have,  as  we 
have  seen,  caused  him  to  retire  on  his 
savings  and  devote  himself  to  his  favourite 
hobby  of  science.  SIDNEY  L.  PHIPSON. 
(To  be  continued.) 


GUORANEGON    OF    ANCASTER, 

IN  his  'Roman  Roads  in  Britain'  (1918, 
p.  124)  Mr.  Thomas  Codrington  says  :  "  At 
Ancaster,  Erming  Street  passed  through  a 
Roman  camp  which  can  be  traced  on  the 
north  of  the  cross-roads  in  the  town, 
measuring  300  yards  by  230  yards."  In  the 
map  of  Roman  Britain  in  '  Monumenta  His- 
torica  Britannica  '  (1848)  the  Roman  station 
of  Causennae  is  connoted  by  "  Ancaster." 
This  error  is  copied  by  Professor  Ramsay 
Muir  in  his  '  School  Atlas  of  Modern  History"' 
(1911),  Map  24.  Similarly^  in  his  'British 
Place-names  in  their  Historical  Setting ' 
(1910,  pp.  108-9),  the  Rev.  Edmund  McClure, 
when  annotating  the  Fifth  Britannic  Route 
in  Antoniiie's  Itinerary,  copies  the  '  Monu- 
menta '  and  says  that  "  Causennis  is  at  the 
exact  distance  for  An-Caster,  where  the  an- 
may  still  preserve  a  relic  of  its  former 
name." 

But  Ancaster  is  seventeen  miles  from 
Lincoln,  whereas  Causennse  was  xxvi.  m.p. 
from  Lindum  Colonia.  Hence  we  must 


444 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [12  s.  x.  JUNE  10, 1022. 


reject  the  identification  quoted.  Moreover, 
about  nine  miles  south  of  Ancaster  and 
twenty-six  miles  from  Lincoln  lies  Keisby, 
and  that,  as  I  pointed  out  in  my  note  on 
'  Lindum  Colonia  and  its  Neighbours  ' 
('N.  &  Q.,'  12  S.  ix.  524),  represents  the 
*'  Chiesebi  "  of  Domesday  Book.  "  Chiesebi  " 
is  O.E.  Ciesanby,  "  the  habitations  of  Ciesa." 
"  Ciesa "  postulates  *Clesa  >  *Ceasi,  and 
these  are  O.E.  adaptations  of  Alemannic 
"  Caus-i  " — the  shifted  form  of  Germanic 
Gaus-,  O.E.  *Geas  <  Ges,  which  we  get  in 
*'  Gesecg  "  for  Gesseg  in  the  pedigree  of  the 
Kings  of  Essex. 

In  my  note  on  '  Ancaster  and  Annhun 
Rex  Grsecorum '  (<  N.  &  Q.,'  12  S.  vii. 
227),  I  gave  reasons  for  equating  "  Ane-"  in 
the  thirteenth-  century  form  "  Anecaster," 
with  O.E.  Andan,  the  owning  case  of  Anda  ; 
and  I  identified  the  person  thus  named  with 
the  grandson  of  Seaxneat,  who  is  miscalled 
"  Andsecg,"  son  of  "  Gesecg,"  in  the  pedigree 
just  now  referred  to.  The  scribal  forms,  as 
we  know  them,  date  from  about  A.D.  875. 
They  are  evidently  corrupt  and  we  must 
amend  them  to  Andaeg,  son  of  Gesaeg.  These 
names,  like  O.E.  "  Bseld-seg,"  that  of  the 
ancestor  of  the  Balthungs,  present  a  Germanic 
ending  of  names  of  men  (viz.  -ag),  in  its 
O.E.  form.  Now,  granted  an  O.E.  And-aeg 
(with  which  cp.  And-hun,  And-raed,  And- 
scoh),  let  us  ask  what  form  that  name  would 
assume  in  Brythonic  writings  of  the  eighth 
century  and  the  ninth. 

In  the  Nomina  Civitatum  in  the  '  His- 
toria  Brittonum '  (ed.  T.  Mommsen,  1894, 
p.  210)  we  find  a  town-name  "  Cair  Guor- 
anegon "  recorded.  This  Romano-British 
city  has  never  yet  been  located  correctly. 
Crude  attempts  have  been  made  to  identify 
the  name  with  "  Worcester."  But  the  O.E. 
for  Worcester  was  "  Wiogoraceaster "  and 
there  cannot  be  any  nominal  connexion 
between  that  and  Cairg  uoranegon.  "  Wio- 
gora "  is  found  in  the  ninth-century 
Bodleian  MS.,  Hatton,  No.  20,  which  pre- 
serves King  Alfred  the  Great's  translation 
of  Pope  Gregory's  '  Cura  Pastoralis.'  It  is 
the  owning  case  of  *Wigwaru,  and  the  town- 
name  means  the  Chester  of  the  Wigfolk. 
King  Alfred  was  writing  in  A.D.  890.  Nen- 
nius's  compilation  was  made  in  A.D.  837. 

The  headword  of  GuorAnegon  is  the  Old 
Welsh  preposition  guor,  guar,  which  means 
"  upon,"  "  over,"  and  is  corrupted  into  gor. 
WTien  set  before  names  of  men  it  has 
titular  meaning  and  is  equivalent  to  prceses, 
a  protector  or  ruler ;  cp.  "  praeses  pro- 


vincise,"  the  governor  of  a  province.  Nen- 
nius  assigns  this  title  to  each  of  three 
Romano- British  kings  who,  so  he  believed, 
were  ruling  in  the  fourth  century,  viz., 
GuorThegirn,  GuorThemir  and  GuorAnogon. 
The  last  is  made  king  of  Cantium  and  is  said 
to  have  been  unaware  that  his  kingdom  had 
been  granted  to  Hengist. 

"  Anogon  "  is  one  form.  Other  variants 
in  the  '  Historia  Brittonum  '  (cap.  37  and 
66a)  are  Anegon,  Ancgon,  Ancguon,  Amgon. 
In  every  case  these  scribal  variants  are 
compounded  with  Guor,  and  they  preserve 
the  same  name  and  the  same  title  as  that 
presented  in  the  Nomina  Civitatum,  viz., 
Cair  GuorAnegon — the  City  of  Anegon  the 
Governor. 

The  ending  -on  is  an  addition  frequently 
made,  and  sometimes  quite  erroneously,  by 
Nennius  to  O.E.  personal  names :  cp. 
Alus-on,  Titin-on,  Gueay-on.  "  Aneg-"  is 
an  early  Welsh  form  which  points  to  a  still 
earlier  *  Ant -eg.  In  the  middle  of  a  Welsh 
word  nt  lost  its  t  by  phonetic  rule  and  be- 
came nn ;  cp.  Welsh  dant,  "  a  tooth," 
dannedd,  "teeth,"  and  see  '  An  Introduc- 
tion to  Early  Welsh,'  by  John  Strachan 
(1909),  p.  8,  §f.  Consequently  *Guor 
Ant  eg  would  become  *Guor  Anneg,  vocally, 
and  scribally  *Guor  Aneg. 

I  have  previously  explained  that  "  Anto  " 
is  the  Alemannic  shifted  form  of  Anda,  and 
that  the  Brythons  elected  to  equate  "  Anto  " 
with  Latin  Anton-ius  (Ant  +  on  again),  and 
to  express  it  as  Annhun  or  Annwn.  This 
Anto,  Anda,  Annhun,  the  prince  of  the 
"  Greeks  "  or  Creacas  of  Lincolnshire,  had 
passed  away  at  a  great  age  some  fifty  years 
before  Hengist  and  Horsa  arrived  in  the 
consulship  of  Felix  and  Taurus,  i.e.,  in  A.D. 
427-428.  Why  then  did  Nennius  synchron- 
ize him  with  GuorThegirn  and  Hengist  ? 
A  scribal  error  in  the  '  Historia  Brittonum ' 
deceived  Nennius,  and  was  the  cause  of  the 
anafhronism.  In  cap.  xxxi.  the  Saxon  ad- 
vent is  ascribed  to  "  Anno  cccxlvii.  post 
passionem  Christi  "  (Mommsen's  edition). 
The  oldest  form  of  this  datum  occurs  in  a 
twelfth-century  Corpus  MS.,  which  yields 
"  cccxlviiii.  a  passione  Christi."  This  in- 
dicates A.D.  29  +  348  =  A.D.  377,  and  that 
coincides  approximately  with  the  demise  of 
Antis  and  the  coming-in  hither  of  the 
Alemannic  king  named  Fraomarius  by  Am- 
mianus  Marcellinus.  It  cannot,  however, 
fit  GuorThegirn  and  Hengist.  Well,  an 
Anglo-Saxon  form  of  C  was  C,  and  C,  F 
and  L  are  easily  confounded.  So,  if  we 


12  S.  X.  JUKE  10,   1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


445 


write  CCCXCVIIII,  i.e.,  399  a  passione, 
the  puzzle  is  solved  harmoniously  ;  for  that 
datum  indicates  A.D.  427-428,  the  true  year 
of  the  Saxon  advent  and  of  the  consulship 
of  Felix  and  Taurus.  As  Nennius  mis- 
guidedly  dated  the  Saxon  advent  in  A.D.  375 
or  thereabouts,  he  had  some  reason  to 
synchronize  GuorAnneg  with  GuorThegirn 
and  Hengist.  The  latter  did  receive  or 
occupy  the  kingdom  of  Kent,  but  that 
reason  is  quite  insufficient  for  making 
GuorAnneg  its  king. 

Cair  GuorAnnegon,  then,  is  Ancaster,  the 
city  that  the  Saxon  Andaeg,  son  of  Gesseg, 
the  Annun  Du,  King  of  the  "  Greeks  "  of 
Lincolnshire,  possessed  in  the  third  quarter 
of  the  fourth  century  and  left  his  name  to. 
These  "  Greeks  "  were,  of  course,  the  Creacas 
of  Widsith.  The  Alemannic  status  of  Ane- 
caster  reappears  in  Layamon  (c.  1205),  who 
tells  as  that  Childeric  the  Caiser  of  the 
Alemanni  possessed  a  castle  "  in  Lincolne's 
felde  "  ;  cp.  '  N.  &  Q.,'  12  S.  vii.  228,  col.  2. 
ALFRED  ANSCOMBE. 

30,  Albany  Road,  Stroud  Green,  N.  4. 


SIMSON    FAMILY. 

I  AM  compiling  a  genealogical  tree  of  a  family 
of  Simson,  which,  in  the  sixteenth  and 
seventeenth  centuries,  was  noted  for  the 
number  of  its  members  who  became  ministers 
of  religion.  I  desire  the  names  of  the  wives 
and  husbands,  and  particulars  of  the  descend- 
ants, of  a  number  of  the  members  of  the 
family,  and  I  should  be  grateful  to  any 
reader  who  may  be  able  and  willing,  to  give 
me  any  information. 

The  family  of  Simson  is  a  branch  of  the 
great  Clan  Fraser.  It  would  appear  that 
Gilbert  de  Fraser  (temp.  Alexander  I.),  who 
had  lands  in  East  Hales,  East  Lothian,  and 
•elsewhere,  had  three  sons,  the  youngest  of 
whom,  Simon  de  Fraser,  married  Marion, 
a  daughter  of  Walter,  first  Great  Steward 
of  Scotland.  His  fourth  son,  Alexander, 
was  known  as  MacShemie,  or  son  of  Simon, 
and  called  himself  Simson.  He  settled  in 
Fife,  having  obtained  from  Duncan,  sixth 
Earl  of  Fife  (fifth  in  descent  from  Macduff), 
a  grant  of  lands  in  the  Royal  Forest,  which 
became  known  as  the  Falkelen,  he  having 
been  appointed  Royal  Falconer  to  King 
Alexander  II. 

His  son,  Alexander,  acquired  by  marriage 
the  lands  of  Blairstruie,  &c.,  and  was  father 
of  Simon  Simson,  whose  eldest  son,  Simon 
Symson,  inherited  Falkland.  Robert,  the 


second  son,  was  a  bailie  of  Peebles,  and 
John,  the  third  son,  was  a  bailie  of  Lanark. 
Simon's  eldest  son,  James,  succeeded  at 
Falkland,  John,  the  third  son,  being  a  bailie 
of  Rutherglen.  The  above  Robert  Simson 
was  father  of  John  Symson,  "  custumar  of 
Baiif  1375." 

The  above  James  had  three  sons,  the 
eldest  of  whom,  John,  was  father  of  John, 
Robert,  Thomas  and  Richard. 

1.  John     Symsone,     who     succeeded     to 
Falkland,  sold  his  lands  to  King  James  II. 
He  was  a  bailie  of  Crail,  Fifeshire. 

2.  Robert    Symsone    was    Clerk    of    the 
Closet  to  the  King. 

3.  Thomas  Symsoune  was  of   Knockhill. 
He  was  "  Receiver  of  Ferms  and  Grains  for 
the    Crown "    in    the    county    of    Fife,    for 
which  he  had  "  grassum  "  of  Auchtermuchty 
Mill  ;     Steward    and    Chamberlain    of    the 
Royal  Earldom  of  Fife  1471-88  ;    Governor 
of   Stirling   Castle,   which   he  held  for   the 
Prince  (James  IV.).     He  was  slain  at  the 
Battle  of  Sauchieburn,  1488, 

4.  Richard  Simsone  was  "  Buyer  to  the 
King's    Household,"    "  for    which    he    had 
'  farm  '  of  Fruchy  Mill  for  daily  wage.'* 

From  these  four  brothers  are  probably 
descended  all  the  Fife  and  Lothian  families 
of  Simson,  Symson  and  Simpson. 

The  first  of  the  family  of  Simson  in  whom 
I  am  interested  was  the  Rev.  Andrew 
Simson,  who  died  in  1589,  and  I  should  be 
glad  to  learn  from  which  of  the  four  brothers 
mentioned  above  he  was  descended. 

The  Rev.  Andrew  Simson  was  master  of 
the  Grammar  School  in  Perth  1550-60 ; 
minister  and  master  of  Dunning  and  Cargill 
1562  ;  Dunbar  1564-82,  and  Dalkeith  1582. 
He  married  Violet  Adamson  (dau.  of  Adam 
Constance,  or  Const  on,  a  baker  in  Perth, 
who  was  magistrate  of  that  city  1541,  and 
died  Oct.  23,  1570),  sister  of  the  Rev.  Patrick 
Adamson,  A.M.  (born  1536,  died  1591  ; 
grad.  St.  Andrews  University  1558  ;  mini- 
ster of  Ceres  1560  ;  travelled  in  France, 
studied  law  and  became  an  advocate  ; 
returned  to  the  Church  ;  minister  of  Paisley 
1572  ;  chaplain  to  the  Regent,  James,  Earl 
of  Morton,  1574  ;  archbishop  of  St.  Andrews 
1576). 

The  Rev.  Andrew  Simson,  by  his  wife, 
Violet  Adamson,  had  issue  : — 

1 .  Matthew  Simson,  Professor  of  Humanity 
at  Glasgow  University. 

2.  Rev.    Archibald    Simson  (born     1564, 
died  December,   1628).     He  married  Eliza- 


446 


NOTES   AND  QUERIES.       [12  s.  x.  JUNE  10, 1022. 


beth  Stewart,  and  was  minister  of  Dalkeith 
1586.     He  wrote  '  Life  of  St.  Patrick.' 

3.  Rev.    Alexander    Simson,    A.M.    (born 
1570,  died  June  17,  1639),  minister  of  Muck- 
hart   1591,  Alva   1592,  Dryburgh   1597  ;    a 
prisoner  in  Dumbarton  Castle  1621. 

4.  Rev.    Abraham    Simson,    minister    of 
Norham. 

5.  Rev.  Patrick  Simson,  A.M.,  of  whom 
presently. 

6.  Rev.     William     Simson,     minister     of 
Burntisland     1593-1601     and      Dumbarton 
1601-1610. 

7.  Rev.     Richard     Simson,     minister     of 
Sprowston.  He  married  .  .  .  and  had  issue  : — 

i.  James  Simson,  minister  of  Sprowston 
1645-48  and  of  Airth  1650.  He  married 
Elspeth,  dau.  of  Andrew  Home  of  Prender- 
gast,  and  had  issue  : — 

a.  Mary  Simson,  married  to    Hugh  Bin- 
ning, minister  of  Govan. 

b.  Jacobina   Simson,    married   to   George 
Mair,  minister  of  Culross  and  of  Tullieallan, 
and  had  issue  : — 

a.  George  Mair,  minister  of  New  Deer, 
Aberdeenshire. 

c.  Agnes  Simson. 

d.  Barbara  Simson. 

e.  Richard  Simson,  1694. 

ii.  Robert  Simson,  collector  of  Midlothian. 

8.  Christian    Simson,    married    to    Rev. 
James Porteous,  A.M.,  minister  of  Lasswade, 
Dalkeith,  1616.     He  died  1643,  aged  about 
65.     She  survived  him. 

9.  Katherine    Simson,    married    to    Rev. 
Alexander    Home    1586    (of     Hunt  wo  de)  ; 
minister  of  Dunbar  1582.     He  died  Decem- 
ber, 1623. 

The  Rev.  Patrick  Simson,  A.M.  (born 
1556,  died  March  31,  1618),  minister  of 
Stirling  twenty-seven  years,  also  minister  of 
Spott,  Cramond,  and  Tranent.  He  married, 
first,  Martha  Barron  (dau.  of  James  Barron 
of  Kinnaird,  Provost  of  Edinburgh,  by  his 
wife,  Elizabeth  Adamson,  "  a  pupil  of  John 
Knox  1555,"  and  sister  of  the  Archbishop  of 
St.  Andrews),  and  had  issue  : — 

1.  Rev.  Adam  Simson,  of  whom  presently. 

2.  Rev.  James  Simson,  A.M.,  of  Tongland, 
Kirkcudbrightshire,  and  of  Bathgate,  Lin- 
lithgow,    1618  ;     served   heir   to   his   father 
1618  ;    grad.  St.  Andrews  University  1600  ; 
went  to  France  ;   returned  in  August,  1612  ; 
died  January,  1654.     He  married  Annabella 
Hay  and  had  a  dau.,  Katherine,  who  married 
the  Rev.  John  Scott  of  Shotts. 

3.  A  son  who  was  a  minister  in  Ireland  ; 


killed  by  rebels.  His  widow  got  relief  from 
the  Presbytery  of  Linlithgow,  July  5,  1643. 

4.  Lillias  Simson  (born  1590),  married  to 
the  Rev.  John  Gillespie,  A.M.  (born  1581, 
died  1627),  minister  of  Alva  1603  and  of  Kirk- 
caldy  1612.  She  had  issue  a  son,  the  Rev. 
George  Gillespie  (bom  1613,  died  Dec.  17, 
1648),  who  married  Margaret  Murray. 

The  Rev.  Patrick  Simson  married, 
secondly,  a  Miss  Rollock,  but,  so  far  as 
I  know,  he  had  no  issue  by  her. 

The  Rev.  Adam  Simson  (born  May,  1594, 
died  June,  1642)  was  minister  of  Airth 
1617-18  and  of  New  Abbey  1618-28.  He 
married,  Jan.  16,  1618,  Margaret  Spens,  and 
had  issue  an  only  son  : — 

Rev.  Patrick  Simson,  A.M.  (born  Oct.  2, 
1628,  died  Oct.  24,  1715).  He  was  minister 
of  Renfrew.  He  married,  first,  Aug.  30,  1654, 
Elizabeth  Hay(  born-.  .  .,  died  March  31, 
1662),  and  had  issue  : — 

1.  Agnes  Simson  (born  March  25,  1662, 
died  1723).  She  married  John  Simson,  a 
merchant  in  Glasgow.  He  was  son  of 
Robert  Simson  (notary  in  Kilbride,  and 
first  of  Kirktonhall,  Ayrshire)  by  Marion 
Wilson,  his  wife,  and  had  issue  : — 

i.  Thomas  Simson,  M.D.,  first  occupant 
of  the  Chair  of  Medicine,  St.  Andrews 
University.  He  was  born  in  1696,  and 
married,  Jan.  20,  1724,  Margaret,  dau.  of 
Sir  John  Preston  of  Preston  Hall.  He  died 
March  30,  1764,  leaving  issue  : — 

a.  Preston  Simson  (born  Dec.  5,  1728, 
died  on  her  birthday,  1815).  She  was 
married  Sept.  11,  1749,  to  Walter  Wilson, 
Professor  of  Greek  in  St.  Andrews  Univer- 
sity. A  mural  monument  of  this  family  is 
in  St.  Rule's  Chapel,  St.  Andrews  ;  his 
portrait  is  in  the  University.  Issue  :  Walter, 
Lt.-Col.  ;  Thomas,  Lt.-Col.  ;  and  James, 
Major— all  in  the  H.E.I.C.S. 

6.  Robert  Simson,  M.D.,  of  Coventry 
(born  1731,  died  Dec.  17,  1817).  He 
married,  Sept.  17,  1761,  his  cousin,  Ann 
Simson  (born  Jan.  23,  1744,  died  November, 
1819),  dau.  of  the  Rev.  Patrick  Simson, 
A.M.,  of  Coventry,  and  had  issue  :  Patrick 
Simson,  a  surgeon  in  Fillongley,  and 
Robert  Simson,  LL.B.  (bom  1763,  died 
May  16,  1846),  for  fifty-three  years  vicar  of 
St.  Michael's,  Coventry^.  The  latter  married 
Jane  Tandy. 

c.  Agnes  Simson  (born  1733,  died  1780), 
married  to  Rev.  David  Craigie  (born  1721, 
died  1757)  of    St.  Andrews.     His  portrait  is 
in  the  University. 

d.  James  Simson,  M.D.   (born  March  2U 


12  S    X.  JUNE  10,  1922.]          NOTES     AND     QUERIES. 


447 


1740,  died  Aug.  30,  1770),  succeeded  his 
father  in  the  Chair  of  Medicine  at  St. 
Andrews  'University. 

ii.  Robert  Simson,  M.D.,  of  Kirtonhall  ; 
Professor  of  Mathematics,  Glasgow  Uni- 
versity;  died  Oct.  1,  1768. 

iii.  Rev.  Patrick  Simson,  A.M.,  pastor  of 
Vicar  Lane  Independent  Chapel,  Coventry, 
forty-eight  years,  from  1725.  He  married, 
Sept.  17,  1738,  Jane  Magdalen  Crichlowe, 
and  had  issue  Ann,  who  married  her  cousin, 
Robert  Simson,  M.D. 

iv.  William  Sims  on,  master  mariner. 

v.  Matthew  Simson  (born  1699,  died 
Nov.  20,  1769),  a  merchant  in  Glasgow. 
He  married,  1724,  Marion  Prentice  (born 
1700,  died  1760),  and  had  issue  : — 

a.  Marion   Simson,   who  was  married  to 
Michael   Erskine,    a   merchant   in   Glasgow, 
and  had  issue  :  Marion  Erskine,  who  married 
James  Taylor,  merchant  in  Glasgow. 

b.  William  Simson,  mariner,  went  to  the 
West  Indies  in  1770. 

c.  John  Simson,  a  merchant  in  St.  Vincent, 
West  Indies. 

vi.  John  Simson,  WTriter  to  the  Signet 
in  Edinburgh.  He  married,  Sept.  8,  1731, 
Agnes  Prentice,  and  had  issue : — • 

a.  John  Simson  of  Hill  (born  May  16, 
1735,  died  Nov.  17,  1827).  He  married, 
April  17,  1767,  Catherine,  dau.  of  Robert 
Fleming  of  Easter  Balloch,  and  had  issue  : — 

a.  Robert  Simson  of-  Hill  (born  Feb.  9, 
1776,  died  1867),  married,  June  4,  1802, 
Mary  Glover,  and  had  issue  : — 

al.  Agnes  Simson  (born  1808,  died  .  .  .), 
who  married  Thomas  Frew,  and  had  issue 
Mary  Glover  Frew,  married  to  Peter  Walker 
of  New  Zealand. 

a  2.  James  Simson  of  Calton,  Glasgow 
(born  Nov.  26,  1815,  died  Sept.  27,  1858), 
married,  June  20,  1843,  Mary  Russell  (born 
1827,  died  1873),  and  had  issue. 

&.  Annabella  Simson  (born  May  16,  1738, 
died  .  .  .),  married  to  William  Gillies  of 
St.  Ninians,  and  had  issue  a  son,  James 
Gillies. 

c.  Robert  Simson  (born  July  4,  1740, 
died  Nov.  4,  1794),  married,  April  19,  1779, 
Mary  Lawson  (born  March  22,  1754,  died 
April  22,  1787),  and  had  issue  : — 

a.  Robert  Simson  (born  March  14,  1785, 
died  April  12,  1844),  K.H.,  Lieut.-Col.  43rd 
L. L,  Town  and  Fort  Major  of  Hull. 

£.  Margaret  Simson  (born  March  5,  1783, 
died  Oct.  6,  1828).  She  married,  March  1, 
1802,  Rev.  Matthew  Graham,  M.A.  (born 


Jan.  21,  1776,  died  March  4,  1845),  of 
Calton,  Glasgow,  and  had  issue. 

The  Rev.  Patrick  Simson  married, 
secondly,  June  30,  1664,  Janet  Peadie  (born 
May,  1635,  died  Sept.  19,  1714),  and  by  her 
had  issue.  JAMES  SETON- ANDERSON. 

39,  Carlisle  Road,  Hove,  Sussex. 


MONUMENTAL       INSCRIPTIONS        IN 

BEDFORD    CHURCHES,    CHAPELS 

AND  BURIAL-GROUNDS. 

ST.  PETER  DE  MERTON. 
(See  ante,  pp.  325,  365,  405.) 

70.  Sins.  s.e.  from  69  on  a  m.u.s.  ;  w.f.w.,  much 
sunk  in  ground.  Sacred  to  the  memory  of 
Francis  Moody,  son  of  James  and  Mary  Moody. 
He  died  September  26th,  1850,  aged  1  year  and 
10  months. 

Foot-stone.     F.  M.,*  1850. 

71.  1ft.    s.    from    70    on    a    s.u.s.  ;  w.f.w.     In 
memory  of  Sarah,  the  wife  of  William  Nottingham, 
who  died  March  20,   1803,  aged  38  years. 

72.  2£yds.  s.w.  from  71  on  a  t.u.s.  ;  w.f.w.     In 
memory    of    Mary  Willis,  t    the    wife    of    Joseph 
Willis,  daughter  of  George  Palmer  Gen  .  .  .  ,  of 
Goldington  Heath,  near  Bedford,  who  died  March 
the  5. .,  1844,  aged  8(5  ?)  years. 

Two  lines  of  verse  or  text  perished. 

73.  Close  to  72,  n.  from  it  on  a  t.u.s.;  w.f.w. 
In  memory  of  Joseph    Willis,    for    many  years 
member    of    the    ancient     Corporation    of    this 
Borough,  having  several  times  served  the  Office 
of  Bailiff,  who  died  March  the  1,   1837,  aged  72 
years. 

Two  lines  of  verse  or  text  perished. 

74.  Close  to  73,  n.  from  it  on  a  m.u.s.  ;  w.f.w. 
In  memory  of  Mary,  the  wife  of  Joseph  Willis, 
who  died  Deer.  12,  1802,  aged  71  years. 

"  Oh  !  cruel  death  that  separated  here 
A  loving  Mother  from  her  Children  dear, 
Who  was  a  tender  Mother  in  her  lif e 
And  to  her  Husband  was  a  tender  Wife. 
Since  she  is  gone  we  hope  her  soul  is  flown 
To  take  Possession  of  a  glorious  Throne." 

75.  Close  to  74,  n.  from  it  on  a  m.u.s.  ;  w.f.w. 
In  memory  of  Joseph  Willis   of   Brickhill   House 
in  this  Parish,  who  died  Sept.   7,   1796,  aged  71 
years. 

"  Let  Resignation  soothe  the  troubled  Breast : 
Being   well  assured  what  Heaven  appoints  is 
best." 

76.  Close  to  75,  n.  from  it  on  a  m.u.s.  ;  w.f.w- 
In   memory    of   Mary   Ann   Willis,    daughter   of 
Joseph    &   Mary    Willis,    who    died     August    24, 
1801,  aged  2  years  &  6  months.     Also  their  son, 
died    in    his    infancy.     Also    of    Emery    Palmer 
MiUward,  daughter  of  Joseph  &  Mary  Willis,  who 
died   February    26,    1842,    aged    40   years.     Also 


*  1850.  Moody,  Francis,  Bedford,  October  1, 
1850:  1J  yrs.  Philip  Hunt,  Rector. 

t  1844.  Mary  Willis,  St.  Paul's,  March  llth;  84. 
G.  A.  Burnaby,  Rector. 


448 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [12  a  x.  JUNE  10, 


of  her  daughter,  Margaret  Emily,  who  died 
September  26,  1842,  aged  11  months,  and  of  a 
daughter  who  died  in  her  infancy. 

77.  Close  to  76,  n.  from  it  on  a  m.u.s.  ;   w.f.w. 
To  the  memory  of  Francis  Moody,  who  was  more 
than  thirty  years   Clerk  of  this  Parish.     He  was 
born  October  28,  1758,  died  October  6,  1833. 

"  Prepare  to  meet  thy  God." 

78.  Close  to  77,  n.  from  it  on  a  m.u.s.  ;    w.f.w. 
In  memory  of  Frances,  wife  of  Francis  Moody, 
who  departed  this  life  May    17th,    1824,  in    the 
65th  year  of  her  age. 

•'  There  I  was  in  Labour  without  Rest, 
Here  I  am  in  Best  without  Labour." 

79.  Close  to  78,  n.  from  it  on  a  m.u.s.  ;  w.f.w. 
a  reddish-brown  stone  of  a  very  perishable  nature, 
all  wording  peeled  off. 

80.  l^yd.  n.  from  79  on  a  m.u.s.  ;     w.f.w.     In 
memory    of    Catherine    Whitehouse,    who    died 
Novr.    21st,    1834,  aged   68  years. 

81.  Hyd.    n.    from    80    on    a   m.u.s.  ;       w.f.w. 
Sacred    to    the    memory    of    the    Revd.    Thomas 
Clementson,  who  departed  this  life  on  the   17th 
of   April,    1829,    aged    74    years.     Also    of    Mary 
Clementson,*  relict  of  the  above,  who  died  October 
14th,  18(5?) 2,  aged  82  years. 

82.  On  west  side  of  path  leading  from  south- 
east entrance  to  south  door  of  chancel.     On  a 
m.u.s.  ;   w.f.e.     In    memory    of    Jenny    Johnson, 
relict  of  the  late  Isaac  Johnson,  Barrister  at  Law, 
of  Lincoln's  Inn,  London,  died  March  18th,    1841. 
aged  83.      Also  of  John  Sugars,t   brother  of  the 
above,  died  February  17th,  1844,  aged  85. 

83.  Sins.  s.  from  82  on  a  m.u.s.  ;  w.f.e.,  partly 
sunk  in  ground.     To  the  memory  of  Mrs.  Elizth. 
Sugars,   wife  of  John  Sugars,   who  resigned  her 
soul  to  the  will  of  her  Maker  on  the    thirty-first 
day  of  January,  1803,  aged  seventy-five  years. 

84.  Close  to  83,  s.  from  it  on  a  m.u.s  ;  w.f.e., 
much    sunk    in    ground.     In    memory    of    John 
Sugars,  who  departed  this  life   March    24,    1823, 
aged  65  years. 

85.  lyd.    s.    from    84   on   a   t.u.s.  ;     w.f.e.     In 
memory  of  Mary  Ann,  the  wife  of  Thomas  Riley, 
of   this    parish,    who    died    llth   January,    1854, 
aged  48  years. 

86.  If  yd.  s.  from    85  on  a  t.u.s.  ;    w.f.e.      In 
memory  of  Elizabeth,  J  the  daughter  of  John  & 
Edith  Sugars.     .  he  departed  this  .  ife,  September 
.   .  .  ,  aged  22  years. 

"  Dear  Friends 
To  sleep  .  .  . 
But  at  the  Judgme  .  .  ." 

/  87.  3ins.  s.  from  86  on  a  m'.u.s.  ;  w.f.e.  In 
memory  of  Elizabeth,§  the  wife  of  John  Sugars. 
She  departed  this  life  May  the  9th,  1755,  in  the 
.9th  year  of  her  .ge. 

88.   2ins.   s.   from   87   on  a  m.u.s.  ;    w.f.e.     In 
memory  of  Richard,  the  son  of  John  &   Edith 


*  1852.  Mary  Clementson,  St.  Peter's,  October 
18;  83  yrs.  G.  A.  Burnaby,  Rector. 

t  1844.  No.  477,  John  Sugars,  St.  Paul's, 
Feby.  the  21;  85.  G.  A.  Burnaby,  Rector. 
[There  was  a  John  Sugars  churchwarden  of 
St.  Peter's  from  1744  to  1750.] 

%  1742.  Buried,  Eliz.,  daur.  of  John  Sugars  & 
Edith  his  wife,  Sepr.  13. 

§  1755.  Buried,  May  llth,  Elisabeth,  wife  of 
John  Sugars  (farmer). 


Sugars.     He  dep.  this  life  Decemr.  ye  1736,  aged 

22  years. 

"  All  you  that  come  my  grave  to  see, 
As  I  am  now  so  must  you  be ; 
Therefore  prepare  without  delay, 
I  in  my  prime  was  snacht  away." 

89.  8ins.    s.    from    88  on  a  m.u.  and  wide   s.  ; 
w.f.e.,  nearly  all  crumbled  awav.     In  memory  of 
To  ...  S  ... 

On  foot-s.   close  to  n.s.   of  it.      John  Sugars,* 
1751. 

90.  Close  to  foot-stone  of  89,  s.  from  it,  on  a 
s.u.s.  ;   w.f.e.,  a  portion  of  the  stone  broken  off. 
In  memory  of  Ruth,  ye  daughter  of  John  and 
Edeth,     ..ga..,    she    depad.     this  .  .  .  .,    aged 
(9?)  .   .  . 

91.  Close  to  88,  s.  from  it  on  a  m.u.s.  ;  w.f.e. 
In  memory  of  Mary  Sugars, t  who  died  May  25, 
1788,  aged  2(6  ?)  years.     Verse  of  four  lines  almost 
all  illegible. 

92.  Close  to   91,  s.  from  it  on  a  s.u.s.  ;  w.f.e. 
In  memory  of  Edward  Allison, %  who  died  June  10, 
18(1  ?)4,  aged  68  years. 

93.  Close  to  92,  s.  from  it  on  a  m.u.s.  ;    w.f.e., 
nearly    all    crumbled    away;    this    has    at    some 
previous  time  been  recut.    In  . .  mory  of  A  .   .  .  n,§ 
d  .  .   .  .817,  a  ...   6. 

94.  Close    to    93  on  a    s.u.s.  ;    w.f.e.       H  .  .  . 
body    of    Ed  .  .  .  es,||    who    departed   this    . .  fe 
October  the  2(4?),   17(26?),  in  the    6  yea.  of  his 
age. 

95.  l£yd'.    s.  from    94   on   a   t.u.s.  ;   w.f.e.,  has 
been  broken  in  half  across  centre  and  from  centre 
and  top  to   centre  in  middle  it  has  been  fixed 
together   with   two    iron   clasps.     Sacred   to   the 
memory  of   George  Hasleham,  Esq.,^|  Captain  of 
the    5th    Royal    Veteran    Battalion    and    fourth 
son   of  the   late   Revd.    E.    Hasleham,   of   York- 
shire,  who   departed   this   life   on   the    28th   day 
of  May,  182(5?),  in  the  60  year  of  his  age,  after 
having   faithfully   devoted   upwards  of   40   years 
in  the  service  of  his  King  and  Country. 

96.  2|yds.   n.w.   from   95  on  a  m.u.s,  ;     w.f.e. 
In   memory    of    Sarah,    daughter    of    William    & 
Mary   Brown,   who   departed   this   life   February 
19th,  1853,  in  her  60th  year. 

97.  Sins.   n.   from.  96  on  a  m.u.s.  ;    w.f.e.     In 
memory  of  Edward  Joseph,  son  of  Charles  and 
Amelia   Brown,    who    departed   this   life   on   the 
6th  day  of  June,    1839,  in  the   13th  year  of  his 
age. 

"  Surrounding  waters  stopp'd  thy  breath 
(O  heartfelt  grief — too  big  for  tears), 
On  thee,  dear  child,  came  sudden  death, 
Just  in  the  life's  most  blooming  years." 


*  1751.  Nov.  11,  buried,  John  Sugar  of  ye  Bury 
Farm. 

t  Not  in  register.  Bottom  portion  of  page  in 
register  has  been  cut  away. 

J  1814.  Alison,  Edward,  St.  Mary's,  Bedford, 
June  12,  1814,  67  yrs.  Philip  Hunt,  Rector. 

§  1817.  Allison,  Hannah,  St.  Peter's,  Bedford, 
December  21st,  1817,  66  yrs.  Philip  Hunt, 
Rector. 

||  1726.  Edward  Marks,  tailor,  was  burd.  the 
24th  day  of  Octobr.,  attested  by  Susanna  Garret 
before  Mr.  David  Ovray. 

f  1825.  135,  Hasleham,  George,  Captain  in  5th 
R.V.B.  St.  John's,  Bedford,  June  3rd,  1825; 
63  yrs.  Philip  Hunt,  Rector. 


128.   X.  JI.-XE  10,   1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


449 


98.  Close  to  97,  n.  from  it  on  a  m.u.s.  ;  w.f.e. 
Sacred  to  the  memory  of  Charles  Brown,   who 
departed  this  life  on  the   6th  of  August.    1844, 
aged  53  years. 

99.  Close  to  98,  n.  from  it  on  a  s.u.s.  ;  w.f.e. 
In    memory   of    William    Brown,    who    departed 
this  life  on  the  13th  of  February,  1847,  aged  84 
years. 

100.  Close  to  99,  n.  from  it  on  a  m.u.s.  ;    w.f.e. 
In  memory  of  Mary,  the  wife  of  William  Brown, 
who  died  April  3,  1801,  in  the  37  year  of  her  age. 

"  Death  is  grievous  and  would  not  spare 
A  loving  wife,  a 'mother  dear. 
No  doubt  but  she  is  blest  above, 
Where  happy  souls  do  nought  but  love." 

Also  five  children  who  died  in  their  infancy. 

101.  Close  to  100,  n.  from  is  on  a  s.u.s.  ;  w.f.e. 
To  the  memory  of  Sarah  Maria  Brown,  daughter 
of  Joseph  &  Susannah  Brown,  who  departed  this 
life  February  2nd,  1822,  aged  one  year. 

L.  H.  CHAMBERS. 
(To  be  continued.) 


JULIAN  BOWER. — In  an  account  of  the 
rebellion  in  Lincolnshire  against  Henry  VIII. 
in  1536  it  is  stated  that  the  rebels  mustered 
at  Julian  Bower  near  Louth  (Letters  and 
Papers  of  Henry  VIII.,  xi.  971),  and  on 
Speed's  map  of  Lincolnshire,  1610,  Julian 
Bower  is  marked  close  to  Louth.  In 
reading  this  account  the  odd  and  pretty 
name  of  "  Julian  Bower  "  fixed  itself  in  my 
mind,  and  recurred  to  me  when  I  read  the 
following  passage  in  '  Yews,'  by  A.  B.  Cooke, 
i.,  p.  472  et  seq.  : — 

In  Great  Britain  mosaic  mazes  are  exceptional 
and  late,  but  turf-cut  mazes  fairly  common  and 
early.  They  are  mostly  situated  close  to  a  church 
or  chapel,  so  that  not  impossibly  they  served  a 
penitential  purpose.  .  .  .  Aubrey  states  that 
before  the  Civil  War  there  were  many  mazes  in 
England,  and  that  the  young  people  used  on 
festivals  to  dance  upon  them,  or,  as  the  term  was, 
to  tread  them.  Stukeley,  in  1724,  writes:  "  The 
lovers  of  antiquity,  especially  of  the  inferior  class, 
always  speak  of  'em  with  great  pleasure,  and  as 
if  there  were  something  extraordinary  in  the 
thing,  though  they  cannot  tell  what.  .  . 
Antiquaries,  monkish  or  otherwise,  appear  to 
have  assumed  the  Roman  lineage  of  these  mazes, 
for  in  England  they  are  commonly  called  "  Troy 
town.".  .  .  Another  name  for  them  is  Julian's 
Bower.  ...  It  would  seem,  then,  that  in  Great 
Britain,  Scandinavia,  the  north-east  of  Russia 
and  Iceland  rough  mazes  of  unknown  antiquity 
exist,  which  conform  to  the  same  general  pattern 
as  that  of  the  Cretan  Labyrinth.  The  first  to 
grasp  the  full  significance  of  this  curious  fact  was 
Dr.  Krause.  .  .  .  He  endeavoured  to  show 
that  the  maze  of  the  countryside  was  no  imitation 
of  the  classical  labyrinth,  but  that  rather  the 
classical  labyrinth  was  an  imitation  of  it.  Maze 
and  labyrinth  alike  were  survivals  of  a  remote 
past  and  were  originally  used  for  the  purpose  of  a 
mimetic  solar  rite. 


Now  in  Dr.  G.  C.  Williamson's  most 
interesting  biography  of  "  Lady  Anne 
Clifford,"  recently  published  and  a  store- 
house of  information,  I  find  that  Roger., 
second  Lord  Clifford,  "  had  a  fair  mistress 
whom  he  lodged  in  a  house  which,  after  her 
name,  was  called  '  Julian's  Bower,'  or 
probably  more  accurately  '  Gillian's  Bower '." 
Roger,  Lord  Clifford,  "died  c.  1327.  To 
quote  Dr.  Williamson  further  : — 

In  Hodgson's  description  of  the  county  of  West- 
moreland, we  learn  that  it  was  a  little  house  hard 
by  Whinfell  Park,  the  foundations  of  which  were 
in  his  time  (1807)  still  visible,  but  he  tells  us  that 
in  the  time  of  Lady  Anne  Clifford  (1590-1676) 
the  house  .  .  .  was  a  spacious  and  interesting 
building.  ...  It  was  then,  clearly,  a  place  of 
some  importance  because  the  diary  (of  Lady  Anne) 
makes  many  references  to  it,  as  it  was  one  of  the 
sights  of  the  neighbourhood,  to  which  Lady 
Anne  sent  her  guests  (pp.  8-9). 

Nothing  is  said  about  a  maze,  but  it  will  be 
remembered  that  Henry  II. 's  fair  Rosamond 
of  the  maze  and  bower  was  also  supposed 
to  be  a  Clifford,  though  Dr.  Williamson  can 
find  no  authority  for  the  legend. 

M.  H.  DODDS. 

LITERARY  PARALLELS  AND  COINCIDENCES. 
— Among  the  numerous  illustrations  of  the 
above  title  cited  at  various  times  in  the 
columns  of  '  N.  &  Q.,'  the  following  two 
seem  to  have  escaped  notice  : — 

1.  Alexandre  Audryane,  a  young  French- 
man who  suffered  imprisonment  in  the 
Spielberg  along  with  Silvio  Pellico,  published, 
some  years  after  his  release,  two  volumes 
entitled  *  Souvenirs  de  Geneve  '  (1839).  In 
the  second  of  these  (ii.  290)  occurs  the 
following  remark  : — 

.  .  .  Un  homme  qui  apprecie  1'ange  aux  formes 
divines  que  le  ciel  lui  a  donne  pour  femme,  autaat 
a  peine  qu'un  de  ses  chevaux  de  course  ou  qu'un 
de  ses  limiers  favoris. 

In  1842,  Tennyson  (no  doubt  quite 
independently)  expresses  the  same  idea 
in  the  hackneyed  couplet  of  '  Locksley 
Hall,'  with  a  trifling  difference  in  order  of 
preference  : — 
He  will  hold  thee,  when  his  passion  shall  have 

spent  its  novel  force, 
Something  better  than  his  dog,  a  little  dearer  than 

his  horse. 

It  is  strange  to  find  once  more  the  same 
statement  and  the  same  comparison  given 
by  Emile  Augier  in  his  one-act  curtain-raiser, 
'  Le  Post-Scriptum,'  In  sc.  i.  Madame 
de  Verliere  impatiently  and  scornfully 
exclaims  : — 

Cette  humiliante  facon  d'aimer  qui  nous  met 


450 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[,2  a.  x. 


10.  »ss. 


au  rang  des  animaux  de   luxe,  un  peu  avant  les 
chiens  de  race  et  les  chevaux  de  sang. 
This  is  in  1869. 

These  coincidences  are  beyond  all  doubt 
what  Johnson  ('  Rambler,'  143)  termed 
*'  accidental  similitudes  "  ;  and  it  may  be 
added  that  they  do  not  obviously  belong 
to  the  "  common  stock  of  images  "  of 
cheap  rhetoric. 

2.  The  other  instance  touches  much 
deeper  issues,  and  suggests  interesting 
conjecture.  In  chap.  xiii.  of  '  Quentin  Dur- 
ward,'  Galeotti  Martivalle,  the  astrologer, 
expresses  to  Louis  XI.  misgivings  over 
the  new  invention  of  printing,  which  will 
tend  to  vulgarize  knowledge  and  reduce 
the  influence  of  the  mysterious  arts.  This 
comparatively  brief  and  casual  statement 
is  beyond  question  the  original  idea  out  of 
which  Victor  Hugo  developed  his  theory 
of  the  ultimate  victory  of  printing  over 
architecture  contained  in  the  superb  chapter 
of  '  Notre  Dame  de  Paris '  entitled  '  Ceci 
tuera  cela  '  (v.  2).  Note  the  correspondences. 
The  remarks  are  made  to  the  same  King 
of  France,  Louis  Onze.  Claude  Frollo, 
like  Martivalle,  is  one  of  the  learned  wonders 
of  the  age,  and  is  even  suspected  of  knowing 
more  than  is  good  for  him  ;  indeed,  the 
profound  conception  of  world-transformation 
through  the  printed  book  is  quite  beyond 
the  King's  grasp.  Psychologically  speaking, 
it  is  far  from  likely  that  any  ecclesiastic  of 
the  fifteenth  century  could  have  manifested 
such  preternatural  prescience.  That  the 
connexion  with  '  Quentin  '  Durward  '  is 
not  mere  conjecture  receives  confirmation 
through  Hugo's  early  essay,  '  Sur  Walter 
Scott  '  (1823)  which  is  written  on  that 
very  novel.  '  Notre  Dame '  appeared  eight 
years  later  (1831). 

We  now  turn  to  a  singular  coincidence. 
Exactly  twenty  years  later  (1851),  the  Hon. 
Eleanor  Stanley,  in  '  Twenty  Years  at 
Court,'  records  a  conversation  with  Macaulay 
on  the  subject  of  explorations  at  Nineveh : — 

Saying  that  in  those  days  people,  instead  of 
printing  a  book,  published  a  bridge  or  a  street  ; 
pamphlets  might  be  the  front  of  a  house  ;  indeed 
that  in  those  days  the  new  side  of  Buckingham 
Palace  ^  would  have  been  a  new  edition  with  the 
author's  latest  additions  and  improvements  (p. 

Hugo's  words  are  : — • 

Le  livre  de  pierre,  si  solide  et  si  durable,  allait 
faire  place  au  livre  de  papier,  plus  solide  et  plus 
durable  encore.  .  .  .  Ainsi,  jusqu'a  Gutenberg, 
1  architecture  est  1'ecriture  principale,  1'ecriture 
universelle. 

PAUL  T.  LAFLEUR. 
McGill  University,  Montreal. 


SPANISH  PROVERB,  "ANTES  MTJERTO  QUE 
MUTADO." — This  occurs  on  p.  40  of  Adrian 
d'Amboise's  '  Tiaicte  des  Devises'  (Paris, 
1620).  The  meaning  is  "  Dead  before 
changed,"  i.e.,  I  will  die  before  I  change 
my  mind. 

In  Izaak  Walton's  '  Life  of  Donne,'  he 
writes  : — 

I  have  seen  one  picture  of  him,  drawn  by  a 
curious  hand,  at  the  age  of  eighteen,  with  a 
sword  .  .  .  and  his  motto  then  was 

How  much  shall  I  be  changed, 
Before  I  am  changed  ? 

(Note.)  Antes  muerta  que  mudada.  (A 
Spanish  by -word.) 

If    Izaak    really    penned    this.    I    fear    his 
acquaintance  with  Spanish  was  limited. 

RICHARD  H.  THORNTON. 

Portland,  Oregon. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries 
in  order  that  answers  may  be  sent  to  them  direct. 


JANE  AUSTEN  :  REFERENCES  WANTED. — 
Can  anyone  give  the  references  for  the 
following  quotations  in  Jane  Austen  : — 

1.  '  Persuasion,'    chap.    xv. — The    elegant 
little  clock   on  the  mantelpiece   had   struck 
"  eleven  with  its  silver  sounds." 

2.  '  Northanger    Abbey,'    chap.    iv. — AVe 
are  told  to  "  despair  of  nothing  we  would 
attain,"  as  "  unwearied  diligence  our  point 
would  gain." 

3.  Ibid.,  chap.  xv. — The  old  song,  "  Going 
to  one  wedding  brings  on  another." 

4.  '  Letter?,'   May,    1813.— "  He  will   not 
be  come  to  bide."  R.  W.  CHAPMAN. 

THE  CAPON  TREE  IN  JEDWATER. — I  should 
feel  greatly  obliged  by  any  information 
which  can  be  given  regarding  this  interesting 
tree,  the  last  survivor  of  the  ancient  Jed 
Forest,  and  situated  on  the  right  bank  of 
the  river  Jed,  about  a  mile  from  Jedburgh, 
Roxburghshire.  The  origin  of  the  name 
is  unknown,  and  local  records  are  silent 
regarding  it.  It  is  believed  to  be  over  a 
thousand  years  old,  and  stands  in  a  field 
called  the  Prior's  Laugh. 

I  have  ascertained  that  in  former  times 
there  was  a  capon  tree  at  Brampton,  near 
Carlisle,  also  one  at  Alnwick  Castle,  Northum- 
berland, referred  to  in  Tate's  '  History  of 
Alnwick.'  "  Coban  "  and  "  covine  "  are 
variants  of  "  capon,"  which  some  think  is 


12  s.  x,  JUNK  io,  io22.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


451 


•derived  from  "  kepping,"  meaning  a  meet- 
ing or  trysting  place.     I  shall  be  very  glad 
to    have     the    views    of    some    readers    of  | 
*N.  &  Q.'     There    is    no    other  capon   tree; 
in  Scotland,  I  believe.         O.  HILSON,  J.P. 
Jedburgh. 

WYPERS. — SIR  RICHARD  TEMPLE'S  remark 
•(at  ante,  p.  172)  to  the  effect  that  "  W  ypers  " 
is  etymological  ly  correct  interests  me,  and  i 
will    others.     Will   he    explain   the   detail  ? 
I   know   that   where   an   old  pronunciation 
contradicts    a    spelling,    nine   times   in    ten  | 
the  former  is  right  and  the  latter  wrong, 
and  I  like  to  know  the  facts. 

FORREST  MORGAN. 

Hartford,  Conn. 

"  STONE-COAT." — In  Reynoldes's  '  Passions 
and  Faculties  of  the  Soul  of  Man  '  I  find 
these  lines,  which  are  a  translation  of  that 
passage  in  Book  III.  of  .the  Iliad  where 
Hector  rebukes  Paris  for  flying  from 
Menelaus  : — 

Trim  Warriour,  tell  me  what  thy  Lute  can  doe, 
What  Venus  Graces,  comely  hair,  sweet  hew, 
When  thou  shalt  \vallow  in  the  dust  ?    Th'  art 

far 
Fitter  to  weare  Stone-coat,  than  Coat  of  War. 

Reynoldes's  work  was  first  published  in  1640, 
but  I  quote  from  the  edition  of  1647,  p.  305. 

What  is  this  "  stone-coat "  ?  It  has 
been  overlooked  in  the  '  N.E.D.,'  usually  so 
•careful.  I  seem  to  have  read  that  "  stone- 
jacket  "  is  modern  slang  for  a  prison,  as 
"  stone-jug "  certainly  is.  Can  "  stone- 
coat  "  and  "  stone- jacket  "  be  brought 
together  ?  RICHARD  H.  THORNTON. 

Portland,  Oregon. 

HERALDIC. — Per  fesse  gules  and  vert 
three  hedgehogs  (boars  ?)  argent.  To  what 
.family  do  these  arms  belong  ?  They  are 
not  in  Papworth's  '  Ordinary.' 

F.  SYDNEY  EDEN. 

56,  Holland  Road.  Kensington,  W.I 4. 

'f   ROCHESTER  CHARTERS  :     "  WAVESON. "- 
White    Kennett,    in    his     1701    edition    of 
•Co well's    '  Interpreter,'    gives    a    quotation 
.(s.f.   "Waveson")  as  follows: — 

In  tantum  quod  omnes  gunitiones  [  =  punici- 
•ones],  correctiones,  deodanda,  Waveson,  Flotteson 
[  +  .Totteson]  Lagason  et  Wrecks  et  [v.r.  ac] 
Regalia  videlicet  [  +  omnes]  Magnas  places  captas, 
&c. 

'The  corrections  and  additions  are  from 
MS.  Lansd.  203,  If.  198,  a  volume  of  Elias 
.Ashmole's  transcripts  of  '  Deeds  and  Seals.' 
A  note  on  the  flyleaf  says  that  Ashmole's 


collection  of  deeds  was  destroyed  by  fire  in 
his  chambers.  Even  if  WThite  Kennett 
copied  from  the  original  deed,  he  was  as 
careless  as  Ashmole's  clerk,  who,  for  example, 
writes  previlia  for  privilegia. 

I  shall  be  glad  to  know  whether,  and 
where,  this  strange  document  has  been 
printed.  It  is  a  charter  of  Arthur  Planta- 
genet,  Earl  Lisle,  Lieutenant  and  -Vice- 
Admiral  of  Henry,  Duke  of  Richmond  and 
Somerset  and  Earl  of  Nottingham,  High 
Admiral  of  England,  WTales,  &c.,  and  is 
noted,  from  theLansdowneMS.,  in  '  Letters 
and  Papers  of  Henry  VIII.,'  IV.  ii.  (1872), 
1193. 

Is  it  the  charter  of  Henry  VIII.  men- 
tioned in  Brigstocke  Sheppard's  report  on 
Rochester  Municipal  Records  in  the  '  Ninth 
Report  of  the  Historical  MSS.  Commission,' 
I.  286-9  ?  This  seems  very  unlikely. 

Have  any  other  MSS.  there  reported  on 
been  printed  by  a  competent  scholar  ? 
Does  ''  waveson "  occur  in  any  earlier 
charter  ?  Q.  V. 

MAJOR  WILLIAM  MURRAY. — Could  any 
reader  give  me  any  biographical  details 
about  Major  William  Murray,  formerly 
10th  Hussars,  who,  in  1861,  acquired  great 
notoriety  in  connexion  with  the  affair  known 
as  the  Northumberland  Street  tragedy  ?  I 
am  especially  anxious  to  learn  whether  he 
married,  and  when  and  where  lie  died. 

JOHN  HALL. 

[Some  correspondence  on  the  Northumberland 
Street  affair  will  be  found  at  12  S.  ix.  359, 
396.] 

LONDON  COMMERCIAL  SCHOOLS  IN  THE 
EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY. — Can  any  reader 
tell  me  where  to  obtain  information  regarding 
such  establishments  ?  I  do  not  refer  to 
public  schools  in  London,  but  to  those 
where  boys  of  the  middle  class,  sons  of  City 
freemen,  would  be  sent,  provided  that  they 
were  not  scholars  at  Christ's  Hospital, 
St.  Paul's,  Merchant  Taylors'  or  Charter- 
house Schools.  Is  there  any  history  of 
such  minor  establishments  and  lists  of  boys 
who  attended  them  in  the  early  eighteenth 
century  ?  BERNARD  P.  SCATTERGOOD. 

COLONEL  RICHARD  ELTON,  author  of 
'  The  Compleat  Body  of  the  Art  Military.' 
Can  anyone  tell  me  (1)  the  connexion 
between  the  above  and  the  family  of 
Hotham  ;  (2)  the  names  of  Colonel  Elton's 
children ;  (3)  where  he  is  buried ;  (4) 
whether  his  widow  married  again  ?  D.  P. 


452 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [12  s.  X.JUNE  10, 1922. 


"  ST.  FRAUNCES  FIRE." — Spenser,  in  the 
first  book  of  the  '  Faerie  Queene  '  (canto  4), 
enumerating  the  ills  that  rise  from  wrath,  has 
the  line  : — 

The  shaking  Palsey  and  St.  Fraunces  fire. 

St.   Francis's  fire  is  supposed  to  be  ery- 
sipelas.    What  has  St.   Francis  to  do  with 
erysipelas,   and  which  St.   Francis  is  it  ? 
T.  PERCY  ARMSTRONG. 

Authors'  Club,  Whitehall,  S.W. 

THE  ADVENTURES  OF  A  COIN. — Can  any 
reader  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  furnish  information  con- 
cerning the  beginnings  of  literature  in  which 
the  adventures  of  a  coin  are  related  ?  Sir 
Walter  Raleigh,  in  '  The  English  Novel,' 
states  that  it  is  probably  as  old  as  fiction 
itself.  The  first  work  of  the  kind  of  which 
I  possess  any  knowledge  is  Samuel  Isarn's 
'  La  Pistole  Parlante,  ou  Les  Metamorphoses 
d'un  Louis  d'Or '  (1660/1),  dedicated  to 
Mile,  de  Scudery.  In  more  respects  than 
one  this  sketch  is  extremely  original. 
After  being  well  known,  it  ceased  to  be 
mentioned  ;  'so  much  so  that  Grimm,  in  his 
'  Correspondance,'  loosely  attributes  it  to 
Pellisson,  a  mistake  corrected  by  Etienne  de 
Jouy  in  one  of  the  earliest  issues  of  Le 
Spectateur  Franqais  ('  L'Hermite  de  la 
Chaussee-d'Antin,'  1812). 

PAUL  T.  LAFLEUR. 

Me  Gill  University,  Montreal. 

PEDIGREE  OF  CATHERINE  PLAISTOW, 
DUBLIN. — Can  some  reader  give  me  any 
information  on  the  pedigree  of  Catherine 
Plaistow  (born  1730,  Dublin  ;  died  London, 
1803  ;  buried  Chelsea  Hospital  burial- 
ground),  who  came  over  from  Ireland  with 
the  celebrated  Gunning  family  and  was  the 
third  fashionable  Grace  of  those  days  ? 
She  married  General  Cyrus  Trapaud  at  St. 
Werburgh's,  Dublin,  Dec.  21,  1751. 

She  is  described  in  Frances  Gerard's 
book  on  '  Irish  Beauties  '  as  the  daughter 
of  General  Plaistow  and  of  Dutch  extraction. 
Who  was  her  mother  ?  What  was  their  coat 
of  arms  ?  I  do  not  think  they  were  related 
to  the  Plaistows  of  The  Lee,  Bucks.  Her 
sister,  who  died  in  1810,  was  the  wife  of 
Vice-Admiral  Henry  Savage.  Her  brother, 
Lieut. -General  Richard  Plaistow  of  Dublin 
(will  proved  Feb.  18,  1791),  married  a  French 
Huguenot,  Mary  Anne  Victoria  de  Chabot, 
Marquise  de  Saint-Maurice  in  her  own  right 
(so  I  understand).  Their  only  son,  Francis 
Plaistow,  barrister-at-law,  Gray's  Inn, 
married  General  Cyrus  Trapaud' s  niece, 


Maria  Theresa,  in  1800.  At  the  death  of 
their  uncle  and  aunt  they  inherited  the 
name  and  arms  of  Trapaud.  These  are 
ancestors  of  mine. 

From  The  Annual  Register  (1803,  2119b, 
June  2)  :— 

In  Welbeck  Street,  Cavendish  Square,  aged 
73,  Mrs.  Catherine  Trapaud,  relict  of  the  late 
General  Cyrus  Trapaud,  who  died  May  3,  1801, 
and  aunt  to  the  late  Duke  of  Bridgewater  [Lord 
Francis  Egerton,  who  died  early  in  1803]. 

I  have  been  unable  to  trace  this  relation- 
ship so  far.  I  shall  be  very  grateful  for 
any  further  details  of  this  pedigree. 

IANTHE  A.  M.  T.  GILLMAN. 

"  No  LESS  "  AND  "  No  FEWER." — May  I  ask 
the  opinion  of  correspondents  of  '  N.  &  Q.' 
as  to  the  use  of  "  no  less"  with  expressions 
denoting  a  number  of  individual  persons 
or  objects.  It  is  to  be  found  everywhere, 
in  the  writing  even  of  critics  and  fastidious 
persons.  "  No  less  than  five  examples," 
"no  less  than  three  chapters,"  "no  less 
than  four  engines  " — such  phrases  do  not 
now  seem  to  raise  any  question.  But  a 
punctilious  sub-editor  who  presided  over 
me  in  my  .early  days  would  never  pass 
anything  of  the  kind ;  he  would  sternly 
request  the  writer's  permission  to  turn 
"  no  less  "  into  "  no  fewer  " — restricting 
"  no  less  "  to  expressions  of  quantity.  Is 
the  distinction  to  be  regarded  as  virtually 
obsolete  ?  And,  if  so,  is  this  not  rather  to 
be  regretted  ?  R.  R.  E. 

TUPPER'S  POEMS  ON  "  CHINESE  "  GORDON. 
— Tupper,  writing  in  1884  to  Dr.  Birkbeck 
Hill,  who  refers  to  the  fact  in  his  '  Talks  about 
Autographs'  (1896,  p.  134),  speaks  about 
various  poems  he  had  written  on  Gordon 
in  The  Globe,  Morning  Post,  &c.  What 
were  the  "  &c.,"  and  when  did  the  poems 
appear  in  the  papers  mentioned  ? 

J.  M.  BULLOCH. 

£7,  Bedford  Square. 

THE  Boss  OF  BILLINGSGATE.— One  of  the 
definitions  of  the  meaning  of  the  word 
"  Boss  "  given  in  the  '  N.E.D.'  (after  Bailey 
in  1731)  is  "a  water  conduit  running  out 
of  a  gore -bellied  figure  "  :  chiefly  in  the  case 
of  the  "  Boss  of  Billingsgate."  The  "  Bosse 
of  Byllingesgate  "  figures  in  the  title  of  a 
book'  published  (c.  1520)  by  Wynkyn  de 
Worde  ;  the  "  bosse  of  byllijngate  waxythe 
.  .  .  merye  "  in  one  of  Furnivall's 
'  Ballads  from  MSS.'  ;  and  Ho  well  (in 
1657)  tells  us  that  "  Bosse  Alley  [was]  so 
called  of  a  Bosse  of  Spring  water."  The- 


12  s.  x.  JUNE  10,  1922.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


453 


late  Mr.  Henry  B.  Wheatley,  in  his  '  London 
Past  and  Present,'  quotes  Stow  to  the  effect 
that  some  other  "  Bosse  Alley  [was]  so  called 
of  a  bosse  of  water,  like  unto  that  of  Billings- 
gate,   there    placed    by    the    executors    of 
Richard     Whittington. "     On     some     plans 
preserved  in  the   City  Surveyor's  office  at  | 
the  Guildhall,  Boss  Alley  is  shown  on  the  j 
west  side  of  the  Old  Coal  Exchange  (since ! 
demolished)     on   the   north   side   of   Lower  j 
Thames--  Street,   with  a   block   of  buildings  < 
between  the  alley  and  St.  Mary's  Hill,  the ' 
southern  end  of  which  was  opposite  Billings- 
gate Dock.     What  else  is  known  about  the 
history    of    this    figure    w^th    a    protruding 
abdomen  ?  L.  L.  K. 

'  THE  BRITISH  AND  FOREIGN  REVIEW.'— 
I   shall  feel   obliged  for  information   as   to 
when  this  reputable  quarterly  was  started 
and  ceased  to  appear,  and  also  as  to  who 
edited  it.  ANEURIN  WILLIAMS. 

Meuai  View,  North  Road,  Carnarvon. 

JAMES  BORDIEU,  OR  BOUKDIEU,  was 
admitted  to  Westminster  School  in  Septem- 
ber, 1728,  aged  13.  Particulars  of  his  parent- 
age and  career  are  desired.  G.  F.  R.  B. 

WASHINGTON. — In  Heath's  '  Dorset,'  p.  50,  j 
it  is  stated  : — 

The  progenitors  of  some  very  distinguished 
American  families  resided  in  Dorset.  The 
Washingtons,  the  ancestors  of  the  American 
Veridious,  are  said  to  have  once  lived  at  Cerne 
Abbas. 

Now,  there  was  a  certain  Thos.  Washington 
of  Cerne  Abbas,  who  died  in  1724,  but  he 
certainly  was  riot  a  direct  ancestor  of 
George  Washington,  though  he  may  have 
been  of  the  same  family.  In  August,  1716, 
deposing  in  a  Chancery  suit  (Chanc.  Proc. 
1714-58,  890/4,  Jolliffe  v.  Madgwick),  he 
gives  his  age  as  "  eighty  or  thereabouts," 
which  would  make  his  birth  about  1636. 
He  married  Mary  Randall  Jan.  4,  1676/7,  at 
Cerne  Abbas.  His  will  (dated  Jan,  1,  1723/4, 
proved  Aug.  27,  1724  ;  P.C.C.  201,  Bolton) 
throws  no  light  on  his  ancestry.  His 
descendants  believed  that  he  came  from 
Ireland  to  Dorset.  Can  anyone  place 
Thomas  in  the  Washington  pedigree  ?  He 
has  left  no  descendants  in  the  male  line,  his 
only  son  dying  s.p.  T.  C.  DALE. 

WEDDING-RING  :  CHANGE  OF  HAND. — 
Cranmer  is  said  to  have  changed  the  ring- 
finger  in  the  marriage  service  from  the 
right  to  the  left  hand.  Why  was  this  done, 
and  when  ?  R.  C.  HOPE. 


GRAZIA  DELEDDA. — I  should  be  grateful 
for  biographical  information  concerning  this 
admirable  writer  of  novels  on  Sardinia,  and 
for  references  to  reviews  of  her  work  in 
English,  French,  German  and  (especially) 
Italian  periodicals.  '  La  Madre  '  has  recently 
been  done  into  English.  Have  others  been 
translated  and,  if  so,  into  what  languages  ? 

O.  Y. 

GRANTEE  OF  ARMS  WANTED. — On  Jan.  24, 
48  Victoria,  Garter  Woods  and  Clarenceux 

Blount  granted  to  W F •  of  G — — ,. 

Co.  Berks,  son  of  S F ,  the  following 

arms :  Per  chevron  dovetailed  gules  and 
argent,  in  chief  two  lions'  heads  erased  of 
the  last  and  in  base  a  salamander  in  flames 
proper  ;  and  for  the  crest,  Upon  a  mount 
vert  an  antelope  argent,  seme  of  estoiles 
sable,  armed  and  unguled  or,  resting  th& 
dexter  forefoot  upon  a  fountain  proper. 

Can  anyone  kindly  complete  the  blanks  ? 

Walsall/  S.  A.  GBUNDY  NEWMAN. 

BYERLEY.—  A  Byerley  pedigree  in 
Nichols's  '  History  of  Leicester  '  is  headed 
'  Byerley  of  Byerley  in  Com.  Ebor.' 

Could  any  reader  kindly  inform  me  if 
Bierley  Hall,  near  Bradford,  Yorkshire,  is 
the  original  home  of  this  family,  which 
spread  to  Pickhill,  Yorks,  Middridge  Grange. 
Durham,  Leicester,  London,  and  the  Isle 
of  Wight,  where  there  is  also,  near  Niton,, 
a  hamlet  called  Bierley  ?  I  have  seen  most 
of  these  pedigrees,  but  am  trying  to  discover 
their  earliest 'seat.  H.  HOPPS. 

AUTHOR  WANTED. — Can  any  reader  complete 
the  quotation  : — 
"  But  this  I  know — 

From  .   .   .  and  first  beginning 
There's  nothing  worth  the  pain  of  winning 
Save  laughter  and  the  love  of  friends  "  ; 
and  tell  me  who  wrote*  it  and    where  it  may  be 
found  ?  J-  T.  WILLIAMS. 

REFERENCE  WANTED. — The  author  of  a  book 
on  modern  Spain,  published  probably  1908- 
1915,  tells  of  meeting  with  a  priest  holding  some 
such  position  as  that  of  university  professor  or 
rector  of  a  college,  who  made  no  secret  of  keeping 
a  concubine,  and  who  said  (of  himself  and  the 
like)  :  "  We  always  go  to  Confession  before  we 
say  Mass."  The  author  expresses  inability  to 
see  how  Confession  without  purpose  of  amendment 
can  make  matters  right,  and  comments  :  "In 
Ireland  such  a  priest  would  be  dragged  off  the 
altar  if  he  attempted  to  say  Mass."  Reference 
desired.  (REV.)  TOM  COLLINS. 

The  Vicarage,  Bishop  Monkton,  Harrogate. 

[We  insert  this  query  for  the  purpose  of  obtain- 
ing the  reference  required,  but  cannot  insert 
correspondence  on  the  statements  quoted  from 
the  book.] 


454 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [12  s.x.  JUNE  10, 1022. 


"  HAY  SILVER." 

(12   S.    x.    409.) 

•"  HAY  SILVER  "  is  not  mentioned,  so  far 
as  I  can  see,  in  the  '  N.E.D.'  or  in  any 
legal  dictionary  to  which  I  have  access, 
and  the  only  reference  to  it,  which  I  can  find, 
is  in  Wright's  '  Dialect  Dictionary,'  where 
he  gives  it  as  "  a  tithe-charge  of  Is.  an  acre 
upon  mown  land,"  and  refers  to  "  Der.  Addy, 
-G1.  1891,"  which  probably  means  "  Derby- 
shire, Addy's  '  Glossary.'  : 

Wright's  explanation  hardly  seems  to  fit 
the  payments  referred  to  by  MB.  BARNARD. 
Perhaps  they  were  of  manorial  origin. 
Manorial  customary  tenants  had  originally 
(1)  to  render  personal  services  called  "  week 
work,"  which  meant  working  for  the  lord, 
usually  two  or  three  days  a  week,  and  most 
at  harvest  time  ;  (2)  to  perform  precariae 
or  "  boon-days  " — special  or  extra  services 
at  the  lord's  request ;  (3)  to  make  payments 
in  kind,  or  in  money,  at  specified  times. 
In  examples  given  by  Seebohm  ('  English 
Village  Community  '),  we  find  that,  amongst 
1)heir  other  services,  certain  tenants  in 
Huntingdonshire  had  to  pay  Id.  as  loksilver, 
and  Id.  on  Ash  Wednesday  as  fispeni  (fish- 
penny)  ;  and  certain  tenants  in  Gloucester- 
shire had  to  mow  the  lord's  meadow  five 
days,  and  more  if  necessary,  and  to  lift  the 
lord's  hay  for  five  days  ;  and  that  the 
villani  of  Aucklandshire,  when  the  Bishop 
•of  Durham  went  hunting,  had  to  make 
his  |  hall  in  the  forest  60ft.  long  and  16ft. 
wide  and  make  their  portion  of  the  hedge 
(haya)  round  the  lodges.  Some  of  the 
manorial  services  were  commuted  at  an 
early  period  for  money  payments,  and  pay- 
ments were  also  made  for  special  privileges 
granted.  In  the  '  Chronicle  '  of  Jocelin 
of  Brakelond  we  find  that  at  Bury  St. 
Edmunds,  before  the  town  became  free, 
the  men  of  the  town  were  accustomed  to 
reap  for  the  Abbey  as  serfs,  but  when  it 
became  a  borough  in  lieu  thereof  they  used 
to  give  to  the  cellarer  one  penny  from  every 
house  in  the  beginning  of  August,  which 
was  called  rep  silver.  They  also  formerly 
made  a  payment  called  sorpeni  for  every 
cow  they  pastured.  The  men  of  the  cellarer's 
fee  paid  a  penny,  called  borthselver,  which 
is  probably  similar  to  bord  halfpenny,  which 
Jacob,  in  his  'Law  Dictionary,'  says  was  a 
small  toll  for  setting  up  stalls,  booths,  &c., 
.in  fairs  and  markets.  Formerly  also  the 


men  of  the  town  had  to  go,  at  the  order  of 
the  cellarer,  and  catch  eels  for  the  Abbey, 
and  this  was  commuted  for  the  payment  of 
Id.  from  every  30  acres.  They  also  formerly 
paid  twopence  from  every  30  acres  as  aver- 
peni,  which  was  money  paid  in  commutation 
of  the  service  (avera)  of  performing  any 
work  for  the  lord  by  horse  or  ox,  or  by 
carriage  with  either.  The  men  of  the  town 
were  also  bound  to  fold  their  sheep  in  the 
cellarer's  folds,  so  that  he  should  have  the 
benefit  of  the  manure. 

