NOTES AND QUERIES:
1
A
intnr*Cmnmuttftattott
FOB
LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
When found, make a note of." — CAPTAIN CUTTLB.
SECOND SERIES.— VOLUME SECOND.
JULY — DECEMBER, 1856.
LONDON:
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2«<* S. N« 27., JULY 5. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
LONDON, SATURDAY, JULY 5, 1856.
OUR NEW VOLUME.
Although altogether unwilling to occupy with the
expression of our own feelings the space which WE would
more gladly see filled by the communications of our
Friends, WE cannot resist availing ourselves of the op-
portunity afforded us by the commencement of a Volume
to express our gratification at tlie approval which has at-
tended the step of beginning A NEW SERIES, and the no
less general satisfaction with which the INDEX TO THE
FIRST SERIES has been received. WE are glad, too, of
the opportunity which it presents to us of thanking the
numerous Friends and Contributors to " NOTES AND
QUERIES," for their continued and valuable assistance.
SUFFRAGAN BISHOPS.
At the present time, when suffragan bishops
are so urgently required to assist the overtasked
bishops of England, the following li.st, taken from
my complete, but unpublished "Book of the
British Hierarchy," may prove interesting. Well
would it he if bishops in bad health, or incapable
of efficiently administering their dioceses from
their magnitude, were supplied with coadjutors.
Churches eminently adapted for being episcopal
sees are in every diocese : Westminster for Lon*
don, Southwell for Lincoln, St. Germains for
Cornwall, Bath for Bath and Wells, Bristol for
Gloucester and Bristol, St. Alban's for Rochester,
Beverley for York, Middleham for Ripon, Co-
ventry for Lichfield, Bury for Norwich, St.
Neot's for Ely ; while it would be easy to suggest
Romsey, Dorchester, Wrexham, Shoreham, Bre-
con, Shrewsbury, &c., for the remaining sees.
By 28 Henry VIII. c. 14. the following suffra-
gan sejs were proposed to be erected : Cambridge,
Hull, Berwick, St. Germains, Thetford, Ipswich,
Grantham, Huntingdon. Southampton, GuiMford,
Leicester, Nottingham, Shrewsbury, Penrith, Mol-
ton, Bridgwater, Isle of Wight, Colchester, Lei-
cester. The following five were suffragan sees
for a time : Taunton, Shaftesbury, Marlborough,
Dover, and Bedford. Gloucester, Bristol, Ox-
ford, Peterborough, and Chester, were perma-
nently erected. Westminster was a bishopric,
1540-50.
In the xxxvth Canon of 1603, suffragans are
named as ministering Holy Orders. And in King
Charles II.'s Declaration from Breda, he stated
his intention to found suffragans in every diocese.
Formerly suffrngans were consecrated" to serve
in the absence of the diocesans on embassies, at
court, or attendance on civil affairs. Sometimes
they had no titles : they consecrated and recon-
ciled churches, administered orders and confirma-
tion. It appears from Strype, that in the Primate's
Hall, they occupied an inferior place at table.
An Act of Parliament was passed for consecrating
coadjutors in Ireland, 1812, 52 Geo. III. c. 62.
Gamaliel, Bishop of Sodor and Man, 1160. (Lin-
coln.)
Siward, Archbishop of Upsula. (Canterbury.)
Ralph, consecrated to Orkney by the Archbishop
and Bishops of Worcester and Lichfield. (York.)
Ralph Howell, Bishop of Orkney. (York.)
John, Bishop of Whitherne. (York.)
Robert Gobson. (York.)
Henrv of London, Archbishop of Dublin. (Lich-
field.)
Thomas, Bishop of Down, 1213— 1237. (Ely.)
Walter de Blakeley, Bishop of Ossory, 1232—1244.
(Lincoln.)
William Egmund, on Augustinian; Bishop of Pis-
sinensis. (Lincoln.)
John. (Canterbury.)
Brendan, Bishop of Ardfert, 1237—1242. (Lich-
field.)
John de Cheam, Bishop of Glasgow. (Bath and
Wells.)
Reginald, Bishop of Cloyne, 1265—1274. (Lin-
coln.)
Peter, Archbishop of Lyons. (Lincoln.)
Gilbert, Bishop of Aghadoe. (Worcester.)
John, Bishop of Connor. (Canterbury.)
Roland, Bishop of Angers. (Canterbury.)
Stephen Segrave, Archbishop of Armagh. (Lich-
field.)
Robert le Petit, Chancellor of Exeter. (Exeter.)
Peter, Bishop of Corbona, Hungary: died Jan. 19,
1332 ; buried in the Franciscan Priory, London.
(London.)
Benedict, Augustine of Norwich, Archbishop of
Smyrna. (Norwich.)
Robert, Bishop of Lamburgh. (Bangor.)
Hugh, Archbishop of (Damestensis). (York.)
Thomas de Brackenbury, a Franciscan, Bishop of
Leighlin, 1349— 13<>3. (Ely.)
John Pascal, Carmelite of Ipswich ; Bishop of Scu-
tari ; translated to Llandaff. (Norwich.)
Robert Hyntlesham, Bishop of (Sanascopolis).
(Norwich.)
William, Bishop of Tusculum. • (Bath and Wells.)
Thomas Bedingfield, Archbishop of Nazareth.
(Norwich.)
William Bottlesham, Bishop of Bethlehem ; titular
of Raab, in Hungary; translated to Rochester.
(Canterbury.)
Simon, Bishop of Achonry. (Ely, Winton.)
Richard Fitzralph, Archbishop of Armagh. (Lich-
field.)
Robert Calder, Bishop of Dunkeld. (Winton.)
Richard Messing, Bishop of Dromore, 1408-10 ; a
Carthusian. (York.)
John, Bishop of Dromore, 1410—19: died 1420.
(York.)
John, Rector of Threxton, 1400; Chancellor of
Norwich, 1399 ; Archbishop of Smyrna. (Nor-
wich.)
John Francis, Archbishop of Bourdeanx. (Lincoln.)
Oswald, Bishop of Whitherne. (Durham.)
John, Bishop of Narenta in Dalmatia. [Ste-
phanensis.3 (Ely.)
John Camere, Bishop of Aghadoe. (Worcester.)
April 1. Robert, Bishop of Emly. (Norwich.)
1043.
1074.
1138.
1191.
1213.
1213.
1237.
1240.
1253.
1259.
1273.
1292.
1306.
1312.
1323.
1324.
1325.
1331.
1348.
1340.
1353.
1355.
1382.
1387.
1397.
1400.
1408.
1411.
1416.
14-22.
1422.
1424
2
NOTES AND QUEEIES.
[2nd s. NO 27., JULY 5. '56.
1426, Dec. 22. Robert, Bishop of Aghadoe [Gladensis].
(Norwich.)
1428. Nicholas Wartre, a Franciscan, Bishop of Dromore,
1419—1427. (York.)
1441, Sept. 10. Thomas Radclyffe, Bishop"of Dromore,
1440—1489. (Durham.)
David Cbirbury, a Carthusian, Bishop of Dromore,
1427—1434. (St. David's.)
1449. Thomas Barret, Bishop of Aghadoe. (Lincoln.)
1452. John, Bishop of Philippi. (Durham.)
1449. Thomas Scrope Bolton, Bishop of Down or Dro-
more. (Norwich.)
John Clederowe, translated to Bangor, 1425. (Can-
terbury.)
1478. Edmund Conisburgh, Archbishop of Armagh, 1477,
which he resigned 1480. (Ely.)
1489. William Egremont, Bishop of Dromore, 1500—
1504. (York.)
1490. Thomas Vivian, Prior of Bodmin, Bishop of Me-
gara ; buried at Bodmin. Arms, Or, between 3
leopards' faces, gules ; on a chevron, az. 3 annu-
lets, or : on a chief of the 2nd, 3 martlets of the
3rd. (Exeter.)
1491. Thomas Cornish, Provost of Oriel College, Oxford,
1493 ; Rector of St. Cuthbert's, Wells ; Axbridge,
April 3, 1489 ; Wokey ; Chew, Oct. 8, 1505 ;
Banwell ; Clevesham, March 15, 1502, Master of
St. John's Hospital ; Canon, Oct. 8, 1494, Chan-
cellor, April 21, 1499, Precentor, Sept. 4, 1502, of
Wells; he died July 3, 1513; buried at Wells.
He was Bishop of Tinia in Dalmatia. Arms,
Sable, between 3 roses gu. a chervon arg. (Bath
and Wells.)
James Blakedon, Bishop of Achomy, 1452 ; trans-
lated to Bangor. (Bath and Wells.)
1491. John Bell, Bishop of Mayo [Merionensis]. (Can-
terbury.)
Richard, educated at Oxford ; Dominican of War-
wick ; died 1502; buried in Blackfriars, Wor-
cester; Bishop of (Olevensis) in Mauritania.
(Worcester.)
Philip Pynson, a Grey Friar; educated at Oxford;
Archbishop of Tuam, Dec. 1503—1506. (Here-
ford.)
1498. Richard Martin, Warden of Grey Friars ; Rector of
Lydde ; and Ickham. (Canterbury.)
1500. Francis, Archbishop of Constantinople. (Bath and
Wells.)
1513. John Young, D.D., consecrated July 3, in St. Tho-
mas D'acre Hospital, London, by the Bishop of
London ; born at Newton Longueville ; educated
at Winchester; Fellow. 1482; Warden, April 13,
1521, of New College, Oxford ; Rector of Carfax ;
St. Christopher Stock, Jan. 22, 1513, St. Magnus,
London Bridge, March 30, 1514 ; Master of St.
Thomas' Hospital, Aug. 12, 1510; Archdeacon
of London, March 18, 1514; Dean of Chichester ;
Judge of the Prerogative Court, 1517 ; Master of
the Rolls; he died March 28, 1526, and was
buried in New College Chapel. He was Bishop
of Calliopolis in Thrace. (London.)
1513. Thomas Woolf, consecrated Sept. 13, to Lacedae-
mon; Vicar of East Ham, May 2, 1514. (Lon-
don.)
1516. John Hatton, of York ; educated at Oxford ; Canon
of York, Oct. 24, 1504; Southwell, Feb. 15, 1506 ;
Archdeacon of Nottingham, Sept. 1506; Bishop
of Negropont; died April 25, 1516; buried at
York. (York.)
1518. Richard Wylson, Prior of Drax ; Bishop of Meath,
1523—30 ; buried at Bingley, York. (York.)
John Tynmouth, D.D., a Minorite of Lynn ; edu-
cated at Oxford ; Rector of Ludgershall ; Bishop
of Argos : died 1524 ; buried at Boston, of which
he was vicar. (Lincoln.)
John Underwood, son of William, a goldsmith, and
Alice, of St. Andrew's, Norwich; Rector of North
Creeke, 1505, and Eccles; he degraded John
Bilney : bishop of Chalcedon. (Norwich.)
William Gilberd, Abbat of Bruton ; Bishop of Me-
gara. (Bath and Wells.)
Thomas Chard, a Benedictine ; Vicar of Welling-
ton, June, 1512 ; Synterhull, Aug. 1521 ; Abbat
of Montacute, 1515—32; Bishop of (Solubri-
ensis); died Nov. 1541. (Exeter.)
John Draper, Prior of Christchurch, Hants ; Bishop
of Naples. (Winton.)
Thomas Swillington, Bishop of Philadelphia. (Can-
terbury.)
Thomas Hallam, Bishop of Philadelphia. (Canter-
bury.)
1519. Thomas, Bishop of (Pannadensis) in the archdiocese
of Mayence. (Lichfield.)
1536. Thomas Mannyng, consecrated March 19, at Lam-
beth by the Primate and Bishops of Salisbury
and Rochester to Ipswich ; Prior of Butleigh ;
Rector of Heigham, Somerset, Oct. 2, 1499;
Master of Metingham College, Nov. 12, 1539.
(Norwich.)
1536. John Salisbury, consecrated March 19, at Lambeth,
by the Primate and Bishop of Salisbury and
Rochester to Thetford ; translated to Sodor, April
7, 1570. (Norwich.)
1536. William More, B.C.L., consecrated Oct. 20, by the
Primate and Bishops of St. Asaph and Sidon, in
the Dominican Church, to Colchester. He was a
Master in Chancery ; Abbat of Walden ; Rector
of Bradwell, April 20 ; West Tilbury, Oct. 5, 1534 ;
Prebendary of Lincoln ; York, March 11, 1538 ;
Archdeacon of Leicester. (Ely.)
1536. Thomas Sparke, consecrated to" Berwick ; he was
B.D. of Durham College, Oxford ; Canon of Dur-
ham, May 12, 1521; Master of Holy Island;
Warden of Gretham Hospital. He died 1572, and
was buried at Gretham. (Durham.)
1537. Lewis Thomas, consecrated June 24, at Lambeth,
by the Primate and Bishops of Rochester and St.
Asaph to Shrewsbury. He was Rector of Llan-
turse, and abbat of Keymes. (St. Asaph.)
1537. John Hodgskin, consecrated Dec. 9, in St. Paul's,
to Bedford; he was a Dominican, 1531; Rector
of Lyndon, July 23, 1544 ; Vicar of Walden ; St.
Peter's Cornhill, April 2, 1555 ; Prebendaiy of St.
Paul's, Nov. 26, 1548 ; he died July, 1560. (Lin-
coln.)
1539. John Bradley, Abbat of Milton ; consecrated March
23, by the Bishops of Hippo, Marlborough, and
Bangor, to Shaftesbury, in St. John's Church,
Southampton. (Salisbury.)
Andrew Whitmay, of Gloucester; educated at Ox-
ford ; Bishop of (Chrysopolis) ; died 1546. (St.
Asaph and Worcester.)
John Stonywell, D.D., born at Longdon ; a Bene-
dictine ; Prior of Gloucester Hall, Oxford ; Ab-
bat of Pershore, Oct. 16, 1527; Bishop of Pulati;
he died 1552, and was buried at Longdon. (Wor-
cester.)
Robert Sylvester, Prebendary of York, May 2,
1541 ; Archdeacon of Nottingham, Jan. 31, 1549 ;
Bishop of Hull ; he died 1552. (York.)
Thomas Wellys, Prior of St. Gregory's ; Chaplain
to Archbishop Warham ; Bishop of Sidon. (Can-
terbury.)
1558. March 2. Thomas Chetham, Rector of Bishops-
2nd S. NO 27., JULY 5. '56,]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
bourne, March 21 ; Canon of St. Paul's, Oct. 10,
1553; Wrotham, March 22, 1558; Bishop of
Sidon ; died at Greenwich, 1558. (Canterbury.)
1558. March 8. Licensed to officiate ; Christopher, Bishop
of Sidon. (Canterbury.)
John, Bishop of Hippo. (Canterbury.)
William Favell, of Collumpton ; Prior of St. Nicho-
las, Exeter; Archdeacon of Totness, Aug. 10,
1549; Bishop of Hippo; died July 24, 1537.
' (Exeter.)
Matthew Makerel, Abbat of Burlings; Bishop of
Chalcedon. (Canterbury.)
Thomas Beie, an Austin Canon ; Vicar of Wi-
tham, Jan. 28, 1528 ; Prebendary of St. Paul's,
Nov. 11, 1521 ; Prior of St. Mary Spital, London ;
Ranton ; Abbat of Dorchester ; Bishop of Lydda ;
died Aug. 12, 1540, and was buried at Bury St.
Edmunds. (London.)
1537. John Byrd, consecrated June 24, to Penrith, by the
Primate and Bishops of Rochester and St. Asaph ;
translated to Bangor, 1539 ; and Chester, Aug. 5,
1541. (Llandaff.)
1537. Thomas Morley, Abbat of Stanley; consecrated
Nov. 4, by the Primate and Bishops of Lincoln
and Rochester to Marlborough. (Salisbury.)
1537. Richard Yngworth, consecrated Dec. 9, by the
Primate and Bishops of Rochester and St. Asaph
to Dover ; Rector of Chidingstone, May 10, 1539 ;
Chart, May 28, 1541 ; Wrotham, April 3, 1546 ;
Prior of Langley Regis. (Canterbury.)
1538. Henry Holbeche, consecrated March 24, by the
Bishops of London, Worcester, and St. Asaph,
in Rochester Place, at Lambeth, to Bristol;
translated to Lincoln. (Worcester.)
1538. William Finch, consecrated April 7, in the Do-
minican Church, London, by the Bishops of Ro-
chester, St. Asaph, and Colchester, to Taunton;
he was Prior of Braemar ; Rector of West Carn-
mell, May 8, 1554 ; Prebendary of Wells, Jan. 6,
1557. (Bath and Wells.)
1539. Robert King, consecrated to Roan, near Athens,
translated to Osney and Oxford. (Lincoln.)
1539. John Thornden, D.D., Master of Canterbury Hall,
Oxford; Commissary of Oxford, 1506—1514;
Prior of Dover, 1508 ; Rector of High Hardys,
Dec. 23, 1505 ; Newington, Aug. 6, 1506 ; Har-
bledown, Aug. 30,1507; Aldington, June 21,
1512; Illogh Monachorum, Nov. 2, 1514; con-
secrated to Sirmium (Szerem) in Hungary.
(Canterbury.)
..Richard Thornden le Stede, Monk of Canterbury ;
Rector of Chidingstone, May 10, 1539 ; Chart,
May 28, 1541 ; Wrotham, April 3 ; Tentwarden,
April 19, 1546; Adisham, 1554; Bishopsbourne,
June 14, 1554 ; Lydde ; Proctor in Convocation,
1541; Prebendary of Canterbury, April 18,
1542 ; Vice-dean, May 17, 1556. Consecrated to
(Syrinensis) and Dover : he proved false to his
patron Cranmer, and was a great persecutor : he
died 1558, and was buried at Bishopsbourne.
(Canterbury.)
1553. Robert Pursglove, born at Tideswell ; educated at
St. Paul's School, and Corpus Christi College,
Oxford ; Prior of Gisborne ; Provost of Rother-
ham ; Archdeacon of Nottingham, 1553, ;
founder of Gisborne School ; Bishop of Hull : he
died May 2, 1579, and was buried at Tideswell.
(York.)
1567. Richard Barnes, consecrated April 5, at York, to
Nottingham; translated to Carlisle, July 23,
1570 ; and to Durham, May 9, 1575. (Lincoln.)
1569. Richard Rogers, S.T.B., consecrated May 15, at
Lambeth, by the Primate and Bishops of London
and Rochester to Dover : he was born at Sutton
Valence; educated at Christ's College, Cam-
bridge ; Rector of Llanarmon ; Dudley, 1549 ;
Dunmow, Feb. 11, 1560 ; Canfield ; Chart, Jan. 19,
1567 ; Prebendary of St. Paul's, Oct. 25, 1566 ;
Archdeacon of St. Asaph, 1559 ; Master of
Eastbridge Hospital, 1594 ; Dean of Canterbury,
Sept. 16, 1584 : he died May 19, 1597, and was
buried in Canterbury Cathedral. (Canterbury.)
1592. John Sterne, consecrated Nov. 12, at Fulham, by
the Primate and Bishops of London, Bristol, and
Rochester, to Colchester ; he was Vicar of Rick-
mansworth, 1584 ; Witham, March 7, 1587 : he
died Feb. — , 1607. (London.)
1848. G. T. Spencer, Bishop of Madras (Commissary).
(Bath and Wells.)
1856. Reginald Courtney, Bishop of Kingston; Arch-
deacon of Jamaica. (Jamaica.)
What has become of Dr. Walker s noble pro-
posal to endow a See of Cornwall, acknowledged
in Parliament and by both Houses of Convo-
cation ? MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A.
ETYMOLOGIES.
" Merry England." — This expression, I appre-
hend, conveys an erroneous idea to the minds of
persons in general. It is usually supposed to
refer to the gay, joyous character of the English
people of the olden time ; whereas, as I hope I
shall be able to show, it is like " La Belle France,"
and such terms indicative of the nature and ap-
pearance of the country, not of the character of
the people.
The origin of our word merry is the Anglo-
Saxon mijiig, a word seemingly peculiar to that
language, for I have not met any term resembling
it in any of the cognate dialects. Its proper
meaning seems to be pleasant, cheerful, agreeable.
Thus in the Canterbury Tales, the Persone says :
" I wol yow telle a mery tale in prose ; "
and this tale is a grave " Treatise on Penitence,"
to which merry, in its present acceptation, could
never be applied. In like manner it is said of
Chaunticlere the cock :
" His vois was merier than the mery orgon,"
which is not merry in our sense of the word. But
merry is also used of places :
" Of erbe yve that groweth in our yerd that mery is."
" That made hem in a cite for to tarie,
That stood full mery upon a haven syde."
Lincoln is termed merry in the ballad of " Hugh
of Lincoln;" we also meet with Merry Carlisle
and Maryland Town, in which the reference is
plainly to the site, &c., of the place, rather than to
the character of the inhabitants. Merry England
is then, we may say, England that abounds in
comforts, and is pleasant to live in.
I cannot help thinking that merry in its original •
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd s. N° 27., JULY 5. '56.
sense would, in some cases, pretty accurately ex-
press the peculiar Portuguese term saudoso. The
Liisitanian lexicographers define the substantive
saudade, "grief arising from the absence of the
beloved object, accompanied by the desire of see-
ing it again ; " which is something like desidefium.
But we find saudoso in connections where this is
not the exact sense. Thus we meet with olhos
saudosos, " mery eyen," and Camoens says :
" Nos saUdosos campos do Mondego,"
in both of which places it is the pleasure of pre-
sence, rather than the pain of absence, that is in-
dicated. As I am on the subject of etymology I
will jiive the origin of saudade, saudoso, of which
I have seen no derivation. As then an older
form is so'idade, so'idoso, 1 would say, having in
view the syncopating character of the Portuguese
language, that the root of them, as of the French
souci, is solicitus. I may add that souci and
saudade are names of the same flower.
" Good Cheer" — I have given cheerful as a
sense of merry, and it is curious to mark the pro-
gress of the word cheer. There can, I think, be
hardly a doubt that the origin is itdpa, " head ; "
retained by the Spaniards in cara, and changed by
the Italians to cera, ciera, and by the French to
chere, all signifying " face." Hence our cheer
usually denotes aspect, countenance; then it was
applied to the mind, as in " Be of good cheer ; "
and finally, indicative, some might say, of the
English character, good cheer came to signify good
eating and drinking! There were also the verbs
to cheer and to cheer up, the last contracted to
chirp, as in —
" He takes his chirping pint and cracks his jokes."
" Lechery." — This word is usually derived from
the French lecher, to lick ; but this is evidently
incorrect, for both it and licorous must come from
luxuria, which is exactly the same with it in sense.
THOS. KEIGHTJLEY.
DUKE THE POET.
It may perhaps be doubted whether Richard
Duke deserved the honour of being immortalised
by the pen of our great moralist ; but, since the
tiling lias been done, it seems only a proper mark
of respect to Johnson to make a note of anything
that may assist in filling up his sketches, and
carrying out his purpose. This is especially the
case when the biographer was at a loss for mate-
rials; and I believe that of all the Lives of the
Poets that of Duke is the shortest and most
superficial. In my copy it does not occupy so
much as one full page ; and what little there is
quite accords with the opening words — " Of Mr.
Richard Duke I can find few memorials." More
of his circumstances and personal history may, I
think, be learned from a document which I lately
found, while searching for something else, among
some family deeds and papers in my possession.
How it, and several other documents to which
Duke was a party, came to be where they are, I
cannot tell; but I think that (if room can be made
for it) this one is worth printing as it stands; for
it seems as if it could not be materially abridged
without losing some part of the character or in-
formation. It is written on parchment, and en-
dorsed "A Coppie of Mr. Richard Duke his
Discharge to his ifathers Executors, 1679 :"
"KNOW all men by these presents that I, Richard
Duke, Batchelor of Art, eldest sonne and heire of
Richard Duke, late Citizen and Scrivener of Lon-
don, deceased, and now of the full age of one and
twenty yeares, doe hereby acknowledge, and de-
clare, that I have received and had, at and before
thensealeing and delivery hereof, of and from
Robert Cliilcott, Citizen and Merchantaylor of
London, George Dashwood of London, esquire,
and Thomas Goodwin, Citizen and Scrivener of
London, executors of the last will and testament
of the said Richard Duke my said late father, de-
ceased, my share, and the better share to my
owne content, of all my said fathers printed
books, which he, in and by the said will, did will
and appoynt should be devided betweene his two
sonnes (namely), mee the said Richard Duke, and
my brother Robert Duke; and that I should have
the better share. And that I have also received
and had, of and from them the said executors, in
severall boxes and otherwise, all the deeds, evi-
dences, and writeings, which upon, or after, the de-
cease of my said late father came to, and have
rernayned in the hands, or custody, of them the
said executors, or some or one of them, which do
concern or relate unto the messuage, tenement, or
inne, commonly called, or known, by the name, or
signe, of the White Beare, scituate and being in
West Smithfeild, in the parish of St. Sepulchre's
without Newgate, London. And also all those
which doe concerne, or relate, unto a messuage
or tenement scituate and being in Charterhouse
Lane, on the west side of the said lane, in the
county of Middlesex, and in the parish of St.
Sepulchre's without Newgate, London, aforesaid
(and commonly called, and knowne, by the name,
or signe, of the Woll Sack or Wooll Pack), the
which said inne, and tenement, my said late father,
by his said last will and testament, did give, de-
vise, and bequeath, unto his said executors, and
to the survivors, and survivor, of them, and the
executors, and administrators, of the survivors of
them, dureing, and until!, I the said Richard Duke
should have attayned unto my full age of one and
twenty yeares, upon the trust and to the intents
and purposes in the same his last will and testa-
ment expressed, declared, and conteyned. And
2nd s. NO 27., JULY 5. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
from, and after, I the said Richard Duke should
have fully attained that my said full age of one
and twenty yeares (if I should so long live) then
he gave, devised, and bequeathed the said mes-
suages or tenements unto me the said Richard
Duke, my heires and assigns for ever : subject,
nevertheless, to the provisoes and conditions con-
teyned, and appearing, in the said will and testa-
ment of my said late father. As for touching and
concerning which my said share of bookes, and
the deeds, evidences, and wrireings aforesaid, and
all trust, clayme, and pretence, whatsoever con-
cerning them, or any of them, I the said Richard
Duke doe hereby, for me, my heires, executors,
administrators, and assigns, fully, cleerly, and ab-
solutely remisH, release, and for ever discharge,
them the said Robert Chilcott, George Dash wood,
and Thomas Goodwin, their heires, executors, and
administrators, and every of them. AND know
ye farther that I the said Richard Duke, in con-
formity and obedience to the expresse will, order,
and appointment of my said late father, declared
in and by his said last will and testament, HAVE
remised, released, and for ever quitt claymed,
and by these presents doe remise, release, and for
ever quitt claym, unto the said Robert Chilcott,
George Dashwood, and Thomas Goodwill, and
every of them, their, and every of their heires,
executors, and administrators, all or any chills
part, or customary part or share, which I the said
Richard Duke can or may clayme, or demande,
out of any part or share of the estate whatsoever
of my said late father, by force or virtue of the
custom of the city of London, or otherwise how-
soever (except only such perticular legacyes as
should be, and are, given or shall fall to mee, by
and according to the true intent, and meanein<r, of
the same last will and testament of my said late
father).
" IN WITNES whereof I the said Richard Duke
have hereunto set my hand and scale. Dated the
sixth day of September, Anno Dni 1679, and in
the one and thirtieth yeare of the reigne of our
sovereigne Lord Charles the Second, by the grace
of God of England, Scotland, * ranee, and Ire-
land, King, Defender of the Faith, &c.
"RICHARD DUKE,
" Sealed and delivered in the presence of John
Sherley, Wm. Antrobus, Scr.-, and Sam. Bradley."
The truth of the copy is attested by Wm. An-
trobus and John Dann.
I should like to add one or two remarks, as well
as some further particulars, which may be gleaned
from some of the other documents ; but this one
will occupy so much space that it would be un-
reasonable to ask for more at present. Allow
me, however, to add a Query. Johnson states
that the poet is said to have been tutor to the
Duke of Richmond; and this seems not impro-
bable. The duke must have been about seven
years old when the poet came of age and gave
this discharge. I shall be much obliged to any
one who will tell me, either through " N. & Q."
or directly, where I may find the particulars of
the young Duke of Richmond's conversion to
Popery, and re-conversion to Protestantism.
S. R. MAITLAND.
Gloucester.
FORGED ROMAN " WAXEN TABLETS."
In the Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiqui-
ties, edited by William Smith, LL.D. second edit.,
1848, I may be permitted to notice an error
which ought not to exist in a work of any au-
thority, tinder the head of " Tabula?," the writer
of that article has referred to certain " ancient
waxen tablets," said to have been discovered in
one of the gold mines near the village of Abrud-
bianya, in Hungary, and which were described by
M. Massmann of Munich in his Libellus Aurarinst
sive Tabulce cerata, et Autiquissimce et unicce Ro-
mance, Leipsic, 1840, 4to. The date assigned to
these tablets is A. D. 167, and, supposing them to be
genuine, they would afford us the earliest, existing
sperimens of cursive minuscule Roman writing;
but the fact is, that they have been long proved
to be fictitious by the continental scholars and
palaeographers; and a statement to that effect was
published by Silvestre in the Paleographie Uni-
verselle, published in 1839-1841, and, more re-
cently, repeated in the English translation of that
work, 1850, vol. i. p. 255. I may add, from my
own testimony, that these very tablets, or similar
ones, were offered to me for purchase several
years ago, but were rejected at once as palpable
forgeries. F. MADDEN.
British Museum.
ILLUSTRATIONS OF MACAULAT.
[The general satisfaction with which this series of
Papers has been received, has determined us to con-
tinue it in the present volume : and We shall be greatly
obliged by the communication of Inedited Letters,
Ballads, or other Documents, which may serve to
throw light upon the eventful period treated of by Mr.
Macaulay. ]
Jack Ketch (2nd S. i. 72.) —
" The Apologie of John Ketch, Esq., the Executioner of
London, in vindication of himself as to the Execution of
the late Lord Russel, on July 21, 1683.
"It is an old saying and a true one, that one story's
good till another's heard, but it is one of the most difficult
things imaginable to dispossess the world of any censure
or prejudice, that is once fixt or hath taken root in the
harts of the People. However, since it is not fit that so
publick a Person as the Executioner of Justice and the
Law's Sentence upon Criminals and Malefactors should
lye under the scandal of untrue Reports, and be unjustly
6
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd S. NO 27., JULY 5. '56.
expos'd to popular Clamour, I thought it a matter of
highest importance to me to> clear and vindicate myself as
to the manner of my Lord Russel's Execution, and the
hard usage he is said to have had in the Severing of his
Head from his Body.
" As to the several reports that have been rais'd, as it
hath been always a common Custom in the Worlcf, not
only to magnifie" and misrepresent the truth, but to forgo
things that never were, the falsity of them will appear to
judicious Persons as well by the improbability of them
as by testimony of those that know the Contrary ; As
namely that I had been drinking all the foregoing Night
and was in Drink when I came upon the Scaffold, when
as all my Neighbours can testifie that I went orderlie to
Bed that Night and wholly undisguis'd in Drink. That
I had 20 Guinnies the Night before. That after the First
blow mv Lord should say, You Dog did I give you 10
Guinnies to use me so inhumanly? 'Tis true I receav'd
10 Guenies but not till after having dispos'd of his Coat,
Hat, and Periwig ; I took the boldness to give him a
small remembrance of the Civilities customary on the like
occasion, as to the report of my striking my Lord into the
Shoulder, how false it is I appeal to those that were the
nearest Spectatours of the Execution ; and for my being
committed Prisoner to Newgate, it is so Easie a matter
to disprove the truth thereof, that I need not trouble my-
self any farther about it.
"But my grand business is to acquit myself and come
off as fairly as I can, as to those grievous Obloquies and
Invectives that have been thrown upon me for not Sever-
ing my Lords Head from his Body at one blow, and in-
deed had I given my Lord more Blows then one out of
design to put him to more then ordinary Pain, as I have
been Taxt, I might justly be exclaim'd on as Guilty of
grater Inhumanity then can be imputed even to one of
my Profession, or had it been occasioned by a Bungling
and Supine Negligence, I had been much to blame. But
there are circumstances enow to clear me in this par-
ticular, and to make it plainly appear that my Lord him-
self was the real obstruct that he had not a quicker dis-
patch out of this World ; since if I may speak it of a
Person of his Quality? He died with more Galantry
then Discresion, and did not dispose him for receiving of
the fatal Stroke in such a posture as was most suitable,
for whereas he should have put his hands before his
Breast, or else behind him, he spread them out before
him, nor would he be persuaded to give any Signal or
pull his Cap over his eyes, which might possibly be the
Occasion that discovering the Blow, he somewhat heav'd
his Body. Moreover after having receiv'd the Guinnies,
and according to my duty ask't his Lordships Pardon, I
receav'd some Interruption just as I was taking Aim, and
going to give the Blow. Thus have I trnely and faith-
fully expos'd to the Publick all that can be said in this
matter, and hope, whatever prejudice the undiscerning
Multitude may retain, to have given sufficient satisfaction
to all rational judicious Persons."
No. 2627. of the Collection of Proclamations,
Sfc., presented to the Chetham Library, Man-
chester, by James O. Halliwell, Esq., F.R.S.
BlBLIOTHECAR. CHETHAM.
Prince of Orange (2nd S. i. 370.) —
" Even that court seems to have had some sense of
shame; for the sentence of confiscation and banishment
against the Ruart did not state the crime for which it
was passed."
The sentence is fully set out in a pamphlet en-
titled :
'• Sententia van den generalen hove van Nederland
tegens Mr. C. de Wit en Mr. Jan de Witt, 's Gravenhaa<r.
1672,"
which is in the British Museum, VVW2 ^ ex~
plicitly states that the Ruart suborned Tichelaer
to assassinate the Prince of Orange. P. H.
MARRIOT THE GREAT EATER.
In that amusing and really instructive work,
John Duntons Life and Errors, may be found the
following paragraph :
" The air of New England was sharper than at London,
which, with the temptation of fresh provisions, made me
eat like a second Mariot of Gray's Inn."
Upon which Dunton's editor, Mr. J. B. Nichols,
has this note :
" Of this celebrated eater no other record, it is probable,
now remains."
Not so. In Smith's Obituary, edited for the
Camden Society by Sir Plenry Ellis, I find the
following entry :
« 25 Nov. 1653, Old Marriot of Gray's Inn (ye great
eater) buried."
Sir Henry Ellis is silent about this Gray's Inn
worthy.
Not so Charles Cotton, Walton's associate in
The Complete Angler, who, in his Poems on Seve-
ral Occasions, 1689, has two copies of verses on
the Gray's Inn cormorant ; one (p. 349.) called
" On the Great Eater of Gray's Inn," the other
(p. 417.) " On Marriot." From the former we
learn that he was spare and thin :
" Approaching famine in thy physnomy."
The other has this line :
" Mariot the eater of Gray's Inn is dead."
The readers of John Dunton and Charles Cotton
will probably make a note of this communication.
PETER CUNNINGHAM.
Kensington.
THE LASS OF RICHMOND HILL.
In the Memoirs of Mrs. Fitzherbert, by the
Hon. Charles Langdale, lately published, there is
the following quotation from the above song :
" I'd crowns resign
To call thee mine,
Sweet lass of Richmond Hill ! "
And it is stated, upon the authority of the late
Lord Stourton, that the song was written to cele-
brate the charms of the above lady. With all due
deference to his lordship's opinion, I consider this
to be a mistake, and I beg to enumerate two or
three other individual ladies, for whom it has been
asserted it was compiled. A Miss Smith, who
resided on the Hill near the Terrace, at the period
2nd s. NO 27., JULY 5. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
when the song first appeared, had the general re-
putation of being the person for whom it was de-
signed. The Rev. Thomas Maurice published
Richmond Hill, a poem, in which, under the name
of Mira, he introduces a Miss Cropp as the Lass
of Richmond Hill, who committed suicide for her
lover on the 22nd April, 1782 ; but this has been
regarded merely as poetic fiction with regard to
the song. Another account we have, in Personal
Sketches of his own Times, by Sir Jonah Barring-
ton, vol. ii. pp. 47 — 52. ; in this it is stated Mr.
Leonard MacNally wrote the song on a Miss
Janson, daughter of Mr. Janson, a rich attorney
of Bedford Row, Bloomsbury, who had a country-
house on Richmond Hill. There were great ob-
stacles to his marrying her, but perhaps from
making the lady the theme of his poetry, and
being also the author of Robin Hood, a comic
opera of great merit, he ultimately obtained her
hand. But. notwithstanding all these authorities,
I am inclined to think the song was not intended
for any particular person, but written by Mr.
Wm. Upton, author of Poems on several Oc-
casions, 8vo., 1788, and A Collection of Songs
sung at Vauxhall, and who was the poet of Vaux-
hall Gardens 1788—1789. I believe it first ap-
peared in the Public Advertiser of Monday, Aug. 3,
1789, where it is stated to be a favourite song
sung by Mr. Incledon at Vauxhall, and composed
by^ Mr. Jas. Hook (the father of Theodore). It is
said Incledon sang the song in such a fascinating
manner, that it led to a superior and permanent
engagement at Covent Garden Theatre, as, after
the season of 1789, he never again appeared at
Vauxhall. *.
Richmond.
" GRENVILLE PAPERS : GEORGE III. S LETTER TO
LORD TEMPLE, CORRECTION OF.
In the Grenville Memoirs of the Cabinets of
George III. is a remarkable letter from the king
to Lord Temple, written on the occasion of his
"surrender" to the coalition ministry of Fox and
Lord North ; which, like everything else of his
private correspondence published, is highly cha-
racteristic of the firm unaffected character of the
man, and of that remarkable power of letter-
writing in a pure English unpretending style,
which completely refutes the aspersions thrown by
adverse or disappointed politicians upon his un-
derstanding and education.
In this letter there is, however, one trace of
that haste in writing, which the king notoriously
had in speaking, and which sometimes made it
difficult for those he addressed to follow or under-
stand him. The editor of the Grenville Papers
undertakes to correct the obscurity, but has done
so, as I think, clumsily, and without effect.
The sentence, as printed verbatim from the
original, is this :
" The seven cabinet councillors named by the Coalition
shall kiss hands tomorrow ; and then ftn*m their arrange •
ments ; as the former negotiation they did not condescend to
open to many of their intentions."
The obscurity is in the clause printed in Italics,
and the editor, in a foot-note, corrects it thus :
" As (in) the former negociation they did not conde-
scend to open to(o) many of their intentions."
It appears to me that this emendation is partly
incorrect ; I would re-write the sentence thus :
" As (in) the former negociation, they did not conde-
scend to open to m(e) any of their intentions."
This would reduce the king's mistake to the
omission of an in, and the running of me, any,
into many ; while it is at once more intelligible,
and more expressive of that sense of offended
dignity at the treatment he experienced at the
hands of the Coalition, which pervades every line
of the letter.
This indignation has, as seems to me, in another
sentence led the king into a form of expression
which rather oversteps the bounds of correctness ;
he calls his " besiegers " —
" The most unprincipled coalition the annals of this or
any other nation can equal."
I may be wrong in my criticism, and should bow
to correction, but this sentence seems somewhat
to conform (as I humbly submit) to that mode of
expressing intensity, in which Sir Boyle Roche, in
the Irish parliament on some occasion of national
calamity, affirmed that, —
" Single misfortunes never come alone, and the greatest
of all possible misfortunes is generally followed by a much*
greater."
A. B. R.
Belmont.
Papering Rooms. — Herman Schinkel, M.A.,
citizen and printer of Delft, belonging to the
Reformed Religion, was apprehended, A.D. 1568,
on a charge of printing and publishing books ini-
mical to the Catholic faith ; for which he was
sentenced to death, and suffered in July following.
In his examination (as detailed by him in his last
and farewell letter to his wife), being interrogated
as to certain ballads alleged by his accusers to
have been printed at his press, he said they were
printed by his servant in his absence. And —
" Want ick quam t'huys, eer dat sy gelevert waren, ende
doe en woude ick niet gedoogen, dat mense leveren sonde,
maarick schichtese in een Noeck, om roosen en stricken
op d'andere zijde te drucken, daer men Solders mede
bekleet," &c.
" When he came home, and found they were not de-
livered, he refused to deliver them, and threw them into
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd S. N« 27., JULY 5. '56.
a corner, intending to print roses and stripes on the other
side, to paper attics with," &c.
Is there any earlier mention of papering rooms
than this ? JAMES KNOWJ.ES.
Cock-fighting, its Origin. —
« Themistocles, marching against the Persians, beheld
two of these determined warriors in the heat of battle,
and thereupon pointed out to his Athenian soldiery their
indomitable courage. The Athenians were victorious;
and Themistooles gave order that an annual cock-fight
should be held in commemoration of the encounter they
had witnessed. No record, however, of the sport occurs
in this country (England) before the year 1191." — Free-
masons' Q. M., July 1853, ^
Malta.
Epitaph on a Sell-ringer. — The following
epitaph, from the churchyard of Leeds, Kent, is
interesting, as recording, probably, the only in-
stance of the complete changes on eight bells
having been rung :
" In memory of James Barham, of this parish, who
departed this 'life Jan. 14, 1818, aged 93 years. Who,
from the year 1744 to the year 1804, rung in Kent and
elsewhere, 112 peals; not less than 5040 changes in each
peal, and called Robs, &c., for most of the peals. And
Anril the 7th and 8th, 1761, assisted in ringing 40,320
Bob major in 27 hours."
C. W. M.
The New Era : a Prophecy. — Adam Czar-
torvski, once the minister and favourite of Alex-
ander T. of Russia, but later one of the leaders of
the Polish Revolution of 1831 (now eighty four
years of nue!), uttered the following enigmatic
words at the List meeting of the Polish Historical
Society of Paris, April, 1856 :
" It seems to me, at times, as if a curtain had fallen on
that concluded scene ( !), of which we were witnesses and
partly actor", and that now a new spectacle ( Widoivisko)
•«ill begin, tb« prologue of which even, has not yet been
played off. Thus, resigned but active, let us await the
rising of the curtain."
Strangelv, the same fine thought was uttered
by Walter Scott in his concluding remarks on the
French Revolution (Life of Napoleon} : "But the
hand of fate was on the curtain, about to bring
the scene to light." J. LOTSKY, Panslave.
15. Gower Street, London.
Old Notice of " Seven Dials" London. —
" East of that is a deal of pleasnnt planting (the author
is describing the policies of Sir John Maxwell of Nether
Pollock in Renfrewshire) ; at your first entering there is
a cross avenue ; one of the avenues of the cross leads east
to another cross, from whence six avenues branches off
almost l;ke the Seven Dials, London, where seven streets
branches off, viz 1. Great Karl, 2. Little Earl Streets;
3. Great St. Andrew's, 4. Little St. Andrew's Streets;
5. Great White Lion, fi. Little White Lion Streets; 7. and
last, Queen Street. The long cross stone which stood in
the middle centre was seven (feet) square at the top, and
a dial on each square ; which stone I saw standing in the
year 1770, but was down in the year 1777." — A History
of the Shire of Renfrew, part ii. p. 190., by George Craw-
furd and William Semple. Paisley, 1782.
G.N.
Flambeaux. — The extinguishers for the links
carried by the attendants on the chairs of the
wealthy diners-out still remain in Grosvenor
Square, Probably they were last used for the
Dowager-Marchioness of Salisbury, who was
buried at Hatfleld in 1835. She —
" Always went to court in a sedan chair, and at night
her carriage was known by the flambeaux of the foot-
men," — Raikes'g Diary* ii. 276.
MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A,
SHAKSPEAHE AND BARNFIELD.
Being at present busily engaged in the prepa-
ration and printing of my new edition of Shak-
speare's Plays and Poems, with a revisal of the
text and notes of my former impression of 1843
nnd 1S44, I am very desirous of obtaining all the
information I can procure regarding Richard
Barnfield, who has had the honour, as it now ap-
penrs, not of having poerns by him imputed to
Shakspeare, but of having poems by Shakspeare
imputed to him. The general belief, for about
the last century, has been, that certain produc-
tions in verse, really by Barnfield, and published
by him in 1598, had been falsely attributed to our
great dramatist ; but not long since I wrote a
letter to The Athenceum, the effect of which, I
apprehend, would be to deprive Barnfield of the
pieces in question (inserted in The Passionate
Pilgrim, 1599), and to restore them to their
actual author, Shakspeare.
The matter now seems to lie in a nutshell : —
They were printed as Barnfield's in 1598 ; they
were printed as Shakspeare' s in 1599 ; and when
Barnfield reprinted his productions in 1605, he
excluded those which had been printed in 1599 as
Shakspeare's. The inference seems to me in-
evitable, that they were by Shakspeare and not
by Barnfield. I formerly thought that Barnfield
had, in a manner, reclaimed his property in 1605 ;
but the very reverse is the fact. : and those poems
in The Passionate Pilgrim, whi< h are there as-
signed to Shakspeare, but which were formerly
supposed to be Harnfield's, may now, without
much hesitation, be taken from Barnfield and
given to Shakspeare. Hence we may perhaps
conclude that W. Jaggnrd, the publisher of The
Passionate Pilgrim, was not quite as much of a
rogue as was formerly imagined.
It then becomes a question how Shakspeare's
poems, in The Passionate Pilgrim of 1599, came
to be published as Barnfield's in 1598. Barn-
S. N° 27., JULY 5. '56. ]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
field's Encomion of Lady Pecimia was " printed
by G. S. for John Jaggard" in that year. Al-
though a thin tract, it is divided into four parts,
and every part has a separate title-page and im-
print, but, the first only bears the name of the
author, "Richard Barnfeild, graduate in Oxford:"
neither does the first title-page mention any of
the three other distinct portions of the volume.
It is to be observed also (a circumstance that
escaped my notice when I wrote to The Athen&uni),
that after " The Encomion of Lady Pecunia,"
forming the first portion of the volume, and which
alone has the name of Barnfield upon the title-
page, a new set of signatures at the bottom of the
page begins. "The Encomion of Lady Pecunia"
begins on A 2 (A 1 having formed the fly-leaf),
and ends on C 4. Then we arrive at a new title-
page, " The Complaint of Poetrie, for the Death
of Liberalise," which begins on sig. A 1, and ends
on sig. C 2. The title-page of the third division
of the work, " The Combat betweene Conscience
and Covetousnesse in the Minde of Man" is upon
sig. C 3, and it goes on as far as sig. D 4. The
fourth division of the work, " Poems in Divers
Humors," has its separate title-page on sig. E 1 ;
and on sig. E 4 the whole ends. The imprint
upon the four title-pages is precisely in the same
words and figures, viz., " London, printed by G.
S. for lohn laggard ; and are to be solde at his
shoppe neere Temple-barre, at the Signe of the
Hand and starre, 1598." The poems, formerly
in dispute between Shakspeare and Barnfield, are
in the fourth division of the volume, " Poems in
divers humors."
My mistaken notion, twelve years ago, was, that
Barnfield, in 1605, had republished the whole of
what had first appeared in 1598. This is not so.
In 1605 he prefixed a general title-page, men-
tioning only three of the four divisions of his
original work, viz. — 1. "Lady Pecunia, or The
Praise of Money." 2. " A Combat betwixt Con-
science and Covetousnesse;" and 3. " The Com-
plaint of Poetry, or the Death of Liberality." He
says not one word about what had been his fourth
division in 1508, "Poems in divers humors;" but
still, on the very last leaf • of the impression of
1605, Barnfield places "A Remembrance of some
English Poets," which had appeared as one of the
"Poems in divers humors," in 1598. All the rest
he seems purposely to have excluded, as if they
were not his.
As I have the necessary books upon my table,
I will subjoin an enumeration of the contents of
" Pi ems in divers humors," including, of course,
those which I now buppose Shakspeare to have
written, and which are mixed up with other
pieces, some of them of a personal nature.
1. Six lines, at the back of the title, "To the
learned and accomplisht Gentleman, Maister Ni-
cholas Blackleech of Grayes Inne," without any
signature.
2. " Sonnet to his friend Maister R. L. in
praise of Musique and Poetrie :' this is No. VIII.
in The Passionate Pilgrim (see my edit., vol. viii.
p. 566.)-
3. " Sonnet against the Dispraysers of Poetrie :"
it mentions Chaucer, Gower, Lord Surrey, Sir P.
Sidney, Gascoigne, and the King of Scots.
4. " A Remembrance of some English Poets,"
in eighteen lines: it speaks of Spenser, Daniel,
Drayton, and Shakspeare.
5. " An Ode," beginning " An it fell upon a
day:" it is inserted in The Passionate Pilgrim,
No. XXI. (see my edit., vol. viii. p. 577.). The
poem beginning " Whilst as fickle fortune smilde,"
which I treated as a separate production, is here
united with that which precedes it.
6. Some lines thus headed " Written at the
request of a Gentleman under a Gentlewoman's
Picture :" it consists of six fourteen-syllable lines.
7. "An Epitaph upon the Death of Sir Philip
Sidney, Knight, Lord-governour of Vlissing :" it
is in ten long lines in couplets.
8. " An Epitaph upon the Death of his Aunt,
Mistresse Elizabeth Skrymsher :" it is in twenty-
four long lines, in couplets.
"A Comparison of the Life of Man :" it is a
seven-line stanza, followed by the word " Finis."
This, as well as " A Remembrance of some En-
glish Poets," is reprinted in Barnfield's edition of
1605.
The two impressions of "Lady Pecunia," in
1598 and in 1605, I have before me. 1 have also
copies of Barnfield's Affectionate Shepheard, 1594
(Ritson, by mistake, dates it 1516); and of his
Cynthia, with certaine Sonnets, 1595. In the ad-
dress " to the courteous gentleman Readers," be"
fore the last, Barnfield repudiates "two books,"
which had been untruly imputed to him : he pro-
bably means Greene's Funerals, 1594, and Or*
pheus his Journey to Hell, 1595, both of which
were put forth with his initials. Therefore, in
1598, it would have been no novelty to him to
have other men's productions printed as his, since
the practice had begun i'n 1594, and he had com-
plained of it in 1595.
In reference to " As it fell upon a day," it may
be noticed, that though published as Barnfield's
in 1598, and as Sbakspeare's in 1599, the real
authorship of it was so little ascertained in 1600,
that it was printed in that year in England's
Helicon, under the signature of Ignoto. If any of
your readers can throw light upon this subject,
or add to the list of Barnfield's performances,
whether in print or in manuscript, they will con-
fer a favour upon J. PAYNE COLLIER.
Maidenhead.
10
NOTES AND QUERIES.
NO 27., JULY 5. '56.
Monson Township in Massachusetts. — Among
the intelligent contributors on the other side of
the Atlantic to "N. & Q," some one may be able
to explain whence originated the name of Monson
Township in Massachusetts. Some members of
a younger (Catholic) branch of the Monson family
are befieved to have emigrated to the United
States about 160 years ago, and the name is said
to be not uncommon there. Are any particulars
known of their early colonial lineage, or could
they be obtained from provincial histories or any
documents like parochial registers ? MONSON.
Gatton Park.
Germination of Seeds long buried. — It has been
stated that botanists have discovered new varieties,
and even new plants, in railway cuttings, from
seeds which had long been buried having ger-
minated on exposure to the air and light. Where
can an account of such plants be seen ? And
what plants have been noticed ? E. M.
Oxford.
Allow. — What is the meaning of this word in
the Baptismal Service — *' and nothing doubting
but that He favourably alloweth this charitable
work of ours," &c.
The Church does not teach that infant baptism
is merely a thing allowed or permitted, but that
it is commanded. In Romans vii. 15. ou yivd!>ffK(a
is rendered by the authorized version, " I allow
not," and by Moses Stuart, " I disapprove." Again
in Luke xi. 48., awtvdticeiTe is rendered, "ye allow."
Many instances might be brought to show that
allow formerly had the meaning approve, or ap-
plaud. Two occur closely together in Latimer's
Sermons (ed. Parker Society), p. 176. : " Ezekias
did not follow the steps of his father Ahaz, and
was well allowed in it." And again, p. 177.
" Much less we Englishmen, if there be any such
in England, may be ashamed. I wonder with
what conscience folk can hear such things and
allow it." Of course in this sense the word is de-
rived from ad, and laudare. E. Gr. R.
Butler Possessions in Wiltshire, Bedfordshire,
and Essex. — In 13 Hen. IV. Sir William Butler,
on his son's marriage with his wife Isabella,
settled a moiety of East and West Grafton and
Woolton, in Wiltshire ; a moiety of the manor of
Stoppesley (near Luton), called Halynges, in
Bedfordshire ; a moiety of the manor of Chalk-
well in Essex ; and a messuage called Houghton's,
and one hundred acres of land, and twenty acres
of pasture, with the appurtenances, in Berdfield
in the same county. These possessions occur in
family deeds of the Butlers in 9th, 19th, and 31st
Hen. VI., 20 Edw. IV., and 14 Hen. VII. All of
them, except perhaps Stoppesley, appear to have
been originally a portion of the possessions of the
great family of Clare ; and the Butlers, who held
them as mesne lords, probably acquired them by
the marriage of some co-heiress. Any of your
readers acquainted with county history will confer
a favour by stating how and when the Butlers
acquired the above properties. B.
Corsican Brothers : Nicholas and Andrew Tre-
maine. — In the Church of Lamerton, near Tavi-
stock, are the effigies of Nicholas and Andrew
Tremaine, twin brothers, born in that parish, of
whom it is related that not only were they so
alike in person that their familiar acquaintances
could not always distinguish them apart, but that
an extraordinary sympathy existed between them,
for even when at a distance from each other they
performed the same functions, had the same appe-
tites and desires, and suffered the same pains and
anxieties at the same time. They were killed to-
gether at Newhaven in 1663.*
Can any of your correspondents authenticate
these, or furnish any further particulars relating
to these individuals ? Under what circumstances
did they die ? R. W. HACKWOOD.
Reginald Bligh, of Queen's College, Cambridge
(B.A. 1779), was an unsuccessful candidate for a
Fellowship in that College, and published a
pamphlet on the subject. Information is re-
quested as to his subsequent career.
C. H. & THOMPSON COOPER.
Cambridge.
Rev. Charles Hotham, originally of Christ's
College, Cambridge, and afterwards Fellow of
Peterhouse, published various works between
1648 and 1655. We shall be glad of further par-
ticulars respecting him, especially the date of his
death, and the place of his sepulture.
C. H. & THOMPSON COOPER.
Cambridge.
Thomas Hood, M.D., sometime Fellow of Tri-
nity College in Cambridge, and afterwards teacher
of the mathematics in London, published various
works in and previously to 1598. Is the date of
his death known ? C. H. & THOMPSON COOPER.
Cambridge.
Lawn Billiards. — In my young days, when this
game was introduced, it was called Troco. To
what country does this name belong ? Not to
Morocco, where the game is played, with some
deviation in the form of the stick or cue.
F. C. B.
Diss.
]** These twins are noticed in our I1* S. xi. 84., but the
date of their deaths is there given as in 1562. To avoid
recapitulations, we would recommend our correspondents
to consult the General Index to our First Series previously
to forwarding their communications.]
2"* s. N« 27., JULY 5. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
11
Quotation. — Where are the following lines to
be found ?
" Sleep, thou hast oft been called the friend of woe,
But 'tis the happy who have called thee so."
ERICA.
The Gipsies. — Can you, or any of your readers,
furnish me with any authorities on gipsy manners
and customs besides Grellman, through Raper's
translation, Marsden (for the language), and
Hoyland ? I am pretty well off for historical
accounts of these people, but what I desire is in-
formation concerning their rites and ceremonies.
WM. A. BURRETT.
Tale wanted. — Can any of your correspondents
tell me in what tale a character is introduced who
had been branded for some crime ? He moves in
respectable society, and is noted only for a like-
ness to the criminal. When suspicions are at
length aroused, he affects to consider it beneath
him to do anything to remove them. The scene
is, I think, laid in Germany. a. j8.
Lord Charles Paulett. — Sir John Huband,
Bart., of losley, married Jane, dau. of Lord
Charles PauTett, of Dowlas, Hants, and died in
1710. Can you tell me, 1. Who was the father
of this Lord Charles Paulett ? 2. Who was the
wife by whom he had this daughter Jane ?
Sir John Huband was the first baronet of that
family, and the record of his marriage may be
found in Burke's Landed Gentry, under the head
of " Huband of Ipsley." G. W.
New York.
Edinburgh Plays. — Is anything known re-
garding the authors of the following plays, per-
formed at Edinburgh ? 1. Lawyers and their
Clients, or Love's Suitors, a comic sketch in three
acts. This comedy (which was said to be the first
dramatic attempt of a gentleman of Edinburgh)
was performed several times in the early part of
1815. 2. The Stepmother, or Fraternal Love, a
new tragedy, written by a gentleman of Edin-
burgh ; acted at Edinburgh in January, 1815.
3. The Wild Indian Girl, a comedy, acted at
Edinburgh, 1815. The part of Zelie in this co-
medy was performed by Mrs. H. Siddons.
4. Scotch Marriage Laws, or the Deacon and Her
Deputy, a new farce, for the benefit of Mr. Jones,
announced for performance on April 26, 1823 :
said to be written by an inhabitant of Edinburgh.
5. Love s Machinations, a new melodrama, by a
gentleman of Edinburgh, acted at the Caledonian
Theatre, Feb. 14, 1825. 6. The Phrenologist, a
comic drama, written by a literary character of
Edinburgh, acted in 1825. 7. The Mason's
Daughter, a masonic interlude, by a Brother of the
Craft, announced for performance at the Cale-
donian Theatre, May, 1825. 8. The Recluse, or
Elshie of the Moor, a melodrama in two acts, by
a gentleman of Edinburgh, to be performed for
the benefit of Mr. Denham, 1825. 9. The Or-
phan Boy, or the Bridge of the Alps, announced
for performance in December, 1825 : said to be
written by a gentleman of Edinburgh. R. J.
" Present for an Apprentice" — Is there any
evidence as to the author of A Present for an
Apprentice, or a sure Guide to gain both Esteem
and an Estate, by a late Lord Mayor of London.
The copy before me is called the Second Edi-
tion, with a great variety of improvements. Taken
from a " correct copy found among the author's
papers since the publication of the first." London,
1740, 8vo. J. M. (2.)
" The Peers, a Satire" — I have a poem of no
great value entitled The Peers, a Satire, by Hum-
phrey Hedghog, Junior, London, no date, but I
think from the matter about 1816. The names
are never fully printed, and the notes are rather
copious than explanatory. Perhaps some of your
readers may assist me to the meaning of the blanks
in the following passage, and say whence is taken
the strange Latin of which it is an imitation :
" Elate to soar ahove a silent vote
Upsprings the D — e to speak what H — wrote,
But horrors unexpected check his speed,
He fumbles at his hat, but cannot read.
On E — 's brows hang violence and fear,
In G — y's cold eye he reads a polished sneer;
His garden nymphs in silence mourn his state,
And caperous [sic] L — dares not strive with fate.
A panic terror o'er his senses comes,
Loosens his knees and sets his twitching thumbs,
He sinks into his place, then quits the peers,
And swells the gutter with spontaneous tears."
A note refers to the following quotation, but
does not say whence it is taken :
" Non Boream immemorem reliquit Nympha?,
Sed ipsi nullus auxiliatus est. Amor autem non
coercuit fata.
Undique autem adcumulati male obvio fluctus im-
petu
Impulsus ferebatur, pedum autem ei defecit vigor,
Et vis fuit immobilis inquietarum manuum,
Multa autem spontanea effusio aquas fluebat in
guttur."
I shall be obliged by reference to the original
of this strange Latin, which cannot be verse,
though printed like it. R. H. SEED.
Irish Church, anno 1695. — A gentleman high
in office in Ireland, writing from Dublin in April
of the above year, to Burnet, Bishop of Salisbury,
makes use of the following language, which the
context no way throws light on :
" Since of my knowlege a resident clergy is not to be
brought about in this place, for ye next 3 yeares to com6,
I thought I might according to ye custom of ye country
take (but wth yr leave) a temporary curatt for my one
Son, till yee had persuaded those for yr many Sons, to
12
NOTES AND QUERIES.
d S. NO 27., JULY 5. '56.
become perpetuall, wch I feare is not to be hoped for in yr
days nor mine; yet since y'Lpps. are so afraid of an ill
precedent, I would there were more of yr mind, for tho*
1 might not as now find my Convenience in such severity,
yet my safety I should bothe in Church and State."
Can any reader of " N. & Q." say whether at
the time in question there was any restriction on
incumbents in Ireland employing temporary cu-
rates ? One would think from the foregoing, that
all curates engaged were to be retain* d for a
term, or for the duration of the incumbency.
Where can a list of Irish incumbents, anno 1695,
be seen ? If this should meet the eye of MB.
D'ALTON, he no doubt could and would assist me.
L. M.
P.S. — I should also be glad to be informed
where I could meet with the best account of the
career of the Lords Justices of Ireland 1693 to
1695?
English Translation of Aristotle s " Organon"—
Will some of your correspondents refer me to a
good English translation of the prior posterior
Analytics of the Stagirite ? The more speedy the
reply, the more welcome.
C. MANSFIELD INGLEBT.
Releat. — What is the derivation of this word,
which I heard at Walton-on-the-Naze used thus :
" When you come to the three releats" &c., a
spot where three roads meet ? F. C. B.
Temple the Regicide. — By the act of the Com-
mons of England for the trying and judging of
Charles Stuart, King of England, as set out in
the State Trials, I find, named amongst the com-
missioners, three of the name of Temple, viz. Sir
Peter Temple. Knight Baronet, James Temple
and Peter Temple, Esquires. Sir Peter Temple
was no doubt the second baronet of that name,
the eldest son of Sir Thomas Temple, created in
16M, the progenitor of the Buckingham family.
Sir Peter seems to have shrunk from sitting under
this commission, for I do not find his name
amongst those who attended at the various meet-
ings which took place during the trial ; but the
other two, James and Peter Temple, seem to have
been men of different pith, and not to have been
ashamed or afraid of acting under a commission
which declared its bold purpose, " To the end no
chief officer or magistrate whatsoever may here-
after presume traiterou«ly or maliciously to-
imagine or contrive the enslaving or destroying of
the English Nation, and to expect impunity for so
doing;" for I find their two names recorded at
nearly every meeting of the commissioners, and
also signed to the death warrant. Can I be in-
formed through your columns of what branch of
the Temple family these bold patriots were ?
Were they related to Sir Peter the timid, and
bow ? What became of them at the Restoration ?
and whether any of their descendants can still be
traced? and where I should be likely to obtain
information ? Sir Thomas, the first baronet, is
said to have had thirteen children, but he would
scarcely have two sons named Peter ?
R. G. TEMPLE.
The Lache, Chester.
tihinrferf toft!) flnrftotrrf.
Montis u Death of Basseville." — In Forsytes
Remark* on Antiquities, Arts, and Letters, during
an Excursion in Italy, it is said, with relation to
Vincenzo Monti, author of several tragedies, that
" his Death of Basseville made him a public man."
Can you afford any information respecting the
subject of the latter work, or otherwise illustra-
tive of the passage quoted from Forsyth. T. H.
[Hugo Basseville, the hero of Monti's most celebrated
performance, was born at Abbeville about 1755. In com-
pliance with the paternal wish he entered on the study
of theology, but from the natural bent of his own mind
devoted himself to literary pursuits, and repaired to
Paris in quest of fame and fortune. Visiting Berlin he
became acquainted with the elder Mirabewi, which gave
rise to an intimate friendship with that celebrated indi-
vidual. From Berlin he proceeded to Holland, where he
wrote several works, tainted with that impious licence
of profane wit exercised by Voltaire with such a deso-
lating and fatal effect. At the commencement of the
Revolution Basseville adhered with commendable fidelity
to the royal cause, and conducted a daily journal, the
Mercure National, which had for its motto, " II faut un
Roi aux Francais." At this time none of his friends sus-
pected any inclination in him towards that excess of
democratic fanaticism to which, whether impelled by
poverty, or by a guilty ambition, he presently abandoned
himself. In 1792 he was nominated Secretary of Lega-
tion at the Court of Naples. In the following year a few
of his countrymen, more reckless than himself, were too
successful in urging him to the rash experiment of which
his life was the forfeit. This event occurred on Jan. 14,
1793, when it appears that, with a view of obtaining a
demonstration of the public feeling, Basseville appeared
in the streets of Rome wearing the badge of revolutionary
principles, the tricolored cockade. This dangerous step
excited the populace to a pitch of phrenzy, and the envoy
was stabbed in the stomach by a person of the lowest
class. How bitterly he repented his folly may be inferred
from the words that escaped his lips almost with his
latest breath, "Je meurs la victime d'un fou." The
poem, The Death of Basseville, is the production of Monti
on which his fame chiefly rests in his own country, where
it is familiarly styled the Bassevilliad, and often cited as
the masterpiece of the author, and of later Italian poetry.
The poem had an astonishing success; eighteen editions
of it appeared in the course of six months. An English
translation was published anonymously in 1845, but at-
tributed to Adam Lodge, Esq.,* M.A., which contains a
biographical sketch of Hugo Basseville, and some charac-
teristic notices* of the poetical genius of Monti.]
Palavacini. — : There are some well-known lines
about Baron Palavacini, but they have escaped
my memory, and as I do not know where to find
them, I shall feel obliged if any of your readers
2«"» S. N° 27., JULY 5. »56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
13
will tell me in what book I can see a copy of
them.
I shall be glad also of any particulars about
Baron Palavacini and his descendants. No me-
morial of them remains at Babraham, near Cam-
bridge, where he once lived, nor is there any
monument to the family in the church.
HENRY KENSINGTON.
[Sir Horatio Palavacini, a Genoese, was one of the col-
lectors of the Pope's dues in the reign of Queen Mary,
which, having sacrilegiously pocketed in the time of Queen
Elizabeth, enabled him to purchase two estates, one at
Babraham (formerly spelt Baberham), and the other at
Shelford, which came to his two sons, who were knighted
by Klizaheth and James I. (Morant's Essex, i. 8. 26.)
Sir Horatio was naturalised by patent in 1586, and is
mentioned in the first edition of Walpole's Anecdotes of
Painting, vol. i. p. 160., as an "arras-painter;" in the
second edition of that work is the following epitaph,
quoted from a MS. of Sir John Crew of Uthington:
" Here lies Horatio Palavazene,
Who robb'd the Pope to lend the Queene.
He was a thief. A thief ! Thou lyest ;
For whie? he robb'd but Antichrist.
Him Death wyth besome swept from Babram,
Into the bosom of oulde Abraham.
But then came Hercules with his club,
And struck him down to Beelzebub."
Sir Horatio died July 6, 1600, and on July 7, 1601, his
widow married Sir Oliver Cromwell, the Protector's uncle.
(See Noble's Memoirs of the Cromwells, vol. ii. p» 178., and
Burke's Landed Gentry, art. CROMWELL.) Palavacini was
one of the commanders against the Spanish Armada in
1588, and his portrait is preserved amongst those heroes
in the borders of the tapestry in the House of Lords, en-
graved by Pine. He was also employed by Queen Eliza-
beth in his negotiations with the German princes. Consult
Lysons's Cambridgeshire, vol. ii. p. 82., and Gough's Cam-
den, vol. ii. p. 139.']
II Tantnm Ergo" — During the present month
(June, 185ft) at a dedication of a Roman Catholic
chapel in Rathmines, near Dublin, the following
psalms were chaunted by the choir; " Miserere"
(51st, 56th, or 57th), " Fundamentaejus " (87th),
" Levavi oculos " (120th), " Lsefatus sum"
(122nd), and " Tantum ergo." Is " Tantum ergo,"
a psalm, and if not, where shall I find these words
in the Latin version of the sacred Scriptures ?
EIN FRAG KB.
[We take this to be the hymn sung at the celebration
of the Sacrament :
" Tantum ergo Sacramentum
Veneremur cernui," &c.
See The Ordinary of the Holy Mass.~\
tfarp in the Arms of Ireland (2nd S. i. 480.) —
Will your correspondent say where the observa-
tions of the Rev. Richard Butler of Trim are to
be found ? (See Answer to this Query, 1st S. xii.
G.
[The Rev. R. Butler's observations will be found in the
Numismatic Journal, vol. ii. p. 70. See also Dr. Aquilla
Smith's paper, "On the Irish Coins of Edward the
fourth, ' in the Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy,
vol. xix,, Dublin, 1843.]
THE ARMS OF GLASGOW.
(2nd S. i. 468.)
The salmon holding a gold ring in its month,
which forms a conspicuous figure in the armorial
bearings of the Church of Glasgow, is a comme-
moration of an incident related in Jocelin's Life
of St. Kentigern, cap. xxxvi. p. 273^ ap. Vitas
antiqua* SS. Scoto- Britannice, Lond. 1789, pub-
lished by Pinkerton. This saint is commonly
called St. Mungo.
The recovery of a lost ring, or other small ob-
ject, in this manner is attested by many ancient,
and even modern stories — by history, by legends,
by observation, and perhaps I might add without
any irreverence, by the account of the miracu-
lously found tribute money recorded bv St. Mat-
thew and by St. Mark. The classical reader will
at once remember what Herodotus has related of
the ring of Polycrates. The ancient Indian drama
of Sacontala has a similar incident.
In the Life of St. Kenny, Abbot of Aghaboe,
who lived in the same age with St. Kentigern,
there is a similar narrative. St. Kenny is related
to have fettered the feet of one of his disciples
(" alligavit pedes ejus compede ne vagus esset, et
clavern compedis ejus, S. Cainnicus project t in
mare"), and then to have thrown the key of the
feiter into the sea, between Ireland and Britain.
The legend then proceeds to tell how the disciple
remained thus fettered for seven years, and that
then St. Kenny, knowing what was to happen,
ordered him to depart from Wales, and to return
to Ireland, and there to make his abode in what-
ever place he should find the key of his fetter.
He accordingly went his way, and having arrived
in Leinster, and having met some fishermen on
the banks of the LifFey, he obtained from them a
large fish, within which he found the key of his
fetter. This I quote from the privately printed
Vita S. Cainnici, Dublin, 1851, cap. xv. The
editor in a note has adduced various incidents of
the same kind from several sources. Among them
are those of the ring of Polycrates; the miracle of
the tribute money; Sacontala's ring; the legend
of St. Kentigern ; the legend of St. Nennidh, re-
lated by Ariimchadh, one of the biographers of
St. Bridget (Colg. Trins, p. 559.) ; and the similar
story of St. Maughold, Bishop of Man, which is
told by Jocelin in the Life of St. Patrick, cap*
clii. (Colg. TV., p. 98.) But perhaps more in-
teresting are the facts which are enumerated from
modern history, such as the loss and recovery of
Sir Francis Anderson's ring, related by Brand in
his History of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, a valuable
topographical work, which the editor of the Life
of St. Kenny complains that he could not find in
any of the libraries of Dublin. He adds several
14
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2«a s. NO 27., JULY 5. '56.
other well-authenticated recent cases, among which
is one of a small pewfer flask, which had been
dropped accidentally overboard on the south-west
coast of Ireland, and having been subsequently
recovered in the stomach of a fish, was displayed
at a meeting of the Dublin Natural History So-
ciety, and subsequently presented to an inspector
of fisheries well known for his attention to ichthy-
ological studies. I should give the entire of the
annotation, which I could readily augment by
some more recent cases, only that the editor has
announced his intention to reprint the book for
publication in a series of similar hitherto unpub-
lished legends.
Besides this Dublin edition of the Vita S. Cain-
nici, there is another, but also privately printed,
the cost of which was entirely defrayed by the
late Marquis of Ormond, who munificently pre-
sented the copies to the Kilkenny Archaeological
Society. ARTERUS.
Dublin.
The fish and the ring in these arms refer to an
old legend in connection with St. Mungo, or
Kentigern, the founder of the see. A lady lost
her ring while crossing the Clyde, and her hus-
band thinking she had bestowed it upon some
favoured lover, became very jealous and angry.
In this dilemma she sought the advice of St.
Kentigern, who, after fervent devotions, asked
one who was fishing to bring him the first fish
he caught ; this was done, and in the mouth of the
fish was found the lady's lost ring, which being
restored to her husband, he was convinced of the
injustice of his suspicions. This device appears
on the seal of Bishop Wishart, of Glasgow, as
early as the reign of Edward II.
This legend of the fish and the ring, like many
others, is to be found in most countries : it is re-
lated in the pages of Herodotus and Pliny, and
occurs in the Koran ; one instance of it is re-
corded at Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and another
carved on a monument in Stepney Church.
Moule's beautiful and interesting volume on the
Heraldry of Fish notices the subject at length.
NORRIS DECK.
Cambridge.
A tradition given by Archbishop Spottiswoode
professes to explain the fish and the ring in these
arms :
" In the days of St. Kentigern, a lad}' having lost her
wedding-ring, it stirred up her husband's jealousy, to
allay which she applied to St. Kentigern, imploring his
help for the safety of her honour. Not long after, as St.
Kentigern walked by the river, he desired a person that
was fishing to bring him the first fish he could catch,
which was accordingly done, and from its mouth was
taken the lady's ring, which he immediately sent to her
to remove her husband's suspicion."
In confirmation of this Bishop Wishart's official
seal, as seen from the chartulary of Glasgow, in
1279, has been noticed. One compartment showed
the bishop seated, while before him knelt a person
holding a fish with a ring in its mouth. In the
middle division stood the king with a drawn sword
in his right hand, and on his left the queen
crowned, and having in her right hand a ring. The
bishop in his robes knelt praying, in the lower
compartment. The legend circumscribed was
" Rex furit, haec plorat, patet aurum dum sacer
orat."
If the Glaswegians of a former day had been
famous for their imaginative faculties, the follow-
ing lines by Dr. Main, once professor of the
theory and practice of physic in our University,
might be taken as expressive of the thoughts
which led them to fix on the present armorial
bearings :
" Salmo maris, terrseque arbor, avis aeris, urbi,
Promittunt, quicquid trina elementa ferunt:
Et campana, frequens celebret quod numinis aras *
Urbs, superesse Polo non peritura docet :
Neve quis dubitet sociari aeterna caducis,
Annulis id pignus conjugiale notat."
" As symboled here, the sea, the earth, the air,
Promise unto our town whate'er they bear.
To worship at the shrine the bell doth call,
Our queenly town, thus guarded shall ne'er fall.
Let no one 'doubt that thus are linked to heaven
The things of earth : the union pledge is given."
The derivation most generally accepted of the
word Glasgow is the Gaelic clais-ghu, a black or
dark ravine ; this name being given, it is supposed,
originally to a glen, on a little stream east of the
cathedral, in which St. Mungo set up his abode.
Another etymology is Eaglais-dhu, the black
church, i.e. church of Blackfriars; while Glas's
dhu, grey and black, points to a period also of
monkish rule. UNIVERSITATJS ALUMNUS.
Glasgow.
I have a copper coin or penny-token with these
arms on one side, and the motto "Let Glasgow
Flourish " around it. On the other side a river-
god, with "Clyde" inscribed on his urn, from which
a stream issues, and "Nunquam arescere MDCCXCI"
as motto ; but the remarkable point is that around
the edge, instead of milling, are the words " Cam-
bridge, Bedford, and Huntingdon x.x.x."
How can the occurrence of these words on a
Glasgow token be explained ? I took the coin as
change in a village shop in -Norfolk. E. G. R.
MUSICAL NOTATION.
(2nd S. i. 470.)
I have long intended to point out that in a case
of distress for want of musical type, it is perfectly
N» 27., JULYS. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
15
possible to contrive a system by which a composi-
tor who is used to mathematical printing may set
up any quantity of music in common letter. Has
no such thing ever been proposed ? At the end
of this Note will be found an opening movement
which the musician will easily recognise, taken
Treble G A B C
Bass GABCDEFGABCDEFga be
Here G in the treble means the G below the
lines, the lowest note of the violin ; equivalent to
g in the bass, the highest space between the lines.
Let ° ' " '", written below the note-letter, indi-
cate crotchet, quaver, semiquaver, and demi-semi-
raver : but the crotchet sign, when standing
ne, may be omitted. Thus, A0 or A is a
crotchet ; A, a quaver, Ax/ a semiquaver, &c. :
A0 / x/ is a note as long as a crotchet, quaver, and
semiquaver put together, represented in common
music by a crotchet followed by two dots. Let a
minim be denoted by two letters written close to-
gether, a semibreve by four. Thus GG GG would
Adagio.
from the first book of arrangements for the piano
forte that came to hand.
Let the notes be represented by their letters, as
follows, the equivalent notes of treble and bass
being written under one another i
DEFoABCDEFgabcdefpaftceZe/
d e fgabcdef.
represent two minims sounded consecutively. Also
GOO and G — G might be used to denote a minim,
when convenient.
Let a rest be denoted by I, or i, or i, as con-
venient, with the proper mark of time suffixed.
Let the sharp, flat, and natural be denoted by
a:, Z>, and n prefixed at the top : thus, aC is C sharp.
The double sharp may be denoted by xx, &c.
Let slurred notes be denoted by a line drawn
over them, and let the staccato sign be a dot above
or below the letter.
Let a pause be represented by a circumflex over
the note.
T
E
3c
F
C *F C C b,
D E/ y/ //y Dy/y D F Fy/ Ey; Dyy Kyy DD *D
B
T
E
// J
A I I C F F g
F F C C 1>
J
a i i 6a a a gy
A *A A A G
B,,,,,,g,,,go, F,
C C B
G G G
" /// ^ G C B C7 /y /y/ B/y/ C B D D/y Oy/ By/ Cy/ BB B
G GG EGG G G G GG G G0y G oy Gy
sf pp
g
Gy/y GG o c d ey y/ /yy dy/y c T f e c!0y
!/> /// Gy/y GG C E g cy H „, g//( E x G d c go, g, g, g,
C C B
G G G
fa PP
E a gyy Fyy Eyy Dyy
c c By ay gy Fy E' j i s" *F» s" F" g" a" b"
cres. />
B
C
g E d
cE g
C
g Ed
C Eg
Fy
c0 , *cy dy fy e *f jry ay gy Fy E g0 , Dy
C Fo y Fy go , "Fy Ey Dy C Eo y Gy
T
B
c' I/ J
// G", -Fyy G,', if G" A''
6E C
byy cy c a "EE Fy yy //y Dy//
Byy Cy A/ A bK CO Dy yy //y B//y
jQf/ p Attacca Sub.
E/
cy Iy *FF' gy
Ay ^FF oy c/y //y »eyyy gt gy gy gy
E/ // /// g,/, go , D
C/ // /// E/,/ EO / G
Various minor matters might be supplied : but
this is enough to show the practicability of giving,
in ordinary type, a representation from which a
translation info common musical notation might,
easily be made. Should any of your musical
readers find any passages which they think cannot
be printed in this way, I shall be obliged by their
transmitting them to you in ordinary style.
For vocal music in parts I feel pretty sure that
this notation would do to sing from : a hundred
glees might be sold for sixpence, words and all, if
the demand were sufficient. A. DE MORGAN.
QUERIES ON A TOUR.
(2nd S. i. 470.)
1 . Gatta Melata. — Le grand Diet. Geo. et Crit.
(pub. a la Haye, 1736), par La Martiniere, speak-
ing of Narni (which lies seven French leagues
south-west of Spoleto and fifteen north-east of
Rome), says :
" Narni (petite ville d'ltalie dans la terre des Sabins,
Province de 1'Ktat Eccle'siastique, sur la Riviere de Nera)
qui resista a toute la puissance d'Annibal, dans le tems
qu'il ravageoit 1'Italie."
16
KOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd S. NO 27., JULY 5. '56.
Further :
"Narni n'est pas feconde settlement en noblesse, elle
1'est encore en savans, et en grand capitaines. Sans comp-
ter 1'Empereur Nerva, elle a eu il n'y-a pas longtems,
le fameux Gattamelata, Central des Armies des Venitiens,
qui les cnnduisit avec tant de sagesse, de bravoure. et d* bon-
htur, qu'apres avoir rcmporte une infinite de victoires, ces
suptrbfs Republiguains lui firent elever une status de bronze
dans PadouS, cette ville celebre qu'il avoit prise, et unie au
Domaine de la Kepublique. Galeoto, Maxime Arcano,
Michel Ange Arrono, et une infinite d'autres, qui ont ho-
nore la re'publique des Lettres dans les 16e et 17e siecles
tftoient de Narni." References are given to Labal, Voy.
d1 Italic, torn. vii. p. 8fi., and Topograp. des Saints, p. 334. ;
but see also Zedler, Univ. Lex., Leipz. 1740.
2. Serraglia. — Albert! says :
" Se'rail, palais qn'habitent les Empereurs des Turcs, et
la partie du Palais du Grand Seigneur, nomrae le Harem,
ou les femmes sont renfertnees. II se dit encore de toutes
les femmes qui sont dans le serail, et de leur suite. Sera-
glio abusivement, une maison, ou quelqu'un tient des
femmes de plaisir — unebasse cnur, ou Con enferme des betes
furoitches."—The Dlz. della Ling. Ital, Bolog. 1824. (IVth
sign.)
" Serraglio, diciamo ancora al Luogo murato, dove si
tengono serrata le fiere, e gli animali venuti da' paesi
strani. Lat., vivarium ; Gr., £<oorpo<|>eioi'."
The Italians have evidently manufactured the
word seraglio from the Turk. J^, saray, the
primary signification of which is a house, hotel;
2, a palace. The Pers. has the same word for a
palace or inn. ' It also occurs in the Turk, and
Pers., ^y*5 ^\}J*-> karwdn-sardy, caravansary, a
place appointed for receiving and loading cara-
vans ; a kind of inn, where the caravans rest at
night, being a large square building, with a spacious
court in the middle. The primitive signification,
therefore, of saray is an oriental inn, which is
made up of four square walls, round which are
the rooms for travellers, the centre forming a
courtyard, and the sky the roof. Or it may be
thus : 1. a square building for travellers, an inn ;
2. a palace built, in such a form ; 3. that part of a
palace where the females are kept; 4. a house
where women are shut up ; 5. a building where
beasts are caged like women in a seraglio. But,
query, may not serraglia, serraglio, be from ser-
rdre, to shut up, hide, conceal, from Lat. serare,
to lock, shut.
3. St. Richard. — Chalmers (Biog. Diet., Lond.
1816) mentions a Richard (called sometimes Ar-
machanus and Fits-Ralph), Archbishop of Ar-
magh in the fourteenth century, whose opinions
so displeased the friars that they procured him to
be cited before Pope Innocent VI. at Avignon.
The age was not prepared to listen to him, and
the Pope decided in favour of the friars. He
died at Avignon, not without suspicion of poison,
1360. See also Fox's Book of Martyrs.
6. The Hoe. — The derivation given is pro-
bably correct. The word is also found spelt
hogh. Richardson derives it from Anglo-Saxon
heuh, and gives the following :
" That well can witnesse yet vnto this day
The westerne hoyh.
Spenser, F. Queene, b. 11. c. 10.
" AU doubtful to which party the victory would go,
Upon that lofty place at Plymouth called the Hoe
Those mighty wrestlers met."
Dray ton, Poly-OMon, 5. 1.
R. S. CHARNOCK.
St. Richard (2nd S. i. 470.) — Richard (de
Wyche) was born at Droitwich, in Worcester-
shire. Having pursued a course of studies at
Oxford, Paris, and Bologna, and so perfected him-
self in the canon law, he was appointed by Ed-
mund, Archbishop of Canterbury, his chancellor,
and was also appointed Chancellor of the Univer-
sity of Oxford. In 1245, he was elected (by the
chapter) Bishop of Chiche.ster, in opposition to an
unfit nominee of Henry III. And Richard's
election was confirmed, as it had been promoted,
by Pope Innocent. The Bishop died in 1253, at
Dover, in his fifty-seventh year, and was after-
wards canonised by Pope Urban IV., A.D. 1261.
MR. BOASB may find a brief account of " Bishop
Richard " in Parker's Calendar of the Anglican
Church, in Brady's Clavis Calendaria, in Cosin's
Notes on the Book of Common Prayer, or in Mant,
Wheatly, or any other annotator on the English
Calendar, wider the third of April, on which day
he died. J. SANSOM.
St. Richard was Bishop of Chichester, and died
at Dover, April 3, 1253, on which day he is still
commemorated in the English Calendar. He was
appointed bishop in opposition to the nominee of
Henry III., and it was only by the interference of
the pope that he was allowed, after two years' de-
privation, to take possession of his see, which he
presided over more than five years, dying at the
age of fifty-seven. His emblems, in reference to
various legends connected with him, too long for
insertion here, are a plough and a chalice.
NORRIS DECK.
Cambridge.
There is an account of a S. Richardus, rex apud
Anglo-Saxones in Britannia, to be found in torn, ii,
Febr. p. 69. of the Acta Sanctorum of Bollundus,
I should think that he is most probably the Saint
Richard mentioned by your correspondent MR.
BOASE.* 'AAjeuj.
Dublin.
[* For notices of St. Richard of the West Saxons, see
our l*t S. iv. 475. ; v. 418.]
2nd g. NO 27., JULY 6. >56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
17
WILLIAM CLAPPERTON.
(2nd S. i. 181.)
In a former number I was able to furnish some
particulars relative to this gentleman. I now
propose to make an addition to my previous com-
munication.
The late John Ring, Esq., surgeon, in London,
was jm excellent scholar and an enthusiastic ;id-
mirer of Virgil. Dissati.-fied with the previous trans-
lations, he published in 2 vols., 8vo., London, 1820,
a mosaic edition, partly original and partly altered
from the text of Dryden and Pitt. This having
fallen into Mr. Clapperton's hands, was anxiously
perused and greatly admired by him; so much so,
that he was induced to write to Mr. Ring. This
led to a correspondence, in the course of which
numerous faulty lines were pointed out and
amended by Clapperton. Ring felt much grati-
fied by the praise and assistance, of his correspon-
dent, and learning that his circumstances were
far from opulent, intimated a wish to recompense
him ; this the poet would not listen to, but agreed
to accept a portrait of his new friend, which was
sent without delay, in a handsome frame, and was
duly received by Mr. Clapperton, who placed the
honoured portrait in the most conspicuous place
in his apartment.
Mr. Ring died in Dec., 1821, an event which
retarded the projected new edition. Clapperton
nevertheless went on with his translations and
emendations, and in 1835 published, by subscrip-
tion, the ^Eneid, in two small volumes, 12mo.
There were copies, few in number, on large paper:
these are now very scarce. The Georgics were
not included in this edition, Mr. Clapperton being
of opinion that they required very little emenda-
tion, and in truth caring nothing about them.
I had forgotten the greater part of the above
legend, when my memory was refreshed by seeing
poor Clapperton's highly prized portrait of Ring
amongst various paintings exposed for sale by
Mr. Nisbet, in his far famed sale rooms in Edin-
burgh. For "Auld lang syne," and out of re-
spect to the memory of Ring and Clapperton, both
of whom were most excellent and worthy persons,
I^became, for a small consideration, the purchaser.
The painting is an excellent one, and I have no
doubt is very like Mr. Ring. It is not improbable
that some person connected with the deceased
gentleman can tell me who the painter was, or put
me in the way of obtaining that knowledge.
j!M. (2)
PHOT&GRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.
Photographic Portraits. — The Art of Photography is
it length taking its place beside that of engraving in the
publication of Portraits. We have several specimens
now before us. Dr. Diamond has been induced to issue
some of his Portraits of the Men of the Time ; and we
doubt not many an old King's College man will be glad
to have the opportunity of securing the admirable like-
ness which Dr. Diamond has produced of the Rev. Dr.
Major, the learned and excellent Master of King's Col-
lege School ; while the many friends who appreciate the
literary acquirements and social character of the Author
of The Handbook of London, will be no less delighted
with the genial and characteristic likeness of Mr. Peter
Cunningham, which Dr. Diamond has succeeded in
catching. These are separate publications But Messrs.
Maull & Polyblank have commenced a work of greater
pretension. It is entitled Photographic Portraits of Living
Celebrities; and appears monthly, each portrait being
accompanied by a Biographical" Memoir. The First
Number contains Professor Owen, and a more charac-
teristic portrait of the " Newton of Natural History "
cannot well be imagined. The Second Number furnishes
us with a portrait of Mr. Macdblay. The likeness is
satisfactory, thoughtful, and characteristic. As a por-
trait of the great historian silent, it is indeed admirable —
bu* is deficient in that animation which, when talking,
lights up the whole countenance of one who talks so well.
Hardwick's Photographic Chemistry. — This little vo-
lume, indispensable to every photographer, has been
thoroughly revised, and now appears in a third edition.
Everything has been omitted from it which does not
possess practical as well aa scientific interest. The
chapters on Photographic Printing have been entirely re-
written, and include the whole of the author's i-uportant
investigations on this subject. Lastly, Mr. Hardwick
has endeavoured as far as possible to recommend the em-
ployment of chemical agents which are used in medicine,
and vended by all druggists. How useful this may prove
can only be judged by those who have suffered from
practising photography in remote localities, far from tlie
reach of purely photographic chemicals.
to #Unor
Bishop J3utts (2nd S. i. 34.) — I observe in your
number for Jan. 12, an answer to the Query of
K. H. S. respecting Dr. Butts. This bishop was
not the only prelate slandered by Cole. Passing
by his calumnies, I inform K. H. S. that Bishop
Butts was the seventh child of Rev. W. Butts,
formerly rector of Hartest, Suffolk : that he was
not quite destitute of merit, as Cole asserts, may
be inferred from his brother clergymen having
elected him as their Convocation Proctor in 1727,
he being then rector of Chedburgh ; he was also
rector of Ickworth, lecturer of St. Mary's, Bury
St. Edmunds, and chaplain to George II. ; and
successively Dean of Norwich, Bishop of Nor-
wich, and Bishop of Ely. His first wife was not
a daughter of Dr. Eyton, but of Rev. A. Pycher,
formerly rector of Hawstead ; and he died, aged
sixty-three ; about which age Cole makes him
marry a second wife, which he certainly did, but
at a much earlier age. He was descended of an
ancient family, inheriting a property descending
through many generations from before the time of
Edward II. to James II., situated at Shouldham
Thorp, Norfolk, in the church of which place
18
NOTES AND QUERIES.
s. NO 27., JULY 5. '56.
are many monuments of the family. K. H. S.
may have any farther, particulars from
E. D. IB.
I enclose my address.
Henley-on-Thames (2nd S. i.454.) — J. S.£URN
has given so short a list of books which he has at
hand for a history of Henley, omitting some of
general information, that I would first refer him
to Hastings Past and Present, Lond. 1855, Append,
pp. i. Ixii., the last work I am acquainted with, as
giving a long list of works which have reference
to the locality it treats of. They cannot of course
be transferred at once to a Henley Past and Pre-
sent, but they will indicate sources of information
which he must have recourse to, more or less, if he
would do his work well.
For Henley in particular there may be men-
tioned, — »
Turner, Captain Samuel, A true Relation of a
late Skirmish at Henley-on-Thames, wherein a
great Defeat was given to the Redding Cavaliers,
4to., Lond. 1643. (There is a copy in the Bod-
leian.)
Gough's Sepulchral Monuments of Great Britain,
vol. i. plate 4. fig. 8., engraving of a cross.
The Gentleman s Magazine, vol. Iv. p. 931., and
vol. Ivi. pp. 45. 363., an account of Gainsborough,
brother to the painter, with his epitaph ; vol. Ixiii.
p. 716., and vol. Ixxxiii. part i. p. 716., church
notes ; vol. Ixxvii. p. 79., presentation of cup, &c.,
to T. Chapman for rescuing a child from drown-
ing; vol. Ixxxiii. part n. p. 183., discovery of mi-
neral spring. (The general index does not ex-
tend to the recent volumes.)
Henley Guide, earlier than 1827. (See Skel-
ton's Oxfordshire.")
Skelton, J., Engraved Illustrations of the Paro-
chial Antiquities of Oxfordshire, 4to., Oxford.
1823-7. There is a view of Henley Church, and
an interesting account of the town.
Ecclesiastical Antiquities of England, arranged
in Dioceses : Oxford, 8vo., J. H. and J. Parker,
Oxford. E. M.
Oxford.
In a note to the Coucher Book of Whalley, edited
for the Chetham Society by W. A. Hulton (p. 979.),
it is stated that Robert de Holland, elsewhere said
to have been first the secretary, and afterwards the
betrayer, of Thomas Earl of Lancaster, was be-
headed at Henley-on-Thames in 1328 ; and Dods-
worth, who alludes to the circumstance, says that
he owed his death to the hatred which his
treachery had excited against him, and that the
mob, who found him concealed in a wood near to
Henley-on-Thames, conducted him to that place,
and there put him to death. ANON.
Special Report from Committee of House of
Commons (2nd S. i. 461.) — The Committee of the
House of Commons referred to by '"N. E. was ap-
pointed Feb. 22, 1719 (House of Commons Journal,
p. 274. b.). The Committee reported March 18
(Id. p. 305. a.), and the House resolved that several
informations given before the Committee tending
to accuse the Attorney-General " of corrupt and
evil practices are malicious, false, scandalous, and
utterly groundless," the report and other papers
to be printed, and that Mr. Speaker do appoint
the printing of the said report (Id. 310. b.).
The Committee again reported April 27 (Journal,
p. 341.), and the House came to a resolution that
the subscribers having acted as corporate bodies
without legal authority, " and thereby drawn in
several unwary persons into unwarrantable under-
takings, the said practices manifestly tend to the
prejudice of the publick trade and commerce of
the kingdom ; " and a Bill was ordered " to re-
strain the extravagant and unwarrantable practice
of raising money by voluntary subscriptions for
carrying on projects dangerous to the trade and
subjects of this kingdom." And Mr. Secretary
Craggs, Mr. Walpole, Mr. Comptroller, Mr. Chan-
cellor of the Exchequer, do prepare and bring in
the same (Id. 351. a.). Mr. Lowndes was added
May 2 (Id. 353. b.). Parliament was prorogued
June 11.
The Reports are printed in the House of Com-
mons Journals. See Index to House of Commons
Journals, under " Projects." J. H. P.
There is a copy of this Report in the library of
Trinity College, Dublin, from which I shall have
pleasure in copying any extracts desired by N. E.
'AAteu£.
Dublin.
Writers bribed to Silence (2nd S. i. 471.)— -In-
formation has lately been sought in " N. & Q." for
any information respecting writers who may have
been bribed to silence. It would be equally
curious and interesting to trace the extent of
bribery in modifying or altogether changing a
journal's politics.
In 1816, the Journal de V Empire, an influential
French newspaper, published the following :
" We are assured the English Journal called The Courier,
has received 500,000 francs from the bankers of M. de
Blacas to write against France. At first 10,000 Louis
were offered to the Journalist ; but was seriously angry,
and protested that he was not a man to allow himself to
be corrupted for such a trifle."
William Mudford, author of half a dozen novels
now forgotten, and of several miscellaneous works,
including the greater part of the Border Antiqui-
ties of Scotland, generally regarded as the^sole off-
spring of Sir Walter Scott's brain, edited the
Courier at this period, and replied :
" Five hundred thousand francs, nearly 21,0007. sterling !
—The Paris Editor, at least, shows by the magnitude of
the sum of what importance he thinks our support of any
S. NO 27., JULY». '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
19
cause is. So far we are obliged to him, and we shall be
farther obliged to him to add, in the next journal he pub-
lishes after the receipt of our paper of to-day, that there
was not one word of truth in his assertion."
This contradiction was not regarded as conclu-
sive or satisfactory by many of the contemporary
prints. The Antigallican said :
" It is no easy matter to discover whether the charge
or reply be the more correct, but thus much we have
had an "opportunity of knowing, that the Governments of
France have had "English Journalists in their pay since
the Revolution. Indeed those persons who were in the
habit of reading the Courier last summer, must have seen
that that paper was not very friendly to the Bourbons ;
now, however, it is suddenly changed, as if touched with
a magic wand.
" Not long since a charge of a similar kind was pre-
ferred against a Morning Paper, viz. of 10,000/. having
been received by its proprietor from Blacas."
It would be curious to elicit accurate informa-
tion on this subject.
WILLIAM JOHN FITZ-PATRICK.
The Silver Greyhound (2nd S. i. 493.) — About
seventy years ago the king's messengers always
wore this badge when on duty, and it is one of
these officers whom Sir Walter Scott, in his tale
of " Aunt Margaret's Mirror," calls the man with
the silver greyhound on his sleeve. J. DE W.
Sir Edward Coke (1st S. iv. passim.) — The cor-
rect spelling of the surname of this great lawyer
is to be found in an " Epistle Dedicatorie " to him
of,-
"A Discourse of the Damned Art of Witchcraft, so
farre forth as it is revealed in the Scriptures, and manifest
by true experience. Framed and Delivered by Mr.
William Perkins, in his ordinarie course of Preaching,
&c. Printed by Cantrell Legge, Printer to the Univer-
sitie of Cambridge, 1613,"
namely, —
" To the Right Honourable Sir Edward Cooke, Knight,
Lord Chief Justice of his Majesties Court of Common
Pleas, Grace and Peace,'' &c.
The author discusses the subject of witchcraft
with considerable ingenuity, as it prevailed in
England at that date; and with a zealous sincerity,
in A Resolution to the Countryman, proving it
utterly unlawfull to buie or use our yearely Prog-
nostications, he endeavours to put down what had
been the almanacks in circulation. G. N.
Order of St. John of Jerusalem (2nd S. i. 197.
264. 461.) — To W. W., who informs me that " all
masonic degrees are separate and distinct," I beg
to reply that I am quite aware of this ; but they
are occasionally united in the same services, and
under the same laws and regulations. I gave two
instances, the latter being from a book of Laws
and Regulations, of which the first article provides
that the five orders of masonic knighthood in
be united under one general administration, and
subject to one code of laws. I need not repeat
the names of these five orders, having specified
them in a former communication. F. C. H.
Poniatowski Gems (2nd S. i. 471.) — About ten
or twelve years ago these gems were in the pos-
session of a gentleman named Tyrrell, then re-
siding in Craven Street, Strand, and he employed
an Irish scholar named Pendergast to compile a
Catalogue Eaisonnee of his treasure. At Mr.
Tyrrell's house I saw, I think, the whole work,
but certainly a part, in print. If it was completed,
and was published, otherwise than privately, I
need not, tell MR. GANTILLON that it will be found
at the British Museum. If it is not there on
either the one ground or the other, I think I
could possibly ascertain Mr. Tyrrell's address for
MR. GANTILLON. JAMES KNOWLES.
[We cannot find a copy of this Catalogue Eaisonnee in
the British Museum.]
The Image of Diana at Ephesus — Aerolite
Worship (2nd S. i. 410.) — I recollect once hear-
ing an eminent classic and D.D. of this University
assert as his opinion, that this image was formed
of a meteoric stone or aerolite. There is no
doubt that aerolite worship was common in the
East ; and that it is so still may be seen by the
following extracts from Lieut. Burton's Pilgri-
mage to El Medinah and Meccah :
" At Jagannath they worship a pyramidal black stone,
fabled to have fallen from heaven, or miraculously to
have presented itself on the place where the temple now
stands." — Vol. iii. p. 159.
" While kissing it (the celebrated black stone at
Meccah), and rubbing forehead and hands upon it, I nar-
rowly observed it, and came away persuaded that it is a
big aerolite." - Vol. iii. p. 210.
This would seem to favour the idea that the
image of the great Diana was composed of a
similar substance. I may add, that I have jn my
possession a perforated bead, probably Druidical,
evidently formed out of a meteoric stone.
NORRIS DECK.
Cambridge.
Black Letter (2nd S. i. 472.) — Though the
Query of A. L. B. is addressed to another tran-
scriber of black letter books, I may be permitted,
as one who has had much practice in that way, to
inform him that I find the best kind of pen for the
purpose to be one made from a swan's quill, with
a short slit and a very broad nib. There are
metal pens sold for the purpose, but they have the
great disadvantage of getting soon clogged up
with the fine powder which they scratch up from
the vellum. F. C. H.
Burning of Books (2nd S. i. 397.) — The greatest
Vandalism perpetrated in more modern times is
that of the Austrian Government, which, after the
battle of the Weisse Berg, 1621, sent a number of
20
NOTES AND QUERIES.
NO 27., JULY 5. '56.
commissioners (Jesuits) through the breadth and
length of Czechia, who, found, in almost every vil-
lage, piles of books, 'obnoxious to tyrannic and
bigoted rule, and had them consumed by fire.
Considering what flight Czechian literature had
taken shortly after the spreading of the Reforma-
tion,— Petrarca's Poewz.v, for instance, being first
translated into Czechian, — this atrocity struck a
fierce blow at the nascent literature of the great
Panslavic race. I saw once a copy of a huge
volume in fol. max. in the Czechian language, in
one of the villages of that country, printed also at
that period. I think it related to some geographi-
cal subject. As I do not believe that any book so
large had been then printed in any other part of
Europe, I would wi^h to learn the title. It must
especially have excited the attention of those
Jesuitic incendiaries. J. LOTSKY, Panslave.
15. Gower Street, London.
Medieval Parchment (1st S. vii. 155. 317.) —
I am desirous, with F. M., of knowing some means
of preventing parchment from crumpling when
moistened by the application of colour ; but, as I
cannot refer to the MSS. mentioned by E. G. B.,
I shall be much obliged to any one who will,
either through these columns or by letter, give
me the information I seek. JOHN P. STILWELL.
Dorking.
Isle of Man (2nd S. i. 454.) — To assist in de-
ciding this question I contribute a mite of informa-
tion culled from the pages of Heylin, Hearne's
Curious Discoveries, Mono, Antiqua restaurata, and
Campbell's Survey.
This island by Ptolemy is called Monceda, or the
further Mona, to distinguish it from that which
we call Anglesey or Mona. By Pliny it is called
Monabia or Monapia ; by Orosius and Beda Me-
navia ?> and by Gildas, an old British writer, Eu-
fionia. Mona, the name by which it w&s generally
known to the Romans (Campbell says), is evidently
no more than the softening of the British appella-
tion Mon, or Tir Mon, "the furthest land," the
ancient Britons calling it Manaiu Menaw, or more
properly main au, " the little island," the inhabit-
ants mailing and the English man.
It had a second name also, derived from its
being almost covered with wood : this was Inis
Touil, or as the moderns write it, Ynys Dywylh,
" the shady island ; " and from the Druids having
taken shelter there, a third, Ynys y Cedeirn, or
the " Land of Heroes." R. W. HACKWOOD.
Blood which will not wash out (2nd S. i. 374.) —
Has MR. COWPEB ever visited Holyrood, where
the stains of Rizzio's blood are shown on the floor
in the passage near the hack stairs, leading from
Queen Mary's room ? The legend runs that they
cannot be removed by soap, water, and a scrub-
bing brush. I am sufficient of an infidel to be-
lieve that no effort has ever been made to remove
them, and that, on the contrary, the stains have
been from time to time carefully renewed by
blood procured from some of the slaughter-houses
in " Auld Reekie." Apropos of this suVvject, was
it ever known that any two of the guides at Holy-
rood Palace could be found to agree as to the
exact number of stabs inflicted on Rizzio before
life was extinct ? I trow not. SCEPTIC.
Cow and Snuffers (2nd S. i. 372.) — Your cor-
respondent E. E. BYNG will find the " Cow and
Snuffers" mentioned in the Irish song of " Looney
MTwolter," introduced in an old farce, whose
author has escaped my memory :
" Judy's my darling, my kisses she suffers,
She's an heiress, that's clear,
For her father sells beer,
Och ! he keeps the sign of the Cow and the Snuffers,
Oh ! she's so smart,
From my heart
I can't bolt her;
Oh ! Whack ! Judy O'Flanagan,
She's the girl for Looney M'Twolter."
JUVERNA.
Punishment of dishonest Bakers (2nd S. i. 332.)
— Queen Elizabeth, by a charter in the forty-first
year of her reign, granted (inter alia) to the cor-
poration of Andover, Hants, power to make and
have, within their borough and hundred, the
assize and assay of bread, wine, and ale, and
other victuals, and to punish bakers and others
breaking the said assize ; " that is to say, to draw
such bakers and others offending against the said
assize upon hurdles through the streets of the
borough or town and hundred aforesaid, and to
otherwise chastise them in manner as in our city
of London is accustomed concerning such bakers
and other such like offenders." W. H. W. T.
Somerset House.
fiatice* ta
Owing to the number of articles of interest waiting for insertion we
have this week been compelled to omit our usual NOTES ON BOOKS.
A. Mi. Received. Many thanks.
D. B. Has. we think, not copied quite accurately some of the words. If
tie would entrust us wiHt the original document we should doubtless be
enabled to answer his question.
INDEX TO THE FIRST SERIES. As this is now published, and the im-
pression is a limited one, such of our readers as desire copies wo»ld do
well to intimate their wish to their respective booksellers » ithout delay.
Our publishers, MKSSRS. BBLL & DALDV, ivill forward copies by post on
receipt of a Post Office Order for Five Shillings.
"NOTES AI»D QUERIFS" is published at noon on Friday, so that tJie
Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and
deliver them to their Subscribers on the Saturday.
"NOTFS AND QPERIES" is also issued in Monthly Parts, for the con-
venience of those who may either have a difficulty in procuring the un-
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QtiERtEs " (including a very copious Index} is eleven shillings and four-
pence for sixjngnths, which may be paid by Post i
favour of the Publisher, MR. GEORGK
2nd g. N° 28., JULY 12. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
21
LONDON, SATURDAY, JULY 12, 1856.
POPIANA.
Colley Cibler turned out of the House of Lords.
Can any reader of " N. & Q." throw light upon the
incidents referred to in the following lines? They are
printed as a broadside on a single leaf, with the half-
penny stamp impressed upon it.
" Upon, the Poet Laureafs being expelled the House
of Lords.
« C r (the wonder of a brazen Age),
Always a Hero, off or on the stage,
The other day, in courtesy, affords
His lovely Phyz to grace the House of Lords ;
Quite free from pride, he humbly condescends
To treat the very smallest Peers, as Friends :
With sneer or grin approves each grave debate,
And smiles when Brother Dukes support the
State :
On the learn'd Bishops Bench, looks kind
enough,
And offers good Lord King a Pinch of Snuff.
Whilst thus he rains his Favours on the Crowd,
An old rough Earl his swift destruction vow'd ;
Regardless of th' Imperial Crown he wore,
Regardless of the Bays and Brains he bore,
A Voice as hoarse as Sutherland's gave Law,
And made the King, the Fop, The Bard with-
draw.
O C r, in revenge your wrath forbear,
This once your stupid, stingless satire spare
And with dull panegyrick daub each Peer :
Like rhyming Bellman's Ghost haunt their
abodes,
And frighten them with Birth or New Year
Odes.
If banished thence, you still may shine at
There P rs and Scoundrels equally resort ;
Unmatched in all, Superiors never fear ;
But since you'r Peerless scorn the name of Peer.
" London : Printed for J. Jenkins, near Ludgate.
Price (on stamped paper) 2^."
Is the incident on which this satire turns recorded by
any contemporary writer ? or is there any mention of it
in the Journals of the House of Lords ? C. L. S.
Portrait of Swift. — Faulkener printed an
edition of Dean Swift's Works in 1734. To the
volume which completes the set is prefixed a full~
length portrait of the Dean seated in a chair,
about to be crowned with laurels ; at his feet, in
supplicating attitudes, the daughters and children
of Ireland, and a table spread with coin, which
may be understood to be "Wood's Halfpence."
At the bottom there is the motto, —
" Exegi Monumentum ^Ere perennius."— Hor.
The plate seems to be a good likeness of the
Dean, and altogether a well executed subject.
No engraver's name appears on it. Query, Can
any of your correspondents inform me who he
was?
It has often struck me that the following, ex-
tracted from a Collection of Jests, printed at
Edinburgh by R. Fleming, 1753, may have some
relation to the plate, but I have never been able
to connect the two.
" On George Faulkener's promising to have the Dean of
St. Patrick's Effigies prefixed to the New Edition of his
Works, from a Copperplate done by Mr. Vertue.
" In a little dark room, at the back of his shop,
Where poets and criticks have din'd on a chop,
Poor Faulkner sat musing alone thus of late, —
' Two volumes are done — it is time for the plate ;
Yes, time to be sure. But on whom shall I call
To express the great Swift in a compass so small ?
Faith, Vertue shall do it — I'm pleas'd at the thought,
Be the cost what it will, the copper is bought.'
Apollo o'erheard, who, as some people guess,
Had a hand in the work, and corrected the press,
And pleas'd he replied, « Honest George, you are right,
This thought was my OAVII, howsoe'er you came b.v't ;
For tho' both the wit and the style is my gift,
'Tis Vertue alone can design us a Swift.' "
G.N.
Curll and the Westminster Scholars. — The fol-
lowing additional illustration of the satirical print
which forms the subject of a Query by GRIFFIN
(1st S. v. 585.), and which is rightly described by
S. WMSON (1st S. vi. 348.) as referring to an affair
between Curll and the boys of Westminster School,
seems worth making a note of. It is from The
Grub Street Journal, vol. i. p. 128. : —
" The following Copy of verses is taken from the Carmina
Quadragesimalia ( vol. i. p, 118.), to which a transla-
tion is subjoined : —
" An causae sint sibi invicem Causa? ? Affr.
" Authore invito, tenues mandare libellos,
Furtivis solitus Bibliopola typis,
Ultores pueros deceptus fraude maligna
Sensit ab excesso missus in Astra sago :
Nee satis hoc ; mensa late porrectus acerna
Supplicium rigidae fert puerile schola? :
Jam virgae impatiens pueris convitia fundit ;
Vicinique crepat jurgia nota fori.
Flagra minas misero extorquent repetita ; minasque
Quo magis ingeminat, vapulat ille magis.
" Whether Causes can be mutual ? Aff.
" Much had piratic Mun by pamphlets got,
For print he would, if authors would or not.
By vengeful boys decoyed, he takes ten flights
From blanket, loftier than from Grub Street Rights.
Nay more : stretch'd out at length on maple board,
Feels boyish pains in rigid schools abhorred,
Impatient of the rod, « Ye dogs uncivil,'
He cries, 'by I'll sue you to the devil.'
Lashes loud threats extort : in greater store,
The threats flie out, the wretch is lashed the more.
" Mr. Bavius objected against the impropriety of trans-
22
NOTES AND QUERIES.
S. NO 28., JULY 12. '56.
lating « late porrectus,' by < stretched out at length.' But
Mr. Maevius vindicated it by saying, that one of the
agents had assured birf that the patient was stretched
out at length, as well as in breadth ; and therefore the
translator, as well as the author, might chuse which he
pleased."
Let me add a Query : Where did Curll
" . . . th' oration print
Imperfect with false Latin in't?"
— the offence for which it is stated he was subjected
to such dishonourable treatment. M. N. S.
Warburton. — Among the books formerly be-
longing to Samuel Rogers, and now on sale by
AVillis and Sotheran, is a copy of Dr. Johnson's
Table Talk, 1785, " with the following severe verse
on Warburton written by Mr. Rogers on the fly-
leaf-."
" He is so proud that should he meet
The twelve Apostles in the street,
He'd turn his nose up at them all,
And thrust our Saviour from the wall."
Are these verses by Rogers, or merely copied
by him from some contemporary satire ? S. W.
DOUCE S MS. NOTES.
The following notes by this learned antiquary
are in a copy of R. Gaguin's Grandes Croniques,
fol., Par. 1514, which formerly belonged to him,
and is now in the Douce Collection in the Bod-
leian Library, Oxford.
" Gaguin's Gestes Romaines, printed by Verara, with-
out date, in folio. This is not the Gesta Romanorum, as
somewhere stated, but a compilation of the Roman history
down to the time of . At the end of his pro-
logue he speaks of the tournaments and 'joustes a, ou»
trance' that he had seen in England and in the court of
Burgundy. The work begins with Hasanibal's being
made emperor of the Cai'thaginians, and ends with Scipio's
triumph at Rome. Then follow various matters on he-
raldry, as the origin of Montjoye king-at-arms, manner
of electing an emperor, duke, viscount, &c., observations
on war, &c. ; account of justs in England and Burgundy,
&c."
"At the end of the Roman history is a large cut,
copied, I think, from some fine illumination of which I
have a drawing (from Rive's work, in outline). On the
left a Gothic chapel, on the outside arms of France on a
shield, inside a bishop anointing a kneeling and naked
person. This in front. Behind, a bishop baptizing a
child. On the right hand of the print, King Clovis put-
ting a Roman army to flight, CLOVIS ROY on his horse-
trappings. Behind, a hermit bringing a new shield with
three fleurs-de-lis, instead of the old arms on the king's
breast, viz. three * * * (?) On a hill the hermit
receives this shield from an angel, a bird attending with
the ampoulle in his mouth. In the back-ground pillars
with images on them (as in a large painting at Somerset
House of H. P. and Sowers) (?), and a king and queen
standing near them."
" On Kniyht Bannerets.
" Where a tenant has served long in war, and has land
enough to maintain fifty gentlemen, he may lawfully
raise his banner, and on the first battle he may bring a
pennon of his arms, and require of the constable or mar-
shal to be made banneret, which if granted, the trumpets
are to announce it, and then the tails of the pennon are to
be cut, in order to be carried with those of others either
above or below barons."
" Mode of ordering a Battle * par eschelles,' i. e. squadrons.
" The ceremony at the combat at lists is very curious.
The regulations "themselves, made by Thomas, Duke of
Gloucester, High Constable for Rich. II., are given: —
' Et si la dicte bataille est cause de traison, celluy qui est
vaincu et descomfit sera desarme dedans les lices, et par
le comandement du conestable sera mis en un cornet, et
en reprehencion de luy sera traisne hors avec chevaulx
du lieu mesme ou il est ainsi desarmi parmy les lices
jusques au lieu de justice ou sera decole ou pendu selon
lusaige des pays, la quelle chose appartient au mareschal
voir par fournir par son office et le mettre a execution.'
" N.B. — The hanging and beheading was confined to
cases of treason ; in a simple affair of arms the disabled
party was only disarmed and led out of lists.
" ;Ci finist les gestes romaines et les statuts et ordoi>
nances des heraulx darmes, translate de latin en francois
par maistre Robert Guaguin general de lordre des Ma-
turins.' — No date, but pr. by Ant. Verard in folio,, Brit.
Mus."
" Gaguin died at Paris in 1501. His history extends
to 1499.
" Gaguin entreprit un ouvrage qui dans onze livres
comprend 1'histoire de douze siecles. Rien ne manqua a
Gaguin que le genie pour etre un bon historien ; car ses
frequentes ambassades et les livres de la bibliothe'que de
Louis XII. lui procuroient tous les secours qui pouvoient
lui etre necessaires." — Carlencas, Hist, des Belles Lettrest
p. 326."
" See an excellent character of Gaguin in the Recreations
Historigues, tome ii. p. 184."
" See in Chevillier, Origine de Vimprimerie de Paris,
p. 157., an account of the dissatisfaction expressed by
Gaguin at the inaccuracy of the first edition of his work."
" See Meusel, Bill. Hist., torn. vii. p. 9."
" Gaguin was librarian to Louis XL, Charles VIII.,
and Louis XII."
W. D. M.
GENERAL LITERARY INDEX : — ALLEGIANCE, ETC.
(Continued from 2nd S. i. 487.)
" The Controversial Letters, or the Grand Controversie
concerning the Pope's Temporal Authority between two
English Gentlemen ; the one of the Church of England,
the other of Rome. 4to. London. 1673-75."
" History and Vindication of the Irish Remonstrance,
&c. 1661. Reprinted, fol. Lond., 1674.
" A Letter to the Catholics of England, &c. &c. &c.
By Father Peter Walsh. 8vo. Lond., 1674."
" England's Independency upon the Papal Power his-
torically and judicially stated, out of the Reports of Sir
John Davis and Sir Edw. Coke. By Sir John Pettus.
4to. Lond., 1674."
" Some Considerations of Present Concernment ; how
far Romanists may be trusted by Princes of another Per-
suasion. By Henry Dodwell. 8vo. 1675."
" A Seasonable Question, and an Useful Answer ; con-
tained in an Exchange of a Letter between a Parliament
Man in Cornwall and a Bencher of the Temple, London,
Lond., 167G."
" The Jesuits' Loyalty, in Three Tracts, written by
2** S. N° 28., JULY 12. '56.1 NOTES AND QUERIES.
them against the Oath of Allegiance, with the Reasons
of Penal Laws. 1677 ( ?)."
" Answer to Three Treatises published under the Title
of ' The Jesuits' Loyalty.' 4to. Lond., 1678."
" An Account of the Growth of Popery, and Arbitrary
Government in England ; more particularly from the
long Prorogation of Parliament of Nov. 1675, ending
the 15th Feb. 1676, till the last Meeting of Parliament,
the 16th of July, 1677. Fol. Lond., 1678. Reprinted
in 'State Tracts 'in 1689."
" Popery, or the Principles and Positions approved by
the Church of Rome (when really believed and practised),
are very dangerous to all, and to Protestant Kings and
Supreme Powers more especially pernicious and incon-
sistent with that Loyalty which (by the Law of Nature
and Scripture) is indispensably due to Supreme Powers.
By Thomas Barlow, Bishop of Lincoln. 4to. Lond.,
1679."
" Brutum Fulmen, or the Bull of Pius V. against Q.
Elizabeth, with Observations and Animadversions. By
the Same. 4to. Lond., 1681."
" The King- Killing Doctrine of the Jesuits, translated
from the French. By Peter Bellon. 4to. Lond., 1679."
" The Jesuits' Catechism according to St. Ignatius
Loyola for the Instructing and Strengthening of all those
which are weake in that Faith. Wherein the Impiety of
their Principles, Pernitiousness of their Doctrines, and
Iniquitv of their Practises are declared. 4to. Lond.,
1679." "
"The Jesuits Unmasked; or Politick Observations
upon the Ambitious Pretensions and Subtle Intreagues of
that Cunning Society. Presented to all High Powers
as a Seasonable Discourse at this Time. 4to. Lond.,
1679."
" Christian Loyalty ; or a Dyscourse, wherein is asserted
that just Royal Authority and Eminency, which in this
Church and Realm of England, is yielded to the King.
Especially concerning Supremacy in Causes Ecclesiastical.
Together with the Disclaiming all Foreign Jurisdiction ;
and the Unlawfulness of Subjects Taking Armes against
the King. By William Falkner. 8vo. Lond., 1679."
" An Exact Discovery of the Mystery of Iniquity as it
is now in practice among the Jesuits and other their
Emissaries. With a particular Account of their Anti-
christian and Devillish Policy. 4to. 1679."
" The Case put concerning the Succession of the D. of
York. With some Observations upon the Political Cate-
chism, the Appeal, &c., and Three or Four other Libels.
2nd edit, enlarged. [By Sir Roger L'Estrange.] Lond.,
1679."
" Seasonable Advice to all true Protestants in England
in this present Posture of Affairs. Discerning the pre-
sent Designs of the Papists, with other remarkable Things,
tending to the Peace of the Church, and the Security of
the Protestant Religion. By a Sincere Lover of his King
and Country. 4to. Lond., 1679."
" A Seasonable Memorial in some Historical Notes
upon the Liberties of the Press and Pulpit, with the
Effects of Popular Petitions, Tumults, Associations, Im-
postures, and disaffected Common Councils. To all good
Subjects and true Protestants. 4to. Lond., 1680." [By
Sir Roger L'Estrange, partly in favour of the succession of
the Duke of York]
" Three Great Questions concerning the Succession,
and the Danger of Popery. Fully examined in a Letter
to a Member of the present Parliament. 4to. 1680."
" The True Protestant Subject, or the Nature and
Rights of Sovereignty discussed and stated. Addressed
to the Good People of England. 4to. Lond., 1680."
" A Seasonable Address to both Houses of Parliament
concerning the Succession, the Fears of Popery, and Ar-
bitrary Government. 4to. 1681."
" A Conference about the next Succession to the Crown
of England. By R. Doleman. Reprinted, 1681."
" The Case of Protestants in England under a Popish
Prince, if any shall happen to wear the Imperial Crown.
4to. 1681."
" Loyalty asserted, in Vindication of the Oath of Al-
legiance. 8vo. 1681."
" A Dialogue between the Pope and a Phanatic con-
cerning Affairs in England. By a Hearty Lover of his
Prince and Country. 4to. Lond., 1681."'
" Ursa Major et Minor, shewing that there is no such
Fear as is factiously pretended of Popery and Arbitrary
Power. Lond., 1681."
" No Protestant Plot, or the present pretended Con-
spiracy of Protestants against the King and Government
discovered to be a Conspiracy of the Papists against the
King and his Protestant Subjects. (By Antony Ashley
Cooper, Earl of Shaftesbury.) 4to. Lond., 1681."
" A Letter to a Friend containing certain Observations
upon some Passages which have been published in a late
Libel, intituled, The Third Part of No Protestant Plot ;
and which do relate to the Kingdom of Ireland. 4to.
Lond., 1682."
" Last Efforts of Afflicted Innocence ; being an Account
of the Persecution of the Protestants of France, and a
Vindication of the Reformed Religion from the Aspersions
of Disloyalty and Rebellion charged on it by the Papists,
translated from the French by W. Vaughan. 1682."
" The Loyalty of Popish Principles examined in answer
to a late Book entitled ' Stafford's Memoirs.' By Robert
Hancock. 4to. Lond., 1682."
" The Judgment of an Anonymous Writer concerning
these following particulars : 1. A Law for Disabling a
Papist to Inherit, the Crown, &c. &c. The second edition,
4to. Lond. 1684."
This was first published in 1674 under a dif-
ferent title : see Biographia Britannica, Suppl.,
p. 95., n. D. Dr. Geo. Hickes was the writer.
" The Royal Apology, or Answer to the Rebel's Plea,
wherein the anti-monarchical Tenents, first published by
Doleman the Jesuit, to promote a Bill of Exclusion against
King James. Secondly, practised by Bradshaw and the
Regicides in the actual Murder of King Charles the 1st.
Thirdly, republished by Sidney and the Associators to
Depose and Murder his Present Majesty, are distinctly
considered. With a Parallel between Doleman, Brad-
shaw, Sidney, and other of the True Protestant Party.
4to. Lond., 1684."
Watt ascribes this work to Sir R. L'Estrange as
well as to Assheton.
" The Apostate Protestant. A Letter to a Friend, oc-
casioned by the late reprinting of a Jesuit's Book about
Succession to the Crown of England, pretended to have
been written by R. Doleman. By Edw. Pelling. 4to.
Lond., 1685."
The first edition was published in 1682. As-
cribed by Watt to Sir R. L'Estrange also.
" Remarks upon the reflections of the Author of Popery
misrepresented, &c., on his Answerer ; particular!}' as to
the deposing Doctrine, &c. &c. By Mr. Abednego Seller.
4to. 1086."
" Poperv anatomized ; or the Papists cleared from the
false Imputations of Idolatry and Rebellion. 4to. 1686."
"An Answer of a Minister of the Church of England to
a Seasonable and Important Question proposed to him by
a loyal and religious Member of the present House of
Commons, viz., What Respect ought the true Sons of the
Church of England in point of Conscience and Christian
24
NOTES AND QUERIES.
O* S. N° 28., JULY 12. '56.
Prudence to hear to the Religion of that Church, whereof
the King is a Member. 4to. Lond., 1687."
" How the Members 6f the Church of England ought
to behave themselves under a Roman Catholic King, with
reference to the Test and Penal Laws. By a Member of
the same-Church. 12mo. Lond., 1687."
" The True Test of the Jesuits, or the Spirit of that
Society disloyal to God, their King, and Neighbour. 4to.
Amsterdam, 1688."
" The Jesuits' Reasons Unreasonable. Or Doubts pro-
posed to the Jesuits upon their Paper presented to Seven
Persons of Honour for Non-Exception from the common
favour voted to Catholics. 4to. 1688."
" The True Spirit of Popery, or the treachery and
cruelty of the Papists exercised against Protestants in all.
ages and countries when Popery hath the upper hand.
4to. 1688."
" An Impartial Query for Protestants, viz. Can Good
come out of Galilee, or can a Popish Ruler propagate the
Reformed Religion. 4to. 1688."
" The Obligation resulting from the Oath of Supremacy
to assist and defend the Prerogative of the Dispensative
Power belonging- to the King. Fol. 1688."
"Allen's (Will, alias Col. Titus) Killing no Murder,
proving it lawful to kill a Tyrant. 4to. 1689."
" Ascham's (Anthony) Seasonable Discourse of what is
lawful during the Confusions and Revolutions of Go-
vernment. 4to. 1689."
First published in 1649.
"Brutus (Junius) Vindiciae contra Tyrannos; or, a
Defence of Liberty against Tyrants, or of the Prince over
the People, and of the People over the Prince, translated.
4to. 1689."
The translation was first published in 1648.
The original is by some ascribed to Hubert Lan-
guet, by others to Theodore Beza. It was trans-
lated by Walker, the presumed executioner of
Charles I.
" Sidney Redivivus, or the Opinion of the late Colonel
Sidney as to Civil Government. 4to. 1689."
See tracts relative to the Revolution in 1688.
BlBLIOTHECAR. CHETHAM.
SERJEANTS' RINGS: MR. JUSTICE PRICE.
I was in hopes this subject would have been
continued (vide 1st S. v. 563.), and that as correct
a list as could possibly be obtained from your nu-
merous correspondents would have appeared in
your valuable columns long ere this. As a small
contribution towards so desirable an object, I beg
to hand you the following motto selected by Robert
Price, Esq., of Foxley, co. Hereford, for his pre-
sentation rings on being made serjeant-at-law in
1702:
" Regina et Lege gaudet Britannia."
As a note to the foregoing, the following par-
ticulars of this excellent judge may not prove un-
interesting. He was made attorney-general for
South Wales in 1682, and elected an alderman of
the city of Hereford. Sat in the remarkable par-
liament of the same year when the Act of Exclu-
sion was brought in, against which he voted. In
1683, Recorder of Radnor. After the death of
Charles II., in 1684, was steward to her majesty
Catherine, the queen-dowager. Elected town
clerk for the city of Gloucester in 1685. King's
counsel at Ludlow, under James II., in 1686. In
1695, he strenuously and successfully opposed the
exorbitant grant which the king, William III.,
proposed to confer on his favourite, the Earl of
Portland. In 1702, was made one of the Barons
of the Exchequer ; in which Court he presided
nearly a quarter of a century. And on the death
of Mr. Justice Dormer in 1726, he succeeded him
in the Court of Common Pleas, where he presided
till his death, which took place at Kensington on
Feb. 2, 1732, in his seventy-ninth year. He was
buried at Yazor, in the county of Hereford.
What relation was he to the present Sir Robert
Price, Bart,, of Foxley in that county ?
J. B. WHITBORNE.
PLAT BY ST. PAUL'S BOYS AT GREENWICH, 1527.
In his recently-published History of England,
Mr, Froude makes an extract from an old MS.,
which he introduces in a manner that would lead
to the belief that it had never before been pub-
lished.
It had been used by Mr. Collier in the Amdls
of the Stage, and connected by him with the same
passage from Hall. With those unacquainted with
the fact, Mr. Froude's language might deprive
Mr. Collier of some of the praise that belongs
to him for the compilation of his extraordinary
book, which, while it is the evidence of his wonder-
ful industry, is also its best monument.
His History of England bears unmistakeable
evidence of truthfulness, but unfriendly critics
might say that in this case Mr, Froude has shown
a want of candour.
As I cannot think it such, I would place the
coincidence on record in " N. & Q.," that a future
misunderstanding may be avoided.
At p. 62. vol. i., Mr. Froude says :
<i As I desire in this chapter not only to relate what
were the habits of the people, but to illustrate them also,
within such compass as I can allow myself, I shall tran-
scribe out of Hall a description of a play which was acted
by the boys of St. Paul's School in 1527, at Greenwich,
adding some particulars, not mentioned by Hall, from
another source.* . . .
Here follows the passage from Hall, at the con-
clusion of which Mr. Froude continues :
" So far Hall relates the scene, but there was more in
the play than he remembered, or cared to notice, and /
am able to complete this curious picture of a pageant once
* The Personages, Dresses, and Properties of a Mystery
Play, acted at Greenwich, by Command of Henry VIII.
Rolls House MS.
S. NO 28., JULY 12. J56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
25
really and truly a living spectacle in the old Palace at
Greenwich, by an inventory of the dresses worn by the
boys, and a list of the dramatis persona.
" The schoolboys of St. Paul's were taken down the
river with the master in six boats, at the cost of a shilling
a boat ; the cost of the dresses and the other expenses
amounting in all to sixty-one shillings. The characters
were, —
" An orator in apparel of cloth of gold.
" Religio, Ecclesia, Veritas, like three widows, in gar-
ments of silk, and suits of lawn and cypress.
" Heresy and False Interpretation, like sisters of Bo-
hemia, apparelled in silk of divers colours.
" The heretic Luther, like a party friar in russet da-
mask and black taffety.
" Luther's wife, like a frow of Spiers in Almayn, m red
silk," &c.
At p. 107. vol. i. of the Annals of the Stage,
published five-and-twenty years ago, Mr. Collier
thus introduces the same passage :
"The original account by Richard Gibson, in his own
writing, giving a variety of' details regarding this extra-
ordinary exhibition, is now in my hands* ; and although
he was evidently an illiterate man, and wrote a bad hand,
and although the paper is considerably worm-eaten, the
•whole is legible and intelligible We after-
wards arrive at the following enumeration and description
of the singular characters in this remarkable interlude :
" The kyng's plessyer was that at the sayd revells by
clerks in the latyn long schoulld be playd in hys hy
presens a play, where of insewethe the naames. First a
Orratur in apparell of golld : a Poyed (Poet) in apparell
of cloothe of golld : Relygyun, Ecclesia, Verritas, lyke iij
nowessys (novices) in garments of syllke, and vayells of
laun and sypers (cypress) : Errysy (Heresy) Falls-inter-
prytacyun, Corupcyoscryptoriis, lyke ladys of Beem (Bo-
hemia ?) inperelld in garments of syllke of dyvers kolours :
the erry tyke Lewter (Luther) lyke a party freer (friar) in
russet damaske and blake taffata : Lewter's wyef (wife)
like a frow of Spyers in Allmayn, in red syllke, &c. &c. .
" It. payd by me Rychard Gybson, for vj boots (boats)
lo karry the Master of Powlls Skooll and the chyldyrn as
well hoom as to the Kourt to every boot I2d. ; so payd
for frayght for the chyldyrn 6s."
C.M.
Leicester.
ILLUSTRATIONS OF MACAULAY.
Unpublished Letter of Judge Jeffryes. — The
publication of Macaulay's History of England has
drawn much attention to the actors in the events
of the era of the Revolution. The following let-
ter was sent by this judge of infamous memory to
the Mayor of Preston, on the subject of the sur-
render of the municipal charter of that ancient
borough in the latter portion of the reign of
Charles II. The charter was regranted. It
would appear that the judge was an adept in the
" soft sawder " Line :
* The official copy of it, made out from Gibson's rough
draught, and signed by Sir Henry Guildford (as Comp*
troller of the Household) and by Gibson, is in the
Chapter-House, Westminster.
" I recd yours with an accompt of yor comunicating my
last to yor Brethren, and I am shure nothing I sayd
therein could be more pleasing to any of you then my
being in condicon to doe you any act of Service or ffriend-
ship is to me and as a Testimony of my Sincerity therein
I shall for ye pnt and as long as I live give you y« best
assistance I am capable off nor shall yor Corporation be
any wayes Injured in any of your priviledges if I can
prevent. In my last I hinted to you ye most pper time
for your attendance upon his Sacred Matie and shall
hasten ye Confirmation of your Chart1 with as much ease
both of Charge and Trouble as possible can be. His
Matie has again cdmanded me to take an especiall Care on
your behalf, and y* you may find ye efferts of his Gratious
acceptance of yor unanimous and loyall submission to his
Royall pleasure by his bounty in yo*r next Chart1, and so
I wish you and all your Brethren all happiness, and
remain, "
«Sr,
« Your most ffaithful ffriend and
" Oblidged serv*,
« GEO. JEFFRYES.
« London, Sept 29th, 84."
The superscription is, — •
"For
James Ashton, Esq., Mayor
of Preston att Preston in
Lancashere."
PRESTONIENS18.
The Crystal Palace and the Monuments of the
Templars and Freemasons of the Middle Ages. —
At a time when the very sinews of nations are
strained to erect buildings amongst heaps of
ledgers, cash-books, &c., we forget that those far
superior Minsters of the Middle Ages are owing
to a secret association, the Lodges and Bauhiitten
of whom had nothing at their command but en-
thusiasm and self-devotion to a great cause. Their
archives and banners (rouge, blanc, bleu !) vanished
with the men who possessed them ; still, they left
their mystical emblems on the stupendous edifices
of their creation. It was also the Knights Templars
who extorted from John Plantaganet the Magna
Charta — a possession far exceeding anything ob-
tained during the six hundred years following.
Such an order of men, and its imprints and monu-
ments, deserve a place in any art or architectural
collection, which lays claim to even comparative
completeness. There exists in a not large but
charming Templar church at Schdngrabern
(Grave-beauty !) in Austria, a series of alto-
relievos representing the very rites and mysteries
of the old Knights Templars, which Hammer has
figured in his Mines cT Orient. They are perfectly
well preserved, as the building lying somewhat
aside the high road escaped the ravages of bigoted
Vandalism. Models of these most curious rites
and mysteries, together with similar representa-
tions, probably existing on some ancient buildings
26
NOTES AND QUERIES.
o 28., JULY 12. '56.
of France, England, &c., would form an interest-
ing series, illustrating the history of those builders
and artists, whose works all our boasted but jejune
and formal skill has not yet surpassed.
P. S. The name of the sculptor under Goethe's
jouth-bust in the Crystal Palace ought to be*Trip-
pel and not Frippel. J. LOTSKY, Panslave.
Inscription. — In the Harl, MS. 6894. (p. 91.),
occurs the following ungallant couplet :
" On the atchievement of a marriect'Lady deceased at
Stanmore Magna, Middlesex :
" Satis mihi propitius est Deus,
Quod ego adhuc superstes sum."
" God has to me sufficiently been kind,
To take my wife, and leave me here behind."
J. Y.
Concert for Horses. —
" The eccentric Lord Holland of the reign of William
III. used to give his horses a weekly concert in a covered
gallery specially erected for the purpose. He maintained
that it cheered their hearts, and improved their temper,
and an eye-witness says that ' they seemed to be greatly
delighted therewith.' " — Stray Leaves from the Book of
Nature.
R. W. HACKWOOD.
Funeral Expenses. — Funeral expenses, 100
years ago, were very different from what they are
now. I give you two accounts of some Quaker
ancestors of mine, buried at that time : —
The funeral expenses of Edward Halsey, June
9, 1751, his wife executrix, as per bill, cost 37/.
He died in London, and buried at Wandsworth.
Twelve glass-coaches and six hackney coaches
followed.
The funeral expenses of John Smith, Esq., of
Stock well House, Surrey, July 23, 1757, cost
17/. 11*. Five glass-coaches followed, his son,
Daniel Smith, executor.
Mourning coaches were not allowed by Quakers,
neither black habiliments, but everything new was
put on at that time. JULIA R. BOCKETT.
Southcote Lodge.
" To call a spade a spade" — Some of your cor-
respondents are doubtless able to trace this ex-
pression, if not to its origin, to a much earlier
period than I am in the following writers.* Baxter,
in his Narrative of the most Memorable Passages
of his Life and Times, 1696, thus introduces it:
" I have a strong natural inclination to speak of every
subject just as it is, and to call a spade a spade, and verba
rebus optare, so as that the thing spoken of may befulliest
known by the words, which methinks is part of our
speaking truly. But I unfeignedly confess that it is
fault}', because imprudent."
This is the pnssage referred to by Mr. Blunt in
his posthumous work, Duties of the Parish Priest.
[* See our 1st S. iv. 274. 456.-, for some earlier instances
of the use of this saying.]
A later writer of a very different school to
Baxter — Dr. Arbuthnot — in his Dissertations
upon the Art of Selling Bargains, says :
" In the native region of our itinerant salesman, there
is an immemorial prescription for calling a spade a spade ;
they are not over curious in using circumlocutions or
other figurative modes of speech, but choose rather to ex-
press themselves in the most plain and proper words of
their Mother-Tongue."
Swift is quoted as using this expression, but I
have no reference to the particular passage in his
writings where it may be found.
Ray has given this amongst his Proverbial
Phrases, but without a comment. J. H. M.
Inscriptions on Houses. — In the village of Ax
mouth, Devon, the houses are for the most part
built of small stone or of cob ; but the chimney-
stacks are carefully constructed of cut stone, and
form the most elaborate and ornamented portion
of the edifice.
A few minutes' leisure enabled me to copy the
following inscriptions carved on the chimney tops,
and from a glance at the character of the farm-
houses visible from the road, I have no doubt
but that such records are characteristic of the dis-
trict. Any of your correspondents who may love
the secluded nooks where beauty nestles and an-
tiquity lingers, may find occupation here.
On a house whose windows are deeply embayed
in flourishing myrtle, is the following :
"ANNO BRITANNICO
ILLO
MlRABILIS,
1641."
On another at the entrance of the village :
« 1570.
GOD GIVETH ALL."
S. R. PATTISON.
1. Lincoln's Inn Fields.
Toledo Blades. — I send the marks and inscrip-
tions upon the few examples I possess of these
blades. On a flamboyant dagger of the seven-
teenth century :
•f + + + EN TOLEDO • + +
On faulchion of the sixteenth century :
• \ ' IVAN • \ ' MARTINES • * • EN • TOLEDO \ •
• \ IN TE DOMINE _' • ESPERAVI \ •.
On flamboyant rapier :
X EN TOLEDO X
and the figure of a heart.
On rapier : on one side
EE *N»T#O*L*E#D*O***
on the other
*
T#V*N*O*D*E»#*»
*
I have used Roman capitals, as it is not to be
S. NO 28., JULY 12. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
27
expected that "N". & Q." could reproduce the
semi-gothic forms of the original characters.
W. J. BEKNHARD SMITH.
Temple.
BAWSONS OF FRYSTON, YORKSHIRE, LONDON AND
ESSEX; ALURED OR AVEREY AS A CHRISTIAN
NAME ; SIR JOHN RAWSON PRIOR OF KILMAIN-
HAM AND AFTERWARDS VISCOUNT CLONTARFF.
(2nd S. i. 452.)
Since writing these Notes and Queries I have
found or been furnished with answers to some of
the latter, but first I must correct an error in my
Notes. The family name of Isabella, wife of
Richard Rawson, the sheriff of London in 1476,
was not Trafford, but Craford.
One of her sons, John, mentioned in her will
as a knight of Rhodes, bore two coats quarterly :
the first is, parted per fess undee, sa. and az. a
castle with 4 towers arg. (Rawson) ; the second
is, Or, on a chevron, vert, 3 ravens heads erased,
arg. (Craford), ensigned all over with a chief
gules, and thereon a cross of the third. (Gwillhn's
Display of Heraldry, p. 435.)
This Sir John Rawson was elected Prior of
Kilmainham in 1511, and by order of King Henry
VIII. was sworn of the Privy Council of Ireland.
In 1517 he was Lord Treasurer of that kingdom.
In 1526, on the request of King Henry VIII. to
the Grand Master, he was appointed Turcopolier
of the Order of Knights of St. John, which office
he exchanged with Sir John Babington for the dig-
nity of Prior of Ireland, and in 33rd Henry VIII.
he surrendered the Priory of Kilmainham to the
king, obtaining a pension of 500 marks out of the
estates of the hospital, and as he had sate in the
Irish House of Lords as Prior of Kilmainham, he
exchanged his spiritual dignity for a temporal
peerage, being created Viscount Clontarff. (Query
if for life only.)
This title became extinct in 1560; I presume
upon his death : but he is said to have left a
daughter, Catherine, married to Rowland Whyte,
second Baron of the Exchequer. (Notices of
Babingtons, Knts. of St. John, Gentleman's Mag.
for June, 1856, p. 564. Archdall's Monasticon
Hibernicum, title Kilmainham.)
The names of Alured and Averey are identical.
See "Charters of Marrigg Abbey" (Collectanea
Topographica et Genealogica, vol. v. p. 246. et
seq.) as to Alvered or Averye Uvedale.
Mr. Hunter in his History of the Deanery of
Doncaster, gives a pedigree of the Rawson s of
Bessacar Grange, from the Visitations of 1563,
1585, and ]612, wherein Henry Rawson of Bes-
sacar Grange, Averey Rawson, and Christopher
Rawson, appear to have been sons of James Raw-
son of Fryston ; and he says that Henry Rawson,
in his will, dated May 12, 1500, mentions his
brothers, Averey and Christopher Rawson, mer-
chants in London ; but Averey and Christopher
Rawson were undoubtedly sons of Richard Raw-
son, the sheriff, as appears from the wills of their
father and mother, and that of Christopher ; and,
therefore, unless there were two Avereys and two
Christophers merchants in London at the same
time, there must be an error in the pedigree;
and it is probable that Henry Rawson of Bessacar,
and his brothers, Averey and Christopher, sons of
Richard Rawson, were not sons, but nephews or
grandsons of James Rawson, of Fryston.
I am still desirous of knowing —
1. In what part of Essex the Crafords (not
Traffords) were seated.
2. The place of interment of Dr. Richard Raw-
son, Archdeacon of Essex, and Dean of Windsor,
ob. 1543, if any monument remains of him, and a
reference to his will.
3. The like as to Sir John Rawson, Prior of
Kilmainham, and afterwards Viscount Clontarff,
ob. (as I presume) 1560.
4. Any further particulars of him or his de-
scendants, through his daughter, Catherine, wife
of Rowland Whyte.
5. Was that Rowland Whyte the Sir Rowland
Whytt, mentioned in Mr. Winthrop's List of
Knights of St. John (A° 1528), in " N. & Q."
(1st S. viii. 192.) ; and Sir Rowland Whyte, men-
tioned in Gentleman's Magazine, June, 1856,
p. 569., as having been appointed, with Sir James
Babington to the commandery of Swinfield, Kent.
The arms of Sir John Rawson as given by Gwil-
lim, i.e. Rawson and Craford quarterly, ensigned
over with the Cross of the Order of St. John,
were in one of the windows of Swingfield church.
(Hasted's Kent, vol. viii. (8vo.) p. 125.) Was he
buried there ?
6. The connexion between the present fami-
lies of Rawsons in Yorkshire and Lancashire, and
those of Fryston, Bessacar, London, and Essex
before mentioned, through the Rawsons of Shipley
or otherwise. G. R. C.
SMITHS "HISTORY OF KERRY.
I have two copies of this work, now a rare
book : one being so beautifully clean, and in such
good condition, that I was tempted to secure it
either for myself or some friend. I have said
" copies," but they are not strictly so, — the title
of my old, but fine copy, being :
" The Antient and Present State of the County of
Kerry. Being a Natural, Civil, Ecclesiastical, Historical,
and Topographical Description thereof. Illustrated with
Remarks made on the Baronies, Parishes, Towns, Vil-
lages, Seats, Mountains, Rivers, Harbours, Bays, Roads,
Medicinal Waters, Fossils, Animals, and Vegetables;
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
[2«d S. NO 28., JULY 12. '56.
with useful Notes and Observations, on the further Im-
provement of this part of Ireland. Embellished with a
large Map of the Countv from an actual Survey ; a Per-
spective View of the Lake of Killarney, and other Plates.
Undertaken with the Approbation of the Physico-His-
torical Society. By Charles Smith, Author of the Natural
and Civil Histories of the Counties of Cork and Water-
ford." Then a Latin motto from Pliny, which it is not
here necessary to give, followed by — " Dublin: printed
for the Author, and sold by Messrs. Ewing, Faulkner,
Wilson, and Exshaw, MDCCLVI."
The title of my later purchase is —
" The Ancient and Present State of the County of
Kerry. Containing a Natural, Civil, Ecclesiastical, His-
torical and Topographical Description thereof. By Charles
Smith, M.D., Author of the Natural and Civil Histories
of the Counties of Cork and Waterford " Then the same
quotation from Pliny as- on the other title-page, after
which a vignette of the Irish harp, between two branches,
followed by — " Dublin : printed for the Author."
Facing this latter title is a portrait of " C. Smith,
M.D.," the author. The books are in all other
respects the same, except that the " contents' "
leaf is placed before the "dedication" in the copy
lately obtained ; but the paging settles this.
I have seen several copies of Smith's Kerry,
and I do not remember that any of them had the
portrait except two — my own and one other.
Can any one explain for me, why the title-pages
of my two copies are different ? and why one has
the portrait, which the other has not ? Has the
second title, above given (without date, as will
have been observed), been substituted for the
original one, and the portrait added by some
bookseller after the first publication of the work ?
R.H.
BIBCHS "LIVES.
Wishing to ascertain the relative value and
estimation of a particular edition of Birch's
Lives of Illustrious Men, with portraits by Hou-
braken and Vertue, I have consulted such biblio-
graphical works on the subject as were within my
reach, and am surprised to find them generally so
unsatisfactory.
Lowndes mentions the edit. Lond. 1743, 52 pi.,
two vols., saying that two hundred copies were
struck off on large paper, viz. one hundred before,
and one hundred after the small paper copies.
Also, that an edition, with retouched impressions
of the plates, appeared in 1813, on small and large
paper.
Dibdin, in his Library Companion, says that in
1743 came forth in one magnificent folio volume
Dr. Birch's Heads of Illustrious Persons, but does
not mention the second volume in 1752. In a
subsequent note he describes the edition of 1756 ;
he doubts as to there being three sorts of paper,
small, royal, and imperial, as noticed by Brunet.
Dr. Kippis, Biogr. Brit^ article " Birch," says
the first volume of this work, which came out in
numbers, was completed in 1747, and the second
in 1752.
Brunet gives the edition 1743-52, two torn, in
one. He calls the edition of 1756 the second
edition, in which the plates are generally chiffres,
which those of the first edition are not.
De Bure gives only the edition of London,
1756.
Now this appears a loose and imperfect account
of this celebrated publication, since none of these
bibliographers, except Dr. Kippis, appear to men-
tion the edition which I have before me, viz.
Lond. 1747, two Vols. in one, and which may
properly be considered as the second edition — as
far as relates to the letter-press — for that, no
doubt, as Dibdin mentions, was several times re-
printed, but the plates in my copy are, I conceive,
of the first impression.
I should be glad to receive a more precise and
full account of the several editions of this work,
and to learn whether there is any material differ-
ence between them in the estimation of book col*
lectors. E. G.
Jffitturr
Admission of Foreigners to Corporation Honours.
— A CITIZEN or EDINBURGH desires information on
the point as to whether a foreigner not natu-
ralised by Act of Parliament, or otherwise, can
receive the freedom of a city or other munici-
pality in this country. The question is suggested
by tne fact of the freedom of the city of Edin-
burgh having been conferred on Dr. D'Aubigne,
the historian of the Reformation, during a visit
made to Scotland recently by that distinguished
and estimable man.
Crests and Mottoes. — The subjoined extract,
from the National Index to the Harl. Mis. (vol. ii.
p. 43.), suggests a question not undeserving the
attention of your correspondents versed in he*
raldry :
" Num. 1422., art. 16. Arms (mostly without crests)
given in the time of Henry 5 ; and since, in the reigns of
Henry 6^, Edward 4th, Richard 3rd, Henry 7, and Henry
8«s &c. &c,"
Without assuming or denying the fact, that
occasionally arms were granted during the period
of those reigns without crests, it is but a reason-
able question to ask why many coats do not pos-
sess the usual, and frequently the most significant
additions of a crest ?
The same Query may be extended to the motto,
or rather the omission of a cherished sentence or
abbreviated allusion to some event sought to be
recorded, and interesting to the bearer's family.
The omission, in both instances, is not to be
doubted ; but, whether station in society, merit,
services, or pecuniary considerations bad any in-
2nd g. NO 28., JULY 12. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
29
fluence on the matter, is the question to which an
explanatory reply is requested.
HENRY DAVENEY.
Christian Names. — What is the meaning of the
practice which prevails in the United States, of
inserting between a man's Christian name and
surname a letter of the alphabet ? ^ Is this part of
his baptismal name, and the initial of a second
Christian name, or the name itself? It seems
that in our own country a letter may be, and
sometimes is, a good name of baptism. In the
case of The Queen v. Dale, 17 Queen's Bench
Reports^ p. 66., Lord Campbell, C. J., said, with
reference to an objection that the name of a
person mentioned in a declaration was not stated
in full :
« I do not see that there is any reason for supposing
that the magistrate's actual name is not ' J. H. Harper.'
There is no doubt that a vowel may be a good Christian
name ; why not a consonant ? I have been informed by
a gentleman of the bar, sitting here, on whose accuracy
we can rely, that he knows a lady who was baptized by
the name of ' D.' Why may not a gentleman as well be
baptized by a consonant? "
F»
Medal of Charles I. and Henrietta Maria. — • I
have in my possession an oval silver medal, with
the head of Charles I. on one side, and on the
other that of Henrietta his queen. This medal is
said to have been made from the plate melted up
by the nobility and gentry for the king's service,
and to have been worn as a badge of loyalty. It
has a small ring at each end, as if to sew it on to
the hat or coat. Can any of the readers of " N.
& Q." give me any information respecting it ?
G. H. C. (A Subscriber.)
Passports. — In the case of the present dis-
turbed state of feeling betwixt this country and
the United States, the word passports occurs. It
may be worth while to inquire what this means,
and whether it is not a mere meaningless term,
borrowed from another and different domestic
policy than obtains in the one case and the other.
In Russia of France, for example, a passport is
necessary in order that one may be entitled to
enter the country, and I assume the same autho-
risation is necessary in leaving. But in the United
Kingdom and in the States, locomotion is free to
everybody whatever, not detained in a regular
way as a criminal or debtor. What is free to a
private party is certainly no less the right of an
ambassador. Still, as the word passports is used,
I would be glad if some of your correspondents
would explain what it means in the specific case
indicated. SCOTUS.
Greek and Queen Elizabeth. — Hallam (citing
Peck's Desiderata Curiosa, p. 270.) notes it as a
mark of the revival of the English Universities,
that at Cambridge an address was delivered to
Elizabeth in Greek verse, to which she returned
an answer in the same language. This was in
1564. Is this account a mistaken tradition of the
following, or are we to say that two Greek ad-
dresses are on record ?
To a small edition (London, 1669, 12mo.) of
the Parcenesis of Isocrates is appended (without
date) a speech in Greek made to Queen Elizabeth
at Trinity College by Doddington, the Greek
Professor. It is added that there might not be
too many fly- leaves ; as appears by the heading,
" Ne post terminum immodica esset vacatio, en tibi"
The speech follows, in Greek and Latin ; after
which comes a Latin address, informing the Queen
that her humble servants are ready to repeat in
Latin what had just been said in Greek. To this
she answered : " Ego intelligo, non est opus, 'Aw-
yiv&ffKoi V/J.WV T)\V efootavi " unless indeed the Latin
be the editor's translation of the Queen's Greek,
in which case she must be supposed to have spoken
very satirically of their kind offer to translate.
JM.
Norfolk Clergymen suspended. — It is commonly
believed in various parts of Norfolk that some
years ago, in that county, a clergyman was sus-
pended from exercising the functions of his office
for having in the pulpit offered to bet upon a
certain black dog which had unluckily and pro-
fanely selected the holy edifice for a ring in which
to fijjht a pitched battle with another of the canine
species of some other colour. The tale is exceed-
ingly improbable, and is rendered more so by
the fact, that to my knowledge at least a dozen
clergymen in different parishes have received the
benefit of having this profane act attributed to
them ; but as I have not unfrequently come in
contact with persons who declare that the circum-
stance came under their own personal observation,
I should be glad if some of your Norfolk corre-
spondents would inform me whether there is any
small moiety of truth in the report, or whether it
is an entire fabrication belonging to the domain
of myths, being, to use a Norfolk expression,
" made out of whole stuff."
G. SEXTON, M.D., F.R.G.S.
Kennington Cross.
Remote Traditions through few Links. —
" In the fifteenth century King James I. (of Scotland)
met with an old lady who remembered Wallace and
Bruce, and he inquired eagerly about their personal ap-
pearance. She told him that Bruce was a man of noble,
admirable appearance, and that no man of his day could
compete with him in strength. But she added, that so
far as Bruce excelled all the other men of his time, so far
did Wallace excel Bruce in strength."
The preceding extract is from a speech by Sheriff
Bell at a meeting at Stirling for a monument to
the memory of Sir W. Wallace, reported in The
Times, June 30, 1856.
Probably some of your correspondents will be
30
NOTES AND QUERIES. r>i s. NO 28., JULY 12. '56.
able to give Sheriff Bell's authority for the state-
ment, as well as the " old lady's " name, age, and
history. I do not remember her being quoted in
your interesting collection of remote traditions
through few intermediate links. R C.
Davis the Almanac Maker. — In my wander-
ings among the churches and churchyards of our
merry England, in the autumn of last year, I paid
a short visit to the parish of Priors Marston, in
the county of Warwick, where the village school-
master was my. cicerone ; and, finding I was in
search of the curious, he called my attention to
an inscription on a flat stone between the high
pews in a side aisle, which, from the darkness of
the place, would have escaped my observation ;
but here it is :
"In Memory of
MR. RICHARD DAVIS,
An Eminent Scholar*,
Could make Almanacks,
Who died 10* Ocf, 1793,
Aged 85 years.
The stone-mason appears to have committed a
most grievous error in cutting the inscription, by
the omission of that which was evidently the most
important portion of it ; for the line " * Could
make Almanacks" is cut at the foot of the stone,
with an asterisk at the end of " Scholar" pointing
thereto, which omission, if not duly corrected,
would probably have consigned the reputation of
the deceased in this curious art to oblivion. As
it is not so long since this venerable gentleman
was gathered to his fathers, it may be hoped that
some of your correspondents may be able to give
us an account of his life, and whether he really
was the maker of any of the Almanacs of the
period in which he lived. J. B. WHITBORNE.
"Chimara" — Can nny of your readers name
the author of a short poem, in four stanzas, called
" The ChiniEera," the first stanza of which I sub-
join ? It was copied, several years ago, from a
novel, the title of which was not preserved :
" I dreamed one morn a waking dream,
Brighter than slumbers are,
Of wandering where the planets gleam,
Like an unsphered star.
Round a Chimaera's yielding neck
With grasping hands I clung ;
No need of spur, no fear of check,
Those fields of air among."
STYLITES.
" Rebukes for Sin" —
" Rebukes for Sin by God's Burning Anger : by the
Burning of London : by the Burning of the World : by
the Burning of the Wicked in Hell -Fire. To which is
added, A Short Discourse of Heart-Fixedness, as a Means
against Perplexing Fears in Times of Danger : occasioned
by the General Distractions of the Present Times. By
T. D. London : printed, and are to be sold by Dorman
Newman, at the Chyrurgeons' Arms in Little Britain,
67."
near the Hospital, 1C
Who was T. D. ?
ANON.
dhtertetf font!)
John Hollybush. — I shall be much obliged by
any one informing me, through your pages, who
was Jhon Hollybush. I have a folio, bound up
with my Turner's Herbal and Battles in England,
bearing this title :
" A most Excellent and Perfecte Homish Apothecarye,
or homely Physicke Booke, for all the Grefes and Disea'ses
of the Bodye. Translated out of the Almaine Speche in
English, by Jhon Hollybush. Imprinted at Collen, bv
Arnold Birckman, in the yeare of our Lord 1561."
Miles Coverdale translated the New Testament
out of the Latin, and it was published in 1538
(2nd edit.), and its title-page states it is " fayth-
fullye translated by Johan Hollybushe." Had
Coverdale anything to do with translating the
Homish Apothecarye ? G. W. J.
[John Hollybushe was an assistant of James Nichol-
son, printer in Southwark, who seems afterwards to have
settled at Cologne. Tt is quite certain that Coverdale had
nothing to do with the publication of the Homish Apothe-
carye. The history of the edition of the New Testament
bearing the name of Hollybushe is somewhat curious. In
the early part of 1538 Nicholson proposed to print Cover-
dale's translation and the Vulgate in parallel columns ;
and previously to the bishop setting off for Paris, he had
written a dedication to Henry VIII., trusting to Nichol-
son's care for the correcting of the press. When the book
came out it was so incorrectly executed that the bishop
immediately disowned it, and brought out at Paris, in
December, 1538, a more correct edition. In his dedi-
cation to Lord Cromwell he says, "Truth it is that this
last Lent I did, with all humbleness, direct an epistle
unto the King's most noble Grace, trusting that the book,
whereunto it was prefixed, should afterwards have been
as well correct as other books be. And because I could
not be present myself, by the reason of sundry notable
impediments, therefore inasmuch as the New Testament,
which I had set forth in English before, doth so agree
with the Latin, I was heartily well content that the Latin
and it should be together: Provided alway that the cor-
rector should follow the true copy of the Latin in any
wise, and to keep the true and right English of the same.
And so doing, I was content to set my name to it: and
even so I did ; trusting that though I were absent and out
of the land, yet all should be well. And, as God is my
record, I knew none other, till this last July, that it was
my chance here in these parts, at a stranger's hand, to
come by a copy of the said print : which, when I had
perused, I found that as it was disagreeable to my former
translation in English, so was not the true copy of the
Latin observed, neither the English so correspondent to
the same as it ought to be : but in manv places both base,
insensible, and clean contrary, not only to the phrase of
our language, but also from the understanding of the text
in Latin." (Gov. State Papers, vol. i. p. 591.) Nichol-
son the printer, wishing in some way to cover the loss he
had incurred, printed another edition, which was stated
in the title to be "Faythfullye translated by Jhon Holly-
bushe," to distinguish it from the previous edition. See
the Rev. Henry Walter's First Letter to the Bishop of
Peterborough, p. 31.; and Anderson's Annals of the En-
glish Bible, vol. ii. p. 36.]
Murdiston v. Millar. — In an article on dogs in
Chambers's Miscellany, vol. i., and also in Sir
Walter Scott's notes to St. Jlonans Well, men-
2«<i S. N» 28., JULY 12.
NOTES AND QUERIES.
31
tion is made of a Scotch cause or trial, under the
name of " Murdiston v. Millar, in which a witness
gives some interesting evidence respecting the in-
stincts of animals, particularly of sheep. Is this
trial published ? and where can it be obtained ?
STYLITES.
[A lengthened notice of the, celebrated case of Murdis-
ton and Millar is given in BlackwoocTs Magazine, vol. ii.
p. 83., but without any intimation where the trial itself
is to be found.]
Grace Cups. — Wb&t is the origin of "Grace
Cups ?" and where is any account to be found of
the one formerly possessed by Thomas a Becket ?
H. L. K.
[The pncuhnn charitatis, wassail-bowl, and grace-cup,
for promoting brotherly love, may be traced to the classi-
cal cup of the Greeks and Romans, called ayaflov Saifxovo?,
or boni genii, each of whom at their feasts invoked this
supposed deity at the time of drinking. The custom of
wassailing, or drinking healths, however, seems to have
been of German origin, and introduced into this country by
our Saxon ancestors ( Verstegan's Restitution of Decayed
Intelligence}. William of Malmesbury, describing the cus-
toms of Glastonbury soon after the Conquest, says, that
on particular days the monks had " Medonem in justis et
vinum in charitatem," Mead in their cans, and wine in
the grace-cup. The ivory cup, set in gold, popularly
called "The Grace-cup of St. Thomas k Becket," was for-
merly in the Arundelian Collection, and is now possessed
by Henry Howard, Esq.. of Corby Castle, to whom it was
presented by Bernard Edward, Duke of Norfolk. The in-
scription round the cup is "VINUM TUUM BIBTC CUM
GAUDIO," Drink thy wine with joy; but round the lid,
deeply engraved, is" the restraining injunction, " SOBRII
ESTOTE," with the initials " T. B." interlaced with a mitre.
Round the neck of the top is the name " GOD * FERARE."
It is engraved in the Antiquarian Repertory, vol. iii.
p. 179., and in Antiquarian Gleanings, by W. B. Scott, of
Newcastle. Mr John Gough Nichols (Pilgrimages to
Saint .Mary of Walsingham, p. 229.) says, that " this cup
was attributed to Becket from its bearing the initials
T. B. under a mitre ; but modern skill in archaeological
chronology has reduced it to a very different aera, for it
is really of the early part of the sixteenth century." See
also"N. &Q."l8tS. i. 142.]
" How Commentators," frc. — Whence is the quo-
tation :
" How commentators each dark passage shun,
And hold their farthing candles to the sun."
D.
[See Dr. Edward Young's Poems, Satire vn. line 97.]
Quotation wanted : " Knowledge and Wisdom" —
I should be greatly obliged to any of your corre-
spondents who would inform me where the fol-
lowing passage is to be found ?
" Knowledge and Wisdom, far from being one,
Have oft times no connection :
The curious hand of Knowledge doth but pick
Bare simples. Wisdom pounds them for the sick.
In my affliction, Knowledge apprehends
Who is the author, what the cause and ends ;
To rest contented here is but to bring
Clouds without rain, and summer without spring," &c.
J. R. W.
[The first two lines are from Cowper's Task, book vi.
Francis Quarles is a claimant for what fol-
lines 88,
lows.]
MARRIOT THE GREAT EATEB.
(2nd S. ii. 6.)
The readers of John Dunton's Life who have
made a note of MR. CUNNINGHAM'S communication
will, no doubt, think it worth while to add the
following particulars.
I have before me a copy of a little tract en-
titled :
The Grays Inn Greedy- Gut, or the surprising
Adventures of Mr. Marriott, the famous ^glutton,
with his receipts for many choice dishes. Glasgow :
Printed by William Duncan, and sold at his shop
at Gibson's Land, Mercat Cross, 1750.
This is little better than a chap-book, and its
contents are derived entirely from a 4to. tract of
forty or fifty closely-printed pages, a copy of which
is in the (old) Collection of King's Pamphlets in
the British Museum. Marriot having again be-
come a character of interest, I give the title at full
length :
The Great Eater of Grayes Inne, or the life
of Mr. Marriot the cormorant. Wherein is set
forth, all the Exploits and Actions by him per-
formed ; with many pleasant Stories of his Travells
into Kent and other places. Also, a rare physicall
dispensatory, being the manner how he makes his
Cordiatt Broaths, Pills, Purgations, Julips, and
Vomits, to keep his Body in temper, and free from
Surfeits. By G. F. Gent. London: W. Rey-
boulde, 1652.
This consists of a number,, of chapters devoted
to stories of his surprising feats of eating. It
is evidently written by some enemy of the Gray's
Inn Lawyer, for most of the anecdotes related
are not by any means flattering. In addition to
the sin of gormandising, we learn that Marriot
was apt to entertain himself rather at the ex-
pense of an unhappy friend or client than at
his own ; and if G. F. were not a slanderer, his
hero even at times carried his meanness to the
pitch of secreting some portions of the feast in his
sleeve, or in a bag which he carried with him.
In the " character " addressed to the reader the
author says :
" He loves Cook and Kitchin not so much for their law
as for their names' sake, and at Bacon his mouth waters."
And we have the following sketch of his exterior :
" He walks the street like Pontius Pilate in robes of
purple, but not like Dives in fine linen, for he holds shirts
unnecessary, and his cloaths are so ornamented with
patches, that many are buried alive in them,"
32
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2«4 S. NO 28., JULY 12. '56.
The Gray's Inn Glutton may be well supposed
to have been annoyed by this publication, but
about the same time appeared, probably by the
same hand, another 4to. tract, entitled :
The English Mountebank : or, a Physical Dis-
pensatory, wherein is prescribed, many strange and
Excellent Receits of Mr. Marriot, the Great Eater
of Grays Inn, 6fc. With sundry Directions, 1. How
to make his Cordial Broath. 2. His pills to appease
hunger. 3. His strange Purgation ; never before
practised by any Doctor in England. 4. The
manner and reason why he swallows bullets and
stones. 5. How he orders his Baked Meat, or rare
Dish on Sundays. 6. How to make his new fashion
Fish-Broath. 7. How to make his Sallet for cool-
ing of the Blond. 8. How to make his new Dish,
called a Frigazee ; the operation whereof expels all
Sadness and Melancholy. By J. Marriot, of Grays
Inn, Gent. London: G. Norton, 1652.
Prefixed to this we have a full-length portrait
of Marriot, holding in one hand a large substance
of pumpkin shape, which I take, from the text>
to represent one of his "pills;" while on his arm
hang three sheep's heads, and Seven large hearts
of some animal — no doubt his usual dinner al-
lowance. Out of his mouth issue the words,
"Behold the wonder of the age!" From the
spirit of this tract it is evident that the author's
motive was not honestly the advancement of the
culinary art : for old Marriot, whose name he im-
pudently affixes to it, figures in it in a manner
still farther calculated to irritate him. Let us
take as a specimen : —
" How to make his pills to appease hunger, ordinarily car*
ried about him ; —
" Take of rye meal 9 pound, of Chandler's graves
3 pound, of the Skimmings of honey one pound ; warm
water as much as will make it into Paste; then roll them
up into a dozen balls ; then put them into some boiling
broath, till they be thorough boiled; then set them to
cool : but beware that the dogs do not deceive you of
them, as they have done him oftentimes. The chief use
of these pills is for travelling ; for Mr. Marriot carried
always a dozen to Westminster in the Term time for
fear of fasting. His ordinary place for eating them was
in the dark place neer the Common Pleas Treasury ;
Avhere one might see him swallow these pills, as easily as
an ordinary man would do a gilt pill in the pap of an
apple."
How many of these characteristics of old Mar-
riot, the great eater, were really true, or how far
they were the invention of G. F. Gent, for the
gratification of private animosity, the world will
now probably never know. These attacks were
not, howevef , allowed to pass unnoticed. Your bon
vivant, rascal or not, is rarely without some friends
who think him a "good fellow ;" and it is therefore
not surprising that an answer to G. F. appeared
about two months afterwards (if I can trust the
manuscript notes on the copies before me) in a
tract bearing the following title : — •
A Letter to Mr. Marriot from a friend of his :
wherein His Name is redeemed from that Detrac-
tion G. F. Gent, hath indeavoured to fasten upon
him, by a Scandalous and Defamatory Libett, in-
tituled " The Great Eater of Grayes Inn, or, The
Life of Mr. Marriot the Cormorant," Sec. London :
Printed for the Friends of Mr. Marriot^ 1652
CftJ
To this we have another full-length portrait of
old Marriot, besides a picture of G. F., Gent., on
his knees, and performing an act of homage and
apology towards the unbreeched and injured law-
yer, not to be described in the pages of " N. & Q."
It is only fair to the memory of our hero to hear
what his friend can say in his favour. He ad-
dresses him thus :
" Had I not known you myself, as well as by the
report of your neighbours, a common easiness of credulity
might have carried me on to believe a late publisht pam-
phlet, pretended to be the True History of your Life, for
the author assures the Reader he set down "nothing, but
what hath truly been acted by you ; whereas indeed 'tis
nothing else but a mere libell of his scandal and defama-
tion, spun out to a great length without one syllable of
wit or honesty, whereof he sufficiently accuses himself by
shrouding his name under the covert of two letters, and
thereby securing his person from that punishment the
law hath provided for him ; the injury of fastening upon,
your name so vile a detraction, and presenting you a
derision to posterity, is of so high a nature that it exceeds
any satisfaction such an abject vermin can give, neither
can I find out a better expedient for your reparation than
by letting the world know what you are indeed: and
this I shall do as an equal friend to you and the truth.
" That you are a gown-man and a most ancient member
of the Honourable Society of Grayes Inne now resident,
the Book of Entrance can witness, having been a Student
and Professor of the Law above 47 years. For your
abilities and knowledge of the law, and for your easy fees,
your Clients do very much commend you. For your
private way of life, you have given it a Geometrical pro-
portion, squaring your mind and fortune with equal lines
to a fit subserviency of Nature's requisites in food and
rayment. For your Society you have made choice of
honest men, not despising the meanest, whereby you have
stood firm in these Nationall Hurricanes, which have
blown down the lofty and ambitious, and for your general
deportment it hath been so fair and clear, that I never
yet heard you had wronged any man."
Mr. Marriot's friend goes on to predict that the
slanderous G. F. will have his due reward, and
concludes thus :
" In the interim let him stand to the publike view in
that becoming posture the frontispiece presents him, as
destined by charity to repentance."
Can all this be true ; and can it be that the al-
lusion of John Dunton, and the verses of Cotton,
and the republication a hundred years after by the
Glasgow bookseller, are all acts of injustice done to
the memory of an upright and temperate lawyer,
who was driven out of the world in twelve months
by the unrelenting persecution of G. F. ? Such
a case of "giving a bad name" would probably be
not without parallel in the memory of any thought-
2nd S. NO 28., JULY 12. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
33
ful investigator of the historian's materials. Had
Harriot lived in Pope's days, I fear that fifty
" Letters from a friend of his " would not have
saved him from infamy ; and " Darty and his ham
pie," an allusion in some obscure pamphlet, might
only have remained to puzzle Mr. J. B. Nichols
or his commentators. W. MOT THOMAS,
In the last edition of Granger's Biographical
History, four portraits of Marriot are mentioned
with a brief notice of him taken from the follow-
ing, which is contained in Gaulfield's Remarkable
Persons, vol. iii. p. 225. :
" Harriot was a lawyer of Gray's Tnn, who piqued him-
self upon the brutal qualifications of a voracious appetite,
and a powerful digestive faculty, and deserves to be
placed no higher in the scale of beings than a cormorant
or an ostrich. He increased his natural capacity for food
by art and application ; and had as much vanity in eating
to excess, as any monk had in starving himself. See two
copies of verses upon him among the works of Charles
Cotton, Esq. Great eaters are common in all ages, but
the greatest eater on record is described by Taj'lor the
water-poet, in his works, under the title of ' The Great
Eater, or Part of the admirable Teeth and Stomach Ex-
ploits of Nicholas Wood* of Harrisom, in the County of
Kent ; his excessive manner of eating without Manners,
in strange and true Manner described, by John Tailor."— -
Works, edit. 1630, page 142,
JOHN I. DREDGE.
COOPER'S PORTRAIT OF CROMWELL.
(1st S. xii. 205., &c.)
I beg to subjoin a few extracts and remarks
relating to Samuel Cooper's miniature of Crom-
well, and other relevant matters ; which may not
be devoid of interest to your correspondent CES-,
TRIENSIS, and perhaps enable him to infer the pre-
sent locus in quo of one or more of the portraits
of which he is in search. I transcribe the fol-
lowing passage from a well-compiled book of
anecdote :
" Robert Walker, a portrait painter, contemporary
with Vandyke, was most remarkable for being the prin-
cipal painter employed by Cromwell, whose picture he
drew more than once. One of those portraits represented
him with a gold chain about his neck, to which was ap-
pended a gold medal with three crowns, the arms of
Sweden and a pearl, sent to him by Christina in return
for his picture by Cooper, on which Milton wrote a Latin
Epigram. This head by Walker is in possession of
Lord Mountford at Horseth, in Cambridgeshire, and was
given to a former lord by Mr. Commissary Greaves, who
found it in an inn in that county. Another piece con-
tained Cromwell and Lambert together ; this was in Lord
Bradford's collection. A third was purchased for the
great Duke, whose agent having orders to procure one,
and meeting with this in the hands of a female relation
of the Protector, offered to purchase it ; but being refused,
and continuing his solicitation, to put him off, she asked
500/., and was paid it."— The Arts and Artists, &cc., by
James Elmes, vol. i. p. 41.
Mr. Sarsfield Taylor, in his Origin, Progress,
grc., of the Fine Arts in Or eat Britain and Ire-
land (2 vols. 8vo., 1841), omits to mention Cooper,
but speaks of Walker as being the principal artist
during the Protectorate :
" He became eventually Cromwell's chief artist, and
painted his portrait several times. Cromwell made pre-
sents of these heads : one was sent to Christina, Queen of
Sweden, in return for a gold chain and medal sent to
Oliver by that extraordinary woman ; others he gave to
Col. Cooke, to Speaker Lenthall, &c. Walker was a
clever portrait painter, with original feeling ; his colour-
ing was very good, and his pencil, though free, was
careful." — Vol. i. p. 352.
Walpole, speaking of Cooper's portrait, appa-
rently from actual observation, says :
" This fine head is in the possession of Lady Frankland,
widow of Sir Thomas, a descendant of Cromwell. The
body is unfinished. Vertue engraved it, as he did an-
other in profile, in the collection of the Duke of Devon-
shire."— Anec. of Painting, Straw. Hill edit., vol. iii. p. 61.
Cooper was a miniature painter, and probably
painted more than one head of the Protector. I
think it probable that it was one of these, rather
than a portrait by Walker, which was transmitted
to Christina, not only on account of its greater
portability and fitness for a present, but because
Cooper himself (according to some, or his elder
brother Alexander, according to Barry, — see his
edition of Pilkingtons Dictionary, 4to., 1798), had
at one time held the appointment of miniature
painter to Christina.
Cooper also painted a portrait of Milton ; and
this, Bryan informs us, was recently discovered,
and is now in the possession of the Duke of Buc-
cleugh.
For this portrait of Cromwell, Cooper was
offered 150/. by the French king ; which offer he
refused (Cunningham's Pilkingtori).
Voltaire speaks of the transmission of a por-
trait to Christina ; without, however, mentioning
the name of the artist. In an article on Crom-
well, in the Diet. Philosophique, he says :
" Lorsqu'il eut outrage tous les rois en fesant couper
la tete & son roi le'gitime, et qu'il commenca lui-meme k
re'gner, il envoya son portrait & une tete couronne'e;
c'e'tait a la reine de Suede, Christine. Marvell, farneux
poete anglais, qui fesait fort bien des vers latins, accom-
pagna ce portrait de six vers oil il fait parler Cromwell
lui-menie. Cromwell corrigea les deux derniers, qui
voici :
" * At tibi submittit frontem reverentior umbra,
Non sunt hi vultus, regibus usque truces/
" Le sens hardi de ce six vers peut se rendre ainsi : —
" ' Les armes a la main j'ai deTendu les lois ;
D'un peuple audacieux j'ai venge' la querelle.
Regardez sans fremir cette image fidele ;
Mon front n'est pas toujours Tepouvante des rois.' "
It will be observed that Voltaire ascribes this
epigram to Marvell. Newton and Birch attri-
bute it to Milton ; but Dr. Warton, in his edition
of Milton's Minor Poems (8vo., London, 1791,
which only wants an index to render it one of the
34
NOTES AND QUERIES.
28., JuLtl2. '56.
most valuable, as it is one of the most interesting
books in the language), though including it in the
Epigrammatum Liber, inclines to the belief that it
is the production of Marvell ; in the various edi-
tions of whose works it is to be found, preceded
by a distich, apparently written before the ulti-
mate destination of the portrait was known.
While upon the subject, I may as well transcribe
each : —
" In Effigiem Oliveri Cromwell.
" Haec est quae toties INIMICOS Umbra fugavit,
At sub qua GIVES Otia lenta terunt."
u In eandem, Regince Suecias transmissam.
u Bellipotens virgo, Septem Regina Trionum,
Christina, Arctoi lucida Stella Poli !
Cernis, quas merui dura sub Casside Rugas,
Sicque Senex Armis impiger Ora tero :
Invia fatorum dum per Vestigia nitor,
Exequor et Populi fortia jussa manu.
Ast tibi submittit frontem reverentior Umbra:
Nee sunt hi Vultus regibus usque truces."
I may add to these desultory remarks, that I
have in my possession a plaster mask, purporting
to be that of Cromwell's face after death. I was
informed moreover that the mould from which
it was made was taken surreptitiously from a cast
preserved in the Tower of London. Is there such
a relic ? WILLIAM BATES.
CALVARY.
(2nd S. i. 374. 440.)
There is nothing said in Scripture about any
Mount Calvary. " The present church, the keys
of which have been the cause, ex concesso^ of
enormous blood-shedding the last two years," has
not the shadow of a foundation for its claim. It
could not have been the place of the Crucifixion.
Paul the apostle says, Heb. xiii. 12., "Where-
fore Jesus also suffered without the gate: " but the
site at present pointed out is not without the ancient
fortifications of Jerusalem ; it could not therefore
have been the place of our Lord's death.
Some writers, retaining the erroneous idea that
the place must have been on a hill-top, have fixed
on the w Hill of Evil Counsel " as the probable
scene of the Crucifixion, but no satisfactory rea-
sons are assigned. The apostle in the verse pre-
vious to that I have quoted says, " For the bodies
of those beasts, whose blood is brought into the
sanctuary by the high priest for sin, are burned
without the camp. Wherefore Jesus also," &c.
Reference to the following passages will show the
ground for the declaration that the sin offerings
were burned outside of the camp, Exod. xxix. 14.;
Lev. i. 11., iv. 12. 21., vi. II., and viii. 17.
Doubtless when the Temple service was es-
tablished at Jerusalem, the sin offerings were
burned in some one particular spot outside the
city. In that place would be found many uncon-
sumed remains of the larger bones of the sacrifices,
especially of the skulls of the victims. Hence the
place would most appropriately be called Golgotha
Calvary — The place of a skull. Now it is a fair
inference from the apostle's writing, that where
the typical sin offerings were consumed, in that
identical place the great antitype himself expired.
It only remains to inquire if Scripture indicates
the precise quarter of the compass in which the
burnt sacrifice was to be slain. This has hitherto
been most unaccountably overlooked : but in Le-
viticus, chap. i. v. 11., we read, " And he shall kill
it on the side of the altar northward before the
Lord." Who will doubt but that our Blessed Lord
suffered on the north side of Jerusalem ? If he did
not, then in this particular, and in this only, did
he fail to fulfil to the letter all that was shadowed
forth in Jewish rites and ceremonies. It is clear,
too, that the place must have been convenient for
a large concourse of persons, and that it must
have been close to a high road. Matt, xxvii. 39.,
" And they that passed by reviled him, wagging
their heads."
The scene of the Crucifixion, then, must have
been on the north side of Jerusalem, by the side
of the road leading to Shechem, or Sychar, now
Nablous ; a road, then as now, the one great high-
way leading to the Holy City.
The sacred spot was probably in a shallow valley
on the road to Nablous, a short distance beyond
the Tombs of the Kings.
The Royal ^viour thus in His death lay very
near to David, his kingly ancestor.
I think it will be found that my argument
throws some light on that difficult conclusion of
Ezekiel, as in chap. xl. 44., xli. 11., xlii. 1., xlvi.
19., &c. &c.
I will not apologise for a paper of such a nature
as the present ; for if unacceptable, you would not
have introduced the Query which gave rise to it.
I do fear, however, that I have somewhat exceeded
the proper limit, and my excuse shall be that I
have discussed the most important and interesting
subject which topography affords. S. EVEESHBD.
Brighton.
THE OLD HUNDREDTH, BY WHOM COMPOSED.
(2nd S. i. 494.)
Mr. Latrobe, in his Introduction to the last
edition of that valuable collection of chorales, the
Moravian Tune Book (Mallalieu, Hatton Garden,
1854), says :
"That the so-called 'Old Hundredth' was really com-
posed by Claude Goudimel, and was probably unknown
to Luther and his immediate contemporaries, seems now
to be generally admitted. Fine as it is, and deservedly a
favourite, especially in this country, it will not be less
valued by British Protestants when they are informed
that the author was one of the victims of Popish persecu-
2*« S. NO 28., JULY 12. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
35
tion, having perished at Lyons in the Massacre of St.
Bartholomew, in the year 1572." — P. 13.
And it is added, in a note in p. 14. :
" The Rev. W. Havergal, in his Old Church Psalmody,
states that it was first published in England in Day's
Psalter, A.D. 1563. Handel's belief, to which he alludes,
that Luther composed the tune, is not a little singular ;
inasmuch as it is found in none of the collections published
by that great Reformer, and, in point of fact, the melody
is to this day but little known or used in the Lutheran
Churches."
These two facts seem to render the notion that
Luther composed it quite untenable.
Goudimel was music-director at Lyons, and
appears to have been a musical co-adjutor of
Theodore Beza and Clement Marot in the adap-
tation of the Psalms to congregational use. The
tune in question was originally composed, and is
to this day sung in the Reformed Churches of
France and Switzerland, not to the 100th, but
to the 134th psalm (Latrobe's Introd., p. 31.).
A corrupt version of the latter part of the
melody is getting into very general use. Assum-
ing the key to be G, the last strain is often given
thus : D B G A B C A G : but it ought to be,
DEGA.CSAG. The latter is the form in
most, if not in all, of the old collections of psalmody
in common use^ and is adopted in the Moravian
book. Mr. Latrobe says it " is evidently the
original one " (Introd., p. 31.). I can produce as
authorities two ancient copies : one from the
Psalms of the Reformed Churches of France, and
the other from an old copy of Sternhold and
Hopkins, in both of which this is the reading found.
There is another matter connected with the
tune, to which perhaps I may be allowed to call
attention, and that is the funereal pace at which it
is usually sung. The psalms to which it has been
specially appropriated, the 100th and 134th, are
not penitential, but joyful and jubilant ; and
assuming either that it was, as Mr. Latrobe says,
first composed to the latter psalm, or that the
appropriation was in accordance with some early
tradition, we may infer that the composer did not
intend the tune to be sung in a heavy, drawling,
and doleful manner, as we often hear it now. It
evidently was not regarded as a mournful or even
as a grave tune in the time of Tate and Brady : for
in the " Directions" annexed to their version, it
is said that psalms of what we now call long
metre, " if psalms of praise or cheerfulness^ may
properly be sung as the old 100th psalm."
J. W. PHILLIPS.
Haverfordwest.
^ This tune is not of Lutheran, but Huguenot ori-
gin; it has been ascribed to Luther, and this mistake
arose from the circumstance that one of Luther's
tunes commences with the same phrase as that of the
Old Hundredth. Whoever might have composed
the Old Hundredth, it is manifest he made it from
this tune of Luther ; but it was not the work of
any German, because the tune does not appear
in the early editions of Luther's Chorals, nor do
the Germans themselves ascribe it to Luther.
Luther's first book appeared in 1519, and I ima-
gine (I am writing from recollection only) that
the Old Hundredth did not appear in Germany
for nearly forty years after this period. The
earliest printed copy we know appears with the
harmony of Goudimel, and in the French rhythm,
thus:
— Iv^^wwl— — I —
Such rhythm is adverse to the supposition of a
Lutheran origin. Those of your readers who
may wish to compare Luther's tune with the Old
Hundredth will find both in Bach's Choralge-
sange (Becker's edition), the former to the hymn
"Nun lob mein Seel den Herren," in pp. 8. 13.
67. 155. and 171. ; the latter to the hymn " Herr
Gott dich loben alle wir," in pp. 164. and 191.
The Old Hundredth does not appear in the
earliest editions of the Psalter by Sternhold and
Hopkins. The tunes that therein appear are all
of foreign manufacture. The tunes which subse-
quently enlarged that collection, and of English
manufacture, bear the name of some cathedral
city, or some English town of importance. The
Old Hundredth, having no English name, is
clearly a foreign importation, and not the com-
position of any Anglican organist. It has been
ascribed to Dowland, but Dowland was only the
author of the four-part harmony. The Tudor
harmonists affixed their names to the " common
tunes," as they were called, as an announcement
that they composed the choir harmonies, but they
intended no more by such application of the name.
We exceedingly dislike the tune, and it never would
have attained its popularity in England had it not
been constantly used to the psalm sung at the
Holy Eucharist ; its application to the Hundredth
Psalm was a remove, and hence its more general
adoption as the metrical Jubilate of the Pro-
testants in this country. As a jubilate, however,
it is the most melancholy of all joyful ditties.
H. J. G.
Michael Este in his collection published 1592,
ascribes this psalm tune to his contemporary,
John Dowland ; so that if there is any truth in
its French origin, Dowland must have borrowed
it. J. C. J.
NOTES ON REGIMENTS.
(2nd S. i. 422.)
The skull and cross bones on the Lancers' caps is a
species of rather indifferent rebus. MR. MACKEN-
ZIE WALCOTT will find that over the device in ques-
36
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd s. N« 28., JULY 12. '5G.
tion, which is to be read " Death," are the words
" Victory or." 1 have seen a still more clumsy
design engraved on the brass traps in gun-stocks
of a Volunteer Rifle corps of the last century, viz.
the skull and cross bones followed by the words
" comes swiftly." W. J. BBRNHARD SMITH.
Temple.
I am told that the 57th regiment, from its
courage at Albuera, earned the name of " Die
Hards ; " and the 28th, from their conduct in
Egypt, received the privilege of wearing the regi-
mental plate before and behind the shako ; being
hard pressed by the enemy they presented a double
face, the word having been given " Rear rank,
right about face ! " The 9th were called in the
Peninsula ' 'The Holy Boys," from a sale of
Bibles which they held. The Duke of Athol's
Highlanders carry the significant motto " Firth,
forth, and fill the fetters ! " (in Gaelic.)
MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A.
"The 28th" is the regiment who wear the
plate in front and at the back of their shako.
I think that in Egypt this corps, drawn up
" two deep," were charged in front and rear
by the French cavalry ; and the colonel of the
gallant 28th gave the word " Rear rank, right
about face ! " " fire a volley ! " which sent the
enemy flying. Upon the Queen's birthday, in-
spection, and other gala days, "the 22nd" wear
in their caps a sprig of oak, and a branch of the
same is tied on the colours. The tradition in the
corps is, that in the retreat after the battle of
Dettingen, George II. was rescued from imminent
danger by a company of the regiment. In " The
23rd Royal Welsh Fusileers," the officers wear a
black silk bag with three tails at the back of their
coats. This is still the custom of the corps, and
I suppose that the origin is derived from some
sort of wig.
I have heard somewhere of "The 5th Fusi-
leers," whose plumes are tipped with red, and who
were called " The Bloody Fifth," that this sobri-
quet was given in consequence of the men dipping
their worsted plumes in the enemy's blood at one
of the Peninsular battles.
"The 69th" are very proud of their facings,
which are the true Lincoln green in colour.
CENTURION.
" Springers " is the name given to the 62nd re-
giment. When at the battle of New Orleans a
regiment considered themselves to be ill-supported,
the men exclaimed, "This would not have been
if the Springers had been here with us." This
was told me by a serjeant, who also added, " We
did not like the American war : it seemed a cruel
thin» to be killing men speaking our own lan-
guage." T. F.
In the Army and Militia Almanac for 1856,
edited by J. Stocqueler, Esq., published by Web-
ster, 60. Piccadilly, a tabular list is given of the
badges, mottoes, facings, &c., together with other
useful particulars of the cavalry and foot regi-
ments. C. (J.)
Eaton Stannard Barrett : " Lines on Woman "
(1st S. viii. 292.) — In Vol. via. of "N. & Q,"
several communications were elicited relative to
the then, as now, almost forgotten Eaton Stan-
nard Barrett, author of some exquisite " Lines on
Woman," — the heading of all the letters which
appeared in " N. & Q." on the subject. Of these,
the most interesting was one from MR. ROBERT
BELL, author of the History of Russia and Ladder
of Gold; but in regard to the time of Barrett's
death, no more satisfactory information was elicited
than that it occurred " many years^ ago." Al-
though the present communication is somewhat
behind date, yet, to perfect what h^s already ap-
peared, and to carry out the main object of " N. &
Q.," the following cutting from a newspaper of
the year 1821 may be with propriety annexed.
Is the book in existence which was nearly finished
at the time of Eaton Stannard Barrett's death,
and what is the nature of it ?
" Died, on the 20th of March, in Glamorganshire, of a
rapid decline, occasioned by the bursting of a blood vessel,
Eaton Stannard Barrett, Esq., so well known to the lite-
rary and political world, as the author of All the Talents,
The Heroine, &c. &c. There were few gentlemen whose
private worth gained more esteem, or whose manners
possessed greater attractions. Ardently pursuing his
favourite occupations, he had nearly completed a Work,
of which his unexpected death has deprived the world,
and which might long since have been finished, had not
another study divided his time and thoughts." *
His brother, Richard Barrett, whom MR. BELL
referred to as living in 1853, editor of the Dublin
Pilot, and a fellow-prisoner of O'Connell's, died at
Dalkey, about eighteen months ago.
WILLIAM JOHN FITZ-PATRICK.
Miss Edgeworth (2Dd S. i. 383.)— W. J. FITZ-
PATRICK is in error in stating that Miss Edge-
worth was the daughter of Honora Sneyd : that
distinguished writer was the child of Mr. Edge-
worth by his former wife, Miss Elers (see Quart.
Rev., xxiii. 528.). «• £•
Spelling of Names (2nd S. i. 372.)— The spell-
ing of names sometimes varies in the present day.
[* Eaton Stannard Barrett's death is also noticed in the
Gent. Mag. for April, 1820, p. 377.] ,
O 28., JULY 12. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
37
I was acquainted, many years ago, with an old
clergyman, the Rev. Warren Brooks, of great re-
spectability, In the later part of his life he emi-
grated to Van Diemen's Land ; and there I have
understood that the old gentleman was in the
habit of writing himself Brook. a. /3.
Major General Stanwix (2nd S. i. 511.) — Gene-
ral Stanwix, about whom the MESSRS. COOPER
have put a Query, is surely the person the cir-
cumstances of whose death gave rise to a remark-
able case on the question of survivorship. The
case is reported in the first volume of Sir Wm.
Blackstone's Reports, p. 640., and is thus noticed
by Mr Best, in his book on Presumptions of Law
and Fact :
" General Stanwix, in October, 1766, together with his
second wife and a daughter by a former marriage, set
sail in the same vessel from Dublin to England. The
ship was lost at sea, and no account of the manner of her
perishing ever received. Upon this, the maternal uncle
and next of kin of the daughter claimed the effects of the
general, on the principle of the civil law, that, where
parent and child perish together, and the manner of their
death is unknown, the child must be supposed to have
survived the parent. Similar claims were, however, put
forward by the nephew and next of kin of General Stan-
wix, who moved the King's Bench for a mandamus to
compel the Prerogative Court to grant administration to
him. The rule for that purpose was, after argument,
made absolute, on the ground that the question of sur-
vivorship sought to be established could only arise under
the Statute of Distributions, and that the nephew, being
next of kin, was entitled to the administration of the
goods of the deceased. This case is clearly no decision as
to the presumption of survivorship, and the suit is said to
have been compromised, upon the recommendation of
Lord Mansfield, who said he knew of no legal principle
on which he could decide it."
D. B.
6. Pump Court, Temple.
Translation of Camoens (2nd S. i. 510.) — I can
tell R. J. that the " Island" was a translation by
a now-forgotten author of the name of Thomas
Wa4e, many years subsequently known as the
author of one or two not very successful plays
produced at Covent Garden Theatre ; of a volume
of poems (published by Miller, of Henrietta
Street), with the out-of-the-way title of Mundi e(
Cordis Carmina ; of a poem called Prathanasia,
with Moxon's name as publisher ; and whose last
publication, as far as I have seen, was an essay or
"lecture," entitled What does Hamlet mean? — a
notice of which I remember having read in The
Athenceum. I have no recollection of the merits
of his translation from Camoens, referred to by
R. J., although I certainly perused it on its ap-
pearance in the pages of the European Magazine.
M. F, Z.
J. Larking : Paper-mark (2nd S. i. 433.) —Your
correspondent CHARTOPHYLAX has not correctly
fixed the date of this paper-mark. J. Larking's
paper-mill is situated in this parish, and was built
by him between the years 1785 and 1790. It has
long since passed into other hands ; but I can
assert positively, from information which I pos-
sess, that no mill of the kind existed here previous
to that period, nor did J. Larking possess any
here or elsewhere at any time antecedent to the
year 1785. If it be material, I can obtain for you
the date of the exact year in which the mill was
built ; but the information given above will pro-
bably be sufficient for your purpose. A.
East Mailing, Kent.
The Rev. Robert Montgomery (2nd S. i. 521.) —
I for one am obliged to G. for the information
concerning the name of the father of the gentle-
man above indicated. Can G., or will Mr. CAT-
LING, be good enough to inform me where he was
christened? I am, of course, aware that Weston
has been mentioned ; but which Weston ? for there
are at least a score places so named in the Clerical
Directory. D.
York Service Books. — As York books are of
great rarity, I beg to send you the following note
as an addition to A. MT.'S Note in 2nd S. i. 489.
I have a York Horce B. Virg., which, as far as I
can make out, is unique. The Museum has one
also, but it does not contain any of the distinctive
services for York Saints, and consequently not
the following :
" De Sancto Ricardo Scrupe Mar. et Conf."
" Alme Ricarde Dei martyr nostri miserere.
" Ut placeamus ei : fac nos peccata cavere,"
" V. Intercede pro nobis Ricarde Beate, ut quae salu-
briter petimus consequamur a te."
«Deus qui beatum et electum Martirem tuum Ri-
cardum praeclarae patientiae titulis in ipso sua? mortis arti-
culo singulariter illustrasti : da nobis famulis tuis ejus
piis rneritis et amore sic in praesenti vivere, ut ad aterna
valeamus gaudia pervenire, per Christum."
There was a good stained glass portrait of him
in York Minster, but J fancy it was destroyer}
by the fire : of this I am not certajnP* J. C, J,
Longevity (2nd S. i, 452.)— The following sta-
tistics are worth adding to the series of Notes that
have appeared on longevity :
" In 1851 there were in Lower Canada, over 100 years
of age, 38 persons; between 90 and 100 years, 417; be-
tween 80 and 90, 3030; between 70 and 80, 11,084; be-»
tween 60 and 70, 24.095.
" In Upper Canada in the same year, there were, over
100 years of age, 20 persons; between 70 and 80, 7156;
between 60 and 70, 20,267."— Canada and Her Resources,
two Prize Essays, by J. Sheridan Hogan and Alexander
Morris, p. 114.
K. P. D. E.
Lees of Alt Hill, Family of (1st S, xii. 265.) —
The name is " Lees," and not " Lee," and the
" heiress " was Alice, daughter of John Lees and
Alice Bardsley his wife.
The word "heiress" would induce the sup-
38
NOTES AND QUERIES.
S. N° 28., JULY 12. *5C.
position that she was the only child, but such was
not the fact, as she iiad a brother, James, who
succeeded to his father's property, as Alice did to
her mother's, the Bardsleys.
The family of Leese, or Lees, have been tresi-
dent at Alt since 1422, when Thomas de Leghes,
Adam de Leghes and John de Leghes held lands
under Sir John Assheton, Bart., at Alt, Nether
Leghes, and Palden Leghes, Palden being consi-
dered an abbreviation of Palm Densata, a fen or
morass.
I have this information from a carefully-com-
piled pedigree made by a lineal descendant of the
family, a physician here; but there does not appear
to be any connection with the family of Lee of
Cheshire.
Jonathan Pickford, Esq., of Macclesfield, was
the lineal ancestor of Sir Joseph Radcliffe, Bart.,
of Milnes Bridge. K. E.
Ashton-under-Lyne.
Geranium (2nd S. i. 494.)— I have extracted
from The Language of Flowers, the following
significations of the different kinds of geranium
for the benefit of W. H. P. : —
" Scarlet Geranium - - « Comforting.'
Ivy, ditto --..-< Bridal Favour.'
Nutmeg, ditto ' Expected Meeting.'
Rose-scented, ditto - - ' Preference.'
Silver-leaved, ditto - - ' Recall.' "
CLERICUS.
Common Place-Books (1st S. xii. 478. ; 2nd S. i.
486.) — When, in the first of the above pages, I
explained an improvement upon Locke's method
of keeping a common-place book, I did not refer
to the plan which BIBLIOTHECAR. CHETHAM. sup-
poses. I mentioned that the method to which I
referred first appeared about thirty -five years
ago ; but I should have said upwards of forty, for
one of my common-place books was kept upon
this improv^ plan forty-three years ago. What
I had in my mind was published as a common-
place book with a ruled and lettered index, and a
page or two of directions, explaining also the su-
perior advantages of this new method. It was
new at the time; and if your correspondent will
turn again to my former communication, he will
see th.it I did not refer to any of the works which
he mentions, but described a plan very different.
F.C.H.
Popular Names of Live-stock (2nd S. i. 416.) —
The very interesting paper, under the above title,
does not make mention of ever as a name for the
boar-pig. I have heard it used by the lower
classes in Sussex, but very rarely — and usually
pronounced heaver. The word is evidently de-
rived from the German or Saxon eber, a boar;
the b and v being interchangeable.
Till I made this discovery, I was much puzzled
respecting the etymology of a not unusual surname
in Sussex, pronounced in our towns Ever-shed, but
by the country people Ever-sed : it was undoubt-
edly originally Evers-hed, that is, boar's-head.
SAMUEL.
Brighton.
Glycerine for Naturalists (2nd S. i. 412.)— I too
have been disappointed in glycerine. But if
I. M. 4. wishes to be successful, let him get the
article direct from Price's Candle Company, Vaux-
hall. Much that is sold under the name is not
glycerine at all. EBER.
Brighton.
The Ducking Stool (2nd S. i. 490.) — With re-
ference to the inquiry as to the use of the duck-
ing stool since 1738, as a punishment for women,
I beg to refer to Mr. Brooke's recent work on
Liverpool from 1775 to 1800, in which evidence
will be found of the use of it in 1779, and perhaps
still later, by the authority of the magistrates, in
the House of Correction, which formerly stood
upon Mount Pleasant in Liverpool.
There is yet preserved in the parish church of
Leominster, in Herefordshire, a moveable ducking
stool (upon wheels) for women, and the last time
that it was used was about seventy years ago, to a
woman of the town named Jane Corran, but often
called Jenny Pipes. J. R. H.
Birkenhead, Cheshire.
Crooked Naves (2nd S. i. 499.) — It is some-
where said, that before our pious ancestors com-
menced the construction of a church, the first ray
of the rising sun was sedulously watched, and the
east end was then so planned as to catch, through
future ages, the first dawn of that light which
blessed and guided their early labours.
This rule, if not fabulous or universal, may
have had some influence on the builders, and oc-
casioned that varying now sought to be explained
by your correspondents.
Few of the ancient churches vary more from
the apparently established custom than the noble
cathedral of Antwerp ; but there, for some reason
probably unexplained, a brazen meridian line is
drawn along the pavement : showing at once the
cardinal points, and the deviation of the building
from east to west.
If such a custom as the one above named ever
existed, it must have been alike applicable to the
enlargement, reconstruction, or the reparation of
churches ; and from this probability, through the
numerous alterations at the east end, Norwich
cathedral is by no means exempt.
HENRY DAVENEY.
Jacob Behmen (1st S. viii. 13. 246.; ix. 151.;
2nd S. i. 395. 513.) — Wliile I am as grateful as
any other of your correspondents can be for au-
thentic information relative to the Teutonic
theosopher and his remarkable writings, I am as
S. N« 28, JULY 12. '56.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
39
indignant as I well can be at the sneer in which
your correspondent ANON, has been pleased to in-
dulge at the expense of our own great Newton.
After an allusion to Malebranche, in which he is
said to have drawn his all " from one small rivulet "
of Behmen, ANON, tells us, " Of how many other
originals (the Italics are his) also may this be
truly said, from Newton, if not Harvey, to Hah-
nemann." Let poor Hahnemann's reputation be
left to the care of those who think it worth de-
fending. I do not. But, I cannot hold my peace
when 1 find an anonymous mystic assailing the
fame of Newton. Newton a borrower from Beh-
men ? The thing is supremely ridiculous. I
agree with ANON, in saying that " a magic under-
standing is needful " for the comprehension of
Behmen. Newton had no magic about his under-
standing. His was the strong vigorous English
common sense, and practical as well as theoretical
English genius. Some evidence, at least, will be
necessary to convince me that he drew any of his
Principia from the vapours of the great mystic —
something more than the ipse dixit of ANON. Let
that correspondent either make good or retract :
let him cite from Behmen a statement of the law
of universal gravitation, or let him sit on the
stool of repentance for having without evidence
uttered a sneer at the originality of Newton.
There is no middle course for a lover of truth.
C. MANSFIELD INGLEBT.
Birmingham.
Mayor of London in 1335 (2nd S. i. 353. 483.)
— In Stow's Survey of London, edited by Strype,
1720, Reginald at Conduit is stated to have been
mayor in 1334, and a note by Strype in the margin
of the entry says :
" He served two years and impaired his estate thereby.
King Edward III. gave him a yearly rent of houses in
London. J. S."
W. H. W. T.
Somerset House.
Parochial Libraries (2nd S. i. 459.) — In ad-
dition to those you have noticed you may insert —
Parish of Crundal, Kent. (I do not know the
date.)
Parish of Elham, Kent, founded by Lee Warly,
Esq., in 1808. EDWARD Foss.
Numerous Families (2nd S. i. 469.) — I have not
access to Thoresby's History of Leeds, and cannot
therefore ascertain whether he mentions the fol-
lowing particulars respecting the wife of Mr.
William Greenhill, cited by MR. HACKWOOD.
In a family paper, which must be about 100
years old, I find Mrs. Greenhill noticed as having
had thirty-nine children by one husband, all born
alive and baptized, and all single births, save one.
The last child was born after his father's death,
and lived to be a surgeon, practising in King
Street, Bloomsbury, and author of a work on
Embalming Human Bodies. The family took for
their crest, in commemoration of this singular fer-
tility, a gryphon with thirty-nine stars on its wings.
STTLITES.
The following is a verbatim extract from the
Register of Burials belonging to the parish of St.
Mary the Pure Virgin, at Marlborough :
" John Jones (had 31 children born and baptized)
buried 29 March, 1743."
PATONCE.
Melrose Abbey (2nd S. i. 510.) — I have reason
to think that no estimate was ever given for the
restoration of the Abbey of Melrose. A few years
since, the Duke of Buccleuch being anxious to
promote the erection of a church for the Episco-
palians of the neighbourhood, I considered whether
it might not be possible to restore one of the aisles
of the abbey church instead. The scheme was
however wisely abandoned, and I designed the
present small church, which was erected by sub-
scription, his grace contributing largely, as well
as giving the ground. BENJ. FIRRET.
English Translation of Aristotle's " Organon "
(2nd S. ii. 12.) — The only translation of Aris-
totle's Organon (excepting Taylor's, which is
worthless) is published in Bohn's Classical Library.
The translator, Mr. O. F. Owen, is said to have
done his work well ; and by his illustrations from
Whately and other logicians, has rendered the
book interesting, even to those who do not want
to " take it up." B. S. W.
The Tune the Cow died of (2nd S. i. 375. 500.) —
I see no casus mortis in either of the versions
given ; but the following, which is as common as
either, would explain the catastrophe well enough :
" There was an old man, and he had an old cow,
And he had no fodder to give her,
So he took up his fiddle, and played her this tune,
' Consider, good cow, consider,
This isn't the time for grass to grow,
Consider, good cow, consider.' "
Probably by " the tune the cow died of" was ori-
ginally meant a satirical reference to a good
reason being no sufficient substitute for a good
dinner. M.
NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.
Although the words " Printed for P ivate Circulation
only " on a title-page may well serve to protect from un-
friendly criticism the work so inscribed, they surely may,
without impropriety, be passed over unnoticed when they
appear in front of a volume of unquestionable value and
importance. Such is the goodly quarto, for a copy of
which we are indebted to the courtesy of the distin-
guished nobleman under whose auspices it has been pro-
40
NOTES AND QUERIES.
S. NO 28., JULY 12. '56.
duced, entitled Descriptive Catalogue of a Cabinet of
Roman family Coins belonging to His Grace the Duke of
Northumberland, K. G., t>y Rear-Admiral William Henry
Smyth, K.S.F., D.G.L., F.R.S., &c. There are few socie-
ties for the advancement of archaeology which cannot bear
witness to the good taste and liberality with which the
Duke of Northumberland promotes that important Htudy :
and no one who knows the Duke can doubt the readiness
with which he accepted the suggestion made by Admiral
Smyth, that the several cabinets of coins and medals
which had been in the possession of the Northumberland
family for many years should be carefully examined and
arranged by him. But the gallant Admiral has done
more than this. He has not only carefully examined,
classified, and arranged the Northumberland Collection ;
but he has given in the work which has called forth
these remarks — and which is a Catalogue of the Roman
Consular and Family Coins in the Collection — a volume
replete with learning — not only full of elucidation of
history, chronology, and geography generally, but par-
ticularly illustrative of the constitutional divisions of the
Roman people. Of the 160 families here treated of, 14
were pure patricians, 26 patrician with plebeian branches,
7 equestrian, 91 plebeian, and 22 whose order and rank
are uncertain. Those who know how various are the
acquirements of Admiral Smyth, and the fund of humour
with which his learning is seasoned and set off, will
readily understand that this Catalogue is amusing as well
as instructive; and as readily believe that we are not
guilty of any exaggeration Avhen we pronounce this
handsome, volume to be alike creditable to the scholar-
ship of Admiral Smyth and the liberality of the Duke of
Northumberland.
We have good news for the lovers of gossip. A new
edition of the Letters of Horace Walpole is announced, in
which the various letters of the different collections,
which now occupy fourteen volumes, are to be incor-
porated into one series — in eight. Now, therefore, is
the time for those who have Notes to make, or Queries
which they wish solved, with reference to the men,
manners, or events touched upon by this Prince of Letter
Writers, to let us have them.
The Gentleman's Magazine, with which the name of
Nichols has been so long and so honourably connected,
has passed into other hands, — the "great age of the one,
and the want of health of the other proprietor," being the
cause of the change. It is now published by Mr. Parker
of Oxford; and we can scarcely doubt that, under his
management, its character as an antiquarian and his-
torical Magazine will be fully sustained. The opening
number is certainly a very good one.
BOOKS RECEIVED. — The Herd-Boy. A Fairy Tale
for Christmas Tyde. From the Swedish of Upland. This
pleasant versification of. a Swedish Legend has, in addi-
tion to its own interests, the merit of being so told as to
make the young persons for whom it has been written fa-
miliar with some of the good old English words and
phrases which are to be found in the language of our
Prayer Book and Psalter, the authorised version of the
Bible, &c. ; and, with this view, notes have been added
in the hopes of awakening in them a desire to understand
thoroughly the English language.
The English Bible, containing the Old and New Testa-
ments according to the Authorised Version, newly divided
into Paragraphs. Part X., S. Mark iii. to S. Luke xii.
We have so often spoken favourably of this new arrange-
ment of our noble Authorised Version, that we may con-
tent ourselves with simply recording the publication of
this further portion of it.
The Dramatic Works of William Shakspeare. The
Text carefully revised, with Notes by Samuel Weller Singer,
F.S.A., SfC.t Vol. VII. This new volume of Mr. Singer's
valuable edition contains King Henry VIII., Troilus and
Gressida, and Coriolanus.
The Boundaries of Man's Knowledge. A Lecture de-
livered to the Literary Institutions of Bedford and Woburn
by William White, Principal Door-Keeper of the House of
Commons. A very sensible well-written Lecture, showing
considerable reading and much reflection.
History of the Parliamentary Representation of Preston
during the last Hundred Years. By William Dobson,
This narrative, originally prepared for publication in the
Preston Chronicle, is very creditable to the compiler. It
would be well if the history of every constituency were
produced in the same form.
BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES
WANTED TO PURCHASE.
STRYPB'S CRANMER. Vol. III.
THE PRAYER BOOK ACCORDING TO THE TEXT OF THE SEALED BOOKS.
Vol. III.
FIELD ON THE CHURCH. The last Vol. — These three published by the
Ecclesiastical History Society.
GOODHUOH'S GENTLEMAN'S LIBRARY MANUAL.
**# Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, carriage free, to be
sent to MESSRS. BKLL & DALDY, Publishers of "NOTES AND
QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.
Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct to
the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose namea and ad-
dresses are given for that purpose :
BP. WILSON'S WORKS. Vol. IV. 8vo.
COLERIDGE'S BIOGRAPHIA. Vol. I. Pt. 2.
COLERIDGE'S LECTURES ON DRAMATISTS. Vol. I.
SHAKSPEARE. (.Diamond.) Vol. V.
FRIENDSHIP'S OFFERING. 1837.
CARRINGTON'S POEMS. 2 Vols.
NAPIER'S PENINSULAR WAR. Vol. VI.
PEACOCK'S INTEGRAL CALCULUS. 2 Vols.
KUFFMAN'S DICTIONARY OF MERCHANDIZE.
AKLISS' POCKET MAG. Vols. III. & IV.
Wanted by Thomas Millard, Bookseller, 70. Newgate Street.
HORATII OPERA. Vol.11. Lond.,PLne. 1733. 8vo. Boards.
RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW. Nos. 13. 25. and all after.
Wanted by Thomas G. Stevenson, Bookseller, 87. Princes Street,
Edinburgh.
SHAKSPEARE. By Steevens. Trade Edition. 10 Vols. 18mo. I arge
paper. Vol.1. 1823.
SATURDAY MAGAZINE, IN PARTS.
GRILLPARZER'S SAPPHO, IN THE ORIGINAL.
Wanted by Charles F. Blackburn, Bookseller, Leamington,
to
We have been compelled by want of space to postpone until next week
many articles of considerable interest.
INDEX TO FIRST VOL. OF SECOND SERIES. This is at press, and ivill le
published on Saturday next.
PRESTER JOHN. Has our Correspondent, C. MANSFIELD INOLEBY, cow-
.
t S. vii. 502. ; x. 186.
Callandas," read "Cal-
. ,
suited the two articles on this subject in our
ERRATA — 2nd S. i. 518. col. 2. 1. 33, f
lander."
INDEX TO THE FIRST SERIES. As this is now published, and the im-
jin >.:/<>n in (t !iiuit<d one, such of our readers as desire copies would do
well to intimate their wish to their respective booksellers ir.ithout delay.
Our publishers, MESSRS. BELL & DALDV, ivill forward copies by post on
receipt of a Post Office Order for Five Shillings.
"NOTES AND QUERIES" is published at noon on Friday, so that the
Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and
deliver them to their Subscribers on the Saturday.
" NOTES AND QUERIES " is also issued in Monthly Parts, for the con-
venience of those who may either have a difficulty in procuring the un-
stamped weekly Numbers, or prefer receiving it monthly. While parties
resident in the country or abroad, who may be desirous of receiving the
ir, ,/.-(// Numbers, may have stamped copies forwarded .direct from the
Publisher. The subscription for the stamped edition of *' NOTES AND
QUERIES " (including a very copious Index) is eleven shillings and four-
pence for six months, which may be paid by Post Office Order, drawn in
pence for six months, which may be
favour of the Publisher, MK. GEORGB
Post Office Order, d .
-. 186. Fleet Street.
2»d S. ti° 29., JULY 19. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
41
LONDON, SATURDAY, JULY 19, 1856.
NOTES ON THE FLEUR-DE-LIS.
(Concluded from 2nd S. i. 410.)
In "N. & Q..," 1st S. ix. 35. 84. 113. 225., are
several notes from your correspondents on the
subject of the F.-d.-L. ; and names of families, not
included in the above lists, are cited in connection
with this charge. Such are the five bishops named
by MACKENZIE WALCOTT. According to Heylin,
Trilleck, Bishop of Hereford (1275), founder of
Trilleck Inn, now called New Inn Hall, Oxford,
is alone entitled to this distinction, as bearing the
arms of his see, derived from S. Thomas de Can-
telupe, the 44th bishop, Chancellor of England
and Oxford, son of William Lord Cantiloupe, for
whom see the third crusade under Richard I.
Other names are, France of Bostock Hall, Chesh-
ire, Saunders, Warwyke, Presterfield, Kempton,
Velland, Rothfeld, and references are made to the
heraldic dictionaries of Berry, Burke, Edmonson,
Robson, Glover's Ordinary, &c. I am well aware
that there may be many families so distinguished
which are not included in the " formidable array "
which my lists supply from the four sources al-
ready described ; but as I have already trespassed
too long on your pages, and on the patience of
your readers, I shall for the present confine my-
self to a few remarks suggested by the preceding
Notes ; and leave to such of your heraldic cor-
respondents as may have a knowledge I do not
possess, or a facility of consulting many important
authorities not within my reach, the task of sup-
plying all deficiencies. Of such additional sources
of information it may be sufficient to name here
the valuable Armorial General de la France, par
d'Hozier, Paris, 1736, in ten folio volumes ; and, to
save time, many French and English works on this
Subject, collected in the fifth volume of Brunet's
Manuel du Libraire, p. 625., edit. 1844, under
Div. VI., Hist, de la Chevalerie et de la Noblesse,
avec VHistoire Heraldique et Genealogique.
It may be remarked that an undoubted French
origin in families gives no title to the distinction
of the F.-d.-L. This appears from numerous in-
stances in which the charge is not borne. Such,
among others, are the names, Butler, descended
from the ancient Counts of Brien in Normandy ;
St. Leger, of French extraction, coming in with
the Conqueror ; St. John (Jean), also Norman ;
De Brodrick, the same, under William II. ; Eg-
mont, descended from the Dues de Bretagne ;
Moore, of French extraction, soon after the Con-
quest ; Fortescue, from the Norman Sir Richard
le Forte ; Hervey, coming from France with Wil-
liam the Conqueror, descended from the younger
son of Henri, Duke of Orleans ; Harcourt, also
from Normandy, besides many others. It may be
said that most of these were of Norman descent,
and that the arms of Normandy were G, 2 L. P.
G. or. But it cannot be strictly ascertained
whether all these families were exclusively Norman ;
and among the Norman Crusaders (1096 — 1269)
are many bearing the F.-d.-L. Such is also the
case with the names Bellasyse, St. Maur, Disney,
&c. In the above category are also many names
which, though strictly French, have correspondent
names in English, and are now absorbed in our
genealogical catalogues as part and parcel of
our native patronymics. I may hereafter give a
curious list of these correspondences, which have
been noted, for amusement, in the course of a pro-
gress through ancient French history.
In perusing the above lists, it is obvious that,
saving the unquestionable claim -from royal de-
scent or alliance, very few indications appear of
the grounds on which this royal charge is assumed
in so many British shields. The true Norman
race bore, as above stated, G. 2 L. P. G. or ; the
Saxon line, G. 3 L. P. G. or ; and in 1326, Ed-
ward III. assumed quarterly France and England,
giving the first place to France : thus (1. and 4.),
az. seme de Lis (3. 2. 3.), and (2. 3.), gu. 3 L.
P. G. or. On this ground, I formerly ventured
to object to the accuracy of Heylin's blazon of
the arms of Henry I., Beauclerc. This objection,
however, rested on a mistaken appropriation of
the arms, pi. iii. f. 20. ; which, though placed so
early as p. 16., had, in fact, a reference to p. 150.,
and to Charles Beauclerk, E. of Burford, created
D. of St. Albans, 35 Chas. II., 1684.
It has appeared that, though they are recorded
as an ornament of the crown of previous sove-
reigns, no Fs.-d.-L. were borne by Henry II. and
Richard I. ; though, in 1190-2, the latter sove-
reign bestowed on Richard Plowden the augmen-
tation of 2 Fs>d.-L. for gallantry at the siege of
Acre (p. 350.). In the same third crusade, as we
have seen, John de Cantelupe, or Cantiloupe, bore
3 leopards' heads jessant Fs.-d.-L.; of which
bearing no further account is given than that it
descended to the bishopric of Hereford.
In the second crusade (1146), under Louis VI.,
and in the fourth, fifth, and sixth crusades, no
English subjects appear to have borne the charge.
In the years 1286-93, Rauf Sandwich, Ld. M.
of London, first bore gu. a F.-d.-L. or ; and from
those years to the year 1754, the last recorded by
Heylin, twenty-five successive Lords Mayor bore
the F.-d-L., or R. T. Of this number, nine bore
one alone, others from three to seme d. L. No
authority is given for the assumption of this
charge by the Lords Mayor. In 1297 (25 Edw. I.)
the name of Lennard is connected (1. and 4.) with
3 Fs.-d.-L. In 1307, John Barrett Lennard was
created Lord Dacre by Edw. II. But when, or
on what ground, the above charge was granted, is
42
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
[2°*S. NO 29., JULY 19. '56.
not stated. So again, in 1298, (27 Edw. I.,) the
same doubt exists as to George Townshend (see
Heylin above), who' quartered France and Eng-
land. In 1328, J. Holland, E. of Huntington
(afterwards created D. of Exeter by Richard II.),
whose mother was Joan, widow of the* Black
Prince, and who married Elizabeth, eldest
daughter to John of Gaunt, D. of Lancaster,
brother to the Black Prince, bore a border of
France, 13 Fs.-d.-L.
Of the great dignity attached, upon all occa-
sions, to the royal charge of the F.-d.-L., frequent
proofs may be supplied from the preceding notes.
In many eminent instances of the grant being
conferred at the hands of the sovereign, a single
F.-d.-L., or two, are the only concession made ;
so as, in all appearance, to avoid a trespass upon
privileges strictly royal. Thus, under Richard I.,
the grant to Plowderi extended only to 2 Fs.-d.-L. :
that to the family of Leycester, under Richard II.,
whose descendant, in 1544, a general officer, re-
ceived the honour of knighthood, was 2 Fs.-d.-L.
Under Edward IV., that to Kellett was a single
F.-d.-L. Under Henry VIII., that to Clerke was
two ; that to Thomas Manners, E. of Rutland,
though of royal descent from Edward IV., was
limited to two. We have seen that Charles II.
restricted the bearing of the F.-d.-L. in their
coronets to the royal dukes. His grant to Stephen
Fox admitted only a single F.-d.-L. Queen
Anne's grant to Shovel was of 2 Fs.-d.-L. Wol-
cott (of Knowle), of Norman extraction, received
as an augmentation of honour, 1 F.-d.-L., " for
good service unto the king (quere, which ?) in
his wars," though the honourable augmentation
to the D. of Marlborough consisted of three.
Neverthess, in looking at the lists of the Landed
Gentry, we find, in many instances, that the grant
extended to 3 Fs.-d-L. ; though the ground of
such peculiar extension is not published. Thus,
the family of Disney bear three. Their ancestors,
from D'Isigny, D'Isneux, D'Eisney, near Bayeux,
Normandy, were a knightly race of the first sta-
tion and influence, who came in at the Conquest.
The family of Leathes also bear three. They, too,
came in at the Conquest, and are descended from
Mussenden (Missenden), who was Grand Admiral
of England under Henry I.
The family of Lenigan, which dates from before
Hen. II., bear three. That of Hawkins, de-
scended from the ancient Norman family ,of Ny-
col, temp. Hen. II. and Edw. III., bear, 5 Fs.-d-
L. The family of Halford, of great antiquity, and
dating from Hen. III., but whose documents were
lost at the Revolution, bear 3 Fs.-d-L. That of
Birch (of whom more hereafter), under Edw. III.,
bear three. Gilbert of Cantley received a grant
of three under Q. Elizabeth. The same of Hill,
1560, and of Hutton, 1584.
Under George III., Curtis, Admiral of Red,
created a baronet, in 1794, for heroic achieve-
ments under Lord Howe, who had also been
knighted, in 1782, for the same at the siege of
Gibraltar, received as an augmentation of honour
in chief the Rock of Gibraltar, and in base 3
Fs-d.-L.
These are the only, or the principal names, to
which the honourable distinction is assigned of a
privilege to bear this charge, in the authorities to
which my labours have extended. I have before
hinted that it would be of great historical interest
to learn from the numerous bearers of the F.-d.-L.
the grounds on which such charge was originally
adopted. By favour of the Rev. Joseph Birch,
M.A., of Brighouse, Yorkshire, I have been sup-
plied with a copy of the honourable grant made
to his ancestor (above named) by Edward III., for
services under the Black Prince, and it has a
peculiar interest, as the only instance of the con-
cession of the charge by the first monarch who
assumed the royal arms of France :
"Lieutenant General Field Marshall John Birch, Ge-
neral in Chief of the armies of his late Majesty Edward
III. of glorious memory, who, in his glorious campaign in
the Kingdom of France, took three Kings of France
prisoners, in consideration whereof his said Majesty
granted unto his said gallant commander, and his heirs
lineal, and in default of these heirs collateral, in his
right as King of France, the privilege of wearing their
Fleurs-de- Lis, in token of the bravery of the one, and
the generosity of the other. In Testimonium Veritatis,
&c. S-c."
The words which follow are —
fLi. Li. I 1
|Ly. Ly.j
and remain a mystery.
Here, then, I conclude a series which has de-
veloped itself to a much greater length and im-
portance than I could have expected when, in
Paris, last year, I originated the inquiry as to the
descent and bearings of the Hillier family (2nd S.
i. 53.), in both of which questions I am personally
interested.
An inquiry conducted upon the same plan in
regard to the various crosses, and especially the
cross crosslet fitchy, would be an instructive
sequel to this on the F.-d.-L. Crosses were al-
ways considered among the honourable ordinaries,
and their first use, as an heraldic bearing, is said
to have been in the expeditions to the Holy Land
in the year 1096. They are now common in
British shields, and are borne, it must be pre-
sumed, by those whose ancestors were engaged in
one or other of those wars which disturbed Europe
for 178 years, from 1095 to 1273. C. H. P.
Brighton.
2«d s. NO 29., JULY 19. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
43
ILLUSTRATIONS OF MACAULAT.
Jacobite Song. — I copy the accompanying Jaco-
bite effusion from a contemporary MS. Should it
not have been printed, it may probably suit you
as a Macaulay illustration. J. 0.
I.
" Lay by yr reason,
Truely out of season ;
Rebellion now is Loyalty, and loyalty is Treason :
Now forty one, Sr,
Is quite undone, Sr ;
A Subject then depos'd his king, but now it is his Son, Sr ;
The nations Salvation,
From male Administration,
Was then pretended by ye saints, but now his abdication.
II.
" Besides ye case, Sr,
Bears another face, Sr ;
Billy had a mind to reign, and Jemmy must give place, Sr ;
Rais'd Insurrections,
With base reflections ;
And labour tooth and naile to perfect his projections ;
Rebellion in fashion,
Declar'd throughout ye nation ;
Then turn'd his ffather out of doors, and call'd it abdica-
tion.
III.
" A declaration,
For self preservation,
Was spread abroad wherein was prov'd a father no rela-
tion;
Monarchy halters,
And abdicators,
Did swear themselves into a league with dutchmen, and
with traytors ;
They enter, Indenture,
Both soul and body venture,
Whilst att Royal Jimmy's head their malice still did
center.
IV.
" What have we gained ?
Grievances retained ;
The Government is still ye same, ye king is only changed ;
Was ever such a bargain,
What boots it a farthing,
Whether ffather Petre rule, Benting, or Carmarthen ;
Oppressed, distressed,
With Empty Purse Carressed,
We still remain In Statu quo, their'a nothing yett re-
dressed.
V.
" Baile for Treason,
Now is out of Season ;
And judges must bee Courtiers still against all right and
reason ;
Nay, more, I'll mention,
Ye Senate hath a pension,
Which overthrowes the contracts made with ye Select
Convention ;
Thus wee, Sr, you see, Sr,
Come off by ye bee, Sr ;
Wee give our money to bee Slaves, Instead of being free,
VI.
" Never was Beetle,
Blind as this people ;
To think that God will own a Church with a Socinian
Steeple j
By Priests deceived,
That have brought themselves into that pass ne'er more
to be believed ;
They leer, Sr, for fear, Sr, •
Ould Jemmy should come here, Sr,
And then they'll all repent that ere they took ye swear,
VII.
",Alas ! what is Conscience,
In Sherlock's own Sense :
When Interest lyes att stake, anw oath with him is non-
sense ;
The Temple Master,
Fears no disaster ;
He can take ten thousand oaths, and ne'er bee bound the
faster,
And all theyr Cause Intangle ; '
Yet nought can hold ye wretch but ye old Triangle.
VIII.
"For holy Cause, Sr,
You may break all lawes, Sr ;
For perjury, nor treason, then do signify two strawes, Sr,
So bad our Case is,
We'd better far bee papist ;
For now Socinians rule the Church, and they'r rul'd by
an Athiest :
The nations damnation,
Was their last reformation ;
Either you must take ye Swear, or starving, leave yr
Station.
• GREAT EVENTS FROM LITTLE CAUSES SPRING.
Blaise Pascal says, with a Rabelaistic humour
that is not his wont, " si le nez de Cleopatre eut
ete plus court, toute la face de la terre aurait
change." And copious are the instances that
might be cited in exemplification. The subjoined,
as pertaining to our English history, curiously
illustrate this truth of the momentous flowing
from the trivial, the great from the minute, and
offer us a field of speculation on the proximate
and impelling motives influencing that single will
which, electing one scale, thus made the balance
kick the beam with consequences so signal to
future generations. Perchance, even the slightest
dyspepsia or neuralgia may, in the chain of
causes, account for that single vote, or that " mis-
take," which gave us the ferial observance of our
Anglican calendar — a statute, the safeguard of
British freedom, — and the blessings of stability in
the firm yet mild sway of the line of Brunswick :
1. " Bishop Burnet stated that the Habeas Corpus Act
passed by a mere mistake ; that one peer was counted for
ten, and that made a majority for the measure." — Earl
Stanhope's Speech before the House of Peers, on the Abju-
ration Bill, June 24, 1856.
2. " The authority upon which the Saints' days stood
in our Calendar ought to be considered. At the begin-
ning of the reign of Elizabeth, when the Protestant re-
ligion was restored, the question whether there should be
Saints' days in the Calendar was considered by Convoca-
tion, and sharply and fully debated. The Saints' days
44
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd s. N° 29., JULY 19, '56.
were carried only by a single vote; for 59 members voted
for Saints' days, 58 for omitting them." — Literary Re-
mains of H. Fynes Clinton.
3. Many years ago, I was informed by a well-
read man, my tutor, that the question of the suc-
cession of the house of Brunswick in these realms,
was only decided by one vote.
I shall gladly receive any circumstances relative
to the latter case, if it be confirmed ; also any
other remarkable instances of similar character.
F. S.
Churchdown.
NOVEL EXPLANATION OF THE USE OF THE IRISH
ROUND TOWERS.
The origin of the Irish round tower is involved
in as profound obscurity as that of the Egyptian
pyramids ; and if the latter extraordinary monu-
ments excite our curiosity in a country where the
same gigantic taste pervaded every work of sculp-
ture as well as architecture, how much more im-
pressive is this solitary remain, that stands —
" Sublime and sad
Bearing the weight of years ! " —
Beside these buildings, of which more than fifty
are at present standing, the date of whose form-
ation is not known, none others in Ireland de-
serve notice as works of art. On the round tower,
therefore, rests the only proof of the skill and
knowledge of the early inhabitants of Ireland ;
ponderous masses of uncouth stones, tumuli and
mounds, being works equally common to the rude
state of other nations.
The conjectures offered as to the use of the
round tower are numerous as well as satisfactory.
By some they are supposed to have been the
abodes of solitary anchorites ; by others, to have
contained the sacred fire worshipped before the
Christian era; some, again, maintain that they
were places of temporary penance, and others state
them to have been belfries ; nor does any pecu-
liarity of situation, except in the vicinity of a
church, assist the antiquary in his inquiry.
I find the following novel purpose of their erec-
tion in one of Mr. Crofton Croker's amusing works
on the reliques of Ireland, as replete with anti-
quarian lore as with those quaint repartees so
characteristic of the lower class of the Irish pea-
santry :
" Mr. W , of the Ordnance, whilst on an official
tour of inspection in Ireland, seeing a labourer near one
of the martello towers on the coast, carelessly asked him
if he knew for what purpose it was built ? —'To be sure
I do your honour,' replied he archly ; ' for the same pur-
pose as our ould round towers.' ' And pray what may
that have been ? ' inquired Mr. W , in the belief of
receiving some traditional information. ' Why, your
worship,' returned Pat, ' the only use in them that I can
Bee is just to bother posterity.' "
Some extracts from the opinions of Vallancey,
Tanner, Betham, Dr. Petrie, and other Irish his-
torians would be acceptable to many of the readers
of "N. & Q.," as well as a subject worthy of dis-
cussion in its pages. J. M. G.
Worcester.
SHAKSPEARIANA,
" All the world's a stage :" Shdkspeare and
Erasmus, — The following passage is from a book
Shakspeare must have read. Challoner's Transla-
tion of Erasmus's "Praise of Folie" has, I think,
been overlooked by over-read commentators :
" So likewise all this life of mortall men, what is it els
but a certaine kynde of stage plaie? Whereas men come
foorthe disguised one in one arraie, an other in an other,
eche plaiying his parte, till at last the maker of the
plaie or bokebearer, causeth them to avoyde the skaf-
folde, and yet sometyme maketh one man come in, two
or three tymes, with sundrie partes and apparaile, as
who before represented a kynge, beying clothed all in
purple, havyng no more but shyfted hym self a little,
shoulde shew hym selfe againe lyke* an woobegon-
myser." — The Praise of Folie. Moriae Encomium : a
booke made in latine by that great Clerke Erasmus Ro-
terodame. Englished by Sir Thomas Chaloner, knight,
Anno MDXLIX. (1549). P. 43.
As a proof of Shakspeare's knowing the book,
I select the following additional extract :
" Seying all Doctours take it commenly for theyr pri-
velege to nede out leaven (that is to saie) holy writ like
a cheverell skin."
Who does not remember the Fool's saying :
" A sentence is but a cheveril glove to a good wit."
The following passage from Erasmus seems to
well illustrate the behaviour of Hamlet when
lying at Ophelia's feet : —
" Post hsec prandium, a prandio stationes, nugae face-
tiaeque, sparsim procumbent puellaa, in harum gremium se
conjicient viri. Quae neminem repellit maxime laudatur
a civilitate." — Erasmus, Christiani Matrimonii Insti-
tutio. Fol. Lugd. Pp. 716, 717.
G. W. T.
"Racke" or " Wreck" Shakspeare, « Tempest"
Act IV. Sc. 1. (2nd S. i. 425.) — Sometimes we
may justly exclaim, " plague on critics !" who will
puzzle us with their logomachies, and who will
not be satisfied to obey the old admonition, " let
well alone." While I read the article of your
correspondent, I accidentally take a peep from
my window ; and over the top of the lofty Ben-
lomond, I see dense masses of dark clouds which
have gathered, and are pouring out their watery
treasures — shortly a speck of blue cloud becomes
visible — this gradually more and more expands —
the horizon is again clear — and not a rack or
vestige remains of the former aspects.
Now, I cannot help thinking that Shakspeare
2n* S. N" 29., JULY 19. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
45
had been, " once on a time," among the mountains
of Scotland, and had witnessed the many beauti-
ful phenomena which their tops often put on in
their misty " cloud-capp'd towers" and " gorgeous
palaces" — that he had carefully watched their
rolling storms — the dispersing of the vapours
absolutely reduced to a film, leaving " not a rack
behind" — all of which had conveyed to his highly
sensitive imagination one of the most sublime
images with which our poetry is graced. I have
also a kind of idea that the poet had heard the
people of the northern country, in a morning like
this (June 4), alternating with sunshine and
showers, using an expression at this moment fa-
miliar, that " the day would rack up ;" or, in other
words, that the weather would soon be settled and
dry, and nowhere any traces exist of the frowning
atmosphere, — the force of his simile upon a
native ear reminding one of that which would be
communicated to an Asiatic in the ornate language
of " the Song of Solomon :"
" For lo the winter is past, the rain is over and gone,
the flowers appear on the earth, the time of the singing
of birds is come, and the voice of the turtle (dove) is
heard in our land," &c.
I have no doubt but that rack was the true
word employed by Shakspeare ; and that his com-
mentators, however learned and ingenious they
may be, do him infinite injustice by such emend-
ations as "track,*' "wrack," "reek," &c. The
lines of the Earl of Stirling, who could write
(1603) —
" Those stately courts, those sky- encountering walls,
Evanish like the vapours of the air," —
perfectly explain Shakspeare's metaphor, that
nobleman having been, before his creation by
James I., Sir William Alexander of Menstrie (a
village situated at the base of the Ochil Hills),
and to whose eyes the appearances he describes
must have been of common occurrence. G. N.
Allow me to add a little in confirmation of Q.'s
argument, by subjoining to it the two following
quotations from the same play, The Tempest, in
which the disputed reading occurs :
" Alon. If thou beast Prospero
Giue us particulars of thy preservation,
How thou hast met us heere, whom three howres since
Were wrackt vpon this shore."
Tempest, Act V. Sc. 1.
" Pros. Know for certain
That I am Prospero, and that very Duke
Which was thrust forth of Millaine, who most strangely
Vpon this shore (where you were wrackt} was landed
To be the Lord on't."
Id. ib.
R.
Passage in « Atfs Well that Ends Weir (2nd S.
i. 494.) — A sense may be found in the quoted
lines, although not a very poetical one. John-
son and Malone (see their notes) are wrong,
and so is Mr. Singer, in their personification of
" hate." They consider " sleeping hate " and
"dreadful, revengeful, ruthless hate" as being
synonymous, and so their meaning must be, that,
if hate had not slept, the mischief would not have
been done ; but that is an error in calculo : "hate,"
of course, can only be active when awake; sleep-
ing, he is — like Anteus lifted up from his mother
earth — without force, and so is "love."* "Hate"
and " love," directed towards the same object, can
not be awake at the same time.
What I have found in the two lines is this :
" Love " fell asleep, and by this fact, and in the
same moment, " hate " was awaking, and did mis-
chief, profiting by " love's " sleep. Too late, after
" hate " being tired, " love " awakes, and u cries
to see what's done," while, at the same time,
" shameful hate " like a gourmand, surfeited by a
luxurious repast, " sleeps out the afternoon.'*
If that is not poesy, at least it is sense.
F. A. LEO.
Berlin.
Kneller' s Portrait of Shakspeare. — In Dry den's
Poem to Sir Godfrey Kneller, printed in the 4th
volume of the Miscellany Poems, the poet speaks
of a portrait of Shakspeare painted by and given
to him by Kneller :
" Shakspeare thy Gift, I place before my sight ;
WTith Awe, I ask his blessing e're I write ;
With Reverence look on his Majestick Face ;
Proud to be less ; but of his Godlike Race.
His Soul inspires me while thy Praise I write,
And I like Teucer, under Ajax fight ;
Bids thee, through me, be bold ; with dauntless breast,
Contemn the bad, and emulate the best," &c.
And a side note on the first words refers to —
" Shakspeare's Picture, drawn by Sir Godfrey Kneller,
and given to the author."
Is anything known of this picture at the present
time ? From what did Kneller make his copy ?
as it is not likely he would have taken the trouble
to copy a picture without being first satisfied
that it was a genuine portrait. K. P. S.
POLITICAL POEM.
As the political squibs of the last century are thought
worthy of being collected, I send you a copy of verses,
the appearance of which bear witness to its having been
written at the time when the subject it refers to was
of recent occurrence. I am nqt aware whether it has
* See as analogous : F. A. Leo, Beitrage und Verbesser-
ungeu zu Shakespeares Dramen nach handschriftlichen
Anderungen, &c. &c., 1853, Berlin, A. Asher & Co., page
130, some remarks about the word " invisible.".
46
NOTES AND QUERIES.
s. NO 29., JULT 19. '56,
ever been published, but at least I suppose it in few
hands.
JONATHAN COUCH.
Polperro.
Now Phabus did ye world wth frowns swrvey,
Dark wear ye Clouds, and dismal was ye day,
When pensive Harley from ye Court returncf ;
Slow by his Chariot mov'd, as that had mourn'd.
Heavy the mules before ye statesman goe,
As dragging an unusual weight of woe ;
Sad was his aspect, and he waking dreams
Of plots abortive and of rvin'd schemes :
Like some sad youth, whose greifs alone survie,
Mourns a dead mistress or a wife alive.
Such looks would Russels Funeral Trump grace,
So Notingham still looke, wth such a dismal face.
To Kensington's high tower, bright Masham flyes,
Thence she affar ye sad procession spyes ;
Whear ye late statesman dos in sorrow ride,
His Welsh supporter mourning by his side.
At wich her boundless grief sad Cryes began,
And thus lamenting thro the Court she ran :
" Hither, yee wretched Toryes, hither Come,
Behold ye Godlike Hero's fatal doom.
If e're yee went with ravishing delight
To hear his Banter and admire his Bite,
Now to his sorrow yeild the last releif,
Who once was all your hopes is now your grief.
Had this Great Man his envy'd Post enjoy'd,
Torys had rul'd and Whiggs had been destroy'd :
Harcourt the mace to which he long aspir'd
Had now possess'd, and Cowper had retir'd ;
Sunderland had been forc'd his place to quitt,
Which St. Johns had supplyd with sprightly witt ;
Sage Hanmer passing Court employment by
Had ruld the Coffers Toryes to supply.
Gower had shin'd with rich Newcastle's seal,
And Harley's self (to shew his humble zeale)
Had been contented with that triffling wand
Which now dos mischeif in Godolphin's hand :
Our Fleets secure had been Rook's tender care,
And Ormond had been sent to Head the warr,
Bleinheim to Radnor had been forc'd to yeild,
And Cardiff Cliffs obscur'd Ramellis' ffeild."
Cheap Travelling on Cows. — In an article on
"Fashions," in Encyclopedia Britannica, 8th edit.,
Part II., vol. ix., the following illustration occurs :
" We have never heard of any one who followed the
fashion set and advocated by Asclepiades, who tried to
bring cheap locomotion into general favour, and who
travelled about the world on a cow, living on her milk
by the way."
Since I wrote that article, however, I have met
with mention of a town in which this example
was followed. In the Voyage of Italy, by Richard
Lassels, Gent., — a book which was printed in Paris
in 1670, and the author of which had made the
" voyage " five times as tutor to " several of the
English nobility and gentry," — the subjoined sin-
gular instance may be met with :
" I observed in this town (Piacenza)" a valuable piece
of thriftiness used by the gentlewomen, who make no
scruple to be carried to their country nouses near the
town in coaches drawn by two cows yoked together.
These will carry the Signora a pretty round trot unto her
villa; they afford her also a dish of their milk, and, after
collation, bring her home again at night, without spending
a penny."
J. DOBAN.
An Advertisement. — Whether this advertise-
ment, which I have as a printed post-bill, was
ever^ posted on the walls of Coleraine I know not,
but it possesses sufficient peculiarities of phrase to
be preserved in " N. & Q." as a curiosity. S.
" To be Let,
To an Oppidan, a Ruricolest, or a Cosmopolitan, and may
be entered upon immediately,
The House in STONE Row, lately possessed by CAPT.
SIREE. To avoid Verbosity, the Proprietor with Com-
pendiosity will give a Perfunctory description of the
Premisses, in the Compagination of which he has Sedu-
lously studied the convenience of the Occupant — it is free
from Opacity, Tenebrosity, Fumidity, and Injucundity,
and no building can have greater Pellucidity or Trans-
lucency — in short its Diaphaneity even in the Crepuscle
makes it like a Pharos, and without Laud, for its Agglu-
timation and Amenity, it is a most Delectable Commo-
rance ; and whoever lives in it will find that the Neigh-
bours have none of the Truculence, the Immanity, the
Torvity, the Spinosity, the Putidness, the Pugnacity —
nor the Fugacity observable in other parts of the town,
their Propinquity and Consanguinity, occasions Jucundity
and Pudicity — from which and the Redolence of the
place (even in the dog-days) they are remarkable for
Longevity. For terms and particulars apply to JAMES
HUTCHISON opposite the MARKET HOUSE."
« Colerain, 30th September, 1790."
Cat Worship. — The cat, which old ladies love
and cherish with Egyptian fondness, but with just
enough of romance in their affection to acquit
them of idolatry, was one of the sacred animals
before which that people bowed in worship to
their sidereal deities. It seems to have owed its
consecration and divine honours to a peculiar
physical attribute, the contractibility and dilatability
of the pupil of the eye, exhibiting so mysterious
an illustration of, and (as a matter of course)
relation to the moon's changes, as to give rise to
the notion that the animal shared in some degree
the influence of that luminary ! I do not know
whether there was any correspondence in point of
time in these supposed ocular demonstrations of
the lunar phases, to give birth to so monstrous a
superstition. F. PHILLOTT.
Pronunciation of English Words ending in -il.
— There are very few words with this termination
in English: five only occur to my recollection,
peril, civil, council, evil, and devil. Of these the
2nd s. N« 29., JULY 19. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
47
three first, as derived from French words of the
same termination, are always pronounced as if
they ended in -ill.
But until lately the two lasb were always pro-
nounced as they would have been had they been
written respectively evle and devle ; and I believe
that they were rightly so pronounced, with re-
ference to their etymologies. They are neither of
them derived from foreign words which have i in
the last syllable ; evil is the Saxon ypel, ^and devil
the Saxon beopul, contracted beopl, and in the ad-
jective form, beopho. So in the German the words
are teufel and ubel, both ending in the same ob-
scure sound which we give to le when those
letters follow another consonant as a termination.
Within a few years a change has taken place,
but I never could hear any cause alleged for the
change, except a desire to assimilate these two
words with other English words ending in the
same letters.
To make the pronunciation, when long and rea-
sonably established, yield to the letters, seems to
me a very unphilological proceeding. Our
American brothers, indeed, pronounce to as if it
were written toe, and the last syllable of genuine
as they do the word wine, &c. But knowing, as
we do, how very inconsistent our orthography is
with our certain and established pronunciation, it
would surely be wiser (if we are to make changes)
to accommodate our letters to our sounds, than to
pervert our sounds for the sake of the letters.
E. C. H.
"Antiquites du Bosphore Cimmerien" — Antiqui-
ties of the Cimmerian Bosphorus, preserved in the
Museum of the Hermitage ; published by order of
the Emperor, St. Petersburg ; printed at the
printing offices of the Academy of Sciences, 1854
seq.y 3 vols., fol. (plates).
This splendid work, containing the' representa-
tions and description of some Crimean remnants of
the goldsmith's art, &c., of the best Greek period,
is intended as a present for princely personages,
the public libraries, and art-institutions of Europe.
I shall give a review of it in one of the art-
journals here. DR. J. LOTSKY, Panslave.
15. Gower Street, London.
Stencilled Books.— -A book on vellum was given
to me some time back, which was described in the
catalogue as " Missce falienses ex domu Chante-
loup, a beautifully-written MS., 1751." Upon
looking carefully into the book, I found it was
not written but stencilled, and then carefully
finished with a pen. I never ha /e seen a sten-
cilled book except this, and so have made a note
of it. There were other copies of this taken, for I
met with one in a recent catalogue. Can any of
your correspondents give other instances of this
process, and explain the title of this book ?
J. C. J.
Jews' Bread. — Dipping into the Plantarium of
my favourite Cowley, I find it noted that " in old
time the seed of the white poppy, parched, was
served up as a dessert." By this I am reminded,
that white poppy-seeds are eaten to this day upon
bread made exclusively for Jews. The "twist"
bread is generally so prepared, by brushing over
the outside crust with egg, and sprinkling upon it
the seed. JOHN TIMES.
Sloane Street.
Clandestine Opening of Letters in the last Cen-
tury. — Goethe, when discussing after the general
peace of 1815, some political subjects with Luden,
the historian, made to him the following rather
uncomplimentary observation : " You must not
suppose that any thing which you have broached
to me has not before attracted my attention."
That the clandestine opening of letters by some
or other post offices was then well known, and
guarded against, we perceive from the following
letter written by the great German poet, dated
Rome, February 16, 1788 :
" Through the Prussian Courier (!) I 'received lately
a letter from our Duke, as friendly, loving, good, and
pleasing as possible. As he could write without appre-
hension (!), he described to me the whole political posi-
tion, his own, and so on."
As the date of Goethe's letter refers to the latter
years of the reign of Frederic II. of Prussia and
Joseph II. of Austria, it is easy to conjecture
which of the two powers then excited public ap-
prehension. J. LOTSKY.
15. Gower Street, London.
FRANCIS FITTON.
In the chancel of the church of Gawsworth, co.
Chester, there is a monument with the recum-
bent effigy of Francis Fitton, Esq., and round the
edges of the tomb the following inscription :
"Here lyeth Fraunces Fitton, Esquire, who married
Katherine contes doager of Northumberlond, and third
brother of Sir Edward Fitton, deceased, of Gawsworth,
kt, lord president of Conough " (i. e. Connaught).
On the arches supporting the tomb are shields
of arms, and underneath them a headless skeleton
lying in a robe. Can any of your learned readers
inform me whether any thing is known concern-
ing this Francis Fitton ? Does the headless
skeleton indicate his having met with a violent
death in some conflict in Ireland in those lawless
days?
There is also a full length portrait of this Fran-
cis Fitton in the hall at Gawsworth, with this in-
scription round the frame :
" Francis Fyton, married w* Katberine countes of Nor -
thu'br., dowger, a° 1588, eldest of the dougbters and co-
48
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2*a S. N° 29., JULY 19. '56.
beires of Joh' Neville, kt, Lord Latynaer, being tbyrd
sone of Edw. Fyton of Gaw,sworth, kt. (who maried Mary
ye younger doughter and coheir of Sir Vigitt Harbutell,
in Northu'br., kn., and Elenor, her elder sister, maried
w* Sr Tho. Percy, kn., afterward ataynted, being father by
her to Tho. and Henry Percy, knts., and both in their
tymes earles of Northu'br. and restored by Q. Mary),
brother to Edward Fyton,kn., lord president of Conaghte
and thresorer of Ireland, and sone and heyre to th' afore-
said Edward, "which thresorer and his wife decessed in
Irlonde, and lye both buried in St. Patric's church in
Dublin."
Ormerod, in his History of Cheshire, suggests
that the skeleton has probably reference to the
attainder of Sir Thomas Percy, but why ? Per-
haps after all it is but an emblem of mortality.
Local tradition asserts that Francis Fitton fell in
battle, and only his body, from which the head had
been severed, could be found. This ancient family
became extinct in the direct line by the death of
Sir Edward Fitton in 1643. OXONIENSIS.
QUERIES RESPECTING THE GAMAGE FAMILY.
1. What is the import or etymology of the name
Gamage ? Is it of Saxon or of .Norman origin, or
of neither ?
2. What is the coat of arms of the family of
Gamage, and whence its origin ?
3. Can any traces of the family, the disposition
of the family estates, titles, its origin, &c., be dis-
covered ? If so, from what sources ?
4. Is it possible from any records of emigration,
shipping and naval lists, to ascertain what branch
of the Gamage family emigrated to New England
about 1700, or previously? and from what port
they sailed, and where was their place of residence
in England previous to their emigration ? We
find from a parish record in Cambridge, Massa-
chusetts, that one Joshua Gamage was there in
1710, the date of his marriage to a Deborah
Wyeth ; but when he came from England does
not appear.
5. Can anything be obtained, by way of family
history, from monumental inscriptions, parish,
church, and county, national and heraldic records,
and records of knighthood, grants of land, and
conveyances of estate, wills, &c., and where can
these be found ?
6. Is there any place named Royiode, or any-
thing similar, in co. Hertford (or Hertfordshire),
England ? and if so, could not some traces be
found of the Gamage family, provided their re-
sidence was there ; or any part of the coat armour
derived from that place ? Royiode may not be
the whole name of the place, but the last half of
it. The old Saxon word royd, meaning clearing,
is a frequent termination of the names of towns,
and was sometimes used in connection with the
name of a proprietor, as Monkroyd, Martinrode,
and also Okenrode, Acroyd, Hoilinsrode, &c.
7. Where is Clerkenshalls in Scotland, and what
possible connection can that place have with the
Gamage family or their coat armour ? When was
Sir Thomas Gamage knighted; by whom, and
what was the order of his knighthood ?
The result of any investigations in relation to
the Gamage family will oblige the inquirer.
ANON,
flatter fetf.
" A daring Pilot in Adversity" — From what
author is the following quotation (made in the
last page of vol. i. of Sir Robert Peel's Memoirs}
taken :
' . . . . When waves run high
A daring pilot in adversity? "
D. G.
Aristotle's Proverbs. — The Rev. Thomas Wil-
son, in a lecture on the " Philosophy of Proverbs,"
in the Popular Lecturer, ^states that " Aristotle
made a collection of them." Is this collection still
existing ? I never heard of it, W. S. D.
Ode by Lord Byron. — In an excellent collec-
tion of fugitive poetry of the nineteenth century,
entitled The Laurel, published by Tilt in 1841, is
an ode ascribed to Lord Byron. It consists of
nine stanzas, is characterised by considerable
merit, and is a vehement invective against the
French people for their desertion and neglect of
Napoleon when fortune no longer attended his
arms. The first stanza is as follows :
" Oh, shame to thee, land of the Gaul !
Oh, shame to thy children and thee !
Unwise in thy glory, and base in thy fall,
How wretched thy portion shall be 1
Derision shall strike thee forlorn,
A mockery that never shall die ;
The curses of hate, and the hisses of scorn,
Shall burthen the winds of thy sky ;
And proud o'er thy ruin, for ever be hurled
The laughter of triumph, the jeers of the world."
I should be glad to know by what authority this
energetic ode is attributed to Lord Byron ; or to
whom it may with greater truth be ascribed.
WILLIAM BATES.
Birmingham.
Presfar John. — More information respecting
this myth (if myth he is) is required than is to be
found in 1st S. vii. 502. ; x. 186. Why do writers
cite the length of his foot, rather -t than any other
characteristic he may possess ? ANON.
Mr. Bathursfs Disappearance. — Was anything
certain ascertained relative to the fate of Mr.
Bathurst, who disappeared mysteriously during a
mission abroad in the course of our great war
against Bonaparte ? I found, at an old book-
seller's in Paris, some years ago, the MS. journal
of Mrs. Bathurst, who was a sister of Sir G. P.
2nd s. NO 29., JULY 19. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
49
Call, Bart, and banker. It is very curious and
interesting. I believe one of her daughters was
drowned in the Tiber. Is the other still living ?
A BOOKWORM.
"Jokeby." — Can you tell me who is the author
of Jokeby, a burlesque imitation of Rokeby, pub-
lished in or about 1812? The same author pub-
lished, shortly afterwards, a volume called The
Accepted Addresses. R. J.
Fellow of Trinity. — There is a letter from the
Earl of Sandwich to Garrick (in the 2nd volume
of the Garrick Correspondence, p. 329.) regarding
a play written by a gentleman of Cambridge. In
the earl's letter, which is dated Jan. 8, 1779, he
says regarding the author :
" I believe he has lost some emolument he had in
Trinity College, of which he is a Fellow, on account of
his attachment to me, which led him to oppose the
Master upon some points in which I interfered," &c.
Could any of your readers inform me who was
the Fellow of Trinity College here alluded to ?
R. J.
Was Addison a Plagiarist? — I read the other
day, that the well-known paraphrase of Psalm xix.,
" The spacious firmament on high,
With all the blue ethereal sky," &c.
so generally ascribed to Addison, was composed
by Andrew Marvel; and that Dr. Johnson re-
peated it as his.
I know it has been a fashion to lay other men's
productions at Andrew's door ; but the object of
my Query is to ascertain if there is any well-sup-
ported charge of plagiarism against Addison on
record. JOHN J. PENSTONE.
Stanford-ia-the-Vale.
Meaning of Hayne. — What is the explanation
of the word hayne, which forms the termination of
the names of a great many places, chiefly farms,
in my neighbourhood, such as WoodAa^we, Cown-
hayne, Willhayne, and at least a dozen others.
J.E.
Temple at Baalbec. — Who is supposed to have
founded the Temple of the Sun at Baalbec, in
Syria ? What ancient historians notice its origin
or existence ? And what modern books are there
on the subject ? HAWADJI.
Fossil Human Skeleton. — Is it true that a, fossil
human skeleton was very lately found in a free-
stone quarry near Fondel, in Scotland ?
W. ELFE TATLER.
" The Philistines" — Who is the author of The
Philistines, or The Scotch Tocsin sounded, a political
drama, published in 1793 ? R. J.
Weldons of Swanscombe, co. Kent. — I am de-
sirous of obtaining all the information possible
regarding the family of Weldon, especially that
branch of it which settled in the county of Kent.
From Hasted's History I learn that the manor of
Swanscombe was possessed by the Weldons from
the thirty-sixth year of Henry VIII. down to
1731. In that year died Walter Weldon, whose
heirs conveyed their estate by sale to Thomas
Blechynden, Esq.
Can any of your readers supply me with the
further history of the Swanscombe Weldons, and
bring down their line to the present day ? One
Colonel Weldon, said to be "of Swanscombe,"
was living in the year 1827, and bore the arms of
the family, which are " Argent, a cinquefoil (or
mullet) gules ; on a chief of the second, a demi-
lion rampant, issuant of the field, armed and
langued azure." H. E. W.
York.
Edward Stanley, B.A. — Could any of your
readers give me information regarding Edward
Stanley, B.A., who is author of Elmira, a dra-
matic poem, printed at Norwich in 1790 ? R. J.
Punishment for Striking in the King's Court.
" The Serjeant of the King's Wood-yard brings to the
place of execution a square block, a beetle, staple, and
cords to fasten the hands thereto; the yeoman of the
scullery provides a great fire of coals by the block, where
the searing-irons, brought by the chief farrier, are to be
ready for the chief surgeon to use ; vinegar and cold
water, brought by the groom of the saucery ; the chief
officers also of the cellar and pantry are to be ready, one
with a cup of red wine, and the other with a manchet, to
offer the criminal. The serjeant of the ewry is to bring
linen to wind about and wrap the arm ; the yeoman of
the poultry a cock to lay to it ; the yeoman of the chan-
dlery seared cloths; the master-cook a sharp dresser-
knife, which at the place of execution is to be held
upright by the serjeant of the larder, till execution be
performed by an officer appointed thereunto. After all,
the criminal shall be imprisoned during life, and fined
and ransomed at the king's will."
So far Chamberlain, in his Present State of Great
Britain, 1741. Is there any case on record where
such a sentence has been carried into execution
with all its extraordinary formalities ? WX.
Minatrost. — A CORRESPONDENT begs to know
the meaning of the word minatrost, which is men-
tioned in Charles Auchester, vol. i. p. 42. (a novel).
Minor ^aucrferf Suits
" The Little Whig" — Speaking of the theatre
erected by Sir John Vanbrugh on the site of the
present opera-house in the Haymarket, called the
Queen's in honour of Queen Anne, and which has
always retained the royal prefix, Cibber says :
" Of this theatre I saw the first stone laid, on which was
inscribed « The Little Whig,' in honour to a lady of ex-
50
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd s. NO 29., JULY 19. '56.
traordinary beauty, then the celebrated toast and pride of
that party." — Apology, ed^. 1750, pp. 257, 258.
Who was the lady referred to ?
CHARLES WYLIE.
[The "Little Whig" was Anne, Countess of Sunder-
land, second daughter of the great Duke of Marlboro*ugh.
This lady, who was rather petite in person, did not disdain
the cognomen conferred upon her, at a time when every-
thing bore the ensigns of party of one kind or other. Her
death on April 15, 1716, is thus noticed in The Political
State of that date : " On April 15, about two of the clock,
Anne, Countess of Sunderland, daughter of John, Duke of
Marlborough, died of a pleuritick fever ; a lady, who by
her personal accomplishments outshined all the British
court, being the general toast by the name of The Little
Whig; who, for her excellent endowments of mind, good-
nature, and affability, was justly lamented by all that
knew her; and whose irreparable loss, in a particular
manner, affected both her illustrious father and consort."
Among the verses of the Earl of Halifax, given in
Tonson's Miscellany, edited by Drj'den, are the following
lines on the Countess of Sunderland, inscribed on the
toasting-glasses of the Kit-Cat Club:
" All Nature's charms in Sunderland appear,
Bright as her eyes, and as her reason clear ;
Yet still their force, to men not safely known,"
Seems undiscovered to herself alone."
Dr. Arbuthnot in the following epigram seems to de-
rive the name of this celebrated club from the custom of
toasting ladies after dinner, rather than from the name
of the renowned pastry-cook, Christopher Cat:
" Whence deathless Kit Cat took its name
Few critics can unriddle,
Some say from Pastry-cook it came,
And some from Cat and Fiddle.
From no trim beaux its name it boasts,
Grey statesmen or green wits ;
But from its pell-mell pack of toasts
Of old Cats and young Kits!"}
Marston Moreton, co. Bucks [Beds f]. — Sarah,
Duchess of Marlborough, widow of the great
duke, devised the manor and estate of Marston
Moreton to the Hon. John Spencer, her grandson.
Query, did he not subsequently change his name?
On what account ? Whom did he marry ? And
of his descendants? JAMES KNOWLES.
[Marston-Moretaine is in Bedfordshire, and according
to Lysons (Beds, vol. i. p. 114.) the Duchess of Marlbo-
rough bequeathed this manor, with the rest of her Bed-
fordshire estates, to her grandson, the Hon. John Spencer,
who also became possessor of the manor of Dunton in
Bucks by the will of the Duchess. The Hon. John
Spencer, of Althorp, was the fourth and youngest son of
Charles, third Earl of Sunderland, by Lady Anne
Churchill, the "little Whig," noticed in the preceding
article, and was born May 13, 1708; M.P. for Wood-
stock, 1731-2; Bedford, 1734, 1741, and 1744; Ranger
and Keeper of Windsor Green Park. Obit, at Wimbledon,
June 20. 1746. He married Georgiana Caroline Carteret,
third daughter of the first Earl Granville. Their son
John was created, in 1761, Viscount and Baron Spencer
of Althorp, and in 1766, Earl Spencer and Viscount Al-
thorp. See any Peerage, as well as Lipscomb's Bucks, iii.
342., for the pedigree of the Spencer family.]
Port Jackson. — Fordyce, in his History of
Durham, sub verb, "Greatham," writing of Mr.
Ralph Ward Jackson, the founder of West Hartle-
pool, says :
" In honour of Mr. Jackson, the last ship launched by
Mr. John Pile at Sunderland was christened the ' Port
Jackson.' It may be here stated that Captain Cook, the
great circumnavigator, in order to perpetuate his grati-
tude and friendship for Sir George Jackson, Bart., one of
his earliest benefactors, gave the name of ' Port Jackson '
to the noble harbour he discovered near Botany Bay, in
New South Wales, on the 6th May, 1770."
In the Gazetteer of the World, edited by a
Member of the Royal Geographical Society, sub
verb. " Jackson " (Port), it is said :
" This harbour, perhaps the finest in the world, pre-
senting fifteen miles of deep water, completely protected,
was overlooked by Cook, who laid it down in his chart as a
mere boat-haven. Captain Philip first explored it in Ja-
nuary, 1788, and bestowed on it the name of the man who
was on the look-out when it was discovered"
As both accounts cannot be correct, will the
Editor of " N. & Q.," or a contributor, say which
is f R. W. DIXON.
Seaton Carew, co. Durham.
[After reading these different accounts we are re-
minded of Merrick's chameleon, for "both are right, and
both are wrong," in some particulars. The facts, we be-
lieve, are as follow : Captain Arthur Philip, on being ap-
pointed Governor of Botany Bay, proceeded with three
boats and some of his officers to examine what Captain
Cook had termed Broken Bay, where the Hawkesbury
disembogues ; but while proceeding thither, he resolved
to examine an inlet, which, in Cook's chart, was marked
as a boat harbour, but apparently so small as not to be
worth investigating. Cook had therefore passed to the
northward, and given the inlet the name of Port Jackson,
which was that of the seaman at the mast-head, who first
descried it while on the look-out. Capt. Philip entered
between the lofty headlands to examine this " boat har-
bour," and his astonishment may be more easily con-
ceived than described, when he found, not a boat creek,
but one of the safest havens in the world, where the
whole of the British navy might securely ride at anchor.
— Consult R. Montgomery Martin's Colonial Library,
vol. ii. p. 24.]
Navigation by Steam. —
" Earl Stanhope's experiments for navigating vessels by
the steam-engine, without masts or sails, have succeeded
so much to his satisfaction on a small scale, that a vessel
of 200 tons burden, on this principle, is now building
under his direction. The expence of this vessel is to be
paid by the Navy Board in the first instance, on condition
that, if she do not answer after a fair trial, she shail be
returned to Earl Stanhope, and all the expence made
good by him."— Historical Chronicle of the "Bee," for
1792, pi 23.
Is there any farther account of the result of the
experiments and of the plans of this patriotic no-
bleman ? G. 1ST.
[A similar account of the earl's steam-vessel appeared
in the Gentleman's Magazine for October, 1792 (p. 956.),
where it is stated that it was then being built under his
direction by Mr. Stalkart ; but we hear nothing more of
it. About this time, Robert Fulton, an American, then
living at Torbay in Devonshire, held some correspondence
with Earl Stanhope on the subject of moving ships by a
2nd S. NO 29., JULY 19. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
51
steam-engine. In 1795, the Earl revived the project of
Genevois, the pastor of Berne, to impel boats with duck-
feet oars, but he could not cause his vessel to move at a
higher rate than three miles an hour.]
Kepltaf.
CHARLES LENNOX, FIRST DUKE OF RICHMOND.
(2nd S. ii. 5.)
The following account of the Duke of Rich-
mond's reconversion to the English Church is pre-
served in Bishop Kennett's Collections, vol. liv.
p, 216. (Lansdown MS. 988.), and is entitled :
" The Declaration of the Duke of Richmond, when he
was restored to the Communion of the Church of England
in Lambeth Palace, May loth, being Whit-Sunday, 1692."
" Do you sincerely, in the presence of Almighty God,
the Searcher of all hearts, and before this assembly, de-
clare your hearty contrition and repentance for having
publicly renounced and abjured the Reformed Religion
professed in the Church of England, in which you were
baptized and bred? And that you are truly sensible
that in so doing you have grievously offended Almighty
God, and given just cause of scandal to others, for which
you beg forgiveness of God and men ?
" Answer. All this I do declare from my heart.
" Do you solemnly retract the said abjuration, and now
sincerely renounce all the errors and corruptions of the
Church of Rome; being convinced in your conscience,
that in many of their doctrines and practices they have
departed from the primitive Christianity: particularly,
do 3'ou renounce all the new articles which Pope Pius IV.
hath added to the Apostles' Creed, and which were esta-
blished in the Council of Trent?
" Ans. I do sincerely, as in the presence of God.
" Do you solemnly promise before God and this con-
gregation, that you will, by God's grace, continue steel-
fast in the profession you have made to the end of your
life?
" Ans. I promise, by the grace of God, so to do.
" Do you desire to be admitted to Confirmation accord-
ing to the Order of the Church of England, to the Com-
munion whereof you are now restored ?
" Ans. It is my desire.
" The Duke of Richmond's Declaration, subscribed with his
hand, May 15, 1692.
" I, Charles Duke of Richmond and Lenox, do sincerely
in the presence of Almighty God, the Searcher of all
hearts, and before this Assembly, declare my hearty con-
trition and repentance for having publicly renounced and
abjured the Reformed Religion professed in the Church of
England, in which I was baptized and bred. And am
truly sensible, that in so doing I have grievously offended
Almighty God, and given just cause of scandal to others :
for which I beg forgiveness of God and men. And I do
solemnly retract the said abjuration, and do now sin-
cerely renounce all the errors and corruptions of the
Church of Rome, being convinced in my conscience that
m many of their doctrines and practices they have de-
parted from the primitive Christianity. Particularly, I
do renounce all the new articles which Pope Pius IV.
hath added to the Apostles' Creed, and which were esta-
blished in the Council of Trent. And I do solemnly
promise before God and this congregation, that I will by
God s grace continue stedfast in the profession I have now
made to the end of my life. And in testimony of this
my unfeigned repentance and resolut lons> I do hereunto
subscribe my name, the loth day of Mt/V 1692.
RICHMOND.
« In the presence of Step. Fox, James C^adwick, Geo.
Royse, Ra. Barker, A. Hill, Ralph Snow."
J. .J/EOWELL.
ROYAL REGIMENT OF ARTILLERY.
(2nd S. i. 278.)
The following notice of the distinct forma tion
of the Royal Fusileers and Royal Regiment of
Artillery, will set the question of the identity of
these corps at rest. I have inserted a quotation
from Mr. Cannon's Records of the British Arm^
which may be interesting to your readers.
R. R. A. will find a history of his regiment af
Mr. J. W. Parker's establishment in the Strand ;
also in Kane's History of the Royal Artillery t in
the garrison library at Woolwich : —
" In 1664 King Charles II. raised a corps for sea-
service, styled the Admiral's regiment. In 1678 each
company of 100 men usually consisted of 30 pikemen,
60 musketeers, and 10 men armed with light firelocks.
In this year the King added a company of men armed
with hand-grenades to each of the old British regiments,
which was designated the « grenadier company.' Daggers
were so contrived as to fit in the muzzles of the muskets,
and bayonets, similar to those at present in use, were
adopted" about twenty years afterwards.
" An Ordnance regiment was raised in 1685, by order
of King James II., to guard the artillery, and was desig-
nated the Royal Fusiliers (now 7th Foot). This corps,
and the companies of grenadiers, did not carry pikes.
" Queen Anne succeeded to the throne of England,
March 8, 1702 ; and during her reign, the pikes hitherto
in use were laid aside, and every infant^ soldier was
armed with a musket, bayonet, and sword ; the grenadiers
ceased, about the same period, to carry hand grenades:
the corps of Royal Artillery was first added to the army
in this reign."
The first Colonel-commandant of the Royal
Artillery was Albert Borgard, who was appointed
April 14, 1705 ; and died in 1750, on March 8 of
which year he was succeeded by Colonel William
Belford.
The occasion of raising the corps now known
as the 7th Regiment, or Royal Fusileers, was as
follows. The invention of gunpowder, in 1320,
was followed in 1338 by the introduction of can-
non ; but many years elapsed before a corps of
artillery was added to the army. The guns were
fired by men hired for the purpose : non-com- '
missioned officers and soldiers were frequently
employed as gunners, and the care and protection
of the guns were confided to particular corps.
On the augmentation of the army during the
rebellion of James Duke of Monmouth, in June
1685, King James II. resolved that the first of
the newly-raised infantry corps should be an
ordnance regiment for the care and protection of
the cannon, of which corps his majesty appointed
52
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nds. N« 29., JULY 19. '56.
George Lord Da' ..{.mouth (then Master-general of
the Ordnance) fuO be, colonel, by commission dated
June 11, lG85y> At this period the regular regi-
ments were composed of musketeers, armed with
muskets a^d swords ;" of pikemen, armed with
long pikfjs and swords; and of grenadiers,* armed
with h<rj,nd -grenades, muskets, bayonets, swords,
and sijaall hatchets ; but in the ordnance regiment
every raan carried a long musket called & fusil,
with a sword and bayonet — from which pecu-
liarity the regiment obtained the name of the
Royal Fusileers. Thus it will be seen that the
Rf *yal Fusileers existed, as a regiment of the Line,
twenty years previous to the formation of the
F.oyal Regiment of Artillery, which never be-
1 onged to the Line, but was always a separate
'oranch of the army. G. L. S.
PLANTS IN SLEEPING ROOMS.
(2nd S. i. 433.)
There are two distinct and apparently opposite
processes going on in the plant: — I. The decom-
position of carbonic acid — the fixation of the car-
bon for the purpose of building up its own tissues
— and the liberation of the oxygen. This con-
stitutes vegetable nutrition : — II. The exhaling
carbonic acid, the result of the union of the oxygen
of the atmosphere with the carbon of the vegetable
tissues. This is analogous to respiration. The
first of these processes is not only beneficial to
animal life, but absolutely essential to its existence,
for as the animal inhales oxygen and exhales car-
bonic acid in the process of respiration, if some
agency did not work out the reverse change, the
whole of the oxygen in the atmosphere would be
used up in a certain length of time (800,000 years
according to Professor ""Dumas), and animal life
consequently disappear. But as it is, animals and
plants are thus mutually dependent upon each
other; and this is the case, not merely with regard
to carbonic acid, but also some other compounds,
such as ammonia, water, &c., which are formed in
animals and decomposed in plants. So far, then, it
is healthy to have plants in rooms. But there is
the second process — a kind of decay, or by some
looked upon as true respiration ; and as this is
precisely what occurs in animals, it must of course
add to the carbonic acid of the atmosphere, and
thus produce an effect prejudicial to animal life.
If both these processes were carried on to the
same extent, the one would, as a matter of course,
counteract the other, and neither would pro-
duce either good or evil as to its effects upon the
atmosphere. But as the former, under general
circumstances, preponderates excessively over the
latter, it is on the whole healthy to live amongst
plants. There are circumstances, however, in
which the respiratory process is active, and the
nutritive at a stand-still, and here the influence of
ihe vegetable upon the atmosphere will be in-
urious to animal life. One of these circumstances
s the absence of sunshine, or daylight (as these
itimuli are necessary to the carrying on the process
of nutrition in the plant). It is therefore in-
urious, more or less, to Bleep in a room in which
there are plants. GEO. SEXTON, M.D., F.R.G.S.
Kennington Cross.
In reply to C. T. B. I copy the following passage
from The Handbook of Gardening, by Edward
Kemp, p. 12. :
' Plants convert the oxygen and carbon which they
receive from the soil and "air into carbonic acid, which
the}' exhale at night. This being a deadly and dangerous
gas" to human beings, plants and flowers are not con-
sidered healthy in a sitting or bed room during the night.
In the day they give off oxygen, especially in the morn-
ing, which is reputed to render the morning air so fresh
and exhilarating. They are very useful in absorbing
from the air the carbon which is so injurious to animal
life ; and they purify stagnant water in the same way."
Are the above statements correct ? Do plants
perform by day and by night two contrary opera-
tions ?
In The Flower Garden, reprinted by Mr. Mur-
ray, from the Quarterly Review, the fear of the
exhalations from flowers at night is treated as a
popular error. See the close of the treatise, p. 81.
STYLITES.
FLEMING'S "RISE AND TALL OF THE PAPACY."
(2nd S. i. 479.)
In Fleming's Discourse on the Rise and Fall of
Papacy (edit. 1792, at p. 43.), is the following
observable foot-note by the " publisher : "
" In calculating the difference betwixt the prophetic
and sydereal year (see p. 13.), our author reckons the
latter, according to the gross computation, to be only
365 days ; not regarding, as he says, ' the smaller mea-
sures of time.' But the fact is a complete annual revolu-
tion of the sun exceeds that calculation by several hours
and minutes, a sydereal year being 365 days, 6 hours,
and about 10 minutes. In 1278 years, therefore, there
will be a difference of about 3284 days, or nearly one
whole year: so that the great event predicted by our
author will fall out one year sooner than by his calcula-
tion, viz. in the year 1793, which brings it still nearer to
the present time."
To the intelligent readers of your valuable
periodical, it need not be more than mentioned
that Louis XVI. suffered decapitation in the year
1793 ; thus verifying, it may be said, almost to a
day, the accuracy of the calculations of Fleming,
as well as in being a literal description of the
words of the latter (p. 43.) :
" That whereas the present French king (1701) takes
the sun for his emblem, and this for his motto, Nee plu-
ribus impar, he may at length, or rather his successors
and the monarchy itself (at least before the year 1794),
2nd S. NO 29., JULY 19. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
53
be forced to acknowledge that in respect to the neigh-
bouring potentates he is even singulis impar"
Fleming, in deducing his calculations as to the
Papacy, says at p. 49. :
« This Judgment (fifth vial") will probably begin about
the year 1794, and expire about A.c. 1848 : so that the
duration of it, upon this supposition, will be for the space
of 54 years. For I do not suppose that seeing the Pope
received the title of Supreme Bishop no sooner than Ann.
606, he cannot be supposed to have any vial poured upon
his Seat immediately, so as to ruin his authority so sig-
nally as this Judgment must be supposed to do until the
year 1848, which is the date of 1260 years in prophetical
account when they are reckoned from Ann. 606. But yet
we are not to imagine that this vial will totally destroy
the Papacy, tho' it will exceedingly weaken it; for we
find this still in being and alive when the next vial is
poured out."
Now it is again not a little remarkable, that
from 1848 to 1850 took place the revolution at
Koine, the flight of the Pope to Gaeta, his resi-
dence there, and his having been brought back to
Rome only through the power of France. It
cannot be said that the Pope's authority and the
Papacy were "destroyed" by this revolution,
though they were certainly at that time on the
very brink of perdition ; but that they have been
since "exceedingly weakened" by it, no one can
doubt, seeing the troubles which are presently
occurring from the disturbed and unsatisfactory
position of Italian affairs both in Church and
State. The events which likewise happened in
the abdication of Louis Philippe, and the new suc-
cession to the French throne (all of which cannot
be dilated on) ; as also the humbled condition of
the Pope when made prisoner by Napoleon Bona-
parte during the period of the currency of the
above-mentioned fifty-four years prior to 1848,
and the inauguration of the emperor's son as King
of Rome, with other historical points that might
be stated, may in whole be regarded as proofs of
the singular shrewdness of Fleming in scanning
those mysterious books, in the study of which he
had been successful beyond every commentator
who had handled them.
It appears to be the opinion of Fleming (p. 49.)
that the "sixth vial will be poured out on the
Mahometan Anti-Christ," and that the " seventh
vial" more particularly relates to "Rome or mys-
tical^ Baby Ion :" "these two vials as it were one
continued, the first running into the second, and
the second completeing the first" — " only you may
observe (p. 50.) that the first of these will proba-
bly take up most of the time between the year
1848 and the year 2000." — " Supposing, then,
that the Turkish monarchy should be totally de-
stroyed (p. 51.) between 1848 and 1900, we may
justly assign 70 or 80 years longer to the end of
the 6th seal, and about 20 or 30 at most to the
last." ^ Lately, the "sick man" only escaped de-
struction from the paws of the Bear ; and though
the invalid may have had a turn in his complaint,
and be again looking better, it cannot be doubted
that he carries within himself the seeds of his early
dissolution.
The author's reasonings on these topics are too
long to be here followed out ; but if his discrimi-
nation in arguing from the past be taken into
account, it is probable he may yet be found one
of the most judicious interpreters of the future.
At the expiry of the " seventh vial," he considers
that "the blessed millennium of Christ's spiritual
reign on earth will begin" — say, year 2000.
Other students of prophecy, posterior to Fleming,
have placed the commencement of this event re-
spectively in 1866, 1947, 2300. It will be for
those then alive carefully to watch these epochs
and the signs of the times. Under the dominion
of peace — the diffusion of education, secular and
religious, along with the rapid improvements
making in art and science — who can say what
mighty things may not be effected to usher in this
happy day for the human race ? G. N.
BIOGRAPHICAL QUERIES.
(2nd S. i. 472.)
Joseph Trapp, D.D. Born in 1679 ; in 1695
he was entered a commoner of Wadham College,
and, in 1696, was admitted a scholar of the same
house. He proceeded B.A. 1699; M.A. 1702;
D.D. by diploma, 1727. In 1704, he was chosen
a Fellow; in 1708, he was appointed the first
professor of poetry; and in 1711, chaplain to Sir
Constantine Phipps, Lord Chancellor of Ireland.
He died Nov. 22, 1747. A list of his publications,
forty-eight in number, will be found in Chalmers's
Biographical Dictionary.
Philip Bisse, of New College, Oxford; B.A.
1690; M.A. 1693; B. and D.D. 1705; conse-
crated Bishop of St. David's, Nov. 19, 1710;
translated to Hereford, Feb. 16, 1713. He died
at Westminster, Sept. 6, 1724. He published A
Sermon at the Anniversary of the Sons of the
Clergy, Dec. 2, 1708 ; and A Fast Sermon preached
before the House of Commons, London, 1710.
Thomas Gore, born at Alderton, Wilts, 1631,
became a commoner of Magdalen College, Oxford,
in May 1647. After he had continued there more
than three years, and had performed his exercise
for the degree of B.A., he retired to Lincoln's Inn,
and afterwards to his patrimony at Alderton ;
where he died March 31, 1684. His publications
were : —
1. A Table shewing how to Blazon a Coat ten several
Ways, 1655 ; a single sheet, copied from Feme.
2. Series Alphabetic^, Latino- Anglica, Nominum Gen-
tilitiorum, sive Cognominum plurimarum Familiarum,
qua3 multos per annos in Anglia floruere, Oxon., 1667, 8vo.
3. Catalogus in certa Capita, seu Classes, plerorumque
54
NOTES AND QUERIES.
{-2nd g. N« 29., JULY 19. '56.
omnium Authorum qui de re heraldica scripserunt, Oxon.