The  steward  of  the  Manor  of  Bonchurch, 
Isle  of  Wight,  in  his  account  for  the  year 
1272  (see  Dr.  Whitehead's  '  Undercliff  '), 
charges  himself  with  \4d.  received  for  fold- 
peni,  showing  that  the  tenants  of  that 
manor  had  commuted  their  liability  to  fold 
their  sheep  on  the  lord's  land  for  a  money 
payment.  Jacob's  '  Law  Dictionary 
gives  the  following  examples  of  other 
small  customary  payments  in  various  parts 
of  the  country  :  Green  silver,  a  halfpenny 
paid  in  the  manor  of  Writtel,  Essex,  by 
every  tenant  whose  front  door  opened  to 
Greenbury.  Head  silver,  sometimes  called 
cert-money,  paid  by  the  resiants  in  some 
court  leets  to  the  lord,  and  said  to  be  a 
recompense  for  his  expense  in  obtaining  the 
grant  of  a  leet  and  thus  saving  the  resiants 
from  having  to  attend  the  sheriff's  tourn. 
In  the  Manor  of  Sheepshed,  Leicestershire, 
each  tenant  paid  Id.  per  poll,  which  was 
there  called  "  common  fine."  Hundred 
penny  was  collected  by  the  sheriff  or  lord 
of  the  hundred  in  onerio  sui  subsidium. 
Land  gable,  mentioned  in  Domesday  as 
payable  in  some  places,  was,  according  to 
Spelman,  Id.  for  every  house,  and  was  in 
effect  a  quit-rent  for  the  land  on  which  the 
house  stood.  Mark  penny  was  paid  at 
Maldon  by  those  who  had  gutters  from 
their  houses  into  the  streets.  Meal  rents 
were  money  payments  made  by  the  tenants 
of  the  honour  of  Clun  in  lieu  of  providing 
meal  as  food  for  the  lord's  hounds.  Plow 
silver  was  paid  by  some  tenants  in  commu- 
tation of  the  service  of  ploughing  the  lord's 
lands.  Pride  gavel  was  paid  in  the  Manor 
of  Rodeley,  Gloucestershire,  for  the  privilege 
of  fishing  for  lampreys  or  lamprids  in  the 
Severn.  Salt  silver  was  Id.  paid  in  some 
manors  at  Martinmas  (the  great  time  for 
salting  meat  for  winter  consumption)  in 
discharge  of  the  liability  to  carry  the  lord's 
salt  from  market  to  his  larder.  Sheep  silver 
was  a  payment  made  instead  of  discharging 
the  service  of  washing  the  lord's  sheep. 
Slough  silver  was  a  small  payment  made 


12  s.  x.  JUNE  10,  1022.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


455 


to  the  Castle  of  Wigmore  in  place  of  certain 
days'  work  in  harvest  formerly  performed 
for  the  lord  by  the  tenants.  Snottering 
silver  was  a  small  annual  payment  made  by 
the  tenants  of  the  village  of  Wylegh  to  the 
Abbot  of  Colchester. .  Suit  silver  was  a 
small  sum  paid  by  the  freeholders  in  some 
manors  to  excuse  their  attendance  at  the 
manor  courts.  Ward  penny  was  a  payment 
towards  watch  and  ward.  Water-gavel  was 
a  payment  for  fishing  in,  or  other  benefit 
received  from,  a  river.  Whitehart  silver 
was  a  payment  in  respect  of  certain  lands, 
in  or  near  the  forest  of  Whitehart,  said  to 
have  been  imposed  by  Henry  III.  on  Thomas 
de  la  Linde  for  killing  a  beautiful  white  hart, 
which  that  King  had  before  spared  in  hunting. 

From  what  is  stated  above,  it  will  be 
gathered  that  the  many  small  customary 
payments,  which  were  formerly  payable 
in  different  places,  and  which  may  perhaps 
in  some  instances  still  be  paid,  arose  in 
various  ways  ;  and  for  this  reason  it  is  very 
difficult,  in  the  absence  of  further  information, 
especially  with  regard  to  the  person  to 
whom  the  "  hay  silver "  was  paid,  to  say 
exactly  what  was  its  origin,  particularly  as 
the  absence  of  any  reference  to  hay  silver  in 
the  Law  Dictionaries  tends  to  show  that 
the  term  was  merely  of  local  use.  Jacob 
gives  gavelmed  as  "  the  duty  or  work  of 
mowing  grass  or  cutting  of  meadowland 
required  by  the  lord  from  his  customary 
tenants,  consuetude  falcandi  quae  vocatur 
gavelmed,"  ^ncl  the  duty  of  assisting  in 
getting  in  the  lord's  hay  was  certainly 
formerly  often  imposed  on  customary 
tenants.  The  payments  in  question  might 
therefore  have  been  in  commutation  of 
this  duty,  but  if  they  were  payable  to  the 
parson,  or  to  a  lay  impropriator,  they 
might  very  well  be  a  modus  in  lieu  of  the 
tithe  of  hay. 

On  the  other  hand,  they  may  have  had 
nothing  whatever  to  do  with  hay,  as 
haia  •  or  hay  often  spelt  hey,  signified  a 
hedge  or  enclosure,  and  hay-bote  was  a 
right  to  take  wood  for  the  repair  of  hedges 
and  fences  ;  and  Cowell  gives  hey-loed  as 
a  customary  burden  laid  upon  inferior 
tenants  for  mending  or  repairing  the  heys 
or  fences.  Hence  hay  silver  may  have 
originally  been  paid  for  the  privilege  of 
getting  hay-bote,  or  it  may  have  been  paid 
in  commutation  of  a  liability  for  the  repair 
of  fences. 

Again,  a  hayward  was  an  officer  appointed 
to  keep  the  common  herd  of  cattle  of  a 


town,  and  hay  silver  may  perhaps  have  been 
originally  hayward  silver,  and  in  this  case 
it  would  represent  the  money  the  various 
householders  contributed  towards  his  wages, 
Besides  this,  haga  was  an  old  term  for  a 
house.  Maigne  d'Arnis,  in  his  abridgment 
of  Du  Cange,  interprets  haga  both  by  seps, 
sepes  ( '  Monasticon  Anglicam,'  haie),  and 
also  by  domus  (maison,  principalement 
maison  des  champs,  '  Mons.  Angl.').  Perhaps, 
therefore,  hay  silver  was  equivalent  to 
house  silver.  If  so,  several  origins  might 
be  suggested  for  it,  but  the  most  probable 
would  be  that  it  was  the  same  as  smoke 
silver.  There  were  lands  in  some  places 
held  by  the  payment  of  6d.  yearly  to  the 
sheriff,  called  smoke  silver.  Smoke  penny 
and  smoke  silver  were  also  paid  to  the 
ministers  of  divers  parishes  as  a  modus  in 
lieu  of  tithe  wood,  and  in  some  manors, 
formerly  belonging  to  religious  houses,  there 
was  paid,  as  appendant  to  such  manors,  the 
annual  Peter's  pence,  by  the  name  of  smoke 
money,  long  after  the  payment  of  Peter's 
pence  to  Rome  had  ceased. 

These  small  customary  payments,  at 
the  time  they  originated,  represented 
substantial  sums,  but  the  great  fall  in  the 
value  of  money,  since  medieval  times,  has 
rendered  them  of  negligible  value,  and 
where  they  have  ceased  to  be  paid,  it  was 
probably  in  most  instances  because  it  was 
not  worth  while  to  incur  the  trouble  of 
collecting  them. 

I  regret  the  conjectural  character  of  my 
communication,  indeed  I  fear  some  of  my 
conjectures  are  somewhat  far-fetched,  but 
for  the  reasons  above  stated  I  think  no 
definite  reply  to  MR.  BABNABD'S  inquiry 
can  be  given  in  the  absence  of  further 
information  with  regard  to  the  payments 
he  refers  to.  WM.  SELF-WEEKS. 

Westwood,  Clitheroe. 

"  Hay  "  certainly  may  mean  "  hedge," 
as  in  haybote,  "  allowance  of  wood  or  thorns 
for  repairing  hedges,"  and  hayward,  "  mano- 
rial officer  in  charge  of  enclosures  "  ;  but 
the  '  E.D.D.'  quotes  hay  silver  in  the  sense 
of  "a  tithe-charge  of  one  shilling  an  acre 
upon  mown  land,"  from  Derbyshire,  with 
a  reference  to  "  Addy  Gl.  (1891)."  Accord- 
ing to  the  bibliography  in  vol.  vi.  this  must 
mean  Sidney  Oldall  Addy's  supplement  to 
his  '  Glossary  of  Words  used  in  the  Neigh- 
bourhood of  Sheffield,'  published  by  the 
English  Dialect  Society. 

L.  R.  M.  STRACHAN. 

Birmingham  University. 


456 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [12  s.  x.  JUNE  10, 1022. 


YORKSHIRE  USE  OF  "  THOU  "  (12  S.  x. 
408). — "  To  them "  a  person  by  way  of 
insult  or  vituperation  was  in  former  times, 
as  is  well  known,  not  confined  to  Yorkshire, 
witness  the  trial  of  Sir  Walter  Raleigh  in 
1603  for  treason.  Sir  Edward  Coke,  Attor- 
ney-General, in  his  examination  of  Raleigh 
appears  soon  to  have  substituted  "  thou  " 
and  "  thee  "  for  "  you,"  and  "  thy  "  for 
"  your." 

In  another  part  of  the  trial,  Coke  was,  if  possible, 
even  more  coarse  and  violent. 

Raleigh.  I  do  not  hear,  yet,  that  you  have 
spoken  one  word  against  me  ;  here  is  no  treason 
of  mine  done  ;  if  my  Lord  Cobham  be  a  traitor, 
what  is  that  to  me  ? 

Alt.  All  that  he  did  was  at  thy  instigation, 
thou  viper,  for  I  thou  thee,  thou  traitor. 

I  quote  from  '  Westminster  Hall ;  or, 
Professional  Relics  and  Anecdotes  of  the 
Bar,  Bench,  and  Woolsack '  (compiled 
according  to  Lowndes  by  Henry  and  Thomas 
Roscoe),  1825,  vol.  i.,  p.  130.  The  reference 
appears  to  be  to  Howell's '  State  Trials,'  85. 

The  compilers  of  '  Westminster  Hall  ' 
say  : — 

It  has  been  thought  that  Shakspeare  alludes 
to  Coke's  expression,  for  I  thou  thee,  &c.,  in 
4  Twelfth  Night,'  where  he  makes  Sir  Toby,  in 
giving  directions  to  Sir  Andrew  for  his  challenge 
to  Viola  [Act  III.,  sc.  ii.]  say  "  If  thou  thousts 
him  some  thrice,  it  may  not  be  amiss."  But 
the  phrase  was  probably  a  common  one  at  that 
day. 

Howard  Staunton,  in  his  edition  of  Shake- 
speare, in  a  note  on  the  passage,  says  that 
the  conjecture  is  put  out  of  court  since 
*  Twelfth  Night '  is  discovered  to  have  been 
acted  nearly  two  years  before  Sir  Walter 
Raleigh's  trial. 

Touching  the  Quaker  use  of  "  thou  "  and 
"  thee  "  the  following  is  taken  from  Thomas 
Clarkson's  *  Portraiture  of  Quakerism,'  3rd 
ed.,  1807,  vol.  i.,  p.  301  :— 

It  was  a  common  question  put  to  a  Quaker  in 
those  days  [the  days  of  George  Fox],  who  ad- 
dressed a  great  man  in  this  new  and  simple 
manner,  "  Why,  you  ill-bred  clown,  do  you  Thou 
me  ?  "  The  rich  and  mighty  of  these  times 
thought  themselves  degraded  by  this  mode  of 
address,  as  reducing  them  from  a  plural  magnitude 
to  a  singular,  or  individual,  or  simple,  station  in 
life.  "  The  use  of  Thou/'  says  George  Fox, 
"  was  a  sore  cut  to  proud  flesh,  and  those  who 
sought  self -honour." 

On  p.  304,  Clarkson  writes  : — 

But  the  great  argument,  to  omit  all  others, 
which  Penn  and  Barclay  insisted  upon  for  the 
change  of  You,  was  that  the  pronoun  Thou,  in 
addressing  an  individual,  had  been  antiently  in 
use,  but  that  it  had  been  deserted  for  You,  for  no 
other  purpose  than  that  of  flattery  to  men ;  and 
that  this  dereliction  of  it  was  growing  greater 


and  greater,  upon  the  same  principle,  in  their  own 
times.  Hence,  as  Christians,  who  were  not  to 
puff  up  the  fleshly  creature,  it  became  them  to 
return  to  the  antient  and  grammatical  use  of  the 
pronoun  Thou,  and  to  reject  this  growing  fashion 
of  the  world. 

It  is  strange  that  after  this  insistence  on 
the  grammatical  "  thou,"  Quakers,  or  many 
of  them,  say  sixty  years  ago,  used  to  sub- 
stitute the  accusative  "  thee "  for  the 
nominative  "  thou,"  e.g.,  "  Does  thee  know," 
&c. 

Although  it  has  little  connexion  with  the 
matter  in  hand,  I  may  perhaps  offer  an 
amusing  story.  A  certain  Quaker  of  good 
position  in  the  north  had  a  dinner  party. 
One  of  his  guests  on  being  offered  more  of 
whatever  it  was  refused  the  offer.  How- 
ever, a  little  later  he  said  that  he  had  changed 
his  mind,  upon  which  his  host  said,  "  Friend, 
thou  shalt  not  make  a  liar  of  thyself  at  my 
table."  ROBERT  PIERPOINT. 

The  English  dislike  of  being  tutoye 
dates  back  many  years.  Erasmus  (i.  796) 
tells  a  story  of  a  German  physician  who 
treated  a  London  citizen  successfully  for 
fever,  but  was  refused  his  fee.  The  Londoner 
alleged  that  .his  wife  had  already  paid  it, 
and  the  doctor,  denying  it  (they  were  both 
speaking  in  Latin),  used  the  second  person 
singular.  Whereupon  the  Londoner,  ex- 
claiming, "  Vah,  homo  Germanus  tuissas 
Anglum  !  "  made  off  without  payment. 

JOHN  B.  WAINE WRIGHT. 

ABBOT  PASLEW:  HIS  PLACE  OF  EXECU- 
TION (12  S.  x.  407). — Your  correspondent 
may  rely  on  the  trustworthiness  of  the  local 
tradition.  The  monster  of  the  sixteenth 
century  loved  the  bizarre  even  in  his  wanton 
cruelties.  But,  apart  from  that,  there  is  the 
parallel  case  of  poor  old  Richard  Whiting,  the 
last  Abbot  of  Glastonbury.  After  a  brutal 
trial  at  Wells,  he  was  dragged  with  the 
utmost  ignominy  back  to  Glastonbury,  and 
there  hanged — a  blessed  martyr — on  the 
Tor,  in  full  view  of  his  glorious  Abbey, 
the  most  sacred  and  the  most  venerable  spot 
in  England.  CHARLES  SWYNNERTON. 

MULES  ON  MOUNTAINS  (12  S.  ix.  354, 
395,  431,  475). — When  this  query  appeared 
I  at  once  wrote  to  my  son-in-law,  who  is 
surveying  on  the  mountains  of  Chile.  In 
reply  he  says  : — 

This  place  (Arica)  is  situated  at  a  height 
of  about  16,000ft.  We  use  both  horses 
and  mules,  but  for  riding  I  always  use  a  horse. 
We  are  more  or  less  60  miles  from  the  station, 
and  we  change  horses  once.  The  two  stages  are 


12  S.  X.  JUNE  10,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


457 


respectively  some  35  and  25  miles.  The  longer 
section  generally  takes  some  seven  hours,  but 
I  have  known  it  covered  in  five  hours.  I  have 
not  noticed  any  distress  on  the  part  of  the  horses, 
and  even  in  England  to  cover  35  miles  on  a  horse 
without  a  stop  in  from  five  to  seven  hours  would 
not  be  considered  bad  going.  I  have  brought 
a  pack-mule  over  the  longer  distance  in  about  seven 
hours.  It  is  true  in  the  Cordilleras  I  have  known 
the  mules  to  stop  very  often,  but  this  I  believe 
was  at  a  height  of  17,600ft.,  and  on  a  very  steep 
part  of  the  track.  On  level  parts  I  did  not  notice 
any  distress.  The  men  in  the  mines  here  play 
football,  and  in  November  last  I  organized  sports 
and  races,  and  no  one  seemed  the  worse  for  their 
exertions. 

This  does  not  put  us  far  on  the  road  to  the 
inquiry  as  to  the  greatest  height  at  which 
mules  can  travel,  but  it  is  interesting  and 
has  some  bearing  on  the  question,  so  I  send 
it.  R.  Me. 

ADAH  ISAACS  MENKEN'S  '  INFELICIA  ' 
(12  S.  iv.  273,  313,  374,  477,  519;  x.  32, 
79,  97,  115,  133,  196).— None  of  the  accounts 
of  this  lady's  strange,  meteoric  career  that 
I  have  read  makes  mention  of  the  first  of 
the  five  husbands  alluded  to  at  12  S.  ix.  519, 
"  a  nobody  who  maltreated  and  abandoned 
her  "  ;  but  there  can  be  no  question  | 
as  to  her  actual  marriage  to  the  remaining  | 
four,  including  the  pugilist  Heenan,  which 
marriage  is  emphatically  denied  at  the  last 
reference.  The  house  in  Seventh  Avenue, 
New  York,  where  the  Heenans  lived,  is  still 
pointed  out. 

Larousse  gives  a  lengthy  biography  of 
Miss  Menken,  as  she  was  styled  after  her 
marriage  to  Alex.  I.  Menken,  the  musician, 
when  she  changed  her  second  name,  Dolores 
Adios  Fuertes  to  Adah.  This  differs  materi- 
ally from  what  has  already  appeared  in 
these  pages.  It  is  stated  that  while  chasing 
buffaloes  in  Texas  with  the  cowboys  (which 
was  where  she  acquired  that  proficiency  as 
an  ecuyere  which  subsequently  stood  her  in 
good  stead  in  the  part  of  Mazeppa)  she  was 
ambushed  by  the  Indians,  and  only  escaped 
death  by  executing  a  pas  de  serpent  which 
electrified  her  captors.  She  was  then  rescued 
by  General  Harvey,  at  whose  camp  she 
remained  some  months  translating  French 
and  Spanish  documents.  Later,  having 
secured  an  independence  through  her 
dramatic  exhibitions,  she  launched  at 
Cincinnati  The  Israelite,  a  paper  in  which 
she  wrote,  in  opposition  to  The  Churchman, 
an  article  advocating  the  claims  of  Baron 
Rothschild  to  sit  in  Parliament.  The 
article  was  reproduced  in  the  English  Press, 
the  Baron  sending  her  an  acknowledgment 


in  which  he  styled  her  "  the  inspired  Deborah 
of  her  race." 

Besides  her  personal  charm  of  face,  figure 
and  manner,  her  mental  attributes  gained 
her  the  marked  esteem  of  many  distinguished 
names — Charles  Reade,  Dickens,  Swin- 
burne, the  elder  Dumas  among  others.  As 
regards  the  literary  value  of  her  volume  of 
poems,  '  Infelicia,'  however,  Allibone  quotes 
from  The  Athenaeum  to  this  effect : — 

Verses  which,  if  they  were  really  written  by 
the  person  whose  name  they  bear,  show  much 
uncultivated  pathos  in  sentiment  and  senseful 
love  of  nature  to  have  existed  in  the  author's 
mind  ;  also  a  wilderness  of  rubbish  and  affected 
agonies  of  yearning  after  the  unspeakable,  which 
achieves  the  nonsensical. 

N.  W.  HILL. 

San  Francisco. 

The  printers'  strike,  as  cause  or  excuse, 
has  made  my  '  N.  &  Q.'  some  nine  weeks 
late ;  the  issue  of  Feb.  25  is  just  here 
(May  20).  This  is  my  reason  for  reviving 
this  subject  now.  MB.  J.  H.  MOOBE  is 
wrong — a  matter  of  concern  to  me  at  least. 
My  account  was  so  utterly  different  from 
the  1888  introduction  he  cites  that  he  should 
have  seen  I  did  not  use  it ;  in  fact  I  never 
saw  it,  and  did  not  "  assume  "  anything. 
Edwin  James,  a  New  York  sport,  published 
under  his  own  name  a  pamphlet  of  that 
year,  not  memorable  or  careful,  but  contain- 
ing some  interesting  new  items,  apparently 
on  Adah  Menken's  authority,  and  which  I 
used  cautiously. 

MB.  MOOBE  says  there  is  no  Milneburg  : 
this  is  a  quibble.  There  was  till  a  few  years 
ago,  vide  atlases  and  directories ;  it  is  now 
annexed  to  New  Orleans,  but  no  more  a 
blunder  than  the  familiar  "  Harlem "  in 
New  York.  He  says  "  Adelaide  McCord  " 
is  "  demonstrably  false."  It  is  given  by 
Brown,  very  thorough  and  closely  con- 
temporary (1872)  ;  it  is  ridiculous  to  suppose 
that  this  one  detail  of  the  many  thousands 
in  his  book  would  affect  his  getting  a  pub- 
lisher. James  gives  it  too,  sixteen  years  later  ; 
he  was  his  own  publisher,  and  obviously 
did  not  invent  it.  I  cannot  know,  of  course  ; 
but  on  its  face  a  rakishly  picturesque  name 
like  Dolores  Adios  Fuertes  is  far  more 
likely  to  be  invented  than  a  humdrum  one 
like  McCord,  and  I  still  think  it  probably  a 
literary  pseudonym  or  friends'  sobriquet. 
Swinburne's  use  does  not  contradict  this, 
and  The  Times'  obituary  may  have  copied 
the  burial  record.  The  New  Orleans  direc- 
tory is  pointless :  the  name  is  different, 
and  Portuguese  Fuentes  or  Fuertes  is  likely 


458 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [12  s.  x. 


1022. 


in  that  city  anyway.  "  Queen  of  the 
Plaza "  no  more  means  prostitute  than 
"  Queen  of  the  Platform  "  or  "  Queen  of  the 
Park  Concerts  "  would. 

The  contradiction  of  her  marriages  staggers 
me,  and  I  do  not  grasp  its  extent.  "  Heenan, 
Barclay  and  other  men  "  :  does  he  mean  to 
say  she  did  not  marry  Newell,  who  was 
blighted  by  it  ?  or  did  not  travel  as  Mrs. 
Heenan  ?  or  that  the  divorce  records  are 
fictions  ?  I  have  spoken  no  evil  of  her — 
the  reverse  ;  and  am  more  than  ready  to 
believe  any  good  or  discount  any  scandal. 
I  shall  be  deeply  interested  in  MB.  MOOBE'S 
biography,  and  have  so  written  him  per- 
sonally. "  FOBBEST  MOBGAN. 
Hartford,  Conn. 

D'ANVEBS  ABMS  INN  :  PINDAB'S  BAGNIO 
(12  S.  x.  409). — I  regret  I  am  unable  to  assist 
MB.  -FooBD,  neither  establishment  being 
known  to  me.  It  is  unlikely  Pindar's 
Bagnio  offered  the  accommodation  of  an  inn  : 
Smithfield  and  Aldersgate-street  teemed 
with  inns  and  a  bagnio-keeper  situated  mid- 
way could  scarcely  have  competed  with  them. 
Bagnios  were  sometimes  also  coffee  houses  : 

Daily  Courant,  Jan,  10,  1709. — Coffee  at  this 
time  being  very  scarce  in  Town,  and  I  having  more 
by  me  then  [sic]  I  can  use  in  a  reasonable  time,  am 
willing  to  sell  some  at  moderate  price  at  the 
Bagnio  Coffee-house  in  Newgate-street. 
About  the  same  date  there  was  a  Duke's 
Bagnio  coffee-house  on  the  south  side  of 
Long  Acre,  which  took  its  name,  however, 
from  the  Duke's  Bagnio  or  Sweating-house, 
next  to  which  it  stood.  Occasionally  bagnios 
were  also  taverns.  In  1741  Mrs.  Ebeall  an- 
nounced herself  in  The  Daily  Advertiser  of 
Nov.  7  as  keeping  the  Bell  Tavern  or  New 
Crown  Bagnio  in  St.  Martin' s-lane,  near  the 
church ;  and  in  1785  the  Globe  Tavern  in 
Craven  Street  re-opened  as  the  Globe  Ta\  ern, 
Coffee-house  and  Royal  Hummums. 

J.  PAUL  DE  CASTBO. 

"  MONKEY  TBICK  "  (12  S.  x.  408).— There 
occurs  another  instance  of  the  use  of  this 
expression  in  the  eighteenth  century  in  the 
'  Memoirs  of  William  Hickey '  (1914,  i.  27)  :— 

My  father's  next  door  neighbour  at  Twicken- 
ham was  Mr.  Hudson,  the  portrait  painter,  to 
whom  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds  had  been  a  pupil. 
His  figure  was  rather  grotesque,  he  being  uncom- 
monly low  in  stature,  with  a  prodigious  belly,  and 
constantly  wearing  a  large  white  bushy  perriwig. 
He  was  remarkably  good  tempered,  and  one  of  my 
first-rate  favorites,  notwithstanding  he  often  told 
me  that  I  should  certainly  come  to  be  hanged. 
I  was  always  playing  my  monkey  tricks  with  him, 
and  thereby  getting  into  disgrace. 

J.  PAUL  DE  CASTBO. 


RHYMED  HISTOBY  OF  ENGLAND  (12  S. 
x.  249,  297,  352,  376,  397,  414).— As  we  have 
had  so  much  on  this  subject,  I  may  mention 
that  from  a  set  of  verses  on  the  successive 
reigns  I  derived  my  first  ideas  of  history, 
as  also  those  of  reading  and  spelling,  from 
a  "  spelling  book  "  entitled  '  Infantine 
Knowledge,'  (4th  ed.,  London,  John  Harris, 
St.  Paul's  Churchyard,  1835),  in  which  those 
verses  are  contained,  pp.  177-195.  The 
first  begins  : — 

William  the  First,  as  the  Conqueror  known, 
By  the  Battle  of  Hastings  ascended  the  throne. 
Eight  lines.  The  Curfew  and  the  Tower  of 
London  are  referred  to.  Of  his  successor 
we  learned  that  he  was  "  styled  Rufus, 
from  having  red  hair,"  and  about  his  being 
accidentally  shot  to  the  heart,  "and  the 
body  was  carried  away  in  a  cart."  Of 
Henry  I.,  that  "  Beauclerc,  or  Fine  Scholar," 
he  was  "  justly  surnamed,"  but  that  "at 
last,  by  a  surfeit  of  lampreys,  he  died.'* 
All  the  verses  contained  similar  matters  of 
interest.  The  last  sovereign  referred  to 
was  William  IV.  I  being  then  about  five 
years  old,  and  being  well  acquainted  with 
the  other  verses,  remarked  to  my  father  that 
we  ought  now  to  have  a  verse  for  Queen 
Victoria,  for  I  had  been  impressed,  as  I 
still  remember,  by  the  church  bells  ringing 
for  the  Coronation,  by  some  dainty  called 
"  Coronation  cake,"  and  by  the  novelty  of 
having  a  queen  instead  of  a  king.  So  my 
father  wrote,  in  characters  that  I  could  read, 
on  an  inserted  slip  : — 
Since  this  book  was  printed,  King  William  has 

gone, 

Without  leaving  a  son  to  be  placed  on  his  throne  ; 
So  Victoria,  his  niece,  is  our  Lady  and  Queen, 
Our   Sovereign    belov'd,  and    the    best   we  have 

seen  ; 

And  long  may  she  govern,  enjoying  her  right 
In  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  thirty-eight. 

J.  T.  F. 

Winterton,  Lines. 

EABLY  VICTOBIAN  LITEBATUBE  :  (12  S. 
x.  210,  273,  332,  372,  417).— The  following 
additional  particulars  concerning  Thomas 
Peskett  Prest  may  be  of  interest  to  readers 
of  'N.  &  Q.'  Prest  was  a  relative  of  the 
Right  Rev.  Edward  Prest,  who  was  Arch- 
deacon of  Durham  during  the  sixties,  and 
Mr.  Church  said  he  prepared  for  the  printers 
some  of  his  relative's  theological  publications. 
Prest  made  some  attempts  as  a  dramatist, 
but  most  of  his  plays  (mainly  adaptations 
from  the  French)  were  produced  at  the 
Britannia  Theatre,  Hoxton,  under  the  name 
of  the  manager-proprietor,  Mr.  Lane. 


12  s.  x.  JUNE  10,  1922.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


459 


Prest's  "  original  romantic  drama,"  called 
'  The  Miser  of  Shoreditch,'  in  two  acts  (pub- 
lished under  his  own  name  in  Lacy's  acting 
edition  of  plays),  was  considered  before  its 
production  on  the  stage  by  his  acquaintances, 
even  by  Edward  Lloyd  himself,  a  satire  on 
the  future  proprietor  of  Lloyd's  Weekly 
News.  A  perusal,  however,  will  soon  con- 
vince the  reader  that  it  is,  like  many  dramatic 
"  novelties  "  of  the  period,  a  mere  adaptation 
of  a  long-forgotten  French  melodrama. 

It  may  not  be  generally  known  that 
Edward  Viles  wrote  very  little,  excepting 
the  ''  titles  "  of  the  sensational  novels  pub- 
lished under  his  name.  This  I  was  informed 
not  only  by  the  late  Mr.  W.  E.  Church, 
but  also  by  the  late  Mr.  Edgar  Lee.  Both 
Church  and  Lee  (real  name  Tasker)  often 
said  Viles,  notwithstanding  his  "  weakness  " 
to  pose  as  an  author,  was  the  most  kind- 
hearted  of  men.  He  was  always  willing  to 
help  financially  any  literary  man  or  woman 
in  trouble,  and  rescued  more  than  one  novel- 
ist's humble  home  from  the  hands  of  the 
bailiff.  One  of  his  pensioners  for  more  than 
twenty  years  was  the  widow  of  a  novelist 
formerly  in  his  employ,  and  at  Christmas-time 
he  never  failed  to  send  her  a  goose,  a  bottle 
of  gin,  and  a  plum -pudding  from  his  own 
home.  Edgar  Lee,  who  died  in  December, 
1908,  was  for  about  two  years  secretary  of 
Edward  Viles,  and  said  he  remembered  well 
the  bitter  cold  November  morning  when  the 
consumptive-looking  Robert  Louis  Stevenson 
called  on  Viles  with  the  MS.  of  '  Treasure 
Island.'  Viles's  reply  a  week  afterwards 
was  he  "  did  not  think  much  of  the  stuff, 
but  was  willing  to  purchase  the  tale  to  be 
re-written  by  a  more  competent  hand." 
Stevenson  called  once  again  for  the  return 
of  his  MS.  and  never  sought  another  inter- 
view with  Viles.  ANDREW  DE  TERNANT. 

36,  Somerleyton  Road,  Brixton,  S.W. 

In  my  remarks  at  ante,  p.  418,  I  mention 
a  "  £80,000  house  ghost  "  at  Valley  Road, 
Shortlands,  fcKent.  Upon  looking  up 
Kelly's  Directory  for  Kent  (1870)  I  find  that 
Mr.  F  'ward  Harrison,  the  publisher  of  Salis- 
bury Court,  lived  at  that  time  at  Valley 
Road,  Shortlands,  Beckenham,  Kent,  so 
that  the  paragraphs  in  the  London  Evening 
News  of  May  6,  under  '  Woman's  Story  of  a 
Haunted  House  '  and  '  £80,000  House  Ghost,' 
refer  to  his  residence,  and  it  would  be  in- 
teresting to  know  the  history  of  this  par- 
ticular house,  which  is  apparently  without 
an  owner  and  going  a-begging. 

FRANK  JAY. 


BRASS  ORNAMENTS  ON  HARNESS  (12  S.  x. 
410). — These  are  usually  known  as  "  horse 
amulets."  Mr.  Charles  Rowe  of  St.  Helens, 
in  his  little  book  on  Collecting,  has  devoted 
a  chapter  to  them.  J.  M.  BTJLLOCH. 

An  exhibition  of  "  horse  brasses "  Was 
recently  on  view  at  the  Birmingham  Central 
School  of  Arts  and  Crafts.  The  specimens 
were  lent  by  Mr.  George  L.  Craig  of  Hudders- 
field.  HOWARD  S.  PEARSON. 

THE  ROYAL  ARMS  (12  S.  x.  410).— See 
11  S.  x.  281,  336,  396,  417,  458,  510  ;  xi.  50, 
74,  96,  138,  177,  232,  where  this  subject  was 
discussed  at  great  length  under  the  heading 
'  France  and  England  Quarterly.'  I  do  not 
think  that  a  direct  answer  can  be  given  to 
M.  H.  C.  W.'s  question,  but  my  own 
impression  is  that  the  placing  of  the  lilies  of 
France  in  the  first  and  fourth  quarters  by 
Edward  III.  and  all  other  English  sovereigns 
down  to  the  accession  of  James  I.  had  no- 
thing to  do  with  the  claim  of  Edward  III* 
to  the  French  throne,  but  was  intended  to 
symbolize  his  and  their  Angevin  descent. 
My  reasons  for  this  view  I  gave  in  the 
course  of  the  discussion  to  which  I  have 
referred,  in  particular  at  1 1  S.  xi.  232. 

F.  SYDNEY  EDEN. 

56,  Holland  Road,  Kensington,  W.14. 

The  arms  of  France  were  quartered  (a  new 
form  of  marshalling  heraldry  at  that  time)  by 
Edward  III.  in  1340,  when  he  claimed  the 
kingship  of  France.  There  may  have  been 
no  precedence  in  the  first  and  fourth  quarters, 
but  if  there  were,  probably  he  desired  to 
give  greater  prominence  to  the  claim  that 
he  was  substantiating.  The  French  arms 
were  not  dropped  until  Queen  Anne's  time, 
when  in  the  first  quarter  England  and  Scot- 
land were  impaled,  possibly  to  give  promi- 
nence to  the  Union.  When  Scotland  was 
given  a  separate  quarter  England  remained, 
as  now,  in  the  first. 

WALTER  E.  GAWTHORP. 

16,  Long  Acre. 

THE  DANCE  OF  SALOME  (12  S.  ix.  150, 
197,  235,  273,  297,  413).— The  death  of 
John  the  Baptist,  with  matter  entirely  fresh 
in  English,  fills  100  pages  in  The  Harvard 
Theological  Review,  April,  1922,  xv.,  pp.  115- 
216,  viz.,  '  Literature  on  the  New  Testa- 
ment, 1914-1920,'  by  H.  Windisch  (professor 
in  Ley  den,  Holland).  He  had  the  comple- 
ment of  this  article,  to  wit,  '  Literature  in 
Great  Britain  and  America '  during  the 


460 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [12  s.  x.  JUNE  10, 1022. 


same  period,  in  Zeitschrift  fiir  die  Neutesta- 
mentliche  Wissenschaft  (1921),  which  I  have 
not  seen.  ROCKINGHAM. 

Boston,  Mass. 

AUTHORS  WANTED  (12  S.  x.  410).— "  A  man 
may  cry  '  Church,  Church,'  "  &c.  From  Hood's 
'  Ode  to  Rae  Wilson,  Esquire.'  C.  S.  C. 

*  (12   S.    x.    391.) 

1.  These  lines  are  from  the  third  stanza  of 
'  The  Fire  King  '  in  Scott's  '  Ballads  from  the 
German.'  E.  W.  B. 

J?ote*  on  poofe*. 

British  Flags :  Their  Early  History  and  their 
Development  at  Sea  ;  with  an  Account  of  the 
Origin  of  the  Flag  as  a  National  Device.  By 
W.  G.  Perrin.  (Cambridge  University  Press. 
£1  10s.  net.) 

THIS  book  is  highly  to  be  recommended  to  those 
who  are  interested  in  the  customs  and  traditions 
of  the  sea.  It  will  naturally  appeal  to  all  seamen  ; 
but  will  also  be  of  great  interest  to  laymen  who 
have  9  curiosity  as  to  the  significance  of  the  colours 
now  displayed  by  British  ships,  for  the  mass  of 
information  is  presented  in  PO  pleasant  a  manner 
as  to  be  fascinating  even  to  those  unconnected 
with  the  sea.  Its  value  as  a  standard  work  of 
reference  to  the  serious  student  of  naval  history 
and  to  marine  artists  can  hardly  be  exaggerated. 
The  author  has  devoted  many  years  of  bis  leisure 
to  the  study  of  his  subject,  and  has  consulted  and 
quoted  original  documents  hitherto  unpublished. 
He  is  warmly  to  be  congratulated  upon  the  result 
of  his  labour,  for  the  book,  admirably  illustrated 
with  coloured  plates  by  Mr.  H.  S.  Vaughan,  is  the 
first  really  authoritative  volume  in  the  English 
language  dealing  with  the  early  history  of  British 
flags  and  their  gradual  development  and  use  at 
sea. 

Mr.  Perrin  has  concentrated  principally  upon 
the  history  of  British  flags  displayed  afloat ;  but 
has  first  devoted  considerable  space  to  the  origin 
of  the  flag  itself  and  how  it  gradually  became  the 
honoured  symbol  of  nationality  that  it  now  is. 
In  his  seven  satisfying  chapters  he  deals  with 
every  kind  of  flag  that  has  ever  been  flown  by  a 
British  ship,  even  including  the  gradual  develop- 
ment of  the  code  of  flag  signals  for  use  at  sea. 

One  of  the  most  interesting  portions  of  the  book 
is  that  devoted  to  the  history  of  the  Union  Flag, 
commonly  miscalled  the  "  Union  Jack."  A 
"  Union  Jack,"  as  the  author  explains,  is  really 
a  small  Union  Flag  intended  to  be  flown  in  one 
particular  place,  that  is,  on  the  staff  in  the  bows 
of  H.M.  ships.  But  the  misapplication  of  the 
word  "  Jack  "  has  become  almost  universal,  so 
much  so  that  we  have  the  Government  solemnly 
announcing  that  "  the  Union  Jack  "  should  be 
regarded  as  our  national  flag. 

It  will  be  news  to  most  of  us  to  learn  that  there 
is  no  evidence  to-  prove  that  the  red  cross  of  St. 
George  owes  its  origin  as  the  badge  of  England 
to  the  devices  worn  on  the  surcoats  of  English 
men-at-arms  during  the  crusades.  It  does  not 
appear  to  have  come  into  use  as  our  national 
badge  until  1277,  when  the  red  cross  first  appeared 
on  the  pennoncels  on  the  spears  of  the  foot-soldiers 
and  on  the  bracers  worn  on  their  left  forearms 


by  the  archers.  Indeed  it  was  not  until  1348 
that  St.  George  became  the  patron  saint  of  Eng- 
land in  place  of  Edward  the  Confessor. 

The  white  saltire  of  St.  Andrew  was  adopted 
by  the  Scots  as  a  national  ensign  at  a  very  early 
period,  though  at  first  the  colour  of  the  groundwork, 
now  blue,  was  immaterial. 

The  red  saltire  of  St.  Patrick,  now  incorporated 
in  the  Union  Flag  as  symbolical  of  Ireland,  was 
at  first  the  badge  of  the  Geraldine  family,  who, 
from  the  time  of  Henry  II.,  held  the  predominant 
position  among  those  sent  by  the  English  sovereign 
to  subjugate  that  turbulent  island.  St.  Patrick, 
not  being  a  martyr,  is  not  strictly  entitled  to  a 
cross,  and  the  attempt  to  father  this  emblem 
upon  their  patron  saint  has  ever  evoked  little 
response  from  the  Irish  themselves. 

What  may  be  called  a  "  Green  Ensign,"  bearing 
a  harp,  appears  as  the  flag  of  Ireland  in  a  flag 
book  of  1686.  Under  the  Commonwealth  and 
Protectorate,  however,  Ireland  was  invariably 
represented  by  the  golden  harp  on  a  blue  ground 
now  incorporated  in  the  Royal  Standard.  In 
this  connexion  it  is  interesting  to  note  that  in 
1832  an  Irish  Yacht  Club,  the  Western  Yacht 
Club,  informed  the  Admiralty  that  as  a  white 
ensign  had  been  granted  to  the  Royal  Yacht 
Club  (now  the  Royal  Yacht  Squadron),  a  red  en- 
sign to  the  Royal  Cork  Y.C.,  and  a  blue  ensign  to 
the  Royal  Northern  Yacht  Club,  they  had  as- 
sumed a  green  ensign  as  the  only  unoccupied 
national  flag.  The  Admiralty  replied,  however, 
that  they  could  not  sanction  the  introduction  of  a 
new  colour  to  be  worn  by  British  ships,  and  that 
the  club  in  question  might  adopt  either  r  red, 
white  or  blue  ensign  with  an  appropriate  device. 

'  British  Flags  '  is  a  most  interesting  and  valu- 
able work,  which  should  be  in  the  library  of  every 
British  man-of-war  and  upon  the  shelves  of  every 
naval  historian,  student  of  naval  history,  yachts- 
man or  seeker  after  information  on  the  maritime 
customs  and  usages  of  a  bygone  era.  Perhaps 
Mr.  Perrin  could  be  persuaded  also  to  produce  a 
condensed  and  cheaper  version  of  the  book, 
giving  a  concise  history  of  the  flags  now  in  use,  for 
the  benefit  of  those  persons  who,  in  times  of 
national  rejoicing,  so  frequently  display  our 
national  ensigns  as  signals  of  distress,  i.e.,  upside 
down. 


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i2.8.  x  JUHB  n.  1022.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


461 


LONDON.  JUNE  17.  1922. 


CONTENTS.— No.   218. 

NOTES  ;— Thomas  Ftognal  Dibdin,  461— Marat  in  England, 
4B:j— The  Chesapeake  and  Shannon,  465— Mutations  of 
( ild  Katc-lift'e,  466— The  Cutty  Sark — Flat  Candle— Dyarchy, 
467— Old  Law  of  Derbyshire  Lead-mining,  468. 

QUERIES  :-  A  Drought— The  London  Mounted  Police— The 
Hands  of  a  Clock—"  Hampshire  Hogs  " — Waldegrave  and 
Wentworth  Families— John  Emery's  Songs.  468— The 
Church  of  England  Magazine— Evelyn  Query  :  Picture  by 
Murillo — Anthony  Waite — Cotes  of  Cotes — Waddon— 
Henry  Blacket— John  Stackhouse — Caxton  Advertisement — 
Dowding — Drummond,  469 — Thomas  Denton— Downman's 
'  Lady  Gordon  ' — Dr.  Crotch— Chester  Monastery — William 
Bragge's  Collection  of  Books  about  Tobacco — Brooke  Anns — 
"Mother  Anthony" — "Cannot  away  with"— Opinions  on 
Prussia :  References  wanted,  470 — Authors  wanted,  471. 

REPLIES  :— A  Curious  Deed  of  Obligation,  471— Tailless 
Cats — Apprentices  to  and  from  Overseas — Prisoners  who 
have  survived  Hanging,  472— Eighteenth  Century  German 
Principalities  —  Salad  —  Sea-serpent  Stories  —  "  Sapiens 
dominabitur  astris  " — The  Woe  Waters  of  Wharram-le- 
Street — "  Love "  in  Place-names— Bredon  Hill,  473— 
Rayment— London  Inns— Adrian  Stokes — Mount  Morgan — 
Pudens — Arms  and  Crest  :  Llangollen — Identification 
of  Arms  sought — "  Dowle  "• — "  Intue,"  474 — Subscriptions 
for  Polish  Dissidents — Equilincar  Squares — Hubert  de  Rie 
and  Fulbert  of  Dover — Early  Victorian  Literature,  i75 — 
Yorkshire  Use  of  "  Thou  "—American  Civil  War— The 
Birmingham  Harcourts — Hungary  Water— Oldest  Half- 
penny Evening  Newspaper,  476 — Barrel  Organs  in  Churches 
— Sir  John  Bourne — Superstitions  concerning  Salt,  477 — 
Wroth  Family — Brass  Ornaments  on  Harness — London 
Clockmakers,  478. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :— '  Medieval  France  '— '  Tudor  Consti- 
tutional Documents  ' — '  Twinings  in  the  Strand.' 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


THOMAS    FROGNAL    DIBDIN. 

VERY  few  collectors,  or  even  lovers  of  old 
books — they  are  not  always  synonymous — 
can  escape  the  influence  of  this  bibliomaniac 
who,  by  his  books  and  praise,  made  a 
scholar's  pursuit  into  a  fine  art,  and,  in  some 
measure,  a  commercial  speculation.  It  is 
to  be  inferred  and  feared  that  some  of  his 
contemporaries  amassed  books  and  became 
learned  in  their  value  and  qualifications 
without  caring  much  what  the  author  had 
to  impart.  Perhaps  it  will  be  claimed  that 
this  type  of  book  amasser  has  passed  ;  but 
he  persists,  although  less  obvious  or  para- 
mount, and  though  there  is  to-day  a  larger 
number  of  scholarly  collectors  than  Dibdin 
thought  possible.  Yet  one  may  sometimes 
be  thankful  to  the  memory  of  the  worthy 
exploiter  of  the  cult  of  book-collecting. 
He  wrought  good  by  awakening  an  interest 
in  the  preservation  of  much  that  had  been 
neglected.  Even  in  the  reaction — and  from 


Dibdin's  enthusiasm  and  excessive  praise 
a  setback  was  inevitable — there  was  no 
return  to  the  negligence  possibly  best 
described  as  "  pre-Roxburghe."  So  great 
was  Dibdin's  influence  and  apparent  zeal 
that  his  motive  may  be  sought.  He  was 
not  a  book -dealer,  to  gain  by  enhanced 
market  values,  nor  associated  with  others 
in  a  "  knock-out  "  conspiracy  to  penalize 
both  the  vendor  and.  buyer.  Apparently 
his  sole  quest  was  patronage  and  influence, 
though  the  support  of  those  able  to  influence 
and  the  consequent  sale  of  his  books  pro- 
vided a  reward  not  always  commensurate 
with  the  exertion.  The  following  letter  is 
transcribed  at  length,  as  it  best  reveals  the 
real  Dibdin  and  his  ambitions.  It  is 
addressed  "  To  The  Revd.  Dr.  Bliss,  New 
College  Lane,  Oxford,"  from  "  Newmarket, 
October  Ten,  1824,"  and  franked  "  I. 
Douglas."  The  addressee  is,  of  course, 
Dr.  Philip  Bliss,  Bodley's  Librarian.  A 
few  of  the  allusions  are  identified  by  inter- 
polated notes. 

Exiling  Vicarage, 

Newmarket, 

Oct.   9,  '24. 
MY  DEAR  BLISS, 

Walking  in  my  rough  rochelaure,  this  morn- 
ing, in  my  little  kitchen  garden,  and  giving 
instructions  to  an  old  fellow  of  75  to  transplant 
some  box — your  letter  was  put  into  my  hands  just 
as  the  clock  struck  8.  I  opened  it  with  avidity, 
and  you  will  anticipate  the  observation  that  the 
perusal  of  it  gave  me  pleasure  and  pain. 

First,  for  the  pain.  It  is  only  in  instances  and 
on  occasions,  like  the  present,  that  the  ".  mens 
conscia  recti  " — the  assurance  and  conviction  of 
both  thinking  [and]  acting  aright — befriends  and 
sustains  a  man,  so  as  to  carry  him  through 
every  imputation  however  harsh,  and  every 
inference  however  unjust.  But  to  the  point. 
Tell  Bandinel,  and  tell  him  directly  and  strongly, 
from  myself,  that  the  omission  of  his  name, 
labours,  and  reputation  in  my  book,  was  purely 
and  entirely  accidental :  without,  first  of  all, 
supposing  that  either  could  be  promoted  by  its 
insertion,  or  either  injured  by  its  omission.  The 
fact,  however  was,  and  is,  that  his  name,  to  any 
professed  bibliographical  work,  is  not  before  the 
public  :  and  as  to  the  omission  of  it  in  the 
Monasticon  Anglicanum,  that  arose  from  pure 
ignorance,  as  I  only  read  the  title  from  some 
announce) ment],  and  have  never  seen  the  title 
page— but  the  numbers  I  regularly  see.  However, 
Harding  is  more  to  blame  than  myself  in  this  busi- 
ness, for  that  sheet  was  cancelled  and  he  had 
the  revision  of  the  whole  :  not  that  B.'s  name 
appeared  in  the  previous  one.  Of  course,  I  shall 
take  special  care  to  insert  it  in  the  new  and 
forthcoming  edition. 

TJu >n.  as  to  Clarendon.  Had  I  known  what 
you  now  tell  me,  I  could  have  joyed  to  have 
rendered  justice  to  his  valuable  labours  :  and 
as  to  Gough's  Topographical  Library  you'll 
see  and  he  shall  see,  how  he  will  be  "  encadre 


462 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       tlsa.  x.  JuNB  17, 1022. 


en  ormolu  "  at  p.  iii.  of  the  preface  of  the 
2d  Edition.  Tell  him  further — that  my  express 
mention  of  your  name  was,  from  what  had 
appeared  before  the  public  with  your  name 
attached,  and  from  habits  of  old  and  friendly 
intimacy — but  as  much  as  from  either,  from  a 
conviction  that  your  Athen[ae]  Oxon[ienses]  had 
not  been  treated  as  it  ought,  in  more  places 
than  one  "  a  prophet  hath  no  honour  in  his  own 
country,"  &c.  Tell  him  all  this— and  tell  him 
further — that  nothing  in  the  shape  of  disrespect, 
slighting,  or  want  of  bibliographical  sympathy  has 
operated  on  this  occasion.  One  word  more. 
I  hope  to  come  among  you  about  the  middle  of 
Novembr.  I  will  affirm  by  word  of  mouth  what 
my  pen  here  inscribeth.  Bodley,  Bandinel  and 
Bliss  for  ever  1  !  Sweet  and  soothing  alliteration. 
Let  me  touch  a  more  chirupping  [sic]  note.  So  >  ou 
like  my  book  :  bear  with  my  conceits,  pleasantries, 
and  all  the  bizarrerie  of  the  Dibdiniana  !  Show  me 
a  proof  of  your  perusal,  by  a  string  of  corrections 
and  additions.  Critics  must  not  think  of  what 
is  omitted,  but  of  what  is  inserted,  Certainly, 
the  mass  of  useful  intelligence  very  much  exceeds 
what  may  be  considered  merely  curious.  I  confined 
Divinity,  History,  and  Voyages  and  Travels,  [to] 
one  [chapter],  throughout  useful.  In  Poetry  and 
the  Drama  I  was  ever  running  over  the  course 
with  a  stiff  curb  in  my  horse's  mouth  (N.B.  I 
have  attended  the  races  this  week),  I  could  have 
dash'd  on  and  never  tired,  but  the  "  certi  denique 
fines  "  [sic]  checked  my  blood  steed.  The  book 
will  do  good  ;  it  has  done  good  :  and  so  help  me 
God,  that  "  good  "  was  first,  and  will  be  last  in 
my  thoughts  !  Epistles  from  all  quarters  flow  in 
upon  me.  I  ought  to  be  a  Bishop  for  the  sake 
of  frankage.  Among  the  volunteers,  is  a  very 
pleasing,  lively,  and  intelligent  one  from  the  Duke 
of  Newcastle — my  parishioner — but  whom  I 
never  saw.  Not  only  does  He  (I  should  say 
His  Grace),  but  several,  yea  many,  big  wigs  and 
little  wigs,  call  it  a  "  most  entertaining  (now  this 
I  did  not  bargain  for)  and  instructive  volume." 
Drury,  Palgrave,  D.  Turner,  D'Israeli,  The  B[isho]p 
of  London,  assent  to  this  character  of  the  work. 
True  it  is,  Sir  B[ichard]  Phillips  kicks,  curvets  and 
curses  in  his  heart  at  its  success — because  he 
meant  to  do  something  like  it ;  and  what  is  equally 
inexplicable  and  contemptible,  the  Editor  of  the 
British  Critic — my  friend  Archy  Campbell- — 
who  has  quaffed  my  port  and  munched  my 
mutton,  has  chosen  to  fall  foul  of  it  in  what  he 
conceives  to  be  a  very  witty  production — in 
order  to  give  a  fillip  to  the  dull  diatribes  of  his 
Journal.  Now  that  review  is,  in  all  respects, 
thoroughly  heartless  and  superficial.  The  wit 
is  impotent,  the  statements  are  false,  and  the 
deductions  utterly  contemptible. 

When  game  of  this  sort  is  up,  and  especially 
in  this  shooting  season,  I  must  expect  plenty  of 
sharp-shooters — to  be  winged  by  one,  to  be  legged 
by  another,  and  to  be  breasted  by  a  third.  We 
shall  see.  My  broadside,  by  way  of  return  of  fire, 
will  be  reserved  for 'the  preface  of  the  second 
edition.  Meanwhile  furnish  me  with  all  the 
weapons  you  can. 

Urge  Parker  to  push  the  book,  as  no  second 
edition  can  appear  till  late  in  the  Spring.  At 
Cambridge  they  go  off  like  partridges.  I  should 
like  to  take  a  peep  at  the  marginal  corrigenda 
of  Elmsley's  copy — for  I  learn  he  has  purchased 


it.  Perhaps  he  will  take  me  up  in  a  corner  at 
Althorp,  this  approaching  Xmas,  and  give  me 
a  hundred  and  one  lashes — but,  then,  his  whip 
must  be  composed  of  cock  pheasant's  feathers. 

The  second  volume  will  contain  Grammars, 
Dictionaries,  Geography,  Antiquities  and  Fine 
Arts,  Romances  and  Novels,  &c.,  with  a  general 
Introduction  to  the  Sciences — the  latter  to  be 
supplied  me  by  a  very  competent  friend. 

Meanwhile,  I  am  busy  with  my  new  edition 
of  the  Classics — and  am  occupied  with  Hebrew 
Bibles  ;  and  so  pray  count  over  for  me  the  number 
of  leaves,  very  carefully,  in  your  copy  of  the  first 
edition  -of  1488  in  the  Auctorium.  Have  you 
any  other,  and  what,  H.B.  ?  I  mean  of  earlyish 
date. 

Now  listen.  My  candlelight  occupations  are 
devoted  to  an  abridgement  of  my  Tour  in  2  vote. 
demi  8vo,  with  a  third  vol.  containing  all  the 
accounts  of  the  foreign  libraries  :  to  be  sold, 
together,  or  apart  at  the  option  of  the  purchaser, 
perhaps  15/-  per  volume.  The  book  is  wanted 
as  a  circulating  library  book,  which,  in  its  present 
form  and  costly  price  is  out  of  the  question.  The 
hint  at  such  an  abridgement  came  from  a  high 
professional  quarter,  3  years  ago,  and  poor 
Rennell  encouraged  the  idea.  The  bibliography 
will  sell  with  the  L.C.  [Library  Companion]  and  I 
may  put  £100  clear,  per  volume,  in  my  pocket. 
Publisher,  unsettled :  but  mum.  Listen  yet  further. 
I  am  going  to  abridge  the  whole  of  the  B.S. 
[Bibliotheoa  Spencer]  in  one  demi  8vo  volume 
of  about  800  pages  at  £1.  1.  cost  ;  one  alphabet, 
from  beginning  to  end,  and  every  reference  [?] 
inserted.  At  present,  the  size,  cost,  and  various 
beggs  [beginnings]  and  ends,  render  it,  tho'  a 
valuable,  yet  a  comfortless  book  to  consult ; 
besides,  its  cost  is  prodigious.  I  calculate  upon 
the  sale  of  500  copies  at  Paris,  and  1500  here, 
and  to  have  a  steel  plate  of  his  Lordship's  head 
(if  he  will  allow  it)  at  the  begg  [beginning]. 

And  why  should  I  not  do  these  things  ?  Who 
has  worked  harder  and  fared  worse  than  myself  ? 
I  have  never  recovered  the  Tour  business.  Besides, 
I  have  got  an  honest  reputation,  and  have  a 
right  to  make  an  honest  use  of  it.  My  books  are 
too  costly,  and  sealed  books  to  the  many.  When 
I  complete  my  bibliography  I  will  attack  the 
Reformation,  or  rather  the  Hist[ory]  of  it  and,  in 
the  meantime,  put  forth  a  7/6  manual  which 
shall  put  £700  into  my  pocket.  So  runs  my  life 
away  and  thus  God  fits  the  back  to  the  burden  ! — 
but  my  Summer  has  been  embittered  by  many 
painful  and  trying  avocations  and  occurrences 
of  which  I  will  say  nothing  more  at  present :  only, 
if  J.  H.  !  (nota  bene,  not  Joseph  Haslewood)  and 
myself  become  two  remember,  I  prepared  you  for 
the  intelligence.  I  hate  bluster,  priggishness,  and 
intolerance  of  every  description.  But,  I  rely 
upon  your  honour  for  secrecy. 

Old  Hassey  [?  Haslewood]  is  spending  two  or 
three  days  with  us,  and  is  now  gone  to  a  battue, 
while  I  write  my  sermon  for  to-morrow.  On 
Monday  we  are  going  to  see  the  diversion  of 
hawking  about  5  miles  off. 

My  life,  here,  is  smooth  and  uniform.  I  am 
obliged  to  write  all  my  sermons  afresh — as  plain 
as  a  pikestaff,  which  I  rather  like — and  now  and 
then  give  them  a  quaint  touch  a  la  Latimer.  The 
consequence  is,  that  the  Gospel  shop  is  just 


12  s  x.  JUNE  IT,  1922.]      NOTES   AND   QUERIES. 


463 


deserted.  But  you  must  be  tired — at  least,  I 
really  am  myself,  so  God  bless  Dad,  Mother  and 
Chick. 

Ever  yours, 

T.   F.   DIBDIN. 
P.S.  on  last  page  : — 

Could  you  procure  me  a  good  copy  of  the  phy- 
sician in  the  St.  John's  Library— who  loved 
Caxtons :  and  of  Dr.  James,  the  first  public  librarian 
atBodleyf's]  ?  Simply  obtain  the  terms  on  which 
such  copies  can  be  procured  but  keep  the  intelli- 
gence to  yourself.  More  anon. 

P.S.  written  across  page  5  : — 
Page  ye  Fifthe.     Keep  all  this  to  yourself  at 
present :  but  give  your  sentiments. 

Many  of  the  allusions  suggest  explanatory 

notes,  but  I  infer  that  all  the  writer's  books 

and     contemporaries     are     known     to     the 

readers,  so  they  can  be  dispensed  with. 

AXECK  ABRAHAMS. 


MARAT   IN  ENGLAND. 
(See  ante,  pp.  381,  403,  422,  441.) 

THE  more  discreet  of  these  chroniclers 
say  as  little  as  they  can  about  him,  until 
the  curtain  rings  up  on  the  great  drama 
of  1789.  They  all,  however,  concur  in 
keeping  him  in  France.  Let  us  see  how 
far  the  disguise  of  Le  Maitre,  which  sug- 
gested a  solution  for  former  riddles,  may 
help  in  this  final  one.  We  know  that,  since 
1784,  he  had  been  without  the  salary,  al- 
lowances and  backing  of  his  Court  appoint- 
ment, and  also  that,  from  all  it  is  possible 
to  gather,  his  books,  instead  of  yielding 
him  an  income,  had  involved  an  outlay  only. 
In  the  absence,  then,  of  any  evidence  of  his 
presence  in  Paris  during  these  two  years, 
it  appears  likely  enough  that  he  carried  out 
the  intention,  more  than  once  expressed  to 
Brissot,  of  trying  his  luck  in  Great  Britain 
again.  On  this  subject,  therefore,  we  may 
now  usefully  refer  to  The  Star  newspaper  of 
London,  dated  March  24,  1793,  in  which, 
under  the  heading  of  '  Glasgow,'  there  ap- 
pears the  following  historiette  : — 

From  an  investigation  lately  taken  at  Edin- 
burgh, it  is  said  that  Marat,  the  celebrated  orator 
of  the  French  Convention,  the  humane,  the  mild, 
the  gentle  Marat,  is  the  same  person  who,  a  few 
years  ago,  taught  tambouring  in  this  city  under 
the  name  of  John  White.  His  conduct,  while  he 
was  here,  was  equally  unprincipled,  if  not  as  atro- 
cious, as  it  has  been  since  his  elevation  to  the 
legislator-ship.  After  contracting  debts  to  a  very 
considerable  amount,  he  absconded,  but  was  ap- 
prehended at  Newcastle  and  brought  back  to  this  j 
city,  where  he  was  imprisoned.  He  soon  after  j 
executed  a  summons  of  cessio  bonorum  against  his  | 


creditors,  in  the  prosecution  of  which  it  was  found' 
that  he  had  once  taught  in  the  Academy  at  War- 
rington  in  which  Dr.  Priestley  was  a  tutor  ;    that 
he  left  Warrington  for  Oxford,  where,  after  some 
j  time,  he  found  means  to  rob  the  museum  of  a  num- 
;  her  of  gold  coins   and  medallions  ;    that  he  was 
|  traced  to  Ireland,  apprehended  at  an  Assembly 
i  there  in  the  character  of  a  German  Count,  brought 
back  to  this  country,  tried,  convicted,  and  sen- 
tenced to  some  years'  hard  labour  on  the  Thames. 
He  was  refused  a  cessio,  and  his  creditors,  tired  of 
detaining   him   in   gaol,   after   a   confinement   of 
several  months  set  him  at  liberty.     He  then  took 
up  his  residence  in  this  neighbourhood,  where  he 
continued  about  nine  months  and  took  his  final 
j  leave  of  this  country  about  the  beginning  of  the 
year  1787.     He  was  very  ill-looking  ;   of :  a  diminu- 
tive size  ;    a  man  of  uncommon  vivacity  ;    of  a 
very  turbulent  disposition,  and  possessed  of  a  verv 
uncommon  share  of  legal  knowledge.     It  is  said 
that  while  here  he  used  to  call  his  children  Mar.it . 
which  he  said  was  his  family  name. 

This  account,  which,  if  accurate,  would 
clear  up  several  material  points  in  the  in- 
quiry, is  not  quoted  by,  and  does  not  seem  to 
have  been  known  to,  the  writer  in  The 
Monthly  Repository.  The  two,  therefore, 
may  be  taken  as  independent  and  concurring 
records,  though  neither  emphasizes  the  con- 
siderable interval  that  in  fact  occurred  be- 
tween the  Warrington  and  Oxford  incidents. 
The  cessio  proceedings,  however,  appear  to. 
be  open  to  some  little  doubt,  since  the  Edin- 
burgh records,  which  we  have  had  carefully 
searched,  contain  no  trace  of  them,  nor  are 
any  references  to  be  found  in  the  local  Press. 
It  is  possible,  therefore,  that  the  proceedings, 
which  failed,  may  never  have  matured  into 
recordable  shape,  or  may  have  been  merely 
informal,  or  may  have  been  based  entirely 
on  rumour.  However  this  may  be,  the  other 
details  of  The  Star  article  substantially  tally 
with  what  we  already  know  of  Jean  1?aul — 
Edinburgh  and  Newcastle  being  his  favourite 
haunts,  the  personal  characteristics  accu- 
rately duplicating  his  own,  and  the  "  un- 
common knowledge  of  law  "  being  also  a 
well-marked  feature  (see,  e.g.,  his  '  Essay  on 
the  Reform  of  the  Criminal  Law,'  which 
deals  at  length  with  proofs,  presumptions 
and  procedure  ;  and  his  summary  of  the  Eng- 
lish forensic  system  in  the  supplement  to  his 
Offrande  a  la  Patrie ').  The  "  tambour  - 
ng  "  by  John  White,  it  will  be  recalled,  co- 
incides with  the  "  tambouring,"  or  "  draw- 
ing for  tambour,"  of  Le  Maitre  at  Oxford. 
Though  this  was  not,  it  is  true,  a  known  ac- 
complishment of  the  real  Jean  Paul,  it  may 
possibly  have  been  taught  him  by  his  father, 
who,  we  know,  worked  as  a  designer  at 
Boudry.  The  point  is  further  referred  to 
in  a  satirical  poem  called  *  Topsy  Turvy/ 


464 


NOTES   AND  QUERIES.       [12  s.x.  ^17,1022. 


published  in  1793,  a  note  appended  to  which 
asserts  that 

Marat  opened  a  shop  of  tamboured  waistcoats  at 
Oxford  under  the  assumed  appellation  of  Le  Maitre 
de  Marat,  and  displayed  the  attractions  qf  a 
handsome  wife  to  engage  the  notice  of  academical 
customers  to  whom  he  offered  his  services  as  a 
teacher  of  the  French  language.  His  house  was 
contiguous  to  the  Ashmolean  Museum. 
The  writer  then  goes  on  to  recount  the 
robbery,  trial  and  sentence  as  already  de- 
tailed above  (2nd  ed.,  pp.  33-4). 

Had  Marat,  as  some  of  these  quotations 
suggest,  really  a  wife  and  children  ?  At  one 
time  there  were  certainly  rumours  to  that 
effect  current  in  France  (Cabanes,  p.  529)  ; 
but  little  countenance  is  apparently  given  to 
them  by  his  biographers.  Of  mistresses,  of 
course,  we  hear  of  several,  although  one 
only  succeeded  in  evoking  any  definite 
matrimonial  pronouncements.  To  Simonne 
Evrard,  who  had  sheltered  him  in  the 
stormiest  years  of  his  career  and  resigned 
to  him  the  whole  of  her  modest  fortune,  he 
dedicates,  on  Jan.  1,  1792,  the  following 
solemn  gage  : — 

Madlle.  Simonne  Evrard's  beautiful  qualities 
having  captivated  my  heart,  whose  homage  she 
has  received,  I  leave  her  as  a  pledge  of  my  faith 
during  my  forthcoming  voyage  to  London  the 
sacred  engagement  to  give  her  my  hand  at  once 
after  my  return  ;  if  all  my  tenderness  does  not 
suffice  her  as  a  warrant  of  my  fidelity  may  the 
forgetting  of  this  engagement  cover  me  with 
infamy. — Jean  Paul  Marat,  1'Ami  du  Peuple. 
He  did  return,  but  alas,  the  sacred  pledge 
went  unredeemed,  evaporating  in  fine 
words,  a  self -admitted  "infamy"  which 
his  biographers  complacently  transmute  as 
follows  : — 

Do  you  not  recognize  the  exquisite  delicacy  of 
the  signatory,  who,  without  doubt,  had  given  his 
friend  no  hint  of  it,  because  he  well  knew  she 
would  have  refused  to  take  his  promise  ?  (Fleisch- 
mann,  '  Behind  the  Scenes  in  the  Terror,'  pp.  279- 
80). 

Why  poor  Simonne,  whose  greatest  glory  wTas 
to  be  called  "  Marat's  widow,"  should  refuse 
to  become  his  wife,  they  do  not  explain.  Had 
the  offer  been  communicated  to  her,  she 
would  at  least  have  had  that  chance,  and 
Jean  Paul's  memory  might  to  some  extent 
have  been  cleared. 

Coming  now  to  the  Bristol  incidents,  the 
Rev.  Turner  has  told  us  that  Jean  Paul  Marat, 
when  last  heard  of  in  England,  had  set  up  as 
a  bookseller  in  that  city,  that  he  failed,  was 
imprisoned  there  for  debt,  but  was  released 
by  a  benevolent  society,  one  of  whose  mem- 
bers afterwards  recognized  him  in  the 
National  Assembly  at  Paris  in  1792.  On  the 


:  other  hand,  those  of  his  biographers  who  refer 
I  to  the  point  deny  this  story  in  toto  (Cabanes, 
i  p.  48  ;  Morse  Stephens,  Pall  Mall  Magazine, 
I  September,  1896,  p.  83).  Dr.  Cabanes, 
I  indeed,  tells  us  specifically,  on  the  authority 
;  of  Mr.  John  Taylor  (a  former  librarian  at 
|  Bristol),  that,  after  an  exhaustive  search 
;  among  the  local  archives  and  documents 
both  printed  and  in  manuscript,  he  was 
I  unable  to  discover  the  slightest  foundation 
!  for  the  statement.  Nevertheless,  upon  our 
making  still  further  inquiry,  Mr.  Norris 
:  Mathews,  the  present  City  Librarian,  was 
j  able  to  refer  us  to  the  following  entry  on 
i  the  subject  contained  in  John  Latimer's 
i '  Annals  of  Bristol,'  p.  482  :— 

In  December,  1787,  the  local  society  for  the  relief 

j  of  poor  insolvent  debtors  secured  the  release  from 

I  Newgate  of  a  Frenchman  calling  himself  F.  C.  M.  G. 

!  Maratt   Aniiatt,    who   had    practised   in   various 

i  English  towns  as  a  teacher  and  quack  doctor,  and 

had  finally  been  incarcerated  for  petty  debts  in 

Bristol.     The  man  forthwith  disappeared,  and  it 

was  not    until    some    years    later    that    he    was 

identified  in  the  person  of  the  fanatical  democrat 

Jean  Paul  Marat,  who  was  accustomed  to  howl  in 

the  French  Convention  for  the  heads  of  100,000 

|  nobles,  and  whose  infamous  career  was  cut  short 

I  in  1793  by  the  knife  of  Charlotte  Corday. 

j  This  entry,  although  it  does  not  mention  the 

occupation  followed  by  Marat  while  at  Bristol, 

!  furnishes,  on  other  points,  important  con- 

I  firmation  of  the  Rev.  Turner's  note.     Still 

!  more  valuable  corroboration,  however,  is  to 

i  come,  for  in  a  communication  supplied  to 

I '  N.  &  Q.'  in  October,  1862  (3  S.  ii.  317),  and 

!  printed    over   the  initials   of  C.    J.    P.,    we 

read : — 

The   following    is  extracted   from   a   letter    of 
Charles  Joseph  Harford,  Esq.,  dated    Stapleton, 
;  Nov.  26,  1822,  to  the  Rev.  Samuel  Seyer,  author  of 
the  '  Memorials  of  Bristol ' : — ".  .  .  The  infamous 
!  Marat,  stabbed    by  Charlotte  Corday,  once  dis- 
graced this  City  (Bristol)  and  was  unfortunately  re- 
leased from  Newgate  by  the  Society  for  the  relief 
i  of  persons  confined  for  small  debts.     This  I  know 
from  the  late  Mr.  James  Ireland,  of  Brislington, 
who  told  my  father  that,  being  in  Paris,  I  forget 
what  year,   he   went  to  the   National  Assembly 
and  took  his  servant  with  him,  who,  on  seeing 
|  Marat    rise    to    speak,  assured    his    master  with 
astonishment  the  man  was  the  very  person   to 
whom  he  had  often  taken  money  and  victuals 
from  him  when  a  prisoner  in  Bristol  gaol.     I  think 
it  will  be  worth  while  to  look  into  the  books  of  the 
I  Society  to  see  if  a  man  of  the  name  of  Marat,  Le 
!  Maitre,  or  Le  Main,  or  Farlin  de  la  Jan  (?  nearly 
illegible) — for  by  this  last  he  was  French  tutor  at 
i  Warminster — was  released  by  them.       As  I  don't 
;  know  the  year  I  can  give  no  direction  :     but  I 
remember  who  Marat  was,  by  my  father  relating 
what  Mr.  Ireland  had  told  him.  ...  I  will  add 
my  father  saw  this  villain  in  1772  at  Warminster. 
Mr.  Bush  could  remember  him  there.     He  after- 
i  wards  was  a  hairdresser  at  Oxford  ;    robbed  the 


12  s.  x.  JUNE  IT,  1922.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


465 


Ashmolean  Museum  ;  was  taken  in  Dublin,  but 
•convicted  at  Oxford,  and  sent  to  Woolwich  to 
the  hulks.  This  I  prove  thus  :  in  1776  Mr.  Lloyd 
•of  Xewbury  and  the  late  Mr.  J.  S.  Harford  of 
Blaize  Castle,  went  to  London,  where,  among 
other  sights,  they  visited  Woolwich  ;  and  Mr. 
Lloyd  (saw)  his  Warminster  tutor  as  one  of  the 
convicts  wheeling  a  wheelbarrow  and  pointed 
him  out  to  Mr.  Harford. 

In  this  letter,  it  is  to  be  observed, 
"Warminster"  is  obviously  a  mistake  for 
*'  Warrington  "  ;  the  Woolwich  date  should 
in  strictness  be  1777  instsad  of  1776  ;  and  the 
almost  illegible  *'  Fariin  de  la  Jan"  may 
possibly  be  the  "  Fantin  la  Tour  "  referred 
to  by  the  Rev.  W.  Turner  and  Mr.  Bright  in 
their  articles  on  the  Academy. 

SIDNEY  L.  PHIPSON. 
(To  be  concluded.) 


THE     CHESAPEAKE     AND 

SHANNON. 

As  memory  recalled  very  imperfectly  the 
•details  of  the  short  but  brilliant  engagement 
between  the  above-named  American  and 
British  frigates,  to  which  reference  was 
recently  made  (12  S.  ix.  368),  the  following 
particulars  of  it  will  be  read  with  interest. 

The  Chesapeake,  commanded  by  Capt. 
Lawrence  (50  guns,  376  men),  struck  to  the 
'Shannon  (38  guns,  330  men),  commanded 
by  Captain  Philip  B.  V.  Broke,  on  June  1, 
1813,  after  a  severe  conflict  of  eleven  min- 
utes, i.e.,  eleven  minutes  only  having  elapsed 
between  the  firing  of  the  first  gun  and  the 
boarding;  and  in  four  minutes  the  Chesa- 
peake was  the  prize  of  the  Shannon. 

Capt.  Lawrence  died  of  his  wounds. 
Capt.  Broke,  whose  head  was  severely 
injured  by  a  sabre  cut  on  board  the  Chesa- 
peake ("  after  the  men  had  submitted  "), 
recovered,  and  died  a  Rear- Admiral  in  1841. 
For  this  victory  a  baronetcy  was  bestowed 
upon  him,  and  he  was  created  a  K.C.B. 

Whilst  the  engagement  lasted  it  was 
very  fierce.  Sixty  were  wounded,  three 
died  on  board,  and  forty  were  discharged  to 
the  Halifax  Hospital,  where  John  Samwell, 
midshipman  (who  received  a  musket  ball 
through  the  thigh),  and  Wm.  Stevens, 
boatswain  (whose  left  arm  was  amputated 
below  the  elbow  on  account  of  having  had 
his  forearm  nearly  severed),  died  ;  but  there 
is  no  record  of  how  many  succumbed  there 
to  their  wounds. 

The  following,  which  appeared  first  in 
The  United  Service  Gazette,  June  1  (1839), 
gives  the  American  version  of  the  fight, 


and  was  reprinted  in  The  Bermuda  Royal 
Gazette,  from  which  it  is  now  copied.  But, 
before  proceeding  further,  it  were  advisable 
to  state  that,  in  the  first-named  Gazette., 
the  writer  was  reviewing  '  The  History  of 
the  United  States,'  by  John  Fennimore 
Cooper,  but  specially  confined  his  quotations 
therefrom  to  the  action  between  the  Chesa- 
peake and  Shannon. 

P.R.O.,  C.O.  41/1,  Aug.  6,  1839. 

Mr.  Cooper  says,  that  Capt.  Lawrence  entered 
into  this  engagement  against  his  own  inclination 
on  account  of  the  peculiar  state  of  the  ship's 
company,  which  in  the  one  page  he  states  to  have 
been  disaffected,  and  yet  in  the  following  we  find 
these  words — "  The  history  of  Naval  Warfare 
does  not  contain  an  instance  of  a  ship  being  more 
gallantly  conducted  than  the  Chesapeake."  Xo 
mention  is  made  of  the  pleasure  vessels  which 
followed  her  out  of  Boston  to  see  the  British 
"  whipped." 

Capt.  Lawrence  chose  to  lay  his  enemy  fairly 
alongside,  yard-arm  and  yard-arm,  and  he  luffed 
and  ranged  up  a-beam  on  the  Shannon's  starboard 
side.  When  the  Chesapeake's  foremast  was  in 
a  line  with  the  Shannon's  mizen-mast,  the  latter 
ship  discharged  her  cabin  guns  and  the  others  in 
succession,  from  aft  forward.  The  Chesapeake 
did  not  fire  until  all  her  guns  bore,  when  she 
delivered  as  destructive  a  broadside  as  probably 
ever  came  out  of  a  ship  of  her  force.  For  six  or 
eight  minutes  the  cannonading  was  fierce,  and 
the  best  of  the  action  is  said  to  have  been  with 
the  American  frigate,  so  far  as  the  general  effect 
of  the  fire  was  concerned  ;  though  it  was  much 
in  favour  of  the  enemy  in.  its  particular  and  acci- 
dental consequences.  At  the  few  first  discharges 
of  the  Shannon,  Capt.  Lawrence  had  received 
a  wound  in  the  leg.  Mr.  Broom,  the  marine 
officer,  Mr.  Ballard,  the  acting  fourth  lieutenant, 
and  the  boatswain  were  mortally  wounded.  Mr. 
White,  the  master,  was  killed,  and  Mr.  Ludlow, 
the  first  lieutenant,  twice  wounded  by  grape  and 
musketry.  As  soon  as  the  ships  were  foul,  Capt. 
Broke  passed  forward  in  the  Shannon,  and,  to 
use  his  own  language,  "  seeing  that  the  enemy 
was  flinching  from  his  guns,"  he  gave  the  order 
to  board. 

When  the  enemy  entered  the  ship  from  the 
fore- channels,  it  was  with  great  caution,  and  so 
slowly,  that  twenty  resolute  men  would  have 
repulsed  him.  The  boarders  had  not  yet  appeared 
from  below,  and  meeting  with  no  resistance  he 
began  to  move  forward  (having  entered  the 
Chesapeake  from  aft).  This  critical  moment  lost 
the  ship  !  for  the  English,  encouraged  by  the 
state  of  the  Chesapeake's  upper  deck,  now  rushed 
forward  in  numbers,  and  soon  had  the  entire 
command  above  board.  The  remaining  officers 
appeared  on  deck,  and  endeavored  to  make 
a  rally,  but  it  was  altogether  too  late.  The 
enemy  fired  down  the  hatches,  and  killed  and 
wounded  a  great  many  men  in  this  way,  but  it 
does  not  appear  that  their  fire  was  returned. 

How  does  James  meet  this  assertion  ? 
He  shall  speak  for  himself. 

An  unexpected  fire  of  musketry  opened  by  the 


466 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


n?s.  x. 


1922. 


Americans,  who  had  fled  to  the  hold,  killed  a  fine 
Marine,  William  Young.  On  this  Lieut.  Falkiner, 
who  was  sitting  on  the  booms,  very  properly 
directed  three  or  four  muskets  that  were  ready 
to  be  fired  down.  Capt.  Broke  from  his  seat  on 
the  carronade  slide,  told  Lieut.  Falkiner  to 
summon  the  Americans  in  the  hold  to  surrender, 
if  they  desired  quarter.  The  Americans  replied 
we  surrender  ;  and  all  hostilities  ceased. 

The  ultimate  fate  of  the  Shannon's  prize, 
which  may  not  be  generally  known,  is  now 
given. 

P.R.O.,  C.O.  231/1,  Aug.  15,  1840. 

The  Chesapeake,  which  once  floated  disdain- 
fully upon  the  waters  of  the  Atlantic,  is  now 
completely  "  shivered,"  as  to  her  "  timbers," 
which  latter,  together  with  other  portions  of  her, 
have  been  employed  in  the  construction  of  a  corn- 
mill  at  the  village  of  Wickham,  near  Portsmouth. 

The  wood  is  in  good  condition,  and  promises 
to  continue  so  for  some  time  to  come.  Many 
strangers  visit  Wickham  Mill  to  gratify  their 
curiosity. 

Seven  Shannons  have  been  in  commission, 
the  Chesapeake' s  victor  having  been  the 
fourth  to  bear  the  name.  She  became  a 
Receiving  Ship  at  Sheerness.  In  1844  she 
was  renamed  St.  Lawrence  and  broken  up  in 
1859.  E.  H.  FAIRBROTHER. 


MUTATIONS   OF  OLD  RATCLIFFE. 

THE  approaching  State  visit  to  Stepney 
compels  the  reflection  that  it  is  probably 
not  generally  known  that  the  Shadwell 
Park  Memorial  to  King  Edward  VII.  and 
the  Ratcliffe  Cross  Memorial  to  Elizabethan 
pioneers  of  British  on  the  seas  are  both  in 
what  was  once  specifically  part  of  Ratcliffe, 
long  the  hub  of  London  Port.  The  minutes 
of  the  Old  Stepney  Vestry  afford  evide'nce 
of  the  changes  in  the  areas  of  the  local 
governments  in  the  whole  period  when 
revolution  was  afoot  in  Whitehall  and  when 
King,  Parliament,  "  the  City,"  and  other 
authorities  were  manoeuvring  for  dominance 
in  the  Port  of  London  and  the  control  of 
shipping  and  the  armament  of  civil  war. 

Thus  it  is  recorded  that  at  "a  Vestry  for 
Stepney  Parish  held  on  April  13,  1646  (when 
the  end  of  the  first  Civil  War  in  England 
was  looming),  the  election  of  churchwardens 
for  the  current  year  was  proceeded  with. 
Master  John  Moore  was  elected  church- 
warden for  Shadwell ;  Master  William  Ellis 
for  Ratcliffe ;  Master  Thomas  Biggs  for 
"  Lymehou^e  "  ;  Master  Thomas  Grinley  for 
Mile  End ;  Master  William  Hunt  for 
"  Popler."  Captain  John  Ellison  was 
elected  churchwarden  for  Shadwell  at  the 
meeting  of  the  Vestry  of  April  22,  1647. 


For  1648  Master  Humphrey  Stillgoe  was 
elected.  For  1649  Master  William  Cooper 
(presumably  the  Master  of  the  James, 
300  tons,  which  sailed  for  New  England 
about  April  6,  1635,  with  fifty -three  men 
and  women  and  female  children ;  and 
who  was  married  at  Stepney  Church  to 
Ellen  Lambert,  widow,  in  October,  1626). 

At  a  meeting  held  of  the  Stepney  Vestry 
(in  the  house  in  the  churchyard)  on  May  19, 
1641  (the  month  of  the  execution  of  Straf- 
ford),  it  was  set  out  that  the  Hamlet  of 
Ratcliffe  had  of  late 

soe  largely  encreased  by  the  multitude  of  Buildings 
and  number  of  Inhabitants  that  the  well  ordering 
of  the  same  is  found  a  burthen  too  heavie  for 
one  Churchwarden  to  execute. 

It  was  therefore 

ordered  and  decreed,  so  farre  as  in  us  lieth,  that 
in  the  Hamlet  of  Ratcliffe  shal  be  chosen  two 
Churchwardens,  one  in  Ratcliffe,  the  other  upon 
Wapping  Wall  or  elsewhere  thereabouts,  in 
maner  and  forme  as  other  Churchwardens  have 
beene  formerly  chosen,  and  upon  these  conditions 
ensuing. 

These  conditions  include — that  the  two 
churchwardens  for  Ratcliffe  be  taken  but 
as  one  in  the  performance  and  execution  of 
the  office  of  a  churchwarden  of  Ratcliffe  ; 
that  they  shall  content  themselves  with 
such  division,  limits,  and  bounds  as  pro- 
vided, viz.,  the  churchwarden  of  the  original 
Ratcliffe  to  have  for  his  division  Stepney 
White  Horse  Street,  Brooke  Street,  Ratcliffe 
Wall,  Ratcliffe  Street  "  unto  the  Old  Ballast 
Wharf  "  ;  while  the  new  churchwarden  for 
Wapping  Side  was  to  have  for  his  division 
Upper  Shadwell,  Lower  Shadwell,  Ratcliffe 
Highway,  Foxe's  Lane,  Wapping  Wall, 
Pruson's  Island,  King  Street  Wapping,. 
Knockfergus,  and  Old  Gravel  Lane. 

A  reference  to  the  Queen  Anne  map  of 
Joel  Gascoyne  shows  that  the  arrangement 
of  1641  still  roughly  describes  the  Hamlet 
of  Ratcliffe,  with  the  exception  mainly  of 
the  cantle  cut  off  later  to  make  a  parish 
for  the  new  Limehouse  Church  of  1712-24  ; 
whereas  Wapping,  on  the  western  side,  has 
since  been  subdivided  very  considerably. 
Shadwell  was  set  up  "on  its  own  "  in  1669  ; 
St.  George's  East,  on  the  completion  of  its 
church  and  accessories,  in  1730,  and  blossom- 
ing into  an  administrative  Vestry  con- 
spicuous in  Georgian  and  Early  Victorian 
times.  It  may  be  added,  Spitalfields  (Christ 
Church)  was  withdrawn  from  the  League  of 
the  Hamlets  Eastward  of  the  Tower  in 
1729;  Bow  in  1730;  Bethnal  Green  in, 
1740  ;  and  Poplar  in  1820.  Me. 


12  S.  X.  JUNE  17,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


467 


THE  CUTTY  SARK. — References  to  the 
•Cutty  Sark — the  famous  tea  clipper  of  East 
London  dock  associations  in  the  middle 
Victorian  times — are  cropping  up  frequently 
since  the  old  China  flyer  was  discovered,  in 
another  guise,  in  the  Thames  oversea  tramp 
trade  for  account  of  Portuguese  owners. 
A  correspondent  writes  that  Captain  Moody, 
the  Cutty  Sark's  first  skipper — once  a  well- 
known  figure  in  East  London  circles  where 
officer- seamen  assembled  for  business  pur- 
poses— is  still  alive  and  resides  at  Macduff 
House,  Auchtermuchty,  Fifeshire. 

Now  ninety-three  years  of  age,  Captain  Moody 
is  rather  frail  in  body,  but  his  mind  still  takes  an 
active  interest  in  most  matters,  especially  in  his 
renowned  Skimmer  of  the  Seas  and  any  of  the 
surviving  members  of  its  various  crews. 

Mr.  F.  H.  Read,  now  of  Belmont  Park, 
Lee,  writes  : — 

I  was  born  in  Blackwall  in  1857  and  saw,  as  a 
young  man,  a  very  large  number  of  the  ships  that 
visited  the  Thames  and  its  docks,  including  the 
Cutty  Sark.  With  the  early  history  of  Blackwall 
must  be  bound  up  the  goings  and  comings  of  Ra- 
leigh, Drake,  and  other  overseas  explorers.  In 
fact,  in  the  street  in  which  I  was  born,  Blackwall 
Harbour  (long  since  swept  away),  a  house  stood 
that  was  said  to  have  been  inhabited  by  the  great 
Sir  Walter,  and  immediately  opposite,  in  my  day, 
was  the  Artichoke  Tavern,  once  the  rendezvous  of 
our  Ministers  when  they  met  to  partake  of  their 
whitebait  dinners.  j^c 

FLAT  CANDLE. — -MR.  HENRY  LEFFMANN 
writes,  s.v.  c  Dickens's  Literary  Allusions,' 
ante,  p.  437,  "  I  made  an  unsuccessful  at- 
tempt some  years  ago  to  find  out  the  nature 
of  the  '  flat  candle  '  which  Master  Bardell  was 
carrying  when  he  admitted  Mr.  Weller  on 
that  eventful  evening."  In  1918  (12  S.  iv. 
106,  173)  ;'  flat  candle "  was  discussed. 
The  weight  of  evidence  or  opinion  was,  I 
think,  decidedly  in  favour  of  "  a  candle  used 
in  a  flat  candlestick,  one  writh  a  broad  stand 
and  short  stem."  There  were  three  corre- 
spondents who  cited  actually  flat  candles, 
but  as  two  of  them  mentioned  that  such 
candles  were  used  by  cobblers,  and  the  third 
assigned  other  flat  candles  to  stable-work 
and  coach  lamps,  it  would  appear  that  they 
had  nothing  to  do  with  the  ordinary  bedroom 
flat  candle  or  candlestick. 

MK.  ARDAGH,  who  raised  the  question  in 
1918,  asked,  "Where  is  an  illustration  of  one 
to  be  found  ?  "  In  *  Pickwick,'  chap,  xxxv., 
p.  390  of  the  original  edition  : — 

Mr.  Winkle  jumped  out  of  bed  .  .  .  and  hastily 
putting  on  his  stockings  and  slippers,  folded  his 
dressing-gown  round  him,  lighted  a  flat  candle 
from  the  rushlight  that  was  burning  in  the  fire- 
place, and  hurried  down  stairs. 


Facing  the  next  page  is  "  Phiz's  "  plate, 
in  which  may  be  seen  Winkle  holding  the 
extinguished  flat  candle  above  his  head. 

Facing  p.  233,  chap,  xxii.,  is  a  "  Phiz  " 
plate,  in  which  appears  Miss  Witherfield 
"  brushing  what  ladies  call  their  '  back 
hair '."  On  the  dressing-table  is  a  candle- 
stick similar  to  Mr.  Winkle's,  except  that  it 
has  an  extinguisher.  It  is  called  in  the  text 
a  "  candle  "  and  a  "  light."  On  the  floor 
is  a  rushlight  and  shade  in  a  small  basin  of 
wrater. 

One  of  Crow  quill's  "  extra  "  illustrations, 
in  my  copy  of  '  Pickwick  '  facing  p.  381, 
presents  "  Mr.  Winkle  at  door."  The  flat 
candle  which  he  has  in  his  hand  is  the  or- 
dinary broad-bottomed  candlestick  with  a 
short  candle. 

At  12  S.  iv.  173,  the  first  reply  says  that 
the  '  N.E.D.,'  under  '  Flat,  15,'  cuiotes 
from  Dickens  ('  Haunted  House,'  v.  [sic  ?  p.] 
22),  "  a  bedroom  candlestick  and  candle, 
or  a  fla^.  candlestick  and  candle — put  it 
which  way  you  like."  '  The  Haunted  House  ' 
is  the  extra  Christmas  number  of  All  the 
Year  Round,  1859.  Dickens  wrote  the  first 
story  and  the  last,  but  Wilkie  Collins  wrote 
the  fifth,  viz.,  *  The  Ghost  in  the  Cupboard 
Room,'  from  which  the  quotation  is  taken. 
See  the  k  Contents  '  in  '  The  Nine  Christmas 
Numbers  of  All  the  Year  Round,  which  is  a 
re-issue  or  reprint  of  the  numbers  in  volume 
form,  not  dated,  probably  1869  or  1870 
(certainly  not  later  than  1870)  ;  also  see 
*  The  Haunted  House,'  the  first  of  the  nine 
little  volumes  of  the  Christmas  numbers  of 
A II  the  Year  Round,  published  by  Chapman 
and  Hall  in  1907.  ROBERT  PIERPOINT. 

"  DYARCHY." — -We  read  much  about  it  to- 
day in  connexion  with  British  India  ;  but 
the  word  is  not  to  be  found  in  such  diction- 
aries as  I  have  been  able  to  consult.  In 
4  Tacitus  and  Some  Roman  Ideals,'  a  Presi- 
dential Address  delivered  before  the  Philo- 
logical Association  of  the  Pacific  Coast  in 
San  Francisco,  Nov.  29,  1915,  and  printed 
in  The  University  of  California  Chronicle, 
vol.  xviii.,  Mr.  Jefferson  Elmore,  at  p.  65, 
speaking  of  the  relation  of  the  princeps  to 
the  Senate  in  the  time  of  Augustus  says  : — 

For  this  form  of  government ,  which  they  them- 
selves devised,  the  Romans  had  no  special  name, 
but  it  has  been  happily  described  by  Alommsen  as 
a  dyarchy — a  government  of  two  powers.  .  .  . 
We  shall  the  more  readily  comprehend  this  form 
of  government  if  we  reflect  that  the  type  is  re- 
produced for  us  (strangely  enough)  in  the  Ameri- 
can university  of  to-day. 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 


468 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


OLD  LAW  OF  DERBYSHIRE  LEAD -MINING. 
— Of  the  old  laws  of  Derbyshire  lead-mining, 
the  most  interesting  is  the  one  giving,  to 
anybody  who  cares  to  claim  it,  the  full, right 
and  free  ownership  of  any  idle  lead  mine  or 
newly  discovered  lead  vein — on  anybody's 
land — if  the  claimant  is  prepared  to  give 
an  undertaking  to  work  the  mine  or  vein 
thus  claimed.  There  are  a  few  exemptions 
from  this  curious  old  law,  such  as  gardens, 
churchyards,  &c.  The  owner  of  the  soil  at 
the  same  time  must  grant  to  the  claimant 
sufficient  land  for  making  a  cart  road  from 
the  mine  to  the  nearest  highway,  a  right  of 
way  to  the  nearest  stream,  a  site  for  washing- 
ponds,  mine  buildings,  &c.  ;  all  this  without 
any  compensation  whatever.  At  the  same 
time,  also,  the  owner  of  the  soil  must  raise 
no  obstacle  to  the  working  of  the  mine.  The 
proceeding  is  similar  to  that  observed  at  an 
inquest  by  the  coroner  on  a  dead  body,  only 
that  in  the  case  of  a  lead  mine  the  place  of 
the  coroner  is  taken  by  the  King's  officer, 
called  the  Barmaster. 

In  the  March  issue  of  The  Quarry 
Managers'  Journal  a  series  of  articles  has 
been  started  dealing  with  this  subject  and 
illustrated  by  photographs,  one  showing  the 
ceremony  of  claiming  the  free  possession  of 
an  old  lead  mine  in  the  presence  of  the  Bar- 
master  and  a  grand  jury,  the  claimant  being 
represented  in  the  act  of  taking  the  oath  to 
work  the  mine  again.  The  second  photo- 
graph shows  the  Barmaster  handing  to  the 
claimant  a  lump  of  lead  spar,  which  carries 
with  it  all  mining  rights.  L.  L.  K. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries 
in  order  that  answers  may  be  sent  to  them  direct. 


A  DROUGHT. — What  number  of  rainless 
days  constitutes  a  drought  according  to  the 
meteorologist  ?  Is  the  estimate  the  same 
for  the  British  Isles  and  for  the  Continent  ? 
By  what  authority  was  the  definition  settled 
and  when  ?  R.  L. 

THE  LONDON  MOUNTED  POLICE. — A  few 
articles  of  equine  interest  have  recently 
appeared  in  '  N.  &  Q.,'  and  these  encourage 
me  to  inquire  whether  any  reader  can  tell 
me  where  the  fine  horses  of  the  London 
Mounted  Police  are  bred.  Are  they,  or  is 
any  considerable  percentage  of  them,  of 


pedigree  stock  ?  What  strains  are  repre- 
sented among  them  ?  I  should  be  glad  to- 
be  referred  to  any  articles  giving  information 
as  to  the  London  Mounted  Police.  When 
were  they  first  established  ?  L.  A. 

THE  HANDS  OF  A  CLOCK. — In  '  Pickwick,* 
chap,  xxiv.,  I  find  "and  the  small  hand 
of  the  clock  .  .  .  had  arrived  at  the  figure 
which  indicates  the  half -hour."  We  should 
now  say  "  the  long  hand." 

Again,  in  '  Sketches  by  Boz,'  '  Our 
Parish,'  chap,  ii.,  .  .  .  put  the  clock  to- 
gether "in  so  wonderful  a  manner,  that  the 
large  hand  has  done  nothing  but  trip  up  the 
little  one  ever  since."  We  should  now  say 
"  the  short  hand  tripped  up  the  long  one." 

Of  course  in  a  sense  the  short  hand  of 
a  clock  is  larger,  as  it  is  broader,  than  the 
long  hand. 

Can  anyone  say  whether  it  was  usual  to- 
describe  the  hands  of  a  clock  as  Dickens  has 
done  here  ?  B.  B. 

Penzance. 

"  HAMPSHIRE  HOGS." — Does  this  phrase- 
arise  from  .the  specially  bad  manners  of  the 
inhabitants  of  Hampshire,  or  is  it  derived 
from  the  Winchester  '  Trusty  Servant '  ? 
I  understand  it  has  no  connexion  with  the 
latter.  E.  E.  COPE. 

Finchampstead  Place,  Berks. 

WALDEGRAVE  AND  WENTWORTH  FAMILIES. 
— Could  anyone  kindly  tell  me  of  the  re- 
lationship between  Mary,  daughter  of  Sir 
William  Waldegrave  of  Smallbridge,  Co.. 
Suffolk,  who  married  Thomas  Clopton,  Esq., 
of  Kentwell,  Co.  Suffolk;  and  who  died  Dec. 
19,  1599,  and  the  Sir  William  Waldegrave 
of  Smallbridge,  Co.  Suffolk,  who  married 
Margery  \\entworth,  granddaughter  of  Sir 
Roger  Wentworth  of  Nettlestead.  The  last- 
named  Sir  William  Waldegrave  died  in  1524. 
The  Waldegraves  of  Suffolk  have  no  pedigree- 
assigned  to  them  in  Dr.  Howard's  'Visita- 
tions of  Suffolk.'  Where  could  I  find  their 
pedigree  and  that  of  the  Went  worths  of 
Nettlestead  ?  C.  S.  C.  (B/C.). 

JOHN  EMERY'S  SONGS. — In  a  memoir  of 
John  Emery  (1777-1822)  published  in  1822, 
it  is  stated  that  he  had  "  a  taste  for  poetizing 
— as  his  numerous  songs  will  testify." 
Oxberry  mentions  one,  '  The  Yorkshire- 
Rout.'  Can  any  reader  inform  me  if  that, 
or  any  other  of  his  songs,  can  be  found  in 
any  collection.  FREDERICK  HARKER. 

46,  Canoiibury  Square,  N.I. 


12  s.  x.  JUN*  17. 1*22.]      NOTES   AND  QUERIES. 


469 


'  THE  CHURCH  OF  ENGLAND  MAGAZINE.' — 
Who  were  the  editors  of  this  old  and  long 
nourishing  monthly  while  it  lasted  ?  When 
was  it  discontinued  ? 

ANEURIN  WILLIAMS. 

Menai  View,  North  Road,  Carnarvon. 

EVELYN  QUERY  :  PICTURE  BY  MURILLO. — 
Writing  in  his  Diary  on  June  21, 1693,  Evelyn 
mentions  that  at  the  auction  of  Lord  Melford's 
pictures  "  Lord  Godolphin  bought  the  picture 
of  the  Boys,  by  Murillo,  the  Spaniard,  for 
80  guineas,  dear  enough."  Is  anything 
known  of  the  subsequent  history  of  that 
picture  ?  The  fact  that  one  of  Lord  Godol- 
phin's  sons  married  a  daughter  of  the  Duke 
of  Marlborough  just  afterwards  is  slight 
grounds  for  even  suspecting  that  this 
picture  might  be  the  one  entitled  '  Two 
Beggar  Boys  '  alluded  to  in  v  Annals,'  iii. 
1441,  by  Sir  William  Stirling-Maxwell  as 
being  in  the  gallery  at  Blenheim.  I  suppose 
it  is  not  either  of  the  gems  of  the  Dulwich 
Gallery — the  two  Murillo  '  Spanish  Beggar 
Boys,'  the  past  histories  of  which  pictures 
I  have  forgotten,  if  I  ever  knew,  and  at  this 
distance  have  *no  means  of  tracing  off- 
hand. E.  A.  G.  STUART. 

Alor  Star,  Kedah,  Malay  States. 

ANTHONY  WAITE,  a  servant  of  the  Wyke- 
hamist Bishop  of  Chichester,  Robert  Sher- 
borne,  wrote  a  letter  to  Lady  Lisle  telling 
how  Richard  Sampson,  D.C.L.,  and  William 
Reppes  or  Rugg,  Abbot  of  St.  Bennet's, 
Hulme,  were  consecrated  Bishop  of  Chiches- 
ter and  Norwich  respectively  on  Trinity 
Sunday,  June  11,  1536  ('  Letters  arid  Papers 
Hen.  VIII.,'  x.  481).  He  was  probably  the 
Antony  Wayte  who  entered  Winchester  Col- 
lege in  1512,  aged  13,  from  Sparkford 
(Kirby,  'Winchester  Scholars,'  p.  105).  Is 
anything  more  known  of  him  ? 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

COTES  OF  COTES  :  LOOTEN  MONUMENT, 
WESTMINSTER  ABBEY. — Jan  Gideon  Looten, 
a  member  of  a  distinguished  Dutch  family, 
who  had  been  Governor  of  Macassar  and 
Ceylon,  died  at  Utrecht  in  1789,  at  the  age 
of  80.  His  body  was  taken  to  England,  I 
understand,  and  he  was  buried  in  the  Abbey. 
At  any  rate  a  handsome  monument  there 
still  bears  record  of  his  importance.  He  had 
married,  secondly,  when  he  was  57  years  of 
age,  Laetitia  Cotes  of  Cotes,  belonging  to  the 
well-known  Staffordshire  family  of  that ! 
name.  Can  anybody  kindly  tell  me  some- 
thing more  concerning  Laetitia  Cotes  and 
the  reason  why  this  monument  was  erected  | 


in  Westminster  Abbey  to  the  memory  of 
this  worthy  Dutch  Colonial  Governor.  Th& 
monument  is  sculptured  by  Banks. 

W.  DEL  COURT. 
47,  Blenheim  Crescent,  W.  11. 

WADDON. — I  am  getting  together  some 
notes  on  Waddon,  a 'hamlet  near  Croydon.. 
Old  residents  tell  me  that  a  house  now 
destroyed  and  the  site  built  upon  was 
owned  by  a  Mr.  Macdonald  of  The  Times.. 
I  see  in  the  index  to  the  *  D.N.B.'  that  a 
James  Macdonell  (1842-1879),  journalist,, 
was  a  Times  leader-writer.  Could  anyone 
tell  me  if  he  had  a  house  at  Waddon  ? 

I  am  also  told  that  after  Mr.  Macdonald's 
death  the  house  was  bought  by  a  "  Mr. 
Lawrence,"  the  owner  of  Modern  Society. 
Can  any  reader  identify  him  ? 

PRESCOTT  Row. 

The  Old  House,  Waddon,  Surrey. 

HENRY  BLACKET. — He  was  vicar  of 
Boldon,  Co.  Durham,  1770-1808.  Parti- 
culars concerning  him  are  required. 

H.  T.  GILES. 

11,  Ravensbourne  Terrace,  South  Shields. 

JOHN  STACKHOUSE. — He  was  vicar  of 
Boldon  17 18-37.  Particulars  concerning  him 
are  required.  'H.  T.  GILES. 

11,  Ravensbourne  Terrace.  South  Shields. 

CAXTON  ADVERTISEMENT. — I  have  what 
is  considered  to  be  a  facsimile  of  a  Caxton 
advertisement.  It  is  his  best -known  ad- 
vertisement, "  If  it  please  any  man  spiritual 
or  temporal,"  &c. 

About  what  time  were  these  reprints 
made  ?  f 

RONALD  D.  WHITTENBURY-KAYE. 

DOWDING. — William  Dowding,  son  of 
William  Dowding  of  Tunbridge,  Kent,, 
graduated  B.A.  at  Oxford  from  Christ 
Church  in  1763,  and  William  Dowding,  son 
of  William  Dowding  of  Worcester  City,, 
matriculated  at  Oxford  from  Balliol  College,. 
March  3,  1787.  Any  information  about 
these  Dowdings,  who  were  probably  father 
and  son,  would  be  useful.  G.  F.  R.  B. 

DRUMMOND. — Andrew  Drummond  was 
admitted  to  Westminster  School  on  Nov.  11, 
1773,  Edward  Drummond  on  Sept.  15, 
1776,  and  George  Drummond  on  Jan.  23, 
1781.  Can  any  correspondent  identify  these 
three  Drummonds  ?  They  were  probably 
relatives  of  the  banker  of  Charing  Cross. 

G.  F.  R,  B. 


470 


NOTES   AND  QUERIES.       [12  s.  x.  JUNE  IT,  1022. 


THOMAS  DENTON,  son  of  Jeremiah  Denton, 
of  Kirby  Moorside,  Yorkshire,  was  admitted 
on  the  foundation  at  Westminster  School  in  | 
1693,   aged    14.     Particulars    of    his    career 
.and  the  date  of  his  death  are  wanted. 

G.  F.  R,  B. 

DOWNMAN' s  '  LADY  GORDON.' — Downman 
painted  two  portraits  of  a  Lady  Gordon.  \ 
One,  dated  1786,  and  illustrated  in  Dr.; 
Williamson's  monograph  on  Downman,  was 
sold  at  Christie's  to  Mr.  Hodgkins  in  1905 
for  260  guineas.  The  other,  illustrated  in 
The  Connoisseur,  was  shown  at  Shepherd's ' 
Gallery  in  191L  Who  was  this  lady  ?  Or! 
•are  these  two  sisters  ?  Jn  1786  there  were  j 
seven  ladies  all ve  bearing  £he  title  of  Lady  j 
Gordon  : — 

Bradford,  Elizabeth  ;  wife  of  Sir  Samuel 
•Gordon,  Bart.,  of  Newark-on -Trent  ;  d. 
1799. 

Corner,  Hannah  ;  wife  of  Sir  John  James 
Gordon,  Bart.,  who  raised  Gordon's  Horse, 
:now  the  30th  (Indian  Lancers)  ;  d.  1792. 

Finch -Hatton,  Harriet ;  wife  of  Sir  Jeni- 
son  William  Gordon,  Bart.,  of  Newark-on- 
Trent;  d.  1821. 

Holden,  Charlotte  ;  wife  of  the  Rev.  Sir  i 
Adam  Gordon,  Bart.,  of  Dalpholly  ;  d.  1793.  | 

Mylne,  Anne  ;  wife  of  Sir  John  Gordon, 
Bart.,  of  Earlston  ;  d.  1822. 

Westfield,  Sarah  ;  wife  of  Sir  William 
•Gordon,  Bart.,  of  Embo  ;  d.  1819. 

Alsop  (or  Phillipps),  Mary  ;  wife  of  Sir 
William  Gordon,  K.B.  ;  d.  1796. 

I  am  inclined  to  think  the  lady  of  Down- 
man's  portrait   was   the   last   named.     Can ! 
•any  reader  help  to  identify  her  ? 

J.  M.  BULLOCH. 

37,  Bedford  Square,  W.C.I. 

DR.  CROTCH. — In  a  'Life'  of  Dr.  Crotch 
in  my  possession  appears  the  following  : — 

Nov.  1783.  We  went  to  Bath  and  again  met 
Mr.  Burgess,  who  had  a  full-length  -miniature 
taken  of  me  for  himself  by  Rymsdyck. 
I  should  be  most  grateful  if  I  could  obtain 
•any  information  as  to  where-  this  "  full- 
length  miniature  "  is  at  the  present  time. 

A.  H.  MANN. 

CHESTER  MONASTERY. — Dugdale  says  the 
monastery  was  surrendered  Jan.  20,  31 
Henry  VIII.  In  J.  H.  Markland's  edition 
•of  '  The  Chester  Mysteries  '  (1818)  is  "  The 
Proclamation  for  Whitsone  Playes  made 
:24  Henry  VIII."  It  is  there  stated  that 
the  plays  wrere  *'  devised  and  made  by  one 
Sr  Henry  Frances,  somtyme  Moonck  of 
this  monastrey  dissolved."  What  is  the 
•explanation  ?  W.  R.  DAVIES. 


WILLIAM  BRAGGE'S  COLLECTION  OF  BOOKS 
ABOUT  TOBACCO. — This  was  sold  about 
1884-5.  I  should  be  glad  of  information 
about  it,  in  particular  about  No.  107  in 
Bragge's  Bibliotheca  entitled  : — 

Tobacco,  its  History  and  Associations,  Use  and 
Abuse,  &c.,  &c.  A  Collection  of  Prints,  Woodcuts 
and  other  Matter  mounted  in  10  large  folio 
Volumes  (half  green  morocco).  By  A.  W.  Bain, 
1836. 

E.  G.  R.  TAYLOR. 

BROOKE  ARMS. — Which  family  of  Brooke 
bore  the  following  :     Gules,  three  fleurs-de- 
lis  or  :    on  a  chief  argent  a  lion  of  the  first  ? 
RALPH  J.  BEEVOR. 

Reymerston,  St.  Albans. 

"  MOTHER  ANTHONY." — Can  any  reader 
explain  the  reference  to  "  Mother  Anthony  " 
or  "  Dame  Anthony  "  in  the  place-names 
Mother  Anthony's  Well  (Wilts),  Dame 
Anthony's  Green  (Hants)  ?  W.  A.  W. 

"  CANNOT  AWAY  WITH." — What  is  the 
inner  meaning,  and  what  the  grammatical 
structure  of  this  exprassion  ?  The  editor 
of  Coleridge's  '  Table  Talk  '  (ed.  1833)  says, 
in  a  note  to  a  remark  of  that  deep  thinker 
and  talker,  "  Mere  addresses  to  the  sensual 
ear  he  could  not  away  with."  The  same 
curious  phrase  occurs  in  Isaiah  i.  13,  "  The 
calling  of  assemblies,  I  cannot  away  with." 
The  Revised  Version  has  "  I  cannot  away 
with  iniquity,"  which  is  equally  obscure. 
Its  apparent  drift  is  "  I  cannot  abide  it ; 
away  writh  it,"  but  it  is  quite  as  open  to  the 
interpretation  "  I  cannot  rid  me  of  it." 
Are  there  further  instances  of  the  use  of  this 
peculiar  and  archaic  phrasing  ? 

J.  B.  McGovERN. 

St.  Stephen's  Rectory,  C.-on-M.,  Manchester. 

OPINIONS  ON  PKUSSIA  :  REFERENCES  WANTED. 
— James  W.  Gerard,  in  his  book  '  My  Four  Years 
in  Germany,'  pp.  44-45,  says  :  "  More  than  125 
years  ago  Mirabeau,  the  great  French  orator,  at 
the  commencement  of  the  Revolution,  said, 
'  War  is  the  national  industry  of  Prussia.'  Later, 
Napoleon  remarked  that  '  Prussia  was  hatched 
from  a  cannon  ball.'  Shortly  before  the  Franco- 
Prussian  War  of  1870  the  French  Military  Attache, 
in  reporting  to  his  Government,  wrote  that 
'  Other  countries  possessed  an  army,  but  in 
Prussia  the  army  possessed  the  country.'  "  And 
in  his  book,  '  Face  to  Face  with  Kaiserism,'  p. 
107,  he  quotes  Goethe  as  having  said,  "  The 
Prussian  was  born  a  brute  and  civilization  will 
make  him  ferocious." 

I  should  be  glad  to  know  where  these  utterances 
of  Mirabeau,  Napoleon,  the  French  Military 
Attache  and  Goethe  can  be  verified. 

F.  B.  CAVE. 


12  S.  X.  JUNE  17,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


471 


AUTHORS  WANTED. —  1.  I  should  be  very  much 
obliged  if  any  reader  could  tell  me  whence  the 
following  lines  are  taken  :— 
"  Love,  honour,  courage  made  your  record  clean, 

And  grief  is  hushed  in  glorious  pride  of  you." 

L.  'B.  E. 

'2.   I  shall    he  glad  to  learn    the   source   of   the 
following  lines  : — 
*'  I  know  the  night  is  near  at  hand, 

The  mists  lie  low  on  hill  and  bay, 
The  autumn  leaves  are  dewless,  dry  ; 
But  I  have  had  the  day  ! 

Yes,  I  have  had,  dear  Lord,  the  clay  ; 
**•  When  at  thy  call  I  have  the  night, 
Brief  be  the  twilight  as  I  pass 

From  light  to  dark,  from  dark  to  light  !  " 
E.  BASIL  LUPTON. 
10,  Hurnboldt  Street,  Cambridge,  Mass,  U.S.A. 


A    CURIOUS    DEED    OF    OBLIGATION. 

(12S.  x.  402.) 

THE  bond  quoted  by  MB.  SWYNNEKTON 
is  an  interesting  example  of  the  vigilant 
way  in  which  parochial  officials  strove 
to  prevent  persons  becoming  charge- 
able to  their  parish.  The  Statute  of 
Elizabeth,  which  established  our  Poor  Law 
•system,  rendered  each  parish  liable  to 
maintain  its  own  poor,  and  the  local  officials 
were  constantly  on  the  watch  to  prevent  the 
residence  within  their  jurisdiction  of  persons 
who  might  possibly  become  a  burden  on 
the  rates.  Especially  was  objection  made 
to  inmates,  who  are  explained  by  Jacob,  in 
his  '  Law  Dictionary '  as  being 
those  persons  who  are  admitted  to  dwell  with, 
and  in  the  house  of  another,  and  not  able  to 
maintain  themselves.  .  .  .  These  inmates  are 
generally  idle  persons  harboured  in  cottages,  where- 
in it  hath  been  common  for  several  families  to 
inhabit,  by  which  the  poor  of  parishes  have  been 
increased  ;  but  suffering  it  is  an  offence  by  statute, 
liable  to  a  forfeiture  of  10$.  a  month  inquirable 
of  in  the  Court  Leet,  &c." 

A  few  extracts  from  unpublished  local 
records  will  illustrate  the  way  local  au- 
thorities dealt  with  the  matter. 

At  the  Court  Baron  for  the  Manor  of 
Gisburn  in  the  West  Riding  held  on  Jan.  30, 
1636/7,  a  pain  was  laid  by  the  jury  that  if 
any  of  the  inhabitants  harboured  Dorothy 
.Mitton  they  should  forfeit  to  the  lord  10s. 
for  every  month,  and  a  further  pain  was  laid 
that  no  man,  nor  woman,  should  harbour 
any  person,  or  persons,  any.  longer  than  two 
or  three  nights,  unless  needful  occasion 
constrain  them,  under  penalty  for  every 
offence  of  10s. 


At  the  Court  Baron  for  the  Manor  of 
Halton,  near  Lancaster,  held  on  July  4,  12 
James  I.,  the  jury  ordered  that  whoever  kept 
Jennett  Sander  and  Agnes  Sander  after  that 
court  should  forfeit  for  every  week  6s.  Sd.  ; 
that  whoever  kept  Thomas  Woodfield  and 
his  wife  after  that  court  should  forfeit  for 
every  week  6s.  Sd.  ;  that  whoever  kept 
Richard  Lambe  after  that  court  should 
forfeit  6s.  Sd.  ;  and  they  amerced  Thomas 
Barker  6s.  Sd.  for  keeping  Lawrence  Hutton 
and  his  wife. 

At  the  Court  Baron  of  the  same  manor 
held  on  Oct.  26,  16  James  L,  Christopher 
Wales  was  amerced  for  keeping  Arthur 
Harrison  and  his  wife  two  years,  6s.  Sd. 
for  each  year ;  and  Agnes  Denny  was  amerced 
6s.  Sd.  for  keeping  Richard  Milner  and  his 
wife. 

At  the  Court  Baron  of  the  same  manor 
held  on  March  16,  1719/20,  the  jury  ordered 
that  no  tenant  in  the  lordship  should  make 
any  division  of  houses,  or  make  any  sort  of 
housing  anew,  whereby  there  may  be  any 
new  families  taken  thereunto,  upon  penalty 
of£l  19s.  Qd. 

At  a  Court  Leet  for  the  Borough  of 
Clitheroe  held  in  November,  1603,  the  jury 
made  the  following  presentment :  ' '  We  pre- 
sent all  inmates  that  they  void  them  betwixt 
this  and  Saturday  next." 

At  a  Court  Leet  held  on  Oct.  23,  1628, 
the  jury  ordered 

That  William  Bailey,  Smith,  shall  give  suffi- 
cient security  to  the  bailiffs  to  save  the  town 
harmless  from  his  family,  and  also  to  give  the 
town  satisfaction  for  his  trade  between  this  and 
the  next  Court  day  or  depart  out  of  the  town 
under  the  penalty  of  40s. 

(By  the  borough  regulations  no  person 
was  entitled  to  carry  on  any  trade  in  the 
town  unless  he  had  served  an  apprenticeship 
of  seven  years  to  a  person  of  the  same  trade 
in  the  town.  In  any  other  case  he  had  to 
compound  with  the  borough  authorities  for 
permission  to  exercise  his  trade.  Bailey 
was  evidently  an  outsider,  and  he  had  there- 
fore not  only  to  pay  for  being  permitted  to 
set  up  his  trade,  but  he  was  obliged  to  give 
security  that  his  family  should  not  become 
chargeable,  or  else  he  must  quit  the  town.) 

At  a  Court  Leet  held  on  Jan.  17,  1648, 
it  was  ordered 

That  no  man  within  this  town  shall  take  any 
inmates  into  his  house  hereafter  except  he  first 
give  security  to  the  Bailiffs  and  Burgesses  of  this 
town,  under  the  penalty  of  £20. 

And  at  a  subsequent  Court  the  jury 
presented  Mr.  Bailiff  Wood  (one  of  the  heads 


472 


NOTES   AND  QUERIES.       [12S.  x.  JUNH 17, 1922. 


of  the  corporation)  and  five  other  house- 
holders for  not  giving  bond  to  the  town  in 
respect  of  inmates  taken  in  by  them. 

An  illegitimate   child  was   chargeable  to  | 
the  parish  in  which  it  was  born,  and  hence ! 
the     action     of     the     churchwardens     and ' 
overseers    of  the  parish  of  Leonard- Stanley 
in    obtaining    the    bond    in    question,    and 
their   taking   it    from    the    householder,   in 
whose  house  the  child  was  expected  to  be 
born,  was  similar  to  the  practice,  followed 
at    Clitheroe,    of    making    the    householder 
responsible  for  inmates  in  his  house. 

The  bond,  of  course,  bore  the  proper 
stamp  required  by  the  revenue  laws  of  the 
period,  as  without  it  no  court  would  have 
enforced  it.  In  fact  the  stamp  duties 
imposed  on  deeds  and  other  documents 
are  the  price  paid  to  the  State  for  allowing 
them  to  be  legally  enforced.  There  is  nothing 
remarkable  in  the  bi -lingual  character  of  the 
document.  Down  to  the  reign  of  George  II. 
Latin  was  the  language  in  which  legal 
proceedings  were  recorded  in  the  law  courts, 
and  this  example  probably  influenced  law- 
yers with  regard  to  deeds  and  accounts  for 
their  being  in  Latin  till  a  comparatively 
late  period.  Bonds,  however,  were  a 
partial  exception.  The  bond  itself  (that 
is,  that  part  of  the  document  which  created 
the  obligation  to  pay  the  penal  sum)  was, 
like  other  deeds-,  written  in  Latin,  but  the 
condition  appended  to  it  (which  set  forth 
what  the  obligor  had  to  do,  or  abstain  from 
doing,  in  order  to  avoid  the  penalty  men- 
tioned in  the  bond)  was  usually  in  English,  so 
that  the  framer  of  this  bond  only  followed 
the  usual  routine  of  the  period  in  making  it 
bi-lingual.  WM.  SELF-WEEKS. 

Westwood,  Clitheroe. 

Many  such  bonds  would  be  found  in 
parish  chests  which  have  been  allowed  to 
retain  the  accumulations  of  centuries, 
though  the  Latin  version  seems  to  have  been 
abandoned  as  time  went  on.  I  once  sorted 
into  "bundles  a  chaotic  collection  of  old  Poor 
Law  documents  in  a  Staffordshire  chest,  and 
noticed  an  occasional  Latin  word  in  the 
explanatory  deed,  as  if  the  scribe  was  still 
in  the  habit  of  compiling  it  in  Latin,  and 
inadvertently  repeated  a  word  in  the  docu- 
ment intended  for  rustic  use,  e.g.,  in  1699 
John  Simmill  is  described  as  '"  clauifaber 
alias  nailor." 

Among  papers  of  another  class,  the 
Removals  Orders,  I  noted  one  which  con- 
tained a  reference  to  a  clandestine  marriage, 
and  a  curious  name  for  both  the  officiant  and 


his  office.     Thomas  W ,  born  at  Wemr 

deposes  "  that  he  was  married  about  last 
Christmas  to  Mary  G — • — ,  at  Elizabeth 
Stokes's,  widow,  of  the  Liberty  of  Wolver- 
hampton,  by  one  Abednego  Meredeth,  a 
Lawless  Parson."  Dated  1751,  June  15. 

A.  T.  M. 

TAILLESS  CATS  (12  S.  x.  431). — -The  Manx 
cat  came  from  the  Isle  of  Man  originally  and 
is  a  distinct  breed.  In  the  Crimea  is  fount  I 
another  kind  of  cat  which  has  no  tail- 
These  particulars  are  given  in  '  Concerning 
Cats,'  by  Helen  M.  Winslow  (1900),  printed 
in  Norwood,  Mass.,  U.S.A.,  and  published 
in  London  by  David  Nutt.. 

H  PROSSER  CHANTER. 
Whetstone,  X.20. 

In  Simpson's  '  Book  of  the  Cat  '  (London, 
1903),  chap.  xxii.  is  given  up  to  a  considera- 
tion of  Manx  cats,  and  it  is  there  stated 
"  that  a  Manx  cat  of  the  true  type  should 
have  no  particle  of  tail — only  a  tuft  of  hair 
which  ought  to  be  boneless."  The  author 
does  not  mention  throughout  the  whole  of 
her  exhaustive  work  any  other  breed  of 
cat  without  a  tail,  and  presumably  there 
is  no  other,  although  she  quotes  from 
Gambler  Bolt  on  the  tradition  that  one  of 
the  vessels  of  the  Spanish  Armada,  sinking 
near  the  Isle  of  Man  in  the  memorable 
year  1558,  had  some  tailless  cats  on  board 
which  had  been  procured  during  one  of 
the  vessel's  voyages  to  the  Far  East.  These 
cats  swam  to  the  rocks  and  made  their  way 
to  shore,  and  from  them  have  sprung  all 
the  Manx  cats  to  be  found  in  many  parts  of 
Great  Britain  and  elsewhere. 

ARCHIBALD  SPARKE. 

APPRENTICES  TO  AND  FROM  OVERSEAS 
(12  S.  x.  429). — •'"  Soulgrace  "  is  an  error  for 
Soulegre.  The  father  died  in  London  in 
1760,  aged  94.  and  the  apprentice  was  buried 
May  1,  1726,  in  St.  Stephen's,  Walbrook. 
V.  L.  OLIVER,  F.S.A. 

PRISONERS  WHO  HAVE  SURVIVED  HANG- 
ING (12  S.  vii.  68,  94,  114,  134,  173,  216,  438  ; 
viii.  73  ;  ix.  18). — The  case,  noticed  in  the- 
original  query,  of  Anne  Greene,  hanged  and 
recovered  at  Oxford,  is  additionally  interest- 
ing, not  only,  as  noted  by  your  querist, 
through  being  celebrated  in  verse  by  Chris- 
topher Wren,  then  a  gentleman  commoner 
at  Oxford,  but  also  because,  if  the  entry  in 
John  Evelyn's  Diary  of  March  22,  1675,  may 
be  presumed,  as  it  always  is,  I  think,  to  refer 
to  the  same  event,  the  resuscitator  was  that 


12  s  x. 


17,  1922.]       NOTES   AND  QUERIES, 


473 


notable    celebrity    and    ingenious    inventor, 
mentioned  passim  by  Evelyn  in  his  Diary, 
Sir  William  Petty.    '      E.  A.  G.  STUART. 
Alor  Star,  Kedah,  Malay  States. 

EIGHTEENTH -CENTURY  GERMAN  PRINCI- 
PALITIES (12  S.  x.  371,  415).— Reference  may 
be  made  to  William  Bet  ham's  '  Genealogical 
Tables  '  (1795).  Table  524  is  '  The  Old  and 
New  Partition  of  Anhalt  with  the  House 
of  Anhalt- Zerbst.'  The  next  is  '  Continua- 
tion of  the  last  Table  with  the  New  Partition 
of  Anhalt.'  The  first  of  '  The  Line  of  Zerbst 
and  Coethen  '  is  Sigfrid,  Prince  of  Anhalt 
Zerbst,  Dessau,  and  Coethen,  1299  or  1310. 
The  last  is  Frederic  Augustus,  born  1734. 

According  to  Betham  (Table  446)  the 
father  of  Sophia,  wife  of  Charles  William, 
Prince  of  Anhalt-Zerbst,  was  Augustus, 
Archbishop  of  Magdeburg,  Duke  of  Saxe- 
Weissenfels  and  Saxe-Halle. 

ROBERT  PIERPOINT. 

SALAD  (12  S.  x.  389,  436).— 

According  to  the  Spanish  proverb,  four  persons 
are  wanted  to  make  a  good  salad  :  a  spendthrift 
for  oil,  a  miser  for  vinegar,  a  counsellor  for  salt, 
and  a  madman  to  stir  all  up.  ( '  The  Art  of  Dining,' 
by  Abraham  Hayward,  Q.C.  ;  see  his  Essays,  1858, 
vol.  ii.,  p.  427.  The  second  edition  of  '  The  Art 
of  Dining  '  is  dated  1853.) 

This  proverb  (again  in  English  only)  is 
reproduced  in  '  Hints  for  the  Table  '  (Anon., 
1859),  p.  33. 

Vincent  Stuckey  Lean,  in  '  Lean's  Collec- 
tanea '  (1902,  vol.  i.,  p.  496),  quotes  from 
Giovanni  Torriano,  '  Piazza  Universale  di 
Proverbi  ;  or,  A  Commonplace  of  Italian 
Proverbs  and  Proverbial  Phrases'  (1666), 
"  A  far  un  insaluta,  ci  vuol  un  prodigo,  un 
bisbettico  ed  un  avaro."  This  may  be 
translated— For  making  a  salad  one  wants  a 
spendthrift,  a  madcap  and  a  miser. 

Bisbettico  (spelt  bisbetico),  according  to 
Baretti's  '  Dizionario  Italiano  ed  Inglese,' 
means  "  maggot -headed,  maggot-pated, 
whimsical,  full  of  whims." 

In  '  Proverbi  Toscani,'  raccolti  da  Giuseppe 
Giusti,  ampliati  da  Gino  Capponi  '  (1873, 
p.  377),  is  the  following  : — 

L'insalata  vuole  il  sale  da  un  sapiente,  1'aceto 
da  un  avaro,  1'olio  da  un  prodigo,  rivoltata  da 
un  pazzo  e  mangiata  da  un  affamato. 

This  same  proverb  in  Venetian  is  given  in 
*  Raccolta  di  Proverbi  Veneti,'  fatta  da 
Cristofero  Pasqualigo  (sec.  ed.,  1879,  p. 
299)  as  follows  :— 

La  salata  vol  el  sal  da  un  sapiente,  1'aseo  da 
un  avaro,  1'ogio  da  un  prodigo,  missiada  da  un 
mato  e  magnada  da  un  afania.  (A  salad  wants 


salt  from  a  wise  man,  vinegar  from  a  miser,  oiE 
from  a  spendthrift,  stirred  by  a  madman  and 
eaten  by  a  hungry  man.) 

ROBERT  PIERPOINT. 

i 

I  suppose  MR.  GREENE  knows  what  Ford 
j  says  in  '  Gatherings  from  Spain'  (chap,  xi., 
!  p.  147,  in  Everyman's  Library).  I  think  the 
|  date  of  Ford's  travels  was  about  1840. 

HARRY  K.   HUDSON. 

SEA-SERPENT  STORIES  (12  S.  ix.  210,  274, 
318,  394). — To  the  information  previously 
given,  add  the  sea-serpent  story  by  Kipling, 
entitled  '  A  Matter  of  Fact/  in  '  Many 
Inventions.'  H.  K.  ST.  J.  S. 

"SAPIENS  DOMINABITUR    ASTRIS  "   (12  S. 
j  ix.    509  ;     x.    12). — The    following    allusion 
I  has  not  yet  been  adduced  on  this  subject 
and  may  be  of  interest  : — 

The  Poet  sayeth,  that  "  the  wise  man  shall 
rule  even  over  the  stars,"  much  more  over  the 
earth  (Spenser,  '  A  View  of  the  Present  State  of 
Ireland,'  §3). 

H.  K.  ST.  J.  S. 

THE  WOE  WATERS  OF  WHARRAM-LE- 
STREET  (12  S.  ix.  430;  x.  295). — Anyone 
interested  in  this  should  compare  the 
Woeburn,  located  by  R.  Blackmore  near 
Steyning,  in  Sussex,  '  Alice  Lorraine,' 
chap.  Iv.  H.  K.  ST.  J.  S. 

"  LOVE  "  IN  PLACE-NAMES  (12  S.  x.  130). — 
Isaac  Taylor,  *  Words  and  Places  '  (p.  431, 
Everyman's  Lib.  ed.),  gives  Lofings  as  a 
family  and  examples  of  their  places  of 
settlement — Lovington,  Soms.  and  Essex, 
also  Louvagny  in  Normandy,  &c.  There  was 
a  Loveney  Hall  in  Essex.  I  suppose  the 
Lovington,  Essex,  is  the  estate  in  Great 
Yeldham.  Morant  says  the  .owner  was 
Governor  of  Quebec.  I  dare  say  Lovington, 
Illinois,  U.S.,  took  its  nante  from  the  Essex 
estate,  as  did  Springfield,  Illinois,  from 
Springfield,  Essex.  A.  M.  C. 

BREDON  HILL  (12  S.  x.  390). — There  is 
a  poem  entitled  '  Bredoii  Hill,'  of  seven 
verses  with  five  lines  each,  in  A.  E.  Hous- 
man's  '  A  Shropshire  Lad  '  (London,  1896), 
and  others  about  the  neighbourhood  will  be 
found  in  the  same  volume. 

ARCHIBALD  SPARKE. 

On  applying  to  Chappell's,  50,  New  Bond 
Street,  one  can  get  a  copy  of  '  In  Summer- 
time on  Bredon,'  a  beautiful  song,  bearing 
the  name  of  author  and  composer.  It  was 
much  sung  by  the  late  Gervase  Elwes, 
and  often  recited  to  the  same  music  by 
Henry  Ainley.  FRANK  LAMBERT. 


474 


NOTES   AND  QUERIES.       [is  arx  *».  17,  im. 


RAYMENT  (ENG.)  (12  S.  x.  391). — A  book- 
plate in  my  possession  bears  the  following 
•arms  :  Azure,  an  eagle  displayed,  on  a  chief 
embattled  argent  three  torteaux. 

R.  E.  THOMAS. 

LONDON  INNS  :  THE  COCK  IN  SUFFOLK 
STREET  (12  S.  x.  371).— Can  it  be  that 
W.  H.  QUARRELL  is  referring  to  the  Cock 
Tavern  in  Bow  Street  ?  It  seems  to  have 
been  Anthony  Wood  who  made  public 
Pepys's  (suppressed)  account  of  the  events 
•at  "  The  Cock  "  in  Bow  Street,  in  which 
Sir  Charles  Sedley  played  a  leading  part. 
Here,  also,  Sir  John  Coventry  supped  before 
being  attacked  and  getting  his  nose  slit  on 
his  way  to  his  house  in  Suffolk  Street. 
These  notes  are  gathered  from  Leigh  Hunt's 
'  The  Town  '  and  Cunningham's  '  Hand- 
book,' in  the  latter  of  which,  under  '  Bow 
Street,'  the  house  in  Suffolk  Street  is  stated 
to  be  "  his  brother's,"  but  under  '  Suffolk 
Street,'  "  his  own."  Thus  all  the  names  but 
that  of  Bishop  Carleton  are  found  in  relation 
to  "  The  Cock  "  in  Bow  Street. 

WALTER  E.  GAWTHORP. 

16,  Long  Acre. 

ADRIAN  STOKES  (12  S.  x.  409). — See  Wilt- 
shire Notes  and  Queries,  vol.  vi.  V.  L.  O. 

MOUNT  MORGAN  (12  S.  x.  408).— In  The 
Times  some  years  ago  there  was  a  very 
interesting  article  on  this  subject  entitled 
'A  Mountain  of  Gold.'  I  regret  I  cannot 
recall  the  date.  J.  DE  BERNIERE  SMITH. 

[The  article  appeared  in  The  Times  for  Jan.  1, 
1 909. J 

PUDENS  (12  S.  x.  410).— Further  refer- 
ences to  Pudens  in  Martial's  '  Epigrams  ' 
will  be  found  in  i.  31,  v.  48,  vi.  58.  R.  F. 

ARMS  AND  CREST  :  LLANGOLLEN  (12  S.  x. 
410). — The  first  quartering  is  that  borne  by 
Llowdden,  Lord  of  Uch  Aeron  and  his 
•descendants.  The  three  Danish  axes  were 
borne  by  a  family  named  Danes,  or  Daneys, 
perhaps  descended  from  Madog  Danwr, 
though  the  arms  borne  by  him  were  the 
black  lion  of  Powys  in  a  border  gules  entoyre 
of  estoiles. 

The  sun  in  splendour  is  borne  by  many 
families,  but  if  MR.  PRICE  finds  the  par- 
ticular descendant  of  Llowdden,  Lord  of 
Uch  Aeron,  the  other  quarterings  will  easily 
be  found,  as  Welsh  family  pedigrees  are  well 
kept.  I  have  not  sufficient  books  here  to 
give  him  the  information.  E.  E.  COPE. 


HERALDIC  :  IDENTIFICATION  OF  ARMS 
SOUGHT  (12  S.  x.  410). — The  arms  are 
Fawsett  of  South  Lincolnshire  ;  the  other — 
Az.  a  cross  engrailed — may  be  either  Stough- 
ton,  Baronet  (Co.  Surrey,  Gloucester  or 
Ireland),  Stanton,  or  Staunston — all  prob- 
ably the  same  derivation,  but  with  variants 
in  spelling.  Or  it  may  be  Tindall,  a  Scotch 
family.  I  believe  it  to  be  the  first.  A 
pedigree  of  the  family  will  confirm  my 
suggestion.  I  quote  from  my  private 
Heraldic  Dictionary.  E.  E.  COPE. 

The  arms  inquired  for  are  those  of  the 
Fawset  family  of  Bellingsby,  in  Lincolnshire, 
impaling  Stoughton  of  Sussex  and  Surrey, 
&c.  I  am  not  able  to  trace  the  connexion 
between  the  two  families. 

H.  J.  B.  CLEMENTS. 

"DOWLE"  (12  S.  x.  209). — This  term 
seems  to  be  used  of  a  r6om  that  was  adjacent 
to  the  "  great  and  middle  chambers  "  of  a 
mansion,  and  so  may  be  taken  to  denote  a 
chamber  divided  from  another  room,  as  in 
the  case  of  a  dressing  room  ;  see  '  N.E.D.,' 
s.v.  "  dole1,"  signification  8. 

It  might,  however,  signify  a  mourning 
parlour  or  room  in  which  a  corpse  was  laid 
out,  according  to  "  doles,"  from  Fr.  deuil, 
grief  ;  though  the  dictionary  does  not  give 
an  example  of  such  usage.  X.  H. 

"  INTUE  "  (12  S.  x.  410). — There  are  four 
quotations  for  this  verb  in  the  '  N.E.D.,' 
the  first  dated  1860.  There  are  also 
"intuem,"  what  is  intued  (1860);  "  in- 
tuence,"  insight  (1616);  and  "  intuent," 
that  knows  by  intuition  (1865).  J.  T.  F. 

Winterton,  Lines. 

This  verb  may  be  a  bastard  coinage,  but 
surely  the  writer  quoted  meant  more  than 
"  perceive."  Intuition  as  a  theological 
term  means  instinctive  or  at  least  immediate, 
penetration  of  truth.  And  "  to  intue  "  is 
not  a  much  uglier  word  than  "  to  intuit," 
which  would  seem  to  be  the  alternative. 

A.  T.  M. 

The  first  quotation  in  the  '  N.E.D.'  for 
this  word  is  from  W.  G.  Ward's  *  Nature  and 
Grace,'  i.  40  (1860).  Vaughan's  '  Life  and 
Labours  of  St.  Thomas  of  Aquino '  was, 
I  believe,  not  published  until  1870.  The 
word  apparently  had  some  vogue  for  a  time, 
as  shown  by  other  quotations  in  the  '  N.E.D.' 
The  '  Life  of  M.  M.  Hallahan  '  (1869)  referred 
to  it  as  a  modern  coinage  ;  The  Contemporary 
Review,  in  December,  1874,  quoted  it  as  one 


12  s.  x.  JUNE  17.  1922.]       NOTES   AND  QUERIES. 


475 


of  Dr.  Ward's  strange  phrases.     The  latest 
quotation  is  from  J.  Martineau's  '  Study  of 
Religion'  (1888).        L.  R.  M.  STRACHAX. 
Birmingham  University. 

SUBSCRIPTIONS    FOR   POLISH   DISSIDENTS 
(12  S.  x.  430). — I  have  a  hazy  recollection 


for  the  name  of  Hulbert  in  the  Norman 
period.  I  should  say  none,  if  I  were  not 
prepared  to  be  better  instructed  at  any 
moment,  and  if  I  had  not  found  Foubert 
and  Fulbert  used  indifferently  at  that 
period.  Personally,  I  should  have  expected 
to  find  Hubert  written  Houbert  or  Hulbert 


that  I  have  come  across  some  church  briefs  (  when    Raufe  became    Ralfe,   Uccombe  Ul- 
soliciting  contributions  towards  this^fund.       combe,  Auferiston  Alfriston,  Hausted  Hal- 

sted,  and  Ruvenden  from  Rouvenden  became 
Rolvenden     (whence,     between     1087     and 


L.  L.  K. 

EQUILINEAR  SQUARES  (12  S.  x.  428). — 
The  usual  name  for  these  is  "  magic  squares." 
There  are  quite  a  number  of  books  dealing 
with  them.  Some  of  these  books  are  in 
the  Patent  Office  Library  classified  under 
'  Mathematical  Recreations  '  or  some  such 


title. 


L.  L.  K. 


HUBERT  DE  RIE  AND  FULBERT  OF  DOVER 


1700,  Hubert  evolved  into-  Houbard,  Hoi- 
bard  and  Hulbert),  but  in  an  early  charter 
of  Cumbwell  Abbey,  date  1168,  Hubert  the 
Hunter  appears  as  "  Holbertus  venator." 
However,  that  is  not  Norman,  but  only 
early  Angevin.  Still,  MR.  WHITE  will  note 
that  in  this  case  the  scriptor  has  not  followed 
"  regular  Latin  "  and  rendered  Hubert  as 


J.J.U  rsnirvj.    JLJ.CI   xvAJi.   A.LN.L»    a:  U-urs.n,xv  j.    vjr    _i_/i_»  v  XL..EV  i  -rr    T~  _,  j  i  1111 

(12  S.   x.    388,   436).-The  hunting  of  this  Hubertus,  and  many  unlearned  clerks  have 

particular  Snark  has   led  MR.  WHITE  into  smce  c°Pied  ms  bad  examPle- 

depths    and     shallows    where     I   can   only  I  maY  add  that  whether  spelt  Foubert  or 

follow  after  removing  one  or  two  red  herrings  Fulbert,  Hubert  or  Hulbert,  the  pronuncia- 

which  threaten  to  put  us  off  the  track.  tlon  was  the  same>  the  "       '  b^mg  mute,  or 


"  Unfortunately,"  he  says,  "  '  son  of 
Hubert- '  would  appear  in  Latin  as  filius 
Huberti,  not  as  Fulbertus,"  which,  though 


at  most  only  lengthening  the  preceding 
vowel,  as  in  the  place  and  personal  names 
quoted  above,  and  in  many  family  names, 


hardly  a  misfortune,  is  quite  true  if  one  be  j  as  Colveney,  Caldwell,  Greenhalgh,  Albery 
dealing  with  Latin  ;  and  "  son  of  Hugo  "  j  for  Aubery,  &c.  PERCY  HULBURD. 

would,  I   may  add,  also,  be  filius  Hugonis.  | 

But  we  are  trying  to  discover  what,  tempo  EARLY  VICTORIAN  LITERATURE  (12  S.  x.. 
William  the  Conqueror,  his  Norman  subjects  |  210,  273,  332,  372,  417,  458).— The  intro- 
called,  colloquiaUv,  the  sons  of  Hubert  and !  duction  of  the  name  of  John  Frederick 
of  Hugh.  They  did  not  talk  among  them-  Smith  into  this  correspondence  by  Mr. 
selves  in  Pipe  Roll  Latin.  In  later  days  i  ANDREW  DE  TERNANT,  on  the  authority  of 
they  called  FitzHugh  "  FeHewe,"  and  by  my  old  friend  the  late  Mr.  Thomas  Catling, 
analogy  we  may  assume  they  called  Fitz- '  is  of  the  more  interest  because  that  volu- 


Hubert  "'  FeHubert."  The  only  question 
of  interest  is,  did  they  call  him  "  FeHubert  " 
before  the  Conquest  ?  If  so,  the  Christian 
name  Foubert  mav  have  been  in  some 


minous  but  very  minor  Victorian  writer, 
though  unknown  to  the  very  comprehensive 
'  D.N.B.,'  had  the  distinction  of  being 
remembered  bv  Robert  Louis  Stevenson. 


instances  derived  from  it,  even  if  in  other  In  chap.  iv.  of  R.  L.  Stevenson  and 
cases  it  had  a  different  Teutonic  source.  Lloyd  Osbourne's  capital  burlesque  story. 