1668. Reprinted, with enlargements, 1674.
4. Nomenclator Geographicus, etc., Oxon., 1667, 8vo.
5. Loyalty Displayed, and Falsehood Unmasked ; or a
Just Vindication of Thos. Gore, Esq., High Sheriff of
Wilts. London: 1681. 4to.
For the above information, I am principally
indebted to Chalmers's Biographical Dictionary ;
Wood's Athena Oxon.; and Nichols's Literary
Anecdotes. 'A\ievs.
Dublin.
Thos. Gore. — He was born at Alderton, or
Aldrington, in Wiltshire ; in 1631, commoner of
.Magdalen Coll. ; and afterwards a member of the
Society of Lincoln's Inn. He died at Alderton
in March 1684, and was buried there.
In 1655, he published A Table shewing how to
.Blazon a Coat ten several Ways. In 1667 :
" Series Alphabetica Latino- Anglica,Nominum Gentili-
tiorum sive Cognominum plurimarum Familiarum, quse
multos per annos in Anglia floruere : e libris qua manu-
•scriptis qua typis excusis, aliisque antiquioris aevi monu-
mentis Latinis'collecta."
In 1668 :
" Catalogus in certa Capita, seu Classes, alphabetico
ordine concinnatus, plerorumque omnium authorum (tarn
antiquorum quam recentiorum) qui de re Heraldica, La-
£ine, Gallice, etc., scripserunt."
This work was republished in 1674, with addi-
tions. He was also the author of Nomenclator Geo-
graphicus, published 1667 ; also of a MS. written
jn 1662, entitled " Spicilegia Heraldica," and of
JLoyalty displayed and Falsehood unmasked, 1681.
He was sheriff of Wilts, 1680.
.Joseph Trapp. — ALFRED T. LEE will find a
full account of Joseph Trapp in Biographia Bri-
itannica, Nichols's Bowyer, Chalmers's Biographical
Dictionary ', and Penny Cyclopaedia.
Philip Bisse. — Philip Bisse was of New Col-
lege ; was M.A. Jan. 15, 1693, and B. and D.D.
Jan. 29, 1705. He was made Bishop of Hereford
1712, and died there Sept. 6, 1721. He and his
wife Bridget were buried in Hereford Cathedral.
T. P.
Clifton.
Gregory de Karwent. — In the Index of Abp.
Peckham's register, A.D. 1279 to 1292, in Harl.
MS. 6062-3., by Dr. Ducarel, it is stated at vol. ii.
p. 604., that Tetbury Church was vacant in 1279
by the death of Gregory de Karwent, and that a
successor must wait the approbation of the Pope.
Tetbury at this period was in the diocese of
Worcester. Y.
[In the British Museum, among the Additional Char-
ters, Nos, 5274 — 5279., will be found some charters re-
lating to Tetbury vicarage, 2 Edw. II. — ED.]
EXTRAORDINARY FACT.
(2nd S. i. 354.)
I cannot believe this fact to be correctly stated.
A vessel from Tunis is said to have put into a
port in the county of Antrim, in the north of Ire-
land, through stress of weather, and the sailors
walking through the country entered into con-
versation with the Irish peasants at work in the
fields, speaking the one the language used at
Tunis, and the other Irish. What is this but to
prove that the Phoenician still spoken at Tunis at
the date assigned, the end of last century, and the
Irish were the same tongue. The Phoenicians and
Celts are now allowed to be different races, speak-
ing different languages ; and a corrupt Arabic has
been for a long time spoken at Tunis, to the ex-
clusion of the languages used before the Arab
conquest. A scene in The Pcenulus of the Roman
comic writer Plautus, in the Punic tongue, was
attempted to be explained by General Vallancey
through the Irish, but the attempt has been pro-
nounced chimerical. This leads me to another
subject, which I have found of great interest.
The Carthaginians were a colony of Tyre, a Phce-
nician people, a part of the same people called
Canaanites. The names of Canaanite and Phoe-
nician are applied to the same race, the one name
derived from Chua, or Canaan, a son of Ham, and
the other taken from the reddish brown colour of
the people, signified by the Greek word 4>otj/t|, as
a darker shade is denoted by Ai&o\J/ for the Ethio-
pian, supposed to belong to a dark people in the
south of Phoenicia as well as in Africa. I see it
noticed that the Greek Septuagint frequently
renders Canaan and Canaanite in the Hebrew by
Phoenicia and Phoenician. One of our Saviour's
miracles was the casting a devil out of the child
of a woman called by St. Matthew, xv. 22., a
woman of Canaan, and by St. Mark, vii. 26., a
Tyro-Phoenician woman ; and a coin of Laodicea,
in Phoenicia, of the age of Antiochus Epiphanes,
has the inscription, " Laodicea, mother of Canaan."
St. Augustin, an African by birth, the Bishop of
Hippo Regius, a little to the west of Carthage,
who flourished in the fourth and fifth centuries
after Christ, says, Ep. ad Rom. : —
" Interrogate rustic! nostri quid sint Punice respon-
dentes Chanani corrupta? Scilicet voce sicut in talibus
solet quod aliud respondent quam Chananaei." — Quoted
Kenrick's Phoenicia, p. 42., and Palestine, VUnivers Pit-
tor esque, p. 81.
The Carthaginians were called by Virgil " Tyrios
Bilingues," from their being obliged, in addition
to the Punic, to make use of another language,
supposed by Prichard to be of the African abo-
rigines, Berbers, whose tongue, different from the
Hebrew, has still relations to it; and the people
themselves belong to the Himyaritic, a more
southern Arabian race, along with the Abyssinians,
O 29., JULY 19. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
55
to whose old Gyz tongues the Berber language
approaches more nearly. I should have expected
the African peasantry to have retained rather
their old tongue, the Berber, than the Punic ; but
in the time of Leo Africanus, the sixteenth cen-
tury, all the cities on the African coast spoke
Arabic, and the use of this language has since ex-
tended in the north of Africa. I say nothing of
the inscription on the columns at the pillars of
Hercules, mentioned by the Greek historian of the
Vandal war, Procopius, and doubted by Gibbon,
as its authenticity is not believed.* The Hebrew,
or a dialect of it, is said to have been the lan-
guage of the Jews, Phoenicians, and Philistines,
and the Punic scene in Plautus's comedy is trans-
lated or explained by Hebrew, as is a Carthaginian
inscription of prices of victims for sacrifice, on a
tablet found in 1845 at Marseilles, near the site of
the Temple of Diana of Ephesus, the tutelar deity
of the ancient Massilia ; and there are other in-
scriptions at Athens, and in the Mediterranean
Islands, all of which lead to the same conclusion,
the identity of the Phoenician and Hebrew lan-
guages. Had Hannibal (whose name contains the
Canaanite Baal) prevailed over the Romans, the
world might have been Canaanite, as it might
afterwards have been Arabian, had not Charles
Martel vanquished the Moors at the great battle
contested so long and so obstinately between the
Christian Franks and the Mahometan Moors,
fought in A.D. 732, in the plains between Tours
and Poictiers, in the south of France. This pecu-
liarity is remarked, that the Canaanites descended
of Ham spoke a language of the people descended
of the elder brother Shem, the ancestor of the
Asiatic nations. The Jews springing from the
Chaldini or Chaldeans derive their origin from a
Shemite source ; while the Philistines, in the south
of Phoenicia, are said to be from Crete, or from
the north of Arabia, and to be descended also
from Ham, but differing from the northern Phoe-
nicians, who along with the Jews and Egyptians
practised circumcision, in not using that rite.
I would wish to find the Celts in Asia. Pri-
chard has published a volume supplementary to his
great work of Researches into the Physical History
of Mankind, to trace their Eastern Origin by com-
parison of the Celtic Dialects with the Sanscrit,
Greek, Latin, and Teutonic Languages ; but I do
not know of any historical evidence, or of any
* The inscription is, " We are those who fled from the
face of the robber Joshua, the son of Nun." (Phoenicia,
p. 67.) M. Munk, in Palestine, p. 81., remarks in a note,
that the expression of the original Greek Englished from
the face is Hebrew, but not Greek, and thence inferred
that Procopius, a Pagan, did not forge the inscription, but
in his narration translated a Phoenician expression. The
existence of this fabulous tradition may also show a belief
in the identity of the Phoenicians and Canaanites to have
been entertained when Procopius wrote in the sixth cen-
tury.
archaeological antiquities out of Europe, that can
be said to be exclusively Celtic. There are circles
of stones in India, and other remains in Asia. De
Saulay mentions a heap of stones at Hebron, and
another monument at a place near the north end
of the Dead Sea, both which appeared to re-
semble Celtic remains, but he gives no drawing of
either, and does not speak certainly. (Voyage
autour de la Mer Morte, torn. ii. pp. 92. 168.)
The European circles and underground buildings
are not established to belong exclusively to the
Celts, but are seen in the mist of a remote an-
tiquity. Amedee Thierry, in his History of the
Gauls from the earliest Period till their ultimate and
entire Subjugation by the Romans, A.D. 79, during
the Reign of the Emperor Vespasian, assigned
them previous to their final subjection a seat and
nation in Gaul of 1700 years, which would place
them in their European residence at a date about
600 years only from the confusion of languages at
the building of the Tower of Babel, 2247 years
before Christ according to received chronology.
I am aware that Mr. Kenrick, in which he is fol-
lowed by Prichard, objects to the chronology of
the early ages, as not allowing sufficient time for
the origin and development of races and nations.
The Irish Celts I have understood to be Gallic of
the earliest wave of the race, perhaps the most
ancient Celts of the British Empire, and their an-
tiquity may reasonably be supposed to be akin to
that of the Gallic Celts in Gaul. Their connection
with the Phoenicians or Berbers, or I may add, the
Euskaldunes, the Basques, is not so readily to be
conjectured or entertained. W. H. F.
Kirkwall.
NOTES ON REGIMENTS.
(2nd S. i. 516.)
I am induced to make a few remarks on the
article in your pages entitled " Notes on Regi-
ments," in order that certain inaccuracies and
misstatements therein mentioned may not pass
uncontradicted.
In those Notes the 80th regiment are called the
" Connaught Rangers." The 80th are the " Staf-
fordshire Volunteers." Any Army List would
show that the above appellation applies alone to
the gallant 88th, on whom it was conferred when
they were first raised in that part of Ireland in
1795, by Lord Clanricarde.
The 56th are called Pompadours, not from
their present (purple) facings, but from the fol-
lowing circumstance, as related' to me by an old
officer of the regiment nearly thirty years ago.
In 1756, when this regiment was first raised, its
facings were a crimson or puce colour, called ia
those days "Pompadour," from the celebrated lady
56
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd s. No 29., JULY 19. '56.
who patronised it ; and hence the name as applied
to the regiment whose facings it formed.
I may incidentally mention that on visiting a
cotton mill near Oldham in Lancashire, in 1827,
I was surprised to find the word " Pompadour "
on a crimson cotton print, and on seeking ^for an
explanation, I was told it was applied to that par-
ticular shade of crimson.
Like the gosling green facings as formerly worn
by the 66th regiment, it was found too delicate a
colour for such a purpose, and too apt to fade and
change by exposure to the sun, and consequently
was ordered to be done away with. The then
colonel of the regiment wished it to be made
royal, and substitute blue for the facings ; but
not being able to effect this, he resorted to purple
as the nearest approach to blue.
The 4th regiment have no such motto as " Quis
separabit." The 4th Royal Irish Dragoon Guards
have it, in conjunction with the badge of the
Order of St. Patrick, of which it is the motto.
It was given as a national distinction to this, as
also to two other Irish regiments, the 86th county
Down, and 88th Connaught Rangers.
For the same reason (that of national distinc-
tion) the badge of the Order of the Thistle, and
its accompanying motto, "Nemo me impune la-
cessit," has been permitted to be worn by the fol-
lowing Scotch regiments : the Scots Greys, the
21st North British Fusileers, and 42nd Royal
Highlanders.
The 42nd Royal Highlanders were originally
formed from six independent companies of High-
landers that, had been raised in 1730 for the pro-
tection of Edinburgh, and for police and other
local purposes, and from being dressed in black,
blue, and green tartans, presented a very sombre
appearance, which procured for them the name of
" Freicudan Dhu," or Black Watch. These inde-
pendent companies were, in 1739, amalgamated
into a regular regiment, unde'r the title of the
Highland Regiment, and in 1751 was numbered
as the 42nd.
Should this communication meet with approval,
I shall have great pleasure in again reverting to
the subject. MILES.
PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.
Photographic Exhibition at Brussels. — We last week
received a letter from our excellent contemporary, the
Editor of La Lumiere, to which, from circumstances, we
were unavoidably prevented calling attention in last
Saturday's " N. & Q." The purport of M. LACAN'S com-
munication was to announce that, at the public Ex-
hibition at Brussels, which is about to take place under
the superintendence and management of the Association
for the Encouragement of fche Industrial Arts in Belgium,
Photography will be one of the leading features. The
French photographers will contribute largely; and as
the Exhibition will not be considered complete unless
the English Photographers are fairly represented, it is
hoped that they will entrust specimens of their produc-
tions to the manager of the present Exhibition. Com-
munications on the subject are to be addressed to M. E.
Romberg, 58. Rue Roy ale a Bruxelles ; and Photographs,
Photographic Instruments, &c., (which will be received
until the 1st of August,) are to be sent to M. le President
de I' Association pour I' Encouragement des Arts industriels
en Belgique, a I 'Entrepot de Bruxelles. Though the notice
is short, we hope our photographic friends will avail
themselves of this opportunity of showing the Belgian
Photographers what England can produce in this new,
but most important, branch of Art.
tfl
The Hoe (2nd S. i. 471 .) — MR. JOHN BOASE,
Penzance, says, " This is a Note, not a Query."
But he, at the same time, re-makes it a Query by
writing "Elbe Hohe," " Alster Hohe." We write
Hohe, or Hoehe, which is then pronounced as a
diphthong, the h aspirated. The origin of Hoe
may be German (Saxon), but it is one of those
words which have suffered many metamorphoses
in sound during the lapse of time. DR. J. L.
15. Gower Street.
Holly, the only indigenous English Evergreen
(2nd S. i. 399. 443. 502.) — I have only been able
to see the Gentleman s Magazine for 1787, though
I have applied at two libraries to which I sub-
scribe.
Hooker and Arnott (British Flora, edit. 1850,
pp. 369. 408.) omit the asterisk (*) with which,
at p. xii., they explain that they have branded
"the many" plants "that have been or are daily
becoming naturalised among us."
The editor of the Gardeners' Chronicle (Dr.
Lindley), G. C. 1856, p. 440. c., writes, "The yew
is certainly indigenous ; and we never heard the
box -tree suspected of being a foreigner."
Selby (British Forest Trees, 1842, p. 363.)
writes, " The yew is indigenous to Britain." I
maintain, therefore, that ALGERNON HOLT WHITE
was wrong " in calling the holly our only indigen-
ous evergreen, to the exclusion especially of the
yew and box;" and there are with me, on the
trial of this issue, Hooker, Arnott, Lindley, and
Selby. GEO. E. FRERE.
Royden Hall, Diss.
Will MR. WHITE consider the opinions of Ge-
rard, Parkinson, Phillips, London, and Withering
as of some value in deciding the question, whether
the yew-tree and box are indigenous evergreens?
Phillips, in his Sylvia Florifera, remarks, " The
box was formerly much more plentiful in England
than now, and gave names to several places, such
as Boxhill and Boxley, &c." Evelyn also speaks
of it as growing wild, and forming " rare natural
bowers." The other authorities speak with the
same certainty, with the exception of Loudon,
who throws a doubt over box being indigenous, be-
2nd s. N° 29., JULY 19. '56. J
NOTES AND QUERIES.
57
cause it is not often found wild at the present day ;
but there is no doubt with any of these writers
respecting the yew, which grows wild in lanes in
Staffordshire, in many of the dales in Derbyshire,
being particularly luxuriant in Dovedale, in many
parts of Wales, on the hills round Windermere,
on rocks in Borrowdale, and indeed generally
throughout the English Lake district. I do not
take authority for this, having had the satisfaction
of seeing it in the places mentioned. H. J.
Wands worth.
Hobson's Choice (2nd S. i. 472.) — The usual
explanation of this saying held good in Steele's
time, for he gives it in No. 509. of the Spectator,
thus prefaced :
" I shall conclude this discourse with an explanation
of a proverb, which by vulgar error is taken and used
when a man is reduced* to an" extremity, whereas the pro-
priety of the maxim is to use it when you would say there
is plenty, but you must make such a choice as not to hurt
another who is to come after you."
In the same paper it is said :
" This memorable man stands drawn in fresco at an Inn
(which he used) in Bishopsgate Street, with an hundred-
pound bag under his arm, with this inscription upon the
said bag :
' The fruitful mother of a hundred more.' "
What inn is here referred to, and is the portrait
still in existence ?
The inscription reminds me of a Hampshire
farmer's definition of a clever man :
" I calls he a clever chap as can rub one fi-pun note
agen another and make another on un."
R. W. HACKWOOD.
" Magdalen College, Oxford (2nd S. i. 334,) —
The " trusty and well-beloved " John Huddleston,
the first person mentioned in King James's war-
rant to the president, to be admitted a demy of
the said college, was probably the Roman Catholic
priest who administered the sacrament to King
Charles II. on his death-bed. W. H. W. T.
Somerset House.
Horsetalk (2nd S. i. 335.)— In Italy and the
South of France, a driver cries " ee " to his horse,
when he wants him to go on. This is doubtless
**i," the imperative of eo, pronounced in the con-
tinental fashion ; and has probably descended un-
changed from the time of Romulus. STTLITES.
Song by Old Doctor Wilde — " Hallow my
Fancie (2nd S. i. 511.) — S. S. S. inquires whe-
ther there is, "in reality, such an old song" as
that quoted by the author of " Bond and Free,"
in a late number of Household Words ? There is
such a song, and it may be found in a very com-
mon source of information, Chambers's Cyclopedia
of English Literature, vol. i. p. 395., where the
editor states it to be taken " from a collection of
poems entitled Her Boreale, by R. Wild, D.D.,
1668." S. S. S. will find this song of Dr. Wild's
preceded by " Hallo my Fancy," which Mr.
Chambers assigns to that prolific author Mr.
"Anonymous." CUTHBERT BEDE, B.A.
Felo-de-se >(2nd S. i. 313.) — Queen Elizabeth,
by a charter in the forty-first year of her reign,
granted (inter alia) to the corporation of the
borough of Andover, Hants (to whom the manor
of Andover had belonged for centuries), the
goods and chattels of felons, fugitives, and out-
laws, and of persons put in exigent, and of felons
of themselves, and goods, chattels, waived estrays,
deodands, found or forfeited, arising within the
manor or borough of Andover aforesaid.
The rights have been exercised by the corpo-
ration when occasions have occurred.
W. H. W. T.
Somerset House.
Comic Song on the Income Tax (2nd S. i. 472.)
— In looking over some songs amongst which I
thought I had a copy of the one sought for by
E. H. D. D., I found the following, which as it
bears on the same subject he may perhaps like to
possess a copy of.
I need hardly say that the parody is on Moore's
song — " Those Evening Bells : "
" That Income Tax ! that Income Tax,
How every clause my poor brain racks,
How dear was that sweet time to me,
Ere first I heard of Schedule B.
"Those untaxed joys are passed away,
And many a heart that then was gay
Is sleeping 'neath the turf in packs,
And cares not for the Income Tax.
"And so 'twill be when I am gone,
That « Candid ' Peel will still tax on,
And other bards shall sadly ax
* Why not repeal the Income Tax ? ' "
R. W, HACKWOOD.
Blood which will not wash out (2nd S. i. 461.) —
Your valuable correspondent MR. PEACOCK says :
" I have been informed that the blood of the
priests who were martyred at the Convent of the
Cannes at Paris during the French Revolution is
yet visible on the pavement. This is a fact that
some of your correspondents can no doubt verify."
While at Paris, last October, I went to the Carmes,
and there saw on the walls and floor of the chapel
those spots of blood about which ME, PEACOCK
speaks. They look quite fresh in places, and there
are many of them.
Though the chapel is private, and used only, I
believe, by the inmates of that now educational
establishment, sure am I that the abbe Cruice,
who so ably presides over it, will, with his usual
courtesy, allow any English traveller to see that
oratory and its walls stained with the blood of
more than eighty churchmen, whose_only imputed
58
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd s. NO 29., JULY 19. '56.
crime was their priesthood, and among whom, if I
remember well, there was one bishop. D. ROCK.
Newick, Uckfield.
Sir Edward Coke (2nd S. ii. 19.) — The great
lawyer's autograph will, I presume, be deemed a
better authority for the correct mode of spelling
his name than the " Epistle Dedicatorie " cited by
your correspondent G. N. I have in my posses-
sion a case for counsel's opinion referred to Sir
Edward, who subscribes it thus :
"I am of opinion the
retorne is good.
EDW. COKE."
This surely is decisive on the question at issue.
L. B. L.
Martin the French Peasant- Prophet, fyc. (2nd S.
i. 490.) — The most authentic and complete ac-
count of the extraordinary mission of Thomas
Martin to the French King Louis XVIII., is con-
tained in a work, entitled Le Passe et L'Avenir,
published at Paris in 1832, and containing a
Declaration signed by Martin, that the events are
faithfully related in this book, and that it contains
the only correct account. In relating Martin's
interview with the king, the following is the ac-
count given of the point on which W. H. particu-
larly requests information. Martin says :
" Apres cela, je lui dis : Prenez garde de vous faire
sacrer ; car si vous le tentiez, vous seriez frappe de mort
dans la ceremonie du sacre."
Upon this the editor makes the following note :
" Toutes les personnes attachees alors a la cour, tant
soit peu, au courant des choses peuvent attester comme
un fait notoire que Ton avait deja fait, par ordre du roi, de
grands preparatifs pour son sacre, avant son entrevue
avec Martin, et qu'apres cette entrevue, le roi contre-
manda tous ses (ces) preparatifs."
This work not only gives the fullest details of
the extraordinary mission of Martin ; but enters
calmly into the proofs of its supernatural cha-
racter; and afterwards devotes a chapter to an-
swering objections against it. It was published in
1832 ; and continues the history of Martin, and
his subsequent revelations, to the year before the
publication. One very curious prophecy con-
tained in a note deserves attention at the present
time. The note does not refer to Martin, but to
certain predictions of several religious persons
whose names are given, and who all 'agreed upon
the two following points : 1st, That France was
threatened with great calamities ; and 2ndly, the
unexpected appearance of a great monarch who
should restore order, and under whose reign Reli-
gion and France shoidd again see days of pros-
perity. I copy this from a work which I have
had in my own possession since 1833. Certainly
the present state of France verifies this prediction
to the letter. F. C. H.
Germination of Seeds long buried (2nd S. ii. 10.)
— As one instance, where plants have been no-
ticed to grow from seeds that had been long
buried, I may mention, for the information of
your correspondent E. M., Oxford, that some
years ago I observed upon the slopes of a deep
embankment of the Ulster Railway, near Lambeg,
within a mile of the town of Lisburn, a large
number of turnip plants that had sprung from
seed that had long been buried in a bank of gravel,
sand, and boulder stones, which had been removed
to fill up a deep hollow in the ground, and which
formed the embankment referred to. I was
present when the navvies were removing the
gravel bank, and next year I saw the plants grow-
ing on the slopes of the embankment as described ;
and again, on revisiting the place last year (1855),
I still observed a number of turnip plants growing
at the same place. The plants were of the true
turnip, having large expanded leaves, covered on
their upper surface with minute speculas. The
roots were long and strong, but exhibited no ten-
dency to enlarge into bulb, like the cultivated
turnip. The turnip being a rare plant in that
part of the country at that time, its appearance
under the circumstances was regarded by the
work-people as a remarkable phenomenon.
HENRY STEPHENS.
Morgan O'Doherty (1st S. x. 96.) — Since^none
of your correspondents have fixed the identity of
Morgan O'Doherty, I presume I may still say, as
I said before, that it was Captain Hamilton. No
doubt he received assistance from Maginn and
others, as mentioned by R. P. (1st S. x. 150.), but
that he was the originator of the character there
can be no doubt, and he must have been its con-
tinuator also, since he lived years after the with-
drawal of Morgan's name from the pages of Maga.
North received assistance in his Nodes from Lock-
hart and others, but it is a curious thing that
Hogg, the Ettrick Shepherd, himself could never
write a Noctes that was acceptable or was ac-
cepted. S.
Person referred to by Pascal (2nd S.^i. 412. 500.)
— However ingenious the interpretation of C. H.
S., I cannot help thinking but that Pascal had
some definite person in his view when he brought
forward the instance in question. His words in
the original —
" Qui aurait eu 1'amitie' du Roi d'Angleterre, du Roi de
Pologne, et de la Reine de Suede, aurait-il cm pouvoir
manquer de retraite et d'asile au monde ? "
may be well enough translated of some person who
might have had the friendship of the three kingly
powers, but to his disappointment found ^himself
so far reduced as to be unable to obtain even
common shelter. The circumstances of the con-
temporary sovereigns mentioned were certainly
2nd s. NO 29., JULY 19. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
59
disastrous, yet it is difficult to see what object
Pascal could have had in illustrating his case in
the enigmatical form alluded to. In my opinion
the Edinburgh English translator of 1751 took
the plain common sense view of the passage, and
that we have yet the historical personage to dis-
cover whom Pascal had in his eye. G. N.
Poniatowski Gems (2nd S. i. 471.; ii. 19.) —
The Explanatory Catalogue of the Proof -Impres-
sions of the Antique Gems possessed by the late
Prince Poniatowski, and afterwards in the possession
of John Tyrrell, Esq., was published, in 4to., by
Graves and Co., Pall Mall, in 1841. The volume
is dedicated by Mr. Tyrrell to Prince Albert, and
is "accompanied with Descriptions and Poetical
Illustrations of the subjects, and preceded by an
Essay on Ancient Gems and Gem Engraving, by
James Prendeville, A.B., editor of Liny, Paradise
Lost, &c." There is also Catalogue des Pierres
Gravies Antiques de S. A. le Prince Stanislas Po-
niatowski, privately printed by the Prince, at Flo-
rence, in 4to., and upon this the English catalogue
was founded. My copy of the French catalogue
has no date.
Further information may be obtained from a
pamphlet entitled Remarks exposing the unworthy
Motives and fallacious Opinions of the Writer of
the Critiques on the Poniatowski Collection of Gems,
contained in " The British and Foreign Review "
and " The Spectator" published by Graves & Co.,
and Smith, Elder, & Co., 1842. S. W. Rix.
Beccles.
Posies on simple heavy Gold Rings (1st S. xii.
113., &c.) —
" God did decree, this unitie."
« Where hearts agree, there God will be."
" I have obtained, whom God ordained."
Copied from originals. S. R. P.
Sleep the Friend of Woe (2nd S. ii. 11.).— The
lines which ERICA asks for are from Southey's
Curse of Kehama, canto xv., the city of Baly,
stanza 11. It begins, —
" Be of good heart, and let thy sleep be sweet."
Laduvlad said, —
"Alas! that cannot be," &c. &c.
And then comes
" Thou hast been called, 0 Sleep, the friend of woe ;
But 'tis the happy who have called thee so."
J. C. J.»
Medal of Charles I. (2nd S. ii. 28.) — There are
several medals of various sizes which have the
head of Charles I. on one side, and that of his
queen on the other. They were all probably
We are also indebted to MR. DE LA PRYME and
C* We are also indebted to MR. DE
other correspondents for similar replies.]
worn as badges of loyalty by his friends and par-
tisans, but I am not aware of any one of the va-
rieties said to have been made out of the plate
melted up for the king's service. It is probable
that none were made of such materials, as melted
plate would be applied to money of necessity, not
to medals of comparative luxury. Rings, or
rather holes, are at the sides and ends of many of
these medals, from whence to suspend small orna-
ments. It would not be convenient to sew upon
a coat or hat a medal having a device on both
sides ; these medals were suspended from a ribbon
or chain. I have one with the silver chain still
attached to it. EDW. HAWKINS.
Major- General (?) Thomas Stanwix (2nd S. i.
511.) —This officer died March 14, 1725, Colonel
of the present 12th regiment of infantry. He
never attained the rank of major-general, and was
appointed colonel of the 12th regiment, August 25,
1717, about the time of the royal visit to Cam-
bridge. He was appointed colonel of the 30th
regiment, previously Willis's Marines, July 17,
1737, but was transferred to the 12th regiment in
the following month, as above stated. G. L. S.
Conservative Club.
" Tantum Ergo" the Eucharistic Hymn (2nd S.
ii. 13.) — Will you kindly allow me to give a
somewhat fuller answer to your correspondent
EIN FRAGER than you have done ? " Tantum
ergo " is not a psalm at all, and could riot have
been chanted as such at Rathmines. It is a hymn
of the Holy Roman Church, and is appointed to be
sung after the mass on Maundy Thursday, and is
ordinarily used at Benediction of the Most Holy
Sacrament, and also in Processions of the Most
Holy. As I think accuracy most important in all
matters of this nature, I trust you will give in-
sertion to this communication. CATHOLICUS.
Kennington, near Oxford.
Bottles filled, &c. (2nd S. i. 493.)— I. have
several times seen this experiment tried, and, if
my memory serve me right, invariably with the
same results.
The bottle being tightly corked, a strong piece
of sail-cloth was placed as a cap over the cork,
and this was firmly secured by a lashing round
the neck. I do not remember the depth to which
it was sunk, but on being drawn up the bottle was
always filled, and still corked ; the cork, however,
was reversed, the small end being uppermost.
A. C. M.
Exeter.
Leverets with a White Star (1st S. xi. 41. 111.)
— I have always understood that the white star
in the forehead indicated the male sex, the buck
of the leveret, and that it disappears in the course
of the first year. HENRY STEPHENS.
60
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
|_2nd g. N« 29., JULY 19. '56.
Passports (2nd S. ii. 29.) — Your correspondent
SCOTUS'S inquiry relating to passports induces me
to forward to you fhe copy of a passport for
Doctor Pates, when sent ambassador to the
Emperor from Henry VIII. in 1540.
It is preserved in the Cottonian Manuscript,
Calig. B. x. fol. 108. b., and is entirely in the hand-
writing of Lord Cromwell himself:
" After mv right herty comraendacons Thise shalbe
tadvertise you that whereas the Kings Matie hath ap-
poincted his Trusty conseiller Mr. Doctor Pates archedea-
con of Lincoln to be his Grac's ambassader resident with
Themperur, His Higlmes sending him over for that pur-
pose with diligence so that he shall leave a grete part of
his trahyn behynd. hath willed me to signifie vnto you
his graciouse pleasur and comaundement that ye shal
permitte and suffre the said Doctor Pates to departe oute
of this his Grac's Realm, towne and Marches of Calais,
and to passe in the parties of beyond the see with his ser-
vaunts money baggs baggages utensils and necessaries at
his liberte wlthoute any maner your let, serche, trouble,
or interruption to the contrary e. And further that ye
shal see him with all diligence and celerite furnished with
convenient passage and all other necessaries accordingly.
Thus (Fare ye right hertely well. From London this ixth
of Aprill the xxxjtu yere of his Graces most noble Regne.
" Your louyng ffreend,
" THOMS CRUMWELL,."
H. E.
" The cow and the snuffers" (2nd S. ii. 20.) —
The song in which allusion is made to this sign,
was introduced in the farce of The Irishman in
London, or the Happy African. The farce was an
adaptation of an old piece, by the present Mr.
Macready's father. It was first produced for
Jack Johnstone's benefit at Covent Garden, on
April 21, 1792 ; the elder Macready playing Col-
loony, and Johnstone Murtoch Delany. Macready
was a great hand at changing old pieces into new.
As he made this mutation of the Intriguing Foot-
man into the Irishman in London, so again, to serve
Johnstone, in May 1795, he adapted Taverner's
Artful Husband, and made of it a poor comedy
called The Bank Note. The adapter played Selby,
and Johnstone Killeavy. J. DORAN.
BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES
WANTED TO PURCHASE.
Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct to
the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and ad-
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BERNARD (Richard), TRANSLATION op TERENCE. Small 4to. John
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LIFE OF WILLIAM PARSONS. (1700—1730 ?)
DEAN (John). A LETTER FROM Moscow TO MARQUIS CARMARTHEN.
VOYAGE OF THE NOTTINGHAM GALLEY. 8vo. Lond., 1711.
A FALSIFICATION OF THE VOYAGE.
JOHNSON (.Richard). CURSUS EQUESTRIS NOTTINGHAMIENSIS. Lond.,
JOHNSON (Richard). ADDITIONS AND EMENDATIONS TO THE GRAMMATI-
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BARONIAL HALLS. Edited by S. C. Hall. An early copy.
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Wanted by Mr, Simms, Bookseller, Bath.
ta
We are compelled to postpone until next week many articles of great
interest, amongst which we may mention some Inedited Papers respecting
the Earl of Essex, and also our usual NOTES ON BOOKS.
_ PAPER MARK. In the article thus headed in our Jast Wo. p. 37. col. i.,
is a most curious and annoying misprint, by w^ich the word " not ". is
substituted for " most," an ' CHART«FHYLAX is represented as having
" not " correctly fixed the date of this paper mark ; whereas X wrote that
he had done so " most " correctly.
A. A. D. who asks respecting the origin of the air of God Save the
King is informed that in the first edition of Mr. Chappett's valuable Col-
lection ot National Airs, pp. 83., fyc., and 193. he ascribes the words and
music without hesitation to Henry Carey, and we have no reason to be-
lieve that >ub*equent researches have induced him to change his views of
their authorship.
QUEEN ELIZABPTH'S LETTER TO EDMUND PLOWDFN. The Query on
this subject forwarded byF.J. B. has already appeared. See 2nd S. i. 12.
PHOEBE ARDEN. What is the object of this communication ¥ Are the
MSS. referred to for sale?
M. The inscription on the Venetian coin (2nd S. i. 513.) is not correctly
given. It should read " Dio Premtera La Costanza," God will reward
the Constant.
J. H. M. A copy of the alphabet in the old black letter, of different
sizes, may be obtained from the spec;men book'' issued by the various <ype-
founders, and which may be found in the counting-houses of any respect-
able printer.
J. L. P. Newspapers of a milch older date than those possessed by our
correspotident may be had in the metropolis for a very trifling sum.
R. W. The subject of " Beech- trees struck wi'h lightning''' has been
discussed in our 1st S. vi. 129. 231. ; vii. 25. ; x. 513.
C. W. B. The celebrated Letter to a Dissenter, noticed in the second
vol. ofMacaulay's History is reprinted in Somers's Tracts, by Scott, vol.
ix. p. 51., w'>ere it makes seven closely printed quarto pages, which, we
fear, would be too long a document for our
ten by George Savile, Marquis of Halifax.
J. O. Prison Amusements, by Paul Positive, 1797, is by James Mont-
gomery, and is noticed by his biographers in his Memoirs, vol. i. p. 283.
ERRATUM. — 2nd S. i. 491. col. 1. 1. 43.,/or " Palmer " read " Martin."
THE INDEX TO FIRST VOLUME OF SECOND SERIES, which we publish
t/ii* liin/, has in compliance ivith the wishes of several subscribers been
printed in the same type as the GENERAL INDEX TO THK TWELVE VOLUMES.
INDEX TO THE FIRST SERIES. As this is now published, and the im-
pression is a limited one, such of our readers as desire copies would do
well to intimate their wish to their respective booksellers without delay.
Our publishers, MESSRS. BELL & DALDY, will forward copies by post on
receipt of a Post Office Order for Five Shillings.
" NOTES AND QUERIES " is published at noon on Friday, so that the
Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and
deliver them to their Subscribers on the Saturday.
" NOTES AND QUERIES " is also issued in Monthly Parts, for the con-
venience of those who may either have a difficulty in procuring the un-
stamped weekly Numbers, or prefer receiving it monthly. W Idle parties
ri-siilcnt in the country or abroad, who may be desirous of receiving the
7'vi /,•/// Numbers, may have stamped copies forwarded direct from the
Publisher. The subscription for the stamped edition of " NOTES AND
QUERIES " (including a very copious Index) is eleven shillings and four-
pence for six months, which may be paid by Post Office Order, drawn w
favour of the Publisher, MB. GEORGE BELL, No. 186. Fleet Street.
. N« 30., JULY 26. »5ft]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
61
LONDON, SATURDAY, JULY 2G, 1850.
PRAYERS OFFERED UP IN CITY CHURCHES FOR
THE EARL OP ESSEX IN 1599.
The affectionate interest felt by the people of
London in the welfare of Robert, Earl of Essex,
was exhibited in several ways which were not at
all agreeable to Queen Elizabeth. Amongst them
it is known that, on the occasion of his serious
illness in December 1599, he was prayed for in
several of the city churches, and that a concourse
of ministers watched round what was believed to
be his dying bed. It has not been noticed, that
those ministers were called before the council to
answer for their conduct on this occasion, nor has
it been explained in what way their public prayers
were introduced into the service of the church.
The first and second of the following papers
(which have been kindly placed in our hands
for publication by the gentleman to whom they
belong) give information upon these subjects.
They contain the explanations given by three of
these ministers to the council. They were all the
earl's chaplains. Two of them contented them-
selves with praying simply for the earl in his con-
dition of a sick man ; the third added a prayer for
his restoration to the favour of his sovereign.
The two former probably escaped censure ; of the
last it is shortly recorded, "HE is COMMITTED."
Facts like these tend to explain, on the one hand,
how Essex was led to commit the wretched folly
which conducted him to the scaffold ; and, on the
other, how the government of Elizabeth came to
the conclusion that nothing but his blood could
satisfactorily atone for his wild and singular es-
capade.
The third paper relates to the same earl, but to
an earlier period of his stormy career. It is
chiefly remarkable as exhibiting the odd position
in which he was placed by the queen's thriftiness
and the shrewdness of the auditors of the United
Provinces. Between them, the earl seems to have
run considerable risk of losing his allowance as
general of the queen's forces in the Low Coun-
tries.
I.
30 Decemb., 1599.
The forme of prayer conceived by George Downe-
man, in the behalfe of the Earle of Essex, being
visited wth sicknes, whose chaplen although the
said party be, yet he hath refrayned to mention
him in his prayer untill about a fourtnight since
he understoode that he was daungerously sicke,
and then, wthout mentioning either of his other
troubles or his cause, or wthout having or being
at any extraordinary assembly, he prayed thus,
having in generall commended the destressed
estate of the afflicted :
" And more specially we commende unto [thee]
the destressed estate of the Earle of Essex, whom
it hath pleased thee to visit wth sicknesse, beseach-
ing thee to looke downe upon him in pity and
compassion, and in thy good time to release him
from his greefe eyther by restoring him to his
health (vvch mercy we doe crave at thy handes, if
it may stande wth thy glory and his good ),*
or otherwese by receiving him to thy mercy, and
in the meane season we beseech thee to support
and strengthen him by the comfortable assistance
of thy gracious Spirit, that he may meekely and
thankfully beare thy holy hande, and by the same
Spirit worke in him, we pray thee, thyne owne
good worke of grace and sanctification, that when-
soever he shalbe translated out of this life, he may
be received into thyne everlasting tabernacles and
crowned wth immortality."
By me, George Downeman, 1
parson of St. Margarets j- Decemb. 30, 1599.
in Lothbury. j
The Vicar of St. Brides, after his prayer for
ye Q. Matie, giving her her stile, and for ye no-
belity, remembers allso his honourable Lord ye
Erie of Essex, praying for his good health, for y*
he was his chaplen this 3 or 4 yeres past : and
otherwise during this restraint hath not inter-
medled wth any other publique prayers or assem-
blies in any church for him.
[Signed, in the same hand as the above.]
Henry Holland, Vicar of St. Brides.
[Endorsed]
30 Deceml/, 1599.
The answers of Mr Downham, parson of S*
Margarets, Lothberye ; and Mr Holland, Vicar of
Sfc Brids, towching theyr prayers for the Earle of
Essex.
II.
Ult' Decembr, 1599.
I, David Robertes, Bacheler of Dyvinitie, in my
praier for the churche, her Majestie, and the
state, used allso theise or the like wordes in
effecte for the Earle of Essex my ho. good
Lorde and master, upon Christmas ctaye laste f ,
in my pishe churche of Sainct Androes in the
Wardrobe, London :
" And as my particuler duetie more speciallie
bindethe me, I humblie beseeche thee, deere
ffather, to looke mercifullie wth thy gracious fa-
voure uppon that noble BARAKE thy seryaunte
the Earle of Essex, strengtheninge him in the
inwarde man againste all his enemies. O Lorde,
make his bedde in this his sickenes that soe thy
gracious corrections nowe uppon him maie be
easie and comfortable unto him as thy fatherlie
* The paragraph is not completed in the original,
t The last four words substituted for others erased^
62
NOTES AND QUERIES.
S. N° 30., JULY 2G. '56.
Instruccons, and in thy good tyme restore him
unto his former healthe and gracious favoure of
his and our most dreade Soveraigne, to thy glory,
the good of this churche and kingedome, and the
greeffe and discouragemente of all wicked EDOM-
JTES that beare evill will to SIGN, and saie.to the
walles of JERUSALEM, * There, there, downe with
it ; downe with it to the grounde.' "
(Signed) DAVID ROBERTES.
[In another hand]
He is comitted.
[Endorsed]
29.Decemb., 1599.
Mr. Roberts, parson of St. Andrewes Wardrope,
his prayers in his sermons for ye Earle of Essex.
III.
The Erie had authoritye by commission, undre
ye great seale of Englande, to dispose of ye trea-
sour secundum sanam discretionem suam.
His discretion was for his own enterteignment
of generall of her Matics forces, to take ye same
allowaunce that ye Erie of Pembroke, Generall of
Q. Maryes forces at St. Quinctynes had : viz. for
him selfe and sondry officers, about 10l 14s by
daye, that Erie being of no greater qualitye than
he, nor his army of more numbers ; and y* by
advise of Mr Secretary Walsingham, who gave
him a draught of y° Erie of Pembrokes allowaunce
for president.
According to this president and rate he was
allwayes paide ; the Q. Treasouror, Musterm1 and
Audito1' of ye campe never fynding fault whylcs
he lyved.
The Q. Matie, after 5 or G monethes (as I take
it) of his being there, being desirous to be en-
formed of ye estate of her expences, was accord-
ingly advertised by her officers, and amongest the
rest, of this allowance and rate, and there was not
then any fault fownde wth it.
Mr. Huddlestone, her Matks Treasouro', after
the leaving of his office and before his deathe,
joyning wth Mr Audito1' Hut, Auditor of ye campe,
did make up wtu ye Erles officers a perfect reacon-
ing and accompt for all Lowe Country matters of
accompt betwene them, and therein did passe this
allowance and rate wthout contradiction.
The same Mr Huddlestone passed his accompt
of Treasouror wth Auditors appointed by ye Court
of Excheaq01' of Englande, and therein passed this
allowance and rate wthout scruple and wth their
allowaunce, and not as a matter of petition but
authenticall.
Sr Tho. Sherley succeading Mr Huddlestone in
ye office of her Matics Treasouro1", payde allwayes
according to this rate and none other wthout any
doubt made thereof, and at the last retourn of ye
Erie to ye Lowe Countryes finished his accompt
wth t}ie Erles officers accordingly.
The estates of yc Lowe Countryes, being to re-
paye her Maties expenses to her Matic, desired an
accompt of ye whole after one year. Mr. Huddle-
ston, then Treasouro1" to her Matic, by order from
Englande, gave them an accompt of ye whole, and
therein namely of this allowance and rate. They,
in their censures and apostelies upon y* accompt,
mislyking many other pointes, allow this by
speciall wordes, and do make allowance of it to
her Matie, so her Matie loseth nothing by it.
The same Estates allowing to the Erie for his
enterteignment of Gouverno1 Generall (not of her
Matics forces, but) of their Countryes, 100001 by
yeare, saving so mutche to be cut of as her Matie
alloweth him for his office of Generall of her
forces : when they came to accompt wth ye Erie,
did cut him of 101 14s by daye after this rate, be-
cause they sawe her Matie had allowed him so
muche. N owe yf her Matie revoke this allowaunce
from ye Erie and have taken according to it of ye
Estates, her Matic for y* parte nowe to be des-
allowed, shalbe double gayner, and ye Erie shall
lose it utterly ; whereas her Matie disallowing it
at ye firste, he mought have had it of ye Estates,
wch nowe, ye accompt beinge passed, he can not.
[Endorsed]
Concerning the Earl of Essex, temp. Qu. Eliz,
THOMAS GARNE*, KING "DESIGNATE" OF BU-
CHARIA.
In Blacliwood 's Magazine for the present month
(May), the writer of an article entitled " The Scot
Abroad," quotes Sir Thomas Urquhart for the re-
markable fact that a gigantic Scottish colonel, by
name Thomas Game, in the service of the Mus-
covites about the middle of the seventeenth cen-
tury, had been formally invited to occupy the
throne of Bucharia. The circumstance of itself
is sufficiently singular; but the whole story be-
comes doubly curious and interesting when
coupled with the old Cromartie Baronet's de-
scription of the physical and mental endowments
of this model man of war, and I make no apology
for presenting it to your readers in extenso. In
enumerating the principal officers in General
Leslie's Scottish legion in the Russian service,
there was, Sir Thomas tells us :
"Colonel Thomas Game, who for the height and
grosseness of his person, being in his stature taller, and
greater in his compass of body, then any within six
kingdomes about him, was elected King of Bucharia, the
* This name furnishes another example of the " uncer-
tainty of spelling names ; " it is evidently the modern
Garden, and older Gardyne, colloquially Game, Gairn,
&c. In Burke's Landed Gentry, allusion is made to
" Colonel Gardyne of the Russian service," who was, un-
doubtedly, the hero of Sir Thomas's eulogy, and the ob-
ject of the Buchariaus' affection.
2»dS. N° 30., JIILY26. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
inhabitants of that country being more inclined to tender
their obedience to a man of a burly pitch like him, whose
magnitude being every way proportionable in all its di- I
mansions, and 'consisting rather in bones than flesh, was
no load to the minde, nor hindrance to the activity ot his (
bodv, then to a lower sized man, because they would }
shun equality, as near as they could, with him of whom j
they should make choice to be their sovreign; they es-
teeming nothing more disgraceful, nor of greater dispa-
rafument to the reputation of that state, than that their
king should through disadvantage of stature be looked
down upon by any whose affaires of concernment perhaps
for the weal of the crown, might occasion a mutual con-
ference face to face. He had ambassadors sent to him to
receive the crown, sceptre, sword, and all the other royal
cognizances belonging to the supreme majesty of that
nation ; but I heard him say, that the only reason he re-
fused their splendid offers, and would not undergo the
charge of that regal dignity, was because he had no sto-
mach to be circumcised: however, this uncircumsised
Game, agname the Sclavonian, and upright Gentile, for
that he loves good fellowship, and is of a very gentile
conversation, served as a colonel together with the fore-
named five, and other unmentioned colonels of the Scot-
tish nation in that service, against the Crim Tartar, under
t he command of both his and their compatriot, Sir Alex.
Leslie*, generalissimo of all the forces of the whole Em-
pire of Russia ; which charge, the wars against the Tar-
tarian beginning afresh, he hath re-obtained, and is in
the plenary enjoyment thereof, as I believe, at the same
instant time, and that with such approbation for fidelity
and valour that never any hath been more faithfull in
the discharge of his duty, nor of a better conduct in
the infinite dangers through Avhich he hath past." —
EK2KYBAAAYPON : or the Discovery of a most Exquisite
Jewel, &c. 8fc., serving in this Place to frontal a Vindication
of the Honour of Scotland, Sfc. §'c.* London : Cottrell,
1652.— Reprinted in The Works of Sir T. U., Maitland
Club, 4to., Edin. 1834.
J. O.
ILLUSTRATIONS OF MACAULAY.
THE. CAVALIER'S COMPLAINT.
To the Tune of " lie tell thee, Dick" frc.
Come Jack, let's drink a pot of Ale
And I shall tell thee such a Tale,
Will make thine eares to ring :
My Coyne is spent, my time is lost
And I this only fruit can boast
That once I saw my King.
But this doth most afflict my mind ;
I went to Court in hope to find,
Some of my friends in place :
And walking there I had a sight,
Of all the Crew, but by this light
I hardly knew one face.
S' life of so many Noble Sparkes,
Who on their Bodies beare the markes
Of their Integrity :
* This old general seems to have become a Muscovite :
for we find him living at Smolensko in his ninety -ninth
year. — Present State of Russia, 167i.
And suflred ruine of Estate,
It was niy base unhappy Fate
That 1 not one could see.
Not one upon my life among
My old acquaintance all along,
At Truro and before :
And I suppose the place can shew,
As few of those whom thou didst know,
At Yorke or Marston Moore.
But truly there are swarmes of those,
Whose Chins are beardlesse, yet their Hose
And backsides still weare Muffes : .
Whilst the old rusty Cavaliers
Retires or dares not once appeare,
For want of Coyn and Cuffes.
When none of those I could descry,
Who better farre deserv'd then I,
I calmely did reflect :
Old Servants by rule of State,
Like Almanacks grow out of date,
What then can I expect ?
Troth in contempt of Fortunes frowne
Tie get me fairely out of Towne,
And in a Cloyster pray :
That since the Starres are yet unkind
To Royalists, the King may find
More faithfull Friends then they.
AN ECHO TO THE CAVALIER* S COMPLAINT.
I marvaile Dick, that having beene
So long abroad, and having scene
The World as thou hast done :
Thou shouldst acquaint me with a Tale
As old as Nestor, and as stale,
As that of Priest and Nunne.
Are we to learne what is a Court ?
A Pageant made for Fortunes sport,1
Where merits scarce appeare :
For bashfull merits only dwels
In Camps, in Villages, and Cols,
Alas it comes not there.
Desert is nice in its addresse,
And merit oft times doth oppresse,
Beyond what guilt would doe :
But they are sure of their Demands,'
That come to Court with Golden hands,
And brazen faces too.
The King indeed doth still professe,
To give his Party soone Redresse,
And cherish Honesty :
But his good wishes prove in vaine
Whose service with his Servants gaine
Not alwayes doth agree.
All Princes be they ne're so wise
Are faine to see with other eyes,
64
NOTES AND QUEEIES.
[2nd S. NO 30., JULY 26. 556.
But seldome heare at all :
And Courtiers find their Interest
In time to feather well their Nest,
Providing for their Fall.
Our comfort doth on time depend,
Things when they are at worst will meed.
And let us but reflect
On our condition t'other day,
When none but Tyrants bore the sway,
What did we then expect ?
Meanwhile a calme retreat is best
But discontent if not supprest,
Will breed Disloyalty :
This is the constant note Tie sing,
I have been faithfull to the King
And so shall live and dye.
No. 2641. of the Collection of Proclamations,
&c., presented to the Chetham Library, Man-
chester, by James O. Halliwell, Esq., F.R.S.
BlBLIOTHECAB. CHETHAM,
Prince of Orange (2nd S. i. 370. ; ii. 6.) —Be-
fore writing my note on the De Witts, I had exa-
mined the pamphlet to which P. II. refers. It is
not the sentence of a real court, but a " pasquil "
made up of the charges in circulation against the
brothers, put in the form of a judgment. The
attesting witnesses are, " De Borgery van de 7
Provincien, en alle Liefhebbers en voorstanders
van Gods Kerck en het lieve Vaterlandt."
I do not think that any sentence was passed on
John De Witt. II. B. C.
U. U. Club.
DISSECTION.
" To be dissected and anatomized." — Sentenceoit Murderers.
11 Poor brother Tom had an accident this time twelve-
month, and so clever made a fellow he was, that I could
not save him from those flaying rascals the surgeons, and
now, poor man, he is among the 'otomies at Surgeons'
Hall." — Mat of the Mint, Beggar's Opera.
I am rather at a loss to account for the change
in the law which took place a few years ago, by
which the murderer was relieved of that part of
his sentence which devoted his body to dissection,
for the improvement of science. I have been the
more inclined to doubt the policy of this measure
from the perusal of several of the older volumes of
the Annual Register, from which it appears, in a
great many instances, that nothing has been so
terrible, or made the most hardened culprit shud-
der, as the judge pronouncing this part of the
sentence. Not to trespass too much on your co-
lumns, I will only quote two cases.
Lord Ferrers on April 18, 1760, had sen-
tence passed upon him, by which he was to be
hanged by the neck till he was dead, after which
his body was to be delivered to Surgeons' Hall to
be dissected and anatomized: at this part of the
sentence his lordship cried out, " God forbid ! "
{Annual Register, 1760, pp. 38. 93.)
Dumas the highwayman declared that he valued
not death, but only the thoughts of being anato-
mized. He was the favourite of the ladies, and
while in prison was frequently visited by them,
which gave rise to the song, —
" Certain JBettes to Dumas.
" Joy to thee, lovely thief! that thou
Hast 'scap'd the fatal string ;
Let gallows groan with ugly rogues,
Dumas must never swing," &c.
This was made upon one of his acquittals. (An-
nual Register, 1761, pp. 51. 88.)
I am not for showing leniency to murderers, and
would ask why the former sentence should not be
re-enacted ? A.
EPITAPHS AT WINCHESTER.
(1st S. xii. 424.)
I transmit the following epitaph for insertion
in "N. & Q.," where I wonder that it has not
hitherto appeared. I copied it from an inscription
on a tombstone in the churchyard of Winchester
Cathedral, and a military friend then quartered
there informed me that a statement once appeared
in Frasers Magazine to the eifect that the qua-
train commencing " Here sleeps in peace," was
written by Dr. Benjamin Hoadley, sometime
Bishop of Winchester. Now, as Bishop Hoadley
died April 17, 1761, it is plain that he could not
have written an epitaph on a person who survived
him more than three years.
I have divided the lines exactly as they appear
on the tombstone, and beg to direct your attention
to the ambiguity of " when hot," which might
apply to the " beer " or to its victim ; also to the
disembodiment of the North Hants Militia in
April, 1802, being assignable (owing to the ob-
scure language) to the destruction of the " ori-
ginal stone," and not to the peace of Amiens,
which was ratified in March, 1802. The inference
drawn by the poet that the grenadier was killed
by the smallness of the beer, and not by its want
of caloric, is as original as it is, doubtless, correct.
" In memory of
THOMAS THETCHER,
a Grenadier in the North Regiment
of Hants Militia, who died of a
violent fever contracted by drinking
small beer when hot the 12th of May,
1764, aged 26 years.
In grateful remembrance of whose universal
good-will towards his Comrades this Stone
is placed here at their expense as a small
testimony of their regard and concern.
2nd S. N° 30., JULY 26. '56.]
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
Here sleeps in peace a Hampshire Grenadier,
Who caught his death by drinking cold small beer.
Soldiers, be wise from his untimely fall,
And, when ye 're hot, drink strong, or none at all.
This Memorial being decayed was restor'd
by the Officers of the Garrison, A.D. 1781.
An honest soldier never is forgot,
Whether he die by musket or by pot.
This Stone was placed by the North Hants
Militia when disembodied at Winchester
on 2Qth April, 1802, in consequence of
the original Stone being destroyed"
I also send a transcript of an epitaph in the
aisle of the cathedral. It is engraved on a black-
ened piece of copper, and is affixed to one of the
pillars in the vicinity of Bishop Hoadley's tomb.
The lines in this epitaph are divided, and the
capital letters allotted exactly as in the original
inscription, to the spelling of which I have care-
fully adhered.
"A MEMORIALL
For the renowned Martialist Richard Boles of ye
Right Worshypfull family of the Bolles, in
Linckhorne Sheire : Colonell of a Ridgment of Foot
of 1300. who for his Gratious King Charles ye First
did Wounders at the Battell of Edge Hill, his last
Action ; to omit all Others was att Alton in the
County of Southampton, was surprised by five or
Six Thousand of the Rebells, who caught him there
Quartered to fly to the Church, with neare fourescore
of his men who there fought them six or seven
Houers, and then the Rebells breaking in upon them
he Slew with his Sword six or seven of them and
then was Slayne himselfe, with sixty of his men aboute
him,
1641.
His Gratious Sovereign hearing of his death, gave
him his high Comendation in ys pationate expression,
Bring me a Moorning Scarffe, i have Lost
one of the best Commanders in this Kingdome.
Alton will tell you of that famous tight
which y» man made and bade the World good Night
His verteous Life fear'd not mortality
His body must his Vertues cannot Die.
Because his Bloud was there so nobly spent,
This is his Tomb, that Church his Monument.
Ricardus Boles in Art. Mag.
Composuit, Posuitque, Dolens.
An. Dm. 1689."
This Richard Boles is plainly identical with the
"Ri. Boles, Mr Art, 1689," mentioned in " N. &
Q.," 2nd S. i. 429., who died Rector of Whitnash
Church, Warwickshire, subsequently to 1689, in
which year he completed his eighty-fourth year.
G. L. S.
Conservative Club.
" Blawn-sheres" — - This singular specimen of
orthography is given by Mr. Froude : —
" They found the Great Quadrant" (of New College,
Oxford) «• full of the leaves of Duns (Scotus), the wind
blowing them into every corner ; and one Mr. Greastfield,
a gentleman of Bucks, gathering up part of the same
book leaves, as he said, to make him sewers or blawn-
sheres, to keep the deer within his wood, thereby to have
the better cry of his hounds." — From a Letter to Crom-
well contained in "The Suppression of Monasteries"
(p. 71.), Froude's History of England, vol. ii. p. 418.
It should have been written Haunsh-eres; as the
word is no other than the Uanchers, or blenchars,
of Sidney and Elyot, " to keep off deer, to feare
birds," quoted in Richardson's Dictionary, sub.
vv., BLANCH and BLENCH. But what are sewers ?
Q.
Bloomsbury.
Haddon Hall, #c. — In Thoi'nbury's Shak-
spectre's England occur the following errors. Id.
the first volume, p. 73., he says :
"Amongst other noble Tudor erections we may also
mention, for the very names call up a thousand associa-
tions, Haddon Hall, Derbyshire (in ruins). . . South
Wingfield, Derbyshire, dilapidated."
And at p. 81. :
" The following are a few of the palatial houses finished
before 1600. . . . Hardwicke, Derby, Countess of
Shrewsbury's, in ruins."
Haddon Hall is nearly unfurnished, but is not in
ruins. It was built at different periods, which are
traced back to the time of Stephen, if not to that
of the Conqueror. Part of it, the long gallery,
was added about the time of Elizabeth. South
Wingfield Manor is a complete and very beautiful
ruin.
Hardwick Hall, which was built by " Bess of
Hardwick," is in a perfectly habitable state, and
contains a great number of pictures of celebrated
members of the family.
The old hall in which the countess was born is
a complete ruin, very near to the present building.
Sheffield.
John Till AUingham, the dramatic writer, is
allowed a niche in Mr. Charles Knight's Cyclo-
pcedia of Biography now issuing. But the editor
says he is unacquainted with the time and place
of his death. Mr. Cromwell, in his Walks through
Islington, says he died at his father's house, Cole-
brooke Terrace, February 28, 1812; while The
Examiner newspaper, and another periodical I
have referred to, give the date as March 8, 1812.
He was buried at Bunhill Fields.
Many of these notices are founded on those in
the Penny Cyclopaedia, the errors of omission and
commission of which I hope will be rectified.
Books of fact and reference never can be too
exact, and I have found several errors of date and
place therein. For instance, the date of Wolfe's
birth is wrong; and Lord Wellesley died at
Kingston House, Knightsbridge, not the Kingston
House there stated. H. G. D.
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2'»<*S. N° 50., JULY 2 6.
Parish Registers. — The necessity of having all
the parish registers transcribed and printed is
universally admitted,, and several communications
have been made to you on the subject; but lat-
terly the matter appears to have dropped. Many
clergymen would doubtless assist all in their
power, but I think it would be an undertaking
too gigantic for private enterprise ; and from its
national importance, should be done at government
expense.
If some of your readers were to bring the mat-
ter before Parliament, there is no doubt it would
be sanctioned at once. The affair must not again
be allowed to sleep ; as from the state of many of
the registers, every week is of importance.
I will not presume to sketch any plan for car-
rying this into effect, as many of your correspon-
dents are far better versed in such matters than I
am. I only wish to urge the immediate necessity
of having it done in some way. W.
Bomba3r.
" The Pale" North Malvern. — Near to Cowley
Park, on the road to Leigh Sinton, there is
a picturesque gabled house, bearing the date
"MDCXXXI." this house is called "The Pale,"
and is so marked in the Ordnance Map ; but I do
not find any mention of it in the county or local
histories. Future writers, however, may be in-
duced to notice it, and may possibly be led into
error in explaining its etymology. I have acci-
dentally been put into possession of the correct
origin of the word, and I will therefore here make
a Note of it. The house was built in 1631 by one
who had acquired a large fortune as a baker. He
was not ashamed of the trade, by the profits of
which he had become a " prosperous gentleman,"
and he therefore resolved to call his newly-built
residence by a name that should remind him and
others of his former occupation. The name he
selected was " The Pale," which is the title given
to the long wooden shovel on which the bread is
placed in order to be pushed into the oven.
CUTHBERT BEDE, B.A.
Curious Epigram. — Referring to WM. M.
W.'s inquiry after the author of the epigram,
"Blessed be the Sabbath" ("N. & Q.," 1st S. vi.
507.), I beg to send you the following quotation
from a singular book, Small's Roman Antiquities,
Edinburgh, 1823, App. p. 5., verbatim, in the
author's slovenly style :
" Another curious anecdote is told of Cromwell when
lying about Perth, when one of the principal contractors
for his army, of the name of Monday or Mundy, by his
affairs becoming embarrassed, had committed the rash
act of suicide by hanging himself. Cromwell, it seems,
had offered a premium to any one that would make the
most appropriate lines of poetry on the occasion, however
short or sententious. Many elaborate poetical essays, it
is said, were given in by the various competitors on the
subject; but, amongst others, a tailor, who lived at Kin-
fauns, is said to have started as a competitor ; but unfor-
tunately, his wife, when she understood that he was one,
and learned also that he was about to set out for the
trial, thought it so ridiculous in him to appear, that she
locked up his clothes, and would not allow him a clean
shirt to appear decent in. However, it seems the tailor
had either found means to procure a clean shirt, or had
gone wanting one, and delivered in his essay with the
rest, consisting only of four simple lines, but which is said
to have carried off the prize.
" 'Bless'd be the Sunday,
Cursed be worldly "pelf;
Tuesday now begins the week,
For Monday has hang'd himself.'
This shows that Oliver, with all his apparent morosity,
had not been insensible to humour."
D.M.
Arbroath.
" Pence a piece" for a penny a piece. — Query,
as to the antiquity and locality of this mode of
expression. Has any notice of it appeared in
" N. & Q." ? As a market-phrase it was formerly
employed in Herefordshire, but seems falling into
disuse. An anecdote may serve to illustrate its
application.
In the parish of Llangarron, near Ross, in the
above county, some years ago, a farmer's wife re-
sided whose name was Wood. She had, upon one
occasion, a flock of six geese and a gander, the
former in very good order. One morning the
geese were observed to be missing ; and the soli-
tary gander made his appearance, with a label
tied round his neck containing- a sixpence, and the
following lines : —
" Mrs. Wood, your geese arc good,
And we, your neighbours yonder,
Have bought these geese at pence a piece,
And sent it by the gander."
The word yojider, pronounced, as it commonly
is in the country, yander, produces the legitimate
rhyme. W. (1.)
LETTERS Or HORACE WALPOLE.
I purpose, in the ensuing autumn (Nov. 1.)
to commence the publication, in eight monthly
volumes, of a new and revised edition of the
Letters of Horace Walpole, of which MR. PETER
CUNNINGHAM has accepted the editorship — a
guarantee that the edition will be carefully edited.
I am the proprietor of all the published letters of
Walpole, and shall be able to give additional value
to this new edition from my own unpublished col-
lection, as well as the contributions of friends.
But, being extremely desirous to render the edi-
tion as complete as possible, I venture to hope for
the aid of those who may possess unpublished let-
ters or papers of Walpole : for the use of which
contributions, due acknowledgment will be made.
The work will be published in 8vo., with very
S. NO 30., JULY 20. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
numerous portraits and other illustrations, and
printed with elegance. RICHARD BENTLEY.
8. Now Burlington Street, July 18,
FOREIGN REFORMED LITURGIES.
In his Friendly Delate (part ii. p. 227., ed. 6.
8vo., London 1684) Bishop Patrick makes use of
the following statement :
" I remember in the beginning of the late wars the
Scottish Forms of Prayer were printed. And so were the
French, and those of Geneva, and Gnernsea, and the
Dutch, to name no more ; all translated into English."
I beg to solicit the assistance of those readers of
" N. & Q." who have made the obscure subject of
foreign liturgical formularies their special study,
towards verifying the accuracy of his remarks.
1. There is no difficulty in identifying the
" Scottish Forms " first referred to with the fol-
lowing publication :
" The Service, Discipline, and Forme of the Common
Prayers, and Administration of the Sacraments, used in
the 'English Church of Geneva ; as it was approved by
that most reverend Divine, M. John Calvin, and the
Church of Scotland. Humbly presented to the most High
Court of Parliament, this present yeare, 1641. London :
printed for William Cooke, at Furnefalls, June, 1641."
The same compilation was reprinted, with a
slightly different title, in 1643 ; and a third time
in The Phcenix, vol. ii. pp. 204—259.
It is mainly identical with the form generally
known as the book of Common Order adapted by
Knox, Whittingham, Parry, and Lever, from the
Genevan model of Calvin, with the addition of
" some part taken forth of the English book
(Church of England Book of Common Prayer),
and other things put in as the state of the church
required." (Troubles at Frankfort, in The Phoe-
nix, vol. ii. p. 71.) It was printed at Geneva,
with a preface dated Feb. 10, 1556, and seems to
have been carried back by Knox to Scotland,
where an act of the General Assembly ordered it
to be universally adopted, in December, 1562.
2. I cannot, however, meet with an English
translation of the French ritual within thirty years
after the date of Patrick's work. In the Lambeth
Library is a small octavo volume, printed in
London in 1699, entitled Forms of Prayer used in
the Reformed Churches in France before their Per-
secution and Destruction^ translated into English
by J. T. It is true that the Book of Discipline of
the Reformed Churches of France was put forth in
English in 1642 ; but this includes only certain
special offices, viz. those for baptism, burial, and
excommunication. Is any translation of the whole
liturgy extant prior to that I have referred to ?
3. An English version of Calvin's Genevan
Order was* in existence as early as the year 1554.
(Troubles, frc., p. 63. ; McCrie's Life of Knox,
p. 425.) Another was printed in London by
Waldegrave in 1584, which being prohibited by
order of the Star Chamber in June, 1G85, was re-
printed by Richard Schilders at Middleburgh in
Zealand, in 1586. A third edition was issued in
1587, and a fourth in 1602. This book was pre-
sented by the Puritan party to Parliament in 1584,
with the view of securing that legal confirmation
for it in England which Knox's Liturgy (almost
identical with it) had already obtained in Scot-
land. The variations of these several editions are
clearly exhibited in vols. i. and iii. of Reliquia Li-
turgies, by the Rev. Peter Hall, M.A., and I have
no further inquiry to institute under this head.
4. With respect to the forms used by the re-
formed congregations of Guernsey, I am at a loss
to supply the author's reference, unless he may be
held to allude to —
" The Order for Ecclesiastical Discipline, according to
that which hath been practised since the Reformation of
the Church in His Majesty's Dominions of the Isles of
Garnse}', Gersey, Spark, and Alderney ; confirmed by the
authoritie of the Synode of the aforesaid lies,"
which was drawn up in a conclave of the ministers
and elders of the several reformed churches of the
Channel Islands, held at the town of St. Peter's
Port in Guernsey, June 28, 1576. A later im-
pression of the same book appeared in 1642, the
precise date to which Patrick's remarks are calcu-
lated to apply. I am at the same time anxious to
have the query resolved, whether any specific pub-
lication of the Liturgy, properly so called, in an
English dress has ever taken place. The Book of
Discipline does not itself comprise the entire
ritual, but merely the special forms of service for
the ordination of elders and deacons.
4. Has any English version of the Dutch Li-
turgy ever appeared ? The form drawn up, ori-
ginally in Latin, by Alasco for the use of the
Dutch church in Austin Friars, was translated
into Dutch by Martin Mikronius in 1550, and re-
printed in 1560 into German by J. Mayer, 8vo.
Heid. 1565, and into French by Giles Clematius,
8vo., 1556, n.p. But I have not succeeded in
finding any trace of an English translation.*
Any information calculated to elucidate these
questions, as well as the further point, what other
foreign Forms of Prayer the author may be sup-
posed to indicate, will be most acceptable to the
present querist. A. TAYLOR, M«A.
" Antiquity, a Farce" — Can you inform me
who is the author of Antiquity, a farce, in two
acts, 1808. It is said to have been written by a
gentleman of the Inner Temple. R. J.
[* Two interesting articles on Alasco's Liturgy will be
found in The British Magazine, vol. xv. p. G12. : vol. xvi.
p. 127, -En.]
68
NOTES AND QUERIES.
NO 30., JULY 26. '56.
Ancient British Saints. — In Sismondi's Fall of
the Roman Empire (vol. i. ch. vii., English trans.),
he says :
" So long as the British heroes, such as Hoel, Alain,
Judicael (to whom several churches were dedicated), re-
tained the vigour of youth or manhood, they knftw no
other passion than that for war .... but when their
ferocity was tamed by age, and began to give place to the
terrors of a future judgment, they shut themselves up in
convents, and lived a life of the severest penance."
This chapter is from A.D. 412 to 453. Do any
of these churches still exist ? or what traditions
are there of churches dedicated to these ancient
saints of Britain ? E. E. BYNG.
Masters of Arts ranking as Esquires. — Can any
of your readers inform me of any authority for
Masters of Arts of the Universities of Oxford and
Cambridge being entitled to rank as esquires ?
M.A. (Oxon).
Archibald Steele. — Can you give me any in-
formation regarding Archibald Steele, author of
The Shepherd's Wedding, a pastoral comedy, pub-
lished in Scotland in 1789 ? R. J.
" The Vine" a Parable. — A copy of the beauti-
ful parable called " The Vine," and commencing
thus, " On the day of their creation, the trees
boasted one to another," &c., is much desired.
It was published in an old number of The
Talisman. Is this monthly periodical still con-
tinued ? ANITEEBOE.
Edinburgh.
David Morrison, — There was a volume of
poetry, published at Montrose in 1790, by David
Morrison. Is anything known regarding the
author ? R. J.
Boxing-Day. — The term boxing-day is used
both in the theatres and in courts of law. What
is the meaning of it in each case ? S.
Sir John Cope. — Wanted, particulars of the
family descent, marriage, life, professional ser-
vices, death, burial-place, and descendants of Sir
John Cope, who commanded the royal troops in
1745 at Preston Pans. Any references to pub-
lished or accessible unpublished information will
be acceptable. JAMES KNOWLES.
" Hey, Johnnie Cope," frc. — Who was the
author of " Hey, Johnnie Cope are ye wakin yet ? "
And whose music is that quaint stirring air ? DR.
RIMBAULT could, no doubt, oblige me with an
answer to the latter Query. JAMES KNOWLES.
Human Leather, fyc. — I have somewhere heard
or read of two or three human skins having been
prepared and tanned like leather, and of a pair of
shoes or boots having been made of such leather.
I think also there was mention made of another
dressed as parchment. No doubt they form part
of the contents of some museum.
Can any of your readers give me any informa-
tion respecting them ? R. W. HACKWOOD.
" The Dissenters Dissected" — Some twenty
years ago, a poem of eighteen stanzas was sent to
me by a friend, since deceased, called The Dis-
senters Dissected, by a Lay Dissector, to which
ten other stanzas were added. Has it ever been
printed ?
The first stanza is —
" The noblest tree of forest growth,
And meanest shrub, engender both
Within their vital juices,
The germs of that, which soon or late
Their own decay accelerate,
Or earlier abuses."
One of the added stanzas (the 26th) is — -
" No church rate — that must never be,
For all religion shall be free ;
And surely it is hard
That we, who know the letter way
To Heaven, for their church path should pay,
But give us their church yard ! ! "
WM. COLLYNS, M.R.C.S.
Chudleigh, Devon.
Dismissal of Non- Communicants. — In Cleaver's
edition of Bishop Wilson On the Lord's Supper
(London, 1851), there is a note on the subject of
the dismissal of non-communicants. It is there
stated that the benefits arising from the opposite
practice have not escaped the notice of some of
our most eminent divines ; and it is added, " See
Bp. Jebb's Practical Theology."
Can any of your correspondents supply the
passage alluded to in Bishop Jebb's book ?
This edition of Bishop Wilson's work was, I
believe, prepared by the late Rev. W. Wright,
A.M., of Trinity College, Dublin ; the " Notes,
historical and explanatory," which accompany it
are full of curious research, but they occupy a
somewhat disproportionate space in a devotional
work.
The note which suggests my Query occurs at
p. 169. There are some more remarks on the
same subject at p. 255. A. A. D.
P.S. What is supposed to be the proper posture
for the people during the comfortable words, the
Sursum corda and the Sanctus ? I have heard
very contradictory opinions on the subject, and
indeed it is one by no means free from difficulty,
owing to the transpositions which have been made
in the Liturgy.
Prologues and Epilogues to the Westminster
Plays. — Has there ever been published a Collec-
tion of the Prologues and Epilogues to the West-
minster Plays ? If so, where ? C. J. DOUGLAS.
S. N« 30., JULY 26. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
69
Satellite. — What is considered to be the de-
rivation of the word satettes, a satellite ? A. A. D.
Varnishing Old Books. — I should feel greatly
indebted to any reader of " N..& Q." who has had
practical experience on the subject, for informa-
tion as to the advantages and disadvantages (if
any) of varnishing old books. That the appear-
ance of volumes thus treated is for a time im-
proved, will be generally admitted ; but the really
important question is, are bindings thereby pre-
served, and is commencing decay arrested ?
The former series of " N. & Q." contains some
receipts for book varnishes ; but the questions I
have ventured to propose have not, as far as I
remember, yet met with consideration in your
pages. The subject is one of daily increasing
importance ; and if fully treated by those com-
petent to do so, will, I am sure, prove valuable
and interesting to a large number of your readers.
The rapid deterioration of bindings in some Lon-
don libraries has been the subject of frequent
and anxious remark. And the more general use
of gas in dwelling-houses is already committing
sad havoc on many private collections. W. M.
Finsbury Place.
The Country Parson's Honest Advice. — I should
be glad to know the author of the following
verses : —
" The Country Parson's Ifonest Advice to that Judicious
Lawyer and Worthy Minister of State — My Lord
" Be wise as Somerset, as Somer's brave,
As Pembroke airy, and as Richmond grave,
Humble as Oxford [Orford?] be, and Wharton's zeal,
For Church and Loyalty, would fitt thee well ;
Like Sarum I would have thee love the Church,
He Scorns to leave his Mother in the Lurch.
For the well governing your family,
Let pious Haversham thy pattern be :
And if it be thy fate again to marry,
And S— y r's daughter will thy year out tarry,
May'st ttiou use her as Mohun did his tender wife,
And may she lead his virtuous Lady's life.
To Summ up all : Devonshire's chastity,
Bolton's ineritt, Godolphin's probity,
Halifax his modesty, Essex's sense,
Montague's management, Culpepper's pence ;
Tenison's learning, and Southampton's wit,
Will make thee for an able statesman fit."
I want to know the author and the person to
whom it is addressed ? * I find it in a MS. (circa
1690 or 1700), containing an account of the feasts
and fasts of the Church, history of the black-
letter Saints in our Calendar, and an exposition
of the Church Catechism. J. C. J.
Hospital Out-Patients. — The governors of an
hospital established in a town containing 31,000
[* We have before us a printed copy of these lines, as
a small folio broadside, circa 1733-4. They are addressed,
we have not the least doubt, to Lord Chancellor Talbot,
who received the Great Seal Nov. 29, 1733;— ED.]
inhabitants, and embracing a district, chiefly agri-
cultural, of 104 square miles, have been called
upon to decide as to the expediency of altering the
days of attendance of the out-patients at the hos-
pital. Out-patients are at present assisted with
advice and medicine (but in no other respect are
chargeable to the charity) on Mondays, Thurs-
days, and Saturdays at eleven, A. M. It is pro-
posed to alter the days to Tuesdays and Saturdays;
thus requiring attendance twice a-week instead of
thrice.
It is expected that the alteration will be better,
not only for the medical men, but also for the out-
patients.
That a waste of drugs will be prevented, as it
is alleged that the patients cannot possibly con-
sume the medicine in the interval between Thurs-
day and Saturday.
And it is asserted that no hospital in the king-
dom receives its out-patients more than twice a-
week.
I shall be much obliged to any of your corre-
spondents who will kindly tell me whether the
last assertion is correct, naming at the same time
the town, or stating its numerical population,
from which their experience is drawn. And also
whether their experience would lead them to
hope for the benefits which are said to be ex-
pected from the change. REMIGIUS.
Robert Sansum or Sampson. — B. S. I. would
feel obliged for information respecting Robert
Sansum (or Sampson), Commander of the Reso-
lution, and Rear. Admiral of the White, who fell
at Lowestoft on June 3, 1665. *
Where was he born ? Where buried ? What
arms did he bear ? Was he related to a Colonel
Sampson, whose name appears in the list of pro-
posed Knights of the Royal Oak ?
Coffer. — What is the exact meaning of this
word in the following passage ? It occurs in the
deposition of a witness in a suit in the Ecclesias-
tical Court of Durham about the state of the
church of Lesbury in Northumberland, in 1630-1.
The witness says, " He doth well remember that
ther were divers coffer jeastes of oak above the
vestrye." Socius DUNELM.
Responsibility of Animals to Man.— I met lately
an interesting account of the process by which,
during the Middle Ages, animals and insects (flies,
rats, and others), were cited to appear in the
courts, and to show cause why they should not be
destroyed as a nuisance ? And on their failure to
appear, their extermination was decreed in due
form of law. I shall feel greatly obliged to any
of your correspondents who can refer me to the
work (I think a recent periodical) in which the
narrative occurs ? J. E. T.
NOTES AND QUERIES.
S. X" 30., JULY 26. '5G.
Minor cauert'eg tottfc
" Marry? — What is the exact meaning of the
adverbial exclamations " Marry," " Marry trap,"
" Marry and Amen, " Marry, Heaven forbid,"
"Marry come up," so common in these and vari-
ous other forms in our earlier writers ? In Twiss's
valuable Index to Shakspeare (1805) I find "above
250 instances of its occurrence in this our great
dramatist. With most of the writers of his age,
the " Great Lord Digby " too, in his Elvira, em-
ploys this term ; as thus :
" So one displeased to find his crawfishes
Shrivel'd within and empty, said to his cook,
(who laid the fault upon the wane o' th' moon),
' What has the moon to do with crawfishes ? '
' Marry ! she has, 'tis she that governs shellfish.' "
So in Monsieur Thomas, Beaumont and Fletcher :
" Marry ! thou hast taught him, like an arrant rascal,
First," to read perfectly ; which, on my blessing,
I warn'd him from ; for I knew if he read once,
He was a lost man."
The more modern use of " Marry come up " is
found in Pericles, Act IV. Sc. 6. ; Romeo and Ju-
liet, Act II. Sc. 5. Are these corruptions of St.
Mary ? or whence derived ? C. H. P.
[Halli well's explanation, " Marry," as an interjection
equivalent to " Indeed," has been already noticed in our
1st S. viii. 9. ; but Nares is of opinion that in many in-
stances it is a corruption of Marie, as an asseveration
confirmed by the name of the Virgin Mary. Thus Coles
says, "Many (oath) per Mariam." SuclTis the origin of
Marry come up, originally Marry guep, gip, or gup. "I
suspect," says Nares, " that guep is a corruption of go up,
which it seems was contemptuous. Thus, the children
said to Elisha, « Go up, thou bald-head, go up !' "]
Ancient Oaths. — If a collection of the very
curious and interesting oaths that have been in
use has not been made in the pages of "1ST. & Q.,"
may I be allowed to make a beginning, hoping
that other contributors to its pages will follow,
and build up such a collection on my foundation ?
Old Chaucer's " Host," in the Canterbury Tales,
strengthens an assertion " By Seinte Poules bell."
Peter the apprentice, in Henry VI., holds up
his hands, and accusing Homer says, —
"By these ten lones, my Lords, he did speak them to
me, in the garret one night, as we were scouring my Lord
of York's armour."— Henry VI., Pt. II. Act 1. Sc. 4.
T. II. P.
[The habit of profane swearing in former times by the I
English has been noticed in our 1st S. iv. 37. ; vi. 299.
306. 471.; but we need scarcely add, it is only oaths that
are "curious and interesting" that should be included
in the collection, as many of them in our early writers j
are peculiarly impious and irreverent. Even in Chaucer
it is advisable to make a selection, such as the following : [
The Host swears — " By my father's soul."
Sir Thopas~"By ale and bread."
Arcite — " By my pan [head]."
Theseus — " By mighty Mars the rede."
The Carpenter's wife — " By Saint Thomas of Kent.
The Marcliaunt— "By Saint Thomas of Inde."
The Cambridge scholar— " By my father's kinne."]
Thomas Knaggs, of St. Giles's Church, pub-
lished a funeral sermon on Prince George of Den-
mark, 1708. Who was he? Did he publish
aught else ? and was he ever minister of Trinity
Chapel, Knightsbridge ? H. G. D.
[The Rev. Thomas Knaggs was lecturer at St. Giles-
m-the-Fields for twenty years. He published thirty-one
single sermons between the years 1691 and 1722. See a
list of them in Watt's .Bibliotheca. His successor, Mr.
Riddle, was elected lecturer, May 16. 1724.]
Colman's "Iron Chest" — I possess a copy of
this play, of which the following is the title-page :
"The Iron Chest, a Play in Three Acts, written by
George Colman the Younger. With a Preface. First
represented at the Theatre Royal Drury Lane, on Satur-
day, 12th March, 1796. < The principal Characters ' by
Mr. Kemble, &c. (Drury Lane Play-Bill.) < I had as
lievethe town-crier had spoke my lines.' —Shakespeare.
This copy contains Colman's original preface,
which I believe to be excessively rare. Is this
preface worthy of being inserted in-" N. & Q." ?
JUVERNA.
[Colman's Preface to the Iron Chest is certainly a racy
production, but Time has robbed it of its interest. Col-
man attributes the condemnation of his play to Mr. Kem-
ble, owing to the rehearsal being imperfect, and from Mr.
Kemble acting " Sir Edward Mortimer " whilst under the
effects of opium pills. No doubt the Thespjfin fraternity
look upon this Preface as a dramatic literary curiosity,
and Jones (Biograph. Dramatical) says that 30s. and even
40s. have been paid for a copy of it. But it makes twenty
pages of 8vo., and would occupy ten in our larger, or
six in the smaller type ; it is therefore obvious that we
have no alternative but to decline JUVERNA'S kind offer
with many thanks.]
Penrith Castle. — Where is there any account
of Penrith Castle, now in ruins ? A.
[For descriptive notices of Penrith Castle, consult
Hutchinson's History of Cumberland, vol. i. p. 317 ; and
Nicolson and Burn's Cumberland, vol. ii. p. 404. Views,
with short notices, of this castle, are inserted in Buck's
Antiquities, vol. i. pi. 48., and in Grose's Antiquities, vol. i.
The Old Hundredth (2nd S. ii. 34.) — H. J. G.
says this tune has no English name. He is mis-
taken, as all, or nearly all the tune books I have
seen give it as " Savoy, or the Old Hundredth."
II. G. D.
[Savoy is not an English name, and, being a second
name applied to a tune first known as the 134th Psalm,
and then as the 100th, cannot afford an argument for
taking the tune out of the list of the Old Psalter tunes.
It was not called Savoy for at least fifty years after its
creation. But the application of this name to the tune,
showing its common use with the Germans in the Savoy
Church, may have led to the popular delusion that the
tune was made by Luther.]
S. N« 30., JITLY 2G. '56.1
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
71
MERCATOB (NOT THE) AUTHOR OF THE POUND
AND MIL SCHEME.
(2»dS. i. 491.)
Your correspondent MR. JAMES YATES, whose
zealous advocacy of the introduction into the United
Kingdom of the French system of money, weights,
and measures, is so well "known, has accompanied
his question as to " who was Mercator ? " with
some observations intended to show that Mercator
was the author, and published the first idea of, the
pound and mil scheme.
I venture to submit to your readers that, except
we are disposed to attach much importance to
Mercator' s suggestion that the thousandth part of a
pound should be called a mil, MR. YATES'S theory
that Mercator set up a scheme which has been
merely taken up by scientific men, by the Decimal
Association and by parliamentary majorities, will
not hold good.
It appears to me that the proposed decimalisa-
tion of the pound sterling into florin, cent, and
mil, is not only preferable in every respect to
MR. YATES'S plan for the conversion of the pound
sterling into twenty-five ten-pences, or Briiish
francs ; but that, moreover, it is no new scheme,
and has been before the European world of science
as long as decimal fractions have been known.
The illustrious Simon Stevin, writing (or rather
publishing) in 1585, whilst advocating the deci-
malisation of money, weights, and measures, took
care to dissuade his readers from abandoning the
accustomed chief units, which are appropriately
enough termed commencements.
In Article vi. of Stevin's Appendix to La
Disme, it is stated :
" Afin de dire en brief et en general, la sorame et con-
tenu de cest article, faut S9avoir qu'on partira toutes
mesures, comme Longue, Humide, Seiche, Argent, &c.,
par la precedente dixiesme progression et chasque fameuse
espece d'icelles se nommera commencement ; comme
Marc, commencement des pois par lesquels se poise Tor et
1'argent ; Livre, commencement des autres pois communs ;
Livre de gros en Flandres, Livre Esterlain en Angleterre,
Ducat en Hispaigne, &c., commencement de monnoye"
It happens that in, England we shall not be the
first country which has had to change from a
vigesimal and duodecimal to a decimal scale of
account.
Cuthbert Tonstall, when Bishop Elect of Lon-
don, printed, in 1522, his learned and elegant
treatise on arithmetic, which contains many such
suggestions as would lead to a complete decimal sys-
tem, and he remarked upon the then widely spread
custom of keeping accounts in twenties and twelves
as subdivisions of the nominal pound and shilling.
It will be seen, however, from the following ex-
tract, that the bishop saw a point or two of dif-
ference between international coins of account
and international coins of circulation, which it will
be well to observe even at this time :
"Xunc artate nostra apud siugulas penfe nationes auroi
pro regum aut principum avbitrio .varium habent pve-
cium : sic libra?, sic solidi, ut nunc sunt vocabula : mat';-
nam pro regionibus diversitatem habent. Carter iim
illud mirum videtur: quomodo in tanta librarum et soli-
dorum aestimationis differentia, pro suo cuiusque region is
more, mnltae tamen nationes consentiunt ; ut vulgar!
lingua solidum vocent: quod denanolos duodecim \ul-
gares complectitur, libram quod solidos viginti." —
Page 271 of edition of 1529.
When Stevin wrote upon the same subject he
advocated decimal subdivision, but with careful
adherence, as far as possible, to accustomed unit?.
" — que joignant les vulgaires partitions qu'il y a
maintenant des Mesures, Pois et Argent (demeurant
chasque capitale mesure, Pois et Argent, en tous lieux
immuable) Ton ordonnast encore legitimement par les
Superieurs, la susdicte dixiesme partition, a fin que
chascun qui voudroit la pourroit user.
" II avanceroit aussi la chose si les valeurs d'argent,
principalement de ce qui se forge de nouveau, fussent
valuez sur quelques Primes, Secondes, Tierces, &c. Mais
si tout cecy ne fust pas mis en ceuvre, si tost comme nous
le pourrions souhaiter, ii nous contentera premierement,
qu'il fera du bien a nos successeurs, car il est certain que
si les homines futurs, sont de telle nature comme ont este
les precedens, qu'ils ne seront pas tousiours negligens en
lenr si grand avantage."
The preceding extract only requires one ex-
planation, viz. that by Primes, Secondes et Tierce?,
words in the decimal system suggested probably
by the works of Purbach and Muller, Stevin mean t
tenths, hundredths and thousandths; and altering
these words (as applied to coins) to florins, cents,
and mils, we have the system which is in process
and progress of introduction at the present time.
It is particularly worthy of note, that pre-
viously to the introduction of the decimal metrical
system into France, accounts were kept in livres,
sols, and deniers : twenty sols making one livre
tournois, and twelve deniers one penny. This
vigesimal and duodecimal system had prevailed
from remote antiquity in France, as it had done
in England. The two nations (as the remarks of
Bishop Tonstall illustrate) had the same system
of account; but then the highest French unit, the
livre tournois, was so very much less in value in
comparison with the highest English unit, the
pound sterling, that when the livre tournois, sol,
and denier, came to be decimalised, — although the
French substantially retained their highest unit, as
we ought to retain ours, the pound sterling, — they
could only coin into francs (nearly equal to the
livre tournois), and into primes and secondes (i. e.
ten centimes, and one centime) ; whilst we can
coin our units, of account and of circulation, into
livres, primes, secondes, and tierces (pounds, florins,
cents, and mils).
Surely, with these inherent advantages in our
system, "we need not be apprehensive of any in-
superable difficulty in carrying out now, what the;
72
NOTES AND QUERIES.
1.2"* s. NO 30., JULY 26. '56.
French carried out two generations ago ; but let
us not have recourse to their little units in pre-
ference to our great units. Let those who like to
keep their accounts *ih ten-pences do so ; but the
pound sterling, and its decimal subdivisions, is the
right thing in the right place. FEED, HENDKIKS.
NOTES ON TREES AND FLOWERS (1st S. i. 173.
457. ; xi. 460. ; xii. 71. 211.) : GREEN ROSE (1s*
S. xii. 143. 234. 371. 481.)
When the Isiac veil thrown over ancient re-
ligion by genealogies, fables, and etymologies,
shall be withdrawn, it will be evident that the
spirit of Nature has been impressed on all the
female deities. These personages are not mere
maids of honour, and she only the queen, but
through all the disguises under which she is
masked she breaks forth, O Dea certe, whether
represented by the moon or by the earth, by the
polyonymous Isis, or by the myrianthous Venus :
"All the Graces," says Thryllitius *, "in producing the
rose appear anxiously to have endeavoured the utmost
they could effect ; wherefore it is no wonder that such a
multitude of fables was created respecting the flower de-
dicated to Venus. Having diligently examined," con-
tinues our author, " the legends of Anacreon and others,
I am persuaded that it is so named avn TOV poOov TO poSov,
and having considered the legends, according to which
the rose originated either with Venus, or from the blood
of Venus, or from the gore of Adonis, or from the nectar
spilt by Cupid's negligence, or lastly, from the influx of
the star Venus, I could not refrain from suspecting some-
thing of this kind. On all sides is discovered an abun-
dant flow of love, a manifest power of nature, productive
of vegetation. Moreover, the leaves of the flower afford
a most elegant spectacle, winding in the manner of little
waves around their ungues, and in their first spontaneous
budding, effected by the law of the Almighty Creator, all
plants appear to be evolved by the same undulating
motion formed by an inherent force of nature, the know-
ledge of which antiquity perhaps intended to preserve by
the name given to this 'king of flowers. I shall therefore
be pleased to declare that in all those fables there is no-
thing involved but the general history of the production
of all plants, intended by the example of the rose."
He then explains, according to Bayle's theory,
the generation of plants, now nourished by the
constant influence of dew and showers, from juices
adapted to them, and evolved by the moisture
prepared by Divine Omnipotence in the bowels of
the earth. He shows that the first founders of
these fables seem not to have been strangers to
this opinion, and explains how in the fable of
Cassianus Bassus physical properties may be alle-
gorized by Mars, Adonis, and Venus.
The same writer enumerates the varieties of
roses, one of which is derived from the colour of
the flower, since in some it is found white, in
others purple, in others flesh colour, in others
* Plantarum Historia Fabularis, 4to., Vitembergse, 1713.
p^ale, in others yellow, in others mixed, in others
light green, if, according to Costaeus, it is en-
grafted on Agrifolii arbuscula.
BlBLIOTHECAR. CHETHAM.
Can you find room among the fresh leaves of
" N". & Q." for a newly blown rose ? It was ob-
tained from a " cutting " which I enclose (from a
Chester newspaper, June 25), and will be best
propagated by being transferred to your columns.
" Mr. W. H. Osborne, of Perry Pont House, Perry Bar,
Staffordshire, has a perfectly green rose in flower in his
new rose-house. The rose, called Rosa Verdlflora, is of a
full rich green. The tree was procured from a French
nurseryman."
F. PHILLOTT.
MUSICAL NOTATION.
On Music ; and suggestions for improvement in its symbols,
or nomenclature of sounds : to the end that there may be a
clearer demonstration of the ratios of sounds, and, by con-
sequence, a more extended knowledge of the fundus of this
art, that is the poetry or measured relation of its forms.
The readers of " 1ST. & Q." (2nd S. ii. 14.) must
have been much pleased in perusing the article on
" Musical Notation," by so distinguished a writer
as PROFESSOR DE MORGAN. For myself, as a
musician, I consider every exercise of the mathe-
matician on the subject matter of music as a step
to that which eventually must take place — the
union of the mathematician with the musician :
that which PROFESSOR DE MORGAN has made out
as a case of distress I have long felt to be a case of
necessity. The symbols and terms now. used in
the grammar of music render any clear explana-
tion of music as poetry most difficult.
The modern definition of music declares it to
be " the art of continuing tunable sounds in a
manner agreeable to the ear ; " but the old Pagan
theorist declares music to be " the art of finding
beauty in sounds by means of their ratios or
measure" And this is true ; for from the begin-
ning of the world all music has been made upon
one principle, that is to say, the doctrine of the
proportions of the scale. Music is caused by un-
dulations in the atmosphere which gather them-
selves together into a series of geometrical figures
in the ether. Although the hearing is in our
bodily frame, the causation of the hearing is the
geometric figure in motion. The sound is the
affection ; the aerial pulsation the cause of the
affection. It exists to us as an affection of the
nervous and muscular organism ; but when we
seek to deal with it as centrical, relative, a whole,
or an aliquot part of some whole, we must know
something more of it than a mere sensible proper,
or bare sensation. Effects are facts, but causes
are anterior facts. The existence in nature of the
2n<1 S. N' 30., JULY 26. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES,
relations or proportions of the scale is one fact ;
the knowledge of these relations, and the practical
power of applying them, is another. Great music
hath ever been lying in the lap of nature ready j
for man's use and enjoyment whensoever man had ;
his head, his heart, and his hand, prepared to take
it from her. The perfection of nature and the
mechanism of man are things widely asunder :
until the laws of musical science are clearly esta-
blished every man will make his own sense or
perception of music — that is to say, his individual
taste a law to others as well as to himself; whereas
it is manifest such a standard can only be a law
unto himself. Your taste will not necessarily be
my taste, unless it be one common to humanity,
and to make it common to humanity it must be
founded upon the first laws of nature, and received
without prejudice and without guile. There^is a
vast quantity of acquired sensation and received
suggestion with respect to music in the ears and
heads of persons fond of music, and who even
make the art and science their profession, or of
amateur study ; and this stock of musical percep-
tion and recollection enables many a one to talk
of, and write about, and even compose music : still
from these, and such as these, the true causes of
music are altogether concealed and remain un-
observed and unknown ; for the facts in music are
overlooked by them, and in their place has arisen
a mass of symbols but ill representing the realities.
The rudimentary language of the art is a compila-
tion of fictions. The vibration which runs through
our nervous fluid — the result of the figure in the
ether, when communicated to our bodily frame —
we describe as a note. We begin the study of
music by learning our notes. What are notes?
They are symbols for sounds ; but who entertains
the idea of one sound as a whole, or centre, and
other sounds as relations of or analogous parts of
a whole, or that a scale is the genealogical tree of
any given sound — the centre and its family rela-
tions — the orange divided into so many aliquot
parts, and subject to so many modes of apposi-
tion and arrangement ? H. J. GAUNTLETT.
8. Powys Place, Queen Square.
(To be continued.)
REVIVAL AFTER EXECUTION.
(2nd S. i. 490.)
There is really very little to be surprised at in
most of the cases we see brought forward of re-
vival after execution ; and accounts of such cases
are of trifling value unless they are accompanied
by a statement of the circumstances under which
the execution took place, and more especially of
the length of time during which the body was siis-
pended. Before the new drop — placed on an
elevated spot — was adopted, executions were
very often managed in such a way that justice
was very easily evaded. Hangmen were un-
questionably often tampered with, and they had
every facility for evading detection, more par-
ticularly as the friends of the culprit, — the gal-
lows being generally on the ground and in an
open space, — could easily crowd around, and
thus prevent observation, and also assist the exe-
cutioner in carrying out the deception which he
had been well paid to effect. Criminals, it is true,
were sentenced to be " hung by the neck until
they were dead" but the deciding when a man was
dead was often left entirely to the discretion of
the hangman, who thus was at liberty to "cut
down " some culprits much sooner than he did
others. Hence, what with feeing the hangman to
give his victim " a short fall " — to tie and place
the rope in a particular way — and to cut the
body down quickly ; and what with the friends of
the culprit crowding round close to the gallows
and interfering with what was going on, execu-
tions were frequently conducted in such a manner
as to render the subsequent revival of the person
a matter of very little surprise or difficulty. The
known cases are not a few, and if those which are
unknown, on account of the secret having been
well kept, were made public, the list, I believe,
would contain some scores of names. At one
time, indeed, it was the regular practice for the
friends of a victim of the law to make every pos-
sible preparation for his semi-hanging and his sub-
sequent resuscitation. When Deacon Brodie was
hung at Edinburgh in 1788, for robbing the Ex-
cise Office, the hangman was bribed to give him
" a short fall," and as soon as he was cut down, a
spring cart was at hand, which quickly deposited
his body at a place where doctors were in readi-
ness with every adjunct for his revival. The ex-
periment failed in this case, it is true ; but this was
solely because the hangman killed Brodie without
intending it, by tying a knot which slipped at the
critical moment, and gave the deacon a fall of
about treble the length he had contracted for, and
the case therefore is not the less valid a proof of
the practice I have referred to. The new drop,
however, by the publicity it ensures, and by the
efficacy of its operation, has put an end to decep-
tion on the part of the hangman, and to interfer-
ence on the part of the crowd ; and I therefore think
you will agree with me that cases of revival after
execution contain nothing in them that is extra-
ordinary, unless they can be shown to have oc-
curred after the employment of the new drop, and
unless they are accompanied with reasonable proofs
that the culprit was fairly hung and suspended
for the full legal hour. HENRY KENSINGTON.
NOTES AND QUERIES.
N" 30.,
2G. *5P.
REMOTE TRADITIONS THROUGH FEW LINKS.
(2nd S. ii. 29.)
The following extract from Carrick's Life of
Sir William Wallace (Whittaker, 1840, p. 29.')
gives the information sought for by E. C. :
" Having said thus much of the dress and equipment
of Wallace, the following anecdote respecting his strength
and personal appearance may not be unacceptable to the
reader; it is translated from Hector Boe'ce by the learned
editor of Morrison's edition of Blind Harry, who thus
introduces it:— 'Though this author fBoece) in general
is not much to be credited, yet it would be bard not to
believe him in an instance which happened near his own
time, and in which, if he had spoken falsely, he could
immediately have been detected. The anecdote in an-
other respect is curious, as it affords an example of lon-
gevity, not unsimilar to that of the Irish Countess 'of
Desmond, who attained a still more advanced age.
" The date is the year 1430. At that time James I.
was in Perth ; and perhaps having heard Henry the
Minstrel* recite some of Wallace's exploits, found his
curiosity excited to visit a noble lady of great age, who
was able to inform him of many ancient matters. She
lived in the castle of Kinnoul, on the opposite side of the
river ; and was probably a widow of one of the Lords of
Erskine, a branch of whose family continued to be de-
nominated from the barony of Kinnoul till about the
year 1440. It was Boece's manner to relate an event as
circumstantially as if he had been one of the parties, and
engaged in it. I shall, therefore, give the anecdote in his
own manner, by translating his words : —
" ' In consequence of her extreme old age, she had lost
her sight, but all her other senses were entire ; and her
body was yet firm and lively. She had seen William
Wallace and Robert Bruce, and frequently told parti-
culars concerning them. The King, who entertained a
love and veneration of greatness, resolved to visit the
old lady, that he might hear her describe the manners
and strength of the two heroes, who were admired in his
time, as they now are in ours. He, therefore, sent a
message, acquainting her that he was to come to her
next day. She received the message gratefully; and
thing for his reception in the best manner, particularly
that they should display her pieces of tapestry ; some of
which were uncommonly rich and beautiful. All her ser-
vants became busily employed, for their work was in some
degree unusual, as she had not for a long time been ac-
customed to receive princely visitors. The next day, when
told the King was approaching, she went down into the
hall of her castle, dressed with as much elegance and finery
as her old age and the fashion of the time would permit;
attended by a train of matrons, many of whom were her
own descendants, of which number some appeared more
altered and disfigured by age than she herself was. One
of her matrons having Informed her that the King was
entering the hall, she arose from her seat, and advanced
to meet him so easily and gracefully, that he doubted of
* "According to Pinkerton, and other authorities,
Henry did not finish his work till 1470. It is, therefore,
more probable that the curiosity of James Avas excited by
the original narrative of Blair; a book which, from his
long captivity in England, he had perhaps heard little
about, till his return to Scotland. The rehearsal, there-
fore, of the heroic achievements of his illustrious country-
man may have produced all the excitement which the
editor of the Perth edition supposes, though not made by
the Minstrel,"
her being wholly blind. At his desire, she embraced and
kissed him. Her attendant assured him that she was
wholly blind ; but that, from long custom, she had ac-
quired these easy movements. He took her by the hand
and sat down, desiring her to sit on the same seat next
to him. And then, in a long conference, he interrogated
her respecting ancient matters. He was much delighted
with her conversation. Among other things, he asked
her to tell him what sort of a man William Wallace was?
What was his personal figure ? What his courage ? .\nd
with what degree of strength he was endowed? He put
the same questions to her concerning Bruce. Robert, she
said, was a man beautiful, and of a fine appearance. His
strength was so great, that he could easily have over-
come any mortal man of his time ; but in so far as he
excelled other men, he was excelled by Wallace, both in
stature and in bodily strength ; for, in wrestling, Wallace
could have overthrown two such men as Robert was.
" ' The King made some inquiries concerning his own
immediate parents, and his other ancestors ; and having
heard her relate many things, returned to Perth well
pleased with the visit he had made.'" — Boe'th. Hist.,
i. xvii,
JOHN I. DREDGE.
ONE GIFFORD, A CLERGYMAN.
(2nd S. i. 492.)
" Verse sweetens toil, however rude the sound,
All at her work the village maiden sings :
Nor while she turns the giddy wheel around,
Revolves the sad vicissitude of things."
These lines are quoted by Dr. Samuel Johnson
in his Dictionary i under the word " vicissitude ; "
they occur in a short poem entitled Contempla-
tion*, which was printed in 1753, and its author
was Richard Gifford, B.A., of Baliol College, Ox-
ford ; Vicar of Duffield, co. Derby; Rector of
North Ockendon, co. Essex ; and Chaplain to
John and George, fourth and sixth Marquises of
Tweeddale, to whose family he was related. Ri-
chard Gilford was the only surviving son of John
Gifford of Tester in Scotland, M.A. of the Uni-
versity of Edinburgh, Rector of Mainstone, co.
Salop, and chaplain to Charles, third Marquis of
Tweeddale. His mother was Elizabeth Wollaston,
sister of Richard Wollaston, Receiver-General of
Taxes for the county of Salop. She belonged to
a branch of the ancient family of Wollaston of
Wollaston in Staffordshire. In 1748 the Rev.
Richard Gifford published his Remarks on Mr.
Kemricott's Dissertation on the Tree of Life in
Paradise. In 1751 appeared his Dissertation on
the Song of Solomon, with the original Text, di-
vided according to the Metre, and a Poetical Ver-
sion. (See Lowndes's British Librarian, p. 174.
art. 393.) His Outlines of an Answer to Dr.
Priestley's Disquisition relating to Matter and
Spirit followed in 1781. Mr. Gifford took upon
himself the labour of translating, for Nichols's
* See vol. v. p. 182. of Nichols's Literary Anecdotes of
the Eighteenth Century,
S. N° 30., JbLY 26. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
History of Leicestershire, so much of Domesday
Book as related to the history of that county ; an
arduous task, which he performed ably and
promptly. His translations of Lycophron and Ni-
cander into English verse were never published,
but he left behind him a mass of inedited manu-
scripts, evidences of the unwearied and recondite
sludies of his long life. Some specimens of his
polished verse arc to be found in Dodsley's col-
lection, and to a few of his articles in the Gentle-
mans Magazine the signature of " R. Duff" is
placed. This rare old scholar was tutor, for a
short time, to the late well-known sportsman
Hugo Meynell, of Hoar Cross ; but hia private
ibrtuno was ample, and it seems that tuition did
not suit his taste, for when John, eighth Earl of
Kothes, requested him to become " tutor and
manager " of his eldest son, he declined the pro-
posal, though it was accompanied by the promise
of future preferment. By a letter addressed to
Mr. Gifford from George, sixth Marquis of Tweed-
dale (dated Newhall, Dec. 26, 1772), it appears
that he had also refused to undertake the same
duties, attended by the same prospective advan-
tages, in the family of that nobleman's elder
brother. The Rev. Richard Gifford married in
1763 Elizabeth Woodhouse, cousin and devisee of
the Rev. Thomas Alley ne, M. A., Rector of Lough-
borough, co. Leicester. The subject of this notice
died in 1807, aged eighty-two, leaving an only
child, Euphemia, who died unmarried, Dec. 6,
1853, in her eighty-ninth year. Mr. Gifford bore
the arms of the Giffords of Tester, and his crest
was a goat's head.
A RELATIVE or " ONE GIFFORD, A CLERGYMAN."
tn ftlfuar
Lines quoted by Sir Robert Peel (2nd S. ii. 48.)
They are Dryden's of Shaftesbury in Absolom and
AchitophcL C.
" When waves run high,
A daring pilot in extremity."
The right version is, —
" A daring pilot in extremity,
Pleased with the danger when the waves ran high."
Absolom and Achitophel, 160.
X.H.
Tale wcaited (2nd S. i. 11.) — I beg to refer a. 0.
to a tale entitled "The Table d'Hote," in the
New Monthly Magazine (vol. Ixxi. p. 495.), of
which the following is a summary of the chief in-
cidents : — An English tourist, at Interlacken,
finds himself placed at the dinner- table vis-a-vis
to a beautiful woman, whose features seem not
altogether unfamiliar to him. His memory and
conversational powers stimulated by his host's
champagne, ho finds himself, by the time the ladies
have withdrawn, in a position to impart to an
Italian signor by his side his conviction that their
beautiful convive was the identical person whom
he had chanced to see exposed in the pillory, and
branded as a thief, a year or two ago at Brussells.
The Italian, who has become excited during the
progress of the story, quits the dinner-table, and
the communicative Englishman takes a digestive
stroll. In the evening he is summoned by the
waiter into the Italian's room ; where he learns,
to his horror, that the person whom he has made
the confidant of his reminiscences is the husband
of their heroine ! A recantation is demanded,
and a duel across the table proposed as an alter-
native : the Italian proceeding, as a minor pre-
liminary, to falsify the Englishman's statement by
causing his wife, who is an agonised spectator of
the interview, to bare her shoulders. She accom-
plishes the process, and the fatal scar is seen. A
yell, that bursts from the husband's lips, "pro-
claims at once his conviction and his agony."
Voices are now heard at the door ; and the Italian,
finding that there is no time to lose, proceeds to
business : his first pistol wounds his wife, the
second puts a stop to his own career. The En-
glishman shouts in desperation to those outside to
force the door, and the curtain falls on the tableau.
This outline of the story may either save or
stimulate reference to the volume which I have
indicated. WILLIAM BATES.
Birmingham.
Striking in the King's Court (2nd S. ii. 49.) —
The first Duke of Devonshire, when Lord Caven-
dish, having struck Colonel Culpepper within the
verge of the court, was acrimoniously prosecuted
for the offence ; and was glad to escape the am-
putation by a fine of 30,000/., which was, I think,
remitted at the Revolution which soon after fol-
lowed. C.
Lawn Billiards (2nd S. ii. 10.) — Troco, or
TrochOy which F. C. B. brings forward as another
name for the above, is most likely a word adopted
from the Greek by the inventor OP restorer of
the game. Tpox^s (vide Donnegan's Lex.) means
" any thing of a circular or globular form, a ball
or globe." Instances of a similar application of
the ancient languages to modern inventions will
be familiar to most of your readers, e. q. Rhypo-
phagon, Kamptulicon, Antigropelos ; and in my
time, at Cambridge, a certain slate billiard table
was designated on the owner's sign-board as
"patent petrosian" (from TreVpoy, "a stone," no
doubt). J. EASTWOOD.
Eckington.
Credence Table (2nd S. i. 154.)— I saw it stated
in one of our quarterly periodicals in 1852, that
"credence table" was derived from an obsolete
German verb, Kredenzen, to taste, owing to the
76
NOTES AND QUERIES.
S. NO 30., JULY 26. '56.
elements being placed on the credence table ; with
a view to their being publicly tasted (before con-
secration) by a person appointed for that purpose,
whenever the monarch was about to communicate,
lest poison intended to destroy the monarch
should be mixed with the bread or wine.
JUVEBNA.
Benjamin Franklin (2»d S. i. 305.) — Some
curious particulars connected with the life of the
philosopher are given in —
" History of a French Louse, or the Spy of a New
Species in France and England, &c. A Key to the chief
Events of the Year 1779, and those which are to happen
in 1780. London : printed for T. Becket, Adelphi, Strand,
1779."
Franklin had been, at this time, the minister-
plenipotentiary from the American Congress to
the Court of London, and had not escaped the
satire of the English pamphleteers. From the
rather scurrilous nature of the publication, what
is stated may be expected to be a little over-
charged, yet not inconsistent with the information
we have through other channels of the Doctor's
habits. One extract as a specimen of his economy
may suffice :
" He then quitted his master, and lived privately, sub-
sisting for many years upon fourpence a-day. I cannot
conceive how he did it : to me it seems impossible. And
yet nothing is more eas}7 ; it requires only resolution : his
method was to purchase for three pence a quantity of
potatoes, which served him for bread and meat both, and
of which there was sufficient to subsist on a Avhole week.
A baker roasted them for a halfpenny; and he bought
from a milk-woman, daily, a halfpenny worth of milk ;
all this amounted to no more than sevenpence a week.
He gave a penny a day for his lodgings in a garret, be-
cause be liked neatness and convenience, otherwise he
might have accommodated himself at a cheaper rate. He
drank small beer mixed with water, and this cost him
twopence a week. The remainder he laid by for dress and
pocket -money : for he employed nobody to wash for him,
or to mend his linen and stockings. Now let us calculate,
and you will be convinced that it is not impossible to live
upon this sum. Fourpence a day makes twenty-eight
pence a week :
His potatoes, the dressing of them, and his milk,
cost him every week ----- 7d
His lodging - - - - - - -7
And his beer ---..--- 2
Total
- 16
Thus, out of eight-and-twenty pence a week, there re-
mained twelve to make a figure with."
In the Universal Asylum and Columbian Maga-
zine for April 1790, printed at " Philadelphia by
William Young" (who emigrated from Paisley),
will be found a very interesting notice of " the
order of procession" at the Doctor's funeral ; and
a " short account of his last illness by his attend-
ing physician." G. N.
Umbrella or Parasol (2nd S. i. 503.)— Jos. G.
says, " If it be an umbrella, it certainly is a some-
what ancient discovery." Why not ? When, for
aught we know, the Chinese, Burmese, and natives
of India, have used umbrellas from time imme-
morial. The umbrellas referred to in the Nine-
vite sculptures are facsimiles of the " chattas "
still in use among the Burmese and Indians.
E. E. BYNG.
Surnames (2nd S. i. 213. 396. 522.) — It may
further establish the fact, that Rand is a local
name, if I mention that the eighth Abbat of
Bardney, who was deposed in 1214, bore the name
of Half de Rand. See Leland's Collectanea, vi.
216., Lond., 1770, 8vo. J. SANSOM.
Hengist and Horsa (2nd S. i. 439.)— J. M. K.
" There is no reason to believe the Frisian heroes
Hengist and Horsa to be a .bit more genuine than Cad-
mus or Romulus ; they merely adumbrate in the usual
way the historical fact that Kent was peopled by Frisian
tribes."
If they are but myths, how is their descent
actually registered in the old chronicles quoted
by Mac Cabe in his Catholic History of England?
A.t p. 96., he says : " They were the sons of Wicht-
gisius, the son of Wecta, whose father was
Woden." For this genealogy he gives Beda as
his authority. Then (p. 97.) he transcribes from
Roger de Wendover and Geoffry of Monmouth a
conversation between Hengist and the British
king Vortigern. In a note (p. 98.), he quotes
from Sir F. Palgrave's Rise and Progress of the
English Commonwealth, and says :
" The learned author remarks, as to Hengist and Horsa,
that, 'the names bestowed upon the sons of Wightgils
seem to be poetical epithets, rather than real denomina-
tions; both have the same meaning, and both only de-
signate the snow-white steed, from whom their ancestors
sought the omen before they entered the conflict, and
whose form, still constituting the heraldry of Kent,
adorned the standard which led them forth to victory.' "
At p. 101., he mentions "the daughter of Hen-
gist," quoting William of Malmesbury and Poly-
dore Vergil. By Geoffry of Monmouth she is called
" Eonwen ;" and by Nennius, " Romwena." The
same authorities describe the death of Horsa, and
his being succeeded by Hengist. In a note
(p. 108.), Mac Cabe says : "Horsa is believed to
have been buried at Horstead in Kent ;" adding,
in inverted commas, " Monumentum suo nomine
insigne." In the note following the above, he
quotes from the Saxon Chronicle, A. D. 455 :
"And aefter tham feng Hengest to rice." The
return of Hengist to England in 461 is there re-
lated (p. 111.), with his subsequent acts, till his
sentence by Eldad, Bishop of Gloucester, in the
Council of Conisborough, to be beheaded. Geof.
Mon., Rog. de Wend., and Matt. Westni., all agree
in this account of his death.
Could so many facts have been recorded of two
heroes who had no personal existence whatever ?
2nd S. NO 30., JULY 26. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
77
when William of Malmesbury even gives a per-
sonal character of Hengist :
" Vir qui successus suos non minus fraudibus quam
viribus urgens, inultum geuuinse sicvitiai indulgens,
omnia cruentius quam civilius agere mallet." — Gest. Her.
Any., lib. i. sec. 8.
This quoted by Mac Cabe in a note, p. 127.
E. E. BYKG.
Morning Dreams (2nd S. i. 392.) — Your corre-
spondent SARTOR has, I think, misquoted a line
from Samuel Lover's songs of The Superstitions
of the Irish Peasantry, which begins with these
lines :
" The eye of weeping
Had closed in sleeping,
And I dreamed a sweet dream yesternight."
The concluding line of the song is, —
" For I knew that the morning dream was true."
The superstition is as old as Horace, who writes
(1st Book of Satires, 10th Satire, 31st line) :
" Atqui ego, cum Graecos facerem, natus mare citra,
Versiculos, vetuit tali me voce Quirinus,
Post mediam noctem visus, quum somnia vera."
Tibullus also, in the fourth Elegy of his third
book, writes :
" Dii meliora ferant, ne sint insomnia vera,
Quse tulit extrema proxima nocte quies."
And Ovid (Epist. Heroides) :
" Namque sub Aurora, jam dormitante lucerna,
Tempore quo cerni somnia vera solent."
See the Delphin Horace, p. 423.
JUVERNA, M.A.
Dreams true after Midnight. — Orellius, com-
menting on Horace, Sat. i. 10. 33. (" Quirinus
post mediam noctem visus, quum somnia vera),
cites Moschus, 2. 2. :
" NUKTOS ore rpirarov \ax°s i'tTTarai, eyyvOi 8' %<*>$•
EVTC Kal a.Tpe/ce'wf TroiuaiVerac tOvos bvfipuv."
A. A.D.
Thomas Simon (1st S. xii. 27. ; 2nd S. i. 477.) —
As Simon was a citizen and goldsmith, his father's
name and his own age will be found in the record
of his apprenticeship and admission to the freedom
in the books of the Goldsmiths' Company, and
most likely other particulars. The officials of the
Company would doubtless willingly contribute to
the fame of a member so eminent. The same
books will show whether his sons were admitted
to the freedom by patrimony. HYDE CLARKE.
Whitsunday (2nd S. i. 521.) — In enumerating
the Feasts, on which churches were decked with
flowers, MR. MACKENZIE WALCOTT having men-
tioned that of Pentecost, calls the English name
Whiteson-Day, and considers that name a cor-
ruption of the German pingsten, fiftieth. But
surely here is a twofold mistake. The word
should be Pfingsten, which has no apparent con-
nection with the German word for fiftieth, which
is funfzigste. Still less conceivable is it that our
word Whiteson-Day, or Whitsunday, can have
been a corruption of Pfingsten, by any process
however ingenious. The received origin of the
name Whitsunday is from the appearance of the
neophytes on that Sunday and during the octave,
in the church, in the white garments which they
had received at their solemn baptism on the pre-
ceding Saturday, called Whitsun Eve. F. C. H.
Odments (2nd S. i. 433.) — This word is still in
common use in various parts of the north of Eng-
land, particularly in the Deanery of Craven, in
the West Riding of Yorkshire. Your corre-
spondent CENTURION will find it in both Brocket's
Glossary, and an anonymous one of the Craven
dialect. Q«
Bloomsbury.
The Weather (2nd S. i. 431.) — The observation
of N. H. L. R. relative to a change in the prevail-
ing winds, corresponds with my own experience
on the same subject ; and this change is especially
remarkable in the west of England, where for-
merly the S.W. almost amounted to a " trade."
A few years ago, being at Dover, I learned
from the pilots that the S.W., which used to be
the prevalent wind, was no longer so, — easterly
winds now predominating ; as might be seen by a
reference to the book kept in the harbour-master's
office.
I never made the reference, therefore cannot
vouch for the truth of the assertion. Perhaps
your correspondent may have an opportunity of
so doing. A. C. M.
Exeter.
Burning of Boohs (2nd S. ii. 19.) — At the time
of the late Duke of York's connexion with Mrs.
Mary Anne Clarke, in the years 1808-9, I re-
member, an amusing caricature by Rowlandson,
called " The Burning of the Books." It repre-
sented Mrs. Clarke ordering piles of books to be
burnt, which were brought on the shoulders of
several men, and flung into a large fire. The
books were lettered Memoirs of Mrs. C., of Col.
Wardle, the D. of York, &c.. and Mrs. Clarke was
represented saying ; " Burn away ! I would burn
the universe for the money. Not a single vestige
in print or manuscript shall be preserved, except
copies for Dr. O'Meara, and a few private friends."
F.C.H.
Port Jackson (2nd S. ii. 50.) — I think there can
be no doubt that Port Jackson was so named
after Sir George Jackson, then second secretary
of the Admiralty. The claim of the " man at the
mast head" is negatived by the statement that
produces it ; for how could the " man, at the mast
head" have had any share in discovering a
NOTES AND QUERIES.
S. N° 30., JULS: 26. '56.
harbour, so wholly invisible from seaward that
when the captain, taking to his boat, found out an
entrance, he was filfed with "astonishment more
easily conceived than described." C.
Jewish Persuasion (2nd S. i. 492.) — CENT^JUION
proposes what seems to me a very odd question.
Persuasion is a very common synonyme for reli-
gious belief. It means (not that a man has been
persuaded by any one to adopt a creed, but) that
he is what he is by conviction. An instance of the
use of the term occurs in Goldsmith's History of
England, where one motive which induced Percy
to write his mysterious letter to Lord Monteagle
is said to be because the latter " was of the same
persuasion as himself." C. H. S. (Clk.)
Rev. R. Montgomery (2nd S. i. 293. 321. 400.
521.) — G. professes to write "for the sake of
accuracy," and endorses D.'s communication as
" correct." Now D. said that the evidence of a
baptismal register had never been adduced. JAMES
DARLING, however, showed that this had been ad-
duced. And yet says G., D.'s communication is
" correct ! " What would convince G. ? A bap-
tismal register is evidence in a court of law; and
therefore G. must prove that Mr. Montgomery
sent a forged certificate to the Quarterly, or else
must submit to be deemed inaccurate. A Bath
Directory is of no weight against a baptismal
register. (3. 7. 5.
Meaning qf"haync" (2nd S. ii. 49.)— J. E. should
have stated which his "neighbourhood" is. It is
not a frequent termination in any district that I
remember. It may possibly be the plural of hay,
a hedge. C.
Parochial Libraries (2nd S. i. 459.) — There
was one attached to the parish church of Wester-
ham, Kent :
"One Charles West gave the parish by will in 1765,
together with TOO/, stock for the use of the poor, a library
of books consisting of several hundred volumes, many of
them curious and rare. The catalogue of these books is
carefully preserved in the parish chest, but the books
themselves are nowhere to be found." — George's Wester-
ham Journal, April 1, 1844.
Westerham church has unfortunately often fallen
into bad hands : its library has gone, many of its
brasses have been removed, in some instances by
those who should have protected them. A writer
in the Gent's Mag., 1807, complains of seeing
one acting as fender to the clerk's fire-place!
There are several excellent specimens still exist-
ing, one of which has been recently engraved by
Mr. Dunkin in his History of Kent; but if not re-
moved to some other part of the church, or affixed
to the wall near, it will (being just within the
porch) be worn to a level with the paving. But
all has been " low and slow:" a fine roof lath and
plastered over, pews like sheep pens, windows cut
about, and everything done to deface and to spoil
what otherwise would have been an imposing,
though not handsome, structure.
I believe, however, that a different spirit in
some measure has been awakened, and that there
are those now who would prevent any further
devastation. H. G. D.
Validity of English Orders &"* S.'i. 476.) —
No one doubts that the practice in the church of
Rome is, and long has been, to deny the validity
of English orders ; but it is a curious point of
history that this practice was by no means uniform
at the time of the Reformation. Thus Latimer
was taken for no true bishop, and not degraded
from the episcopal order, while several others
who had been consecrated exactly as Latimer was,
but conformed under Queen Mary, were at once
acknowledged bishops, without re-consecration.
/3. 7. 5.
Religious Play before Henri/ VIII. at Green-
wich in 1527 (2nd S. ii. 24.) — C. M. has failed to
remark the errors made by Mr. Froude in his mo-
dernised version of the old account respecting
this play. They are of more importance than the
question whether Mr. Froude copied from Mr.
Collier, or not; whilst they pretty clearly show
that he did not copy from the Annals of the Stage,
as docs the circumstance of Mr. Froude quoting
from the Rolls House, where the MS. is now de-
posited, instead of the Chapter House, where it was
when Mr. Collier wrote. Mr. Froude has omitted
two of the dramatis persons, the Poet, and one of
the ladies of Bohemia, named Corruption of Scrip-
ture ; the three orthodox characters, Religio,
Ecclesia, and Veritas, he has converted into
widows instead of novices, and their veils into
" suits" of lawn and cypress. Neither Mr. Froude
nor. Mr. Collier explain how Luther was "lyke a
party freer;" but I imagine the term applies to.
his costume : he was " in russet damaske and blahe
taffata," — a sort of party or mongrel friar, some-
thing like a wet Quaker. Neither is it explained
how it was that the children of Paul's required so
many as six boats for their conveyance to court :
but I have little doubt that the six boats were, as
six cabs might be now, employed at six different
times, either at six several visits to the court (for
the rehearsals as well as the performance), or for
three visits, one boat on each occasion being hired
for going to Greenwich, and the other for re-
turning. J- G- NICHOLS.
Numerous Families (2nd S. ii. 39.) — In the
church of St. Nicolas, at Ghent, there is a tablet
to the memory of Oliver Minjau and Amalberga
Slangen, his wife, who were the parents of thirty-
one children, twenty-one boys and ten girls. Old
Oliver appeared at the head of his twenty-one
sons, all in uniform, when Charles V. made his
NO 30., JULY 26. T>6.]
NOTES AND QUERIES,
79
entry into Ghent as Count of Flanders. Charles
was so pleased at the fact of a simple artisan
bringing up and educating such a family, that he
conferred on Oliver a modest pension. The re-
nowned Count of Abensberg, when the Emperor
Henry IT. visited his German provinces, presented
his thirty-two children as the most acceptable
offering he could make to his sovereign. The
Count was happier with them than poor Minjau
and his wife Amalberga with theirs. The thirty-
one children of this Ghent couple were carried off
together, in 1526, by the suette, which we have no
difficulty (as it is called the newly imported En-
glish disease) in recognising as the black sweat of
England. Minjau and his wife died within a few
weeks after the loss of all their children, among
whom they lie interred. Their monument is the
most affecting of the many memorials of the dead
raised in populous Ghent. J. DORAN.
Irish Round Towers (2nd S. ii. 44.)— In reply
to J. M. G., I beg leave to express my dissent
from his statement, that the origin of these towers
is a profound mystery. I have myself visited and
examined a majority of them ; and have read, I
believe, all that has been published about them,
and have not the slightest doubt that they were
belfries^ as their ancient, as well as present native,
denomination imports, clochas. I cannot but think
that it would be a sad waste of your space to re-
produce the absurd theories with which this really
very simple question has been perplexed. C.
The best theory that I have heard, as to the
origin of the round towers, was one current in the
famine years, when all kinds of useless labour
were devised for the employment of the poor. It
was simply this — there was a Board of Works in
those days. X. II.
Showing the White Feather (1st S. v. 274. 309.)
— In Andrew Borde's Bohe of the Introduction of
Knowledge, 1542, I find, under the head Navarre :
" The chiefc towne is Pampilona, and there is another
towne called Saynte Domyngo, in the whyche towne there
is a church, in the whiche is kept a white cocke and a
hene. And euery pilgrime that goeth or commyth y*
way to Saynt James in Compostel hath a whit feder to
set on his hat."
Borde then proceeds to tell a marvellous tale
about this cock and hen ; which, however, do not
appear to be connected with the pilgrim's white
feather, otherwise than in his inexplicit language.
J. P.
Birmingham.
The Ten Commandments (2nd S. i. 503.) — For
the sake of information and not controversy, will
F. C. H. be so good as to give the editions, dates,
&c., of "the [Roman-Catholic] catechisms used
by authority in this country " in which the Com-
mandments are taught at length? Dr. McCaul
in a tract published a few years ago stated that
he could find only one or two such in the world.
0. y. 8.
Jacobite Song (2nd S. ii. 43.) — There is a mis-
print in this song which is worth correcting :
" Monarchy halters " should be " Monarchy
haters"
In the "Political Poem," in p. 46., " trump"
is obviously a mistake for "triumph" C.
Kneller's Portrait of Shahsptare (2nd S. 55. 45.)
— The following note from Sir Walter Scott's
Dry den (vol. xi. p. 87.) will furnish your corre-
spondent with the information of which he is in
search : —
" The portrait was copied from one in the possession of
Mr. Betterton, and afterwards in that of the Chandos
family. Twelve engravings were executed from this
painting, which, however, the ingenious Mr. Stevens
[Steevens?], and other commentators on Shakspeare,
pronounced a forgery. The copy presented by Kneller to
Dryden is in the collection of Earl Fitzwilliam at Went-
worth House ; and may claim that veneration, from
having been the object of our author's respect and en-
thusiasm, which has been denied to its original, as a
genuine portrait of Shakspeare. It is not, however, an
admitted point that the Chandos picture is a forgery:
the contrary has been keenly maintained ; and Mr.
Malone's opinion has given weight to those who have
espoused its defence." -
J. Y.
Crooked Naves (2nd S. i. 432.) — An instance
of a crooked choir occurs in Christ Church, Dub-
lin. The building takes a very decided bend to
the north. It is remarkable that the east window
of this cathedral is placed much nearer to one side
(the south, I think,) than the other. It looks as if
intended to compensate for the bend in the choir.
C. H. S. (Clk.)
"Swung," "Wong" " Wang" (2nd S. i. 471.
522.) — At Tickhill, co. York, are lands, all or
mostly meadow, called the North Wongs, South
Wongs, Saffron Wongs, and Church Wongs.
C. J.
NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.
" Southey's Letters show his true character," is the
motto, from one who knew him well, quoted on the title-
page of the Selections from Ihe Letters of Robert Southey,
of which the third and fourth volumes, edited by his son-
in-law, the Rev. John Wood Warter, are now before us.
We think this motto might be amended, and that to get
Southey's true character, we should have all his letters,
and not a selection, from which to form our judgment.
On the appearance of the former volumes we spoke
warmly in their favour ; and if our notice of those which
are now published is more tempered, it is because we feel
that justice to Sou they hjwself, asvreU as to. nianvpthers,
80
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2««i g. No 30., JULY 2G. '56.
of whom, under the influence of supposed wrong, he writes
angrily, not to say unjustly, should have dictated many
omissions. There is no more delicate task than that of
selecting from the papers of those who have died full of
fame and honours those which may most fairly and
justly be given to the world. In his love and reverence
for the name of Robert Southey, and his belief that
Southey could do no wrong, his editor has not matle those
suppressions which we are sure Southey himself would
have insisted on. Such omissions would have added
greatly to the charm of a book which will still be read
with interest by all the admirers of the Laureate.
The new number of The Quarterly Review opens with a
well written article, on that historical and religious
mystery, Savonarola : this is followed by one on the new
volumes of Grote, which are highly praised by the writer ;
and a graphic and picturesque article on The Causes of
the Civil War, completes the list of historical papers.
The political articles treat on The Papal Government and
The Dispute with America; and the gossiping article,
always a good one in The Quarterly, is that entitled The
Police and the Thieves.
How much of'its present popularity Walton's Angler owes
to the piscatorial tendencies of our publishers is a pretty
matter for speculation. To that cause we are certainly
indebted for the beautiful editions of Bagster, John Major,
and Pickering ; and to this list we have now to add one
brought out by Bohn, of great beauty and marvellous
cheapness, iinder the editorship and supervision of Mr.
Jesse, but with large contributions from his own pen. When
we say that this edition contains upwards of two hundred
woodcuts, and six-and-twenty engravings on steel, our
readers will readily admit that this 7s. Gd. volume of
Bohn's Illustrated Library offers to eve lover of dear
ner, with proof impressions of plates of his father and
of the companion of his travels, Nicolas Revett.
BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES
WANTED TO PURCHASE.
POEMS. One copy of each of the different editions.
lowest
rice, carriage, free, to be
AND
old Izaak an opportunity of securing a handsome copy of
this quaint, delightful, and Avorld-renowned book.
Much as we prize Croker's Doswcll in one volume, a I
most useful, indeed, indispensable companion to the
writing table of all literary men, we are well pleased to
hear that a new edition of it, in four volumes, is pre-
paring for publication in Murray's Series of British
Classics. It will be a most valuable addition to this
cheap and handsome Series ; especially as the editor will
of course take advantage of all that has been lately pro-
duced upon the subject, to make it, not a mere reprint,
but a new edition.
We cannot resist calling the attention of the admirers
of the poet Cowper to the fact, that no less than forty-
four of his letters (twenty-one of which are unpublished)
are to be sold by Messrs. Puttick & Simpson in the Col-
lection of Autographs belonging to the late Mr. Lambe,
announced for sale by them next week.
Who has not heard of the celebrated ATHENIAN
STUART, perhaps better known to the last than to the
present generation ; but still revered by all true lovers of
the Fine Arts for the splendid work bearing his honoured
name — The Antiquities of Athens. The notices of his
death in 1788 inform us, that the worthy artist and
architect survived but a short time the death of his dar-
ling boy, the "very image and superscription " of himself
both in body and mind, who manifested a most astonish-
ing turn for drawing even before he was three years of
age, and would imitate with pen and pencil everything
lying on his father's table. Another son Avas living at
the time of his death, "a fine boj'," then at Mr. Barney's
boarding-school at Hammersmith. Many an octogena-
rian will be glad to learn, that this "fine bov" (now
Lieut. James Stuart, R.N.), the worthy son of a worthy
father, might have been seen a few days since at the
Architectural Library in High Holborn, where he was
presented by Mr. John Weale, in a most handsome man-
Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct to
the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and ad-
dresses are given for that purpose :
HANNAMAN'S DICTIONARY OF MERCHANDISE. Johnston. 1799.
HARWJCK'S MARINE DICTIONARY.
CLARET'S FREEMASONRY.
Wanted by Thomas Milkird, Bookseller, 70. Newgate Street.
SONG op MARY THE MOTHER OP GOD.
LOK (Henry) [or Locke] ECCLESIASTES ; OTHERWISE CALLED THE PREACHER,
&c. Dilated into English Poesie. Whereunto are annexed sundrie
Sonnets of Christian Passions, &c. 4to. Lond., K. Field. 1597. (A
good price will be paid for this.)
WADSWORTH'* SPANISH PILGRIM ; OR A DISCOVERY OF SPANISH POPERY
AND JESUITICAL STRATAGEMS, &c. 4to. Lond., 1G30.
PITTS' (Moses) ACCOUNT OF ONE ANN JKFIKRIES, NOW LIVINO IN THB
COUNTY OF CORNWALL, WHO WAS FED FOR Six MONTHS BY A SMALL
SORT OP AIRY PEOPLE CALLED FAIRIBS. 12mo. 1696.
PRYSK LOVEDEN rersux RAYMOND BARKER, TRIAL. 8vo. (About) 1807.
VANELLA. By Vane. 4 to.
PARNALL'S POEMS. 12mo. Pickering's Edition.
GOLDSMITFI'S POEMS. 12mo. Pickering's Edition. »
ULLATHORNE'S SERMONS. 8vo. 1842.
HOLLAND'S RECORDS OF THE PSALMISTS OF BRITAIN. 2 Vols. 8vo.
Wanted by John C. Ilotten, Bookseller, 101 n, Piccadilly, London.
ARCHBISHOP WHITGIFT'S WORKS. Vol. II. Published by the Parker
Society in 1852.
Wanted by Geo. W. Xapier, 11. Birchin Lane, Manchester.
ORIGINAL FAMILY SERMONS. Small 8vo. J. W. Parker. Vol. II. to
end.
JONOT'S (DUCHESS OF ABRANTES) COURT AND FAMILY OF NAPOLEON.
2 Vols. Svo. Portraits. Bentley.
MANZONI, PUOMESSI SPOSI. 2 Vols. Small 8vo. Baudry. 1831. Vol.1.
Sewed.
Wanted by Charles F. Blackburn, Bookseller, Leamington.
MRS. JAMESON'S CHARACTERISTICS OF WOMEN.
ANY ESSAYS OR CRITIQUES UPON SHAKSPEARF.'S HAMLET.
DUPORT'S ESSAIS LITTERAIRES SUR SHAKSPEARF. 2 Vols. Svo. Paris,
1828, or later.
Wanted by Z. A. If., Post Office, Dartmouth Row, Blackheath.
ta
J. II. P. will find much illustration of " God tempers the wind," <? c.,
which perhaps utct-x its popularity to Sterne's Sentimental Journey, in our
1st Series, Vol. i. and Vol. vii.
BEHM. will find A. E. B.'s article on the passage in Hamlet, " my
tables, mi/ tables — meet it is I set it down" in our 5th Vol. p. 241.
Z. A. II. There, are no English translations ofTieck.'s Alt-Englisches
Theater inid Shakeperes Vorschule ; we have therefore, omitted them
from his list of looks. They arc themselves chiefly translations from the
English.
Answers to otlier Correspondents in our next.
INDEX TO THE FIRST SERIES. As this is now published, and the. im-
pression is a limited one, such of our readers as desire copies u-oidd do
veil l/> intimate their wish to their respective booksellers ir it/tout delai/.
Our publishers, MESSRS. BELL & DALDY, will forward copies b>j post on
receipt of a 1'ost Office Order for fire Shillings.
"NOTES AND QUERIES" is published at noon on Friday, so that the
(.am/try Jlooksi'Ui'rs man receive. Copies in that night's parcels, and
deliver them to their Subscribers on the Saturday.
" NOTES AND QUERIES " is also issued in Monthly Parts, for the con-
ri-iii, in; 1,1 t/inse ir/io may either have a difficulty in procuring the un-
*l<«ni>«l •«;,/.•/?/ \ umbers, or prefer receiving it monthly. While parties
resident in the count)-;/ or abroad, who men/ be desirous of receiving the
a-:, 1:1 ii jYiim/icrs, mat/ have stamped copies forwarded direct from the
J'libhshcr. The subscription for the. stumped edition of " NOTES AND
QUERIES" (including a rcrif copious Index) is eleven shillings and four-
pence for six months, which mat/ be. paid by Post Office Order, drawn in
favour ofttie Publisher, MR. GEO'RGB BELL,' No. 186. Fleet Street.
d s. N° 31., AUG. 2. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
81
LONDON, SATURDAY, AUGUST 2, 1856.
MEANS OP READING THE LOGIC OF ARISTOTLE.
Some years ago it would have been difficult to
find the Greek text of the Organon (as the mo-
derns call it) in a separate form. Beginners, who
have not acquired the profligate habits of book
collectors, would never think of buying the five
volumes of Buhle (Strasburg, 1791, &c., 8vo.), or
the four volumes of Bekker (Berlin, 1831, &c.,
4to.), or even the large single volume of Weise
(Leipsic, 1843, 4to.), for the Organon only. In
our day the best plan would be to get the first
volume of Didot's Aristotle (Paris, 1848, large
octavo), which is sold separately, and contains the
Organon, the Rhetoric, the Poetics, and the Po-
litics. The Latin runs by the side of the Greek,
and the type is beautiful. The greatest defect is
that the Rhetoric begins on the over leaf — or verso,
as the learned say — of the end of the Organon ;
so that any one who would like to have a separate
interleaved copy of the first, must spoil the se-
cond. It is a pity that publishers do not think of
such things. But it must be owned that it is not
uncommon to find a case the rhetoric of which
would never have a beginning if its logic were
but allowed to go on to its proper end.
For those who would rather not read the Or-
ganon in Greek or Latin, but would nevertheless
like to get a taste of the Greek, whether for use
or show, there is the small work of F. A. Trende-
lenberg, Elementa Logices Aristotelica, Berlin,
1842, 8vo., 2nd edition. This work contains (Gr.
Lat. with notes) such selected passages as give an
outline of the system, and especially of its phrase-
ology. These passages, translated into English,
form the article " Organon " in the Supplement of
the Penny Cyclopedia.
I am not aware of any Latin Organon, without
Greek, which can be easily got at. But never
having met with any Latin translations of Greek
philosophy which were intelligible without the
Greek to explain them, I should probably not
venture to recommend such a thing, if I had found
it.
In French there are two works of the highest
character : both by M. Barthelemy St. Hilaire.
The first, La Logique d'Aristote, Paris, 1838, two
vols. 8vo., containing a complete account and
analysis of the Organon, with all the Greek terms
added, as they occur, in parentheses. The second,
Logique d'Aristote, a complete translation, Paris,
1844, 1839, 1842, 1843, four vols. 8vo., with the
plan of each book prefixed. This is the first
French translation.
The first English translation of the Organon
was made by Thomas Taylor, called the Platonist,
a very remarkable man, of whom the fullest ac-
count is in the Penny Cyclopaedia. He spent his
life in reviving Greek philosophy, and it is said
that, by his enthusiasm, he induced patrons who
had money to print his translations to the amount
of ten thousand pounds. The Organon was trans-
lated by Taylor for a wealthy retired tradesman,
named Meredith, who had read Plato in Taylor's
translation, and desired to read Aristotle. Taylor
undertook the task, on condition that Meredith
should print it ; but the number of copies was very
small. It was published in quarto, in 1807, with
the title, The Organon, or Logical Treatises of
Aristotle . . . with copious Elucidations from
the Commentaries of Ammonius and Simplicius. I
suppose this very volume afterwards formed part
of Taylor's complete translation of Aristotle, pub-
lished in nine volumes quarto, in 1812.
Taylor's curious Platonism, and his desire to
revive even the very mythology of the Greeks, in
some sense or other, caused him to be regarded as
a kind of madman ; and this opinion has been pre-
judicial to a fair judgment of his works. His
translations are difficult, because they are so
Greek ; but they have a merit which begins to be
acknowledged. Mr. Owen, presently mentioned,
calls him " my solitary predecessor in this labo-
rious undertaking, whose strict integrity in en-
deavouring to give the meaning of the text de-
serves the highest commendation." But the work
is so very scarce that it is needless to discuss it as
a means by which any one who chooses may know
Aristotle. I suspect that what a distinguished
living writer said of Cousin, " The reader must be
mindful to judge of Plato by M. Cousin's trans-
lations of the dialogues, and not by M. Cousin's
prefaces to them," will also apply to Taylor.
Still, the opinion of the man who lived and moved
and had his being in Greek philosophy must
always be worthy of attention.
The second, and as yet the best, English trans-
lation of the Organon is published in Bohn's
Classical Library : The Organon, or Logical Trea-
tises of Aristotle, London, 1853, two vols. small
8vo., translated bjr the Rev. O. F. Owen. This
translation has copious notes, and is a very great
boon to the student. Not that it is easy : in fact,
a translation of Aristotle, to be easy, must be,
not Aristotle, but only a presentation of the trans-
lator's idea of Aristotle. Taylor and Owen do
not read like English, nor does Barthelemy St.
Hilaire read like French ; there is a certain
Greekishness about them all. Had it been other-
wise, we should have had less of a translation, and
more of a paraphrase.
A small, portion of the Organon, the " Posterior
Analytics," has been translated by E. Poste, A.M.,
of Oriel College, under the name of the Logic of
Science,. Oxford, 1850, 8vo., with notes and an
introductory sketch of the Organon. This is
more English, and therefore more intelligible, than
82
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd s. NO 31., AUG. 2. '56.
the other translations ; but it is therefore more of
a paraphrase, and less of a translation.
Perhaps others may be able to give information
of some things of the same kind with which I am
unacquainted. A. DE MORGAN.
ILLUSTRATIONS OF MACAULAY.
The Country Party and a Standing Army. —
Mr. Macaulay, vol. ii. p. 23., represents the coun-
try party as strongly opposing the demand made
in the Speech from the Throne, Nov. 9, 1685, for
a supply to maintain a standing army.
u He tells us that Sir William Twysden, member
for the county of Kent, spoke on the same side
with great keenness and loud applause."
This Sir William was son and heir of the learned
Sir Roger, and was himself no mean scholar.
Among the papers from Roydon Hall, now in my
possession, is his autograph note of two speeches
which he made on this occasion. The first was in
the debate on 12th November, in a Committee of
the whole House to consider the Speech from the
Throne, as follows :
" The case seems to mee to bee of great weight ;
wee may call it what we will, it is the settling a
standing army by law, and charging the king-dome
with a taxe for the maintaining it, things quite
contrary to all the maximes our ancestors have
gone by, who have alwayes endeavoured the sub-
ject should stand in awe of officers of justice, but
not of officers of warr. I am as much as any man
for the king's having good guards ; I think it
agreeable to the majesty of a king, to the security
of bis person ; but I think the kingdome best
guarded by lawe. I remember in the one-and-
twentyeth of Edward the Third (Rot. Par., 21 E. 3.
n. 70.), the king asked advice of his parliament,
how the peace of his kingdome should best bee
kept ; they did not advise him to a standing army
for the keeping it ; they advised him to send com-
missioners into the several countyes to punish the
breakers of it. Wee are now in a perfaict quiet
peace ; all heads of party es and of factions taken of;
there seemes now to bee as little need of an army
as can bee at any time ; and truly, when it is not
wanted, I think the kingdome as safe without it
as it can bee by it. The truth is, armyes have so
often done more hurt to governments then good,
and do so generally, where they are, take a most
uncontrouleable authority in the managing of it,
that men are justly afraid of them. It is said the
case of the late Duke of Monmouth seemes to
shew the necessity of a standing army ; and it is
pressed, truely with great force, not onely by the
king in his speech, but by those noble lords there
at the barr. To my apprehension, the argument
will hardly beare the weight is layd on it. Wee
all know how much that man was the favourite of
a faction ; that hee landed in a part of England of
all other the most inclined to him. Yet, with all
this, no one gentleman, no one man of any quality,
joyned themselves to him ; nay, quite contrary,
did their duty in opposing him : and that rabble
that he had gathered together, though headed by
officers that himselfe brought with him, were in
plaine fighting beaten by eighteen hundred men.
Sir, if the consequence of this bee the necessity of
a standing army, it is a strange thing wee have
lived so long without one ; for most certain it is,
there have been very few raignes since the Con-
quest, in which there have not been more consider-
able disturbances than this can amount to. I will
not disturbe you long ; that therefore which I
shall humbly move is, that wee may first consider
whether a standing army bee necessary, before
wee do of a supply for the maintaining it."
" This was spoken by mee November 12,
1685, as neer as I can remember it."
The other speech was in a Committee of Supply,
16th Nov., as follows :
" It hath generally been the prudence of this
house, that in cases that are new and are of great
importance, to make their first acts temporary,
and of probation onely. This that is before us, is
perfaictly new. An establishment for the main-
taining a standing force (I do not say a standing
army, for that wee have all declared ourselves
against) is what our ancestors were never ac-
quainted with. Let us, therefore, see how the
subject will like it ; whether it will sitt easy upon
him, before wee conclude him for too long a time.
It is of mighty importance ; wee cannot foresee
the consequences of it. Let us not, therefore,
conclude ourselves neither, so as to leave no
roome for a succeeding parliament, or Sessions of
Parliament, to alter or amend what by experience
may bee found necessary. That, therefore, which
I shall humbly move is, that wee may proportion
our gift, so as that the establishment may not
exceed two yeers, which foure hundred thousand
pounds will fully do."
" This was spoken by mee November 16,
1685, as near as I can recollect it."
The substance of the first of these speeches is
given correctly (though condensed into eight
lines) in The several Debates of the House of
Commons, pro et contra, relating to the Establish-
ment of a Militia, fyc., 8fc.; begining 9th No-
vember, 1685, and ending the 20th day of the same
Month, Sec. fyc. Sfc. London. 8vo. 1689.
In the debate in the Committee of Supply, Nov.
16, Sir William's speech is in that work totally
misrepresented. L. B. L.
. NO 31., AUG. 2. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
83
M. DE CALONNE, " HIS ANGLO-FRENCH VIEWS, AND
EULOGIUM ON THE ENGLISH NATION."
The following article, which occurs in the
' Political Magazine, reports an interesting extract
from M. de Calonne's reply to M. Necker, the
French Minister of Finance. As the prayer of
1 an eminent statesman of the last century, it will
not perhaps be denied a little space in the columns
of "ST. &Q.":
" An Address to the English and French Nations.
u M. de Calonne, after saying that he wishes to be able
to preserve in future an eternal silence, and that he shall
wait tranquilly, and with resignation, the events which
fortune has in store for him, being desirous to devote his
| attention to science, to letters, and the arts ; and after
declaring that he shall never cease to remember the con-
fidence reposed in him by his king, or lose the regrets
which naturally belong to his native country, concludes
i as follows : —
" Shall it be a crime, in the mean time, to enjoy the
consolation I feel in the reception of a nation, which
every day makes me experience its kindness, and more
acquainted with its virtues; of a free and considerate
nation, where their thoughts rise above conditions,
where disgrace is no stain, and where honourable senti-
j ments have more credit than an appearance of being in
favour. I am seen with indulgence, anticipated with
affability, and even treated with more distinction than I
desire. I find well-informed men of every description ;
i I may make useful observations on the arts, on industry,
and on commerce, which I can communicate again
without violating the laws of hospitality: I can even
I hope for true friends. Let this eulogium, frank as the
country is in which I write, occasion neither surprise nor
offence. Having never dissimulated, shall I now stifle a
i truth connected with gratitude ? This sentiment exists,
! and always will exist, without displacing from my bosom
those which my birth, my duty, and the indelible love of
1 my country, have engraved there. Why should not
these feelings sympathise? Oh! that their accord may
become more natural by the most desirable of unions : by
the accomplishment of that wish, which, according to
some historians, was formed by the most beloved monarch ;
that wish, which humanity dictates, and which an intel-
ligent policy seems equally to suggest to two nations, the
most worthy of each other's regard, and the least in-
terested to injure each other. Must a fatal rivalship
always disunite, and too often arm against each other,
two people, whose natural position offers no subject of
dispute ; and who, owing to their reciprocal advantages,
have nothing for which to envy each other ? As their
division is the support of the hostilities of others, their
alliance would be the seal of universal peace. They alone
are in a condition to furnish the expences of a long war ;
and when discord springs up, by the quarrels of the other
princes, they alone, if they are dupes enough to take
part, sacrifice commerce, treasure, and prosperity. O
nations, without contradiction the most enlightened of
all upon the globe, be better acquainted with your true
interests ! As enemies, you can only mutually exhaust
your strength, and vainly drench the earth with your
blood ; as friends, you can impose on the earth the mild con-
dition of general tranquillity. When can there be a more
favourable conjuncture for forming the hope of seeing
you partaking in, or rather exercising together, this truly
divine function, than when each has the happiness to be
governed by a moderate, pacific, and virtuous king? "
F. PHLLLOTT.
FOLK LORE.
Stag Beetle. — The late Mr. George Samouelle,
of the British Museum, used to relate a story con-
cerning the above insect, of which I should like
to know if it obtains in many parts of England.
During one of his excursions to or in the New
Forest, he saw a number of countrymen assembled
at the foot of a tree stoning something to death.
On approaching he found a poor stag-beetle the
subject of attack. Causing them to desist, he
picked up the poor thing> and put it into a box,
asking at the same time why it was to be stoned
to death. He was told it was the devil's imp,
and was sent to do some evil to the corn, which
I have forgotten. Whether Mr. S. was considered
the identical gentleman-in-black or not it is im-
possible to say ; but I know he used to laugh at
the stupid staring wonder of the countrymen, and
the trouble he had to elicit a reply to his own
ignorance. AVON LEA.
Railway Custom. — While passing from Ghent
to Antwerp, in 1855, through the Pays de Waes, I
observed a singular custom, of which I could not
obtain any explanation. When the railway train
was in motion, the labourers, both men and wo-
men, engaged in the fields, joined hands, formed
themselves in line ; and either turning their backs
on the carriages, or at right angles with them,
bent, and in some cases knelt down, preserving
this attitude until the. train had passed. It is
worth noting, that only such as were engaged on
a piece of ground where there were crops growing
acted in this way ; those standing ondie road, or
on ploughed land, taking no notice ofphe train at
all, nor indeed did any do so save while it was
actually moving. I have never seen or heard of
this custom elsewhere. R. F. L.
Dublin.
Fairies. — While on the subject of folk-lore I
may mention the following from the same county
(Hertfordshire). Near St. Alban's (my grand-
father used to relate) lived a farmer who was
beloved by fairies. It mattered not how bad his
crop of wheat was in the autumn, he always had
corn in his barn as long as there was any in the
district. Of this his neighbours were jealous; in-
deed, so much so, that some of them inwardly
believed he augmented his corn while they were
asleep ; but though they often set a watch he was
never caught in the act. One night his dogs were
uneasy, and he, arising, saw a man creeping away
from the homestead. He peeped into his barn to
see if all were safe, when what should he behold
but the fairies at work augmenting his stores.
There was a loud buzz in the place, and hearing a
little fairy say to another, " How I do tweat ! "
he answered " Ye must sweat most darnably with
one ear." Immediately the whole company took
84
NOTES AND QUERIES.
O* S. NO 31., AUG. 2. '56.
flight, and the result was there was a line of straws
from the farmer's barn to one of his neighbour's,
which remained till the morning, when the neigh-
bour brought an accusation against the farmer for
theft. The evidence of the man who was lurking
about the homestead on his o^vn account was
brought against him ; the line of straws was cir-
cumstantial evidence, as well as the suspicion of
the neighbourhood ; but as the neighbour had had
a man watching in his own barn, who had not
seen the farmer enter, -he was acquitted. The
watchman of the neighbour had been sent to sleep
by the fairies, but this part of the evidence had
been withheld. However, from that day forth
the young farmer was thought not too honest, and
the neighbours' suspicions were confirmed by his
barn ever after becoming empty at its proper
period. AVON LEA.
BULL OF ADRIAN THE FOURTH.
Question as to the authenticity of the Bull of
Adrian IV. (Pope), conferring the dominion of
Ireland on Henry II. of England, from the Pro-
pugnaculum Catholicce Veritatis, by Anthony Bru-
odin, Prague, 1669, whose family were, the author
states, hereditary chronologers of the O'Briens of
Thomond. F.
" Authores varii dicunt, quod Adrianus 4 natione An-
glus, qui sedem Petri conscenderat Anno circa 1154 domi-
nium liegni Hibernia?, sedi Apostolicae a Rege Donate
6 Brien quondam oblatuni, cesserat Henrico 2do Angloruin
Kegi.
" Hos sequitur Baronius Tom. 12. Annalium, ubi di-
ploma recitatHlujus concessionis.
" Ego (ut, quod sentio dicam) non parum de veritate
hujus Hiatoria? dubito; nam, vivente Adriano Papa
(qui obiit Anno salutis 1159 nee latum pedem in Hibernia
habuit Henricus 2dus, aut alius ullus extraneus, pra?ter
Ostmannos : unde manifesto convicitur errore Sanderus in
Schismatc Anglicano, fol. 196., qui dicit, quod postquam
Henricus 2dus nonnulla Insulo? loca sui, ac suorum (verba
sunt Sanderi) hoc est Roberti Fitz Stephani et Richardi
Comitis arrnis acquisita? tenebat, Clerus Hibernicus, simul
cum multis Proeeribus suppliciter rogarunt, Adrianuni 4
sumiuum Pontiiicem, ut ad tollendas sediLiones, Contro-
versias, et nuiltas alias inconvenientias, totius Hibernian
dominium Henrico 2 concedere vellet, &c. &c.
" Quis oro non videt, quam crasse Sanderus in hac nar-
ratioue erret. Adrianus Papa conscendit Petri Cathedram
Anno 1154, sed itque annis tantum 4 et mensibus 8 et
consequenter obiit Anno 1159 Kobertus autem Fitz Ste-
phan, cum Geraldino in Hiberniam primo venit in succur-
sum Dermitii Logenia? Principis circa Anno salutis 1172,
viginti nimirum duobus annis postquam Adrianus fuit
mortuus, quomodo ergo posset esse verum, quod ' Clerus,
et populus supplicarunt Adriano Pontifici, ut Regi Hen-
rico, postquam jam nonnulla loca in Insula occupavit,
dominium liegi concedere vellet?' Adde motiva conces-
sionis Dominii Hibernia;, in diplomats Adriani (si ipsius
esset) posita, nimirum luce: ut'lapsam fidem Catholicam
rcstauraret, virtutes plantaret, &c. esse falsa, et conse-
quenter ipsum diploma esse subrepticium et falsum : nam
fides Catholica in Hibernia floruit, vivente Adriano, tarn
bene ac in Anglia, vel Italia, ut patet ex uberrima ilia
sanctorum in Hibernia per tot continua sa?cula serie, ac
caanobiorurn, etiam illo ipso tempore quo Angli Regionem
subjugarunt, fundationibus : quomodo ergo per Anglos
fides esset restauranda ?
" Eodern argumento exploditur Sto, qui inter alia fig-
ment*, in sua Chronica dicit quod Adrianus Papa, Henrico
2do anno primo sui Regni, hoc est Anno 1155, dominium
Regni Hiberniae donavit. Exploditur inquam, nam Papa
Adrianus fatiscessit antequam Henricus fuisset Rex,ut ex
utriusque vita? Historia colligitur: ergo non est verum
quod Henrico 2do dominium Hiberniae cesserat. Ueinde
nullum jus habuit unquam Papa in Hiberniam quod non
habuit in Angliam, vel Franciam ; quomodo ergo potuis-
set transferre dominium rei non sua? in alium ? si dicas
quod a Rege Donato 6 Brien, jus simul cum Regni corona,
Roraanus acceperat Pontifex, nihil dicis pro te: nam non
habuit Donatus jus transferendi dominium Regni in Pa~
pam : et hoc hide patet quod post Donatum regnarunt
pacifice in Hibernia 4 Reges : sub quibus duo nobilissima
celebrata sunt Concilia Nationalia, et tamen illis regnan-
tibus, nunquam fuit auditum, quod Papa Romanus esset
Rex, aut Dominus Hibernia : quo dubio procul ipsius le-
gati et maxime Cardinalis Joannes Papironius, non sileret,
si de tali Domino aliquid scivisset.
"Concludo igitur primo Papam Adrianum nunquam
fuisse Dominum Hibernia;, magis quam Anglia?, et con-
sequenter nunquam cessisse dominium Hiberniae Regi
Anglia?. Secundo Henricum 2um non fuisse Regem An-
glia?, aut saltern non fuisse possessionatum in Hibernia,
vivente Papa Adriano in Papatu ; et consequenter Hen-
ricum Regem nullum accepisse ab Adriano jus in Hiber-
niam. Tertio, Henricum devictis armis Hibernis, Anno
1172 Petri sedem regnante Alexandro 3 extorto consensu
omnium Regni Procerum obtinuisse dominium Hibernia?,
et sic, successu temporis, Reges Angliae in legitimos eva-
sisse Hibernia? Dominos: sicut defacto legitimi sunt Reges
(utinam et Catholici) ac Domini Hibernia?. Successores
etiam tot nobilium Familiarum, qua? illo regnante in Hi-
berniam venerunt veri sunt Hiberni et legitimi possessores
bonss fidei dominiorum qua? possident defacto (utinam
paterna possiderent omnia bona) quamvis antecessores
illorum tune nou justo magis titulo invaserunt Regnum
alienum, quam Milesiani quondam illud rapuerunt Dea-
dedinis."
Cap. 47. lib. 5.
PRETENDED DAUPHINS.
In « N. & Q.," 1st S. vi. 318., is inaccurate in-
formation relative to the man Naundorff, who
styled himself Duke of Normandy, and the dau-
phin son of Louis XVI. I knew him intimately
during several years, and studied thoroughly the
question of his pretensions. A full account of his
life and death is contained in a work entitled /w-
trigues Devoilees, par M. Gruau de la Barre,
three vols., Rotterdam, 1847-8. I have a copy
quite at the service of MR. W. H. HART, of
Hatcham, or any other of your correspondents.
Opposite facts will be found in M. de Beau-
chesne's Memoirs of the Dauphin Son of Louis
X VI., published in Paris three or four years ago,
and of which a translation lately appeared in
London. The soi-disant Baron de Eichemont
was a different pretender from Naundorff, with
whom you confound him in the reply to MR.
HART ; as is also the monomaniac Meeves, re-
2nd S. N° 31., AUG. 2. '56.1
NOTES AND QUERIES.
85
ferred to in "1ST. & Q.," 1st S. iv. 195., who is stil
living.
The most noted pretender to be the dauphin
was one Hervagault, who died in prison under th
Consulate. Another, Mathurin Bruneau, appeared
shortly after the restoration of the Bourbons ir
1815. I have no doubt all were impostors, who
by making out specious cases obtained more or
less credence, and duped many honourable anc
well-meaning persons. Perkin Warbeck, the
false Don Sebastians of Portugal, Martin Guerre
and others, have had equal celebrity and success
at various times in history. A BOOKWORM
Handel out of tune ! Concordia discors. —
" This celebrated composer, though of a very robust
and uncouth appearance, yet had such a remarkable irri-
tability of nerves, that he could not bear to hear the
tuning of instruments, and therefore this was always done
before Handel arrived. A musical wag, who knew how
to extract some mirth from his irascibility of temper, stole
into the orchestra on a night when the late Prince of
Wales * was to be present at the performance of a new
oratorio, and untuned all the instruments, some half a
note, others a whole note lower than the organ. As soon
as the prince arrived, Handel gave the signal of begin-
ning Con Spirito; but such was the horrible discord, that
the enraged musician started up from his seat, and having
overturned a double-bass which stood in his way, he seized
a kettle-drum, which he threw with such violence at the
head of the leader of the band, that he lost his full-
bottomed wig by the effort. Without waiting to replace
it, he advanced fearheaded to the front of the orchestra,
breathing vengeance, but so much choaked with passion,
that utterance was denied him. In this ridiculous ak-
titude he stood staring and stamping for some moments
amidst a convulsion of laughter; nor could he be pre-
vailed upon to resume his seat, till the prince went per-
sonally to appease his wrath, which he with great difficulty
accomplished." — Political Magazine, 1786.
The first royal personage who ever succeeded
in composing Handel. F. PHILLOTT.
The Journal des Debats, M. Villemain, and M.
Querard.— In the number of the Journal des
Debats for July 11, there is a review, by the cele-
brated Villemain, of Prince Albert de Broglie's
new publication L'Eglise et V Empire Romain au
4eme Siecle. In mentioning some English authors
who have written on the truth of Christianity, M.
Villemain has fallen into an error in ascribing to
Lord Erskine a small volume on the Christian
Evidences by Mr. Thomas Erskine, an advocate
at Edinburgh. M. Villemain may have been led
into this mistake by the bibliographer Querard,
who in his otherwise valuable work, which is a
source of such frequent reference — La France
LtUeraire — kw classed all the French transla-
* Frederic, father of George III.
tions of Mr. Thomas Erskine's works under the
name of Lord Erskine. As M. Querard is con-
stantly anxious to profit by every hint for the
improvement of his most useful work, he probably
will not fail to free it from this blunder in any
subsequent edition. JOHN MACRAY.
Oxford.
Viners " Abridgment" — The following extract
will probably both interest and amuse your
readers of the legal profession : it is from —
i " Bibliotheca Legum : or a new and compleat List of
all the Common and Statute Law Books of this Realm,
and some others relating thereunto, from their first Pub-
lication to the Year 1746 ; giving an Account of their
several Editions, Dates, and Prices, and wherein they
differ. The Sixth Edition with Improvements, Com-
pil'd by John Worrall. Sm. 8vo. London, 1746.
" Viner's (Cha.) General Abridgment of Law and
Equity, beginning were Mr. D'Anver's Abridgment Ends,
viz. with letter F., title Factor, and goes to the End of
the Alphabet. 10 Vols. fo.
" As an Apology why I have not fix'd the Price, I beg
leave to acquaint the Reader that Mr. Viner prints his
Abridgment at his own Expence, at his dwelling House
at Aldershott, near Farnham in Hampshire, and sells
them at his Chambers in the King's Bench Walks, allow-
ing those Booksellers who sell his Books the Advantage
of bringing Customers to their Shop for their profit ; and
if a Bookseller is not pleased with this, he is thought an
Enemy to the Work, and may disoblige either his Cus-
tomer or Mr. Viner."
JAMES KNOWLES.
Now and Then. — The following is a cutting
from a late number of the Birmingham Journal.
It (hapjply) reads in striking contrast to the re-
cent accounts of the execution of a poisoner :
" Execution of a Poisoner in 1765. — Ivelchester, May 9,
1765. — Yesterday, Mary Norwood, for poisoning her
husband, Joseph Norwood, of Uxbridge, in this county
(Somersetshire), was burnt here pursuant to her sentence.
She was brought out of the prison about three o'clock in
the afternoon, barefoot. She was covered with a tarred
:loth, made like a shift, a tarred bonnet on her head, and
her legs, feet, and arms had also tar on them. The heat
of the weather melting the tar on her bonnet it ran over
aer face, so that she made a most shocking appearance.
She was put on a hurdle, and drawn on a sledge to the
place of execution, which was very near the gallows.
After spending some time in prayer and singing a hymn,
;he executioner placed her on a tar barrel, about three
*eet high. A rope, which ran in a pulley through the
stake, was fixed about her neck, she herself placing it
iroperly with her hands. The rope being drawn ex-
;remely tight with the pulley, the tar barrel was pushed
away, and three irons were fastened round her body to
confine it to the stake, that it might not drop when the
rope should be burnt. As soon as this was done the fire
was kindled, but in all probability she was quite dead
Before the fire reached her, as the executioner pulled the
)ody several times whilst the irons were being fixed,
.vhich took about five minutes. There being a great
[uantity of tar, and the wood on the pile being quite dry,
he fire burnt with amazing fury ; notwithstanding which
great part of her could be plainly discerned for near half
in hour. Nothing could be more affecting than to be-
xold, after her bowels fell out, the fire flaming between
her ribs, and issuing out at her mouth, ears, eyeholes, &c.
NOTES AND QUEEIES.
[2nd s. KO 31., AUG. 2. '56.
In short, it was so terrible a sight that great numbers
turned their backs and screamed put, not being able to
look at the horrible seen* — Birmingham Register, 1765."
— G.
CUTHBERT BEDE, B.A.
" Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography,"
edited by William Smith, LL.D. — As this work
will be the standard book of reference for ancient
geography, and it is to be expected that among
such a mass of information a few errors will
creep in, it is right for them to be corrected
when discovered. In the third section of the
article "Megara" (vol. ii. p. 313. col. 2.), where
the topography of the city and its port town is
described, the writer says (quoting fromPausanias,
Attica, 1. 41. sect. 4.), that there were temples of
*' Isis, Apollo Agraeus, and Artemis Agrotera ; "
clearly showing, both from the punctuation and
construction of the sentence, that there were
separate temples of Apollo Agraeus and Artemis
Agrotera. Now, if your readers will turn to the
passage in Pausanias, they will find that the ori-
ginal Greek is —
Ou Troppw Se roO "YXAov /^.vijjaaTOS *I<rtSos vabs Kal nap avrov
eari Kal '
" And not far from the monument of Hyllus is a temple
of Isis, and beyond it one of Apollo and Artemis."
But the passage that more distinctly affirms that
there was but one temple, occurs at the end of the
section :
"Aia TauTa 'A.X.KaQovv TOV IleAoTros eTri^eipijcraJTa rip (hjptqi
icpar^crat re, Kal ios e0a.criA.ev ere, TO Jepbv Troojo-ai TOUTO, 'Aypo-
Tepav "Apre/aty Kal 'ATroAAwfa 'Aypaioi/ eTroyo/Aaaai/Ta."
" For this reason Alcathus the son of Pelopsiifcttacked
the wild beast and overcame it, and after he became king
founded this temple, dedicating it to Artemis Agrotera
and Apollo Agraeus."
From this passage there can be no doubt that
there was but one temple. TAU.
Receipt for Making one of the Fair Sex. — The
following is taken from a MS. of the time of
Charles I. :
" Ingredients of a Woman. — Joyn to a slender shape
a syren's head, the two eyes of a basilisk, the dazzling of
the sun, and the moon's inconstancy ; add to this odd
compound a smooth skin and a fair complexion, and you
will make a perfect woman."
Z. z.
Origin of the Epithet " Turncoat" —
" This opprobrious term of turncoat took its rise from
one of the first dukes of Savoy, whose dominions lying
open to the incursions of the two contending houses of
Spain and France, he was obliged to temporize and fall
in with that power that was most likely to distress him,
according to the success of their arms against one another.
So being frequently obliged to change sides, he humor-
ously got a coat made that was blue on one side, and
white on the other, and might be indifferently worn
either side out. While on the Spanish interest he wore
the blue side out, and the white side was the badge for the
French. From hence he was called Emmanuel surnamed
the Turncoat, by way of distinguishing him from other
princes of the same name of that house." — Scots Maga-
zine for Oct. 1747, p. 477—8.
G. N.
LITTLE BURGUNDY.
We have in London, Little Britain, Petty
France, and Petty Wales, to which I can now add
Little Burgundy.
It was situate on the south side of St. Olave's,
now Tooley Street, opposite to the Bridge House,
now Cotton's Wharf, and between Glean Alley
and Joiner Street (on the old maps). The site is
now occupied by the London Bridge Railway
Station.
In the Accounts of the Churchwardens of the
parish of St. Olave, Southwark, A.D. 1582, there
is " a list, conteyning the names of those godley
disposed parishyoners, that of their owne free
will, were contrybutors to the erecting of the
New Chureyarde upon Horseydowne " (now called
"The Old Churchyard"). The names are ar-
ranged according to the residences of the sub-
scribers, and among the then names of places in
the parish, I find " The Borgyney," in the locality
I have mentioned.
I guessed that the Borgyney meant the Bur-
gundy, and I have recently confirmed that con-
jecture by the particulars for a grant by King
Henry VIII. to Robert Curson, in the thirty-
sixth year of his reign, of divers tenements (late
belonging to the Priory of St. Mary Overey)
situate in —
" Petty Burgen, in the Parish of Saint Olave, in the
Borough of Southwark, viz. Two Tenements in tenure of
Lambert Deane, for a term of years, at the rent of Ixvj8
viijd ; a tenement in the tenure of William Throw, at will
of the lord, rent xxvj8 viijd; a tenement in tenure of
Thomas Boland, at will of the lord, rent xxvj8 viijd ; a
tenement in tenure of Dominick Hermon, at will of the
lord, rent xxiij8 iiijd; a tenement in tenure of Robert
Bull, at will of the lord, rent vj9 viijd; and seven cot-
tages in tenure of John Harward, at will of the lord, rent
xxx8 viijd. The premises were very ruynous and sore in
decay, and were sold to Robert Curson for 100 marks."
I shall be very glad of information respecting
this place and its name of Petty Burgundy, which
must be attributed to an earlier period than that
of King Henry VIII., probably to the reign of
King Edward IV., when the Burgundian envoys
may have had their residence in this place.
In 1435 the Duke of Burgundy's heralds had
been treated with great indignity in London, and
lodged at a shoemaker's. Query where ?
G. R. C.
HAD QUEEN ANNE AN IRISH FOSTER-FATHER ?
In a voluminous manuscript pedigree of the
Blennerhassetts of the county of Kerry in Ireland,
2nd S. NO 31., AUG. 2. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
87
compiled by a member of the family between
1720 and 1735, I find mention of " Edmond Fitz-
David Barry, of Rahaniskey in the ; county of
Corke, foster-father of the late Queen Anne."
The person referred to represented a once power-
ful branch of the Barry family in the county of
Cork, possessed of several strong castles, viz. Ro-
bertstown, Rahaniskey, Ballymore in the Great
Island, Ballydolohery,"&c., all of which, with the
fertile lands attached, were forfeited^ to the crown
in consequence of his adherence to King James II.,
and were sold by auction to various purchasers at
Chichester House in the year 1703 ; reserving a
jointure to " Susannah," wife of the forfeiting
person, in case she survived him, of 1501. per an-
num. His eldest brother was also an adherent
of the Stuart family, being described in King
Charles IL's letter as " Lieutenant Richard Barry
of Robertstown, who served in the regiment of our
Deare Brother the Duke of York in Flanders,
where he acquitted himself with much reputation
to himself and country, with constant loyalty and
faithfulness to us." Edmond, the person referred
to in the Blennerhassett manuscript, was the third
brother, but succeeded to his family estates on the
death of his elder brothers Richard and David
without issue; he had a younger brother John.
Although the public records contain much matter
relating to the history of this family for many
f2nerations, I have not been able to ascertain who
usannah, the supposed foster-mother of the
queen, was, whether English, Irish, or a foreigner.
The foregoing shows the connection with the
Stuarts, and although the allegations of the queen's
fosterage is only supported by Mr. Blennerhas-
sett's statement, which he makes apparently as
being within his own personal knowledge (which
it might well be, as he was an old man at the
time he compiled the pedigree), yet it deserves
some credence from the known respectability of
the writer. Perhaps the question with which I
have headed this paper may be an inducement to
some of your numerous readers to search for the
truth of a circumstance of historical interest never
alluded to, as far as I can ascertain, by any writer
of history. C. M. B.
Dublin.
Winter Assizes. — Can any of your correspon-
dents oblige me by giving the date of a third or
winter assize being first appointed in England,
and whether there is an instance of the same
having been held on the Western Circuit? Mr.
James is a clever novelist, and his plots are ably
conceived ; but I consider him apt to commit mis-
takes in carrying out details. In his novel of
Delaware, for instance, be fixes a trial to take
place at Christmas in " the small neat country
(query county ?) town of" — Dorchester ; for such
is evidently the place intended, being described
as near the western coast of England, and the
period is early in the present century, being prior
to the death of the Bow Street officer, Ruthven,
who is made an agent in the story, and who came,
as we all know, to an unfortunate end in the
Cato Street Conspiracy. N". L. T.
Shakspeare at Paddington. — There is a tradi-
tion mentioned in Ollier's romance of Ferrers,
and by Mr. Robins in his Paddington, Past and
Present, p. 182., that our great poet visited or
played at the old Red Lion Inn, in the Edgeware
Road, near the Harrow Road, taken down a few
years since for the present one to be erected.
What is the real tradition, and its history, &c. ?
And is there any print of the old inn in existence ?
H. G. D.
" Alfred, or the Magic of Nature" — Can any
of your readers inform me who is the author of
Alfred, or the Magic of Nature, a tragedy, pub-
lished at Edinburgh in 1820 ? R. J.
David Lindsay. — Can you give me any in-
formation regarding David Lindsay, who was
author of Dramas of the Ancient World, published
at Edinburgh about 1822 ? I think one or two of
the dramas had previously appeared in Black-
wood's Magazine. R. J.
Lightning Conductors to Ships. — When were
conductors first attached to the masts of vessels
to prevent them from being struck by lightning ?
L. C.
Figure of the Horse in Hieroglyphics. — What
is the meaning of the figure of the horse in the
Egyptian hieroglyphics ? Amongst the number
of such hieroglyphics which cover, both internally
and externally, the sarcophagus of the queen of
Amasis II. in the British Museum, it occurs only
once; or perhaps I should say:, on examination
I could only find it once, either thereon or else-
where engraven. At all events, its rarity causes
it to be the subject of this inquiry.
R. W. HACKWOOD.
Poem about a Mummy. — Can any correspon-
dent direct me where to look for some droll lines
which I remember to have read, in which a
mummy just unrolled gives the conceited nine-
teenth century an account "how much better
they did things " in his day ? A. A. D.
A Noble Cook. —
« Tis said, that by the death of a Scots nobleman, who
died lately a Roman Catholick priest, the title descends
to a man cook that lived with a general officer in Eng-
land, who, in regard to his cook's present dignity, could
not think of employing him any longer in that station,
but very generously raised a subscription for his support; \
88
NOTES AND QUERIES.
31., AUG. 2. '56,
and that on the affair being represented to his majesty,
he had ordered him a pension of 200*. per annum."-—
Annual Register for 1761/p. 63.
Who is the " Scots nobleman" above referred
to ? C. J. DOUGLAS.
Olovensis, Bishoprick of . — In the list of suf-
fra^an bishops contributed by ME. MACKENZIE
WALCOTT (" N. & Q.," 2nd &. ii. 1—3.) occurs
below the date 1491, —
" Richard, educated at Oxford, Dominican of Warwick,
died in 1502, buried in Blackfriars, Worcester. Bishop of
[Olevensis?] in Mauritania (Worcester)."
I have reason to believe this bishop's surname
was Wycherley. I once found in a patent ^ of
Henry VIII., which cited an inquisition referring
to transactions apparently of the year 1495 or
1496, casual mention of " Ricardus Wycherley
tune Episcopus ElenenT Either misreading the
title, or supposing it a slight clerical error, I took
him at the time to be Bishop of Ely ; but a re-
ference to Beatson's Political Index corrected my
mistake. A friend of mine looked up the inqui-
sition, and told me he found the name there
written " Clonensis." This sent me to Ireland,
where I hesitated between Cloyne and Clonmac-
noise, but could not find a resting-place in
either. I therefore again consulted the inquisi-
tion, and found the word to be " Olonensis " in
that document. I presume that " Olevensis "
was the proper title. Query, what is the name of
the place ? JAMES GAIRDNEB.
Johannes F. Crivellus.—I should be very much
obliged, if you could inform me, whether anything
is known of Johannes Franciscus Crivellus, a
painter, about 1480, of considerable merit (some-
thing in the style of Perugino), corresponding, in
fact, with the account usually given of Carlo
Crivelli. Was Carlo this painter's real name, or
onlv, as is sometimes the case, a nickname ?
J. C. J.
Grain Crops. — Can any of your readers supply
a copy of the pamphlet, published at York, up-
wards of fifty years ago, by John Tuke, a land
surveyor in extensive practice, and steward to
several estates of importance in that locality. Its
short title was, On the Advantages of cutting Grain
Crops early ; and Mr. Tuke's theory was, that
corn, after becoming ripe at the root, would ripen
in the ear to greater advantage being cut than
remaining on its root. This practice is partially
observed among farmers, but is not generally
adopted. One great benefit was, I remember,
that in case of rain the ear would be less liable
to sprout, while the process of ripening in the
evaporation of sap in the blade would go on
to better advantage both to the straw and the
berry. A notice of this subject might have its
utility at the present season. F. R. MAXOK.
Walpole, and Whittington and his Cat. — In
Walpole's " Letter to Cole," dated Jan. 8, 1773,
in which he shows himself very angry with The
Society of Antiquaries, clearly for their publica-
tion, in the Archceologia, of Masters' Reply to his
Historic Doubts, he says : " for the Antiquarian
Society, I shall leave them in peace with Whit-
tington and his Cat." In a previous Letter, viz.
July 28, 1772, he had stated :
" I choose to be at liberty to say what I think of the
learned Society; and, therefore, I have taken leave of
them, having so good an occasion presented as their
council on Whittington and his Cat, and the ridicule
that Foote has thrown on them," &c.
To what paper or discussion on Whittington
and his Cat does Walpole allude ? W. W. (2.)
Special Service omitted from the Prayer Book
of the Church of England. — When was the
"Service for the Twenty-third Day of October"
omitted from the (Irish) Prayer Book ? It was
appointed by Act of Parliament in the 14th &
15th year of King Charles II. (1662-63) ; and was
ordered to be retained by King George I., by a
warrant issued at St. James's Palace, Nov. 3, 1715.
In the list of special-service days for the month
of October, in Grierson's folio Prayer Book,
Dublin (1750), no mention is made of Oct. 23.
being a remarkable day, and yet this service is to
be found in that edition of the Prayer-Book. On
the accession of Her Majesty Queen Victoria, a
royal warrant was issued, dated June 21, 1837,
in which no mention is made of this special ser-
vice ; and yet, in the quarto Prayer-Book pub-
lished by Grierson (state printer), Dublin (1846),
a reference is made in the month of October to
the "Irish Rebellion" of 1641. ISTo special ser-
vice appears in this edition.
The rubric prefixed to the " Service for the
Fifth of November " orders that —
" After Morning Prayer, or Preaching, upon the said
Fifth Day of November, the Minister of every Parish
shall read publicly, distinctly, and plainly, the Act of
Parliament made in the third year of King James the
First, for the observance of it."
The rubric preceding the office for the Twenty-
ninth day of May orders that —
" The Act of Parliament made in the Twelfth, and con-
firmed in the Thirteenth year of King Charles the Second
for the observation of the 29th day of May, j'early, as a
day of public thanksgiving is to be read publicly in all
Churches at Morning Prayer, immediately after the
Nicene Creed, on the Lord's" Day next before every such
29th of May."
I have never heard these Acts of Parliament
read, although I have attended services on those
special days in every part of the United Kingdom.
JUVERNA, M.A.
Samuel Rolle, Fellow of Trinity College, Cam-
bridge. — What can be ascertained of the history
si., AUG. 2. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
89
of Samuel Rolle, or Rolls, D.D., formerly Fellow
of Trinity College, Cambridge, a non-conformist
divine, who wrote, under the name of Philagathus,
A Sober Answer to Bishop Patrick's Friendly
Debate f Among other writings he is stated to
have taken part with some others in composing a
book entitled Physical Contemplations on Fire, de-
dicated to Dr. George Bate, in 1667. What is this
book, and who were the other authors ?
A. TAYLOR, M.A.
Quotation wanted : " Love and Sorrow." — Where
can I find two stanzas, commencing with the
lines —
" Love and sorrow twins were born,
On a shining, showery morn ? "
I fancy they are Blacklock's, but I have not this
author at hand. K. H. D.
Irish Tithes. — Have the tithes in Ireland been
commuted similar to those in England ? and if so,
where will the commutation awards be found ?
SCRIPSIT.
Siege of Lille, A. D. 1708. — Where can I find
an authentic list of the British officers in this siege,
and of those wounded ; or can any of your readers
refer me to any mention of the Hon. John Spencer,
or the Hon. John Duncombe, assisting at that
siege, in what capacity, and whether wounded ?
JAMES KNOWLES.
Deans, Canons, and Prebendaries of Cathedrals.
— Will some kind reader of " N. & Q." point out
where the names of the various stalls, and their
emoluments, are to be found ? I have some recol-
lection of a parliamentary return stating these
facts, but cannot trace it in either of the three
Reports of the Cathedral Commissioners.
SCRIPSIT.
" Adding Sunshine to Daylight" — Whose is
the phrase " Adding sunshine to daylight," to ex-
press the pleasures as distinguished from the
necessaries of life ? . • X. H.
Rural Deaneries. — Is there any parliamentary
or other authoritative book which will describe
the extent and jurisdiction of the various rural
deaneries ? SCRIPSIT.
Device of a Star (qy. Sun f) above a Crescent on
Ecclesiastical Seals. — All seal collectors are aware
of the common occurrence of this device on early
ecclesiastical seals. Does it typify Christ (the sun),
and his church (the moon) dependent on him for
light. It would be well to obtain a list of all
examples ; and as a contribution I append : —
.The ancient seal of the Dean and Chapter of
Waterford, of which the matrix is still in use.
The ancient seal of the Dean and Chapter of
Lichfield (Proceedings of the Suffolk Institute of
Archaeology, &c., vol. ii. p. 225).
The seal of the Dean and Chapter of Ossory
bears the crescent, but not the star (sun ?). The
ancient matrix is still in use.
1ST. B. The same device is well known as oc-
curring on some of the coins of King John.
JAMES GRAVES, Clerk.
Kilkenny.
Water-Spouts. — Camoens in the 'fifth book of
the Lusiad has a graphic description of the forma-
tion and descent of a water-spout in the Indian
Ocean, which he closes with an exclamation of
surprise that the water which he had seen drawn
up salt from the ocean should, a few minutes after,
fall fresh from the cloud which attracted it:
" But say, ye sages, who can weigh the cause
And trace the secret springs of Nature's laAvs,
Say, -why the wave, of bitter brine ere while,
Should to the bosom of the deep recoil
Robbed of its salt, and from the cloud distill,
Sweet as the waters of 'the limpid rill."
Mickle's Transl
Will any of your correspondents who has tested
the phenomenon at sea, say whether this be cor-
rectly stated by the poet ?
J. EMERSON
Hieroglyphic Bible. — I possess a small octavo
work, the title-page of which is as follows :
" A curious Hieroglyphick Bible, or Select Passages in
the Old and New Testaments, represented with Emble-
matical Figures, for the Amusement of Youth ; designed
chiefly to familiarize tender Age, in a pleasing and
diverting Manner, with early Ideas of the Holy Scrip-
tures. To which are subjoined, a short Account of the
Lives of the Evangelists, and other Pieces, illustrated
with Cuts. The Fourth Edition; with Additions, and
other great Improvements. Dublin: printed by B.
Dugdale, N° 150, Capel Street. MDCCLXXXIX."
This work was published anonymously, and is
not mentioned by Home in his editions of the
Bible enumerated in his Introduction to the Cri-
tical Study and Knowledge of the Holy Scriptures.
What is known of its authorship ? EIN FRAGER.
iHfnar dlucrtc^ foftfj
Mrs. Siddons. — In Tymm's Family Topo-
grapher (vol. iv. p. 292.) is the following passage :
" At Lower Swinford a thatched cottage is shown as
the birth-place of the actress Mrs. Siddons, who is said to
have made her ' very first' debut in a barn at Bell Lane,
at the coronation of George III."
This barn is still remaining ; it is situate at the
back of the Bell Inn, in the town of Stourbridge,
in the parish of Oldswinford, and county of Wor-
cester ; and, I believe, portions of the scenery
used on this and other occasions are still in exist-
ence. I must, however, confess myself ignorant
of the whereabouts of the thatched cottage men-
tioned in the quotation, and rather doubt the
90
NOTES AND QUERIES.
(_2nd g.
(j AUG. 2. '56.
truth of it. Can any correspondent tell me the
real place of her birtb ? C. J. DOUGLAS.
place was Brecon, or Brecknon, in South Wales. A friend
has obligingly written to me as follows, respecting the
house in which Mrs. Siddons was born : — ' It is a public-
house in the high street of this town, which still retains
~its appellation, " The Shoulder of Mutton," though now
entirely altered from its pristine appearance. I send you
a drawing of the house [this is a wood engraving], not
as it is at present, but as I perfectly well remember seeing
it stand, with its gable front, projecting upper floors, and
a rich well-fed shoulder of mutton painted over the door,
offering an irresistible temptation to the sharpened appe-
tites of the Welsh farmers, who frequented the adjoining
market-place; especially as within doors the same, or
some similar object in a more substantial shape, was
always, at the accustomed hour, seen roasting at the
kitchen fire, on a spit turned by a dog in a wheel, the
invariable mode in all the Breconian kitchens. In addi-
tion to which noontide entertainment for country guests,
there was abundance of Welsh ale of the rarest quality ;
and, as the "Shoulder of Mutton" was situated in the
centre of Brecon, it was much resorted to by the neigh-
bouring inhabitants of the borough. • If I am rightly in-
formed, old Kemble [Mrs. Siddons's father] was neither
an unwilling nor an unwelcome member of their jolly
associations.' "]
" Book of Knowledge." — I have a small book in
three parts, of which the title-page is wanting.
The pages of the first part are headed, " The Book
of Knowledge ;" the second part is the " Husband-
man's Practise, or Prognostication for ever;" the
third part, " The Shepherd's Prognostication for
the Weather." The book is black-letter, and
printed for AV. Thackeray at "The Angel" in
Duck Lane, 1691. A small picture "by which
this book may be distinguished from some coun-
terfeit ' copies,1 has the letters ' I. S.' " The con-
tents, as the title signifies, are most miscellaneous,
and extend from a notice of " good days for blood-
letting," an A. B. C. to know what planet every
man is born under, his fortunes and time of death,
to " ' Pithagoras' Wheele,' by which ye may know
most things that you can demand," and much
other useful information.
AVhat is the title of the book, and who was the
author ? CHARLES WYLIE.
[The first edition of this work, without date, was
printed by Robert Wyer, about 1 540. It is entitled " The
Boke of Knowledge of Thy nges Vnknowen apperteynynge
to Astronomye, with certayne necessarye Rules, and cer-
tayne Sphere contaynyng herein. Compyled by God-
f rid us super Palladium de Agricultura Anglicatum."
Colophon, " Imprynted by me Robert Wyer in S. Mar-
tyns Parysshe, besyde Charynge Crosse." " Prefixed is a
cut of an astronomer, half length, with four stars. On
the back of the title a cut of Ptholomeus and his wife,
and under it : " ^f This is vnknowen to many men, though
they be knowen to some men." Another edition appeared
in 1585, "Imprinted at London, in Fleete-streete, be-
neath the Oomluite, at the Signe of S. John Euangelist,
by M. lackson." This only extends as far as chap, xv.,
"The Change of Man twelve times, according to the
Months." Another edition enlarged appeared in 1688,
with the following title: "The Knowledge of Things
Unknown. Shewing the Effects of the Planets, and
other Astronomical Constellations. With the strange
Events that befal Men, Women, and Children born under
them. Compiled by Godfridus super Palladium de Agri-
cultura Anglicatum. Together with the Husband-Man's
Practice : or Prognostication for ever : as teacheth Albert,
Alkind, Haly, and Ptolomy. With the Shepherd's Prog-
nostication for the Weather, and Pythagoras his Wheel
of Fortune. Printed by J. M. for W. Thackeray, at the
Angel in Duck Lane." The cuts are the same as in
Wyer's edition. Our correspondent's copy of 1691 seems
to be a reprint of that of 1688.]
MUSICAL NOTATION.
On Music ; and suggestions for improvement in its symbols,
or nomenclature of sounds : to the end that there may be a
clearer demonstration of the ratios of sounds, and, by con-
sequence, a more extended knowledge of the fund us of this
art, that is the poetry or measured relation of its forms.
(Continued from p. 73.)
Mr. Frank Howard, in his Treatise on the Art
of Making a Picture, declares " there is no work,
elementary or scientific, which teaches the praxis
of pictorial effect, or that of making a picture."
As with painting, so it is with music : indeed,
Dr. Marx, the latest writer on the theory, assures
his readers there exists " no work on harmony or
thorough base that can possibly fulfil the promises
held out to the student in musical composition."
In this remark, Dr. Marx may include his own
work. There is at present no written law for the
composition of music, and composers have care-
fully eschewed talking or writing upon the sub-
ject. Haydn, who taught when in this country,
after giving a certain number of lessons, was in
the habit of dismissing the student in these
words : — " I have taught you all the known rules :
there are others, but these I do not teach."
Mozart, when applied to by Weigl, a well-known
composer, to teach his mode of composing, replied
in the brief and decided sentence : " No : find
out, as I had to find out." On a recent occasion,
when visiting a musical friend, he produced rather
a long and ambitious composition, which, after
listening to, I remarked : " The first eight bars
are right, and the remainder all wrong." After
some pause, he said : " What makes you say the
first eight bars are right, and the others wrong ?
for I am certain there is not an error according
to Cherubini." " That may be," was my reply,
" but no man can write music from studying
Cherubini." After some time, he confessed the
first eight bars were borrowed from Beethoven ;
but he had so mystified the passage as to escape
recognition of the plagiary. I am certain no one
will ever write music by the aid of any work now
2nd S. N° 31., AUG. 2. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
91
before the public. The great theorists of the
present day are too wise to publish, and most of
them bind their pupils not to divulge their teach-
ing until after their deaths.
I have made the remark, that the pupil is
taught notes, not sounds. He is afterwards taught
scales or gamuts. The modern scales are the
standard, the natural, the transposed, the major,
the minor, the pathetic, the augmented, the chro-
matic, and the enharmonic. Should he desire to
go back some centuries, he must learn the dorian,
hypodorian, phrygian, hypop^hrygian, lydian, hypo-
lydian, mixolydian, hypomixolydian ; and if the
origin of these, he must study the tetrachords,
the tetrachordon-hypaton, meson, dies-eugmenon,
hyperboleon, proslambanomenos, hypate-hypaton,
par-hypate-hypaton ; together with the paranese,
and all other parts and portions of the Greek
scales. " The semitone makes music,'" was the
adage of the old composers ; and all this barbaric
jargon has been retained to mark the place of the
semitone in the scale. The knowledge of the
varieties and relations of the scale has had a slow,
but certain progress. The three principles which
govern musical composition, that is to say :
1. Sounds, which are the matter or subject,
2. Rhythms, which make figure or movement,
3. Heart (or spirit), which gives life, feeling,
and individuality,
are seen as strongly in the earliest music as in the
music of the present day. From these principles,
we have gained the music called the Gregorian, the
Glarean, the Alia Cappella, the Italian, Neapolitan,
French, German, Anglican, and all other national
schools. These schools represent certain states of
knowledge with respect to the analogies of sounds,
certain motions or figures governed by the then
prevailing state of language and the national
dance, and certain states of emotion or feeling
belonging to the master-spirits who were enabled
to leave such records in their compositions. Every
student in music should know every scale in
music that has existed, and that does exist ; but
in place of all this monstrous confusion of terms,
why not describe the semitone and its situation in
plain and unmistakeable language ?
We read of intervals as if they were sounds ;
whereas the interval is the distance or ratio be-
tween one sound and another. Again, chords are
called harmonies ; whereas harmonia is the pro-
portion between one chord and another chord.
A chord is not an analogy until it is placed by
the side of some other chord.
The student is taught the theory of dischords.
How few are there who know what takes place in
nature, when the so-called resolution of the
seventh is made ! In olden language, it is the
dislocation of the lychanos-meson (or meson-dia-
tonos) when conjoined with the proslambanomenos.
In these days it is the art of resolving the seventh.
Is not the one term quite as absurd as the other ?
How much could be gained if students were
taught, that having arrived at the two extremes
of the mean (G. C. F.), it is necessary to return
to the centre proportion, or to its equivalent?
The whole mystery of free sevenths, fettered
sevenths, and every other sort of seventh, then
becomes intelligible, and when the equivalents of
the centre are known, every possible remove is
laid bare and at instant command.
H. J. GAUNTLETT.
8. Powys Place, Queen Square.
(To be continued.)
SUFFRAGAN BISHOPS.
(2nd S. ii. 1.)
•I have extracted from The Wiltshire Institutions,
privately printed by Sir Thomas Phillipps in 1 825,
a list of preferments enjoyed in that county by
suffragan bishops, as follows :
" ' Robertus, Imelacensis Epus,' was instituted to the
vicarage of Littleton Drew in A.D. 1441.
"'Jacobus, Dei gratia Akardensis Episcopus,' was in-
stituted to the Rectory of Stockton in 1447 ; William My-
chell was instituted to the same benefice in 1454.
" * Simon, Connerensis Episcopus,' was instituted to the
Rectory of Paulsholt in 1459. ' Simon Conneren ' ex-
changed Pawlesholt with Roger Newton, for the Vicarage
of Aldeborne in 1462.
" ' Johannes, Tinensis Epus,' was instituted to the Rec-
tory of St. John's, Devizes, in 1479 ' per resig' Johannis,
Episcopi RoifenV St. John's was vacated in 1480 ' per
mort' Ven' Patris Johannis, Tinensis Episcopi,' who was
succeeded by Henry Boost, Provost of Eton College.
" ' Augustinus Church, Liden' Epus,' was instituted to
the Rectory of Boscombe in 1498. Boscombe was vacated
in 1499 ' per resig' Augustini, Lidensis Epi.'
" ' Johnes, Mayonensis Epus,' was instituted to the Vi-
carage of Coseham in 1504.
" ' Ecc' Ebbysborn et Succentoria.' Francis May was
instituted in 1509 to these preferments 'per dim' Gulmi
Barton, facti Epi Salon'.'
" ' Johannes, Syenensis Epus,' was instituted to the
Vicarage of Inglesham in 1518. 'Johannes Pynriock,
Syenensis Episcopus ' resigned Inglesham in 1520. He
seems to have resigned the same benefice again, in the
year 1524, and to the same person. The first resignation
may not have been completed.
" The Rectory of Colern was vacated in 1526 ' per mort'
Johannis, Calipolens' Episcopi.'
" Thomas Morley was instituted to the Rectory of
Blounesdon, B. S. Andrea?, in 1487, and John Abendon
was instituted to the same benefice in 1489.
"'Thomas Morley, sedis Merlebergen' Episcopus suf-
fraganeus,' was instituted to the Vicarage of Bradford,
co. Wilts, and to the Rectory of Fittleton in 1540, both
void ' per attincturam Willielmi Byrde, de alta prodi-
tione ; ' which William ' Brydde ' had been presented to
Bradford in 1491 by the Abbess of Shaston, and to Fittle-
ton in 1511 by Sir Edward Darel. Fittleton was vacated
* per mortem Thomae Morley ' in 1554."
The last bishop in MB. WALCOTT'S list should
NOTES AND QUERIES.
3L, AUG. 2. '56.
have been printed " Eeginald Courtenay." He is,
I believe, second son pf the late Rt. Hon. Thomas
Peregrine Courtenaf , next brother to the present
Earl of Devon. PATONCE.
JACOB BEHMEN.
(2nd S. i. 513.)
ANON'S note, with the word originals in Italics,
seems to imply that he charges Newton, Hahne-
niann, and others, with being indebted to Jacob
Behmen, without having had the candour to ac-
knowledge the fact; a very serious charge, which
induces me to mention, as an experience of my
own, that a theosopher will make such a charge
without knowing very much of the man impugned.
Some years ago, when beginning to study Beh-
men, I was told by an ardent theosopher (I
rather think ANON, himself) that Emanuel Swe*
denborg had been indebted to Behmen. I had read
much of Swedenborg, and besides the internal
evidence to the contrary, I knew that Sweden-
borg, in one of his letters, had expressly said (the
question having been asked) that he had not read
Jacob Behmen, for which he also gave a reason.
I naturally inquired of this gentleman, " What do
you know of Swedenborg ? " when he produced a
small volume called The Beauties of Swedenborg,
a most unhappy piece of garbling. This was all
he knew of the author of several works, in which,
as with Behmen also, the internal state of the author
is given by himself.
It struck me that this indisposition, in a theoso-
pher, to believe that another man, as well as his
special Master, might be original, in the proper
sense of the word, was highly unphilosophical, to
say nothing of the impropriety of lightly attributing
mean conduct to eminent men.
It would be easy to show that the very extraor-
dinary and profound writings of Jacob Behmen
would afford no countenance to this particular
shortcoming in his pupil. ALFRED KorrE.
Somers Town.
THE ARMS OF GLASGOW.
(2nd S. ii. 13, 14.)
In the various remarks of correspondents on the
arms of Glasgow, they appear to have omitted the
motto surrounding them, which also betokens an
early ecclesiastical origin. So far as I am aware
there is no very ancient copy of it : the most au-
thoritative which I have seen is that used by
Robert Sanders, printer to the city and uni-
versity, anno 1675, reading "Lord, let Glasgow
Flourish through the Preaching of thy Word." At
what period it was clipped down to its present
unmeaning dimensions, " Let Glasgow Flourish,"
seems uncertain. In the "Dedication" of the
work of John M°IJre in 1736 (Glasgow's first his-
torian) to the magistrates, " wishing them all hap-
piness and prosperity, and according to your own
motto, may ever flourish through the preaching of
God's word" it had likely then been considerably
tampered with, or only employed at full length on
state occasions. The piety of the sentiment, and
its continued appropriateness to Glasgow as a
city, ought to form a reason for the civic autho-
rities restoring it to its original.
Dr. Cleland, in the Annals of Glasgow, 1816,
vol. i. p. 42., says :
" The armorial bearing of the city is on a field parti, p.
fess argent and gules, an oak tree surmounted with a bird
in chief, a salmon with a gold stoned ring in its mouth in.
base, and on a branch on the sinister side a bell langued
or, all proper. . . . Prior to the Reformation St.
Mungo, or Kentigern, mitred, appeared on the dexter side
of the shield, which had two salmons for supporters."
Respecting obscure matters of- this kind there
will of course be always much to exercise the
fancy, and hence many theories to explain the
various insignia of the arms have from time to
time been published, leaving us in the same state
of conjecture. Dr. Main, an eminent professor of
physic in the University of Glasgow, who died in
1646, had his Latin verses, " Salmo maris," &c.,
Englished in rather a homely strain by J. B. in
1685, as follows :
" The salmon which is a fish of the sea,
The oak which springs from earth that loftie tree,
The bird on it which in the air doth flee,
O Glasgow does presage all things to thee
To which the sea, or air, or fertile earth,
Do either give their nourishment or birth ;
The bell that doth to public worship call
Sayes heaven will give most lasting things of all ;
The ring the token of the marriage is,
Of things in heaven and earth both thee to bless."
Similar are extant, from the learned professor
downwards to those of the schoolboy who usually
had at his finger ends a rhyme now nearly obso-
lete, and who cut the knot he could not untie :
" This is the tree that never grew,
This is the bird that never flew,
This is the bell that never rang,
This is the fish that never swam,
This is the drunken salmon."
Without pretending to be as skilly as those who
have tried their hand at interpretation, it has often
occurred to me that the different religious em-
blems, as in the bird, may have been intended to
figure the dove, or Holy Spirit ; or perhaps in re-
ference to the meeting at Glasgow of St. Mungo
with St. Columba the "Dove" — the ring as re-
presenting the sacrament of marriage and the
episcopal see : — and the bell, baptized and blessed,
to which the greatest sanctity was attached, as
typical of the cathedral. There was the fine local
situation of Glasgow, adorned by a magnificent
2nd S. N° 31., AUG. 2. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
93
river, abounding with fisheries, on whose banks
grew the spreading oaks and fertile orchards, all
of which objects, ecclesiastical and civil, came so
far to be interwoven in her arms, denoting the
importance of her status among the nations.
An excellent Gaelic scholar, now deceased, in-
formed me that the name Kentigern should be
rendered Ceantigh — Tighearna, the head, or go-
vernor, or father, or chief, or ruler of the Lord's
House ; Columba, or Colum-cille, Colum of the
Cells, from his having founded so many churches
and monasteries ; Glasgow, Glas agus Dhu, grey
and black — Glas's Dhu, grey and black — Baile
Glas's Dhu, the town of grey and black (monks).
The most of her historians 'respectively consider
I the appellation as signifying a grey smith, from a
supposed well-qualified craftsman in iron having
taken up his abode in the place ; as a dark glen
in allusion to a deep mass of trees where the cell
of St. Kentigern stood ; and among the latest as
derived from glas (Brit.), meaning "green," and
coed, wood ; thus glas- coed, the green wood,
thought to be corroborated from the unquestion-
able early existence of a forest, subsequently de-
nominated the " bishop's." A brook in a deep
ravine at the east end of the cathedral, known as
the Molendinar Burn, still continues to flow, which
in the days of St. Mungo was no doubt covered
with woods, and which it is not improbable led
him to select the spot for a cathedral to plant the
Christian faith on the ruins of some Druidical
groves. G. N.
BEPRIEVE FOR NINETY-NINE YEARS.
(2nd S. i. 465. 523.)
Your correspondent A. was misinformed as to
the officer alluded to having received the grace of
a suspension of his sentence of death " for ninety-
nine years." The facts of the case were as fol-
lows : — Several depots of regiments serving on
the West Indian and North American stations
were quartered together in the spacious barracks
at Winchester in 1813. Amongst the officers
thus thrown into each others' society were Lieut.
*- — Blundell, Lieut. Anthony Dillon, and En-
sign Daniel O'Brien, all of the late 101st, or Duke
of York's Irish Regiment (a corps of duellists) ;
and Ensigns Edward Maguire and James Peddie
Gilchrist, both of the late 6th West India Regi-
ment. Between Lieut. Blundell and Ensign
Maguire a trivial difference arose, which was
fomented into a quarrel by Lieut. Dillon and En-
signs Gilchrist and O'Brien; until a fatal duel
was fought July 9, 1813, in which Lieut. Blundell
lost his life. Lieut. Dillon, Ensigns Gilchrist,
Maguire, and O'Brien were tried by civil law at
Winchester, were found guilty of murder, and
were sentenced to death, whereupon a royal par-
don was granted to them by the Prince Regent ;
mark, not a respite, or even a reprieve substi-
tuting " transportation" for " death" as a punish-
ment, but a free and unconditional pardon. The
four officers were removed from the service on
Sept. 8, 1813, without the formality of a court
martial. Mr. Gilchrist was only two months an
ensign at the time of this unfortunate duel, and
there may have been extenuating circumstances
in his case : for he was appointed ensign, 67th
Regiment, without purchase, in November 1820 ;
was transferred to a veteran battalion in February
1821, and thence, in June following, to 60th regi-
ment; from which he was placed on half-pay in
August, by the reduction of several junior officers
in each rank. He was appointed in January
1831 to 86th regiment, and obtained about the
same time the situation of Garrison Quarter-
master at Gibraltar, which he retained until June
1834, when he was ordered to join the depot at
home ; he was promoted lieutenant in October
1834, and joined the regiment at Demerara in
summer 1835. The regiment returned home in
May 1837, and Lieut. Gilchrist was re-appointed
in June 1837 Garrison Quartermaster at Gibral-
tar ; which situation he again held until April
1841, when he retired on half-pay, and resigned
his staff appointment. He died on Christmas
Eve, 1849. G. L. S.
Conservative Club.
EATON S SERMON.
(2nd S. i. 516.)
MR. ASPLAND states truly that the name of
Samuel Eaton is not mentioned "in Hanbury's
three bulky volumes of Historical Memorials re-
lating to the Independents ; " and he is solicitous to
obtain references illustrative of Eaton's life and
writings. That I was not ignorant respecting
Eaton's character and writings when I " professed
to write the history of Independency in England
and its literature," MR. ASPLAND may see in the
subjoined extract from my Historical Research
concerning the most ancient Congregational Church
in England, 1820, 8vo., pp. 54. :
"That the claim of Mr. Jacob's church to priority has
been questioned, is evident from what is said in Edwards's
Gangrcena, pt. iii. 1646 ; but, as will presently appear, that
writer is not sufficient authority. He says, in p. 164.,
' There is a godly minister of Cheshire, who was lately in
London, that related with a great deal of confidence the
following story, as a most certain truth known to many
of that county; that this last summer, the church of
Duckingfield (of which Master Eaton and Master Taylor
are pastor and teacher) being met in their chapel, to the
performing of their worship and service, as Master Eaton
was preaching, there was heard the perfect sound as of a
man beating a march on a drum,' . . . 'insomuch
that it terrified Master Eaton and the people, caused him
to give over preaching/ &c. And he adds, in p. 165.,
94
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd s. N° 31., AUG. 2. '56.
4 This church of Duckingfield is the first Independent
church, visible and franed, that was set up in England,
being before the Apologists came from Holland, and so
before their setting up their churches here in London.'
That Edwards's account is not quite correct, the follow-
ing titles of works will show : A. Defence of sundry Po-
sitions and Scriptures, alledqed tojustifie the Congregationall-
way, by Samuel Eaton, 'Teacher, and Timothy Taylor,
Pastor, of the Church in Duckenfield, in Cheshire, 1645,
4to. ; The Defence of sundry Positions and Scriptures for
the Congregational-way justified, by Sam. Eaton and Tim.
Taylor, 1646, 4to. In Calamy's Nonconformists' Memorial,
Palmer's ed. 1775, vol. ii. p. 91., under the head 'Ducken-
field, Lancashire,' is an account of Mr. Samuel Eaton ;
whence we find, that having been puritanically educated,
he dissented in some particulars from the Church of
England, and withdrew to New England [in 1637] ; but
returned and gathered a congregational church at Duck-
enfield. He died Jan. 9, 1664, aged sixty-eight. This
account completely confutes Edwards's, for at the time Mr.
Jacob instituted his church, Mr. Eaton was but twenty
years old ! " — Hist. Res., p. 6.
BENJAMIN HANBUBY.
Gloucester Villas, Brixton.
COMMON-PLACE BOOKS (1st S. xii. 366. 478. ; 2nd
S. i. 486., ii. 38.) : MOTTO TOR INDEX (2nd S. i.
413. 481.)
To convince your correspondent F. C. H. that
the method he describes of a common- place book,
dividing the page into compartments, A, E, i, o, u,
Y, and facilitating the use of Locke's New Method
of a Common-Place Book and Numerical Index,
was adopted at the period I have mentioned, viz.
1792, the only difference being the omission of
the vowel Y, I beg to furnish a specimen from the
work before referred to, Asiatic Researches, vol. iii.
p. 249. et seq., from which he will see that although
he did not refer to any of the works which I men-
tion, he described a plan precisely the same, and
which was consequently not, as he supposes, new
forty years ago.
A
Fol.
E
Fol.
I
Fol.
O
Fol.
U
Fol.
Arabia
256
Ahremen
256
Ahilya
255
Afoca
251
Aguru
256
The words Arabia, &c., are given by way of
example.
Common-Place Book, 256. :
" Arabia : In this celebrated peninsula the richest and
most beautiful of languages was brought to per-
fection : the Arabick dictionary by Golius is the most
elegant, the most convenient, and, in one word, the
best, that was ever compiled in any language."
The directions and explanation of the superior ad-
vantages of this new method occupy four pages.
Perhaps MR. CHADWICK will not be dissatisfied
with the trite motto, " Festina Lente," for his
Index. In the Golden Remains of the " ever me-
morable" Hales of Eton, London, 1688, he thus
exhibits the progressive unity of an index, which
methodically arranges excerptions though thrown
together " in most admired disorder : "
" In your reading excerpe, and note in your books such
things as you like, going on continually without any re-
spect unto order ; and for the avoiding of confusion it
shall be very profitable to allot some time to the reading
again of your own notes, which do as much and as oft as
you can. For by this means your notes shall be better
fixt in your memory, and your memory will easily supply
you with things of the like nature, if by chance you have
dispersedly noted them, that so you may bring them to-
gether by marginal references. But because your notes
in time must needs arise in some bulk, that it may be too
freat a task, and too great loss of time to review them,
o thus : cause a large index to be fram'd according to
alphabetical order, and register in it your heads, as they
shall offer themselves in the course of your reading, every
head under his proper letter. For thus though your notes
lie confused in your papers, yet are they digested in your
index, and to draw them together when you are to make
use of them will be nothing so great pains as it would be
to have ranged them under their several heads at their
first gathering. A little experience of this course will
show you the profit of it, especially if you did compare it
with some others that are in use." — Page 234.
BlBLIOTHECAR. CHETHAM.
PUNISHMENT FOR REFUSING TO PLEAD.
(2nd S. i. 411.)
The punishment of death was formerly most
barbarously inflicted upon persons who refused to
plead to an indictment preferred against them.
I am enabled to give you the exact terms of the
sentence. The prisoner being called upon to
plead, and remaining mute, the judgment or-
dained by law was as follows :
"That the prisoner shall be sent to the prison from
whence he came, and put into a mean room, stopped from
the light, and shall be laid on the bare ground, without
any litter, straw, or other covering, and without any gar-
ment about him (except something to hide his privy
members). He shall lie upon his back, his head shall be
covered, but his feet shall be bare. One of his arms shall
be drawn by a cord to one side of the room, and the other
arm to the other side, and his legs shall be served in like
manner. Then there shall be laid upon his body as much
iron or stone as he can bear, and more. And the first day
after he shall have three morsels of barley bread, without
any drink ; and the second day he shall be allowed to
drink as much as he can at three times of the water that
is next the pi'ison door, except running water, without
any bread; and this shall be his diet till he dies. And
he against whom this judgment shall be given forfeits
his goods to the king."
This sentence once pronounced, it remained at
the discretion of the court to allow the prisoner to
return and plead if he desired. By an act passed
in 1772 this statute was repealed, and persons re-
fusing to plead were deemed guilty as if tried by
2nd S. NO 31., Aua. 2. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
95
a jury. This was called at the time a merciful
alteration : but the present law on this subject is
much more in accordance with the spirit of justice
and humanity ; for if a prisoner refuses to plead,
he is tried as he would be had he pleaded " not
guilty " to the charge. The old law of pressing to
death never became obsolete, but was enforced
almost up to the very year of its repeal.
JOHN BAWTREE HARVEY.
Colchester.
MR. BATHURST'S DISAPPEARANCE.
(2nd S. ii. 48.)
The following account is from the Biographic
Universelle, Ancienne et Moderne, Supplement,
tome 57feme, Paris, 1834 :
"BATHURST (Lord Benjamin?), ne en 1784 & Londres,
d'une famille illustre (voy. BATHURST, iii. 516.), re$ut
une brillante education, et'fut des sa jeuhesse destine a la
diplomatic. Une mission lui ayant ete confiee aupres de
la Cour de Vienne, en 1809, il revenait de cette capitale
avec des de'peches d'une grande importance, lorsqu'il dis-
parut tout & coup, a son passage pres de Hambourg, an
moment ou il allait s'embarquer pour 1'Angleterre. Tout
annonce qu'il fut assassine par suite d'un crime k peu
pres semblable a celui dont le Major Sinclair avait e'te'
victime. On ne trouva d'autres traces de sa disparution
?'une partie de ses vetements restee sur les bords de
Elbe. Cette perte causa en Angleterre de tres-vifs re-
grets, et Ton & fait long-temps d'inutiles recherches pour
connaitre les auteurs du crime. Lorsqu'en 1815 1'ex-
ministre de la police iniperiale, Savary, tomba dans les
mains des Anglais, il lui fut addresse sur cette evenement,
par le ministre Bathurst, beaucoup de questions qui
n'eurent point de re'sultat."
From this it would appear that nothing certain,
up to 1834, had been ascertained on this distress-
ing subject. The Major Sinclair alluded to in
the above extract was an officer in the Swedish
service, who had been sent, in 1739, to negociate
a treaty at Constantinople, and was assassinated
on his return, near Naumburgh, in Silesia. The
Biog. Univ. (tome 42.) says that the evident ob-
ject of this crime was to obtain possession of his
dispatches, the secret of which could only interest
Russia. J. MACRAY.
Oxford.
Nothing certain is known of Mr. Bathurst's fate.
In the life of his father, the late Bishop of Nor-
wich, by Mrs. Thistelthwaite, any person inter-
ested in this strange story may see all that is
known. His eldest daughter was drowned in the
Tiber, the other is living. Mrs. Bathurst was a
sister of Sir W. P. Call, Bart., and a cousin of my
mother's. She died at an advanced age, in Italy,
about a year since.
Would A BOOKWORM be so kind as to let me
see Mrs. Bathurst's MS. journal ?
A. HOLT WHITE.
Southend, Essex.
I think your correspondent A BOOKWORM is
under a mistake in saying Mrs. Benjamin Bathurst
was a sister of Sir G. P. Call's ; she was sister to
Lord Aylmer. Her surviving daughter is Dow-
ager Countess of Castle Stuart. BOOKWORM
would find the information he seeks in the Life of
Bishop Bathurst, written by his son the late Arch-
deacon Bathurst.
A READER OF " NOTES AND QUERIES " FROM
ITS COMMENCEMENT.
SONGS ON TOBACCO.
(2nd S. i. 182. 258.)
I have a version of the old song " Think of that,
when you smoke tobacco," differing in words
from the versions inserted in "N. & Q.," but
similar in sentiment and metre, for which reason
I shall not ask you to insert it. I send, however,
one which is headed "'a translation " in my note-
book, and which differs in metre from those that
have been embalmed in the classic pages of your
invaluable journal.
" The leaves of tobacco which come from afar,
For better or worse to the smoker,
Their colour so green in the morn seems to be,
In the evening they 're livid — they wither ;
This constantly shews to us pilgrims on earth
That we are but strangers on this stage, from birth,
In worldly enjoyments there 's always a dearth ;
These morals at once touch the smoker.
" The pipe, through this habit, it blackens in time,
The ashes and smoke make it blacken ;
Before it be cleansed, or whiten'd, 'tis put
In the fire, when it turns to its colour.
So we are, all of us, without and within,
Uncleanly and full of dire hatred and sin,
Before he is purified, grace must begin
To work on the mind of the smoker.
" The white chalky pipe has the colour of them
Whom we call our fair maidens and beauties ;
When once it is broken, it is put aside,
And wholly dispensed with its uses ;
And thus we are, all of us, seemingly strong,
But a light stroke of Fate may cast us along
The stream of adversity — both th' old and the young
Should muse as the smoke them infuses.
" The ashes or dross in the pipe they remain,
It must be remember'd with wonder ;
But the smoke it ascends to the regions above,
Most surely, as on it we ponder :
From this earth to that earth we soon must return,
From ashes to ashes — though the thought we may
spurn ;
Our life it decays, as tobacco doth burn,
Consider thy exit, then, Smoker."
JUVERNA, M.A.
Pemb. Coll., Oxon.
Your correspondent DR. RIMBAULT remarks on
the old phrase, " drinking tobacco." May I add a
parallel case of the natives of India, who call it
96
NOTES AND QUEETES.
O* S. NO 31., AUG. 2. '56.
" hooka peue," to drink the hooka ; and who like-
wise swallow the smoke, and breathe it out
through the nostrils. E. E. BYNG.
to
Portraits of Surift (2nd S. ii. 21.)— I am not able
to say (writing from the country) whether, as
G. N. states, Faulkner (not Faulkener) printed
an edition of Swift in 1734 ; but I have his edi-
tion of 1735, which makes no allusion to a former
edition. My edition contains, in the 4th volume,
the print that G. N. seems to allude to, but it
differs from his description : first, in having Vert
for Vertue, the engraver's name ; and secondly, in
being, in my opinion, a very poor performance,
and a peculiarly bad likeness of Swift, which is
the more apparent because the first volume has an
admirable portrait of the Dean engraved by " G.
Vertue," and in his very best style. If G. N. be
accurate in his statements, I would guess that
Faulkner published his first volumes in 1734,
without Vertue's fine portrait, and republished
them in 1735 with that plate and a new date.
The plate in the 4th volume, described by G. N.,
and marked in my copy as by " Vert," was, I am
satisfied, not by Vertue ; but by some very in-
ferior artist, who was not impudent enough to
give Vertue's name at full length. C.
" God save the King" (2nd S. ii. 60.) — A. A. D.
has been misinformed. No doubt can exist that
Dr. John Bull was the composer of this tune. It
stands in the volume of MS. music by Bull,
formerly the property of Dr. Pepusch, now of
Mr. Richard Clark. Mr. William Chappeli is not
a professional musician ; and his statements upon
music, as abstract music, should be received only
so far as supported by the strongest evidence.
Even musicians have made great mistakes in the
origin and chronology of melody. Dr. Crotch,
who chose to fix upon one chronological date as
the rise of pure church-music, and another chro-
nological date as the period of its decline, has
made a ludicrous mistake in exemplifying his un-
tenable theory. As an example of the church
school in its perfection, he quotes a chant in
D minor, imagining it was the composition of
Thomas Moiiey of 1585, whereas it was made by
William Morley of 1740, a period in which, ac-
cording to Dr. Crotch's notion, all true church-
music was defunct. H, J. GAUNTLETT.
Approach of Vessels (2nd S. i. 315. 418.)— In the
Nautical Magazine for March, 1834, will be found
a very interesting account of Nauscopie, or the
art of ascertaining the approach of vessels at a
great distance, by M. Bottineau. He says :
" This knowledge neither results from the undulation
of the waves, nor from quick sight, nor from a particular
sensation; but simply from observing the horizon, which
bears upon it certain signs indicative of the approach of
vessels or land. When a vessel approaches land, or
another vessel, a meteor appears in the atmosphere of a
particular nature, visible to every eye, without any difficult
effort : it is not by the effect of a fortuitous occurrence
that this meteor makes its appearance under such cir-
cumstances ; it is, on the contrary, the necessary result of
one vessel towards another or towards land."
R. THORBURN.
Bottineau is the name of the person who prac-
tised the very curious art of foretelling the ap-
proach of vessels to land. He held a situation
under the French government, in the Mauritius,
towards the end of the last century, and appears
to have made repeated and vain efforts to gain the
patronage of his native government for his art,
but having failed to sell it to advantage, permitted
it to expire with him. He died in obscurity about
the time of the Revolution ; and it does not appear
that any offer of his services was ever made by
him to the English government, or that he derived
any pension from it. The Nautical Magazine for
March, 1834, contains a series of documents re-
specting this strange art; and in No. 115. of the
first series of Chambers' s Journal will be found an
interesting paper upon the subject, under the
fanciful title of " Nautical Second- Sight."
WILLIAM BLOOD.
Dublin.
Lines on Warburton (2nd S. ii. 22.) — If S. W.
will refer to Churchill's Works, vol. ii. pp. 43, 44.,
1844, edited by W. Tooke, he will find the verses
on Warburton he quotes, as written by S. Rogers
in Johnson's Table- Talk :
" The first entitled to the place
Of Honour both by gown and grace,
Who never let occasion slip
To take right hand of fellowship ;
And was so proud, that should he meet
The Twelve Apostles in the street,
He'd turn his nose up at them all,
And shove his Saviour from the wall."
Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, and D 'Israeli's
Quarrels of Authors, and the notes of Mr. Tooke,
may be usefully consulted in relation to Warbur-
ton and Churchill's satire.
A good life of Warburton, embracing the lite-
rary history of the period, in relation to him and
to his immediate contemporaries, is much to be
desired. SPENCER HALL.
Rawson (2nd S. i. 452.) — G. R. C. will see a
pedigree of Rawson, of Bessacarr, in par. Cantley,
co. York, stated to be descended from the Raw-
sons of Frystone, in Hunter's South Yo?*kshire
(vol. i. p. 85.). Also, at p. 321. of the same work,
another Rawson of Pickburn, or Pigburn, in par.
Brodsworth. Accounts of other families of the
same name are to be found in Hunter's Hallam-
shire (pp. 224. 267.) C. J.
2nd S. N° 31., AUG. 2. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
97
Allow (2nd S. ii. 10.) — The meaning of this
word in the Baptismal Service most likely will
be the meaning usually attached to it by the
writers of the age in which the service was drawn
up. In the English version of the New Testa-
ment the word occurs five times, to express what
in the original are four different words :
Luke xi. 48. — er
Acts xxiv. 15. —
Rom. vii. 15. — •y
Eom. xiv. 22. —
, ; also 1 Thess. ii. 4.
In this last sense of " approving after trial," it
is used in the Prayer-Book version of Psalm xi.
6., where the authorised version has " trieth," and
the original |niP ; but the most usual meaning
seems to have been " approve, be well pleased
with, take pleasure in." Cf. King Lear, Act III.
So. 4. :
" If your sweet sway
Allow obedience."
There seems to be no objection to this meaning
in the passage referred to by E. G. R. ; for though
your pages are not the place to discuss the ques-
tion of infant baptism, I think that God nowhere
expressly commands it, though the Church in her
27th Article says it " is in anywise to be retained,
. as most agreeable with the institution of Christ," a
phrase which seems exactly to correspond to the
" favourably alloweth " of the Baptismal Service.
J. EASTWOOD, M.A.
Ecldngton.
e Calvary (2nd S. i. 374. 440. ; ii. 34.)— Without
disputing the statement in Hebrews xiii. 12., or
the interpretation put upon it, I must call atten-
tion to the reading of John xix. 20., which, on
the authority of the best MSS., declares that " the
part of the city where Jesus was crucified was
nigh." "'E77US 1\v 6 r6iros rijs 7rJA.e«s, forou €<rrav-
pd>9r] 6 'ITJO-OUS." This is the adopted reading of
Scholz and Tischendorff. Consequently Golgotha
or Calvary was within, and not without the city.
The present walls of Jerusalem were erected A.D.
1542 ; the previous walls, extending farther to
the north than these, were erected under Clau-
dius, forty-one years after Christ (Joseph. War,
v. 4. 2. Comp. Tacit. Hist., v. 12.). But in the
time of Christ there were two walls (neither coin-
ciding with the above). Of the outer one Scholz
found traces; the inner one probably excluded
Calvary, which, if situated betwixt these two
walls, was not only, according to St. John, " part
of the city," but also " without the gate," accord-
ing to the Epistle to the Hebrews, which, how-
ever, does not say it was without the gate of the
'city, but might, for the allegorical purpose of the
writer^ be without the gate of the Temple ("Tern-
plum in modum arcis propriique muri," Tacit.
*• C0 T. J. BUCKTON.
Lichfield.
The House of Brunswich and the Casting Vote
(2nd S. ii. 44.). — Sir Arthur Owen, Bart., of
Orielton, in the county of Pembroke, is the in-
dividual who is asserted to have given the casting
vote which placed the Brunswick dynasty upon
the throne of England. A lady now residing in
Haverfordwest remembers her grandmother, who
was staying at Orielton at the time when Sir
Arthur Owen rode to London on horseback, for
the purpose of recording his vote. He had relays
of horses at the different posting houses, and ac-
complished the journey in an incredibly short
space of time ; arriving at the precise juncture
when his single vote caused the scale to pre-
ponderate in favour of the descendants of the
Electress Sophia. JOHN PAVIN PHILLIPS.
Haverfordwest.
Cast of Oliver Cromwell (2nd S. ii. 34.) — I do
not know of any cast of Oliver Cromwell being
preserved in the Tower. The original one, taken
after death, is, I believe, in the possession of
Henry W. Field, Esq., of H. M. Mint, a descen-
dant of the Lord Protector. MERCATOB, A.B.
Reginald Bligh, A.B. (2nd S. ii. 10.) — was
presented to the rectory of Romaldkirk in the
North Riding of Yorkshire, April 7, 1787. I
have every reason to believe that he died and was
buried at Romaldkirk, but I am sure that the
present rector will give MESSRS. C. H. & T. COO-
PER all the information about him that they
require. Mr. Bligh was related to the Captain
Bligh whose name has become famous from his
connection with the mutiny of the Bounty.
ANON.
Rand (2nd S. i. 213. 396. 522.) — Between a
place called Trumfleet Marsh and the north bank
of the river Don, near Kirk-Bramwith, about six
miles N.N.E. of Doncaster, is a portion of land
bearing the name of " The Rands." On the oppo-
site, or south bank, is Fishlake ; to the school of
which parish the Rev. Richard Rands alias Crab-
tree (so he writes himself) was a benefactor circa
1640. He mentions Fishlake as being " the place
of his nativity." C. J.
Blood which will not wash out (2nd S. i. 461 ;
ii. 57.) — It is forty years, exactly, since I visited
the chapel of the Carmelites at Paris, alluded to
in the above pages. At that time the blood was
left in quantities all over the pavement and
benches, and on the walls. I was told, on the
spot, that the number of clergy massacred in this
small chapel was 102 ! Others were shut up and
murdered in the beautiful church of the convent ;
and the whole number thus sacrificed was 500 !
With reference, however, to the original Query-
as to the blood not washing out, my impression is
that in this case no attempt has been made to
98
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd S. NO 31., AUG. 2. '56,
wash it out. It is regarded with the greatest
veneration ; and when I was there, it was pre-
served most carefully by never sweeping over it,
except with a bunch of feathers. At the time of
my visit, the convent was occupied by about
thirty-six Carmelite nuns. I had just before paid
a visit to the good old Abbe Barruel, who had
then lost the sight of one eye, and was declining,
but very cheerful. He spoke very highly of
Bishop Milner, and expressed a wish to possess
his Letters to a Prebendary, to which he said he
should give a more honourable place in his library
than to Bossuet's Variations. F. C. H.
The Doleman (2ad S. i. 375.)— Dollman (some-
times Dowman) is not a very uncommon name :
the family appears to be originally from Yorkshire,
but there are branches in Herts, Berks, and Cam-
bridgeshire. J. K. does not say to which town
he alludes, or the name might possibly be traced
in the neighbourhood. There are several pedi-
grees of the name in Brit. Mus. (see Sims's Index).
Shaw gives the arms of a branch settled in Staf-
fordshire (vol. ii. p. 101.) LX.
Gamage Family (2nd S. ii. 48.) — The place
ANONYMOUS writes " Royiode," is perhaps Coyty,
near Bridgend, in Glamorganshire. The castle of
Coyty was formerly the chief possession of the
family of Gamage ; and, among persons in a hum-
ble condition of life, in that county, the name still
exists. T. F.
"Aneroid" (2nd S. i. 114.) — This word, as
applied to the vacuum barometer, is a modern
coinage ; and is compounded of a, privative, and
the obsolete adjective vnpbs, " humidus." The
motion of the index on the dial-plate of the in-
strument is produced by the pressure of the at-
mosphere upon a corrugated iron box, from which
the air has been exhausted. There being no fluid
used in the construction of the barometer, it is,
therefore, not inaptly designated " Aneroid," i. e.
moistureless. JOHN PAVIN PHILLIPS.
Haverfordwest.
The Ducking Stool (2nd S. ii. 38.) — In a recent
number of " N. & Q." a correspondent from Birk-
enhead has mentioned the use of the ducking stool
as a punishment for women, in Liverpool, in 1779,
and perhaps much later, and has referred, as his
authority, to my historical work on Liverpool.
The fact certainly was as he has stated. That
barbarous and unfeeling punishment was inflicted
in the old House of Correction in Liverpool, at
least as lately as in 1779 ; and its constant inflic-
tion there is mentioned in Howard's Appendix to
the State of the Prisons in England and Wales,
p. 258. See also the allusion to it by Mr. James
Nield, the philanthropist, in the Gentleman's
Magazine of 1803, vol. Ixxiii. part 2. p. 1104.
I may be allowed to add, that there is yet a
portable ducking stool, on wheels, preserved in
the church at Leominster, in Herefordshire, as
your correspondent states. I have repeatedly
seen it, and the last time was only in May last ;
and I have been informed by the worthy vicar,
who kindly accompanied me and pointed it out to
me, that about seventy years ago, it was used for
the ducking of a notoriously bad woman named
Jane Curran, but called by many " Jenny Pipes."
RICHARD BROOKE.
Canning Street, Liverpool.
"Hallow, my Fancie" (2nd S. i. 511. ; ii. 57.)—'
This old song is to be found in The Cabinet, a
(now somewhat rare) collection of tales, &c. In
a note is added —
" From Watson's Choice Collection of Comic and Serious
Scots Poems, both Ancient and Modern, 1706, a volume of
uncommon rarity, where it is prefaced by the following :
" ' Nota. — It was thought fit to insert these verses,
because the one half of them (viz. from this mark * * * to
the end) were writ by Lieutenant-Colonel Clealand, of
my Lord Angus's Regiment, when he was a Student in
the College of Edinburgh, and 18 Years of Age.' "
The mark is at the verse beginning, " In con-
ceit like Phaeton," and ascribes the last nine of
seventeen stanzas to Col. Clealand.
C. H. S. (Clk.)
Dissection (2nd S. ii. 64.) —The object of the
statute, 2 & 3 Will. IV. c. 75., which enacts that
the bodies of murderers shall not be dissected,
but buried in the prison, was obviously to remove
the prejudice against dissection, and to induce
persons to give their own or their relatives' bodies
for dissection; for the act, after reciting that
there is an insufficient supply of bodies for scien-
tific purposes, authorises the executor, or other
party having lawful possession of the body of any
deceased person, to permit the body to undergo
anatomical examination;" and also makes it im-
perative on such party to permit dissection, if the
deceased had expressed a wish to that effect,
unless the surviving relatives object.
Prior to that act, it was unlawful to have pos-
session of a body for anatomical purposes ; and,
therefore, no person could authorise the dissection
of his body. It was argued, when the act was
proposed, that the legalisation of dissection, and
the removal of the infamy, would induce many
persons, for the sake of science, to give bodies for
dissection. Except as to paupers, the act has
probably failed of the object proposed ; and it
might be expedient again to legalise the dissection
of murderers. EDEN WARWICK.
Birmingham.
Ancient Oaths (2nd S. ii. 70.) — The collection
suggested by T. H. P. to be valuable should cer-
tainly be complete ; but such a collection would
surely be too shocking and profane for admission
2nd S. N° 31., AUG. 2. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
into the pages of " N. & Q." One inestimable
blessing which we owe to the Reformation, is the
freedom from the awful oaths in use up to that
time ; and it can serve no good purpose even to
know the precise forms of blasphemy by which an
incarnate Saviour was appealed to by '* the faith-
ful." On this subject, see an article in the last
Christian Remembrancer on the "Religious and
Social State of England before the Reformation."
X. Y. Z.
Whitsunday (2nd S. i. 521. ; ii. 77.)— Although
F. C. H. seems satisfied with "the received origin
of the name Whitsunday," I confess that the de-
rivation has always appeared to me the most un-
satisfactory and fanciful that could have been
chosen. Did neophytes always wear white gar-
ments on this day ? If they did, were they so
specially worn on that day only, as to make it
likely that they should give a name to this day?
Dissenting equally from MR. MACKENZIE WAL-
COTT and from F. C. H., I can find no more likely
origin of the word than that which Hearne gives
in the glossary to his edition of Robert of Gloucester,
s. v. " Wyttesonetyd." His words are :
" There are many opinions about the original of the
name, all which I forbear noticing, unless it be one not
taken notice of by common etymologists, but occurs in
folio liiij a. of a very rare book printed by Wynken de
Worde. . . . the words to our purpose are these :
" ' ^[ In die pentecostes.
" ' Good men and wymmen this day is called Wytson-
day bycause the Holy'Ghost brought wytte and wysdom
into Cristis disciples, and so by her prechyng after in to
all cristendom. Thenne maye ye understande that many
hath wytte, but not wysdom. For there ben many that
hath wytte to preche well, but there ben few that have
wysdom to live well. There be many wyse prechers and
techers, but her lyvyng in no maner thyng after her
prechynge. Also there be many that labour to have
wytte and connyng, but there ben few travaylleth to
come to good lyvynge.' "
Would some of your philological readers give
the name of this feast in the various languages of
Europe, as this might enable us to decide upon
the derivation of the word in our own language.
WM. DENTON.
Anonymous Works (1st S. x. 306.) — I have
heard that Violet, or The Danseuse, was written
by Sir Edward Bulwer Lytton, Bart. ; and that
Nights at Mess, originally published in Black-
wood's Magazine, were not written by the late
Dr. Maginn, but by the Rev. James White,
M. A., subsequently residing in Norfolk or
Somerset. WAHRHEIT.
"Pence a piece," for a penny a piece (2nd S. ii.
66.) — This phrase may sometimes be heard in
Pembrokeshire. I have often been struck with
the manifest inaccuracy of the expression in its
popular sense ; for, if it means anything, it must
mean two pence a piece at least, to satisfy the
grammatical construction ; just as a lease for years,
without saying how many, is a lease for two years.
" Verba ex captu vulgi imponuntur," and we have
here a sample of the loose way in which the captus
vulgi often works. J. W. PHILLIPS.
Haverfordwest.
Gypsum, Bones, Guano (2nd S. i. 374.) — The
use of gypsum, as a manure, was very partially
known until Mayer, a clergyman of Kupferzell,
in the principality of Hohenlohe, in Germany,
noticed it about the middle of the last century in
a correspondence with Count Von der Schulen-
berg, at Hehlen, in the electorate of Hanover, as
having been long in use in the neighbourhood of
Gottingen as a top-dressing for young clover.
Tscheffeli, the zealous Swiss agriculturist, soon
after tried experiments with it, and his success
introduced it very generally into Switzerland,
where it continues to maintain its first reputation.
In the Dumfries and Galloway Courier for
March, 1837, it is stated that around Hull, and in
other parts of England, bones have been used as
a manure for a period of nearly thirty years ; and
it is added, as a curious fact, that while the Scots
have the reputation of being the best farmers in the
world, almost all our great improvements are im-
ported from the sister country. From Hull the
practice travelled to East Lothian, and was for
years so stationary that not a single bushel of the
new manure was seen in the south of Scotland till
1825.
Guano is supposed to have been used as a ma-
nure probably for ages before Peru was visited by
the Spaniards. It is spoken of by Herrera in a
work published at Madrid in 1601 ; in another
work published at Lisbon in 1609. In the time
of the Incas there was so much vigilance in guard-
ing the sea fowl, that during the rearing season
no person was allowed to visit the islands which
they frequented, under pain of death, in order
that they might not be frightened and driven
away from their nests. About the commencement
of 1843, guano was discovered on the island of
Ichaboe, about two miles and a half from the
mainland of Africa. The place soon attracted
notice, and by the end of 1844, nearly the whole
of the guano had been carried away.
WILLIAM BLOOD.
Dublin.
"Rebukes for Sin" (2nd S. ii. 30.)— This book
was written by the celebrated Nonconformist
Thomas Doolittle. JOHN I. DREDGE.
Memorials of former Greatness (2nd S. i. 405.) —
In the parish church of Alnwick, there are also
many banners, gloves, and (I think) spears or
swords, hung up. Also some gloves and wreaths
in the private chapel at Hill Hall, in Essex.
E. E. BYNG.
100
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
[2nd s. NO 31., AUG. 2. '56.
Rev. Charles Hofham (2nd S. ii. 10.) — was a
son of Sir John Hotham, the celebrated governor
of Hull who was beheaded on Tower Hill, by his
second wife, Anne, daughter of Ralph Rokeby,
Esq., of York. He was rector of Wigan, Lan-
cashire, and married Eliz., daughter of Stephen
Thompson of Hambleton, Esq., and from Mm the
present family of Hotham descends.
Socius DUNELM.
"Paraph" (2nd S. i. 373. 420. 481. 521.) —
All the correspondents with " 1ST. & Q." who have
written in answer to my inquiries, as to the diplo-
matic usages of this word, have passed unnoticed
this question.
" As the King of France had his particular paraph, said
to have been a grate, are we to presume that each state
had its own ? "
Vossius on Catullus (quoted by Menage) intro-
duces us to a very different custom, under the
same name, from any that has yet been noticed :
" Qui minio, cocco, et rubrica, libros exornabant,
etiam illi irapaypdfaiv dicebantur. Et hinc est, quod ju-
risconsultorum rubricos PARAGRAPIII aclpellantur."
Q.
Bloomsburv.
NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.
It was well said by Sir Joshua Reynolds, a few months
after the death of Gainsborough, that, " if ever this
nation should produce genius sufficient to acquire to us
the honourable distinction of an English School, the name
of Gainsborough will be transmitted to posterity, in the
history of the Art, among the very first of that rising
name : " yet, high as is the reputation which Gainsborpugh
now enjoys as one of the best as well as earliest masters
of the English School, no biography worthy of his great
tnlents has appeared of him until the present moment.
A small volume, compiled with great care and attention,
at length furnishes the admirers of Thomas Gainsborough
with the particulars of his early strivings after art — his
progress, and ultimate triumph. The Life of Thomas
Gainsborough, ly the fate George William Fulcher, edited
lij his Son, was commenced by one who esteemed it a
privilege to have been born in the same town, educated
at the same school, and loved the same scenes as Thomas
Gainsborough ; he availed himself to the fullest of these
advantages, and, although not spared to complete the
labours which he had so zealously commenced, the
volume has perhaps gained somewhat in interest by
the fact that it is itself a tribute of filial affection. It
does not, however, require this adventitious help to repu-
tation : it has been industriously and honestly worked at,
and we have no doubt will, from its completeness, take a
permanent place among English Art Biographies.
Rogers tells a story, in proof of Robertson's good nature,
of the great historian spreading out a great map of Scot-
land on the floor, and sprawling on his hands and knees
to show him the best routes through the country. There
was then no Black's Picturesque Tourist of Scotland, with
its numerous maps, views, &c. We live in better clays.
The railroad carries us to the North in a few hours, a'nd
when there, thanks to the worthy M.P. for Edinburgh,
we are at no loss to know what is best worth seeing, or
how it may best be seen. No wonder that this year's
edition of this most useful guide should bear on its'title-
page the recognition of its merits implied bv the words,
« Twelfth Edition."
The new number of The North British Review is a very
pleasant one. The articles on the Ottoman Empire, the
Crimean Campaign (a series of corrections of the French
mis-statements), and on the Annexation of Oude, will
interest the politician. The religious reader will peruse
with interest those on Christian Missions, and the Martyrs
and Heroes of Holland. There is a good article on the
Microscope for the scientific, while the literary papers
— on the life of Perthes, the Literary Tendencies of
France, and the Life and Times of Samuel Rogers, — give
an agreeable variety to the number.
BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES
WANTED TO PURCHASE.
Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct to
the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and ad-
dresses are given for that purpose :
SOME REMARKS ON HAMLET, PRINCE OP DENMARK. 8vo. London,
1736.
MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS ON THB TRAGEDY OP HAMLET. 8vo.
London, 1752.
AN ESSAY ON THE LEARNING OP SHAKSPEARE. By Dr. Fanner. 1821.
AN E-SAY ON THE CHARACTER OP HAMLET AS PERFORMED BY MR.
HKNDERSON. 8vo. No date.
A PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS AND ILLUSTRATION OP SOME OF SHAKSPEARE'S
DRAMATIC CHARACTERS. [By Win. Richardson.] Latest Edition.
ESSAYS ON RICHARD III., &c. By Wm. Richardson. 12mo. London,
ESSAY ON THE CHARACTER OF HAMLET. By the Rev. T. Robertson.
4to. London, 1788.
OnsKRVATioNs ON HAMLET. By James Plumtre. 8vo. Cambridge,
1796, and the Appendix. 8vo. London, 1797.
ULRICI'S SHAKSPEARE'S DRAMATIC ART. English Translation.
W. S. LANDOR'S WORK ON SHAKSPEARK (?)
HAZLITT'S CHARACTERS OF SHAKSPEARE'S PLAYS. 1838.
Wanted by Z. A. If., Post Office, Dartmouth Row, Blackheath.
ENGLAND'S FORGOTTEN WORTHIES.
Wanted by J. W. //., Islington Literary Society.
LADY JANE GREY.
FAIR ROSAMOND.
ROYSTON GOWEH.
RURAL SKETCHES.
All by Thos. Miller, Basket-Maker.
Also Vols. VIII. and X. of ELIZA COOK'S JOURNAL.
Wanted by Tkos. Riley, Bookseller, 2. Old Millgatc, Manchester.
ta
Amoiirj other valuable communications which we are compelled to post-
/tone until ni-.rt ircek is an, iitcdited letter bi/ Gustavus AdolphlU in favour
of Patrick Ruthven, and a most admirable Oxford Jeu d'iisprii of the
beginning of the last century.
We are reminded of an inaccuracy in the account of the family of
Athenian Stuart in our faif number. The "jine boi/ " at Jfr. Barney's
i,<,art/i,t!i-scli<>o( wax John, (ieonje Jlardimje Stuart, n://o ir<(ssub.<c//uently
a tnidsliipma n. in the lional .\'ar//, and died, of the yellow fever, at Mar-
tini</iie, in the. ll'est Indies, in the //ear 1800. Lieut. James Stuart, It. JV.,
nmv lirin;/, was a i>ost/nim<j!>* child, born April 13. 1783, shortly after the
death of /its father.
Answers to other Correspondents in our next.
INDEX TO THE FIRST SERIES. As this is now published, and the im-
pr< -ssion.is a limited one, such of our readers as desire copies would do
veil to intimate, their icish to their 'respective booksellers without delay.
Our publishers, Mrssiis. BELL & DALDY, will forward copies by post on
receipt of a Post Office Order for Fire Shillings.
" NOTES AND QUERIES " is published at noon on Friday, so that tJie
Cm/ ni n/ Hook-sellers man recc.ire Copies in. that night's parcels, and
deliver' them to their Subscribers on the Saturday.
"NOTES AND QUERIES" is also issued in Monthly Parts, for the, con-
venience of those irho may either hare. a. difficulty in. procuring the un-
stainjicd. weekhi X umbers, or prefer receiving it monthly. While parties
resident in the country or abroad, u-lio maybe desirous of receiving the
veek/i/ Ximibers, may have stanived copies forwarded direct from the
1'nliljshc.r. The. subscription for the. stamped edition of " NOTES AND
QUERIES " (inclvding a very coj//<»is Jnde.r) is i-leren shillings and four-
pence for six months, which inai/ be paid by Post Office Order, drawn in
favour of the Publisher, MR. GEO'ROB BELL, No. 186. Fleet Street.
. N° 32., AUG. 9. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
101
LONDON, SATURDAY, AUGUST 9, 185G.
INEDITED LETTER OF GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS IN
BEHALF OF PATRICK RUTHVEN.
Such of our readers as are Fellows of the So-
ciety of Antiquaries remember, we have no doubt,
the valuable illustrations of the History of the
Knthven Family contributed by Mr. Bruce to the
Archceologia, vol. xxxiv., founded on documents
tvhich had been unearthed from our various Re-
cord Offices by the persevering and well-directed
zeal of Colonel Stepney Cowell, a present repre-
sentative of the last male descendant of that most
unhappy family.
To the kindness of Colonel Cowell we are now
indebted for the opportunity of bringing before
them a document recently discovered by him in
the State Paper Office, which document will be
read with great interest, recording as it does the
friendly intercession of Gustavus Adolphus with
Charles I. in behalf of Patrick Ruthven ; and we
shall be well pleased indeed, if its publication in
these columns should be the means of bringing to
light any evidence as to the results of the exertions
so earnestly made by the Swedish monarch, that
Patrick Ruthven "might obtain the splendour of
his ancient house, and maintain the place and
dignity of his ancestors."
u Gustavus Adolphus, by the Grace of God King
of Sweeden."
"Most excellent and most mightie Prince,
Our most deare brother, Cousin and friend.
" Your Mag* hath giuen us just occasion to re-
joyce at, your frendship, hauing upon Our inter-
cession made by Our Counseller and Ambassr
Gabriel Oxenstern some Two years agoe, in. the
behalf of your subict Partrig Ruthuen, promised
for our sake to restore him to his former condi-
tion. Therefore understanding that y* Mae being
mindful of that intercession, hath not only ad-
mitted the said jftuthuen into Your presence, but
also permitted him to kisse your kinglie hand, and
giuen him further hope withall, to obtaine his
former hereditarie hono™, We could not but giue
you many thanks.
"Now for as much as he hath his hope upon
the mutuall frendship and good correspondence
as passet.h betweine Your Maje an Us, thereby to
attaine Your full grace, and to obtaine the spleri-
dor of his auncient house, and to maintaine the
place and dignitie of his Ancesto", We againe
entreat Your Mae most kindly to vouchsaf, as he
has allready felt a good foundation by the pre-
mices of our request, so also that now he may
perceiue, upon this our reiterated intercession,
such an encrease of Yor grace, that at the last he
may be bound unto Yor Mae for ever for an ac-
complishm*, and as it were for a new Life, by
Yor munificence bestowed on his familie. And
we assure Your Mae that whatsoever he shall re-
ceiue hereupon of grace and faur, That We will
so accept of, that We ourselves will endaur upon
each occasion to deserue it. And he and his
Whole familie shall without doubt for euer ac-
knowledge Yor grace by all thankfulnes, praise,
obedience, and service, &c. Giuen in our Camp
at Worrndit, 1 Octob. 1627.
" The King of Sweeden unto his most exc.
Mae in the behalf of Pardrig Ruthen,
that he may enjoy the former lion"
and dighitie of his predecess8, & Oc-
tober, 1627."
(Charles 1st, Rex.)
AN OXFORD SQUIB.
In rummaging the old family papers of a neigh-
bouring "Country Squire," I lately found a large
collection of literary MSS., in quantity and quality
amply sufficient to vindicate the ancestry of my
friend from the charge of ignorance and boorish
habits brought by a brilliant writer against the
country squires of a former age. During my
search the following pasquinade turned up. As
you have invited contributions of university
squibs, I do not hesitate to send it you; for nei-
ther in classical Latinity nor racy humour is it
inferior to any that have yet appeared in your
columns. There are evidently many sly and
happy hits at personal character and history to
which we need the key, though they almost tell
their own tale. All Souls, as usual in more mo-
dern days, comes in for its full share of envious
satire. It will be seen that the squib is in the
form of a letter, assumed to be written by Ma-
thew Hole, rector of Exeter College, a divine of
some eminence, to Sir Hans Sloane, with an ac-
count of the reception given by the university to
a Norwegian owl presented to them by the great
naturalist.
As to its date. Sir Hans Sloane was elected
President of the College of Physicians in 1719;
Bernard Gardiner was Warden of All Souls from
1702 to 1726. Between 1719 and 1726, then, this
effusion was put forth.
I send it literatim as I find it ; though there are
a few palpable clerical errors, whixjh I have been
almost tempted to correct. • L. B. L.
Viro insignissimo necnon Patrono ae Benefactori immifi-
centissimo Domino Hans Sloane, Eguiti aurato Collegii
medicorum inter Londinenses Praesidi, &fc.
" Domine,
"Bubonern Norvegensem, pignus amoris tui, avem
perraram perpulchramque, in quam tota stupet Academia,
laeti accepimus incolumem ac sanam. Per me igitur
102
NOTES AND QUERIES.
S. NO 32., AUG. 9. '56,
gratias quam maximas rependit Venerabilis Domus Con-
vocationis, quae mihi in mandata dedit ut gratias hasce
celeriter et sine mora rependerem, ne ingrati animi nota
inureretur nobis, neve ignorare videamur quanti pretii
tarn insigne beneficium aastimari debet.
" Edwardus Whistler, legatus academicus, mihique con-
sanguineus (utpote uxor illius eandem matrem, lijet di-
versum patrem, cum mea uxore jactat) jussu meo ad
vicum rusticum, vulgo vocatum Wheatly, fecit iter, ut
ibi praestolaretur adventum Bubonis, eamque ad Oxoniam
deduceret prima nocte, sine ullo tubarum aut Tympa-
norum strepitu, et, si fieri potuit, private fallentique
modo: Cavere enim necesse esse duxi, ut nullam moles-
tiam facesserent Reginae avium vel lascivi Juvenes vel
profanum Vulgus ; utque nihil accideret per quod fieret
publicae perturbatio pacis, pulsante Thoma Clusio, ipse
cum caeteris Collegiorum praefectis primum salutavimus
Bubonem in hospitio meo. Avem discumbere fecimus
super mollem lecticam juxta focillum, in eodem lecto
quotidie requiescit, somno ac cibo potuque parum indi-
gene, et vitam agens vere collegialem.
Postero die quam Bubo est in gremium Almae Matris
Academiss recepta, convenerunt apud Golgotha singuli
Collegiorum ac Aularum praefectus, ut novo hospiti hos-
pitium assignarent, deliberarentque qualem victum cul-
tumque prsestare ei par esset.
"In hoc venerabili concessu ipse pro more primus surrexi
et sequentia verba feci.
" Insignissimi Doctores, Vosque egregii Procuratores.
" Est mihi placens uxor, sunt etiam quamplurima mu-
nera a me volente, nolente, obeunda, quaa atram caliginem
obducunt diei, quaa noctes insomnes reddunt. Quando-
quidem ita se res habet, etiam atque etiam a vobis,
Fratres fraterrimi, rogo, ut Bubo, quge mihi « sollicitaa
jucunda oblivia vitae ' suppeditabit, quaeque curis domes-
ticis gravatae innocuum movebit risum, et, me absente,
meas vices gerat, ut haac optatissima Bubo, inquam,
inter domesticos meos adsciscatur, mihique perpetuus fiat
hospes; Verumenimvero si huic venerando Coetui secus
statuere in hac re visum fuerit, tamen sorte meS, con-
tentus abibo, memet paratum praestabo publicaa voci
assentiri, atque viris parere quorum sententia nunquam
sort.ilegis discrepuit Delphi's.
"Sic fatus resedebatn, et protinus 'Ds Dr Delaune,
reverendus Sancti Johannis Baptiste prases surrexit,
dixitque.
" Insignissirne Vice Cancellarie.
"De via recta devius aberras : non ea mens, non id
propositum fuit a Domino H. Sloane, ut Bubo senesceret
ad instar fratris nostri Matthei Hole, intra Collegii pa-
rietes, donee procumberet a Lethi jactu ictus ; sed data
est avis ut enecaretur, coquereturque, nobisque exquisi-
tissimas praeberet dapes. Mihi enim credite (vel si fides
mihi parum sit adhibenda) credite Plinio, qui in Natural
sua historia aperte profitetur carnem Bubonis esse sapore
praastantissimum, et omni alii cibo longe anteponendum.
" Crastino igitur die iterum conveniamus apud hospitia
Domini Vice Cancellarii, ibique assata bubone epulemur
et saluti Domini Hans Sloane propinemus Gallicurr
Vinum eo modo quo par est, vel potius sine ullo modo ve
mensura.
" Domino Doctori Delaune respondit Dominus Docto:
Dobson Collegii Trinitatis Prases laudatissimus, et se
quentem orationem habuit.
" Non assentior tibi Domine Doctor ; est enim adagium
satis notum, ' si me ames, ama etiam canem meum ; '
quod si canis est magistri gratia amandus, ita debe;
ratiocinari. Si colis Dominum H. Sloane colenda est
etiam Bubo ejus; jam vero si pectore homicidali avem
mactemus et devoremus, ipse Dominus Hans Sloane me
uat ne eadem sors ei contingat, si quando intra limites
icademiae fuerit deprehensus. Quocirck ab hoc sanguino-
ento proposito vestras cohibete manus, et aliquod melius
nter nos ineamus Consilium.
" Relapso in sedem suam Dominus Doctor Dobson, sese
ad eloquendum accinxit D" Dr Holland Collegii Merton-
nsis Gustos, atque ita est exorsus.
" Si quid est in me ingenii, Judices, quod vos scntitis
quam sit exiguum, aut si quae exercitatio dicendi in qua
me non inficior mediocriter esse versatum, earum rerum
omnium vel in primis haec Bubo fructum a me repetere
prope suo jure debet. In medium igitur proferam quod
mens in pectoribus suadet in hoc solenni negotio esse
faciendum, quodque et vobis et toti academies (cui Deus
sit semper propitius) maxime in Glorias et Laudis pereni-
tatem cedat. Hortum Botannicum supereminent aedes in
hospitium Professoris nostri Botannici exstructse, quae
amaenum hunc Hortum, omni genere leguminis olerisque
consitum, grato et ridenti aspectant vultu. In hisce
aedibus cohabitet Bubo, una cum Botannico Professore,
qui ave (quod absit) aegrotante, ei opem praesentem ferat,
reducatque ad integram sanitatem arte sua vere Apol-
linea. Ne vero Professor ipse, qui Bubonis curae nullo non
tempore totus vacabit, damnum vel minimum sentiat in
praxi medicinali, solvatur ei obolus quadransve a singulis
qui Bubonem visendi causa Botannicum frequentabunt
hortum. Huic larga excrescent emolumenta quaa egregii
Professoris fidelitatem et curam abunde remunerabunt
suppeditabuntque non solum et illi et Buboni victum
competentem, verum etiam quicquid horum animantium
desiderat Vita.
" Hanc orationem vix peroraverat D8 Dr Holland, cum
D' Dr Gardner Collegii Omnium Animarum Gustos emi-
nentissimus valde mutatus de sede prosiluit, et hasce
iratas voces contra Hollandum projecit.
"Tace Circuliuncule, tace inquam, Ego assatam Bu-
bonem comedere cum D. Delaune mallem, vel crudam et
plumatam avem protinus deglutire quam cum fatuo Doc-
tore Holland suffragari ut Bubo apud Hortum Botannicum
asservetur ibique publicum spectaculum fiat ; Nemo enim
nescit socios meos ea esse ignava atque nugaci indole
proaditos, ut si perpetuus ingressus pateret, perpetui eva-
derent Buboni Comites. In sacello ita, nee non in Biblio-
theca ac in toto Collegio meo foret infrequentia summa,
rueret Disciplina, ruerent Exercitia, ruerent Artes; at
tales minas avertat Ccclum, aut haec mea avertet Dextra.
" Sic fatus anhelans recumbit surrexitque D9 Dr Gibson
Collegii Regalis Praepositus acutissimus qui haec enea. w
poevra. irpoa-evSa.
" D' Dr Gardner !
"Quare tarn iracundus, tarn ferox, et tarn contumeliosus
es in bonum nostrum fratrem Dr Hollandum? profecto
tuus vultus magis rabidus et magis truculentus apparet,
quam caput apri illius quern pauper puer de meo collegio
trucidavit decollavitque unico armatus Aristotelis libro —
Dico autem tibi, quod ni tu malus esses Gubernator,
nullam causam haberes trepidandi de sociis tuis. Sis tu
igitur mihi similis, et tui socii erunt similes meis, quos
libere permittam Bubonem visere toties quoties volunt.
" Ad haec verba raptim surrexit Dominus Doctor Gard-
ner, etlaevamanu prehenso Domini Doctoris Gibson jugulo,
dextra comminuisset eum, ni Bedellus Theologiae eo in-
stanti intrasset, narrassetque Bubonem ita male se habere,
ut respueret Escam e manibus uxoris mese. Hoc audito
singuli Praefectus festinantes domum se receperunt ut
quisque a Collegio suo ablegaret medicum qui aegrotae
Buboni opem pro viribus ferret. Ipse vero, monitu Doc-
toris Skippen, aequm esse censui ad te de rebus hodie inter
nos gestis scriptitare, simulque humiliter petere ut nobis
quamprimum praacipias quid in hisce arduis negotiis
agendum sit. Hoc igitur in praecordiis persuasum habe
2"d S. NO 32., AUG. 9.
NOTES AND QUERIES.
103
me paratissimum esse tua exequi mandata, et memet
prastare nullo non tempore cum omni cultu et grati-
tudine. Tuum servum fidelissinaum humillimum."
PREMATURE INTERMENTS, ETC.
The twenty-three years' experience of the
worthy gravedigger of Bath (see "N. & Q.,"
1st S. viii. 6. 205.), to the effect thatjin the course
of decomposition the face of every individual turns
to the earth, proves too much for the supposition,
which, had the instances been less universal,
might have been held sufficiently explanatory,
that premature interments, the result of undue
haste and culpable carelessness or ignorance as to
the true signs of fleath, had been the cause of the
phenomenon. Newspaper paragraphs, headed
"Buried alive!" appear at intervals sufficiently
brief to keep the frightful possibility of such an
occurrence vivid in the imagination ; and the his-
toric cases in proof are too numerous and well-
authenticated to need citation or inquiry. The
ancients, as is well known, instituted their con-
clamatio, and other precautions to prevent this
most horrible of fates, and all tourists are aware
of the careful provisions made at the present day
in the cemeteries of Germany to avoid the possi-
bility of premature interment. The tender Juliet
soliloquises :
« How, if when I am laid into the tomb
I wake .....
. there's a fearful point ! "
and how prevalent is such a fear we may gather
from the number of the instances in which men
have requested, that, before the last offices are
done for them, such wounds or mutilations should
be inflicted upon their bodies, as should effectually
prevent the possibility of an awakening in the
tomb. So in the case of a well-known antiquary
and lover of books :
" The late Francis Douce requested in his will, that. Sir
Anthony Carlisle, the surgeon, should sever his head from
his body, or take out his heart, to prevent the return of
vitality. His old friend, and co-residuary legatee, Mr.
Kerrick, had also requested the same operation to be per-
formed in the presence of his son." — T. F. Dibdin's Lit.
Hem., vol. ii. p. 777.
In France especially, premature interments
seem to have been formerly startlingly numerous,
and the subject has at times excited great in-
terest. Bruhier has collected and classified no
less than 180 cases, many of which were doubtless
attributable to hospital negligence. Twenty years
ago M. Manni, Professor in the University at
Rome, placed the sum of 1500 francs at the dis-
posal of the Academy of Sciences, for the best
treatise on the signs of death, and the means to
prevent premature interment. This premium was
not adjudicated till 1846, when the following me-
moir was considered to merit its bestowal :
"Traite' des Signes de la Mort, et des Moyens de
prevenir les Enterrements prematures. Par E. Bouchut.
Paris : Bailliere, 1849."
This is the best treatise we have on the subject.
A well written little book has more recently ap-
peared :
" The Medical Aspects of Death : and the Medical As-
pects of the Human Mind. By James Bower Harrison,
&c. London : 12mo., 1852." '
For the behoof of those who may take an in-
terest in this horrible subject, and wish to investi-
gate it for themselves, I append the titles of a few
volumes in my collection :
" Garmanni (L. C. F.) de Miraculis Mortuorum, lib. iii.
quibus praemissa Dissertatio de Cadavere et Miraculis in
Genere, Opus physico-medicum. 4to. Dresden, 1709."
"The Uncertainty of the Signs of Death, and the
Danger of Precipitate Interments and Dissections De-
monstrated, &c. 2nd ed. London, 12mo., 1751."
"Observations on Apparent Death from Drowning,
Hanging, Suffocation by Noxious Vapours, Fainting Fits,
Intoxication, Lightning, Exposure to Cold, &c. By
James Curry, M.D., &c. London, Svo., 1815."
" The Danger of Premature Interment proved from
many remarkable Instances of Persons who have recovered
after being laid out for Dead. By Joseph Taylor. 12mo.
1816."
"The Thesaurus of Horror; or the Charnel-House Ex-
plored ! ! Being an Historical and Philanthropical In-
quisition made for the quondam Blood of its Inhabitants !
By a contemplative descent into the untimely grave!
Shewing, by a number of awful facts that have transpired,
as well as from philosophical inquiry, the reanimating
power of Fresh Earth in cases of Syncope, &c., and the
extreme criminality of hasty Funerals : with the surest
method of escaping the ineffable horrors of Premature In-
terment ! ! The frightful Mysteries of the ADark Ages
laid open, &c. By John Smart, $tAai'0pw7ros. London :
8vo. 1817."
Reference may also be made to the following :
" Encyclopaedia Londinensis : sub voc. ' Mausoleum,'
and ' Reanimation.' "
"Diet, de Medicine et de Chirurgie. Art. 'Inhuma-
tions precipitees.' "
" Reports of the Royal Humane Society for 1787-8-9,
p. 77."
" Collet's Relics of Literature, p. 186."
" Granger's Biog. Hist, of England, vol. i. p. 330."
I cannot more appropriately conclude than by
the transcription, from a magazine cutting, of a
story, cognate in horror and mystery with that
alluded to at the commencement of the present
paper ; soliciting the elucidatory remarks of the
readers of " N. & Q." thereto.
" Horrible Phenomena. — It is not generally known,
that in Barbadoes there is a mysterious vault, in which
no one now dares to deposit the dead : it is in a church-
yard near the sea-side. In 1807, the first coffin that was
deposited in it was that of a Mrs.Goddard; in 1808, a
Miss A. M. Chase was placed in it ; and in 1812, Miss D.
Chase. In the end of 1812, the vault was opened for the
body of the Hon. T. Chase ; but the three first coffins
were found in a confused state, having been apparently
tossed from their places. Again was the vault opened to
receive the body of an infant, and the four coffins, all of
104
NOTES ANP QUEBIES.
N° 32., AUG. 9. '564
Jead. and very heavy, were found much disturbed. In
1816, a Mr. Brewster's body was placed jn the vault, and
again great disorder was apparent among the coffins^ In
1819, a Mr. Clarke was placet in the vault; and, as be-
fore, the cpffins were in confusion. Each time that the
vault was opened, the coffins were replaced in their proper
situations : that is, three on the ground, side by sid^e, and
the others laid on them. The vault was then regularly
closed ; the door (a massive stone, which required six or
seven men to move) was cemented by masons ; and
though the floor was of sand, there were no marks of
footsteps or water. Again the vault was ppened ir) 1819.
Lord Combermere was then'present; and the coffins were
found thrown confusedly about the vault — spme with
the heads down, and others up. « What could have occa-
sioned this phenomenon? In no other vault in the island
has this ever occurred. Was it an earthquake which oc-
casioned it, or the effects of an inundatjon in the vault ? '
These were the questions asked by a Barbadoes journal at
the time, and no one could afford a solution.
" The matter gradually died away, until the present
year, whep, on the 16th qf February, the vault was again
opened, and all the coffins were found thrown about as
confusedly as before. A strict investigation took place,
and no cause could be discovered. Was it, after all, that
the sudden bursting forth of noxious gas from one of the
coffins could have produced the phenomena? If so, it is
against all former experience. The vault has been her-
metically sealed again — when to be re-opened we cannot
tell.
" In England there was a parallel occurrence tp this,
some years ago, at Haunton in Suffolk. It is stated, that
on opening a vault there, several leaden coffins, with
wooden cases, which had been fixed on biers, were found
displaced, to the great consternation of the villagers. The
coffins were again placed as beforehand the vault properly
closed, when again another of the family dying, they
were a second time found displaced ; and two years after
that, they were not only found all off their biers, but one
coffin (so heavy as to require eight men tp raise it) was
found on the fourth step which led down to the vaults,
and it seemed perfectly certain that no human hand had
done this."
Birmingham.
WILLIAM BATES.
QTJISQUILIN^ L1TERARO3 LONDINENSES.
Under this name, an unique and extraordinary
collection has been here J.ately formed. Its ra-
tionale was the following : — Since the year 1838,
England has gone through a number of political
and societary revulsions, which in some eases
assumed an important character — for instance, the
storming of the soldiers' station at Monmouth ; the
extempore, procession of 40,000 London proletaires
in the night of June 29, 1848. These and similar
facts implied an analogous motion and convulsion
of the public mind : this again became typified
and pourtrayed in a number of flying leaves, pam-
phlets, and journals, all of the same ephemeral
character as the deecls to which they led hitherto.
Still, they all also form
" The very age and body of the time, his form and
pressure."
Hence, therefore, it had seemed advisable tp
collect these strange mementos of the time, otker-
wise irretrievably lost. Even the titles of some of
them are remarkable : The Atheist and Republican !
a penny periodical, the few numbers of which
were probably published by some deluded journey-
man who thought that he had discovered these
mystic words of history. The late W. Hethering-
ton (formerly of the Strand) delighted in such
deep issues, by which also he became a bankrupt.
The number of Social (Owenite) and Chartist pub-
licatiops and leaves is legion — all which seemed
to be built on sand. To say at least 100,0007.
must have been, spent in 1839 seqq. in journals like
The Working Mans Friend, The Charter, frc. ;
some of wb/ich, like The London Dispatch, were
large weeklies, in folio, f he late line of policy of
not prosecuting such publications has done them
a deal of harm • and some of them contain pas-
sages which we would not venture to reprint here.
On an equally untenable foundation rest the anti-
religious, atheistic publications of that period —
The Oracles of Reason — which only establish the
fact, that in a huge community every creed and
sentiment will have its abettors, and therefore
organs. The collection also contains specimens
of all sorts of exploded journals and periodicals, a
great many in numbers (!) ; data, however, for
the history of the periodical press of England at
that time. Although I have given to the collection
a bad name, yet the QuisquilincB Liieraria Lqn-
dinenses will be a fertile source for the searchers
into the mind of the English and London people
at the period referred to ; in fine, whatever might
have been right in those exertions, will expand in
future, according to the axiom of the younger
Coleridge :
" Whatever is to be— fa"
DR. J. LQTSKY.
15. Gower Street, London.
P.S. — A collection of the Vienna Revolution
prints of 1848 and 1849, containing some very
scarce street lampoons, has been purchased by the
Berlin Library.
WILL OF RICHARP LINGARP.
The following will may probably be interesting
to some of the renders of "N. & Q." The tes-
tator was a man of learning and reputation, and
his testament is an extremely curious document.
It was proved in the Registry at York.
" Testawentupt Richardi Lingard nuper tfe Ristnore in
regno Jlibernice.
!' The plate and furniture of the Chamber, and six score
poupds jn money, as jtt becomes due, J bequeath tp my
sister; and the remnant of that I bequeath to myselfe.
For the recovery of my right I appoint Captaine Nicholas,
Sir Francis Brewster. I desire to be buried where the
parish of St. Andrewe's shall appoint. I desire the hun-
dred pounds lyeing in the hands of Sir Francis Brewster
to be left in th<? hands of the executors pf whpme he,e
2«i S. N° 32., Alia. 9. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
105
is one. I desire that the senior fellowes of the Colledge
shall have nipurneing rings. Mr. Clarke of Clarindon
House, my Lord of Ormond's servant, to have twenty
pounds as a legacy, and what I owe him to be paid.
Fifty pound I leave Mr. Roberts. I recommend my ser-
vant Arthur to tlie Deane of Corke's desjgnes. I desire
ihy Lord Chancellor for the recovery of those arreares.
I desire that twenty of my choicest bookes may be given
to the library. The rest I desire my executors to dis-
pose, but that my cozen John Pinsent shall chuse a
third part. My watch and thirty pounds to be given
to Mr. Story. To my servant Arthur twenty pounds
and mourning ; and to Patrick tenn pounds and mourn-
ing. I desire that Mr. Ward may be joined with Mr.
Styles in the disposeing of my bookes. I desire that
Mr. Crookes be paid, and to have a mourneing ring. I
forgive Patricke Sheridan and William Sheridan, the
Deanes pf Dome (Deny or Dromore?) and Corke, if ever
I did them any injury.
" The Goods. — A rent due to mee in Cumberland
(vizt.) a tenement in the Island sold to George William-
son, the whole summe of one hundred and seaventy five ;
of which I received forty five. I beleive some money is
due to mee in Cornett D'eanes hand. I desire my notes to
be perused by Dr. Styles, and not above six of my
sermons to be used, the rest to be burned. I bequeath to
the Provest twenty pounds, as a symbole of my love.
Twenty pounds to his Lady. I trust my man Arthur in
the setting downe pf these partipulers, and I allow this to
be my hasty will.
" Hi. LIKGARD, November the 10th, 1670."
The extraordinary character of this document
may be, perhaps, accounted for by $he fpUqwing
memorandum which, is appended to the will :
" Memorandum, that Mr. Joice Scale and Arthur Brinan,
wittnesses produced, swprne, and examined, in a cause
depending in his Majesties Court pf Prerogative concern-
ing the profe of the last will and testament of Dr. Richard
Lingard, in speciall forme of law did depose that Dr.
Henry Stiles was nominated by the said Dr. Richard Lin-
gard one of his executors, but his name was not inserted
in the said will by reason of the hast and negligence p.f
the said Arthur Brinan whoe did write the said will."
SOCIUS DUNELM.
The @reat Comet of 1556. — The great comet
of 1556, the probable return of which in the
course of the present summer, had been predicted
by Paul Fabricius, and more recently by Hel-
ler, the N'urnberg astronomer, as shown by DR.
LOTSKY in the last volume of " N. & Q." (2nd S.
i. 272. 391.) would seem by The Times of Aug. 5,
to have made its re-appearance. In the paper of
that day is a long extract from the Limerick Ob-
server of the preceding Saturday, from which the
following extract seems to me to deserve trans-
ferring to your columns :
" A gentleman qf the highest respectability has just
informed us that he saw lasf, night, for the third time,
what appears from his description to be the long-ex-
pected comet of 1556, the re-appearance of which this
year has been so long foretold; astronomers, however,
guarding their calculations by the proviso that a differ-
ence of three years might possibly occur, although there
was every reason to expect that the great comet, which
takes three centuries to complete its orbit, would be
visible about the month of August 18">6. Our informant
thus describes the object which attracted his attention for
the first time last Wednesday night : — He was standing
near the salmon- weir, on the platform before the mills of
Corbally, about half past 10 o'clock, whe.n his attention
was attracted by what appeared to be a fire rising on the
top of Keeper mountain, due east of his position. He
remarked the object to a gentleman who was with him,
but, as the fire rose and cleared the top of the mountain,
his friend suggested that it must be a lantern suspended
to a kite. It had then the appearance of a globe of fire
as large as a good-sized orange, with a broad tail of light
extending about 18 inches from the body. The two
gentlemen watched it for an hour, and the watchman on
the weir observed it also. Qn Thursday night they all
saw it again. It rose a few moments later, presenting
the same appearances, and was high in the heavens at
half-past 1J. o'clock, when, they went home. At that
hour one of the gentlemen pointed it out to his sister.
Last night, from the same place, the same persons again
saw it rise about 20 minutes before 11 o'clock, and then it
first occurred to one of them (our informant) that it
might be a comet. He ceased to watch it about midnight,
but the watchman observed it up to half-past 1 o'clock
this morning. It did not seem so large as on the previpus
nights, but still far exceeded the most brilliant form in
which the planet Jupiter has ever been beheld. As the
greatest comet on record is really due about this time,
and as the extreme sultriness of the weather would seem
to warrant the belief that such a celestial visitor is near
at hand, we shall be glad to hear if any other persons
have observed the appearance which/ has thrice risen
upon our astonished friends."
R. R. S.
" Deep-mp.ufyed" — I have heard many profane
readers of f)a,n Juan despant with rapture on the
beauty o^the lines (pantq 1, y. J23.) :
<? ?Tis sweet to hear the watch- dog's honest bark,
Bay deep-mouthed welcome as we draw near home."
The epithet deep-mouthed, as applied to the
watch-dog's bark of welcome, being especially
designated as " fine." And fine it is ; but Pyron
found it in Shakspeare and in Goldsmith, and I
dare say in many places else :
# And couple Clowder with the deep-mouthed brach."
Taming of the Shrew, Introduction, Sc. 1.
" The laborers of the day -were all retired to rest: the
lights were out in every cottage 5 no sounds were heard
but of the shrilling cock, and the deep-rmouthed watch-
dog at hollow distance." — Vicar of Wakefald, ch. :xxj|.
A JpEsufTQRT READER.
Last Words of the Great. — A collection of the
last words of great and famous men would, I ven-
ture to suggest, be interesting, and not unfit for
the pages of «' N. & Q." I beg to annex a few
such dying speeches, each eminently characteristic,
it will be seen, of the several men i
" Head of the army." (Napoleon.)
<f I must sleep now." (Byron.)
" Let the light enter." (Goethe.)
« 1 thank God I have done my duty." (Nelson.)
106
NOTES AND QUEBIES.
NO 32., AUG. 9. '56.
« It is well." (Washington.)
" Valete et Plaudite ! " (Augustus.)
" Give Dayrolles a cha*rJ" (Chesterfield.)
" It matters little how the head lieth." (Raleigh.)
" I'm shot if I don't believe I'm dying." (Thurlow.)
" God preserve the Emperor ! " (Haydn.)
"Be serious." (Grotius.) .' 'fT*
" The artery ceases to beat." (Haller.)
" What, is there no bribing Death ? " (Cardinal Beau-
fort.)
"I have loved God, my father, and liberty." (De
Stael.)
" I pray you, see me safe up, and for my coming down,
let me shift for myself." (Sir Thomas More.)
"Don't let that awkward squad fire over my grave."
(Burns.)
" A dying man can do nothing easy." (Franklin.)
" Let me die to the sounds of delicious music." (Mira-
beau.)
" We are all going to heaven, and Vandyke is of the
company." (Gainsborough.)
Some of your correspondents, I have no doubt,
could greatly enlarge this collection. H. E. W.
York.
A Real " Skimpole" — The tales of Charles
Dickens are distinguished for queer characters
with queer names. Some of his critics have said
that such names and such characters never ex-
isted. However, in a former number of " N". &
Q.," * an attempt was made to trace the cogno-
mina of some of the Pickwickians to a book of a
very different kind, the Annual Register.
If it be true that the novelist borrows his proper
names from books, may he not be indebted to the
same sources for at least the elements of his
characters ? In reading Marmontel's Memoirs,
I have stumbled upon what seems to me the very
prototype of Harold Skimpole in Bleak House.
The biographer is describing a pair of worthies
called Galet and Panard. Of the latter he says :
" Le bon homme Panard, aussi insouciant que son ami,
aussi oublieux du passe et negligent de 1'avenir, avoit
plutot dans son infortune la tranquillite d'un enfant, que
1'indifFerence d'un philosophe. Le soin de se nourrir, de
se loger, de se vetir, ne le regardoit point : c'etoit Paffaire
de ses amis, et il en avoit d'assez bons pour meriter cette
contiance," &c. — Memoires de Marmontel, livre vi.
'All he (Skimpole) asked of society was to let him live.
That wasn't much. His wants were few. Give him the
papers, conversation, music, mutton, coffee, landscape,
fruit in the season, a few sheets of Bristol-board, and a
little claret, and he asked no more. He was a mere child
in the world, but he did not cry for the moon. He said
to the world, ' go your several ways in peace, .... only
let Harold Skimpole live ! '
" All this, and a great deal more, he told us with a
certain vivacious candour, speaking of himself as if it were
not at all his own affair," &c. — Bleak House, pp. 49, 50.
F.
Passage in " The Widkirk Miracles" — In The
History of Dramatic Poetry, Mr. Collier quotes
that remarkable farce which forms the twelfth
* 1" S. xi. 443.
pageant of the Widkirk Series of Miracles at con-
siderable length, and helps the reader by eluci-
datory notes. In the course of the play the
following passage occurs :
" Whilk catell bot this
Tame nor wylde
None, as have I blys,
As lowde as hesmylde."
To which Mr. Collier appends this note :
" This is one of the expressions I am unable to inter-
pret. Possibly we should read « as lewde as he smelde,'
i. e. as wicked as he smelt.' "
May not the following provincialism throw some
light on this obscure phrase ? Something more
than a month ago, I overheard part of a conver-
sation in a street of a midland town. The inter-
locutors were labourers; and their subject, the
one theme of the day, Palmer's trial. The one
having dwelt upon the difficulties of conviction,
the other replied: "I'll never believe he's not
guilty; his life stinks aloud of murder." I at
once thought of this passage, and made a note for
reference, having never before heard the phrase
used in this manner ; although " aloud" is the ad-
verb generally used by the uneducated of this
district to strengthen very emphatically the verb
" to stink."
I suppose the line quoted to be correct as it
stands, "lowde" being the true reading. And in
accordance with the first use of the words, the
passage would mean " strong as were the suspi-
cions attending Mak's conduct, he does not appear
to be guilty." Or accepting the more common,
and less metaphorical use of the phrase, " though
the smell of slaughtered meat in Mak's cottage
was very strong," we can't find any. C. M.
Leicester.