MR.  WHITE  speaks  of  Foubert  "  forgetting  '  The  Wrong  Box,'  there  is  the  passage  : 
his  Christian  name,"  and  of  a  Foubert  in  the  "  It  has  been  remarked  by  some  judicious 
Dover  family  whose  father's  name  was  John,  thinker  (possibly  J.  F.  Smith)  that  Pro- 
not  Hubert.  In  1086  all  personal  names  vidence  despises  to  employ  no  instrument, 
were  font-names,  or  nicknames,  and  when  however  humble."  The  second  chapter 
a  man  was  called  Probyn  because  he  was  had  opened  with  the  observation,  similarly 
Ap  Robin,  he  was  not  precluded  from  having  \  reminiscent  of  the  then  remembered  but 
relations  of  the  name  of  Thomas.  Professor  !  now  forgotten  popular  Victorian  tale  - 
Weekley  has  given  us  many  a  more  curious  spinners  :  "Some  days  later,  accordingly, 
compound  for  a  font -name  than  Fi  Is  Hubert  j  the  three  males  of  this  depressing  family 
or  "  FeHubert,"  for  a  son  or  grandson  of  (  might  have  been  observed  (by  a  reader  of 
Hubert  who  may  well  have  preferred  to ]  G.  P.  R.  James)  taking  their  departure 
christen  his  own  son  John,  or  Hugh,  as  did  j  from  the  East  Station  of  Bournemouth. 'r 
the  first  Fulbert  of  Dover.  I  -  G.  P.  R.  James,  of  "  three  horsemen 

MR.  WHITE  asks  what  authority  there  is  might  have  been  seen  '*  renown,  ever  men- 


476 


NOTES   AND   QUERIES. 


,,2  s.  x. 


tioned  even  in  satire  now  ?  *  The  Wrong 
Box  '  was  published  in  1889,  and  it  is  the 
latest  such  notice  I  have  yet  seen.  But  I 
recall  one  of  fifteen  years  earlier  in  the 
pantomime  of  '  Little  Boy  Blue,'  written  by  ! 
O.  V.  Keast  for  J.  R.  Newcombe's  production 
at  the  Theatre  Royal,  Plymouth,  at  the 
Christmas  of  1874,  the  "  principal  boy  " 
entering  with  the  lines  : — 

Here  have  I  come,  mile  after  weary  mile, 
Quite  in  the  good  old  G.  P.  R.  James's  style. 

It  was  something,  after  all,  to  have  in- 
vented a  "  style  "  even  if  only  one  to  be 
gibed  at.  Who  among  our  minor  tale- 
writers  can  claim  to  have  done  the  like 
now.  ALFRED  ROBBINS. 

YORKSHIRE  USE  OF   "  THOU  "   (12  S.   x.'i 
408,   456). — In  country  parts  of  Somerset,  | 
for    a    child    to    address    its    parents    with  | 
"  thou  "    and   "  thee  "   is  still  regarded  as  j 
most  insulting.     I  recently  heard  a  mother 
call  her  boy,  aged  perhaps  about  12  or  13, 
to  come  into  the  cottage.     "  What's  thou 
calling  I  for  ?    Thee  get  inside  thyself,"  was 
the  impudent  reply.     "  Do  yer  '  thou  '  and 
'  thee  '    I  ?  "    she    answered   angrily.     "  I'll 
learn  yer  to  '  thou  '  and  '  thee  '  when  I  can 
ketch  yer  !  "  ETHELBERT  HORNE. 

AMERICAN  CIVTL  WAR  (12  S.  x.  431).— 
'  Men  and  Things  I  saw  in  Civil  War  Days,' 
by  James  F.  Rusling,  A.M.,  LL.D.,  Brigadier- 
General  (by  Brevet),  United  States  Volun- 
teers (New  York,  Eaton  and  Minns  ;  Cin- 
cinnati, Curtis  and  Jennings ;  1899,  8vo, 
pp.  411),  is  full  of  first-hand  information  for 
the  whole  time  from  1861  to  1867. 

J.  T.  F. 

Winterton,  Lines. 

THE  BIRMINGHAM  HARCOURTS  (12  S.  x. 
409). — A  few  years  ago  my  wife  and  I  had 
occasion  to  take  a  trip  to  Australia  and  New 
Zealand,  and,  knowing  that  tjiere  were  a 
number  of  Harcourts  in  these  countries,  we 
made  a  point  of  looking  them  up.  One  of 
them,  Mr.  Otto  Harcourt  of  Melbourne, 
being  greatly  interested  in  the  family 
Tiistory,  had  made  a  genealogical  tree  dating 
from  Bernard  the  Dane,  A.D.  876,  illustrated 
wnth  the  various  coats  of  arms,  which  he 
showed  to  us.  I  feel  sure  that  if  H.  B.  were 
to  address  a  letter  to  Mr.  Otto  Harcourt, 
Melbourne,  Australia,  the  latter  would  be 
pleased  to  give  him  any  information  which 
he  may  ask  for. 


I  may  say  that  my  wife's  father  was  a 
Birmingham  man  (George  Harcourt),  who 
settled  in  Toronto,  Canada,  when  quite  a 
young  man.  ALFRED  D.  ZAIR. 

Lismoyne,  Lydford,  Devon. 

HUNGARY  WATER  (12  S.  x.  409). — Accord- 
ing to  '  Chambers's  Cyclopaedia'  (1727-41) 
this  was  a  distilled  water  called  after  a  Queen 
of  Hungary,  for  whose  use  it  was  prepared. 
It  was  made  of  rosemary  flowers  infused  in 
rectified  spirit  of  wine  and  thus  distilled. 
Recent  authors  (beginning  of  the  nineteenth 
century)  state  that  the  Queen  was  the 
consort  of  Charles  I.  of  the  Anjou  dynasty 
(1310-1342).  In  the  '  Complete  Family 
Piece'  (London,  1736)  the  receipt  is  given  : — 

Take  Flowers  of  Rosemary  20  Ounces,  rectified 
Spirit  of  Wine  30  Ounces.  Let  them  infuse  for 
some  Days  ;  then  draw  off  as  much  as  there  was 
Spirit  put  on  [or  rather  as  much  as  you  can]. 

L.    L.    K. 

An  aromatic  water  of  the  class  of  perfumes 
comprising  simple  solutions  of  volatile  oils, 
being  represented  by  eau-de-Cologne  as  a 
type.  Here  are  the  constituents  for  the 
manufacture,  of  lib.  :  Niobe  oil,  1'dr.  ; 
Meroli  oil,  3|dr.  ;  Rose  oil,  artificial,  7^dr.  ; 
Melissa  oil,  4oz.  ;  Lemon  oil,  4^oz.  ;  Rose 
extract,  7oz.  (6clr.  per  pound). 

ARCHIBALD  SPARKE. 

This  is  made  of  rosemary,  sage  and  spices  ; 
so  called  because  the  receipt  was  given  by  a 
hermit  to  the  Queen  of  Hungary. 

AY.  A.  HUTCHISON. 

"  Hungary  water.  Aquce  regince  Hun- 
garice.  A  pure  spirit  distilled  from  the 
rosemary,  and  strongly  scented  with  the 
rich  perfume  of  that  aromatic  plant  " 
(' A  Dictionary  of  Terms  used  in  Medicine 
and  the  Collateral  Sciences,'  by  Richard  D. 
Hoblyn,  M.A.Oxon,  1885,  p.  213). 

Edward  T.  Blakeley,  in  'A  Handy  Dic- 
tionary of  Commercial  Information,'  1878, 
p.  212,  writes :  "  Hungary  water.  Water 
distilled  from  the  tops  of  Rosemary  flowers 
with  some  spirits  of  wine." 

ROBERT  PIERPOINT. 

OLDEST  HALFPENNY  EVENING  NEWS- 
PAPER. (12  S  x.  330,  436). — The  Bolton  Even- 
ing News  has  long  been  considered  the  oldest 
halfpenny  evening  newspaper,  and  there  is 
a  recognition  of  its  claim  in  "  The  Street  of 
Ink,'  by  H.  Simonis  (1917).  MR.  NOBLE  is 
entirely  astray  in  stating  that  The  Echo  was 


1-2  S.  X.  JUNE  17. 


NOTES   AND  QUERIES. 


published  t;  between  October,  1864,  and 
July,  1865."  One  would  expect  to  find 
a  reference  in  '  The  British  Almanac  and 
Companion  '  to  such  an  important  depar- 
ture in  journalism,  but  the  issues  for  1869 
and  1870  are  silent.  However,  the  exact 
date  of  The  Echo  is  forthcoming  in  '  Notes 
by  the  Way,'  which  signalized  the  approach 
of  '  N.  &  Q.'s  '  sixtieth  year.  There  is  given 
a  generous  appreciation  of  the  first  London 
halfpenny  newspaper,  and  it  is  stated  that 
the  publication  of  the  first  number  of  The 
Echo  was  Dec.  8,  1868.  The  Echo  was  the 
cause  of  the  establishment  of  the  halfpenny 
post.  Mr.  A.  J.  Mundella,  soon  after  his 
election  for  Sheffield,  in  1868,  spoke  in  the 
House  in  favour  of  the  reduction  of  postal 
charges  and  produced  a  copy  of  The  Echo  to 
support  his  argument,  stating  that  it  was 
absurd  to  charge  a  penny  for  delivering  a 
halfpenny  paper  from  one  side  of  London  to 
the  other.  The  reduction  soon  followed. 
H.  PBOSSER  CHANTEB. 
Whetstone,  X.20. 

BARBEL  OBGANS  IN  CHUBCHES  (12  S.  x. 
209,  254,  316,  353,  398,  437).— These  gene- 
rally date  between  1700  and  1820,  and  the 
barrel  is  built  on  the  same  system  as  that 
which  is  used  for  a  clang  of  bells.  There 
was  a  barrel  organ  in  Whitburn  Church, 
•Co.  Durham,  which  was  taken  out  about 
the  latter  end  of  last  century. 

HAYDN  T.  GILES. 

11.  Ravensbourne  Terrace,  South  Shields. 

The  pretty  little  church  of  St.  Nicholas, 
Woodrising,  Norfolk,  contains  a  barrel 
organ  which,  until  within,  recent  years,  was 
constantly  used.  It  is  in  the  gallery  at 
the  west  end  of  the  church,  and  is  still  in 
playing  order.  C.  BECHEB  PIGOT. 

The  Cedars,  Ipswich. 

SIB  JOHN  BOURNE  (12  S.  x.  367,  435).— 
The  points  yet  in  doubt  concerning  this 
worthy  can  fortunately  be  cleared  up.  Sir 
John  left  a  will  (P.'C.C.,  29  Pyckering) 
bearing  date  May  12,  1563,  which  was  not, 
however,  proved  until  July  1,  1575 ;  and 
finally,  letters  of  administration  were  granted 
on  Jime  21,  1576,  to  Anthony,  the  son  and 
heir.  Sir  John  left  Dorothy,  his  wife,  the 
Manor  of  Battenhall,  &c.,  to  carry  out  his 
will,  and  other  manors  and  a  lease  of  a 
moiety  of  Holt  to  his  son  and  heir,  Anthony. 
Dorothy,  the  widow,  also  left  a  will  (P.C.C., 
18  Darcy),  dated  May  13,  1576,  in  which  she 
mentions  her  sisters,  Jane  Hornyolde, 
Ursula  Lygon,  Susan  Fisher,  and  Barbara 


Greene  ;  her  daughters,  Margaret,  wife  of 
William  Clarke,  Esq.,  and  Mary,  wife  of 
Thomas  Martyn,  LL.D.  Her  lease  of 
Bishop's  Wick  she  left  to  her  son,  Charles 
Bourne  ;  that  of  Upton  Snodsbury  to 
George  Winter,  Esq.  She  names  her 
daughter-in-law,  Elizabeth  Bourne,  and 
appoints  her  son,  Anthony,  executor  with 
Sir  James  Holte.  Anthony  was  first  cousin 
to  Gilbert  Bourne,  Bishop  of  Bath  and  Wells, 
whose  elder  brother,  Richard  of  Wivels- 
combe,  was  a  wealthy  Merchant  Taylor  of 
London.  Among  his  children  were  Gilbert, 
a  D.C.L.,  of  Wells  ;  John,  a  B.D.,  Canon  of 
Wells  and  Treasurer  there  :  and  Roger,  who 
also  held  a  canonry  in  the  same  Cathedral. 
Anthony,  son  of  Sir  John,  married  a  lady 
named  Elizabeth,  as  did  his  brother  Charles. 
Anthony  and  Elizabeth  had  a  daughter  who 
married  Sir  Herbert  Croft.  The  descendants 
of  Charles  lived  on  at  Bishop's  Wick,  since 
one  Walter  Bourne,  probably  his  son, 
succeeded  him  there.  If  Sir  John  pre- 
sented to  Oddingley  in  1573,  and  his  will 
was  proved  in  1575,  he  is  unlikely  to  have 
died  much  before  the  date  of  probate, 
especially  since  his  relict  had  not  completed 
the  winding  up  of  the  estate  at  the  time  of 
her  death.  Glazebrooke  and  Nash  have 
obviously  taken  the  date  of  the  will  and 
disregarded  that  of  the  probate. 

J.  HABVEY  BLOOM. 

SUPERSTITIONS  CONCERNING  SALT  (12S.  x. 
431).--In  '  Notes  from  a  Knapsack  '  (1909), 
p.  276,  I  have  suggested  that  "  above  and 
below  the  salt  "  at  table  was  a  likely  place 
for  quarrels  and  an  upset.  The  pinch  of 
salt  put  over  the  left  shoulder  gave  a  pause 
before  drawing  the  daggers.  In  Italian 
'  Last  Suppers  '  the  salt  is  upset  opposite 
Judas.  GEORGE  WHERRY. 

Some  writers  believe  that  Da  Vinci's 
picture  of  the  Last  Supper,  in  which 
Judas  Iscariot  is  represented  as  over- 
turning the  salt,  is  the  real  origin  of  the 
salt  superstition.  Although  a  common 
accident,  it  is  by  no  means  uncommon  to 
see  the  rite  of  throwing  a  pinch  over  the  left 
shoulder  carried  out  immediately,  not  with 
any  real  fear  of  evil,  but  in  order  "  to  be 
on  the  safe  side."  It  is  considered  ominous 
here  in  the  north  to  help  one  to  salt,  but, 
if  it  is  done,  the  ill  luck  may  be  averted  by  a 
second  helping.  Hazlitt  has  a  long  account 
of  salt  superstitions,  and  quotes  from 
several  writers  which  may  interest,  if  not 
satisfy,  your  correspondent. 

ARCHIBALD  SPARKE. 


478 


NOTES   AND  QUERIES. 


[12  s.  x. 


.  1922. 


WROTH  FAMILY  (12  S.  x.  372,  418,  434). 
— -The  Wroth  or  Wrothe  family  seems  to 
have  been  a  fairly  scattered  one,  as  the 
late  Dr.  G.  W.  Marshall,  in  his  '  Genealogist's 
Guide '  (Bell  and  Sons,  London,  1879), 
gives  the  following  references  to  it : — • 

Collinson's  '  Somerset,'  iii.  67 ;  Morant's 
'Essex,'  i.  163,  165;  ii.  519;  'Visitation  of 
Somerset,'  printed  by  Sir  T.  Phillipps,  147; 
'History  of  Hampstead,'  by  J.  J.  Park,  11-5; 
Hoare's  '  Wiltshire,'  III.  iv.  44 ;  Wright's  '  Essex,' 
ii.  62;  Archceologia  Cantiana,  xii.  315;  Harleian 
Society,  xiii.  132,  330. 

Bridger,  in  his  '  Index  to  Printed  Pedigrees ' 
(J.  Russell  Smith,  London,  1867),  gives 
also  Berry's  '  Sussex  Pedigrees '  (London, 
1830). 

The  '  Visitation  of  the  County  of  Somerset 
for  1531,'  edited  by  the  Rev.  F.  W.  Weaver 
(W.  Pollard,  North  Street,  Exeter,  1885), 
contains  a  long  pedigree  of  this  family  from 
William  de  Wrotham,  Lord  of  Newton, 
in  the  parish  of  North  Petherton,  ob.  14  John 
(1213),  to  Sir  Thomas  Wroth,  the  third  and 
last  baronet,  who  died  in  1721.  Of  this 
family  Sir  Thomas  Wroth,  Kt.,  represented 
Bridgwater  in  Parliament  1627-1661,  and 
in  1643  moved  the  impeachment  of  Charles  I., 
and  was  appointed  one  of  the  King's  judges, 
but  would  not  continue  to  act.  Petherton 
Park  and  Newton  Plecy  in  North  Petherton 
were  in  the  possession  of  the  Wroth  family 
for  over  500  years,  until  by  the  marriage  of 
Cicely,  daughter  and  sole  heir  of  Sir  Thomas 
Wroth  (the  last  baronet),  with  Sir  Hugh 
Acland,  sixth  baronet,  in  1721,  they  were 
conveyed  to  that  family,  and  were  recently 
disposed  of  by  sale  by  the  present  repre- 
sentative of  the  Acland  family,  the  twelfth 
baronet  of  that  name.  The  Wroth  arms 
were,  Arg.  on  a  bend  sa.  three  lions'  heads 
erased  of  the  field,  crowned  or. 

CROSS  CROSSLET. 

BRASS  ORNAMENTS  ON  HARNESS  (12  S. 
x.  410,  459. — In  Yorkshire  these  are  known 
as  "  brasses,"  or  "  hoss  brasses."  They 
are  in  the  form  of  symbols  of  the  sun,  moon 
and  stars,  and  are  probably  the  lineal 
descendants  of  the  amulets,  which  served  a 
dual  purpose  of  ornamentation  and  pre- 
servation from  evil,  just  as  the  brass -bound 
"  wickenwood  "  whipstocks  gave  old-time 
carters  a  scatheless  passage  over  haunted 
bridges  and  preserved  them  and  their  teams 
from  witchcraft.  There  are  rows  of  old 
"  hoss  brasses  "  in  most  of  the  old-fashioned 
Yorkshire  farm  kitchens,  but  they  are  com- 
paratively rarely  used  with  the  present  class 


of  wagon.  W^here  there  are  May  Day 
processions  or  farmers  lend  their  wagons 
for  social  functions  the  farm  horses  appear 
resplendent  in  brasses.  I  have  never  heard 
them  called  anything  but  ' '  hoss  brasses  * ' 
and  occasionally  "  hoss  fonniter  "  (i.e..,. 
furniture).  J.  FAIRFAX-BLAKEBOROUGH.  ^J 
Grove  House,  Norton-on-Tees. 

LONDON  CLOCKMAKERS  (12  S.  x.  431).— 
William  Kipling,  Broad  Street,  near  Charing 
Cross,  was  in  business  from  1705  till  about 
1737.  William  and  John  Kipling  apparent  ly 
continued  the  business  until  1750. 

The  following  books  give  details  of  makers 
of  clocks  and  watches  : — 

1.  '  Old   Clocks   and  Watches   and   their 
Makers,'  by  F.   J.   Britten  (3rd  ed.,   1911,. 
published  by  Batsford,  London),  contains  a 
list  of  eleven  thousand  names. 

2.  '  Old   Scottish    Clockmakers,    1453    to 
1850,'  by  John  Smith  (2nd  ed.,  1921,  pub- 
lished   by    Oliver    and   Boyd,    Edinburgh), 
gives  many  Scottish  makers  and  also  lists  of 
names  and  dates  of  makers  in  the  north  of 
England,  in  Ireland  and  the  Isle  of  Man. 

3.  '  The  Old  Clock  Book,'  by  N.  Hudson 
Moore     (1912,    published    by    Heinemann,. 
London),       gives      information      regarding 
American  clocks  and  their  makers. 

E.    R. 
Glasgow. 


Jlote*  on  Jloofe*. 

Medieval  France :  a  Companion  to  French  Studies- 
Edited  by  Arthur"  Tilley.  (Cambridge  Uni- 
versity Press.  25s.  net.) 

IF  it  is  the  Editor  who  is  responsible  for  the 
choice  of  a  sub-title,  Mr.  Arthur  Tilley  is  to 
be  congratulated — "  A  Companion  to  French 
Studies."  He  is  himself  of  the  initiated  and 
therefore  can  appreciate  the  charm  of  that  de- 
scription. He  knows  that  France  has  a  gift  to 
bestow  on  those  who  yield  themselves  to  her 
enchantment,  but  that  such  yielding  implies 
something  more  than  facile  acceptance  of  a  gift. 
To  know  her  in  her  legend  or  her  romance,  her 
art  or  her  devotion,  to  have  gained  real  and 
intimate  knowledge  of  her,  though  it  be  within 
some  narrow  limit  of  subject  or  of  period,  is  to 
have  found  one  of  those  sources  of  delight  that 
cannot  be  exhausted  in  a  lifetime. 

It  is  clear  that  narrowness  of  limit  has  its 
danger,  however.  Modesty  may  be  responsible 
for  the  encircling  line.  The  research  of  succeeding 
generations  of  students  may  suggest  that  thorough 
knowledge  is  attainable  only  if  the  selected  field 
be  small.  Nevertheless  the  isolation  of  special 
subjects  does  threaten  to  rob  the  study  of  history 
of  half  its  value,  and  work  such  as  that  contained 


12  s.  x.  JUNE  17, 1922.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES, 


479 


within  the  volume  before  us  is  important  as  a| 
counteracting    influence.     Although    it    covers    a 
long  period  within  comparatively  small  compass 
it  is  not  in  any  sense  a  handbook.       It  is  at  once  i 
wide   in  scope  and   generous   of   detail,   and  for' 
this  it  has  been  necessary  to  assume  some  measure 
of    knowledge    in    the    reader.     The    chapter    on 
Geography,  for  instance,  is  a  well-inspired  opening 
for  those  already  fascinated  by  French  studies, 
but  might   prove  baffling  to  a  novice,  and  chap, 
vii.,    which     treats     of     Dialects    and    Language, 
makes  a  severe  demand  on  erudition. 

Having  found  our  bearings  among  the  provinces 
of  France,  we  pass  to  the  chapter  on  History 
contributed  by  M.  Langlois.  Here  in  120  pages 
we  are  given  a  brilliant  summary  of  the  com- 
plicated developments  of  five  centuries.  Abridg- 
ments of  history  have,  only  too  frequently,  been 
entrusted  to  hack-writers  without  special  quali- 
tications  for  their  difficult  task.  In  the  chapter 
before  us  we  have  the  short  survey  of  the  expert. 
M.  Langlois  would  appear  to  be  saturated  in 
knowledge  of  the  subjects  which  he  treats.  In 
place  of  the  series  of  statements  which  so  often 
does  duty  as  abbreviated  history  he  keeps  before 
us  the  link  between  effect  and  cause,  and  shows 
us  how  continually  the  fate  of  nations  has  been 
determined  at  the  dictation  of  a  familiar  human 
impulse.  Feudal  Organization  can  be  a  dreary 
topic,  but  it  is  here  presented  so  that  it  makes 
appeal  to  the  imagination,  and  the  drawback  to 
each  method  of  government,  as  one  succeeds 
another,  is  indicated  with  the  impartiality  of  the 
true  historian.  We  should  have  liked  to  know 
the  views  of  M.  Langlois,  had  he  thought  it  well 
to  give  them  to  us,  on  the  theories  of  Fustel  de 
Coulanges  in  their  relation  to  this  period.  The 
opinions  of  that  vigorous  writer,  so  little  known 
in  England,  are  of  the  kind  that  provoke  reflection 
and  research,  and  government  by  an  aristocracy 
particularly  concerned  him.  Such  government 
leased  to  be  practicable  in  France  after  the 
sixteenth  century  had  wrought  havoc  with  the 
power  of  the  nobles  as  a  class,  but  before  that  date 
there  were  many  opportunities  for  speculation 
with  regard  to  it. 

The  chapter  as  it  stands,  however,  provides 
suHicieiit  incentive  to  independent  thought,  j 
There  is  no  slavish  adherence  to  tradition  and  old 
landmarks  take  new  significance.  The  victory 
of  Hugh  Capet  in  987  ceases  to  be  sensational, 
and  becomes  merely  the  inevitable  end  of  a  long 
process.  Even  "  the  magnificent  episode  of 
Jeanne  d'Arc  "  seems  to  owe  its  effectiveness 
to  coincidence  with  the  exact  moment  of  the 
turning  of  a  tide. 

The  chapter  on  Industry  and  Commerce  has 
closer  relation  to  M.  Langlois's  History  than  those 
on  the  Army  and  the  Navy  which  actually  follow 
it,  but  in  work  of  this  kind  the  correct  rotation 
of  the  subjects  must  be  difficult  to  determine. 
The  facts  regarding  Labour  in  Medieval  France 
might  be  read  with  profit  by  students  of  social 
questions  in  modern  England  ;  they  demonstrate  j 
the  extreme  of  abuse  that  was  possible  to  every 
system  in  those  early  times.  In  the  eleventh 
century  an  industrial  class  began  to  be  recognized  ; 
in  the  twelfth  the  principle  of  trade-unions  was 
accepted  ;  in  the  thirteenth  trade-union  was 
synonymous  with  tyranny ;  in  the  fourteenth 


a  system  framed  for  the  protection  of  the  \yorker 
had  become  a  weapon  in  the  hand  of  the  capitalist  , 
and  the  most  rigorous  exclusiveness  dominated 
social  and  business  relations.  This  melancholy 
development  of  the  trade-union  idea  in  relation 
to  the  artisan  is  balanced  by  the  account  of  its 
utility  when  adapted  to  the  service  of  the  cl-:-rk. 
When  we  pass  on  to  consider  the  Universities  it 
is  plain  that  they  were  indebted  for  their  statutes 
to  the  rules  drawn  up  for  the  protection  of  in- 
dustries. It  was  as  necessary  that  the  scholar's 
knowledge  should  be  tested  before  he  taught  as 
that  the  apprentice  should  prove  his  skill  in 
handicraft,  and  the  principle  of  exclusion  was 
essential  to  protect  the  rights  of  a  corporation 
whether  of  scholars  or  of  craftsmen. 

Those  who  desire  to  grasp  the  history  of  France 
during  five  centuries  will  find  welcome  assistance 
from  Mr.  A.  G.  Little's  study  of  the  early  develop- 
ment of  the  University  in  Paris,  for  at  certain 
crises  the  fate  of  France  seems  to  have  been  in- 
dissolubly  linked  with  these  developments.  He 
shows  us  how  the  Gallican  doctrine,  originating 
in  the  rivalry  of  monk  and  secular  priest,  achieved 
such  vast  importance.  Here  again  the  interest 
centres  upon  individuals,  and  names  such  as  those 
of  Abelard,  of  Thomas  Aquinas,  or  of  Gerson  are 
thrown  into  relief.  The  life  of  a  poor  scholar 
may  have  been  arduous  in  those  days,  but  it  was 
not  monotonous.  The  possibilities  of  learning 
grew  in  correspondence  with  the  need,  and  a 
university  existed  in  idea  rather  than  in  fact. 
It  depended  on  the  gathering  of  scholars,  and 
suppressed  in  one  locality  it  could  rise  up  in 
another.  Thus  the  element  of  adventure  was 
never  lacking. 

Where  so  much  is  admirable  the  critic's  task 
is  an  \mgrateful  one,  yet  we  must  note  a  blemish 
that  might  have  been  avoided.  There  are  quali- 
fications —  besides  familiar  knowledge  of  two 
languages  —  necessary  to  a  good  translator.  The 
chapter  on  Literature,  in  matter  as  valuable  as 
any  in  the  book,  is  difficult  reading,  and  there  are 
other  passages  whose  function  as  "a  rendering 
into  English  "  is  unduly  prominent. 


Tudor     Constitutional      Document^.     A.I>. 

1603,  with  an  Historical  (  '<>i>tin">t/<tri/.  Hy 
J.  R.  Tanner.  (Cambridge  University  1'ress. 
£1  17s?  (id.) 

DR.  TANNER  in  his  Preface  strikes  us  as  somewhat 
over-sanguine.  In  his  opinion,  with  the  :«id 
of  documents  the  student  may  not  only  construct 
a  proper  historical  background,  and  create  the 
real  historical  atmosphere,  but  also  be  enabled 
"  to  test  for  himself  the  generalizations  and 
epigrams  of  historians  and  to  find  out  what 
really  is  behind  them."  This  encouragement 
needs  to  be  qualified  by  some  sober  warning. 
Old  documents  present  manifold  pitfalls.  The 
recognition  of  "  common  form  "  alone  demands 
no  inconsiderable  study,  and  when  we  add  to 
this  the  detection  of  propaganda  and  official 
bluff  we  have  still  only  mentioned  one  or  tAvo  of 
the  ordinary  and  general  difficulties  to  be  en- 
countered, beyond  which  lie  the  innumerable 
difficulties  of  the  particular  order.  To  be  com- 
petent to  test  even  epigrams  the  student  must 
have  a  thorough  acquaintance  with  many 
documents,  and  series  of  documents,  or  he  will 


480 


NOTES   AND  QUERIES.       [12  s.  x. 


,  1922. 


be  no  more  successful  in  getting  at  the  truth  than 
the  historian  he  proposes  to  criticize,  and  we 
certainly  think  that  this  is  the  aspect  of  the  matter 
which  should  first  be  presented  to  him.  Very 
many  of  the  documents  collected  in  this,  book 
might  be,  and  indeed  have  been,  read  ignorantly 
or  read  without  judgment,  and  read  wrong. 

But  while  we  believe  that,  as  a  rule,  the  student 
cannot  tackle  original  records  for  himself  with 
any  great  profit,  and  that  there  is  just  now  some 
tendency  to  lay  too  much  stress  on  their  use  at 
early  stages  in  the  reading  of  history,  we  must 
certainly  welcome  such  a  piece  of  work  as  this 
before  us,  in  which  a  selection  of  documents  is 
made  the  subject  of  a  series  of  admirable  essays 
and  notes.  Every  page  bears  the  impress  of 
Dr.  Tanner's  experience  as  a  guide.  The  texts, 
in  the  main,  are  of  the  first  importance,  represent- 
ing cardinal  moments  in  the  history  of  the  Con- 
stitution, yet  we  question  whether  to  the  student 
they  themselves  will  not  prove  to  be  secondary 
in  value  to  the  rich  commentary  which  serves 
ostensibly  as  their  setting.  Dr.  Tanner  has  not 
tediously  insisted  on  giving  each  Act  or  other 
legal  document  in  full — in  fact  the  omissions  are 
often  considerable. 

We  pass  from  the  foundation  of  the  Tudor 
monarchy  to  the  several  Church  settlements  of 
the  sixteenth  century.  These  first  200  pages 
compose  an  excellent  account  —  detached,  cir- 
cumstantial, by  no  means  devoid  of  smaller 
human  interest  yet  faithful  to  the  broad  lines  of 
development  in  thought  and  policy — of  the 
constitutional  aspect  of  the  severance  of  the 
English  Church  from  Borne.  The  next  subjects 
dealt  with  are  the  King's  Secretary,  the  Privy 
Council  and  the  Star  Chamber.  The  immense 
variety  of  affairs  which  the  Privy  Council  had  to 
take  in  hand  is  most  successfully  illustrated.  In 
the  history  of  the  Star  Chamber  Dr.  Tanner 
shows  that  the  Parliamentarian  lawyers  were  in 
error,  who,  at  the  time  of  its  abolition,  took  the 
Star  Chamber  to  have  been  established  by  the 
Act  of  1487.  The  Court  so  designated  was, 
in  origin,  a  part  of  the  King's  Council,  which, 
while  the  rest  of  that  body  attended  the  King 
in  his  movements  about  the  realm,  remained 
stationary  in  London  to  deal  with  business — 
chiefly  judicial  business — that  could  not  other- 
wise be  conveniently  transacted.  They  met 
most  often — but  not  invariably — in  2u  chamber 
in  the  Palace  of  Westminster,  which  had  a  ceiling 
decorated  with  stars,  and  the  first  use  of  the 
expression  Star  Chamber  denotes  merely  the 
room,  not  a  court.  In  fact  the  Act  of  Henry  VII. 
which  was  taken  to  have  established  the  Star 
Chamber  does  not  contain  the  words.  Its  effect 
was  to  give  to  the  said  stationary  portion  of  the 
Council  certain  freshly  defined  powers,  in  the 
exercise  of  which  it  did  in  time  become  separate 
from  the  Privy  Council.  Among  the  select  cases 
by  which  the  work  of  the  Star  Chamber  is  illus- 
trated we  have  that  for  trespass  brought  by  the 
hermit  of  Highgate  against  the  vicar  of  St. 
Pancras  in  1503. 

The  civil  jurisdiction  of  the  Council  may  be 
taken  as  represented  in  the  Court  of  Bequests. 
Unlike  the  Star  Chamber,  it  would  seem  that  the 
beginning  of  this  Court  has  been  wrongly  referred 
to  the  times  of  the  later  Plantagenets  when  in 
fact  it  was  a  Tudor  establishment.  The  Financial 


Courts,  the  Ancient  Courts  of  Common  Law, 
Admiralty  and  the  Constable  and  Marshal,  and 
the  Franchise  Courts  not  only  form  a  necessary 
part  of  the  whole  picture  of  the  administration 
of  the  realm,  but  also  reveal  the  needs  which  the 
Council  had  to  frame  itself  to  fill.  The  section 
on  the  Ecclesiastical  Courts  contains  among 
its  illustrations  a  case  of  witchcraft,  dealt  with 
in  1492,  which  is  of  great  interest.  The  remaining 
sections  deal  with  the  Law  of  Treason,  Local 
Government,  Parliament  and  Finance  :  all  are 
admirable  both  as  to  the  commentary  and  to  the 
selection  of  documents,  but  we  would  single  out 
the  first  as  especially  good  in  both  respects. 

Tivinings  in  the  Strand.  By  E.  E.  Newton. 
TwiNiNGS  was  founded  in  the  year  1706.  Not 
only  is  it  the  oldest  house  of  its  kind  in  the  king- 
dom, but  it  still  occupies  its  original  site,  and 
the  business  is  still  conducted  by  members  of 
the  original  family.  So  long  an  existence,  touch- 
ing at  more  than  one  point  the  general  com- 
mercial history  of  the  nation,  might  even  be 
thought  worthy  of  a  more  extended  account 
than  our  correspondent  Mr.  Newton  gives  it 
in  this  pleasant  little  brochure.  The  Twining 
of  the  day  suggested  Pitt's  "  Commutation  Act," 
one  effect  of  which  was  to  increase  the  yearly  con- 
sumption of  tea  from  4  to  15  million  pounds. 
Several  members  of  the  family  from  the  eighteenth 
century  onwards  have  attained  eminence  in 
literature,  art  and  science. 

It  would  'be  interesting  to  collect  the  histories 
of  any  other  firms  of  over  two  hundred  years 
old  which  are  still  conducted  by  the  descendants 
of  the  founder.  They  must  be  few,  indeed,  in 
number. 


Publisher  would  be  pleased  to  hear  from 
any  subscriber  who  may  have  a  copy  of  the  Index 
to  vol.  vi.,  12th  Series,  to  spare. 


to 

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NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


481 


LONDON.  JUNE  24.  1922. 


CONTENTS.— No.  219. 

NOTES  :— The  First  Grand  Chaplain.  481— Marat  in  England. 
482 — Bedford  Inscriptions.  484 — Nicolas  Sander  and  the 
University  of  Louvain.  486 — Robert  Herrick's  Grave — 
"  Comparisons  are  odious  " — '  A  Literary  Find.'  487 — 
Feudal  Payments  in  the  Hundred — 51.  Threadneedle  Street. 
488— John  Stow  and  the  New  Elver.  489. 


QUERIES  :—"  Qui  strepit  in  campo  "— "  Gill  Ale" 
before  Lord  Langdale — Joe  Manton — Antiseptic  Island. 
489— Commodore  Gale.  Legendary — '  Gale's  Recreations  '— 
Louis  de  Male — "  George  Standfast  " — French  Coinage  of 
the  Birmingham  Mint— The  Attractions  of  Paris— Scottish 
Genealogy — Groombridge  Place.  Kent.  490 — "  O  et  Olla  " — 
"  Rising  Glasses  " — The  Star  Club — Guinness — Earl  of 
Cambridge.  491. 

REPLIES :— Rowland  Stephenson.  M.P..  491— Reid  the 
Mountebank.  492 — The  Adventures  of  a  Coin— The  Capon 
Tree  in  Jedwater — The  British  and  Foreign  Review— 
Spencer  Smith— Sir  William  Henry  Clinton.  G.C.B.,  493— 
Salad— Clarence  Gordon — "  Hay  Silver  " — "  Bomenteek  " — 
Adrian  Stokes,  494 — Wedding-ring :  Change  of  Hand — 
"St.  FrauncesFire  " — Major  William  Murray— Stone  Sign — 
Grazia  Deledda— London  Clockmakers — Jottings  on  some 
Early  Editions  of  the  Bible  in  Latin — Reversing  the  Union 
Jack,  495 — Yorkshire  Use  of  "  Thou  "  496 — "  Cannot  away 
with  "— "  Hampshire  Hogs  "— "  Stone-coat."  497—"  Dy- 
archy  " — '  Twinings  in  the  Strand  ' — Byron  and  the  Royal 
Society— Waddon— Authors  wanted,  498. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  : — '  The  English  Village  ' — '  APepysian 
Garland  ' — '  Nature  and  Other  Miscellanies  ' — '  The  Laws 
of  the  Earliest  English  Kings.' 

Notices  to  Co  respondents. 


Jgote*. 

THE    FIRST    GRAND    CHAPLAIN. 

THE  oration  of  the  Rev.  William  Dodd, 
M.A.,  the  first  Grand  Chaplain  of  the 
Order,  at  the  dedication  of  Freemasons' 
Hall,  represents,  doubtless,  the  teaching  of 
the  highest  initiates  of  the  "  craft  and 
mistery  "  of  the  time.  He  says  Masonry 
is  an  institution  not,  as  the  ignorant  and 
uninstructed  vainly  suppose,  founded  on 
unnecessary  mystery  and  supported  by 
mere  good  fellowship,  but 

an  institution  founded  on  eternal  reason  and 
truth,  whose  deep  basis  is  the  civilization  of 
mankind  and  whose  everlasting  glory  it  is  to  have 
the  immovable  support  of  those  two  mighty 
pillars- — science  and  morality. 
He  touches  upon  the  antiquity,  the  extent, 
the  comprehensiveness,  the  excellence  and 
the  utility  of  "  the  Royal  art,"  of  whose 


daily  advancing  progress,  highly  flourishing 
state,  and  unquestionable  merit, 
who    can    doubt    a    moment    that    beholds    this 
splendid     edifice,     that     considers     this     lovely, 
honourable  and  illustrious  assemblage  ?  .  .  . 

If  antiquity  merits  our  attention  and  demands 
our  reverence,  where  will  the  society  be  found 
that  hath  an  equal  claim  ?  Masons  are  well 
informed,  from  their  own  private  and  interior 
records,  that  the  building  of  Solomon's  Temple  is 
an  important  era  whence  they  derive  many 
mysteries  of  this  art.  ^- Now,  be  it  remembered 
that  this  great  event  took  place  above  a  thousand 
years  before  the  Christian  era  and,  consequently, 
more  than  a  century  before  Homer,  the  first  of 
the  Grecian  poets,  wrote  [sic]  ;  and  above  five 
centuries  before  Pythagoras  brought  from  the 
East  his  sublime  system  of  Masonic  instruction 
to  illumine  our  Western  world.  But  remote  as 
is  this  period,  we  date  not  from  thence  the  com- 
mencement of  our  art.  For,  though  it  might 
owe  to  the  wise  and  glorious  King  of  Israel  some 
of  its  many  mystic  forms  and  hieroglyphic 
ceremonies,  yet  certainly  the  art  itself  is  coeval 
with  creation  when  the  Sovereign  Architect  raised 
on  Masonic  principles  this  beauteous  globe,  and 
commanded  that  master  science,  Geometry,  to 
lay  the  rule  to  the  planetary  world  and  to  regulate 
by  its  laws  the  whole  stupendous  system  in  just, 
unerring  proportion  rolling  round  the  central 
sun.  And  as  Masonry  is  of  this  remote  antiquity, 
so  is  it,  as  might  reasonably  be  imagined,  of 
boundless  extent.  We  trace  its  footsteps  in 
the  most  distant,  the  most  remote,  ages  and 
nations  of  the  world.  We  find  it  among  the  first 
and  most  celebrated  civilizers  of  the  East ;  we 
deduce  it  regularly  from  the  first  astronomers  on 
the  Plains  of  Ghaldea  to  the  wise  and  mystic 
kings  and  priests  of  Egypt ;  even  to  the  rude 
and  Gothic  builders  of  a  dark  and  degenerate 
age  whose  vast  temples  still  remain  amongst  us 
as  monuments  of  their  attachment  to  the  Masonic 
arts  and  as  high  proofs  of  a  taste  which — however 
irregular — must  always  be  esteemed  awful  and 
venerable. 

DR.  WILLIAM  DODD'S  RECORD. 

"  The  web  of  our  life  is  of  a  mingled 
yarn,  good  and  ill  together."  The  very 
remarkable,  but  not  unique,  clergyman, 
Dr.  William  Dodd — the  famous  preacher 
at  the  Magdalen  Penitents'  Home  in  the 
heart  of  London  Port ;  the  sometime 
drudging  curate,  private  tutor,  and  school- 
master by  what  is  now  called  West  Ham 
Portway  ;  the  first  Grand  Chaplain  of  the 
Freemasons'  Grand  Lodge  in  1777  ;  and, 
probably,  the  most  fashionable  pulpit 
exhorter  and  after-dinner  orator  of  his 
day — was  the  principal  figure  when  the 
Magdalen  (popularly  called  the  "  Maudlin  ") 
was  opened  on  Aug.  10,  1758,  the  existence 
of  that  institution  having  been  made 
possible  by  his  florid  and  fervent  rhetoric. 
It  was  in  Great  Prescott  Street — where  Sir 
Cloudesley  Shovel,  the  old  rough  Admiral 


482 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [12 S.X.JUNE 24,1022. 


of  Queen  Anne,  had  resided  for  long — that 
the  first  Magdalen  Hospital  or  Hospice 
was  opened  with  only  eight  inmates — all 
that  the  institution  could  then  shelter. 
And  five  houses  in  Great  Prescott  Street 
once  formed  the  London  Infirmary  (with 
a  "  lock "  annex),  which  was  the  parent 
of  the  London  Hospital  before  that  institu- 
tion was  removed  to  the  West  Heath 
"  Mount,"  on  the  border  of  the  Mile  End 
Common.  Dr.  Dodd's  last  public  sermon 
was  preached  at  the  "  New  Magdalen " 
(a  much  more  pretentious  asylum  than  the 
original,  with  a  fine  chapel  attached,  which 
was  greatly  affected  by  "quality  folk") 
on  Feb.  2,  1777,  two  days  before  he  forged 
the  document  which  hastened  his  final 
downfall,  his  conviction,  and  his  strange 
execution  at  Tyburn — his  crime  being  one 
of  some  ten  score  for  which  capital  punish- 
ment was  the  penalty  in  those  days. 

The  able  and  brilliant  historian,  Grant 
Robertson,  observes  that  two -thirds  of  the 
crimes  punishable  by  death  in  England  had 
been  added  in  the  eighteenth  century. 

An  offender  could  be  hanged  for  falsely  pre- 
tending to  be  a  Greenwich  pensioner  ;  for  injuring 
a  county  bridge  ;  for  cutting  down  a  young  tree  ; 
for  forging  a  bank-note  ;  for  being  a  fraudulent 
bankrupt ;  for  stealing  any  property  value 
five  shillings  or  more  than  one  shilling  from  the 
person  ;  for  stealing  anything  from  a  bleaching 
ground  ;  and,  if  a  soldier  or  a  sailor,  for  begging 
without  a  pass.  .  .  .  Not  until  1820  was  flogging 
of  women  abolished. 

Such  was  English  law,  though  English 
customs,  practice,  and  exigencies  often  gave 
those  sentenced  to  the  halter  the  option  of 
finding  death  at  the  cannon's  mouth  upon 
the  Seven  Seas,  or  on  the  fringes  of  what 
we  now  call  the  British  Commonwealth 
Dr.  Dodd,  the  Masonic  Grand  Chaplain,  was 
not  the  object  of  special  vengeance  from 
the  Courts  of  Law  or  the  Palace. 

Of  this  time  Charles  Dickens,  in  '  A  Tale 
of  Two  Cities,'  tells  us  that  putting  to  death 
was  a  recipe  much  in  vogue  with  all  trade 
and  professions. 

Death  is  Nature's  remedy  for  all  things,  anc 
why  not  Legslation's  ?  Accordingly,  the  forge 
was  put  to  death  ;  the  utterer  of  a  bad  note  was 
put  to  death  ;  the  unlawful  opener  of  a  lette: 
was  put  to  death  ;  the  purloiner  of  forty  shillings 
and  sixpence  was  put  to  death  ;  the  holder  o 
a  horse  at  the  door,  who  made  off  with  it,  was  put 
to  death  ;  the  sounders  of  three-fourths  of  the 
notes  in  the  whole  gamut  of  crime  were  put  tc 
death.  Not  that  it  did  the  least  good  in  the  wa> 
of  prevention — it  might  almost  have  been  worth 
remarking  that  the  fact  was  exactly  the  reverse — 
but  it  cleared  off  (as  to  this  world)  the  trouble 


of    each    particular    case,    and    left   nothing    else 
connected  with  it  to  be  looked  after. 

POOR  MISTRESS  DODD. 

Poor   Mistress   Dodd — of   a   much   lower 
ocial  status  even  than  a  chaplain  or  a  private 
schoolmaster  when   George  the  Third  was 
iing — died  in  very  indigent  circumstances 
despite  the  multitude  of  William  Dodd's 
quondam  friends)  at  Ilford,  near  the  scene 
of    her    husband's    earlier    scholastic    and 
ournalistic  labours. 

The  marriage  of  Dodd  (who  claimed 
descent  from  Sir  Thomas  Overbury)  took 
Dlace  in  April,  1751,  and  his  wife  was  Mary 
Perkins  (a  servant  of  a  Durham  Prebendary), 
whose  father  was  a  verger  of  Durham  Cathe- 
dral. This  was  before  Dodd  was  appointed 
:o  the  curacy  of  West  Ham  or  to  the  lecture- 
ship there.  It  should  be  held  in  mind,  by 
the  by,  that  John  Entick,  the  Stepney 
curate-historian,  William  Dodd's  guide, 
philosopher  and  friend  in  matters  Masonic, 
was  buried  at  Stepney  in  the  churchyard, 
close  by  the  Church  House  in  which  husband 
and  wife  had  resided,  in  May,  1773.  Me. 
(To  be  continued.) 


MARAT   IN   ENGLAND. 

(See  ante,  pp.  381,  403,  422,  441,  463.) 
IN  December,  1787,  then,  Le  Maitre,  under 
his  latest  alais  of  Maratt  Amiatt,  having 
disappeared  from  Bristol,  the  realJean  Paul 
in  January,  1788,  emerges  from  his  final 
lacuna  of  obscurity  and  reappears  in  Paris, 
where  we  find  him  obsequiously  presenting 
a  copy  of  one  of  his  publications  to  the  Queen, 
whom  later  he  was  to  hound  to  the  scaffold. 
There  we  will  leave  him  until  his  recognition 
by  the  benevolent  Bristolian  in  1792,  which 
forms  the  concluding  incident  of  this  inquiry. 

For  the  convenience  of  the  reader  the 
various  links  in  the  chain  may  now  be 
summarized  : — 

We  find  that  about  1772  a  foreigner  called 
"  Le  Maitre,  alias  Mara,"  was  engaged  as 
a  teacher  of  French  at  Warrington  Academy, 
that  he  was  afterwards  remembered  by 
several  pupils  as  having  been  engaged  there 
as  such,  and  that  there  was  also,  for  a  time, 
a  local  tradition  of  a  "  Marat's  walk  "  at 
Warrington.  That  in  February,  1776,  the 
Ashmolean  Museum  at  Oxford  was  robbed 
by  a  person  called  "  Le  Maitre,  alias  Mara," 
said  to  be  Swiss  or  French,  who  for  a  time 
had  taught  French  and  tambouring  in  that 
city,  and  who  after  the  crime  fled  to  Norwich, 


12 S.X.JUNE 24, 1922.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


483 


where  he  was  remarked  for  the  "  singularity 
of  his  person,"  and  recognized  as  the  forme 
Warrington  tutor.  That  he  escaped  t( 
Dublin,  was  there  arrested,  posing,  accord 
ing  to  one  account,  as  a  German  Count,  anc 
imprisoned  for  six  months,  then  transferrec 
to  Oxford,  where,  in  March,  1777,  he  was 
tried  for  the  robbery,  displaying  during  the 
proceeding  a  considerable  knowledge  of  law 
and  procedure.  That  he  was  sentenced  to  the 
hulks  at  Woolwich,  where  he  was  again  recog 
nized  as  the  Warrington  tutor.  That  in  April, 
1777,  fourteen  of  the  Woolwich  convicts 
escaped,  and  six  were  not  recaptured.  Thai 
in  1786  one  John  White  set  up  as  a  teacher  oi 
tambouring  in  Edinburgh,  contracted  debts, 
fled  to  Newcastle,  was  arrested,  brought  back 
to  Edinburgh,  found  to  be  the  same  person 
as  the  Warrington  and  Oxford  "  Le  Maitre, 
alias  Mara,"  and  after  release  left  Scotland 
early  in  1787.  That  John  White  was  of 
diminutive  size,  turbulent  and  ill-looking,  but 
possessed  of  an  uncommon  share  of  legal 
knowledge,  and  called  his  children  "  Marat," 
which  he  said  was  his  family  name.  That 
in  December,  1787,  one  "  Maratt  Amiatt," 
who  had  practised  in  several  English  towns 
"  a  teacher  and  quack  doctor,"  set  up  as 


as 

a  bookseller  in  Bristol,  was  imprisoned  for 
debt,  released  by  a  benevolent  society,  and 
afterwards  recognized  by  one  of  its  members 
in  Paris  as  the  revolutionary  Marat.  Also 
that  a  Mr.  Harford  did,  and  a  Mr.  Bush 
could,  remember  "  this  villain  "  as  the  French 
tutor  at  Warrington  in  1772  ;  that  the 
same  Mr.  Harford  and  a  Mr.  Lloyd  had 
already  recognized  him  as  the  Woolwich 
convict  ;  and  that  the  servant  of  a  Mr. 
Ireland,  a  friend  of  Mr.  Harford,  pointed 
out  Marat  in  Paris  in  1792  to  his  master  as 
the  person  they  had  befriended  at  Bristol. 
It  will  be  noticed  that  Le  Maitre,  though 
originally  spelling  his  alias  as  "  Mara," 
afterwards  adds  the  letter  t  to  it  at  Edin- 
burgh and  Bristol. 

Turning  now  to  the  real  Jean  Paul  Marat, 
we  find,  as  connecting  him  with  the  "  Le 
Maitre,  alias  Mara,"  of  Warrington,  that  his 
name  also  was  originally  Mara  ;  that  he  had 
been  a  teacher  of  French  at  several  other 
northern  towns  ;  that,  like  his  father  and 
brother,  he  worked  largely  incognito  and 
under  aliases  ;  that  his  father  being  known 
as  le  maitre  de  langiies,  and  he  himself  ful- 
filling that  description,  the  pseudonym 
"  Le  Maitre  "  was  no  unlikely  choice  ;  and 
that  he  was  actually  remembered  by  Mr. 
Harford  and  probably  by  Mr.  Bush  as 
having  been  at  Warrington  in  1772.  With 


regard  to  Oxford,  we  find  that  he  lived  in 
London  shortly  before  the  Ashmolean 
robbery,  and  so  was  within  easy  enough 
reach  of  the  former  city  ;  also  that  he  was 
in  chronically  and  perhaps  acutely  straitened 
circumstances  at  the  time.  We  have  learnt 
something  of  his  general  moral  character 
from  the  preceding  pages,  but  his  special 
views  on  larceny  are  best  conveyed  in  his 
own  words  : — 

All  human  rights  issue  from  physical  wants. 
[f  a  man  has  nothing,  he  has  a  right  to  any 
surplus  with  which  another  gorges  himself. 
What  do  I  say  ?  He  has  a  right  to  seize  the 
indispensable  and  rather  than  die  of  hunger  he 
may  cut  another's  throat  and  eat  his  throbbing 
flesh.  Man  has  a  right  to  self-preservation,  to 
the  property,  the  liberty  and  even  the  lives  of 
his  fellow-creatures.  He  is  free  to  do  what  he 
pleases  to  ensure  his  own  happiness  (•  Declara- 
tion of  the  Bights  of  Man,'  Paris,  1789). 

We  find  at  Oxford,  as  at  Warrington,  that 
Jean  Paul's  real  name,  like  the  prisoner's, 
is  Mara,  that  he  is  a  teacher  of  French,  adopts 
an  alias,  and  shares  the  other's  "  singularity 
of  person."     Further,  a  curious  point,  that 
he  admits  having  spent  something  like  the 
prisoner's  six  months  in  Dublin,  for  in  his 
main  itinerary,  after  his  "ten  years  in  Eng- 
land," he  speaks  of  having  passed.  "  one  year 
in  Dublin,"  a  period  that  subsequently  he 
somewhat  shortened.     Now,  as  he  had  no 
Irish  diploma,  never  claimed  to  have  prac- 
tised  there,    and   neither   he   nor   his   bio- 
graphers,   so    far    as    we    are    aware,    ever 
explain,    or    elsewhere    even   mention,   this 
particular  sojourn,  the  Le  Maitre  imprison- 
ment supplies  at  all  events  a  not  improbable 
solution  of  the  reference.     A  minor  coinci- 
dence, indeed,  supports  it,  for  the  Dublin 
fugitive  who  posed  as  a  "  German  Count " 
was  afterwards  faithfully  duplicated  by  the 
Parisian  doctor  who  also  posed  as  a  count 
and  sealed  his  letters  with  a  coronet.     As 
connecting   the   real   Jean   Paul    with   the 
Edinburgh    and    Newcastle    adventures    of 
'  John  White,"   we  know  that  these  two 
cities    were,    after    London,    his    favourite 
spots  ;   and  that  he  was*  in  fact  absent  from 
France  at  this  particular  time  ;   while  he  is 
urther  identified  with  John  White  in  being 
of   diminutive  size  (appreciably  under  five 
eet),  turbulent,  ill-looking,  as  well  as  pos- 
sessed of  an  uncommon  share  of  legal  know- 
edge.     It  will  be  recalled  also  that  John 
White   stated  that  Marat  was  his   family 
name.     Finally,  with  regard  to  Bristol,  the 
real  Jean  Paul  is  identified  with  "Maratt 
Amiatt  "   in  having  himself  of  later  years 
added  a  t  to  his  original  name  ;    in  having, 


484 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [  12  s.x.  JUNE  24,1922. 


like  him,  practised  in  various  English  towns 
as  a  "  teacher  and  quack  doctor  "  ;  and, 
further,  in  being  personally  recognized  both 
as  the  former  Warrington  tutor  and  in,  Paris 
in  1792  as  the  fugitive  Bristol  debtor. 

The  foregiong  details  exhaust,  we  believe, 
the  materials  at  present  available  for  the 
solution  of  the  Marat-Le  Maitre  problem. 
The  inquiry  is  complicated  by  the  obscure 
and  stealthy  life  led  by  Jean  Paul  in  England, 
and  by  his  repeated  intervals  of  incognito 
and  alias,  so  that  his  connexion  with  the 
Oxford  crime  and  other  incidents  cannot  be 
proved  directly  and  in  his  own  name,  but 
has  to  be  established,  if  at  all,  through  the 
protean  personality  of  Le  Maitre.  When 
not  voluntarily  and  ostentatiously  in  the 
limelight,  indeed,  he  displays  an  almost 
uncanny  ingenuity  in  covering  up  his  tracks, 
the  result  being  that,  to  this  day,  although 
more  than  10  years  of  his  life  were  passed 
in  England,  and  mainly  in  London,  it  is  not 
possible  to  point  to  any  specific  dwelling 
place  and  say  "  Here  Marat  lived."  The 
question  naturally  arises,  Why  all  this 
camouflage  and  concealment  ?  We  have 
dwelt  on  one  of  the  facts  tending  to  explain 
it,  viz.,  his  lack  of  legal  qualification  to 
practise  medicine  in  England,  and  the  penal- 
ties he  incurred  in  consequence  of  such  prac- 
tice ;  but  the  Oxford  trial  undoubtedly 
supplies  a  further  and  more  significant  one, 
for  it  reveals  not  only  the  Ashmolean  crime 
of  1776,  but  hints  of  a  prior  forgery  given 
by  the  delinquent's  own  witness.  It  cannot, 
indeed,  be  claimed  that  the  Marat-Le  Maitre 
identity  has  been  proved  conclusively,  for 
there  are  still  certain  points  upon  which 
further  elucidation  would  be  of  advantage. 
But,  on  the  evidence  as  it  stands,  we  submit 
that  the  balance  of  probability  is,  at  all 
events,  strongly  in  its  favour.  An  import- 
ant point  is  the  question  of  the  value  to  be 
attached  to  Marat's  own  statements.  These, 
as  we  have  shown,  are  scarcely  ever  to  be 
relied  upon  unless  independently  corrobo- 
rated. The  soundness  of  the  legal  rule  that 
what  a  man  says  may  always  be  taken  as 
evidence  against,  but  is  by  no  means  neces- 
sarily evidence  for,  him,  is  here  constantly 
demonstrated.  This,  it  seems  to  us,  is  the 
rock  upon  which  most  of  his  biographers 
split.  Starting  as  enthusiastic  partisans, 
they  accept,  almost  religiously,  every  word 
that  fell  from  their  idol's  lips,  and  so  have 
built  up  a  purely  fictitious  Jean  Paul  Marat, 
who  had  no  counterpart  in  real  life  or 
authentic  history.  SIDNEY  L.  PHIPSON. 


MONUMENTAL       INSCRIPTIONS       IN 

BEDFORD    CHURCHES,    CHAPELS 

AND   BURIAL-GROUNDS. 

ST.  PETER  DE  MEBTON. 
(See  ante,  pp.  325,  365,  405,  447.) 

102.  Close  to  101,  n.  from  it  on  a  s.u.s.  ;  w.f.e. 
In  memory  of  William,  son  of  Edward  &  Elizh. 
Chapman,  who  died  Sept.  4,  1798,  in  the  32 
year  of  his  age. 

103.  Close  to  102,  n.  from  it  on  a  t.u.s.  ;  w.f.e. 
In  memory   of   Elizabeth,   wife   of   John   Dent, 
and  daughter  of  Edward  Chapman,  mayor  of  this 
town  in  the  year    1772,  who  departed  this  life  on 
the    10th   of   May,    1793,   aged     28    years.     The 
original  stone  is  replaced    in   1851    by    Edward 
John   Dent,   F.B.A.S.   (of  the  Strand,  London), 
honorary  M.I.G.S.  of  St.  Petersburgh,  and  eldest 
son  of  the  above  Elizabeth  Dent. 

104.  Close  to  103,  n.  from  it  on  a  m.u.s.  ;  w.f.e. 
In  memory  of  Thomas,  son  of  Edward  and  Eliz. 
Chapman,  who   died  Sept.    13,    1790,   in  the   20 
year  of  his  age. 

105.  Close  to  104,  n.  from  it  on  a  m.u.s.  ;  w.f.e. 
In  memory  of  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Edward  Chapman, 
who  departed  this  life  the   7  June,  1778,  aged  48 
years. 

106.  Close  to  105,  n.  from  it  on  a  s.u.s.  ;  w.f.e. 
In  memory  of  Thos.,*  son  of  Edwd.  and  Elizth. 
Chapman,  who  depd.  this  life  March  ye  27,  1770, 
aged  .  .  months. 

107.  1ft.    n.w.   from    106,   leaning  against  No. 
108  on  its  side,  on  a  m.u.s.  ;  w.f.n.     In  memory  of 
Elizth.  Upton, f  who  depd.  this  life  Dec.  the  15, 
1779,    aged    3    years. 

108. 1ft.  n.e.  from  106,  on  a  massive  s.  altar  tomb, 

s.  Sacred  to  the  memory  of  Edward 
Chapman,  who  departed  this  life  February  18. 
1806,  in  the  79  year  of  his  age.  "  The  righteous 
are  in  everlasting  remembrance." 

n.  Sacred  to  the  memory  of  Elizabeth, J  wife  oj 
Edward  Chapman,  who  departed  this  life  on  the 
fourth  day  of  May,  1815,  aged  7(1  ?)  years. 

e.  and  w.  Blank. 

109.  2ft.  n.  from   108  on  a  m.u.s.  ;  w.f.e.     To 
the  memory  of  Martha,§  the  daughter  of  Thomas 
and  Eliz.  Parker  of  Woburn,  who  died  Jane  1, 
180(3  ?). 

110.  Close  to  109,  n.  from  it  on  a  s.u.s.  ;  w.f.e. 
In  memory  of  Susanna  Last,  who  died  August  31, 
1809,  aged  50  years. 

111.  Close  to  110,  n.  from  it  on  a  s.u.s. ;  w.f.e. 
In  memory  of  Ralph  Jackson,  who  departed  this 
life  July  30th,  1783,  aged  80  years. 

112.  Close  to   111  on    a  s.u.s.  ;  w.f.e.,  almost 
all  sunk  in  ground.     Susanna  Hi  ..  e  ...  1732. 

113.  Close  to  112,  n.  from  it  on  a  t.u.s.  ;  w.f.e. 
To  the  memory  of  Joseph  Finlinson,  who  died 
suddenly  at  New  Calabar    on  the   12th  of  July, 


*  1770.  Thomas,  son  of  Edward  &  Elizabeth 
Chapman,  of  the  Parish  of  St.  Paul,  was  buried 
March  30. 

f  1779.  Elizabeth  Upton,  buried  Deer.  4th. 

J  1815.  Chapman,  Elizabeth,  St.  Paul's,  Bed- 
ford, May  10th,  1815;  74  years.  Philip  Hunt, 
Rector. 

§  1805.  June  9th,  Martha,  daur.  of  Thos.  & 
Elizabeth  Parker  (from  Wobourn). 


12  S.X.  JUNE  24,  1922.]  NOTES    AND    QUERIES. 


485 


1853,  aged  30  years.  Also  Jane,  daughter  of 
Joseph  &  Jane  Finlinson,  who  died  at  Bedford 
on  the  20th  of  May,  1855,  aged  7  years. 

114.  2  yds.  w.  from  lOSonam.u.s. ;  w.f.w.     In 
memory  of  Ann,  wife  of  John  Gillham,  who  died 
March  2,  1817,  aged  66  years. 

"  Affliction  for  long  time  I  bore, 
Physicians  wair  in  vain, 
Till  God  did  please  to  give  me  ease, 
And  free  me  from  my  pain." 

115.  Close  to  114,  s.  from  it  on  a  m.ti.s.  ;  w.f.w. 
In  memory  of  Susanna   Gillham,   who   departed  j 
this  life  on  the   17th  of  January,   1832,  aged  48  I 
years. 

116.  Close  to  115,  s.  from  it  on  a  m.u.s.  ;  w.f.w. 
In   memory   of    Harriet    Gilham,'  who    departed 
this  life    May  8th,  1836,  aged  53  years. 

"  With  patience  to  the  last  she  did  submit, 
And  murmur' d  not  at  what  the  Lord  saw  fit, 
She  with  a  constant  courage  did  resign 
Her  soul  to  God  at  His  appointed  time." 

117.  Close  ro  116,  s.  from  it  on  a  s.u.s.  ;  w.f.w- 
In  memory  of  Anr,  the  wife  of  Henry  Knight, 
who  died  May  1st,  1721,  aged  70  years. 

118.  Close  to  117,  s.  from  it  on  a  s*i.s.  ;  w.f.w. 
In  memory  of  Henry,  the  son  of  Henry  &  Ann 
Knight,  who  died  January  23,  1719,  aged  32  yeais. 

119.  Close  to  118,  s.  from  it  on  a  s.u.s.  ;  w.f.w., 
partly  sunk  in  ground.     In  memory   of  Henry 
Knight,  who  died  March  14th,  1715,  aged  62  years. 

120.  2ft.  s.  from  119  on  a  long  ob.  stone  altar 
tomb. 

w.  Here  lieth  ye  body  of  William  Knight,*  who 
departed  this  life  June  ye  2  (?),  1759,  in  ye  6(0  ?) 
year  of  his  age. 

s.  Here  lieth  the  body  of  Elizabeth,  the  wife  of 
William  Knight,  who  departed  this  life  Nov.  18th, 
1773,  in  the  72nd  year  of  her  age. 
e.  &  n.  Blank. 

121.^  2yds.  s.w.  from  120  on  a  s.u.s.  ;  w.f.w. 
In  memory  of  David,  son  of  David  &  Sarah 
Oostick,  who  died  May  16,  1855,  aged  6  years. 

122.  4Jyds.  s.  from  121,  close  to  yew  tree  on  a 
fi.u.s.  ;  w.f.w.  In  memory  of  William,  the  son  of 
James  &  Eliz.  Bailey,  who  died  Dec.  20,  1803, 
Aged  33  years. 

"  God,  I  own  thy  sentence  just, 
And  nature  must  decay ; 
I  yield  my  body  to  the  dust 
To  dwell  with  fellow  clay." 

DREW. 

123.*  3yds.  n.w.  from  122  on  a  s.u.s.;  w.f.w. 
William  Wiseman,  surgeon,  died  July  the  12, 
1782,  aged  62. 

124.  Close  to  123.  n.  from  it  on  am.  andb.  u.s.  ; 
•w.f.w.     Sacred    to    the    memory    of    Catherine, 
relict    of    A.    P.    Manclarke,    Esq,    formerly     of 
Pulham,  in  the  county  of  Norfolk,  who  departed 
this  life  on  the  16th  of  December,   1847,  aged  79 
years. 

125.  lyd.  n.w.  from  124  on  a  brick  altar  tomb 
with  stone  slab  on  top  and  stone  tablets  on  s.  and  w. 
sides  with  insc. 

s.  Underneath  here  lieth  ye  body  of  Elizabeth, 
ye  wife  of  Robert  Harris  and  daughter  of  William 
And  Elizabeth  Hornbuckle,  who  departed  this  life 
November  ye  30th,  1750,  aged  60  years.  Off  the 


other  side  of  this  tomb  lieth  the  body  of  her  sister. 
Ann  Parker,  and  ten  children. 

"  The  widows  and  the  fatherless, 
They  came  to  her  in  their  distress  ; 
The  aged  and  the  infants  dear 
She  gave  them  bread  for  many  a  year." 
w.  In  memory  of  Bobt.  Harris.*     He  departed 
this  life  Octr.  ye  4,  1738,  in  ye  .6  year  of  his  age. 

126.  2ft.  n.  from  125  on  a  s.u.s.;  w.f.w.,  portions  of 
it  all  crumbled  away.     Memory  of  A  ...  o  ... 
Thomas    Eagle,    ...    life  Dec.    ...   in  the   28 
.  .  .  of  her  age.     Mother  &  loving  ...  e  ... 

"...  care  .  .  . 
...  B  ..." 

127.  4ins.  n.  from  126  on  a  m.u.s.  ;  w.f.w.     In 
memory  of  Ann,  the  wife  of  John  Parker.     She 
died  November  ye  14th,  1715,  in  ye  58  year  of  her 
age.     Also  of  Elizabethf  ye  wife  of  John  Eliott. 
She  died  June  ye  18,  17(5  ?)  6,  in  ye  35th  year  of 
tier  age. 

"  The  sting  of  Death  has  done  with  me, 
Christ  my  Redeemer  has  set  me  free  ; 
The  Blood  that  run  free  from  his  side 
H  ...  S  ...  of  D  ..." 

128.  Close  to  127,  n.  from  it  on  a  m.u.s.;  w.f.w. 
To   the   memory    of    William   Parker,  %  late  an 
Alderman  of  this  Corporation,  and  one  of  the  first 
preachers  hi  the  Methodist  Chapel  in  this  town, 
who  departed  this  life  March   27,    1785,  in  the 
8(8  ?)  year  of  his  age. 

129.  Close  to  128,  n.  from  it  on  a  s.u.s.  ;  w.f.w. 
In   memory   of    Elizabeth   ye    wife   of    Edward 
Chapman,  who  died  December  ye  12,  1758,  in  ye 
27  year  of  her  age. 

130.  3ins.  n.  from    129   on  a  s.u.s.  ;  w.f.w.     In 
memory  of  Elizabeth,  the  wife  of  Thomas  Leighton, 
who  died  March  6th,  177.,  aged  68  years. 

"  My  days  I  spent  in  labour  pain, 
But  .  .  .  hope  in  Christ  to  Re  ..." 

131.  lin.  n.  from  130  on  a  m.  and  broad  u.s.  ; 
w.f.w.     Sacred  to  the  memory  of  Susanna  Sophia 
Augusta  Holder,  daughter  of  John  Alleyne  and 
S.  S.  G.  Holder,  who  departed  this  life  on  the  1 1th 
of  September,  1847,  aged  12  years. 

"  This  lovely  bud  so  young  and  fair, 

Call'd  hence  by  early  doom, 
Just  came  to  show  how  sweet  a  flower 
In  paradise  would  bloom." 

132.  IJyd.  n.w.   from  131  on  a  s.u.s.  ;  w.f.w., 
close  to  s.  wall  of  s.  aisle.     In  memory  of  John 
Maynard,   who   departed   this   life   on   the    12th 
of  January,    1836,  aged   83  years.     Also  of  Ann 
Allen,  sister  to  the  above. 

133.  2ins.    s.    from    132   on   a   m.u.s.  ;     w.f.w. 
In  memory  of  Susanna,  wife  of  John  Maynard, 
who  departed  this  life  on  the   1st  of  February, 
1843,  aged  62  years. 

"Be  ye  therefore  ready  also  :    for  the  Son  of 
man  cometh  at  an  hour  when  ye  think  not." 

134.  Close  to  133,  s.  from  it  on  a  similar  sized 
u.s.  ;    w.f.w.     In  memory  of   Susanna,   wife   of 
John  Maynard,  who  departed  this  life  on  the  3rd 


*  j  1759.  William  Knight,  of  the  Parish  St.  Paul's, 
was  buried  June  27. 


*  1738.  Buried,  Robert  Harris,  of  St.  Paul's, 
Baker,  Octr.  12th. 

t  1746.  Buried,  June  10,  Eliz.,  wife  of  John 
Elliott. 