Dr. Forster on Periodical Meteors. — Can you
find space for the following extract from The
Times of Tuesday the 5th ? It forms a part of a
letter calling the attention of astronomers and
meteorologists to the probability that Sunday
next, the 10th August, will be marked by an un-
usual number of those remarkable meteors wLich
caused that day to be called " dies meteorosa " in
the old calendars ; and records the writer's cor-
rection of what he believes an erroneous opinion
formerly advanced by him as to their origin.
"As I was the first person who called the attention of
astronomers to the apparently planetoid and periodical
nature of the meteors of the 10th of August and 13th of
November, in a paper in the Philosophical Magazine, as
long ago as 1824, I think it right and honest now to de-
clare that I was wrong in then supposing that these
bodies might have revolving periods. I am convinced by
all my subsequent observations that they are either mere
electrical phenomena, as Pliny and Aratus thought, and
indicate only the autumnal fall of temperature, or else
that they are columns of inflammable vapour set on fire
in the higher regions of the air, as M. De Luc used to
2U(l S. N° 32., AUG. 9. '56.
NOTES AND QUERIES.
107
think, and which he has illustrated in his works on < M6-
te'orologie.' The question may be solved if meteorologists
will take the trouble of making accurate observations on
Saturday, Sunday, and Monday next, when, judging from
former experience, these meteors may be expected in
great numbers. With this view, I hope your valuable
journal will be the means of calling the attention of ob-
servers to this approaching phenomenon all over the
W0rld. " T. FOKSTEE.
« Brussels, August 3."
By-the-bye, is not the writer, Dr. Forster, the
author of the curious Floral Works described in
" N. & Q ," 1st S. ix. 569., x. 108., and by some of
your contributors supposed to be dead ?
R. R. S.
MB. PATEICK O'KELLY, THE IRISH BARD.
I have just made a careful examination of four
different editions of the poems published under
the name of this individual. First :
" Killarney, a descriptive Poem, by Pat, O'Kelly. 'Ah !
sure no Pencil canjlike Nature paint.' Tompson. Dublin :
printed for the author by P. Hoey, No. 33. Upper Ormond
Quay, 1791." Pp. 136.
In this collection we have " Killarney, and Po-
etical Miscellanies.' Second : The edition of
1824, pp. 110 (the copy I saw had no title-page),
which contains "The Ronian Kaliedoscope, the
Eidophusicon, the Manoscope, the Eidouranium,
the Deodad," &c. &c. Third :
" The Hippacrene ; a collection of Poems by Patrick
O'Kelly, Esq. * Exegi monumentum sere perennius.'
' E'en Magerton himself shall pass away,
Ere the production of the Muse decay.'
Dublin: F. and T. Courtney, Printers, 18. Whitefriars
Street, 1831." Pp. 128.
In this we find several of his old pieces repub-
lished, with some novelties. Among the last the
" Lines to a Plagiarist, or the Daw deplumed,"
deserves particular attention. We quote the
opening lines :
" Hail Mickey Carty ! ! Prince of Pirates hail !
Hail pedant poetaster of Kinsale ;
Hail poacher pedagogue ! and once more hail
Prime peerless plagiarist of poor Kinsale ! !
Proud, perking Daw, the peacock's painted tail
Lent plumes to deck the chatt'rer of Kinsale ! !
Poor purblind, putid pseudo-poet tell
Do Giants' garbs suit puny pigmies well ? " &c. &c.
Third. A part of a compilation of some of the
old poems with additional matter, no date, which
begins at page 105, and ends with page 132.
From the character of the type used in this edi-
tion I should suppose it was published subsequent,
or at all events but a very few years previous, to
the edition of 1831 just noticed.
To return to the edition of 1824. In this we
find the following poem (page 45) :
« The Simile,
Written on the beautiful beach of Lehinch, in the county
of Clare : this romantic spot, so long admired by many, is
the property of Andrew Stackpool, Esquire.
"This erudite gentleman is admired by a numerous
circle of friends, and caressed by a grateful tenantry,
being one of the most lenient landlords in this land of
aristocratic peculation."
" My life is like the Summer Rose
That opens to the morning sky,
But ere the shade of evening close
Is scatter'd on the ground to die.
" But on the Rose's humble bed
The sweetest dews of night are shed :
As if she wept such waste to see,
But who ? alas ! shall weep for me ?
" My life is like the autumn leaf
That trembles in the noon's pale ray;
Its hold is frail — its date is brief,
Restless, and soon to pass away :
" Yet ere that leaf shall fall and fade
The parent tree shall mourn its shade !
The winds bewail the leafless tree ;
But who shall then bewail for me ?
" My life is like the print which feet
Have left on Lehinch desert strand :
'••-•' . Soon as the rising tide shall beat,
The track shall vanish from the sand :
" Yet, as if grievous to efface
The vestige of the human race !
On that fond shore loud roars the sea ;
Who, but the Nine, shall roar for me? "
This poem also appears in the edition without
date, page 118, with sundry corrections and im-
provements.
Now this poem, taken either as it originally ap-
peared, or as it afterwards was corrected, I have
good reasons to suppose, was pilfered by O'Kelly
from another. The following lines were published
in Philadelphia in 1815 or 16 (perhaps some of
your Philadelphia correspondents may help me to
the title and exact date of the paper in which they
first appeared), with the name of my late father,
the Hon. Richard Henry Wilde, attached as the
author of them :
" My life is like the summer rose
That opens to the morning sky,
And ere the shades of evening close
Is scattered on the ground to die.
Yet on that rose's humble bed
The softest dews of night are shed,
As if she wept such waste to see —
But none shall drop one tear for me !
" My life is like the autumn leaf
That trembles in the moon's pale ray ;
It's hold is frail —it's date is brief,
Restless, and soon to pass away ;
Yet when that leaf shall fall and fade
The parent tree will mourn its shade,
The wind bewail the leafless tree,
But none shall breathe a sigh for me !
« My life is like the print, which feet
Have left on Sampa's desert strand,
Soon as the rising tide shall beat,
Their track will vanish from the sand j
108
NOTES AND QUERIES.
S. N° 82., AUG. 9. '56.
Yet as if grieving to efface
All vestige of tne human race,
On that lone shore loud moans the sea;
But none shall thus lament for me ! "
I have been furnished with the character of
Mr. O'Kelly by my friend R. Shelton Mackenzie,
Esq., of New York, who knew him. If anything
is wanting to this, I have it in the poet's edition
of his works, without date, page 131, where I find
a poem entitled " The Tear," precisely similar
(excepting some fefr corrections necessary in
making the appropriation) to a piece of the same
name written by the late Tom Moore. To this
poem O'Kelly has had the impudence to affix a
date — 1768 — twelve years before Moore was born!
Mr. Crofton Croker in his Popular Songs of
Ireland, p. 184.$ mentions two editions of O'Kelly's
poems between 1791 and 1824; An edition of
1808, entitled—-
" Poems on the Giant's Causeway and Killarney, with
other Miscellanies " —
and an edition of 1812, which contained " The
Eudoxologist, or an tthicographical Survey of the
West Parts of Ireland." In the first of these edi-
tions appeared that elegant effusion, " The Litany
of Doneraile," which ol find is repeated in the
edition without date,' page 116. I quote the
opening of this piece :
"Alas! how dismal is my tale,
I lost my watch in Doneraile ;
My Dublin watch, my chain and seal,
Pilfer'd at once in Doneraile.
Mav Fire and Brimstone never fail
To fall in show'rs on Doneraile ;
May all the leading fiends assail
The thieving town of Doneraile," &c. &c.
Now the object of this Note is to ascertain when
O'Kelly first published the poem entitled " The
Simile" as his own. I have not been able to trace
it in his works beyond 1824. Will some of your
correspondents who have the editions mentioned
by Mr. Croker, or other editions of O'Kelly's
Works, be good enough to inform me on this sub-
ject ? WILLIAM GUMMING WILDE.
New Orleans, June 28.
NEW ENGLAND QUERIES.
A person engaged in the s.tudy of the history of
New England in America would be greatly
obliged by information relating to the following
matters.
A copy of the Records of the Virginia Company,
established in 1606 by letters patent of James I.,
was in the hands of Stith, the historian of Vir-
ginia. It was perhaps the same copy which is
mentioned in the Life of Nicholas Ferrar. Is the
original, or a copy of those records, to be found in
England ?
Is anything known of the early history of Ed-
ward Randolph, employed by the British govern-
ment from 1675 to 1684 in an agency for vacating
the charters of Massachusetts, and afterwards as
secretary and collector in that colony ? He had,
perhaps, been previously a clerk in one of the
public offices in London.
Where are the papers (if extant) of Sir Ferdi-
nando Gorges, Governor of Plymouth about 1620,
described as " Sir Ferdinahdo Gorges, of Ashton
Phillips, in Somerset ? "
Does the will of John Cabot, the voyager to
North America, exist in the Will Office at Wor-
cester, or elsewhere ?
Are there any unpublished materials of a nature
to illustrate the connexion of Sir Henry Rogwell,
of Ford Abbey, with the Massachusetts Com-
pany ?
During the first sixty or 'seventy years of the
New England settlements, many conspicuous
Englishmen must have held large correspondence
with the leading men of those colonies, the dis-
covery of which would be of the highest historical
value. Has any such correspondence survived ?
The following names immediately occur iri con-
nexion with this question, viz. Richard, Earl of
Warwick, Lord Say and Sele, Lord Brooke, Sir
George Downing, Sir Henry Vane, Hugh Peters.
[In the British Museum will be found the following
MSS. relating to Sir Ferdinando Gorges : " His Declara-
tion, A.D. 1600-1," Birch and Sloane MS. 4128; "An
Answer to certain Imputations against Sir Ferd. Gorges,
as if he had practised the Ruin of the Earl of Essex,
written in the Gatehouse," Cotton MS. Julitts, F. VI. art.
183 ; " Warrants to him frorh the Earl of Essex, Jan.
1597," Addit. MS. 5752, if. 104-110 ; " Letter to T. Har-
riott," Ibid, 6789 ; " Letter to Sir J. Davis, concerning
his Confession," A.D. 1603, Ibid, 6177, p. 387. Also,
" Papers relating to the Virginia Company, Jac. I.," and
" Notes by Sir J. Csesar of the Patents granted to the said
Company," Ib. 12,496. " Forms of Patents, Grants, &c.,
by the Virginian Companv," Ib. 14,285. " William,
Strachey ; The History of Travaile into Virginia Britan-
nica, expressing the Cosmography and Commodities of the
Country, together with the Manners and Customs of the
People, with several figures coloured," Birch and Sloane
MS. 1622. " Answer to Capt. Nath. Butler's unmasked
face of Virginia, as it was in the winter of 1622," Ibid,
1039. '• The Declaration of the People of Virginia against
Sir William Berkeley and others," Ibid, 4159.]
Husbands authorised to beat their Wives. — There
exists what I conceive to be a popular errotj
namely, a belief that a husband is by the common
law of Erigland authorised to chastise his wife ;
and Judge Buller is often quoted; as having given
it as his judgment that the husband is justified in
administering personal chastisement to his better
half, provided he uses a Stick no thicker than his
little finger, or, as 86rfie seterer disciplinarians
s. NO 32, AUG. 9. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
109
say, his thumb. Is there any foundation for
either of these statements ? HENPECKED.
Dr. Brays Libraries in America, frc.^ — The
inquiry made through your pages respecting pa-
rochial libraries in England, having met with
much attention from many valuable correspond-
ents, permit me to extend the Query originally
made in " N. & Q." from England to America,
where, we are informed*, Dr. Bray "begun and
advanced libraries more or less in all the pro-
vinces on the Continent (of America), as also in
the factories in Africa." Some of your American
correspondents will no doubt be happy to reply to
an inquiry which will show the present state of
these libraries, and their good efivct.s in promoting
religion and learning. I find the following places
mentioned as having had libraries established in
them by the care and exertions of Dr. Bray, who
received thanks on account of them ; Maryland,
Boston, Baintree, Newfoundland, Rhode Island,
New York, Philadelphia, North Carolina, Ber-
mudas, Annapolis, the Factories in Africa.
J. M.
Oxford.
" Antonio Foscarini." — Who is the author of
Antonio Foscarini, a historical drama, published in
1836 ? R. J.
James Stringer. — Could any of your Cambridge
readers give me information regarding James
Stringer, author of A Cantab' s Leisure, prose and
verse, published at London in 1829 ? I think the
author was of Emmanuel College. R. J.
Queen Charlotte's Drinking Glass. — Can any of
your readers authenticate the following? It is
extracted froiri a letter from one Jdmes Heming,
containing an account of George Ill.'s coronation :
" Our friend Harry, who was upon the scaffold, at the
return of the procession, closed In with- the rear ; at the
expence of half a guinea was admitted into the hall ; got
brimfull of his majesty's claret, and in the universal
plunder, brought off the glass her majesty drank in, which
is placed in the beaufet as a valuable curiosity."
C. J. DOUGLAS.
Inscription for a Watch. —
" Could biit our tempers move like this machine,
Not nrg'd by passion nor delay'd b't spleen1;
And true to nature's regulating power;
By virtuous acts distinguish every hour:
Then health and joy would follow, as they ought,
The laws of motion and the laws of thought;
Sweet health to pass the present moments o'er,
And everlasting joy, when time shall be nti more."
Scots' Magazine, Oct. 1747.
Who1 is likely to be the author of these fine
verses ? G. N.
' "Think of me* — Who is the author of the
lines "Think of me," given in Sir Roland Ashton,
* Blog. Britan.
and where were they originally published? I
give the first stanza :
" Go where the water glideth gently ever,
Glideth by meadows that the greenest be;
Go forth beside our own beloved river
And think of me."
X.ft.
'Charles Verral. — Could any of your readers
give me any information regarding Charles Verral,
author (besides other works) of a poem called The
Pleasures of Possession, published in 1810 ? R. J.
Early Memoirs of Dr. Johnson. — Is it known
who was the author of a small 12mo. volume, pub-
lished within a few months of Johnson's death,
under the title of —
« Memoirs of the Life and Writings of the late Dr. Sa-
muel Johnson, containing many valuable original Letters,
and several interesting Anecdotes both 6f his Literary and
Social Connexions. The whole authenticated by living
Evidence. London, 1785."
J. E. M.
Prayer for Unity. — Is it known who wrote the
touching " Prayer for Unity," which appears in
our present office for the 20th of June, being the
day oil which Her Majesty began her happy reign ?
It is not contained in the form of 1704, as, printed
in Reeling's Liturgies Britannicce. A. A. D.
Dream-Boohs. — Dr. Mackay tells us, in his
Popular Delusions, that the maxims of the pseudo-
science of oheirology have been so imperfectly re-
membered, that at the present day they differ in
different countries^ and the same dream which
delights the peasant in England terrifies him in
France or Switzerland. Cati your readers put
me in the way of obtaining a few of the dream-
books in circulation among the credulous on the
Continent ?
Notes are desired on the bibliography of dream-
books during the last two centuries, to link the
works of Arternidorus, Astampsychus, and Ach-
met, with the Seven Dials' publications of the
present day.
Communications through the medium of " N. &
Q-," or privately to the care of the editor^ will
oblige R. T. SCOTT.
Instrument of Torture. —
" Late heavy rains at Jamaica have exposed an instru-
ment of torture made! of iron hoops, with screws, and so
constructed as to fit the largest or smallest person ; at-
tached to it are manacles for the Hahds. The inside of
the kriee-bars, and thfe resting-place for the soles of the
ffeet, dre studded with sp'ikes. When found, the perfect
skeleton of A negress was enclosed in the instrument."
The above statement coining from a reliable
source, it itify be asked If at arij' tJm'e in the En-
glish West India Isla'hds? ins'trtiiiieh'ts of torture
w^re appllfed (6 ttates ? And If so, for what
crimes ? W. W.
Malta.
110
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd g. NO 32., AUG. 9. '56.
Merthyr Tydvil — What is known of the his-
tory of Merthyr Tydfil prior to 1740 ? Was it
an insignificant village immediately before Bacon
commenced iron-making there ? A friend in-
forms me that a hundred years ago letters^were
brought to Merthyr by an old woman *from
Brecon. Can any correspondent of " N.^& Q."
give the old mail routes, naming the principal
post towns at that period, 170'0 to 1740 ?
KARL.
Author of the " Voice of the Rod." — Can any
of the readers of " N. & Q." favour me with the
full reading of the initials " L. N." of the following
work :
" The Voice of the Rod, or God's Controversie pleaded
with Man, being a plain and brief Discourse on Mich. vi.
9., by L. N.t philomaths*. London : printed for Walter
Dight, Bookseller in Exeter, 1668. 12mo., pp. 288."
There are prefixed a " Dedication to the In-
finite, Eternal, and All wise God," &c., and an
"Address to the Readers," dated " Ab Eremis
meis, Aug. 28, 1666."
The discourse is a very serious one, and appears
to have reference to the Plague in London, 1665,
and to the Fire, 1666. By these dreadful ca-
lamities the progress of the author's work in some
of its departments had been impeded, as at the
end of it, he adds a " Postscript to the Readers : "
" Sirs, — If anything in these sheets seem to be born
out of due time, know that they have had a hard Travail.
They were at first prepared for 1665, but through the as-
tonishing difficulty of our late Junctures, the Author's
unbefriended Obscurity, and want of those Minerval
powers which are now become essentially requisite in such
cases, they have lingered hitherto," &c.
Hogarth's Folly. — Hogarth, about the time of
his marriage, painted a very spirited representa-
tion of " Folly."
The subject, says Hinckley, " was composed of
twelve figures : six of males, and a like number
of females. The landscape gorgeous."
Is anything known of this painting, or has it
been engraved ? PETO.
The Elms.
Arnold of Westmmster, — In 1680, July 17,
one John Giles was convicted, the government
having offered a reward of 100Z. for his apprehen-
sion, of assaulting and wounding dangerously on
the previous April 17, in Bell Yard, Temple Bar,
John Arnold, Esq. In 1688, one Arnold, the
king's brewer, was of the jury on the trial of the
bishops ; and in one of the Letters of the Herbert
Family, he is called Captain Arnold ; and is said
to have a considerable party to support him in
his wish to represent Westminster in parliament.
In 1692, John Arnold, Esq., was member for
Southwark ; and Nicholas Arnold was a gentle-
man pensioner.
In 1708, Nehemia Arnold was paymaster of
malt tickets. In, or previously, and perhaps sub-
sequently to 1722, Nehemia Arnold, Esq., was
living in Westminster.
Can any reader of " N. & Q." inform me if any
and what family connexions exist amongst these
Arnolds, or give me any particulars of any of
them ? N. N.
New York Murder — Congrelaticosualists. —
Permit me to ask, if you or any of your readers
can satisfy my curiosity on either of the two fol-
lowing points ?
1. You are probably acquainted with the Tales
of Mystery and Imagination, by the late American
poet, Edgar Allan Poe. In one of these, entitled
" The Mystery of Marie Roget," the author, under
pretence of describing the murder of a Parisian
grisette, analyses the particulars of the murder
of a New York cigar girl. It is stated in a note
that the subsequent confessions of two people con-
nected with the New York murder completely
verified the conclusion to which Poe, by analysis,
had come.
Can anybody tell me where I can find an ac-
count of the New York murder ; or tell me the
real names, dates, and fate of the murderers?
The murder was committed before November
1842, as that is the date of Poe's tale in Marie
Roget.
2. Secondly, you will find in one of Sydney
Smith's Essays on America (p. 240. of the 8vo.
edition, in one volume), in a list of the places of
worship in Philadelphia, one mentioned as belong-
ing to a sect called " the Congrelaticosualists''
I have never met with this word anywhere else.
It is not to be found in any dictionary. Nor can
I conceive what its derivation can be, or from the
words of what language it can be compounded, if
it be a compound. The best scholars with whom
I have had the opportunity of conversing can
give me no information. If the meaning or de-
rivation be not known, can any one give me in-
formation as to the peculiar tenets, &c., of the
sect ? T. H. D.
The Kalends or Calends at Bromyard. — In a
short visit to Herefordshire I was struck with the
name which the inhabitants of Bromyard gave to
a long narrow footpath enclosed with high walls,
and leading to the churchyard ; they called it the
Kalends or Calends. I could not find out the
precise spelling of the word, and no one seemed to
know much about it. Can any of your readers
enlighten me on the subject, or as to the origin of
the word? Perhaps it is a mere provincialism,
but it struck me there might be some connection
between this singular name and the Calendar (or
Kalandar) ; in what way I would not, however,
presume to say. R. PATTISOF.
Torrington Square,
2nd S. NO 32., AUG. 9. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
Ill
Letter of Charles II. to the Queen of Bohemia
— I have in my possession a letter in the auto-
graph of Charles II., of which the following is a
copy :
" Paris, Aprill 16.
" Madame,
"I could not lett this bearer ray Ld. Wentworth goe,
without giueing your Matie the trouble of a letter, and to
left your Matie know that I send him to the K. of Den-
marke to desire his assistance, and recommendation to the
States on my behalfe, I will not say any more at present,
because I haue commanded the bearer to giue your Matie
an account of all that's a doeing heere, only to desire
your Matie to giue credite to him, and to me that I am,
" Madame,
" Your Maties most humble
and most affectionate
nephew and seruant,
" CHARLES R."
The letter bears a small seal, and is endorsed,
" For the Queene of Bohemia my Deare Aunt."
Queries. Can any of your readers determine
or conjecture the year in which this letter was
written ? Is there any account of Charles apply-
ing to the " K. of Denmarke, to desire his as-
sistance ? " Who is meant by " the bearer my
Ld. Wentworth ? " An early answer would be
very acceptable. Vox.
Were Charles I. and Oliver Cromwell distant
Cousins f — What authority has the writer of the
amusinor and interesting article on the " Causes of
the Civil War," in the newly published number of
the Quarterly Review, p. 109., for the assertion of
the relationship which forms the subject of this
Query, and is declared in the following passage ?
" In addition to Sir Oliver the « Golden Knight ' (Sir
Henry Cromwell) left five sons and five daughters. It is
a singular circumstance that from his children should
have sprung the two most famous leaders in the great
rebellion, for his second daughter was the mother of
Hampden, as his second son Robert was the father of the
Protector. Another curious circumstance is that Robert
married a widow, Mrs. Lynne, whose maiden name was
Steward, and who came of the royal race. The fact is
now established beyond question that Charles I. and
Oliver Cromwell were distant cousins. The Protector
certainly did not exaggerate his descent when he said in
a speech to his first Parliament, * I was by birth a gen-
tleman ; living neither in any considerable height, nor
yet in obscurity."
C. 0. C.
" Obnoxious.1" — What is the meaning of the
word obnoxious? Walker says "liable." Why
then do almost all modern authors, including
Macaulay and, I think, Dickens, use it in the
sense of " disagreeable" or " disgusting ?" * S. B.
Belper.
" Titan's GoUet." — Will you, or some one of
your readers, oblige me with the locus in quo I can
find anything relative to the "Titan's goblet?"
[* The various senses in which obnoxious is used has
been incidentally noticed in our 1* S, viii. 439.]
I am possessor of a remarkable picture of this
title and subject, painted by the late Thomas
Cole, whose classic reading may have furnished
the subject, but whose own poetic capacity was so
large, that he (artistically speaking) invented his
own subjects and painted them, epic, fanciful, and
dramatic.
Should this Query find answer I will gladly
send you a Note of the treatment of the subject.
J. M. F.
New York.
William the Conqueror's Joculator. — In Speci-
mens of early English Metrical Romances, chiefly
written during the early part of the 14th Century,
by George Ellis, Esq., speaking of the minstrels,
he says :
" They were obliged to adopt various modes of amusing,
and to unite the mimic and the juggler, as a compensation
for the defects of the musician and poet. Their rewards
were in some cases enormous, and prove the esteem in
which they were held ; though this may be partly as-
cribed to the general thirst after amusement, and the
difficulty of the great in dissipating the tediousness of
life."
He then states that William the Conqueror as-
signed three parishes in Gloucestershire as a gift
for the support of his Joculator, and adds :
" This may, perhaps, be a less accurate measure of the
minstrel's accomplishments than of the monarch's power,
and of the insipidity of his court." — Ellis, vol. i. p. 19.,
&c.
"Three parishes in Gloucestershire" must at
any time have been an immense donation for
almost any services one can imagine ; and I should
be much obliged to any reader of " 1ST. & Q." to
point out which were these three parishes, and the
name of the fortun&iQ joculator, if it has descended
to posterity. A.
" Wheel for the Borough of Milborn Port? — I
have a small old print, of which the following is a
description.
The figure of a wheel, about three inches in
diameter, round the edge of which is the follow-
ing : " (ix) Antient (viii) Wheel (vu) for (vi)
the (v) Borrough (mi) of (m) Milborn (u)
Port (i)." Nine names, representing the spokes
of the wheel, commence opposite the numerals,
each meeting in the centre, and each divided by
a wave line. The names, commencing with No. 1.,
are, " William Carent, William Raymond, Robert
Gerrard, William Caldecut, John Huddy, James
Hannam, Roger Saunders, George Millborn."
Milborn Port (Somerset), to which this figure
probably refers, was formerly one of the principal
towns in the southern part of the county, and for
a very long period sent two members to parlia-
ment. It was one of the "rotten boroughs"
swept away by the Reform Bill.
Queries. What is the meaning of this "as
il*
NOTES AND QUERIES.
S. NO 32., AUG. 9. '5 6.
tient wheel," and Jias it any reference to the
election of officer! for the borough ? From the
appearance of this curious figure, it seems to have
been printed about the close of the seventeenth
century. Perhaps one of your Somersetshire
readers can throw light on the subject, and also
state whether any of the above-named persons
hare descendants notv living in Milborn Port ?
Vox.
Apostle Spoons. — What is their origin and
history ? W. T.
Oxford.
[We believe the earliest notice of the apostle spoons
occurs in an entry on the books of the Stationers' Com-
pany in the year 1500, " A spoyne of the gyfte of Master
Reginold Wolfe, all gylte with the pycture of St. John."
Mr. Pegge in his Preface to A 'Forme of Cury, a Roll of
Ancient Cookery, has offered the following conjecture as
to the origin of this baptismal present. He observes,
that " the general mode of eating must either have been
with the spoon or the fingers ; and this, perhaps, may
have been the reason that spoons became the usual present
from gossips, to their god-children at christenings." The
practice of sponsors giving spoons at christenings seems
to have been first observed in the reign of Elizabeth;
previously it was the mode to present gifts of a different
kind. Hall, who has written a minute account of the
baptism of Elizabeth, 1558, informs us that the gifts pre-
sented by the sponsors were a standing cup of gold, and
six gilt bowls, with covers. But in the first year of
Queen Elizabeth, Howes, the continuator of Stow's Chro-
nicle, says that " at this time, and for many }'eeres before,
it was not the use and custome, as now it is [1631] for
godfathers and godmothers generally to give plate at the
baptism of children (as spnones, cups, and such like), but
only to give christening shirts, with little hands and cuffs
wrought either with silk or blue thread; the best of
them for chief persons weare edged with a small lace of
blaoke silke and golde; the highest price of which' for
great men's children were seldom above a noble, and the
common sort two, three, or four and five shillings a-piece."
An allusion to apostle spoons occilrs in a collection of
anecdotes, entitled " Merry Passages and Jeasts," quoted
by Malone from Harl. MS. 6395: " Shakspeare was god-
father to one of Ben Jonson's children, and after the
christening, being in deepe study, Jonson came to cheer
him up, and ask'd him why he was so melancholy. 'No
'faith, Ben,' says he, ' not I ; but I have been considering
a great while what should be the fittest gift for me to
bestow upon my godchild, and I have resolv'd at last.'
' I pr'ythee, what? ' says he. ' Pfaith, Ben, I'll give him
a douzen good Latten. [Latin] spoons^ and thou shalt
translate them.'"]
Clergy buried with Face towards the Wett. —
The other day, on visiting the chapel of St. Ed-
mund Hall, Oxford, I observed that the lozenge-
shaped stones, on which were inscribed the names
of Former principals, were placed facing the west,
iristead of towards the east, the lisUal custom.
A friend tells trie that it is by no means an tin-
usual practice in the North of England to bury
the clergy with the face towards the west, in the
manner above-mentioned, in order that they
may meet their flocks on the morning of the great
day, and conduct them to the tribunal. Is this! a
custom peculiar to the North of England?
OXONIENSIS.
[This custom has been noticed in our !»* S. ii. 408.
452., where our correspondent will find that it is not pe-
culiar to the North of England; bttt has been observed in>
various parts of Christendom since the seventeenth cen-
tury.]
St. Pancras. — Can you inform me in what
church in Exeter there is a brass of St. Pancras?
Also, in what church in Lewes, Sussex, there is a
painted window of St. Pancras ? What church in
France contains a brass of this saint ? Is there am
engraving of any of them ? The Rev. Edward
White, M.A., of St. Paul's Chapel, Kentish Town,,
gave a lecture, " The Life and Times of St. Pan-
cras, the Boy Martyr under Diocletian." I want
to procure an engraving of that saint ? R.j
[ Perhaps the' best representation of St. Pancras is inj
the magnificent brass of Prior Nelond, in the church flj*
Cowfold in the neighbourhood of West Grinstead, of whicbj
a lithographic drawing is given in Horsfield's History af\
Lewes, vol. i. p. 239. St. Pancras, the patron saint of the!
Lewes priory, is represented standing upori A pinnacle!
with a palm branch in his right hand, a book in his '"*
and treading on a warrior with his drawri sword.]
Arms in Severn Stoke Church. — To what
mily does the following coat of arms belong
Gules, a fess between six cross crosslets, or. They
are from an old painted window in the parisbj
church of Severn Stoke, Worcestershire. This!
church has what I think must be a very ran
thing, an original stone altar as used before th«j
time of the Reformation. CERVUS
[The above coat of arms belongs to the Beaucharrtp's^
Earls of Warwick. In Atkyns's Gloucestershire we title*
that Richard de Beauchamp married for his first \Htf
Elizabeth, heiress of Thomas Lord Berkeley. He die*
17th Henry VI., 1439, and was buried in the Collegiati
Church of 'Warwick. The cross crosslets are the arms o!
Berkeley, whu-h he added to his own. The same arhi<j
are in a window of Kingsbury Church, Warwickshire!
See Dugdale's Warwickshire, pp. 391. and 1061., editH
1730.]
POUND AND MIL SCHEME.
(2nd S. i. 491.)
I have taken it for granted, upon tne authority
of more writers than one, that what is now calle<
the pound and mil scheme was originated by th i
anonvmous Mercator, in The Pamphleteer fo^
I8l4. I had never seen this work; but, learning
from MB. YATES'S communication, tp. you thai
Mr. Slater nad reprinted Mercator in his Inquiry
&c., I examined the reprint, and I found tha
Mercator's scheme is not what is now advocate*
. N« 82., AUG. 0. '56.]
NOTES AND QUEBIES,
113
by the great majority of those who are trying to
decimalise our coinage, It is true that Mercator
has a pound in his system, and a mil for its thou-
sandth part. But his pound is not our pound.
Now if there be any one character of the current
pound and mil scheme which is more its distinc-
tive constituent than another, it is the doctrine
that the present sovereign is to be unaltered in
value. Consequently, it' Mercator advocated a
sovereign or pound of anything but twenty parts
out of twenty-one of the guinea current in his
time, he did not propose'our present pound and
mil scheme. Now without any arithmetic at all,
except an eye to see which is the greater and
which the less of two sums, it can be made ap-
parent that Mercator proposed a smaller pound
than we now have. His ounce troy is the common
one ; and his proposition is to coin this ounce troy
intb pounds at the rate of 4Z. Is. 4^d. to the ounce.
Now we coin the ounce into 31. 17s. 10|e?. Con-
sequently, Mercator gives a lighter Sovereign than
that we now have. But it has also more alloy in it.
Our standard gold has one twelfth part of alloy :
and his has one tenth. In both ways, then, he de-
preciated the pound. And not only did he do
this, but he gave a reason for it, as follows :
" There are various other points and arguments, poli-
tical as well as commercial, on this subject, which are
hot; however, necessary to be discussed at present ; suf-
fice it, to say that they are all in favour of the proposed
standard, &c. &c., which, indeed, must of necessity take
place to enable government to resume the coinage, and
also because our coin hi its present proportions and re-
Ilitive values of Mint prices with those of the Continent
will be constantly drained as soon as issued. Therefore
the absolute necessity of a new standard, &c., to restore
the permanency of circulating medium in the legal coin
of the realm."
Mercator, then, is a writer whose etceteras are
very significant. They include nothing less than
a depreciation of the gold coin, and an alteration
in the relative Mint prices of gold and silver.
But your readers should remember that the Creed
of the present advocates of poUnd-and-iiiil decimali-
sation is; There is no pound but the po',und, and
the mil is its thousandth part. A. DE MORGAN.
HOLLY, TtiE ONLY INDIGENOUS EVERGREEN TREE.
(2nd S. i. 399. 443. 502. ; ii. 56.)
MR. FRERE and H. J. have brought forward a
host of authorities to back their opinions' ; but if
they are satisfied, with all due deference^ I am
ndt. Let me for the present confine my case' to
the box alone. I will, if necessary, orl atibther
occasion defend my p'dsition a's to (he yew. I give
a long extract from ohe of my grandfather's
papers iii the Gent. Mag. (p. 666.), in the year
87. As MR. FRERE says he has been able to
see this volume, I am at a loss to understand how
it is he so easily puts aside the authorities that
satisfied my grandfather, and that years since con-
vinced me, that the box is nbt an indigenous tree.
Dr. Lindley, also, will nofr, I hope, know that
the box has ere this " been suspected of being a
foreigner." I have great respect for the modern
authorities quoted ; but in this case, not less is
my respect for the older ones here produced by
my grandfather. Omitting some remarks on the
box not relevant to this question, he says :
" Asserius Menevensis observes, in his Life of Alfred,
that ' Berrocscire (Berkshire) taliter vocatur a Berroc
silva ubi Buxus abuudantissime nascitur.' This writer,
perhaps, remembered the Hebrew word Berosch, which is
the name of a tree often mentioned in the Bible, but it is
of very doubtful signification. It hath been by some
translated a box-tree; by others, an ash or larch; and
the Septiiagint, in their vague manner, render it, in
various places, by no less than six differerit kinds of trees
(Hillerii Hierophyticon.de Arbor, cap. 39.)f We strongly
Suspect this wood of box-trees in Berkshire to be ima-
ginary ; for we have not hitherto been able to discover this
tree in any place where there was the least doubt of its hot
being. planted ; probably one reason why it is not so much
dispersed as the yew is, because the seeds are not eaten
and disseminated by birds. A remarkable instance of its
confined state appears at the extensive plantation of this
tree at Box Hill, in Surrey, where not a plant is to be seen,
in any of the adjoining fields; and after close inspection,
we could scarcely find a young seedling, but the succes-
sion supports itself, when cut, by rising again from the
old steins, like a coppice. Tradition attributes this noble
work to an Earl of Arundel. How few possessors of such
useless wastes have' left behind them so valuable an ex-
ample of their patribtic pursuits. .
" Our oldest botanists agree with us in supposing this
tree not to be a native. ' Ther groweth,' says Turner, ' in
the mountains in Germany great plenty of boxe wild,
without any setting, but in England it groweth not alone
by itself in any place that I know.' " — Herbal, 1586.
" Boxe delighteth to grow upon high cold mountains,
as upon the hils and deserts of Switzerland* and Savoye,
and other like places, where it groweth plentifully. Ifi
this countrie they plant both kinds in some gardens." — Lyte's
Herball, 1586.
" Gerard would have done well to have specified those
* sundry waste and barren hils in Englartd? on which he
asserts it grew in his time, Evelyh affirms, ' that these
trees rise naturally at Boxley, in Kent, in abundance ; ' and
succeeding writers have too hastily followed him : for in
a tour thro' that county, we called at this village, and,
on examination of the neighbouring woods, arid strictest
enquiry of those who were best acquainted with therii,
we were thoroughly convinced that his assertion was
totally grourldless.* To say the truth, we .were not
greatly disappointed, as we recollected what Lambarde
had said long before Evelyn's time : 'Boxley may take the
name of the Saxon word' Boxeleage, for trie, sibre of box-
trees that peradventure sometime grew there'— Peramb'ula-
ttohofKent, 1376."
My grandfather Concludes with an afgurrient
that I think is a sound one, namely, that ail
trees and shrubs whose names' are derived from
the Latin are not with us indigenous, because
* The harries of places beginriing with box may full as
probably be derived from' the Saxon 6oq or boccet a be'ech
tree; or from btic, a buck/ as from the box tree;
114
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd S. NO 32., AUG. 9. '56.
the others, which are undoubted natives, still
keep their Teutonic or Saxon names ; as the oak,
ash, beech, maple, hazel, birch, holly, &c. The
trees probably brought from Italy, he says, are
the box (Buxus), the elm ( Ulmus} ; the indige-
nous having a Saxon name, Wych hazel ; service
(Sorbus), poplar (Populus), &c.
I hope I have now given good reasons for my
first assertion, that the box, at any rate, is in all
probability not indigenous. A. HOLT WHITE.
BOTTLES FILLED BY PRESSURE OF THE SEA.
(2nd S. i. 493.)
Your correspondent JOHN HUSBAND, who
wishes for information respecting the statements
of the Rev. John Campbell in his Travels in South
Africa in 1815, and also the account given by
Captain S. Spowart of the " Wilberforce," of ^ex-
periments made by him in 1855, will find allusions
to the phenomenon by various writers ; among
others I beg to refer him to vol. i. Bridge-water
Treatises, page 345, where Dr. Buckland, treating
of the pressure at different depths of the sea, says
that —
"Captain Smyth, R.N., found on two trials that the
cylindrical copper air-tube under the vane attached to
Massev's log collapsed and was crushed quite flat under
the pressure of about 300 fathoms (1800 feet). A claret
bottle filled with air and well corked was burst before it
descended 400 fathoms. He also found that a bottle
filled with fresh water and corked had the cork forced in
at about 180 fathoms."
He also refers to a personal statement made to
him by Sir Francis Beaufort, who had often made
the experiment with corked bottles, some of them
being empty, and others containing some fluid.
But the result was various :
" The empty bottles were sometimes crushed, at others
the cork was forced in, and the fluid exchanged for sea
water. The cork was always returned to the neck of the
bottle ; sometimes, but not always, in an inverted posi-
tion."
Let me also refer your correspondent to that
magnificent book, The Geological Observer, by
Sir Henry de la Beche, where he will find obser-
vations respecting differences of pressure at dif-
ferent depths of the sea, which will satisfy him
that the statements respecting the bottles are not
at all incredible. Sir Henry computes the pres-
sure at a depth of 100 feet to be 60 pounds to
the square inch, including that of the atmosphere,
while at 4000 feet the pressure would be about
1830 pounds to the square inch.
Speaking of animals which inhabit very deep
seas he says :
" It has been observed that the air or gas in the swim-
ming bladders of those brought up from a depth of about
3300 feet (under a pressure of about 100 atmospheres), in-
creased so considerably in volume as to force the swim-
ming bladder, stomach, and other adjoining parts, outside
the throat in a balloon-formed mass."
Thus we see that the claret bottle collapses in
the deep sea, while the air-bottle of the deep sea
fish expands until it bursts when it reaches the
upper regions.
The author of the Geological Observer refers to
Pouillet, Elemens de Physique Experimental,
vol. i. p. 188. confirmatory of the above fact, and
adds that Dr. Scoresby in his Arctic Regions,
vol. ii. p. 193., relates that in a whaling expedition
on one occasion a boat was pulled down to a con-
siderable depth by a whale, after which the wood
became too heavy to float, the sea water having
forced itself into the pores. He then refers to the
Reports of the British Association, vol. xii., in
which the researches of Professor E. Forbes are
recorded. Before concluding, let me add that
some have supposed the porousness of the glass
would sufficiently account for the phenomenon of
the empty bottle becoming filled with water and
yet the cork remaining in the same position, and
even the wax which covered it unbroken. But
it seems to me more probable that the pressure,
when not sufficient to break the bottle, might yet
be enough to reduce by compression the size of
the cork and the covering of wax, thus giving
space for the water to enter, which would readily
under such pressure rush through the minutest
inlet : the wine would keep the cork in its original
position, and, on being drawn up, expansion to its
former bulk would be instantaneous. But this is
only a guess. E. FLOOD WOODMAN.
London.
TEMPLE AT BAALBEC.
(2nd S. ii. 49.)
The origin of this temple is involved in ob-
scurity ; the present structural remains are of
the Corinthian Order chiefly, including probably
the church erected by Constantino (Eusebius,
Const., iii. 58.*; Eusebius, Oral, Const, c. 18.;
Sozomen, v. 10., vii. 15. ; Greg., Abulpharagii
Hist. Compend. Dynast., p. 85.). There is no
evidence of its erection by Solomon, as ** the
house of the forest of Lebanon " (1 Kings, vii. 2.)
or Baalhamon (Sol. Song, viii. 11.). "When we
consider," says Volney (v. ii. c. 29.), " the extra-
ordinary magnificence of the Temple of Balbek,
we cannot but be astonished at the silence of the
Greek and Roman authors." John of Antioch
(Malala) says that " .ZElius Antoninus Pius built
a great temple to Jupiter at Heliopolis, near Li-
banus in Phrenicia, which was one of the wonders
of the world " (Hist. Chron., lib. xi.).
* Otitov evKTTJpiov eKKAijo-tas re /neyiarov nal irapa TOI
»caTa/3aXXo|U,evos- w? TO ^TJ ex TOV vavrfa rrov aiwvos 0x077 -y
o-6ev vOf TOVTO irpurov epyov rvx^v"
2nd S. N° 32., AtiG/9. '56.].
NOTES AND QUERIES.
115
Here is the tomb of Saladin (Nugent, ii. 197.).
It is mentioned by Pliny (Nat. Hist., v. 20.), by
Ptolemy (Geog., pp. 106. 139.), and in the Itine-
rary of Antoninus, as Diospolis and Heliopolis.
Notices are to be found also in Pococke's Travels
in Syria, Maundrell's Journey, De la Roque's
Travels, Rennell's Geog. W. Asia, Wood and
Dawkins' Ruins of Balbec, Wilson's Lands of
the Bible, and Herbelot's Bibliotheque Orientale.
From the last it appears that the evidence of
coins is in favour of the constitution of Heliopolis
into a colony by Julius Caesar.
The name of the place, Baalbec, means " the
Lord's, or Governor's, city." The worship of Baal
is repeatedly referred to in Scripture. Baal forms
a constituent of the words Ithobal, Jerubaal, Han-
nibal, Hasdrubal, Baal-berith, Beelzebub, Baal-
Peor, Beelsamen, &c. Freytag's explanation of
the word "Baal" is —
" Maritus et Uxor. Omne id quod datur propter pal-
marum rigationem ; Palma mas ; Onus, res gravis ; Terra
elatior a pluvia semel anni spatio irrigata, opposita iis
regionibus quse arte tantum irrigantur. Nomen idoli.
Item dialect. Arabics felicis Dominus, herus, possessor."
This etymology brings Baalbec into connection
with Tadmor or Palmyra in reference to the
palm tree, from which Phoenicia and the fabulous
Phcenix also derived their names.
T. J. BUCKTON.
Lichfield.
THOMAS SIMON, THE MEDALLIST.
(2nd S. i. 477.)
I feel much obliged to Jos. G. of the Inner
Temple for pointing out to my attention the three
articles in the Numismatic Chronicle on this sub-
ject ; and I also take this opportunity of thanking
an anonymous correspondent, who communicated
the same information to me by letter, shortly
after my first inquiry in " N. & Q."
If Jos. G. will refer to that article, he will find
that the complaint against Peter de Beauvoir,
bailiff of Guernsey, is supposed by me to have
been written about the year 1655, not " 1665,"
as quoted by Jos. G. The exact date I am at
present unable to give, as the original document
bears none; but on reference to the records of
the Royal Court of this island, I find that Thomas
Simon had a lawsuit in that year (1655) with
John Fautrart, Jun., his wife's uncle, arising out
of a claim which she made to a share of the per-
sonal estate of her grandfather, John Fautrart,
Sen. In January and February, 1653-4, Thomas
Simon, in the right of his wife, was party con-
jointly with the other co-heirs in actions against
John Fautrart, Jun., concerning the division of the
real property of John Fautrart, Sen., deceased, in
the islands of Guernsey and Serk. The parties
are thus described in the preamble to the sen-
tences rendered by the Court : —
" Monsieur Jan Fautrart, aisne de feu Monsieur Jan
Fautrart, son pere, amercy vers Monsieur Pierre Careye,
procureur du Sieur Thomas Simon, a cause de sa femme,
fille et seule heritiere de feu le Sieur Cardin Fautrart, et
les Sieurs Thomas de Sausmarez, principal heritier de
feue Dame Bertranne Fautrart, sa mere, et Jan Renouf,
procureur d'Isaac Gibault, Junr, aisne de feue Dame Jane
Fautrart, sa mere, les dits Cardin, Bertranne et Jane
Fautrart, enfants du dit feu Sieur Fautrart, leur pere."
It is rather singular that none of these docu-
ments gives us the Christian name of Thomas
Simon's wife ; but this is supplied by a contract
registered in the Greffe or Record Office of the
island, on Feb. 10, 1635-6, by which John Fau-
trart, Jun., as guardian of his niece Elizabeth,
daughter of Cardin Fautrart, buys in her name a
field and certain wheat-rents.
Since my first communication to " N. & Q.," a
careful search among the records of the Royal
Court of Guernsey has put it into my power to
explain how Thomas Simon and Peter de Beauvoir
stood to each other in the relationship of cousins -
german, and has also revealed the facts that
Simon's mother was a Guernsey woman, and his
father a native of London.
On October 5, 1613, " Monsieur Pierre Simon,
fils Pierre, natif de la cite de Londres, au droit de
sa femme, fille de feu Gilles Germain" sells certain
wheat-rents. Another contract of the same date
gives the Christian name of his wife, which was
Anne; and we also gather from it that Gilles
Germain had five other daughters. One of these
was Judith, wife of James de Beauvoir; another
was Marie, wife of Peter Careye ; and another
Marguerite, who died unmarried. The names of
the other two are as yet unknown to me. The
following pedigree will make the relationship be-
tween Thomas Simon and Peter de Beauvoir
clear : —
Gilles Germain.
!
Judith,
wife of James de Beauvoir.
Peter de Beauvoir.
Anne,
wife of Peter Simon.
Thomas Simon.
Whether Peter Simon belonged to any branch
of the Guernsey family of that name may be still
considered doubtful. He may have been de-
scended from some French refugee ; but I think
that the fact of his being styled in the contract
above referred to, " son of Peter," in addition to
" native of the city of London," affords a strong
presumption that his father was known in Guern-
sey, and very probably belonged to the island.
In legal documents of that date strangers are
usually described in general terms as " natif des
parties d'Angleterre," or " de JSTormandie," as the
case may be.
116
NOTES AND QUERIES.
NO 32., AUG. 9. '56.
As to Thomas Simon's silence in his will as to
any property in Guernsey or claim thereto, it is
easily explained by the fact that at that time the
law of the island did not permit of bequests of
real property to children, and the claim to the
personal property of John Fautrart, Sen,, had
been settled long before.
Is the date qi Abraham Simon's death known ?
May nqt Pegge have confounded him with his
brother Thomas? especially as he also was a
modeller and engraver. ANON.
THE TEN COMMANDMENTS.
(2nd S. ii. 79.)
I am requested by 0. 7. 5. to give the editiqns,
dates, &c., pf the Catholic catechisms used by au-
thority in this country, in which the Command-
ments are taught at length. There are only two
authorised catechisms in use in England. These
are the abridged Douay Catechism, and the
Abridgment of Christian Doctrine, usually called
the First or the Little Catechism. The original
Douay Catechism indeed bore the title of An
Abridgment of Christian Doctrine, and was printed
early in the seventeenth century. I have a copy
of the third edition, printed in the reign of James
II., by " Henry Hills, Printer to the King's most
excellent majesty, for his household and chapel ;
and are to be sold at his Printing-House on the
Ditchsidc, in Blach-fryers." But as this was too
long for children to learn, there was published,
with approbation, An Abstract of the Douay Cate-
chism. Of this I have an edition : " London :
Printed in the year 1782;" but without any
printer's name. It was printed, however, by
J. Marmuduke, in Great Wild Street, near Queen
Street, Lincoln s Inn Fields. This is the Douay
Catechism in general use among Catholics all
over England and Wales, often designated as the
Second Catechism, because it is usually learned
after the First or Little Catechism. The editions
of it are innumerable; but in 1827, the four
Vicars Apostolic approved and sanctioned a cor-
rected edition, and required that all future edi-
tions should be conformable to it ; which has been
carefully adhered to ever since.
The First, or Little Catechism, entitled An
Abridgment of Christian Doctrine, was compiled
more than a century ago by Bishop Challoner.
It has in like manner passed through countless
editions ; but a standard edition was approved in
1826, by the four Vicars Apostolic, and all sub-
sequent editions have been required to be con-
formable to the one so authorised. This catechism,
being shorter and more simple, is usually learnt
before the Douay Catechism. But these two are
the only catechisms used by authority among
Catholics in this country. In all editions of both
these, the First Commandment is given at full
length, including what by Protestants is called
the Second, and in the Douay Catechism the
reasons for this arrangement are given in answer
to the Q. Why put you all this in one command-
ment ? F. C. H.
Mollerus (2nd S. i. 133.) —I cannot say where
the entire poem of Mollerus is now to be found,
but a large sample of it is in Herbinius de Cata-
ractis, Amstelod., 1678. On p. 224. is a vignette
of Hatto's Tower, apparently as it was three years
ago. The bishop is on the rock, watching the
rats which are crossing the Rhine. Herbinius
having described the rapids, adds :
" Sequitur jam ligata etiam oratione, ' Historia de
Tragico Hattonis Episcopi Moguntinensis fato ; ' quam
Bernhardus Mollerus Monasteriensis, in sua Rheni De-
scriptione, Coloniae Agrippinae, MDXCVI., carmine csetera
egregio tradit. Quia enim Ubellus iste, prceterquam in
Blbliothecd Serenissimi Holsati<$ Duds, vix uspiqm alibi
reperitur, apponolibens versus istos i}i gratiam lectoris."
Then follows the story of Hatto in 162 very
tedious and antimetrical lines. That the original
contained many more may be inferred from
several " &c."s at the close of the pentameters. If
Southey did rob Mollerus, he must have had
access to the original : for in this extract there is
nothing differing from the ordinary version of the
story, which is dressed up in tawdry rhetoric.
Compare the opening of each : —
" The summer and autumn had been so wet
That in winter the corn was growing yet:
'Twas a piteous sight to see all around
The grain lie rotting on the ground.
And every day the starving poor
Crowded around Bishop Hatto's door," &c.
" Messis erat raro segetum dotata favore,
Paupere nil potuit vilius esse viro.
Paupere paupertas languescit frigida lino,
Verminat esuriens paupere moesta penu.
Auget egestatem morbu.s, contempta movetur
Pauperies: pmni cassa favore perit.
In rigidis passim miseri jacuere plateis
Quos misere letho vovit acredo famis.
Vita quibus restat, vitam mutare volentes,
Sanguinea fatum pra?ripuere manu.
Est dolor in vita truculens, in funere terror :
Conditio sortis nulla placere valet,
Qujs stadium vita? letho mutare peroptet?
Cum miser haud poterit vivere, fata cupit," &c.
The " &c." leaves us in uncertainty as to the
amount of common-place expended before reach-
ing Hatto.
Though Mollerus may not be a poet, any in-
formation as to so scarce a book as his Rheni
Descriptio will be acceptable. H. 5- 0.
U. U. Club.
2nd s. NO 32., Aua. 9. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
117
Walpcle and Whittington (2nd S. ii. 88.) —Nq
account of the discussion respecting Whittington
-and his Cnt is given in the Archceologia ; but we
have the following notice of it in a letter from
Richard Gough to Michael Tyson, dated Dec. 27,
1771, preserved in Nichols's Literary Anecdotes,
vol. viii. p. 575. :
" Mr. Pegge gave us next the History of Whittington,
but could rqaUe nothing at all of his cat, though she is
his constant companion in all statues and pictures : and
I firmly believe, if not a rebus for some ship which made
his fortune, she was the companion of his arm-chair, like
Montaigne's."
Cole, in his unpublished letters to Walpole,
designates the members of the Society of Anti-
quaries " Whittingtonian Antiquaries." Foote,
in his comedy of The Nabob, makes Sir Matthew
Mite, with much humour, thus address the Society
of Antiquaries :
" The point I mean to clear up, is an error crept into
the life of that illustrious magistrate, the great Whit-
tington, and his no less eminent cat: and in this disqui-
sition four material points are in question : — 1st. Did
Whittington ever exist? 2nd. f^as Whittington Lord
Mayor of London ? 3d. Was he really possessed of a Cat ?
4th. Was that Cat the source of his wealth ? That Whit-
tington lived, no doubt can be made; that he was Lord
Mayor of London, is equally true ; but as to his Cat, that,
gentlemen, is the Gorclian knot to untie. And here, gen-
tlemen, be it permitted me to define what a Cat is. A
Cat is a domestic, whiskered, four-footed animal, whose
employment is catching of mice ; but let puss have been
ever so subtle, let puss have been ever so successful, to
what could puss's captures amount? No tanner can
currv the skin of a mouse, no family make a meal of the
meat ; consequently, no Cat could give Whittington his
wealth. Frojn whence then does this error proceed? Be
that my care to point out. The commerce this worthy
merchant carried on was' chiefly confined to our coasts :
for this purpose he constructed a vessel, which, for its
agility and lightness, he aptly christened a Cat. Nay, to
this our day, gentlemen, all our coals from Newcastle are
imported in nothing but Cats. From thence it appears,
that it was not the whiskered, four-footed, mouse-killing
Cat, that was the source of the magistrate's wealth ; but
the coasting, sailing, coal-carrying Cat: th^t, gentlemen,
was Whittington's Cat."
J.Y.
Germination of Seeds (2?d S. ii. 1Q. 58.) —
E. M. notices the above in those seeds long buried.
Perhaps the following may interest him and other
botanical readers : — '•
Some years ago, a portion of the park at
Hampton Court was ploughed up ; and to the
surprise of every one a quantity of flowers made
their appearance. An account of this went the
"round of the papers" some years tjack, I forget
the date : upon inquiry being instituted, it was
found that thai identical spot ha4 been the flower-
garden in King Charles I.'s time.
One of the most remarkable cases of the vitality,
and therefore the germination of the seeds, oc-
curred tp Jkjr. Martin F. Tupper, tjje well-known
author ; a friend of his gave him twelve grains of
wheat taken out of a vase in a mummy pit at
Thebes. Mr. Tupper planted these in garden-
pots ; and four of the seeds grew, and brought
forth fruit. A most interesting account of this
wonder was published in The Gardeners' Chronicle,
Saturday, November 11, 1843; together with a
woodcut of the ear of wheat produced from one
of these grains. One of my intimate friends saw
these four plants growing, and there can be no
"doubt of their genuine authenticity. CENTURION.
Athenaeum.
Under the head of "Spontaneous Plants," I
have the following note from a paper of the
date : —
" On boring for water lately [June 1832], at Kingston-
upon-Thames, some earth was brought up from a depth
of 360 feet ; this earth was carefully covered over with a
hand-glass, to prevent the possibility of any other seed
being deposited on it : yet, in a short time, plants vegetated
from it. If quick-lime be put upon land which from
time immemorial has produced nothing but heather, the
heather will be killed, and white clover spring up in its
place."
Is this latter assertion a fact ?
The following on the same subject is given in
the Magazine of Science, 1839 : —
" After the great fire of London, 1666, the entire sur~
face of the destroyed city was covered with such a vast
profusion of a cruciferous plant, the Sisymbrium irio of
Linnaeus, that it was calculated that the whole of the
rest of Europe could not contain so many plants of it. It
is also known, that if a spring of salt water makes its
appearance in a spot, even at a great distance from the
sea, the neighbourhood is soon covered with plants pecu-
liar to a maritime locality, which plants have previously
been quite strangers to the country.
" In a work upon the Useful Mosses, by M. de Brebis-
son, this botanist states that a pond, in the neighbour-
hood of Falain, having been rendered dry during many
weeks in the height of summer, the mud, ip drying, was
immediately covered, to the extent of many square yards,
by a minute, compact green leaf, formed by an almost
imperceptible moss (the Phaseum axil/are), the stalks of
which were so close to each other, that upon a square
inch of this new soil might be counted more than five
thousand individuals of this minute plant, which had
never previously been observed in the country."
As slightly connected with this subject, may I
ask if there is any foundation for the following,
quoted from St. Pierre, by Sir R. Phillips ?
" Barley, in rainy years, degenerates into oats ; and
oats, in drv seasons, changes into barley. These facts,
related by Pliny, Galen, and Mathiola, have been con-
firmed by the experiments of naturalists."
R. W. HACKWOOD.
Coffer (2nd S. ii. 69.)— In the glossary of Ar-
chitecture, vol. i., I find the Jojjqwjng explanation
of this word : " Coffer, a deep panel in a ceding ;
the same as a pampw." Caisson was a term
adopted frqin tj^e French, for tb.e small panels of.
flat and a«hed ceilings,. F. M.
Ellastone, Staffordshire."!
118
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
[2«*S. #032., Aua. 9. '56.
Aristotle's Logic (2nd S. ii. 81, 82.) —There is
an edition of Aristotle's Organon in two volumes
by Theod. Waitz, Ph. Dr., Lipsiae, Hahnii, 1844
— 46. It contains the Greek Testament, with
various readings at the foot of the page ; and at
the end of each treatise are some Latin note*.
H. A. C.
Aristotle's Proverbs (2nd S. ii. 48.) —'.Diogenes
Laertius, in his Catalogue of Aristotle's writings,
mentions a Book of Proverbs. ZEUS.
Benjamin Franklin (2nd S. ii. 76.) — For the
sake of accuracy I may be permitted through the
editor's indulgence to correct an error into which
I have fallen by trusting too much to memory, in
stating Franklin to have been " the minister pleni-
potentiary from the American Congress to the
court of London," in 1779, instead of to the
court of France ; and to atone for this mistake I
shall give an amusing extract from the French
Louse (formerly quoted), depicting the philosopher
at this important time of his political career :
"In order better to observe him (says the Louse, p. 19.)
I fastened upon a flower which adorned my mistress's
hair. By good fortune I found myself placed directly
opposite to monsieur ambassador, "and here I must ac-
knowledge that I was not able to forbear laughing heartily
when I contemplated the grotesque figure of this original,
who with a vulgar person and a mean appearance affected
the air and gestures of a fop. A sun burnt complexion,
a wrinkled forehead, warts in many places which might
be said to be as graceful in him as the moles that dis-
tinguished the sweet face of the Countess of Barry. With
these he had the advantage of a double chin, to which
was added a great bulk of nose, and teeth which might
have been taken for cloves had they not been set fast in a
thick ja\v. This, or something very like this, is the true
picture of his excellency. As for his eyes I could not
distinguish them because of the situation I was in, and
besides a large pair of spectacles hid two-thirds of his
face."
A portrait of Franklin (said to be an original)
which may be seen in the Glasgow Athenceum
Reading Room corroborates in several of its details
the above description. G. ]\T.
Parish Registers (2nd S. ii. 66.) — It will be
very necessary for any Member who brings before
Parliament a project for printing parish registers
to be able to give some idea of the expense. I
suggest, therefore, that only registers prior to
1700 should be printed, and that they should be
printed verbatim. If one of your correspondents
would have the register of a small parish printed,
and keep an^ account of the expense, it would
assist the object very much ; he might dispose of
copies to many of your subscribers to reimburse
himself.
I possess several printed pamphlets containing
" extracts " from registers, but I believe that the
only entire register printed verbatim is that printed
by me .in 1831 (the Livre des Anglois a Geneve,
pp. 18.), from a copy examined with the original
by the late Sir Egerton Brydges.
The greatest difficulty in effecting this im-
portant object will be the copy for the printer, as
many of the early registers are only legible by
those accustomed to the character and abbrevia-
tions of the sixteenth century. It was only last
month that I was requested by a rural dean to
pay him a visit and decipher some early registers
in his deanery. As the parishes must have a
period of two or three years to carry out the
measure, should it pass into a law, it will afford
time for the incumbents, where necessary, to pro-
cure the assistance of some antiquarian friend to
collate the obscure portions of their register.
J. S. BURN.
Grove House, Henley.
"Pence a piece" (2nd S. ii. 66.) — I can in-
form your correspondent W. (1.) that this form
of expression is not confined to Herefordshire,
but is in constant use here, as in other parts of
Ireland, to the entire exclusion of the legitimate
" penny a piece." As to its etymology I cannot
give him any certain information, but it seems to
me probable that it is a modification of two, three,
four, pence, &c., the numeral being omitted in the
case of a single penny. H. DRAPER.
Dublin.
In answer to the Query of W., as to the an-
tiquity and locality of this mode of expression, I
have to observe that it prevails in Staffordshire,
where fifty years ago I remember a familiar ex-
pression of a woman who sold gingerbread, fruit,
&c., and being asked the price of some of her com-
modities, used to answer, " They are halfpence a
piece." F. C. H.
In answer to the Query as to the locality of the
phrase " Pence-a-piece," I can give my mite of
information, that a similar expression, " Pennies-
a-piece," is common in Scotland. E. E. BYNG.
Plunketts "Light to the Blind" (1st S. vi. 341.)
— This MS. is in the possession of the 'Earl of
Fingall, and is the work of a zealous Roman
Catholic and a mortal enemy of England. The
date on the title-page is 1711. Large extracts
from it are among the Mackintosh MSS. ; and
it is frequently referred to by Mr. Macaulay.
ABHBA.
Rubrical Query (1st S. x. 127.) — Looking over
the past numbers of " N. & Q.," I met with the
following Query by the REV. WM. ERASER :
" The rubric to the versicles that precede the three
collects at Morning and Evening Prayer states, ' Then
the priest standing up, shall say,' &c. After this rubric,
on what authority does the priest kneel down again ? "
This question is at once disposed of by refer-
ence to the following rubric which intervenes be-
2«d S. NO 32., AUG. 9. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
119
tween the versicles above-named and the " Second
Collect, for Peace," in the Morning Service :
" Then shall follow three collects ; the first of the day,
which shall be the same that is appointed at the Com-
munion ; the second for Peace ; the third for Grace to
live well. And the two last collects shall never alter,
but daily be said at Morning Prayer throughout all the
year, as followeth ; all kneeling"
The corresponding rubric in The Order for
Evening Prayer runs thus :
- « Then shall follow" three Collects ; the first of the
Dav ; the second for Peace ; the third for Aid against all
Perils, as hereafter followeth; which two last collects
shall be daily said at Evening Prayer without alteration."
It was unnecessary to repeat in the rubric pre-
fixed to the collects in the Evening Service
what had been explicitly stated in the correspond-
ing rubric in the Morning Service, namely, that
the collects should be said, all kneeling. M. A.
Galilee (2nd S. i. 131. 197. 243.) — In the In-
dex to the First Vol. of the New Series of " N". &
Q." the word "Galilee" is set down as being
synonymous with " porch." According to Mabil-
lon it is synonymous with " nave," as the following
extract will testify :
" Idem Willelmus eodem anno, ordinationis su«e secundo,
teloneum in fluvio Ligeris ad castrum Langey recuperasse
dicitur: cujus rei charta primaria facta est in Galilcea
monasterii, id est navi Ecchsice, et transcripta in libro
notitiarum." — Mabillon, Annales Benedictini, a. 1105.
§ 100. vol. v. p. 477. Paris, 1713.
W. B. MACCABE.
Device of Crescent and Star on Ecclesiastical
Seals (2nd S. ii. 89.) — The seal of the Dean
and Chapter of Water-ford referred to by the
REV. JAMES GRAVES, has been engraved by Mr.
Rich. Caulfield, in his Sigilla Ecclesia Hibernicce
Illustrata, Part u. pi. 3., and described at p. 18. In
an explanation of the Crescent and Star, he refers
to p. 8., where it says that the " Star is the symbol
of the Epiphany, and that the Crescent signifies
the increase of the Gospel." Z.
English Words terminating in " il " (2nd S. ii.
47.) — Your correspondent E. C. H. remarks on
the small number of English words having the
termination z7, and gives the five words peril, civil,
council, evil, devil, as the only ones occurring to
him at the time. He may wish to be reminded of
the fifteen following words in addition, all having
the termination il: codicil, pencil, lentil, until,
cavil, stencil, pistil, tendril, tumbril, tranquil, tonsil,
vigil, basil, jonquil, nostril. T. J. E.
Human Leather (2nd S. ii. 68.) — The human
leather nailed on some of our old church-doors is
lid to have been originally the skins, or portions
of the skins, of Danes. The old Bohemian leader,
Ziska, ordered that his body should be flayed
after his decease, and the skin be converted into
the head of a drum. These instances, however,
of making leather or parchment of human skin
are well known. With respect to specimens of
skin in museums, I know of only one example. In
the museum of the Philosophical Institution at
Reading, there was, some years ago, and perhaps
there still is, a small portion of the skin of Jeremy
Bentham. I remember that it bore a close re-
semblance to a yellow and shrivelled piece of
parchment. J. DORAN.
Ornamental Hermits. — Some of your earlier
volumes (1st S. v. vi.) contained Queries on this
subject. Is this note worth adding?
"Archibald Hamilton, afterwards Duke of Hamilton
(as his daughter, Lady Dunmore, told me), advertised for
' a hermit ' as an ornament to his pleasure grounds ; and
it was stipulated that the said hermit should have his
beard shaved but once a year, and that only partially." —
Rogers' s Table-Talk, p. 77.
A. A. D.
Fairies (2nd S. i. 393.) — It may interest some
to know, that the July number of the Spiritual
Herald contains an account of the fairy- seership
of an educated lady of our own time, not less re-
markable than that mentioned in "N". & Q." of
an untaught Cornish girl of 200 years ago. I
transcribe a few lines relating the commencement
of this fairy- seership, and also a curious mention
of Shakspeare : —
" I used to spend a great deal of my time alone in our
garden, and I think it must have been soon after my
brother's death, that I first saw (or perhaps recollect
seeing) fairies. I happened one day to break (with a
little whip I had) the flower of a buttercup; a little
while after, as I was resting on the grass, I heard a tiny,
but most beautiful voice, saying, 'Buttercup, who has
broken your house ? ' Then another voice replied, ' That
little girl that is lying close by you.' I listened in great
wonder, and looked about me, until I saw a daisy, in
which stood a little figure not larger, certainly, than one
of its petals.
" When I was between three and four years old, we
removed to London, and I pined sadly for my country
home and my fairy friends. I saw none of them for a
long time ; I think because I was discontented ; I did not
try to make myself happy. At last I found a copy of
Shakespeare in my father's study, which delighted me so
much (though I don't suppose I understood much of it),
that I soon forgot we were living where I could not see
a tree or a flower. I used to take the book, and my little
chair, and sit in a paved yard we had (I could see the
sky there). One day, as I was reading the Midsummer
Night's Dream, I happened to look up, and saw before
me a patch of soft, green grass, with the fairy ring upon
it ; whilst I was wondering how it came, my old friends
appeared, and acted the whole play (I suppose to amuse
me). After this, they often came, and did the same with
some of the other plavs."
A.R.
Council of Lima (2nd S. i. 510.) — CLERICUS
(D.) will find some account of the decrees of the
Council of Lima in the Continuation of Fleury's
Hist. Eccles., vol. xxiv. 1. 176. ch. 72. F. C. H.
120
,
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd s. NO 32., AUG. 9. '56.
Mrs. Siddons (2nd S. ii. 89.) — With regard to
Mrs. Siddons making her first appearance on the
stage at Stourbridg«, I have heard from an old
relation who knew the circumstances, that the
occasion was for the benefit of the company, which
was but indifferent in their profession, and very
poor. Some attractions they doubtless had, and
the officers of a regiment stationed in the town'
volunteered their assistance. Mrs. Siddons, then
a lively girl of fifteen years of age, enacted the
heroine of the piece, and having to faint in the
hero's arms, she burst out laughing, and ran off
the stage to the great annoyance of the officer,
who afterwards declared he felt " so provoked that
he could almost have stabbed her." I think the
play was the Grecian Daughter, but of this I am
not quite sure, as I do not know that play.
E. S. W.
Norwich.
Wolves (2nd S. i. 96. 282.) — The following par-
ticulars, which form a note to Macaulay's History
of England, vol. iii. p. 136., are interesting :
"In a very full account of the British isles published at
Nuremberg in 1690, Kerry is described as ' an vielen
Orten umvegsam und voller Walder und Gebiirge.'
Wolves still infested Ireland. 'Kein schadlich Thier 1st
da, ausserhalb Wolff und Fiichse.' So late as the year
1710 money was levied on presentments of the Grand
Jury of Kerry [ ?] for the destruction of wolves in that
county. See' Smith's Ancient and Modern State of the
County of Kerry, 1756. [p. 173.] I do not know that I
have ever met with a better book of the kind and of the
size. In a poem published as late as 1719, and entitled
Macdermot, or the Irish Fortune Hunter, in six cantos,
wolf-hunting and wolf-spearing are represented as common
sports in Minister. In William's reign Ireland was some-
times called by the nickname of Wolfland. Thus in a
poem on the battle of La Hogue, called Advice to a
Painter, the terror of the Irish army is thus described :
' A chilling damp,
' And Wolfland howl runs thro' the rising camp.' "
ABHBA.
Medal of Charles I. (2nd S. ii. 29.) — It may
interest G. H. C. to know that I have a comme-
morative medal of Charles I. It is of bronze, two
inches in diameter. On the obverse is the profile
of that ill-fated sovereign, with the inscription,
" Carol. D. G. M. B. F. ET. H. BEX. ET. GLOR. MEM."
On the reverse a landscape, a naked arm issuant
from the clouds, and extending a martyral crown,
with the legend, " VIRTVTEM. EX. ME. FORTVNAM.
EX. ALIIS." I should like to compare " notes " with
your trinitial Querist G. H. C. on our Carolinian
relics. E. L. S.
Deans, Canons, and Prebendaries of Cathedrals
(2nd S. ii. 89.) — SCRIPSIT will find the sought-for
information in Report of the Commissioners ap-
pointed by King William the Fourth to inquire into
the Ecclesiastical Revenues of England and Wales,
(dated June 16, 1835) ; presented to loth Houses
of Parliament by Command of His Majesty. Vide
Hansard's sale list of Parliamentary Papers, from
Session 1836 to 1853, title, "Papers presented by
Command," year 1836-(67). Ecclesiastical He-
venues, England and Wales, Report of Commis-
sioners, 11$. HENRY EDWARDS.
? In Mr. Hardy's edition of Le Neve's Fasti, and in
the Clergy List, the names of the prebendal stalls
are given. In the Clergy List will also be found
the various parishes forming rural deaneries.
MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A.
" To call a spade a spade" (2nd S. ii. 26.) — In
1st S. iv. 456. a note of Scaliger is cited, in which
this saying is traced to Aristophanes. The verse
in question appears from the quotation of Lucian,
Quom. Hist, sit conscrib., to have been —
" Ta crvKa crvna., -ri]v <TKo.$-f\v VKO-^V Aeytov."
See also Lucian, Jov. Trag , 32. Other references
to this verse, which is nowhere ascribed by name
to Aristophanes, are given in the note of C. F.
Hermann, in his edition of the former treatise,
p. 248. The proverb is inserted in the Adagia of
Erasmus, under the head of " Libertas, Veritas."
L.
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favour of the Publisher, MR. GEOBOB BELL, No. 186. Fleet Street.
NO 33,, AUG. 16. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
121
LONDON, SATURDAY, AUGUST 16, 1856.
ANCIENT PARISH BOOKS AT EAST BERGHOLT,
SUFFOLK.
In the church at this place there is a massive
oak chest, apparently at least three hundred years
old, which contains various books relative to pa-
rochial affairs, in pretty good preservation, and
from which the following particulars have been
selected :
" Anno Dui 1579 et in Anno Regni Dne yre xxi Elisa-
beth.ee Dei Gratia Anglie Fraucie et Hibernie regine,
&c."
" A Boke intituled the boke of accounte for the store
housse ffor the provissione for the pore, withe the entries
of recorde of the givers of all suche somes of monye as to
the same to belonge, and the order appoynted for the
same, with a remembrance of the Charters and Libertie of
this towne of East Bergholt, arid the coppies of the store
housse and other hotisses belonging to the pore, wh° are
kept in a cheste in the belfrye, under the locke, whereof
the one kye remayneth withe the churchwardens, one
other withe the minister, and the other with the provider
ffor the pore ffor the tyme beinge, and wretten the sea-
venthe daie of November and in the year above said.
"Memorand. whereas these giftes hereafter recyted,
and all such as hereafter shall be geven and wreten in
this boke which somes and evry p.cell thereof ys geven
to the intente and purpose that the same shoulde be
yerely and every yere imployed and bestowed uppon
corhe, chese, buttef, and other necessarie vittales to be
boughte ffor ready monye, or the same monye or such pte
thereof to be laide oute aforhande by the disscresions of
the p.vider for the tyme beinge. To the intente to buye
the same come and other vittales at the reasonablest
pryce that the same maie be hadd, and the same to be
soullde agayne by the saide p.vider for the tyme beinge
to such pore ffo'lke as shall be yerely named by the
p.viders disscression that shall take the same ffor the
yere then to come, and the p.vider whiche. shall geve
upp his accounte for the yere past, withe the consent of
two, three, or ffower of the chefest of the p.rish, that ys
or then shall be at suche reasonable pryses as the same
maye convenientlye be afforded at the disscression of the
saide p.vider for the tyme beinge. So as the saides whole
stocke may be reserved and kept whole with some in-
crease of the saide stocke, yf the same maye conveniently
be taken ffor the better performance of and goeinge for-
ward in this good intente and purpose, yt is agreed by
consent of the moste of the chefest of the inhabitants of
this towne of East Bergholt whose names are here under
wreten, that there shall be chosen and named yerely and
every yere, on Easter mundaye or tuesdaye, by the con-
sent of the churchwardens for the tyme beinge, and ten,
aight, six, or ffour, or three at the leaste of the chefest of
the towne, one of the inhabitants of the saide towne to be
named the p.vider for the pore for the yere then next to
come, and to begynne his yere at the ffeaste of Pentecost,
which saide p.vider withe the churchwardens then beinge
and the other townsmen, aight, six, four or three, the
saide p.vider for the yere then ended shall geve upp his
account, and deliver such monye as he shall have re-
cevyed of the same stocke, with the come and vittales
whiche shall then remayne, yf any be, beinge good,
sweete, and merchantable, such as shall be accepted by
the newe p.vider. The churchwardens, and ten, aight,
sixe, ffouer or three other at the leaste shall like of to be
worthe the same pryce as he shall rate the same at, or
ells to make whole the saide stocke which he shall have
recyved, and the same p.sentlye to delyver to the p.vider
then newlye chosen.
" Item, yt is agreed by oure consente whose names are
hereunder wreten, that the p.vider ffor the tyme and yere
to come shall enter bonde to the .churchwardens then
beinge, in tenn pounde of good and lawful monye, more
than the some which he shall recyve, to make a trewe
account of the saide stocke, or to paye the saide stocke to
the saide newe p.vider, churchwardens, and other of the
townsmen, and the same bonde to be made, sealled, and
delivered accordinge to such effecte as new p.vider hathe
alredye begonne. The whole Bonde shall be and re-
mayne in the sayed cheste provided for these causes.
Allso yt is agreed by the saide p.ties whose names are
hereunder wreten, that yf it happen anye of the saide
p.ties who maye be chosen and named to be p.vider for
anye yere to come shall refuse to doo the same, and to
accomplishe this good order in every poynte accordinge
to the good intente begonne, then the said p.tie so refus-
inge shall loose and paye twenty shillings of lawful
monye for his discharge of that yere onlye, to be and re-
mayne to the increase of this stocke. And there shall be
chosen one other by the like consente as for the same
cause ys p.vided and appoynted. Itm., yf it shall happen
that this good order and purpose be not observed and
kept, but that the same stocke lye deade by the space of
one whole yere and be not imployed, bestowed, and or-
dered according to the trewe meanyinges of the sayd
givers of the same, as in the saide severall giftes are re-
ersed, that then the same stocke shall be and remayne
unto the same persons againe their executors or assigns,
or the executors of suche as by Will have geven the
same or suche p.tye as ys by them geven, to be and re-
mayne as in their fformer estate at the tyme of the deli-
verye of the same pte of the sayed stocke."
[Here follow the signatures.]
" Here followeth a trewe rehersall or declaration of all
such several somes of mortye as hathe been geven by
certen of the inhabitants of this towne by theire owne
hands, or willed by there last wills, to be geven for the
increasinge of a stocke of monye to be used and imployed
to the buyenge of come and other victualls for the benefite
of the pore, with the names of all suche as hath geven or
willed the saide^severall somes of money to be geven.
"1608. An extreme sharpe frost, whn so moch foulk
and fysh dyed by the frost.
" 1637. Collected the 5th of June of the inhabitants of
East Bergholt for arid towards a vollentary gift for the
releife of the poore of Hadlygh, which was vissited with
the plague, and was payed to Mr. T. Bretton of Hitcham.
The some of monye so collected was twentie pounds,
eygtheen shillirigs and twopence.
"The sixteenth day of September, 1650, att the house
of Abraham Newton then mett, itt was agreed as follows.
That Captaine Goff doe speake unto the Churchwardens
to repaire the church speedily, and that Goodman James
Hayward specke unto Goodman Turner to ringe the ser-
mon bell a longer distance of time than usually he hath
done before the little bell, and a longer season to ringe it
Out, that the inhabitants afarr off may well heare it. vlhe
19th of May, 1651. Imprimis, it is agreed that there shall
be but foure houses licensed for drawinge of beere, two
in the Streete, one at Gaston's End, and the other at
Baker's End. Anthony Bunn to sell beere without doores
at Baker's End. Also it is ordered that Goodman Pim-
merton be asked to go to a Justice and renew a warrant
122
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
S. NO 33., AUG. 16. '56.
for preventing a shoemaker from making a settlement in
our towne.
" April 4th, 1659, beinjf Easter Monday. It is agreed y*
the neighbours of the towne set about looking what mis-
orders be in the said towne, and take care for the pre-
venting and punishing them, as of Inmates, Unlicensed
Ale houses, strangers roming into the towne, and all other
misdemeanours, llth November, 1660. Imprimis, agreed
y* not any of the poore but such as take Collection, and
are very poore besides, shall have any coals measured
and att nine pence a bushel to be sold. The 2nd day of
September, 1661.* Ordered as followeth: Imprimis, y* the
officers and some otber of the townsmen do goe and take
notice of what disorders are in the Alehouses, and of what
inmates and strangers are in the towne, as alsoe to exe-
cute the warrants against offenders that are already
taken out. Memorand. July 3rd, 1670. Collected by the
Churchwardens of East Bergholt, by vertue of his Ma-
jesty's letters patent for the redemption of several ma-
rine"rs out of slavery in the galleys, the juste sum of three
shillings and eight pence. 1671. The monye that hath
been gathered for ye slavery in Turkey is £6. 12. 2^.
1681. Feby 27. Imp3. It is ordered that all inmates shall
have kindly notis by the churchwardens and overseers to
clean their houses before our Ladj7 day next insuing, or
els they will be prosecuted and proceeded against accord-
ing to law. March ye 2nd, 1684. It is ordered and agreed
yt i{\\ ye weights, scales, and measures belonging to ye
alefounders, alias ale-tasters, be sufficiently repaired and
amended fitting for their use, and the charges thereof to
be disbursed by yc present treasurer for ye town lands and
stock, and if ye said alefounders at present or y° succeed-
ing ones shall neglect to execute their office according to
their oaths, that then yc said treasurer Mr Wm Ellis pre-
sent or indite them at yc next assizes wch seem most
convenient to him. April 20th, 1685. It is ordered and
agreed that if any person lets a house to a foreigner, ye
tenant of which proves a charge to ye town, that then ye
landlord shall be double rated. Item, it ordered that Mr
Richd Michell and Mr Edward Clark fetch a warrant for
any person or persons that shall set up any stall or booth
for the pretended fair this present year. May 3rd, 1686.
Collected \)y the Minister and Churchwardens by vertue
of his Majesty's letters pattent for the releif of the French
Protestants, £08. 17. 6. May 24^, 1686. Imprimis. That
whereas Mr Ray, Chirurgeon, did cure ye hand of Henry
Newman, it is left to the discretion of ye present overseers
to pay yc same. 1690. Collected for the Irish Protest-
ants, £05. 03. 07. 1692, June 26th. Collected towards
the redemption of 500 Christians in Turkish slaverv,
£04 12. 02. 1693. Grace Granger, a vagabond sent to
Maidstone in Kent, 5th April, hath a child wth her, al-
lowed 40 daies to pass. Decr 13th. Pd for 2 bottles of
sack to heel the women, 14s 00d. 1694. Whereas com-
plaint was made, July 14, against the Churchwardens
and overseers of the Parish of East Bergholt in Suffolk,
before the Right Worshipfull Edmund Bohun, Esq., Jus-
tice of the Peace for the sd County, by John Clarke, La-
bourer, that bee the sd John was lame and aged, and stood
in need of greater maintenance than was allowed him by
the s'1 Officers, and before the sd Justice Bohun did averr
that himselfe, the sd John Clarke, was sixty six years of
age and unable to earn his living, and that bee had like-
wise two children unable to earn their liveing, and that
the sd officers have allowed him the sd John only seven
shillings in ten weeks past for and towards maintenance
* After this date is the following: " 1663, It is agreed
that ye next towne meetinge be at Mr. John Clarke's, on
Whitsun munday next, and that every man bring his
wife along with him."
for himself and family : Wee the inhabitants of the sd
Parish have met together and made diligent search into
the truth of this complaint, and find by the register the
sd John Clarke is about 58 years of age ; that he have
two children is acknowledged, both of them daughters,
but the eldest is soe old that she is adjudged marriage-
able, the youngest daily work and earn more, as we verily
beleive, than will and doe maintaine a poor child of like
age in another family. As to that part of the complaint
stating that he have been allowed but seven shillings for
ten weeks past: Wee the sd officers have given the sd
John twelve shillings in nine weeks past. The sd John
now lives in a town house and pay no rent ; and that the
sd John and his family eat and drinke as well and wear
as good habit as 'many of the eminent inhabitants that
pay very considerably to the poor of our sd parish. And
the sd John Clarke by himselfe or his wife doe boastingly
affirm that hee or shee have lent to a certain clothier,
who at their house put out spinning worke, and doe com-
monly soe doe (if need require) lend him the sd clothier
three" pounds, sometimes less, to pay the spinners. And
wee have testimony ready to be made that the wife of
the sd John did vauntingly speak amongst some of her
poor neighbours in his hearing, that she would in a quar-
ter of an hour produce thirty pounds ; and in the begin-
ning of March last past the sd John Clarke and his wife
made complaint before the Right Worshipful Sir Adam
Holton, by whom they were not credited. The present
officer sent Clarke's wife eighteen pence to buy salve to
cure his legg, of which legg hee complain hee is so lame.
But his sd wife have often declared that for six pence she
can cure the legg, and if she please make the" same leg
very sore and frightful, to move the Justice to whom she
complains on behalf of her husband, and so move him to
pity and procure an order for larger maintenance than
they doe stand in need of. Pursuant to the advice of
the sd Justice Bohun we have caused this defence to be
written in the toun book, and the names of the chief in-
habitants to be subscribed, and humbly pray that the sd
John Clarke may not be credited against us in such fal-
lacys, wee being willing to allow him and them what
maintenance wee judge needful, upon just application
being made. July 18th, 1694. I am fully satisfied with
this certificate, and discharge the complaint as causeless.
EDMUND BOHUN.
" 1709. Memd. Mr. Thomas Cleer was nominated to
be overseer, he preferring to be excused on account of his
infirmities, and agreeing to give five pounds to find cloth-
ing for the poor, he is unanimously excused from being
overseer for the present year. 1711, Decr. Paid for 3
horses journeys to Justice Thurston's for a warrant for ye
2 tailors and 2 shoemakers, and journey to Stoke, 3s Od.
1714, July 18th. For beer and wine, and for a dinner att
ye cutting out of ye cloth for ye poor, Ol1 12s 00d. But I
only charge 15s for beer, wine, and ye dinner. 1719,
Jan. 27. Imprimis. Whenever any person belonging to
the parish shall come to ask relief, before any is given
the officer to go and inventory the sd persons goods.
1720, Novr 30th. Ordered that the churchwardens or
overseers do directly get a warrant to take up several
straggling wenches, &c. that keep about our town. 1721,
Decr 27. Ordered that the Churchwardens and Overseers
do take up all the young fellows and wenches that are at
their own hand, and make them shew cause before a Jus-
tice why they dont go to service. 1724. Ordered that yc
overseers get a warrant for those young women that wont
go to service. 1730, April 15. Ordered that the Church-
wardens for the time being do pay for every old fox or
badger, five shillings, and for every young one that is a
runner half a crown, excepting for a litter, and for them
twelve pence a piece. Ordered, May 28th, that Mr. Gul-
2nd S. NO 33., AUG. 16. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
123
lifer the present churchwarden pay John Howgego 2s 6d
each for 2 foxes killed by him since our order dated
April 15th last, for which Sam. Cooper ye late church-
warden paid him but 2s 6d a piece. Whereas it hath been
an antient custom in the parish of East Bergholt, in the
County of Suffolk, for the Chief Inhabitants to meet once
a month or thereabouts at each others houses, there in a
friendly manner to consult and advise and order about
the poor, and the school, and other affairs of the sd parish,
which custom has of late been laid aside, to the detriment
of the poor and hindrance of parish business, and lessen-
ing that love and unity which should be among pa-
rishioners and neighbours : In order, therefore, to revive
the sd laudable custom, for the good ends intended by it,
The chief inhabitants of the sd parish have agreed to
revive these neighbourly meetings at each others houses
as heretofore, upon due notice given in the church on the
Sunday before the sd meeting, and so to continue succes-
sively each one in his turn. 1722, Septr. 19th. Ordered
that an enquiry be made into ye cause of Abraham Rey-
nold's sory death, and to know ye reason why the Coroner
exacted so much money. Septr 24th. Ordered that the
Coroner be prosecuted "according to law at the next
It appears from the above that this coroner
carried out " Crowner's quest law " in a manner
that was disapproved of by the parishioners.
How he passed through his ordeal at the assizes
is not stated.
« 1738, Octr 28. Agreed at a vestry that John Perri-
man shall be allowed 21 12s to keep the boy Murgen a
year from the date hereof, he to provide wearing apparel
for the sd boy, and leave him in good repair at the end of
the year. 1740, Jany 7th. Agreed at a vestry that Mr.
Jno Cook have the boy Jno Cook from this date to Mich8
1742, he to find the said boy with meat, drink, washing,
and lodging, with apparele, and at the expiration of ye
said terme to leave him in as good repair as he found him,
which is very good. 1748, June 1st. Ordered that no
parish officer shall be allowed to pay any carpenter,
Mason, Plumber, and Glazier more than two pence a day
for lowance for a man, half an hour allowed at breakfast
and one hour at dinner.
" 1748, Octr 5th. Samuel Folkerd hath agreed to take
the girl Rose Cook and maintain her with meat, drink,
washing, and lodging, in sickness and in health, till
Mich8 next, the parishions agreeing to put her in neces-
sary repair fit to go into his house, and the said Samuel
Folkerd has promised to leave her in as good repair as he
took her. 1749, May 3'd. Agreed that Tho« Hills's boy
shall go to Dr Tanner's to have his head looked after.
1752, March 30th. It is agreed with James Vincent that
if he get the boy Hill's head cured by next Easter, we
will pay him for that cure fifteen shillings, besides what
we pay him for his board. 1753. Mr John Lewis to take
Josh Rose for a year, Mr Rashbrooke the boy Sam. Wool-
lard for ye year. The parish to find both those boys with
ware and tare, and if any broken limbs, then the parish
to pay all expenses.*'
These extracts were made by Mr. James Tay-
ler, the present respected churchwarden of the
above parish. At my request he kindly allowed
me to transcribe them from his note-book, and
offer them for insertion in " N. & Q." Here it
may be observed that there are many items of
interest to antiquaries and others to be found in
old parish books, if those who have access to them
would in a leisure hour look them over and
make extracts therefrom. G. BLENCOWE.
Manningtree.
GOETHE ON THE " ANTIGONE OF SOPHOCLES.
In the conversation reported by Eckermann
(March 28, 1827) on this subject, Goethe objects
to the expressions of Antigone (v. 911.), where
the Greek is thus represented : " I cannot have
another brother ; for since my mother and father
are dead, there is no one to beget one." (Oxen-
ford's Trans., i. 372.) This is certainly putting
the case strongly against a tragedy of Sophocles.
But Goethe was either ignorant or unmindful of
the history and the moral principle (jlvos vd^ov)
expressly referred to by Antigone. This is found
in Herodotus (iii. c. 119.), where Darius granting
the life of one prisoner to the wife of Intaphernes,
she selects, not her husband or children — much to
the surprise of Darius — but says, after some de-
liberation (j8ouA.6uo-a^€i/7?), " If indeed the king will
grant me only one life, I select my brother before
all." Darius inquires her reason for preferring
her brother to her husband and children. She
replies, " If fortune (Sai^wi/) permit, I may have
another husband and other children ; but as my
father and mother are no longer living, I can
never have another brother ; therefore I neces-
sarily select him." (rainy Trj yv&ur) xpew/uej/?? eA.e£cc
raCro.) Darius was so pleased with this answer,
that he spared the life of her eldest son as well as
her brother.
If we object with Goethe to the Greek stand-
point as respects this 7^*7, we must also reject
the motive of the whole tragedy, which involves
the necessity of covering the dead corpse with
three handfuls of earth to ensure the entrance of
its spirit into Hades. But as Goethe did not ob-
ject to this, the greater absurdity to the moderns,
neither ought he to object to the minor absurdit}',
both being equally true in Greek tragic art. So-
phocles wrote for the Athenian stage : had he
written for Weimar, Paris, or London, he would
not have been guilty of either of these absurdities.
Therefore, Goethe's wish that some apt philologist
might prove this verse to be interpolated or
spurious is nugatory.
To counteract the low prose of Eckermann, I
add Dr. Thos. Francklin's translation of the pas-
sage referred to by Goethe :
" Another husband and another child
Might sooth affliction ; but, my parents dead,
A. brother's loss could never be repaired,
And therefore did I dare the venturous deed,
And therefore die by Creon's dread command."
But as Goethe, who had read largely in Greek,
appears surprised at this passage in the Antigone,
others may entertain the like opinion, and partly
124
NOTES AND QUEBIES.
. NO 33., AUG. 16. '56.
from deference to his judgment. It is therefore
necessary to bear in mind that, whilst in modern
Europe the marriage ^tie is generally held to be of
a religious character' it was deemed in ancient
Greece little more than a mercantile bargain ; for
there the married women were not so much the
companions of their husbands, as slaves inia su-
perior grade. The Jietarce were almost the only
accomplished women of the time, and they were
immoral ; nevertheless, Greeks of distinction, and
even men proud of their ethics, visited these
women. (Xenoph. J\^emor^ jii. 11.) With respect
to affection for their offspring, the Scriptores
erotici Grceci make the exposure of infants, from
comparatively slight causes, a turning incident in
their novels. A view of the ancient Greek, in his
domestic aspect, will explain very clearly the com-
paratively loose hold which the husband and
child had, in fact, on the affection of wife and
mother. The cause of the strong affection sub-
sisting between brothers and sisters is explained
by Aristotle. (De Moribus, viii. 12. 14.; Polit.,
vii. 7.) T. J. BUCKTON.
Lichfield.
REV. MR. THOMAS CRANE, M.A.
The Puritans of England holding a distinguished
place in the annals of her liberties, their writings
and memories ought to be specially cherished. In
their works will often be found an account of those
feelings and incidents that animated them, which
convey to the mind a much more striking portrait
of their characters than what may be gathered
from the illustrations of modern commentators.
I dare say some of the thick massive venerable
tomes, with their strong rude strapped bindings,
which were in those days issued from the press,
and greedily bought up for spiritual consolation
and remembrance of the dearly beloved pastor,
may now be considered by not a few persons as
repulsive, and the subjects as heavy, elaborately
treated, and quaint in style, and which, when com-
pared with the present flimsy religious literature,
must be admitted as true ; yet I cannot help
thinking that in general a patient reading of those
old-fashioned records will be adequately recom-
pensed by a valuable addition to our knowledge.
I might adduce many examples of such, were it
necessary; in the meantime I may mention one
book, the perusal of which has lately given me
both pleasure and instruction ; in size it is but a
child (8vo. pp. 544.) to some of the giants belong-
ing to the same school of divinity, and I suppose
has now become rather a rarity :
" Tsagoge ad Dei Providentiam ; or, a Prospect of Di-
vine Providence. By T. C., M.A. London : printed by
A. Maxwell for Edward Brewster, at the Sign of the
Crane in St. Paul's Churchyard, 1G72."
Having been pleased with an author, we are
naturally inclined to know as much of his history
as we can obtain, and disappointed at any obstacle
in exploring it. It may be remarked as not a
little curious the practice that then prevailed of so
many of the Puritan divines burying their names
in their publications under initials, while their
printers and booksellers displayed themselves and
their addresses on the title-pages at full length.
From " T. C." we might have conjectured long
enough to whom we were indebted for this mas-
terly exposition of God's Providence. The benefit
of Captain Cuttle's advice in " making a Note,"
may here be instanced. A contemporary of
Crane's, and who had likely been himself one of
the persecuted brethren, takes up fhe volume be-
fore me, and probably as a niemorial of friendship
inscribes on it the following, wjiich at once eluci-
dates the point :
" The Rev. Mr. Thomas Crane, M.A. (the Author of
this Book) was Ejected from Rampisham in Dorsetshire.
He had his Education in ye University of Oxford, had
been assistant to the Rev. Mr. Richard Allein. Hje was a
learned good man, and a great observer of the steps of
Divine Providence towards himself and others. He was
a hard Student, and had a penetrating Genius, and his
Composures were remarkably Judicious. He was a good
Textuary and an excellent Casuist. After his Eject-
ment he settled at Bedminster, where he was a constant
Preacher, at which place he Died in the year 1714, aged
84 years."
Feeling anxious to be acquainted with a few
more particulars respecting this divine, I have
consulted ISTeal and other sources, but can find no
traces of him, and I am disposed to think he has
been omitted among the Puritan worthies. The
editor's kind insertion of this may elicit further
notices from correspondents, and if not, he will at
least be better preserved in the pages of " N. &
Q." than by a fragile piece of manuscript in a
worm-eaten volume, till some future historian
enrol him in his lists. G. N.
TOBACCO.
According to the Chronicle of the Quiche
tribes of Guatemala, when Jepeu, the Creator, be-
gan the creation of living animals, after an un-
successful attempt to make the animals bow to
the deities, they were destroyed; wooden men
were tried, with no better success, and also de-
stroyed. Various other attempts at creation were
made, but always unsuccessfully.
" The destruction of several ' Criadores,' arrogantly
mutinying against the sun and moon, though, properly
speaking, neither of the two were in existence, is nar-
rated at some length. The destruction planned for these
demi-gods is of various kinds. Two of them are enticed
into the infernal regions, where they are treated with cigars
by the Princes of Hell (senores del infierno). At all
events, the smoking of tobacco must be a very old inven-
tion, if the Central Americans considered it to have been
indulged in at the time of the creation of man."
2nd S. N° 33., AUG. 16. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
125
This note is extracted from a letter by Nicolaus
Triibner on Central American archeology, in The
AthencRum of Saturday, May 31, 1856 (p. 684,).
The Quiche migrated to Guatemala, and founded
their state about the twelfth century; if they
came from Mexico, it is likely this legend came
thence. The holy city of Tula, in Mexico, was
founded 558 A.D. If this is the farthest back
point ascertainable, then we may suppose that at
the beginning of the Christian era the custom of
smoking tobacco, and using it in the shape of the
cigar, was common ; and had been perhaps known
and used time immemorial. If this be too great
.an assumption, at the building of Mexico in 1141
A.D. this was true ; and it certainly was so in 1200
A.D., when the Quiche founded their empire. In
any case, this, even the last date, is the farthest
back- period to which this custom can be traced
as yet. And this note is well worth preservation,
as an addition to the existing stock in "N. & Q."
Mr. Triibner says of the Chronicle, that the
legends are the work of Indian priests ; and are,
upon the whole, to be looked upon as genuine.
If the mixture of astronomy with the Brahmanical
religion, and of the compass with that of China,
be considered the most undeniable proofs of the
very remote period at which the study of astro-
nomy was first begun in India, and of that at
which the polarity of the magnetic needle was
first discovered in China, the existence of this
tobacco-legend in the sacred books of the Central
American Indians must impress on us the very
remote period at which this "Indian weed" was
first gathered and consumed by the American
tribes. C. D. L.
ILLUSTRATIONS OF MACAULAY.
Prince of Orange's Circular. — The following
are extracted from the Wells Records, and may
prove of some interest to the readers of " N". &
Q.," in further illustration of Macaulay. ' INA.
" Wells Civitas sive Jturgus.
" Convocaco. generalii tent' undecimo die Januarii,
1G88.
" Mr. Nicholas Paynter, Mayor.
Mr. Coward, Recorder.
Mr. Salmon, Justice,
Mr. Jn° Davis.
Mr. Rob'tus Thomas.
Mr. Watts.
Mr. Merefield.
Mr. Broadbeard.
Mr. Jeale.
Mr. Hole.
Mr. Cooke.
Mr. Baron. L '«• ,
Mr. Phil. Evans.
Mr. Cupper.
Mr. Hill.
Mr. Nich3 Thomas.
Mr. Brown,
Mr. Hippisley ,
" This day Mr. Mayor produced a letter by him re-
ceived from His Royal Highness the Prince of Orange,
directing the choosing (according to antient custom) two
sufficient Burgesses of the City to represent the same at
the general Convocation to be held at Westminster the
22nd instant (which letter being publiquely read), This
Convocation in obedience thereto proceeded to an elec-
tion, and accordingly elected Edward Berkeley and
Thomas Wyndham, Esquires, two of the discreetest Bur-
gesses of this said City, to represent this City at the said
Convocation.
" A. true Coppy of the Circular Letter from the Prince
of Orange.
"Whereas the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, the
Knights, Citizens, and Burgesses heretofore Members of
the Commons House of Parliament during the reigne of
King Charles the Second, residing in and about the Citty
of London, together with the Aldermen and divers of the
Comon Councill of the said Citty, at this extraordinary
juncture, at our request severally assembled to advise Us
the best manner how to attain the ends of our Declaration
in calling a free Parliament for the preservation of the
Protestant religion, and restoring the rights and liberties
of the Kingdom, and settling the same, that they may
not be in danger of being again subverted; — Have ad-
vised and desired us to cause our letters to be written
and directed for the Counties, to the Coroners of the re-
spective Counties or any one of them, And in default of
the Coroners, to any one of the Clerks of the Peace of the
respective Counties; And for the Universities, to the
respective Vice-Chancellors ; And for the Citties, Bo-
roughs, and Cinque Ports, to the chief Magistrate of such
Citty, Borough, or Cinque Port, conteyninge directions
for the- choosing, in all such Counties, Citties, Universi-
ties, Boroughs, and Cinque Ports within ten days after
the said respective Letters, such a number of persons to
represent them as from every such place is or are of right
to be sent to Parliament, of which election, and the time
and place thereof, the respective officers shall give notice :
The Notice for the intended election for the Counties to
be published in the Markett Towns within the respective
Counties by the space :of five days at the least before the
said election ; And for the Universities, Citties, Boroughs,
and Cinque Ports, in every of them respectively, by the
space of three days at the least before the said election :
The said letters and the execution thereof to be returned
by such officer or officers who shall execute the same to
the Clerk of the Crown in the Court of Chancery, so as
the person so to be chosen may meet and sit at Westmin-
ster on the 22nd day of January next.
" We, heartily desiring the performance of what we
have in our said Declaration represented, in pursuance of
the said advice and desire have caused this our Letter to
be written to you, to the intent that you truly and right-
fully, without favour or affection to any person or indirect
practice or proceeding, do and execute what of your part
ought to be done, according to the said advice, for the
due execution thereof; — The elections to be made by
such persons only as, according to the antient laws and
customs, of right ought to choose Members for Parliament.
And that you cause a Return to be made by Certificate
under your seal of the names of the persons elected, an-
nexed to this our Letter, to the said Clerk of the Crown
before the 22nd day of January.
"Given at St. James's, the 29th day of December, 1688-
" WILL* ORANGE.
• To the Chief Magistrate or such others
of the Citty of Wells, in the County of
Somerset, who have right to make re-
turns of Members to serve in Parlia-
126
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd s. NO 33., AUG. 16. '56.
ment, according to the antient usage of
the said Citt'y before the surrender of
Charters made in thertime of King
Charles the Second."
Copy of the return :
" Wells Civit. slve Burgus in Coin. Somersett. *
" We, the Mayor, Masters, and Burgesses of the said
City or Borough do hereby humbty Certify, That in per-
formance and obedience to the Letter hereunto annexed
from His Highness the Prince of Orange, this llth day of
January, 1688, have truly and rightfully, without favour
or affection to any person, or indirect practice or proceed-
ing, elected and chosen Edward Berkeley and Thomas
Wyndham, Esquires, two of the discreetest and fittest of
the Burgesses of the City aforesaid to represent us in the
Convencon appointed to be held at Westminster the two
and twentieth day of this instant January, the said Elec-
tion being made according to the antient usage and cus-
tome for elections for Parliament within the said City,
and after due notice of the time and place of such election
given to all parties therein concerned."
VAUGHAN AND ROGERS.
The exquisite little poem called The Retreate
has ever been my favourite among Henry
Vaughan's compositions. I was sorry, therefore,
the other day to find one of the most beautiful
ideas in it contradicted by the alleged experience
of another poet, Samuel Rogers.
" The Retreate.
" Happy those early dayes when I
Shined in my angell-infancy !
Before I understood this place
Appointed for my second race,
Or taught my soul to fancy ought
But a white, celestiall thought ;
When yet I had not walked above
A mile or two from my first love,
And looking back, at that short space
Could see a glimpse of His bright face;
When on some gilded cloud or flowre
My gazing soul would dwell an houre,
And in those weaker glories spy
Some shadows of eternity !
Oh ! how I long to travel back
And tread again that ancient track I
That I might once more reach that plaine
Where first I left my glorious traine ;
From whence the Inlightened Spirit sees
That shady City of Palme trees ! "
" Table- Talk of Samuel Rogers.
" One afternoon, at court, I was standing beside two
intimate acquaintances of mine, an old nobleman and a
middle-aged lady of rank, when the former remarked to
the latter that he thought a certain young lady near us
very beautiful. The middle-aged lady replied, ' I cannot
see any particular beauty in her.' ' Ah, madam,' he re-
joined, ' to us old men youth always appeal's beautiful ! '
— a speech with which Wordsworth, when I repeated it to
him, was greatly struck. The fact is, till we are about to
leave the world we do not perceive how much it contains
to excite our interest and admiration ; the sunsets appear
to me far lovelier now than they were in other years ; and the
bee upon the flower is now an object of curiosity to me, which
it was not in my early days." — P. 138.
Both Vaughan's and Rogers's sentiments here
are so striking one hardly knows which to be-
lieve. Perhaps both are true, old age being se-
cond childhood. Wordsworth is here mentioned
by Rogers, and this reminds me to notice the
strong parallel between The Retreate and his Ode
to Infancy. Is it known if Wordsworth admired
•Vaughan ? A. A. D.
COACH MISERIES.
There being persons who seriously lament the
good old time of coaches, when they could travel
leisurely and securely, see the country and con-
verse with the natives, it may be well to register
some of the miseries before they are altogether
effaced from the memory. Antony remarks
that —
" The evil that men do lives after them ;
The good is oft interred with their bones."
It is certainly not desirable that the good of
coaches should be interred with their bones :
neither is it by any means to be wished that the
evil should entirely cease to live after them, so as to
render us indifferent, and thankless, and insensible
to the superior advantages of modern locomotion.
First Misery. — Although your place has been
contingently secured days before, and you have
risen with the lark, yet you see the ponderous
vehicle arrive full — full — full. And this, not
unlikely, more than once.
2. At the end of a stage, beholding the four
panting, reeking, foamy animals, which have
dragged you twelve miles : and the stiff, galled,
scraggy relay crawling and limping out of the
yard.
3. Being politely requested, at the foot of a
tremendous hill, to ease the horses. Mackintoshes,
vulcanised Indian rubber, gutta percha, and gos-
samer dust-coats, then unknown.
4. An outside passenger resolving to endure no
longer " the pelting of the pitiless storm," takes
refuge, to your consternation, within with drip-
ping hat, saturated cloak, and soaked umbrella.
5. Set down with a promiscuous party to a
meal bearing no resemblance to that of a good
hotel, except in the charge: and no time to enjoy it.
6. Closely packed in a box, " cabin'd, crib'd,
confined, bound in," with five companions morally
or physically obnoxious, for two or three com-
fortless nights and days.
7. During a halt overhearing the coarse lan-
guage of the ostlers and tipplers at the road -side
pot-house : and besieged by beggars exposing their
mutilations.
8. Roused from your nocturnal slumber by the
2°d S. NO 33., AUG. 16. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
127
horn or bugle, the lashing and cracking of whip,
turnpike gates, a search for parcels under your
seat, and solicitous drivers.
9. Discovering at a diverging point in your
journey that the "Tally ho" runs only every other
day or so, or has finally stopped.
10. Clambering from the wheel by various iron
projections to your elevated seat.
11. After threading the narrowest streets of an
ancient town, entering the inn yard by^ a low
gateway, to the imminent risk of decapitation.
12. Seeing the luggage piled " Olympus high,"
so as to occasion an alarming oscillation.
13. Having the reins and whip placed in your
unpractised hands while coachee indulges in a
glass and a chat.
14. When dangling at the extremity of a seat
overcome with drowsiness.
15. Exposed -to piercing draughts, owing to a
refractory glass; or, vice versa, being in a mi-
nority, you are compelled, for the sake of ventila-
tion, to thrust your umbrella accidentally through
a pane.
16. At various seasons, suffocated with dust,
and broiled by a powerful sun ; orcowering under
an umbrella in a drenching rain — or petrified
with cold — or torn by fierce winds — or struggling
through snow — or wending your way through
perilous floods.
17. Perceiving that a young squire is receiving
an initiatory practical lesson in the art of driving,
or that a jibbing horse, or a race with an opposi-
tion, is endangering your existence.
18. Losing the enjoyment or employment of
much precious time, not only on the road, but
also from consequent fatigue.
19. Interrupted before the termination of your
hurried meal by your two rough- coated, big-
buttoned, many-caped friends, the coachman and
guard — who hope you will remember them. Al-
though the gratuity has been repeatedly calcu-
lated in anticipation, you fail in making the mutual
remembrances agreeable. C. T.
Bolingbroke's Letter to Pope. — In the Illustrated
London News, a few weeks since, appeared an
original letter from Lord Bolingbroke to Pope,
supposed to have been never before published,
the authenticity of which was doubted by The
Athenceum. As " N. & Q." is an authority in any-
thing relating to Pope, perhaps I may be allowed
to record in its columns that this letter was first
published more than ninety years ago, viz. in the
Annual Register for 1763, p. 196. No authority
is there given for its authenticity, and it is un-
dated. I may add, that in the Register for the
year 1764, p. 222., is another letter, stated to be
" original," from Pope to the Duchess of Hamilton,
which is not printed in any edition of Pope's
Letters. C. J. DOUGLAS.
[The last letter noticed by our correspondent is printed
in Roscoe's edition of Pope's Works, vol. viii. p. 332. The
words prefixed to it, " The writer drunk," are omitted bv
Roscoe.]
A Military Dinner-parly. — As banquets to our
brave soldiers are now in vogue, and it is proposed
to give a grand dinner to the Guards, on their re-
turn to the Metropolis, the readers of " N. & Q."
may be glad to learn that the greatest dinner ever
known in England was that given by Lord Rom-
ney to the Kent volunteers on August 1, 1799,
when George III. reviewed them near Maidstone.
The tables, amounting to ninety-one in number,
were seven miles and a half long, and the boards
for the tables cost 1500Z. The entertainment, to
which 6500 persons sat down, consisted of 60
lambs in quarters, 200 dishes of roast beef, 700
fowls (3 in a dish), 220 meat pies, 300 hams, 300
tongues, 220 fruit pies, 220 dishes of boiled beef,
220 joints of roast veal. Seven pipes of port were
bottled off, and sixteen butts of ale, and as much
small beer was also placed in large vessels, to
supply the company. After dinner his Majesty's
health was given in a bumper by the volunteers,
all standing uncovered, with three times three,
accompanied by the music of all the bands.
J. YEOWELL.
Shakspeare and his Printers. — In the April
number (No. 210.) of the Edinburgh Review, is
an article on the " Correctors and Corrections of
Shakspeare;" in the course of which the vil-
lanous typographical blundering of the Heminge
and Condell folio is the subject of strong repre-
hension. But qualis ab incfsptu with the me-
chanical men of type. In that same Edinburgh,
in a subsequent article, on " Body and Mind," the
reviewer has occasion to quote the dagger-soli-
loquy from Macbeth ; and the quotation, in a
small way, is worthy of the old folio men : ivork
being printed for worth, the for thy, and eye for
eyes ! " Physician, heal thyself ! "
A DESULTORY READER.
Jersey.
A Mission of the Press. — In a Times' leader of
June 30, the writer indulges in some pertinent
remarks upon the little that powerful engine, the
Press, has yet effected towards breaking down the
legal abominations of crabbed MS. and cumbrous
parchments, by substituting readable print and
tractable paper for deeds and other registered
documents, to the great relief of the purses and
brains of the lieges popularly supposed to read
and understand the former.
Warming with his subject, the writer predicts
the time when the country squire, deprived of his
out-of-door recreation by a rainy day, will over-
128
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2°a S. NO 33., AUG. 16. '56,
look the Quarterly Review and County Chronicle,
and betake himself foi Amusement to the morocco
gilt volume whick contains the now intelligible
title deeds of his estate.
As all men will, doubtless, welcome any indica-
tion of the advent of this mission of the Pre'ss, it
may be worth while recording in the pages of
"K & Q." that the initiative in this movement
has already been taken in a very appropriate
quarter ; for there now lies before me a very
handsome, thin royal 8vo., entitled Glenormiston,
1849-50, which contains the history of the acqui-
sition of that estate, with plans, title deeds, and a
variety of useful information thereanent, expressly
compiled and printed "with a view to the con-
venient preservation and reference" of the pro-
prietor, Mr. William Chambers. J. O.
Family of Pendrell. — The following brief addi-
tions to the notices of this loyal family, which are
collected by Mr. Hughes in his edition of the
Boscobel Tracts (1830), may not be unacceptable
to your readers : —
" Frances Jones ~\
& [-Daughters of Wm. Pendrel.
Anne Lloyd J
" At the court at Windsor, 27^ June, 1680.
" His Majesty is graciously pleased to refer this peti-
tion to the right honble Lords Com1"8 of the Treasury to
take such course as they shall judge most ready and
expedient for the Pet" relief."
Notes of Petitions, in Bodl. MS. Rawl., c. 421.
fol. 182.
" Yesterday the Commons in a Committee received a
clause to oblige all papists and non jurors in Great Brit-
tain to register their names and estates ; alsoe a clause to
exempt the familyes of the Pendrells in Staffordshire,
who are papists, from being taxed by this bill, on account
of their eminent services to the crown by saving King
Charles the 2, in the Royal Oak."
News-Letter of 9 May, 1723. Rawl. MS. C., 151.
fol. 98.
W. D. MACRAT.
Superstition of the present Day. — The following
cutting, from The Tablet of July 26, is worth
the attention of the readers of "N. & Q." as a
specimen of the worse than heathenish supersti-
tion of many of our people :
" Will it be credited that thousands of people have,
during the past week, crowded a certain road in the vil-
lage of Melling, near Ormskirk, to inspect a sycamore
tree which has burst its bark, and the sap protrudes in a
shape resembling a man's head ? Rumour spread abroad
that it was the re-appearance of Palmer, who ' had come
again, because he was buried without a coffin ! " Some
inns in the neighbourhood of this singular tree reaped a
rich harvest."
K. P. D. E.
Mortgaging' the Dead! — If a literal be also a
legitimate use, in its present application, of the
word wior/gage (a dead pledge), we have classical
authority for stating that mortgaging the dead
was a legalised mode, among the Egyptians, of
giving security for money borrowed : a poor in-
demnity to the creditor in case of nonpayment.
The embalmed body of the deceased relative ac-
companied a guest to the feast, where, if money
was required, the sacred possession was deposited
by the borrower in pledge — it was a strictly legal
transaction. For wow-redemption there was a
severe penalty, which one might imagine the pe-
culiar doctrine engrafted on that of the soul's
immortality would rarely allow an Egyptian to
incur. The parties not redeeming were denied
the right of interment themselves, and the privi-
lege of giving their relatives and friends burial.
In such cases the coffin-less body was carefully
preserved at home, without burial; but the de-
scendants of the deceased and excluded debtor
might honourably bury, provided compensation
was first made for the crime (if such had been
committed), or the debt refunded. It has been
conjectured, and with great probability, respect-
ing this law, mentioned by Herodotus (lib. ii.
s. 136.), that its object was to discourage the bor-
rowing of money ; rendering it peculiarly infa-
mous by entailing on those who practised it a
revolting traffic, and forfeiture of what the debtor
was accustomed to regard as his dearest and most
sacred treasure. F. PHILLOTT.
The kings Health. —
" Here's a health unto his Majesty, with a fa, la, la.
Conversion to his enemies, with a fa, la, la.
And he that will not pledge his health,
I wish him neither wit nor wealth,
Nor yet a rope to hang himself.
With a fa, la, la, la,
With a fa, la, la," &c.
Mr. Peter Cunningham, in his charming Story of
Nell Gwyn, quotes the above lines from Forbes's
Songs and Fancies, Aberdeen, 1682. When the
volume is printed again, which it must be ere
long, the author should alter his reference to
Catch that Catch Can ; or the Musical Companion :
containing Catches and Bounds for Three and Four
Voyces, tifc., 4to. 1667, in which work the song or
glee in question first appeared. Forbes misprints
the composer's name John Savile ; it ought to be
Jeremiah Savile, as in Catch that Catch Can.
Nothing is known of the composer, farther than
that he wrote the music of " His Majestie's
Health," and "The Waits." The latter is well
known to all lovers of social harmony.
EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
"The Brute Chronicles" — Being engaged in
preparing for publication the French Prose Chro-
nicles of England called the Brute, for which
purpose I am now collating the various texts, I
2nd S. N° 33., AUG. 16. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
129
should be glad to know whether there are in
existence any other copies besides those specified
by SIR F. MADDEN, in an article on the subject
of these Chronicles, " N. & Q.," 2nd S. i. 1 .
WILLIAM HENRY HART.
Albert Terrace, New Cross.
Agricultural Suicides. — Was it an ordinary
event in the days of Elizabeth for farmers who
had hoarded corn, to hang themselves because the
season in which they had expected to realise their
profits was one of plentiful crops ? One would
think so from the copious allusions to the practice
in works of fiction of the time : —
" Here's a farmer that hanged himself on the expecta-
tion of plenty." — Macbeth, Act II. Sc. 3.
" And hang'd himself when corn grows cheap again."
Hall's Satires, Book iv. Satire 6.
Again in Every Man out of his Humour (Act
III. Sc. 2.), Sordido hangs himself because the
prognostication of foul weather, on the strength of
which he had hoarded his grain, proved delusive.
Any explanation of these allusions, by the ad-
duction of recorded facts, will be acceptable to
C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY.
Birmingham.
Old House at Poplar. — I am desirous of obtain-
ing some further particulars regarding an old
house and property in the parish of Poplar than
can be obtained from Stow ; the date of the house
is 1612, and the property is a ship-yard, generally
believed to be the oldest in England. I know it
to have been in existence before the house, and
am anxious, if possible, to discover its date and
subsequent history ; also when the dry docks were
built, &c. ? Perhaps MR. W. H. HART, or some
other of your correspondents, can afford me some
help, by doing which they will much oblige
R. SINISTER.
Blackwall.
Secondary Punishments wgzt> in force. — Can any
of your readers courteously inform me whether
there exists any work of this year, or any trust-
worthy article of review, which- gives a synopsis
of the various secondary punishments now (1856)
in force in England ? There have been so many
modifications lately, that a treatise one or two
years old is hardly reliable. VINDEX.
Money enclosed in Seal of legal Documents. —
On a deed of sale of a quit-rent at Alnwick, in
Northumberland, in the year 1655, is the follow-
ing execution, viz. :
" Signed, sealled, and delivered with one single two-
pence lawfull money of England put into the seale in
the token of the possession, livery, and seizen of the out-
rent or white-rent of five shillings by yeare within
named, in presence of these witnesses," &c.
On breaking the seal, I found in it a silver two-
pence, with the rose on one side, and the thistle
on the other.
Query, was the enclosing a piece of money in
the seal ever a common custom, or legally neces-
sary ? W. C. TREVELYAN.
Wellington.
^ "Punjab." — I have heard that this is a compo-
site word formed from Punj, five, and ab, waters :
viz., the Indus, Jhelum (or Jeylum),Chenab, Eavee,
and Sutlej. I am not acquainted with Hindus-
tani, and shall feel obliged to any of your corre-
spondents who will translate the foregoing proper
names. Chenab seems to be a composite word,
like Punjab. G. L. S.
" When you go to Rome, do as Rome does." —
Among the many derivations of proverbs regis-
tered in " N. & Q.," I have not seen *he above
noticed ; and this to me is the more remarkable,
as it has been attributed to no less a personage
than St. Ambrose of Milan. Some time ago, in
turning over the leaves of a copy of Tracts for the
Times, a fragment of paper dropped out, — a cut-
ting from some book which I did not know, and
on it the following :
" In the time of St. Augustin, this question respecting
Saturday being in its infancy, that great theologist was
in 'the habit of dining upon Saturday as upon Sunday ;
but his mother, Monica, being puzzled with the different
practices then prevailing (for they had begun to fast at
Rome on Saturday), applied to her son for a solution of
the difficulty. He in return actually went to Milan on
purpose to consult St. Ambrose on the subject. Now, at
Milan, they did not fast on Saturday, and the answer of
the Milan saint to the Hippo saint was this : « When I go
to Rome I fast on the Saturday as they do .at Rome, but
when I am here I do not ; ' an advice that is current
amongst us to this day — 'When you go to Rome, do as
the people of Rome do.' "
Not being "up" in the works of St. Augustine
or? St. Ambrose, perhaps some of the readers of
"'N. & Q." will favour me with stating where
such £t passage can be found in either of the
Fathers referred to ? M. C.
William Dunlap. — I wish very much to ascer-
tain whether an American author, of the name of
William Dunlap, is still living ; or (if not living)
the date of his death. He is author (besides many
other works) of the Life of Charles Brochden
Brown. He was also a painter of some eminence.
The information I desire is likely to be found in a
work recently published, Duycink's Cyclopaedia of
American Literature. R. J.
"The Sisters1 Tragedy" — I would be greatly
obliged if any of your readers could inform me
who wrote a play called The Sisters' Tragedy,
printed by W. Nicol, Pall Mall, in 1834 ? The
scene of the play is laid in Granada ; and the
author appear^ to have been indebted to Tenny-
son's Ballad of the Sisters for the groundwork of
130
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd g. N» 33., AUG. 16. '56.
the plot. There are some prefatory lines, dated
Hampstead, Aug. 18^ by J. B. (Joanna Baillie).
R. J.
Colonel Forrester. — Speaking ^ of Jack Ellis
and his extraordinary social qualities, which«made
him familiar at once with the great and lowly,
Boswell says :
"The brilliant Colonel Forrester, the author of the
Polite Philosopher (first published at Edinburgh, 1734)
was amongst the former."
Where can any particulars be obtained regard-
ing this Scottish Chesterfield? J. O.
Quotation wanted : " Where is thy land" — Will
any of your readers oblige me by saying where
are to be found the lines —
" Where is thy land? 'tis where the woods are waving
In their dark richness to the summer air;
Where the blue streams a thousand flower-banks laving,
Lead down the hills in veins of light — 'tis there."
The style and phraseology point to Mrs. He-
mans, but I have not been able to find the lines
in her works. T. J. E.
Device and Motto. — I shall feel obliged if any
of the correspondents of " N. & Q." can tell me
the meaning of the following device and motto
engraved on an old seal. The device consists of
a bird with a branch in its mouth seated on a
sheaf of corn ; on one side of which is a lion, and
on the other a serpent, with the motto " IN OUTE."
The device is not difficult to understand ; but I
can make nothing at all of the motto. J. J.
" Carmina Quadragesimalia." — Is any record
kept at Christ Church of the authors of the beau-
tiful Latin poems called Carmina Quadragesi-
malia? As far as regards elegant and correct
Latinity, they are worthy to be ranked with the
poetry of the Augustan age. Can any of your
classical readers inform me whether any more
than two volumes have been printed ? They bear
date 1723 and 1748 respectively, and are both
dedicated to students of Christ Church, the former
volume by Charles Este, the latter by Antony
Parsons. OXONIENSIS.
Aspasids Wart. — A reviewer in a recent number
of The Athenceum tells how Aspasia was advised in a
dream to apply rose leaves to an ugly wart on her
face. What is his authority ? R. T. SCOTT.
Pictures by Haffaelle in England, and in what
Collections? — I should feel thankful for an ac-
curate list of the finished original pictures now in
this country by Raffaelle : stating in what collec-
tions they are, and, if possible, when they were
first brought here. Such list, of course, only to
comprehend well-known and undoubted works ;
of which, it is to be feared, there are not half-a-
dozen to be met with in England, besides the
cartoons at Hampton Court, and the four in our
National Gallery. JOHN J. PENSTONE.
Stanford- in-the- Vale, Berks.
Bibliographical Queries. —
1. Can any of your readers give me some ac-
count of the subject of an old work, entitled Dac-
tyliotheca Smythiana, which was published at Venice
in the seventeenth century ?
2. Has there ever been any cheap reprint of
the Bohe of St. Albarfs ?
3. Is the True Spirit and Practice of Chivalry,
by Digby, considered a standard work ? and has it
been favourably received by critics ?
SIGMA THETA.
" Judith Culpeper." — I have a curious old
letter with the above signature, of which the fol-
lowing is a copy :
" March the 22nd, 1675.
" May itt please yr Grace,
" Upon the receipt of a letter from my Lord privy Seal
importinge that the draught of a conveyance. . . sealed to
mee by my Brother was the full effect of yr Lopps mediation
for mee I have accordingly sealed itt. And though I
must needs say I hoped for somewhat better conditions,
yet yr Lopps pleasure commanded my sorrowful sub-
scription, Especially for the purchasinge of property ( ?)
between soe neere relations. My Brother hath given mee
many and great assurances of his future Justice to mee in
performing this Agreem*. Butt as my confidence in yp
Lopps wisedome was the principall motive of my compli-
ance, soe the continuance of yr favour to me is still my
best security. . . I therefore humbly implore yr grace
in compassion of my weaknesse to afford mee . ye com-
pleatinge yr mediation. Nott doubtinge butt God will
abundantly requite vr Goodnesse to mee.
" My Lord,
" Yr Graces most obliged serv*,
" JUDITH CULPEPER."
Can any of your sagacious readers inform me
who was this " Judith Culpeper " and her bro-
ther ? As the letter came from a Kent collection,
it was probably written by a relation of Sir
Thomas Culpeper (or Colepeper, or Culpepper) of
Hollingbourne, who died about the close of the
seventeenth century. Many monuments of the
family are erected in Hollingbourne church, and
doubtless a good county history contains a list of
them. Can any conjecture be made as to the
personage to whom the letter was addressed ?
Was it not probably to Sheldon, Archbishop of
Canterbury, to which see the manor of Holling-
borne belongs? The letter is endorsed on the
back " Anthony Horsmonden." Vox.
Was Henry IV. nursed by an Irishwoman ? —
In the Calendar of the Patent and Close Rolls of
the Irish Chancery, vol. i. (all published) p. 179.,
the Calendar of the Roll. Pat. 6 Henry IV.,
la Pars commences : at article 2, a number of
letters of protection are given ; and amongst them
we find the remarkable entry, " Et Marg' Taaf,
nutrix Kegis, Dublin, 18 Mali." This would seem
2nd S. NO 33., AUG. 16. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
131
to settle the point conclusively. Query, has this
fact been ere now noticed ? JAMES GRAVES, Clk.
Kilkenny.
The Great Heat.— I am told that twenty years
ago there was a similar drought in the country to
the present. The heat was, as it now is, intense ;
farmers suffered considerably ; the corn stalk was
but a foot high, and, instead of being cut, was
plucked.
Can any correspondent of " N. & Q." give a
more detailed account of the above facts ? KARL.
Rev. Mr. Simmons. — Is anything known of the
Rev. Mr. Simmons, to whom the witty sermon in
the Cripplegate Morning Exercises, " How may
we get rid of Spiritual Sloth," is attributed. Ca-
lamy inserts his name in the list of those ministers
who preached occasionally when the Act of Uni-
formity passed. • W. G. L.
Westbourne Grove.
George Liddell. — Can any Scottish poetical
antiquary furnish a Note about " George Liddell
of Edinburgh," who wrote The Swans Song, or
Pleasant Meditations on the Way, the tenth edition
corrected ; Lond., printed for the Author, and sold
by Lillias Liddell in Edin. 1710, 12mo. pp. 48 ?
Mr. Liddell seems to have been the poet of the
religious million ; and besides this piece of dog-
grel, our illustrious obscure announces " These
books following, by the same author, are sold by
him and his daughter Lillias Liddell, in Edin.,"
viz. 1. A Garden of Spiritual Flowers ; 2. The
Traveller s Song ; 3. Good Company ; 4. Manna
Gathered; 5. Canaan's Grapes; 6. Apples of
Gold ; and 7. The Honey Comb. Presuming these
to be also in verse, and judging from the popu-
larity of the Swarfs Song, Mr. Liddell would ap-
pear to have obtained some notoriety as a small
poet. J. O.
Rubens' Pictures : Antwerp Cathedral. — With
reference to the celebrated " Descent from the
Cross," which, as every one knows, consists of five
pictures, can any of your readers say whether the
painting at the back of one of the doors, repre-
senting, according to Murray, a hermit with a
lantern, is not, in fact, intended as a fifth repre-
sentation of St. Christopher, under the form of a
priest carrying the viaticum ? The presumption
is in favour of this hypothesis, since the four re-
maining pictures all symbolise St. Christopher in
some form or other, and it is well-known that they
were painted for the Guild of Cross-bowmen, of
whom that saint is the patron. The idea that such
was Rubens' intention is suggested by the author
of a recently-published work entitled Flemish In-
teriors, and seems to me a very appropriate one.
My attention has been further drawn to the
subject by a smart correspondence carried on for
the last three weeks in the Weekly Register,
giving expression to contending opinions on the
passage in question of the above-mentioned vo-
lume. QU.3BRENS.
" Round about our Coal Fire, or Christmas En-
tertainments.'" — What is the date of the earliest
edition of an interesting pamphlet so called ?
Halliwell, in his Catalogue of Chap- Books, p. 148.,
mentions an edition in 12mo., 1796, which he calls
" A very curious tract, composed at the end of
the seventeenth, or very early in the following
century." My own copy, dated 1734, is called
" The Fourth Edition, with great Additions." It
is dedicated u To the Worshipful Mr. Lun, Com-
pleat Witch-maker of England, and Conjurer-
General of the Universe, at his Great House in
Covent-garden." EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
Corn Measures. — I am desirous of obtaining
correct information as to the difference between
the proportions of the Winchester bushel and the
imperial bushel (established by the " Act of
Uniformity," which took effect from Jan. 1, 1826) ;
this last contains 22181 cubic inches," and I have
one table stating the Winchester bushel to have
contained 2178 cubic inches, and another that it
was jy part larger than the imperial. WM. M,
Tring.
tot'tij
" Bishop Burners Solution of Two Cases of
Conscience." — Miss Strickland affirms that two
treatises under the above title, one on " Poly-
gamy," and the other on " Divorce," were " ex-
punged " from Bishop Burnet's works. May I beg
the favour of a reference, if any correspondent
can give one, to any edition of Burnet's works
containing these treatises ; or any good grounds
for supposing that he ever wrote them ? As to
Miss Strickland's testimony, she must write in a
more unbiassed spirit before her evidence reckons
for anything more than Jacobite gossip. A. B. R.
Belmont.
[These two Treatises are noticed by Bevil Higgons in
his Historical and Critical Remarks on Bishop Burnet's
History of his Own Time, 2nd edit. 1727, p. 158., who has
given the whole of the bishop's resolution to the second
question, " Is polygamy in any case lawful under the
Gospel?" His reason for omitting the bishop's resolu-
tion on Barrenness was owing to some expressions in it
so indecent as would offend the fair sex. John Macky,
however, has not been so delicately sensitive : for, as an
admirer of the bishop, he has inserted both papers in the
Appendix to his Memoirs of the Secret Services, edit. 1733,
pp. xxiv. to xxxiii., and reproaches the bishop's son for
suppressing them. " These papers," says Macky, " Bur-
net put into the hands of Lord Lauderdale and others,
with an intent to farther the design of divorcing His
Majesty, and thereby of providing, by a re-marriage,
heirs to the crown, and excluding the Duke of York.
132
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2»a S. NO 33'., AUG. 16. '56.
Why these very curious anecdotes are denied a place in
our prelate's remarkably 'history, I cannot assign the
cause; but this I know, that he himself had inserted
them. The late Archdeacon Echard assured me, that he
had read them in his Lordship's manuscript; and as I
have obtained exact copies of them, I think jnyself
obliged, both in justice to the bishop's memory, as well as
the republic of letters, to preserve them for the informa^
tion and benefit, not only of the present, but of all suc-
ceeding times." The original, in Burnet's handwriting,
was copied at Ham in 1680, with the Duke of Lauder-
dale's permission, by Paterson, Archbishop of Glasgow,
testified under his episcopal seal, it being then in the
Duke's possession.
Unfortunately for the bishop, his troublesome opponent,
Dr. Hickes, had been favoured with a sight of these Trea-
tises, and notices them in his work, Some Discourses upon
Dr. Burnet and Dr. filiation, 4t(x, 1695, p. 20., which
elicited from Burnet the following explanation : —
" He charges me with a Paper, stating the Lawfulness
of Divorce in case of Barrenness, with relation to King
Charles the Second's Marriage ; which he says was a Pro-
ject of the Earl of Shaftsbury's, and his Party, to put by
the Duke of York. I cannot reflect on this Author's way
of writing, without remembring an Italian Proverb, that
has indeed more of Sense than of Religion in it ; God
preserve me from my Friends, I will preserve myself from
my Enemies. .What the Earl of Shaftsbury's Designs in
that matter were, I do not know ; for he never Once
spoke of them to me. But I remember well that the
Duke (then Earl of) Lauderdale moved it to me. He was
the first that ever discovered to me the Secret of King
James's Religion ; and when he saw me struck with
great apprehensions upon it, he fell upon the Head of
Divorce, and told me many Particulars that I think fit
to suppress. I afterwards knew that the Matter of Fact
was falsely stated to me. I Avas then but Seven and
twenty, and was pretty full of the Civil Law ; which had
been my first Study. So I told him several things out of
the Digests, Code, and Novels, upon that Head ; and in
a great variety of Discourse we went through many parts
of it : He seemed surprized at many things that I told
him ; and he desired me to state the matter in Paper. I
very frankly did it ; yet I told him I spoke of the sudden ;
but when I went home among my Books, I would con-
sider it more severely. The following Winter I writ to
him, and retracted that whole Paper; I answered the
most material Things in it ; and I put a Confutation of
my first and looser Thoughts, in a Book that I writ that
Winter, which I can shew to any that desires it. . The
Duke of Lauderdale was too wise to publish any thing
of this kind, tho in his passion he might have shewed it
to this Author. He knew that he had pressed me to talk
upon this Subject to the King himself; which I had re-
fused to do. A great deal more belongs to this Matter,
which I think fit to suppress : None but such a Person as
this Author is, would have published so much." — Reflec-
tions upon a Pamphlet, entitled " Some Discourses 'upon
Dr. Burnet and Dr. Tillatson," 8vo., 1696, pp. 76-78.]
Commentary on " Proverbs''1 — Who is the au-
thor of A Cornmentarie upon the whole JBooke of
the Proverbes of Solomon, London, 1596. In an
appendix to this book, consisting of " An Expo-
sition of certain choyse and excellent Proverbes
set downe scatteringly here and there in the
Scriptures," the following rendering is given of
Jeremiah, ch. xiii. v. 23. : " Can the blackamoore
chaunge his skinne, or leopard his blew spots."
Does any version of the English Bible contain this
translation ? Whence the idea that the spots of
the leopard were blue ? W. G. L.
Westbourne Grove.
[This work is by Peter Muffet, and was first printed in
1592, by Richard Field for R. Dexter, 8vo., and dedicated
to Edward Earle of Bedford. P. Muffet was also author
of " The Excellencie of the Mistery of Christ Jesus de-
clared in an Exposition vpon 1 Tim. iii. 16.," 1590. Seei
Herbert's Ames, pp. 1236. 1254. 1358.]
Author of " A Remedy against Superstition" —
Who was the author of A Remedy against Super-
stition, or a Pastor's Farewel to a beloved Flock,
privately printed in the year 1667. The epistle
dedicatory is addressed " To his truly honoured
friends of the county of Devon." A copy in my
possession contains an addendum in MS. for which
it is hard to account, unless it be from the pen of
the author, as .there is no list of errata in the
book. W. G. L.
Westbourne Grove.
[This work is by William Crompton, minister of Col-
lumpton in Devonshire, but ejected at the Restoration for
nonconformity. " He lived at Collumpton and sometimes
at Exeter," says Wood, " carrying on at those places and
elsewhere a constant course (if not hindred) of preaching
in conventicles, especially in 1678-9, when the popish
plot broke out, and the faction endeavoured to obtain
their designs by it, when then he preached in despight of
authority, as also when king James II. and William III.
reigned." See Wood's Athence, by Bliss, vol. iv. 626.,
for a list of his works. In a copy of his Remedy against
Superstition before us, the Errata is printed on a separate
slip, and pasted on the last leaf,]
Duntoiis " Summer Ramble." — Dunton, in his
Dublin Scuffle, frequently alludes to his intended
publication, which he calls his Summer Ramble [in
Ireland]. Query, was it ever published, and if
so, in what year ? JAMES GRAVES, Clerk.
Kilkenny.
[This Ramble, so frequently referred to in Dunton's
Conversation in Ireland, and The Dublin Scuffle, was pre-
pared for the press, but has never yet been printed. The
MS. is in the Rawlinson Collection in the Bodleian,-
No. 71.]
The Minerva of Sanctius. — Sir William Ha-
milton says in a note, in his Discussions on Phito~
sophy —
" To master the Minerva of Sanctius and his commen-
tators is a far more profitable exercise of mind than to
conquer the Principia of Newton."
Who is the Minerva of Sanctius ? who are his
commentators ? where is it to be got ? and what
is it about ? ENQUIRER.
[Francisco Sanchez (Lat. Sanctius Brocensis), was an
eminent Spanish grammarian, born in 1523, and died in
1601. The work which gained him most reputation was
his Minerva, seu de Causis Linguae Latins Commentarius,
Salamanca, 1587, 8vo. This was often reprinted during
the sixteenth century, and in more modern tinies at Am-
sterdam, 1754, 1761, 8vo., with remarks by Scioppius,
2nd S. N° 33., AUG. 10. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES,
133
and annotations by Perizonius. Another edition was
published at Utrecht, 1795, with the additions of Everard
Scheid; and a third at Leipsic in 1793—1804, with the
notes of Perizonius, and those of Charles Lewis Bauer.
See a notice of him in Rose's Biog. Dictionary.']
" The Shepherd of Banbury" — I am most
anxious to ascertain where I can find any account
of " The Shepherd of Banbury." It is a book or
personage learned on the subject of the weather,
and he or it is quoted as a first authority on the
point by many in the midland districts.
MURPHY.
[This work is entitled The Shepherd of Baribury's
Rules to judge of the Changes of Weather, grounded on
Forty Years' Experience, fyc. By John Clariclge, Shep-
herd, 8vo., 1744 ; and reprinted in 1827. It is a work of
great popularity among the poor, and is attributed to
Dr. John Campbell, author of A Political Survey of
Britain. It is mostly a compilation from A Rational
Account of the Weather, by John Pointer, Rector of Slap-
ton, in Northamptonshire.]
Names of the Days of the Week. — Ancient
deeds are frequently dated the day of the week on
which they were executed, e.g. Die Jovis, Die
Mercurii, &c. Will you, or any of your corre-
spondents, be so good as to give me the name of
heathen deity, &c., to which each day was dedi-
cated ? B.
[The following are the names of the heathen deities :
Dies Solis - Sunday.
Dies Lunae - Monday.
Dies Martis - - Tuesday.
Dies Mercurii - - Wednesday.
Dies Jovis '.''•'.? ; - Thursday.
Dies Veneris - - Friday. '
Dies Saturni - - Saturday.
In some ancient deeds we find the equivalent terms Dies
Dominica for Sunday, and Dies Sabbati for Saturday.]
THE LATE REV. ROBERT MONTGOMERY.
(2nd S. i. 293. 321. 400. 521 ; ii. 78.)
The question respecting the name of this gen-
tleman still remains a quibble. There is no doubt
that he was christened " Montgomery," and I ap-
prehend that the Weston where he was christened
is the pretty little village of that name, now al-
most forming part of Bath, which was the sceiie
of annual poetic fetes in the Johnsonian and
flourishing days of Aqua Solis. But the point
sought is, whether or not his father bore the said
surname*. I knew, and well, both Kobert and his
father. He, Robert, was the natural son of Mr.