%  1786.  William  Parker,  of  St.  Paul's  Parish, 
buried  Mch.  31. 


486 


NOTES 'AND  QUERIES.        riaax.jraES4.wM. 


of  March,  1841,  aged  53  years.  Also  Henry 
Larkins  Maynard,  grandson  of  the  above,  born 
Deer.  8th,  1839,  died  Jany.  14th,  1840. 

135.  Close  to  134,  s.  from  it  on  a  m.u.s.  ;  w.f.w. 
In  memory  of  Elizth.  Mennard,  who  died  Nov. 
22,  1792,  aged  13  years.  Also  Dorothy,  who  died 
Dec.  21,  1792,  aged  19  weeks.  Also  Ann,*  who 
died  March  28,  179(5?),  aged  5  years,  daughters 
of  James  and  Eliz.  Mennard. 

Four-lined  verse  almost  perished. 

L.  H.  CHAMBERS. 
(To  be  continued.) 


NICOLAS     SANDER     AND    THE 
UNIVERSITY    OF    LOUVAIN. 

IT  has  been  asserted  (e.g.,  by  T.  G.  Law,  in 
the  *  D.N.B.'  ;  by  Joseph  Gillow,  in  his 
'  Bibliographical  Dictionary  '  ;  by  the  late 
Dona  Norbert  Birt,  in  The  Downside  Review, 
xxxiv.,  p.  192;  by  Lewis,  in  his  edition  of 
Sander's  '  Anglican  Schism,'  p.  xix.  ;  and 
by  Mgr.  A.  S.  Barnes  in  his  recent  mono- 
graph, '  Bishop  Barlow  and  Anglican 
Orders,'  p.  105)  that  Sander,  during  his 
residence  at  Louvain,  which  lasted  from 
late  in  1564  down  to  Jan.  28,  1571-2,  became 
Regius  Professor  of  Theology  at  the  Uni- 
versity there.  There  was,  however,  no 
Regius  Professor  of  Theology  at  that 
University.  The  Emperor  Charles  V.  had 
founded  a  Regius  Professorship  of  Holy 
Scripture  and  a  Regius  Professorship  of 
Scholastics  or  Lectureship  on  the  Sentences  ; 
but  it  is  certain  that  no  Englishman  held 
either  of  these  Professorships  before  the 
Wykehamist  Thomas  Stapleton,  sometime 
Prebendary  of  Chichester  and  D.D.  of  the 
University  of  Douay,  was  appointed  to  the 
former  chair  in  1590. 

Philip  II.  endowed  a  Regius  Professor  of 
Catechesis,  and  a  Regius  Censor  Librorum  ; 
but  Sander  did  not  occupy  either  of  these 
positions.  He  was  not,  in  fact,  a  Regius 
Professor  of  any  kind.  But  perhaps  he  was 
a  Professor  of  Theology  simply,  as  asserted 
by  Fr.  J.  H.  Pollen,  S.J.,  in  the  'Catholic 
Encyclopaedia '  ?  This  also  must  be 
answered  in  the  negative.  There  were  at 
tliis  time  five  ordinary  professorships  at  the 
University,  to  which  were  annexed  two 
ancient  canonries,  the  parochial  cure,  and 
two  more  recent  canonries,  in  the  Collegiate 
Church  of  St.  Peter  in  the  City  of  Louvain. 

1.  The  first  professorship,  to  which  was 
annexed  the  Canonry  of  the  Altar  of  St. 
Andrew,  was  held  from  1549  to  1570  by 

*  1795.  March  30,  Ann,  daur.  of  James  Maynard. 


Josse  (or  Judocus  or  Jodacus)   Ravesteyn, 
as  to  whom  see  the  '  Catholic  Encyclopaedia.* 

2.  Robert  van  Maelcote  (Malcotius,  b.  1533 
or  1534,  d.   1578)  succeeded  Jan  Hessels  in 
the    second    professorship,    to    which    was 
annexed  the   Canonry  of   the   Holy   Ghost, 
on  Nov.   22,   1566.     He  took  the  degree  of 

!  S.T.P.  at  Louvain,  June  1,  1568,  and  held 
his  professorship  till  1569,  when  he  was 
succeeded  by  Jean  de  Lens  (Lensaeus), 
b.  at  Belceil  1541,  d.  at  Louvain,  July  2, 
1593. 

3.  The  third  professorship,  to  which  was 
annexed  the  parochial  cure,  was  held  from 
1559  to  1569  by  Cunerus  Petri,  i.e.,  Kuner 

j  Peeters,  of  Brouwershaven,  who,  on  becoming 

j  Bishop  of  Leeuwarden  in  1569,  was  succeeded 

by    Malcotius    above    mentioned.     Cuneras 

Petri,  who  had  taken  the  degree  of  S.T.P. 

at  Louvain  on  Nov.   12,  1560,  died  in  exile 

|  at  Cologne,  aged  49,  on  Feb.  15,  1580,  and 

|  was  buried  in  the   Cathedral  there  at  the 

I  altar  of  the  Holy  Magi. 

4.  The  fourth  professorship,  to  which  was 
(annexed   the   first    canonry    of   the   second 
!  foundation,  was   held   by   Thomas   Gozaeus 

(?  van  der  Goes),  of  Beaumont/in  Hainault, 

from  1560  to  1570.     He  also  had  taken  the 

degree  of   S.T.P.   at   Louvain  on  Nov.    12, 

1560,  and,  dying  at  the  Premonstratensian 

|  Abbey  of  Parc-lez- Lou  vain,  March  8,  1571, 

|  was  buried  in  the  Chapel  of  Savoy  College, 

|  of  which  he  was   the   first   President.     He 

!  was  succeeded  by  Joannes  Molanus  (sonTof 

!  Henry  Vermeulen,  of  Schoenhove,  a  citizen 

of  Louvain),  who  took  the  degree  of  S.T.P. 

at   Louvain   on   Sept.    12,    1570,    and   died 

Sept.  18,  1585,  being  buried  at  the  altar  of 

i  St.  Agnes  in  St.  Peter's.     He  is  often  con- 

j  fused,  as,  for  example,  he  was  in  the  B.M. 

I  Catalogue,   until  I   called  attention  to  the 

I  error,    with    the     later    Joannes     Molanus, 

author  of   the    '  Idea  Togatae  Constantiae,' 

!  published  at  Paris  in  1629,  who  was  John 

!  Mullan  of  Cork. 

5.  The  fifth  professorship,  to  which  was 
I  annexed  the  second  canonry  of  the  second 
!  foundation,     was     obtained     in     1561     by 

Cornelius  Jansen  of  Hulst  (b.  1510,  d.  1576), 
!  who  resigned  it  on  becoming  Bishop  of 
Ghent  in  1568,  and  was  succeeded  by  one 
Cornelius  Reiners  of  Gouda,  who  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Henri  de  Grave  (Grevius,  b.  at 
Louvain  1536,  d.  at  Rome  April  2,  1591). 

So  there  is  no  room  for  Sander  among  the 
ordinary  Professors  of  Theology  at  Louvain. 
My  authority  for  most  of  the  above  particu- 
lars is  the  '  Fasti  Academiei '  (2nd  ed., 


i2S.x.jrxE24,i922.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


487 


Louvain,  1650)  of  Valerius  Andreas,  of 
Deschelin,  Brabant,  J.U.D.  and  Regius 
Professor  of  Laws  in  the  University  of 
Louvain. 

Shortly  after  his  arrival  at  Louvain, 
Sander,  on  Dec.  18,  1564,  delivered  three 
theological  orations  in  the  public  schools  of 
the  University,  his  object,  doubtless,  being  to 
obtain  his  incorporation  as  S.T.P.  in  the 
University,  which  was  then  regarded  as  the 
most  famous  in  Europe.  Its  theological 
faculty  was  being  stirred  to  its  depths  at 
this  time  by  the  opinions,  conduct,  and 
condemnation  of  Michel  de  Bay  (Baius), 
the  forerunner  of  Jansenism.  Of  the  pro- 
fessors mentioned  above,  Hessels,  Gozaeus, 
and  Lensaeus  supported  Baius,  and  Rave- 
steyn,  Cunerus  Petri  and  others  opposed  him 
(see  Laderchi, '  Annales  Ecclesiastici '  (Rome, 
1728),  xxii.  366)  ;  but  there  is  no  echo  of 
this  controversy  in  Sander's  writings.  The 
English  colony  at  Louvain  was  quite  large 
enough  to  make  him  independent  of  Flemish 
society,  and  in  point  of  fact  he  seems  to  have 
kept  singularly  aloof  from  University  affairs. 
JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 


ROBERT  HERRICK'S  GRAVE  (see  ante, 
p.  426). — I  think  we  may  take  it  that  the 
ordinary  rule  in  England,  in  1674,  was  for 
incumbents  to  be  buried  inside  their  churches, 
and  in  that  portion  of  the  church  with  which 
they  were  specially  connected,  in  more  ways 
than  one,  the  chancel.  The  rule  rright  well 
give  way  to  any  contrary  desire  expressed 
by  the  incumbent  during  his  lifetime.  In 
Herrick's  case  we  seem  to  have  a  desire  for 
burial  outside  the  church  expressed  in  two 
of  his  poems.  In  the  lines  '  To  the  Bed-man, 
or  Grave -maker  'fcthe  poet  says  :  — 

Thou  hast  made'many  Houses  for  the  Dead ; 
When  my  Lot  calls  me  to  be  buried, 
For  Love  or  Pittie,  prethee  let  there  be 
I'  th'  Church-yard,  made,  one  Tenement  forme. 
In  the  lines   '  To  Robin  Red-Breast  '  he 
says : — 

Laid  out  for  dead,  let  thy  last  kindnesse  be 
With  leaves  and^mosse-work  for  to  cover  me  : 
And  while  the  Wpod-nimphs  my  cold  corps  inter 
Sing  thou  my  Dirge,  sweet-warbling  Chorister  ! 
For  Epitaph,  in  foliage,  next  write  this, 
Here,  here,  the  tomb^of  Robin  Herrick  is. 

M. 

"  COMPARISONS  ARE  ODIOUS." — The  first 
quotation  given  in  '  N.E.D.'  for  this  proverb 
is  from  Lydgate's  '  Fable  of  the  Horse,  the 
Sheep,  and  the  Goose  '  (c.  1430) :  "  Odious 
of  olde  been  comparison! s,  and  of  com- 
parisonis  engendyrd  is  haterede "  ;  and 


the  next  is  from  Lyly's  *  Euphues  '  (1579) : 
"  Least  comparisons  should  seeme  odious." 

But  an  interesting  example  between  these 
two  dates  is  omitted,  probably  because  it 
was  originally  written  in  Latin.  It  occurs 
in  Sir  John  Fortescue's  famous  tract  '  De 
Laudibus  Legum  Angliae,'  the  second  of 
the  two  essays  produced  by  him  for  the 
benefit  of  Edward,  Prince  of  Wales,  son  of 
King  Henry  VI.,  during  his  exile  in  Barrois. 
The  tract  was  probably  written  in  1470  or 
a  little  earlier.  In  cap.  xix.  the  exiled  Chief 
Justice  of  the  King's  Bench  says  : — 

Solum  jam  unum  de  his,  quibus  agitatur 
animus  tuus,  restat  explanandum,  viz.,  An,  ut 
Civiles,  ita  et  Anglorum  leges,  frugi  sint  et 
efficaces  isti  Anglie  regno,  ut  ille  imperio,  etiam 
et  accommode  judicari  mereantur.  Compara- 
tiones  vero,  Princeps,  ut  te  aliquando  dixisse  recolo, 
odiose  repiUantur ;  quo  eas  aggredi  non  delector,  etc. 
A.  R.  BAYLEY. 

'A  LITERARY  FEND.' — Under  the  above 
heading  Mr.  C.  H.  Irwin,  in  a  recent  issue 
of  The  Times,  refers  to  an  early  French 
edition  of  '  The  Pilgrim's  Progress,'  published 
at  Toulouse  in  1788,  and  bearing  a  stamp 
or  book-mark  well  known  to  Russian 
bibliophiles  :  *'  Se  vend  a  S.  Petersbourg, 
chez  G.  Klostermann,  Perspective  de  Newsky, 
vis-a-vis  la  rue  d'Isaac,  no.  69."  That  a 
note  on  one  of  the  fly-leaves  states  that  "  this 
book  was  picked  up  by  Lord  Tyrconnell 
(who  was  at  the  time  on  a  political  mission 
in  Russia)  on  the  field  of  battle  at  the 
Battle  of  Borodino,"  raises  an  interesting 
point.  The  title  of  Earl  of  Tyrconnell 
(Baron  Carpenter  and  Viscount  Carlingford) 
of  the  creation  1761  became  extinct  in  1853. 
I  cannot  trace  any  information  of  a  Lord 
Tyrconnell  on  a  political  mission  in  Russia 
at  the  time  of  the  Battle  of  Borodino,  which 
was  fought  in  1812. 

My  own  experience  of  book-finds  in  Russia 
suggests  that  the  writer  of  that  note  may 
have  been  an  astute  German  collector  and 
bookseller,  who  inscribed  it  so  as  to  enhance 
the  interest  and  value  of  his  own  acquisition 
in  the  eyes  of  prospective  purchasers. 
Some  of  these  fly-leaf  notes,  as  I  personally 
have  observed  in  Russia,  are  very  plausible, 
but  fade  into  insignificance  when  subjected 
to  closer  criticism.  In  1909  I  had  the  good 
fortune  to  acquire  a  rare  Jehan  Petit, 
Paris,  1507  edition  of  Virgil,  still  in  my 
possession,  from  a  well-known  antiquarian 
bookeller  in  St.  Petersburg,  who  incidentally 
assured  rne  that  it  was  one  of  a  few  more  in 
his  collection  that  had  originally  belonged 
to  Lord  Tyrawley  (James  O'Hara),  our 


488 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [12 S.X.JUNE 24,1922. 


Ambassador  Extraordinary  in  Russia  from  of  the  freeholders  inhabitants  of  Churchill 
1743-1745,  and  later  Field-Marshal,  pen- 1  appeared  at  this  leet  upon  the  summons  or 
sketched  for  us  by  Walpole  as  "  imperiously  j  warning  of  the  lords  or  owners  of  the  hundred 
blunt,  haughty  and  contemptuous,  with  !  or  of  their  officers. 

an  undaunted  portion  of  spirit,  a  great  deal  I  The  inhabitants  of  Churchill  had  paid  the 
of  humour  and  occasional  good  breeding,"  !  lord  up  to  six:  or  seven  years  past  43s.  9|d. 
characteristics  as  peculiarly  Russian  as  they  \  yearly  for  feudal  rents  and  duties  "  under 
are  Irish,  if  I  may  say  so  without  looking  i  the  feudal  names  of  ward  silver,  hidage, 
for  trouble.  With  the  exception  of  the  head  silver,  and  certainties  "  ;  these  were 
Virgil  these  books  bore  the  Tyrawley  gathered  by  the  tythingman  of  Churchill 
"  autograph.  and  by  him  paid  to  the  deponent.  He  had 

As  a  matter  of  fact,  the  "  autographs  "  seen,  he  said,  books  and  records  of  these 
in  question  were  not  genuine.  The  con-  |  payments,  but  remembered  no  particulars 
ventional  spelling  Tyrawley  which  I  use  other  than  his  own  book ;  the  inhabitants  of 
here  was  that  used  in  these  "  autographs."  Churchill  also  kept  a  staff  "  with  scores, 
This  spelling,  as  also  the  handwriting,  was  j  notches,  and  marks  thereon,  whereby  they 
not  true  according  to  original  family  docu-  |  knew  how  to  gather  the  particulars  "of  the 
ments  in  my  possession.  All  this  suggests  i  said  sum  of  43s.  9£d.  from  the  several 
to  me  that  the  writer  of  that  fly-leaf  note  inhabitants  or  freeholders."  The  staff  was 
Mr.  Irwin  refers  to  may  have  amiably  con-  j  delivered  from  one  tythingman  to  another  ; 
fused  the  names  Tyrawley  and  Tyrconnell.  |  but  had  been  lost  about  seven  years  before. 
And  yet  Tyrawley  died  in  1773  !  |  Another  witness,  who  had  been  steward  of 


Might  I  further  mention  that  my  Virgil 
bears  the  quaint  little  stamp  :  "  Se  vend 
chez  Klostermann,  rue  d'Isaac  NO  99,  a 
St.  Petersbourg,"  differing  in  detail,  as  may 
be  seen,  from  the  other  Klostermann  stamp 
referred  to  above. 

VALENTINE  J.  O'HARA. 

Authors'  Club,  Whitehall,  S.W.I. 

FEUDAL  PAYMENTS  IN  THE  HUNDRED. — 
The  following  notes  extracted  from  Ex- 
chequer Depositions,  19  James  L,  Hilary  5, 
in  P.R.O.,  illustrate  some  of  the  feudal 
payments  mentioned  in  the  discussion  of 
"  Hay  Silver  "  (ante,  pp.  409,  454).  ™- 


the  hundred  about  thirty  years  before  for 
seven  or  eight  years  and  was  now  again 
steward,  specified  the  feudal  sums  due 
from  Churchill  more  explicitly,  viz.,  at  the 
Feast  of  St.  Martin  the  Bishop  in  winter 
8s.  Sd.  ;  for  wardage  due  at  the  same  day 
Is.  l%d.  ;  for  chequer  fee  I2d.  :  and  for 
hidage  due  at  the  Feast  of  the  Annunciation 
and  Nativity  of  our  Lady  by  equal  portions 
32s.  6d.  He  had  seen  certain  Court  Rolls 
of  the  hundred  kept  by  a  former  steward 
and  the  staff  which  had  been  "broken, 
defaced,  or  purloined  by  some  of  the 
inhabitants  of  Churchill  of  purpose  to 
defraud  the  lord."  Payment  was  first  denied 


suit  was  between  Sir  Rowland  Lacy,  Kt.,  in  tne  time  of  the  last  lord»  Sir  Anthony 
lord  of  the  Hundred  of  Chadlington,  Oxon,  Cope.  E.  ST.  JOHN  BROOKS.  -£ 

and  Gilbert  Joyner  and  other  inhabitants  j 

of  the  village  of  Churchill  in  that  hundred  ;  i  51,  THREADNEEDLE  STREET.  —  The  de- 
it  concerned  certain  feudal  payments  due  to  j  molition  of  this  building  is  worth  recording, 
Sir  Rowland  Lacy  as  farmer  of  the  hundred.  |  as  its  very  distinctive  appearance  with 
The  depositions  were  taken  at  Shipton-  j  single  row  of  high  windows  and  large  basso- 
under-Wychwood  on  Jan.  14,  1621.  The  relievo  must  have  made  it  familiar  to  large 
bailiff  of  the  hundred,  who  had  been  bailiff  numbers.  Built  in  the  first  half  of  the 
in  the  lifetime  of  the  Countess  of  Warwick  nineteenth  century  as  the  Hall  of  Com- 
and  for  forty  -four  years,  deposed  that  Sir  !  merce,  it  never  seemed  to  have  achieved 


Edward  Unton,  Kt.,  and  the  Countess  of 


its  purpose  of  excelling  the  Royal  Exchange 


Warwick,  his  wife,  had  been  lord  and  lady  or  other  open  Exchanges.  The  basso 
or  owners  of  the  hundred  ;  then  Sir  Henry  !  relievo  presumably  represented  Commerce 
Unton,  Kt.,  then  Sir  Anthony  Cope,  Kt.,  j  sending  her  benefits  to  all  people.  The 
and  now  Sir  Rowland  Lacy,  Kt.,  who  held  |  actual  subject  and  its  artist  are  not  known 
it  in  fee  farm  from  the  King  as  his  predeces-  i  to  me,  but  the  figures  are  nearly  all  Early 
sors  had  done  at  a  rent  of  £5  10s.  The  !  Victorian.  In  1847,  Edward  Moxhay  is 
leet  or  landay  of  Churchill,  he  stated,  was  j  described  as  the  proprietor,  so  probably 
kept  or  held  for  and  in  the  right  of  the  lords  !  the  idea  originated  with  him.  Even  then 
or  owners  of  the  hundred,  and  all  or  most  i  it  was  little  more  than^a  block  of  offices, 


12  S.X.JUNE  24,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


489 


but  soon  these  were  merged  and  became 
the  London  centre  of  the  Comptoir 
d'Escompte  or  some  insurance  office.  The 
semicircular  range  of  columns  in  the 
interior  suggested  its  original  purpose  as  a  j 
hall  of  commerce.  ALECK  ABRAHAMS. 

JOHN  STOW  AND  THE  NEW  RIVER. — In 
'  Lives  of  the  Engineers,'  by  Samuel  Smiles 
(1862),  vol.  i.,  p.  113,  it  is  stated  that  Stowi 
records  in  his  'Survey'  (ed.  1633)  that  he| 
himself  rode  down  divers  times  to  see  the  I 
progress  made  in  the  cutting  and  construct-  j 
ing  the  New  River,  and  "  diligently  observed 
that  admirable  art,  pains  and  industry  were 
bestowed  for  the  passage  of  it,"  &c.  Such 
was  not  the  fact. 

Stow's  '  Survay  of  London '  was  first 
published  in  1598.  Stow  died  in  1605,  as 
recorded  on  his  monument  (just  restored) 
in  the  Church  of  St.  Andrew  Undershaft, 
but  the  construction  of  the  New  River  was 
not  begun  until  about  four  years  after  his 
death.  It  was  opened  with  considerable 
ceremony  in  1613. 

Stow's  literary  executor  was,  according  to  j 
the  '  D.N.Bi.,'  Anthony  Muiiday,  and  hej 
published,  in  1618,  an  edition  of  Stow's  I 
'  Survay  of  London.'  Stow's  '  Survey ' 
dated  1633  was  a  later  edition,  presumably 
also  by  Munday.  He  therefore  was  probably  j 
the  author  of  the  words  attributed  by 
Smiles  to  John  Stow. 

W.  M.  MYDDELTON. 

Woodhall  Spa. 


(Queried 

WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries 
in  order  that  answers  may  be  sent  to  them  direct. 


"  Qui  STREPIT  IN  CAMPO." — An  Oxford 
undergraduate,  writing  Aug.  3,  1695,  men- 
tions a  horse-race  in  Port  Meadow,  where 
a  great  many  scholars  were  gathered,  on 
the  previous  Thursday,  July  28.  "The 
undergraduates  of  our  house,"  he  writes, 
"  were  all  welcomed  home  with  an  imposi- 
tion of  forty  lines  "  ;  and  then  he  adds, 
"  Qui  strepit  in  campo,  hie  silet  in  scholis." 
This  may  have  been  the  subject  set  for  the 
exercise,  but  I  fancy  it  is  a  quotation, 
perhaps  modified  to  suit  the  occasion.  If 
so,  I  should  be  glad  of  the  reference,  and, 
as  I  am  writing,  should  also  be  glad  of  any 
other  reference  to  the  horse-race. 

JOHN  R.  MAGRATH. 

Queen's  College,  Oxford. 


"  GILL  ALE." — In  The  Daily  Post  (London) 
of  Jan.  4,  1742,  it  is  recorded  that  "  last 
week  died,  in  wealthy  circumstances,  Mr. 
John  Meak,  Clerk  and  Principal  Manager 
at  Mr.  Lloyd's  Pale  and  Gill  Ale  Brewhouse 
in  Golden  Lane."  The  earliest  illustrative 
quotation  for  "  gill  ale "  in  '  N.E.D.'  is 
from  Johnson  of  1755 :  "  Gill,  a  malt 
liquor  medicated  with  ground-ivy."  Does 
the  extract  given  above  not  also  furnish 
a  very  early  illustration  of  "  pale  ale,"  a> 
combination  which  a  few  years  since  was 
to  be  more  commonly  found  in  France  than 
in  England,  where  it  has  largely  died  out  ? 
ALFRED  ROBBINS. 

CASE  BEFORE  LORD  LANGDALE  :  DEATH 
PRESUMED. — I  have  read  somewhere  that 
when  Lord  Langdale  was  Master  of  the 
Rolls,  i.e.,  between  1836  and  1851,  he  was 
asked  to  presume  the  death  of  a  certain 
tenant  for  life  of  a  fund  in  court,  and  to 
make  an  order  for  the  distribution  of  the 
money.  Nothing  had  been  heard  of  the 
tenant  for  life  for  twenty  years  or  more, 
and  Lord  Langdale  accordingly  made  the 
order  ;  but  when  it  was  taken  to  the  proper 
office  to  be  entered,  the  clerk  whose  duty 
it  was  to  enter  it  turned  out  to  be  the  tenant 
for  life  whose  death  had  been  presumed. 
He  eventually  proved  his  identity  to  the 
satisfaction  of  the  court,  though  for  many 
years  he  had  been  living  under  an  assumed 
name.  Can  this  story  be  substantiated  ? 
JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

JOE  MANTON. — The  biographical  account, 
in  the  '  D.N.B.,'  of  this  famous  gunmaker 
to  George  III.,  George  IV.  and  the  King  of 
France,  inventor  of  so  ma*ny  improvements 
in  guns,  makes  no  mention  of  his  parentage. 
Col.  Peter  Hawker,  in  his  book  '  Instructions 
to  Young  Sportsmen,'  recently  reprinted,  is 
equally  silent  on  the  subject.  Can  anyone 
supply  the  deficiency  ?  Other  particulars 
as  to  his  family  would  also  be  welcome. 

E.  W. 

ANTISEPTIC  ISLAND. — Mr.  P.  W.  Joyce, 
LL.D.,  states  in  his  '  Wonders  of  Ireland  * 
(1911):— 

There  is  an  island  about  half  a  mile  in  length 
called  Inishglara,  lying  one  mile  from  the  coast 
of  Erris  and  five  miles  west  of  Belmullet  in 
Mayo,  which  in  old  times  was  very  much  cele- 
brated ;  for  its  air  and  soil  had  the  virtue  of 
preserving  the  bodies  of  the  dead  from  decay. 
.  .  .  They  retained  their  ordinary  looks  un- 
changed ;  and  their  nails  and  hair  grew  quite 
naturally,  so  that  a  person  was  able  to  recognize 
not  only  his  father  and  grandfather,  but  even 
his  ancestors  to  a  remote  generation.  .  .  .  This 


490 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        r  12  S.X.JUNE  24,1022. 


property  is  mentioned  in  several  of  the  old  MSS. 
books  and  also  by  Nennius  and  Giraldus. 

Can  any  reader  furnish  other  instances  of 
antiseptic  rocks,  soils  and  atmosphere  ? 

S.  A. 

[This  seems  to  be  another  phase  of  a  subject, 
*  The  Effect  of  Opening  a  Coffin,'  dealt  with  in 
11  S.  xii.  300,  363,  388,  448,  465.] 

COMMODORE  GALE,  LEGENDARY. — In  the 
'  Recollections  of  James  Anthony  Gardner, 
Commander,  R.N.,  1775-1814'  (Navy 
R  ecords  Society,  vol.  xxxi.,  1906),  the 
following  passage  occurs  (p.  69)  : — 

...  so  singing  the  old  song  : — 
I  hate  this   damned  watching  and  trudging  the 

deck; 

The  most  we  can  get,  boys,  at  best  is  a  check  ; 
Sit  still  then,  and  let  the  lieutenants  all  rail, 
We'll    ride    out    the    breeze — says    Commodore 

Gale. 

And  on  p.  87  : — 

This  Frost  was  a  complete  Commodore  Gale 
and  went  by  the  name  of  Hard  Frost. 

Can  any  reader  refer  me  to  the  complete 
song,  or  explain  the  allusion  ? 

FRED.  R.  GALE. 

Selby,  Gerrards  Cross. 

'  GALE'S  RECREATIONS.' — Is  anything 
known  of  John  Gale,  author  of  '  Gale's 
Cabinet  of  Knowledge ;  or,  Miscellaneous 
Recreations  ;  containing  Moral  and  Philo- 
sophical Essays,  Propositions,  Natural  and 
Metaphysical  Maxims,  and  Observations  on 
Select  Subjects  of  General  Utility ;  with 
a  series  of  Easy,  Entertaining  and 
Interesting  Mechanical,  Magnetical  and 
Magical  Experiments,'  &c.  (1799)  ? 

FRED.  R.  GALE. 
Selby,  Gerrards  Cross. 

Louis  DE  MALE. — This  individual  inherited 
Artois  from  his  grandmother,  Margaret  of 
France,  comtesse  douairiere  de  Flandre,  in 
1388.  He  had  an  only  daughter,  Margaret, 
who  married  Philippe  le  Hardi,  due  de 
Bourgogne.  Where  exactly  -was  Male  ? 
What  is  the  present  form  of  the  name  ? 
Or  what  name  of  entirely  different  origin 
has  been  substituted  for  Male  ?  What  is 
the  etymology  of  "  Male  "  ? 

ARTHUR  MAYALL. 

3,  Church  Street,  Southpert., 

"  GEORGE  STANDFAST." — What  was  the 
real  name  of  "  George  Standfast,"  who 
illustrated  an  edition  of  '  D'Horsay '  in 
1902  ?  W.  ABB  ATT. 

Tarrytown,  N.Y. 


FRENCH  COINAGE  AND  THE  BIRMINGHAM 
MINT.— On  Nov.  26,  1802  (that  is  to  say, 
during  the  thirteen  months'  peace  after 
the  Treaty  of  Amiens  of  March  in  that  year), 
Joseph  Farington,  R.A.,  describes  in  his 
Diary  the  visit  of  Admiral  Lord  Gardner  to 
the  Birmingham  Mint,  where  Mr.  Boulton, 
the  proprietor,  stated  to  him  that  it  had 
been  proposed  to  make  a  fresh  coinage 
there  for  France,  which,  including  gold, 
silver,  and  copper  issues,  would  be  one 
hundred  millions  of  pieces.  Were  these 
French  coins  struck  at  the  Birmingham 
Mint  then  or  afterwards  ? 

J.  LANDFEAR  LUCAS. 

101,  Piccadilly. 

THE  ATTRACTIONS  OF  PARIS. — Mr.  H. 
Gordon  Selfridge,  in  a  lecture  before  the 
Rotarian  Club  at  the  Hotel  Cecil,  London, 
explained  the  increased  and  increasing 
attractions  of  Paris  for  American  people. 
When  did  that  city  first  become  an  inter- 
national centre  for  female  fashions  ?  Biblio- 
graphical references  will  be  valued. 

J.  LANDFEAR  LUCAS. 

101,  Piccadilly. 

SCOTTISH  GENEALOGY. — It  would  be  inter- 
esting to  receive  authenticated  answers 
from  those  readers  who  are  well  up  in 
Scottish  genealogy  to  the  following  queries : — 

1.  Who  was  the  father  of  Euphemia,  the  wife 
of  David,  Earl  of  Strathern,  the  son  of  Robert  II., 
King  of  Scotland  ? 

2.  Who  was   the  wife  of  John  Steward,   the 
second   Lord   of   Lorn,   whose   daughters,   Isobel 
and  Margret,  married  Colin  Campbell,  first  Earl 
of  Argyll,  and  Colin  Campbell,  first  of  Glenorchy, 
respectively  ? 

3.  Who  was  the  wife  of  George,  fourth  Lord 
Halyburton  ? 

4.  Who  was  the  father   of    Janet,  the  wife  of 
William,  sixth  Earl  of  Glencairn  ? 

5.  Who  was  the  wife  of  Hugh  Fraser,  fourth  of 
Culbokie  ? 

6.  Who  was  the  wife  of  Hugh  Fraser,  second  of 
Struy  ? 

7.  Who  was  the  father  of  Elizabeth,  wife  of 
Hugh  Fraser,  third  of  Struy  ? 

8.  Who  was  the  wife  of  Hugh  Fraser,  fourth 
of  Struy,  and  what  was  the  name  of  his  daughter 
who  married  John  Grant,  fifth  of  Glenmoriston  ? 

RONALD  D.  WHITTENBURY-KAYE. 
Newchurch,  Culcheth,  near  Warrington. 

GROOMBRIDGE   PLACE,   KENT. — The  pre- 
sent  Groombridge   Place  was   built  in   the 
second    half    of    the    seventeenth    century, 
|  and  the  house  occupies  only  a  part  of  the 
j  ground    within  the  moat.     Its   predecessor 
I  is  said  to  have  occupied  the  whole  of  the 


12 S.X.JUNE 24, 1922.1         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


491 


ground,    and    there    is    believed    to    be    in 
existence  a  painting  or  print  of  this  earlier 
house.     Can  anyone  inform  me  where  this 
may  be  found  ?      HERBERT  C.  ANDREWS. 
21,  St.  Faith's  Road,  Dulwich,  S.E.21. 

"  O  ET  OLLA." — In  the  records  of  Ely 
Abbey  this  entry  occurs  several  times,  always 
in  connexion  with  a  liberal  expenditure  of 
money,  apparently  pointing  to  a  feast  for 
friends  or  tenants.  Olla  is  easy  enough. 
But  what  of  the  O  ?  It  has  been  suggested 
that  Olla  should  be  Alia,  i.e.,  Alleluia  ;  but 
I  think  this  improbable. 

RICHARD  H.  THORNTON. 

Portland,  Oregon. 

-RISING  GLASSES."— In  an  advertise- 
ment of  the  sale  of  the  contents  of  the 
studio  of  the  painter  Lemuel  Abbott,  it  is 
said  that  they  include,  besides  several 
portraits  of  distinguished  persons,  "  a  neat 
repository  for  paints,  rising  glasses,  and 
numerous  articles  used  in  the  profession." 
What  are  "  rising  glasses "  ?  I  do  not 
remember  to  have  seen  them  mentioned  in 
descriptions  of  the  studio  equipment  of 
other  eighteenth-century  portrait  painters. 
Can  the  term  refer  to  the  mirrors  used  by 
some  artists  when  painting,  in  which  they 
can  see  the  reflection  of  the  work  on  which 
they  are  engaged  ?  W.  T.  W. 

THE  STAR  CLUB. — In  a  recent  catalogue 
of  second-hand  books  is  the  item,  '  Me- 
morials of  the  Star  Club,  n.d.  (1852).'  Can 
any  of  your  readers  afford  information 
regarding  .it  ?  Years  ago  I  found  a  set  of 
the  handsome  gilt  buttons  which  adorned 
the  cliab  dinner  coat.  They  had  belonged 
to  my  grandfather,  and  I  have  a  faint 
recollection  of  being  told  that  the  club  con- 
sisted of  members  of  Parliament  who 
belonged  to  the  Refonn;|Party. 

RORY  FLETCHER. 

GUINNESS. — In  her  '  Recollections  of  the 
Emperor  Napoleon*  (2nd  ed.,  1845),  Mrs. 
Abell  mentions  a  Mr.  Guinness,  bandmaster 
on  board  the  General  Kid,  lying  in  St. 
James's  Harbour,  during  the  time  Napoleon 
was  at  St.  Helena.  A  footnote  states  that, 
in  1845,  Mr.  Guinness  was  a  member  of  the 
Royal  Society  of  Musicians  and  the  well- 
known  leader  of  the  orchestra  at  the  Almack's 
balls.  Could  any  reader  refer  me  to  any 
records  of  the  Royal  Society  of  Musicians  or 
of  Almack's  balls,  or  other  source  where 


information    in    connexion    with    this    Mr. 
Guinness  could  be  obtained  ? 

GERTRUDE  THRIFT. 
79,  Grosvenor  Square,  Rathmines,  Dublin. 

EARL  OF  CAMBRIDGE. — Cooper,  in  his 
'  Annals  of  Camb.,'  says,  under  1342  : — 

John   of   Hainault,   uncle  to   Queen   Philippa, 
was  advanced  to  the  dignity  of  Earl  of  Cambridge  ; 
his  arms  were  quarterly  1  and  4,  or  a  lion  rampant 
sa. ;  2  and  3,  or  a  lion  rampant  gu. 
In  a  footnote  he  says  : — 

The  lion  in  the  1st  and  4th  quarters  ought  to 
be  without  tongue  or  nails,  for  a  reason  which 
the  curious  reader  will  find  recorded  in  Augustine 
Vincent's  '  Discovery  of  Erroures,'  page  92. 

Can  anybody  give  what  Vincent  says  ? 
I  notice  that  in  Speed's  1610  map  of  Cam- 
bridgeshire they  are  represented  as  both 
tongued  and  armed.  A.  G.  KEALY, 

Chaplain,  R.N.  (ret.). 

Maltby,  Yorks. 


ROWLAND    STEPHENSON,    M.P. 

(12  S.  x.  421.) 

WHILE  I  recognize  SIR  ALFRED  ROBBINS'S 
well-earned  reputation  as  an  authority  on 
matters  Cornish  and  matters  of  electoral 
history,  I  have  no  shadow  of  doubt  in 
challenging  his  accuracy  in  the  note  at  the 
above  reference,  both  with  regard  to  his  sug- 
gestion of  the  possible  identity  of  the  M.P.  for 
Carlisle  in  1787  and  the  M.P.  for  Leominster 
in  1827,  and  in  his  date  of  the  Newport 
election  at  which  the  fraudulent  banker 
was  a  candidate. 

At  the  date  of  his  flight  from  England  in 
1828,  Rowland  Stephenson,  M.P.  for.  Leo- 
minster,  is  described  in  a  contemporary 
paper  (quoted  by  Mr.  Hilton  Price  in  his 
'Handbook  of  London  Bankers'),  as  being 
then  "  about  50  years "  of  age,  which 
effectually  disposes  of  the  possibility  of  his 
identity  with  the  Carlisle  M.P.  of  1787,  who, 
by  the  way,  was  not  returned  to  Parliament, 
as  SIR  ALFRED  states,  in  November,  1786  ; 
he  was  a  candidate  at  the  election  in  that 
month,  but  -did  not  gain  the  seat  till  the 
determination  of  his  petition  against  his 
successful  rival  in  February,  1787.  This 
Rowland  Stephenson  died  on  Nov.  30, 
1807,  aged  79. 

Rowland  Stephenson  (II.)  was  returned 
for  Leominster  at  the  General  Election  of 
1826  on  a  double  return,  and  gained  the 


492 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [12 S.X.JUNE 24, 1922. 


seat  on  Feb.  16,  1827,  when  Thomas 
Bish,  the  lottery  contractor,  who  had  been 
returned  with  him,  was  unseated.  He  was 
not  a  candidate  for  Newport  or  for  any  con- 
stituency other  than  Leominster  at  the 
General  Election  of  1826,  and  the  state- 
ment of  SIB  ALFBED  ROBBINS  that  he  con- 
tested simultaneously  one  seat  as  a  Whig 
and  another  as  a  Tory,  which  savours  of 
the  obviously  absurd,  is  simply  a  figment  of 
imagination  due  to  the  assumption  of  in- 
accurate premises.  Stephenson  contested 
Newport  in  March,  1823,  against  Jonathan 
Raine,  who  had  vacated  his  seat  by  accept- 
ing a  Welsh  judgeship.  Raine  was  re- 
elected,  polling  40  votes  to  36  for  Stephen- 
son.  If  SIB  ALFBED  ROBBINS  will  refer  to 
The  Royal  Cornwall  Gazette  of  March  29,  1823, 
he  will  find  this  date  confirmed. 

Rowland  Stephenson  (II.)  was  the  son  of 
Edward  Stephenson,  who  died  in  1768, 
having  been  President  and  Governor  of 
Fort  William  in  Bengal  for  the  brief  space 
of  one  day  in  1728,  on  the  strength  of  which 
he  appears  to  have  been  known  afterwards 
permanently  as  "  Governor  Stephenson." 
This  Rowland  was  a  partner  in  the  banking 
firm  of  Bland,  Grey  and  Stephenson,  Lom- 
bard Street,  in  1759,  a  firm  which  appears 
in  Hilton  Price's  list  of  bankers  for  that 
year  and  also  for  1765.  In  1766  he  is  found 
as  a  partner  in  Batson,  Stephenson  and 
Hoggart  (previously  Knight,  Batson  and 
Co.),  also  in  Lombard  Street,  and  members 
of  his  family  were  partners  in  this  bank  till 
its  collapse  at  the  end  of  1828.  In  a  list 
for  1794  the  name  "  Stephensons  "  stands 
first,  the  style  being  Stephensons,  Batsons, 
Remington  and  Smith.  The  name  of  Bat- 
son  was  omitted  in  1812;  in  1821"  Stephen - 
sons  "  dropped  the  plural  termination,  and 
from  1824  to  the  end  the  name  of  Remington 
took  precedence  of  Stephenson,  the  firm 
(then  styled  Remington,  Stephenson,  Rem- 
ington and  Toulmin)  being  generally  known 
as  Remington's  bank.  Rowland  (I.)  in- 
troduced into  the  firm  his  cousin  John, 
who  was  father  of  Rowland  (II.),  by  whom 
he  was  succeeded  in  the  partnership.  Row- 
land (II.)  married  the  eldest  daughter  of 
Edward  Stephenson  of  Farley  Hill,  who 
was  the  only  son  of  Rowland  (I.).  This 
Edward  had  a  son,  Rowland  (III.),  who 
assumed  the  name  of  Standish  and  died  in 
1843. 

According  to  the  '  Annual  Register '  for 
1829  (Chronicle,  p.  186),  Rowland  (II.), 
after  his  flight  from  London,  proceeded  to 


Clovelly,  and  thence  to  Milford  Haven, 
where  he  embarked  on  a  vessel  bound  for 
Savannah.  So  far  as  I  have  been  able  to 
ascertain,  nothing  is  known  of  him  after  he 
left  Milford.  The  year  and  date  of  his 
death,  as  in  the  case  of  two  other 
famous  senatorial  rogues  (Andrew  Cochrane 
Johnstone,  Dundonald's  uncle,  and  James 
Sadleir),  both  of  whom  were  expelled  from 
Parliament,  have  not  been  recorded. 

ANDREW  B.  BE  A  YEN. 
Leamington. 

There  were  two  Rowland  Stephensons. 
The  one  who  sat  for  Carlisle  in  1786  died 
Nov.  30,  1807,  at  the  age  of  80.  He  was  one 
of  Romney's  earliest  friends,  and  he  sat  to 
him  for  his  portrait  in  1784  (see  Ward  and 
Roberts,  '  Catalogue  Raisonne  of  Romney's 
Works,'  p.  150).  The  later  Rowland  Stephen- 
son,  the  whilom  owner  of  the  Garrick- 
Hogarth-Shakespeare  chair,  in  whom  SIB 
ALFBED  ROBBINS  is  more  particularly  inter- 
ested, was  the  second  son  of  John  Stephen- 
son,  cousin  of  Romney's  friend,  the  banker, 
Rowland  Stephenson  the  elder.  Rowland 
Stephenson,  M.P.,  the  younger,  the  banker 
and  bankrupt,  married  the  eldest  daughter 
of  Edward  Stephenson,  who  was  the  only  son 
of  Rowland  Stephenson  the  elder  ;  and  thus 
the  two  families  were  doubly  allied  by  mar- 
riage, as  well  as  being  associated  in  the 
banking  business.  The  absconding  and 
fraudulent  banker  was  educated  at  Eton 
(second  form  1796,  fourth  form  1799). 
"  Went  to  America  "  is  the  laconic  comment 
which  follows  a  few  details  about  him  in 
Stapylton's  'Eton  School  Lists'  (1864). 

W.    ROBEBTS. 
18,  King's  Avenue,  S.W.4. 

REID  THE  MOUNTEBANK  (12  S.  x.  409).— 
Reid,  as  often  known  as  Read,  who  died  in 
1715,  was  a  well-known  charlatan  in  his 
day.  To  Stella,  Swift  wrote  on  April  11, 
1711  : — 

Henley  would  fain  engage  me  to  go  with  Steele 
and  Howe,  to  an  invitation  at  Sir  William  Read's. 
Surely  you  have  heard  of  him.  He  has  been  a 
mountebank,  and  is  the  Queen's  oculist ;  he 
makes  admirable  punch,  and  treats  you  in  gold 
vessels.  But  I  am  engaged  and  won't  go,  neither 
indeed  am  I  fond  of  the  jaunt. 

In  Dr.  Radcliffe's  'Life'  (1724),  p.  41, 
it  is  recorded  : — 

Read,  the  mountebank,  who  has  assurance 
enough  to  come  to  our  table  upstairs  at  Garra way's, 
swears  he'll  stake  his  coach  and  six  horses,  his 
two  blacks,  and  as  many  silver  trumpets,  against 
a  dinner  at  Pontack's. 

MB.     WAINEWBIGHT    will    learn    further 


12  S.X.JUNE  24,  i922/i        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


493 


respecting  Read  in  '  Some  Notable  Quacks,'  j  yards  beyond  the  Capon  Tree.  ...  It  is  close  to 
British  Medical  Journal  (1911),  p.  1264.          i the  ed&e  of  the  wood. 

J.  PAUL  DE  CASTRO.      I  ^ut  PernaPs  the  King  of  the  Woods  has  now 

I  disappeared. 

THE  ADVENTURES  OF  A  COIN  (12  S.  x.  !  If  "capon"'  is  a  corruption  of  "  covin," 
452). — Any  account  of  the  literature  relating  j  or  "  covine,"  or  ''  coven,"  the  tree  was 
to  the  adventures  of  a  coin  should  include  i  probably  a  place  where  witches  assembled. 


the  ballad,  attributed  to  Jonathan  Swift, 
'  The  Jacks  put  to  their  Trumps  '  :  a  Tale 
of  King  James'  Irish  Shilling.  London : 
Printed  and  sold  by  R.  Burleigh,  in  Amen- 
corner,  1714.  (Price  3d.)' 

FRED.  R.  GALE. 
Gerrards  Cross. 


In  this  connexion  the  following  may  be   jssueci    > 
noted  : — 

The    Splendid     Shilling,'    in 


JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

'  THE  BRITISH  AND  FOREIGN  REVIEW  ' 
(12  S.  x.  453).— The  British  Museum  Cata- 
logue states  that  The  British  and  Foreign 
Review ;  or,  European  Quarterly  Journal, 
was  first  issued  in  1835,  and  ceased  publica- 
tion in  1844,  eighteen  volumes  in  all  being 
^ARCHIBALD  SPARKE.' 


Philips    (John), 
'  Works,'  1708. 

Addison,    '  Adventures    of   a    Shilling,'  Tatler, 
Nov.  11,  1710. 

Bathurst  (Richard),    '  Adventures   of   a  Half-  j 
Penny,'    Adventurer,  April,  1753. 

Johnston  (Charles),  '  Chrysal,  or  the  Adventures  j 
of  a  Guinea,'  1760/1. 

J.  ARDAGH. 


Does  MR.  ANEURIN  WILLIAMS  mean  The 
Home  and  Foreign  Review,  edited  bv  Richard 


Simpson,  1862  to  1864 


JOHN  B.  WAIXEWRIGHT. 


THE  CAPON  TREE  IN  JED  WATER  (12  S. 
x.  450).— In  the  fifth  volume  (N.S.)  of  the 


SPENCER  SMITH  (12  S.  x.  370). — I  regret 
inability  to  answer  the  query,  but 
should  like  to  ask  whether  the  wife  of  John 
Spencer  Smith  was  not  Byron's  '"  Florence," 
apostrophized  in  the  lines  '  To  Florence,' 
which  was  written  at  Malta  in  September, 


Transactions  of  the  Cumberland  and  West-  ,  18<}9,  in  '  Childe  Harold's  Pilgrimage,' 
morland  Antiquarian  and  Archaeological  j  canto  ii>5  st>  30>  and  in  the  <  Stanzas  corn- 
Society,  pp.  129-142,  Mr.  Henry  Penfold  !  posed  during  a  Thunderstorm'  on  the  road 
gives  a  fairly  exhaustive  account  of  the  to  Zitza,  Oct.  11,  1809?  The  lady  is  thus 
capon  tree  at  Brampton,  and  refers  to  those  mentioned  in  a  letter  to  his  mother  from 
at  Alnwick  Castle  and  near  Jedburgh.  Malta 


He  quotes  from  George  Tate's  '  History  of 
Alnwick,  from  Jamieson's  '  Dictionary,' 
from  London's  '  Arboretum  and  Fruti- 


This  letter  is  committed  to  the  charge  of  a  very 
extraordinary  lady,  whom  you  have  doubtless 
heard  of,  Mrs.  Spencer  Smith,  of  whose  escape 


cetum,'  from  Bosworth's  '  Anglo-Saxon  Die-  ;  ^ejMarquis  fnflilli'S!!!!?1^^ 
tionary,'  and  other  sources  of  inform 
and    comes    to    the    conclusion    that 
derived    from    cepan,     which,     among 


j  fertile  in  remarkable  incidents,  that  in  a  romance 
its    they  would  appear  improbable.     She  was  born  at 


meanngs,    has     "to    go    about,    to    betake    Constantinople,  where  her  father,  Baron  Herbert, 
oneself  to,"  and  interprets  it  as  a  trysting-  i  was  Austrian  Ambassador  ;    married  unhappily, 


tree,     meeting-place,     or   rendezvous.       He 


,  yet    has    never    been    impeached    in    point    of 

—  j    character ;    excited  the  vengeance  of  Bonaparte 

dismisses  some  other  interpretations  and  |  by  taking  a  part  in  some  conspiracy ;  several 
mentions  that  the  Brampton  tree  was  used  |  times  risked  her  life,  and  is  not  yet  five-and- 
as  a  gibbet  for  six  of  the  local  rebels  in  1745.  I  twenty.  She  is  here  on  her  way  to  England  to 
He  gives  a  picture  of  the  tree  as  it  was  ^ereThe^^a ^n^a ^^^her^mother^b6' 
in  1833,  and  says  that  nothing  now  remains  ;  ^approach^the^t-enc^fand  embarifs  soon  in 
of  it  but  the  "  site  of  the  Capon  Tree."  j  a  ship  of  war.  Since  my  arrival  here  I  have  had 

JOHN  R.   MAGRATH.f    j  scarcely    any    other    companion.     I    have   found 


Queen's  College,  Oxford.  ^m  J 

MR.  HILSON  calls  this  venerable  oak  ''j(the 
last  survivor  of  the  ancient  Jed  Forest  "  ; 
but  Mr.  M.  J.  B.  Baddeley,  in  '  Scotland,' 
Part  III.  (5th  ed.,  1908)M  p.  174,  writes  : 


Another  survivor 


. 

'  to  the  same  forest,  i  OAR\   M9  S    -v 


her  very  pretty,  very  accomplished,  and  extremely 
eccentric.  Bonaparte  is  even  now  so  incensed 
against  her  that  her  life  would  be  in  danger  if 
she  were  taken  prisoner  a  second  time. , 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 
SIR  WM.  HENRY  CLINTON,  G.C.B.  (1769- 


_  T 


an   olrl   nrini- 


wood  on  the  left  of  the  road  starting  about  80  ;  being    a   portrait    of    Sir    William    Clinton, 


494 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        r  12  s.x.  JUNE  24,1922. 


but  I  have  nothing  to  prove  this,  nor  do 
I  know  if  he  was  the  same  person  as  the 
one  referred  to  by  your  correspondent. 
Judging  from  the  dress — the  sitter  is  not  in 
uniform — the  portrait  would  date  about 
1835,  and  the  printer's  name  appears  to  be 
B.  J.  Rauh.  FREDERIC  CROOKS. 

Eccleston  Park,  Prescot. 

SALAD  (12  S.  x.  389,  436,  473).— There 
does  not  appear  to  be  any  particular  reason 
why  a  salad  should  require  a  madman  (or 
madcap)  to  mix  it.  The  point  in  the  tail  of 
the  saying,  as  I  have  heard  it  both  in  Italy 
and  in  England,  appears  to  be  missed  in 
the  examples  given  in  your  columns.  The 
usual  form  is,  I  believe,  "  a  spendthrift  for 
the  oil,  a  miser  for  the  vinegar,  a  counsellor 
for  the  salt,  and  [=then]  any  fool  can  mix  it." 

The  Italians  are  very  happy  in  such 
sayings — as,  for  instance,  their  desiderata 
for  coffee,  "  Black  as  the  devil,  hot  as  hell, 
and  sweet  as  honey " — and  always  have 
been ;  "  Vino  di  mezzo,  oglio  di  sopra,  e 
mele  di  sotto,"  has  an  ancestry  as  old  at 
least  as  Macrobius  («  Sat.,'  vii.  12). 

The  French  consider  that  a  salad,  even  if 
prepared  secundum  artem,  requires  a  correc- 
tive, hence  their  proverb  : — 

Qui  vin  ne  boit  apres  salade 
Est  en  danger  d'etre  malade. 

Burton  ('Anatomy  of  Melancholy')  con- 
demns the  salad  meal  of  Italians  and 
Spaniards,  even  though  the  salad  be  qualified 
by  oil,  and  quotes  Plautus  against  these 
coenas  terrestres  : — 

Hie  homines  tarn  breyem  vitam  colunt — 

Qui  herbas  hujusmodi  in  alvum  suum  congerunt, 

Formidolosum  dictu,  non  esu  modo 

Quas  herbas  pecudes  non  edunt,  homines  edunt. 

RORY  FLETCHER. 

CLARENCE  GORDON  ("  VIEUX MOUSTACHE  " 
(12  S.  x.  349).— I  do  not  find  the  death  of 
this  writer  recorded  in  any  of  the  American 
necrologies  of  recent  date  ;  but  '  Who's 
Who  in  America '  refers  his  name  back  to 
vol.  viii.  (1914-15),  where  his  entry  ceases  ; 
so  that  he  probably  died  at  that  time.  As 
Appleton's  '  Cyclopedia  of  American 
Biography '  states,  he  held  the  post  of 
"  special  agent  to  the  U.S.  Census  Bureau 
in  1879-83  in  charge  of  the  investigation  of 
meat  production  in  the  grazing  States."  I 
conclude  the  Clarence  W.  Gordon  inquired 
for,  who  wrote  the  pamphlet  in  1883  on 
'  Live  Stock  Farms,  1880,'  was  his  son. 

'    *^  X.  W.  HILL. 

San   Francisco. 


"HAY  SILVER"  (12  S.  x.  409,  454). — I  am 
much  obliged  to  MR.  SELF-WEEKS  and  also 
to  MR.  STRACHAN  for  their  replies  to  my 
query.  I  fear  there  is  little  I  can  add.  The 
parchment  came  from  a  man  whose  father 
and  grandfather  had  been  lay  rectors  and 
also  churchwardens — they  lived  in  an  old 
parsonage  or  rectorial  house  and  were  lessees 
of  the  rectorial  tithe,  under  the  prebendal 
rector,  between  1820  and  1880 — and  with 
it  was  another  parchment  headed  '  A  List  of 
Commoners,  Yatton,  1720.'  Both  these 
parchments  may  have  been  handed  on, 
with  other  papers,  from  former  lay  rectors 
or  churchwardens.  As  vestries  at  that 
time  appointed  the  "Hayward,"  the  list 
might  have  been  prepared  by  a  church- 
warden. 

In  view  of  the  fact  that  very  few  of  the 
payments  (hay  silver)  exceeded  iiid,  it 
seems  unlikely  they  could  have  anything 
to  do  with  "  a  tithe  charge  of  one  shilling 
an  acre  on  mown  land,"  especially  as  Lord 
Poulett,  who  was  lord  of  the  manor  and 
owner  of  over  a  thousand  acres,  only  paid 
xd.  H.  C.  BARNARD. 

The  Grey  House,  Yatton,  Somerset. 

"  BOMENTEEK  "    (12    S.  viii.    510  ;     ix . 

39,  77,  96.) — -I  distinctly  recollect  this  word 

being  used,  fifty-five  years  ago,  by  workmen 

in   my   father's   foundry,    as   the   name    of 

a  compound  which  was  used  for  filling  up 

blow-holes  in  iron  castings.     The  compound 

was  made  up  of   iron  filings,  sal-ammoniac 

and    sulphur,    which,    in    a    hardish,    pasty 

i  condition,  was  rolled  into  a  ball  of  suitable 

j  size  and  pushed  into  the  hole  so  as  to  fill  it 

i  up.     The   compound  became  hard,   and  if 

wetted  would  rust  over,  making  it  difficult 

I  for  the  patch  to  be  observed.     The  word 

"   Bomenteek  "   was  then  looked  on  as  a 

corruption  of  "  Beaumont  egg,"  Beaumont 

having  been  the  original  inventor. 

R.  MURRAY  WIGHT. 
Hammersmith. 

ADRIAN   STOKES    (12   S.   x.    409,   474).— 

I G.  R.   will   find   all   that   is   known   about 

j  Adrian  Stokes  (including  his  will,  inquisition 

I  post  mortem,  &c.)  in  '  Miscellanea  Genea- 

logica     Heraldica,'     4th     series,     vol.     ii., 

passim.       He   should   also   refer  to    '  Some 

Notes   on  the   Stokes  Family,'    by  Arthur 

Schomberg,  and  to  Nichols's  '  Leicestershire,' 

!  Hundred  of  East  Goscote,  sub.  Beaumanor. 

W.  G.  D.  FLETCHER,  F.S.A. 
Oxon  Vicarage,  Shrewsbury. 


12  S.  X.  JUNE  24,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


495 


WEDDING-RING  :  CHANGE  OF  HAND  (12  S. 
x.1453). — Much  information  from  the  Here- 
ford, York  and  Salisbury  Missals  referring 
to  the  ring  finger  in  the  marriage  service 
will  be  found  in  Hazlitt's  '  Faiths  and 
Folklore,'  vol.  ii.,  pp.  515-6,  and  Wood's 
'  Wedding  Day  in  all  Ages  and  Countries,' 
vol.  ii.,  pp.  132-3.  Some  of  the  extracts 
are  rather  confusing  and  contradictory. 

ARCHIBALD  SPARKE. 

"  ST.  FRAUNCES  FIRE  "  (12  S.  x.  452).— 
Does  Spenser  mean  St.  Anthony's  fire  ?  The 
sources  I  have  referred  to  all  call  the  sacred 
fire  "  a  pestilential  erysipelatous  distemper, 'r 
and  say  the  miraculous  cures  were  granted 
on  the  intercession  of  St.  Anthony ;  pil- 
grimages were  made  to  his  church  of  La 
Motte,  St.  Didier,  near  Vienne,  in  Dauphine, 
and  his  patronage  implored  against  this 


disease. 


ARCHIBALD  SPARKE. 


MAJOR  WILLIAM  MURRAY  (12  S.  x. 
451). — This  gentleman  survived  his  terrible 
experience  of  July,  1861,  by  no  fewer  than 
forty -five  and  three-quarter  years.  He  was 
born  in  1819  and  died  at  Ossemsley  Manor, 
Christchurch,  Hants,  on  March  28,  1907. 


37,  Melody  Road,  S.W.I 8. 


R.  S.  FARROW. 


STONE  SIGN,  CORNER  OF  WARWICK  LANE 
AND  NEWGATE  STREET  (12  S.  x.  431). — 
This  sign  is  generally  believed  to  represent 
Guy,  Earl  of  Warwick,  and  it  bears  the 
date  1668.  Cunningham,  in  his  '  Handbook 
to  London,'  draws  attention  to  it  in  its 
present  position.  Stow  connects  Warwick 
Lane  with  the  Earls  in  these  words  : — 

Then  is  Eldnese  Lane  which  stretched  north 
of  the  High  Street  of  Newgate  Market ;  the  same 
is  now  called  Warwick  Lane,  of  an  ancient  house 
there  built  by  an  Earl  of  Warwick  and  was  since 
called  Warwick  Inn. 


WALTER  E.  GAWTHORP. 


16,  Long  Acre. 


GRAZIA  DELEDDA  (12  S.  x.  453).— I 
recently  contributed  a  fairly  long  article 
on  '  Italian  Women  Novelists  to  The 
Publishers'  Circular  (May  13,  1922),  and 
gave  the  following  particulars  concerning 
the  distinguished  writer  : — 

Grazia  Deledda,  the  poet  and  novelist  of 
Sardinia,  has  been  a  prolific  writer  of  verse  and 
fiction.  Her  numerous  novels  include  '  Fior  di 
Sardegna'  (1892),  'La  Via  del  Male'  (1896), 
«  II  Tesoro  '  (1897),  and  '  L'Ospito  '  (1898).  Her 
masterpiece  is  considered  by  many  of  her  admirers 


to  be  '  Eh* as  Portolo.'  Many  of  her  works  have 
been  translated  into  French,  Spanish,  Swedish 
and  German.  Three  have  appeared  in  English 
translations,  viz.,  '  Dope  il  Divorzio,'  '  Cenere,' 
and  '  Nostaglio.'  Count  Angelo  de  Gubernatis 
says :  "  Tous  les  romans  de  Grazia  Deledda 
illuminent  des  paysages  et  des  scenes  de  la  vie 
sarde,  avec  un  fidelite,  un  force  .  .  .  dont  le 
plus  grand  charme  est  une  certaine  sauvagerie." 

Count  Angelo  de  Gubernatis  deals  with 
her  early  career  in  his  *  Dictionnaire  des 
Ecrivains  du  Monde  Latin '  (last  edition 
1905).  It  was  also  announced  in  some 
Italian  literary  journals  a  few  months  ago 
that  Grazia  Deledda  was  engaged  on  an 
'  Autobiography.' 

ANDREW  DE  TERNANT. 

36,  Somerleyton  Road,  Brixton,  S.W. 

LONDON  CLOCKMAKERS  (12  S.  x.  431,  478). 
— William  Kipling,  Broad  Street,  near 
Ratcliffe  Cross,  has  the  date  1705-37  on  a 
bracket  clock  brought  to  England  as  loot 
from  the  Emperor's  Summer  Palace  at 
Peking  in  1860.  He  does  not  seem  to 
have  been  a  member  of  the  C.C.  Richard 
Motley  was  admitted  C.C.  1682. 

A.  G.  KEALY. 

JOTTINGS  ON  SOME  EARLY  EDITIONS  01* 
THE  BIBLE  IN  LATIN  (12  S.  x.  427).— This  is  a 
very  interesting  article  dealing  with  the  errors 
of  the  earlier  versions  which  appear,  till 
1472,  to  have  been  consistently  wrong  in 
using  the  word  for  "  ears,"  forgetting  that 
in  the  East  an  enemy  would  be  led  by  the 
"  nose  "  or  "  nostrils." 

I  cannot  appreciate  the  last  sentence  of 
MR.  S.  J.  ALDRICH,  however,  and  cannot 
understand  why  he  should  expect  that  the 
authors  of  the*  Revised  Version  should  do 
other  than  they  did,  when  their  translation 
of  the  verses  follows  the  correct  Autho- 
rized Version,  corroborated  as  it  is  by  the 
Vulgate.  Perhaps  MR.  ALDRICH  would  ex- 
plain to  some  of  your  readers,  like  myself, 
why  Dr.  Ginsburg  should  have  been  expected 
to  take  notice  of  the  erroneous  renderings 
in  the  Latin,  and,  if  noticed,  where  he 
would  have  expected  the  error  to  have  been 
remarked.  W.  S.  B.  H. 

REVERSING  THE  UNION  JACK  (12  S.  x. 
391,  432). — Boutell  is  quite  correct.  The 
Jack  is  made  up  of  the  three  flags  of  St. 
George,  St.  Andrew  and  St.  Patrick,  and 
MR.  PEARSALL  will  notice  that  the  white 
diagonal  cross  of  St.  Andrew  in  the  Jack 
is  broader  on  two  sides.  The  broad  white 


496 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        r  12 S.X.JUNE 24, 1922. 


band  of  this  cross  should  be  uppermost 
next  to  the  flagstaff ;  if  reversed  he  will 
find  the  narrow  band  is  uppermost.  I  may 
mention  that  every  boy  scout  is  taught 
this.  EDGAR  F.  BRIGGS. 

A  supplement  to  'N.  &.  Q.'  of  June  30, 
1900  (reprinted  June,  1908)  entitled  '  The 
National  Flag,  being  the  Union  Jack,' 
contained  a  coloured  illustration  of  the  flag, 
with  an  account  by  MR.  W.  H.  ST.  JOHN 
HOPE.  J.  R.  H. 

YORKSHIRE  USE  or  "  THOU  "  (12  S.  x. 
408,  456,  476). — There  is  a  warning  in 
Lydgate's  '  Merito  Missa,'  as  edited  by 
Canon  T.  F.  Simmons  in  '  The  Lay  Folks 
Mass  Book  '  (Surtees  Society),  which  warns 
an  irreverent  jester  in  the  House  of  God  : — 

And  thou  I  klype  the  prowde  knapys, 
That  make  in 'holy  chyrche  Japis.  " 

(11.  190-1,  p.  153). 

This  is  curious,  in  face  of  the  fact  that  we 
English  also  address  the  Almighty  in  the 
second  person  singular.  Canon  Simmons 
supplies  a  memorable  anecdote  in  his 
comment  on  the  quotation  I  have  given 
from  Lydgate  (p.  309).  He  says  of  the 
penalty  incurred  by  the  jester  : — 

This  thouing  him  was  the  extreme  of  insult, 
and  it  may  be  worth  noting  that  the  very  phrase 
is  still  used  in  this  part  of  England  [East  Riding, 
Yorks]  with  the  same  intention.  I  have  heard  it 
more  than  once  as  a  matter  of  complaint,  and  I 
will  copy  what  I  wrote  some  five-and-twenty 
years  ago.  ...  A  man  who  had  forbidden  his 
mother-in-law  his  house  said  to  me,  "  I'll  not 
deny  it ;  I  did  thou  her,  and  sorry  I  is  to  thou 
my  wife's  mother,  but  I  says  to  her — Thou  I  calle 
thee,  and  I  bide  thee  get  thee  out  of  my  house 
and  never  again  set  thy  foot  over  my  freshwood 
(threshold)."  I  may  add  that  as  a  matter  of 
course  and  in  all  good  part  he  would  have  thoued 
his  wife,  friends,  children  and  servants,  the  plural 
being  reserved  for  elders,  betters  and  strangers, 
according  to  the  received  etiquette  of  the  country- 
side. 

ST.  SWITHIN. 

The  following  interesting  remarks  of 
Archbishop  Trench,  in  his  '  English  Past 
and  Present  '  (2nd  ed.,  London,  Parker, 
1855),  p.  153,  are  worth  extracting  :  — 

The  entire  dropping  among  the  higher  classes 
of  "  thou  "  except  in  poetry  or  in  addresses  to  the 
Deity,  and,  as  a  necessary  consequence,  the  drop- 
ping also  of  the  second  singular  of  the  verb  with 
its  strongly  marked  flexion,  as  "  lovest,"  "lovedst," 
is  another  example  of  a  force  once  existing  in  the 
language,  which  has  been,  or  is  being,  allowed  to 
expire.  In  the  seventeenth  century  it  was  with 
* '  thou  "  in  English  as  it  is  still  with  "  du  "  in 
German,  and  with  "  tu  "  in  French  ;  being,  as 


it  then  was,  the  sign  of  familiarity,  whether  that 
familiarity  was  of  love  or  of  contempt  and  scorn. 

Here  occurs  this  footnote  : — 

Thus  Wallis  ('Grramm.  Ling.  Anglic.,'  1653): 
"  Singular!  numero  siquis  alium  compellet,  vel 
dedignantis  illud  esse  solet,  vel  familiariter 
blandientis." 

Then  Trench  resumes  :— 

It  was  not  unfrequently  the  latter.  Thus  at 
Sir  Walter  Raleigh's  trial  (1603)  Coke,  when 
argument  and  evidence  failed  him,  insulted  the 
defendant  by  applying  to  him  the  term  "  thou  "  : 
"  All  that  Lord  Cobham  did  was  at  thy  instigation, 
thou  viper  !  for  I  thou  thee,  thou  traitor !  "  And 
when  Sir  Toby  Belch,  in  '  Twelfth  Night,'  is 
urging  Sir  Andrew  Aguecheek  to  send  a  sufficiently 
provocative  challenge  to  Viola,  he  suggests  to 
him  that  he  "  taunt  him  with  the  licence  of  ink  ; 
if  thou  thou'st  him  some  thrice,  it  shall  not  be 
amiss."  To  keep  this  in  mind  will  throw  con- 
siderable light  on  one  early  peculiarity  of  the 
Quakers,  and  give  a  certain  dignity  to  it,  as  once 
maintained,  which  at  present  it  is  very  far  from 
possessing.  We  shall  see  that,  however  unneces- 
sary and  unwise  their  determination  to  "  thee  " 
and  "  thou  "  the  whole  world  was,  yet  this  had 
a  significance.  It  was  not,  as  it  now  seems  to  us 
to  be,  and  through  the  silent  changes  which  the 
language  has  undergone,  as  now  it  indeed  is,  an 
unmeaning  departure  from  the  ordinary  usage 
of  society,  but  meant  something  ;  and,  right  or 
wrong,  had  an  ethical  motive  ;  being,  indeed,  a 
testimony  upon  their  parts,  however  misplaced, 
that  they  would  not  have  high,  or  great,  or  rich 
men's  persons  in  admiration  ;  nor  give  to  some 
what  they  withheld  from  others.  And  it  was  a 
testimony  which  cost  them  something  ;  at  present 
we  can  very  little  understand  the  amount  of 
courage  which  this  "  thou-ing  "  and  "  thee-ing  " 
of  all  men  must  have  demanded  on  their  parts, 
nor  yet  the  amount  of  indignation  and  offence 
which  it  stirred  up  in  them  who  were  not  aware  of 
or  would  not  allow  for,  the  scruples  which 
induced  them  to  it. 

What  the  actual  position  of  the  compellation 
"  thou  "  was  at  that  time  we  may  perhaps  best 
learn  from  this  passage  in  Fuller's  '  Church 
History,'  Dedication  of  Book  VII.:  "  In  opposition 
whereunto  [i.e.}  to  the  Quaker  usage]  we  maintain 
that  thou  from  superiors  to  inferiors  is  proper, 
as  a  sign  of  command  ;  from  equals  to  equals 
is  passable,  as  a  note  of  familiarity  ;  but  from 
inferiors  to  superiors,  if  proceeding  from  ignorance, 
hath  a  smack  of  clownishness  ;  if  from  affectation, 
a  tone  of  contempt." 

Trench  adds  : — 

It  is,  however,  in  its  other  aspect  that  we  must 
chiefly  regret  the  dying  out  of  the  use  of  "  thou  " — 
that  is,  as  the  voice  of  peculiar  intimacy  and 
special  affection,  as  between  husband  and  wife, 
parents  and  children,  and  such  other  as  may  be 
knit  together  by  bands  of  more  than  common 
affection. 

In  a  paper  by  Edward  Kirk,  in  the  Trans- 
actions of  the  Manchester  Literary  Club, 
vol.  iii.,  p.  104,  the  usage  in  the  neighbour- 
hood of  Goosnargh,  Inglewhite,  and  Chipping, 


12  S.  X.  JUNE  24,  1922.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


497 


Lancashire,  prior  to    1850    is  described    as, 
follows  : — 

The  husband   and   father  "  thou'd  "   his  wife 
and  children,  but  the  wife  always  addressed  the 
husband  in  the  second   person   plural  ;    children 
did  the  same  to  both   parents  and  all  seniors. 
Persons  equal  in  years  and  circumstances  and  on  | 
familiar  terms  always  "  thou'd  "  each  other.     For  j 
a    young  man  to   "  thou  "  an  old    one  was    an  I 
unpardonable  offence.     A  young  man  "  thouing  " 
his  sweetheart  served  in  some  sense  the  part  of  the 
"  engaged  "  ring. 

WM.   SELF-WEEKS. 

Westwood,  Clitheroe. 

;i  CANNOT  AWAY  WITH  "  (12  S.  x.  470). — : 
Archdeacon  Nares,  in  his  '  Glossary,'  says 
that  this  expression  "  seems  originally  to 
have  meant,  to  go  away  contented  with 
such  a  person  or  thing."  He  explains  it  as 
meaning  "  to  bear  with."  He  gives  the 
following  quotations : — 

She  could  never  away  with  me.  ('  2  Henry  IV.," 
III.  ii.) 

Of  all  nymphs  i'  the  court  I  cannot  away  with 
her.  (Ben  Jonson,  '  Cynthia's  Revels,'  IV.  v.) 

And  do  not  bring  your  eating  player  with  you 
there  : 

I  cannot  away  with  him.     ('  Poetaster,'  III.  iv.) 

I  cannot  away  with  an  informer.  ('  Cure  for  a 
Cuckold,'  sig.  F.) 

Halliwell,  in  his  '  Dictionary  of  Archaic  and 
Provincial  Words,'  explains  it  by  "  endure." 
He  cites  Greene's  '  Works,'  i,  135,  and 
Webster's  *  Works,'  ii.  112.  He  also  gives 
the  following  example  from  Holinshed, 
'  Conquest  of  Ireland,'  p.  38  : — 

He  could  awaie  icith  all  wethers,  both  hot  and 
cold,  and  indure  anie  paines. 

Reference  should  also  be  made  to  the 
4  N.E.D.,'  under  "  away."  It  appears  that 
*'  away  "  was  originally  a  phrase  signifying 
"  on  [his  or  one's]  way."  The  sixteenth 
section  under  the  word  "  away  "  gives  the 
meaning  of  "away  with"  as  "get  on  or 
along  with,"  and  there  are  several  illustrative 
quotations  beginning  with  Sir  John  Paston 
in  1477,  and  ending  with  Matthew  Arnold 
in  1869. 

Instead  of  Nares's  suggestion  for  the  origin 
of  the  metaphor,  I  think  it  was  developed 
from  the  idea  of  two  persons  going  on  the 
way  together,  for  "  how  can  two  walk  to- 
gether except  they  be  agreed  "  (Amos  iii. 
3).  WM.  SELF-WEEKS. 

Westwood,   Clitheroe. 

I  venture  to  suggest  that  the  word  "  away  " 
involves  the  idea  of  movement  from  a  given 
physical  or  logical  point  or  position.  "  He 
could  not  away  with  " — could  not  move  in 
the  same  direction  with — could  not  go  with. 


"The  calling  of  assemblies  I  cannot  away 
with " — cannot  go  with  you  in  policy, 
intention  or  thought.  "I  cannot  away 
with  iniquity  " — cannot  go  along  with  you — 
must  stay  where  I  am,  or  go  in  the  opposite 
direction.  It  is  not  the  same  as  "  cannot 
abide  it  "  ;  "  abide  "  involves  the  idea  of 
rest,  the  opposite  to  movement ;  nor  is  it 
the  same  as  "  rid  me  of  it  "  ;  that  is  more 
than  the  term  "  away  "  connotes.  "  Away 
with  him  " — move  him  from  this  place  to 
another.  F.  P. 

"HAMPSHIRE  HOGS"  (12  S.  x.  468).— 
As  a  native  of  Hampshire  I  am  concerned  to 
rebut  the  suggestion  that  the  inhabitants 
of  this  county  are  noted  for  specially  bad 
manners.  The  following  extract  from  T.  W. 
Shore's  '  Hampshire  '  (London,  Elliot  Stock, 
1892),  p.  42,  will,  I  think,  account  for  the 
above  jocular  name  given  to  Hampshire 
men  : — 

Wild  boars  were  common,  and  from  them  was 
probably  derived  the  old  breed  of  hogs  which  was 
at  a  very  early  period  identified  with  this  county, 
and  from  which  its  jocular  name  of  "  Hoglandia  " 
was  derived.  The  forest-land  of  Hampshire, 
which  is  so  considerable  at  the  present  day,  was  of 
much  greater  extent  in  Romano-British,  and  even 
in  mediaeval  time,  and  these  forests  have  always 
afforded  pannage  for  a  large  number  of  hogs. 
Traces  of  the  ancient  breed  still  remain  in  the 
swine  of  the  New  Forest. 

WM.   SELF-WEEKS. 
Westwood,  Clitheroe. 

"STONE-COAT"  (12  S.  x.  451).— This  is 
simply  a  literal  rendering  of  \d1vov  ^irSiva  in 
Iliad  III.  57.  To  quote  Dr.  Leaf's  com- 
mentary : — 

It  is  pretty  clear  from  the  context  that  the 
"  robe  of  stone  "  indicates  public  execution  by 
stoning.  .  .  .  The  phrase  itself  is  precisely 
similar  to  one  which  is  common  in  later  poetry, 
but  only  as  a  euphemism  for  burial ;  e.g.,  Find. 
Nem.  xi.  16.  .  .  .  Ap.  Rhod.  i.  691.  .  .  . 
But  the  two  ideas  come  to  the  same,  because  the 
heap  of  stones  by  which  the  malefactor  is  slain 
forms  his  tomb  as  well. 

The  last  sentence  of  the  version  which 
MB.  THORNTON  quotes  from  Reynoldes's 
book  keeps  at  a  respectful  distance  from 
the  Greek.  Lang,  Leaf  and  Myers's  render- 
ing is  : — 

But  the  Trojans  are  very  cowards  :  else  ere  this 
hadst  thou  donned  a  robe  of  stone  for  all  the  ill 
thou  hast  wrought. 

Chapman  translates  \aivov  ^irStva  by  "A 
coat  of  tombstone."  See  the  '  N.E.D.,'  a.v. 
'  Coat,  10.'  EDWARD  BENSLY. 

Universitv  College,  Aberystwyth. 


498 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        ri*s.x.j™«24.i.ss. 


"  DYARCHY  "  (12  S.  x.  467). — An  example 
of  this  word  thirty  years  earlier  than  that 
supplied  at  the  above  reference  is  quoted 
in  the  '  N.E.D.'  The  Dictionary  describes 
"  Dyarchy "  as  "  Another  spelling  of 
'  Diarchy,'  of  less  etymological  authority," 
and  gives  instances  from  The  Academy  of 
Oct.  10,  1885,  and  The  English  Historical 
Review,  i.  350  (1886).  Under  "Diarchy," 
the  '  N.E.D.'  has  the  following  from  Thirl- 
wall's  'History  of  Greece,'  I.  viii.  318, 
dated  1835  : — 

A  diarchy,  though  less  usual  than  a  monarchy, 
was  not  a  very  rare  form  of  government. 

The  form  duarchy  is  much  older.  The 
'  N.E.D.'  records  examples  of  the  dates 
1586,  1655,  and  1807.  All  the  above  varie- 
ties are  found  in  the  '  Century  Dictionary  '  ; 
and  "  diarchy  "  and  "  dyarchy  "  are  recog- 
nized by  Prof.  Weekley  in  his  '  Etymological 
Diet,  of  Mod.  English'  (1921). 

EDWARD  BENSLY. 

University  College,  Aberystwyth. 

'  TWININGS     IN    THE     STRAND  '     (12     S.     X. 

480). — I  am  exceedingly  obliged  and  much 
gratified  with  the  very  kind  notice  of  my 
little  brochure  at  the  above  reference,  but 
I  observe  your  reviewer  says  : — 

So  long  an  existence,  touching  at  more  than 
one  point  the  general  commercial  history  of  the 
nation,  might  even  be  thought  worthy  of  a  more 
extended  account  than  our  correspondent,  Mr. 
Newton,  gives  it  in  this  pleasant  brochure. 

I  am  painfully  aware  of  this,  but  had  to 
confine  myself  within  certain  limits,  and  it 
was  for  this  very  reason  that  I  chose  the 
title,  '  A  Short  Account  of  Twinings  in  the 
Strand,'  which  your  courteous  reviewer 
perhaps  overlooked.  I  agree  with  him, 
however,  that  there  cannot  be  many  busi- 
nesses of  over  two  hundred  years  old,  occupy- 
ing the  original  site  and  directed  by  members 
of  the  family  of  the  founder 

E.  E.  NEWTON. 
"  Hampstead,"  Upminster,  Essex. 

BYRON  AND  THE  ROYAL  SOCIETY  (12  S. 
x.  430). — According  to  the  *  Record  of  the 
Royal  Society,'  Lord  Byron  was  elected 
a  Fellow  on  Jan.  11,  1816.  G.  N.  W. 

WADDON  (12  S.  x.  469).— The  "Mr. 
Macdonald  of  The  Times "  who  lived  at 
Waddon  was,  no  doubt,  Mr.  John  Cameron 
MacDonald,  manager  of  the  paper,  who  died 
about  thirty-three  years  ago.  B.  B. 


AUTHORS  WANTED  (12  S.  x.  432). — 3.  It  was 
Emerson  who  wrote  "  Hitch  your  waggon  to  a 
star."  The  sentence  occurs  in  '  Civilisation' — 
the  second  of  the  essays  bearing  the  joint  title  of 
'  Society  and  Solitude.'  DAVID  SALMON. 

Narberth. 

(12  S.  x.  453.) 

The  lines  quoted  incompletely  by  MR.  J.  T. 
WILLIAMS  are  : — 

"  From  quiet  homes  and  first  beginning, 

Out  to  the  undiscovered  ends, 
There's  nothing  worth  the  wear  of  winning 

But  laughter  and  the  love  of  friends." 
They  are  part  of  the  Dedicatory  Ode  prefixed 
to  Mr.  Belloc's  '  Lambkin's  Remains,'  published 
at  Oxford,  1900.  B.  B. 


J2otes  on 

The  English  Village  :  The  Origin  and  Decay  of  ite 

Community.     An  Anthropological  Interpretation. 

By    Harold    Peake,    F.S.A.     'Benn    Brothers, 

Ltd.      15s.  net.) 

THIS  book  is  founded  upon  lectures  delivered  in 
Newbury  in  1918,  at  the  request  of  the  Newbury 
Trades  and  Labour  Council.  The  first  eight 
chapters  deal  with  the  problem  of  the  origin  of 
the  Village  Community  ;  the  next  four  chapters 
attempt  to  show  that  the  evolution  of  the  com- 
munity was  a  struggle  between  two  racial  ideals ; 
in  the  last  portion  of  the  volume  the  final  struggles 
of  the  dying  community  are  traced,  and  Mr.  Peake 
inquires  "  what  hope  there  may  be  for  a  revival 
of  the  community  spirit  in  a  form  more  in  con- 
sonance with  modern  conditions."  In  a  readable, 
compact  form  Mr.  Peake  utilizes  the  latest  results 
of  anthropological  and  archaeological  investiga- 
tion ;  the  student  and  all  interested  in  the  subject 
will  find  gathered  together  here  a  mass  of  valuable 
material  that  otherwise  they  would  have  to  look 
for  in  many  directions.  The  illustrations  and 
bibliography  are  useful. 

Mr.  Peake  ranges  Europe  for  the  benefit  of  his 
readers  ;  he  goes  back  to  the  dim  beginnings  of 
things  ;  and  he  carries  his  learning  lightly.  In 
the  first  parts  of  the  book  he  leans  to  the  con- 
clusions of  Gomme,  Seebohm,  Maitland,  and 
Vinogradoff.  In  the  final  chapters  he  is  the 
reformer. 

With  the  enclosure  of  the  commons,  village  life 
was  destroyed,  in  the  sense  in  which  it  was  known 
before  the  enclosure  took  place.  On  this  question 
of  enclosure  Mr.  Peake  speaks  with  moderation 
and  fairness  ;  he  admits  the  advantages  of  the 
change  whilst  pointing  out  the  other  side.  The 
development  was  inevitable  ;  but  it  brought  ruin 
and  suffering  to  many.  He  says  : — 

"  The  nineteenth  century  witnessed  the  lowest 
state  of  degradation  that  the  village  community 
in  this  country  has  passed  through,  but  between 
1890  and  1900  the  tide  seems  to  have  turned. 
Though  few  changes  were  visible  by  1914,  the 
result  of  the  period  of  the  war  seems  to  have  been 
to  arouse  among  the  people,  men  and  women 
alike,  a  greater  sense  of  the  need  for  association ; 
the  effects  of  this  upon  village  lite  are  becoming 
daily  more  marked,  and  perhaps,  before  long,  we 


12 S.X.JUNE 24, i922.i        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


499 


,  may  see  the  birth^of  a^new  community  in  the 
English  village." 

Mr.  Peake,  discussing  the  causes  of  the  migration 
from  the  villages  to  the  towns,  thinks  that  the 
most  potent  factor  was  the  dullness  of  the  country 
and  the  desire  for  a  fuller  life.  He  has  his  dream 
of  the  ideal  villages.  They  "  must  contain  a 
population  sufficiently  large  to  enable  them  to 
supply  some  of  these  needs,  and  to  command 
transport  facilities  to  enable  their  inhabitants 
quickly  and  cheaply  to  reach  some  large  centre 
where  they  can  find  institutions  of  a  more  advanced 
and  complex  order." 

He  goes  into  detail,  and  continues  : — 

"  But  above  all  it  is  important  that  all  the 
members  of  our  village  should  realize  that  they 
are  members  of  one  and  the  same  community; 
the  agriculturist  and  the  craftsman,  the  artisan 
and  the  professional  man  would  meet  on  common 
ground  at  the  village  club,  their  young  people 
would  share  the  recreation  grounds,  and  the 
artificial  barriers  of  caste  would  by  degrees  be 
broken  down.  In  the  ideal  village  it  should  be 
possible  for  everyone  to  know  everyone  else,  not 
only  by  sight,  but  to  speak  to,  not  that  every  old 
gentleman  could  be  expected  to  recognize  every 
baby  at  a  glance,  but  that  all  the  men  would  know 
one  another  and  all  the  women  likewise,  while  all 
the  young  people  and  all  the  children,  of  whatever 
class,  would  have  been  to  some  extent  brought  up 
together." 

A  village  based  on  individualism  strongly 
tempered  with  the  cooperative  principle — this  is 
what  Mr.  Peake  wants,  and  he  says  in  his  last 
paragraph,  "  Now  is  the  time  to  act." 

A  Pepysian  Garland :  Black-letter  Broadside 
Battads  of  the  Years  1595-1639.  Chiefly  from 
the  Collection  of  Samuel  Pepys.  Edited  by 
Hyder  E.  Rollins.  Ph.D.  New  York  University. 
(Cambridge  University  Press.  21s.  net.) 
IT  may  seem  strange  that  Pepys's  collection  of 
broadside  ballads,  which  is  preserved  in  the 
library  that  bears  his  name  in  his  college  at  Cam- 
bridge, should  have  had  to  wait  until  now  for  an 
editor,  and  that  the  editor  should  not  be  an 
English  scholar  but  an  American  one,  Dr.  Hyder 
E.  Rollins,  of  New  York  University,  who  here 
gives  us  in  this  Garland  "  the  most  interesting 
seventeenth-century  ballads  in  Pepys's  first 
volume."  They  make  eighty  altogether,  including 
seven  which  the  editor  has  added  from  other 
sources  ;  and  the  way  in  which  they  are  printed 
with  reproductions  of  many  of  the  original 
woodcuts,  editorial  notes  and  index  leaves  nothing 
to  be  desired. 

Pepys's  collection  is  preserved  in  five  folio 
volumes,  and  we  are  told  that  of  the  1671  distinct 
ballads  in  it  964  are  unique.  Of  these  many  are 
said  by  the  editor  to  be  accessible  in  one  way  or 
another  "  if  one  searches  diligently  "  ;  but 
nothing  like  a  systematic  edition  has  ever  been 
attempted  ;  nor  is  this  edition  itself  more  than 
an  anthology,  but  it  is  of  peculiar  interest  because 
the  period  from  which  these  specimens  are  taken, 
1595-1639,  represents  the  heyday  of  the  black- 
letter  broadside  ballad,  and  presumably,  there- 
fore, the  pick  of  Pepys's  volumes.  A  little  later, 
under  the  Commonwealth,  the  ballad  fell  into 
decay ;  ballad-singing  was  forbidden  by  law, 


and  street  singers  were  liable  to  be  flogged  ;  and 
though  ballads  continued  to  be  printed  they  were 
beginning  also  to  be  affected  by  the  beginnings 
of  journalism  proper  in  the  shape  of  news- 
pamphlets.  "  In  authorship,  in  typography,  and 
in  subject-matter,"  says  the  editor,  "  Restoration 
ballads  can  seldom  compare  in  interest  with  those 
of  the  reigns  of  the  Tudors  and  early  Stuarts." 

To  read  these  pages  is  to  obtain  a  rich  idea  of 
the  thoughts  and  manners  of  the  London  of  the 
time — of  London  before  the  fire,  when  Shake- 
speare, who  must  have  known  many  ballads  by 
heart,  was  working,  and  when  the  youthful 
Milton  was  a  student  in  his  father's  house  in  the 
heart  of  the  City.  As  poetry  we  must  not  over- 
rate them,  nor  seek  to  compare  them  with  some 
of  the  finer  ballads  of  the  Scottish  border,  which 
have  before  now  been  held  as  the  nearest  equiva- 
lent in  Britain  to  the  Homeric  poems  ;  but  in 
reading  them  we  must  not  forget  that  they  were 
meant  to  be  sung  to  well-known  airs,  like  the 
songs  in  *  The  Beggar's  Opera.'  The  air  must  have 
often  made  amends  for  a  certain  rudeness  of  rhyme 
and  diction.  As  for  the  subjects,  no  ballad- 
monger  ever  lacked,  as  Thomas  Middleton  said, 
"  a  subject  to  write  of  "  ;  and  his  words,  which 
are  cited  by  the  editor  as  being  in  themselves  a 
description  of  his  Garland,  may  be  given  here, 
for  no  language  could  be  more  appropriate. 
"  One  hangs  himself  to-day,"  he  says,  "  another 
drowns  himself  to-morrow,  a  sergeant  stabbed 
next  day ;  here  a  pettifogger  a'  the  pillory  ;  a 
bawd  in  the  cart's  nose,  and  a  pander  in  the  tail  ; 
hie  mulier,  haec  vir,  fashions,  fictions,  felonies, 
fooleries ; — a  hundred  havens  has  the  ballad- 
monger  to  traffic  at,  and  new  ones  still  daily  dis- 
covered." 

Such  then  are  the  subjects  of  the  ballads,  though 
there  are  also  others  which  treat  of  historical 
events,  like  the  assassination  of  Henry  IV.  of 
France ;  the  execution  of  Sir  Walter  Raleigh, 
the  burning  of  Cork  in  1622,  the  Amboyna 
Massacre,  the  battle  between  the  Dutch  and 
Spanish  fleets  in  1639  ;  but  most  of  them  are 
sentimental  or  journalistic,  such  as  the  hanging 
ballads,  often  like  the  entries  in  the  '  Newgate 
Calendar,'  with  a  strong  moral  intention,  or 
religious,  as  they  reflect  the  frame  of  mind  of 
citizens  more  unanimous  than  now  on  matters  of 
theology  and  on  impending  divine  judgment. 
This  aspect  of  the  psychology  of  Stuart  London 
can  never  be  neglected  by  those  who  would  try 
to  imagine  what  life  in  London  was  like. 

The  most  important  single  ballad  in  this 
volume,  according  to  Dr.  Rollins,  is  the  first, 
which  is  dated  1595,  and  is  entitled  *  Francis' 
New  Jig.'  The  jig  was  a  "  miniature  comedy  or 
farce,  written  in  ballad  measure,  which  at  the  end 
of  a  play  was  sung  and  danced  on  the  stage  to 
ball  ad -tunes."  By  1590,  jigs,  says  the  editor, 
were  thoroughly  established  in  the  London 
theatres  as  the  usual  conclusion  to  plays.  At 
least  two  characters  were  required  for  the  dia- 
logue ;  and  thus  the  humblest  jig,  whether 
theatrical  or  not,  connects  itself  with  Horace's 
Donee  grains  eram  tibi,  Gay's  *  Were  I  laid  on 
Greerland's  coast,'  and  that  beautiful  product 
of  the  fifteenth  century  '  The  Nut-brown  Maid,' 
through  the  beats  of  which  the  music  can  be  dis- 
tinctly heard.  '  The  County  New  Jig  between 
Simon  and  Susan  '  in  this  volume  reminds  ua  of 


500 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


1922. 


'  The  Nut-brown  Maid  '  by  the  repetition  of  its 
pretty  refrains.  It  is  "  to  be  sung  in  merry 
pastime  by  bachelors  and  maidens,"  says  the 
title,  and  contains  four  speakers  ;  the  refrains 
mentioned  are : — 


and 


"  More  sweeter  then  the  honey 
That  comes  from  the  bee.'! 


"  And  fresher  then  the  blossom es 

That  bloome  upon  the  tree." 

We  wish  we  had  room  to  quote  it  all ;   it  is  much 

the   daintiest  ballad  in  the   collection.     "  With 

jigs   and   rural   dance  resort "   we   remember  in 

*  Comus '  ;  as  we  remember  also  the  "  merry  wakes 
and  pastimes,"   which  seem  to  recall  the  very 
title  of  this  jig. 

Thus  even  on  the  grave  muse  of  Milton  do  we 
seem  able  to  trace  the  influence  of  the  ballad  ; 
for  its  influence  on  Shakespeare  our  editor  points 
definitely  to  a  religious  ballad  of  1607,  entitled 

*  Caleb   Shillock's   Prophecy ;    or,  The  Jew's  Pre- 
diction,' whence    perhaps  Shakespeare  took  the 
name  of  Shylock. 

For  the  rest  one  cannot  be  too  thankful  for 
Dr.  Rollins's  industry  in  rescuing  these  racy 
compositions  of  "  merry  London  "  from  their 
long  and  undeserved  oblivion.  It  may  well  be, 
as  he  says,  that  he  has  given  us  the  flower  of  the 
collection  here  ;  but  we  hope  that  he  will  be  able, 
as  he  appears  to  suggest,  to  prosecute  his  re- 
searches further  in  Pepys's  accumulation,  and  we 
hope  also  that  he  will  continue  to  have  the  support 
of  the  authorities  at  Magdalene  and  of  the  Cam- 
bridge University  Press. 

Nature  and  Other  Miscellanies.     By  Ralph  Waldo 

Emerson.     (Oxford    University    Press.    2s.    6d. 

net.) 

Two  volumes  of  Emerson  have  previously  appeared 
in  the  World's  Classics,  and  it  is  a  pleasure  to 
re-read  these  lectures  in  a  form  so  superior  to  the 
cheap  edition  by  which  one  made  one's  first  ac- 
quaintance with  them.  The  question  arises  of  how 
many  at  the  present  day  are  likely  to  be  attracted 
to  the  American  sage  by  the  opportunity  the 
Oxford  University  Press  supplies. 

A  general  answer  must  be  that  there  are  always  ] 
people,   young  and  old,   ready  to   accept  a  fair  i 
chance  of  reading  the  classics  of  their  language, ' 
and  Emerson  long  ago  was  elevated  to  that  rank 
by     popular     esteem.     Properly     speaking,     we 
suppose,   a   classic  is   an  author  whose   position  i 
has  been  assured  by  time.      It  is  in  the  other  and 
looser  sense  that  Emerson  deserves  the  name  ;  he 
is   a   thinker   whose   authority   has   transcended 
the  limits  of  his  own  period.     For  that  reason 
alone  he  is   entitled  to  the  study  he   does  un- 
doubtedly still  get. 

That  the  readers  who  come  fresh  to  him  will  be 
obliged  to  put  forth  some  effort  is  likely  enough. 
His  philosophic  outlook  is  about  as  different  as 
could  be  from  that  which  now  prevails  in  England 
and  America — if  any  can  be  safely  said  to  prevail 
in  either  country.  ' '  How  absolute  the  knave  is  J  " 
we  can  fancy  the  new-comer  exclaiming,  as  he 
misses  that  larger  consideration  for  the  earthiness 
of  mortals  which  distinguishes  a  popular  few  of  the 
later  inoralizers.  Emerson,  indeed,  does  not  argue  ; 
he  tells  you. 

Yet,  in  spite  of  his  rather  close  companionship 


with  the  stars,  he  is  a  very  bracing  thinker,  and  a 
very  human.  There  are  whole  passages  in  his  * 
work — not  so  much  in  this  volume,  perhaps, 
as  in,  say,  '  Representative  Men  ' — which  bring 
faint  but  unmistakable  reminders  of  so  different 
an  essayist  as  Montaigne.  The  thought  is  not 
Montaigne's,  but  the  accents  are  ;  and  the  accents 
are  the  expression  of  a  similar  undercurrent  of 
ironic  perception.  If  the  comparison  should 
strike  those  who  have  not  lately  looked  into 
Emerson  as  forced,  we  would  suggest  that  they 
give  him  another  glance  or  two. 

The  Laws  of  the  Earliest  English  Kings.  Edited 
and  translated  by  F.  L.  Attenborough.  (Cam- 
bridge University  Press.  15s.  net.) 
IN  1840,  B.  Thorpe,  completing  the  work  of 
Richard  Price,  published  an  edition  of  these 
Laws,  under  the  title  of  '  Ancient  Laws  and 
Institutes  of  England.'  No  other  English  edition 
has  appeared  since.  The  monumental  work  on 
the  subject,  the  standard  authority,  is  F.  Lieber- 
mann's  '  Die  Gesetze  der  Angelsachsen  '  (1903- 
1916),  but  there  is  room  for  an  English  version, 
and  this  present  volume  will  be  welcomed  by 
students  of  our  early  social  and  constitutional 
history.  As  the  editor  and  translator  points 
out,  the  "  Laws  of  JEthelberht  [about  600]  are  of 
special  interest  as  being  the  earliest  document 
written  in  the  English  language.  .  .  .  No  other 
Teutonic  language  possesses  any  original  records 
of  equal  antiquity,  apart  from  short  inscriptions." 
King  Alfred's  laws  stand  by  themselves  in  import- 
ance. He  collected  the  "  most  just  "  of  the  laws 
of  Ine,  Off  a,  and  ^Ethelberht,  not  daring  "  to 
presume  to  set  down  in  writing  many  of  my  own, 
for  I  cannot  tell  what  [innovations  of  mine]  will 
meet  with  the  approval  of  our  successors."  That 
these  ordinances  throw  a  strong  light  upon  the 
mind  and  manners  of  our  forefathers  need  not  be 
emphasized  ;  a  knowledge  of  them  is  indispensable 
to  an  understanding  of  the  period.  This  edition 
is  furnished  with  introductions  and  notes. 


THE  Publisher  would  be  pleased  to  hear  from 
any  subscriber  who  may  have  a  copy  of  the  Index 
to  vol.  vi.,  12th  Series,  to  spare. 


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TWELFTH  SERIES.   VOL  X. 


SUBJECT    INDEX. 


[For  classified  articles  see  ANONYMOUS  WORKS,  BOOKS  RECENTLY  PUBLISHED,  CHRISTIAN  NAMES, 
FOLK-LORE,  HERALDRY,  LONDON,  MOTTOES,  PLACE-NAMES,  PROVERBS  AND  PHRASES, 
QUOTATIONS,  SONGS,  SURNAMES,  and  TAVERN  SIGNS.] 


Abbott  Richard),  ot  Burton,  Westmorland,  date 

of  death  wanted,  190 
Abercrombie  (John),  horticulturist,  d.  1806,  273, 

313 
"  Abyssinian "    cross    carried    in    procession    on 

Armistice  Day,   9  ;    presented  to  Westminster 

Abbey,  79 

Accra  :   James  Fort  inscriptions,  245 
Adair  (James),  historian,  94 

Adams    (Thomas),   of   Warkworth,    Northumber- 
land, dates  of  birth  and  death  wanted,  310 
Addison's  '  Spectator,'  edition  published  by  Ton- 
son  and  Draper,  168,  235 

Afghanistan,  inscription  on  Irishman's  tomb,  347 
Akenside  (Mark),  d.  1770,  273 
Alcock  (Charles),  writer  on  cricket  and  football, 

d.  1907,  310,  357 
Aldeburgh:  Commonwealth  marriages  and  burials 

in    Register   Book,     81,     104,     124,     142,    175; 

destruction  of  church  in  1643,  301 
Aldworth  (Avery),  m.  1630/31,  197 
Allingham  family,  390 
'  Allostree's  Almanack,'  1680,  70 
"  Ambidexter,"    earliest    use    of    word    in    legal 

phraseology,  15 

America,  British  settlers  in,  57,  114,  178,  198 
American  Civil  War,  books  on,  431,  476 
American  humorists  :    Capt.  G.  H.     Derby,   154, 

219 

Amore  family,  371 
Ancaster,  Guor  Anegon  of,  443 
Andrewes  (Thomas),  sheriff  at  execution  of  Mary 

Stuart,  410 
Andrews  (D.)  do  Swaythling,  book-plate  of,  191, 

236 
Anglo-Saxon  riddle  :   '  The  Cuckoo,'  109 


Animals,  three  most  dangerous,  72,  113 
Annamaboe,  notes  on,  41 

Anonymous  Works  : — 

British  Melodies,  48 
Comic  Natural  History,  92 
Duke  of  Mantua,  The  :   a  Tragedy,  288 
Miser  Fairbrother's  Daughter,  252 
Norman  People,  229 
To-day  and  other  Poems,  94,  119 
Two  Months  in  New  Orleans  and  the  Con- 
federate States,  34,  79 

Antigua,  condition  of  military  burial-ground,  351 
"  Antiseptic  island  "  :  Inishglara,  489 
'  Anything  for  a  Quiet  Life,'  play  by  Webster  and 

Middleton,  11,  50 
Apprentices  to  and  from  overseas,  29,  69,  106,  248 

327,  429,  472 

Arab  (or  Eastern)  horses,  91,  138,  154,  198,  257 
Archer  family,  British  settlers  in  America,  368 
Armageddon  Chapel,  Clifton,  109 
Arms,  unidentified,  130,  199,  :>:{<; 
Armstrong  (John),  vicar  of  Tidenham,  1845-1853, 

257 

Armstrong  family,  48,  435 

Arnold  (Matthew),  his  reference  to  history  as  "  the 
huge   Mississippi   of  falsehood,"    34,    119;     his 
quotation  from  Erigena,  252 
Arras  :    the  so-callc<r  Spanish  .-urhitorturo  ofc.  3 
Artists  :   biographical  < IHails  sought,  9 
Arundel  Club,  32 1 
Ash  \\dlthorpo   Church,    Norfolk,    inscriptions   in, 

227 
'  Assumption  of  the  Virgin  '  :    see  under  National 

Gallery 

11  At  "  or  "  in,"  use  with  place-names,   170,  234, 
358 


502 


SUBJECT  INDEX. 


Notes  and   Queries.   July   29,   1922. 


Athenian  Club,  321 

Atkinson  (James),  medical  officer  in  India,  d.1852, 

289,  337 
Atterbury  (Francis),  Bishop  of  Rochester,  poems 

attributed  to,  91 

Aucher  and  Depedene  families,  149 
August  Society  of  the  Wanderers,  322 
Austen  (Jane),  references  wanted,  450 
Austen- Leigh    (Rev.    Edward)  —  "  Sexagenarian," 

437 

Australia,  introduction  of  rabbits  into,  32 
Austrian  hunting-horn,  390 
Auterac  (Joseph),  Westminster  scholar,  110 
Automata  :   exhibitions  in  London,  269,  331,  396; 

see  also  under  Games — Chess 


Bacon  (Charles,  John  and  William),  Westminster 

scholars,  331 
Baldwin  (George  Dimsdale),  Westminster  scholar, 

331 

Ball  games  :   see  Games 
Banbury  :  the  Globe  Room,  226 
Barbados  :     Needham's  Point  cemetery,    23,    46, 

351,  393 

Barbosa  (Senator  Roy),  book  wanted,  371 
Barnard,  schoolmaster  of  Worksop,  330 
Barnard   (Andrew  and  Sir  Frederick  Augustus), 

librarians  to  King  George  III.,  71 
Baron    (Hartgill),    particulars    of   parentage   and 

family  sought,  92 
Barrel  organs  in  churches,  209,  254,  316,  353,  398, 

437,  477 
Barrie  (Sir  J.  M.),  American  reprint  of  newspaper 

articles,  210 

Bashe  (Sir  Richard  and  Sir  Edward),  149 
Battersea  enamel  works,  70 
Bawwaw,  place-name,  68 
Beaconsfield  (Lord)  and  Ude,  the  cook,  110 
Bear,  the  horse  and  the  aubergine,  passage  in  Kan 

Sazan's  '  Fude  no  Susabi  '  quoted,  308 
Bears,  their  ferociousness,  72,  113 
Beauchamp  (Sir  John)  of  Fyfield,  Essex,  his  arms, 

99 

Beauchamp  family,  3 1 
Bedford  :    monumental  inscriptions  in  churches, 

chapels  and  burial  grounds,  325,  365,  405,  447, 

484 
Bedingfield  (William),  minor-poet,  b.  about  1720, 

91,  137 

Beef,  effect  of  eating  on  one's  wit,  310,  355 
'  Beggar's  Opera  '  in  Dickens,  14,  74 
Bells,  house,  174 
Benson  and  Smith  families,  387 
Berdewell,  Denny  and  Furneux  families,  369 
Bermuda  Company,  342,  362 

Bernard  the  Dane  and  the  House  of  Harcourt,  16 
Bernasconi  and  the  restoration  of  sculpture,  1 89 
"  Berquet  "   or  "  bercovet,"   meaning  of   words, 

317,  355 

"  Berwick,"  meaning  of  word,  229,  317,  355 
"  Bespoke  bootmaking,"  meaning  of  expression, 

331 

Bestiary,  an  illustration  of  the,  366,  413 
Bettesworth    (Edmund,    Edward    and    Robert), 

Westminster  scholars,  350 
Biaba  (Elisabet  D.  C.  Dyciss),  portrait  on  wood 

panel,  150,  256 
Bible,  Huguenot,  110 


Bible,  early  editions  in  Latin,  427,  495 
"  Bidle,"  land-measurement  term,  48,  96,  156 
Billingsgate,  the  "  bosse  "  of,  452 
Birmingham  mint  and  French  coinage,  490 
Birth,  inference  as  to  date  of,  127,  173 
Blacket  (Henry),  vicar  of  Boldon,  1770-1808,  469 
Blackmore  (Sir  Richard),  his  wife,  111 
Blackmore    (B.    D.),    his    poem,    '  Dominus    Illu- 

minatio  Mea,'  132 

Blackwell   (George   Graham),   of   Oxford  Univer- 
sity, 1819,  210 

B  laden  family,  British  settlers  in  America,  368 
Blair  (Henry  and  William  Robert),  Westminster 

scholars,  431 
Blake  (Charles,  Fasham  and  John),  Westminster 

scholars,  350 
Blake   (William),   early  American  publication  of 

his  poems,  128 

Blancheapelton,  place-name,  345 
Bloxam  (Charles  Henry),  Westminster  scholar,  131 
"  Bluebeard  "  story  :   origin  and  early  references, 

68,  113,  196,  255 
Blyth  family  pedigree,  348 
Boates  (Henry  Ellis)  of  Liverpool,  251,  297,  316, 

356 
Bolton  Evening  News,  (?)  oldest  halfpenny  evening 

newspaper,  330,  476 
Bomb- vessels  in  Charles  II. 's  navy,  16 
"  Bomenteek,"  use  of  word,  494 
Bonython  (Sir  J.  Langdon),  incorrectly  described 

as  "  the  late,"  380 
Book-finds,  487 
Book-plate  of  D.  Andrews  de  Swaythling,  191,  236 


Books  recently  published  : — 

Ackerman's  (A.  S.  E.)  Bacon  and  Shakespeare, 

300 
Acts  of  the  Privy  Council  of  England  (1613- 

1614),  300 

Alumni  Cantabrigenses,  178 
Ancient  Tales  from  Many  Lands,  by  R.  M. 

Fleming,  39 
Anglo-Saxon   and   Norse   Poems,   edited   by 

N.  Kershaw,  419 
Archaeologia  Aeliana,  220 

Archaeology  and  Anthropology,  Annals  of,  360 
Authors'    and    Printers'    Dictionary,    by    F. 

Howard  Collins,  60 
Bacon  and  Shakespeare,  by  A.  S.  E.  Acker- 

marni,  300 
Bennett's    (H.    S.),    The  Pastons    and   their 

England,  259 
Bibliographies    of   Modern    Authors  :     J.    C. 

Squire  and  James  Stephens,  260 
Bolland's   (William   Craddock),  The   General 

Eyre,  199 
Bossuet    (Jacques    Benigne)  :    a    Study,    by 

E.  K.  Sanders,  139 
Bradley's    (H.)    On    the    Text    of    Abbo    of 

Fleury's  '  Quaestiones  Grammaticales,'  359 
Brunanburh,    The     Battle     of,     by     J.     B. 

McGovern,  320 
Cambridge  Medieval  History,  The,  Vol.  iii.,. 

Germany  and  the  Western  Empire,  380 
Casanova  de  Seingalt  (Jacques),  Memoires  de, 

200 
Chad  wick's  (D.)  Social  Life  in  the  Days  of 

Piers  Plowman,  339 
Churches   of  the   City   of   London,    The,   by 

Herbert  Reynolds,  260 


Notes  and   Queries,   July  29.   1922.        SUBJECT    INDEX. 


503 


Books  recently  published  : — • 

Collins's    (F.    H.)    Authors'    and    Printers 

Dictionary,  60 
Crabtree's  (W.  A.)  Primitive  Speech.    Part  I. 

A  Study  in  African  Phonetics,  320 
Dante  :    Poet  and  Apostle,  259 
Denny  (Col.   William),   Lieutenant- Governor 

of  Pennsylvania,  Memoir  of,  40 
Dennys,   Pedigrees  of  Some  East  Anglican, 

by  H.  L.  L.  Denny,  40 
Dictionary  of  English  Phrases,  60. 
Ecclesiastical  Latin,  An  Introduction  to,  by 

H.  P.  V.  Nunn,  220 
Elizabethans    and    the    Empire,    by    A.    F. 

Pollard,  80 
Emerson's  (Ralph  Waldo)  Nature  and  Other 

Miscellanies,  500 
English  Association,  Essays  and  Studies  by 

Members  of  the,  40 
English  Gothic  Architecture,  A  Guide  to,  by 

S.  Gardner,  399 
English  Prose,  Vol.  iv.,  Landor  to  Holmes, 

360 ;     Vol.    v.,    Mrs.    Gaskell    to    Henry 

James,  440 
English     Tracts,     Pamphlets     and     Printed 

Sheets :     a    Bibliography,    by    J.    Harvey 

Bloom,  438 
English    Village    (The) :      The    Origin    and 

Decay  of  its  Community,  by  H.  Peake,  498 
Essex  Dialect  Dictionary,  A  Contribution  to 

an,  by  Edward  Gepp,  440 
Eveleth  (George  W.)  to  Edgar  Allen  Poe,  The 

Letters  from,  420 
Exeter,     The    Building    of     the    Cathedral 

Church  of  St.  Peter  in,  359 
Pinch    (late   Allan   George),    Report   on  the 

MSS.  of,  320 
Flags    (British)  :     Their   Early   History   and 

Development  at  Sea,  by  W.  G.  Perrin,  460 
Fleming's  (R.  M.)  Ancient  Tales  from  Many 

Lands,  39 
Folkestone  District,  The  Ancient  Buildings  of, 

420 

Freeman's  (Andrew)  English  Organ-Cases,  19 
French,  A  Manual  of,  by  H.  J.  Chaytor,  160 
Fritz  (Father  Samuel),  Journal  of  the  Travels 

of,  280 
Gardner's   (S.)   A   Guide   to   English   Gothic 

Architecture,  399 

Germany   and   the    Western    Empire    (Cam- 
bridge Medieval  History),  880 
Gloucester  Journal  (Bicentenary)  :  Historical 

Record,  by  Roland  Austin,  440 
Greene  (Isaac)  :   A  Lancashire  Lawyer  of  the 

Eighteenth     Century,     by     R.     Stewart- 
Brown,  240 
Grey  Friars  of  Chester,   The,  by  J.   H.   E. 

Bennett,   159 

Hampshire,  by  Telford  Varley,    120 
Hawthorne  (Nathaniel),  Tales  by,   260 
Inge's  (W.  R.)  The  Victorian  Age,  399 
Johnsonian  Gleanings.  Part  iii. :  The  Doctor's 

Boyhood,  by  Aleyn  Lyell  Reade,  279 
Kraljevich  (Marko),  The  Ballads  of,  trans,  by 

D.  H.  Low,   318 
Language  :    An  Introduction  to  the  Study  of 

Speech,  by  Edward  Sapir,  400 
Laws  of  the  Earliest  English  Kings,  ed.  and 

trans,  by  F.  L.  Attenborough,  500 
Lucas's    (F.    L.)     Seneca    and    Elizabethan 
Tragedy,  239 


Books  recently  published  : — 

McGovern's  (J.  B.)    The|Battle    of  Brunan- 

burh,   320 

Measure  for  Measure  (New  Sheakespeare),  179 
Medieval  France  :    a  companion  to  French 

Studies,  ed.  by  A.  Tilley,  478 
Middle    English   Vocabulary,    by    J.    R.    R. 

Tolkien,  420 

Murry's  (J.  M.)  The  Problem  of  Style,  298 
Nature    and    other    Miscellanies,    by    Ralph 

Waldo  Emerson,  500 

New  English  Dictionary  on  Historical  Prin- 
ciples. Vol.  x.  W — Wash.,  by  Henry 
Bradley,  18  ;  X— -ZYXT,  by  C.  T.  Onions, 
159 

Newton's  (E.  E.)  Twinings  in  the  Strand,  480 
Nicholson's  (R.  A.)   Translations  of  Eastern 

Poetry  and  Prose,  339 

Nunn's  (H.  P.  V.)  An  Introduction  to  Ec- 
clesiastical Latin,  220 

Old  Deeside  Road,  The,  by  G.  M.  Fraser,  79 
Orange  Free  State,  Place-Names  of  the,  299 
Organ-Cases,  English,  by  A.  Freeman,  19 
Oriental  Studies,  A  Volume  of,  200 
Owl  (The)  and  the  Nightingale,  Ed.  by  J.  W. 

H.  Atkins,  439 

Oxford  University  Press,  1468-1921,  280 
Papal  Registers  relating  to  Great  Britain  and 
Ireland,  Calendar  of  Entries  in  the,  Vol.  xi., 
1455-1464,    120 

Paracelsus,  by  John  Maxson  Stillman,  340 
Pastons  and  their  England,  The,  by  H.  S. 

Bennett,   259 
Pepysian  Garland   (A),  ed.  by  H.  E.  Rollins, 

499 

Perrin's  (W.  G.)  British  Flags,  460 
Place-Names  of  the  Orange  Free  State,  by 

C.  Pettman,  299 
Polish  Tales,  trans,  by  Else  C.  M.  Benecke 

and  Marie  Busch,  80 
Pollard's  (A.  F.)  The  Complete  Elizabethans 

and  the  Empire,  80 

Primitive    Speech.     Part    i.  :     A    Study    in 
African  Phonetics,  by  W.  A.  Crabtree,  320 
Print-Collector's    Quarterly,    220 
Prints  of  British  Military  Operations,  100 
Quarterly  Review,  60,   340 
Readings  in  English  Social  History  from  Con- 
temporary Literature,  Vol.  iv.,  400 
Reynolds's   (Herbert)   The   Churches   of   the 

City  of  London,  260 
Sadlier's   (Michael)   Excursions   in   Victorian 

Bibliography,  419 
Sanders's  (E.  K.)  Jacques  Be"nigne  Bossuet, 

139 
Shakespeare  Dictionary  :    '  The  Tempest,'  by 

A.  E.  Baker,  260 
Sidney  (Sir  Philip),  The  Complete  Works  of, 

Vol.  ii.,  ed.  by  A.  Feuillerat,  80 
Society  of  Army  Historical   Research,   The 

Journal  of  the,  360 
Southampton  (Third  Earl  of),  Shakespeare's 

Patron,  by  Charlotte  Stopes,   119 
S.P.E.  Tracts,  319 
Stillman's  (J.  M.)  Paracelsus,  340 
Stopes's    (Charlotte),    The    Life    of    Henry, 

Third  Earl  of  Southampton,  119 
Style,  The  Problem  of,  by  J.  M.  Murray,  298 
Tanner's  (J.  R.)  Tudor  Constitutional  Docu- 
ments, A.D.  1485-1603,  479 


504 


SUBJECT    INDEX.         Notes   and   Queries,   July   29,   1922. 


Books  recently  published  : — • 

Tolkien's  (J.  R.  R.)  A  Middle  English  Vocabu- 
lary, 420 
Tudor  Constitutional  Documents,  A.D.   1485- 

1603,  by  J.  R.  Tanner,  479 
Twinings  in  the  Strand,  by  E.  E.  Newton,  480 
Varley's  (Telford)  Hampshire,  120 
Victorian  Age,  The,  by  W.  R.  Inge,  399 
Victorian    Bibliography,    Excursions    in,    by 

Michael  Sadleir,  419 

Watkins's  (Alfred)  Early  British  Trackways. 
2*0 

Booksellers,  Provincial,  A.D.  1714,  28 

Bordieu,  or  Bourdieu  (James),  Westminster 
Scholar,  453 

Boss   of  Billingsgate,  452 

Boston  Museum,  portraits  of  Dickens  and  Coler- 
idge in,,  148,  198 

Botticelli,  '  The  Assumption  of  the  Virgin  '  at- 
tributed to,  181 

Botticini,  the  '  Assumption  of  the  Virgin '  at- 
tributed to,  181 

Boulger  (John  and  William)  of  Oxford  University, 
131 

Bourne  (Sir  John),  Secretary  of  State,  1558,  367, 
435,  477 

Bourson,  place-name,  371 

Bow  Fair  =   Green  Goose  Fair,  305 

Boyce  (Samuel),  d.  1775,  108 

Brade  (Harper  and  James),  Westminster  Scholars, 
431 

Bragge  (William),  his  collection  of  books  about 
tobacco,  470 

Braithwaite  (Abe),  his  work  on  strange  occur- 
rences in  Yorkshire,  70 

Brasses,  representation  of  St.  Christopher  on,  77 

Bredon  Hill,  poems  on,  390,  473 

Brerewood  (Thomas),  poet,  d.  1748,  91 

Bretel,  Christian-name,  170 

Bretton  family,  British  settlers  in  America,  368 

Brewers'  Company,   114 

Brighton  :  the  Antheum  or  Oriental  Garden  in 
1833,  32,  76  ;  drawing  of  the  "  Chalybeate," 
209,  295 

Brindley  family  of  Hayfield,  Derbyshire,  131 

'  British  and  Foreign  Review,'  453,  493 

'  British  Melodies,'  48,   115 

British  settlers  in  America,  57,  114,  178,  198,  256, 
327,  368,  413 

Broderip  (John),  organist  of  Wells  Cathedral,  350, 
394 

Broke  (Capt.  Philip  B.  V.),  Commander  of 
Shannon  in  engagement  with  Chesapeake,  465 

Brooke  family  arms,  470 

Brothers  of  the  same  Christian  name,  59,  258 

Brown  (Charles  F.)  =  "  Artemus  Ward/'  54 

Brown  (J.  H.),  his  '  Pipe  of  Tobacco,'  108,  176 

Browning  (Robert),  quotation  from  '  A  Lover's 
Quarrel,'  49,  119 

Buckeridge  (Katharine),  of  Ipsden,  Oxon,  250 

Buffaloes,  Royal  Antediluvian  Order  of,  early 
references  to,  229,  318 

Bull  (John),  of  West  Jersey,  430 

"  Bull  and  mouth,"  168,  257 

Bunsen  (Christian)  and  Connop  Thirl  wall,  9 

Burdett  (Robert),  Westminster  scholar,  290,  356 

Burgh  (John),  glass-painter  of  York,  88 

"  Burnt  his  boats  "  :  see  under  Proverbs  and 
Phrases 

"  Bur-walnut,"  19L  238,  338 

Bushell  (Lady),  244 


Busick  (R.)  of  Epsom,  251 

Butcher  (James  G.),  Westminster  scholar,  431 
Byerley  family  of  Byerley,  their  earliest  seat,  453 
Byron  (Lord)  and  Thomas  Campbell  :    a  parallel, 
45  ;    and  Corsica  in  1821,  270,  312  ;    and  '  The 
Duke  of  Mantua,'  288  ;   and  the  Royal  Society, 
430,  498 


Cadby  (Mr.),  piano  maker,  168,  219 

Caen  Wood  :  see  Ken  Wood 

Calderon  de  la  Barca  (Frances),  250,  339 

Calendar,  reformations  of  the,  395  ;    old  and  new 

style  and  the  Treasury's  financial  year,  369,  432 
Calkin  (Lance),  artist,  290,  379 
Cambridge  (Earl  of),  his  -arms,  491 
Cambuc,  early  ball  game,  7 
Cammug,  early  ball  game,  7 
Campbell  (Thomas)  and  Byron  :  a  parallel,  45 
Candles  :   "  Flat  candles,"  467 
Cane-bottomed  chairs,  350,  398 
Cannibal  Club,  322 
"  Cannot  away  with,"  meaning  of  the  expression, 

470,  497 
Capern  (Edward),  the  "  Robert  Burns  "  of  Devon, 

110,  175 

"  Cap  of  maintenance,"  151,  195,  231,  258,  379 
Capon  tree  in  Jedwater,  450,  493 
Capronnier     (Jean    Baptiste),      glass-painter     of 

Brussels,   44 

Carey  (Henry),  b.  1690,  his  poems,  91,  137 
Carli  (Gian  Rinaldo)  and  Settecentescan  dramatic 

criticism,  302 
Carlings,  287,  353 

Carroll  family,  British  settlers  in  America,  368 
Casanova  (Jacques),  his  prison  room  in  the  Sotto 

Piombi,  6  ;    a  new  criticism  of  his  '  Memoires,' 

47  ;   in  England,  163  ;   corrigendum,  200 
'  Castle  Daly  '  and  Galway,  47  ;   corrigendum,  340 
Catherine,  Duchess  of  Gordon,  her  visit  to  America, 

150 

Cats  :   in  folk-lore,  429  ;  tailless,  431,  472 
Caxton  advertisement,  469 
Ceremonial  vestments  of  the  judiciary,  116 
Chairs,  cane-bottomed,  350,  398 
Chalk  in  Kent  and  its  owners,  151,  195,  255 
Chamberlain  (Rev.  B.),  of  Oxford,  166 
"  Champagne,"  spellings  of ,  71,  116 
Chance  family  and  the  '  Gloucester  Journal,'  285 
'  Charing  Cross  Magazine,'  371,  398 
Charlotte  (Queen),  epigram  on  death  of,  372 
Charm  of  St.  Colme,  113 
Cheapside,  width  of,  290,  335 
Cheese  Saint  and  cheese  sacrifices,  237 
Chesapeake  and   Shannon,   engagement   between, 

465 

Chess  :  see  Games 
Chester  (Col.),  his  extracts  from  Parish  Registers, 

52 

Chester  monastery,  470 
Chesterton  House  :  seventeenth-century  accounts, 

384 

Chimney-sweeper's  climbing  boys,  16 
Chinese  festival  for  departed  relatives,  429 
Chinkwell,  derivation  of  name,  93,  157,  236 
Chippendale  (Thomas),  cabinet-maker,  I 

Christian  Names  : — 

Bretel,  170,  295 

Brothers  of  the  same,  59,  25$ 


Notes  and  Queries,  July  29.  1922.  SUBJECT    INDEX. 


505 


Christian  Names  :— 
Eucephus,  169 
Surnames  as,  115,  255,  397 

Chippendale  family,  1 

'  Church  of  England  Magazine,'  469 

Clarges  (Sir  Thomas)  and  the  Southwark  by- 
election,  March,  1666,  27 

'  Clergy  and  their  Beneficies,'  MS.  of,  9,  77 

Clifton  :  Armageddon  Chapel,  109 

Clinton  (Sir  Wm.  Henry),  portrait  wanted,  350, 
493 

"  Clio  "  :   see  Sansom  (Mrs.) 

Clocks  and  clockmakers  :  early  reference  to 
twenty-four  hour  clock,  106  ;  William  Kipling 
and  Richard  Motley  of  London,  431,  478,  495  ; 
hands  as  described  by  Dickens,  468 

Clopton  family  of  Suffolk,  288 

Clubs— Club  of  Nobody's  Friends,  417— Mid- 
Victorian,  321,  417— Pillow  (Pilar)  Club,  175— 
Star  Club,  491 

Clyburne  (William)  and  Stucley,  266 

Coale-rents,  meaning  of  term,  70,  113 

"  Coget  "  (?  Coqet),  230,  318 

Coin,  adventures  of  a,  2,  452,  493 

Colepeper  (William),  minor  poet,  91 

Coleridge,  his  portrait  in  Boston  Museum,  1 48 

Collier  (Jeremy),  his  '  Ecclesiastical  History,'  28 

Colman  (George),  his  poem, '  A  Newcastle  Apothe- 
cary,' 59 

Colman  (George),  Westminster  scholar,  his  wife, 
230,  258 

Colquhoun  Club,  323 

'  Comic  Natural  History,'  92 

Commonwealth  marriages  and  burials  in  the 
Aldeburgh  Register  Book,  81,  104,  124,  142,  175 

Commonwealth  registers,    141 

'  Compleat  Collier,'  by  F.  C.,  170 

Concanen  (Alfred),  his  designs  for  Adah  Menken's 
'  Infelicia,'  97 

Constable  (Sir  Marmaduke),  value  of  his  estate  in 
1653,  170 

Conway  (James),  "  the  policeman  poet,"  110 

Conybeare  (William  Daniel),  Dean  of  Llandaff,  230 

Cook  (Holof ernes),  at  Cambridge  University  in 
1586,  251 

Cooke  (Maj-.Gen.  H.  F.),  "  Kangaroo  .  Cooke," 
94,  156 

Copley  (Thomas),  British  settler  in  America,  368 

Copper-plates,  historical,  169 

Cornelys  (Mme.),  portrait  of,  208 

Corsom,  or  Corson,  author  of  '  Two  Months  in  the 
Confederate  States,'  79 

"  Cosh,"  stable  term,  286,  355 

Cossens,  Hants,  pedigree  wanted,  230 

Coteries,  some  mid-Victorian,  321,  417 

Cotes  of  Cotes  (Laetitia),  second  wife  of  Ian  Gideon 
Looten,  469 

Cotter  (Rev.  George  Sackville),  d.  1831,  251,  296 

Cotton  (Adm.  Sir  Charles),  b.  1753,  371,  417 

Cotton  (Henry),  Dean  of  Lismore,  371 

Cotton  family  of  Warblington,  Hants,  36 

Cowper  (Judith),  her  poems,  95 

Cox  (Sir  Charles),  M.P.  for  Southwark,  d.  1729, 
189 

Crabbe  (Isabella),  stated  to  be  mother  of  Vesalius, 
349 

Crests — Sun  rising  out  of  a  bank  of  clouds,  410 

Croft  family  of  Barf orth,  110 

Croker  (Rev.  T.  H.),  rector  of  St.  John's,  Capis- 
terre,  St.  Christopher's,  391 

Crossley  (John)  of  Halifax,  m.  1708,  372 


Crotch    (Dr.),    his    "  full-length    miniature  "    by 

Rymsdyck,  470 

Crouch  (H.),  water-colour  artist,  229 
'  Cuckoo  '  :  Anglo-Saxon  riddle,  109 
Cullen,  or  Culling  (William) ,  Westminster  scholar, 

391,   437 

Cumulative  stories,  148,  208 
Curious  deed  of  obligation,  402.  471 
Cutty  Sark,  her  first  skipper,  467 


Dallas  family  of  Cantray,  32 
Dalston  family  of  Acornbank,  49,  95 
Dame  Anthony's  Green,  place-name.  470 
Daniel  (George),  author  of  '  The  Adventures  of 

Dick  Distich,'  417 
Dante,  his  beard,  56,  115 
"  Dapp's  Hill,"  place-name,  330 
Darnall  family,  British  settlers  in  America,  368 
"  Dear  Clifford's  Seat,"  place-name,  30 
Death  presumed  :   case  before  Lord  Langdale,  489 
Deed  of  obligation,  curious,  402,  471 
De  Haryngy  :   see  Haryngy 
De  Heringeshae,  place-name,  248,  318 
'  De  Imitatione  Christi  '  :    echoes  of  Virgil,  94 
Dekker    (Thomas),    Massinger   and    '  The   Virgin 

Martyr,'  61,  83 
Deledda  (Grazia),  Italian  poet  and  novelist,  453, 

495 

"  Den  "  (final)  in  Kentish  place-names,  49,  116 
Denny,  Furneux  and  Berdewell  families,  369 
Denton  (Thomas),  his  automata,  331 
Denton  (Thomas),  Westminster  scholar,  470 
Delaplace    (George    and    Dennis),     Westminster 

scholars,   271 
De  Ligne  :    see  Ligne 
Depedene  and  Aucher  families,  149 
Derby  (Capt.  G.  H.),  American  humorist,  154,  219 
Derbyshire  lead -mining,  old  law  of,  468 
Devaux  (M.),  his  letters  to  Mme.  de  Guaffigny,  389 
Devonshire  MSS.,  170,  236 
Dibdin     (Thomas     Frognal),     bibliographer,     his 

letter  to  Dr.  Bliss,  461 
Dickens  (Charles),  literary  allusions  in  works,  14, 

74,  437  ;   portrait  in  Boston  Museum,  148,  198  ; 

drugging    of    Darnay    in    '  The    Tale    of    Two 

Cities,'  151  ;    Martin  in  '  Pickwick  Papers,'  428 
Dickson  (Harry),  glass-painter  of  York,  45 
Dickson  (Thomas),  Crown  and  Colony  Surveyor, 

d.  1841,  230 

Dingley  (Sir  Thomas),  Knight  of  Malta,  98,  238 
Disraeli  queries,  8,  55 
Dodd  (Rev.  William),  first  grand  Chaplain  of  the 

Freemasons,  481 
Dominoes  :   see  Games 
"  Doodle,"  origin  of  word,  370 
Dowding  (William)  of  Oxford  University,  469 
"  Dowle  chamber,"  meaning,  208.  474 
Dowman,  his  portrait  of  '  Lady  Gordon,'  470 
Dowsing  (William),  his  visitation  of  destruction 

in  Suffolk,   1643,   3oi 
Drought,   number  of  rainless  days  constituting, 

468 

Droz  (Peter  Jacquez),  his  automata,  331 
Drummond     (Andrew,     Edward     and     George), 

Westminster  scholars,  469 

Ducasse  (Peter),  Westminster  scholar,  290,  355 
"  Dummy  "  books,  pseudo-titles  for,  129,  173,  197, 

216,  233 
Duquesne  (Admiral),  16 


506 


SUBJECT    INDEX.       ^Otes   and   Queries,    July    29,   1922. 


"  Dutch  Hand-coloured  Prints,"  272 

"  Dyarchy,"  early  use  of  the  word,  467,  498 

Dye,  ancient  British  :    corrigenda,  20 


Eachard  and  the  Westenhanger  plot,  281 

"  Earthland,"  use  of  word,  148 

Eaton  (Nathaniel),  President  designate  of  Harvard 

College,  10 

Echo,  (?)  oldest  halfpenny  newspaper,  436,  477 
Edwards  (General  Clement),  his  military  service, 

131,  211,  252,  338 
Edwards  (Thomas),  LL.D.,  poet  and  critic,  d.  1757, 

16,  158 

Egg  folk-lore  :  Good  Friday  and  Christmas,  15 
84th  Regiment,  chaplains  of,  129 
Elder  in  folk-lore,  408 
Eldridge  (H.),  his  portrait  of  Nelson,  48 
Electric  light,  early  domestic  use  of,  166 
Elizabeth,   daughter  of  James   I.,  books  dealing 

with,  372 
Elton  (Col.   Richard),  author  of  '  The  Compleat 

Body  of  the  Art  Military,'  451 
Ely  Abbey  :   "  O  et  Olla  "  in  records  of,  491 
Emerson  (R.  W.)  and  Dr.  Johnson,  167 
Emery  (John),  his  songs,  468 
Emmett  (John  F.),  B.A.,  b.  1805,  151 
Engineers,  "  acting,"  329,  375 
English  army  slang  as  used  in  the  Great  War  :  see 

Slang 

Engraving,  ancient  method  of,  1 86 
Epigram  on  the  death  of  Queen  Charlotte,  372 
Epitaphs  in  Tetbury  Church,  Glos.,  170,  254 
Epitaphs  on  sportsmen,  273 
Equilinear  squares,  428,  475 
Equine  terms,  367,  399,  417 
Erghum  family  of  Erghum,  Yorkshire,  9,  55,  99, 

136,  172,  257 

Esquire,  practice  of  styling  author  as,  349,  395 
Estates  (Commonwealth)  and  present-day  values, 

170 
Etherege   (Sir   George),    his   grandfather,    father, 

and  the  Virginia  Company,  341,  362,  414 
Etonians,  eighteenth-century,  208 
"  Eucephus  "  as  a  Christian  name,  169 
Evans  (Bernard),  landscape  painter,  9,  57,  58 
Eveleigh  (William  George),  date  of  death  wanted, 

10 

Evelyn  queries,  90,  138,  469 
Evelyn  family,  British  settlers  in  America,   368, 

413 

Ewen  family  and  arms,  94,  158,  218 
Eyre  and  Norris  families,  59 


Fanlights,  white  horse  ornament  in,  229 
Farjeon  (B.  L.),  his  '  Miser  Farebrother,'  359 
Fenwick  (Sir  John),  his  connexion  with  bloodstock 

91,  138,  154,  198,  257 

Fenwick  family,  British  settlers  in  America,  368 
Feudal  payments  in  the  Hundred,  488 
Fiddlers'  Green,  130,  238 
Fielding  and  Taine,  7,  51 
"  Firdor,"  meaning  of  word,  129 
Fire-engines,  early,  286,  339 
Fishing  and  rain,  72 
FitzGerald   (Edward),    use   of    capital]   "  G  "   in 

name,  29 


Fitzharding  (William  G.  A.),  Westminster  scholar, 

169 
Flags  :    identification  sought,   70,  278  ;    reversing 

the  Union  Jack,  391,  432,  495  ;    first  raising  Of 

the  Stars  and  Stripes,  307,  357 

Flat  candle,"  Dickens's  allusions  to,  467 
Fleet  :   marriage  registers,  271,  355 
Fleet-street :    recent  changes,  323  ;    taverns,  346, 

396 
Fletcher    (Nathaniel),    author    of    '  A    Methodist 

Dissected,'  391 
Foley,  place-name,  370 

Folk-lore  : — 

Cats  in,  429 

Egg  folk-lore,   15 

Elder  in,  408 

Fiddlers'  Green,  130,  238 

Hair  cutting  and  the  moon,  93,  238 

Hampshire,  350,  398 

Northern  superstitions,  248 

Rope  of  sand,  309,  353,  417 

Smokers',  38,  116 

Yorkshire :     entries    made    by    Abe    Braith- 

waite,  70 
Foods,  national,  431 
Ford  (Gertrude  S.),  poem  by,  152 
Fords,  temporary  :    "  sand,"  167,  234 
"  Foregate,  Strand,"  330 
Foster   (Joseph),   his    '  List   of   Clergy   and   their 

Benefices,'  9 
Fountains  Abbey  parchments,  128 
Fowler  (Sir  Hans),  1714-1771,  191 
Franklin  (Henry)  of  Kingston,  Jamaica,  d.   1857, 

289 
Free'dom  of  a  city  :    origin  of  grant,  55,  97,   11 8-, 

257 
Freemasonry   and   the    Royal   Society,    42,    175 ; 

"  Tuileurs,"  309  ;    the  Hackney  Mermaid,  388 
French  coinage  and  the  Birmingham  mint,  490 
French  plans  for  invasion  of  England,  388 
Fristiol  Tawlbwrdd,  Welsh  name  for  chess,  348 
Frogs  and  snails  as  purifiers  of  water,  310 
Fulbert  of  Dover  and  Hubert  de  Rie,  388,  436,  475 
Fuelolove,  surname,  55 
Furnese  (Henry),  Lord  of  the  Treasury,  17-.,  251, 

297 
Furneux,  Berdewell  and  Denny  families,  369 


"  Gad  "  =  a  perch,  or  10ft.,  48 
"  Gairns,"  Yorkshire  land-term,  89 
Gale  (Commodore),  legendary,  490 
Gale  (John),  his  '  Recreations,'  490 

Games  :  — 

Ball  games,  early,  7 

Chess  :      De    Kemplen's    automaton     chess- 
player, 72,  113,  155,  170 

Chess  in  Wales,  348 

Dominoes,   17 

Hop -scotch,  15 

Pallone,  65,  154,  278 

Gardiner  family,  British  settlers  in  America,  368 
Gaskell  (Elizabeth  Cleghorn),  documents  relating 

to,  309 

Gentlemen  of  the  Poultry,  56 
George  III.,  travels  in  early  life,  230 
German  books  wanted,  191 


Notes   and   Qiieries,   July 


1922.     SUBJECT  INDEX. 


507 


German  Duchies  and  Principalities,   eighteenth- 
century,  371,  415,  473 
Germanicus,  his  wife  Agrippina,  217,  295 
Gervase  de  Cornhill,  51 
Gezreel's  Tower,  Rochester,  199 
Gilar,  Denbighshire,  32,  115 
"  Gill  ale,"  489 

Gillman  (or  Guillim)  family,  370,  415 
Giraldus  Cambrensis,  meaning  of  passages  wanted, 

272 
Gladstone    (W.    E.)    and    the    song    '  Camptown 

Races,'  169,  217 

Glass -painters  of  York  :   the  Hodgson  family,  44  ; 
John  de  Burgh,  88  ;  chronological  lists,  184,  222 
Gloucester  Journal,  bicentenary,  261,  283 
Goat  :   lines  on  statuette,  72,  118 
Gordon  (Mrs.),  novelist,  158 
Gordon  (Charles  D.),  translator  of  Fritz  Mauthner's 

'  Aristotle,'  329,  398 
Gordon  ("  Chinese  ")  in  sculpture,  430  ;   Tupper's 

poems  on,  452 

Gordon  (Clarence),  b.  1835,  349,  494 
Gordon  (Donald)  and  the  Mount  Morgan  mine,  4U8 
Gordon  (Eduardo  G.),  429 
Gordon  (James),  nurseryman  of  Mile  End,  and 

Linnaeus,  250,  313 

Gordon  (Sir  John  William),  his  portrait,  photo- 
graphed in  the  Crimea,  169,  219 
Gozaeus  (Thomas)  and  the  University  of  Louvain, 

486 

Graf  ton,  Oxon,  318 
Graham  family  of  Mackinston,  209 
Granger's  '  Biographical  Dictionary,'   150 
Grant  (Baron),  lines  on,  31,  75,  115,  137 
Grave  (Henri  de)  and  the  University  of  Louvain, 

486 
"  Grave  "  and   "  gressom,"  derivation  of  words 

246,  311 

Green  (Mr.),  inventor  of  the  Kinematograph,  401 
Green  Goose  Fair = Bow  Fair,  305 
Greene  (Anne)  survives  hanging,  472 
Greenwood  (James),  "  The  Amateur  Casual,"  219 
"  Gregor  "  of  the  Mosquito  Coast,  190,  233 
"  Gressom  "  and  "  grave,"  derivation  of  words, 

246,  311 
Greville  (Mrs.),  her  '  Prayer  of  Indifference,'  108, 

176 

Grey  (Mrs.  Elizabeth  Caroline),  373 
Griffith  (Moses),  copper-plate  engraver,  16 
Grimald  (Nicholas),  his  parentage,  56 
Groombridge  Place,  Kent,  painting  of,  490 
Guernsey  :    St.  Michael's  Church,  130,  197 
Gugitz    (Gustav),    his    criticism    of    Casanova's 

'  Me  mo  ires,'  47 
Guiccioli's     (Countess)     '  Recollections    of    Lord 

Byron,'  229,  297,  436 
Guildford  (Lady),  109 
Guinea  Company's  flag,  278 
Guinness  (Mr.),  member  of  the  Royal  Society  of 

Musicians,  1845,  491 
Gun  Powder  Plot  of  1615,  208,  256 
Guor  Anegon  of  Ancaster,  443 


H 

"  H,"  Celtic,  Latin  and  German  influences,   32, 

116,  172,  338 

Hackney  Mermaid  and  the  old  Freemasons,  388 
Hagen  family,  410 
Haines   (Capt.   Stafford  Bettes  worth),   officer  of 

Indian  navy,  349,  393 


Hair-cutting  :   moon  folk-lore,  93,  238 

Hales  (James),  killed  in  Italy,  1735,  32 

Hampshire  folk-lore,  350,  398 

"  Hampshire  hogs,"  meaning  of  phrase,  468,  497 

"  Hand  and  Pen,"  users  of  the  sign,  168,  216,  293, 

o80 

Harboard  (William),  b.  1682,  his  ancestry,  94 
Harcourt,  the  House  of,  15,  37,  77,  98 
Harcourt  (Philip  de),  Bishop  of  Bayeux,  126 
Harcourt  (Simon),  minor-poet,  91 
Harcourt  (Simon),  Clerk  of  the  Peace,  Middlesex, 

1693,  271 

Harcourt,  town  in  Normandy,  78 
Harcourt  family  of  Birmingham,  409,  476 
Hardgrave  (Charles),  glass-painter,  d.  1920,  45 
Harding  (James  Duffield),  artist,  1798-1863,  9,  57 
"  Hard -lying  money,"  first  official  use  of  term,  408 
Hardres  (Thoresby),  Westminster  scholar,  32 
Harenc  (Benjamin)  of  Foots  Cray  Place,  191,  258 
Harlow  (George  Henry),  artist,  b.  1787,  49 
Harness,  brass  ornaments  on,  410,  459,  478 
Harper  (Henry  Andrew),  landscape  painter,  9,  57 
Harrel  (Sir  David),  "  the  ideal  Under-Secretary," 

410 

Harrington  (Lady),  portrait  wanted,  227,  318 
Harrison   (Miss   Ann),  her  portrait  in  the   New 

Gallery,  328 

Hart  (Mrs.  Fanny),  author  of  poem  '  Harry,'  39 
Hartlib    (Samuel),    1600-1662,    his    residence    in 

England  and  burial-place,  110,  157 
Haryngy  (De)  as  surname  and  place-name,  109 
Hatchments  :    see  under  Heraldry 
Hatfield  :    '  Historia  Oppidi    Hatfieldiensis,'  209 
Hatton  (John),  d.  1793,  350,  395 
Havenc  (Benjamin),  High  Sheriff  of  Kent,  1777, 

191 

"  Hay  silver,"  meaning  of  term,  409,  454,  494 
Hazlitt  as  a  portrait  painter,  430 
Heather  family,  190,  258 
"  Hell-burner  "  =  infernal    machine    invented  by 

Giambelli,  17 

Hemphiel,  derivation  of  name,  409 
Henshaw    family    of    Uttoxeter    and    Cheshunt : 

Weake  of  Norfolk,  48 
Heraldic  :    grantee  of  anus  wanted,  453 
Heraldic  and  genealogical  societies  in  America,  272 
Heraldic  mottoes,  110,  156 
Heraldry  :— 

Argent,  a  chevron  sable  between  three  bulls' 

heads  erased  sable,  130,  199 
Argent,  a  cross  gules,  on  a  chief  azure  three 

mullets  or,  357 

Argent,  a  lion  rampant,  gules,  410 
Argent,  a  lion  rampant  sable,  crowned  gules, 

99 
Argent,  a  lion  rampant  between  three  dexter 

hands,  438 
Arg.  on  a  bend  sa.,  three  lions'  heads  erased 

of  the  field,  crowned  or,  478 
Argent  on  a  bend  vert,  three  stags'  heads, 

410,  474 
Argent, .  on   a   chevron  sable  ...  as   many 

leopards'  faces  or,  438 
Argent,   on  a  chevron  sable  between  three 

Cornish  choughs  ppr.,  389,  438 
Azure  a  cross  engrailed,  474 
Azure,  an  eagle  displayed,   on  a  chief  em- 
battled argent  three  torteaux,  474 
Azure,  the  sun  in  splendour,  or,  410,  474 
Ermines,  a  bend  cotised,  or  ;    crest,  on  a 
mount  vert,  a  stork  statant  proper,  94 


508 


SUBJECT    INDEX.         xoteg  and   Queries,   July   29,   1922. 