Gomery, the clown, a most gentlemanly and very
well-informed man, and, decidedly, homme a
bonnes fortunes, by a lady who kept a school at
Bath, and who, subsequently, removed from that
city and married a respectable schoolmaster. One
of the best traits in Robert was his affection for
this mother, and amply she deserved it of him ;
she gave him an excellent education, and brought
him up carefully and religiously. Now, I have a
suspicion (rather, an impression that I once saw
him perform under the name) that Mr. Gomery
occasionally in his career prefixed to his name the
aristocratic "Mont." He was exceedingly am-
bitious to sink the clown in the actor ; and, when
engaged .solely in the latter capacity, became, I
suspect, Montgomery. I have little doubt, more-
over, that when in his younger days recommend-
ing himself to " a gentle belle," he would hint that
such was his name of right. Still, it may be
that, as Robert assured me soon after his father
had introduced him to me as, to use his own
words, a would-be Byron, his father was son or
grandson of the General Montgomery of the Ame-
rican war ; he may have been a legal, may have
been a natural, descendant of the general.
Were Grimaldi alive, he could most likely have
settled the question. As it is, not improbably Mr.
T. Matthews, the leading clown of our more imme-
diate day, may be able to cut the Gordian knot.
Should there be surviving any sons or daughters
(there is, I fancy, a daughter, Mrs. J. Bennett,
living in Exeter, at least there was three years
since) of the late Mr. Richard Hughes, proprietor
of Sadler's Wells Theatre in the days of Evelina,
they would be the parties most likely to know the
truth ; since Mr. Gomery was in boyhood a com-
panion of Grimaldi, who, according to Mr. Dick-
ens's biography of the modern Momus, came out
at the Wells under Mr. Hughes's management,
when about six years old, and, I fancy, first ap-
peared there himself. Like our great pantomim-
ist, Mr. Gomery was an ardent entomologist ; and
I have known him make long excursions and
" watch o' nights," not to rob the king's exchequer,
but to surprise Tiger-moth, or Queen Imperial,
or Sphynx, et id genus omne.
Mr. Gomery, as I have remarked, was a well-
informed man ; indeed from his tact, good-breed-
ing, and general knowledge, he might not only
have passed muster in any society, but from his
entertaining and aptly-applied fund of anecdote
would have been esteemed a most desirable and
entertaining companion. And he deserves a pass-
ing word in "N. & Q." by way of hint to the
future historian of the stage. His^ clown was sui
generis, a thing of art ; not clown in the Grimaldi
sense of the word, the broadly humorous ; or
in the Bradbury, i. e. the acrobatic and neck-
venturing, but a blending of English clown and
Gallic Pierrot — quaint, easy, and presenting a
something which I must term the oriental element,
combining a sort of pictorial diablerie with the
farcical : for want of a better term to express his
pantomime, he was, indeed, ordinarily known
134
NOTES AND QUERIES.
'[2nd S. N° 33., AUG. 16. '56.
among 'his stage-brethren as the " gentleman-
clown."
A word more, as still appertaining to " N. &
Q." He married, as one of your correspondents
states, a Mrs. Power, who had a very handsome
house at Lambridge, Bath, and who, previously to
this marriage, was mother of a family of ten or
twelve children by Sir Andrew Bayntum, with
whom she lived for many years, and conducted
herself as a wife, and by whom the house and a
good income were bequeathed her. There were
several Morlands which came to. her with the
house. I should like to know where they have
winged their way ; but, still more, what may have
become of a Diary, kept either by Sir Andrew or
his father, I forget which, and which, though it
might not be worth publishing in extenso, would
certainly, unless I egregiously err, afford many
valuable pickings, particularly as regards courtly
gossip in the elder Georges' days, to " N. & Q."
DELTA.
Your correspondent j3. y. 5. (p. 78.) should Jiave
read my communication. He needlessly asks,
" What would convince G. ?" And says, "A Bath
Directory is of no weight against a baptismal
register." I beg to remind him that my affirma.-
tion was, that the statement given by D. (2nd S.
i. 293.), as to the name of Robert Montgomery's
father, was correct; and I have shown that he
lived, was married, and died by the name of
Gomery, — a fact well known to the inhabitants
of Bath. As to the baptismal register, to which I
did not happen to refer, I have only to say that
if it is producible, and is worth anything, I do not
see why it should be withheld. No man's repu-
tation can be promoted by attempts to mystify
either his parentage or baptism. Your corre-
spondent D. (2nd S. ii. 37.), who inquires at what
"Weston" Robert Montgomery may have been
christened ? should try " Weston, near Bath," the
worthy vicar of which" is the Rev. John Bond. G.
SATELLITE.
(2nd S. ii. 69.)
Vossius says :
" Non a satagendo, ut Perottns putabat : sed a Syriaco
satel, id est latus, quia latus stipat, ut idem sit ac antiqua
lingua erat latro : quern Varro similiter sic dici credidit,
quia latus cingeret. Servius in xn. J£n. Varro dicit hoc
nomen posse habere etiam Latinam etymologiam ut latrones
dicti sint, quasi laterones, quia circa latera regum sunt,
quos nunc satellites vacant"
Salmon (Stemmata Latinitatis, London, 1796)
says :
" SateUes I have marked as coming 'from the Greek,
because it seems to me to come from o-a for Sia (see note
on sapio) and rcAAw or Te'AAo/mai, I make or execute, arise,
bid, or order, send ; whence reXAt?, -cws, part, the whole,
order ; whence also re'Xos, end, duty, or tax (on entering
or going out), expense, magistracy, magistrate, troop,
legions, squadron, &c. : fiiare'AAw is not found, but may
have been used, as well as Sio/reAew, I go through, perse-
vere, last; since we find evreXXa) or evre\\ofiai., I enjoin or
command, I commission or charge. And what is a satel-
lite but one (of a troop) always near his master, exe-
cuting, or ready to execute, his orders ? "
Lemon (Eng. Etym., London, 1783) sayp :
Satellites. A.a#o> Dor. for A^flw, latus, quia lateat con-
daturque sub axillis ; & latus fit Satelles, quod circa la-
tera regum sint; id quod antiquitus latro, quasi latero;
a life guardsman, who antiently waited at the sides of
princes ; also used in astronomy to signify," &c.
Diderot (Ency.} says :
"Chez les empereurs d'orient, ce mot satellite signifioit
la dignite' ou Toffice de capitaine des gardes du corps. Ce
terme fut ensuite applique aux rapaux des seigneurs, et
enfin & tous ceux qui tenoient les fiefs, appelles Sergen-
terie. Ce terme ne se prend plus aujourd'hui qu'en mau-
vaise part. On dit les gardes d'un roi et les satellites d'un
tyran."
But see also Du Cange (Gloss.), Gesner (Thes.
Ling. Lat.}, and Dufresne (Gloss. Med. et Inf.
Lat.)
Satila, satal, to follow. . I do not know of any
European words derived from Arabic verbs^ but
there are many (particularly Spanish) derived
from Arabic nouns, not now to be found either in
Meninski, Golius, or in any Lexicon that I have
seen. R. S. CHARNOCK.
WATCHFULNESS OF THE GOOSE.
(2nd S. i. 473. 495.)
The historical credit of the received story re-
specting the preservation of the Capitol by the
geese, set forth in a former Note, depends in great
measure upon the vigilant habits of this bird, and
of its superiority to the dog as a guardian. Having
consulted Professor Owen upon this point of
natural history, I received from that distinguished
naturalist an answer, which, with his permission, I
lay before the readers of " N. & Q.," in illustra-
tion of my former remarks, The alertness and
watchfulness of the wild goose, which have made
its chase proverbially difficult, appear, from this
decisive testimony, to be characteristic of the bird
in its domesticated state. The establishment of
this fact unquestionably confirms the traditionary
account of their preservation of the Capitol. The
following is Professor Owen's letter. The cottage
where he resides is in Richmond Park.
" Opposite the cottage where I live is a pond, which is
frequented during the- summer by two brood-flocks of
geese belonging to the keepers. These geese take up
their quarters for the night along the margin of the pond,
into which they are ready to plunge at a moment's notice.
Several times when I have been up late, or wakeful, I
have heard the old gander sound the alarm, which is
2nd S. NO 33., AuSt 16. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
135
immediately taken up, and has been sometimes followed
by a simultaneous plunge of the flocks into the pool.
On mentioning this to the keeper, he, quite aware of the
characteristic readiness of the geese to sound an alarm in
the night, attributed it to the visit of a foumart, or other
predatory vermin. On other occasions, the cackling has
seemed to be caused by a deer stalking near the flock.
But often has the old Roman anecdote occurred to me
when I have been awoke by the midnight alarm-notes of
my anserine neighbours; and more than once I have
noticed, when the cause of alarm has been such as to
excite the dogs of the next-door keeper, that the geese
were beforehand in giving loud warning of the strange
steps.
" I have never had the smallest sympathy with the
sceptics as to Livy's statement : it is not a likely one to be
feigned ; it is in exact accordance with the characteristic
acuteness of sight and hearing, watchfulness, and power
and instinct to utter alarm-cries, of the goose."
L.
"HEY, JOHNNIE COPE.
(2nd S. ii. 68.)
The original song, beginning, —
" Cope sent a challenge frae Dunbar,"
was written by Adam Skirving, farmer of Garle-
ton, near Haddington ; who, says Allan Cunning-
ham, " besides his gift of song-making, which was
considerable, was one of the wittiest and most
whimsical of mankind." Adam Skirving was born
in 1719, and died in 1803. He is called "Mr.
Skirvm" by Ritson, "Mr. Skirven" by Sten-
house, and "Alexander Skirving" by Cunning-
ham. He was a remarkably handsome man, free
and outspoken in his manners, and being very
saving in money-matters, he left a considerable
fortune to his surviving children. He was twice
married. His eldest son by his first marriage,
Archibald Skirving, the portrait painter, who re-
sembled him in person and disposition, was well
known in Edinburgh. The second son, Captain
Robert Skirving, also inherited his father's poet-
ical genius. After many years' service in the
East Indies, he returned home in the year 1806,
and was living in 1838 at Croys, near Castle
Douglas. A letter, containing some curious par-
ticulars of his father, was addressed by the Cap-
tain to the last editor of Johnson's Scots Musical
Museum, 1839, vol. ii. p. 190*.
The authority for attributing this song to Adam
Skirving rests upon the late Mr. Stenhouse (notes
to Musical Museum, vol. iii. p. 220.) ; but, as the
writer of the "Additional Illustrations" to the
same work remarks, "Notwithstanding his son's
silence^ respecting the authorship of this song,
there is no reason for calling in question Mr.
Stenhouse's assertion, as the local character of the
verses, and their caustic spirit and resemblance
to his 'Trament Muir,' would place this point, I
think, beyond all reasonable doubt."
Hogg, in the Second Series of his Jacobite
Relics, 1821, p. 308., says :
" This song, so generally a favourite throughout Scot-
land, is certainly more indebted for its popularity to the
composer of the air, than the poet who wrote the verses,
The tune is really excellent, but the verses, take which
set we will, are commonplace enough. Yet I scarcely
know a song that so many people are fond of. For my
part I love it, and ever will, because it was a chief fa-
vourite with my late indulgent and lamented master and
friend, the Duke of Buccleugh, whom I have often heard
sing it with great glee."
"Johnnie Cope" is still a universal favourite in
Scotland, and no song, perhaps, has so many dif-
ferent " sets." Allan Cunningham mentions that
he once heard a peasant boast, among other ac-
quirements, that he could sing " Johnnie Cope,"
with all the nineteen variations !
Copies of the various sets may be seen in Hogg's
Jacobite Relics; Allan Cunningham's Songs of Scot-
land; Gilchrist's Ancient and Modern Scottish Sal-
lads ; Jacobite Minstrelsy, 18 mo., Glasgow, 1829 ;
Ritson's Scottish Songs ; Johnson's Scots Musical
Museum, &c.
The old air of "Johnnie Cope" originally con-
sisted of one strain, the author of which is un-
known. The earliest copies appear in Oswald's
Caledonian Pocket Companion, and in Johnson's
Scots Musical Museum. EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
Upon a reference to Chevalier Johnstone's Me-
moirs of the Rebellion, 1745, your correspondent
MR. KNOWLES will find much interesting matter
relative to Sir John Cope. The best edition of
the work is the one published in 1822, 8vo. The
author of the song, " Hey, Johnnie Cope," &c., was
Adam Skirving, farmer, Haddington ; full parti-
culars of whom, and his various songs, will be found
in Stenhouse's Illustrations of the Lyric Poetry and
Music of Scotland, by Laing and Sharpe, 8vo.,
1853. ' T. G. S.
Edinburgh.
GAMAGE FAMILY.
(2nd S. ii. 48.)
Amongst notes collected by the writer from
various sources relating to Gloucestershire fa-
milies are the following :
Gamage of Gamage. William Gamage was
Sheriff of Gloucestershire with another in 1325.
There is a place called Gamage Hall in Dymock
(co. Glou.).
Mune was anciently a manor within the manor
of Dymock. It was granted to William de Ga-
mage, 1 John ; and Jeffry, his son and heir, died
seised of it, and of 10Z. rent in Dymock, in
37 Hen. III.
Elizabeth, daughter and sole heiress of the lastr
136
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd S. 1^33., AUG. 16. '56.
named, married John Pembrugg, into whose
family she conveyed i£.
The arms, as given by Sir Robt. AUcyns, are as
follows : Arg. nine fusils in bend, gules, on a chief
azure three escallops, or.
In Berry's Dictionary of Heraldry the aAtis of
Gamage (of Coyte and Royiade, Hertfordshire)
are substantially the same, viz. Arg. five fusils in
bend gules, on a chief az. three escallops, or,
Crest, a griffin segreant, or.
In Dr. Strong's Heraldry of Herefordshire is
mentioned a Godfrey Gamage, of Manseli Ga-
mage, Herefordshire, temp. Edw. III., bearing
the same arms. • Manseli Gamage was one of the
chief possessions of the ancient family of Pem-
bruge long after this period. COOPER HILL.
Gloucester.
The following Notes may assist the researches
of ANON. : ' .
" GAMAGE (Coyte and Royiade, co. Hertford). Ar. five
fusils in bend gu. on a chief az. three escallops or. Crest,
a griffin segreant, or.
"GAMACK (Clerkenshalls, Scotland). Gu. a bend en-
grailed ar." — Burke's General Armory.
There are seven other entries in that book to the
name of Gamacli or Gamage, Gamadge or Ga-
, and Gamage, with similar arms.
In the account of " The Winning of the Lord-
ship of Glamorgan or Morgannwe out of the
Wdshmens Hands," said to be written by Sir
Edward Stradling, of St. Douat's Castle, Glamor-
ganshire, there is some information respecting the
Gamage family, their connections and estates.
It is prefixed to Wynne's edition of Powell's
translation of The History of Wales, by Caradoc
of Llancarvan, p. xxiii. ed. 1774.
In p. xxxiv. one Paine Gamage is mentioned as
" Lord of the Manor of Rogiade in the county of
Hfonmouth"
There is now a parish in Monmouthshire called
Roggiet, " in the hundred of Caldicott, GA miles
S.W. from Chepstow." See Lewis's Topograph.
Diet, of England.
I accidentally stumbled upon these particulars
a day or two a<ro : they may, perhaps, help your
anonymous querist. J. W. PHILLIPS.
Haverfbrdwest.
The Liber Niger of Christ Church Cathedral,
Dublin, which contains copies of ancient charters
and various other documents relating to the archbi-
shopric, states that Andrew Gamage was sergeant
to Archbishop Luke [1228 to about 1251], in his
manor of Bally more. He was one of the feoffees
by charter, and held in that manor to himself and
his heirs half a carucate of land for 12s. Qd. a-year.
His name also occurs as a juror to prove the
customs and liberties of Ballymore. The great
roll of the Pipe in the Record Tower of Dublin
Castle contains the account of Master Thomas de
Chaddisworth, as custodee of the temporalities of
the see, during its vacancy from 1251 to 1257.
In his " discharge '* of the profits of the manor of
Ballimore, he paid "to Walter Gamage for a
horse for the King's use, U." The Liber Niger
contains a list of the jurors empanelled to try the
extent of the manor in 1325 ; in it are the names
of Richard and Robert Gamage. E. D. B.
Portarlington.
ANON, is informed that about seventy years ago
an ancient maiden lady, named Gamage, died in
the Sidbury, Worcester, where she had long re-
sided. She was very intimate with my family,
which had in 1760 removed from Herefordshire,
and settled in Worcester. OGDO.
t0 Minor
Suffragan Bishops (2nd S. ii. 91.) — I can give
you some information respecting two or three of
the bishops named in the extract from Sir Thos.
Phillipps's Wiltshire Institutions, given by your
correspondent PATONCE : —
1. " Robertus Imelacensis Episcopus." This
was a Franciscan friar, an Englishman, who was
appointed Bishop of Emly, in Ireland, by the
Pope's provision, Feb. 1, 1429. His name was
Robert Portland, or Poetlan (Wadding, Annalcs
Minorum, torn. v. p. 203., ad an. 1429 ; Regist.
Pontif., Ibid., p. 173. It does not appear that he
ever took possession of the see. Another (or per-
haps the same) Robert of England, also a Fran-
ciscan, is mentioned as appointed to the same
bishopric in 1444, by provision of Pope Eugene
IV. (Wadding, Ibid, p. 456., ad an. 1444.)
2. " Jacobus Dei gratia Akardensis episcopus."
This was James Blakedon, or Blackden, a Domi-
nican friar, and Doctor of Divinity, who was
appointed Achadensis episcopus, i. e. Bishop of
Achonry, in Ireland, by provision of Pope Eugene
IV., Oct. 15, 1442. See De Burgo, Hibernia
Dominicana, p. 473.
This bishop was translated to Bangor in North
Wales, in 1452 ; and died there, Oct. 24, 1464.
See Goodwin, de Prcesulibus Anglm.
3. " Simon, Connerensis Episcopus," was a Do-
minican friar, who was appointed Bishop of Con-
nor, in Ireland, by provision of Pope Pius II.,
Feb. 12, 1459. See De Burgo, Hib. Dominicana,
p. 475.
4. "Johannes Mayonensis episcopus." This
was John Bell, a Franciscan, who was made
Bishop of Mayo, in Ireland, Nov. 5, 1493 (Wad-
ding, Annal. Minorum, torn. vii. p. 314).
JAMES II. TODD.
Trin. Coll., Dublin. '
2nd S. NO 33., AUG. 16. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
137
Poem about a Mummy (2nd S. ii. 87.) — Proba-
bly the poem your correspondent, A. A. D. in-
quires for is The Answer of the Egyptian Mummy,
in reply to the Address to an Egyptian Mummy, a
poem written at the unrolling of a mummy some
years ago. The Address, which is a poem of con-
siderable merit, and of no little interest, was at-
tributed to Mr. Eoscoe, and has been several times
reprinted.
The Answer was, what your correspondent calls
it, — droll, and describes the mummies' " ex-
periences " of three thousand years ago. It was
printed in the Saturday Magazine of the Christian
Knowledge Society for April 26, 1834, to which I
beg to refer A. A. D. I may just name as well
that the Address itself was also reprinted in the
same magazine for February 22, in the same year.
LLEWELLYNN JEWITT, F.S.A.
Derby.
I think that your correspondent^. A. D. must
refer to an " Address to the Mummy in Belzoni's
Exhibition," written by Horace Smith, and origin-
ally published in the "New Monthly Magazine.
Perhaps the quotation of one of the stanzas may
refresh A. A. D.'s memory.
" I need not askfthee if that hand, now calmed,
Has any Roman soldier mauled and knuckled,
For thou wert dead, and buried, and embalmed,
Ere Romulus and Remus had been suckled:
Antiquity appears to have begun
Long after thy primeval race was run."
JOHN PAVIN PHILLIPS.
Haverfordwest.
In a work upon the Plurality of Worlds, by
Alex. Copland, Advocate, 8vo., Lond. and Edin.,
1834, there is a poem entitled " The Mummy
Awake," which may be what A. A. D. wants.
J.O.
There is a story by Edgar Poe, among his
Tales of Mystery, &c., entitled " Some Words with
a Mummy," which pretty nearly answers the
description given by A. A. D., except that it is in
prose. It may be found in vol. i. pp. 212. 599.,
in an edition published by Vizetelly in 1852,
among the series of " Readable Books."
H. A. C.
Mr. Bathurst's Disappearance (2nd S. ii. 48. 95.)
— Has there not been a story going the rounds of
the English and foreign papers, since the publica-
tion of Bishop Bathurst's Life by his son, the late
archdeacon, to the effect that some human bones
had been found in making alterations in the
>' Post House at (I think) Perleberg," where the
disappearance took place, which were supposed to
be those of Mr. Bathurst. Probably it is a
" canard." If I am right in fixing on Perleberg
as the locus in quo, it is hardly " pres de Ham-
bourg?" I once heard the subject discussed in
a German diligence. The opinion expressed was,
that he had committed suicide ; throwing himself
into some tributary of the Elbe, then swollen by
rains, whilst his horses were being fed at the post.
The loss of his dispatches was the reason assigned
for the commission of this rash act of desperation.
How these dispatches were lost was a disputed
point ; but the opinion of the diligence was, that
either Russia, or our ally Austria, and not France,
had a hand in their disappearance. J. H. L.
To settle divers errors, let me state, as a rela-
tive of the wife of Mr. Benjamin Bathurst, that
she was the eldest daughter of Sir John Call of
Whiteford House, Cornwall, and sister to the late
Sir William Call. Lady Aylmer, who is alive,
is her sister. Mrs. Bathurst's only surviving
daughter is the Countess of Castle Stuart, not the
Dowager Countess. A. HOLT WHITE.
A Noble Cook (2nd S. ii. 87.) — I have heard
this extract alluded to the Lord Aston of that
day. The title is now, I believe, extinct. The
last lord was in holy orders. In a statement of
the case of the soi-disant Earl of Stirling (no very
good authority), with a view of showing that
other Scotch claimants of peerages had not com-
plied with the orders of the House of Lords, it is
alleged —
" The Lord Aston, whose name does not even stand on
the Roll of Scotch Peers, has still been allowed to keep
his title, and to be denominated as Lord Aston in the
Commission of the Peace for the County of Worcester."
I presume this lord was a descendant of the
cook. J. H. L.
" God save the King " (2nd S. ii. 96.) — DR.
GAUNTLETT, in his note upon this tune, has gone
out of the way to point out an error of the late
Dr. Crotch's. In so doing he has made a " ludi-
crous mistake " himself. The author of the chant
in D minor was not " William Morley of 1740,"
but William Morley, Gent., of the .Chapel Royal,
whose death is recorded in the cheque book of
that establishment to have taken place Oct. 29,
1721. The correct date is of some value in DR.
GAUNTLETT' s argument. EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
Order of St. John of Jerusalem (2nd S. i. 460.)
— Does not E. H. A. confound two different
orders ? The order of the ^emple was surely
quite different from that of St. John of Jerusalem
or the Knights Hospitallers, and the one body, if
my memory does not' fail me, was generally in
rivalry, not .to say hostility, to ,the other. /3. y. 5.
" Blawn-sheres " (2nd S. ii. 65.) — The word to
which G. refers is sewells, not sewers. It is ex-
plained by MR. HALLIWELL as a " scarecrow "
made of feathers, to scare deer from breaking the
fences. MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A.
138
NOTES AND QUERIES.
S. NO 33., AUG. 16. '56.
Eaton's Sermon (2nd S. i. 516.; ii. 93.) — In
that singular book, Cotton Mather's Magnolia
Christi Americana (Lond. 1702, fol.), is a notice
of Mr. Samuel Eaton. As the work is rare, I
have transcribed the passage for MR. ASPLAND :
" He was the Son of Mr. Richard Eaton, the Vicar of
Great Burdworth in Cheshire, and the Brother of Mr.
Theophilus Eaton, the Renowned Govenour of New-Haven.
His Education was at the University of Oxford: And
because it will douhtless recommend to find such a Pen,
as that which wrote the Athence Oxoniensls thus Charac-
terising of him, Reader, thou shalt have the very Words
of that Writer, concerning him : After he had left the
University, he entred into the Sacred Function, took Orders
according to the Church of England, and was Beneficed in
his Country : But having been puritanically Educated, he
did dissent in some Particulars thereof. Whereupon finding
his Place too tvarm for him, he Revolted, and went into New-
England, and Preached among the Brethren there. But
let us have no more of this Wood! Mr. Eaton was a
verv Holy Man, and a Person of great Learning and
Judgment, and a most Incomparable Preacher. But upon
his Dissent from Mr. Davenport, about the Narrow Terms,
and Forms of Civil Government, by Mr. Davenport, then
forced upon that Infant-Colony, his Brother advised him
to a Removal : And calling at Boston by the way, when
he was on his Removal, the Church there were so highly
affected with his Labours, thus occasionally enjoyed
among them, that they would fain have engaged him
unto a Settlement in that Place. But the Lord Jesus
Christ had more Service for him in Old-England, than he
could have done in New; and therefore arriving in Eng-
land, he became the Pastor of a Church at Duckenfield,
in the Parish of Stockfort, in Cheshire, and afterwards at
Stockport; and a Person of Eminent Note and Use, not
only in that, but also in the Neighbour-County.
" After the Restoration of K. Charles II. he underwent
first Silencing, and then much other Suffering, from the
Persecution, which yet calls for a National Repentance.
He was the author of manv Bonks, and especially of some
in Defence of the Christian Faith, about the God- Head
of Christ, against the Socinian Blasphemies : And his Help
was joined unto Mr. Timothy Tailors, in writing some
Treatises entituled, The Congregational Way Justified.
By these he Out-lives his Death, which fell out at Denton,
in the Parish of Manchester in Lancashire, (where says
our Friend Rabshakeh Wood, he had sheltered himself
among the Brethren after his Ejection) on the Ninth Day
of January, 1664, and he was Buried in the Chapel
there." — Book iii. p. 213.*
See also Wood's Athena Oxoniensis, by Bliss,
iii. 672. 382. ; iv. 4. ; Calamy's Ejected Ministers,
1713, p. 412. ; Continuation, 1727, p. 566.
JOHN I. DREDGE.
" Rand" (2nd S. i. 213. 396. 522. ; ii. 97.)— Does
not the modern German word rand — such as meeres-
rand, sea-shore ; flussesrand, river's bank — suggest,
as this language I have so frequently found to do,
some old Saxon word of the same meaning ? The
locality mentioned by C. J. "between Trumfleet
Marsh and the north bank of the river Don,"
seems to me to point to some such derivation for
the space between the edge of the marsh and the
bank of the river, being called the " rands," or
* The Capitals and Italics in the above are Mather's.
-J.I.D.
4 shores." It hardly appears as probable that the
benefactor of Fishlake, on the south side of the
river, should have had his name given to ground
on the north side, which may probably belong to
a different parish. E. E. BYNG.
See Johnson's Dictionary, " RAND, n. s. (rand,
Dut.), border, seam, as the rand of a woman's
shoe." In Scotland the selvage or border of a
web of cloth " list," a marginal border, is called a
rund, pronounced roond. J. Ss.
Song ly Old Dr. Wilde (2nd S. ii. 57.) — This
song occupies pp. 51 to 53 in Iter Boreale, &c.,
1670, being a parody on the older song of " Hallow
my fancie, whither wilt thou go ? " the burden
being " Alas, poor scholar, whither wilt thou go ? "
and the concluding verse is very characteristic of
the times :
" Ho, ho, ho, I have hit it, —
Peace goodman fool ;
Thou hast a trade will fit it ;
Draw thy indenture,
Be bound at adventure,
An apprentice to a free school ; —
There thou mayest command
By William Lilly e's charter ;
There thou mayest whip, strip,
And hang, and draw, and quarter,
And commit to the red rod
Both Tom, Will, and Arthur.
I, I, 'tis thither, thither will I go."
More than twenty years have passed since I
cut several columns from Felix Farley's Bristol
Journal, headed " The Garland of Withered Ro-
ses." They were sent to that paper by your old
correspondent J. M. G., of Worcester. No. 1.
contained Cleland's beautiful ode of " Hallow my
fancie," with an introductory notice. The original
poem, as it appeared in the first edition of his
Poems, 1658, is blended with the additions made
in the second, 1697 ; it extends consequently to
sixteen stanzas, and, beautiful as it is, therefore it
is too long for your pages. These papers were
continued only to six numbers, but each contained
some gem of ancient poetry. Would J. M. G.
contribute them for preservation to your pages ?
The introductory remarks are in each notice too
good to be lost. G. D.
Henley-on- Thames (2"* S. i. 454. ; ii. 18.) —In
addition to what I have already sent, I would ob-
serve that there are two separate notices of
Henley in the Rawlinson Collection of MSS. hi
the Bodleian, consisting of copies of inscriptions
on tombstones principally. It may be of use to
persons interested in topographical studies to
mention that there are notices of a similar kind of
many other places in the same collection. Some
for Sussex were made use of in Hastings Past and
Present, published last year. E. M.
Oxford.
2»* S. N° 33., AUG. 16. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
139
Portraits of Swift (2nd S. ii. 21. 96.) — I possess
Faulkner's edition of my ancestor Dean Swift's
Works, published, not in 1734, but in 1738, with
this general title, "The Works of J. S. D. D. D.
S. P. D. in Six Volumes." It was the Dean's
own copy, was bought at the sale of his library in
1745-6, and bears the book-plate of "Edward
Synge." I acquired it at the auction of the late
Sir E. Synge's books by Sotheby in 1843. Not
any one of its volumes has the Dean's autograph :
but the ffth is marked by himself — and I well
know his handwriting — "read thorow." The
first volume has his portrait in a plain oval frame,
with the inscription, " The Reverend Dr. J. Swift,
D.S.P.D.," and the engraver's name, " G. Vertue."
The second volume (dated 1737) has his medallion
portrait, surrounded with sunbeams, emblematic
female figures, the half- concealed bust of I-know-
not-whom, books, and a scroll with " The Poetical
Works of the Rev. D. S. * * D. S. P. D. 1734,"
the motto " Quis speret idem ? — Hor." and the
engraver's name, " P. Simms, Sc." The fourth
volume has a frontispiece, differing from that de-
scribed by your correspondent G. N. in the table
having books, peris and ink, &c., while the coins
are spread on the lower step before his Deanship's
chair. The engraver's name, whereof G. N. pro-
pounds a Query, is legible enough, " G. Vertue."
It is hardly worth explanation that, valuing the
antiquity of my family beyond its incidental dis-
tinction of the Dean (unto whom our only obliga-
tions are his hindrance of my grandfather's ad-
vancement and the loss of a large portion of my
paternal estate), I have long resumed our early
signature, EDMUND LEKTHAL SWIFTE.
Worthing.
" It " (1st S. passim.') — In some parts of Ireland,
the word it is used in the genitive case, instead of
ifs. A man said to me to-day, pointing to an old
gate, "That gate, Sir, has done it duty," for "it's
duty." And this is the common language of the
country : " The horse fell and broke it knees."
Is this an old English idiom ? The neuter it
is not found, I believe, in the genitive form ifs, in
the English Bible or in Shakspeare. I suspect,
therefore, that the peculiarity I have noticed (like
many other phrases common in Ireland) is a rem-
nant of the English of the fifteenth and sixteenth
centuries, when we Irish learned that language
for the first time. S. N. D.
Dublin.
"Allow" (2nd S. ii. 10.) — In the north of Ire-
land this word is used in the sense of command,
order, direct. Being on a visit with a friend near
Armagh, some years ago, 1 found a labourer in
the act of cutting down a laurel. I said to him,
"Why do you cut that tree ?" His answer was,
"The master allowed me:" meaning the master
ordered me to do so. On another occasion, I was
on a visit with a clergyman still farther north.
One of his parishioners, a very poor man, came to
him one day when I was by, and informed him
that he wished to be married to Biddy O'Neill.
" Paddy," said the clergyman, " are you in your
senses ? Both you yourself and Biddy O'Neill
are every winter in the greatest distress, coming
to me and others for support. How are you to
live if you marry, and how are you to maintain
your family ?" " O, please your reverence," said
the man, " may be the Lord would allow that we
should have no childer." S. N. D.
Dublin.
The Weather (2nd S. i. 431.) — In addition to
the observations as to the change in the prevailing
winds in this country, I have a further fact to
communicate, as to the extraordinary decrease of
force in the trade winds in late years. Two nau-
tical men have made the same observation to me,
that ever since their boyhood the difference was
most remarkable. Can any cause be discovered
for this ? E. E. BYNG.
Apostle Spoons (2nd S. ii. 112.) — W. T. is re-
ferred to Hone's Every-Day Book, vol. i. p. 175.,
and to The Table Book, p. 817., for a sketch of
" a set of Apostle Spoons," and for the history
thereof. EVERARD HOME COLEMAN.
79. Wood Street, Cheapside.
Samuel Rolls (2nd S. ii. 88.) — See Darling's
Cyclo. Bibliographica, col. 2584. ; Calamy's Ac-
count, p. 108.; Continuation, p. 144.; Palmer's
Nonconformists' Memorial, 1802, vol. i. p. 298. ;
Dr. Owen's Works, by Goold, 1851, vol. ii. p. 276. ;
Orme's Life of Owen, 1820, p. 380.; Wood's
Athence Oxon., by Bliss, vol. iv. 106. 108. 203.
JOHN I. DREDGE.
Olovensis, Bishopric of (2nd S. ii. 88.)— The
see in question was probably Olena, and the
bishop styled Olenensis. Olena is a see in par~
tibm, and was the title of Dr. Griffiths, the late
Vicar Apostolic of the London district. It is now
called Caminizza, and is in the Morea, easily mis-
taken for Mauritania. It formed one of the four
suffragan sees of the metropolitan of Patras.
F. C.H.
Aristotle s " Organon" (2nd S. ii. 81.) — It is
singular that PROFESSOR DE MORGAN, in his ar-
ticle on the " Logic of Aristotle," should not
mention Waitz's edition of the Organon, which is
by far the best that has been hitherto published.
Nor has he mentioned the Prologomena Logica of
Mr. Mansel, nor his new edition of Aldrich, works
which have thrown immense light on the logical
treatises of the Stagyrite. Indeed it is very doubt-
ful, now that Sir W. Hamilton is dead, it there is
anybody in this country that understands Aris-
140
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd S. N° 33., AUG. 16. '56.
totle's Organon better than Mr. Mansel, late Fel •
low and Tutor of St. John's, Oxford.
EVAN JONES.
Lampeter, Cardiganshire.
NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.
The University of Cambridge having adopted the
course recommended by the Pitt Press Syndicate, and
determined upon the formation of a more elaborate Cata-
logue of the Manuscripts belonging to the University
than that prepared by Nasmith, instructions for carrying
such object into effect were issued in 1851, since which
time a party of cataloguers have at intervals been en-
gaged upon the work. The Catalogue has been divided
into eight divisions, and the following Members of the
Senate have contributed to the first volume: — I. Anglo-
Saxon, Anglo-Norman, and Early English Literature,
Mr. C. Hardwick, St. Catherine's Hall, editor. 2. Clas-
sical, Mr. Churchill Babington, St. John's College. 3.
Heraldic, Sec., Mr. Charles C. Babington, St. John's Col-
lege. 4. Historical, Mr. W. R. Collett, Gonville and Cams
College. 5. Legal, Professor Abdy, Trinity Hall. 6.
Musical, Mr. \V. H. Hutt, Gonville and Gains College. 1.
Scientific, Medical, 8fc., Dr. Webster, Jesus College, and
Mr. J. Glover, Trinity College. And lastly, 8. Theological,
Mr. H. R. Luard and Mr. C. B. Scott, Trinity College,
who have been assisted by Mr. J. E. Cooper of St.
Johns College, Mr. W. H. Howard of Sidney Sussex Col-
lege, and Mr. F. J. A. Hort of Trinity College. At the
conclusion of the work, a set of copious Indices will be
appended for the purpose of facilitating reference to the
Catalogue, together with a Table denoting, as far as pos-
sible, the last owner from whom each MS. had passed into
the hands of the University. We are glad to have the
opportunity of bringing under the notice of our readers
this first volume of A Catalogue of the Manuscripts preserved
in the Library of the University of Cambridge, edited for
the Syndics of the University Press, and of bearing our
testimony to the great pains which have been bestowed
upon it by the gentlemen selected for its preparation.
The work is one which, when completed, will be most
useful to scholars, as well as most creditable to the com-
pilers and to the University of Cambridge. Would that
it might be followed by a Second Series — furnishing
Catalogues of the MSS. in the Libraries of the different
Colleges and Halls — like the admirable Oxford Cata-
logue prepared by Mr. Coxe.
Clearly arranged, with a full and well-engraved tra-
velling map, and a carefully compiled index, Murray's
Handbook for Travellers in Wiltshire, Dorsetshire, and
Somersetshire, will be found a trusty guide and a pleasant,
nay, an indispensable travelling companion to all future
tourists through those lovely counties. Mr. Murray is,
bv the publication of these Home Guides, doing good
service to those who are inclined to take the advice of
The Times, and spend their holidays in our own healthful
ami beautiful islands.
By-tlie-bye, the mention of The Times reminds us of
the "proper tone in which that and other influential
journals are qicaking out on the subject of some recent
operatic and dramatic representations based upon clever
but disgusting French novels. The press may do much
to check this growing evil ; but let the women of Eng-
laud do justice to that purity of mind for which they are
\vorld-renowned, and refuse to be present when such
dramas are performed, and they will put an effectual
check to this endeavour to familiarise the English public
with the most objectionable productions of the novelists
and dramatists of France.
BOOKS RECEIVED. — Dictionary of Greek and Roman
Geography by Various Writers, edited by William Smith,
LL.D., Part XVI., Satassi—Sinuessa. This, the last part
but one of this valuable contribution to our knowledge of
ancient geography, contains, among other important
articles, those on Sardinia, Scythia, Sicilia, &c.
Chappell's Popular Music of the Olden Time. Part VII.
That this new number of Mr. Chappell's most interesting
illustrations of the National Music of England is not one
jot inferior to any that have preceded it, our readers will
feel sure when we mention that in the present number the
Editor gives us the history of Sobbing Joan, Yon Gentle-
men of England, The Queen, Old Courtier, Since first 1 saw
your Face, Hunting the Hare, Tom a Bedlam, and many
other popular airs.
BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES
WANTED TO PURCHASE.
Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct to
the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and ad-
dresses are given for that purpose :
COXE'S BALLADS. J. H. Parker.
PYLE'S PARAPHRASE OF THE EPISTLES OP THE NEW TESTAMENT. 5th
Edition. Vol. I. (Vol. II. is dated 1765.)
ROBY'S TRADITIONS OP LANCASHIRE. Large Paper Edition.
TEMPER. 3*. (id. Seeley.
MILL ON THE TEMPTATION OF CHRIST.
WIGAN, DIVARICATION BETWEEN THE WORD OP GOD AND THE WOKD op
MAN.
Wanted by Charles F. Blackburn, Bookseller, Leamington.
MR. FRERE'S TRANSLATION OF ARISTOPHANES. 4to. Pickering.
W anted by Rev. John C. Jackson, 17. Sutton Place, Hackney.
LAUDENSIUM AOTOCATACRYSTS, OR THE SELF-CONDEMNATION OK LAUD
AND HIS ADHERENTS. Anonymous, but ascribed to Principal Baillie.
1610.
Wanted by Dr. Thorn, 23. Erskine Street, Liverpool.
to
JFe are compelled to postpone until next week a continuation of the
valuable General Literary Index by our Correspondent BIBMOTHECAK.
CHETHAM., and several other valuable papers.
A. K. (Broughton, near Chester.) It is impossible to give anything
like <n> estimate of the mine of such pictures us //on describe without see-
ing them. The probability is about 21, or 3Z. each, but the more modern
one might be valuable as a work of art.
W. S. (Gresham House) will rind the Nine of Diamonds the Curse of
Scotland illustrated in our 1st S. i. 61. 90. ; iii. 22. 253. 423. 483. ; v. 619.
AKFINIS, (R. G.) Thanks for your suggestion. The practice is, how-
ever, carried out by us to a very great extent,
V. F. S. iv ill find the derivation and meaning of " Jfammet " noticed
in our 1st S. viii. 515. ; ix. 43. 82. Consult also Nares's Glossary.
ERRATUM. -2nd S. 113. col. 1. 1. •!., for "Greek Testament " read
" Greek text."
IVDEX TO THE FIRST SERIES. As this is now published, and the im-
pression is a limited one, such of our readers as desire copies would do
well to intimate their wish to their respective bookseller* n-ithout delay.
Our publishers, MKSSKS. BKLL & D\LDY, will forward copies by post on
recent of a 2'ost Office Order for Five Shillings.
"NOTES AND QUERIES" is published at noon on Friday, so that the A
Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and m
deliver them to their Subscribers on the Saturday.
" NOTES AND QUERIES " is also issued in Monthly Parts, for the con-
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Publisher. The subscription for the stamped edition of " NOTES AND
QUERIES" (including a very copious Index) is eleven shillings and four-
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favour of the Publisher, MR. GEO'RQB BELL, No. 186. Fleet Street.
34., AUG. 23. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
141
j LONDON, SATURDAY, AUGUST 23, 1856.
AYTOUN'S " BOTHWELL : " BOTHWELL'S LAST
PLACE OF CONFINEMENT.
Mr. Aytoun states in his preface, " The scene
of this poem, which is in the form of a monologue,
is laid in the fortress of Malmoe, where Bothwell
was confined." And in one of his notes, after giv-
ing a translation of the order for Bothwell's im-
prisonment in that fortress, and noticing his efforts
to obtain his freedom, Mr. Aytoun remarks :
"No answer seems to have been made to these memo-
rials, and the unhappy man never quitted the prison in
which he had been immured."
Now it happens to be a recently well ascer-
tained fact that Bothwell did quit his dungeon in
the fortress of Malmoe, and that, for the last five
years of his life, he was confined in the castle of
Drachsholm, where he terminated his miserable
existence.
This fact does not affect the action or interest
of Mr. Aytoun's poem, but for the sake of his-
torical accuracy it is commended to his attention
in his notes to his next edition.
We are enabled to assign the castle of Drachs-
holm as the place of Bothwell's confinement during
the last five years of his life, by a reference to The
Traveller's Handbook to Copenhagen and its En-
virons, by Anglicanus (Copenhagen, Steen & Son ;
London, J. B,. Smith, 1853), from which the fol-
lowing quotation is taken :
"Drachsholm. — Although this castle cannot be in-
cluded in the environs of Copenhagen, yet it is within
tolerable distance, and so connected with an epoch in
Scottish history as must render it a place of interest to
every subject of Great Britain. It is a remarkable fact
that' every English historian, to the very last, has made
Malmoe, in Sweden, the death-place of the turbulent
rl of Bothwell. But Mr. Thorleifr Gudmundson Repp,
learned Icelander (and a thorough Englishman at
rt), has, acting under the commands of Queen Caroline
Lmalie of Denmark, daughter of the sister of George III.,
ved from documents found by him in the Royal Privy
irchives of Copenhagen, that Earl Bothwell was removed
rom Malmoe, then included in the Danish kingdom, at
the urgent request of the Scottish government (as, being
a sea-port, it afforded the earl too much liberty and in-
tercourse with the Scottish gentlemen and officers who
used to visit that town), to Drachsholm, a sequestered
castle on the west coast of Zealand, which at that time
belonged to the crown, but is now a baronial residence,
called Adlersborg. Here it was that the turbulent and
ibitious Earl of Bothwell passed, in great seclusion, the
it years of his chequered life." — P. 1.76.
A very interesting "short summary of Mr.
Lepp's work " is then given, but as the Handbook
so accessible, it is unnecessary to repeat it here,
to do more than draw attention to it. Suffice
it to say that Bothwell appears to have been de-
tained in Malmoe from 1568 till 1573 ; that he was
then removed to the castle of Drachsholm ; that
after this his history is so involved in obscurity
that even contemporary accounts vary as to the
date of his decease ; that the Danish authorities
countenanced the report that he died in 1575,
wearied by the conflicting entreaties of Scotland
and France ; but that the best authorities establish
it as a fact that he died on the 14th of April,
1578, at the castle of Drachsholm, and that his
remains were consigned to a vault of the parish
church of Faareveile.
The author of the Handbook, in conclusion,
communicates the following interesting informa-
tion :
" Mr. Repp has, in his book, collected about thirty do-
cuments, never before published, consisting of diplomatic
despatches and letters in Latin, French, German, and
Danish, in a high degree interesting, and characteristic
of the times in which they were written. On them the
learned Icelander has founded a memoir illustrative of the
history of the north of Europe in the latter half of the
sixteenth century, more particularly in respect to the
Protestant cause at that period ; illustrative of the Bar-
tholomew massacre, and of its real authors ; illustrative
of Danish politics in relation to the Isles of Orkney and
Shetland, at that time held as a pawn by the Scottish
Court. Not a few historical views now generally current
are likely to receive correction from these documents,
when they become known to the literary world."
J.D.
Paisley.
GENERAL LITERARY INDEX : PENAL LAWS : TEST
LAWS : TOLERATION.
The following are not found in Watt's Biblio~
theca Britannica, under these, their respective
heads :
" Toleration discussed. 8vo. London, 1670."
" The Advocate of Conscience-Liberty, or an Apology
for Toleration. 8vo. 1673."
" Two Dialogues in English, between a Doctor of
Divinity and a Student in the Laws of England, on the
Grounds of the said Laws of Conscience. 8vo. 1673."
" Six Papers, containing, 1. Reasons against the Re-
pealing the Acts of Parliament concerning the Test.
Humbly offer'd to the consideration of the Members of
both Houses at their next meeting. 2. Reflections on
His Majesties Proclamation for a Toleration in Scotland,
together with the said Proclamation. 3. Reflections on
His Majesties Declaration for Liberty of Conscience.
Dated the Fourth of April, 1687. 4. An Answer to a
Paper Printed with Allowance, entitled A New Test of
the Church of England's Loyalty. 5. Remarks on the
Two Papers writ by His late Majesty King Charles II.
concerning Religion. 6. The Citation, together with
Three Letters to the Earl of Midleton. By Gilbert
Burnet, D.D. 1687."
"The Burnt Child dreads the Fire; or, an Examin-
ation of the Merits of the Papists relating to England,
mostly from their own Pens. In Justification of the late
Act o"f Parliament for preventing Dangers which may
happen from Popish Recusants. And further shewing
that, whatsoever their merits have been, no thanks to
their Religion, and therefore ought not to be gratified in
142
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
S. N« 34., AUG. 23. '56.
their Religion by Toleration thereof. By Will. Denton.
4to. London, 1675."
" The Established Test in order to theiSecurity of His
Majesty's sacred Person and Government and the. Pro-
testant Religion. 4to. 1679."
" The Dissenter's usual Pleas for Toleration Discuss'd.
8vo. London, 1680."
" A Discourse concerning the Laws of the Church of
Rome made against Hereticks, &c. &c. 1682. (Repr. 8vo.
Dublin, 1723.)"
" Toleration proved Impossible. 4to. London, 1685."
" A short Discourse upon the Reasonableness of Men's
having a Religion or Worship of God, by the Duke of
Buckingham. London, 1685."
" A Short Answer to His Grace the Duke of Bucking-
ham's Paper concerning Religion, Toleration, and Liberty
of Conscience. 4to. London, 1685."
" The Duke of Buckingham his Grace's Letter to the
unknown Author of a Paper entitled ' A Short Answer,'
&c. London, 1685."
" A Reply to the Answer of the Man of no Name to the
Duke of Buckingham's Paper. 4to. London, 1685."
"A Defence of the Duke of Buckingham's Book of Re-
ligion and Worship from the Exceptions of a nameless
Author. By the Pensylvanian. 4to. London, 1685."
" The Danger and Unreasonableness of Toleration.
1685."
" Considerations moving to Toleration and Liberty of
Conscience. 4to. London, 1685."
" The Vanity of all Pretensions for Toleration. 1685."
" The good old Test revived and Recommended to all
sincere Christians. 4to. 1687.
"The true Interest of the legal English Protestants ;
stated in a Letter to a present Member of the House of !
Commons. Fol. 1687."
" Reasons for the Repeal of the Tests. 4to. (a single \
sheet). 1687."
"A Letter concerning the Test and Persecution for
Conscience Sake, to a Member of the House of Lords.
4to. 1687."
" Remarks on the several Sanguinary and Penal Laws
made in Parliament against Roman Catholics. 4to.
1687."
" How the Members of the Church of England ought
to behave themselves under a Roman Catholic King, with
reference to the Test and Penal Laws. In a Letter to a
Friend, by a Member of the same Church. 8vo. London,
1687."
" Advice to Freeholders and other Electors of Members
to serve in Parliament, in relation to the Penal Laws and
the Test. 4to. 1687."
" A new Test of the Church of England's Loyalty. 4to.
1687."
" The new Test of the Church of England's Loyalty ex •
amined by the old Test of Truth and Honesty. 4to.
1687."
" Mr. James's Vindication of the Church of England in
answer to a Pamphlet entitled, A new Test of the Church
of England's Loyalty. 4to. 16b7."
"An instance of the Church of England's Loyalty.
4to. 1687."
"A Letter from a Gentleman in the Country to his
Friend in London on the subject of the Penal Laws and
Tests. 4to. 1687."
" A second Letter, &c. 1687."
" A third Letter. 1687."
"A Letter in answer to a City Friend, shewing how
agreeable Liberty of Conscience is to the Church of Eng-
land. 4to. London : 1687."
" A Discourse for taking off the Test and Penal Laws
about Religion. 4to. 1G87."
" The Reasonableness of Toleration and the Unreason-
ableness of Penal Laws and Tests. 4to. 1687."
"The Judgment and Doctrine of the Clergy of the
Church of England concerning the King's Prerogative in
dispensing with Penal Laws. 1687 ? "
" An Answer to a late Pamphlet entitled, The Judg-
ment and Doctrine of the Clergy, &c., shewing that this
is not asserted by the Archbishops Bancroft, Laud, and
Usher, Bp. Sanderson, the Doctors Heylin, Barrow, Sher-
lock, Hickes, Nalson, Puller, so far as appears from their
Words cited in this Pamphlet. In a Letter to a Friend.
4to. 1687."
" Reflections upon the new Test and the Reply thereto ;
with a Letter of Sir Francis Walsingham's concerning
the Penal Laws made in the Reign of Q. Elizabeth. 1687.
4to."
" A Letter to a Dissenter from his Friend at the Hague
concerning the Penal Laws and Test ; shewing that the
popular Plea for Liberty of Conscience is not concerned in
that question. 4to., a single sheet. Hague. 1688."
" Old Popery as good as new ; or the Unreasonableness
of the Church of England in some of her Doctrines and
Practices, and the Reasonableness of Liberty of Conscience.
4to. 1688."
" The great and popular Objection against the Repeal of
the Penal Laws and Test briefly stated and considered,
and which may serve for answer to several late Pamphlets
upon the Subject. By William Pen, the Quaker. 1688.
4to."
" An Answer to the Bp. of Oxford's Reasons for abro-
gating the Test, by a Person of Quality. London : 1688.
4to."
" Their Highness the Prince and Princess of Orange's
Opinion about a general Liberty of Conscience, &c., being
a Collection of four select Papers, viz. 1. Mijn Heer
Fagel's First Letter to Mr. Stewart. 2. Reflections on
Mons. Fagel's Letter, and Fagel's Second Letter to Mr.
SteAvart. 4. Some Extracts out of Mr. Stewart's Letters,
which were communicated to Mijn Heer Fagel, together
with some References to Mr. Stewart's printed Letter.
1689. 4to."
" Animadversions upon Mijn Heer Fagel's Letter con-
cerning our Penal Laws and Tests ; with Remarks upon
that Subject occasioned by the publishing of that Letter.
1688. 4to."
"Jus Regium Coronas; or the King's supreme Power
in dispensing with Penal Statutes ; more particularly as it
relates to the two Test Acts, in Two Parts. By John
Wilson. 1688. 4to."
"A seasonable Discourse, showing the necessity of
Union among Protestants, in opposition to Popery, as the
only means under God to preserve the Reformed Religion.
Also the charge of Persecution lately maintained against
the Established Religion by W. P[en], H. C[are], and
other insignificant Scribblers detected, proving it to be
the Ministers of State, and not the Church, that prose-
cuted the Penal Laws on Protestant Dissenters. 1688.
4to."
" Hora3 Subsecivaa ; or a Treatise showing the original
Grounds, Reason, and Provocations necessitating our
sanguinary Laws against Papists made in the Days of
Q,. Eliz., and the Gradations by which they ascended into
that severity, and showing that no Papist hath been exe-
cuted in England on the single account of his Religion, in
the Daies of Edwd. VI., Q. Eliz., James, Car. I. or
Car. II., though multitudes of Protestants were in tha
Daies of Hen. VIII. and Q. Mary. 4to. 1688? "
" A Collection of several Treatises concerning the
Reasons and Occasions of the Penal Laws: 1. The Exe-
cution of Justice in England, not for Religion but for
Treason, Dec. 17, 1583. [By Win. Cecil Lord Burleigh.]
S. NO 34., AUG. 23. '56. j
NOTES AND QUERIES.
143
2. Important Considerations by the Secular Priests. By
William Watson, 1681. 3. The Jesuits' Reasons Unrea-
sonable, or Doubts proposed to the Jesuits upon their
Paper presented to Seven Persons of Honour for Non-
Exception from the common favour voted to Catholics.
1688. 4to. Second edition corrected."
" Some Considerations about the new Test of the Church
of England's Loyalty in a Letter to a Country Gentleman
on the occasion of the present Invasion. 4to. 1688."
BlBLIOTHECAR. CflETHAM.
(To be continued.)
THE GYPSIES AND THEIR NAME, " KOMEES.
It appears that the gypsies, though they receive
in various countries various names according to the
ideas which people may entertain regarding them,
yet apply to themselves one and the same name
everywhere. They call themselves Romees, or
the Romino people ; and the meaning of the term
has been quite puzzling enough. Some philo-
logists have supposed it to be derived from the
Sanskrit rham, a husband, but the sound of the
word is not much alike, and besides, husbands is
not a happy term to apply to young and old alike,
to both the married and unmarried. Neither can
Romee and Romino be well derived from the
Arabic word which signifies Greece or the Greeks,
as no one has ever imagined that the gypsies have
either come from Greece, or are in any degree
allied to the inhabitants of that land.
It were, perhaps, a satisfactory solution of the
difficulty if it could be admitted that Romees is
the ancient Egyptian word which signifies men —
men or human beings as distinguished from the
deities. This name the Egyptians adopted, con-
sidering themselves as eminently the men of the
great and foremost nation of the world. That
Romees bore this meaning can be learned from
the works of Champollion le jeune and others,
who have written on these subjects. The classical
scholar will not forget the curious blunder into
which Herodotus fell about the meaning of this
very word. The historian had pointed out to him
in a spacious temple the statues of the high priests,
and he was told that each of the persons whom
they commemorated had been ' a pi-romis, the son
of a pi-romis," that is, a man the son of a man
(not of a god). Herodotus quite misapprehended
the information communicated to him, and instead
of taking pi-romis son of a pi-romis to be a man
the son of a man, he thought it meant /coAbs /cal
oya0by, " beautiful and good ! " (Vide Euterpe,
cap. 143.) It may be worth reminding the reader
that the pi of the pi-romis is the article attached
to the noun.
If the name Romees, which the gypsies apply
to themselves, means men, that is, the men of
Egypt, some additional light may be thrown on
the obscure question of the origin of the race.
Certainly, for the last four hundred years they
have declared themselves to be Egyptians (the
English name gypsies is a corruption of Egyptians),
and at this day were anyone to enter their tents
and dispute their right to call themselves the de-
scendants of the great nation of the olden world,
it is likely he would be kicked out without any
ceremony. " We are Romees," say the gypsies
everywhere, " and Egypt was our fatherland."
ROMINO RYE.
ILLUSTRATIONS OF MACATJLAT.
Passive Obedience, Sfc. — I enclose these two
sets of lines, which are written in a copy of the
History of Passive Obedience since the Reformation,
Amst., 1689, now in my possession. J. B.
An Epitaph
Upon Passive Obedience
for High Treason against our
Sovereign Lords y* People,
by virtue of a warrant fro
ye Bishops and most of the
Inferiour Clergy.
Here
Certain and sure beneath this stone,
In hopes of Resurrection,
Passive obedience lyes interred, ~|
By Church of England men averred, >
As long as for 't they were preferred. J
She was not long since in great favour
As any doctrine of our Saviour,
With Burnet, Tillotson, and Patrick.
Tho' some will tell you 'twas but a trick
To curry favour wth ye Town *,
And make preferments all their own.
Fforf when she brought the into danger
They all, wth one consent, cryd hang her.
And being thenj arraigned and tryd,
Condemn' d and sentenc'd, Thus she dy'd :
Beware ye Christian doctrines all,
And set before your eyes my § fall.
Beware, I say, how ye contest
With y4 Supreme Grate Interest ;
Ffor my || great crime upon my ^[ Trial
Was Antichristian Self-denial.
f Dom. Xti I
Ob. Ano 4 et }- 1688.
I, JEtat. suse J
On the Church of E.
Stay, ffreind, and see
A miracle of villany.
This sacred urn contains
A Matrons Reverend remains.
* Crown.
§ Her.
But.
Her.
J Wherefore she was.
f Her.;
144
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2148. NO 34., AUG. 23. '56.
Unnoted let ye Place appear,
Least impious Hands insult Her There.
Who by strong Paradox, 'tis said,
"Was dead when Living, and now Lives when dead.
But what's most impious and incredible,
By her Defender deserted,
By her fFathers persecuted,
By her Children murthered.
She, who had long withstood ye Gates of Hell,
A victim to ffanatick numbers fell.
Say, wouldst thou know
The scene of so much woe ?
Behold these Plains
Whose Monarch by Republick Counsels Reigns,
Whose Perjur'd Clergy quit ye Churches cause,
Whose Legislators violate ye Laws.
She fell ill Nov. 5, 1688.
Dyed Dec. 6. 1705. Wn Ch. out of Danger.
ETYMOLOGIES.
Marigold. — Shakspeare has (Cymb,, Act II.
Sc. 3.) :
" And winking Mary-buds begin
To ope their golden eyes."
From this we may conclude that the original
name was Mary-bud, or Mary-flower, synonymous
terms. But why was it so called ? Johnson, in a
careless sort of way, says these may have a refer-
ence to the Virgin Mary. I think, on the contrary,
that it was with Mary Magdalen that this flower
was connected. This Mary is always represented
as a mourner grieving for her sins, and in con-
stant attendance on our Lord, the Sun of righte-
ousness ; and the marigold, we see, was connected
with the sun, in whose absence it was closed. We
may further observe, that its name in French is
souci, in Portuguese saudade, terms expressive of
mourning and regret. I would recommend the
subject to those who are better qualified than I
am to pursue it. A curious article might be
written on the connection of the names of plants,
flowers, &c., with those of persons. I must, in
fine, add my protest to those of scholars in general
against the shameful manner in which the cha-
racter of this most respectable woman has been
taken away, in making her, without even the
shadow of a proof, and against all evidence, to
have been a woman of loose life. Unfortunate
women are called Magdalens ; we have Magdalen
asylums, and even the adjective Maudlin, to de-
note the lacrymosity of drunkards, and such like.
Bud. — I have hinted above that this word was
nearly synonymous with flower. It is evidently
so in the place there quoted, and in Loves Labour
Lost (Act V. Sc. 2.), along with daisies, violets,
and lady-smocks, we have " cuckoo-buds of yellow
hue ;" and in ISonnet 99. —
" And buds of marjoram had stolen thy hair."
But I believe the original sense of the word was
that which it still retains in rose-bud. In Shak-
speare I find it almost always used of flowers
alone, and I have not examined other writers.
The derivation I take to be bout (Fr.), "end,"
&c.f noting the termination of the stalk. It is
true I have met with no instance of the employ-
ment of bout in this sense, but it may have been
so employed in the middle ages. At all events,
the diminutive bouton has this sense, and it may
have been clipped, like some other words, by the
English.
Wormwood. — This is an instance of the prac-
tice, to which I have more than once adverted, of
giving foreign and other words a form which has
a meaning, though literally a wrong one. The
Anglo-Saxon term, still to be found in Wicklyff,
is wermod (from pepi&, weary, depressed, and
mob, mind), i. e. melancholy, answering to its
German name wermuth, which may be i. q. schwer-
mutli.
Titmouse. — It seems strange that a bird, and
if not a bat, should be called a mouse. The reason
I take to be as follows : — Among our ancestors,
mouse was a term of endearment. In the Knight
of the Burning Pestle, the favourite term for his
wife with the Citizen is mouse, and Hamlet says
to his mother (Act III. Sc. 4 ) :
" Let the bloat king tempt you again to bed ;
Pinch wanton on your cheek ; call you his mouse."
Now the Parus, or titmouse, is a little bird very
" familiar to man," and fond of keeping about his
dwelling, and so becoming a kind of favourite, he
was called mouse ; and, on account of his size, tit,
(which is only another form of little, tittle, in fact,
being little') ; and then (by the alliteration which
gave robin-redbreast, willy-wagtail, jack-daw),
torn-titmouse, and so, finally, tomtit. We have, by
the way, tit again in titlark and tit- warbler. I pre-
sume that tittlebat is merely a corruption of stickle-
back. We have also tit, a little horse, and then a
young girl ; and a "tit bit" is a nice small delicate
portion of food. THOS. KEIGHTLEY.
ST. MARGARET S AND ST. MARTIN S, WESTMINSTER.
The following document strikes me as curious,
not only on account of its purport, but also for
the circumstances which it incidentally mentions.
Henry VIII., it appears, had recently enclosed
some lands in the parish of St. Martin-in-the-
Fields, and made them into a royal park. A por-
tion of the parish of St. Margaret, Westminster,
at that time lay on the north side of the king's
palace, apparently stretching along the Strand to
St. Clement's church ; and this circumstance oc-
casioned considerable inconvenience to the Court,
as the bodies of those who died in the northern
2»d S. NO 34., AUG. 23. '56.]
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
145
part of the parish had to be conveyed past the
palace to be buried in St. Margaret's churchyard.
The fear of infection from dead bodies made it
desirable that this practice should be put an end
to; and the king, partly to remove the cause of
apprehension, and partly to compensate the parish
of St. Martin's for the loss of tithes it had sus-
tained by the enclosure, annexed to it all that
part of the parish of St. Margaret which lay be-
tween the palace and St. Clement's church.
Such are the facts made known to us by the
document which I transcribe.
Patent 33 Henry V1IL p. 6. m. (11.)
" Pro ecclesia paroehiali Sancti Martini in Campis,
de concessione.
" Rex omnibus ad quos, &c. Salutem. Seiatis
quod nos, in recompensationem decimarum et ali-
orum jurium ecclesiasticorum quae parochialis
ecclesia Sancti Martini in Campis prope Charing-
crosse, Westmonasterii diocesis, ex imparcatione
quorundam praediorum et aliorum locorum decim-
abilium in parochia illius ecclesiae consistentium,
et nunc pro sustentatione et conservatione dama-
rum et aliarum ferarum nostrarum ibidem impar-
catorum *, perpetuo amisit ; Atque ad evitandum
periculum infectionis quod Aularibus nostris ex
delatione corporum mortuorum per palatium nos-
trum regium ad ecclesiam Sanctae Margarets
Civitatis nostrae Westmonasterii sepeliendorum in-
venire possit ; Volumus, concedimus et ordinamus,
quod omnes illae aedes sive domus ac alia loca de-
cimabilia quae inter ecclesiam parochialem Sancti
Clementis extra Barras Novi Templi London' et
palatium nostrum regale Westmonasterii existunt
et usque, dum in et de parochia dictae ecclesiae
Sancta3 Margaretae consistebant, unacum incolis et
habitatoribus eorundem, abhinc sint et esse cen-
seantur de et in parochia Sancti Martini in
Campis; Ita quod bene licebit vicario perpetuo
ipsius ecclesiae Sancti Martini qui pro tempore
fuerit, incolas et habitatores antedi<!tos ad eccle-
siam Sancti Martini praedictam pro divinis au-
diendis ac sacramentis et sacramentalibus par-
ticipandis recipere et admittere, ac decimas et
oblationes et caetera jura ecclesiastica ab ipsis
Deo et ecclesiae eorum parochiaa offerri debita et
consueta percipere et habere, absque impedimento
nostro vel haeredum nostrorum aut aliorum quo-
rumcunque : Eo quod expressa mencio, etc. In
cujus rei, etc. Teste Rege apud Westmonaste-
rium, xxj die Marcij.
" Per breve de privato Sigillo et de data, &c."
JAMES GAIRDNER.
Imparcatarum " in orig.
Salisbury Court Theatre. — In a letter from
Sir George Gresley to Sir Thomas Puckering,
dated Essex House, Oct. 24, 1629, is the following
notice of the origin of this theatre :
" My Lord of Dorset is become a great husband ; for he
hath let his house in Salisbury Court unto the queen for
the Ambassador Leiger of France, which is daily ex-
pected to come over, to lie in, and giveth for it 3501. by
the year, and for the rest of his stables and outhouses
towards the water side, he hath let for 1000Z. fine and
100/. by the year rent, unto the master of the revels, to
make a playhouse for the children of the revels."
The late Mr. Thomas Rodd had in his possession
some interesting'MS. documents concerning this
old theatre, a list of which I subjoin.
1. "Indenture between John Herne of Lin-
coln's Inn, Esq., and the Earl of Dorset, relating
to the Play- House in Dorset Gardens, 1629,
signed by the Earl"
2. " Grant of permission to Andrew Rayne and
others, the qualities of Playing as well in their
present Theatre, Salisbury Court, as elsewhere,
1631."
3. " Richard Heton's Instructions for his Pa-
tent."
4. " Instructions touching Salisbury Court
Playhouse, 1639."
5. " Assignment of the Playhouse and Premises
in Salisbury Court, Lord Dorset and J. Herne to
W. Beeston, 1648."
6. " Mr. Birde's Counterpart concerning the
Playhouse in Salisbury Court, 1652."
EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
Identity of Morgan O'Doherty. — I have not
the early numbers of " N". & Q." to refer to, and
may therefore be repeating something already
stated on this point. In conversation with the
late Dr. Maginn, some seventeen years ago, I
happened to quote one of the " Maxims of Ensign
O'Doherty," published in Blackwood, I think as
early as 1825 ; and the Doctor claimed it and them
as his own. This, at least, proves Dr. Maginn's
adoption of the nom de plume in question. R. W.
Reading.
Superstition at Constantina. —
" Whilst great inundations have taken place in France,
Africa has been suffering from drought. At Constantina
the natives last week had recourse to what they consider
an infallible means of obtaining rain — the ceremony of
ducking, with religious forms, in the nearest river the
half-witted creatures called marabouts. Five or six of
these men were conveyed in procession to the Roumel,
and there plunged several times in succession into the
water, the persons composing the procession at the same
time singing and shouting. One of them, who was un-
willing to be ducked, was thrown into the river by force,
and when he came out he declared in a passion that no
rain should fall for a year. The next day, however, to the
great delight of the natives, clouds covered the aky, and,
146
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd s. NO 34., AUG. 23. '56.
after awhile, abundant rain fell. Of course they ascribed
this result to the ducking of the marabouts. — Galignani."
From T/ifJUorning Star, May 22, 1856.
K. P. D. E.
Print of Felton the Assassin. — The following
passage in Dr. Heylin's Extraneus Vapulans, or
the Observator Rescued, §*c., 8vo., 1656, p. 306., is
curious, as showing that a portrait of Felton, the
murderer of the Duke of Buckingham, must at
one period have been common :
" The man [Felton] might possibly be set on, and his
discontents made use of to this barbarous murder, by
some of those who wished well to the remonstrance ; and
it may be believed the rather, because the pictures of the
wretch being cut in brass, and exposed to sale, were caught
up greedily by that party; and being (because) the
copies of these letters were printed in the bottom of it, it
is more probable that our author might have them
thence."
EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
Dancing over a Husband's Grave prevented. —
The following entry, bearing date May 20, 1736,
occurs in the parish register of Lymington,
Hants : —
" Samuel Baldwyn, Esq., sojourner in this parish, was
immersed without the Needles, in Scratcher's Bay, sans
ceremonie. "
It is said that he ordered his remains to be thus
deposited, to prevent his wife from executing a
threat of dancing over his grave. I hope, for
Mrs. Baldwyn's sake, this was not the case.
R. W. HACKWOOD.
Raphael as a Phcenix. — It is evident to me,
notwithstanding the glosses of Newton and Pearce,
that Milton (Paradise Lost, book v.) intended
the angel Raphael to assume the appearance of a
phoenix. The description —
" . . . . to all the fowls he seems
A phoenix, gaz'd by all, as that sole bird," &c., —
does not appear to have been understood by any of
the commentators. It is evidently an allusion to
Tacitus (Annals, book vi. chap. 28.) : " Multo
ceterarum volucrum comitatu, novam faciem
mirantium." C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY.
Birmingham.
Farinelli. — It is related (I know not upon what
authority) that for several years Farinelli sang the
same two songs every night to the King of Spain,
and in Mr. Bunn's work concerning the stage is
a letter, in which the writer speaks of possessing,
what he supposes to be a rarity, a copy (MS.) of
one of these very songs, " Pallido il Sole." The
writer had no idea that it was printed. Both that
and the other, " Per questo dolce amplesso," are
to be found in Walsh's Le Delizie deW Opere,
vol. i. From Mr. Bunn's remarks upon the letter
which was addressed to him on the occasion of
his bringing out Mr. J. Barnett's opera of Fari*
nelli, we find that Mr. Barnett also was not aware
of the existence in print of the two airs in ques-
tion. We have the Curiosities of Literature, and
these airs might find a place in the " Curiosities of
Music." A. ROFFE.
Somers Town.
A Tailor reduced to Zero. — You are welcome
to the following if you think it worth embalming
in " N". & Q." I found it in Raihess Journal : it
appeared originally in the Chronique de Paris,
1835, and is founded on the sayings : — "a cat has
nine lives," — " nine tailors make a man : "
1 cat =9 living men,
1 man = 9 living tailors,
If •{ 9 cats = 9 X 9 or 81 men,
9 men = 9 X 9 or 81 tailors,
,9 cats = 81 x 81 or 6561 tailors.
According to this calculation, the value of a tailor
seems mathematically reduced to zero.
HENRY KENSINGTON.
Note from a Fly-leaf. — On the fly-leaf of an
old Prayer Book, I lately found the following
memorandum :
" Lines attached to the Door of St. Mary's Church on the
Day of Thanksgiving for Lord Duncan's Victory.
" Ye wicked people, are these your pranks,
To murther men and give God thanks ?
O pray leave off, and go no further,
For God requires no thanks for murther."
I am unable to fix the locality, but am of
opinion that the place indicated is Chester : the
owner of the book having resided there about that
period. HUGH OWEN.
ETON MONTEM.
If this should meet the eye of any gentleman
who walked in either of the Montem processions
of 1790 or 1793, and who remembers having
afterwards sat for his portrait in a picture of the
ceremony, he will very much oblige me if he will
be so kind as to communicate his name and address,
as I have recently become possessed of the very
curious picture, and am endeavouring to identify
the personages. There are about eighty portraits
of Etonians, and about twenty of spectators, gen-
tlemen and ladies. J. W. CROKER.
Alverbank, Gosport, Aug. 18, 1856.
KNOWLEDGE OF EUROPEAN HISTORY AMONG BAR-
BAROUS NATIONS.
Niebuhr, in his Lectures on Ancient History,
calculates that Herodotus composed his historical
work sixty years after the expedition of Xerxes,
34., AUG. 23. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
147
and seventy years after the battle of Marathon.
He proceeds to make the following remarks :
f before Herodotus no important historical work Avas
v a upon those events, pray consider what changes,
/.uring so long a period, may have taken place in a tra-
dition which was not fixed by writing, and how many
fabulous additions may have been made to it. It is well
known that the account of Napoleon's expedition ^ to
Egypt has already assumed, in the mouth of the Egyptian
Arabs, such a fabulous appearance that it might seem to
have required a century to develop it ; and instances of
the same kind occur frequently. At a time when an oc-
currence engrosses the mind of everybody, the account of
it undergoes incredible changes: events are transposed
from an earlier to a later time, and vice versa ; we can
scarcely form an idea of this vivacity and elasticity of
traditions, because in our days everything is immediately
put upon record." — Vol. i. p. 320. ed. Schmitz.
In another part of the same work, the following
observations occur during an examination of Livy's
belief that the name of Alexander the Great was
not known to the contemporary Romans :
"Maritime communications in antiquity were very
active and extensive, and the notions commonly enter-
tained on this subject are quite erroneous : after the ex-
pulsion of the kings, Roman ships sailed as far as Spain,
as we see from the treaty with Carthage. The Romans
therefore might very well know about Alexander. At
the present time reports of European occurrences reach
the interior of Africa, Persia, and China, with inconceiv-
able rapidity. Thus the French revolution was known
in the distant East at an early period, but in a peculiar
manner ; but the people in Persia and on the coast of
Arabia could not understand it. I have heard strange
things from those who had travelled in those countries ;
even in China it was very soon known. The present in-
surrection of the Greeks was known in the interior of
Africa ; in the year 1823, the attention of everybody in
Sacatoo and Borneo was occupied with it ; it was imagined
to be a general war between Christians and Mahometans.
As nations little more than half savages knew of these
things, why should not the highly civilised nations of an-
cient Italy have heard of Alexander's progress and con-
quests ? Whoever could tell of these things was no doubt
listened to by thousands. During the Seven Years' war,
my father met in Yemen the minister Fati Achmed, who
knew about the war, and by the many questions he asked
about the relations between England and France, he
showed that he took great interest in them. He had maps
of countries of which he could not read the names, but he
nevertheless formed some notions from them. In Japan,
there exists a complete European atlas in Japanese cha-
racters ; and from it the geography of Europe has been
learned for the last forty years, although the Japanese
exclude Europeans. — Ib. vol. ii. p. 418."
As the barbarous and semi-barbarous nations
of Asia and Africa have in general no newspapers,
or books relating to recent history ; as they have
not even a letter-post, and the art of writing is
confined to a small number of persons ; their
knowledge of contemporary occurrences must be
derived almost exclusively from oral information.
The oral reports which are thus passed on, with-
out verification by reference to any written source,
cannot fail to undergo extensive alterations in their
progress ; especially as the notions entertained re-
specting foreign countries by a people who possess
no maps or books of geography, must be in the
highest degree confused and imperfect. Such re-
ports are moreover likely to be modified by the
peculiar ideas current among the nations which
receives the account. Thus the Kaffirs in Southern
Afric% are said to have heard of the hostilities in
the Crimea ; but to have believed that the English
had been fighting against the spirits of their
countrymen who had been killed in the late
Kaffir wars. In the passages above cited, Niebuhr
alludes to the peculiar form in which the accounts
of the French Revolution penetrated into the
heart of Asia ; and to the modifications which
Napoleon's expedition to Egypt underwent in the
mouths of the Egyptian Arabs. Can any of your
correspondents throw light upon this subject, and
give examples, either from his own experience or
from books, of the ideas entertained by Oriental
and African "nations as to the recent events of
European history, such as those mentioned by
Niebuhr ? L.
ittituir
Prince Charles Edward's Stay in Manchester in
1745. — In the next Part of Byrom's Remains
(vol. ii. Part n.) will be given a very curious and
interesting detailed account of the prince's arrival
and stay in Manchester in 1745, which has never
before been printed. If any of your correspon-
dents are in possession of any unpublished letters,
or other MSS. or broadsides, illustrative of that
event, and would entrust them to the care of the
Editor, it would greatly oblige him, as it is his
wish to make the account as complete as possible.
R. PARKINSON.
St. Bees.
Egyptian Locks. — The ancient Egyptian wooden
locks, having moveable pins dropping into and
securing the bolts, are still commonly used in
Egypt. From some sculptures on the temple at
Karnac, M. Denon infers that the invention is
four thousand years old. Locks identical in con-
struction are used in the Faroe Islands ; and I
have one from Shanghai similar in principle, but
improved in its details. Can any of your readers
inform me whether the Egyptian lock is to be
found in use elsewhere ? J. CHUBB.
57. St. Paul's.
Zooks. — Derivation ?
A.A.D.
Death at Will. — We all die in good time, in
the natural course of events, and most of us ex-
pect to find that "good time" come quite soon
enough ; but it appears that there have been in-
dividuals who, to oblige their friends, have died
somehow, — and to please themselves have come to
143
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2»* S. NO 34, AUG. 23. '56.
life again — also somehow — many times before
finally " throwing offHhis mortal coil."
The following is a case of this kind, given in
the Night Side of Nature. And, as many of your
readers may be better acquainted with its facts
than myself, I shall be obliged if they can furnish
me with, or refer me to any additional particulars
respecting it, or if they will note any similar
cases which are known to have occurred.
Speaking of voluntary trance, Mrs. Crowe says :
" He [Colonel Townshend] could, to all appearance,
die whenever he pleased ; his heart ceased to beat, there
was no perceptible respiration, and his whole frame be-
came cold and rigid as death itself: the features being
shrunk and colourless, and the eyes glazed and ghastly.
He would continue in this state for several hours, and
then gradually revive; but the revival does not appear
to have been an effort of will, or rather we are not in-
formed whether it was so or not I find, from the
account of Dr. Cheyne, who attended him, that Colonel
To\vnshend's own Avay of describing the phenomenon to
which he was subject, was, that he could 'die or expire
when he pleased;' and yet, by an effort, or somehow, he
could come to life again. He performed the experiment
in the presence of three medical men ; one of whom kept
his hand on his heart, another held his wrist, and the
third placed a looking-glass before his lips: and they
found that all traces of respiration and pulsation gra-
dually ceased, insomuch that, after consulting about his
condition for some time, they were leaving the room
persuaded that he was really dead, when signs of life
appeared, and he slowly revived. He did not die whilst
repeating the experiment, as has been sometimes as-
serted."
What " account of Dr. Cheyne" is referred to ?
R. W. HACKWOOD.
11 De Rayo" — Who is the author of De Rayo,
or the Haunted Priory, a dramatic romance, pub-
lished at London in 1833 ? R. J.
Modern Judaism. — In what work shall I find
the fullest details of the present belief and cere-
monial practices of the Jews ?
Are Jews landholders in any nation ? if so, how
do they regulate themselves with regard to the
year of Jubilee ? Do they interpret the ordi-
nance of restoration to the owner, as applicable
solely to the Promised Land ?
Supposing that, by political arrangement, Pa-
lestine were restored to the Jews, would they
resume the sacrifices of the Temple ?
How far — as respects the creed, conduct, and
habits of the Jews themselves — has Christianity,
philosophy, or the general progress of knowledge,
operated ?
Is Palestine so valuable to the Moslem, that
there is no chance of inducing him to resign its
possession for "a consideration?" and could not
that consideration be easily furnished by the scat-
tered but wealthy remnant of Israel ? DELTA.
Gerard Malynes. — This old commercial writer
was, according to Chalmers, an authority in high
repute upon matters of trade in the reigns of
Elizabeth and James, and much consulted by
their governments. I am aware of slight allu-
sions to my subject in Censura Literaria, and in
Dr. Smith's Memoirs of Wool, as well as Oldys*
notice of one of his books ; but these being meagre
and unsatisfactory, perhaps through " N". & Q."
I may be helped to something more substantial
touching this " Belgicke Pismire," which, in allu-
sion to his foreign origin, his contemporary and
rival Misselden sneeringly styles him. J. O.
Ancient Drum at Durham Castle. — In the prin-
cipal room at Durham Castle, and right over the
door, is a large drum affixed to the wall. I am
informed that it is a trophy which was captured
at some celebrated battle. Will MR. DIXON, or
some other Durham correspondent, kindly afford
information on this subject through your valuable
journal ? EIN FRAGEE.
Daily Service. — What has been the history of
the daily prayers in our parish churches since the
Reformation ? Would it not seem from Canons
14. and 15. of the Synod of 1603, that daily
service was not then in general use ? By the first
the prescript form of divine service is enjoined to
be used on Sundays, holy days, and their eves ;
by the second the Litany is ordered to be used on
Wednesdays and Fridays weekly. The Litany, it
must be remembered, was not then so closely con-
nected as now to Morning Prayer ; the words to
be said or sung " after Morning Prayer" not being
inserted till 1662.
Yet the plain rule at the end of the Preface
Concerning the Service of the Church, " All
Priests and Deacons shall be bound to say Daily
the Morning and Evening Prayer. . . . And
the Curate that ministereth in every Parish Church
or Chapel . . . shall say the same in the
Parish Church or Chapel where he ministereth,
&c.," stood in its present place all the while, ever
since the Book of 1552. How are these apparent
contradictions to be reconciled ? Of course now
the Rubric is more binding than the Canon (in
every way), as in the parallel case respecting the
time of public catechising. A. A. D.
" There's a gude time coming." — Is this say-
ing, the burden of a popular song by Dr. Mackay,
an old expression in Scotland ? I find the fol-
lowing in Rob Roy : *
" ' It is long since we met, Mr. Campbell,' said the
Duke.
" ' It is so, my Lord Duke ; I could have wished it had
been ' (looking at the fastening on his arms) ' when I could
have better paid the compliments I owe to your Grace.
But there's a gude time coming' "
PRESTONIENSIS.
* Waverley Edition, vol. vi. p. 334., Ed. 1822.
2nd S. N° 34., AUG. 23. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
149
Old Painting of Siege of Namur. — I lately saw
at the house of a friend an old painting of the
capture of the castle and city of Namur in 1695.
King William on horseback is a prominent figure.
I have in my possession an engraving of the same,
taken from a painting "once King William's, and
now in the hands of the Bishop of Kildare, 1743."
I wish to know whether the above is the original
painting, or whether copies of it were taken.
CLERICUS. (D.)
Village of Ringsend. — What is the origin of
the name of Ringsend, a village in the immediate
neighbourhood of Dublin ? And has the same
name been given to any other locality ?
ABHBA.
Presentiments of Death. — Having been several
months in the Crimea during the severest period
of the bombardment, I can state that many cases
of presentiments were fulfilled ; as, also, that some
were falsified. There were also many deaths
without any accompanying presentiment having
been made known. A sergeant in the Light Di-
vision, who was in the second boat which reached
the shore before the Alma, and went through all
the severest work up to the final storming, fre-
quently, in his letters home, remarked, " Some-
thing tells me I shall escape ; " but, poor fellow,
he was hit severely in two places at the Redan.
In one of his letters he stated : " Many of our
men knew when they would fall, and prepared
accordingly by packing up letters and papers, and
leaving instructions as to sending and writing to
friends ; sure enough they did fall."
Query, Can any of the numerous Dreaders of
" N. & Q." add to the remarkable instances of
presentiments which have been fulfilled or falsi-
fied. Both sides should be given. R.
Family of Hogarth. — I am very anxious to
obtain a pedigree of the Border family of Hogarth.
About a century ago, this name was very common
on the Scotch side of the Border ; but it is now
comparatively scarce. Dr. Burn, in his History
of Westmoreland and Cumberland, mentioning
Hogarth the painter, says that the name originated
in Westmoreland.
This I am inclined to question, because the
tradition on the borders is, that the Hogarths were
always a Scotch family ; and I have met with the
name in Berwickshire, early in the seventeenth
century.
The Hogarths were a numerous and influential
race ; and as the Border genealogies have been so
well investigated, I am in hopes that some of
your readers will be able to afford me some in^
formation from the numerous learned works on
Border antiquities which have been published.
I am curious to know if the Hogarths are classed
by Monnipenny, in his Scots Chronicle^ amongst
the plundering Border clans. Burke, in his En-
cyclopedia of Heraldry, spells the name Howgart,
or Hogarth. An early example of the former
spelling will be very acceptable. I am also very
anxious to find out some record of the intermar-
riages of the Hogarths with the Pringles and
Riddles, the dates of which I have been unable to
discover. Any information on the above, how-
ever slight, will be most acceptable.
SIGMA THETA.
Langhorne Family. — A niece of mine, whose
great-grandfather was the &ev. Wm. Langhorne,
who assisted his brother, the Doctor, in the trans-
lation of Plutarch, wishes to learn some parti"
culars of this family. What relation to the
Langhornes was William Wordsworth f Was not
Mr. Robinson, ranger of Windsor Park or Forest,
a relation of the Langhornes, and did not his
daughter marry Lord Abergavenny ? Indeed, any
information will be gratifying to the lady who
asks for it through R. W. DIXON.
Seaton Carew, co. Durham.
Near-sightedness. — Can any of the readers of
" N. & Q." inform me of the reason, if there is
one, of the extreme rarity of near-sightedness
among the lower classes ? The higher the po-
sition in society, the more frequent are the cases
of near-sight ; and though many (for what reason
I never could determine) often affect the defect,
though they have it not, still genuine cases are
very common among the higher classes, and I do
not remember having met with a single case
among the lower ones. " BELLISARIUS.
McTurk and Williams (qy. of Flint}, Families of.
— Is there any published or accessible MS. ge-
nealogy of these families ? The inquiry has more
immediate reference to a lady of the name of
McTurk, living circa 1730—1800, it is supposed at
Chester (Pepper Street), and presumed to have
been connected with the family of Ashton Wil-
liams (qy. of Flint), and that of Walmsley of
Coldcoates and Eaves within Wiswall, co. Lan-
cashire, and of Bashall, co. York ; as also, pro-
bably, with that of Smith Kelsall, Esq., Cheshire.
INVESTIGATOR.
The Fifth Crusade. — Can any of your readers
inform me as to the date and circumstances of the
fifth Crusade ? M. E. J.
Climate of Hastings. — Can any of your readers
tell me where I can find any printed meteorolo-
gical tables or observations relating to Hastings or
the immediate neighbourhood, besides those con-
tained in the following works :
1. Harwood on The Curative Influence of the
Southern Coast of England, 1828.
2. Britton's Descriptive Sketches of Turibridge
Wells, 1832,
150
NOTES AND QUEEIES.
[2«* S. N° 34, Aua. 23. '56.
3. Clark on Th e Sanative Influence of Climate,
3rd ed., 1841 ; 4th ecL,,'1846.
4. Cresy's Report to the General Board of
Health, 1850.
5. Mack ness on Hastings considered as a Resort
for Invalids, 1st ed. 1842, 2nd ed. 1850. *
M. D.
Gillet, alias Candler or Chandler. — A fa-
mily of these names is described in Burke's Ar-
moury as of Ipswich, co. Suffolk. I believe that
one of them was head master of Woodbridge
Grammar School in the latter part of the seven-
teenth century; and another, the Rev. Philip
Candler, according to Blomefield's History of
Norfolk, was Rector of Blofield, Norfolk, in 1735.
Any information respecting them, or communica-
tion from their descendants, if any, would oblige
E. G. R.
Dover Castle. — I have lately heard a story
that the road up the hill to Dover Castle was
made in the space of two hours by four thousand
men. Can any of your readers confirm or refute
this statement ? M. D.
Pagan Philosopher: Author of Sir Simon League :
Edbiger. — The following passages are from An
Enquiry into the Influence of Art upon Religion,
Brussels, 1834, pp. 164. :
" A more elevated tone is perceptible in the last of the
pagan philosophers, who asks: ' Why should man, him-
self the maker of idols, trust to them who are lifeless, and
whose harmony is external only? Perishable things,
too, and of short duration. Is truth and reality in them ?
Nothing absolutely pure and true can spring from human
art." — P. 29.
" I went over the cathedral at Upsale with my gifted
friend the author of Sir Simon League, who fully shared
my opinion that though here, as at Utrecht, much had
been done to give to these vast edifices the air of Pro-
testant churches, the spirit of Rome pervaded the walls,
influencing the worship, and even the music. These re-
sults in Protestant Germany are fully shown by Eabiger."
— P. 102.
On this I beg to ask, who is the pagan philo-
sopher, and where is the original of the above
passage ? Who are " the author of Sir Simon
League " and Rabiger ? E. J.
Paris.
" Dyalogues of Creatures Moralyzed" — I shall
be much obliged if any one will tell me the author
in Latin, the translator into English, the publisher,
and the date, of the following work : the title-
page of which stands thus —
" The Dialoges of Creatures Moralysed. Applyably
and edlficatyfly to euery mery and iocounde mater, of late
translated out of Latyn into our Englysshe tonge, right
profitable to the gouernauuce of man. ^[And they be to
sell, vpo Powlys churche yarde."
The remainder of the title-page is filled up
with a rude woodcut of two monsters — a male
and a female — half man, half ox.
The volume is quite perfect and whole, but it
gives none of the usual information on any of the
points I have specified above. It is in very clear
type, similar to that used by Caxton in his later
works, and is profusely illustrated with a great
number of rude 'woodcuts.
I shall also be glad to be informed whether or
not it has ever been reprinted, wholly or in part ;
or much quoted from ?
I have looked through Dibdin, but if he men-
tions it, I have missed it. In the printed cata-
logue of the Bodleian, there is this entry —
" Creature — Dyalogus creaturarum optime morali-
gatus, omni materie morali jocondo modo applicabilis,
fol. Gouda, per Gerardum Leeu, 1482, title wanting" —
and "in English, 4to." In Watt's Bibliotheca,
there is —
" Creature — 1481, Dialogus Creaturarum Moralizatus ;
cum figuris, Paris, fol. A most uncommonly scarce
work."
The copy now before me has the title-page.
Gerard Leeu was a printer at Antwerp, circa
1490. Any information about this volume will
much oblige HENRY KENSINGTON.
[ The Dialogues of Creatures has been frequently pub-
lished in other languages. In the Latin and Dutch alone
there were not less than fifteen editions before 1511. It
was first published under the title of Dyalogus Creaturarum
Moralizatus, by Gerard Leeu, Gouda, fol., 1480. In 1511,
under the title of Destructorium Vitiorum ex similitudinum
Creaturarum exemplorum appropriations per modum Dia-
loqi, &c., by Claude Nourry, at Lyons, small fol. The
edition printed in English, without date, was probably
produced at a foreign press. Herbert, in a manuscript
note, says, " Although mention is made that this book is
to be sold in St. Paul's Church-yard, both in the title and
colophon, yet I am inclined to think it was printed in
France, by the type and blooming letters ; the former
being much like Thelman Kerver's, and of the latter
some are very uncommon." In 1816, a beautiful reprint,
edited by Joseph Haslewood, was published by Robert
Triphook in 4to., of which ninety-eight copies were
printed, all of which, excepting forty-two, were de-
stroyed by fire. This edition contains a valuable biblio-
graphical" account of the work. Mr. Haslewood states,
that " all particulars of the author and of the origin of
the work have hitherto escaped research : no ancient
manuscript of it is known, and it is doubtful if there is a
quotation from it in any old authority."]
Lord Chancellor Cowper and Mr. Justice Spencer
Cowper. — Sir Walter Scott, in a note to his edi-
tion of the Works of Swift, says :
" Lord Chancellor Cowper was branded with bigamy,
because he had written a work on the plurality of wives,
and had, adds Voltaire, actually two Ladies Cowper in his
domestic regime. His brother the judge had previously
been tried for the murder of a young woman, one Sarah
Stout, whom he had deluded by a feigned marriage while he
had a wife alive," &c.
Is there any authority for the assertion, that
2»d S, N« 34,, Aua 23. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
151
the Chancellor had two Ladies Cowper on his
establishment ; or for the other assertion, that
Spencer Cowper had deluded Sarah Stout by a
feigned marriage ? I find no mention of any such
charge against the judge in the accounts of his
trial which I have read. They merely state that
she was his mistress. S. S.
[This Query may, perhaps, receive some light from the
following passage in the English Traveller, vol. ii. p. 315 :
" Hertingfordbury, by some esteemed one of the plea-
santest villages in England. The seat of the Earl Cow-
per here, called Hertingfordbury Park, was the estate of
Mrs. Elizabeth Culling, who lies buried in the church-
yard. This lady, having two natural children by that
Lord, a son and a daughter, the former dying soon after
he came of age, the young lady, his sister, sold the estate,
in the year 1720, to her father's brother, the late Judge
[Spencer] Cowper, for fifty years' purchase at least, and
he again disposed of it to his' brother, the late great Lord
Cowper, Lord High Chancellor of England." It has been
said, that in the early part of his life a pretended mar-
riage, without the forms of law, took place between Mr.
Cowper, afterwards the Chancellor, and the lady here
mentioned, Mrs. Elizabeth Culling; and hence probably
originated the story of the Chancellor having two wives,
and the name given him by Swift in The Examiner of
" Will Bigamy." " But," as Lord Campbell remarks,
" there is no foundation whatever for the assertion that
he had married Miss Elizabeth Culling ; and, notwith-
standing the calumnies of Swift and Mrs. Manley, and
the statement with which Voltaire amused Europe, that
the Lord Chancellor of England practised and defended
polygamy, he had dropped all correspondence with this
lady before he was introduced to either of the two wives
•whom he successively led to the altar." — Lives of the
Lord Chancellors, vol. iv. p. 261.
The following passage from No. 23., folio edition, of
The Examiner thus notices the work on Plurality of
Wives attributed to the Chancellor : " This gentleman
[Will Bigamy] knowing that marriage fees were a con-
siderable perquisite to the clergy, found out a way of im-
proving them cent, by cent, for the good of the Church.
His invention was to marry a second wife while the first
was alive, convincing her of the lawfulness by such argu-
ments as he did not doubt would make others follow the
same example. These he had drawn up in writing, with
intention to publish for the general good ; and it is hoped
he may now have leisure to finish them."— The statement
that Spencer Cowper had deluded Sarah Stout by a
feigned marriage originated most probably from the
malevolent turn given to the affair of the trial by Mrs.
Manley in the New Atalantis, in her story of " Mosco and
Zara," in which she made very free with the characters
of many high and distinguished personages.]
Simon Senhouse. — When did Simon Senhouse,
prior of Carlisle, die ? J. P. SENHOUSE.
[In Burn's Cumberland we read that Simon Senhouse,
of the House of Seascales in Cumberland, was chosen
prior of Carlisle in 1507 ; and it is added, in the last edi-
tion of Dugdale's Monasticon, that he was alive in 1519.]
Cornelius Kilianus Dufflceus. — Where can an
account of this lexicographer be found ? and why
is he always quoted as " Kilian ? " though my copy
of his work is lettered on the back, " Dufflaei
Diet. Teut.-Latinum." And both in the " Epistle
to the Reader," and in the commendatory verses
by him, prefixed to Verstegan's Restitution of De-
cayed Intelligence, $-c., he uses the three names as
above. The Penny Cyclopedia says that he cor-
rected the press for Christopher Plantin. I sup-
pose his " Teut." is the dialect of Brabant.
E. G. R.
[Cornelius Kilian was a native of Duffel, in Brabant ;
hence the affix to his name. Besides his Etyrnologicon
Linguae Teutonic^ he published some Latin Poems, and
An Apology for Correctors of the Press against Authors ;
and translated into Flemish the Memoirs of Philip de Co~
mines. He died in 1607.]
Synodals. — " Verses, vain repetitions, com-
memorations, and synodals" (Preface to the
Prayer-Book, Concerning the Service of the
Church.) What are synodals f A. A. D.
[These were the publication or recital of the provincial
constitutions in the parish churches. For after the con-
clusion of every provincial synod, the canons thereof were
to be read in the churches, and the tenor of them to be
declared and made known to the people; and some of
them to be annually repeated on certain Sundays in the
year. — Dr. Nichols on Preface concerning the Service of the
Church.]
Horace on Architecture. — Where is it that, ac-
cording to Byron,
" Horace has expressed
Shortly and sweetly the masonic folly
Of those, forgetting the great place of rest,
Who give themselves to architecture wholly."
Don Juan.
Perhaps some classic contributor will kindly
point me the Latin poet's line. PALLADIO.
[The following lines of the Roman Lyric bard, descrip-
tive of the folly of those who build mansions, " forgetting
the great place of rest," are unquestionably the passage to
which Byron alludes : a
" Tu secanda marmora
Locas, sed ipsum fun us, et sepulchri
Immemor, struis domos."
Hor. Od., lib. n. xviii. v. 17-19.
"You are buying marble for building, when on the
verge of the grave, and, unmindful of the tomb, you
begin to build houses."]
PARISH REGISTERS.
(2nd S. ii. 66.)
Your correspondent W., of Bombay, has done
well in drawing attention to the subject of parish
registers. The best course to pursue would be,
as he suggests, to have them all printed ; but the
expense would be so very great, that I despair of
ever seeing the project put in execution. If
manuscript copies were taken, and deposited in
the General Register Office, a great point would
be gained ; but really some immediate provision
should be made for the safe custody of the origi-
nals. No doubt much better care is taken to
152
NOTES AND QUERIES.
S. NO 34, AUG. 23. '56.
preserve them now than fifty years ago ; but they
are yet very much exposed to decay, wanton
mutilation, and loss. I could point out more than
one parish in this county where they have, of
late years, suffered much from damp ; and jnany
where the clerk has the key of the box in which
they are kept, and will show them to any well-
dressed stranger who will give him a shilling. A
pamphlet by William Downing Bruce, Esq., F.S.A.,
on the condition of parish registers *, contains an
accumulation of facts bearing on this point, suffi-
cient to convince any one that they are now fre-
quently not in safe custody. For instance, the
writer states, that in 1845 he made copious ex-
tracts from the register of Andover, in Hampshire,
" but, that on visiting that place for the purpose
of a supplementary search, I found that these
books were no longer in existence; and those
which remained were kept in the rectory-house,
in a damp place under the staircase, and in a
shameful state of dilapidation." A few lines
farther on, we read of a register book discovered
" in a tattered state behind some old drawers in
the curate's back-kitchen." Of another rescued
by an antiquary from " among a quantity of waste
paper in a cheesemonger's shop." And of a parish
clerk who used all the registers of South Otter-
ington, preceding the eighteenth century, con-
taining entries of the families., of Talbot, Herbert,
and Falconberg, for waste paper : a considerable
portion going " to singe a goose."
If some means were taken for binding and re-
storing those that are torn and decayed, many
would be preserved. I have more than once sug-
gested, when examining a torn, coverless document
of this kind, that it should be well bound, and other-
wise carefully mended ; but have almost always
been met by the objection, that it ought not to go
out of the possession of the minister of the parish.
In one case where that difficulty had been re-
moved, the churchwardens refused to pay the
necessary expense.
It is, I suppose, generally known that transcripts
of parish registers exist, or ought to exist, in the
various 'episcopal registries. I have never had
occasion to consult any excepting such as relate
to this county. Those preserved at Lincoln, I
found very badly kept. When I made a search
there in 1854, some of the early ones were ar-
ranged in years : the later ones, written on the
printed forms, were thrown about in bundles on
the floor. No return whatever could then be
found for the parish of Kirton-in-Lindsey, al-
though I have certain proofs that returns had
been made. I asked the clerk, who was assisting
me, what was contained in a large deal chest or
* A Letter to R. Monckion Milnes, Esq., M.P., on the
Condition and Unsafe State of Ancient Parochial Registers
in England and the Colonies, 1850. London : Ridgway.
packing-box, then standing in the room we were
in. He did not know, he assured me. However,
I had had some experience of the place before,
and thought it might very possibly contain the
transcripts I wanted; so I looked within, and
found it nearly full of copies of parish registers
(many of them very old) in such a state of dis-
order, dirt, and decay, as I am loath to describe.
On my remarking to the clerk that, of course, now
that these things were discovered, the registrar
would take care to have them cleaned and ar-
ranged, he said : " No, it is not likely he will
spend any money on them now, as the court will
soon be abolished. I am sure he will not meddle
with them."
These copies are, I believe, legal evidence, and
are the more valuable, as they will almost always
supply the vacancies caused by the loss or injury
of the originals in the parish churches. It is to
be hoped that when the wills, and aU other testa-
mentary documents, are removed to the proposed
new offices (see the Solicitor General's Wills and
Administration Bill), these records will not be
permitted to remain in their present custody, but
be deposited with the Registrar General ; in whose
hands they will be well cared for, and easily
accessible. EDWARD PEACOCK.
Manor Farm, Bottesford, Brigg.
GREAT EVENTS FROM SMALL CAUSES.
(2nd S. ii. 43.)
Your correspondent F. S. says truly that co-
pious instances might be cited in illustration of
the truth that " great events from little causes
spring." One pregnant with mightier results
could not perhaps be quoted than that which I am
about to mention, and which is doubtless familiar
to most of your readers.
When many Puritans emigrated or were about
to emigrate to America in 1637, Cromwell, either
despairing of his fortunes at home, or indignant at
the rule of government which prevailed, resolved
to quit his native country, in search of those civil
and religious privileges of which he could freely
partake in the New World.
Eight ships were lying in the Thames, ready to
sail ; in one of them, says Hume (quoting Mather
and other authorities), were embarked Hazelrig,
Hampden, Pym, and Cromwell. A proclamation,
was issued, and the vessels were detained by Order
in Council. The king had indeed cause to rue
this exercise of his authority. In the same year
Hampden's memorable trial — the great case of
Ship Money — occurred. What events rapidly
followed !
In the last Number of the Quarterly Review
(197), upon Guizot's works on the civil war, the con-
2nd S. N° 34, AUG. 23. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
153
duct of the king and the government is adverted to.
The harsh proceedings of the Court were defended
on the ground that the Puritans " took liberty to
nourish their factious and schismatical humours in
those remote wilds : " but oppressed as they were
at home by the civil and ecclesiastical authorities,
it does not appear that they profited in the school
of adversity ; as the reviewer tells us that they
(' set up a tyranny of their own in America, infi-
nitely more cruel and intrusive than the system
from which they indignantly fled." (P. 121.)
J. H. M.
THE HOUSE OF BRUNSWICK AND THE CASTING
VOTE.
(2nd S. ii. 44. 97.)
Since I replied to the Query of F. S. on this
subject, I have had my attention called to De-
brett's Baronetage for 1824; in which a some-
what different version of the transaction is given.
As the matter is curious, and will be widely cir-
culated if admitted into the pages of "N. & Q.,"
perhaps you may not consider it too lengthy for
insertion. Debrett says :
" On the memorable day that the Hanoverian* succes-
sion bill passed the house of commons, in the beginning
of Queen Anne's reign, Sir Arthur Owen, Bart., member
for Pembrokeshire, and Griffith Rice, Esq., member for
Carmarthenshire, prevented the friends of the present
royal family from being left in a minority. If it had not
been for these two gentlemen, there is little doubt but
the Tory party in parliament, by the influence of the then
Tory ministry, would have soon carried it for the Pre-
tender to succeed his sister Queen Anne !
" The particulars, known now but to few, as related by
the posterity of these families, are :
" Sir Arthur Owen and Mr. Rice on that day met ac-
cidentally in the lobby, when the Tory administration
were stealing the question through the house at an early
hour; when a majority of their friends attended by de-
sign, and when many of the Whigs were absent, not think-
ing it would come on until the usual hour.
" When the house was about to divide, one of the Whig
members, seeing a seeming majority in favour of the
house of Stuart, exclaimed that the whole was an infa-
mous proceeding. He immediately ran out of the house,
almost frantic, in search of some of his partizans, to give
a turn to the question in favour of the Elector of Hanover.
" Perceiving Sir Arthur and Mr. Rice, as he came out,
walking earnestly about the lobby, he addressed them
thus with much vehemence, — ' What do you mean, gen-
tlemen! staying here when the Hanoverian succession
bill is going to be thrown out of the house? ' 'When I
heard that,' Sir Arthur used often to relate, « I made but
one step into the house, and my voice made the number
equal for the bill, 117, and the 'Tories had no more. Mr.
Rice, with great gravity, coming after me, had the honour
of giving the casting vote in favour of the Hanoverian
succession ! Had it not (added Sir Arthur) been for the
warmth of my zeal, being then a young man, this honour
would have been mine ; for as Mr. Rice was my senior, I
might have followed him into the house.' "
This account, which is most probably the cor-
rect version, takes the casting vote from Sir
Arthur Owen, and gives it to Mr. Rice ; but is in
no way inconsistent with the tradition of my lady
informant respecting Sir Arthur's rapid journey
to London, which may have been taken with the
intention of being present at the important debate.
Thus he actually made the balance even, and his
friend turned the scale. JOHN PAVIN PHILLIPS.
Haverfordwest.
WHITSUNDAY.
(2nd S. ii. 77.)
Your valuable correspondent F. C. H., after
clearly showing that our English word for Pente-
cost cannot be derived from the German Pfingsten^
says :
" The received origin of the name Whitsunday is from
the appearance of the neophytes on that Sunday and
during the octave, in the church, in the ivhite garments
which they had received at their solemn baptism on the
preceding Saturday, called Whitsun Eve."
Unless I be much mistaken F. C. H. is far astray
from the mark. 1. To my thinking, we ought
not to write "Whitsunday" but Witsonday. That
this was the old spelling is certain ; Wyeliffe so
wrote the word in his translation of the New Tes-
tament, 1 Cor. xvi., and such is the spelling of it
in the Paston Letters, let. xv. 2. The English
word Witsonday, miscalled Whitsunday, drew its
origin from nothing whatever connected with the
term white, but from wit — mind, understanding.
That in the early ages of the Church all jieo-
phytes, who were then as often grown-up jMple
as children, used to wear, for the whole week fol-
lowing, the white garment in which they were
robed as emblematic of spotless regeneration, im-
mediately they had been baptized, is undeniable ;
and as public baptism was always given with much
solemnity in those ages, on the eve of Easter
and Pentecost Sundays, this white garment was
thrown off on the Saturday following. Easter
eve, however, was the time more especially chosen
for the public administration of this sacrament ;
and hence it is that even now, though the usage
of wearing the white baptismal garment for the
week has not been followed for many ages, the
Sunday next after Easter is yet called Dominica
in Albis, the word " depositis " being understood :
in the Ambrosial Missal it is named " Dominica
in albis depositis." In some churches, the whole
of Easter week was called u in albis," because the
newly-baptized went, wearing their white gar-
ment, to church, and partook of the holy commu-
nion ; and Low Sunday is termed " Dominica
post albas," because the white garment had been
laid aside the eve before (Ordo Ojficiorum Ecc.
Senensis, p. 191 ; and Lib. Sacramentorum, S.
Gregorii, ed. Menardo, p. 149.). Though this
ceremony of the white garment at the Easter bap-
154
NOTES AND QUERIES,
[21* S. N« 34., AUG. 23. '56.
tism is so well marked in all the oldest rituals, and
even yet is remembered in the rubrics of the
Roman Missal, no such particular mention is made
of it for the baptism at Pentecost, nor do the
rubrics for that season preserve a record of it.
3. Our Anglo-Saxon forefathers had no word
like Witsonday or Witsontide ; but called the
Sunday and its octave by the term Pentecostes ;
Mid it is likely that among them, as among the
other nations of the Church, the ceremony of
wearing a white robe for a week after baptism had
grown obsolete many years before the coming of
the Normans. Witsontide is an English word, and
did not, as it seems, get into use earlier than the
twelfth or thirteenth century. This, however, is
certain, that its introduction was 'long after the
custom had ceased of neophytes wearing a white
robe for eight days after their baptism. The
meaning of the term among our forefathers who
originated it, we learn from the Liber Festivalis,
where John Mirk, canon regular of Lilleshull, its
writer, says :
" Good men and wimmen this day (Dies Penthecostes)
is called Wytsonday by cause the hoty ghoost brought
•\vytte and wysdom in "to Crestis dyscyples and so by her
pfechyng after in to all cristendom — (Et repleti sunt
omnes spiritu sancto) and fylled hem full of ghostly
tvytte." — Fol. xlvi. b.
Thus we find that the root of the word is not
" white," nor had anything to do with white gar-
ments, but "wit" — mind, understanding, and
Pentecost was so called to signify the enlighten-
ment by the Holy Ghost of the soul — the under-
stating — the " wit " of man. D. ROCK.
MR. DENTON'S suggestion that the corresponding
names of Whitsunday in foreign languages should
be given in " N. & Q.," I gladly comply with, as
I think the comparison will tend to show that the
origin, to which I alluded, is correct.
French. — Le jour de la Pentecote.
Italian, — II giorno della Pentecoste.
Saxon. — Pentecostenes masssedosg.
German. — Pfingstonn tag.
Dutch. — Der Pingster dag.
Spanish. — Dia de Pentecostes.
In each of these cases the compound is of Pente-
cost and day. The English adjective is Whitson,
as in the terms —
' morrice-dance.
farthings.
tide.
lord.
week.
ale, &c.
The feast, certainly, is not White-Sunday, what-
ever meaning White might be supposed to bear ;
but specially the Whitson-day, as Easter-day,
Whitson-
Christmas-day, or Ascension-day. The White-
Sunday would be the Dominica in Albis, not
Pentecost, which is the word used in the list of
holy days more than once in the Book of Common
Prayer, for this feast, as it was till about the
twelfth century. MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A.
Whitsunday : .Pilate. — In a Note on the deriva-
tion of "Whitsunday" (2nd S. ii. 99.), MR. DENTON
gives a quotation by Hearne from a " very rare
book printed by Wynkyn de Worde." Now this
" very rare book " is none other than the Liber
Festivalis, which was printed by Wynkyn de
Worde, and also two editions by Caxton. Hav-
ing access to a copy of it, I turned to it to collate
Hearne's quotation, which is quite correct, and in
so doing, I stumbled on the following derivation
of another word, which I now forward fo you, as
I think it will tend to show MR. DENTON that the
derivations in this work are not worth much, as
they are evidently founded on a mere similarity of
sound. One of Caxton's editions was in 1483 ;
that by Wynkyn de Worde in 1493 :
"This Pylate was a knyghtes sone that was called
Tyrus, that he gate hym on a woma that hyght Pyle,
and this womans fader hyght Ate. So whan this chylde
was borne they sette his moders name and the grande
fader after, and so by bothe names called hym Pylate."
HENRY KENSINGTON.
QUEEN ANNE'S FOSTER FATHER, WAS HE IRISH?
(2nd S. ii. 86.)
In reference to the Query in your last, signed
C. M. B., I had my attention directed to this sub-
ject by a letter, probably from the Querist, to a
friend, some time since, but could find nothing
particularly satisfactory. The individual inci-
dentally mentioned in the Blennerhassett pedigree
is set down as son of " David Barry of Rahamska,
and Elinor, 4th daughter of Sir Thomas Hurly of
Knocklong." A brief note mentions him as " the
late Queen Anne's foster father," and that is all.
Looking over Miss Strickland's gossiping Me-
moirs of the Queens of England lately, I find
some particulars which may serve as a clue to
further inquiries on this subject. That lady, in
her life of Queen Mary II., uses largely, and gives
frequent references to, the Diary of Dr. Lake,
the tutor to the Duke of York's daughters. And
under the date of November 1677, at the mar-
riage of William of Orange and the Princess
Mary, we find the diarist noting that her sister
Anne was ill of the small-pox, and his own trouble
at not being allowed to go to her chamber to
read prayers to her :
" This troubled me," he says, " the more, because the
nurse of the Lady Anne was a very busy zealous Roman
S. NO 34., AUG. 23. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
155
Catholic, and would probably discompose Her Highness
if she had an opportunity."
So far the probability of her foster parents being
Irish is confirmed. Further on in the Diary, we
find the following, under date of Nov. 1 1 :
" I read prayers to Her Highness Lady Anne ; she was
somewhat giddy, and very much disordered. She re-
quested me not to leave her, and recommended to me the
care of her foster-sister's instruction in the Protestant re-
ligion. At night I christened her nurse's child Mary."
" This," as Miss Strickland observes, " was the
daughter of the Roman Catholic nurse. How she
came to permit the Church of England chaplain
to christen her baby is not explained."
So far for Lake's Diary, which must be yet in
existence, if not in print.* Miss Strickland ac-
knowledges her obligations to Messrs. Elliot and
Merrivale for facilitating her access to its con-
tents. Probably farther examination might give
the name of the nurse in question.
But there is a farther notice in the same life,
which rather perplexes the question. At the
Revolution, when, on Nov. 26, 1688, the Princess
Anne fled from Whitehall at night, to join the
Prince of Orange, among the proofs of the real or
pretended consternation of her household when
she was missed next morning, it is mentioned
that " old Mrs. Buss, the nurse of the princess,
immediately cried out that the princess had been
murdered by the queen's priests," and rushed into
the queen's presence, rudely demanding her of
her majesty. Miss Strickland, recollecting Dr.
Lake's notes about her nurse's zealous papistry,
seems sensible how oddly this would sound in her
mouth, and suggests that she had " perhaps been
converted." The name Buss, too, suggests a diffi-
culty ; but it is so written in King James's
Memoirs, although another MS. has it written
Butt. Either is far enough in spelling or sound
from "Barry;" and yet in the loose and inaccu-
rate spelling of the time, or in the giving familiar
or pet names, which Queen Anne was we know
in the habit of using for favourites (vid. Mrs.
Morley and Freeman), there is no impossibility in
Mrs. Buss having been Mrs. Barry. And know-
ing as I do thoroughly the genealogical record to
which C. M. B. refers, I can vouch for its general
accuracy in anything it asserts. A. B. R.
Belmont.
tfl
"Nolo episcopari" (1st S. iv. 346.)— A corre-
spondent inquires why this phrase is applied to a
feigned reluctance in accepting an offer ; and you,
in an editorial answer, quote Christian's note on
Blackstone's Commentaries, stating that it is a
[* The Diary of Dr. Edward Lake, edited by George
Percy Elliott, Esq., is published in the Camden Miscellany,
vol. i. 1847.]
vulgar error that every bishop, before he accepts
his bishoprick, uses the expression ; that the
writer has not been able to discover its origin;
and that certainly bishops give no such refusal at
present, nor, he thinks, ever did in this country.
In the trial of Colonel Fiennes for surrender-
ing the city of Bristol, Prynne, the prosecutor,
speaking of a man's modest excuse of his own in-
sufficiency for a place which he perchance desires,
assimilates it to —
" our bishops' usual answer, nolo, nolo, to vis episcopari ?
NOW used as a formality, for fashion sake only, even
when they come to be consecrated ; when in truth they
make all the friends and means they can to compass that
bishoprick, which (for fashion sake, out of a dissembling
modesty), they pretend, and twice together answer
solemnly (when demanded openly before the congregation)
that they desire by no means to accept of." — State Trials,
iv. 212.
Surely Prynne, who is an earlier, perhaps a
better, authority than Professor Christian, would
not have made this allusion unless it were founded
in fact. The question therefore is, whether this
form of denial, if not adopted now, was or was
not in use in the Reformed Church before the
Great Rebellion, in the consecration of bishops ?
The reply in your same volume, p. 456., does
not touch this question. EDWARD Foss.
The Irish Round Towers (2nd S. ii. 79.) —Al-
though your correspondent C. states he has not
the slightest doubt that the round towers of Ire-
land were belfries, (an opinion in which he could
not know that I might not coincide,) I should not
have noticed his remarks had they been accom-
panied with the usual courtesy which generally
pervades the language of your correspondents, in-
stead of the following curt rebuke, " that it would
be a sad waste of your space to reproduce the
absurd theories with which this question has been
perplexed." When the origin and use of these
very ancient'structures have engaged the attention
of such eminent antiquaries as Tanner, Vallancey,
Petrie, and others, this ipse dixit of an anonymous
writer partakes rather too strongly of the authori-
tative dictum of an imperial dictator. It was not
the office of your correspondent to decide whether
the opinions of the above writers might or might
not be acceptable to your readers. You were the
proper judge. J. M. G.
Worcester.
Varnishing Old Boohs (2nd S. ii. 69.) — Re-
garding the varnishing of old volumes, I think
that little can be effected by such compositions to
preserve leathers : in some cases varnish applied
to new bindings may tend somewhat to repel the
action of the atmosphere and deleterious gases,
but is also likely to harden the leather at the
joints, the parts where the greatest action takes
place in opening a book.
156
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
[2nd s. NO 34., AUG. 23. '56.
There is no doubt that old bindings, if in sound
condition, may be furbished up (as bookbinders
say) by the applicatidh of shell varnish ; though
the thing most wanting to render the leather
supple is an oil or fatty matter to replace the
unction dried out of the skin by the action of
time. A composition to render old hides soft and
pliable, without staining or injuring, would be a
desideratum.
Much harm is done to leather from the want of
ventilation ; books require use and air, as may be
seen by the condition of the bindings in many
large libraries where there are no readers, or
where there are readers and but little air. The
library of the Athenaeum was affected so seriously
some years since from this latter cause (gas and
heat), that the backs of calf bindings fell away,
and the leather crumbled upon touching.
The library ought to have the same attention as
the green-house ; light, air, and equal moisture,
ought to be imparted to the leaves in either case.
Light without injury to colour, moisture without
mildew, and air without soot, are as necessary to
the librarian's as to the gardener's charge.
LUKE LIMNER, F.S.A.
Eegent's Park.
Francis's Horace (lst|S. xii. 218. 311.) —Allow
me to add to my reply on this subject in your
Number for Oct. 20, 1855. I then stated my
belief that the edition of Francis's Horace printed
by Woodfall in 1746, was the first edition; and
I still think it may have been the first edition of
the entire Translation. But a portion had been
published in Dublin as early as 1742, for I have
now before me two handsome 8vo. volumes thus
entitled :
" The Odes, Epodes and Carmen Seculare of Horace, in
Latin and JEngli.sk, with Critical Notes collected from the
best Latin and French Commentators.
Musa deditfidibus divos, puerosque Deorum,
Et pugilem victorem, et equum certamine primum,
Etjuvenum cur as, et liber a vina reforre.
Arte Poetica.
By the Rev. Mr. Philip Francis. Dublin: Printed by
S. Powell, and Sold by T. Moore, at Erasmus' Head, in
Dame Street. M.DCCXLII."
After the title-page of the first volume follows
" The Names of the Subscribers." A goodly list,
occupying six pages in double columns, including
the names of many most eminent persons, and
headed by those of —
" His Excellency Robert Jocelyn, Esq., Lord High
Chancellor of Ireland."
" His Excellency Henry Boyle, Esq., Speaker of the
Honourable House of Commons."
Both of whom subscribed for copies on " Royal
Paper."
I hope this information will be useful to your
Querist. M. N. S.
Hospital Out-Patients (2nd S. ii. 69.) — The
days of attendance for out-patients at the Bolton
Dispensary are Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday.
The greater the number of days the more con-
venient it must be for the poor, whose time is not
always their own. It is not expected that the
patient shall attend except when ordered to do so
by the surgeon. The population of Bolton at the
last census was upwards of sixty thousand.
G. (1.)
John Ker Strother (2nd S. i. 211.) — That
there was such a person as John Strother Ker,
Esq., is most certain, and here are a few notes of
his descent, copied for the information of HERAL-
DICUS from my History of North Durham, p. 318.:
" William Strother of Kirknewton, in Northumberland,
was father of Lancelot, father of John, father of William,
of Grindon Ridge, in the parish of Norham in North
Durham, father of another William who left an only
daughter married to Walter Ker, Esq. John Strother
Ker, Esq., their son, baptized at Norham, 28th Sep., 1704,
married the Hon. Jean Lady Ramsey. — (.From Law
Papers.} The Register of Norham contains the following
entries: Baptized 25 May, 1679, William, son of Mr.
William Strother (then a captain in the army), of Grin-
don Ridge. Jan. 16, 1681-2, Margaret, his dau., bap.
June 25, 1690, Jane, a dau., bap. Aug. 20, 1770, buried,
George Strother of Wheeler Street, London."
JAMES RAINE.
Lord George Gordon" s Riots (2nd S. i. 287. 518.)
— In reference to the subject of Lord George
Gordon's riots, W. W. states that " he can find no
mention made of any females being left for exe-
cution ; " but upon referring to the Westminster
Magazine for July, 1780, I find a list of the
rioters, among whom are several females : two,
Mary Roberts and Charlotte Gardner, were ac-
tually executed on Tower Hill, July 11, 1780.
FREDERICK DANBY PAJLMER.
Great Yarmouth.
George Manners (2nd S. i. 314.) — In answer
to your correspondent X. (1.) I will state that
George Manners died in Coburg, Canada West,
February 18, 1853, aged seventy-five years. He
was British Consul in Massachusetts, resident in
Boston, from 1819 to 1839. He was the author
of several dramas of merit, and other poetical
works. J. P.
Boston, U. S. A.
"Hayne" or « Haining" (2nd S. ii. 49.78.), a
place reserved; not cultivated or pastured. A
word in common use in the North of England and
South of Scotland. In sheep-farms, hained ground
means, that which is reserved for a particular
purpose, — such as to pasture the lambs upon
after they are weaned, or for the purpose of
making hay from. It also, in some of the old
Scotch acts of parliament, is used for land en-
closed by a hedge or other fence. Its derivation
2«d s. NO 34., AUG. 23. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
157
is probably from the Saxon heg-en, to keep ;
German, hain, septum. The French word haie, a
hedge, seems probably to have the same origin :
as also the English word hay, fodder, being the
produce of hained pasture. See Jamieson's Dic-
tionary and Supplement.
Near the town of Selkirk is a considerable
estate with a large and ancient mansion, which
has, time out of mind, been called " The Haining."
J. Ss.
In Gloucestershire and Somersetshire the pas-
ture fields when kept unstocked with cattle for
mowing, or for future feed, are said to be
" hayned." GEO. E. FRERE.
Hoyden Hall, Diss.
Halliwell (Prov. Diet.} explains this as " an in-
closure, a park," probably one enclosed by hays
or hedges. The word hay in this sense is still in
use in Norfolk, though growing obsolete.
E. G. R.
Human Leather (2nd S. ii. 68.) —A portion of
the skin of a murderer named Charles Smith, who
was executed at Newcastle-on-Tyne, Dec. 3, 1817,
underwent the process of tanning, and a piece of
it was sold so recently as May, 1855. This oc-
curred at the sale of a part of the library of a well-
known local collector. The catalogue of the sale
is before me, and the lot is thus described :
"Lot 10. A most curious and unique Book, being the
particulars of the Trial and Execution of Charles Smith,
who was hanged at Newcastle for Murder, containing a
piece of his skin tanned into leather for the purpose."
ROBERT S. SALMON.
Newcastle-on-Tyne.
The tanned skin of a man's arm was exhibited
in Preston by a gentleman named Howitt, in a
temporary museum got up for a charitable pur-
pose in the year 1840. It was the colour of a
new saddle, and much resembled the "basil" so
much used in leather work. P. P.
MR. HACKWOOD may find much, if not all, that
he wants on this subject, in an interesting paper
by Mr. Way, in the Archaeological Journal, torn. v.
p. 185. D. ROCK.
At the public library at Bury St. Edmunds is
exhibited a book bound in a tanned piece of the
skin of Corder the murderer. E. G. R.
" The Tune the old Cow died o/" (2nd S. i. 375.
500. ; ii. 39.) — Your correspondents are quite on
a wrong scent on this head. One quotes the old
nursery rhyme, " Willie Wily had a Cow," which
is sung to any tune a nurse pleases ; and another
brings forward the Scotch words, " There was a
Piper had a Cow," &c., which go to the popular air
known as " The Corn Rigs are bonny." The cow
died of no air in particular, — still less a popular
one : " the tune the old cow died of" being merely
a proverbial or slang way of expressing "the music
is insufferably bad." P. P.
Guano (2nd S. i. 374.) — The late Col. Thomas
Sutcliffe of Burnley, author of Sixteen Years in
Chili and Peru (published by Fisher, 1841), be-
lieved himself to have introduced guano into
modern English husbandry. • He had spoken or
written its praises in terms which appeared so
exaggerated, that the Earl of Derby (then Lord
Stanley) had held up him and his fertiliser to
ridicule at a (I believe) Liverpool Agricultural
Meeting. Sutcliffe writhed under the satire, and,
about the year 1839 or 1840, when agriculturists
were raving about the new manure, and Lord S.
himself recommending it, he attended several of
the Lancashire meetings with the intention of
letting off a speech at his lordship, and inquiring
who was the fool now ? Whether his friends
thought it wiser for him to keep quiet, or whether
the leading men would not tolerate aa angry dis-
cussion, I cannot say ; but somehow he was always
deprived of his opportunity, and consequently
thought himself an ill-used man, who had intro-
duced an improvement, borne the ridicule, and
was not allowed to reap the praise. P. P.
Siege of Lille (2nd S. ii. 89.)— The names of the
officers killed and wounded at this siege are not
given in Cannon's Historical Eecords of the British
Army, and your correspondent had better consult
the London Gazettes of 1708. Lisle was invested
August 13 of that year, and Marshal Boufflers capi-
tulated October 25. Beatson's Military Memoirs
only commence with the year 1727. John Dun-
combe served as ensign in the Coldstream Guards
from April 14, 1702, until his promotion to lieu-
tenant in the 1st Foot Guards in 1703. Richard
Spencer served in the Coldstream Guards from
May 11, 1704, as captain, to July 1712, when he
died. These officers are not designated in Mac-
kinnon's History of the Coldstream Guards as the
sons of Peers. JUVERNA.
Count Boruwlaski (2nd S. i. 358.)— The monu-
ment in memory of Count Boruwlaski, of which
the inscription is correctly printed in the page of
" N. & Q." above referred to, is placed, not in
Durham Cathedral, but in the church of St. Mary
in the South Bailey; near which parish, in an
extra-parochial cottage between the city wall and
the river, the count lived for nearly the last
thirty years of his life with the Misses Ebdon,
daughters of the organist of that name; who,
along with Archdeacon Bowyer and others, had
interested himself in raising by subscription a
sum of money wherewith to purchase an annuity
for the little wanderer, and had afforded him an
asylum in his family. The inscription is not upon
brass, but upon Derbyshire marble ; and is sur-
158
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd g. NO 34., AUG. 23. '56.
rounded by an architectural framework of ele-
gant design by Mr. ^Cory, the architect. The
monument was intended for the cathedral, but an
objection having been made by the Dean and
Chapter to the inscription, written by the Rev.
Thos. Ebdon, minor canon, and nephew of the
organist, it was by my permission placed in its
present situation. Let me correct another mis-
take. The count was buried, not by the side of
Mr. Stephen Kemble, in the Nine Altars, but
near the remains of another of his kind friends,
Mr. John Ley bourne, Deputy- receiver of the
Dean and Chapter, in the west end of the cathe-
dral, near the doorway leading into the northern
tower. His grave is marked by the letters J. B.,
the initials of his name. J. R.
Sir Ferdinando Gorges (2nd S. ii. 108.)— There
is a Query, under the title of " New England
Queries," in the number for Aug. 9. :
" Where are the papers (if extant) of Sir Ferdinando
Gorges, Governor of Plymouth, about 1620? "
Connected as I am by marriage with the family,
and much as I have endeavoured to investigate
its history, I doubt whether any original papers
of Sir Ferdinando are now extant.
But I possess a very curious and rare volume,
entitled —
" America painted to the Life, written by Sir Ferdi-
nando Gorges, Knt., Governor of Plimouth, in Devon-
shire, one of the First and Chiefest Promoters of the
Plantations. Publisht since his Decease by his Grandson,
Ferdinando Gorges, Esquire, who hath much enlarged it,
and added several accurate Descriptions of his own. 4to.
London, 1658."
This volume appears to contain a full account
of every transaction relating to the settlement of
the Province of Maine and Massachusetts, as far
as the family of Gorges was concerned.
I have also lately met with an Historical Dis-
course by Mr. George Folsom, read before some
Society in Maine or Massachusetts, which em-
bodies the information contained in these tracts
of the Gorges, and seems to contain everything
which can now be gleaned on the subject.
The MSS. in the British Museum appear to re-
late chiefly to the conduct of Sir Ferdinando in
the affair of the Earl of Essex, which was some
years previous to his great exertions in the colo-
nisation of America. Armas.
"Aneroid" (2nd S. ii. 98.) — MR. PHILLIPS says
that aneroid means moistureless ; Dr. Mayne (in
his Expository Lexicon) calls it " a faulty term
intended to signify airless." I will not ask an
etymological question, viz., what different persons
think the word ought to mean according to the
supposed derivation ; but I will ask the following
simple historical questions relating to a plain
matter of fact.
1. In what work does this "faulty term" first
occur ?
2. Who invented the term ?
3. What is the explanation or derivation of the
;erm given by the inventor ? M. D.
Portraits of Swift (2nd S. ii. 21. 96.) — Thank-
ng C. for his information on this subject, I feel
sorry I cannot supply him with further details of
importance as to the edition of Swift's Works
alluded to by me, being in possession of only one
volume, the main title-page of which is defective,
but from some of the inside title-pages to par-
ticular tracts I find it to be " vol. iv.," and " Printed
in the year MDCCXXXIV." An " Advertisement "
to the volume, amongst other things, commences
by stating :
' The ensuing volume which compleats the Set contains
all such Writings imputed to the Author as relate to Ire-
land ; whereof the principal are called The Drapiers
Letters, and to these we have added two which were
never printed before. They were procured from a Friend
of the Author's in the original Manuscript as we are as-
sured and have good Reason to believe : those who are
better judges will soon determine whether they are genuine
or no."
The edition I cannot say positively to be from
the press of Faulkner, though usually considered
so. The plate bears no name of "Vert," or
' Vertue," nor of any engraver's marks whatever.
It is possible that the work may have been alto-
gether brought out clandestinely. G. N.
Crooked Naves (2nd S. i. 432. 499., &c.) — The
nave of St. Mary's church, at Bungay, is built in
a different line from the chancel ; the divergence
is almost ten degrees, as I judge by the eye. The
chancel is the oldest part, being early Decorated,
or late Early English, whilst the nave is early Per-
pendicular. The pews, however, it is very re-
markable, are of the same age as the chancel, and
have plainly been worked up in the late rebuild-
ing of the nave. The chancel is now in ruins,
only the other part of the church being used for
divine service. B. B. WOODWARD.
Bungay, Suffolk.
Holly, the only indigenous English Evergreen
(2nd S. i. 399., &c.) — In the limestone districts
at the head of Morecombe Bay, about Silverdale,
and in various parts of Furness, both the yew and
juniper grow in profusion. The yew and holly
attain a large size, and as they grow in juxta-
position, amidst rocks never disturbed by the
hand of man, it may naturally be supposed that
the one is as much entitled to be styled " indi-
genous" as the other. Has MR. WHITE ever
visited that part of the kingdom ? G. (1.)
Patrick O' Kelly, the Irish Bard (2nd S. ii. 107.)
— I remember seeing this person when he was
making a tour through the south of Ireland in
2«d S. NO 34., AUG. 23. '56.]
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
159
1829—30, soliciting subscriptions for a forthcoming
volume of poems. He was one of the most im-
pudent men alive ; and it is recorded that when
King George IV. visited Dublin in 1821, he was
informed that O'Kelly was a remarkable character,
and then in Dublin, on which his Majesty allowed
the poet to be presented to him. O'Kelly, who
was lame, was presented, and the king, anxious
to put him at ease, remarked, " I regret to see
that you are lame." " Yes, your Majesty," said
O'Kelly, " we are all lame ; the three of us."
" What? " asked the king, " three lame persons in
one family ! A sad calamity indeed ! " " Yes,"
replied O'Kelly, " in the great family of the Poets !
O'Kelly, Scott, and Byron, we are all lame."
JlJVERNA.
Premature Interments (2nd S. ii. 103.) — With
reference to the article on premature interments I
may refer those of your readers who take an in-
terest in the subject to an able and most interest-
ing article in the Quarterly Review, vol. Ixxxv.
p. 346., entitled " Fontenelle on the Signs of
Death," the authorship of which has been ascribed
to Dr. Fergusson. For the benefit of those who
have not the volume at hand I may add that the
learned author is an utter disbeliever in " pre-
mature interments." M. A., Oxon.
Oxford and Cambridge Club.
Add to the list of books on this neglected sub-
ject, one called The Disease of Death. I think it
is by a deceased physician of the name of Graham,
of Caius College, Cambridge. The author's pa-
nacea is a bath of warm earth.
C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY.
Birmingham.
Blue and Buff (2nd SL i. 269.) — In Hudibras,
the poet, speaking of his hero, says :
" For he was of that stubborn crew,
Hight Presbyterian true blue."
This will carry the blue higher up than the reign
of George I. The luff, I suspect, dates from the
buff-coat. DELTA.
John Knoxs Prophecy (2nd* S. i. 270.) — Ac-
cording to the Scandalous Chronicle, the grand
monarque was not the son of Louis XIII. : if so,
the prophecy would hold good. DELTA.
Running Footmen (2nd S. i. passim.} — There is a
public-house in Charles Street, Berkeley Square,
much used by the servants of the neighbouring
gentry, which is called by the name, and has a
painting of this functionary for its sign. It repre-
sents a tall, thin, agile man, running at a steady,
effortless pace on a country road. He is dressed
in knee-breeches, confined round the waist by a
silken scarf, white stockings, and black shoes ; a
short jacket, a jockey cap, and a long stick with a
metal ball on the top, complete his costume. Un-
derneath is inscribed, " I am the only running
footman." JOHN MILAND.
Strabo on Ireland (2nd S. i. 512.) — The Editor,
at p. 512. supra, questions the publication of this
book for several reasons, amongst which he gives
the following : " The publisher, I. Stone, is un-
known." Now Mr. Silvester Redmond, of Liver-
pool, who was the writer of the original reference
in the columns of the Wexford Independent, gives
the following proofs of his (Stone's) existence.*
Mr. Redmond is not very complimentary to
" N. & Q." in the remainder of his letter. With
this I have nothing to do ; but it appears to me
that the non-existence of the book in question is
not by any means satisfactorily established. I
trust, therefore, that some of the readers of " N.
& Q." may keep the Query in mind, and commu-
nicate to its readers the existence (if it can be
proved) of a book which, if found, may serve to
throw light on a much vexed question, the Round
Towers of Ireland. JAMES GRAVES, Clerk.
Kilkenny.
Sir Edward Coke (2nd S. ii. 58.) — Amongst
my collection of autographs is one occupying
about half an inch square, on paper of that date, —
" Edward
Cook,"
mounted carefully, secundem artem, with this in-
scription :
« Autograph of Sir Edward Coke,
Lord Chief Justice of England.
1613."
and this addition in a different handwriting :
" Placed here to shew, what Gulls,
Collectors are considered to be by Dealers ! "
E. D.
Welsh Custom (1st S. xii. 427.)-— The division
of ships into twenty-four carats is recognised in
Sardinia, Naples, Austria, and all the Italian
states. COOPER HILL.
Gloucester.
Arms in Severn Stoke Church (2nd S. ii. 112.) —
These arms are of frequent occurrence in the
cathedral and neighbourhood of Gloucester, upon
encaustic tiles ; but the cross crosslets in them
cannot, I think, have any connection with the
Berkeley coat, — the crosses in the latter being
patee. If you have any other authority than that
of Sir Robert Atkyns for your statement, I shall
be glad to be referred to it. COOPER HILL.
Gloucester.
[* We have omitted the list of works containing the
name of I. Stone, as it is clear there was a bookseller of
that name, although unchronicled by Nichols and Tim -
perley. We hope Mr. Redmond will eventually be* able
to dispose of our other reasons for doubting the existence
of this work.]
160
NOTES AND QUERIES.
S. N« 34., AUG. 23. '56.
Arnold of Westminster (2nd S. ii. 110.) — Among
the names of churchwardens of St. Margaret's,
Westminster, occur those of—
1644-7. Michael Arnold.
1665-8. Michael Arnold.
1675-6. Nehemiah Arnold.
1693. Tanner Arnold.
There are monuments of some of the family in
the church; and the parish registers would no
doubt supply ample information.
William Arnold died Aug. 23, 1734, aged
twenty-five. Arms : gules, a chevron, ermine,
between 3 pheons, or.
Mary, wife of John Arnold, daughter of John
and Mary Harvey, died Sept. 29, 1701, aged
twenty-one. 1. As above. 2. Gules, on a bend
arg., 3 trefoils slipped, vert. : or a canton or, a
leopard's head of the first.
Dr. Samuel Arnold, author of the Maid of the
Mitt, died in Duke Street, Oct. 22, 1802.
MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A.
In the Report of Lord Stafford's trial, I find
Mr. Arnold a member of the House of Commons,
"standing up in his place" to testify to the good
character of Edward Tubberville, one of the Plot
witnesses. He seems, however, to have been a
country gentleman, and an active man against the
Papists. A. B. R.
NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.
Mr. Sims has just published a volume which promises
to be of considerable utility to all who are engaged in in-
vestigations of an antiquarian, historical, or genealogical
nature. Its ample title-page describes its object. It is
entitled A Manual for the Genealogist, Topographer, An-
tiquary, and Legal Professor, consisting of Descriptions of
Public Records, Parochial and other Registers, Wills,
County and Family Histories, Heraldic Collections in Public
Libraries, §-c. The work is evidently the result of much
well-directed labour, and is calculated to facilitate very
considerably the researches of all persons who may be
compelled by circumstances, or induced by a love of ge-
nealogical studies, to prosecute inquiries which involve the
examination of the early monuments of our national
history. All such parties, whether engaged in the prose-
cution of personal claims, or amusing themselves by
archaeological speculations, will find in Mr. Sims's newly
published volume a most useful assistant. When noticing
his Handbook to the Library of the British Museum, we
could not help expressing our hope that the trustees,
whose desire it must be to facilitate the use of the Museum
library, would avail themselves of the first opportunity of
marking their approval of Mr. Sims's attempt to promote
so important an object. We are sorry to find that we
may now repeat that expression of our hope. For we
understand — notwithstanding that fitness for promotion
which his published works show him to be in possession
of— Mr. Sims is still left in the very junior position in that
Institution which he has occupied for so many years.
Mr. Sims deserves better treatment at the hands of those
who are responsible for the administration of the British
Museum.
Ferny Combes; a Ramble after Ferns in the Glens and
Valleys of Devonshire, by Charlotte Chanter, written to
"lead the youthful, and to cheer the weary spirit, by
leading them with a woman's hand to the Ferny Combes
and Dells of Devon." This pleasing little volume de-
serves a place in the travelling bag of every one who wants
to add a new charm to a ramble through the beautiful
county of Devon. How much is the pleasure of a tour
enhanced when some special object is mixed up with it,
and what more pleasing than that of a study, as of Ferns,
which may afterwards be pursued with interest by the
domestic hearth.
BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES
WANTED TO PURCHASE.
SEWEIL'S (W.) HAWKSTONE, A TALE OF AND FOR ENGLAND. 2 Vols.
Fcap. 8vo. (Second-hand.)
*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, carriage free, to be
sent to MESSRS. BELL & DALDY, Publishers of " NOTES AND
QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.
Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct to
the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and ad-
dresses are given for that purpose :
THE CDRLIAD. A Hypercritic upon the Dunciad. London, 1729. •
NECK OR NOTHING. A Consolatory Letter from Mr. D— nt— n to Mr.
C— rll, &c. London, 1716.
Wanted by William J. Thorns, Esq., 25. Holywell Street, Millbank,
Westminster.
SHAKSPEARE'S PLAYS. The First Two Volumes of the 8vo. 3 volume
edition. Published by Johnson in 1745.
Wanted by Mr. Crowther, East Dereham, Norfolk.
10
We hope next week to lay before our readers a further and very in-
t, resting paper from the pen of PROFESSOR DE MORGAN on the subject of
The Earl of Halifax and Mrs. Catherine Barton.
G. R. C. is referred to " N. & Q.," 1st S. i. pp. 383. 419. 420. for much
curious learning on the subject o/Moses being represented with Horns.
W. THREI.KAD EDWARDS is thanked for his suggestion, which has been
once adopted, but found not to answer.
J. F. F. is thanked for The Monody. It is very well knoivn, and though
we may be glad to print it hereafter, ice are sure J. F. F. will agree with
us that this is not quite the time for doing so.
VINDEX. The Criminal Statistics are annually printed, and laid be-
fore Parliament. They may be purcli ased of MESSRS. SPOTTISWOODE, at
the Office for Sale of Papers, House of Lords, or of MESSRS. HANSARD,
Abingdon Street, Westminster.
R. T. B., will find the subject of Collars of SS. very fully discussed in
our 1st Series, Vols. ii., iii. iv. v. vi. vii. viii. and x. See General Index.
EIN FRAGKR will find the beautiful song from Shirley's Contention of
Ajax and Ulysses, beginning —
" The glories of our blood and state
Are shadows, not substantial things —
reprinted in the third volume ofEHis's Specimens of the Early English.
Poets.
P. H. The striking couplet —
" The Soul's dark Cottage, battered and decayed,
Lets in new light through chinks that time has made," —
is from Waller's Epilogue to his Poems of Divine Love. See " N. & Q.,"
1st S. iii. 154, 155. for several jiurallel passages.
INDEX TO THE FIRST SERIES. As this is now published, and the im-
pression is a limited one, such of our readers as desire copies would do
well to intimate t/ietr u-ixh to their reaper/ ire booksellers without delay.
Our publishers, MESSRS. BF.I,L & DALDV, «•!!/ forward copies by post on
recent of a Post Office Order for Five Shillings.
"NOTES AND QUERIES" is published^ at noon on Friday, so that the
Coi'iitry Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and
deliver them to their Subscribers on the Saturday.
" NOTES AND QUERIES " is also issued in Monthly Parts, for the con-
venience of those who may either have a difficulty in procuring the un-
stonnietl wei'kli/ Xu tubers, or prefer receir/n;/ it monthly. White parties
resident in tlie country or abroad, who maybe desirous of receiving the
vet klii .Vumbcrs, may have stamped copies fonvarded direct from the
1'i'liH'sher. The subscription for the stumped edition of "NOTES AND
QUERIES" (including a very copious Index) is eleven shillings and four-
pence for six months, which may be paid by Post Office Order, drawn in
favour of the Publisher, MR. GEORGE BELL,' No. 186. Fleet Street.
2nd S. N° 35., AUG. 30. '56.}
NOTES AND QUERIES,
161
LONDON, SATURDAY, AUGUST 30, 1856.
LORD HALIFAX AND MRS. CATHERINE BARTON.
(1st S. viii. 429.)
Three years ago I collected all I could find re-
lating to the connexion of Newton's niece with
Lord Halifax. My conclusion — and "all my
conclusion " — was that " a private marriage, ge-
nerally understood among the friends of the parties,
seems to me to make all the circumstances take an
air of likelihood which no other hypothesis will
give them." Sir David Brewster discussed ray
arguments in his Life of Newton, published in
1855 : and I made such reply as I then judged
necessary in a review of his book which I wrote
for the North British Review (No. 46, August,
1855). Before proceeding to give two additional
presumptions, I add some remarks to this review.
Sir David Brewster neglects the character of my
conclusion as to probability : and argues as if I
affirmed that I had proved a marriage. He
would have done better if he had discussed my
opinion from my own words. / could con-
tend, as well as himself, that all the facts alleged
by me did not prove a marriage. The point on
which I gave the opinion that reasonable evidence
existed was an alternative, namely, that there
was either a marriage or an irregular connexion.
Again, Sir D. Brewster speaks thus (vol. ii.
p. 277.) :
" To infer a marriage, when the parties themselves have
never acknowledged it, — when no trace of a record can
be found, — and when no friend or relation has ever at-
tempted even to make it the subject of conjecture, is to
violate every principle of sound reasoning ; and we are
disposed to think that Mr. De Morgan's respect for the
lemory of Newton has led him to what he regards as the
aly conclusion which is compatible with the character of
i man so great and pure."
First, I did not infer a marriage, except as the
lore probable of two things, of which I held one
the other sufficiently established. Secondly, I
med towards, not simply a marriage, but a " pri-
vate marriage, generally understood among the
friends of the parties." Insert this, and see how
ir D. Brewster' s sentence then reads. " To infer
[private] marriage [generally understood among
friends of the parties], when the parties them-
slves have never acknowledged it, — when no
race of a record can be found, — and when no
riend or relation has ever attempted even to
lake it the subject of conjecture, is to violate
jyery principle of sound reasoning." I think it
violates no principle: certainly not every prin-
ciple : for instance, how does it violate the prin-
ciple that a universal negative proposition is
mvertible ? But when Sir D. Brewster repre-
its as speaking simpliciter an opponent who is
speaking secundum quid, he violates one principle
of sound reasoning, and enables that opponent, as
the fencers say, to beat down his guard.
Again, Sir D. Brewster conjectures that my re-
spect for the memory of Newton has led me to the
only conclusion compatible with the character of
a man so great ahd pure. When did I ever
show any respect for the memory of Newton, in
any sense in which respect for the memory of the
dead means something different from respect for
merit in the living ? Respect for memory, in
the sense in which Sir D. Brewster appears to
use the words, generally includes willingness to
cast a veil over faults for the sake of excellences.
Now, of all Englishmen living, I am the one who
has most dwelt upon Newton's faults, and most
strongly insisted that respect for his memory should
not prevent the clearest and fullest exposition of
them. I have always insisted that greatness, in-
tellectual greatness, should be no cover whatever
for delinquency of any kind. And I confidently
appeal to those who have read any of my writings
on the subject of Newton, whether they will not
believe me when I make the assertion following.
I say that if I had on close reflection seen reason to
think Newton had connived at a dishonourable
union between his friend and his niece, I would no
more have been deterred from giving that opinion
to the world by gravitation, fluxions, and optics, or
by the world's worship of the discoverer, than I
would have been deterred from giving evidence
that a man had gone down into a coal-mine by my
knowledge of his having at another time gone up
to the top of St. Paul's.
What I did do was this : — I took the purity of
Newton's private life (a fact as well established as
any such fact can be) for presumptive evidence that,
as there is reason to suppose he always countenanced
his niece, the connexion of that niece with Halifax
was honourable. This is altogether independent
of respect: it would equally be my opinion, if I
did not respect purity of life. Those who in their
secret hearts think a man a fool who would not
have connived, if he could have got or kept any-
thing by it, may be more difficult to bring to a
belief of Newton's character ; but, once brought
to that belief, they would, in their own language,
think Newton was that fool. The second clause
of Sir D. Brewster's sentence ought to have run
as follows : — •
" Mr. De Morgan has distinctly asserted that his
opinion of Newtoirs moral life and sentiments has helped
in drawing him to what he regards as the only con-
clusion compatible with the character of a nlan so pure."
I now proceed to the additional presumptions
above alluded to : —
A few days ago, my friend Mr. Libri showed me
a letter, written by Newton, which he had bought
at a sale (H. Belward Kay's sale, Lot 938.). The
handwriting is indisputable. It appears to have
162
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd g. NO 35^ AUG. 30. '5C.
belonged to a collection of Newton papers bought
by the late Mr. RodcLin 1847. The address is
wanting ; but it, is written to some Sir John of
Lincolnshire ; and the catalogue entry conjectures
that it is written to Sir John Newton (of Gunwar-
ley or Gunnerly, styled by Sir D. Brewster of
Haiher), whom Newton acknowledged as a distant
relation. This matter is of little consequence,
and that little merely as follows : a distant relation
is more likely than no relation at all to have been
among the persons privy to the fact of the mar-
riage, if marriage there were. The letter is as
follows (I have put a few words in Italics) : —
" Leicester Fields, 23 May, 1715.
" Sr John, — I am concerned that I must send an
excuse for not waiting upon you before your journey into
Lincolnshire, The concern I am in for the loss of my
Lord Halifax, and the circumstances in which I stand re-
lated to his family will not suffer me to go abroad till his
funeral is over. And therefore I can only send this
letter to wish you and your Lady and family a good
journey into Lincolnshire,' and all health and happiness
during your stay there. And upon your first return to
London I will wait upon you and endeavour by fre-
quenter visits to make amends for the defect of them at
p'resent. I am, Sir, your most humble * and most obedient
servant, ISAAC NEWTON."
Newton thus distinctly informs us, that circum-
stances in which he stands related to Halifax's
family are such as conspire to prevent him from
paying visits till after the funeral : and that these
circumstances are worthy of being named next to
his concern for his oldest friend and political pa-
tron. Newton's relation to Halifax was of no
common kind. In 1680 they were working to-
gether to establish a Philosophical Society at
Cambridge. In 1688 they were jointly, and with
better success, trying their hands at a great revo-
lution, as members of the Convention. In 1696
they were again associated in the difficult opera-
tion of re-establishing the coinage. They had
been warm friends and official connexions through
the greater part of their working lives, and for
thirty-five years. The loss of Halifax would have
been very sufficient reason, and very notorious
reason, for Newton to assign in explanation of his
inability to pay visits before the funeral. But
there was something more ; something worthy to
be named after the first reason ; and something
sufficiently notorious for Sir John Newton, or
some other Sir John among Newton's visiting
friends, to understand without farther allusion.
Did any circumstances relate Newton to any
other person of the blood of Charles Montague ?
* A letter from Newton to Sir John Newton in the
April following (Edleston, Correspondence, 8fc., p. 307.),
begins " Sir John," and ends " Your affectionate kinsman
and most humble servant." But the variety of the
modes of address from one person to the same other
person at the period in question, and down to the end of
the century, must have been noticed by every one who
has paid attention to correspondence.
The married names of two of the sisters, according
to the biographer, were Willmot and Cosby : of
another, according to Halifax's will, Lawton. The
index of Sir D. Brewster' s book says, as to Mon-
tague, "see Halifax," and does not mention the
other names. Newton was not an executor. He
never received any patronage from any of Mon-
tague's family : they had none to give. Halifax
was himself the patron of his family, and had, not
long before his death, resigned the rich place of
Auditor of the Exchequer in favour of his nephew
George Montague, who succeeded him in the
barony. Other relatives, besides the successor and
sole executor, as named in the will, are Christo-
pher and James Montague, brothers ; Edward
Montague and John Lawton, nephews ; Anne and
Grace Montague, nieces. With all or some of
these Newton was probably acquainted : but I am
not aware of positive evidence even of so much as
this. As to any circumstances relating Newton
to any one of them, or any other of Montague's
blood, there is not the smallest evidence of any
such things. For myself, as may be supposed, I
incline more strongly than before to the suppo-
sition that Halifax's family, in the sense in which
the word is here used, consisted of a widow,
known as Catherine Barton, and Newton's niece.
I see in the phrase "circumstances in which I
stand related to his family," the cautious mode of
writing which I suppose to have become familiar
when allusion was made to the understood but
unacknowledged marriage.
I now state another of the many little circum-
stances which all seem to converge to one point.
The periods are roughly stated. Newton lived in
London thirty years ; his niece must have finished
her education not long after he came to London
(1696). That she lived with him on leaving school
seems pretty certain. In 1700 Newton wrote a
letter (Brewster, ii. 213.) to her, then in the
country for recovery from the small-pox, which
has very much the air of a letter written to an
inmate of his own house during casual removal.
Sir D. Brewster puts it that she was (Do.,
ii. 279.) boarded in Oxfordshire, where she had
the small-pox, and that she had not then ever
been an inmate of Newton's house : but the com-
mencement of the letter, in which Newton is
glad the air agrees with her, makes it appear
that she was removed there after the disorder : he
is glad that " the remains of the small-pox are
dropping off apace." And a little London cir-
cumstance is mentioned : " Sir Joseph Tilley is
leaving Mr. Toll's house, and it's probable I may
succeed him." Would the niece of twenty,
boarded till then in the country, be assumed by
Newton (hypotheses non Jingo} to be up to the
fact that Sir Joseph Tilley lived in Mr. Toll's
house ; or would Newton have previously laid
the foundation of this knowledge, apropos of no-
2»d s. NO 35., AUG. 30. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
163
thing ? The letter is a plain proof that she had
left his house, her usual home, for country air
after the small -pox ; and I take it that she lived
with him from the time of her leaving school.
Now Conduitt informs us that his wife lived with
her uncle nearly twenty years, before and after
her marriage ; and, when * in town, the Conduitts
lived with ft ewton up to his death. Now twenty
from thirty leaves ten : there are, roughly, ten f
years of Catherine Barton's life to be accounted
for. From 1706 to 1715 we have about ten years.
In 1706, as Sir David Brewster found from the
Newton papers, the annuity trust was created by
which Halifax held 200/. a-year in trust for Miss
Barton : in 1706 also he made his first codicil in
her favour. He died in 1715. The rough period,
then, of which we must demand explanation, is of
that length which intervenes between an annuity
settled (by Halifax, I believe) and a bequest first
made, at the one end, and the death of Halifax at
the other. For Sir D. Brewster's very curious
reason to show that the annuity was bought by
Newton, a reason which puts little Kate, at six
years old, in possession of the key of Newton's
cupboard at Trinity College, — where we can only
hope she did not eat too much sugar, - — see the
article in the North British Review, cited above.
Add to this explanation of the ten years the
facts that Halifax's first codicil spoke of love
and affection, but that the codicil of 1712 spoke
of the sincere love he had long had for her person,
and the pleasure and happiness he had had in her
conversation. Remember also the statement pub-
licly made in the Life of Halifax, written by a
strong partisan, that Catherine Barton had been
to Halifax the " superintendent of his domestic
affairs," for which, though a " woman of strict
honour and virtue," she had had passed upon her
a "judgment which she no ways merited:" a
statement never contradicted, though made public
at the time when the death of Halifax must have
turned all men's eyes upon the facts of his life.
* Conduitt was, from and after his marriage, an officer
of the Mint, as well as a member of Parliament. His
usual residence must have been in London. That he had
a country house, and sometimes occupied it, serves Sir D.
Brewster (ii. 279.) with a pretext for cutting off some of
the twenty years from the end of Newton's life. He pre-
sumes that Mrs. Conduitt lived six years of her uncle's
life with her husband, her uncle not living with them.
It is not likely that she and her husband left their uncle
in his extreme old age, and there is no evidence of it.
f In my former paper I supposed it possible the con -
nexion might have begun in 1700. With Couduitt's
twenty years before me, I ought not to have done this.
I was also not aware that Halifax's first wife, the Coun-
tess Dowager of Manchester, only died in 1698. This
lady was the daughter of Sir Christopher Yelverton, Bart.
Her first husband, to whom she bore nine children, died
in 1682 : she was married to Charles Montague (who was
probably ten years younger than herself) a short time
before the Revolution.
Read these circumstances, and the others brought
forward in my former paper, by the light of New-
ton's statement that circumstances relating him to
Halifax's family were, over and above his per-
sonal concern, reasons for keeping the house till
the funeral - — and more than the strong suspicion
of an unacknowledged marriage must, I think,
result. I say unacknowledged, as distinct from
private : known to the circle in which the parties
lived, but not proclaimed to the world.
• One thing however is clear. If Catherine Bar-
ton did live with Lord Halifax, it must be to her
that Newton's allusion is made. And if to her,
then to her as a wife, not as a mistress. It is
utterly incredible, even on the supposition of a
connivance at her dishonour, that Newton should
have gravely propounded his relationship to his
friend's mistress as a reason for secluding himself
till after the funeral. It might in such a case have
been one of the reasons for his course of conduct,
but it never would have been an assigned second
reason, while he had so good and so sufficient a
first reason to allege. The alternative, then, to
which other circumstances reduced the question,
is destroyed. If Newton's niece lived with Lord
Halifax, it was as his wife.
Sir D. Brewster's work is one which merits the
gratitude of all who take interest in Newton.
And sincere thanks are due to Lord Portsmouth
for having intrusted the papers to the biographer.
But I, for one, cannot help hoping that yet further
examination of them will be permitted.
A. DE MORGAN.
August 15, 1856.
JUNIUS.
Remark on Junius. — The following remark on
Junius is cited by a correspondent in " N. & Q."
(2nd S. i. 288.), and is attributed apparently to
Archbishop Whately :
" There are many leading articles in the newspapers
and other periodicals of this day, as spirited and as viru-
lent as Junius, and the authorship of which few know or
care to inquire about. And if the authorship of Junius
had been known at the time, or shortly after, the whole
matter would probably have been totally lost sight of for
more than half a century past. But men love guessing at
a riddle. It is not the value of a fox, but the difficulty of
the chase, that makes men eager fox-hunters."
This explanation of the curiosity about the
author of the Letters of Junius seems to me far
from satisfactory. It is indeed certain that if the
authorship of these letters had been known at or
near the time of their publication, no efforts for
its discovery would have been requisite. But can
it be said that the curiosity existed simply be-
cause the authorship was unknown ? Where are
we to find the leading articles in newspapers and
other periodicals of the day 'e as spirited and as
164
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2** S. N° 35., Aye. 30. '56.
virulent as Junius ? " The newspapers of that
day contained no articles such as are now called
leading articles. Thfey published news, and oc-
casionally inserted letters from correspondents,
commenting on public events. But original com-
positions, similar to the Letters of Junius^ were
not regularly published by the newspapers till
about the beginning of this century. Moreover,
if these articles had appeared at the time, they
would have been anonymous ; and if they had
been written with the same force and pungency as
the Letters of Junius, there would doubtless have
been an equal curiosity to know their authors.
The merits of the Letters of Junius are not of a
high order, but they are precisely of that nature
which rendered them effective as engines of party
and personal attack. Partly from their style,
partly from their boldness, and partly front the
secret information which their author possessed,
they produced a powerful influence at the time.
They have ever since formed the model for the
writers of our daily press, and the secret of their
authorship has always continued to be an interest-
ing question, not simply because it is a secret, but
because it is a secret which, in the judgment of
the public, is worth knowing. L.
Francis, Junius. — My attention was drawn to
the following passage in reading Rogers's Table
Talk. It may perhaps be worth preserving among
your notes on this subject :
" My own impression is that the Letters of Junius were
written by Sir Philip Francis. In a speech which I once
heard him deliver at the Mansion House, concerning the
partition of Poland, I had a striking proof that Francis
possessed no ordinary powers of eloquence." — P. 272.
Query, Could any of your correspondents inform
me when this speech was delivered, and where, if
at all, I can find it reported ? AN OLD PAULINE.
Was Daniel Wray Junius 9 — It is now gene-
rally understood that the claims of Sir Philip
Francis as the writer of the Letters of Junius
have been disproved. I therefore desire to draw
your attention to an ingenious work by a Mr.
Falconer, called The Secret Revealed, published
in 1830, at a time when no one would listen to
him, because we were then all Franciscans.
Who Mr. Falconer was I know not ; nor shall
I trouble you with his speculations generally.
His argument is to prove that Daniel Wray was
Junius ; and he adduces one or two facts which
are startling. What I want is, that some of your
ingenious correspondents would show how the
" marvellous coincidences," as he calls them, can
be explained without admitting the " unity of au-
thorship ? "
It is stated in the " Preliminary Essay " to the
edition of 1812, that the fifty-ninth letter is the
one with which Junius had originally intended to
conclude ; but that, as Junius himself says, Gar-
rick's communication to the King, " has literally
forced me to break my resolution of writing no
more." (Vol. i. p. 238.) Qn this Mr. Falconer
observes :
« Ou the 18th Nov. 1771, Wray thus writes to Lord
Hardwicke : ' Had I persevered in that apparently wise
resolution to write no more,' &c. This in itself amounts to
little, but I request attention to what follows.
" The communication made by Garrick to the King,
announcing that Junius would write no more, carries with
it still stronger evidence of Wray's being the architype of
Junius. So strong, in,deed, as to exclude all doubt, it is
presumed, of the fact : for Wray not only gives the same
intimation to his correspondent, Lord Hardwicke, but
actually assigns the very cause, and prefixes the precise
day on which Junius designed to conclude his corre-
spondence in that character, had he not been forced by
Garrick, as he expresses himself, to break his resolution
of writing no more.
" The fifty-ninth letter of Junius, on what the author
calls the unhappy differences which had arisen among the
Friends of the People, is the one with which he had ori-
ginally intended to conclude. . . That letter is dated
October 5, 1771. Six days previously [Sept. 29, 1771]
(mark that!), Wray writes to Lord Hardwicke as
follows :
Nash will carry his election, &c. &c.
satisfy the good people of England
for a month, accompanied by the finishing dose of Junius
on Saturday.' In perfect accordance with this decided
intimation, the intended finishing dose did appear. The
5th of Oct., 1771, was on a Saturday."
I agree with Mr. Falconer that the coincidence
is startling, and I ask, how can it be explained ?
AN ENQUIRER.
ILLUSTRATIONS OF MACAULAT.
" The Plotting Levite?' ' —
With a handful of Sorrow and Grief I ana drawn
To tell you the truth of the Parsons at Land,
And a new swearing brood not in Buff but in
Lawn,
The humble Devotants to Lewis le Grand ;
Conscience, Conscience, nothing but Con-
science
Nothing but Conscjence made them forbear,
Nothing but Conscience, nothing but Con-
science
Nothing but Conscience made them forswear.
A Council of Six, all pious and good,
Jure divino every one,
For Popery, Plotting, Sedition and Blood ;
And praying devoutly as right as a gun ;
Conscience, Conscience, nothing but Con-
science,
Nothing but Conscience made them to plot,
Nothing but Conscience, nothing but Con."
science :
Honour and Loyalty they had forgot.
35., AUG. 30. '56.]
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
165
Like the Prophets of old, so they do anoint,
Their sanctified Fingers are laid to the Work,
With Jure Divino in every joynt,
'Tis all one to them be he Christian or Turk ;
Reason, Reason, nothing but Reason,
Nothing but Reason they would be at,
Nothing but Reason, nothing but Reason,
Non-swearing Parsons would bubble the State.
To bring in the French whom now they adore,
Most piously they combin'd in a Plot
To murder the King that sav'd them before,
A Villany sure that will ne're be forgot ;
Treason, Treason, nothing but Treason,
Nothing but Treason up to the ears,
Nothing but Treason, nothing but Treason,
Passive Obedience in Colours appears.
A few years ago it can't be forgot,
Be certain Tie tell you no more than is true,
'Twas a damnable sin to be found in a Plot,
As then was observed by some of their Crew:
Ely, Ely, Reverend Ely,
Reverend Ely left us i' th' lurch,
Reverend Ely and his grave Elders
Want French Dragoons to settle the Church.
Our grave Elder Brother, the worst of the Four,
Lies close in his Den like a Boar in tfye Stye,
The Blood of all Ireland lies at his Door,
And from the Almighty for judgment doth cry :
Ely, Ely, William and Ely,
William and Ely, Franck and Tom,
William and Ely, William and Ely,
William and Ely, Francis and John.
The Cut-throat Petitioners acted their part*
And gravely kept time with the Plot and $he CreAV,
They wanted a Mayor wjth a Jacobite heart
To Murther the King when they found it wou!4
do;
Docjson, Dodson, Dingo and Dodson,
Dingo and Dodson, Coward and Fool,
Dingo and Dodson, Dingo and Dodson,
To bring up the Rear, will serve for a Tool.
No. 1155. of the Collection of Proclamations,
&c., presented to the Chetham Library, Man-
chester, by James O. Halliwell, Esq., F.R.S.
BIBLIQTHECAR. CHETHAM.
CURIOUS ACCIDENTAL CIRCUMSTANCE.
The following anecdote may be considered
worthy of being preserved in the pages of ** N. &
Q." It was told me by an old gentleman many
years since deceased, and occurred about eighty
years ago. I am sorry for not having preserved
the particulars more minutely, but the matter of
fact may be depended on.
The farm lease of a tenant in the parish of
Cathcart (near Glasgow) was about expiring.
By this he was thrown into difficulties as to work-
ing his ground for the crops of the subsequent
year, and also from his landlord being absent in
London without any one knowing his address.
The farmer, however, nothing daunted, took his
staff in his hand, and in three weeks accomplished
the distance entirely by a pedestrian journey. He
arrived in the Metropolis on a Sunday morning,
and was so struck with the magnitude of the city,
and the seeming utter impossibility of discovering
his landlord, that he gave himself up to a sort of
despair. In this perplexity, finding himself near
a church, he entered it during divine service,
when, to his astonishment and joy, whom should
he descry but his landlord in a pew of the front
gallery. An appointment having been made for
next day, the lease was talked over and renewed,
the farmer immediately left the city, and in another
three weeks was at his own ingle.
The probability is, that on his travels, like the
cattle drovers, he carried along with him as his
chief subsistence his bag of oatmeal, which, mixed
with cold water, composed the well-known mess
of crowdie. In the course of his journey home
he halted in a provincial town at the ordinary of
a quakeress, who set before him for dinner a large
roast of lamb, which soon wholly disappeared. On
inquiring for his bill the landlady in amazement
addressed him as follows : " Friend, thou hast
surely not seen meat since thou hast been in Scot-
land ; that piece of lamb cost me twenty-pence,
but it is the rule of my house not to charge more
than eight-pence for thy dinner;" and I have no
doubt the canny Scot saw the propriety of not ex-
ceeding the usual fare. G. N.
THE NINE CHURCHES OF CHILCOMBE, NEAR
WINCHESTER.
Amongst the means which have been resorted
to by some local historians for the purpose of en-
hancing the glory of the former metropolis of
England, in the times before the Reformation,
none have met with so easy an acceptance as that
of multiplying the number of churches which then
beautified Winchester and its neighbourhood.
Dr. Milner, in the Appendix to his History of
Winchester, No. VI., after reckoning up ninety-
two churches and chapels, all of which he places
in the city and immediate suburbs, says in a note,
that he believes "the number of churches and
chapels was much greater than those here enu-
merated, especially before the destructive civil
war in King Stephen's reign ! " The city, it must
be remembered, is about half a mile in length, and
somewhat more than three furlongs in breadth ;
whilst the suburbs — the Soke and the Liberties
— r cannot have extended above a quarter of a mile
beyond each gate ; and, consequently, the largest
166
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd S. NO 35., AUG. 30. '56.
area that can be assigned for this incredible
number of religious edifices, with all their appur-
tenances, is one poor square mile !
Perhaps we may gain a clue to the facts of the
case by the following Note. Adjacent to Win-
chester, on the south-east, lies the parish of HJhil-
combe, anciently Ciltecumbe, occupying a sort of
bay or basin between the downs, ending in St.
Giles's and St. Catherine's Hills. Of this parish,
Sir Henry Ellis, in his General Introduction to
Domesday, vol. i. p. 190. n.2., remarks : " It is sin-
gular that it should be entered in the Survey as
having nine churches " (torn. i. fol. 41.) ; and adds,
" there is no accounting for this, without adverting
to the probability that it must have formerly in-
cluded a part of the suburb of Winchester."
These nine churches make a great figure in all the
local histories ; though others besides Sir Henry
Ellis have been puzzled to account not only for
the disappearance of eight of them without leaving
" a wrack behind," but still more for the existence
of so many in a place where, even in modern
times, the one little Norman church amply suf-
fices for the entire population of the parish.
Turning to Domesday we read that the parish
was estimated at one hide and sixty- eight caru-
cates ; that in the domain were twelve carucates
and thirty villeins, and a hundred and fifteen
bordarii, with fifty-seven carucates. Then, it
proceeds, are nine " aecclae," and twenty serfs, and
four mills, &c. Now the insertion of churches
between borderers and serfs is highly improbable ;
but, instead of ecclesia, read, as Mr. C. Hook (a
gentleman well known to all investigators in the
reading-room of the British Museum) suggests to
me, ancilla ; and not only are all the difficulties
cleared away, but you obtain a truer picture of
the condition of the parish, which does, to this
day, as Sir Henry observes, " include a part of
the suburb of Winchester."
How much light this correction might throw
upon some parts of the Survey, we need not say :
but we should not employ it until its value has
been canvassed, and the MSS. examined, so that
we may proceed upon sure grounds to substitute
female serfs for churches in those other passages in
Domesday. B. B. WOODWARD.
Bungay, Suffolk.
HAYDON S NOTES ON WATERLOO, ETC.
1 beg leave to send you the enclosed notes, written by
poor Ilaydon, the painter, in the margin of the volume of
Scott's Prose Works containing "Paul's Letters to his
Kinsfolk." He came to this town on a lecturing mission,
at the close of the year 1839, directly after his visit to
VValmer Castle ; Avhere his enthusiastic feelings had been
excited to the highest degree by a tolerably free inter-
course with the Duke of Wellington.
By means of the friend with whom he was staving, he
procured the volume from the library, and he" left his
mark upon it in the form of these characteristic notes
The edition is that in 12mo. of 1834.
ROBERT HARRISON.
Leeds Library.
To the note at p. 115., about Guardsman Shaw, Hay-
don adds : —
" I gave Sir Walter this : Wilkie and I had up
in my painting several Life-guards who were in
the battle ; one Hodgins heard some one groaning
in the yard of La Haye Sainte, where the wounded
had been removed. He turned, and found Shaw.
Shaw said, * I am dying ; ' the other swooned away ;
but the pulling him into a spring cart, to take him
to Brussels, at day-break, roused him. He turned
to look for Shaw, who was dead, with his cheek
lying on his hand. Shaw was a model of mine,
and as strong as Hercules. I had 5 models in
the battle : 3 were killed, all distinguished them-
selves. I told the Duke this at Walnier, 1839 ;
and he was much interested.
" B. K. HAYDON.
"Dec. 9, 1839, Leeds."
To the Duke's remark at p. 125., " Never mind, we'll
win this battle yet," Haydon annexes the following ob-
servation : —
" This was the Austrian General Vincent, Mr.
Arbuthnot told me. He said to the Duke, in the
thick of the fight, 'You have got an infamous
army.' ' I know it,' said the Duke, ' but we'll win
the battle yet.' In his Dispatches he calls it 'the
most infamous army I have ever commanded.'
See Dispatches. — H."
The statement concerning the death of Lieut.-Col.
Canning elicits the following, p. 126. : —
" Lord Fitzroy told me the orderly who carried
the Duke's desk was killed. Canning picked it
up, and said, ' What shall I do with it ? ' ' Keep
it,' said Lord Fitzroy, ' for the Duke.' Shortly
after, he was killed. The desk was found, rifled,
the next day."
" The friend of ours," who, at p. 128., is said to have
had the courage to ask the Duke of Wellington whether
he looked often to the woods from which the Prussians
were expected to issue —
"Was," says Haydon, "Sir Walter himself,
when at Paris. He told me so at his own table :
and," he continues, " I dined at Lord Palmer-
ston's 1833. On my right was Lord Hill. As he
lived at Westbourne Green, and I in Edgeware
Road, he set me down. While with him, as Sir
Walter had told me what he asked the Duke, I
determined not to let the moment slip, and said
to Lord Hill : ' Was there any part of the day
you despaired at Waterloo, my Lord ?' ' Never?
said Lord Hill, ' there was no panic ; we were a
little in advance, and I had never had for a
moment a doubt of the result.
" Thus, here is the opinion of the first and
second in command. Commanders of Divisions9
S. N° 35., AUG. 30. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
167
Colonels and Captains, are never to be listened to.
They can't see 3 feet before them : enveloped in
smoke, blood, and wounded, they think it's all
going to ruin, without seeing an inch of the field.
" I ask pardon for taking these liberties with a
book of a public library ; but having been inti-
mate wjth Sir Walter, and known the Duke and
Lord Hill, and having met them, heard them
speak of the battle, it is a duty to add authentic
facts for the sake of the Ladies and Gentlemen of
Leeds. We are passing away (this generation) ;
in a few years, the Duke and Lord Hill, and all
will be gone. Sir Walter has left us, and then
these little written additions, by one who lived at
the time, may not be without interest. I apolo-
gise for the liberty, but must be forgiven.
"B. R. HAYDON."
" The Duke heading the final attack with his hat in his
hand" is corrected at p. 139. :
" The Duke never took off his hat ; and in ad-
vance, the Duke was in the rear.
" From Col. Gurwood, in a letter whilst
at Leeds, Dec. 12th, 1839.
"B. R. H."
General Cambrone's refusal of quarter with the words,
" The Imperial Guard can die, but never surrender," is
thus annotated, p. 144. :
" I heard the Duke say, at the very time the
French made Cambrone utter this fine bit of
poetry, he was a prisoner at my quarters. The
Duke said, 'I didn't let him sup with me — he
broke his honour to Louis — and I bowed him and
his companion into another room.'' At Walmer,
Oct. 8th, 1839.
"B. R. H."
Alpaca. — I enclose a cutting from the Hamp-
shire Telegraph of September 29, 1855. Should
this account of the introduction of alpaca wool
into England be correct, it is very possible that
at some future time all trace willbe lost of the
facts : I therefore think that a corner in one of
your columns cannot be thrown away in register-
ing the manner of the first importation of this
material into this country, and the name of the
manufacturer who discovered how to apply it :
" It is said that the first two cargoes of alpaca that
reached Liverpool were brought over as ballast, and lay
for some time unnoticed in the cellars of the broker to
whom they were consigned, and who considered them
worthless. A manufacturer named Titus Salt discovered
them there, and took away a sample to experiment upon.
Shortly he returned, and, to the astonishment of the
broker, bought up all that he had, at Sd. per pound.
Now see the result, in an import considerably above
2,000,000 Ibs. annually, in an advance of from 10<£. to
2*. 6d. per pound, and in a branch of manufactures pro-
ducing an immense variety of goods, new to the markets
of the world, employing profitably the labour of thou-
sands, and not only sustaining some of our largest fac-
tories, but actually creating new towns."
HAUGHMOND.
Southampton.
[Mr. William Walton gives a somewhat different ac-
count of the introduction of the alpaca into England.
He says, " The first person in this country who intro-
duced a marketable fabric made from this material was
Mr. Benjamin Outram, a scientific manufacturer of Greet-
land, near Halifax, who about 1829 sold it at a very high
price, in the form of ladies' carriage-shawls and cloak-
ings, as curiosities. No quantity of the wool existing in
England, he was obliged to procure a small supply from
Peru, and gradually the articles manufactured with it
came into notice. In 1832, Messrs. Hegan, Hall, & Co.,
spirited merchants in Liverpool, convinced from their
superiority that these new manufactures would ere long
come into fashion, directed their agents in Peru to pur-
chase and ship over to them all the parcels of alpaca wool
they could meet with, and thus was laid the foundation
of that valuable and growing trade in this article which
has since risen up The greatest share of the spin-
ning and weaving of this article falls to Bradford, where
great credit is due to Mr. Titus Salt, through whose in-
telligence and perseverance the spinning of alpaca wool
has been brought to perfection." — The Alpaca, by W.
Walton, 1844, p. 65.]
A Drawing of the Lord Mayor's Show in 1453.
— Mr. Fairholt, in his Lord Mayors' Pageants,
printed for the Percy Society, 1843 (parti, p. 8.),
speaking of " Sir John Norman, the first Lord
Mayor that was rowed in his barge to Westmin-
ster, with silver oars at his owne cost and
charges," has this note :
" Gough, in his British Topography, vol. i. p. 675., says,
< there is a drawing of his show on the river in the Pe-
pysian Library.' "
A drawing of the Lord Mayor's Show in 1453
would certainly be a great curiosity, but I am in-
clined to think that no such representation exists.
Mr. Fairholt has misquoted Gough, whose words
are, " there is a drawing of the show," not his
show ; and do not refer to any show in particular.
Gough's note is loosely written, but this is evi-
dently his meaning. EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
Anecdote of Prior. — The following passage is
copied from An Historical Guide to the Town of
Wimborne Minster, DorsetsJiire, second edition,
1853, p. 30. :
" There is a fine copy of Sir Walter Raleigh's History
of the World in this old library, and local tradition at-
taches an interesting anecdote to this book. It is said
the poet Prior used to read here often ; and once when
poring over the book in question on a winter evening, he
fell asleep, and the candle, falling from the tin sconce of
the desk upon the middle of the open book, burned slowly
a round hole through it, may be a hundred pages, rather
more than less. The smoke of the smouldering paper
aroused the weary student. A hand would have been
sufficient to cover the damage and put out the fire ; and
probably in this way it was extinguished. We may
imagine, however, the dismay at the mischief done to a
book costly even now, but then of a much higher mone-
tary value. The pains taken to remedy the defects marks
168
NOTES AND QUERIES.
s. N« 35., AUG. 30. '56.
the value in which the book was held. Pieces of writing
paper, about the size of half-a-crown, are very neatly
pasted into the holes, an>d'the words needed to supply the
sense are transcribed from the memory, and it is said, in
the handwriting of Prior."
This is an interesting anecdote of the poet, if
true ; but the evidence is not greatly in its favour.
The bibliographical readers of "K & Q." will
smile at the writer's idea of the market value of a
copy of Kaleigh's History of the World !
EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
Plagiarism ly Sir Walter Scott. — In S. C.
Hall's Book of British Ballads, Second Series,
p. 416., we are told that " Sir Walter Scott added
to the ballad of * Auld Robin Gray ' the following
verse, in which it will be perceived that he has
borrowed an idea from the 'Continuation'" (of
the ballad) :
" Nae langer she wept, her tears were a' spent,
Despair it was come, and she thought it content ;
She thought it content, but her cheek it grew pale,
And she droop'd like a lily broke down by the hail."
The lines in the " Continuation " are, —
"Though ne'er a word he said, his cheek said mair
than a',
It wasted like a brae o'er which the torrents fa'."
The thought and words plagiarised by Sir
Walter Scott are from Tickell's poem of Colin
and Lucy, the third stanza, and run thus :
" Oh ! have you seen a lily pale,
When beating rains descend?
So droop'd the slow-consuming maid,
Her life now near its end."
Your readers are doubtless familiar with the
exquisite paraphrase of these lines by Vincent
Bourne :
" Vidistin' (quin saepe vides!) ut languida marcent
Lilia, qu0e subitse prsegravat imber aquae?
Lento sic periit tabo, sic palluit ilia,
Ad finem extreme jam properante die."
JUVERNA, M.A.
Women's Entrances in Churches. — In Brewer's
Oxfordshire (p. 443.), the following occurs :
" The principal entrance of the church [Stanton Har-
court] is by a round-headed arch, on one side of which
is a small stone receptacle for holy water. At a small
distance is another door, used by the women only, as,
from a custom of immemorial standing, they never pass
through the same entrance with the men."
The separation of the sexes in church is not
uncommon ; but do any other examples of sepa-
rate entrances for each sex exist ?
R. W. HACKWOOD.
Library at St. Mary's, Marlborough. — The
following is extracted from a terrier of the lands
and profits of the above vicarage, taken in the
year 1698: —
" Item. The Library of Mr. White, late Hector of Pusey,
in the county of Berks, given to Cornelius Yeate and his
successors, Vicars of St. Marie's in Marlborough, which
Books are now in the possession of the said Mr. Yeat<T
till a more convenient place can be assigned for them,
and the Catalogues of the Books is in the Chest of the
Mayor and Magistrates."
^ This library is still preserved in excellent con-
dition, and is lodged in the vicarage house. Mr.
Yeate was instituted to the benefice in 1677, and
resigned it in 1707, when he bad been for some
time archdeacon of Wilts. PATONCE.
Forensic Wit. — Some years ago an action wafr
brought, at Cardiff Assizes, by a rich plaintiff
against a poor defendant, who was unable to pay
a counsel, when Abraham Moore, Esq., of Exeter,
a barrister, volunteered to defend him, and Jekyll
wrote this :
" Dives and Lazarus.
" Dives, the Cardiff Bar retains,
And counts their learned noses,
Whilst the defendant Lazarus
On Abraham's breast reposes ! "
In a cause tried at Exeter Assizes, some years
ago, Serjeant Pell kept cross- questioning an old
woman, trying to elicit from her that a tender had
been made for some premises in dispute ; when
Jekyll threw a scrap of paper across the table,
directed to him, containing tlrese lines :
" Cease, Brother Pell, that tough old jade
Will never prove a tender maid."
W. COLLTNS, M.R.C.S,
Chudleigh.
GENEALOGICAL QUERIES.
Family of Herbert. — A branch of the Herbert
family (bearing for their coat per pale az. and gu.
3 lions ramp, with a mullet for difference, ar. and
crest a wivern with wings displayed vert, holding
in its mouth a sinister hand couped at the wrist, gu.,
on the neck a collar and chain, or) was settled in
Warwickshire in the sixteenth century, at Stretton-
on-Dunsmore, Astley, Princethorpe, and Chilvers-
coton. The earliest will in the diocesan registry is
that of Thomas Herbert of Chilverscoton, dated
1574, at which date his son, John Heroert, pur-
chased an estate at Stretton, now possessed by his
descendants. He died in 1603, setat. eighty, and
was buried at Stretton (vid. Dugdale), leaving by
Agnes ? his wife, Thomas Herbert, who succeeded
him, and died in 1642, leaving by his wife -?
a first son, Thomas Herbert*, who married Ca-
therine Jerinens, daughter of James Jentieris, and
a second son, Captain William Herbert, who dying
s. p. v. in 1694, by his will endowed the vicarage
of Stretton, which was thereupon severed from
* Whose brother, Richard Jentiens, w& Sigh. Sheriff
of Berks ? His descendants, if any ?
2°d S. NO 35., AUG. 30. '56. ]
NOTES AND QUEEIES.
169
Wolston, and constituted a separate parish by Act
of Parliament. The granddaughter of the last-
named Thomas Herbert, the heiress of this family,
married, in 1726, William Noyes, Esq., one of the
Six Clerks in Chancery. It being premised that
the inquirer has searched carefully both Fines and
Subsidy Rolls, the Query is, can it be ascertained
(from any source accessible to any contributor to
" N. & Q.") at what period this branch of the
great Herbert family derived from the parent
stock in Monmouthshire, Salop, or Wilts? (for
they also possessed an estate at Long Wittenham,
in Berks and Wilts). Who were the wives of the
first-named Thomas, John, and Thomas Herbert,
and how were they related to the Chamberlaynes,
lords of the manors of Chilverscoton and Prince-
thorpe, to whom, as his cousins and executors,
Captain William Herbert left the advowsoii of the
church of Stretton ?
Family of Noyes of Erchfont, Co. Wilts, and
Andover, Co. Hants. — Coat : Azure, 3 cross
crosslets in bend. arg. Crest : on a cap of maint.
a dove ppr. holding in the beak an olive branch,
vert. The family tradition runs that this name was
originally Noye, of Norman origin, and it bears
the same arms as those of Noye in the Visitation
of Cornwall. In the 14 & 15 Hen. VIII., Wil-
liam Noyes of Erchfont was assessed for the sub-
sidy at 80/., and paid 41. yearly. In 1540 he be-
came possessed of the prebend of Erchfont with
its dependencies, and died in 1557, leaving by his
will, proved at Doctors' Commons in that year,
considerable property among a numerous family^
of wtiom John was M. P. for Calne, A.D. 1600,
and Robert, the eldest, who succeeded to the pre-
bend, having purchased in 1574 for his eldest
son, another Robert Noyes, the manor and estate
of King's Hatherdene, in Weyhill, near Andover.
His cousin "and executor, Peter Noyes, also of
Weyhill and Andover, is the first of the family
who is recorded in the Visitation of Berks, in
which county his descendants possessed for many
generations the estate of Trunkwell in the parish
of Shinfield, acquired by a marriage with Agnes,
daughter and heiress of John Noyes of that place,
who ob. 1607.
Query, 1. If this name was originally Noye,
and of Norman origin, whence is it derived, and
at what period did the family come over to Eng-
land?
2. Is there any trac6 of it in Court Rolls or
other sources previous to 1524, the period of the
first Subsidy Roll after the reign of Edward III.
which gives the names of contributors ?
3. It appears from letters and papers of John
Noyes, M. P. for Calne, that he was a cousin of
the Ducketts, an ancient Wilts family, now
baronets, one of whom succeeded him in the re-
presentation of Calne, and who, according to the
obituary of the last baronet recently in the Illus-
trated London News, are said to possess very an-
cient family muniments. Query, What was the
relationship, and are any of the matches of the
Noyes of Erchfont traceable ?
4. The manor of Blacksvvell in Chute and
Chepenbury, &c., and very extensive estates in
that neighbourhood, were purchased by a William
Noyes in 1614, and it appears by the inquisitio
post mortem of Joan, his widow, in 1631, that she
died at Weyhill, leaving a son and heir, William,
and that Peter Noyes delivered the inquisition into
court.
Query, What relation was this William Noyes
and Joan his wife to Peter and Robert of Weyhill ,
and Erchfont ?
5. Peter Noyes of Andover, the first-mentioned
in the Visitation, who. was living in 1646, as ap-
pears by the records of a chancery suit then in
progress with the widow of his eldest son, had a
second son, Richard, not named in the Visitation,
but who wds married and had issue (wanted to
trace his descendants, if any) : he had also a
daughter, Joyce, married to the Rev. Robert
Wilde, D.D., who was living in 1668. Query,
Was this the great Presbyterian poet of the same
name and period ? or if not, what is known of
him and his descendants ? MEMOE.
MISSING RECORDS : THE DISTRIBUTION BOOKS OF
IRELAND.
" No. 26. Lord Mountgarret, Tr. Pap., Part of Rameen
duffe, 26 acres, granted to Ld Mountgarret after reprise.
Certificate dated Nov. 16, 1666.
" No. 23. Cath. Archer alias Grace. Ir. Pap., Boot-
stoun under Down Survey, profitable 236 acres, of which
122a IP were granted by certificate to Sir Francis Gore>
May 11, 1666. Remainder 113a 3? granted by certificate
to Richard Coote, Oct. 8, 1666."
The above are copies of extracts made about
the year 1830 from one of the volumes mentioned
at the head of this article, then in the evidence
chamber of Kilkenny Castle. The books were
large folio, and are supposed to have been the
only copy existing in Ireland out of the Record
Department, Custom House, Dublin (where the
originals are preserved, extending I believe to
eighteen or twenty volumes). The copy which
had been in the possession of the Ormonde family
has been lost; it is feared, stolen. Should any
of the readers of " N. & Q." be able to identify
the books as existing in any collection, public or
private (it is supposed that the third and only
other copy of those important records is in Paris,
having been takefy along with the vessel that
carried it, by a French privateer in transit to
England), and be able to give such information,
publicly or privately, as may lead to the know-
ledge of their present place of existence, if not
170
NOTES AND QUERIES.
. NO 35., AUG. 30. '56.
their recovery, such informant will be entitled
to thanks ; and, if so^desired, substantial marks of
gratitude from the present representative of the
Ormonde family, by whose desire these lines are
inserted. JAMES GRAVES, Clk.
Kilkenny.
GAPS IN ENGLISH HISTORY.
Fernando Colombo and Henry VII. — It has
not been generally adverted to, that amongst the
several offers which the great world-discoverer
made to the Repubjic of Genoa, to Spain, &c., the
dispatching of his own brother to London on a
similar errand is of much interest. Fernando
stayed a long time here, (I think six months or
more), during which many communications must
have been made by him to the Court, Admiralty,
&c., as the claims and demands of Christopher
were not trifling, some of them puny. He con-
stantly insisted on the admiralship (el Admiralasco)
of the discovered lands to be granted to his family
for ever ; although he might have known, even
from the history of the kings of Rome, that there
is no lease in perpetuity of the kind. However
this may have been, the reasons adduced by the
Colombos for the existence of the great western
land must have been cogent. The Court stretched
out the hand to conclude the bargain, but — il etoit
trop tardl In the meantime the mystical affair
of Rabida had come to pass ; the New World be-
longed for awhile to Old Spain, &c. There is a
bit of immortality for any one who will search the
State Paper Office or Trinity House archives for
these surely yet existing documents. The private
archives of the then high admiral would be also
a very likely place to find them.
The Parliament and Education (2nd S. i. 470.)—
When in 1637 the tract on John Amos Comenius,
Conatuum Comenianorum Prceludia, appeared in
Oxford, this was really only a prcdudium of what
happened afterwards. The following (scanty)
passage, extracted from the great Cyclopsedia of
Ersch and Gruber, may induce English searchers
to go further into the matter, and to clear up a
most important incident of English and European
Culture-History :
" Subsequently the English Parliament called upon
him [Comenius] to undertake the arrangement (Ein-
riclitung) of their schools (Schulwesen)ll Comenius
obeyed the call. He arrived in 1641 in London, over-
whelmed with demonstrations of respect. But internal
commotions, Avhich placed mighty impediments in his
way, induced him to leave England."
But the publication of tracts and books lasted
uninterruptedly up to 1659, and even in 1777 a
book of Comenius has been printed here. Never
before nor since had any foreigner connected
his name with the history of England as Co-
menius (alias Komensky) has done. We are but
pigmies compared with such a man.
J. LOTSKY, Panslave,
15. Gower Street.
DR. TIMOTHY THURSCROSSE.
In the will and its codicils of Barnabas Oley,
the worthy Vicar of Great Gransden in Hunting-
donshire, we have the following notices of the Dr.
Timothy Thurscrosse, respecting whom some few
particulars were elicited in " 1ST. & Q.," 1st S. ii.
441. 484. ; iii. 44. :
" Item. I give all those books that I took out of Dr.
Timothy Thurscrosse his library to his kinsman, Mr.
Marmaduke Flathers, Vicar of North Grimston, for his
use during his life, provided he give security to the town
to leave them safe for the use of his successors, Vicars of
North Grimston in Yorkshire, and that every Vicar do so
successively, or else forfeit the books to the Vicar of the
poorest parish within five miles of North Grimston, to be
taken by that poor Vicar, and recovered by course of law
upon the same conditions that T gave them to the Vicar
of North Grimston."
In the second codicil these books are thus
noticed :
" By Dr. Thurscrosse his books mentioned in my Will,
I mean and declare the same shall be known to be such
books as after my death shall be found in my study
marked or inscribed to have been his the said Doctor's,
and none other. And I will and desire the said books
shall be so settled and secured by articles to be made be-
tween my executors and the Vicar and Churchwardens of
North Grimston in Yorkshire, that the same may be
placed in some convenient room or library for the use of
the Vicars therein and their successors for ever, without
power to remove or embezzle the same, in such manner
as my executors shall in discretion think fit before the
said books be parted with out of their possession."
Again, in the third codicil we read :
" I do humbly entreat both my honored friend William
Thursby and any other the one or two that he shall chuse
to assist him, to have a care of the books: those in my
study upon the right hand here behind the door are the
books which I took as a legacy given myself out of his
library (I might have taken as many as I would) by his
Will to dispose of where I would — his Will, I mean the
Will of Dr. Timothy Thurscrosse of blessed memory.
These I have given to Mr. Thomas Langley, a worthy
friend and an honest attorney of Furnivat's Inn in London
to be preserved for the use of the present Vicar of North
Grimston, and his successors for ever."
Mr. Thursby, the executor, has added the fol-
lowing note to the extract from the second codicil,
" This I have performed." Query, Are these
books at present in the custody of the Vicar of
North Grimston ? J. YEOWELL.
Cambridge Clods. — Can any of your readers
inform me where it is likely I can get a sight of
s. NO 35., AUG. 30.
NOTES AND QUERIES.
171
the " caricature prints " mentioned in the follow-
ing extract from Caulfield's Remarkable Persons,
1819? —
"About thirty years since two characters, equally
singular in their way, resided in Cambridge; Paris, a
well-known bookseller, and Jackson, a bookbinder, and
principal bass singer at Trinity College Chapel in that
University. These two gentlemen, who were both re-
markably corpulent, were such small consumers in the
article of bread, that their abstemiousness in that parti-
cular was generally noticed ; but to make amends, they
gave way to the greatest excess and indulgence of their
appetites in meat, poultry, and fish, of almost every de-
scription. And one day having taken an excursion, in
•walking a few miles from home, they were overtaken by
Lunger, and on entering a public-house, the only pro-
vision they could procure was a clod of beef, weighing
near fourteen pounds, whic,h had been a day or two in
salt, and this these two moderate bread consumers con-
trived to manage between them broiled, assisted by a due
proportion of buttered potatoes and pickles. The land-
lord of the house having some knowledge of his guests,
the story got into circulation, and the two worthies were
ever after denominated the ' Cambridge Clods ! ' Several
caricature prints made their appearance on the occasion ;
but the best likeness of Mr. Jackson is from a drawing
taken by Silvester Harding, representing him, when ad-
vanced in years, seated in a large wicker chair."
HENRY KENSINGTON.
Miles the subject of^an Acrostic. — Of what
" Miles " was the following acrostic written, when,
and by whom ?
" Magnanimus in adversitate,
Ingenuus in consanguinitate,
Largifluus in honestate,
Egregius in curialitate, et
Strenuus in virili probitate."
THEELKELD.
George M. Hunter. — Is anything known re-
garding an author of the name of George M.
Hunter, who published Louis and Antoinette, a
tragedy, in 1794? R. J.
" Earl Harold" — Who is the author of Earl
Harold, a tragedy, published by Fraser in 1837 ?
R. J.
Suffrages at End of Litany. — Before the last
two suffrages at the end of the Litany in Book of
Common Prayer are prefixed respectively the
words Priest and Answer. No such prefix occurs
in the case of the other suffrages here. In the
previous editions of the Litany Versicle and An-
swer are similarly placed here, but not before the
other suffrages. Why is this ? Was there ori-
ginally any distinction in the manner of singing
the words " O Lord, let Thy mercy be shewed
upon us ; " " As we do put our trust in Thee,"
from that of the other versicles and responds in
this place ? A. A. D.
The Lord Dean of York. — In a letter written
by Rogers, suffragan of Dover, to Mr. Bois, the
civilian, dated " Sothewark, the 7th of December,"
the year uncertain, but published by Strype (An-
nals of Reformation, vol. iv. p. 432., Oxford, 1824),
sub an. 1597, the year of Rogers's death, I find
the following passage :
" I could allege an old suffragan, Dean of York ; by
whom the Dean of that church came to be first called
Lord Dean ; whose leases of things appertaining to that
deanery," &c.
Upon this passage I should be glad to ask two
questions, viz. :
1. Who was the "old suffragan, Dean of
York ? "
2. For how long a period did the York Chapter
decorate its dean with this borrowed plume ?
Possibly the last edition of Strype may have a
note at this place ; but in the country I have not
access to that edition.
Might it not be worth inquiry also, whether
Rogers is correct in ascribing the origination of
this honorary title to the bishop-dean in question ?
Or whether it was not, in fact, a title assumed as
early as when the primacy was a subject of dis-
pute between the two archbishops, and when the
Mayor of York first rivalled his brother of London
in the like distinction ? J. SANS.OM.
Fenton of Milneame, Perthshire. — Looking
over the pedigree of a Scotch family some time
ago, I met with the name of this family. Can
any of your readers inform me if this was a family
of any standing or importance in Perthshire ?
what arms they bore? or where I can find any
account of them ? SIGMA THETA.
Greek and English New Testament. — Edward
Nares, in the preface to his remarks on the Im-
proved Version of the New Testament, says he
had met with a Greek and English New Testa-
ment, published in 1715 and 1718, the text of
which he had collated more than once with what
Griesbach afterwards published in his second
edition, and found nothing but the most trivial
differences. What edition does Nares mean ?
M.
Chattertoris Portrait. — In the Life of Gains-
borough, by G. W. Fulcher, it is related that
during the interval between 1768 and 1773, when
he declined sending specimens of his paintings to
the Royal Academy, that wonderful youth Chat-
terton, "the sleepless soul that perished in his
pride," sat to Gainsborough for his portrait, and
that it was a masterpiece. As I consider myself
to have been a Bristolian of forty years' standing,
and possessor of a very extensive collection of
MSS. and books relative to the Chattertonian
controversy, may I be allowed to inquire with
some anxiety, whether any of the descendants of
Gainsborough, or your correspondents, can give
me any information into whose hands this portrait
may have fallen ? There is an engraving of Chat-
172
NOTES AND QUERIES.
S. N° 35., AUG. 30. '56.
terton's portrait prefixed to Mr. t)ix's life of him,
who states that the original painting is in the pos-
session of the late Mr. Braikenridge, of Bristol.
Happening to know the history of this presumed
portrait, and that it was not p'ainted for Chatter-
ton, but some youth in Bristol, name unknown,
and that it was picked up at ah old clothes shop
in the Pithay in that city, by (I wish not to
mention the name), I feel myself compelled to dis-
abuse the public mind that Dix's engraving is a
portrait of • Chatterton, and lament to say that
such a collector of Bristol antiquities as Mr.
Braikenridge was, was grossly imposed upon.
J. M. G.
Worcester.
Bath Characters at the 'beginning of this Cen-
tury. — A few days since I accidentally met with
an 8vo. volume entitled Bath Characters; or,
Sketches from Life, by Peter Paul Pallet, the
third edition, London, 1808, pp. about 200.
The nobility, clergy, distinguished singers,
dilettanti, gatiiblers, and in short all such persons
as then frequented that, the most fashionable
watering-place, as well as those resident in the
place, are exhibited by the author, who is evi-
dently a scholar ; and who, while he satirises the
follies and different absurdities of the beau monde,
does so judiciously, and without rancour or acri-
mony. As the work must have created a sensation
at the time, I should thank any reader of " N. &
Q." who can inform me who was the author of it ?
and also, if there should be a Key to the characters
published, where I may find it ? A.
Ibbetson and John Smith, Artists. — In the
Gamut, or Accidence of Painting in Oil, by Julius
Ca3s;ir Ibbetson, published in 1803, the author,
alluding to an account of his life, proceeds :
" But I will not impose it on the world at 'present, it
belonging more immediately to a work for which I have
collected a prodigious quantity of materials, and which I
have received great encouragement to bring forward. It
is Anecdotes of Picture Dealers, Picture Dealing, and
Pictures, and will be entitled Humbuggoloqia. Of which,"
observes- the artist in the conclusion, " at any rate, if I
can get but the Hnmbuggologia, it will, among other sen-
sations, excite laughter in no common degree, which is
reckoned very wholesome."
Now, can any one refer to any account of the
artist, and particularly to the work in question ?
which, if in existence, would probably furnish
much rare and valuable information to the picture
public. Many an anecdote and history of pictures
might be expected from an artist of such varied
experience and abilities as Ibbetson, whom Mr.
West termed the English Berghem.
He also promises the publication of his water-
colour process, which, I fear, never made its ap-
pearaneej although said to be in great forward-
ness
Ibbetson is said to have resided for many years
at Masham in Yorkshire, to be out of the way of
the picture- dealers, at which place he died. Are
his pictures frequently met with in Yorkshire ?
Is anything known of the artist and his draw-
ings of whom Ibbetson says, " In tinted drawings
no one, I believe, ever came so1 near the tint of
nature as Mr. John Smith ? " ART Cu&ius.
Leeds.
Wyld's Globe and LangtarcPs Georama. — The
publication of your General Index may have the
effect of resuscitating some dormant subjects. In
1st S. v. 467. 488., a question Was discussedj
Whether Wyld's Great Globe is a plagiarism from
Molenax ? The evidence is insufficient to esta-
blish the affirmative, as it does not appear that
Molenax's globe differed from others except in
size : but what are we to say to the following,
which I cut out of a defunct periodical entitled,
The Museum, and Register of Belles Lettres, $*c.,
No. 5.j Jan. 31. 1824.?
" A Frenchman, of the name of Langlard, is at this
moment busily engaged, in conjunction with the best
geographers in Paris, in completing his invention of a
Georama, which he is erecting at an immense expense on
the Boulevards Italien, in a garden at the back of the
Cafe de la Paix. The Georama is to consist of a globe of
40 feet diameter ; in the inside of which will be repre-
sented a complete map of the world, describing, on an.
exact scale, the extent of every country, sea, river, and
mountain in the Atlas, as well as the site of all the high
roads, capitals, principal towns, and remarkable villages
in the known world ; giving at one view the sinuosities
of the routes of armies, public vehicles from one town to
another, throughout Europe, &c. The Poles will serve
as a point d'appui for circular stairs in the centre, from
which the spectators will have the facility of making
their observations."
Is anything more known of Langlard and his
Georama ? J. F. M.
Mortuaries. — Can any of your clerical or legal
readers furnish me with the law or general custom
respecting mortuaries in those parishes in which
they are paid ? Especially on the point whether,
on the death of a parishioner who is liable to pay
the mortuary fee, it is to be paid to the incum-
bent of the parish in which he dies, or to the in-
cumbent of that in which he is buried ? If* h6
dies in a parish in which mortuaries are not paid,
but is buried in one in which they are paid, should
his executors pay the mortuary or not ?
WILLIAM FEASEB, B.C.L.
Alton, Staffordshire.
Sahagun Sword-Blades. — Can any of your
readers inform me when Sahagun was celebrated
as a manufactory of swords? I recently became
possessed of an apparently very old blade of ad-
mirable temper, very narrow and long, something
like a claymore. On the blade is engraved " SA-
HAGVM," with several flourishes round it, and two
2nd S. N« 35., AUG. 30. '56.]
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
173
or three stars. I believe Sahagun to be the an-
cient Saguntum, where the first hostilities oc-
curred between Hannibal and the Romans ; and
more recently distinguished as being the scene of
a cavalry engagement during the Peninsular War.
CAC.ADORE.
Can Fish le Tamed ? — In Mr. Scale's Me-
diaeval Preachers * there is an extract from the
Sermon addressed by Yieyra to the fishes, " be-
cause it was of no use to preach to the people of
Maranhao." Vieyra says :
"Aristotle, speaking of fishes, says that they alone
among all animals can neither be tamed nor domesticated."
Now it strikes one at once that this statement is
at variance with one made by the Apostle James
(iii. 7.) :
" Every kind of beasts, and of birds, and of serpents,
and of things in the sea, is tamed and hath been tamed of
mankind."
Of course it might be said that this latter is a
mere figure of speech or hyperbole; but, as a
matter of fact, is not the Apostle more accurate
than the philosopher? Tame carp in ponds
coming to be fed from the hand are by no means
uncommon ; and perhaps your correspondents
could mention other like cases. A. A. D.
The Worm in Wood. — Can any of your readers
inform me of the cause of worm in wood ? In
the house of a friend, who lives near me, the fur-
niture more or less is all affected in this way. It
seems to be worse in those tables and chairs that
stand against the oldest wall of the castle (a por-
tion of the house is quite modern) ; but though
there is much of both ancient and modern furni-
ture, the worm does not seem to infect the one
more than tbe other. What is the remedy, if
there is one ? MILLICENT EBSKINE WEMTSS.
Bastards. — It is often said that bastards can-
not span their own wrist. Can any of your corre-
spondents trace the history of this opinion ?
A.A.D.
John Duncurrib. — George Duncumb, Esq., of the
Inner Temple, and of Westdn in Albury, co.
Surrey, at one time principal of Clifford's Inn,
and a Court keeper in large practice, speaks in his
will, anno 1646, of the fees of office of his son
John. The office in question was no doubt con-
nected with some of the law courts. Can any of
your readers tell me what it was ? and how long,
and the period John Duncumb held it ?
JAMES KNOWLES.
Singular Plant— I have lately seen a plant
which had remained for years apparently dried
up, and curled up like a ball. It was put on a
fr°m * reVleW in the Literary
plate full of water in the evening; and by the
next morning its leaves had become of a fine
olive-green, and lay gracefully round the plate,
flat and fully expanded on every side. When the4
water was poured off, this curious plant began to
curl up again, and gradually returned to its pre-
vious state, appearing like a ball or a dry sponge.
It was evidently some sea-weed, but I should be
glad to know its name. F. C. H.
Early Illustrated English Versions of Ariosto. —
Are there any old editions, in English verse, of
Aristo's Orlando Furioso f and, if so, are any of
them illustrated ? W. T.
im'tfj
Bisselius. — Is anything known of Bisselius the
Jesuit, author of Gestorum Sceculi X VII. Synopsis,
as follows :
" 1601.
" Astronomum Primi rapit anni Parca Tychonem.
ilex oritur Geltes. Wallachus ense cadit.
" 1602.
" Excipit hunc MOSES, Siculorunl ductor ; ut armis
In Dacos, paribus ; sic quoque caede pari."
These lines I find in a battered old volume of
the above author, entitled Delicice JEstatis, and
dated 1644. THRELKELD.
[John Bissel, or Bisselius, was a German writer of the
seventeenth century, born at Babenhausen in Swabia in
1601. He early joined the Jesuits, and was professor of
philosophy and rhetoric in the colleges at Dillengen, In-
goldstadt, and Amberg, and died at the latter place in
1677. In his native country he had the reputation of a
good poet and elegant prose writer. For a list of his
works see Jocher, Gelehrten- Lexicon, s. t?.]
Medlars introduced into England. — Can any of
your readers inform me when the fruit called
medlar was first introduced into this country ?
It seems to have been known in, or soon after, the
reign of Henry VIII.
In Heywood's Works, 4to., 1566, First Hun-
dred of Epigrams, 89. is one — •
« OfMedlers.
" To feede of any frute at any feast,
Of all kynds of medlers rneddell with the least ;
Meddle not with-greate meddlers. Fdr no question
Meddlyng with greate meddlers maketh yll digestion."
*.s.
[An earlier notice of the medlar occurs in Chaucer,
The Romaunt of the Rose :
a And many homely trees there were,
That peaches, coines, and apples bere,
Medlars, plummes."
In factj the Me&pilus Germanica, the German or common
medlar, is indigenous, as stated by Dr. W. A. Bromfield in
London's Magazine of Natural History, vol. ix. p. 86.
He says: "M. germanica is scattered over a very ex-
tensive district, as about Hastings, and at the back of
174
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd s. ^0 35., AUG. 30. '56.
St. Leonard's in many places ; also about "Ashburnham,
between Catfield and Ninfield, in some places quite a con-
spicuous ornament to th« hedgerows, which is not the
only situation it affects, occurring apparently truly wild,
though rarely, in the midst of natural woods near
Hastings, as in those at the Old Road, Coghurst, &c., in
•which places I have found seedlings as well as trees of
advanced growth springing up perfectly spontaneously,
and very remote from habitations or cultivated ground.
In Guernsey and Jersey I have often found it wild, so
that its claim to be considered indigenous can hardly be
questioned ; besides, I have never seen it in any garden,
as a cultivated fruit tree, within many miles of this place
(Hastings, Sussex)." The dwarf medlar was introduced
in 1683. Consult also Loudon's Trees and Shrubs of
Great Britain, vol. ii. pp. 877. 928.]
Edition of Virgil. — I shall be much obliged if
you, or any of your correspondents, will inform
me whether an edition of Virgil is a valuable one
which has name of printer and date as follows ?
" Leovardiae : Franciscus Halma, D.D., Ordinis Frisise
Typographus, CIO,IOCC,XVTI."
OXONIENSIS.
[Mr. H. G. Bohn in his General Catalogue of the
Classics, offers an edition of Virgil's works, of this place
and date, "in 2 vols. 4to., plates by Picart, fine copy, in
gilt prize vellum," for 11. lls. Qd.~\
Dr. Johnson and W. Davenport. — Can any of
your readers kindly supply any information re-
lating to the W. Davenport, a protege of Dr.
Johnson, who was placed by the Doctor with Mr.
Strahan the printer, of Crane Court ? Davenport
is said to have been a man of high attainments,
and I am anxious to glean some particulars re-
specting him. I. W. S.
[A brief notice of William Davenport, who died at
Chcshunt, Herts, on Jan. 2, 1792, will be found in Ni-
chols's Leicestershire, vol. i. p. G09., and in the Gentleman's
Magazine for January, 1792, p. 91.]
Bow or Bay Windows. — About what time was
the bow or bay window introduced into our do-
mestic architecture, and by whom and where ?
JOHN SCRIBE.
[Mr. Joseph Gwilt, in his Encyclopedia of Architecture,
p. 185., states that " the bay window was invented about
a century before the Tudor age. In a MS. at the He-
ralds' College relating to an entertainment given at
Richmond by Henry YIL, the following passage occurs,
and may be taken as descriptive of one of the purposes to
which it was applied : ' Agaynst that his grace had
supped, the hall was dressed and goocllie to be seene, and
a rich cupboord sett thereup in a baye window of ix or x
stages and haunces of hight, furnissed and fulfilled with
plate of gold, silvei-, and regilte.' Carved wainscotting
in panels, generally of oak, lined the lower part of the
halls Avith greater unity of design and execution than
heretofore ; and it now found its way into parlours and
presence-chambers with every variety of cyphers, cogni-
zances, chimeras, and mottoes, which in the castles of
France, about the age of Francis I., were called Boisseries.
Of these some curious specimens still remain in the hall
and chambers of the dilapidated mansion of the Lords de
la Warre at Halnacre, in Suffolk." Consult also Glossary
of Architecture, vol. i. p. 69.]
MILITARY DINNERS.
(2nd S. ii. 127.)
Amongst the mighty achievements which have
been celebrated over the festive board none ever
surpassed, in all its bearings, the banquet given
upon the bridge at Calloo, thrown over the Scheldt
to complete the investment of Antwerp, by the
Duke of Parma in 1584.
^ The wide and rapid river presented numerous
difficulties to this gigantic scheme hard to be sur-
mounted. In winter, huge masses of detached
ice floated upon the surface, or, sinking with the
weight of accumulated snow, rolled on with the
currents beneath. But when the tide flowed, the
foaming waves bore back the masses ; and meet-
ing others in a downward course, they congealed,
and accumulated to ponderous heaps, sinking or
destroying whatever crossed their course. In
summer the sandy sloughs offered but an insecure
foundation for a structure destined to bear the
transit of the heaviest ordnance and the muni-
tions necessary for the siege.
Over these difficulties the engineer the Marquis
of Roubais, at once a traitor to his adopted cause
and his country, found the means to triumph : he
commenced his unparalleled work, and laboured
like the unconscious insect at its own chrysalis. He
saw all difficulties surmounted ; but while he was
pursuing his work, the Italian Giambelli was ma-
turing his plans for destroying the marvellous
barrier. Ships without crews or rudders or masts
were sent adrift from the beleaguered city, and left
to the unstable guidance of the waves ; but they
bore within their holds the "Antwerp fire."
Some stranded on the way ; and the loitering
soldiery hastened from the banks to board them,
and learn the meaning of the floating logs ; others
approached the bridge. De Roubais waited there
the favoured but fatal moment, then leapt upon
the deck, followed by companions daring as him-
self. The bridge was crowded with wondering
troops. The Duke of Parma was hurried from
the scene, and to a moment saved. The explo-
sions followed : the bridge was riven in twain.
Thousands were scorched and killed, and Roubais
died, to fill a traitor's grave.
"The End of the War," as the scheme was
called, was accomplished ; but the Prince of
Orange had fallen, and none remained to grapple
with the prostrate foe.
The bridge was speedily repaired, and the brave
St. Aldogond, driven to the last extremity by
starvation, yielded Antwerp to the first general of
the age.
To gratify his soldiers' pride was the victor's
first thought. To dine with them upon the bridge,
the first great cause of his success, appeared the
proudest triumph he or they could feel. The
2nd S. N° 35., AUG. 30. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
175
thought was happy. An unmeasured and deso-
late plain — a mighty river — the distant towers of
the fallen city — the enfilading batteries with an
hundred guns — the wonder-working bridge itself,
now made the scene of hilarity, joy, and triumph —
all united, with the flush of victory, to produce
one common soul-inspiring ardour which has not
had its like again. H. D'AVENEY.
WILL OF RICHARD LINGARD.
(2nd S. ii. 104.)
Allow me to offer a few observations which may
throw some light upon the curious will of Richard
Lingard, printed in your number of the 9th of
this present month.
Dr. Richard Lingard, probably an Englishman,
went from the University of Cambridge to that of
Dublin, where he became a Fellow of Trinity
College, and Regius Professor of Divinity. In
1666, after he had been more than forty years in
holy orders, he was appointed Dean of Lismore
[not Rismore]) but held that dignity only four
years.
His death must have taken place within a very
short time after the signing of his will on Nov. 10,
1670 : as on the 29th of that month a patent was
granted to his successor in the deanery.
The circumstance of his will being proved in
the Court of York may be accounted for by his
possessing property in Cumberland, which is
within that province. It must also have been
proved in Ireland, either at Dublin or Waterford.
It is certainly a very curious document, and
although it is too indistinct to enable us to under-
stand all the particulars referred to, and probably
is disfigured through the lack of scholarship in
his man " Arthur Brinan whoe did write the said
hasty will ; " yet it is such an one as we may well
conceive a man dangerously ill and in great weak-
ness, to have dictated to his servant at his bed-
side, one clause following another without much
connexion of subject or distinctness of expression,
just as the several matters arose in his mind.
From his desire " to be buried where the parish
of St. Andrew shall appoint," I think it most
likely that he resided, and died, within that parish.
He was interred in Trinity College Chapel.
With respect to some of the persons and places
mentioned in the will, I may mention that
" The College," means Trinity College, Dublin.
" The Dean of Cork " was Dr. Thomas Vesey,
afterwards Archbishop of Tuam.
" The Library " means that of Trinity College.
" The Provost " was Dr. Thomas Seele, Dean
of St. Patrick's, Dublin.
"Mr. (or Dr.) Styles" probably was the Rev.
Henry Stiles, a prebendary of St. Patrick's.
" Mr. Crookes " perhaps was Mr. John Crooke,
an eminent printer and bookseller in Dublin at
that time.
" Patrick and William Sheridan" were brothers,
the Deans of Down [not Derry or Dromore~\ and
Connor [not Cork~\.
It does not well appear, whether the poor man
intended to ask forgiveness from them, or to im-
part it to them.
It would seem as if Dr. Lingard had been pre-
paring some literary work — some " notes " — for
publication ; and desired that a few — not more
than six — of his sermons should be inserted. I
am not aware whether this design was ever carried
out. He himself had printed one sermon, in de-
fence of the Liturgy of the Church of England
and Ireland, which he had preached before King
Charles II. 4to. London, 1668. And, two years
afterwards, he published A Letter of Advice to a
Young Gentleman leaving the University. 12mo.
1670. These are the only fruits of his pen which
I have heard of (see Fasti Ecclesicz Hibern., i.
169.). H. COTTON.
Thurles, Aug. 20.
THE TEN COMMANDMENTS.
(2nd S. i. 440 J
Professor Browne, as quoted by A. A. D., who
bestows his approbation upon the statement
by calling it " accurate," says : — " The second
commandment is joined with the first according
to the reckoning of the Church of Rome." Here
we have the first oversight in the " accurate
statement " of the professor. Holy Writ, while
it tells us that the words of the Law were ten
(Deut. iv. 13.), nowhere lets us know the pre-
cise way in which they were divided, nowhere
defines for us which is the first, which the second,
which is the ninth, which the tenth word or com-
mandment. From St. Austin's days, that is, since
the beginning of the fifth century, the Western
Church has used the same division of the com-
mandments as we Catholics now use. With re-
gard to England's practice, Alcuin and .ZElfric
show us that our Anglo-Saxon countrymen did as
we still do (Alcuini Opp. ed. Frobenio, i. 340 ;
^Elfric's Horns, ii. 199. 205.) ; and our national
councils held one at Lambeth, A. D. 1281, another
at Exeter, A.D. 1287 (Wilkins, Condi, ii. 55.
162.), witness for the same usage at a later period ;
not to mention such authorities as the Pupilla
Oculi, fol. clxii., and the Coventry Mysteries, p. 60.
The professor goes on to say : " It will be found
so united in the Masoretic Bibles ; the Masoretic
Jews dividing the tenth commandment (accord-
ing to our reckoning) into two." By "our" is
meant, of course, the present Protestant reckon-
ing of England. Not only have even Protestants
176
NOTES AND QUERIES.
OA S. N' 35., AUG. 30. '56.
divided, but there are some who still divide the
Decalogue exactly as we Catholics do. Cranmer
himself did so : in the A Catechismus, &c., set forth
by the mooste reverence Father in God, Thomas
Arch-Byshop of Canterbury," fyo., we read :
" These are the holy commaundmentes of the Lortl our
God. Thefirste. I am the Lord thy Qod, thou shalt have
none other Goddes but me. The Seconde. Thou shalt not
take the name," &c.
Though this catechism was dedicated to Edr
wartl VI., and " for the singular commoditie and
prosper of childre and yong people," the whole of
what, by Professor Browne's reckoning, js the
second commandment, is left out. The division
which Cramner followed in England, Luther fol-
lowed in Germany, and the Lutherans even yet
follow. In the Kirchenbuch fur Evangelische
Christen, Berlin, 1854, p. 23, is given " D. Martin
Luther's Kleiner Katechismus," and at the begin-
ning, we have the Ten Commandments thus :
" Das erste Gebot. Du sollst nicht andere Gotter haben.
Das sweite Gebot. Du sollst den Namen Deines Gottes
nicht unnuklich fuhren," &c.
Professor Browne observes that :
" What the Roman church deals unfairly in is, that she
teaches the commandments popularly only in epitome ;
and that, so having joined the first and the second to-
gether, she virtually omits the second, recounting them
in her catechisms, &c., thus: 1. Thou shalt have none
other gods but Me. 2. Thou shalt not take the name of
the Lord thy God in vain. 3. Remember," &c.
If there be any force in this objurgation, it is as
applicable to Cranmer and Luther of old, and to
the Lutherans of the present day, quite as muck
as to the " Roman Church."
" By this method her children," continues the Pro-
fessor, "and other less instructed members, are often
ignorant of the existence in the decalogue of a prohibition
against idolatry."
Be it borne in mind that, like ourselves, the
Lutherans set up images — crucifixes — in their
churches, and what is said of the Catholic is re-
ferable to the Lutheran wording of the command-
ments. But Professor Browne is wrong upon
more points than one respecting the teaching of
the Church, in the present, as well as olden time,
about the use of images, and the wording of the
commandments. Now, for the latter of these
subjects. The Abridgment of the Christian Doc-
trine is a little book, or First Catechism, out of
which every Catholic child, in this country, begins
to learn the rudiments of its religion : it con-
tains what, according to Catholic reckoning, is the
first commandment — that is the 6th, 7th, 8th,
and the beginning of the 9th verse of the 5th
chapter in Deuteronomy, at full length. To the
question : " What is forbidden by the first com-
mandment ? " the answer is : — " The first com-
mandment forbids us to worship false gods or
idols, or to give to any creature whatsoever the
honour which is due to God." To the question : —
" May we not pray to relics or images ? " the
answer is : — " No, by no means ; for they have
no life nor sense to help us." This catechism has
the bishop's imprimatur at the beginning, and is
thus set forth by authority. Before the method
qf instruction by catechisms was introduced, the
people of this land were not less carefully and
earnestly warned of " the existence in the deca-
logue of a prohibition against idolatry." What,
for instance, could be clearer or stronger than the
following words on the subject :
"Thyse bee ye x. tfcmimaundenientis of god — The
fyrst he commaundeth that thou have no god but him.
Ne that thou wortshyp, serve, ne give thy trust to none
other creature, ymage, ne thinge graven but only to him.
In this is forboden mamettry," &c. Quatuor Sermones, at
the end of the Liber Festivalis, sig, Y. ii., &c. DIVES
says : " In the fyrste commaundement as I have lerned,
god sayth thus: Thou shalte have none other strange
goddes before me. Thou shalte make to the no graven
thynge, no maumette, no lykenes that is in heven above,
ne that is bynethe in erthe, ne of any thynge that is in
the water under the erthe. Thou shalte not worshyp
them with thy bodye outwarde, ne within thy harte in-
ward." Among other things, PAUPEK says : " God for-
byddeth not utterly the makynge of y mages, but he
forbyddethe utterly for to make'ymages for to worshyppe
them as goddis, and to set theyr fayth, theyr truste, their
hope, their love, and their beleve in theym. For god
wyll have mans harte hole knytte to hym alone, for in him
is all our helpe and all our salvation." To an objection
of DIVES'S that "on palme sondaye at procession the
priest — saith thrise : Ave rex noster, hayle be thou our
kyng (before the rood), and so he worshippeth that image
as king." PAUPER answers : " God forbede. He speketh
not to the image, that the carpentar hath made, and the
pointer peinted, but if the prest be a fole, for that stock
or stone was never king, but he speakethe to hym that
died on the crosse for us all, to hym that is kynge of
all thynge." — A compendious treatyse or dialoge, &c.
The I. Command, chap. i. and chap. iv.
Among the publications of the Caxton Society,
there is a —
" Romance of englische of the begynnyng of the world,
and of al that a lewed man has nede for to knawe for hele
of soule. This romance (Chasteau d'Amour) turned a
munk of Sallay out of French romance that sir Robert
Bischop a lyncoln made, and eked mikel therto, as him
thought spedeful to edeficacion and swettenes of devocioun
and bering of leAved men."
In this so-called " romance " we are told of the
"ten commaundements " that —
" The first is to worschip on (one) god and no mo
This biddyng sal be understanden so
That it forbedes all mamettrie
And also all maner of sorcerie
Mammeutrie is to do creature that honour
That thou suld do all onely to thi creator
That is worschip for him self over all other thing
A seint sal thou worschip for he is his dertyng
Ymages in the kirk that thou on lokes
Are to the as to the clerk are his gode bokes
Thou sal not worschip thaim bot for thair sake
That thei bringe to thi mynd thi prayer to make."
Bishop Grossetete's Poems, now first edited by M.
Cooke, for the Caxton Society, pp. 133. 136.
2»* S. N' 35., AUG. 30. '56.]
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
177
Whether the substance of the above lines stood
part of the worthy bishop's original French, or
these verses be some of that " mikei " which the
Yorkshire Cistercian monk " eked therto " of his
own, certain is it that, in this as well as in the other
above-cited passages out of our old writers, we
have proof that the Ten Commandments were
then taught, not merely in epitome, but in full,
and that the Catholic church, in olden as well as
in these our days, instead of allowing " her chil-
dren and other less instructed members to be often
ignorant of the existence in the decalogue of a
prohibition against idolatry," always taught, as she
yet untiringly teaches, all her people, and more
especially the " lewed," the unlearned among them,
to keep themselves from " nmrnettrie," that is
idolatry, under every shape. D. ROCK.
Newick, Uckfield.
JUDITH CULPEPER.
(2nd S. ii. 130.)
The Judith Culpeper mentioned by your corre-
spondent Vox was not of the Hollingbourne, but
of the Wakeherst (co. Sussex) branch of the
family. The enclosed extract from a pedigree
in my possession will show her position in the
family. Judith married, secondly, Christopher
Mason, Captain, R.N. Sir William, her son, was
buried at St. James's, Westminster, and at his
death the title became extinct.
Sir Edward Culpeper of Wakeherst, Sussex, Knt.
Sir Wm. Culpeper, created Ba.rt.
(iin Cul
Sir Edward Culpeper, Bart.
Sir Benjamin Culpeper,
Bart., ob. 1671.
I Benjamin Cul-=Judith, daughter of Win.
John Gulpeper. peper, ob. vita Wilson of Eastbourne, co,
patris. Sussex, Esq.
Benjamin, o. s. p.
Sir Wm. Culpeper, Bart.,
who about 1694-95 alienated Wakeherst to
Dionysius Denys Lyddell, Esq., and died
28th Mar. 1740, s. p.
There was another Judith Culpeper of an earlier
date. She was the daughter of Sir Thomas Cul-
peper of Hollingbourne, and became the second
wife of Sir John Culpeper in 1681. This Sir
John was created Baron Culpeper of Thoresway,
by letters patent dated Oct. 21, 1644, and died in
1660.
Should your correspondent be willing to dis-
pose of Judith's letter, I should be glad to acquire
it, as I am anxious to collect all the relics I can
find relating to the Culpeper family. My mother
is the daughter of the late John Spencer Culpeper
of Tenterden, co. Kent, and of Woodford Hall,
co. Essex, Esq. ; and should your correspondent
desire any farther information respecting this an-
cient, noble, and once wide^ spreading family, I
shall be most happy to communicate with him.
Whilst I am on the subject, may I ask whether
your correspondent, or any of your readers, can
give me a clue to the recovery of a number of
family papers (amongst which was the patent of
peerage) deposited for safety many years since by
my grandfather, J. S. Culpeper, Esq., with a Mr.
Sarel, a solicitor, formerly of Arundel or Surrey
Street, Strand. I have a list of these papers, but
have sought for them in vain.
WILLIAM H. MORLEY.
15. Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn.
The second wife of John Lord Colepeper, Chan-
cellor of the Exchequer and Master of the Rolls
to Charles I., who died in the month of July after
the Restoration, was Judith, daughter of Sir
Thomas Colepeper of Hollingbourn, Knt. One
of their daughters was also named Judith, who
married a relative of the same name.
The writer of the letter communicated by Vox
is no doubt one of these : and if the former, as is
most probable from the date, the brother referred
to would be Sir William, the first baronet of
Preston Hall. If the latter, the brother would be
Thomas, the second Baron Colepeper.
EDWARD Foss.
ta
Gardner E. Zillibridge (2nd S. i. 74.) — Into
Jjittell's Living Age, which is a weekly magazine,
containing 64 pages about the size of those of
" N. & Q.," and which is made up principally of
the choice articles of the English reviews, maga-
zines, and journals, I occasionally copy articles
from <* N". & Q.," among which was a Query about
Mr. Lillibridge, which brings me the enclosed
explanation, now duly forwarded to your pleasant
journal. E. LITTELL.
Boston, April 16, 1856.
To the Editor of LittelVs Living Age.
" Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, Ap. 12th, 1856.
" MR. EDJTOR,
" In the last number of your serial, you inquire for
information in respect to Mr. Lillibridge ; and, as. it is in
my power to impart some little, I herewith communicate
it, in the shape of an original letter from the gentleman
himself. You are at liberty to make such use of it as
youjnay deem proper. The person to whom it was adr
dreSed was, at that time, a prominent and influential
member of this community, but died within the past year.,
The letter referred to, and which I enclose, fell into my
hands in the course of my professional duties as the
attorney of Mr. Seller's estate.
" Respectfully,
" A. J. HERB." ~
" Harrisburg, Feb. 10, 1827.
" Pardon the liberty I take in presenting you, among
other friends of the Drama, with a Copy of Tancred in its
new though unpolished dress. I have to beg your indul-
gence for the many errors that escaped my notice when
178
NOTES AND QUERIES.
S. N" 35., AUG. 30. '56.
the work was put to press, and which may be attributed
to my infancy in Literature. It has never yet been re-
presented on any stage, and I feel confident that Harris-
burg will do me the honor of welcoming my maiden pro-
duction to her boards, with no other commendation from
me than the mere relation of a fact by way of anecdote
and coincidence ; that their humble candidate for public
favor first compiled, set the type, pressed and stitched the
work, and he is now about to play the Hero of the piece
at its first representation. Will you but smile upon my
exertions, after you have perused my little offering, you
may prompt me to attempt again at some future period.
" I only regret that my claim for public favor is not
greater. " I need not add, that the piece shall be got up
in a style that must warrant it acceptable.
" Due notice will be given when it shall.be bro't for-
ward, which will be but for one night only, "
« Your Obt. Servt.,
" G. R. LlLLIBRIDGE."
" Jacob Seiler, Esq.
Money enclosed in Seal of Legal Documents
(2nd S. ii. 129.) — In Miss Edgeworth's admirable
tale of Patronage, at the 42nd chapter, an interest-
ing account is given of a sixpence being placed
under the seal affixed to an old deed, on which
incident is made to depend one of the chief points
of the story. N. L. T.
Port Jackson (2nd S. ii. 77.) — The epitaph on
Sir George Jackson's monument in Bishops Stort-
ford Church, Herts, states that " Captain Cook, of
whom he was a zealous friend and early patron,
named after him Point Jackson in New Zealand,
and Port Jackson in New South Wales." Sir
George died Dec. 15, 1822, aged ninety-seven
years. This testimony ought to be decisive on
the subject. J. E. J.
Colmans "Iron Chest" (2nd S. ii. 70.) —I also
possess a copy of this play ; but it has this ad-
vantage over the one mentioned by JTJVERNA, that
besides the celebrated preface, it also contains the
no less celebrated postscript, commencing " Inveni
Portum," and written a few months afterwards,
when the play had been produced at the Hay-
market, and the principal character had been
undertaken by Mr. Elliston. The year of pub-
lication is the same (1796) ; but the edition is that
of Messrs. Cadell and Davies, the printer being
Mr. Woodfall. Sir Walter Scott, in his Life of
Kemble, says : " The preface was so effectually
cancelled, that the price of a copy in which it
remains astounds the novice when it occurs in the
sale-room." I question, however, whether Sir
Walter was not quite as much misinformed as
Mr. Jones (JBiograph. Dramatica), who says that
30s. or even 40.s. have been paid for a copy of it.
Mine is at the disposal of any of your correspond-
ents for half the latter amount. N. L. T.
English Words terminating in " -il" (2nd S. ii.
47. 119.) — In addition to those words, for which
I have to thank your correspondent T, J. E., five
more have been suggested to me by a friend :
anvil, daffodil, fossil, pastil, and weevil. My object,
lowever, was not so much to prove " the small
number" of English words of this termination, as
:o remark on the erroneous modern pronunciation
of two words so terminating. The additional
words, which have been suggested to me, assist in
confirming my argument. With the exception of
weevil, which is generally pronounced weevle, all
the others are formed from words bearing the
same termination in the languages from which
they are severally derived ; and they are therefore
properly sounded as if they ended in -ill ; but the
Teutonic Saxon origin and sound of devil, evil,
and weevil, seem to prove the propriety of the
established against the new pronunciation. If more
English words can oe discovered with this termin-
ation, which is by no means improbable, I feel no
doubt of their giving additional force to my de-
fence of the old way of speaking and reading.
E. C. H.
" When you go to Rome, do as Rome does "
(2nd S. ii. 129.) —The fragment given by M. C.
is inaccurate in representing St. Monica's doubt
to have taken place in Rome, and that St. Au-
gustin went to Milan to consult St. Ambrose, for
all the parties were at Milan at the time. To save
M. C. further trouble, I will transcribe St. Au-
gustin's account of the matter, which occurs in his
"Epistle XXXVI. to Casulanus : "
" Indicabo tibi quid mihi de hoc requirenti respondent
venerandus Ambrosius, a quo baptizatus sum, Mediola-
nensis episcopus. Nam cum in eadem civitate mater mea
mecum esset, et nobis adhuc catechumenis parum ista
curantibus, ilia solicitudinem gereret utrum secundum
morem nostrae civitatis (Tagaste) sibi esset Sabbato je-
junandum, an ecclesiae Mediolanensis more prandendam,
ut hac earn cunctatione liberarem, interrogavi hoc supra-
dictum hominem Dei. At ille, . . . ' Quando hie
sum, non jejuno Sabbato; quando Romae sum, jejuno
Sabbato : et ad quamcumque ecclesiam veneritis,' inquit,
'ejus morem servate, si pati scandalum non vultis aut
facer e.' "
Hence came the proverb, " Cum Romse fuerit,
Romano vivito more." F. C. H.
Did the Greek Surgeons extract Teeth ? (l§t S.
x. 256.) — The above question has received some
elucidation in the columns of " N. & Q." Having
recently been consulted by a Russian gentleman,
the conversation turned upon that splendid work
on Crimean Antiquities, published by order of the
Emperor of Russia, as alluded to in your columns
by Dr. Lotsky. My informant tells me that on one
of the ornaments found in the ancient buildings of
the Crimea, is represented a surgeon drawing a
tooth from the mouth of one of the barbarian
royalties. This, I think, establishes the fact that
there were then peripatetic, either Egyptian or
Greek, dentists, who resorted to ^ those distant
countries for the purpose of practising their art.
2nd S. N° 35., AUG. 30. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
179
I believe this is the only representation .of a sur-
gical operation to be met with on ancient sculp-
ture, and hope some of our illustrated periodicals
will reproduce copies of this, as well as other in-
teresting subjects contained in the above work.
GEORGE HAYES.
Conduit Street.
Mortgaging the Dead (2nd S. ii. 128.) —In the
absence of any notice from your correspondents
of the " conjecture " advanced in this article in
reference to the object of the law therein alluded
to, I am induced to ask on what authority such
an opinion, contravening as it does, though with
some plausibility, the statement of Herodotus, is
supposed to be founded. I do not recollect if
Mr. Pettigrew in his Egyptian Mummies, where
appears an interesting account of this law of 'arrest,
as it is termed, notices the irreconcileableness of
the two opinions. As I am unable to refresh my
memory by any immediate reference to that work,
perhaps some of your correspondents, who may
have it in their possession, would oblige me by
giving me the benefit of their remarks on this ob-
vious discrepancy. In Beloe's translation (lib. ii.
c. 136.) appears the following foot-note on the
passage referred to :
" The laws of England allow the arrest of a person's
dead body till his debts are paid: this mentioned by
Herodotus is the first example perhaps on record of such
a custom.' But see Burn's Justice of the Peace : ' A vulgar
and erroneous notion once prevailed that a dead body
might be arrested for debt, but such a proceeding is
clearly illegal and indictable.' Lord Ellenborough said :
' To seize a dead body upon any such pretence would
be contra bonos mores, and an extortion on the relatives.
It is contrary to every principle of law and moral feeling ;
and such an act is revolting to humanity and illegal ' " —
Vol. i. p. 414.
F. PHILLOTT.
Viner's " Abridgment" (2nd S. ii. 85.)— A more
extensive edition of Bibliotheca Legum Anglice
was published "London, 1788," in two parts or
volumes : the first " compiled by John Worrall,"
and the second " compiled by Edward Brooke."
At p. 4. of 1st part, Miner's Abridgment (noticed
by Mr. Knowles) is stated at 24 vols. fol., 1741-
1751, 311. 10s. The work appears to have been
completed by Mr. Viner in 1788 ; and, no doubt,
arrangements had been made with the booksellers
for its disposal, and all delicacy as to naming a
price had melted away.
Mr. Worrall subjoins the critical opinion of
Mr. Hargrave on this " immense body of law and
equity." I believe few out of the legal profession
will be disposed to dip much into the profound
abyss. A point or two mentioned by Mr. Worrall
may here be added as rather special to Mr. Viner's
folios :
" It is observable that the learned and laborious com-
piler of this Abridgment, not only had the work printed
under his own inspection (by agreement with the law
patentees) at his house at Aldershot in Hampshire, but that
the paper was also manufactured under his direction, as
appears by a peculiar water-mark describing the number
of the volume, or the initials of C. V."
These modes had probably been adopted by
Mr. Viner to prevent fraud on his collection of
legal treasure. A curious instance of an attempt
at security in another form is to be seen in Le
Monde Enchante of Balthasar Bekker, Doctor in
Theology, and pastor at Amsterdam, 1694. In
his Epitre, he says :
" Je declare que je n'en reconnois point d'autres que
ceux qui sont sousigne's de moi comme celui-ci, ou je
vous assure de ma propre main que je suis," &c.
and unmistakeably he appends his autograph to
each of his four volumes. The patent medicine
gentlemen seem now to be the only persons who
attest their productions to the public after this
fashion. G. X.
MS. of (Thomas a Kempis, or rather of} the
" De Imitatione " (2nd S. i. 493.) — The Codex de
Advocatis is briefly noticed in the preface to an
edition of the De Imitatione by Joannes Hrabi-
eta, altera editio, Gera3 et Lipsise, 1847, p. ix., and
to which I referred your readers at vol. ix. p. 87.,
1st S. Of course the authorship of Thomas a
Kempis is denied. The information in that preface
seems to be taken from a work entitled :
" Memoire sur le ve'ritable Auteur de PImitation de
Jesus-Christ ; par G. de Gregory, Chevalier de la Legion
d'Honneur, etc. Paris, 1827."
If your correspondent QUIDAM consults that
edition of the De Imitatione, which is one of the
stereotyped editions in small quarto so common at
all the book-stalls, he should be careful to distin-
guish it from another edition very similar, and
better in some respects, but with a different
preface.
H. P.
"Baalbec" (2nd S. ii. 114.)— The derivation of
Baalbec appears to me to be from the Phoenician
Irish Baal-beact, i. e. "the sun circle :" as it was
no doubt originally one of those vast circular
earthen embankments with upright stones and
an altar in the centre, such as the Phoenicians
erected at Amesbury ; also at the Giant's Ring,
near Belfast ; and at Greenan Mountain, co. Do-
negal. The name of the latter particularly car-
ries us back to remote antiquity : Griaji, i. e.
Grynceus, and An, i. e. Ain, a circle. Thus we
have a connecting link between these islands and
Asia Minor from the most ancient times, when
the Phosnicians penetrated to these shores through
the pillars of Hercules. It is curious to note that
to this day Baal is a name of the sun in Irish :
as in Bel-ain, a year, i. e. " sun circle ; " and La
Bal~tinne, Midsummer Day, i. e. " the day of the
fire of Baal," from the huge bonfires that are to
this day lighted on that anniversary.
FBAS. CROSSLET.
180
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2
., AUG. 30. '56.
" A sunbeam passes through pollution unpolluted.1"
(2nd S. i. 114. 304. 442. 502.)— Diogenes Laertius,
in his Life of Diogenes the Cynic (§ 63.), records
the following saying of that philosopher :
" Ilpbs rbf oi'eiSi'fovTa OTI ei? TOTTOVS aKa.Qa.pTOv; elffuH, Kit
yap 6 rjA.10?, e(£ij, els tovs airoriaTOvs, a\\' ov /onaiverac." •
ZEUS.
Great Heat (2nd S. 11. 131.) — To us, in Scot-
land, it is an extraordinary idea to compare the
heat of 1856 to that of 1826, as your correspon-
dent KARL seems inclined to do. Here rain has
fallen almost daily all summer, and the air felt
cold, the thermometer seldom exceeding 70°. In
1826 the air was dry and the heat intense for
three months. The disastrous consequence to
the crops was, that oats on light soils were pulled
by hand, and barley was with difficulty mown
with either sickle or scythe. The straw of the
wheat was short, but was capable of being reaped
and shocked. There was very little hay, and the
pastures were burnt up, the cattle being half
starved. And yet sheep never throve better than
in that season, and wheat was of the finest quality,
not a single grain being unfilled in the ear. No
such state of crops has occurred since 1826. As
to potatoes, they were scanty, but of fine quality,
and at that time no dire disease had overtaken
them. The turnips were small and hard. For
want of straw and turnips the stock were with
difficulty brought through the ensuing winter.
Having some acres of rough boggy land in Forfar-
shire, I had a considerable quantity of its coarse
hay to support my stock upon, and they devoured
it with avidity. " HENRY STEPHENS.
Grain Crops (2nd S. ii. 88.) — There is no
doubt that when the straw becomes ripe at the
root, before the ear, that the crop may be cut
down, with the advantages of securing it against
shaking by the wind, and of ripening the ear in
the shock. Such always occurs in early and fa-
vourable seasons ; but in late seasons the ear
ripens before any part of the straw, in which case
early cutting would find the straw in too green a
state. It will not, therefore, do to wait in all
seasons for the ripening of the straw at the root.
Whatever be the state of the straw, it is safest to
reap grain crops before the maturing of the ear,
and not run the risk of a wind-shake, which at
times is very disastrous, especially in Scotland.
No loss will arise from cutting straw in a greenish
state. One year I cut down a ridge of potato
oats, quite filled, it is true, but in a very fresh
green state, to make a way for hay to be built
into a stack in a convenient place. Both straw
and grain ripened fully in the shock, and afforded
the most beautiful sample of each I ever saw.
HENRY STEPHENS.
" Hey Johnny ^ Cope" (2nd S. ii. 135.) — The
original air of this song was composed by Thomas
Connallon, the Irish harper, in 1660, in honour of
" Lady Iveagh." Thotoas Connallon was born at
Cloonmahon, co. Sligo, in 1640 ; and in after life
he settled at Edinburgh. He introduced into
Scotland the fine aif of " Lochabar," which was
composed by Miles O'Reilly, harper, of Killincarn,
co. Cavan, as " a lament for the battle of Augh-
rim." O'Reilly was born in 1635. I shall °be
happy to send DR. RIMBAULT the score of " Lady
Iveagh," if he desires it. FRAS. CROSSLEY.
Ancient British Saints (2nd S> ii. 68.) — Two of
the saints of whom MB. BYNG speaks are noticed
in A Memorial of Ancient British Piety, or a
British Martyrology, London, 1761 ; and the third,
" Judicael," whose feast-day is December 16, is
enumerated in the — -
" Elenchus Sanctorum Beatorum et aliquot Venera-
bilium quorum acta in persecutioue opens Bollandiani
elucidanda videntuh"
D. ROCK.
BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES
WANTED TO PURCHASE.
Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct to
the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and ad-
dresses are given for that purpose :
LITERAL TRANSLATION OF THE ROMAN PSALTER. 1st Part. (N.B. This
was never published or completed.) By Robert Williams. Printed
about 1845.
"Wanted by W. J. B. Richards, 20- Charterhouse Square, London.
THB VOLUME op NOTES TO HARGRAVE AND BUTLER'S COKE'S LITTLE-
TON. Ed. 1794.
Wanted by W. G. Banner, Slater Street, Liverpool.
ESSAYS ON UNIVERSAL ANALOGV. Parti. §.1. Lond., 1827.
FEUCHT ERSLF.BEN'S DIETETICS OF THE SOUL. Lend. Churchill.
ALSTEDII THEOLOOIA NATURALIS.
Wanted by J— fir., care of Messrs. Ponsonby, Booksellers, Grafton
Street, Dublin.
to
We have so many REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES waiting for insertion
that we have postponed until next week our usual NOTES ON BOOKS. Our
next Number mn contain an interesting Letter by Dean Swift, and some,
curious additions to our series O/POPIA'NA.
MODERN JUDAISM. DELTA, whose Query on this subject appeared ai
p. 148. of last week's Number, is requested to say where a letter may be
addressed to him.
W. W. (Malta.) Received and duly fonvarded. L. is letter.
EIN FRAOER. If a letter is sent to us for this Correspondent it shall
be forwarded.
INDEX TO THE FIRST SERIES. As tJiis is now published, and the im-
pression is a limited one, such of our readers as desire copies would do
well to intimate their wish to their respective booksellers without delay.
Our publishers, MESSRS. BELL & DALDV, will forward copies by post on
receipt of a Post Office Order for Five Shillings.
"NOTES AND QPERIKS" is published at noon on Friday, so that the
Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and
deliver them to their Subscribers on the Saturday.
" NOTES AND QUERIES " is also issued in Monthly Parts, for the con-
venience of those who may either have a difficulty in procuring the un-
stamped weekly Numbers, or prefer receiriinj it ninntluy. While parties
resident in the country or abroad, who man be desirous of receiving the
pence for six months, which may be paid by Poit Office Order, drawn in
favour of the Publisher, MR. GEO'ROB BELL, No. 186. Fleet Street.
2nd S. N« 36., SEPT. 6. '56. ]
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
181
LONDON, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 6, 1856.
POPIANA.
Popes Letters to Cromwell. — A writer in The
Athenaeum some two or three years since gave
some curious specimens of the manner in which
Pope doctored his published correspondence. I
have just found another illustration of it, which
furnishes at the same time what I think must be
a satisfactory proof that the Familiar Letters to
Henry Cromwell, Esq., by Mr. Pope, which are
included by Pope and Warburton in the " Cata-
logue of Surreptitious and Incorrect Editions of
Mr. Pope's Letters," as published in 1727, were
really published about that time, although it is
understood that no copy of such an edition can be
found either in the British Museum, the Bodleian,
or in the library of any known collector of Pope's
works.
The proof I refer to is found in the Dedication
to a Satirical Poem published in 1728, and the
title of which I may as well give at length : " The
Knight of the Kirk, or the Ecclesiastical Adven-
tures of Sir John Presbyter :
" French Eplques and Burlesque the Age adorn,
And Ordination sounds the Church's horn."
Incerti Auth.
The Second Edition. London : Printed for M.
Smith in Cornhill 1728. (Price Is. 6d.) "
This Dedication is addressed " To Messieurs
Courayer and Voltaire," and concludes with the
following :
" P. S. Alexander Pope, Esq., in his FAMILIAR LETTERS
to Henry Cromwell, Esq., pag. 50. and 51., hath in Honour
of the Church, made the following Comparison between
Clergymen and Constables, viz. :
" ' PRIESTS indeed in their Character, as they represent
GOD, are sacred ; and so are CONSTABLES as they repre-
sent the KING ; but you will own a great many of them
are very odd Fellows, and the Devil a Bit of Likeness in
'em. And so much for PRIESTS in general, now for TRAPP
in particular, whose Translations from Ovid I have not so
good an Opinion of as 3rou ; but as to the Psalm, he has
paraphrased, I think David is much more beholden to
him than Ovid, and as he treated the Roman like the Jew,
so he has made the Jew speak like a Roman.'
" THESE LETTERS of MR. POPE'S are in Two Volumes,
Price but 5s., and ought to be read in all Christian Fa-
milies.
" SPEEDILY will be publish'd FAMILIAR LETTERS. The
last Volume by Mr. POPE and Company. Price 2*. 6d."
So stood most probably the passage in the original
letter. But when it came to be revised for an
authorised edition, Trapp's name was altogether
omitted. For at p. 104. of The Works of Alex-
ander Pope, Esq. Vol. V. Consisting of Letters
wherein to those of the Author's own Edition, are
added all that are genuine from the former Impres-
sions, with some never before printed. London:
Printed for J. Roberts, MDCCXXXVII. ; as also in
Warburton's edition (1751), vol. vii. pp. 136 —
137, the concluding passage reads as follows : —
" Yet I can assure you, I honour the good as much as
I detest the bad, and I think, tHat in condemning these,
we praise those. The translations from Ovid I have not
so good an opinion of as you, because I think they have
little of the main characteristic of this author, a graceful
easiness. For let the sense be ever so exactly render'd,
unless an author looks like himself, in his air, habit, and
manner, 'tis a disguise, and not a translation. But as to
the Psalm, I think David is much more beholden to the
translator than Ovid ; and as he treated the Roman like
a Jew, so he has made the Jew speak like a Roman."
But it is also curious that while the letter itself
is altogether omitted from Pope's acknowledged
edition, the 4to. of 1735, it occurs in Curll's
edition of Pope's Letters, published in that same
year, 1735 (vol. i. pp. 299, 300.), and also in the
edition "Printed and sold by the Booksellers of
London and Westminster, MDCCXXXV." (pp. 150,
151.), with another reading, making a third ver-
sion of this same passage :
" Yet I can assure you, I honor the good as much as I
detest the bad, and I think, that in condemning these,
we praise those. I am so far from esteeming even the
worst unworthy of my protection, that I have defended
their character (in Congreve's and Vanbrugh's Plays)
even against their own Brethren. And so much for
Priests in general, now for Trapp in particular, whose
Translations from Ovid I have not so good an opinion of
as you -, not (I will assure you) from any sort of prejudice
to him as a Priest, but because I think he has little of the
main characteristick of his Author, a graceful easiness.
For let the sense be ever so exactly rendered, unless an
Author looks like himself, in his air, habit, manner, 'tis a
Disguise and not a Translation. But as to the Psalm, I
think David is much more beholden to him than, Ovid;
and as he treated the Roman like a Jew, so he has made
the Jew speak like a Roman."
If you agree with me in thinking this little fact
deserves the attention of Pope's intending
editors, you will perhaps give it a corner in " N".
& Q." C. P.
" Rape of the Lock? — A correspondent (1st S.
iv. 315.), speaking of Upton Court, which be-
longed to the Perkins' family, refers to a tradition
" that Pope wrote the Rape of the Loch there :"
and he wishes to know, " if any of your corre-
spondents can confirm this fact from authentic
evidence?" I think not. The poem was written
and published, and remodelled and republished
with a Dedication, before Arabella Fermor of
Tusmore became Mrs. Perkins of Upton Court.
I know of no circumstance that should lead us to
infer that Pope even knew Mr. Perkins before the
marriage; none that he visited him after the mar-
riage. I doubt indeed whether Pope knew the
lady when the poem was written ; and, though he
had certain formal communications with her about
the Dedication, I do not remember any circum-
stances that should lead us to believe that he
182
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd S. NO 36., SEPT. 6. '56.
visited at Tusmore. The poem, as the poem itself
certifies, was suggested by-Caryll, a friend to the
parties, in the hope or reconciling them. It was
struck off at a heat, as Pope told Spcnce. Pope
certainly, at the time it was written, did not know
Lord Petrie; and the presentation copies to both
Lord Petrie and Mrs. Fermor were forwarded
through Mr. Bedingfield. Bedingfield's letter to
Pope on this subject is still preserved amongst the
Homer MSS. in the British Museum. Here is
an extract. The writer was suffering from the
gout, and obliged to be brief: —
" Gray Inn, May 26tli, 1712.
" Sr, Last night I had \° favour of yrs of yc eleventh
Instant, and, according; to yr directions therein, I have
enclosed the copy for Lord Petre and for Mrs. Belle Fer-
inor; she is out of Towne, and therefore all I can do is to
leave her pacquet at her lodging . . . ."
Pope and Warburton. — In the correspondence
which took place in 1854, C. suggested (1st S. x.
109.), that your correspondents should "look out
sharply for any set, or even odd volumes, which
could have belonged to the edition tliat Pope and
"Warburton were preparing." I therefore trouble
you with this communication. About the publi-
cation of The Dunciad, prepared for that edition,
there c:in be no doubt. You refer to it in your
Notes (1st S. x. •619.), and you quote the an-
nouncement on the back of the title-page :
" Speedily will be published, in the same paper and
character, to be bound up with this [copy of The Dun-
ciad^, The Kssay on Man, The Essay on Criticism, and
the rest of the author's original Poems, with the Com-
mentaries and Notes of W. Warburton, M.A."
I suspect that the question raised relates to an
edition of " the rest of the author's original Poems ;"
but I think it right to inform you that I lately
purchased a quarto volume, containing a copy of
*' The Dunciad, Sfc., 1 743 ; An Essay on Man, being
the First Tlooh of Ethic Epistles to H. St. John
L. Bolingbroke. With the Commentary and Notes
of W. Warburton, A.M. London, printed by W.
IBowyer, for M. Cooper, at the Globe in Pater-
noster-row, MDCCXLHI."; and "An Essay on Criti-
cism. Written in the year MDCCIX. With the Com-
mentary and Notes of W. Warburton, A.M."
These several works have eacii a separate
paging, but are " in the same paper and cha-
racter." The volume is in the original binding,
and lettered " Pope's Dunciad, Essay on Man and
Criticism:' P. A. W.
Pope at Cambridge. — Johnson, in his Life of
J3rootne, says that Broome was introduced to Pope
when Pope was on si visit to Sir John Cotton's, at
Madingley, near Cambridge, and gained so much
of his esteem that he was employed to make ex-
tracts from Emtathius for the notes to the Iliad.
This meeting at Sir John Cotton's must therefore
have taken place in or before, say, 1720. It is
not probable that Pope would have been at Mad-
ingley without visiting Cambridge. Is there any
evidence that he was at Cambridge at or about
that time, or at any time ? CAMB.
Epigram on the Frontispifce to " The Dunciad"
— I found the following epigram on a fly-leaf of
The Dunciad, 8vo. edition, 1729. The copyist
states that it appeared in The Daily Gazetteer,
about Dec. 18, 1738:
"Pallas for Wisdom priz'd her favorite Owl,
Pope for its Dulness chose the self-same Fowl :
Which shall we choose, or which shall we despise,
If Pop* is wittv, Pallas is not wise."
P. D.
INED1TED LETTER FROM DEAN SWIFT ON THE
DEATH OF MRS. LONG.
I enclose 3rou a copy of an unpublished letter of Dean
Swift. I do not find Ann Long mentioned in the pedigree
of Long of Westminster given in Burke's Kxtinct Baro-
netcies. Does it appear that the Dean carried out his in-
tention of erecting a monument in Lynn church to his
frieqd's memory ? J. P.
Stamford.
To the Rev. Mr. Pyle, Minister of Lynn,
Norfolk.
Sir, London, Dec. 26, 1711.
That you may not be surprised with a letter
from a person uttgrly unknown to you, I will im-
mediately tell you the occasion of it. The Lady
who lived near two years in your neighbourhood,
and whom you were so kind sometimes to visit,
under the name of Mrs. Smith, was Ann Long,
sister to Sr James Long and niece to Colonel
Strangeways. She w"as of as good a private family
as most in England, and had every valuable quality
both of body and mind that could make a lady
loved and esteemed. Accordingly she was always
valued here above most of her sex, and by the
most distinguished persons ; but by the unkind-
ness of her friends and generosity of her own
nature, and depending on the death of a very old
Grandmother which did not happen till it was too
late, she contracted some debts that made her un-
easy here, and in order to clear them was content
to retire to your Town, where I fear her death was
hastened by melancholy, and perhaps for want of
such assistance as she might have had here.
I thought fit to signify this to you, partly tolctt
you know how valuable a person you have lost, but
chiefly to desire that you will bury her in some
part of your church, near a wall where a plain
marble stone may be fixt, as a poor monument for
one who deserved so well, and which, if God sends
me life, I intend one day to place there, if no other
of her friends will think fitt to do it.
2nd S. NO 36., SjiPT. G. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
183
I had the Honor to be intimately acquainted
with her, and was never so sensibly touched with
any one's death as with hers, neither did i ever
know a person of either sex with more virtues or
fewer intirmitys, the only one she had (which was
the neglect of her own aff") arising only from the
goodness of her temper.
I write not this at all as a secret, but am con-
tent your Town should know what an excellent
person they have had among them.
If you visited her any short time before her
death, or know any particulars about it, as of the
state of her mind, or the nature of her disease, I
beg you will be so obliging as to inform me. Jb'or
the letter we received from her poor maid is so
imperfect by her grief for the loss of so good a
Lady, that it only tells the time of her death, &c.
Your letter may be directed to me at the Earl of
Dartmouth's House at Whitehall.
I hope you will forgive this trouble for the
occasion of it, and give some allowances to so
great a loss not only to me but to all who have
any regard for every perfection that Human Na-
ture can possess ; and if in any way I can serve or
oblige you I shall be glad of an opportunity of
obeying your commands.
I am, Sr,
Your most hble Servant,
JONATHAN SWIFT.
ILLUSTRATIONS OF MACAULAT.
The following broadsides I found in the copy of
The History of Passive Obedience, in which were
transcribed the two sets of verses communicated
by me to (t N. & Q." of the 23rd August. J. B.
" The New Oath Examined, and found Guilty:'
" Since Oaths are Solemn, Serious Things,
The best Security to Kings ;
And since we'ave all Allegiance swore
To J as King, or Successor ;
I can't imagine, how we may
Swear that or Fealty away.
Nought sure but Death or Resignation
Can free us from that Obligation.
All Oaths are vain, both those and these,
If we may break 'em, as we please.
And did I fairly swallow both,
Who'de give a Farthing for my Oath ?
If you affirm, as many do,
They both consistent are, and true.
I ask, Can you Two Masters serve,
And never from your Duty swerve ?
Or can you True Allegiance bear
To Two at once, and not forswear?
What's due to J if W have,
And J have what you W gave ?
It's plain, you're false to both, and shou'd)
Or take no Oaths, or make 'em good, >
Which here you cannot, if you wou'd. J
Nor will these Oaths, as some contend,
To your own private Meaning bend.
You swear to each as to a King,
And ought to mean ,the self same Thing.
And 'tis Allegiance Full and True
Is sworn to both, to both as due.
To say, The People have a Right)
Kings to depose, as they'see fit,
Is Popery, or as bad as it. J
There is no Law, or Charter for't :
Kings can't be try'd in any Court.
Bradshaiv's High Court hud but the Name
Of Justice, and was Bradshaw's Shame.
But that's by all condemn'd
Or he that d'ares such Presidents plead,)
Deserves, like him, to lose his Head, >
And hang for't, or alive or dead. J
Now to condemn the King untry'd,
Seems something worse than Bradshaw did.
'Tis English Priviledge to be heard,
Before the Judge can give Award.
I know, some Conquest plead, and say,
The King was driv'n and fore* d away.
Convention though pleads Abdication,
Because unforc'd he left the Nation.
Hard 'tis these Things to reconcile :
He chose to leave us 'gainst his Will.
These Pleas and Proofs are opposite,
And cannot both be True and Right :
A Sign their Cause is desperate,
They'd something say, but know not what.
Their Non-agreement is enough
To shew each Plea of theirs wants proof.
Now as for Conquest, Why shou'd we
Make Slaves of People that are Free ?
Why shou'd we make so much ado
'Bout what Prince ne'er pretended to?
He from Convention took the Crown :
Convention plac'd him in the Throne :
Convention gave him all his Pow'r:
Convention made the Oaths you swore.
And therefore if to him we'de swear,
'Tis as their High Commissioner.
And if they have no Right to chuse,
We may Allegiance refuse.
We may and ought to keep 't entire
For Lawful King, and Lawful Heir.
If People say, they have such Right :
They ought to shew how they came by't.
If People made their Sov'reign Lord,
They ought to shew it by Record.
The Law oTth' Land says no such Thing :
By Law Succession makes the King.
They can't plead Scripture, if the}' wou'd ;
The Scripture says, All Power's from God.
God says himself, By me Kings Reign ;
'Tis he doth Higher Powders Ordain.
'Tis he doth make them all Supveam ;
The People's Choice is People's Dream.
Nor can you prove by Law of Nature,
That Princes are the People's Creature.
'Tis plain, the People never gave
What they ne're had, nor cou'd they have ;
I mean, the Power, which Princes bear :
If People had it, make't appear,
And tell us who, and when, and where..
Our King has Pow'r o're Subjects Lives,
By Law he takes away, or gives.
The Sword the People never bore,
They ne're o're their own Lives had Pow'r.
Self-Murder never was ailow'd
By Law of Nature, or of God.
Wherefore the Pow'r which Kings have now,
The People never cou'd bestow.
184
KOTES AND QUERIES.
s. NO 36., SEPT. 6. '56,
P
"}
iic aisiute.
'ore, "i
j're concur, V
Pow'r? j
Indeed for Self-Defence to fight
'Gainst private Foes wap Nature's Right.
They ever had it, and'still have it,
And" therefore to their Prince ne're gave it.
Besides, the Magistrate's empowr'd
In other cases t'use the Sword.
Though Vengeance is the Subject's Crime,
It's very innocent in him.
Vengeance belongs to God alone :
Who has it not from God, has none.
In state of Nature People were 1
All free and equal, and cou'd ne're ;>
That Pow'r possess, much less confer. J
No, 'tis the Prince God s place supplies : '
'Tis his Prerogative to chastise
The Kvil, redress Injuries.
If Rulers are for publick Good
Their Jus dieinum's understood.
Unerring Wisdom can't be thought
To leave the Choice to giddy Rout.
But granting Peoples Right, I say,
They ought not, cou'd not give't away.
In vain had they such Right from Heaven,
If they shou'd part with't, 'soon as given.
It were Impiety and Sin
To give away a Right Divine.
Nor is it like, they'd all consent
To lose their share of Government.
Nor cou'd they meet all for a Choice,
That ev'ry Man might give his Voice.
Some might be Busy, others Sick ;
Some their Proceedings might dislike.
Now if they all were free before,
How cou'd those, who did ne're
Lose that their Liberty and Pow'
These Knots, and' such like, I defy
Pretended Patriots to unty.
Be sure they can't : Arid then their Cause
Is grown much weaker by the Laws.
The Laws which own our Kings Divine,
And tye the Crown to Royal Line.
The Laws, which make Allegiance due
Without your Oaths, or theirs to you.
The Laws, which give to ev'ry Man his own,
To People their Estates, to Kings their Crown.
Some idly fancy, That protection
Doth nat'rally infer Subjection.
To which, I say, if this were True,
Subjection were ev'en CromweFs due.
He was Protector, (Name and Thing)
He did th' whole Office of a King.
No, 'tis a Right for to Protect us,
Can only Lawfully Subject us.
Who has no Right to England* Throne,
To Englands Fealty can have none.
And when the lawful King's turn'd out,
(Whose will to govern is past doubt.)
It is not Merit, but a Crime
His People to Protect 'gainst him.
It is to keep him from his Right
Who wou'd Protect us, if he might.
It is to make himself Supreme,
And to Protect himself, not them.
It's to maintain his Usurpation, "I
And to entail on Captive Nation >-
A lasting War, and Desolation. J
And is this such a mighty Favour,
As to deserve the Name of Saviour ?
For my part, I shou'd give him rather
A harder Name than that of Father.
And with the Cynick wish him gone,
Not stand betwixt me and the Sim.
If where it's due, we pay Subjection,
My Friends, we shall not want Protection.
And now, I think I've made it clear,
We cannot with good Conscience swear.
We cannot take Oaths Old and New,
And to both Faithful prove, and True.
And if I must Starve or Comply :
Be sure. I wou'd not swear, I'de die.
I'de suffer ought for my dear Saviour's Laws,
Who dy'd for me •
I can't "well suffer in a better Case."
The poor Lay-man's Resolution in Difficult
Times. —
" All in amaze at what is past, I stood,
Doubting within my self, what's Bad, what's Good;
Surpris'd at this so strange and sudden Turn,
At which such Numbers joy'd, so few did mourn.
Where am I now, thought 1 ? What ! Have I past
So long in Truth's Plain Path, and now at last,
After a Race of Fifty Years and more,
Doubt that same Truth that Best Men own'd before !
" Away, Away.
" That Lawful Kings God's own Anointed are,
And have' from him that Royal Crown they wear:
From him their Scepter, and from him their Sword,
Are Truths dispers'd throughout the Sacred Word :
That calls 'em Gods, and bids us them obey;
To Honour them is a just Debt we pay :
That bids us not resis't, and if we do,
Tells us we shall be damn'd for doing so.
If Kings command what's ///, we must, in short,
Not do't, because 'tis 111, but suffer for't.
" Now tell me, Learned Priests, if this ben't true;
And if it be, what will become of you?
" You Reverend Clergy, that have heretofore
With these same Doctrines made your Pulpits roar;
And boldly to the World, in Print, made known,
That 'tis the Scriptures Sence, as 'twas your own :
Your own, until that fatal Turn of State,
Tour Wonder and our Ruin chanc'd of late :
Your own, until that Tryal came ; and then,
Though call'd Divines, you shew'd your selves but Men :
Then, when, like Truth's bold Champions, bravely you
Should, though to Death these Sacred Points persue ;
Tamely and basely you the Cause, forsook,
Betray'd the Church, and your Allegiance broke.
Good God ! What Fears, What Thirst of Wealth will do !
Even among such Holy Men as you.
« Poor me! What shall I do? What shall I say?
Where shall I go ? when thus our Guides do stray.
But, God be thank'd, they are not tainted all :
Some vet remain, that have not bow'd to Baal
Whose Praises for a loftier Muse do call.
" But let them stray that will ; I'le keep the Road,
And tread the Steps our late Fore- Fathers trod;
I'le Fear my God, Honour my Lawful King: .
I'le meddle not with those that Changes bring.
Fix'd on a Rock, I'm sure I firmly stand;
Let Storms now rage by Sea, or roar by Land.
Hero then I'le fix, here shall my Center be: 1
And let the World turn which way 'twill for me. >
Lord ! Keep me ; for I wholly trust in Thee. J
"AMEN. AMEN."
2ndS.No36,SKPi:.6.'56.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
185
CHURCH FURNITURE OF HOBBLING, LINCOLN.
There is a manuscript among the records in the
Will Office, wiihin the Exchequer gate, Lincoln,
the existence of which is, I believe, nearly un-
known. It is a thick foolscap folio volume,
slightly imperfect, and in very bad condition as
far as binding is concerned, containing lists of
the church furniture and articles necessary for
the performance of Catholic worship destroyed or
put to profane use in many of the parishes within
the diocese of Lincoln, during the early part of
the reign of Queen Elizabeth. Whether other
volumes are in existence containing lists relating
to the parishes not occurring in this volume, I
am unable to state. I have not been permitted
to copy more than a few pages of this curious
document ; perhaps some one who has greater
powers of persuasion or coercion than I have may
be more fortunate. If any one should obtain a
copy, he will confer a very great favour by per-
mitting me to have access to it for a day or two.
This notice will probably at least have the effect
of preventing further mutilation or decay.
I append the entry for the parish of Horbling
as a specimen of the nature of the manuscript :
" HORBLINGE.
" Thiriventarie of all suche copes, vestmentes, and
other monumentes of superstition as remayned at any
tyme w'in the p'ishe church of Horblinge sens the deathe
of the lat quene marie, made by Thomas Buckmynst'
and Johnne Burgies, churchwardens, the xviijth daie of
marche, Ao dhi 1565.
" In p'mis the Imagies of the roode, mare, and Johnne,
and all other Imagies of papistrie, One Thomas wrighte
had and receauid in Ao p'mo Elizabeth, w'ch he brake
and burnte, Johnne Browne and Robert peile being
churchwardens.
" Itm. all the masse bookes, portases, mannuelles, le-
gendes, grailes, cowchrs, and all other books of papistrie
were sold to Johnne Craile, mercer, by vs Thomas Bck-
mynster and Johnne Burgeis, sens the last visitacon
holden at ancaster the xixth of ffebruarie 1565, whoe
haithe defaced the same in teringe and breaking of theim
to put spice in.
" Itm. the roode lofte taken downe by Johnne Craile
and Johnne Browne, whoe sold the same to Robert Gaw-
thorne and Johnne Craile, whoe haith made a weavers
Comb therof, and made windoes and such like thinges.
"Itm. iij alter stones ar broken and troughes and
bridges ar made of theim.
" Itm. two vestmentes, the one haith Thomas Wrighte,
of horblinge, and haith cut yt in peces and made bedde
hanginges therof; And thother was geven to Richard
Colsonne a scoller, and he haith made a players cote
therof, in An0 pmo Elizabeth.
" Itm. two All>es was cut in peces and surplishes made
therof to serve for or churche.
"Itm. the sepulcre was sold to Robert lond, and he
saith he haith made a presse therof.
"Itm. the crosse, sensors, crismatorie w* two hand-
belles, two candlestickes w* crewittes and pax and all
other thinges of bras was broken in peces and sold to
Johnne Skipp sens Christmas last past.
" Itm. a hollie water fatt of stone broken.
"Itm. three banner clothes, w'ch were geven awaie to
childerne to make plaiers cotes >f, anno pmo Elizabeth.
" Kx1 apud Lincoln in domo Mr Joliannis Aelmer
Archni Lincoln clausurn Lincoln cora Rdo pre' dno nico
Lincoln Epo John Aelmer Arch no Lincoln et Georgio
monnsonne generos Corn's* regiis pn' tia
Thome Tailor notarii publici."
EDWARD PEACOCK.
Manor Farm, Bottesford, Brigg.
MEMORIALS OF THE CIVIL WARS.
The following unpublished letter, from King
Charles I. to the corporation of Wells, will, I feel
sure, prove of sufficient interest to entitle it to
preservation in the pages of " N. & Q." It is
copied from the original, which remains with the
public records of the city. The royal army was
then on its way through the Western Counties,
having on the 2nd of the same month of July
been almost annihilated at Marston Moor ; and it
seems evident, from the contents of the letter,
that the king's exchequer was then at a very low
ebb.
Mells, from whence the letter is dated, and at
which place his majesty then held his court, is the
ancient family seat of the Homers, and lies about
four miles from Frome. This family formerly
resided at Cloford, a short distance from Mells ;
but soon after the dissolution of the great mo-
nastic establishment at Glastonbury, they acquired
Mells by purchase from the crown, with other
large possessions of the Abbey ; which circum-
stance connected the name with the old local
distich :
" Homer, Popham, Wyndham, and Thynne,
When the abbot came out, then they came in."
At the time of the king's visit the possessor of
Mells was Sir John Horner, Knt. ; who was de-
voted to the king, and a son-in-law of the well-
known loyalist Sir George Speke of White
Lackington. He was High 'Sheriff of Somerset,
14 James I. ; and Knight of the Shire for hia
native county in 1626, and again in 1654. Several
of his descendants have had the same honour at
subsequent periods.
At the upper part of the letter the royal auto-
graph is written in a clear bold hand.
" Charles R.
" Trusty and welbeloved, Wee greete you well.
Whereas Wee have for the defence and preservation of
Our good Subjects of this Our County, and other Our
western parts (of whose loyalty and good affection to Us
Wee have had so much testimony), advanced hither with
Our Army, which Wee intend so to governe as that they
shall not bee any oppression to Our people ; Wherefore
Wee doe expect that Our good Subjects will endeavour to
supply Us (as much as they are able) for theire support :
And wee having taken perticuler notice of the constant
readynesse and affection of the Corporation of Our Citty
of Wells to Us and Our cause j Wee doe now send vnto
186
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd s. N<> 36., SEPT. 6. '56.
you Our trusty and welbeloved Servant John Ashburn-
ham, Esqr., one of Our bedqhamber, and Our Treasurer
at Warr, whome Wee pra^ you speedily to furnish by
way of loane with the some of 500/. for Our most im-
portant service, to bee raysed amongst you as you shall
find best, Wee hereby assuring you Wee shall take per-
ticuler care to repay it soe soon as God shall enable«Us:
Wherefore We doubt not but you will with all expedi-
tion and cheerfullnes.se comply with Our desires therein
that soe vpon his retorne Wee may have greater cause to
retayne you in Our favour and good opinion, and soe give
you Our Princely thanks. So Wee bid you farewell.
" Erorn Our Court at Mells, this 18th of July, 1644.
" By his Mates Command,
" EDW. WALKEU.
" The Maior, Aldermen, and
Corporation of Wells."
[Address outside~\ : —
" To Our trusty and wellbeloved the Ma3ror, Aldermen,
and Corporation of the Citty of Wells."
The city records afford abundant evidence of
the frequent and heavy sacrifices the citizens were
obliged to bear at the troublesome and eventful
period to which I am now referring. It will be
seen by the following acknowledgments (also
copied from the originals), that instead of a loan,
the corporation sent the king 100Z. as a " free
present," besides 200 pairs of shoes ; although
from the corporate records it would appear that
attempts were made to raise the 500Z., apparently
without effect. The 100Z., and the cost of the
shoes (30Z), were paid by the corporation, and
afterwards partly levied by way of a rate on the
inhabitants : —
"19 July, 1G44.
" Received the day and yeare above written, of"|
the Mair, Aldermen, and the rest of the Cor-
poration of the Citty of Wells, by me John
Ashburnham, Esqre, Treasr att Warr, the sume
of One hundred pounds, being theire free present }• 100Z.
towards the support of his Mat8 Armie. I say
received by his Mat9 Commande, and for his
service by me
" JOHN ASHBURNHAM,"
" Received likewise att the same time, as the further
testimony of the good affections of the said Maior, Alder-
men, and Corporation, to his Mate, ,the number of two
hundred paire of Shooes, which they desire may be dis-
tributed to the Souldiers of Mat' armie. I say received
the number of Shooes aforementioned, by me
" JOHN ASHBURNHAM."
[Indorsed]-.—
" His Mats Lre for the loane of 500/. and
the Treasures acquitt. for 100/. and
200 payre of Shoes."
Whilst upon this subject, I may be allowed to
say that the examination of local, corporate, and j
parochial records has often been a subject of great
interest and pleasure to me, and I feel sure that
much correct and valuable information might be
brought to light by a careful perusal of old books
and papers ; in very many instances considered as
valueless, and left to moulder in old chests, or
doomed to still more rapid destruction from the
ignorance of those to whose custody they are
entrusted.
I would suggest to those who have authority in
such matters, that more care should be taken of
these interesting records of past events ; and I
cannot help thinking (judging from my own ex-
perience), that a store of valuable historical mat-
ter might be extracted from the sources I have
referred to, if patient investigation were made,
and the information collected under different
heads and dates. If acceptable, I should be glad
to contribute to such a store. INA.
Wells.
Newspaper Geography. — The Globe of the
9th August, 1856, in its fashionable intelligence
announces that " the Earl and Countess of Dur-
ham left town on Wednesday for Lambton Castle,
Northumberland." One would have thought that
if the penny-a-liner who supplied this paragraph
was ignorant of the fact, even a printer's devil
would have known that the ancient seat of the
Lambton family is in the county of Durham
(whence they took their title), and not in Nor-
thumberland.
But I make this Note for the purpose of re-
marking that it is a singular fact, notwithstanding
the important place the County Palatine holds in
history, that very little is known by distant inha-
bitants (especially Cockneys) of the county of
Durham. I travelled some years ago in company
with a gentleman, apparently intelligent on matters
in general, who, on my pointing out to him Ra-
vensworth Castle, two miles south of Newcastle-
upon-Tyne, immediately remarked, " This York'
shire seems a fine county, beautiful country-
seats ! " and repeated the remark on our coming
in view of Lurniey Castle, near Chester-le-Street,
although on both occasions I informed him (to
his great surprise) that we were not near the
county of York, but were passing through that of
Durham. M. H. R.
Plague of Mice. —
"About Hallontide last past [1581], in the marishes
of Danesey Hundred, in a place called Southminster, in
the countie of Essex, a strange thing hapened: there
sodainlie appeared an infinite multitude of mice, which
overwhelming the whole earth in the said marishes, did
sheare and gnaw the grasse by the rootes, spoyling and
tainting the same with their venimous teeth, in such sort,
that the cattell which grazed thereon were smitten with
a murreine, and died thereof; which vermine by policie of
man could not be destroyed, till at the last it came to
passe that there flocked together all about the same
marishes such a number of owles, as all the shire was
able to yeeld: whereby the mar-h holders were shortly
delivered from the vexation of the said mice. The like
of this was also ia Kent." — Stow's Chronicle.
ABHBA.
S. N« 36., SEPT. 6.
NOTES AND QUERIES.
187
Slavery in England. — The following curious
advertisements having been given me by a friend,
I thought them worth adding to the stores of " N.
&Q.:"
" A Black Boy, of about 15 years of age, named John
White, ran away from Colonel "Kirke the 15th instant; be
has a silver collar about his neck, upon which is the Co-
lonel's Coat of Arms and Cipher ; he has upon his throat
a great scar, bare in habit. Whosoever brings the afore-
said boy to Colonel Kirke's House near the Privy Garden,
will be well rewarded." — London Gazette, March, 1685.
"To be sold a Negro Boy about 14 years old, war-
ranted free from any distemper, and has had those fatal to
that colour; has been used two years to all kinds of
Household work, and to wait at Table ; his price is 25J.,
and would not be sold but the person he belongs to is
leaving off business. Apply to the Bar of the George
Coffee House in Chancery Lane, over against the Gate."
— London Advertiser, 1756.
" Matthew Dyer, working Goldsmith, at the Crown in
Duck Lane, Orchard Street, Westminster, Apprentice and
successor to Mr. John Redman, Corkscrew-Maker, de-
ceased, continues the business of his late Master, in
making all sorts of gold and silver corkscrews, Tobacco
Stoppers, Silver Padlocks for Slacks or Dogs, Collars,
silver clasp-knives, &c. Where Merchants and Shop-
keepers may be supply'd with any quantity on the least
notice, and the lowest prices. An apartment of the above
work kept by him." — Ibid.
By the decision of the Court of King's Bench in
1772, the sale of a negro in this country was ren-
dered illegal; and every black, male or female,
was free from the moment of landing on British
ground. EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
Curious Anagram. — Johannes Franciscus Ra-
mos, in his Treatise De Pcena Parricidii, dissects
the style and titles of his patron in the following
strange fashion :
dd . f
. rrrrr .
1111 . mm
ttttttt."
je . eeeeeeeee . iiiiiiiii . oooooo
ixuuuuuuuu.
"b . ccc .
nnnnnn . pp
Happily he furnishes the key, otherwise this
human sphinx might certainly have died in the
assurance that no ingenuity would bring to light
his secret :
" Alphonsus Perecius et Viverus Comes Fontis Sal-
danise et Consiliarius Status atque Gubernator Me-
diolani."
W. G. L.
Westbourne Grove.
Dinner-hour!, — We learn from Harrison's De-
scription of England, prefixed to Hollingshed,
that eleven o'clock was the usual time for dinner
during the reign of Elizabeth : —
" With us the nobilitie, gentrie, and students, doo or-
dinarilie go to dinner at eleven} before noon, and to sup-
per at five, or between five and six at afternoone." — Vol. i.
p. 171., edit. 1587.
The alteration in manners at this time is rather
singularly evinced from a passage immediately
following the above quotation, where we find that
merchants and husbandmen dined and supped at
a later hour than the nobility. ABHBA.
Dogs and Churches. — In your 1st S. much has
been said about the dog-whipper, which office,
judging from the rare visitations of the canine
species to our churches in the present day,
would lead to the inference that the post was a
sinecure. Not so, however ; for I find that the
eccentric Robert Poole, in twelve heads of advice
to Minors, shows the prevalence of the nuisance
in 1734 by giving the prominence of the 3rd to
the following :
"Remember the Sabbath day to keep it holy, and
carefully attend the worship of God ! but bring no Dogs
with you to church ; those Christians surely don't con-
sider where they are going when they bring Dogs with
them to the Assembly of Divine Worship ; disturbing the
Congregation by their Noise and Clamour. Be thou
careful, / say, of this Scandalous Thing, which all ought
to be advised against as indecent." — A Choice Drop of
Seraphic Love, 1734.