Heraldry:— 

Ermine,    on    a    chief   indented    gules,    three 

escallop  shells  arg.,  318 
Gules,  a  griffin  segreant,  or,  410,  474 
Gules,  three  fleurs-de-lis  or,  470 
Hatchments,  14  , 

Leeds,  arms  of,  56,  72,  115,  156 
Lion  rampant  between   three   dexter  hands 

couped,   389,   438 
Mill  Hill  School,  arms  of,  210,  357 
Palavicini  family  arms,  309,  357 
Per    fesse    gules    and   vert   three   hedgehogs 

(boars  ?),  argent,  451 
Quarterly  1  and  4,  or  a  lion  rampant  ;    2  and 

3  or  a  lion  rampant,  491 
Royal  arms  of  Edward  III.    410 
Sable,    a    chevron    ermine    between    three 

bulls'  heads  cabossed,  argent,  199 
Sable,  a  nag's  head  erased  or  between  three 

dexter  hands  couped  argent,  370 
Sable,  three  Danish  axes  in  f ess,  argent,  410 

474 

St.  Thomas's  Hospital,  308 
"  Seize  quartiers  "  wanted,  328 
Three  tombstones,  130 
York,  episcopal  arms  of,  328,  375,  419 
Herbert  (Henry  William),  request  for  biographical 

material,  120 
Herbert  (J.  D.),  "  actor,  author,  dramatist,  and 

painter,"  391 

Herebertus  de  Middlesex,  208 
Heredity,  431 

Herrick  (Robert),  his  grave,  426,  487 
Hesilrigge   (Sir   Robert),   dates   of  marriage  and 

death  wanted,  49 

Hewlett  (Thomas),  d.    1874,  composer  of  hymn- 
tunes,  350,  394 
Highgate  :  see  Place-Names 
Hilliard  (Nicholas)  and  gold-mining  in  Scotland, 

168  ;   his  portrait  of  Francis  Bacon,  229,  432 
Hilliard's  Court =Prusom's  Island,  378 
Historia  Oppidi  Hatfieldiensis,'  209 
History   "  the  vast  Mississippi  of  falsehood,"  34, 

119 

Hodgson  family,  glass -painters  of  York,  44 
Holborn  :   demolition  of  the  Middle  Row,  94,  239, 

318 

Holderness,  derivation  of  name,  370 
Holmes  (Emra),  131 
Holt  (Mrs.),  her  '  Isoult  Barry  of  Wynscote,'  93, 

139 

Home  and  Foreign  Review,  493 
Hoppner  (John),  his  grave,  288 
"  Hop-scotch,"  derivation  of  word,  15 
Horse-racing  :    stable  terms,  286 
Howarth  (Henry),  advocate,  d.  1783,  228,  258,  354 
Hubert  de  Rie  and  Fulbert  of  Dover,  388,  436,  475 
Hudson  family,  391,  438 
Hughes  (John),  his  translation,  '  On  Arqueanassa 

of  Colophos,'  91,  177 
Huguenot  Bible,  110 
Hume  (Tobias),  his  '  First  Part  of  Ayres    French 

Polish  and  Others,'  31,  76 
"  Hungary  water,"  409,  476 
Hymns  :  '  Just  for  To-day,'  94,  159,  298 


Icon,  inscriptions  on,  33,  117 
Imlay  (Gilbert)  and  Henry  Lee,  128 
"  Impecuniosus,"  writer  on  sport,  390 


"  In  "  or  "  at,"  use  with  place-names,  170 

Index-  Ecclesiasticus,  9,  77 

Inglis  (Frances  Erskine),  wife  of  Angel  Calderon 

de  la  Barca,  250,  339 

'  Ingoldsby  Legends,'  annotation  of,  33,  99,  177 
Inns,  naming  of  public  rooms  in,  178 
Inscriptions  in  courtyard  at  James  Fort,  Accra, 

245  ;     Ashwellthorpe    Church,    Norfolk,    227  ; 

Bedford  churches,  chapels  and  burial-grounds, 

325,  365,  405,  447,  484 
Inscriptions  on  an  Icon,  33,  117  ;    over  entrance 

of  the  Lazenki  Palace,  Warsaw,  151,  254  ;    on 

Irishman's  tomb  on  frontier  of  Afghanistan,  347 
Iiiishglara,  "  antiseptic  island,"  489 
"  Intue,"  use  of  word,  410,  474 
Irish  volunteers,  early,  109 
Islington  :    St.  Mary's  Churchyard,  188,  232 
Italy,  murders  in,  289,  336 
Ivy  (Lady),  286 


Jacobites  transported  to  Virginia,  361 

James  I.,  plot  against,  in  1615,  208,  256 

Jansen  (Cornelius)  of  Hulst  and  the  University  of 

Lou  vain,  486 
Janssen  (Stephen  Theodore),  portraits  of,    210  ; 

his  enamel  works,  70 
Jeary,  origin  of  name,  390 
Jeffreys  (Judge)  and  Shakespeare,  286 
Jellyman  family,  150 
Jennings   (Richard),   master-mason  of  St.   Paul's 

Cathedral,   194 

Jezreel's  Tower  :    see  GezreeVs  Tower 
Johnson  (Dr.)  and  Emerson,  167 
Johnson  (Sir  Henry)  of  Poplar,  d.  1719,  his  mother, 

249,  318 
Johnson  (Robert),  LL.B.,  Cambridge,   1531,  date 

of  death  wanted,  228 
Jones    (John),    d.     1796,    organist    of    St.    Paul's 

Cathedral,  372 

Jones  (Mary),  minor-poet,  108 
"  Journey  "  as  meaning  a  row  or  line  of  loaded 

trams,  38 

Judiciary,  ceremonial  vestments,  116 
Julian  Bower,  place-name,  449 


K 

"  Kangaroo  Cooke  "  =  Major-General  II.  F.  Cooke, 
94,  156 

Keary  (Annie),  her  novel  '  Castle  Daly,'  47  ;  corri- 
gendum, 340 

Keats  (John),  his  death  and  '  The  Quarterly  Re- 
view,' 221  ;  his  sonnet  '  On  seeing  the  Elgin 
Marbles  for  the  First  Time,'  273 

Kemplen  (de),  his  automaton  chess-player,  72, 
113,  155,  170,  255 

Kendall  (Henry),  191 

Kendall  (John),  d.  about  1501,  167 

Kendall  (William),  minor-poet,  108,  177 

Kenwood  :  particulars,  30 

Keppel  (John  C.  F.),  Westminster  scholar,  72 

Kimmeridge  coal  money,  135 

Kinematograph  entertainment  at  Winchester, 
1897,  401 

King  (Lady  Mary  Elizabeth),  d.  1819,  10 

King  and  Ormiston  families,  111 

King  family  book-plates,  49 

King's  Lynn  :  Mrs.  Siddons  and  the  theatre  at, 
94  ;  the  '  Red  Book,'  344 


Notes  and   Queries.   July   29,   1922.         SUBJECT    INDEX. 


509 


King's  Printing  House,  Thames -street,  1653,  269 
Kingsley  (Charles),  '  Vanity  Fair  '  caricature,  226 
Kipling   (William  and   John),   clockmakers,    431. 

478,  495 

Knaves  Acre  :  see  Lambeth 
Knight  (Charles),  performer  in  '  Not  So  Bad  As 

We  Seem,'  1851,  10,  51 
Knight  (Henrietta),  minor-poet,  91 
Knighthood  fees,  225 
Knights  of  the  Hanoverian  Order,  36,  75 
Knox  (G.  J.),  landscape  painter,  9,  57,  59 
Kotow,  refusal  to,  168,  215 
Kynaston  (Thomas  S.  and  Edward),  Westminster 

scholars,  72 


"  Labbut,"  explanation  of  name  wanted,  330 

Lackland,  surname,  130,  272 

Lade  (Sir  John),  his  marriage,  327 

Lambert  (Richard),  glass-painter  of  York,  45 

Lambert  family,  182,  318 

Lambeth  :   Knaves  Acre,  190,  256,  356 

Lamplugh  (Edward),  39,  76 

Landells   (Robert  Thomas),  artist,    1833-1877,    9, 

57,  58 

Land  measurement  terms,  48,  96,  156,  198,  236 
Langdale  (Lord),  case  before  :    death  presumed, 

489 

Languages  of  Eastern  Europe,  books  on,  431 
'  La  Santa  Parentela,'  miniature  painted  on  ivory, 

107,  157,  233,  296 
Latin  saying,  source  of,  188 
Lawrence  (Capt.),  commander  of  the  Chesapeake, 

465 

Lazenki  Palace  :   see  Warsaw 
Lead-mining  in  Derbyshire,  old  law  of,  468 
Ledbury,  Hereford,  manorial  owners  prior  to  1480, 

272,  337 

Lee  (Henry)  and  Gilbert  Imlay,  128 

Lee  family,  71 

I^edes  family  of  North  Milford,  Tadcaster,  110 

Leeds,  arms  of,  56,  72,  115,  156 

Lely  (Sir  Peter)  and  portraits  of  Barbara  Villiers, 

251 

Lely  (Richard),  minor-poet,  91,  137 
Lens  (Jean  de)  and  the  University  of  Lou  vain,  486 
Lewis  (David),  attribution  of  '  Songs  to  Winfreda  ' 

to,   91 

Ligne  (Daniel  de),  Westminster  scholar,  310,  358 
Linnaeus  and  the  Mile  End  Nursery,  250,  313 
Literary  "  finds,"  487 
Literary  parallels  and  coincidences,  449 
Literature:    authors  of  "penny  dreadfuls,"  210, 

273,  332,  372,  417,  458,  475 

"  Living  library,"  use  of  the  phrase,  53 
Llangollen  church,  arms  in  stained-glass  window 

of,  410,  474 

Lloyd  family,  British  settlers  in  America,  368 
Loftus  family,  289,  356,  398 

London  :— 

Billingsgate,  the  "  bosse  "  of,  452 
Cheapside,  width  of,  290,  335 
Clockmakers  of,  431,  478,  495 
"  Coffee-houses,"  East  London,  107,  238 
Coffee-houses,     taverns     and     inns     in     the 

eighteenth-century,    13,    26,    66,    102,    164, 

202,  314 
Commercial  schools  in  the  eighteenth  century, 

451 


London  :— 

Eighteenth-century  habits  and  customs,  207 
Fleet  Street :    recent  changes,  323  ;    taverns 

346,  396 

Gentlemen  of  the  Poultry,  56 
Islington:    St.  Mary's  Churchyard,  188,  232 
Lord  Mayor,   one  legged  :    see   Watson  (Sir 

Brook) 

Mounted  Police,  468 
St.  Peter-the-Proud,  Church  of,  55 
Tavern  signs  :    "  The  Cock  "   (Suffolk-street 
or   Bow-street),    371,    474;     "The   Swan' 
96,  136 
London  Bridge  (old),  early  references  to,  245,  314, 

Looten  (Jan  Gideon),  his  wife,  Laetitia  Cotes,  469 
Lord  (William),  Governor  of  Cape  Coast  Castle, 

d.  1718,  318 

Lords  of  the  manor,  privileges  granted  by,  7 
Lord's  Prayer,  the  fifth  petition,  11,  52 
Louis  de  Male,  490 

Lou  vain  University,  professorships  at,  486 
"  Love  "  in  place-names,  130,  473 
Lovell  (Thomas),  Act  of  James  I.  for  relief  of,  150 
Lower   Thames-street :     the   Steam   Packet   Inn, 

207,   279  ;    meaning  of  stone  sign  in  front  of 

No.  6,  309,  395 
Lyttelton  family  and  the  Popish  Plot,  349,  394 


M 

Macdonald   (John  Cameron)  of    The  Times'   and 

Waddon,  469,  498 

MacGregor  (William)  =  Captain  Skinner,  356 
Mackintosh  (Brigadier)  and  the  Jacobite  rising  of 

1715,   361 

McWhea  family,  290 
Maddeson  (George  and  John),  273 
Maelcote    (Robert    van)    and   the    University   of 

Louvain,   486 
"  Magic  squares,"  428,  475 

Magrath  (Meiler),  Archbishop  of  Cashel,  59,  112 
Maitre  (John  Peterle)  and  Oxford  University,  425, 

463,   482 

"  Male,"  etymology  of  word,   490 
Maltby  family,  310 
Mangles  (Rev.  G.),  chaplain  to  Prince  of  Wales  in 

1789,  159 
Mantell  (Dr.  Gideon),  F.R.S.,  Richardson's  bust 

of,  31 

Manton  (Joe),  gunmaker,  489 
Mara  :   see  Maitre 
Marat  (Jean  Paul),  his  residence  in  England,  381, 

403,  422,  441,  462,  482 
'  Margaret's    Tomb,'     engraving     by    Bartolozzi, 

lines  on,  49,  99 

Markham,  Popham  and  Saunders  families,  210 
Marny  (Paul),  landscape  painter,  9,  57,  58 
Marriage  service  :   the  ring  finger,  453,  495 
'  Marrying  Man,'  play  by  Mrs.  Gordon  Smythies, 

169* 
Marshall   (Hamlet),   rector  of  Pad  worth,   Berks, 

1600-7,   230 

Martial  and  Pudens,  410 
Martin  family,  350,  399,  438 

Martinelli  (Vincenzo),  date  of  death  wanted,  309 
Massinger    (Philip)    and    Dekker's    '  The    Virgin 

Martyr,'  61,  83 

Masters  (Mary),  minor-poet,  91,  137 
"  Mata  Hari,"  shot  as  spy,  Oct.  1917,  34,  79 


510 


SUBJECT  INDEX. 


Notes  and   Queries.   July   29,   1922. 


Mathews  (Chrvles),  epigram  on  the  death  of  Queen 

Charlotte  attributed  to,  372 
Maunder  (Samuel),  d.  1849,  94,  199 
May  hew  family,  111 
"  Mayor,"  as  a  woman's  title,  149,  238 
Mayor,  office  of  :    place  of  worship,  131,  215 
Mazogato     (Franz),     waldhorn     and     trompeten 

macher,   390 

Menardus  (Jacobo  d'Zsenaco),  191 
Mendez  (Moses),  minor-poet,  91,  137 
Menken  (Adah  Isaacs),  poetess,  d.   1868,   32,   79, 

97,  115,  133,  196,  457 

Mercer  (Francis),  his  "  silver  seal  of  arms,"   228 
Metternich  (Prince),   letter  on  French  plans  for 

invasion  of  England,  1797,  388 
Meyler  (William),  d.  1821,  190,  234 
Middle  Row  :   see  Holborn 
Middlesex,  Clerk  of  the  Peace,  1693,  271 
Middlesex  Justices,  1745,  305 
Middleton  (Thomaw)  :    see  '  Anything  for  a  Quiet 

Life  ' 

Milburn    (William),    author    of    '  Oriental    Com- 
merce,' 189,  379,  416 

Mile  End  :    the  Vine  Tavern,  L91,  253,  294 
Mile  End  Fair,  305 
Milk,  Butter  and  Cheese  Streets,  258 
Mill  Hill  School :    origin  of  arms  and  motto,  210, 

357 

Mings  (Vice-Adm.  Sir  C.),   13,  35,  117 
Minnes  (Vice-Adm.  Sir  John),  35 
'  Miser  Farebrother,'  authorship  of,  252,  359 
Molanus  (Joannes)  and  the  University  of  Louvain, 

486 
Moles  worth    (James    and    George),    Westminster 

scholars,   39 

"  Moliere  "  :    an  anagram,   10 
Monk  (Mrs.  Mary),  minor-poet,  91,  137 
"  Monkey  trick,"  408,  458 
Montfort  families,  204,  254,  294,  356,  436 
Montfort  family  of  Farleigh,  1 30 
Montresor  (Col.)  of  Belmont,  d.  1799,  170,  214,  277 
Moody  (Captain),  first  skipper  of  the  Cutty  SarJc, 

467 

Moon  folk-lore  :    hair-cutting,  93 
More  (Edward),  1479-1541,  Warden  of  Winchester 

College,  132 

Morin  (Ralf),  witness  to  early  Royal  charter,  242 
Morland  (Sir  Samuel)  and  Cromwell,  281  ;    tablet 

on  pump  at  Hammersmith,  390 
Moseley  family,  31 

Mother  Anthony's  Well,  place-name,  470 
Mothering  Sunday,  249,  292,  334,  396 
Motley  (Richard),  clockmaker,  431,  495 
Mount  Morgan  mine,  408,  474 


Mottoes 


ege 
ill 


Et  virtutem  et  musas  (Mill  Hill  School),  210, 

357 

Heraldic,  110 
Pransuri  vagamur,  322 
Mozeen  (Muzeen)  family,  371,  416 
Mulberry  trees  in  England,  59,  72 
Mules  and  climbing  at  high  altitudes,  456 
Munfort    (Henry    de),     witness    to    early    Royal 

charter,  242 
Murillo,  picture  by,  469 
Murray  (Major  William)  and  the  Northumberland 

Street  affair,  451,  495 
Myers  (F.  W-  H.),  date  of  birth,  329 


N 

"  Napier's  bones  "  =  numbering  rods,   17 

National  Gallery  :  painter  of  '  The  Assumption 
of  the  Virgin,'  181 

Naval  battle  between  English  and  Danish  ships, 
c.  897,  location,  187 

Navy  :   bomb-vessels,  16 

Neale  (William),  d.  1893,  310,  375 

Needham's  Point  cemetery  :    see  Barbados 

Nelson  portrait  by  H.  Eldridge,  48 

Netherlands,  signatures  of  British  officers  serving 
during  16th  and  17th  centuries,  270 

Nevin  family,  131,  178,  316,  358 

'  Newcastle  Apothecary,  A,'  poem  by  George 
Colman,  59 

'  New  English  Dictionary  '  :    dinner  in  1897,  95 

Newman  (Cardinal)  and  Wales,  53 

New  River,  construction  of,  489 

Newspapers  :  twenty- year  subscription,  30  ; 
oldest  halfpenny  evening,  330,  436,  476  ;  pro- 
vincial papers  established  before  1723,  261 

'  Newspapers,  Tercentenary  Handlist  of,'  addi- 
tions, 191,  213,  279 

Nibbs  (Richard  Henry),  marine  painter,  d.  1893, 

9,  57,  58 

Nicholson  (Gen.  John),  109,  158,  173,  290,  337,  377 
Nigger  minstrelsy,  169,  217,  379 
"  No  less  "  and  "  no  fewer,"  use  of  the  expres- 
sions, 452 

Non-juring  clergy,  baptismal  registers,  189 
Norris  and  Eyre  families,  59 
Northern  superstitions  of  to-day,  248 
North  family  of  Walkeringham,  272 
'  Not   So   Bad  as   We   Seem  '  :     Charles   Knight, 

10,  51 

Novels,  three-volume,  329 
Noviomagian  Society,  417 


Oakeley  and  the  murder  of  Edward  II.,  94 
Oaktree  (Hildebrand),  identity  sought,  310 
"  O  et  Olla  "  in  records  of  Ely  Abbey,  491 
Olafsson  (Jon),- his  account  of  plot  against  life  of 

James  I.,  208 

Oldmixon  family,  237,  296,  357 
"  Old  Nick,"  origin  of  name,  288 
"  Old  Richard,"  271 
"  On  stand,"  Yorkshire  land- term,  89 
Order    of    Buffaloes  :      see    Royal    Antediluvian 

Order  of  Buffaloes 
Order  of  St.  Michael  and  St.  George  :    conferred 

pro  tempore  on  C.  in  C.  Mediterranean  squadron, 

208 

Ormiston  and  King  families,  111 
Ornithologists,  story  concerning,  109 
Oxfordshire  Masons  and  St.  Paul's  Cathedral,  89, 

138,  194,  214,  235 


Palavicini  family,  arms  of,  309,  357,  376 

Palindrome  on  a  sundial,  430 

Pallone  :   see  under  Games. 

Papal  mitre,  three  crowns  on,  92,  118. 

Paris:  the  Hotel  Vouillemont,  9,  110;  as  inter- 
national centre  for  female  fashions,  490 

Parliamentary  elections  in  the  seventeenth 
century,  27 

Paslew  (Abbot),  his  place  of  execution,  407,  456 


Notes  and   Queries,   July   29,   1922.         SUBJECT    INDEX. 


511 


Pawnbroker's  sign,  origin  of,  431 

Pearson    (Cornelius),    landscape    artist,    d.    1891, 

9,  57 

Pedigrees  wanted,  32 
Pedwardine  family,  272,  339 
Peel  Yates  family,  310,  379,  417 
Peeters  (Kuner)  and  the  University  of  Lou  vain, 

486 

Pelican  legend,  246 
Pellico   (Silvio),   his   imprisonment   in  the   Sotto 

Piombi,  6 
Penderell  (Richard),  descendants  of,  169,  256,  296, 

357 

Penn  (William),  new  light  on,  306 
"  Penny  dreadfuls  "  :    see  under  Literature. 
Petrograd,  pictures  in  the  Hermitage  of,  114,  175, 

217 

Peyto  (Edward)  of  Chesterton,  384 
Pharaoh  as  surname,  15,  78 
Phillipps  (Sir  Thomas),   1792-1872,  his  collection 

of  MSS.,  189,  230,  295,  358  ;  Devaux  letters,  389 
Phillips  (Archdeacon  Stephen),  b.  1638,  180 
Phillips  (Watts),  dramatist,  novelist  and  artist, 

226,  296 

Pies,  custom  of  tossing  for,  53 
Pigott   (Charles),  author  of  '  The  Jockey  Club,' 

d.  1794,  347 

Pilate's  wife,  Claudia  Procula,  150,  216,  295 
Pillow  (Pilau)  Club,  175 
Pimlico,  origin  of  place-name,  110 
Pindar's  Bagnio,  409,  458 
"  Piscator"  =  Rev.  Bd.  Smith,  270,  335 
Pius  IX.  (Pope),  dates  of  his  election  and  death,  9 

Place-Names  : — 

"  At  "  or  "  in,"  use  with,  170,  234,  358 

Bawwaw,  68 

Blancheapelton,  345 

Bourson,  Yorkshire,  371 

Chinkwell,  93,  157,  236 

Dame  Anthony's  Green,  470 

Dapp's  Hill,  330 

Dear  Clifford's  Seat,  30 

De  Haryngy,  109 

De  Heringeshae,  248,  318 

"  Den,"  Kentish  names  ending  in,  49,  116 

Foley,  Co.  Hereford,  370 

Foregate,  Strand,  330 

Graf  ton,  Oxon,  318 

Highgate,  132,  239 

Julian  Bower,  449 

"  Love  "  in,  130,  473 

Male,  490 

Mother  Anthony's  Well,  470 

Pimlico,  110 

Stroud  Green  =Stanestaple,  188 

Sussex,  pronunciation  or,  30 

Swaythling,  191,  236 

Tokeley  Gully,  432 

Ypres,  172,  451 

Plaistow  (Catherine)  of  Dublin,  her  pedigree,  452 
Planta  (John),  his  spinning-wheel,  189 
Plot    (Dr.     Robert),    his    '  Natural    History    of 

Staffordshire,'  440 
Plugenet  family,  38 
Plunket  (Archbishop),  his  execution,  65 
Pocock  (Dorothy)  of  Bradley  Court  in  Chieveley, 

Berks,  271 

Poe    (Edgar    Allan),    his    '  Berenice,'    230,    298  ; 
literary  allusions  in  works  of,  408 


Poetry,  eighteenth-century,  91,   108,   137,   176 

Police,  London  mounted,  468 

"  Policeman  poet  "  :   see  Conic  ay 

Polish  dissidents,  subscriptions  for,  430,  475 

Polish  exiles  in  Britain,  graves  of,  129 

Pocock  (Nicholas),  artist,  b.  1740,  9,  57,  58 

Poor  law  :   curious  deed  of  obligation,  402,  471 

Popish  Plot  and  the  Lyttleton  family,  349,  394 

Postal  rates,  inequality  of,  29 

Powell  (George  E.  J.),  b.  1842,  53 

Prest  (Thomas  Peskett),  dramatist,  458 

Prime  Minister,  earliest  use  of  title,  117,  155,  377, 

433 
Printing  House-square  :    the  «'  Lamb  and  Lark  " 

tavern,  429 

Prisoners  who  have  survived  hanging,  472 
Prodhome  (William)  of  Warwickshire,  288 

Proverbs  and  Phrases  : — 

Antes  muerto  que  mutado,  450 

Arejiae  funis  effici  non  potest,  309 

A  tailor  is  only  the  ninth  part  of  a  man,  72 

Burnt  his  boats,  79,  115 

Cannot  away  with,  470,  497 

Comparisons  are  odious,  487 

Coventry,  to  send  to,  251 

East  or  West,  hame's  best,  34 

Ex  arena  funiculum  nectis,  309 

Hampshire  hogs,  468,  497 

*  Heads  '  as  the  pieman  says,  53 

House  of  husbandry,  189 

Living  library,  53 

Ne  scit  sanus  quid  sentiat  aeger   aut  plenus 
quid  patiatur  jejunus,  150,  255 

Parlor  within  the  Manor  Place,  168 

Probability  is  the  guide  to  life,  329,  377 

Quasi  Olivero  currente,  272 

Robin  Hood  wind,  378,  411 

Rope  of  sand,  309,  353,  417 

Satan  reproving  sin,  130,  174 

Tell  that  to  the  marines,  72 

That  will  not  be  willingly  let  die,  432 

Tour  d'ivoire,  251,  315 

"  Up  to,"  169 

Walking  dictionary,  53 
Prusom's  Island  =  Hilliard's  Court,  378 
Prussia,  opinions  on  :   references  wanted,  470 
Psalm  Ixxxiii.,  heading  in  the   Common   Prayer 

Book,  8,  52 

Ptolemyas,  surname,  15 
Public  schools,  order  of  importance  and  priority, 

Pudens  and  Martial,  410,  474 

Pugh  (Edward),  miniature-painter  and  landscape 

artist,  9,  58 
Pugh  (Ephraim),  drawing  master  at  the  Liverpool 

Mechanics'  Institution,  58 
'  Punch,'  lines  published  in  1885  wanted,  351 
Punishment   in  the  U.K.  :    broken  at  the  wheel, 

208,  L»r»6 

Society,  l.V> 


'  Quarterly  Review  '  and  Keats's  death,  221 
"  Quis,"  writer  on  sport,  390 

Quotations  :— 

A  heart  at  leisure  from  itself,  10 
All  suffering  flesh  is  Christ,  72 
A  man  may  cry,  "  Church,  church.  &e.,"  410, 
460 


512 


SUBJECT    INDEX.       Notes   and    Queries,    July   29,    1922. 


Quotations  : — 

And  morning  brings  its  daylight  and  its  woe, 

152 
And  they  kept  their  spirits  up  by  pouring 

spirits  down,  50,  100 

Anglica  (or  Rustica)  gens,  &c-,  95,  174      i 
A  river  here,  there  an  ideal  line,  432 
Bambalio,  clangor,  stridor,  taratantara  mur- 
mur, 94,  158 

Behind  our  life  the  weaver  stands,  111 
But  I  have  had  the  day,  47 1 
Cum  tacent,  clamant,  94,  158 
Do  not  hurry    .    .    .   there  can  be  no  sport 

till  I  am  there,  372 
Eat,  goat  and  live    .    .    .    ,72,118 
He  crossed  the  flood    .    .    .    scarcely  to  feel 

the  chill,  10 
He  told  the  story  of  grouse  in  the  gunroom, 

391 

Here  in  my  father's  castle,  34 
His  last  passport  to  Eternity,  72         • 
History    as    it    is    written    .    .    .    conspiracy 

against  the  truth,  152 
Hitch  your  waggon  to  a  star,  432,  498 
I  shall  pass  through  this  world  but  once,  400 
If  only  the  good  were  the  clever,  &c.,  351 
It    chanced,    Eternal    God   that   chance    did 

guide,  210 
Love,    honour,    courage    made    your    record 

clean,  471 
Mon  petit  fils  qui  n'as  encore  rien  vu,  viens 

voir  ce  beau  monde    .    .    .    ,351 
O'er  pale  Britannia  passed,  391,  438 
Once  aboard  the  lugger,  150,  198,  232,  292 
Qui  strepit  in  campo,  489 
Sapiens  dominabitur  astris,  12,  473 
She,  standing  in  the  yellow  morning  sun,  &c., 

438 
Sometimes   her  mouth   with   deep   regret   is 

grave,  I  know,  432 
Sorry  is,  then,  a  part  of  love,  170 
That  the  light  of  a  sun  that  is  coming,  438 
That  there's  on  earth  a  yet  auguster  thing 

.    .    .    than  Parliament  or  King,  191,  239 
The  Crusades  served  to  people  heaven  with 

martyrs,  391 
The  Pope,  that  Pagan  full  of  pride    .    . 

252,  298 
The  smaller  the  house,  the  greater  the  peace, 

273 

The  treasures  of  antiquity  laid  up,  &c.,  391 
Time  with  a  gift  of  tears,  18,  54,  96,  136,  219 
There's  nothing  worth  the  wear  of  winning, 

453,  498 

These  are  not  dead,  their  spirits  never  die,  391 
These  are  the  souls  to  which  High  Valour  gave 

glory  undying,  391 
To  those  whom  the  gods  wish  to  punish,  is 

granted  the  desire  of  their  hearts,  273 
Tout  homme  a  deux  pays,  152,  199 
Unnatural  divorce  betwixt  delight  and  me, 

111 
What     news     bring     you     from     the     Holy 

Countrie?,  391 
What  silences  we  keep  year  after  year,   111. 

158 
When  a  man  has  not  a  good  reason    .    .    . 

letting  it  alone,  410 

When  spring's  voice  is  heard    .    .    .    but  the 
cuckoo  knows,  49 


Quotations  : — • 

Yet  to  the  remnants  of  thy  splendour  past, 

191 
When  I  received  this  volume  small,  &c.,  351 

R 

Rabbits,  their  introduction  into  Australia,  32 
Race  (Daniel),  chief  cashier  of  Bank  of  England, 

190 

Racing  stable  terms,  286 

Radges   (S.),   twenty-year   subscription   to   news- 
paper, 30 

"  Raffaele,"  military  term,  409 
Raikes  family  and  the  '  Gloucester  Journal,'  261, 

283 

Rain  and  fishing,  72 
Ratcliffe,  mutations  of  old,  466 
Ratcliffe  Cross  and  Stairs  memorial,  restoration 

movement,  20 
Ravensteyn  ( Josse)  and  the  University  of  Louvain, 

486 

Rayment  family,  391,  474 
Reader   (William)   and   the   authorship   of   '  The 

Ruins  of  Kenilworth,'   390 
Redfern  (Francis)  of  Uttoxeter,  168 
"  Reeve,"  derivation  of  word,  311 
"  Regent  "=  Leg-rest,  431 
Reid  the  mountebank,  409,  492 
Reiners  (Cornelius)  and  the  University  of  Louvain, 

486 

Reunion  Club,  323 

Reynolds  (G.  W.  Me  Arthur),  b.  1814,  333 
Reynolds  (Richard),  Bishop  of  Bangor,  portrait 

wanted,  273 

Reynolds  family  of  Loughacur,  Co.  Leitrim,  370 
Rhymed  history  of  England,  249,  297,  352,  376, 

397,  414,  458 

Rhyming  history  of  Rome,  430 
"  Richard  (Old),"  271 
Richards  (J.),  church  painted  by,  130 
Richardson  (Edward  M.),  his  bust  of  Dr.  Gideon 

Mantell,  31 
Richmond  Park  :    "  The  King's  Standinge,"  273, 

317 

Ridel  (Stephen),  witness  to  early  royal  charter,  242 
"  Rising  glasses,"  491 
Robertson  (Miss  Janet),  158 
"  Robin  Hood  wind,"  378,  411 
Robins  (Thomas  Sewell),  landscape  and  marine 

artist,  d.  1880,  9,  58 
Roche  Sanadoire,  329,  414 
Rochester  charters  :   "  Waveson,"  451 
Rochford    (Viscountess),    sister-in-law    of    Anne 

Boleyn.  410 
Rollo    (Duke   of   Normandy)   and   the   House   of 

Harcourt,  15 

'  Roman  d'Alexandre,'  French  poem,  55 
Rome,  rhyming  history  of,  430 
Rope  of  sand,  309,  353,  417 
Rose  (H.  Randolph),  artist,  9,  58 
Rose  family  of  Kilravock,  32 
Rothamsted  Library,  presentation  of  early  book 

on  agriculture,  180 

Royal  Antediluvian  Order  of  Buffaloes,  229,  318 
Royal  Arms  of  Edward  III.,  410,  459 
Royal  Charter  of  A.D.  [?|  1189,  241  ;   corrigendum, 

280 

Royal  Society  and  Freemasonry,  42,  175 
Rudge  (Rev.  James),  d.  1852,  56 
Rudge  family,  56 


Notes   and   Queries,   July   29,    1922.          SUBJECT    INDEX. 


513 


"  Running  Horse,"  Piccadilly  :   see  under  Tavern 

signs 

Ruskin  :    Geneva  letter  found,  69 
Russian  words  "  adopted  "  by  troops  serving  in 

Russia,  7 
Ruvigny  (Marquis  de),  his  Plantaganet  Rolls,  48, 

318 


St.  Albans  :   Tudor  fireplace  at,  90 

St.  Anne,  legends  relating  to,  107,  157,  233 

St.  Blaize,  patron  saint  of  woolcpmbers,  65 

St.  Brendan,  incident  in  wanderings  of,  366,  413 

St.  Christopher  and  the  Christ  Child,  77 

St.  Colme,  charm  of,  113 

St.    Dunstan's,    Regent's   Park,   and   Mr.    H.    H. 

Gibbs,  167 

"  St.  Fraunces  fire,"  452,  495 
St.  James's  Palace,  cipher  on,  32 
St.  John  the  Almoner,  31 

St.  Martin's-in-the-Fields  and  Westminster,  268 
St.   Paul's   Cathedral :     Oxfordshire   Masons   and 

the  rebuilding  of,  89,  138,  194.  214,  235 
St.  Paul's  Cross,  sermon  at  in  1577,  249,  295 
St.  Peter  the  Proud  :    see  London 
St.  Thomas's  Hospital :   armorial  bearings,  308 
Salad,  saying  concerning,  389,  436,  473,  494 
Salome,  the  dance  of,  459 
Salt,  superstitions  concerning,  431,  477 
Sander  (Nicolas)  and  the  University  of  Louvain, 

486 

Sansom  (Mrs.),  minor-poet,  91 
Savery  family  bookplates,  131,  219 
Sazan  (Kan),  his  '  Fude  no  Susabi,'  308 
Scarlet  hunting  coat,  129 
Schaub  (Chevalier),  c.  1754,  110,  156 
School  holidays,  56 
Schoolmasters  in  1714  and  1759,  47 
"  Scooter,"  etymology  of  word,  149 
Scot  (Thomas),  mayor  of  Dover,  1690,  209 
Scotch  coffee-houses  and  inns  in  the  eighteenth 

century,  229 

Scott  (Sir  Walter),  reference  wanted,  410 
Scottish  genealogy,  490 
Scriven  (John),  seventeenth-century  Oxfordshire 

plumber  and  glazier,  247 
Sea-serpent  stories,  473 
"  Seize  quartiers,"  wanted,  328 
"  Self -Help  "  :      addendum     to     Smiles's     '  Self- 

Help  '  in  preparation,  168 
"  Senex,"  writer  on  sport,  390 
Serres  (D.),  naval  pictures  by,  93,  138 
Serres  (John  Thomas),  marine  painter,  9,  57,  58 
Settecentescan  dramatic  criticism,   the  romantic 

element  in,  302 

Sewell  (Anna),  author  of  '  Black  Beauty,'  328 
Sewell  (George),  minor-poet,  91 
Sewell  (Mary),  her  poem  '  A  Mother's  Last  Words,'  i 

132,  178 
"  Sexagenarian,"  writer  on  sport=Rev.  Edward 

Austen-Leigh,  390,  437 

Seymour  (Mary)  and  Lady  Bushell,  244,  313,  354 
Shakespeare  :      '  Othello,'     passages    omitted    in 

First  Quarto,    189,   256;    allusions,    224;    and 

the  Pelican  legend,  246 
Shannon  and  Chesapeake  engagement,  465 
Sharp  (John),  d.  1772,  108 
Shaw  (Capt.  Alexander),    his    marriage  to  Mary 

Ann  Williams,  1813,  209 
Shaw  (Angus)  and  the  Jacobite  rising  of  1715,  361 


Shelley   (Mary  Woolstonecraft)   and   Lady  Mary 

King,   10 

"  Ship,"  the  gender  of,  13 
Ships  :    reason  for  launching  stern  foremost,  31, 

76,  112 
Shipton-under-Wychwood,     Oxon :      The    Crown 

Inn,  166 

Shooter's  Hill :   projected  military  cemetery,  330 
Siddons  (Henry),  d.  1815,  his  poems,  168 
Signalling,  strange  method  of,  287 
"  Simnel  cakes,"  249,  292,  335 
Simpson    (Richard),    editor   of    'The    Home   and 

Foreign  Review,  493 
Sims    (James),    naval    schoolmaster    of    H.M.S. 

Bacchante,  d.  1880,  46 
Simson  family,  445 
65th  Regiment,  chaplains  to,  109 
Skene   (Rev.    George),   minister  of  St.    Ninian's, 

Perth,  350 

Skinner  (Capt.),  c.  1764,  290,  356 
Slang,  English  army,  as  used  in  the  Great  War,  7, 

201,  279,  395,  415 
Smiles  (Samuel),  his  '  Self -Help  '  :    addendum  in 

preparation,  168 

Smith  (Rev.  Bd.)  =  "  Piscator,"  270,  335 
Smith  (John  Frederick),  novelist,   229,   276,   333, 

391,  475 
Smith    (John   Spencer),    British   Ambassador    at 

Constantinople,  1799,  his  sons,  370,  493 
Smith  and  Benson  families,  387 
Smokers'  folk-lore,  38,  116 
Smyth  (Edward)  of  the  Middle  Temple  and  the 

Southwark  by-election,  March,  1666,  27 
Smythies  (Mrs.  Gordon),  her  play  '  The  Marrying 

Man,'   169 
Somers  Islands  Company,   341,   362 

Songs  and  Ballads  : — 

Ally  Croaker,  268 

Camptown  Races,  169,  217,  379 

Christmas  Carol,  old,  272 

Commodore  Gale,  490 

King  John  and  the  Abbot  of  Canterbury,  349, 
397,  435 

Minstrel  songs,  169,  217,  379 

The  King,  the  Bishop  and  the  Shepherd,  349, 
397,   435 

Two  Israelite  Merchants,  210 

Viva  Pio,  Papa,  Re,  132 

Yorkshire  Rout,  468 
"  Sorencys."  meaning  of  word,  190,  355 
"  Southam  cyder,"  250,  293,  316 
"  Sowmoys,"  meaning  of  word,  167,  216 
Spanish  architecture  in  Arras,  3 
Spanish  proverb,  "  Antes  muerto  que  mutado," 

450 

Spies  :    "  Mata  Hari  "  :    see  Mata  Hari 
Sport,  nineteenth-century  writers  on,  390,  437 
Sprusen's  Island,  near  Wapping,  288,  336,  378 
Spry  (William)  of  Exeter,  14,  237 
Spry  family,  309,  379 
'  Squibob  Papers,'  154,  219 

Stackhouse  (John),  vicar  of  Boldon,  1718-37,  469 
Standards,  early,  15 

"  Standards,"  legal  use  of  the  word,  337 
"  Standfast  (George),"  identity  sought,  490 
Stanestaple  =  Stroud  Green,  188 
Star  Club,  491 
Starkey  (Oliver),  43 

Stars  and  Stripes,  first  raising  of,  307,  357 
Steam  Packet  Inn,  Lower  Thames  Street,  207,  279 


514 


SUBJECT  INDEX. 


Notes  and   Queries,   July   29,   1922. 


Stee  (Rev.  Joseph  E.),  d.  1847,  330 

Stephens  (Mrs.   Joanna),  her  receipt  for  cure  of 

stone  and  gravel,  8,  73 
Stephenson  (Edward),  Governor  of  Fort  William, 

230,   279 

Stephenson  (Rowland),  M.P.,  Banker  and  Bank- 
rupt,  421,   491 

Stepney  Manor  Lordship,  253,  294 
Stevenson  (R.  L.),  his  '  Virginibus  Puerisque,'  290 
Steynor  (Sir  Richard),  350 
Stokes  (Adrian),  second  husband  of  the  Duchess 

of  Suffolk,  409,  474,  494 

Stone  (Mr.),  architect  of  Chesterton  House,  384 
"  Stone-coat,"  meaning  wanted,  451,  497 
Stone  sign  in  Upper  Thames  Street,  309,  495 
Stow  (John)  and  the  New  River,  489 
Stowe  House  :   sale  of  contents,  1847  and  1921,  69 
Straight  (John),  minor-poet,  108,  176 
Strand  :   "  Foregate,"   330 
Street  noises,   340,   360 
"  Stringhalt,"  writer  on  sport  =  James  Murray, 

390,   437 

Stroud  Green  :    see  Place  Names 
Suffolk:    early  MSS.,   271;    Dowsing's  visitation 

of  destruction,   301 

Suffolk  Street :  "  The  Cock  "  inn,  371 
Sun  Fire  Office  and  Norwich,  286,  338 
"  Sunt  oculos  clari  qui  cernis  sidera  tanquam," 

8,  52 
Superstitions  concerning  salt,  431,  477 

Surnames  : — 

Bretel,  170,  295 

Christian  names,  as,  115,  255,  397 

De  Haryngy,   109 

Hemphill,  409 

Highgate,   132,  239 

Jeary,   390 

Jellyman,   150 

Lackland,   130 

Moir,   372 

Pharaoh,   15,  78 

Ptolemy,   15 

Verbalized,   15 
Sussex  :    pronunciation  of  place-names,   30  ;    old 

records  of,   371 

Swan  (William),  Westminster  Scholar,  390 
Swan  (William),  an  abbre viator   of   papal  letters 

at  the  curia,  390 
Swathling,  (D.  Andrews  de)  book-plate  of,   191. 

236 
Swinburne,  corrections  and  additions  to  his  MSS., 

219 

Swinford  family,  330 
Sylvester  (Josuah)  and  Southampton,  161,  214 


Taine  and  Fielding,  7 

Tapestry  in  Victoria  and  Albert  Museum,  190 

Tapp  family,  British  settlers  in  America,  57 

Tara,  battle  of ,  1798,  385 

Tatham  (John),  dramatist  and  city  poet,  b.  about 

1612,  349 
'  Tatler,  The,'  quotation  in,  94,  158 

Tavern  Signs  : — • 

Bull  and  Mouth,  168,  257 

Crown,  Shipton-under-Wychwood,  Oxon,  166 

D'Anvers  Arms,  409,  458 

Five  Alls,  78,  136 

Hand  and  Pen,  168,  216 


Tavern  Signs  : — 

King's  Head,  Fleet-street,  346,  396 

Lamb  and  Lark,  Printing  House-square,  429 

London  :   see  London — Coffee-houses,  &c. 

Mitre,  Fleet-street,  347,  396 

Running  Horse,  Piccadilly,  49,  96 

Steam  Packet,  207,  279 

Swan,  Chelsea,  96 

Vine,  Mile  End,  191 

Taylor  (Zachary),  president  of  U.S.A.,  94 

Taylor's  Thumb  Bible,  310 

Tempest  (Amelia  Castlereagh),  lady-in-waiting  to 
Queen  Adelaide,  210 

Temple  Fortune,  288 

'  Tercentenary    Handlist    of    Newspapers  '  :     see 


Neicspapers 
Tetbury  Church, 


Glps.,  epitaph  in,  170,  254 
Thames -street :   the  King's  Printing  House,  1653, 

268 

Thirlwall  (Connop)  ana  Christian  Bunsen,  9 
Thomas  (William),  Clerk  to  the  Privy  Council, 

1550,  372 

Thorns  (W.  J.),  his  papers  on  "  longevity,"  180 
Thomson's  '  Scottish  Airs,'  371 
Thomson  (James),   lines   on  memorial  tablet,  in 

Richmond  Park,  252 

Thornborough  (Commander  Edward),  d.  1784,  70 
"  Thou,"  Yorkshire  use  of  word,  408,  456,  476,  496 
Threadneedle -street :   demolition  of  No.  51,  488 
Thumb  Bibles,  310 

Tichborne  family  of  Hartley  Mauditt,  327 
Tiijer  (H.M.S.),  account  of  loss  of  in  1854,  265,  336 
"  Tight  "  and  other  equine  terms,  367,  399,  417 
Title  of  Anno  Quinto  Edwardi  III.,  15 
Tobacco  :   Bragge's  collection  of  books  about,  470 
Todd  (Sweeney),  the  demon  barber  of  Fleet-street, 

330,  378,  415 

Tokeley  Gully  (ship)  as  English  place-name,  432 
Tombe  (Remont  de),  his  arms,  130 
"  Tom  Collins,"  sea  term,  289,  358 
Tonson  (Jacob)  as  spy  on  Prior,  50 
Trapaud    (Gen.    Cyrus),    Sir    Joshua    Reynolds's 

portrait  of,  190,  295 
Trappe    (George),    director    and    curator    of    the 

colonies  in  Tauride,    13 
Troutbeck family,  21,  77,  97,  111,  278 
'  Trusty  Servant,'  portrait  at  Winchester  College, 

401 

Tucker  (Edward),  painter  of  coast  scenes,  9,  58 
Tudor  fireplace  at  St.  Albans,  90 
"  Tuileurs,"  French  masonic  term,  309,  398 
Tupper,  his  poems  on  "  Chinese  "  Gordon,  452 
Turner  ( J.  M.  W.)  and  Haddoii  Hall,  49 
Turner  (John),  minister  of  Preston,  330 
Turner  (William)  of  Marbury,  330 
Turner  family,  17,  49,  330 
'  Twinings  in  the  Strand,'  498 


U 

Ude,  the  cook,  and  Lord  Beaconsfleld,  110 

Union  Jack  :  see  under  Flags 

United  States  of  America  :    first  raising  of  the 

Stars  and  Stripes,  307,  357 
"  Up  to,"  use  of  phrase,  169 


Valoines  (Peter  de),  b.  about  1035,  345 
Valonlis    (Hamon     de),    witness    to    early    royal 
charter,  242 


Notes   and   Queries,   July   29,   1922.       SUBJECT    INDEX. 


515 


Van   Dyck   portraits :     '  Two    Young    Cavaliers' 

and  Jane  Goodwyn,  150,  215 
Van  Goyen  (Jan) /landscape  painter,    1596-1656, 

8,  53 

'  Vanity  Fair,'  caricature  of  Charles  Kingsley,  226 

Vaucauson,  his  inventions,  331 

Venice  :  the  Sotto  Piombi,  or  the  Piombi,  fi 

Verlaine  (Paul),  his  stay  in  England,  14,  237 

Vesalius  (Andreas),  his  mother,  349 

Viles  (Edward),  459 

Villebois,  artist,  55 

Villiers  (Barbara),  portraits  of,  251 

Villiers  family,  329 

Virginia  Company,  341 

Vouillemont  family,  110 

W 

Waddon  :    Mr.  Macdonald's  house  at,  469,  498 
Wad  ham  (B.  B.),  landscape  painter  of  Liverpool, 

9,  58 

Wainwright  (Henry),  his  poem  on  his  murder  of 

Harriet  Lane,  251,  338 
Waite  (Anthony),  Winchester  scholar,  469 
Waldegrave  and  Wentworth  families,  468 
Wales,  maps,  32,  115 
Walker  (John),  subscribers  to  his  '  Sufferings  of 

the  Clergy,'  28,  47 

Walker  family  and  the  Gloucester  Journal,  284 
"  Walking  dictionary,"  origin  of  the  expression,  53 
Ward  ( Art  emus  )  =  Charles  F.  Brown,  54 
Warner's  *  Ecclesiastical  History  of  England,'  47 
Warsaw  :    Latin  inscriptions  over  entrance  of  the 

Lazenki  Palace,  151,  254 
Washington  (Thomas)  of  Cerne  Abbas,  453 
"  Water  measure  "  for  apples  and  pears,  71 
Water  Theatre,  Piccadilly,  331 
Watson  (Sir  Brook),  the  one-legged  Lord  Mayor, 

251,  314,  397,  438 
Weake  family  of  Norfolk,  48 
We hster  arid  Middleton's    play  *  Anything  for  a 

Quiet  Life,'  11,  50 

Wedding-ring  :    change  of  hand,  453,  495 
Wellington  testimonial  clock  tower,  79 
Wentworth  and  Waldegrave  families,  468 
Werre  (John  la),  witness  to  early  royal  charter,  242 
Wesley  (John),  his  first  publication,  9,  115 
Wesley  (Samuel)  the  younger,  91 
Westenhanger  plot,  Eachard's  version,  281 
West  Indies  :    fever  outbreak  in  early  nineteenth 

century,  206 

Westminster  and  St.  Martin's-in-the-Fiolds,  268 
Westminster  Abbey,  Looten  monument  in,  469 
Wharram-le-Street,  the  "  woe  waters"  of,  295,  473 
Whately  (Mary),  her  poems,  108 
Wheeler  family  of  Laverton,  Glos.,  328 
White  (Gilbert)  of  Sell.orne,  portrait,  109,  152 
White  (Ucv.  Henry)  ol'  I-'ylield.  his  diaries,  250 


Whitechapel  as  an  east  London  Norfolk  colony, 

345 

Whitefoord  family,  108,  153,  243,  285 
Wilde   (Oscar),   his   "  Catalogue,"    271  ;     imprint 

on  1907  edition  of  *  Salome,'  329 
"  Wildrath,"  writer  on  sport,  390 
Williams  (Edward  Ellerker),  b.  1793,  180 
Williams  (Rev.  J.  de  Kewer),  59 
Williams   (Rev.   John   Charles)  of  Buckingham- 
shire, 121,  146,  232 
Williams  family  of  Islington,  188,  232 
Will-o'-the-wisps,  cause  of,  72 
"  Willoughby  and  his  Avisa,"  348 
Willys  (Sir  Richard),  traitor,  101,  123,  145 
Wimberley   (William   Clark),   particulars  sought, 

372 
Winchester  College,  entries  in  account  roll  of,  1538- 

1539,  132 

Windsor,  privileges  of  the  Dean  and  Canon  of,  148 
Wine  :   virtues  of  buried,  290,  356  ;   books  dealing 

with,  309,  355 

Winstanley,  his  "  Wonderful  barrel,"  331 
Wollstonecraft  (Mary)  :    see  Shelly  (Mary   \Vull- 

stonecraft) 

Woman  councillor,  proper  title  for,  238 
Woodham  (Wodham)  family,  31 
**  Woodman,"  writer  on  sport,  390 
Woods   (Nicholas),    The  Times   correspondent   in 

Canada,  1860,  369,  412 
Woodville  (R.  Caton),  referred  to  as  "  Villebois," 

55 

Woolfe  (Sir  Richard),  36 
Wordsworth   (Miss   Elizabeth),   lines   from   verse 

quoted,  351 

Wren  (Mr.  Justice)  of  Cumberland,  230 
Wren  (Thomas)  of  Seatoller,  230 
Wright  (John  and  Christopher);  gunpowder  plot 

conspirators,  228,  280,  358 
WTroth  family,  372,  418,  434,  478 
"  Wylot,"  land  measurement  term,  48,  96,  198 
"  Wypers,"  172,  451 


Xavier  (Sister),  '  Just  for  To-day  '  attributed  to. 
94,  159 


Yates  family,  310,  379,  417,  430 

Yatton  church,  Somerset,  arms  in,  210 

York,  episcopal  arms  of,  328,  375,  419 

Yorkshire  folk-lore.  TO 

Yorkshire  land-terms  :    "  onstand,"  "  gairns,"  89 

Ypres,  pronunciation  of  place-name,  172,  451 


Zouch  (Lord),  d.   K5-J5.  his  burial-place,  390,  434 


Notes   and   Queries,   July   29,    1922. 


Notes  and  Queries,  July  29,  1922. 


AUTHORS'      INDEX. 


A.,  on  James  Adair,  94 

A.  (A.B.)  on.  Wellington  testimonial  clock  tower, 
79 

A.  (A.  S.  E.)  on  street  noises,  340 

A.  (F.  J.)  on  song  :   Camptown  Races,  218 

A.  (L.)  on  London  mounted  police,  468 

A.  (B.)  on  author  wanted,  351 

A.  (S.)  on  Chinese  festival  for  departed  relatives, 
429 — Inishglara  (antiseptic  island),  489 

A.-L.(R.A.)  on  eighteenth-century  Etonians,  208 

A.M.I.N.A.  on  launching  of  ships,  112 

Abbatt  (W.)  on  author  wanted,  34 — "  Standfast 
(George),"  490 

Abrahams  (Aleck)  on  automata  :  exhibitions  in 
London,  269,  396 — Caenwood,  30 — Daniel 
(.George),  417 — De  Kemplen's  automaton 
Chess-player,  72,  156 — Dibdin  (Thomas  Frog- 
nal),  461 — Fire-engines,  early,  338 — Fleet-street, 
323 — Fleet-street  taverns,  396 — "  Foregate, 
Strand,"  330 — Knaves  Acre,  Lambeth,  256 — 
London  Bridge,  old,  314 — Lower  Thames- 
street  :  The  Steam  Packet  Hotel,  207 — "  Penny 
Dreadfuls,"  333— Phillipps,  Sir  Thomas,  231— 
Stowe  House  :  sale  of  contents,  1847  and  1921, 
69— Threadneedle-street  (51),  488 

Ackermann  (Alfred  S.  E.)  on  Bears,  72 — Beef, 
effect  of  eating,  310 — Bats,  tailless,  431 
— De  Kemplen's  automaton  chess-player,  1 1 3 — 
Foods,  national,  431 — Frogs  and  snails  as 
purifiers  of  water,  310 — Heredity,  431 — Mul- 
berry trees,T72 — Bain  and  fishing",  72 — Will-o'- 
the-wisps,  72 — Wine,  buried,  290 

Agathoclea  on  Penderell  family,  256 

Aitken  (B.)  on  author  wanted,  132 

Albright  (A.)  on  "  Cap  of  Maintenance,"  258 — 
Meyler  (William),  234— Phillipps,  Sir  Thomas, 
231 

Aldrich  (S.  J.)  on  Bible  :  early  editions  in  Latin, 
427 

Anderson  (A.)  on  General  Clement  Edwards,  131 

Anderson  (G.  A.)  on  De  Kemplen's  automaton 
chess-player,  155 — Knaves  Acre,  Lambeth,  190 
— Penderell  family,  169 — Siddons  (Mrs.)  and 
King's  Lynn,  94 

Anderson  (James  Seton)  on  British  settlers  in 
America,  368 

Anderson  (P.  J-)  on  (Vouch  (II.),  artist,  229 — 
Smith  (.lohn  1'Yederick),  novelist,  SiMt 

Andrews  (Herbert  C.)  on  Groombridge  Place, 
Kent,  490 — St.  Brendan,  incident  in  wanderings 
of,  413 

Angier  (C.  J.  Bruce)  on  Aucher  and  Depedene 
families,  149 — Erghum  of  Erghum,  Yorkshire,  9 


Anscombe  (Alfred)  on  Gnor  Anegon  of  Ancaster, 
445 

Anstey  (L.  M.)  on  Cullen  (William),  437— Gun- 
powder plot  in  1615,  208— Milburn  (William). 
416— Oldmixon  family,  296,  357 — Bhymed 
History  of  England,  352 — Borne,  rhyming  his- 
tory of,  430 — Stephenson  (Edward),  279 — 
Tavern  signs  :,  "  Hand  and  Pen,"  168 — War 
slang,  202 

Apperson  (G.  L.)  on  twenty-four-hour  clock,  106 

Arab  on  Arab  (or  Eastern)  horses,  91 

Ardagh  (J.)  on  Abercrombie  (John),  horticul- 
turist, 313 — Chimney-sweepers'  climbing  boys, 
16 — Coin,  the  adventures  of  a,  493 — Drugging  of 
Darnay  in  '  The  Tale  of  Two  Cities,'  151 — 
"  Dummy  books,"  pseudo-title  for,  197 — Gez- 
reel's  Tower,  199 — Griffith  (Moses),  copper- 
plate engraver,  16 — Holborn  :  demolition  of 
Middle  Bow,  239 — Vine  Tavern,  Mile  End,  191 
—Woods  (Nicholas),  413 

Armstrong  (T.  Percy)  on  Dante's  beard,  56 — 
Emerson  and  Dr.  Johnson,  167 — Fieldingiana,  7 
— French  plans  for  invading  England,  388 — • 
Inscriptions  on  an  icon,  33 — Mothering  Sunda\ . 
396 — Murders  in  Italy,  336 — Petrograd,  pic- 
tures in  the  Hermitage  at,  114,  175 — Place- 
names,  use  of  "  at  "  or  "  in  "  with,  234 — "  St. 
Fraunces  Fire,"  452 

Armstrong  (Bev.  W.  B.)  on  Armstrong  family.  \:\~> 

Artigliere  Maledetto  on  Tichborne  family  of 
Hartley  Mauditt,  327 

Aspinall  (Algernon)  on  Barbados :  Needham's 
Point  Naval  and  Military  cemetery,  23,  393 — 
Sims  (James),  naval  schoolmaster  of  II. M.S. 
Bacchante,  46 

Austin  (Koland)  on  "  Firdor,"  129 — '  Gloucester 
Journal,'  261,  283 — Granger's  '  Biographical 
History."  150 — Lords  of  the  Manor,  privileges 
granted  by,  7 — Parliamentary  election  in  March. 
1666,  27— Pocock  (Nicholas),  artist,  57— Scar- 
let hunting  coat,  129 — 'Tercentenary  Handlist 
of  Newspapers,'  191,  213 


B 


lnnjr 


B.    (B.)   on   author   wanted,    498 — Clocks  : 

and  short  hand,  468 — Waddon,  498 
B.  (C.  C.)  on  author  wanted,  18 
H.  (('.  W.)  on  literary  allusions  in  I>icken*,  74 
B.  (E.  A.  B.)  on  "  House  of  Husbandry,"   189 — 

"  The  Parler  within  the  Manor  Place,"   168 
B.  (E.  W.)  on  author  wanted,  460 
B.  (F.  E.)  on  inscriptions  on  an  icon,  117 


518 


AUTHORS'  INDEX. 


Notes   and   Queries,   July   29,   1922. 


B.  (G.  F.  R.)  on  Auterac  (Joseph),  Westminster 
scholar,  1 10 — Bacon  (Charles,  John  and  William), 
Westminster  scholars,  331 — Baldwin  (George 
Dimsdale),  Westminster  scholar,  331 — Bettes- 
worth  family,  350 — Blackmore  (Sir  Richard), 
1 1 1— Blackwell  (George  Graham),  210— Blair 
(Henry  and  William  Robert),  Westminster 
scholars,  431 — Blake  family,  Westminster 
scholars,  350— Bloxham  (Charles  Henry),  West- 
minster scholar,  131 — Bordieu  (James),  453 — 
Boulger  (John  and  William),  131 — Brade 
(Harper  and  James),  Westminster  scholars, 
431 — Burdett  (Robert),  Westminster  scholar, 
290— Butcher  (James  Gunniss),  Westminster 
scholar,  431 — Colman  (George),  Westminster 
scholar,  230 — Conybeare  (William  Daniel),  230 
—Cotter  (Rev.  George  Sackville),  251— Cotton 
(Adm.  Sir  Charles),  371 — Cotton  (Henry),  Dean 
of  Lismore,  371— Croker  (Rev.  T.  II.),.  391— 
Cullen  (William),  Westminster  scholar,  391 — 
Delaplace  (George  and  William),  Westminster 
scholars,  271 — Denton( Thomas),  470 — Dowding 
(William),  of  Oxford  University,  469 — Drum- 
mond  (Andrew,  Edward,  and  George),  West- 
minster scholars,  469 — Ducasse  (Peter).  West- 
minster scholar,  290 — Eaton  (Nathaniel),  10 — 
Emmett  (John  Filmer),  151 — Eveleigh  (William 
George),  10 — Fitzharding  (William  G.  A.),  169 
— Fowler  (Sir  Hans),  191 — Hales  (James),  32— 
Hardres  (Thoresby),  Westminster  scholar,  32 — 
Harlow  (George  Henry),  artist,  49 — Havenc 
(Benjamin),  191 — Hesilrigge  (Sir  Robert),  49 — 
Holborn:  demolition  of  Middle  Row,  318 — 
Keppel  (John  Christopher  Frederick),  West- 
minster scholar,  72 — Kynaston  (T.  S.  and 
Edward),  Westminster  scholars,  72 — Ligne 
(Daniel  de),  Westminster  scholar,  310- — 
Menardus  (Jacobo  d'  Zsenaco),  191 — "  Pisca- 
tor,"  identity  sought,  270 

B.  (H.)  on  Harcourt  family  of  Birmingham,  409 
B.  (H.  C.)  on  Barnard  of  Worksop,  schoolmaster, 

330 
B.    (J.)    on    "  Penny    dreadfuls,"     274 — S  a  very 

family,  219 

B.  (R.)  on  "  Berwick,"  229 — Chess,  348 — Corsom 
(?  Corson),  author  of  '  Two  Months  in  the  Con- 
federate States,'  79 — Electric  light,  early 
domestic  use  of,  166 — George  III.,  early  life  of, 
230 — Guiccioli's  (The  Countess)  '  Recollections 
of  Lord  Byron,'  297 — "  Mayor  "  as  a  woman's 
title,  238 — Newspapers  :  twenty-year  subscrip- 
tion to,  30— Phillipps  (Sir  Thomas),  295— 
Windsor,  privileges  of  the  Dean  and  Canons  of, 
148 

B.  (R.  S.)  on  Boates  (Henry  Ellis),   297— Chalk 
in  Kent  and  its  owners,  195 — Furnese  (Henry), 
298 — Land  measurement  terms,  198 
Baddeley  (Eraser)  on  "  Ball  and  Mouth,"  168 
Baigent  (R.  C.)  on  "  Journey,"  38 
Bailey  (M.)  on  '  Dear  Ally  Croaker,'  268 
Balfour-Browne  (E.  M.  C.)  on  author  wanted,  252 
Barnard    (Geo.    W.    G.)    on   rhymed    History    of 

England,  397 

Barnard   (H.   C.)   on  cole   or   coale-rents,    113 — 
"  Hay   silver,"    409,    494— Heraldry  :     Yatton 
Church,  Somerset,  210 
Barraud  (F.  Alban)  on  "  Dear  Clifford's  Seat,"  30 

— Sussex,  pronunciation  of  place-names,  30 
Batten  (T.  H.)  on  author  wanted,  432 
Bayley  (A.  R.)  on  "  Comparisons  are  odious,"  487 


Baynes  (Christopher  W.)  on  Heraldic  :   identifica- 
tion of  arms  wanted,  389 
Beal  (Stuart  E.)  on  Palavicini  arms,  376 
Beal  (Winifred  D.)  on  Sir  Brook  Watson,  315 
Beatty,  Jr.  (J.  M.)  on  William  Milburn,  189 
Beavor  (Andrew  B.)  on  Rowland  Stephenson,  491 
Beevor      (Ralph    J.)    on    Brooke    family    arms, 

470 

Bensly  (Edward)  on  «*  Alterum  alterius  auxilio 
eget,"  116 — "Anglica  [or  Rustica]  Gens,"  &c., 
174 — Bonython  (Sir  Langdon),  400— Bretel, 
295 — "  Dyarchy,"  498 — "  Eat,  goat,  and  live 
.  .  .,"  118 — '  Ingoldsby  Legends,'  177 — Kotow, 
refusal  to,  215 — Latin  proverb,  255 — Latin 
saying,  188 — Lazenki  Palace,  Warsaw  :  Latin 
inscriptions,  254 — Lord's  Prayer :  The  fifth 
petition,  12 — Newman  (Cardinal)  and  Wales, 
53 — Phillipps  (Sir  Thomas),  230 — Pilate's  wife, 
216,  295 — Poetry,  eighteenth-century,  138,  176 
— Powell  (George  E.  J.),  53 — "  Probability  is 
the  guide  of  life,"  377— Psalm  Ixxxiii.,  52 — 
Rope  of  Sand,  354 — "  Sapiens  dominabitur 
astris,"  12 — "  Satan  reproving  sin,"  174 — 
"  Stone-coat,"  497 — Sylvester  (Josuah)  and 
Southampton,  214 — '  The  Tatler,'  quotations 
in,  158 — "  Tour  d'lvoire,"  315 — "  Tout  homme 
a  deux  pays,"  199 — Trappe  (George),  13 — 
"Walking  dictionary,"  53  —  Wither  (George) 
quotation.  239 
Beresford  (John)  on  "  Prime  Minister,"  earliest 

use  of  title,  117,  433 
Black   (Gerard)    on   Scotch   coffee-houses   in   the 

18th  century,   229 

Bleackley  (Horace)  on  author  wanted,  50 — Casan- 
ova in  England,  163 — Casanova's  "  Memories," 
a  new  criticism  of,  47 — Cornelys  (Mme.),  208 — 
Harrington  (Lady),  Portrait  of,  227 — Howarth 
(Henry),  228,  354 — Lade  (Sir  John),  327 — 
Martinelli  (Vincenzo),  309— Phillipps  MSS.  : 
Devaux  letters,  389— Pigott  (Charles),  348 — 
— Watson  (Sir  Brook),  314 

Bloom  (J.   Harvey)   on  Bourne   (Sir  John),    477 
— .Elder    in   folk-lore,  408 — Graham  family  of 
Mackinston,  209 — Peyto  of  Chesterton  :   seven- 
teenth-century accounts,  384 
Bone  (H.  Peters)  on  virtues  of  buried  wine,  356 
Bonython  ( J.  Langdon)  on  surnames  as  Christian 

names,  253 
Bowes    (Arthur)    on    De    Kemplen's    automaton 

chess-player,  170 — "  Robin  Hood  Wind,"  378 
Boyce  (Beatrice)  on  Edgar  Allan  Poe,  his  story 

entitled  '  Berenice,'  298 
Boyd  (Capt.  A.  W.)  on  army  slang,  395 
Bradbrook  (E.)  on  some  mid- Victorian  Coteries, 

321 

Bradbrooke  (W.)  on  '  Ingoldsby  Legends,'   99 
Bradbury  (F.)  on  Brindley  and  Bradbury,  131 — 
Norris  and  Eyre  families,  59 — Salt,  superstitions 
concerning,   431 
Bridge  (Joseph  C.)  on  pseudo-titles  for  "  dummy  " 

books,   233 

Briggs  (Edgar  F.)  on  Union  Jack,  495 
Brooks  (E.  St.  J.)  on  Cox  (Sir  Charles),  189— 
Feudal  payments  in  the  Hundred,  488 — Ox- 
fordshire masons,  89,  194 — Oxfordshire  plumber 
and  glazier,  a  seventeenth-century,  247 — 
Shipton-under-Wychwood  :  the  Crown  Inn, 
166 — "  Standards,"  337— Tavern  signs  :  "  The 
Swan  Tavern,"  Chelsea,  96 — Wheeler  family  of 
Laverton,  Glos.,  328— Woods,  '  The  Times  ' 
correspondent  in  Canada,  1860,  369 


Notes  and   Queries,   July  29,   1922. 


AUTHORS'  INDEX. 


519 


Brooks  (H.  C.)  on  "  Willoughby  and  his  Avisa," 
348 

Brown  (William)  on  "  Ambidexter,"  15 — Stand- 
ards, early,  15 — Wesley  (John),  his  first  publica- 
tion, 9 

Brownbill  (J.)  on  Troutbeck  family,  97 

Bull  (James  H.)  on  Bull  of  West  Jersey,  430 

Bull  (William)  on  "  Cap  of  Maintenance,"  151 — 
"  Dummy "  books,  pseudo-titles  for,  173 — 
'  Historia  Oppidi  Hatfieldiensis,'  209 — '  In- 
goldsby  Legends,'  33 — Morland  (Sir  Samuel)  : 
tablet  on  pump  at  Hammersmith,  390 — Wil- 
liams (Rev.  John  Charles),  121,  146 

Bulloch  (J.  M.)  on  Barrie  (Sir  J.  M.),  210— Brass 
ornaments  on  harness,  459 — Catherine,  Duchess 
of  Gordon,  150 — Downman's  '  Lady  Gordon,' 
470 — Gordon  (Col.),  R.E.,  in  the  Crimea,  169 — 
Gordon  (Mrs.),  novelist,  158 — Gordon  (Charles 
D.),  329,  398 — Gordon  ("Chinese  ")  in  sculpture, 
430  ;  Tupper's  poems  on,  452 — Gordon 
(Clarence),  349 — Gordon  (Eduardo  G.),  429— 
Linnaeus  and  the  Mile  End  Nursery,  250 — Mount 
Morgan  Mine,  408 — Smythies  (Mrs.  Gordon), 
her  play  '  The  Marrying  Man,'  169— Tempest 
(Amelia  Castlereagh),  210 — Tupper's  poems  on 
"  Chinese  "  Gordon,  452 

Burdock  on  "  Kangaroo  Cooke,"  94 — Oaktree, 
Hildebrand,  310 — Sport,  nineteenth-century 
writers  on,  390 

Butler  (T.  Blake)  on  Meiler  Magrath,  Archbishop 
of  Cashel,  112 


C.  (A.)  on  Hazlitt  as  a  portrait  painter,  430 — 
Mothering  Sunday,  249 

C.  (A.  B.)  on  Akenside  (Mark),  273— Maddeson 
(George  and  John),  273 

C.  (A.  M.)  on  Chinkwell,  derivation  of,  157 — 
"  H,"  dropping  of  the,  116 — "  Love  "  in  place- 
names,  473 

C.  (B.)  on  Heather  family,  190 

C.  (C.  S.)  on  authors  wanted,  460 — Engineer, 
acting,  375 

C.  (C.  S.)  [B./C.]  on  Heraldic  :  identification  of 
arms  sought,  410 — Waldegrave  and  Wentworth 
families,  468 

C.  (E.  E.)  on  cane-bottomed  chairs,  350 

C.  (F.  H.)  on  Cadley  (Mr.),  piano  maker,  219 — 
"  Mayor  "  as  a  woman's  title,  149 

C.  (G.)  on  author  wanted,  111 

C.  (H.)  on  Edward  More,  Warden  of  Winchester 
College,  132 

C.  (J.)  on  Van  Dyck  portraits,  215 

C.  (J.  M.)  on  John  Crossley,  372 

C.  (M.  B.)  on  authors  wanted,  210 

C.  (M.  I.  M.)  on  automata  exhibitions  in  London, 
331 

C.  (S.)  on  author  wanted,  170 

C.  (S.  C.)  on  Roche  Sanadoire,  329 

C.  (W.  N.)  on  Abercrombie  (John),  horticulturist, 
273 — Adams  (Thomas),  310 — Alcock  (Charles  or 
Christopher),  310— Atkinson  (James),  289— 
Bourson,  place-name,  371 — Capern  (Edward), 
110 — "  Charing  Cross  Magazine,"  371 — Conway 
(James),  110— Fletcher  (Nathaniel),  391— 
Holmes  (Emra),  131— Taylor  (Zachary),  94 

C — N.  (H.)  on  "Prime  Minister,"  155,  377— 
"  Sorencys,"  190 

C.  of  A.  on  Col.  Chester,  his  extracts  from  Parish 
Registers,  52 


Capadose  (A.  E.)  on  author  wanted,  94 

Carter  (William  F.)  on  Harcourt  family,  38 

Castro    ( J.    Paul   de)    on   Banbury :     the    Globe 

Room,   226 — Cheapside,   335 — Fieldingiana,   51 

—Fleet  Street  Taverns,  346 — "  Hand  and  Pen  " 

users  of  the  sign,   216 — London  coffee-houses, 

taverns,  and  inns  in  the  eighteenth  century,  13, 

26,  66,  102,  166,  202  ;    "  The  Running  Horse," 

96  ;      "  Swan,"     Chelsea,     136  ;      "  The     Five 

Alls,"  136  ;   "  Lamb  and  Lark,"  429—"  Monkey 

Trick,"   458 — Pindar's  Bagnio,   458 — Reid  the 

mountebank,    492 — "  Southam  "   cyder,    293 — • 

Stephens  (Mrs.  Joanna),  73 — Tonson  (Jacob)  as 

a  spy  on  Prior,  50 

Cave  (F.  R.)  on  opinions  on  Prussia  :    references 

wanted,  470 

Chambers    (L.    H.)    on    Bedford  :     monumental 
inscriptions   in  churches,   chapels   and   burial- 
grounds,    325,    365,    405,    447,    485 — Edwards 
(Thomas),  16,  158 — Hymn-tunes,  composers  of, 
350 — Oxfordshire  masons  :    Richard  Jennings, 
194,  235— Stee  (Rev.  Joseph  E.),  330 
Chambers    (W.  J.)    on    inscriptions    in   Ashwell- 
thorpe  Church,  Norfolk,  227— Suffolk  MSS.,  271 
Chanter  (H.  Prosser)  on  barrel  organs  in  churches, 
437 — Cats,    tailless,    472 — Newspapers  :    oldest 
halfpenny  evening,  476 — Phillipps  (Sir  Thomas), 
295 — Watson  (Sir  Brook),  397 
Chapman  (R.   W.)  on  Jane  Austen  :    references 

wanted,  450 
Cheetham  (F.  H.)  on  Arras  :  the  so-called  Spanish 

architecture  of,  3 — St.  Blaize,  65 
Chevron  on  Rayment  family,  391 — Union  Jack, 

433 
Chignell  (Rev.  A.  K.)  on  Chinkwell,  157 — Euce- 

phus,  169 

Chope  (R.  Pearse)  on  "  Southam  cyder,"   316 
Clariores  e  Tenebris  on  Cossens,  Hants,  pedigree 
wanted,    230 — Phillipps    (Sir    Thomas),    189 — 
Spey  family,  379 

Claristian  on  "  The  Norman  People,"  229 
Clarke  (Cecil)  on  William  Spry  of  Exeter,  14 
Clavel  (A.)  on  Lord  Byron  and  Corsica,  270 
Clay  (W.  M.)  on  Gen.  Nicholson,  his  birthplace,  173 
Clements  (H.  J.  B.)  on  Andrews  (D.)  de  Sw;>y{]>- 
ling,  book-plate",  236 — Heraldic  :    identification 
of  arms,  438,  474 — Pedwardine  family,  339 — 
Peel    Yates    family,     379 — Seymour    (Mary)  : 
Lady  Bushell,  313 
Cobb  (G.  H.)  on  "  Dutch  Hand-coloured  Prints," 

272 

Cole  (Geo.  Watson)  on  Adah  Isaacs  Menken,  196 
Collier  (C.  V.)  on  the  "  woe- waters  "  of  Wharram- 

le-Street,  295 

Collins  (Rev.  Tom)  on  reference  wanted,  453 
Collison  (Col.  C.  S.)  on  Clopton  family,  288 
Cook  (C.  A.)  on  Lord's  Prayer  :  the  fifth  petition, 

52 
Cook  (Davidson)  on  Thomson's  '  Scottish  Airs,' 

371 

Cope  (E.  E.)  on  arms  and  crest :  Llangollen,  474 
— Boates  (Henry  Ellis),  251,  356— Burdett 
family,  356 — "  Hampshire  hogs,"  468— Harness, 
brass  ornaments  on,  410 — Heraldic  :  identifica- 
tion of  arms,  474 — Heraldic  and  genealogical 
societies  in  America,  272 — Ledbury,  Hereford, 
272— Nicholson  (Gen.),  338 — Pedwardine 
family,  272 

Cope  (G.  Hautenville)  on  sport,  nineteenth- 
century  writers  on,  437 — Zouche  (Lord),  his 
burial-place,  390 


520 


AUTHORS'  INDEX. 


Notes   and    Queries,    July   29,    1922. 


Court  (W.  del)  on  British  officers  in  the  Nether- 
lands, 270 — Cotes  of  Cotes  :  Looten  monument 
in  Westminster  Abbey,  469 

Crooks  (Frederic)  on  Beauchamp  (Sir  John)  of 
Fyfield,  Essex,  99 — Clenton  (Sir  William 
Henry),  493 — Freedom  of  a  City,  257 — Hamp- 
shire folk-lore,  350 — Lackland,  surname,  130, 
272 — Moon  folk-lore  :  hair  cutting,  93 — 
Signalling,  287 — Yates  family,  417 

Cross  Crosslet  on  arms,  unidentified,  236 — Pala- 
vicini  arms,  357 — Van  Dyck  portraits,  150 — 
Wroth  family,  478 

Cruse  (D.  A.)  on  Mary  Sewell,  her  poem,  '  A 
Mother's  Last  Words,'  178 

Curtis  (Henry)  on  Ewen  family  :  Herne,  158 — 
London  coffee-houses  and  taverns,  eighteenth- 
century,  314 — Lyttleton  family  and  the  Popish 
Plot,  394 — Oxfordshire  Masons,  194,  214 — 
Tathom  (John),  349 


D 

D.  (H.  L.  L.)  on  surnames  as  Christian  names,  397 

D.  (T.  F.)  on  author  wanted,  298 — "  Sowmoys," 
216 — Sport,  nineteenth-century  writers  on,  437 

D'Abreu-Albano  (P.  A.)  on  Horace :  reference 
wanted,  273 — Keats  query,  273 

Dale  (T.  C.)  on  Thomas  Washington,  453 

Davies  (W.  R.)  on  Chester  monastery,  470 — 
Tavern  signs  :  "  The  Running  Horse,"  Picca- 
dilly, 49 

Davis  (E.  Jeffries)  on  old  London  Bridge,  374 

Deeley  (R.  M.)  on  Montfort  families,  130,  204 

Deighton  (E.  Lonsdale)  on  war  slang,  7  . 

Denny  (Rev.  H.  L.  L.)  on  Furneux,  Berdewell  and 
Denny  families,  369 — Troutbeck  family,  111 

Dew  (E.  N.)  on  Giraldus  Cambrensis,  272 

Dibdin  (E.  Rimbault)  on  artists  :  biographical 
details,  58 

Dickinson  (H.  W.)  on  John  Planta,  his  spinning- 
wheel,  189 

Dobree  (Edward  H.)  on  Guernsey  :  St.  Michael's, 
197 — Harcourt,  the  House  of,  15 

Dodds  (M.  H.)  on  Blue  Beard  story,  196 — Dickens, 
literary  allusions  in  works  of,  14 — Hope  (Mrs.)  : 
'  Isoult  Barry  of  Wynscote,'  93 — Julian  Bower, 
449— Surnames  as  Christian  names,  115 

Douglas  (S.  K.)  on  '  Punch,'  1805,  351 

Douglas  (W.)  on  "grave  and  gressom,"  312  — 
Italy,  murders  in,  289 

Du  Pare  (S.  H.)  on  moon  folk-lore  :  hair  cutting, 
238 — Pallone,  an  Italian  game,  154 

Durant  (W.  Clark)  on  Gilbert  Imlay  and  Henry 
Lee,  128 

Dyer  (A.  Stephens)  on  Dorothy  Pocock  of  Bradley 
Court  in  Chieveley,  Berks,  271 


E.  on  the  Countess  Guiccioli's  '  Recollections  of 

Lord  Byron,'  229,  436 
E.  (A.)  on  German  books  wanted,  191 
E.    (F.    S.)    on    German   principalities  :     Anhalt- 

Zerbst,  415 

E.  (H.)  on  "  Pimlico,"   110 
E.  (L.  B.)  on  author  wanted,  471 
E.   (R.  R.)  on  "  hard-lying  money,"   408 — "  No 

less  "  and  "  no  fewer,"  452 
Eagle  (R.  L.)  on  Holofernes  Cooke,  251 
Eden  (F.  Sydney)  on  heraldic  query,  451 — Royal 

arms,  459 — "  Stone-coat,"  451 


Edmunds  (Albert  J.)  on  Fiddlers'  Green,  130 
Edridge  (Ray)  on  old  Christmas  carol,  272 
Eliot  (L.)  on  Gen.  Nicholson,  his  birthplace,  338 
Enquirer    on   Armstrong   family,    48— -Calendar  : 

old  and  new  style,  369 

Everitt  (Alfred  T.)  on  Cotton  family  of  Warbleton 
(Warblington),       Hants,      36  —  Dingley       (Sir 
Thomas),  238 — Plugenet  family,  38 
Ewen  (C.  L.)  on  Ewen  :   coat  of  arms,  94 


F.  (G.)  on  Paris  :  the  Hotel  Vouillemont,  9— 
Pius  IX.,  9 

F.  (J.)  on  authors  wanted,  391 

F.  (J.  T.)  on  American  Civil  War,  476— Barrel 
organs  in  churches,  353,  398 — Carlings,  287 — 
Dye,  ancient  British  (corrigenda),  20 — Erghum, 
136,  172 — "  Intue,"  474— -Land  measurement 
terms,  96 — Lord's  Prayer,  the  fifth  petition,  11 
— Mothering  Sunday,  292 — Psalm  Ixxxiii.,  52 
— Rhymed  History  of  England,  458 — "  Ship," 
the  gender  of,  13 — Street  noises,  340 — U.S. 
flag  :  the  Stars  and  Stripes,  357 

F.  (G.  W.)  on  epitaphs  on  sportsmen,  273 — 
Erghum,  257 

F.  (L.  L.)  on  Lambert  family,  318 — Sprusen's 
Island,  288 

F.  (R.)  on  Pudens,  474 

Fairbrother  (E.  H.)  on  Annamaboe,  41 — Chesa- 
peake and  Shannon,  465 — Tara,  battle  of,  385 
— Tiger  (H.M.S.),  account  of  loss  of,  in  Black 
Sea,  1854,  265  —  West  Indies:  outbreak  of 
fever  in  early  19th  century,  206 

Fairfax-Blakeborough  (J.)  on  Arab  (or  Eastern) 
horses,  154,  258 — Barrel  organs  in  churches,  316 
— Brass  ornaments  on  harness,  478 — Charms 
to  be  identified,  70 — Fountain  Abbey  parch- 
ments, 128 — "  Grave,"  312 — ."  Just  for  to-day," 
159 — Land  measurement  terms,  48 — -Muzeen 
family,  416 — Northern  superstitions  of  to-day, 
248 — Poetry,  eighteenth  century,  176 — Racing 
stable  terms,  286 — "  Thou,"  Yorkshire  use  of 
word,  408 — -"  Tight  "  and  other  equine  terms, 
367 — 'Yorkshire  land  terms  :  "  Onstand," 
"  Gairns,"  89 

Fama  on  "  Anglica  (or  Rustica)  gens,"  &c.,  95 — • 
— Birth,  inference  as  to  date  of,  127 — Calendar  : 
old  style,  295 — Cowper  (Judith),  Mrs.  Madon, 
95 — "  Dummy  books,"  pseudo-titles  for,  197 — • 
'  N.E.D.'  dinner,  95 — Pharaoh  as  surname,  78 
—Tavern  signs  :  "  The  Five  Alls,"  78 

Farrow  (R.  S.)  on  Murray  (Major  William),  495 — 
Phillipps  (Sir  Thomas),  358 

Fawcett  ( J.  W.)  on  Rev.  John  Armstrong,  257 

Firebrace  (Capt.  C.  W.)  on  Fiddlers'  Green,  238— 
Nevin  family,  178 

Fitz-Minstrelle  Claristian  on  author  wanted,  10 — • 
Chalk  in  Kent  and  its  owners,  151 

Fletcher  (Rory)  on  salad,  494 — Star  Club,  491 

Fletcher  (W.  G.  D.)  on  Index  Ecclesiasticus,  77 — 
Ruvigny's  Plantagenet  Roll,  48.  —  Stokes 
(Adrian),  494 

Flint  (Thomas)  on  "  Rope  of  Sand,"  417 — • 
"  Tour  d'ivoire,"  251 

Foord  (A.  S.)  on  D'Anvers  Arms  Inn  :  Pindar's 
Bagnio,  409 

Forbes  (John)  on  author  of  quotation  wanted,  10 

Ford  (Worthington  C.)  on  Frances  Erskine  Inglis, 
250 


Notes   and    Queries,    July   29,    1922. 


AUTHORS'  INDEX. 


521 


Forman  (W.  Courthope)  on  ballad  :  "  The  King, 
the  Bishop,  and  the  Shepherd,"  349,  435 — 
Charm  of  St.  Colme,  113— Inns,  naming  of 
public  rooms  in,  178 — '  King  John  and  the 
Abbot  of  Canterbury,'  435—"  Old  Nick,"  288 
— Swaythling  (D.  Andrews  de).  book-plate  of, 
236 — U.S.  Flag  :  the  Stars  and  Stripes,  357— 
White  (Gilbert)  of  Selborne,  109— York,  the 
crossed  keys  at,  376 — Zouche  (Lord),  his  burial, 
434 

Forster  (W.)  on  poem  wanted,  152 

Foster  (D.)  on  Etherege  (Sir  George),  414 — 
Etherege  family  and  the  Virginia  Company,  341, 
362 

Fothergill  (Gerald)  on  apprentices  to  and  from 
overseas,  29,  69,  106,  248,  327,  429 — British 
settlers  in  America,  178,  256,  327 

Fox  (C.  J.)  on  Steam  Packet  Inn,  279 — Watson 
(Sir  Brook),  397 

Franklin  (C.  A.  H.)  on  Blyth  pedigree,  348 — 
Franklin  (Henry),  289 — St.  Thomas's  Hospital 
arms,  308 

Freeman  (J.  J.)  on  army  slang,  415 

Fry  (E.  A.)  on  Plugenet  family,  38 

Fry  (George  S.)  on  Vice-Admiral  Sir  Christopher 
Mings,  35,  117 

Fuller  (J.  F.)  on  Gen.  Nicholson,  his  birthplace, 
290,  377 

Fynmore  (A.  H.  W.)  on  barrel  organs  in  churches, 
254 


G.  (A.)  on  author  wanted,  49 

G.  (D.  L.)  on  the  arms  of  Leeds,  56 

G.  (H.  S.)  on  ornithologists,  109 

G.  (P.  E.)  on  Croft  and  Leedes  families,!  10 

G.  (W.  H.)  on  author  wanted,  132 — Capern  (Ed- 
ward), 175 — Poem  of  the  sixties  wanted,  132 — 
Song  :  '  Viva  Pio,  Papa,  Re,'  132 

Gale  (Fred.  R.)  on  coin,  the  adventures  of  a,  493 — 
Gale  (Commodore)  legendary,  490 — Gale  (John), 
490 

Gamble  (Mrs.  A.  N.)  on  Baron  (Hartgill),  92— 
Henshaw  and  Weake  families,  48 — Johnson 
(Sir  Henry)  of  Poplar,  318 — Kendall  (Henry), 
191— Lee  family,  71— North  family  of  Wal- 
keringham,  272 

Garart  (Roy)  on  St.  John  the  Almoner,  31 — Ships, 
launching  of,  31 

Garbett  (H.  L.  E.)  on  Dr.  Robert  Plot's  '  Natural 
History  of  Staffordshire,'  440 

Gardner  (Eliza)  on  Villiers  family,  329 

Garrett  (Robert  Max)  on  an  illustration  of  the 
Bestiary,  366 

Gawthorp  (Walter  E.)  on  Abyssinian  cross,  56 — 
Arms,  unidentified,  199 — Engraving,  ancient 
method  of,  186 — Fleet  marriages,  355— 
Heraldry  :  unidentified  arms,  199 — Knaves 
Acre,  356 — London  Inns  :  "  The  Cock,"  Bow- 
street,  474 — Royal  Arms,  459 — Stone  sign  in 
Lower  Thames -street,  309  ;  at  corner  of  War- 
wick-lane, 495 

Gibson  (A.  G.)  on  Erghum  of  Erghum,  Yorkshire,  55 

Gilbert  (William)  on  Ewen  :  coat  of  arms,  218 — 
Stone  sign,  Lower  Thames  Street,  395 

Giles  (Haydn  T.)  on  barrel  organs  in  churches,  477 
— Blacket( Henry),  469— Stackhouse  (John),  469 

Gillett  (Charles  R.)  on  sermon  at  St.  Paul's  Cross, 
249 

GillmanTX Arthur  C.)  on  Gillman  (or  Guillam) 
family,  370 


Gillman  (Charles)  on  Mata  Hari,  35 

Gillman  (lanthe  A.  M.  S.)  on  Phillipps  (Sir 
Thomas),  231 — Plaistow  (Catherine)  of  Dublin, 
452 — Trapaud  (Gen.  Cyrus),  Sir  Joshua  Rey- 
nolds' s  portrait  of,  190 

Gladstone  (Hugh  S.)  on  '  Comic  Natural  History,' 
92 — "  Mata  Hari,"  34 — Rabbits  in  Australia,  32 

Glen  (John)  on  Gilbert  White  of  Selborne,  152 

Glencross  (Graham)  on  Mill  Hill  School  :  arms  and 
motto,  210 

Goman  (Geo.  Dinneford)  on  '  The  Trusty  Servant,' 
401 

Gordon-Smith  (R.)  on  Benson  and  Smith  families, 
387 

Govier  (W.  E.)  on  General  Clement  Edwards,  211 

Gower  (Robert)  on  "  Dowle,"  209 — Egg  folk- 
lore :  Good  Friday  and  Christmas,  15 — "  Hop- 
scotch," 15 — Mothering  Sunday,  335 — Royal 
Antediluvian  Order  of  Buffaloes,  229 — "  Sow- 
moys,"  216 

Graham  (Walter)  on  Byron  and  Campbell :  a 
parallel,  45 

Grand  Officer  of  England  (A.)  on  "  Tuileurs," 
a  French  Masonic  term,  309 

Grane  (G.  A.)  on  Pawnbroker's  Sign,  431 

Greene  (Herbert  W.)  on  racing  stable  terms : 
"  Cosh,"  355— Salad,  389— Van  Goyen  (John), 
landscape  painter,  53 

Greenhalgh  (J.  Stobart)  on  Temple  Fortune,  288 

Griffith  (L.)  on  Harcourt  family,  98 

Groth  (C.)  on  Edwards  (General  Clement),  252— 
Jeary,  surname,  390 

Grundy-Newman  (S.  A.)  on  grantee  of  arms 
wanted,  453 — Neale  (William  J.  N.),  375 

Guillemard  (F.  H.  H.)  on  'Tercentenary  Handlist  of 
Newspapers,'  279 — Watson  (Brook),  the  one- 
legged  Lord  Mayor,  437 

Gunn  (Donald)  on  Union  Jack,  432 

Gwatkin  (E.  M.)  on  Gillman  (or  Guillim)  family, 
415 

H 

H.  on  "  Blue  Beard  "  story,  255 — "  IVmiy 
dreadfuls,"  374 

H.  (A.  E.)  on  Arnold  (Matthew),  his  reference  to 
"  the  huge  Mississippi  of  falsehood  called 
history,"  119 — Author  wanted,  111 

H.  (C.  L.)  on  author  of  quotation  wanted,  10 

H.  (E.  B.)  on  war  slang,  202 

H.  (E.  C.)  on  John  Hoppner,  his  grave,  288 

H.  (F.)  on  epigram  on  the  death  of  Qurrn  Cliar- 
lotte,  372 — Herbert  (J.  D.),  3S1 — Rradcr 
(William),  390— Wimberloy  (William  Clark),  HI -2 

H.  (F.  J.)  on  public  schools,  111 — Ships, 
launching  of,  112 

H.  (II.  I'.)  on  wines,  309 

H.   (J.   R.)   on   author   wanted,    252— Epitaph    in 
Tetbury  Church,  Glos.,  254 — Mull»-ny  n 
England,   59— Kirlunon.l    Park  :     "  'Ph.-    Kind's 
Standinge,"  273— Union  Jack,  496 

II.  (N.)  on  "  Dowle,"  474 

H.  (W.)  on  Tudor  fireplace  at  St.  Albans,  90 

II.  (W.  B.)  on  Cadby  pianos,  ir.s  (Vromonial 
vestments  of  the  Judiciary,  11<>  ('ot.-ii' 
Mid-Victorian,  417 — Cotton  (Adm.  Sir  CharloK 
417 — Dominoes,  17 — Mendez  (Moses),  137 — 
Milburn  (William),  379— "  Ropont  "  Irg-ivst, 
431 — Royal  Society  and  Ft., masonry,  175 — 
Shooter's  Hill:  projected  military  cemetery. 
330— Smith  (John  Frederick),  393—"  Tight," 
equine'term,  417 — Van  Dyck  portraits,  215 


522 


AUTHORS'  INDEX. 


Notes   and   Queries,    July   29,    1922. 


H.  (W.  S.  B.)  on  Bible  in  Latin,  495 — Devonshire 

MSS.,   170 — "  Water  measure  "  for  apples  and 

pears,  71 

Hall  (Albert)  on  "  Penny  dreadfuls,"  274 
Hall  (Hamilton)  on  Troutbeck  family,  21 
Hall  (John)  on  Major  William  Murray,  451 
Hanham  (H.  B.)  on  Armageddon  Chapel,  Clifton, 

109 

Harbord  (C.  D.)  on  Wiliam  Harbord,  94 
Harcourt-Bath  (William)  on  Harcourt  family,  37, 

78 

Hargrave  (E.)  on  rhymed  history  of  England,  397 
Harker  (Frederick)  on  John  Emery,  his  songs,  468 
Harrison  (H.  G.)  on  Avery  Aid  worth,  197 
Hastie  (A.  H.)  on  Mary  Feymour  :    Lady  Bushell, 

313 

Hawley  (F.  A.)  on  Austrian  hunting-horn,  390 
Haythorne    (W.)    on    Furnesse    (Henry),     251 — 

Knight  (Charles),  performer  in  '  Not  So  Bad  as 

We  Seem,'    10 

Henderson  (E.)  on  author  wanted,   72 
Heron- Allen     (Edward)      on     pseudo-titles      fcr 

"  dummy  books,"   129 
Hill  (Leonard)  on  Baron  Grant,  137 
Hill  (N.  W.)  on  bombers  in  Charles  II's  Navy,  16 

— Gordon  (Clarence),  "  vieux  moxistache,"   494 

— Menken  (Adah  Isaacs),  457 
Hilson  (O.)  on  Capon  tree  in  Jed  water,  450 
Hobson    (Bernard)    on    "  Doodle"    370 — Holder- 
ness,  derivation  of  name,  370 
Hogg  (Capt.  P.  Fitzgerald)  on  Chinkwell,  deriva- 

ton  of,  93 — Irish  volunteers,  early,  109 
Holland  (O.)  on  Hemphill,  surname,  409 — Yates 

families,  430 
Holme  (B.  H.)  on  *A  Newcastle  Apothecary,'  59 

—Cap  of  Maintenance,  195,  276 
Holt- White  (Bashleigh)  on  Gilbert  White  of  Sel- 

borne,   152 
Hookham  (George)  on  ;  'Othello,'  passages  omitted 

in  First  Quarto,  189 
Hope  (B.  C.)  on  wedding-ring  :    change  of  hand, 

453 
Hopewell-Smith  (A.)  on  proverb  :    origin  wanted, 

34 

Hopkins  (Mrs.  Margaret)  on  "  Self -Help,"   168 
Hopps  (H.)  on  Byerley,  453 

Home  (Ethelbert)  on  "  dummy  books,"  pseudo- 
titles  for,  216 — *'  Thou,"  Yorkshire  use  of  word, 

476 

Ho  well  (George  Foster)  on  Anna  Sewell,  328 
Hudson  (A.  E.)  on  Hudson  family,  391 
Hudson  (C.  M.)  on  Mozeen  (Muzeen)  family,  371 
Hughes     (T.     Cann)     on     artists :      biographical 

details  sought,  9 

Hulburd  (Percy)  on  chalk  in  Kent  and  its  owners, 
255— Gervase  de  Cornhill,  51 — Hubert  de  Bie 

and    Fulbert    of    Dover,    388,   475  —  Kentish 

place-names,  final  "den"  in,    116 — Montresor 

(Col.)  of  Belmont,  170,  277 — Boche  Sanadoire, 
414 — Seymour    (Mary),  Lady    Bushell,    354— 

Wroth  family,  418 
Hutchings  (C.  E.)  on  "  bespoke  bootmaking,"  331 

— "  Bur-walnut,"  338 

Hutchison  (W.  A.)  on  "  Hungary  "  water,  476 — 
"  Time  with  a  gift  of  tears,"  96 — Verlaine  at 
Stickney,  237— Wilde's  (Oscar)  '  Salome,'  329 


Ina  Cristal  on  Bretel,  170 

Ingleby  (Holcombe)  on  King's  Lynn  ;    the  '  Bed 
Book,'  344 


J.   (W.  H.)  on  "  Bluebeard  "  :    origin  and  early 

references,  68 
Jaggard  (Capt.  W.)  on  "  Champagne,"  116— Cole- 

or  coale-rents,  113 — Hume  (Tobias),  song-book 

by,  76 — Ships,  launching  of,  76 
James  (M.  B.)  on  Judge  Jeffreys  and  Shakespeare, 

286 

Jaquette  (William  A.)  on  Edgar  Allan  Poe,  230 
Jay   (Frank)    on   Neale    (William    J.    N.),    310 — • 

"Penny  dreadfuls,"   210,  332,  374,  418,  459 — • 

Phillips  (Watts),  296— Smith  (John  Frederick), 

276 — Todd  (Sweeney),  330 
Judson  (A.  C.)  on  Bobert  Herrick,  his  grave,  426 

K 

K.  (L.  L.)  on  "  Boss  of  Billingsgate,"  452— 
'  Compleat  Collier,  The,'  170 — De  Kemplen's 
automaton  chess-player,  113— Derbyshire  lead- 
raining,  old  law  of,  468 — Equilinear  squares, 
475 — Fords,  temporary  :  "  sand,"  234 — "  Hun- 
gary "  water,  476— Place-names,  use  of. "at" 
or  "  in  "  with,  23^ — Polish  dissidents,  subscrip- 
tion for,  475 — Stephens  (Mrs.  Joanna),  8 

Kealy  (A.  G.)  on  Boates  (Henry  Ellis),  316 — 
Cambridge  (Earl  of),  491 — Flag,  identification 
of,  278 — Inglis  (Frances),  wife  of  Calderon  de 
la  Barca,  339 — London  clockmakers,  495 — 
Order  of  St.  Michael  and  St.  George,  208 — 
Palavicini  arms,  309 

Kemp-Welch  (W.)  on  Van  Dyck  portraits,  215 

Knowles  (John  A.)  on  "  Cap  of  maintenance,"  275, 
379 — Freedom  of  a  city,  97 — Glass-painters  of 
York  :  chronological  list,  184,  222 ;  the 
Hodgson  family,  44  ;  John  de  Burgh,  88 — 
«  La  Santa  Parentela,'  296 

Knowles  (Lees)  on  salad,  436 


L.  (B.  S.)  on  Nicolas  Hilliard,  168 

L.  (F.)  on  author  wanted,  432 

L.  (G.)  on  authors  of  quotations  wanted,   191 — • 

Grant  (Baron),   31 — Bhymed  History  of  Eng- 
land, 297 

L.  (B.)  on  "  Drought,"  468 
L.  (W.  A.)  on  Hampshire  folk-lore,  398 
L.  (W.  N.)  on  Stephenson  (Edward),  230 — Wren 

(Thomas  and  Mr.  Justice),  230 
L.  (W.  P.  C.)  on  Wroth  family,  372 
Labor  ipse  Voluptas  on  "  Probability  is  the  guide 

of  life,"  377 
Lafleur  (Paul  T.)  on  coin,  the  adventures  of  a, 

452 — Literary  parallels  and  coincidences.  449 
Lambarde  (F.)  on  '  La  Santa  Parentela,'  107,  233 

— Papal  triple  crown,  92 
Lambert  (Frank)  on  Bredon  Hill,  473 
Lambert  (Uvedale)  on  author  wanted,  351 
Lecky  (John)  on  '  Tom  Collins,'  289 
Leffmann  (Henry)  on  Dickens's  literary  allusions, 

437 
Lehmuth  (Miss  Marie  C.  F.)   on  Tobias  Hume, 

song-book  by,  31 

Leith  (Alicia  Amy)  on  Nicholas  Hilliard,  229 
Leveson  Gower  (Arthur  F.  G.)  on  author  wanted, 

111 — Beauchamp  :  Moseley  :  Woodham  (Wod- 

ham)    families,    31 — Montfort    families,    254 — 

Penderell  family,  296 
Lewin   (Evans)   on   "  Gregor "    of   the   Mosquito 

Coast,  233 


Notes   and    Queries,   July  29,  1922. 


AUTHORS'  INDEX. 


523 


Lewis  (Alfred  Sydney)  on  Penderell  (Richard), 
descendants  of,  256 — White  (Gilbert)  of  Sel- 
borne,  152 

Lewis  (Penry)  on  '  Castle  Daly  '  and  Galway,  47 
— Edwards   (Lieut.-Col.    Clement   Martin),    338! 
— "  H,"    dropping   the:     Cingalese,    338— Mill! 
Hill  School,  arms  of,  357 
Lewis  (R.)  on  thumb  Bibles,   310 
Lezze  on  palindrome  on  a  sundial,  430 
Lindsay  (Charles  L.)  on  Nicholas  Hilliard,  432 
Lister  (B.  J.)  on  rhymed  History  of  England,  376 
Loder    (Gerald)    on    Brighton :      Antheum,     76  ; 

the  "  Chalybeate,"  295 
liegeman  (H.)  on  street  noises,  360 
Lorena  (M.  E.)  on  Accra  :    James  Fort,  245 
Lucas  (J.  Landfear)  on  Cheapside,  width  of,  290 
— Final  "  den  "   in   Kentish  place-names,  49 — 
French  coinage  and  the  Birmingham  mint,  490 
— Paris  as  centre    for   female   fashions,   490 — 
Tapestry  in  Victoria  and  Albert  Museum,  190 — 
Tokeley  Gully,  432 
Lumb  (G.  D.)  on  Erghum  family,  99 — Leeds,  the 

arms  of,  156 

Lupton  (E.  Basil)  on  author  wanted,  471 — Por- 
traits of  Coleridge  and  Dickens,  148 — Watson 
(Brook),  the  one-legged  Lord  Mayor,  438 


M 

M.  on  Capern  (Edward),  175 — Devonshire  MSS., 
236 — Herrick  (Robert),  his  grave,  487 — House 
bells,  174 — Kendall  (Williams),  177— Maunder 
(Samuel),  94 

M.  (A.  T)  on  birth,  inference  as  to  date  of,  173 — 
Boates  (H.  E.),  297—"  Intue,"  474 — Poor  Law 
documents,  472— Whitefoord  (Col.  .Charles), 
153,243,285 

M.  (E.)  on  Battersea  enamel  works,  70 

M.  (P.  M.)  on  Montresor  (Col.)  of  Belmont,  214 — 
Smokers'  folk-lore,  38 

M.  (G.  M.)  on  D.  Serres,  his  naval  pictures,  93 

M.  (H.  C.  H.)  on  hymn-tune  composers,  394 

M.  (H.  M.  C.)  on  author  wanted,  298 

M.  (J.)  on  flag,  identification  sought,  70 

M.  ( J.  G.)  on  Morland  (Sir  Samuel)  and  Cromwell, 
281— Willys  (Sir  Richard),  101,  123,  145 

M.  ( J.  H.)  on  Adah  Isaacs  Menken's  '  Infelicia,'  97 

M.  (J.  S.)  on  Senator  Roy  Barbosa,  371 

M.  (R.)  on  author  wanted,  252 

M.  (W.  J.)  on  Sprusen's  Island,  336 

M.A.,  Oxon.,  on  Vesalius,  349 

Mabbott  (T.  O.)  on  Blake  in  America,  128 — De 
Kempelen's  automaton  chess-player,  255— 
Poe  (Edgar  Allan),  literary  allusions  in  works, 
408 — Ruskin  :  Geneva  letter  found,  69 

Me.  on  "  Coffee-houses,"  East  London,  107,  238— 
Cutty  Sark  and  Capt.  Moody,  467— Dodd  (Rev. 
William),  481 — Hackney  Mermaid  and  the  Old 
Freemasons,  388 — London  :  the  social  eigh- 
teenth century,  207 — Middlesex  Justices,  1745, 
305 — Ratcliffe,  466 — Ratcliffe  Cross  and  Stairs 
Memorial,  20— Smith  (John  Frederick),  391— 
Vine  Tavern,  Mile  End  :  Stepney  Manor 
Lordship,  253,  294 

Me.  (R.)  on  mules  on  mountains,  456 

McGovern  (J.  B.)  on  "  Cannot  away  with,"  470 — 
"  Intue,"  410 — Paslew  (Abbot),  his  place  of 
execution,  407 — "  Up  to,"  use  of  phrase,  169 

MacSweeney  (Joseph)  on  Shakespeare  and  the 
Pelican  legend,  246 

Me  William  (Bruce)  on  Charles  Alcock,  357 


Madge  (S.  J.)  on  De  Haryngy,  109 — De  Heringe- 
shae,     248 — Herebertus    de    Middlesex,    209 — 
Highgate,  132 — King's  Printing  House,  Thames 
Street,  1653,  268 — Stroud  Green,  188 
Magrath  (John  R.)    on  capon    tree  in  Jedwater, 
493 — Dalstons  of  Acornbank,  95 — "  Qui  strepit 
in  campo,"  489 — Rhymed  History  of  England, 
352—"  Time  with  a  gift  of  tears,"   130 — York, 
the  Crossed  Keys  at,  376 
Mann  (A.  H.)  on  Dr.  Crotch,  470 
Maples  (A.  K.)  on  Bishop  Reynolds,  273 
Markland   (Russell)   on   Abbot   (Richard),    190— 
De  Kemplen's  automaton  chess-player,    171 — • 
Meyler     (William),     190 — Poetry,     eighteenth- 
century,  176 — Redfern  (Francis),  168 — Siddons 
(Henry),  168 

Marston  (G.  M.)  on  barrel  organs  in  churches,  254 
Marten  (A.  E.)  on  Martin  family,  350 
Mason  (Stuart)  on  Oscar  Wilde,  270 
Matthews  (R.)  on  Swinford  family,  330 
Mayall  (Arthur)  on  Louis  de  Male,  490 
Maycock    (Willoughby)    on    Arab    (or    Eastern) 
horses,   138,  198 — Byron  (Lord)  and  Corsica  in 
1821,     312— Grant    (Baron),     115 — Greenwood 
(James),  219 — "  Kangaroo  Cooke,"   156 — Men- 
ken  (Adah),    115 — Nigger  minstrelsy:     W.    E. 
Gladstone  and  the  '  Camptown  Races,'   217 — 
Quotation  :    "  So  he  kept  his  spirits  up,"  100 — 
Woods  (Nicholas),  The  Times  correspondent  in 
Canada,  412 

Maze  (R.  Hart)  on  General  John  Nicholson,  109 
Mazingarbc  on  regimental  chaplains,  H.M.   65th 

Regiment,  109  ;    H.M.  84th  Regiment,  129 
Mercer  (H.  C.)  on  nigger  minstrelsy,  379 
Merry  weather  (George)  on  American  humorists  : 

Capt.  G.  H.  Derby,  159 

Mew  (Egan)  on  Stephen  Theodore  Janssen,  210 
Mills  (Barton  R.  V.)  on  De  Kemplen's  automaton 
chess  -  player,     155  —  Latin    proverb  :     origin 
sought,  150 

Milsted  (G.  H.)  on  wines,  355 
Minakata  (Kumagusu)  on  the  bear,  the  horse  and 

the  aubergine,  308 

Moor  (A.  G.  Gordon)  on  Moir  surname,  372 
Moore  (J.  H.)  on  Adah  Isaacs  Menken,  196 
Moore  (Milner)  on  song  wanted,  210 
Morgan  (Forrest)  on  Menken  (Adah  Isaacs),  133, 

458— Wypers,  451 

Moring  (Alex.)  on  Gentlemen  of  the  Poultry,  36 
Mundy  (P.  D.)  on  Henry  William  Herbert,  L20 
Murray-  (John)  on  "  Bull  and  Mouth,"  257 
Myddelton  (Thos.  C.)  on  calendar  :    old  and  new 

style,  432 

Myddelton  (W.  M.)  on  John  Stow  and  the  New 
River,  489 

N 

N.  (B.  B.)  on  Bredon  Hill,  390 

••  N.  O.  Sellam  "  on  author  want.-ti.  TJ 

Nevin  (J.  D.)  on  NYvin  family,  131,  316 

Newton  (E.  E.)  on  "  Hand  and  Pen  "  sign,  293 — 

•  Tuiniii-s  in  the  Strand,'  498 

Noble  (W.  M.)  on  newspapers  :    oldest  halfpenny 

evening,  436 
Norman  (Philip)  on  '  Assumption  of  the  Virgin,' 

181 


O.  (M.  N.)  on  Dapp's  Hill,  330— Epitaph  in  Tet- 
bury  Church,  Glos.,  170—"  Labbut,  The,"  330 
O.  (V.  L.)  on  Adrian  Stokes,  474 


524 


AUTHORS'  INDEX. 


Notes   and   Queries,   July   29,    1922. 


Oakeley  (Maj.  E.  F.)  on  Mayhew  family,   111 — 

Oakeley  and  the  murder  of  Edward  II.,  94 
O'C.  (A.)  on  portrait  on  wood  panel,  150 
O'Hara  (Valentine  J.)  on  "  H."  :    Celtic,  Latin 
and  German  influences,  32 — Inscriptions  on  an 
icon,     117 — Lazenki    Palace,    Warsaw,     151 — 
Literary  finds,  487 — Place-names,  use  of  "  at  " 
or  "  in  "  with,  235 

Oldfield  ( Josiah)  on  beef  :   effect  on  one's  wit,  355 
Oliver  (V.  L.)  on  apprentices  to  and  from  over- 
seas, 472 — Serres,  naval  pictures  by,  138 
Owen  (R.  D.)  on  Connop  Thirlwall  and  Christian 
Bunsen,  9 


P.  (A.  E.)  on  Simon  Harcourt,  Clerk  of  the  Peace* 
Middlesex,  1693,  271 

P.  (B.  E.)  on  B.  Busick  of  Epsom,  251 

P.  (C.  J.)  on  "  Champagne,"  spellings  of,  71 — 
"  Hungary  water,"  409 

P.  (D.)  on  Col.  Richard  Elton,  451 

P.  (F.)  on  "  Cannot  away  with,"  497 

P.  (M.  A.)  on  "  Abyssinian  cross,"  9 — Fanlights, 
white  horse  ornament  in,  229 

P.  (M.  E.  A.)  on  hatchments,  15 — Lamplugh 
(Edward),  76 

P.  (M.  W.)  on  author  wanted,  351 

P.  (S.  H.  D.)  on  American  Civil  War,  431 — 
Languages  of  Eastern  Europe,  431 

Paget  (R.  A.  S.)  on  rhymed  history  of  England, 
249,  352 

Paine  (Mrs.  F.  L.)  on  Holborn  :    Middle  Row,  94 

Parfitt  (R.  H.)  on  '  Charing  Cross  Magazine,'  398 

Payen-Payne  (De  V.)  on  Ducasse,  355 — Menken's 
(Adah  Isaacs)  '  Infelicia,'  79 

Pearsall  (Robert)  on  "  Cap  of  Maintenance,"  195 
— Union  Jack,  391 

Pearson  (Howard  S.)  on  brass  ornaments  on  har- 
ness, 459 

Peet  (H.  W.)  on  William  Penn,  306 

Pengelly  (R.  S.)  on  "  Gregor  "  of  the  Mosquito 
Coast,  233 — King  (Lady  Mary  Elizabeth),  10— 
"  Once  aboard  the  lugger,"  232 — Sprusen's 
Island,  378 — Todd  (Sweeney),  378 — Williams 
of  Islington  :  tombstones  of  St.  Mary's,  232 

Penny  (Frank)  on  "  tight "  and  other  equine 
terms,  399 

Pepsy  on  Erigena  quoted  by  Matthew  Arnold,  252 

Phipson  (Sidney  L.)  on  Jean  Paul  Marat  in 
England,  381,  403,  422,  441,  463,  482 

Piehler  (A.  A.)  on  Roche  Sanadoire,  414 

Pierpoint  (Robert)  on  cumulative  stories,  148,  208 
— "  Flat  candle,"  467 — German  principalities  : 
Anhalt-Zerbst,  473 — "  Hungary  water,"  476 — 
Knighthood  fees,  225 — Knights  of  the  Hano- 
verian Order,  36 — Menken's  (Adah  Isaacs) 
'  Infelicia,'  79 — Pallone,  an  Italian  game,  65, 
278 — "  Sunt  oculos  clari  qui  cernis  sidera 
tanquam,"  8 — '  The  Tatler,'  quotations  in,  94 
— "  Thou,"  456 — Venice  :  the  Sotto  Piombi, 
or  the  Piombi,  6 — Woolfe  (Sir  Richard),  36 

Pigot  (C.  Becher)  on  barrel  organs  in  churches 
477 

Piper  (A.  Cecil)  on  Richmond  Park :  "  The 
King's  Standinge,"  317 

Pitman  (H.  A.)  on  acting  engineers,  329 

Pollard  (H.  T.)  on  descendants  of  Richard 
Penderell,  357 

Pollock  (William  P.  H.)  on  Capt.  S.  B.  Haines,  393 

Powell  (Lawrence  F.)  on  "  Jacob  Larwood,"  380 


Power  (William  R.)  on  smokers'  folk-lore,  116 
Price  (C.)  on  Sir  Henry  Johnson  of  Poplar,  249 
Price   (Leonard   C.)    on   arms   and   crest  :     Llan- 
gollen,   410  ; — -King  family  book-plates,   49  ;— 
Slavery  family  book-plates,   131  ; — Swaythling 
(D.  Andrews  de),  191  ; — .Welsh  map  sought,  32  ; 
— Wright  (John  and  Christopher),  358 
Pridham  (E.  A.)  on  William  Prodhome,  288 
Puaux  (Rene)  on  Spencer  Smith,   370 


Quarrell  (W.  H.)  on  Brewers'  Company,  114;  — 
London  Inns  :  "  The  Cock,"  Suffolk  Street, 
371  ; — St.  Christopher  and  the  Christ  Child,  77  ; 
-— Skene  (Rev.  George),  350 

Quigley  (H.)  on  Settecentescan  dramatic  criticism, 
302 


R.  on  barrel  organs  in  churches,  209 

R.  (A.)  on  Stevenson's  '  Virginibus  Puerisque,'  290 

R.  (C.  N.)  on  "  Once  aboard  the  lugger,"  150.  292 

R.  (E.)  on  author  wanted,  72  ; — Brothers  of  the 
same  Christian  name,  258  ; — "  Cap  of  Main- 
tenance," 195; — '  Delmi tat ione  Christ!  '  :  echoes 
of  Virgil,  94; — •'  Ingoldsby  Legends,'  178; — 
London  clockmakers,  478 

R.  (G.)  on  Andre\ves  (Thomas),  410  ; — Carlings, 
353  ; — -Rochford  (Viscountess),  410  ; — Stokes 
(Adrian),  409 

R.  (S.)  on  Daniel  Race,  190 

R.  (V).  on  Edward  Fitzgerald,  29  ;— '  Pickwick 
Papers  '  :  Martin,  428  ; — "  Time  with  a  gift  of 
tears,"  96 

R.  (X.  T.)  on  American  humorists  :  Capt.  G.  H. 
Derby,  219 

Raven  on  "  at"  or  "  in,"  use  of  with  place-names, 
170 

Reade  (Hubert)  on  Mary  Seymour  :  Lady  Bushell, 
244 

Reid  (William)  on  Reynolds  family,  370 

Robbins  (Alfred)  on  Commonwealth  registers, 
141  ;— «'  Gill  ale,"  489  ;— Grant  (Baron),  75  ;— 
1 'Grave"  and  "  gressom,"  246; — -Keats' s  death 
and  '  The  Quarterly  Review,'  221  ; — -Knights 
of  the  Hanoverian  Order,  75  ; — Literature,  early 
Victorian,  475  ; — -Songs  :  "  Camptown  Races," 
218;— Stephenson  (Rowland),  421  ;— Wain- 
wright's  poem  on  his  murder  of  Harriet  Lane, 
338 

Roberts  (W.)  on  "  Penny  dreadfuls,"  273  ;— 
Phillips  (Watts),  226  ;— Stephenson  (Rowland), 
492  ; — -Trapand  (Gen.  Cyrus),  Sir  Joshua  Rey- 
nolds's  portrait  of,  295 

Rockingham  on  Milk,  Butter  and  Cheese  Streets, 
258  ; — Salome,  the  dance  of,  459  ;— Verbalized 
surnames,  15 

Rodmell  on  Fleet  :    marriage  registers,   271 

Roe  (F.  Gordon)  on  Williams'  family  of  Islington, 
188 

Roe  (Herbert  C.)  on  Byron  query,  288 

Rogers  (Harold  S.)  on  Abyssinian  Cross,  79 

Rollins  (Hyder  E.)  on  Shakespeare  allusions,  224 

Rose  (H.  A.)  on  brothers  of  the  same  Christian 
name,  59 

Row  (Prescott)  on  Kinsley  (Charles)  :  '  Vanity 
Fair'  caricature,  226;  — Waddon,  469 

Russell  (C.  F.)  on  Joshua  Sylvester  and  Southamp- 
ton, 161 


Notes   and   Queries,   July   29,   192; 


AUTHORS'  INDEX. 


525 


Russell  (Constance)  on  Bashe  (Sir  Richard  and 
Sir  Edward),  1 49;— Harcourt,  the  House  of,  16; — 
Heraldic  mottoes,  156; — 'Scot  (Thomas),  Mayor 
of  Dover,  1690,  209 

Rye  (Walter)  on  London  Bridge  (old),  245,  374  ;— 
Whitechapel  as  an  East  London  Norfolk 
colony,  345 

S 

S.  on  Addison's  'Spectator,'  168; — "Burnt  his 
boats,"  115;— "  Mata  Hari,"  34 

S.  (A.  H.)  on  George  Colby  Loftus,  398 

S.  (C.)  on  Cap  of  maintenance,  231 

S.  (C.  E.)  on  "  Artemus  Ward,"  54 

S.  (C.  H.')  on  Spry  family,  309 

S.  (E.  T.  P.)  on  Phillipps  (Sir  Thomas).  295  ;— 
Thornborough  (Commander  Edward),  70 

S.  (F.  A.)  on  refusal  to  kotow,  168 

S.  (H.)  on   Clinton  (Sir  William   Henry),  350; 
Turner  (J.  M.  W.)  and  Haddon  Hall,  49 

S.  (H.  C.)  on  Barbara  Villiers,  251 

S.  (H.  K.  St.  J.)  on  authors  wanted,  438  ;• — 
"  Sapiens  dominabitur  astris,"  473 ;— Sea- 
serpent  stories,  473  ; — •"  Time  with  a  gift  of 
tears,"  54  ; — •"  To  burn  one's  boats,"  79  ; — 
Union  Jack,  433 ; — Wharram-le-Street,  the 
woe  waters  at,  473 

S.  (H.  M.)  on  author  wanted,  273 

S.  (K.)  on  Psalm  Ixxxiii.,  52 

S.  (M.  T.  H.)  on  Disiaeli  queries,  8 

S-.  (T.  H.)  on  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  .Tames  L,  372 

S.  (W.)  on  Addison's  '  Spectator,'  235 

S.  (W.  B.)  on  Cadby  (Mr.),  piano  maker,  219  ; — 
Swinburne,  correction  and  additions  to  his 
work,  219 

St.  Swithin  on  cat  comfort,  429 — Dante's  beard, 
115 — Harrison  (Miss  Ann),  328 — '  Ingoldsby 
Legends,'  99 — Leeds,  the  arms  of,  115— Postal 
rates,  inequality  of,  29— Salad,  436— -School 
holidays,  56 — Smokers'  folk-lore,  39 — "  Thou," 
use  of  word,  496 — York,  the  Crossed  Keys  at, 
329,  419 

Salmon  (David)  on  author  wanted,  498 — Hartlib 
(Samuel),  157 

Sanborn  (M.  Ray)  on  British  settlers  in  America, 
198 — Mercer  portraits  and  seal,  228 

Savage  (Richard)  on  Henrietta  Knight,  137 

Sayer  (C.  L.)  on  author  wanted,  298 

Scattergood  (Bernard  P.)  on  London  commercial 
schools  in  the  eighteenth  century,  451 — Pillow 
(Pilau)  Club,  175 

Schnacke  (Mahlon  K.)  on  "  Seize  quartiers  " 
wanted,  328 

Scott  (A.)  on  Matthew  Arnold,  reference  sought,  34 
— "  Moliere  "  :  an  anagram,  10 

Scott  (Mrs.  Muriel  H.)  on  Villebois,  painter,  55 

Self -Weeks  (Wm.)  on  calendar,  395 — "  Cannot 
away  with,"  497 — Esquire  and  essayist,  395 — 
"Grave"  and  "  gressom,"  311 — "Hampshire 
hogs,"  497 — "  Hay  silver,"  454 — Mothering 
Sunday,  334 — Poor  law  :  "  a  curious  deed  of 
obligation,"  471 — "  Robin  Hood  wind,"  411 — 
Rope  of  sand,  353 — "  Thou,"  Yorkshire  use  of 
the  word,  496 

Seton-Anderson  (James)  on  artists  :  biographical 
details,  58 — British  settlers  in  America,  114 — 
Dickson  (Thomas),  230 — "  Gressom,"  312 — 
Grimald  (Nicholas),  56 — Hudson  pedigree,  438 
— King  and  Ormiston  families,  111 — Loftus 
family,  356 — Maltby  family,  310 — Mangles 
(Rev.  G.),  159— Martin  (Gregory),  438— 


Maunder  (Samuel),  199 — Menzies  (Alexander) 
of  Culter  Allers,  230— Oldrnixon  family,  237— 
Poetry,  eighteenth-century,  137 — Rudge  family, 
56— Simson  family,  445— Skinner  (Capt.),  356 
— Spry  (William),  237 — Steynor  (Sir  Richard), 
350 — Turner  family,  17,  49,  330 

Sharp  (Isaac)  on  Browning  quotation,  119 

Shaw  (Norman)  on  Jacobites  transported  to 
Virginia,  361 — Pedigrees  wanted,  32 — Williams  : 
Shaw,  209 

Sheringham  (H.  T.)  on  Hartlib  (Samuel),  157 — 
"Piscator,"  335 

Slacke  (F.  A.)  on  Lance  Calkin,  290 

Smith  (D.  E.)  on  the    one-legged  Lord  Mayor,  251 

Smith  (G.  C.  Moore)  on  author  wanted,  438 — 
"  Schaub,  Chevalier,"  156 

Smith  (H.  Maynard)  on  author  wanted,  339 — 
British  settlers  in  America,  413 — Evelyn 
queries,  90 

Smith  (J.  Anderson)  on  "  Burr-walnut,"  191 

Smith  (J.  de  Berniere)  on  heraldic  mottoes,  157 — 
Mount  Morgan,  474 — Psalm  LXXXIII.,  52 

Soulby  (T.  H.)  on  heraldic  mottoes,  110— Pilate's 
wife,  150 — Pudens,  410 

Southam  (H.)  on  fire-engines,  early,  287 — Jelly  - 
man  family,  150 — Mayor,  office  of  :  place  of 
worship,  216 — Nigger  minstrelsy,  169 — "  Old 
Richard,"  271— Penderell  family,  296— Royal 
Antediluvian  Order  of  Buffaloes,  318 — "Sout- 
ham cyder,"  250 — Stars  and  stripes,  307 — 
Wine,  virtues  of  buried,  356 

Sparke  (Archibald)  on  Addison's  '  Spectator,' 
235 — Artists  :  biographical  details,  58 — Atkin- 
son (James),  337— Bredon  Hill,  473—'  British 
and  Foreign  Review,'  493 — '  British  Melodies,' 
115 — "  Burr-walnut,"  238 — Calkin  (Lance),  379 
— Cane-bottomed  chairs,  398 — Cats,  tailless, 
472 — Disraeli  queries,  55 — "  Dummy  "  books, 
pseudo-titles  for,  174 — Freedom  of  a  city,  55 — 
Gordon  (Col.),  R.E.,  in  the  Crimea,  219 — Hart 
(Mrs.  F.),  39— Holt's  (Mrs.)  '  Isoult  Barry  of 
Wynscote,'  139 — "  Hungary"  water,  476 — • 
Ledbury,  Hereford,  337 — Literature,  early 
Victorian  333 — Martin  (Gregory),  399 — Moon 
folk-lore  :  hair  cutting,  238 — Mothering  Sun- 
day, 292 — Newspaper,  oldest  halfpenny,  330 — 
Plunket  (Blessed  Oliver),  55 — Rhymed  history 
of  England,  297 — "  St.  Fraunces  fire,"  495 — 
— Superstitions  concerning  salt,  477 — "  Tom 
Collins,"  358 — "  Tuileurs,"  398  —  Wedding- 
ring  :  change  of  hand,  495 — Wesley  (John),  his 
first  publication,  115 — Wines,  355 

Spaul  (J.  R.)  on  naval  action,  c.  897,  between 
English  and  Danish  ships,  187 

Spokes  (Sidney)  on  "  '  Heads  '  as  the  pieman 
says,"  53 — Man  tell  (Dr.  Gideon),  31 

Stemma  on  Dalstons  of  Acornbank,  49 

Stephens  (Geoffrey)  on  three-volume  novels,  329 

Stephens-Dyer  (A.)  on  Katharine  Buckeridge  of 

Ipsden,  Oxon,  250 
Stewart-Brown  (R.)  on  Troutbeck  family,  77,  278 
Stone  (Christopher)  on  "  British  Melodies,"  48— 
Loftus  family,  289— Nelson,  portrait  of,  by  H. 
Eldridge,  48 

Strachan  (L.  R.  M.)  on  "  Berquet  "  and  "  ber- 
covet,"  355 — Cane-bottomed  chairs,  398 — 
Cheese  Saint  and  cheese  sacrifices,  237 — "  Hay 
silver,"  454 — "  Intue,"  474 — Mothering  Sun- 
day, 334— Myers  (F.  W.  H.),  329—'  Othello,' 
256 — "  Sorencys,"  355 


526 


AUTHORS'  INDEX. 


Notes   and   Queries,   July   29,   1922. 


Stratton  (F.  J.  M.)  on  army  slang  :  "  sweating  on 
leave,"  279 

Stuart  (E.  A.  G.)  on  Evelyn  query  :  picture  by 
Murillo,  469 — Petrograd,  pictures  in  the 
Hermitage  at,  217 — Prisoners  who  h%ve  sur- 
vived hanging,  472 

Student  on  Anglo-Saxon  riddle, '  The  Cuckoo,'  109 

Surrey  on  punishment  in  the  U.K.  :  broken  on  the 
wheel,  256 

Swanzy  (H.  B.)  on  Cotter  (Rev.  George  Sackville), 
296 — Lambert  family,  182,  232 — Nevin  family, 
358 

Swynnerton  (Charles)  on  ball  games,  early,  7  — 
"  Blue  Beard,"  113 — Curious  deed  of  obligation, 
402 — Inscription  on  Irishman's  tomb  in  Afghani- 
stan, 347 — Montfort  families,  356 — Paslew 
(Abbot),  456 — Royal  charter  hitherto  appar- 
ently unpublished  241— Westminster  and  St. 
Martin's-in-the-Fields  268 

Sykes  (H.  Dugdale)  on  '  Anything  for  a  Quiet 
Life '  50  —  Massinger  and  Dekker's  '  The 
Virgin  Martyr,'  61,  83 


T.  on  Ruvigny's  Plantagenet  rolls,  318 

T.  (A.)  on  author  wanted,  152 

T.  (A.  D.)  on  Commonwealth  marriages  and 
burials,  175 — Equilinear  squares,  428 — Land 
measurement  terms,  156 

T.  (D.  K.)  on  "  Southam  cyder,"  294 — Wines, 
355 

T.  (E.  G.)  on  Highgate,  239 — "  Love  "  in  place- 
names,  130 

T.  (E.  J.)  on  author  wanted,  210 

T.  (H.  E.)  on  author  wanted,  410 

T.  (S.)  on  reference  wanted,  152 

T.  (W.)  on  clockmakers,  431 

T.  (W.  P.)  on  office  of  mayor  :  place  of  worship, 
131 

Tapley-Soper  (H.)  on  Harrington  (Lady),  portrait 
of,  31 8— Kendall  (William),  177 

Tapp  (Arthur)  on  British  settlers  in  America,  57 — 
—White  (Rev.  Henry),  his  Diaries,  250 

Taylor  (E.  G.  R.)  on  William  Bragge's  collection 
of  books  about  tobacco,  470 

Temple  (R.  C.)  on  "  H.,"  dropping  the  :  origin  of 
"  India,"  172 — War  slang,  201 

Ternant  (Andrew  de)  on  Biaba  (Elisabet  D.  C. 
Dyciss),  portrait,  256— Deledda  (Grazia),  495 
— German  Principalities,  eighteenth  century, 
415— Ligne  (Daniel  de),  358 — "  Mata  Hari,"  79 
— St.  Dunstan's,  Regent's  Park,  167 — Smith 
(John  Frederick),  333 — Todd  (Sweeney),  415 — 
Verlaine  (Paul)  in  England,  14 — Victorian 
literature,  early,  372,  458 

Thomas  (R.  E.)  on  heraldic  mottoes,  156— Ray- 
ment  family :  coat  of  arms,  474 — Williams 
Rev.  J.  de  Kewer),  59 

Thornton  (Richard  H.)  on  booksellers,  provincial, 
A.D.  1714,  28 — "Monkey  trick,"  408— "  O  et 
Olla,"  491 — Schoolmasters  in  1714  and  1759,  47 
— Spanish  proverb,  "  Antes  muerto  que 
mutado,"  450 — "  Stone-coat,"  451 

Thrift  (Gertrude)  on  Mr.  Guinness,  bandmaster  on 
board  the  General  Kid,  491 

Tombs  (T.  C.)  on  Oxfordshire  masons,  138 — St. 
Michael's,  Guernsey,  130 

Turner  (W.  B.  Barwell)  on  the'arms'of  Leeds,  72 

Tyrrell  (T.  W.)  on  Dickens,  Alexander  portrait  of, 
198 — '  Not  so  bad  as  we  seem,'  51 


U 

U.  (J.  S.)  on  Chippendale  (Thomas),  1 — Kimme- 
ridge  coal  money,  135 — Needham's  Point 
Cemetery,  Barbados,  351 


V.     (Q.)     on    "  Earthland,"     148 — Esquire     and 
essayist,  349 — Fords,  temporary  :   "  Sand,"  167 
— Lovell   (Thomas),    150 — Rochester   charters  : 
"  Waveson,"  451 — "  Sowmoys,"  167 
Vale  of  Aylesbury  on  Cole  or  coale  rents,  70 
Vidler  (Leopold  A.)  on  old  records  of  Sussex,  371 

W 

W.  (A.  J.)  on  Hymns  :  "  Just  for  To-day,"  298 
—Pharaoh  as  surname,  15 

W.  (E.)  on  Harrel  (Sir  David),  410— Manton  (Joe), 
489 

W.  (G.)  on  Index  Ecclesiasticus,  9 

W.  (G.  F.)  on  Paris  :  the  Hotel  Vouillemont,  1 10 

W.  (G.  H.)  on  Henry  VIII.  and  the  execution  of 
AnneBoleyn,  317 

W.  (G.  N.)  on  Byron  and  the  Royal  Society,  498 

W.  (G.  W.)  on  John  and  Christopher  Wright,  228 

W.  (J.)  on  "  Berquet  "  or  "  bercovet,"  317 — 
"  Coqet,"  318 — De  Heringeshal,  318 

W.  (L.  M.)  on  Wroth  family,  434 

W.  (M.  H.  C.)  on  Mill  Hill  School,  arms  of,  357— 
Royal  arms,  410 

W.  (N.  R.)  on  author  wanted,  34 

W.  (W.  A.)  on  "  Mother  Anthony,"  470 

W.  (W.  E.)  on  author  wanted,  432 

W.  (W.  T.)  on  "  Rising  glasses,"  491 

Wainewright  (John  B.)  on  artists  :  biographical 
details,  57 — "At"  or  "in,"  use  with  place- 
names,  358 — Author  wanted,  119 — Author  of 
phrase  wanted,  432— Barnard  (Andrew  and  Sir 
Frederick  Augustus),  71 — Bourne  (Sir  John), 
367,  435 — Brighton  :  the  Athenaeum  or  Oriental 
Garden,  32 — Byron  and  the  Royal  Society,  430 
— Capon  tree  in  Jedwater,  493 — Clyburne 
(William),  266 — "  Coventry,  To  send  to,"  251 
— Dingley  (Sir  Thomas),  98 — -"  Dyarchy,"  467 
— Freedom  of  a  city,  1 1 8 — Fullolove,  surname, 
55 — Guildford  (Lady),  109 — '  Home  and  Foreign 
Review,'  493 — Johnson  (Robert),  228— Kendall 
(John),  166 — King  John  and  the  Abbot  of 
Canterbury.  397 — Langdale  (Lord),  case  before  : 
death  presu  med,  489 — London  coffee-houses 
and  taverns,  eighteenth- century,  314 — Lord's 
Prayer  :  the  fifth  petition,  12 — "  Mayor  "  as  a 
woman's  title,  238 — Moon  folk-lore :  hair- 
cutting,  238—"  Once  aboard  the  lugger,"  198 
— Papal  triple  crown,  118 — Pilate's  wife,  216, 
217— Powell  (G.  E.  J.),  53 — "  Probability  is  the 
guide  of  life,"  329 — Quotation  wanted,  372 — 
Reid  the  Mountebank,  409— Rope  of  sand,  309, 
417— St.  Anne,  legends  relating  to,  157 — 
St.  Peter  the  Proud,  London,  55 — Sander 
(Nicolas)  and  the  University  of  Louvain,  486 — 
School  holidays,  56 — "  Scooter,"  149— Scott 
(Sir  Walter),  reference  wanted,  410 — Serres, 
naval  pictures  by,  139 — Smith  (Spencer),  493 
— Starkey  (Oliver),  43— Swan  (William),  390 
— "  Thou,"  456 — '  To-day  and  other  Poems,' 
1 1 9 — ' '  .Tour  d'  Ivoire,' '  3 1 6 — Translators 
wanted,  50 — Union  Jack,  433 — Van  Goyen 
(Jan),  landscape  painter,  53— Waite  (Anthony), 
469 


Notes   and   Queries,   July   29,   1922. 


AUTHORS'  INDEX. 


527 


Walker  (Benjamin)  on  Farjeon's  (B.  L.)  '  Miser 
Farebrothor,'  359 — Rhymed  history  of  England, 
414 

Wallace  (G.  W.)  on  cipher  on  St.  James's  Palace, 
32 

Wallis-Tayler  (A.  W.)  on  Graf  ton,  Oxon,  318— 
McWhea  family,  290 

Walsh  (Stevenson  H.)  on  J.  Richards,  130 

Walter  (Stephen)  on  wines,  355 

Warren  (J.  J.)  on  proverbs  and  phrases,  72 

Waters  (Arthur  W.)  on  copper-plates  engraved 
by  J.  Harris,  169 

Watkin  (Hugh  R.)  on  Chinkwell,  236—"  Coget," 
230 — Land  measurement  terms,  236 — Tiger 
(H.M.S.),  loss  of,  336 

Watson  (W.  G.  W.)  on  '  A  Newcastle  Apothecary,' 
59 — Barrel  organs  in  churches,  316 

Webb  (N.  A.)  on  Bawwaw,  place-name,  68 

Webb  (WTilfred  Mark)  on  Gilbert  White  of  Sel- 
borne,  152 

Webster  (D.  R.)  on  Evelyn  queries,  138 

Wells  (Charles)  on  Coleridge,  Allston  portrait  of 
198 

Wherry  (George)  on  superstitions  concerning  salt, 
477 

Whitaker  (C.  W.)  on  Satan  reproving  sin,  130 

White  (Frederick  C.)  on  Beaconsfield  (Lord)  and 
Ude,  the  cook,  110 — Wainwright's  poem  on  his 
murder  of  Harriet  Lane,  251 

White  (G.  H.)  on  Brighton  :  the  "  Chalybeate," 
209 — Harcourt  (Philip  de),  Bishop  of  Bayeux, 
126 — Harcourt  family,  77 — Hubert  de  Rie  and 
Fulbert  of  Dover,  436 — Mings  (Vice-Admiral 
Sir  Christopher),  13 — Montfort  families,  294, 
436 

Whitefoord  (P.  G.)  on  Sir  Charles  Whitefoord,  108 

Whitfield  (A.  Stanton)  on  Elizabeth  Cleghorn 
Gaskell,  309 

Whitmore  (J.  B.)  on  Colman  (George),  258 — 
Furnese  (Henry),  298 — Harenc  (Benjamin),  258 
—Heather  family,  258 — Howarth  (Henry),  258 
— Lamplugh  (Edward),  39 — Magrath  (Meiler), 
Archbishop  of  Cashel,  59 — Moles  worth  family, 
39 

Whittenbury-Kaye  (Ronald  D.)  on  Caxton  adver- 
tisement, 469 — Scottish  genealogy,  490 

Wienholt  (E.  C.)  on  Peel  Yates  family,  310— 
Skinner  (Capt.),  290 

Wilberforce-Bell  (H.)  on  arms,  unidentified,  130 
— Haines  (Capt.  Stafford),  349 — Psalm  LXXXIII., 
8 — Mata  Hari,  34 — Vangoyen,  Dutch  painter,  8 


Williams  (Aneurin)  on  '  British  and  Foreign 
Review,'  453 — '  Church  of  England  Magazine,' 
469  —  Gilar,  Denbighshire,  115  —  Huguenot 
Bible,  110 — Jones  (John),  372 — Menken's  (Adah 
Isaacs)  '  Infelicia,'  32 — "  Raffaele,"  409 — • 
Thomas  (William),  Clerk  to  the  Privy  Council, 
372 

Williams  (C.  Bridgewater)  on  author  wanted,  49 
Williams  (lolo  A.)  on  '  Margaret's  Tomb,'   99 — 

Poetry,  eighteenth-century,  91,  108 
Williams  (J.  T.)  on  author  wanted,  453 
Willis    (A.    C.)    on    "  Gregor "    of   the   Mosquito 

Coast,  190 
Wilson  (David  F.  R.)  on  General  John  Nicholson, 

158 

Wilson  (Fleetwood)  on  bears,  113 
Wilson  (H.  F.)  on  non-juring  clergy  :    baptismal 

registers,  189 

Wilson  (W.  E.)  on  author  wanted,  159 
Winn  (Arthur  T.)  on  Commonwealth  marriages 
and  burials  in  the  Aldeburgh  Register  Book,  81, 
104,  124,  142 — Dowsing  (William),  his  visitation 
of  destruction  in  Suffolk,  301 
Wood,  (R.  Somerville)  on  author  wanted,  351 
Woollard  (Clifford  C.)  on  estates,  value  in   1653 

and  present  day,  170 

Woolmer  (Alfred  J.)  on  Sir  Brook  Watson,  314 
Wright   (Dudley)    on   Royal   Society   and   Free- 
masonry, 42 

Wright  (R.  Murray)  on  "  Bomenteek,"  494 
Wulcko    (Laurance     M.)    on   Allinghani     family, 
390— Amore   family,    371 — German   Principali- 
ties, 371 — Hagen  family,  410 — Hartlib(Samu.-l). 
110 — Polish   dissidents,    430 — Polish   exiles    in 
Britain,  graves  of ,  129 — Schaub  (Chevalier),  110 
Wyndham  (M.)  on  Lyttelton  family  and  the  Polish 
plot,  349 


Y.  (O.)  on  Grazia  Deledda,  453 
Y.  (Y.)  on  Bernasconi,  189 

Yorke  (Ph.)  on  '  Allostree's  Almanack,'  1680,  70 
Younger  (G.  W.)  on  Holborn  :    Middle  Row,  239 
— Song  :   '  Camptown  Races,'  218 


Zair  (Alfred  D.)  on  Harcourt  family  of  Birming- 
ham, 476 


Notes  and   Queries,   July  29,   1922. 


Printed  and  Published  by  THE  TIMES  PUBLISHING  COMPANY,  Limited,  Printing  House-square,  London,  E.C.4. 


AG  vbes   and  queries 

305  Ser.12,  v.10 

N7 

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v.10 


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