J. O.
[The Exeter Gazette a few weeks since announced that
"Mr. Jonathan Pickard, in the employ of the Rev. Chan-
cellor Martin, has been appointed dog-whipper of Exeter
Cathedral, in the room of Mr. Charles Reynolds, de-
ceased."]
Tumer's Accuracy and Propriety in his Archi-
tectural Backgrounds. — As this is a point often
disputed, most unjustly, and as a tribute as old as
1834 to the beauty of this great painter's colour,
and as the testimony of an antiquary to the ac-
curacy of the architecture introduced into his
works is pleasant, and may be interesting to those
who have read with delight the eloquent pages of
Ruskin, I transcribe the opening sentences of an
article on " Historical Propriety in Painting," by
T. M., at p. 13. of Bray ley's Graphic Illustrator,
London, 1834:
" The greatest master of colour amongst the painters of
the present day is at the same time the most remarkable
for propriety in his architectural background : these fre-
quently exhibit designs that may be studied with advantage
by the architect ; 'and in expressing my admiration of
Turner, I wish to avoid the appearance of advocating that
servile imitation which an antiquary is supposed to re-
quire."
The king of English colourists here gets his
due, and nothing more ; he did not often get that
twenty-two years ago. It is different now.
" Standing in another's Shoes'' — In an article
on " Legal Usages amongst the ancient North-
men," by C. S. A., at p. 36. of Brayley's Graphic
Illustrator, Lond. 1834, is the following :
"The right of adoption obtained: one form of it con-
sisted in making the adopted put on the shoes of the adopter.
It has been asked whether our phrase of 'standing in his
shoes ' may not owe its origin to this custom."
There is no doubt a good reason for the phrase
188
NOTES AND QUEEIES.
NO 86., SEPT. 6. '66.
now so common with us, and the existence of such
a form among the Northmen is as good ground as
we can get, if the fact of such a legal usage is un-
doubted. Two " modern instances " occur to me.
Sreenson thus address the -young laird of Red-
gauntlet :
" I wuss ye joy, Sir, of the head seat, and the white loaf,
and the braid lairdship. Your father was a kind man to
friends and followers : muckle grace to you, Sir John, to
fill his shoon, — his boots, Isuld say. for he seldom wore shoon,
unless it were mine, when he had the gout."
Steenie's correction about the boots and "mine"
is a master's stroke.
Thackeray (Miscellanies, vol. iii., " Memoir of
Barry Lyndon," London, 1856), uses the phrase
thus, at p. 266. [Lord Bullingdon gives his mama
a hint that little Bryan (her son by Lyndon) is
standing in his shoes] :
"Another day (it was Bryan's birthday) we were
giving a grand ball . . . ; there was a great crowding
and tittering when the child came in, led by his half-
brother, who walked into the drawing-room (would you
believe it) in his stocking-feet, leading little Bryan by the
hand, paddling about in the great shoes of the elder ! ' Don't
you think he fits my shoes very well,'" Sfc.
Instances of the use of this phrase would be
interesting. C. D. L.
THE JUMPING DANCE OF ECHTERNACH.
The following- extract from the Litera?*y Ga-
zette of July 12th, descriptive of u popular re-
ligious festival still observed in the neighbourhood
of Treves, is well worthy of preservation in the
columns of '• N. & Q. : "
"The Festival is called 'The Jumping Procession (lite-
rally jumping dance) of Echternach.' Echternach is a
small town in Luxembourg, about twenty English miles
from Treves, and is annually the resort of thousands who
meet here on \Vhit-Tuesday, some to witness, some to
join in this religious ceremony, which is also called 'The
Procession of the Dancing Saints.' This custom originated
in the fourteenth century, when, in the year J374, the
disease now called St. Vitus's Dance first broke out in the
archbishopric of Treves and Cologne, and other parts of
Germany. The name came from a chapel in Dim, dedi-
cated to St. Vitus, which was greatly in vogue with those
afflicted with the disease, who flocked thither in crowds
to entreat the saint's intercession in their behalf. The
wise men of the day observing that those who suffered
under the disease were afflicted with spasmodic move-
ments of the limbs, which forced them to dance and jump
about like madmen, without any power over their own
will, until they fell down in a state of exhaustion, con-
ceived the idea that by voluntarily going through the
same process, and performing the same fatiguing move-
ments, they m ght ward off the disease itself, — a curious
foreshadowing of the systems of Jenner and Hahnemann.
Acting upon this idea, the procession of the jumpers was
formed ; and once a-year, on Whit-Tuesday, it still wends
its way to the grave of St. Willibrodus, in the ancient
abbey church of Echternach. The procession starts from
the bridge, accompanied by several bands of music ; the
pilgrims of both sexes form in rows, and spring first four
steps forward and three back, then eight steps forward
and three back, and so on, continually increasing the
steps forward, but making no change in 'those backward,
until they reach the church, when they throw themselves
on their faces and begin to pray, Having entered the
church, after the prayer, the flag-bearers and brothers of
the order place themselves under the great lustre, with
its seventy-two lighted tapers, and high mass, accom-
panied by solemn music, begins. I should have men-
tioned that the jumping march is performed to curious
old music, composed expressly for this ceremony. So
many evils arose from bringing such masses of people to-
gether in so small a compass — so much drunkenness,
riot, and debauchery — that it was suppressed by law in
1777 ; it was, howeVer, reintroduced by Joseph 'the Se-
cond in 1790, put down bv the French in 1795, and again
appeared in 1802, in which year there were nearly 3000
dancers and 74 musicians. In the year 1812 there were
12,678 dancers in the procession, which has, however, now
diminished to an annual average of 8000. As may be
supposed, the priests and publicans derive the solid ad-
vantages from these pious revelries."
This is an item in what would form a very
curious chapter in the History of Social Progress ;
and is suggestive of many Queries, which I, for
one, should gladly see answered in " N. & Q."
1. Do many such semi-religious pageants still
exist on the Continent ?
2. Do any such exist in England ?
3. Has not some work on the subject of Fle-
mish pageants been published within the last few
years ? If so, what is its precise title ?
4. Have any books appeared here or on the
Continent on this curious subject ?
5. Is not The Dance of Death * now generally
regarded as a pictorial representation of such a
pageant ?
6. Am I right in my recollection that a paper
by Mr. Dudley Costello appeared some few years
since in one of the periodicals, descriptive of a
modern Dance of Death still exhibited in one of
the continental cities?
7. Will the correspondents of " N. & Q." give
references to any information which they may
have met in old writers upon this subject ?
F. S. A.
Seven Oaks and Twelve Elms. — I should feel
much obliged if any of your correspondents could
account for the circumstance that in many parts
of the country may be seen plantations of seven
oaks and twelve elms: the latter are usually planted
[* If our correspondent takes an interest in The Dance
of Death, he may be glad to know that we have seen a
specimen of a new edition of Holbein's beautiful Alphabet
of Death, which is about to be published in Paris.]
2"d S. X° 36., SEPT. 6. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
189
in circles. Can they be supposed to represent
the seven days of the week, and the twelve months
of the year ? and may there be any Druidioal or
other superstition preserved in these groups ? A
passage which occurs in Stanley's Palestine seems
to show that the idea is not limited to this country,
though it can scarcely be supposed that, there
could be a common origin between the Eastern
plantations and those of England :
"Following the course of the Barada up through the
mountains of Anti-Libanus, on the right bank rises a
lofty Kill, on whose summit, as you approach from the
south-east, is seen a line of tall black trees. They are
seven ' Sindians,' or Syrian oaks, and the following is the
story told as concerning them by a native of Zebdani, a
village situated two or three hours to the north-west
of the pass, llabid (Cain) and Habil (Abel) were the
two sons of Adam. The whole world was divided be-
tween them ; and this was the cause of their quarrel.
Habil moved his boundary stones too far; Habid threw
them at him, and'Habil fell. His brother, in great grief,
carried the body on his back for 500 years, not knowing
what to do with it. At last, on the top of this hill, he
saw two birds fighting; the one killed the other, washed
him, and buried him in the ground. Habid did the like
for his brother's body, and planted his staff to mark the
spot, and from this staff seven trees grew up."
G. M. Z.
"As tight as Dick's hatband" — What was the
origin of this adage ? Who was Dick, and upon
what occasion did he brace his beaver so tightly
as to cause the circumstance to pass into a pro-
verb ? JOHN PAVIN PHILLIPS.
Haverfordwest.
Almshouses recently founded. — Will you allow
me to seek an addition to the following list of
almshouses and asylums for the aged founded
since 1800. from the contributors to " N. &. Q."
Derbyshire : Duke of Devonshire's, Edensor.
Essex : Pawnbrokers', Forest Gate. Herts : Wat-
ford, Baldock ; Booksellers' Retreat, Kings Lang-
ley; Marquis Townshend's, Hertford. Hants: Mr.
Dixon's, near Havant. Kent : Huggins' College,
Northfleet ; Mr. Thackeray's, Lewisham ; Mr.
Berens', Sidcup, Ashford; Tunbridge Wells. Lin-
colnshire : Mr. Sibthorp's. Middlesex : Aged
Pilgrims, Edgware Road ; Butchers', Walham
Green ; Bookbinders' Benefit Societies, Hall's
Pond ; Printers', Wood Green ; Miss Day's, Little
Stainnore ; London, Marylebone, St. Pancras,
Shoreditch, St. Martin's. Surrey : R. Hill's,
Freemasons'. Camberwell : Queen Adelaide's
Bailey's, Brixton. Watermen's, Cambridge. Li-
censed Victuallers' Asylum, Sussex. Lord Egre-
mom's, Petworth, Warwickshire. Licensed Vic-
tuallers', Birmingham. G. H.
. Sir Edward Bacsh, 1688. — At the accession of
William III., Sir Edward Baesh was " turned out
of employment." What was his employment P
JAMES KNOWLES.
Matthew Gwynne, M.D., Oxon, oh. 1627. — Dr.
Gwynne was an eminent physician and scholar in
his time : he was author of the following works or
productions :
1. " Epicedium in obitum illustr. Herois Henrici Com.
Derbiensis, Oxon, 1593."
2. " Nero Tragocdia, 1603."
3. " Orationes duae Londini habitao in ^Edibus Gre-
shamiis, 1605."
4. " Virtumnus sive Annus Recurrens. Oxon, 1605."
5. " Aurum non Aurum, etc. 1611."
6. A Bonk of Travels.
7. " Letters concerning Chemical and Magical Secrets."
Kos. 2. and 3. are in the library of the British
Museum.
No. 5. is in the Bodleian Library.
Can any of your readers direct me to the others,
or give me any account of them, or any particu-
lars of him or his works, or his marriage or issue,
beyond what is disclosed by the Athen Ox. and
Ward, in his Lives of the Gresham Professors?
JAMES KNOWLES.
Construction of Quadrants. — Is there any work
extant on the construction, not the use only, of
quadrants (particularly on Sutton's or Collins's),
which contains rules and directions for laying
down the azimuths and plain circles ? W. T.
Ancient Pipe Case. — I have an old pipe case
with a sliding cover, carved with cherubs' heads ;
on the top of which are the letters " FBRBIOL."
Can you tell me the meaning of this ? It has
been suggested that it is Gaelic. J. B. S.
Cullompton.
Pope Pius VII. and the Freemasons. — Can any
of your readers inform me where I can find a copy
of the bull of Pius VII., in which the Freemasons
are condemned among other secret societies.
W. J. B. R.
" Par ternis suppar." — Can any of your readers
give a reasonable interpretation of Lord North-
wick's motto " Par ternis suppar ? "
In Burke's Peerage there is no attempt at a
translation, the compiler stating that "the motto
as it now stands is perfectly unintelligible." In
Sharpe's Peerage, a translation is attempted, thus :
"The two are equal in antiquity to the three."
I confess my Latin does not enable me to compre-
hend this last translation. S. F.
Scarborough Spa. — Early in the last century,
when Scarborough, as a watering-place, was in
the ascendant, there was a noted character named
Dicky Dickason, who presided at, and was called,
" King of the Spa," and who cracked his joke
with all who went to the public rooms : in fact he
had his franc-parler with duke or duchess, and
was as familiar with them to the full as if he were
their equal. I aui desirous to have particulars of
this hero. A.
190
NOTES AND QUERIES.
s. NO 36., SEPT. 6. '56.
The King's Salute to his Ministers. — The fol-
lowing is extracted from Sir Robert Peel's Me-
moirs, Part I. — " The floman Catholics," p. 347. :
" Our interview with his Majesty lasted for the long
period of five hours: there was uninterrupted conversa-
tion during the whole time, but nothing material paieed,
excepting that the purport of which I have faithfully re-
ported. At the close of the interview the King took leave
of us with great composure and great kindness, gave to
each of us a salute on each cheek, and accepted our resigna-
tion of office, frequently expressing his sincere regret at
the necessity which compelled us to retire from his ser-
vice."
Allow me to ask of you or any of your readers,
if it is the ordinary practice of the /tings of Eng-
land to salute a minister on his resignation on one
or each cheek ? The Kiss of Peace was frequently
given in Mediaeval times. FRA, MEWBURN.
Larchfield, Darlington.
Chewing the Cud. — It is I believe a well-
known fact that all ruminating animals when they
rise from the ground begin that operation by
raising their bind legs ; this is the case with oxen
and sheep. I should wish to ask any scientific
correspondent on such subjects whether there is
any cause connected with the structure of their
stomachs which renders this necessary ? R. W. B,
Threlkeld Family. — Can any northern corre-
spondent give me any account of this family —
when it is first heard of, whether it be natural to
Cumberland, what is the nature of its connexion
with the Dacre family, &c. ? The first fact I
know concerning them is contained in Words-
worth's simple poem on the " good Lord Clifford,"
wherefrom I learn that Sir Lancelot Threlkeld
married Lady Clifford (whose husband died at
Taunton), and protected the infant Lord Clifford
from court malevolence :
" Give Sir Lancelot Threlkeld praise !
Hear it, good man, old in days !
Thou tree of covert and of rest
For this young Bird that is distrest," &c.
What is the date of Roland Threlkeld, the ec-
centric, who would allow no "womanite" to enter
his castle ? When did the family leave the Church,
and build the little chapel now in existence ?
Lastly, What is the present state of the town or
village of Threlkeld ? I shall be greatly obliged
for any information. THBELKELD.
Dr. Malachi Thruston. — Can any correspon-
dent of" N. & Q." refer me to any published ac-
count, or supply me with any particulars, of Dr.
Malachi Thruston. He is only known to me and
those of whom I have inquired through the con-
troversial work of Sir George Ent, entitled Ani-
madversiones in Malachite Thrustoni, M.D. Diatri-
bam de liespiralionis Usu primario. He is not
mentioned in any biographical work to which I
have had access. E. L.
"Destruction of Small Vices" — I shall be glad
of any information as to the authorship, date, &c.,
of the above work, which is stated by Bishop Pa-
trick, in the Appendix to his Friendly Debate, to
have been written during the reign of King Ed-
ward VI. I conceive it to be altogether a different
work from the Dyalogus Creaturarum, otherwise
styled Destructorium Vitiorum, mentioned in " N.
& Q.," 2nd S. ii. 150. A. TAYLOR, M.A.
Organ Tuning. — Wanting to know something
of the present practice, I looked into the large
and excellent work on the organ by Hopkins and
Rimbault, but found nothing to my purpose. Can
any of your readers answer the following Queries ?
Are organs now tuned by beats ? If so, what '
rules or tables are used ? Is Dr. Smith's account
of the beats approved, that is, do his formulae
answer their purpose ? Are the rules or tables"
deduced from these formulas ? If not, who else
has written on the subject ? A. DE MORGAN.
The Greek Cross. — Can you inform me why
the Greek cross has a piece of wood placed diago-
nally at the bottom, in this way. I asked a j.
Russian priest, when I was in the Crimea, the T
reason of it. He told me that it was supposed
to be a piece of wood placed there in order to tie
the feet. He said there was no mention of our
Saviour's feet being nailed to the cross. I have
looked in the Bible, and can find no mention of
holes in his feet. A. P. G. G.
Lieut.- Col. Davies. — Of what family was the
gallant Lieutenant-Colonel Davies, husband of
" Madam Mary Davies," to whom a monument
was erected in Winchester Cathedral, with the an-
nexed inscription ? I do not find his name among
the descendants of the eminent Flintshire house of
Davies of Gvvysaney.
" Here lieth the body of Madam Mary Davies, daughter
of Sir Jonathan Trelawny of Trelawny in the County of
Cornwall, Baronet: a lady of excellent endowments and
exemplary virtue, of courage and resolution above h«r
sex, and equal to the generous stock whence she sprang.
She was Maid of Honour to Mary, Princess of Orange,
and relict to Lieutenant- Colonel Davies, who at the siege
of Namur, mounting the trenches at the head of the
Grenadiers of the 1st Regiment of Guards, was the first
that threw the fascines (which others used to cover them-
selves with in their attack) over the ditch, and with his
men pass'd it, heating the French out of their works,
which was a gallant action, and greatly contributed to-
wards the taking of the town ; in performing of which he
received the wound of which he died, and gain'd so just
an esteem for the boldness and success of it with the
King, that he designed him the great honour of a visit
the morning on which he died, and being inform'd of his
death, in kind and honourable terms express'd his concern
and sorrow for the loss of so brave and deserving an
officer. She died the xxiiiith of September, in the year
of our Lord MDCCVII."
SlON AP GwiLLYM AP SlON.
2nd S. NO 36., SEPT. 6. '56."]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
191
Prisoner of War. — Can any of your readers
" learned in the law " give a legal definition, to-
gether with the authority for it, of the term " Pri-
soner of War." CAPTIVUS.
The Deluge. — Stillingfleet and others have
given it as their opinion, that the Deluge did not
extend over the whole world, but only over the
inhabited portion, On what grounds ? ABHBA.
JHtturr
Quotation wanted : " Nulla fides regni" etc.- — Can
any of your correspondents oblige me by stating
in which of the ancient poets the following lines
occur ? —
" Nulla fides regni sociis, omnisque potestas.
Jmpatiens consortis erit, totum sitit ilia."
T. H.
[The passage -will be found in Lucan, Pharsalia, lib. i.
92., except the last three words " totum sitit ilia," which
are not pure Latinity.]
" Imago Primi Sceculi Societatis Jesu." — Lately
when in Germany I met a gentleman who was in
possession of a work which he believes to be
unique, or nearly so. It is termed, —
" Imago Primi Saeculi Societatis Jesu h Provincia Flan-
dro-Belgica ejusdem Societatis, representata. Antwerp.
ex officinU Plautiniana Balthasario Moreto anno Societatis
seculorum 1640."
The same gentleman has also a German work pub-
lished at Stettin and Berlin in 1785, also giving an
account of the Jesuits, and quoting largely from
the earlier work, which it describes as having
been published by the Belgian Jesuits, and after-
wards recalled : and further, that at the period
of its own publication there were only four copies
of the Latin work known to exist. The gentlemen
who saw the book with me are desirous of know-
ing the history of the publication and subsequent
attempted suppression of this work, and also what
the object of the original publication may have
been. W.
[The first work noticed by our correspondent, Imago
Primi Sccculi Societatis Jesu, is to be found in the British
Museum and the Bodleian. The object of this work is to
give a history of the Order from its foundation, with an
account of its various missions. According to Ebert
(Bibliog. Diet., vol. i. p. 814.) the work is by no means so
scarce as is sometimes stated, and has greatly fallen in
price since the more peaceful and equitable appearance of
things. He adds, "The hyperbolical eulogiums which
exist in this work are only the innocent pedantry of the
Order, which is to be found equallj- strong in the history
of other orders." It is attributed to Joannes Tollenarius,
of the Society of Jesus, born at Bruges in 1582. He was
teacher of the Classics, and for some time Professor of
Theology; was twice Rector of the Professed House of
Antwerp, and subsequently Provincial of Flanders. He
died at Antwerp, April 11, 1643. He was also author of
Speculum Vanitatis; sive Ecclesiastes soluta ligataque Ora-
tione dilucidatus, 4to. Ant., 1635.]
The Word " Cheque" or " Check." — Will you
oblige a poor student — a reader of your excellent
periodical — by informing me which is the most
correct or proper way of writing the word cheque
or check, a draft on a banker. The word is gene-
rally written with a q, but I find much difference
of opinion exists as, to the etymology of the word.
I should also feel greatly obliged if you, or any
of your readers, could tell me which is considered
the most correct standard English dictionary at
the present day, such as could be consulted as an
authority. One giving the etymology of words
would be preferable, similar to Dr. Johnson's ;
but as I have only seen old editions of his, I am
not aware if any new or similar work (at a mo-
derate price) has been published or not : and the
old work does not contain many words in use at
the present day. T. H.
[All the standard modern dictionaries spell the word
check, in preference to the now almost obsolete cheque.
We must leave our correspondent to choose either Dr.
Richardson's or Dr. Ogilvie's Dictionary, both exceedingly
useful to the philological student. In the former the
word explained, and its immediate derivatives, are classed
together, whilst the arrangement of the citations chrono-
logically, afford some view of the progressive changes of
language. In the latter work the etymologies of English
words are deduced from a comparison of words of corre-
sponding elements in the principal languages of Europe
and America, and contains many thousand words and
terms in modern use, not included in any former English
dictionary.]
Erysipelas. — Why called St. Antony's Fire ?
A. A. D.
[A note in the life of St. Antony, in Alban Butler's
Lives (Jan. 17th), explains the origin of the name : —
" In 1089, a pestilential erysipelas distemper called the
Sacred Fire, swept off great numbers in most provinces of
France ; public prayers and processions were ordered
against the scourge. At length it pleased God to grant
many miraculous Cures of this dreadful distemper, to
those who implored his mercy through the intercession of
St. Antony, especially before his relics ; the church in
which they were deposited was resorted to by great num-
bers of pilgrims, and his patronage was implored over
the whole kingdom against this disease."]
" The Rogue's March." — Can any correspon-
dent inform me where the above march can be
met with ? F. C. H.
[The music of the "Rogue's March " is given in Chap-
pell's Collection of National Airs, tune 29, p. 15. Mr.
Chappell, in a note, says : " Why so graceful and pastoral
a melody as this should have been condemned to be the
Cantio in exitu of deserters and reprobates who are to be
drummed out of the regiments, is not easily to be ac-
counted for; but such is the case, and has been for cen-
turies. Many songs have been written to this air, among
others, one terminating in each verse with ' You mustn't
sham Abraham Newland.' "]
192
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
S. NO 36., SEPT. 6. '56.
RAFFAELLE'S PICTURES IN ENGLAND.
(2nd S. ii. 130.)
In answer to a Query respecting RafFaelle's pic-
tures in England, I give the following list of tht»m,
which on the whole is taken from Passavant's
work, Rafael von Urbino und sein Vater Giov.
Sa?iti; but has been corrected according to those
alterations which I know to have taken place
since the time of the publication of that work
(1839): —
1. Vision of a Knight, bought by Mr. Ottley at
the Gallery Borghese at Rome; passed through the
hands of Sir Thomas Lawrence, Lady Sykes, the
Rev. Thomas Egerton, into the National Gallery.
2. Portrait of a Youth of about fifteen years of
age; at Hampton Court (mentioned in the Cata-
logue of pictures of James II. as a portrait of
Raffat'lle himself, No. 123.)
3. Christ on the Mount of Olives, came from
the Gallery Gabielli in Rome into the possession
of Mr. Conyngham ; now at Stanstead House
(W. Fullorn Maitland, Esq.)
4. & o. Two Madonnas, in the possession of
Earl Cowper, at Panshanger (bought by Earl
Cowper, who was Brit. Ambassador at Florence).
6. Christ on the Mount of Olives, probably by
a pupil of Raffaelle's ; was in Mr. S. Rogers's
collection.
7. Christ bearing his Cross, Mr. P. J. Miles, at
Leigh Court, near Bristol.
8. The same subject in the Bridgewater Gal-
lery is of doubt ful origin.
9. The body of Christ, on the knees of the
Virgin, bought by Sir Thomas Lawrence at
Munich ; now in the possession of Mr. M. A.
AVhyte, Barron Hill, Ashborne, Derbyshire.
10. Madonna, at Blenheim ; bought in 1764 at
Perugia, by Lord Robert Spencer, who presented
it to his brother, the Duke of Marlborough. (St.
Franciscus and St. Antonius of Padua, at Dul-
wich College, are not by RalFaelle.)
11. John the Baptist preaching, in the posses-
sion of the Marquis of Lnnsdowne, at Bowood.
12. Holy Family, with the palm tree, in the I
Bridgewater Collection.
13. The three Graces, bought by Sir Thomas
Lawrence; from whose collection it came into the
possession of the late Lord Dudley and Ward.
14. St. Cutarina of Alexandria, from the Gal-
lery Aldobrandini in Rome; bought by Mr. Day,
the artist, passed into the hands of Mr. Beckford,
at Bath ; now in the National Gallery.
15. Portrait of a Marquis of Mantua; men-
tioned in the Catalogue of pictures of Charles I.,
afterwards said to have been in the collection of
Cardinal Richelieu ; brought to England 1814 by
a^ Mr. Buchanan ; in 1839 in the possession of
Ed. Gray in London,
16. Madonna, Aldobrandini ; bought at the
Gallery Aldobrandini by Mr. Day, exhibited in
London, bought by Lord Garvagh; now in the
possession of his widow.
17- Madonna of the Bridgewater Gallery.
18. Madonna with the Child standing; was in
Mr. Rogers's Collection (first bought by Mr. Wil-
let from the Orleans Collection).
19. The Cartoons at Hampton Court.
The following pictures have been attributed to
Raffaelle, but, according to Passavant, are not by
him : —
20. The Madonna del Passeggio, in the Bridge-
water Gallery, is only a copy, the original of
which by Raffkelle is not to be found. Another
copy is at Kedleston Hall, Derbyshire (seat of
Lord Scarsdale).
21. Ascension of the Virgin, was formerly in
the cathedral of Pisa ; bought by Sir James
Wright, now in the possession of E. Solly, Esq.
Dr. Waagen thinks that the composition of this
picture is certainly by Raffaelle, but was left un-
finished, and has very likely been finished by
Ridolfo Ghirlandajo.
22. Charitns and Spes, two small pictures
which were in the Gallery Borghese in Rome,
were afterwards in the possession of Sir Thomas
Lawrence; and the first of which belongs now to
Mr. Neeld, the second to Mr. Henry Hope in
London, are both by a pupil of Raffaelle's, pro-
bably Gio. Francesco Penni.
23. Portrait of Frederico Carondelet, in the
possession of the Duke of Grafton.
24-. Dorothea, in the collection at Blenheim.
25. Portrait of a young man, in Sir Thomas
Baring's Collection.
26. Portrait of Pope Julius II., in the National
Gallery, is a copy. E. B.
LAST WORDS OF THE GREAT.
(2nd S. ii. 105.)
"Tete de 1'armee." (Napoleon.)
" I h;ive loved God, my father, liberty." (De Stael.)
" Let me die to the sound of delicious music." (Mira-
beau.)
" Is this your fidelity? " (Nero.)
"A king should die standing." (Augustus.)
"I must sleep now." (Byron.)
" Kiss me, Hardy." (Nelson.)
" Don't give up the ship." (Laurence.)
" I'm shot if I don't believe I'm dying." (Thurlow.)
" Clasp my hand, my dear friend, I die." (Alfieri.)
"God preserve the Emperor." (Haydn.)
" The artery ceases to beat." (Haller.)
" Let the light enter." (Goethe.)
" All my possessions for a moment of time." (Eliza-
beth.)
" What, is there no bribing death ? " (Beaufort.)
" Monks, monks, monks ! " (Henry VIII.)
" Be serious." (Grotius.)
" In tuas manus, Domine." (Tasso.)
s.N'36,'SEpT.o. '56.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
193
" It is small, very small " (clasping her neck). (Anna
Boleyn.)
" I feel as if I were myself again." (Walter Scott.)
" It is well." (Washington.)
" Independence for ever." (Adams.)
" A dying man can do nothing easy." (Franklin.)
" Don't let poor Nelly starve." (Charles II.)
" I have endeavoured to do my duty." (Taylor.)
"There is not a drop of blood on" my hands." (Fre-
derick V.)
" I resign my soul to God, my daughter to my country."
(Jefferson.)
" It is the last of earth." (J. Q. Adams.)
"Don't let that awkward squad fire. over iny grave."
(Burns.)
" Lord, make haste." (H. Hammond.)
" Precious salvation." (Sir J. Stonhouse.)
" Remember " (the charge to Archbishop Juxon to bid
Charles II. forgive his father's murderers). (Charles I.)
"I have sent for you (Lord Warwick) to see how a
Christian can die." (Addison.)
" I shall be happy." (Archbishop Sharpe.)
" God's will be done." (Bishop Ken.)
"Amen." (Bishop Bull.)
"I have peace." (Parkhurst.)
" Come, Lord Jesus." (Burkitt.)
" Cease now " (Lady Masham was reading the Psalms).
(Locke.)
" I thank God I was brought up in the Church of Eng-
land." (Bishop Gunning.)
" O Lord, forgive me specially my sins of omission."
(Usher.)
" Lord, receive my spirit." (Ferrar, Cranmer, Hooper,
G. Herbert.)
" Thy will be done." (Donne.)
" This day let me see the Lord Jesus." (Jewell.)
"In te speravi : ne confundar in'eternum." (Bishop
Abbot.)
" God will save my soul." (Burghley.)
« And is this death ? " (George IV.)
" Lord, take my spirit." (Edward VI.)
"What? do they run already? Then I die happy."
(Wolfe.)
" God bless you, my dear " (Miss Morris). (Dr. John-
son.)
" What I cannot utter with my mouth, accept Lord
from my heart and soul." (F. Quarles.)
" Then I am safe." (Cromwell.)
" Let the earth be filled with His glory." (James,
Earl of Derby, Bishop Broughton.)
"I go to my God and Saviour." (P. Heylyn.)
" My days are past as a shadow that" returns not."
(R. Hooker.)
" Let me hear once more those notes so long my solace
and delight." (Mozart.)
" I wish the true principles of government carried out.
I ask no more." (Harrison.)
" For my coming down, let me shift for mvself " (on
the scaffold). (Sir T. More.)
" In me behold the end of this world with all its
vanities." (Sir P. Sydney.)
MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A.
GYPSIES.
(1st S. iv. 471. ; 2nd S. ii. 143.)
It is desirable that the statement "We areRomees
and Egypt was our fatherland " attributed to " the
Gypsies everywhere " should be confirmed by au-
thority. No such opinion is to be found attributed
to them by Borrow in his Zincali, nor, I think, by
any previous authority on this subject. The sup-
posed resemblance of the Gypsey word " Romany "
(husbands) to the nlpwfj.Ls of Herodotus is totally
insufficient to counterbalance the evidence that
the language of the Gypsies is an Indian dialect
(Bombay Transactions, 1820). Almost every
nation has a separate name for them, and although
in Hungary and Transylvania they are called
" Pharaoh Nepek," or " Pharaoh's People," and
by the English " Gypsies," in reference to their
assumed Egyptian origin, probably from their
reaching Europe through Egypt, first in 1427,
" it seems proved that they are not originally
from that country, their appearance, manners, and
language being totally different from those of
either the Copts or Fellahs. There are many
Gypsies now in Egypt, but they are looked upon
as strangers, as indeed they are everywhere else"
(Penny Cyc. Art. "Gipsies). They are styled
Ghvjar in Egypt (Lane, ii. 3).* Although the
literal rendering of K-aAbs KdyaQos in Herodotus is
" beautiful and good," the conventional use of
those words meant what we mean by " a man of
birth and education " f as distinguished from the
nobles and the lowest class ; this is what Hero-
dotus expresses by /car' 'EAAaSa yXcaffcrav (Arist.
Pol. iv. 8.). The English equivalent to piromis
is therefore " gentleman ; " a character which the
Gypsy has not yet borne among any people. From
Borrow it appears that the Gypsies understand
the name, by which they designate themselves, to
mean " husbands ; " and he furnishes reasons for
their use of the name ; chiefly that their women
will marry no other men ; that seduction by a
man, not a Gypsy, is unknown ; and that effectual
means are provided to secure the women from
violation. They also call themselves Sind (In-
dian) ; and n tribe of them is found near the
mouths of the Indus called Tchinganes, the name
by which they are designated in Turkey and the
Levant. The dispersion of the Gypsies is per-
haps attributable to the invasion of Timur Beg,
A.D. 1399 (Penny Cyc. 1. c.). T. J. BUCKTON.
Lichfield.
GRUNDONNERSTAG.
(2nd S. i. 315.)
The Thursday next before Easter goes under
various names : in the Roman Missal it is called
* This name points to Gujerat, near the province of
Sinde, on the east of the Sind or Indus ; Sivfioi and 'IcSol
are the same word, the aspirate of the latter being rough-
ened into the sibilant of the former.
f Fort honnetes gens : Artaud's Clouds of Aristophanes
(v. 101.), i. 139.
194
NOTES AND QUERIES.
. N« 36., SEPT. 6. >56.
" Feria V. in Coena Domini ; " among the Italians,
" Giovedi Santo ; " fin England it used to be
known as " Sherethursday," though most of us
term it now " Maundy Thursday," and the Ger-
mans, " Green Thursday. This last designation,
like all the others, drew, we maybe sure, itsTlrigin
from something or another belonging to the cere-
monial of the day. Both the English names have
been already accounted for in The Church of Our
Fathers, t. iii. part 2nd, pp. 84. 235., and the
origin of the German one may be easily found.
In olden times, as well in Germany as here in
England, and elsewhere throughout Christendom,
in most churches all the altars were washed, in a
solemn manner, with water and wine, and bunches
of fresh green herbs made up into little brooms
were employed for the occasion ; with one of such
brooms in his hand each of the clergy went in his
turn and rubbed the water and wine about on the
table or upper side of the high altar ; and the
same ceremony, but in a less formal manner, was
used at all the other altars of the church. The
York Missal expressly prescribes hyssop mixed
with savin to be employed for the purpose (see
Church of Our Fathers, as above, p. 235.) ; so too
does the " Liber Agendendorum " for the metro-
politan church of Salzburg : — " altaria nudentur,
et laventur aqune et ramis savins fricentur " {Pars
Secundai p. 147.). The same ceremony, after
much the same way, was followed throughout
Germany, Poland, and in places bordering on the
Rhine, as may be seen in the old editions of the
Missals for Cologne, Treves, Mentz, and Liege;
and hyssop and box are almost always required by
their rubrics to be used for rubbing the altar dry
after the washing with water and wine.
The use of green herbs at the washing of the
altars on Maundy Thursday has not been over-
looked by liturgical writers, some of whom, while
speaking of it, have afforded us its symbolical
meaning. Rupert, Abbot of Duyts, which is on
the German side of the Rhine, says :
" Hispitli quoque ramusculi cum quibus lavantur (al-
taria in Coena Domini) flagella significant qmc pectus
illml sacratum Deique cap lit atrociter secuerunt." — De
Dir. Off. 1. v. c. 31.
And John Beleth writes :
" Altare ergo abluitur quia corpus Christi verum altare,
sanguine ot aqua in cruceaspersumfuissecreditur. Kami
autem asperi quibus altare fricatur, significant spineam
coronam qua coronatus est Christus, aut flagella amara,
et ictuum vibices, et graves dolores quos in morte sus-
tinuit." — Divin. Off. Erplic. c. 104
Our own John Mirk tells us that :
"Thaulter stone betokeneth cristes body that was
drawen on the c«osse — the besomes that the aulter is
waashen wyth, betokeneth the scourges that they bete our
lordes h*ody with and the tomes that he was crowned
with," &c. — Liber Festivalis, feria iiii. post ramos Pal.
fol. xxxiii.
This name of " Green Thursday " could not, as
some imagine, have originated from the verse of
Psalm xxii. aliter xxiii : " Dominus regit me, et
nihil mihideerit in loco pascuae ibi me collocavit"
— rendered in the Protestant version, "He maketh
me to lie down in green pastures " — for this rea-
son, that neither on this day, nor on any Sunday
or day of Lent, does the public office begin with
those words, as imagined.
By itself the conspicuous employment upon
such a solemn occasion of newly-gathered herbs
and boughs was quite as ready to suggest to Ger-
man minds the name of Oreen Thursday, as those
different incidents out of which arose the terms
" Shere " and " Maundy " were to make our own
countrymen bestow these epithets upon the same
day.
Here in England, though it is in France and
Italy, Holy Thursday is not another name for
Maundy Thursday, but for Ascension Day, or
the Thursday next be/ore Whitsunday, and the
term is employed as such in the table of Fasting-
days in the Book of Common Prayer. The wett-
flowering spoken of by Edwards in his Tour of the
Dove is not done on Maundy Thursday, but on
Ascension Thursday, and several times have I
gone, while living not far from the Dove, to
Tissington, to see it, and have referred to it in my
Hierurgia. D. ROCK.
GUANO.
(2nd S. i. 374. 482. 522. ; ii. 99.)
Though I am not able to fix the precise date at
which Peruvian guano was first used as a manure,
it may be interesting to MR. STEPHENS to be re-
ferred to the following passage in an old work
written in Spanish by Albano Barba, curate of
the parish of St. Bernards, in Peru, in 1640, and
translated in 1669 by the Earl of Sandwich, which
has been published in the last Journal of the Bath
and West of England Agricultural Society : —
" Cardanns, among his curiosities makes mention of
another kind of earth, antiently called Brittanica from the
Country where it is found ; they were fain to dig very
deep mines to come at it. It was white; and after they
separated the plate that it contained, they manured their
tilth fields with the earth, which were put in heart
thereby for one hundred years after. Out of Islands
in the South Sea, not far from the City of Ania, they
fetch earth that does the same effect as the last afore-
mentioned. It is called Guano, id est, Dung: not because
it is the dung of sea fowls, as many suppose, but because
of its admirable virtue in making ploughed ground fer-
tile. It is light and spongy, and t-hat which is brought
from the Island of Iqueyque is of a dark grey colour, like
unto tobacco ground small ; although from the Islands
nearer Ania, they get a white earth, inclining to sallow,
of the same virtue. It instantly colours water whereinto
it is put, as if it were of the best leigh, and smells very
strong. The quantities and virtues of this and of many
other samples of the New World, are a large field for
2«<> S. N° 36., SEPT. 6. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
195
ingenious persons to discourse philosophically upon, when
they shall bend their minds more to the searching out of
truth than riches."
The earth called Brittanica is of course marl :
which, in very early days, was much used in Eng-
land, and particularly in Kent and Sussex. In
the " Letters to Ralph de Nevill, Bishop of Chi-
chester, written by his Steward," and published
by Mr. Blaauw in the 3rd volume of The Sussex
Archaeological Collections, we have frequent notices
of its application to the land. Writing to the
bishop in 1222, he says :
" By the Grace of God all your affairs proceed pros-
perously in Sussex. I am using Marl at Selsey, with 2
Carts, as it is said that the Marl found there is the best ;
wherefore, if you should see it to be advisable that I
should use Marl with more Carts, I advise you should
procure from Sir Godescall, or elsewhere, 12 mares to
draw in the Carts, inasmuch as it is expedient for you
to procure them in those parts, because they are as dear
as Gold in Sussex. ... In like manner," he adds, " I am
using Marl at Watresfield with 5 Curts, and I much hope
that it will result to your advantage. ... In your manor
of Selsey, I am marling effectually, so that on the de-
parture "of this, five acres have been marled."
There are very few farms in the Weald of
Sussex without what are called their marl fields.
The use of lime and chalk has superseded that of
marl ; but the numerous marl-pits, which are now
commonly transformed into ponds, in which carp
and tench are kept, fish which were much more
esteemed by our ancestors than by ourselves, to
whom all the finny treasures of the deep are
open, prove how prevalent the custom of marling
once was. R. W. B.
EPITAPHS AT WINCHESTER.
(lrt S. xii. 424. ; 2nd S. ii. 64.)
If the doggerel verses on the tombstone of the
Hampshire Grenadier, in the churchyard of Win-
chester Cathedral, (which I venture to say are
utterly unworthy of a place in a Christian ceme-
tery,) were composed by a Dr. Hoadley, it is
clear, however, that the bishop of that name was
not the author. Possibly we may not be wrong
in fathering them upon his son, who was Chan"
cellor of Winchester, and dabbled in poetry,
though his works are now as little read as his
father's huge theological tomes. I wish to correct
an error in the copy of the memorial of Colonel
Boles, as printed in " N. & Q." In the eighth
line the word caught 'should be caused.
I send some epitaphs from the cloisters of Win-
chester College, which perhaps may be interesting
enough to have a place in " N. & Q." They are
all of the period immediately subsequent to the
Reformation ; and are curious, as indicating the
style and taste which prevailed in such composi-
tions, and which superseded the ancient formulary
(for such indeed it was) of t! Orate pro anima," and
Cujus animae propitietur Deus : Amen." They
are not altogether void of Christian sentiment,
nor even of prayer for the deceased ; but this is
often mixed up with what in some instances is
very like a pun, and in others with very queer
conceits, so that probably many persons may
think that they contrast somewhat unfavourably
with the ancient form. They are mostly engraved
on small oblong tablets of brass, inserted in the
walls, within a framework of stone.
On the west wall :
« Epi. M. Jo. Dol. Socii
Defuncti 3. Aprilis, 1560.
" Claustri pro foribus Dolberum ceme sepultum,
Umbrarum assessor, Janitor ille loci est :
Non malus ille fuit, qui verba novissima dixit,
O bone Christe, precor te miserere mei.
Sanctorum assessor, vel coali Janitor ut sit,
Funde pias Christo, lector amice, preces."
The point of this epitaph turns upon the place
of the interment, viz. the entrance of the cloisters.
Edmunde Hodson, Clerke, and Fellow of this College,
died the vii. of August, 1580.
" Whoso thow art, with lovinge harte,
StaHde, reade, and thinck on me ;
For as I was, so now thow arte ;
And as I am, so shalte thow be."
" Epit. Wil. Adkius in artibus
Magistri, et Socii istius Collegii.
Nolle tuum nihil est, ad magni velle Tonantis ;
Invitusque licet, nunc, Gulielme, jaces :
Ingenio tarn Isetus eras, quam corpore obesus,
Comodus [sic], et multa, non sine teste, fide :
Nunc te Christas habet; habeasque, o Christe, pre-
camur,
Nee tibi qui moritur, desinat esse tuus.
" Obiit xviii0 die Decembris A° MDLXI."
" Tho. Davison, obiit 20. Julii, 1586.
" Hie nunc denique Davisone putres ;
Triginta socius perennis annos ;
Vivens, ipse tibi nimis severus ;
Expirans, aliis satis profusus."
" Epitaphium Thome Geffres, sacre Theologie
Bacchll. olim hujus Colleg. Socii
Qui obiit 21° August. 1605.
" Quern Chamus puerum, juvenem Aula, virumque re-
cepit
Wenta, senem quern mors, hunc capit iste locus,
Talis erat, qualis, cui quaeque fuere rninuta,
Pectoris exceptis, ingeniique, bonis.
Musaao vixit, Musseo morte peremptus,
Conveniens vitae mors fuit illaa suae."
I am unable to explain the allusions in the first
line of this epitaph. It may be that the places of
his earlier education are intended. He was born
at Hertford, as appears by the register of admis-
sions of scholars to Winchester College, and was
196
NOTES AND QUEEIES.
[2nd S. N° 36., SEPT. 6. '56.
admitted as a scholar A.D. 1557, being then four-
teen years old. Are^We to understand by the last
couplet that he was a "bookworm," and even died
in the library ?
•
"Epitaphium Thomas Jones in legibus Bachilarii
quondam hujus Collegii Socii.
"Hie jacen, juvenis, prim urn civilia jura
Qui didici, qui idem sacra secutus eram ;
Qui vitam morbis variis, gravibusque peregi;
Tandem per te (Mors) hoc requieseo loco :
Jura mihi multum, plus pagina sacra placebat;
Nempe fuit morbis haec medicina meis.
" Dum vixit sepe in ore habuit, Satis diu vixi, si Dno
satis. Obiit 1G. die Sep1, An° Drii 1585.
On the east wall :
" Epitaphium Magistri Thomae Larke
nuper Socii istius Collegii. Ob. 16. Maii, 1582.
" Qui premor hoc tumulo dicor praenomine Thomas,
Cognomen fecit dulcis Alauda mihi.
Bis septem menses, ter septem presbyter annos,
Hie colui, cujus nunc fruor ore, Deum."
" Epitaphium Ro. Waltoni Socii hujus
Collegii. Defunct. 13. Jan. 1596.
" Postquam transegi centum, vel circiter, annos,
Longa mihi sed non curva senecta fuit.
Languor iuexhaustos quassans paralyticus artus.
Hiuc auimam coelo tradidit, ossa solo."
" Gulielmus Turner,
Hujus Collegii Clericus ; obiit 14°
die Martii, Anno Domini 1644.
" Olim cantica (musicaa peritus)
Dulci voce dedisti, et arte multa :
Et nunc longe, anima polis fruente,
Edis dulcius, peritiusque."
This is on a small slab of marble.
On the north wall :
" Epita. Georgii Flower in artibus Magistri.
" Ecce Georgius hoc Florus sub marmore dormit,
Floruerat, sed flos ille caducus erat.
Bis septem socius vix hie transegerat annos,
Mors pede quum pulsat, Florus ut hinc abeat.
" Obiit 18° die Xovembris, A° 1578."
" Epita. Jo. Clerke.
"Clatisus Joannes jacet hoc sub marmore Clerkus,
Qui fuit hie quondam presbiter et socius.
In terra roseos solitus stillare liquores,
In coulo vi\Tis nunc quoque gaudet aquis.
" Obiit x° die mensis Junii, 1571."
It would be useless to attempt to discover for
certain the authors of these epitaphs ; but some
of them appear to be in the style of Christopher
Jonson, well known among those acquainted with
Wykeharaical lore for his quaint effusions in Latin
verse, many of which were first given to the public
in a volume called The College of St. Mary Win-
ton, near Winchester, edited by the present Bishop
of St. Andrews, &c., and published by Parker,
Oxford, and Nutt, London, 1848. Jonson was
Head Master of Winchester School from 1560 to
1571, in which year he retired, and afterwards
practised as a physician in the parish of St. Dun-
Stan's in the West. There is a curious letter
written by him to Sir William Cecil, concerning
the misconduct of one Richard Lyllington, a
scholar of his, whom Cecil had befriended. It
may be seen in Ellis's Original Letters, 2nd Ser.
vol. ii. Letter CLXXXI. W. H. GUNNER.
XUjtlta* to #Unor
Brawn (1st S. xi. 366.) — A correspondent
finding that Brawn in Dr. King's Art of Cookery,
is spoken of in the same way as Kitcat and Locket,
thinks it probable that Brawn also kept a house
of entertainment. There is no doubt about it.
Brawn was celebrated as a cook, and kept the
" Rummer in Queen Street." King's Analogy
between Physicians, Cooks, and Playwrights, thus
opens :
" Though I seldom gat out of my own lodgings, I was
prevailed on the other day to dine with some friends at
the Rummer in Queen Street. . . . Sam Trusty would
needs have me go with him into the kitchen, and see
how matters went there. ... He assured me that
Mr. Brawn had an art, &c. I was, indeed, very much
pleased and surprised with the extraordinary splendour
and economy I observed there ; but above all, with the
great readiness and dexterity of the man himself. His
motions were quick, but not precipitate ; he in an instant
applied himself from one stove to another without the
least appearance of hurry, and in the midst of smoak and
fire preserved an incredible serenity of countenance."
That vulgar celebrity, Beau Brummel, accord-
ing to Mr. Jesse, spoke with a relish worthy a de-
scendant of the "Rummer" of the savoury pies
of his aunt Brawn, who then resided at Kilburn.
Aunt Brawn was the widow, I believe, of a grand-
son of the celebrity of Queen Street, who had
himself kept the public-house at the old Mews
Gate at Charing Cross. A. B. C.
Corn Measures (2nd S. ii. 131.) — The common
Winchester bushels of the sixteenth and seven-
teenth centuries were from a gallon of 272^ cubic
inches; and were therefore of 2178 cubic inches.
The statute 13 William III., intending no doubt
to preserve this gallon, defined the bushel as of
18£ inches diameter, and 8 inches high. But this
was a defective calculation ; for it gives a gallon
of 268*8 cubic inches. Subsequent statutes (as
45 George III.) paid no attention to this, and de-
fined the Winchester gallon as 272^ cubic inches.
The writer who says that the Winchester bushel
was a thirty-second part larger than the imperial
bushel is quite wrong. The only bushel, I believe,
which is one thirty-second larger than any other
S. NO 36., SEPT. 6. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
197
)ushel is the coal bushel of 12 Anne, which is a
quart larger than the Winchester bushel, exclu-
sive of the heaping. There are many odd state-
ments about weights and measures in common
books : and it is quite possible that, by successive
transfusion, the coal bushel one quart larger than
the Winchester bushel may have been altered into
the Winchester bushel one quart larger than the
imperial bushel. A. De MORGAN.
McTurh and Williams (q. of Flint), Families
of (2nd S. ii. 149.)— From the pedigree of Kelsall
of Bradshaw (Ormerod's Cheshire, vol. iii. p. 323.),
it would appear that there was not any connexion
between Mr. Smith Kelsall and the above families,
nor that of Walmsley of Coldcoates and Bashall.
Mr. Smith Kelsall, or his son Mr. Old field Kelsall,
if not both, were, I believe, solicitors ; and pro-
bably acted in that capacity to the families in-
dicated. Who succeeded to their business and
professional papers ? A satisfactory reply to this
Query might supply a solution of that of INVES-
TIGATOR. CESTRIENSIS.
"Nolo episcopari" (1st S. iv. 346.; 2nd S. ii.
155.) — The common opinion that a bishop-elect
expresses an unwillingness to accept the dignity,
has been usually referred to a mere vulgar error,
but has probably some better origin. Chamber-
layne, in his Present State of England, describing
" The Solemn Manner of making a Bishop," after
mentioning the issue of the Conge d'Eslire, pro-
ceeds thus :
" Then the Dean summons a Chapter, or Assembly of
the Prebendaries, who either elect the person recom-
mended by the King's Letters, or shew cause to the con-
trary. Next the Election is certified to the party elected,
•who doth modestly refuse it the first and second time ;
and if he doth refuse it a third time, then that being cer-
tified to his Majest3r, another is recommended."
I have not the earliest editions of Chamber-
layne's work, but I find the passage in two which
are now on my table : the " nineteenth," London,
1700 (p. 226.), and the " one-and-twentietb," ib.t
1704 (p. 230.).
As the Irish sees are conferred by Royal Letters
Patent, without even the form of an election, we
cannot deduce any evidence from them as to this
matter : but it might be worth while to inquire
what is the practice in the Scottish Episcopal
Church, and in the see of Sodor and Man on
such occasions ? ARTERUS.
Dublin.
"Carmina Quadragesimalia" (2nd S. ii. 130.) —
I have in my possession the two volumes of these
poems referred to by OXONIENSIS. They formerly
belonged to the Rev. Henry Sissmore, late Fellow
of Winchester College. In the second volume the
names of the authors of most of the poems have
been inserted in MS. by Mr. Sissmore, as I sup-
pose. If the information thus afforded will be of
any service to OXONIENSIS, I shall be happy either
to communicate it to him privately, or, if it is of
sufficient interest, (as I think it is,) to send it for
publication in " N. & Q." W. H. GUNNER.
[We shall be glad to receive these Notes. — ED. « N.
&Q."]
Double Christian Names (1st S. passim ; 2nd S.
i. 253. 384. 440.) — The earliest instance of a
double Christian name I have noted is in a deed
poll, dated 36 Edw. III. (A.D. 1363), from "Ste-
phen, son of John Fylip Curpel, of Fincham," in
co. Norfolk.
Another deed, dated 37 Edw. III., reads,
" Stephen, son of John Philip Curpel."
The Curpels were lords of a manor of that
name in Fincham. G. H. D.
Verstegan in the "Epistle to our English
Nation," prefixed to his Restitution of Decayed
Intelligence, 8fc.< says that his grandfather, " The-
odore Rowland Verstegan, was born in the Dutchy
of Geldres, and being a young man came to
England about the end of the raign of K. Henry
the Seventh." To this he appends the following
marginal note :
" It is often seen in Germany that either godfather at
Christning, giveth his name to his godson. And there-
fore it cometh that many have two proper names besides
their sirnames."
It would appear from this tint in 1605 (the date
of the epistle) double Christian names were so
rare in England that Verstegan thought it ne-
cessary to explain why Germans often had them.
Perhaps this very note of his once popular book
may have helped to introduce them into this
country.
I have often thought that much confusion of
persons would be avoided, and the investigations
of the genealogist much facilitated, if a custom
prevailed that every child^should bear its mother's
maiden surname immediately before its father's.
Thus the offspring of Thomas Smith and Mary
his wife — late Jones, spinster — would be named
Thomas Jones Smith, Sarah Jones Smith, &c.
Such a plan, if always followed, would not only
identify better persons bearing such common
names as those I have selected ; but would also
show what was the mother's maiden name, which
it is now so difficult to establish. E. G. R.
Christian Names (2nd S. ii. 29.) — F. asks the
meaning of the practice, which prevails in the
United States, of inserting a capital letter between
a Christian name and surname ? It is done
merely for distinction. The names of Mr. Polk
are " James Polk," and I saw it stated in a book
of American travels that the author had been in-
formed that the ex-president adopted the signature
of " James K. Polk " merely to ensure the safe
delivery of letters intended for him.
198
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2*1 S. NO 86., SEPT. 6. '56.
The following extract from Barnum's Autobio-
graphy seems to confirm this statement :
" Being in Albany on business in November, 1842, I
stopped one night in Bridgeport, Ct., my brother, Philo
F., keeping the Franklin Hotel at the time.
" I had heard of a remarkably small child in Bridgeport,
and by my request my brother brought him to the hotel.
He was the smallest child I ever saw that could walk
alone. He was not two feet in height, and weighed less
than sixteen pounds. He was a bright-eyed little fellow,
with light hair and ruddy cheeks, was perfectly healthy,
and as symmetrical as an Apollo. He was exceedingly
bashful ; but, after some coaxing, he was induced to con-
verse with me, and informed me that his name was
Charles S. Stratton, son of Sherwood E. Stratton.
" They arrived in New York on Thanksgiving Day,
December 8, 1842 ; and Mrs. Stratton was greatly asto-
nished to find her son heralded in my Museum bills as
Gen. Tom Thumb, a dwarf of eleven years of age, just
arrived from England ! "
Why is December 8th termed " Thanksgiving
Day ? " I cannot find that any public event con-
nected with America occurred on that day. Is it
a religious festival ? EIN FRAGER.
Germination of Seeds (2nd S. ii. 117.) —MR. R.
W. HACKWOOD asks if it be really a fact, that if
quick-lime be put on land which from time imme-
morial produced nothing but heather, the heather
will be killed, and white clover spring up in its
place ?
Nothing can be more certain than this: that
lime as a manure brings trefoil of some species,
where it never has appeared before, in the West
of Ireland ; where sea-sand (containing more or
less of lime) is a general manure for bog and
heath land. Every farmer is familiar with the
phenomenon of trefoil growing within a year or
so after sand-top dressing, on a wild mountain side,
where it never had been seen before. A. B. R.
In the deep cuttings made by railways various
strata become exposed to light and air. Travel-
ling, a short time ago, near Ross, I thought I
could detect a particular plant, I think it was
charlock, growing along the line of one of the
strata, and not on any of the others.
Have any of your readers noticed such a thing,
or will this hint induce them to do so in future,
and confirm the observation, if true ? T. W.
^ Family of Hogarth (2lld S. ii. 149.) — Mr. Wil-
liam _ Hogarth, the representative of the family
inquired after by SIGMA THETA, is, or recently
was, living at Clifton, near Penrith, and I believe
has taken great pains in tracing his family pedi-
gree- J. F. M.
Ten years since I stayed some days with one
of this family, with whom a young friend of mine
was " a mud student," that is, was a farming pupil.
This Mr. Hogarth died very lately, and gave up
his farm, near Wooler, in Northumberland, several
years since, on account of ill health. He was from
the Scotch side of the Border, full of anecdote
and information, and a very good specimen of a
gentle-minded man and "practical farmer. He
pronounced his name Hog-arth.
A. HOLT WHITE.
Southend.
The House of Brunswick and the Casting Vote
(2nd S. ii. 44. 97.) —Joseph Paice, Esq., M.P. for
Lyme Regis, Dorset, has had the .credit of giving
the casting vote for the succession of the House
of Hanover to the throne of this realm.
Statements to this effect have often appeared
in print, and have met with no contradiction.
The late Mr. Samuel Bagster, the publisher, and
founder of the Polyglot warehouse, Paternoster
Row, London, who was from Lyme Regis, once
invited me to see a medal given by Queen Anne
to Joseph Paice, Esq., M.P., at a Mr. F. (?) Gib-
son's, Turnham Green, a descendant of that
member of parliament. Having taken ray place
for the Continent I could not accept the invitation.
I believe this was in 1824. GEORGE ROBERTS.
Worthing.
Modern Judaism (2nd S. ii. 148.)—! will answer
DELTA'S Queries as briefly as possible.
A good deal of information, from a Gentile point
of view, may be got from Mill's work on the
British Jews, and from Ridley Herschel's small
work on the Jews of Poland. The best account,
however, is to be had in Jewish works ; a great
variety of which can be obtained at the bookshops
in the Minories and that neighbourhood.
The Jews are permitted to be landholders in
different countries ; but the law of Moses, which
commands the restoration of the land to the owner,
is applicable only to Palestine.
If the Jews were restored to Palestine, and had
their temple rebuilt, why ought they not to re-
sume sacrifices ? The law commanding sacrifices
has never been repealed ; and sacrifices are at
this day offered by the Samaritans at Naplous.
It would be impossible to determine what in-
fluence " Christianity, philosophy, and the general
progress of knowledge," have had " on the creed,
conduct, and habits" of the Jews. The Gentiles
have, no doubt, had a great influence on the Jews;
but probably the Jews have exerted a still greater
reciprocal action on the Gentiles — greater, be-
cause for thousands of years they have been so
firmly knit and massed together, whereas the
Gentiles have been continually fluctuating. One
day it is the Greeks, next day it is the Romans,
then it is the Moors, and now it is the British and
Americans that are influencing the Jews ; but the
Jews remain constant through the ages.
As to the restoration of the Jews, there can be
little doubt that one day it will be accomplished.
s. N° 36., SEPT. 6. '06.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
199
The people are bent upon it, and they will attain
their object. Since the days of the Roman em-
peror Julian, the chance of restoration was never
so wood as at this moment. The only thing, pro-
bably, that keeps the Jews quiet and cautious is
the extreme fanaticism of the Christians, who
fialit desperately every year about the holy places.
The Arabs are somewhat fanatical too about
sundry holy places in Palestine ; so that if the
Jews were to obtain possession of their ancient
inheritance now, they would be sure to rouse a
whole nest of hornets about their ears. The
scream of the railway whittle, however, will make
the foul fiend of fanaticism take his flight from
eastern lands, and then the ancient but long-lost
Jewish nation will reappear. THETA.
DELTA'S first Query is answered by a reference
to Modern Judaism, or a Brief Account of the
Opinions, Traditions, Rites, and Ceremonies of the
Jews in Modern Times, by John Allen, 8vo., Lon-
don, 1816. Lowndes notices it as " the best work
on modern Judaism in our language." J. F. M.
Portrait of Swift (2nd S. ii. 21. 96. 158.) —
G. N.'s original statement was this : " Faulkner
printed an edition of Dean Swift's Works in 1734."
C. inferred from it, and very naturally, that there
was an edition prior to the well-known edition of
1735. I believe this to be a mistake. It now
appears that G. N. has only a mutilated copy of
a fourth volume, and he learns "from some of the
inside title-pages to particular tracts " that it was
" Printed in the year MDCCXXXIV." I doubt this.
In the 4th vol. of edition of 1735 — 1735 observe
— one of the tracts, page 159, is stated to have
been "Printed in the year MDCCXXXIV." But
others, pp. 35. and 59. are said to have been
" Printed in the year MDCCXXXIII." The edition,
however, was published, as the title-page states,
in 1735, with the "Advertisement" quoted by
G. N., and I believe that G. N. will find the name
"Vert" on the miserable portrait to which he
refers, in the plate, on the step just above the
harp. If he still doubts the fact that he possesses
only a mutilated copy of the 4th vol. of the edit,
of 1735, will he have the kindness to forward it
for examination to the editor of " N. & Q."
P. O. S.
Aspasids Wart cured by Rose Leaves (2nd S.
ii. 130.) — What authority the writer referred to
by R. T. SCOTT may have had, I cannot say ; but
the story of the wart of the young Phocaian lady,
and its cure, is one of the many excellent anec-
dotes told by JElian. The twelfth book of the
noifcfAq 'lo-ropia (p. 471. of Conrad Gesner's edition)
opens with this subject. It tells us how the little
Aspasia (not the "companion" of Pericles, but
she who was subsequently the mistress of Cyrus),
being afflicted with this little tumour under her
chin, was taken by her father to a medical gentle-
man, who asked such a fee before he would apply
a remedy, that the sire, unable to pay it, took his
sorrowing daughter home again. It was on the
same night that there appeared to the latter, when
asleep, a charming pigeon, which transformed
itself into the figure of a most exquisite lady, — the
Queen of Love in short. The celestial visitant
enjoined Aspasia to have nothing to do with the
mercenary doctor, his salves, and his lotions, but
to apply to the tumour some rose-leaves from a
garland consecrated to Venus. This advice was
followed, and, of course, with the happiest results.
An amusingly quaint translation of this and the
other " divers anecdotes " of JElian will be found
in Woodcocke's edition, 1576.
The custom of washing the statue of the god-
dess and decorating it with roses, is thus noticed
by Ovid (Fast., lib. iv. 136., &c.) :
" Aurea marmoreo redimicula solvite collo:
Demite divitias : tota lavanda Dea est.
Aurea siccato redimicula reddite collo :
Nunc alii flores, mine nova danda rosa est."
J. DOR AN.
Prayer for Unity (2nd S. ii. 109.) — This beau-
tiful prayer is inserted in an edition of the Prayer-
Book in my possession, published in 1727, by
Baskett of Edinburgh. The Service now used on
the 20th of June was then used on the 1st of
August, being the day on which King George I.
commenced his reign. After the Service is the
usual notification as to its adoption, —
"Given at our Court at St. James's the 13th day of
June, 1715, in the First year of Our Reign. By His Ma-
jesty's command. — TOWNSHEND*"
I cannot supply the name of the author of this
touching composition. G. L. S.
Prologues and Epilogues to the Westminster
Plays (2nd S. ii. 68.) — C. J. DOUGLAS will find
some of the Prologues and Epilogues interspersed
among the Selecta Poemata Anglorum, published
in 1774 and 1776. To one of them is annexed
the classic name of Vincent Bourne. Dates are
placed to some, but others bear neither name nor
date. I believe it is now usual for the head
master to write the Prologue and Epilogue. A
complete collection would indeed be interesting
from their reference to the contemporaneous
events of the times. OXONIENSIS.
Punjab (2nd S. ii. 129.)— Your correspondent
G, L. S. will find all the information he requires
respecting the derivation of the names of the five
rivers in the Punjab in Thornton's Gazetteer of the
Countries adjacent to India. He will there see
that the Chinab or Chenaub is sometimes called the
Chandra- Ehaga, because it proceeds from a small
lake of that name which means the " Garden of
the Moon." B. S.
200
NOTES AND QUERIES.
tfo 36.
NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.
We do not know how, within the limits to which our
notices are necessarily confined, we can give our readers
any accurate notion of the vast amount of curious and
out-of-the-way illustration of the social condition of this
country in bvgone days which is to be found in Mr. Ko-
bertsVrecent.lv published work on this subject. Its ample
title-page, which we transcribe at length, will do much.
It is as follows: The Social History of the People of the
Southern Counties of England in past Centuries, illustrated
in regard to their Habits, Municipal Byelaws, Civil Processes,
fyc., from the Researches of George Roberts. But if we could
find' space for the list of subjects treated of by the bio-
grapher of Monmouth. in which he contrives, like the
celebrated Countess of Pembroke, to discourse of every-
thing from "predestination down to slea silk," our readers
would not require further assurance of the value and in-
terest of his volume. Let us give a few instances. From
" Presents to Great Men," it seems a natural transition to
"Vails to Servants." Visits of Stage Players, Hiring
of Preachers, Music in the Church, Pilgrimages to Saint
lago, Punishments of litigious Persons, the Tumbrel,
Pillory, Cucking-Stool, Public Whipping, Regulations
for Trade, Sanitary Measures, The Plague, Medical Prac-
tice, Witchcraft, Sumptuary Laws, Private Lotteries, The
Postal System, Introduction of Cliimnics, Precautions
against Fire, are but a few of the items illustrative of the
daily habits of our forefathers which the tact and in-
dustry of Mr. Roberts have here gathered together, at no
small" cost of labour and money. There is one passage in
his Introduction to which we would point, with the view
of keeping before the public mind those regulations of the
Prerogative Office which so much interfere with the in-
quiries of literary men. " 1 have paid," says Mr. Roberts,
" for inspection 'of some of the Records and Wills of my
country as if the result were to be my success in an affair
of thousands in a court of law, whereas I have only sought
knowledge, ' rich with the spoils of time.' " We now take
our leave of Mr. Roberts, with thanks for one of the most
amusing books which it has lately been our good fortune
to encounter.
\Ve regret to find that the managers of the Jlfarylebone
Free. T.ihrari/ have been compelled to issue the following
appeal, to which we would call the attention of all inter-
ested in the maintenance of free libraries: — "Shall the
only free library in the metropolis be closed? The
Trustees of this institution having reported, at a gene-
ral meeting convened for the purpose, that although the
Society was able to meet its liabilities up to the end of
the present year, it could not be carried on beyond that
time, I'or the want of suihVient annual subscriptions, and
must therefore be closed, — some gentlemen hitherto un-
connected with its management, and deeply regretting
such a state of things, have formed themselves into a
Special Committee, for the purpose, if possible, of averting
that result, and continuing to the working classes and
their children the intellectual advantages which they
now possess. The reading-rooms, which now contain
5000 volumes, and are available to the public every day
(Sunday excepted) from 10 in the morning till 10 at
night, were opened on January 9, 18.34; and from that
date to July 81, 18")(>, 73,:-) 1 2 readers have attended, as:d
7!>,-177 honks have been issued. In addition to the read-
ing-room, a lending library, containing 1,000 volumes,
established and conducted by working-men themselves,
is in full operation ; 5,73-2 volumes have been taken out,
none of which have been lost, nor has any case of wilful
damage occurred. The opportunities thus afforded of
reading at home are social advantages to which your at-
tention is especially directed. The Special Committee
having ascertained that about 2007. in addition to the
present annual subscription, will be sufficient to prevent
the closing of this institution, you are earnestly solicited
to come forward and help sustain this, the first and only
free library in the metropolis. H. HAYWARD, Hon. Sec.*"
The claims of the Free Lending Library as a means of
social improvement are so obvious, that we earnestly hope
this institution may be preserved.
BOOKS RKCKIVED. — The Vade Mecum for Tourists in
France and Belgium. Compact in form, concise in ar-
rangement, this little volume, which would almost go
into the waistcoat pocket, will be found well deserving of
its name, for it is fairly said of it that " it contains every-
thing the traveller is likely to want, and nothing more."
Index Rerum, or Index of Subjects intended as a Manual
to aid the Student and the Professional Man in preparing
himself for usefulness, 8fc. With an Introduction, 8fc. By
the Rev. John Todd. A new and cheaper edition of this
useful and popular Common -Place Book.
A Treatise on the Cure of Stammering. By James
Hunt. A second edition of Mr. Hunt's treatise on a
branch of medical science which he has most successfully
cultivated, as is manife'st from the many testimonials to
that success which are scattered through the volume.
BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES
WANTED TO PURCHASE.
JOWETT ON THE TuEssALONiANs. 2 Vols. 8vo. First Edition.
*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, carriaye free, to be
sent to VlKssiis. BKLI, & DALUY, Publishers of'iNOTES AND
QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.
Particulars of Price, Ac. of the following Books to be sent direct to
the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and ad-
dresses are given for that purpose :
DR. PRIESTLEY'S CHART OP BIOGRAPHY.
Wanted, for a Military Library, various Histories of different Regi-
ments, their Campaigns, &c.
Wanted by James Dour/las, Junior, Cavers, Hawick, N. B.
to
We are competed to postpone until next week man?/ interesting com-
munications, inrlndiinf Port AN A ; SHAKSPEAHIANA ; Was Daniel Wray,
Juuius, &c. ; DOOCBANA : Charles Cotton, #c.
II. T." (Sheffield), will find a f nil account of the" Emstolcc Obscitro-
riun Viroruni,"' from the able pen O/MR. SINGER, in " N. & Q,," 1st S. ii.
PHILO is thanked. Our excellent contemporary The Gentleman's
Miijrazine duly records the procee-iinr/s of all Antiquarian Sodi-tiex, anil
prc^erres Obituaries of all who die and lea re a name behind them ; and
what our contemporary does so well, we may leave in his hands.
X. G. Not at present.
PILLORY'S u'ixh has been anticipated'. " Les beaux esprits, &c." We
hn/ie sh-irtln t" lii>/ iicfire our readers so/ne curious and copious Notes on
Edmund Curl).
INDEX TO THE FIRST SERIES. As this is now published, and the im-
prexxion is a limited one, such of our readers as desire copies wo'dd do
well to intimate their wish to their respective booksellers without delay.
Our publishers, MI-SSRS. BELL & DALOY, will forward copies by post on
receipt of a Post Office Order for Five Shillings.
"NOTES AND QUERIES" is publish*'! at noon on Friday, so that the
Country nook^-Uers ma// n'ceire Copies in that night's parcels, and
deliver them to their Subscribers on the Saturday.
"NOTTS AVD QCTF.RIES" is also issued in Monthly Parts, for the con-
venience of those irfiq may either hare a difficulty in procuring the un-
staniped weekly \umbers, or prefer receiriiifi it monthly. While parties
ri'XHh-nt hi the country or abroad, who may be desirous of receiving the
in* /.•'// .\u>iibi'rn, may have starnr«'d copies forwarded direct from the
J'ti/i/ix/ier. The subscription for the stamped edition of " NOTKS AND
QUERIES" (including a rcry copious Index} is eleven sltiUinfis and four-
pence for six months, which may be paid by Post Office Order, drawn in
favour of the Publisher, MR. GEOROJS BELL, No. 186. Fleet Street.
2nd S. NO 37., SEPT. 13. '56.]
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
201
LONDON, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 13, 1856.
POPIANA.
" The Progress of Dulness" — Some time since,
when suggesting for the consideration of those
engaged in the investigation of Pope's Life and
Writings the great probability that two keys to
THE DuNcr.-VD — one friendly and one the reverse
— were given to the world (1st S. xii. 161.), I
promised to call attention to a tract connected
with that satire, which, as far as I know, has
never been described.
By the kindness of the gentleman to whom it
belongs I now fulfil that promise ; though in doing
so I fear I shall disappoint those who are interested
in the subject. It has already been shown (ante,
1st S. x. 129.) that THE DUNCIAI> was originally
intended to be called DULNESS ; and further that,
when The Dunciad was published, there appeared
on the verso of the last page of the third issue or
edition, the following advertisement : " Speedily
will be published, The Progress of Dulness, an
Historical Poem, By an Eminent Hand. Price
Is. 6d."
What the Progress of Dulness was has never, I
believe, been made out. The tract to which I am
about now to call attention is a tract so entitled,
and may be the one advertised ; though as I have
before suggested the existence of two keys to The
Dunciad, I am here compelled to admit the doubt
whether there may not be two DULNESSES, inas-
much as this bears on its title-page " Price One
Shilling" not " One Shilling and Sixpence," as
the advertisement stated.
The following is a copy of the title :
" THE PROGRESS OF DULNESS. By an Eminent Hand.
Which will serve for an Explanation of the Dunciad.
* Nought but Himself can be his Parallel.' — Theob.
'Dulness o'er all possess'd her ancient Right,
Daughter of Chaos and eternal Night :
Fate in their Dotage this fair Ideot gave,
Gross as her Sire, and as her Mother grave,
Laborious, heavy, husy, bold, and blind,
She rul'd, in native Anarchy the Mind.'
Dune.
London : Printed in the Year M.DCC.XXVIII. (Price One
Shilling.) "
This is followed by an address from " The Pub-
lisher to the Reader," which is so short that it
may be as well to insert it in this place.
" The Publisher to the Reader.
" This Poem will (according to the Publick Notice we
have given, and to our present Title-Page} fully explain
our DUNCIAD. For as all Rivers derive their Source from
some, perhaps imperceptible, Spring, yet here our Reader,
by a faithful Clue, will be gradually'led to the Spring-
Head of DULNESS. And without having Recourse to Dr.
Pemberton's Unravelment of the most intricate Philo-
sophy, we may now trace the GODDESS through all her
'
Labyrinthical Mazes from Windsor- Forest, to Twicken-
Aam-Highway, and even there perceive the Workings of
the subterraneous Conclave.
" May this Publication be a Tabula Votiva of my Gra-
titude; for since, through all the Arts, either of Rising,
or Sinking, in POETRY, the Author has ever vouchsafed
to Remember Me ; may my Right- Hand forget its Cunning,
whenever I forget Him.
" N.B. The following Piece, as well as the DUNCIAD,
was wrote in the late Reign."
Then follows the poem, which, as it will probably
never be reprinted by any editor of Pope, ma
fairly be added to the illustrations of that poet'
writings which have already appeared in the co-
lumns of " N. & Q." Unfortunately the verses
are disfigured by the same coarseness which dis-
tinguishes so many of the writings of this period.
" THE PROGRESS OF DULNESS.
" To Duncan Campbell.
" As Denham Sings, Mysterious 'twas, the same,
Should be the Prophet's and the Poet's Name ; *
But while the Sons of Genius join to Praise,
What Thine presaging dictates to their Lays,
The things, they sweetly sing, and You foreshew,
Open the iSa/n/won-Riddle to our View ;
Strong are thy Prophecies, their Numbers sweet,
And with the Lion, Combs of Honey meet.
" Late on Fantastic Cabalistic Schemes,
Of waking Whimsies, or of Fev'rish Dreams,
, New Cobweb Threads of Poetry were spun, ~\
In gaudy Snares, like Flies, were Witlings won, V
Their Brains entangled, and our Art undone. J
" Pope first descended from a Monkish Race,
Cheapens the Charms of Art. and daubs her Face ;
From Gabalis,-f his Mushroom Fictions rise,
Lop off his Sylphs - and his Belinda J dies ;
Th' attending Insects hover in the Air,
No longer, than they're present, is She Fair ;
Some dart those Eye-beams, which the Youths beguile,
And some sit. Conquering in a dimpling Smile.
Some pinch the Tucker, and some smooth the Smock, '
Some guard an Upper, some a Lower Lock ;
But if these truant Body-Guards escape,
In whip the Gnomes and strait commit a Rape ;
The curling Honours of her Head they seize,
Hairs less in Sight, or any Hairs they please ;
But if to angry Frowns, her Brow She bends,
Upon her Front some sullen Gnome descends ;
Whisks thro' the Furrows, with its Airv Form,
Bristles her Eye-brows, and directs the Storm.
" As wide from these, are Addisonian Themes,
As Angels Thoughts are from distemper'd Dreams ;
Spenser and He, to Image Nature, knew,
Like living Persons, Vice and Virtue drew : *
At once instructed and well-pleas'd we read,
While in sweet Morals these two Poets laid,
No less to Wisdom, than to Wit, pretence,
They led by Music, but they led to Sense.
" But Pope scarce ever Force to Fancy joins, "i
With Dancing- Master's Feet equips his Lines, >
Plumes empty Fancy, and in Tinsel shines. J
* ( Vales') See, The Progress of Learning, by Lord Lans-
downe.
t See, The History of the Count de Gabalis, from
whence He has taken the Machinery of his Rape of the
Lock.
J Mrs Arabella Fermor.
202
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
[2nd s. NO 37., SEPT. 13. '56.
Or, if by chance his Judgment seems to lead,
Where one poor Moral faintly shews its Head ;
'Tis like a Judge, thdt reverendly drest,
Peeps thro' the Pageants, at a Lord May'rs Feast ;
By Starts he reasons, and seems Wise by Fits,
Such Wit's call'd Wisdom, that has lost its Wits.
"Un-nam'd by me this witling Bard had been,
Had not the Writer's caus'd the Reader's Sin ;
But less by Comedies and lewd Romances,
Are ruin'd*, less by French lascivious Dances,
Than by such Rhimer's Masqueraded Fancies..
" From such, the Root of Superstition grew,
Whose Old Charms fertile, daily branch'd in New ;
From such Chimeras first inspir'd, the Fair,
The Confrers Ring Approach'd and Jesuits Chair ;
ThrongM to the Doors, where Magic Rogues Divin'd,
And sold out Ignes-fatui to the Mind.
" Wizards and Jesuits differ but in Name,
Both Daemon's Envoys, and their Trade the same ;
Weak Wills they lead, and vapour'd Minds command,
And play the Game into each others Hand ;
Like Spiritual luglers at the Cup and Ball,
Rising by foolish Maids, that long to Fall.
Some into Love they Damn, and some they Pray,
For Green-sick Minds are caught a different way ;
To the same End, tho' several Paths, they run,
Priests to Undo, and Maids to be Undone;
Some blacker Charms, some whiter Spells cajole,
As some lick Wall, and some devour a Coal.
Here Ladies, strong in Vapours, see Men's Faces
Imprinted in the Conjurers dazling Glasses,
There, when, in Spring Time, the too praying Priest,
Toasts, and does something better, to the Best
A Spouse is promis'd on next Baptist's* Feast.
First some young Contrite Rake's enjoin'd to Marry
Lest Madam's forc'd to squeak for't — or — Miscarry:
In June, the Lass does to the Fields repair,
Where good Sir Domine just took the Air.
When 0 strange Wonder! near a Plantane-Root,
She finds a Coal and so a Spouse to boot,
She longs to Dream — and to secure the Sport
That very Day the Youth design'd must Court,
He does — She struck with rapture and delight,
Bespeaks her Fancy strongly Dreams at
Night.
The yielding Fair, the ravish'cl Youth obtains, ~|
A Maid she passes so his Child's free gains, >
lie has the Pleasure, yet is sav'd the Pains. J
Thus when Priest's Wench — to cure the growing Evil
Poor St. John Baptist must forerun the Devil.
" But if the Ladies fall, at fall of Leaf,
Or in the Winter still there's fresh relief;
Let her Lace close four Months, and if she can
St. Agnes ^ heals the Breach, and brings the Man.
Thus a lewd Priest to Vapour'd Virgins cants
And into Pimps reverts his Vestal-Saints.
" O ! dire Effects of Masqu'd Impiety !
And shall they (Christian Muse!) have Aids from
Thee;
Wilt Thou, like witty Heathens, lewdly given,
To a Gehenna Metamorphose Heaven ?
Wilt Thou, 0 no forbid th' uuhallow'd
Song ?
Such Prophanations to Rome's Bard belong.
Let OXK, who Gods and Goddesses adores
Paint them like Rakes and Bullies, Bawds, and Whores.
* See, the Dedication of M. Campbell's Life,
f S«e, Ibid,
to Please by")
he gains, C
I's Strains. J
" Our Genij, CAMPBELL, shall be all Divine, ")
Shall high o'er Theirs as much distinguish'd shine, V
As o'er such Priests or Chiromancers, Thine. J
Thine, which does future Time's events Command
To leap to Sight, and in thy Presence stand,
Thine, whose Eyes glowing with a gifted Ray, "i
New Roads of Life o'er Wisdom's Alps survey, >
And guide benighted Travellers to Day. J
Let Me, for once, a daring Prophet be ~\
Mark from this Hour and Poetry thou'lt see >
Date a new ^ra from thy Book and Thee ; J
Thy Book, where, thro' the Stories, thou hast laid,
All Moral Wisdom's to the Mind convey'd ;
And thus far Prophecy's each Page, that all
Must rise by Virtues, or by Vices fall.
" Poets shall blush to see their Wit outdone,
Resume their Reason, and assert it's Throne,
Shall Fables still for Virtues-sake Commend
And Wit the means, shall Wisdom make its End.
"Who hopes to Please, shall strive to Please by"
Pains,
Shall gaining Fame, earn hard whate'er he
And DENHAM'S Morals join, to DENHAM'S '
Here Paint the Thames'* 'When running to the Sea
' Like Mortal Life to meet Eternity.
There show both Kings and Subjects ' one excess,
' Makes both, by striving to be Greater, Less.
Shall climb, and sweat, and falling, climb up still,
Before he gains the height of Cooper's Hill.
" In Windsor- Forest,^ if some trifling Grace, ~i
Gives, at first Blush, the whole a pleasing Face, >
'Tis Wit, 'tis true ; but then 'tis Common Place.)
The Landscape- Write?; branches out a Wood,
Then digging hard for't, finds a Silver Flood.
Here paints the Woodcock quiv'ring in the Air,
And there, the bounding Stag and quaking Hare.
Describes the Pheasant's Scarlet- circled Eye,
And next the slaughtering- Gun, that makes him Die.
From common Epithets that Fame derives,
By which his most uncommon Merit lives.
'Tis true ! if finest Notes alone could show,
(Tun'd justly high, or regularly low,)
That we should Fame to these mere Vocals give,
POPE more, than we can offer, should receive.
For, when some gliding River is his Theme,
His Lines run smoother, than the smoothest Stream;
Not so, when thro' the Trees fierce Boreas blows,
The Period blustring Avith the Tempest grows.
But what Fools Periods read, for Periods sake?
Such Chimes improve not Heads, but make 'em Ach ;
Tho' strict in Cadence on the Numbers rub,
Their frothy Substance is Whip-Syllabub;
With most Seraphic Emptiness they roll,
Sound without Sense, and Body without Soul.
" Not such the Bards, that give you just Applause,
Each, from intrinsick Worth, Thy Praises draws,
Morals, in ev'ry Page, where -e'er they look,
They find divinely scatter'd thro' thy Book :
They find Thee studious, with Praise-worthy strife,
To smooth the future Roads of Human Life,
To help the Weak, and to confirm the Strong,
Make our Griefs vanish, and our Bliss prolong,
With Phineus' equal find thy large Desert
And in Thy Praise would equal Milton's Art.
" Some Fools, we know, in spite of Nature born,
Would make thee Theirs, as they are Mankind's Scorn,
* See Cooper's Hi/I.
t See, Pope's String of Verses, upon this Subject, with-
out any Connection)
2nd s. N° 37., SEPT. 13. '56.]
NOTES AND QUEBIES.
203
For still 'tis one of Truth's unerring Rules
No Sage can rise without a Host of Fools.
Coxcombs, (by whose Eternal Din o'ercome,
The Wise, in just revenge, might wish them Dumb.)
Say, on the World Your Dumbness you impose,
And give You Organs they deserve to lose.
Impose, indeed, on all the World you would,
If You but held your Tongue, because you could ;
'Tis hard to say, if keeping Silence still,
In one, who, could he speak, would speak with Skill,
Is worse, or Talk in These, who Talk so ill.
Why on that Tongue, should purposed Silence dwell
Whence every Word would drop an Oracle ?
More Fools of thy known Foresight make a Jest,
For all hate greatest Gifts, who share the least
(As Pope calls Dryden often to the Test.*)
Such from thy Pen, should Irwin's Sentence f wait
And at the Gallows, own the Judge of Fate,
Or, while with feeble Impotence they rail
Write Wonders on, and with the Wise prevail.
" Sooner shall Denham cease to be renown'd,
Or Pope for Denham's Sense quit empty Sound,
To Addison's Immortal heights shall rise,
Or the Dwarf reach him in his native Skies.
Sooner shall real Gypsies grow most fair,
Or false ones, mighty Truths, like thine, declare,
Than these poor Scandal- Mongers hit their Aim,
And blemish Thine, or CURLL'S acknowledg'd Fame.
" Great Nostradamus thus, his Age advis'd,
The Mob his Counsels jeer'd, some Bards$ despis'd
Him still, neglecting these, his Genius fir'd,
A King encourag'd, and the World admir'd ;
Greater (as Times great Tide increas'd) He grew,
When distant Ages prov'd what Truths he knew ;
Thy nobler Book, a greater KING§ receiv'd,
Whence I predict, and Claim to be believ'd,
That by Posterity, less Fame shall be,
To Nostradamus granted, than to Thee ;
Thee ! whom the best of KINGS does so defend
And (My self Barring) the best Bards commend.
"H. Stanhope.
"White-Hall
June 6. 1720."
Who this H. Stanhope was I leave to some one
more familiar than I am with the writers of that
age to decide.
From the following passage from The Curliad
it might be inferred that H. STANHOPE was a name
assumed by BOND ; if so, probably the satire alluded
to is this PROGRESS OF DULNESS.
" Thou callest my Affirmation in question concerning
Mr. Bond, and most impertinently enquirest where his
Satire against Mr. Pope is to be found f Enquire but of
One, who (thou say'st in thy Coll of Test., p. 18.) takes
the name of H. Stanhope and thou may'st know further ;
for the Verses thou hast cited in the said 18th page will
like a faithful Fescue, point thee some others, in the
same copy, of a different nature. Thou also askest, Where
was such a writer as Bond ever heard of? Take this
Answer, he hath published an additional (Ninth) Volume
to the Spectator — a New Version of Tasso hath he at-
tempted — An original Poem called Buckingham House
* See, many Places of his Notes on Homer.
t See Mr. Campbell's Life. pag. 140.
% Alluding to this Verse, sed cum falsa Damns, nil nisi
Nostra Damus.
§ King GEORGE the 1st.
after the manner of Cooper's Hill), did he inscribe to the
ate Duke, who told him, that the said Poem would last
uch longer than the Building it praised."
But perhaps the Dedication and continual re-
erences to " Duncan Campbell " may throw some
ght on the authorship. Both the Defbes, father
and son, had been hit hard in The Dunciad ; and
he father was fond of verse making, and the Pro-
gress of Dulness may have been a specimen of his
art. While on the other hand, these continual al-
usions may have only been a trick for bringing
under public notice the recently published Life of
Campbell, of which Defoe was the writer, and Curll
;he publisher.
But to proceed with our description of this
Tract. The poem occupies the first eight pages of
the work, and is followed by twenty-one pages of
Observations on Windsor Forest, the Temple of
Fame, and The Rape of the Lock," &c. Pp. 30,
31. are filled with " Verses presented to the
Countess of Warwick, occasioned by Mr. Pope's
impudent Satire on Mr. Addison," which are
signed " J. Markland."
>l DUNCIADIANA. Verses to be inserted in the
next Edition of the Dunciad" is the title of the
next division, which occupies only two pages ; and
as the verses are short, it would be a pity to omit
them.
" Homer describing the divine Abodes,
Mingled a crippled Vulcan with his Gods.
And the same Bard, when he his Heroes sings,
Crouds a Thersites in, among his Kings,
A crooked, petulant, malicious Wight,
Unfit for Converse, Friendship, Love, or Fight ;
The Scum and Shame of Greece, whose Mother Nature,
Impress'd the Scoundrel strong on e.v'ry Feature.
" Should HOMER now revive, and sing agen,
Of Gods immortal, and of God-like Men,
As a strong Foil, he'd make his Murd'rer POPE,
The Vulcan and Thersites of the Group.
" The Evidence summed up.
" Nor Rhimer is Theobald, nor Critic is Pope,
Nor does Gay for a Conjurer pass ;
Arbuthnott and Swift may join Forces, I hope,
And 'tis easy to find out the Ass."
And this last quatrain is followed by an Adver-
tisement in the following lines :
"The Impatience of the Publick for this Work, has
obliged Us to divide it into two Parts. The last of which
shall be published soon after the Holydays, under the
Title of the POPEIAD. Printed for E. Curl/ in the
Strand.
"TWICKENHAM, "A. P.
Whitsun-Eve, J. S.
1728." J. G."
The work concludes on the thirty-fourth page
with the very curious narrative about Mr. . Curll
and Mr. Lewis's Keys to The Dunciad, which [
formerly laid before the readers of " N. & Q."
(1st S. xii. 161.)
204
NOTES AND QUERIES.
Although the work is without publisher's name,
there can be little (^ntibt from his address that
that publisher was Pope's — sometimes dupe and
sometimes tormentor — Edmund Curll. The style
would establish that. fact: but, independently of
that, it is established by the advertisement just
printed ; by the list of " New Editions of Books "
at the end of the tract, which consists of books
Curll is known to have published; and by the cir-
cumstance that on the title-page of CODRUS, or
the Dunciad Dissected, Printed for E. Curll in the
Strand, 17->8. Price 6d., we read, "Where may
be had THE PROGRESS OF DULNESS, THE POPE-
IAD, and a Key to the DUNCIAD. Price 2*. Qd"
There is a story told of a noble lord who, after
purchasing a pony, with the appearance of which
he had been greatly struck, asked the seller what
his faults were. " He has only two," was the
reply, "first he's very hard to catch, and next,
he's worth very little when you've caught him."
I fear the same may be said of many of the pam-
phlets and flying-sheets of bygone days, which one
desires to get hold of, in the hope of their throw-
ing light upon obscure points of literary history.
The Progress of Dulness has proved very hard to
catch. I hope the readers of " N. & Q." may not
think it worth very little now they have got hold
of it. WILLIAM J. THOMS.
EARLY INVENTORY.
Among a large collection of newspaper-cuttings
that has just come into my possession I have found
the following. It seems worthy of preservation in
"N. &Q." K. P. D. E.
" To the Editor of the l Lancaster Gazette:
" SIR, — If you think the accompanying transcript of
an original document, in my possession, worth insertion,
it is at your service. It is singular for its orthography,
and interesting as giving a list of the goods, with the
valuation, of a small farmer of the period. The inventory
is on parchment, and well written in the peculiar hand of
the time, and appears to have been for some testamentary
purpose. As several of the terms are obsolete, I append a
glossary, " I am, Sir, &c.
" Doncaster, March 21, 1842. «W. S. Jun.
" 1586.
" The Inventorie of all ye goods moveable & unmove-
able yt waa Wyllm. Atkynsons of haytefeld Woodhouse
w'thu ye pshinge* of haytefeld latelye dysceasaed &
praysed by iiijor honest men the thyrde daye of Januarie
Andrew Marre John Woomwok Kychart Atkynson & Ry-
chart Watson 1586.
In p'imis his purse girdell & moneye in it - ijs
It all his apperell - - ijs
It ij payr ot lynyng shetsb - - xvs
It iij matterresses - - vijs
It ij payr of hemp ware & une payr of harden
shctsc - ixs
It ij towels - ... jijs
xs
iijs
vis
ijs
It bolsters pyllowbers and pyllowes* - - viijs
It ij coverlets - - - ijs
It one payre of bedstocks
It iiijor chests and arkese
It hemp & lyne crackled & uncrackledf
It all ye candelryshes about ye houses
It one'crakle & an old chest h
It iiijor brasse potts better & worse -
It iiijor panes better and worse
It x pece of pewder1 -
It iij candelstyckes ij skomers & ij salts k
It one reckinge one payre of tonges one payre
pothokes1 -
It flesh at ye roofem -
It one spet one fryinge pan one brandreth one
hatchet one spade n
It kyts stands lombes boules dyshes chyrii
flackets & one old syth°
It bords shelves & quyshinges P
It two kyne & ij styrkesi
It have & corne in ye lath with straw
It cofne growing upon ye gronde
It ij stees wth maner and fewell1
It iiij gesse yonger & elder - *
It iiij henes and a cok *
It hustments about ye house8 *
Sua totalis •
" Debts yt I dyd ow.
In p'imis to John Spyvye for a met of rye*
It to John Woonnvok one bushell of rye u
It Rychart Atkynson ye yonger
It to Rychart Atkynson ye elder
It to Agnes Stones
It to Margery e Sausbye
It to Robert Gamble for pease
It to Agnes Atkynson my daughter -
Sua totalis -
Given in declaration
by me John Hudson."
xid
viijd
viijd
xiiijd
iijs viijd
xvid
iijs
!Jf. ,.
n ij h
xyiijs
xiiis iiijrf
iijs iiijd
ij*
xxd
xi/i vijs xd
viijc?
vie?
xiirf
xiic?
iiij*
vie?
vs
xvs viijcZ
rM xijs ijd
a Parish.
b Sheets.
c Ware — uncertain, the word is not clear in the ori-
ginal.
d Pillowbers — pillow cases.
e Arke — a chest to put corn or fruit in.
f Probably hackled and unhackled, or dressed and un-
dressed.
s Rushlights, or candles with rush wicks.
h Crakle — the instrument by which the hemp or line
was dressed. Pece— the old form of spelling piece.
1 Pewter dishes and plates.
k Skomer — a skimmer or shallow vessel to take off
cream.
1 Reckinge — an iron bar across the chimney, on which
to suspend culinary utensils. Pothokes — the hooks at-
tached to the bar. "
<P Salted meat.
n Brandreth — a trivot, an iron with three feet to set a
vessel over the fire.
0 Lombes boules — bowls out of which lambs were
fed ; sheep are not mentioned in the inventory, but the
use of these bowls shows that they were at that time
bred in those low lands. Churn flackets — churn barrels
or bottles.
P Quyshinges — cushions.
1 Kyne — cows. Styrkes — stirks or steers. There is
no mention of horses ; the stirks would be used for plough-
ing and other draught purposes.
r Stees — ladders. Maner — manure.
2nd S. NO 37., SEPT. 13. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
205
8 Hustments — hostilements, or furniture, utensils,
household goods ; possibly fixtures and sundries not
enumerated are intended.
* & u The difference of price of the met and bushel of
rye, 3s. for one and 8d. for the other, would almost lead
to the inference that the measures were not of the same
quantity. It is stated in Miller that, in 1556, before har-
vest, rye was sold for 2s. per quarter, and after harvest a
bushel of rye for a pound of candles, which was four
pence.
BP. JEBB S
PRACTICAL, THEOLOGY :
AT END OF LITANY.
SUFFRAGES
This Note is intended to answer two Queries.
The first is in the 2nd S. ii. 68. The passage in
Bishop Jebb's Practical Theology referred to as
stating the benefits arising from the presence of
non-communicants, is, I suppose, the following :
" For my own part, if I wished to give an intelligent
stranger, of good taste and of religious temper, a favour-
able impression of our Irish Clergy, I should be apt to
lead him unawares into one of our remote and unfre-
quented country churches, and there to let him hear an
unpretending pastor offer up his own prayers, and the
prayers of two or three villagers, gathered together in the
name, and for the worship of their common Master. . It
was in a church of this description that an incident oc-
curred some years ago, which may hot be unworthy of
your Lordships' notice. A French lady, of the Roman
Catholic religion, well educated, and of intellectual habits,
chanced, on a Sunday morning, to attend Divine Service
in this church. The Sacrament was to be administered ;
the lady asked permission to remain and witness its cele-
bration. A single clergyman officiated, and as the con-
gregation was small, the communicants were very few;
but on returning with the friends whom she accompanied,
she declared that, though accustomed to the splendid
ritual of her own church, in all the pomp and circum-
stance of continental worship, so awful a service she had
never witnessed in her life," — " Speech in the House of
Lords on the Church in Ireland ; " Practical Theology.
vol. ii. p. 389.
The .same fact is related more briefly in his
Charge, Pract. Theol, vol. L p, 376., where the
communicants are stated to have been about
twelve. It is clear that Bishop Jebb's remarks do
not sanction the habitual attendance of non-com-
municants. The above case was one of special
permission, accorded to satisfy a very laudable
curiosity, or rather interest.
The second Query occurs in 2nd S. ii. 171. In
my work on the Church Service I have endea-
voured to explain the peculiarities alluded to$ as
follows (p. 425.) :
" The second part of the Litany begins with the Lord's
Prayer. This part again hag four subdivisions, of A cha-
racter essentially different from any in the former. Each
of these subdivisions has a versicle interposed, namely,
' 0 Lord, deal not with us after our sins,' with its re-
sponse ; the Gloria Patri ; and, ' O Lord, let thy mercy be
shewed upon us,' with its response. These versicles and
responses are distinguished from the other suffrages by
having the words ' Priest ' and « Answer ' prefixed (ex-
cept in the Gloria Patri, which wants the word ' Priest,'
but has ' Answer') ; and by being each a verse from the
Psalms, or that hymn which always accompanies
psalmody, hemistichally recited. The 'first subdivision
consists of the Lord's Prayer ; the second of two prayers
like collects (the latter being a verse from the 44th
Psalm), each of which, instead of Amen, has a response,
a sort of antiphon, taken also from the 44th Psalm. From
the occurrence of the Gloria Patri here, I cannot but think
that these praj'ers and responsals, or antiphons, peculiar
in their structure to this part of the Litany, are vestiges
of the psalmody which anciently accompanied the Li-
tanies ; as in the Roman. Greater Litany, where the 69th
Psalm is used. This is confirmed by the use of the earlier
Prayer Books, where the Gloria Patri was repeated as in
the Psalms ; not as now, by verse and response. . .
The occurrence of the Gloria Patri in the Responsoria
Brevia of the Roman offices indicates a like vestige of
psalmody, which formerly was used in these places. The
third subdivision consists of suffrages and responses,
different from the versicles. They each form a complete
sentence; the part of the priest and people not being ne-
cessarily continuous. They are not taken from the
Psalms, and are special addresses to our Saviour. They
are printed in a different manner from the versicles,"
[which throughout the Prayer Book are generally taken
from the Psalms, and in which the verse and response are
continuous,] " the people's part being distinguished from
the priest's solely by a variety of type. . . . The last
subdivision comprehends the collects and prayers, analo-
gous to the conclusion of the larger Western Litanies.
The versicles of the Litany thus accurately discriminate
the several characteristic changes ; and their function in
this respect is analogous to their frequent use in the
Breviary, and to the Ecphonesis in the Oriental forms,
being generally an announcement of a change in the form
of prayer."
Since the above work was written I have not
been aware of any other attempt at explanation.
Indeed, I greatly lament that so little critical at-
tention has been given to the construction of the
Prayer Book, so much more recondite and ex-
quisite than any of us now may imagine. It
would be well lor those who are so urgent for
pulling it to pieces and mutilating it first to
give a little more attention to this important view
of the subject. JOHN JEBB.
Dismissal of Non- Communicants. — The state-
ment that Bishop Jebb, in his Practical Theo*
logy, had noticed the benefits of the opposite
practice is, I think, a mistake. The fine sermons
on the Liturgy preached in Cashel Cathedral in
1807 are entirely laudatory, and suggest no im-
provement in matter or ibrm. His object is to
show " that we have the best, the most rational,
the most pious form of prayer in the world." (i.
53.)
The admission of n on- communicants to the
Communion Service is opposed to ancient and
modern practice, and to the rationale of the in-
stitution. In the Liturgy of Chrysostom, prior to
the Sursum corda, the deacon bids the communi-
cants to stand up ; and the Trisagion, or Ter-
sanctus, being a hymn of victory, is necessarily
sung in a standing posture. The English Liturgy
206
NOTES AND QUERIES. [2- s. N° 37, SEPT. 13. '56.
is silent, but the inference from antiquity in
respect of the former, and from the act of singing
the latter, is that both should be said or sung
standing. T. J. BUCKTON.
Lichfiekl.
SHAKSPEARIANA.
HAMLET READINGS, NO. II.
A MOST SELECT
AND GENEROUS SHEAF.
" Costly thy habit as thy purse can buy,
But not express'd in fancy; rich not gaudy;
For the apparel oft proclaims the man,
And they in France of the best rank and station,
Are of a most select and generous chief in that."
Hamlet, Act I. Sc. 2.
I must ask for a small space in "N. & Q." to
advocate the claims of one of the most certain
restorations of^ the text of Shakspeare^ that has
ever been effected by the reading and ingenuity
of critics. In reviewing a MS. of Mr. Staunton's,
in the Illustrated London News, I had the pleasure
to call attention to that critic's substitution of
sheaf for "chief," in the passage which is the text
of this Note : but want of space prevented my
doing justice to the reading.
I cannot suppose with all editors (except Mr.
Collier), that " of a" is a press-interpolation : for
I am certain that Shakspeare would not have
written the line,
" Are most select and generous, chief in that ; "
that he would not have inserted " chief" at all ;
but would have read "generous," as I have thus
marked it.
In the first quarto, the last two lines of my text
are thus given : —
" And they of France of the chlefe rancke and station
Are of a most select and generall chiefe in that."
Supposing that the second "chief" is a mis-
print for sheaf, we see at once how the misprint
arose : viz. through the proximity of the same
word in the preceding line. And as if there was
a strange fatality about the word " chief," it has
been interpolated in a similar manner in the same
play, Act II. Sc. 2. :
" One chief speech in it I chiefly loved."
Sic the folios. The first quarto reads :
" A speech in it I chiefly remember."
While all the other quartos read :
" One speech in it I chiefly loved."
the word " chief" being an interpolation of the
first folio caught from the word " chiefly."
Press considerations, then, favour the supposi-
tion of " chief" in my text being a misprint for
something. Now let us see how the word sheaf
answers the requirements of the passage.
For its meaning we must have recourse to
euphuism. If sheaf be Shakspeare's word, it is
not the only instance of euphuism in Polonius's
speech. All the early quartos read " unfledg'd
courage." A courage, in euphuistic talk, meant
a gallant. It is so used by Sir Walter Scott in
The Monastery, and is put into the mouth of that
prince of euphuists Sir Piercie Shafton.
Now, as sportsmen spoke of " a buck of the
first head," so euphuists talked of " gentlemen of
the first head" (vide Every Man out of His Hu-
mour, Act III. Sc. 1.). Similarly, as soldiers and
other archers spoke of " arrows of the first sheaf,"
euphuists appropriated the metaphor, and called
their friends " gentlemen of the first sheaf." Every
archer of this day has his best set (a set=-12 ar-
rows) ; and every archer of Shakspeare's day had
his first sheaf (a sheaf=24 arrows). To take one
example :
" In my time, it was the usual practice for soldiers to
choose their first sheaf of arrows, and cut those shorter
which they found too long for their use." — Discourse on
Weapons.
This first sheaf so chosen was a select sheaf. I
now give two examples of the euphuistic use of
the word sheaf:
" Sir Diaphanous Silkworm. Ay, and with assurance
that it" [the liberal undertaking of a danger] "is found in
noblemen and gentlemen of the best sheaf" — Magnetic
Lady, Act III. Sc. 5.
" Fastidious Brisk. A pox on't ! I am so haunted at
the court, and at my lodging, with your refined choice
spirits, that it makes me clean * of another garb, another
sheaf, I know not how ! I cannot frame me to your harsh
vulgar phrase, 'tis against my genius." — Every Man out
of His Humour, Act II. Sc. 1.
Now a sheaf of corn or grain is still heraldically
called a "garb;" and in Law Latin, "garba sagit-
tarum " means a sheaf of arrows.
But the euphuism in question was not always
taken from archery : on the contrary, I am in-
clined to think that in the extract from Every
Man out of His Humour, we are presented with
an instance of a euphuistic use of garb and sheaf
as taken from husbandry. Without having re-
course to euphuism at all, we find that sheaf and
sheaves were used metaphorically. I append one
example from Locke's Essay on the Human Under-
standing :
" In the knowledge of bodies we must glean what we
can ; since we cannot from a discovery of their real
essence grasp at a time whole sheaves, and in bundles
comprehend the nature of the whole species."
Finally, in the passage which stands as text to
this Note, the metaphor is from husbandry beyond
all question. The "crowning sheaf" at harvest
was one composed of those ears of corn which
were " most select and generous." This sheaf was
tied up with blue ribbon, and was the last carried
at the harvest-home. Putting together all I have
* " Clean" means entirely.
2nd S. N° 37., SEPT. 13. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
207
said on this subject, I think your readers will
have no difficulty in accepting Mr. Staunton's
emendation ; and in reading with him —
" And they in France of the best rank and station
Are of a'most select and generous sheaf in that," —
i. e. in matters of dress. Sheaf means a clique,
class, or set in fashionable society.
C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY.
Birmingham.
" All the World's a Stays " (2nd S. ii. 44.) —
As the version of this sentiment by Erasmus has
appeared in " K & Q." by way of contrast with
that by Shakspeare, the following from Calderon
may not prove uninteresting :
" On the theatre of earth
All mankind are merely players :
One enacts a sovereign king,
One a prince, and one a noble,
Unto whom the rest do homage.
For the space, and for the instant,
The part endures, he seems
Master of the wills of all.
But the play of life, played out
With the dropping of the curtain,
Death within the green-room brings
All the actors to their level."
The last lines will remind the reader how often
Young in his Night Thoughts draws his similes
from the stage. In one of them, Death appears as
a " door-keeper." Cervantes, it. will be remem-
bered, died within ten days of Shakspeare, in the
year 1616. J. DORAN.
" When we have shuffled off this mortal coil "
(2nd S. i. 151. 221.)— Your correspondent X.
denies (at the second reference) that the use of
" mortal coil " for the body of a creature is the
"common interpretation" (as I had stated) of
this phrase. I have demanded of several intelli-
gent friends what they understand by "mortal
coil" in Hamlet, and they each replied, "Why,
the body of the person who makes his quietus."
As if on purpose to confirm my assertion, we find
Mr. R. W. HACKWOOD using the phrase " before
finally throwing off this mortal coil " (2nd S. ii.
148.), doubtless labouring under the impression
that he was quoting Shakspeare, and that the
" mortal coil " is a synonym for body.
C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY.
Birmingham.
THE STABS IN THE EAST.
In Kitto's Cyclopaedia of Biblical Literature, I
find it stated, that under the influence of a con-
junction of Jupiter, Saturn, and Mars, which took
place in 1604, the great astronomer, Kepler,
" was led to think that he had discovered means for de-
termining the true year of our Saviour's birth. He made
his calculations, and found that Jupiter and Saturn were
in conjunction in the constellation of the Fishes (a fish is
the astrological symbol of Judaea), in the latter half of
the year of Rome" 747, and were joined by Mars in 748.
Here then he fixed the first figure in the date of our era,
and here he found the appearance in the heavens which
induced the magi to undertake their journey, and con-
ducted them successfully on their way. Others have
taken up this view, freed it from astrological impurities,
and shown its trustworthiness and applicability in the
case under consideration The conclusion, in regard
to the time of the Advent, is, that our Lord was born in
the latter part of the year of Rome 747, or six years
before the common era" .... A recent writer of con-
siderable merit, Wieseler, has applied this theory of
Kepler's, in conjunction with a discovery that he has
made from some Chinese astronomical tables, which
shows, that in the year of Rome 750, a comet appeared in
the heavens, and was visible for seventy days. Wieseler's
opinion is, that the conjunction of the planets excited
and fixed the attention of the magi, but that their guid-
ing-star was the aforesaid comet." — Vol. ii. p. 794.
Neither in the article first quoted on the sub-
ject, nor under the head " Chronology" in the
same valuable repository of biblical lore is there
mention of, or reference to, A Chronological In-
troduction to the History of the Church, by the
Rev. S. F. Jarvis, — a very able work, published
with the imprimatur of the Bishops of the Anglican
Church in the United States ; the judicious author
of which has been led, by a course of original in-
quiry and laborious investigation, to the same con-
clusion as that arrived at by Kepler on the grounds
cited above ; and which, from other data, has been
previously silently adopted by the French Bene-
dictines in their learned work, II Art de Verifier
les Dates, namely, that the birth of our Saviour
should be antedated by six years. This coinci-
dence, on the part of such authorities on so im-
portant a point, merits specification ; and, so
thinking, I " make a note of it." DELTA.
Peculiar Marriage Custom. — The following is
an extract from papers in the collection of Dr.
Kennett, Harl. MS., 7048.: —
" Here ensueth certain unreasonable exactions by cus-
tom of long tyme used to be taken of both poore and
riche by the curates in ye dyocesses of Seint Asse and
Bangor. It is the custom in the sd dj'ocess that everye
man and woman, when they shall be marryed, shall yeld
unto ye curate the xth parte of all their goods, as well the
woman as the man, or els to fyne therefore. And if a
man chance to bringe his wife, or the woman her hus-
band, about Mydsummer, and then payeth all his tythes
belonging to Herveste, as of Hey and Corne, and then
incontynent after Harvest hapen to marye, bothe the
man and the woman shall paye the tenth again, notwith-
standing yr late ty thing at heivest. And besides all this,
they shall paye a certain some for yr bodyes the daye of
yr maryage. But whoso lyste to lyve in adulterye ther
his Fyne is but iish by the yere to the ordinarye, the wch
causeth matrimonye to be little sett by and much refused
in those partes,.
208
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd g. NO 37.} SEPT> 13>
" It is said by the custorae used in some parts of the
Dyocess of St, D. and Landaffe, whereof I am not well
assured, but I will diligentlye enquire, and after ^enforme
your mastershippe in maner as may be justified."
CL. HOPPER.
Proportionate Use of the Letters of the Alphabet.
The following Note of the proportionate use of
the letters in four European languages may be
worth recording. I stumbled upon it in an old
number of the Mechanics' Magazine, and have
since checked some of the numbers in the English
list, which I find comparatively correct.
English.
Dutch.
French.
Italian.
A
728
313
436
763
13 - -
158
82
46
70
C - -
280
72
153
277
I) - -
392
243
175
193
E - -
1000
1000
1000
1000
F - -
236
30
61
67
G - -
1G8
175
41
200
H - -
540
152
35
00
I - -
704
218
361
807
J - -
55
5
31
0
K - -
88
125
0
0
L - -
360
168
298
410
M - -
272
112
127
217
N •• -
670
563
404
610
O - -
672
300
312
730
P - -
1G8
45
138
230
Q - -
50
0
71
22
It - -
528
337
294
517
s - -
680
180
488
340
T - -
770 .
277
367
430
U - -
296
117
398
100
V - -
120
105
78
243
W - -
190 .
113
0
0
X - -
46
0
16
0
Y - -
184
118
12
W
Z - -
22
70
1
50
Vowels
3400
20G6
2519
3410
, Consonants
5077
2854
2824
3966
The numbers of the respective letters, it will be
?ecn, are referred to 1000 of the letter e taken as
a standard. 11. W. HACKWOOD.
The Moons Rotation. — The old story of the
moon's rotation, and the difficulty which unprac-
tised persons find in comprehending it, having
been lately before the public, the following may
be worth revival : — Dr. Clayton, Bishop of Clog-
her, in his Vindication of the Histories of the Old
and New Testament (Part n., 1754), asserted that
the moon kept one face to the earth without
turning. Some remarks having been made on
this, he sent a letter in answer to them to W.
Bowyer, his printer, for publication, if thought
proper. Bowyer applied to Bradley the astro-
nomer royal (the bishop's death had intervened),
to know if the bishop's argument were " barely
plausible," or had " an appearance of probability."
What Bradley replied is not known ; but the
letter was not published. It would be worth
while to collect a list of writers who have held
Dr. Clayton's opinion. (Nichols's Anecdotes, vol. ii.
p. 246.) A. DJB MORGAN.
CROMWELL HOUSE, OLD BROMPTON.
Faulkner, in his History of Kensington, describ-
ing this house, says :
"Over the mantelpiece there is a recess, formed by the
curve of the chimney, in which it is said that the Pro-
tector used to conceal himself when he visited this house ;
but why his Highness chose this place for concealment,
the tradition has not condescended to inform us. This
recess is concealed by the wainscot, and is still used as a
cupboard."
And then he states that though the tradition is
" very strong and universal," all documents he
has consulted " seem to show that there is not the
least foundation for this conjecture," and pre-
sumes " that from the marriage of Henry Crom-
well having taken place in this parish, that he
resided here," and hence the whole of the story.
Mrs. S. C. Hall, mentioning the tradition in her
Pilgrimages to English Shrines (art. " Burke "),
says :
" Upon closer investigation how grieved we have been
to discover the truth; . . . we found that Oliver
never resided there, but that his son Richard bad, and
was a ratepayer to the parish of Kensington some time."
Mr. Jerdan (who, like Mrs. Hall, lived for
many years in the hamlet), states that it is " said
to derive its name from being one of the secret
sleeping places of the Protector in the vicinity of
London," and that " the whole of this little sub-
urban locality bore traces of having been of some
note in former times. I dug up," says Mr. Jerdan,
" statues, and other pieces of sculpture ; and I
had reason to believe if Oliver Cromwell did not,
Chief Justice Hale did occupy Cromwell House,"
&c.
I have lived in the neighbourhood from child*
hood, and the version of the story I have always
heard is, that on some occasion Cromwell's troop
was quartered at Knightsbridge, and he one day
venturing to stray among the lanes of Brompton,
was met by some cavaliers who knew him, and
pursued him to this house, where he was sheltered
till assistance came from Knightsbridge and libe-
rated him. And there is an inn here still called
Cromwell's posting-house ; for years his name was
the sign, and an inscription to the effect that his
body-guard was once quartered there was painted
in front of the house. Mr. Corbould took this inn
for the subject pfhis picture, "The Old Hostelrie
at Knightsbridge," exhibited in 1849, and in his
note in the catalogue he mentions that which I
have just stated.
. N° 37., SEPT. 13. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
209
I am perfectly aware that almost every village
has its Cromwellian legend, but I think this one
worth a little more inquiry ere quite cast aside.
There is a charity at Kensington still called
Cromwell's Gift, and is popularly ascribed to the
generosity of the great Protector : the story, too,
that Cromwell and~Ireton held secret converse on
the green in front of Holland House, and other
Cromwellian recollections in the locality, will, I
hope, excuse me asking, — considering the new
light thrown on topographical subjects —
1. Was Oliver Cromwell in any way connected
with Cromwell House, or the hostelrie at Knights-
bridge ? The slightest note will be valued.
2.°Did either Richard or Henry Cromwell re-
side at Cromwell House ?
3. Did Hale ever reside there ?
4. The earliest mention of the Holland House
tradition ?
5. And would Mr. Jerdan, ere all is swept
away, specify a little more particularly his recol-
lections of the district ? I know he could with
ease compile a most interesting paper for " N. &
Q>"
Cromwell House was sold piecemeal by Mr.
Marsh, June 7, 1853, and pulled down imme-
diately afterwards. An engraving may be seen
in Mrs. Hall's Pilgrimages ; and of Mr. Corbould's
picture, in the Peoples and Howitfs Journal,
No. 3.
The author of the " Old Court Suburb " might
well have exercised his affluent fancy in an addi-
tional chapter (and a pleasant one it would have
made) on the legends of the West London Dis-
tricts. H. G. DAVIS.
Knightsbridge.
Sir Edmund Andros. — The ancestors of this
gentleman are said to have been of the house of
Andrews or Andrew, of Charwelton, co. North-
ampton. I should be glad to clear up the follow-
ing points on good authority.
1. The Christian name of the first who settled
in Guernsey.
2. The connecting link in the pedigree with the
Northampton family.
3. The reason of the change of name.
It is said that the first Andros was a military
man, and came in the suite of Sir Peter Meautis,
Governor of Guernsey, temp. Hen. VIII.
CL. HOPPER.
General Epistles. — Why is this term applied to
seven of the Epistles in the New Testament?
Two of the Epistles of St. John are not " general "
in any sense ; and on a careful examination of the
rest, the conclusion may be come to, that not one
of the seven is, strictly speaking, " general."
James wrote his Epistle to the twelve tribes in
the dispersion ; and Peter to " sojourners of the
dispersion," i. e. to devout Gentiles. ABMBA.
"Shandygaff." — What is the probable origin
of this word, which is of recent introduction, an-i
which, in the Midland Counties (and elsewhere
perhaps), is popularly used to designate a favourite
beverage with thirsty souls, consisting of a mix-
ture of ginger-beer and brewers' ale ?
HENRY KENSINGTON.
Licence to Marry, A.D. 1265. —
" From an inquisition taken in the year 1265, it appears
that Sir John Fitz-Nigel, or Fitz-Neale, then held a hide
of arable land, called the Dere-hide, at Borstall, and a
wood, called Hull Wood, by grand serjeantry, as keeper
of the forest of Bernwood ; that his ancestors had pos-
sessed the same lands and office prior to the Conquest,
holding them by the service of a horn ; and that they
had been unjustly withheld by the family of Lazures, of
whom William "Fitz-Nigel, father of John, had been
obliged to purchase them.* Prior to this, William Fitz-
Nigel had been obliged to pay King John eleven marks for
the enjoyment of 'his father's office, and for liberty to
marry at his own pleasure." f — Brayley's Graphic Illus-
trator, London, 1834, p. 2.
Was this a yearly payment, and were such
licences common ? Such a fine gives a strange
idea of the power of the crown six centuries ago.
C. W. L.
Horse- Meat and Hans-Meat. —
"Patrolling with horse-meat and man's-meat, &c. —
Carlyle's Life of Sterling.
In the Essays from the Times (vol. ii. p. 139.),
the reviewer's comments on this phrase as though
it had run " for horse-meat and man's-meat," &c.,
appears ignorant of the fact that " horse-meat and
man's-meat" is of proverbial usage. I find it in
The Silent Woman, Act III. Sc. 1. :
" Who allows you your horse-meat and man's meat? "
Sir Walter Scott has it in The Monastery.
My query is, What is the origin of the expres-
sion ? C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY.
Birmingham.
Epitaph. — Who is the author of the inscription,
"Heu! quanto minus est cum reliquis versari,
quam tui meminisse ? " It occurs in Shenstone's
epitaph on his cousin ; but this is not the last time
it was used, and may not have been the first. It
was placed on the tomb of his wife, in 1782, by
Sir G. Shuckburgh, known by his papers in the
Philosophical Transactions : but he married again
within three years. M.
(Pearle of Prayer)" — I should feel
obliged to any correspondent if he could give me
* Vide Bishop Rennet's Parochial Antiquities of Am-
brosdc.n, fyc., p. 265.
f Ibid., p. 1G6.
210
NOTES AND QUERIES. [2- s. N- 37., SEPT. 13. '56.
any information of tup following small work,
which I am unable mfself to trace in any of the
best bibliographical works or catalogues.
«« Name (By Mr. William P. of Dysert), Pearle of
Prayer, most pretious and powerful, or a Christian Treatise
most necessarie for all these that desire to esheAV that
•wrath to come, the Lords curse, and everlasting damna-
tion, and who doe long for God's favour, His blessing, and
to attaine to endlesse salvation. Edinburgh: 18mo.,
printed by John Wreittoun, 1630."
J. B. RONDEAU.
Kent Place, Salford.
" Rights of Soys and Girls:' — The>M d esprit
directed (1792) against Paine and Mary Wool-
stoncraft under this title is said by Nichols (Anec-
dotes, vol. ix. p. 120 ) to have been written by a
first-rate scholar, whose name he will not bring
forward on so trifling an occasion. But the boy
orator of this tract talks of " Bellendenus." Was
the author Dr. Parr ? M.
Keay the Timber Measurer. — Who was Keay ?
Hoppus, who is a very " Cocker " in his own de-
partment, and whose name to this day is a house-
hold word in every timber merchant's yard and
carpenter's workshop, accuses him of gross
mistakes in his calculations : in one instance not
less than 12.9. 9-fd. against the purchaser in the
pound. It is most important for men in business
to use standard works to assist them in their cal-
culations, as I observe by the newspapers of last
week that a " down easter " has got himself into
trouble, in consequence of using Keay in place of
Hoppus. TAPE LINE.
Enlightenment. — What objection have lexico-
graphers to this word ? It is omitted in most
Dictionaries. I do not find it in Webster's, nor
in Johnson's (Todd's) Dictionaries. Richardson's
1 have not consulted, but I have looked through
more than a dozen others, and have found it but
twice : viz. in Koget's Thesaurus, 490 (not 498 as
in the Index), and in the castrated edition of
Flugel's English and German Dictionary.
Why should not the verb " enlighten " be al-
lowed the privilege of becoming substantive as
"enlarge" and "ennoble," which precede and
follow it ? I believe we have taken the termina-
tion " ment " from the French, in which language
it is both substantive and adverbial. Its applica-
tion to English verbs of a certain class is almost
universal. A. C. M.
Exeter.
Record Queries. — 1. The Rotuli Hundredorum,
published by the Record Commissioners in 1812,
containing the result of the commission issued by
Edward I. to inquire into exactions of lords of
manors, &c., have no entries relating to the
county of Lancaster. Are the returns for this
couuty extant, and where deposited ?
2. Are the records of the Duchy Court of Lan-
caster accessible under the same regulations as
those in the custody of the Master of the Rolls ?
3. I have seen some MS. notes made in the
early part of last century, on documents preserved
in the Duchy Office. They refer to numbered
volumes of collections by Mr. Ayliflf, one of them
said to have been made in 1692, which furnishes a
clue to the date. Was Mr. Ayliif an officer of the
Duchy Court ? Are his collections preserved in
the Office ? Are they in the nature of indices to
the records there deposited, or what is their cha-
racter ? J. F. M.
" De Mortuis nil nisi bonum." — To whom do
we owe the hackneyed quotation, " De mortuis nil
nisi bonum ? " Chapter and verse would be ac-
ceptable. F. R. C. P.
Engraved Foreign Portraits. — Is there any
work on engraved portraits of foreigners, similar
to our Granger, Bromley, or the very valuable
catalogue of Mr. Evans, published in France or
elsewhere on the Continent ? M. L.
Mankind and their Destroyers. — CaVi any of
your correspondents inform me which French
writer it is that has expressed the sentiment that
" mankind reserve their greatest honours for their
destroyers, and scarce have thanks to bestow on
those who seek to save them." I do not profess
to give the exact words, as it is many years since
I read them, and have not "made a note of"
them. I was under the impression that I had
met them in one of Madame de StaeTs works, to
which, however, I have referred in vain. A. P. S.
Origin of Tennis. — What is the origin of the
game of tennis ? not of rackets or fives, about
which much has been written, showing how cat-
gut was first of all bound round the hand, and
afterwards stretched across a half hoop of willow,
so as to form a bat — that is the origin of the
racket, but not of the game of tennis or jeu de
paume, with its penthouses, its dedans, its grille,
its tambour, and above all its chaces. Where did
these come from, and when were they invented ?
W. H. MORLBY.
Duchess of Fitz- James. — In one of the windows
of the north aisle of the new and costly church of
Bosseville Bon-Secours, near Rouen, I lately
observed the following inscription: "Donne par
An. de Choiseul, gouffier dvchesse de Fitz-James."
It is accompanied by the arms of the donor,
which are: two shields conjoined, the dexter
being a quartered coat, 1 and 4, quarterly, France
and England ; 2, Scotland ; 3, Ireland ; a bordure
compony France and England. The second
shield is Choiseul, viz. : azure, a cross or, eighteen
billets ; of the second, five saltierwise in each of
the upper quarters, and four (two and two) in
S. N° 37., SEPT. 13. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
each of the lower quarters. Query, who is the
Duchess cle Fitz- James ? or rather, who was the
Duke of that title, and by what right did he bear
the arms of the United Kingdom ? I suspect
that he was a descendant of the Pretender, and
shall be glad to know through what line.
MABK ANTONY LOWER.
Lewes.
Frysley, Halsende, Shcytye. — Where are these
places, which are mentioned in a MS. relating to
Staffordshire of the sixteenth century, in con-
junction with Moseley, Staffordshire, and Cos-
sington (Leicestershire ?) ? R.
Macclesfield.
Sidney Mountagu. — Can any of the readers of
" N. & Q.." inform me who Sidney Mountagu was ?
I have a MS. in my possession written by him
entitled " Valida, Consolatio." A dedicatory letter
accompanies it, addressed to his mother, who it
appears was blind. The date, Hemwgton 1° Jan-
uar. 1613 may serve as a clue. CL. HOPPER.
Illustrations of the Simplon. — In 1823 I saw a
work illustrative of the road over the Simplon.
Will some one of the readers of " N. & Q." give
me the author's name ? H. J.
Arms of the Family of Gelsthrop. — The arms
of this family are wanted to complete a genealo-
gical shield. In the pedigree of the Pendocks of
Tollerton Manor, co. Notts, Richard Pendock,
born in 1593, and who died Nov. 1645, is stated
to have married Elizabeth (Anne), daughter of
William Gelsthrop of Whatton, Notts, and Fish-
lake, Yorkshire. I have searched both Berry's
and Burke's Dictionary of Arms in vain for the
name. T. B.
Bishops of Galloway. — Can you inform me
whether there ever were Bishops of Galloway
(Scotland) ? and if so, when the last one lived,
and if there is any book in which I should find an
account of them ? M. E. M. K.
[According to Bede, the Southern Picts were converted
by the preaching of St. Ninian, a native of North Wales,
who was consecrated Bishop of Whitherne, or Candida
Casa, in Galloway, about the middle of the fifth century.
Ussher supposes that his diocese extended from the
modern Glasgow to Stanmore Cross, on the borders of
Westmoreland. The church of Whitherne became a se-
minary of apostolic men and many eminent saints. Bede
places one Octa as the successor of St. Ninian ; and Pec-
telm was bishop when Bede concluded his history,
A.D. 731. Malmsbury adds Frethwald, Pectwine, Ethel-
brith, and Radvulf, as his successors; Florence of Wor-
cester further adds Heathored. John Gordon, conse-
crated Feb. 4, 1688, was the last bishop. Since the Re-
volution this see has been annexed to Glasgow. See
Keith's Catalogue of Scottish Bishops, by Dr. Russel, edit.
1824, pp. 271—283., for some notices of the bishops.]
Hon. Thomas Penn. — Where shall I find an
account of the sons of William Penn ? I have a
letter signed " Tho. Penn," and dated " London,
Nov. 8, 1766." It is addressed to " Sir William
Johnson, Bart., at Johnson Hall, New York,"
and is endorsed thus, "From the honble. Thos.
Penn, Esq. ;" to which is added, in another hand,
" Son of Wm Penn, proprietor of PennsV It is
stated in the Penny Cyclopcedia that
" Penn left children by both of his wives, and to them
he bequeathed his property in Great Britain and America.-
The government and quit-rents of Pennsylvania devolved
to the surviving sons of the second family, with the title
of Proprietaries, and by them were sold* to the state of
Pennsylvania, after the American Revolution, for
130,OOW."
The writer of the letter appears to have held
office under the British government. He says :
" I was on fryday at the Board of Trade, where the
Lords seemed very desirous to finish your affair, about the
Land, but could not do it for want of the draft of it. . .
. . I found the Lords ready to grant any quantity to
one hundred thousand acres, if your purchase was for so
much," &c.
The Sir W. Johnson to whom the letter was ad-
dressed was the king's "general agent for Indian
affairs." Vox.
[The writer of this letter was the Hon, Thomas Penn,
second son of the celebrated William Penn, founder of the
State of Pennsylvania, by his second wife. Thomas was
born March 8, 1701-2, and had the principal direction of
the affairs of Pennsylvania for half a century. In 1760
he purchased Stoke Poges in Buckinghamshire. He
married Juliana Fermor, fourth daughter of Thomas, first
Earl of Pomfret. Both Thomas Penn and his younger
brother Richard returned to the communion of the Church
of England. The Hon. Thomas Penn, Lord Proprietary
of Pennsylvania, as he was entitled, died in 1775, and
was interred in the family vault at Stoke Poges. Consult
Granville Penn's Memorials of Sir William Penn, vol. ii.
p. 573., and Lipscomb's History of Bucks, vol. iv. p. 555.]
Importance of Ballads. —
" Give me the ballads of a people, and I will write their
true history." — " Give me the making of a people's bal-
lads, and I care not who makes their laws."
Whose sayings are these ? A. A. D.
[The latter saying occurs in the Political Works of
Andrew Fletcher of Saltoun, Edinb. 1749, p. 266. He
says, " I knew a very wise man so much of Sir Christo-
pher's sentiment, that he believed if a man were per-
mitted to make all the ballads, he need not care who
should make the laws of a nation." See " N". & Q." !<*
S. i. 124. 153.]
N. Byfield. — I have a small volume, title-page
wanting, with the name of N. Byfield on the pre-
face. The work treats of various scriptural
doctrines, and such, so says the author, " which
are fundamentall and absolutely necessary to be
knowne of as many as are to be saued." Query,
212
NOTES AND QUERIES.
S. NO 37., SEPT. 13. '56.
title and value. Date is 1618. On the last page
illustrations." Was this remarliaUe old bird a fa-
vourite figure ?
" Diuines are wont to shadow our eternitiy, by the si-
militude of a little Bird drinking vp a drop of Water out
of the Sea; if euery tenne thousand yeares the Bird
should come and drinke vp but one drop, yet the Sea
might be drye at length : but yet this lasting of the Sea
is nothing in comparison to the lasting of the glory of
Heauen."
KARL.
[This work is entitled The Principles, or The Patterne
of Wholesome Words ; or a Collection of such Truths as
are necessary to be believed unto Salvation. By Nicolas
Byfield. Lond. 8vo. 1618. The fifth edition, 1634, con-
tains an appendix by Adoniram. Byfield, entitled The
Summe of the Principles.^
Meaning of " Attachiatio." — I find in an ancient
deed the word attachiacio, " cum attachiacione
stagni mei," the meaning of which 1 cannot inter-
pret. It is, I believe, a law term, but I have
looked in vain for it in Ducange and other au-
thorities. Can any of your correspondents help
me to its meaning ? J. B.
[" Attachiatio" is our law term "attachment;" pro-
perty is " attached " for debt, &c. The context alone can
decide if the term be applicable in this case. There was
an " attachment " frequently under charters of liberties,
/. e. a right to take waste wood, &c.]
WAS DANIEL WRAY JUNIUS ?
(2»d S. ii. 164.)
My attention has been before drawn to Mr.
Falconer's theory and to his evidence, which, I
admit, would go far to decide the question, if it
were true.
Junius did say, as quoted, that Garrick had
forced him to break his resolution to write no
more; — the editor of the edition of 1812 does say
that Junius referred to the 59th letter, with which
lie had intended to conclude; — and Daniel Wray
did write to Lord Hardwicke on Sept. 29, and did
s;iy, " had I persevered in that wise resolution to
write no more ; " but he added, " till I had some
fact of consequence to relate, I should have been
dumb with my pen till silence would become in-
decorum," which I take to be an established form
of common -place, merely personal, and having no
reference whatever to anything but his correspon-
dence with Lord Hardwicke.
Now for that "direct evidence" which Mr.
Falconer tells us somewhat irreverently, " who
doubts would still be doubting though one rose
from the dead for his conviction." The last letter,
the intended last letter, No. 59, says Mr. Falconer,
is dated October 5, 1771 :
" Six days previously (mark that !) Wray writes tQ
Lord Hardwicke . . . ' These proper attentions may satisfy
the good people of England for a month, accompanied by
the finishing dose of Junius on Saturday.' In perfect ac-
cordance with this decided intimation, the intended finish-
ing dose did appear. The 5th of October, 1771, was on a
Saturday."
It is scarcely worth while to observe that the
" perfect accordance " is founded on an assump-
tion that the date affixed to the letter is the date
of publication, and that the letter " did appear "
on "Saturday" the 5th of October. Nineteen
times out of twenty such an assumption would be
borne out by the fact — nineteen times out of
twenty the date affixed is the date of publica-
tion. But unfortunately for Mr. Falconer, in this
instance, Junius dated his letter ; it was dated the
5th ; but it was not published till the 8th — not
published on a Saturday at all, but on a Tuesday,
and observe, Wray does not refer either to the
5th or the 8th, but to "Junius on Saturday."
Mr. Falconer tells us that Wray's letter was
written " six days previously, mark that," to the
5th October — that is on Sunday the 29th. To
be sure it was ; and the " finishing dose " on
Saturday was the letter to the Duke of Grafton,
published on Saturday, the 28th of September, the
very day before he wrote. W. D. W,
DAILY SERVICE.
(2nd S. ii. 148.)
There is abundant evidence to show that daily
prayers have not only been the rule of the Church
since the Reformation, but that also, to a very
great extent, they have been carried out in prac-
tice. As a proof of this, see Walton's Life of
George Herbert, the Life of Nicholas Ferrar,
Fell's Life of Hammond, and Nelson's Life of
Bull.
In the Tracts for the Times (No. 84.) is given
a list of twenty churches in and about the city of
London, wherein daily prayers were said in 1683.
And in the Pietas Londinensis, published at the be-
ginning of the eighteenth century, there is a table
of Public Services in London ; and the number of
churches wherein daily prayers were said was
seventy-eight, and this in addition to a large
number of churches wherein occasional services
were said.
What A. A. D. considers as an apparent con-
tradiction between the rubric he quotes and the
14th and 15th Canons, is not so when they are
examined and .compared together. As respects
the 14th Canon, it distinctly states "that all mi-
nisters likewise shall observe the Orders, Rites,
and Ceremonies prescribed in the Book of Com*
S. N° 37., SEPT. 13. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
213
mon Prayer," &c. Now, in addition to the rubrics
quoted by A. A. D., that " all priests and deacons
shall be bound to say daily the Morning and
Evening Prayer," are as follows :
«' The Psalter shall be read through once every month,
as it is there appointed both for Morning and Evening
Prayer."
" The Order for Morning and Evening Prayer daily to
be said or used throughout the year."
" After the First Lesson shall follow Te Deum laudamus
daily throughout the year."
" The Second Collect for Peace and the Third Collect
for Grace shall never alter, but dally be said," &c.
Many other rubrics might be quoted, but these
are given simply to show that clergymen, in obey-
ing the 14th Canon, and " observing the Orders,"
are bound to have daily prayers.
The 15th Canon orders the Litany to be said
" when and as it is set down in the Book of Com-
mon Prayer, and more particularly on Wednes-
days and Fridays."
The rubric, in the Prayer Book of 1662, says,
" it is to be said after Morning Prayer on Sun-
days, Wednesdays, and Fridays," &c.
Now it never was a rule or custom in the
Catholic Church for the Litany to be said daily.
According to Archbishop Seeker, as quoted in
Hook's Church Dictionary :
" They were appointed to be said first on Wednesdays
and Fridays, these being appropriated to penitence and
humiliation and for other fasts; but not long after, for
Sundays also, there being then the largest congregation
and most solemn worship."
The Litany evidently was designed to be a dis-
tinct service after the Morning Prayer, and before
the Communion office, at a proper distance of
time from each. G. W. N.
The Hollies, Wilmslow.
MAYOR OF LONDON IN 1335.
(2nd S. i. 353. 483. 520.)
Your correspondents MESSES. SANSOM and
JAMES SPENCE HARRY have, I think, both wrongly
imagined, in their extracts from Stow's Chro-
nicle, that the sheriffs' and mayors' names are
affixed instead of prefixed, as they really are, to
the occurrences of the year. From my copy, also
in black letter, 16mo., 1573*, it is clear to me
that the following is Stow's statement :
"Anno 4. [Edw. III.]
(Sherifes. Robert of Ely. Tho. Wonvood, 28 Septeb.
-< Mayor. lohn Poultney (sic\ Draper, the 28th of
( 1331. octob.
* Without title-page or pagination, as is very usual at
that date, but with the colophon, " Imprinted at London
in Fletestreate, nere vnto Saint Dunstone's churche, by
Thomas Marshe, An. 1573."
Anno 5.
lohn Mocking. Andrew Aubery, 28. of Sep.
lohn Pountney, Draper, the 28. "of October.
f Sherifes.
< Mayor.
( 1332.
f Sherifes.
-< Mayor.
(_ 1333.
C Sherifes.
•< Mayor.
( 1334.
Anno 6.
Nicolas Pilke. lohn Husband, 28. of Sep.
lohn Preston, Draper, the 28. of October.
Anno 7.
lohn Hamond. William Hansard, 28.
lohn Pountney, Draper, the 28. of October.
This yere King Edward and Henry the sonne
of Hery Erie of Lancaster, &c.
Anno 8.
Sherifes. John Kingston. Walter Turke, 28. of Sep.
Mayo?: Reignold at Condit, Vintener, 28. of Octob.
1335. Part of the Universitie of Oxford went to
Stamforde, &c.
Anno 9.
Sherifes. Walter Mordon. Richard Vpton, 28. Sep.
Mayor. Reignold at Condit, Vintener, 28. of Octob.
1336. In a parliament at Londo K. Edward made,
&c.
An. 10.
f Sherifes. lohn Clerke. William Curteis, 28 Septeb.
-J Mayor. lohn Poultuey, Draper. The 28. of October.
(_ 1337. The towne of Southampton was burned down,
&c.
An. 11.
C Sherifes. Walter Neale. Nicolas Crane, 28. Septemb.
-j Mayor. Henry Darcy. The 28. of October.
(_ 1338. Two Cardinals which came to make peace. . .
An. 12.
Shirifes. William of Pofret. Hugh Marberol, 28. Sep.
(szc)
Maior. Henn1- Darcy, the 28. of October."
1339.
John Poultney, or Pountney, was therefore
Mayor in 1331, 1332, 1334, and again in 1337;
John Preston in 1333 ; Reignold at Condit in
1335 and 1336 ; and Henry Darcy in 1337 and
1338. No mention is made of Wotton. The dis-
crepancy in the authorities quoted is very extra-
ordinary, but I think a reference to Stow, be-
ginning at the commencement of the reign, will
show that the above gives his list correctly, at any
rate. The brackets, I should add, are my own.
E. S. TAYLOR,.
NOTES ON REGIMENTS.
(2nd S.i. 422.516.; ii. 36. 55.)
If the signature of the last communication on
this subject indicates the profession of the writer,
I am not sorry, as a Pekin, to have been anticipated
by MILES, in some remarks which I had strung
together, in correction of the inaccuracies involved
in the foregoing " Notes on Regiments." One or
two, however, which he has left unnoticed, may
become the subject of a few lines, en attendant the
promised continuation of his remarks,
214
NOTES AND QUEKIES. [2* s. N« 87., SEPT. 13. >5«.
MILES is correct in his assertion that the words
" Quis separabit," which MB. WALCOTT calls the
motto of the 4th Dragoon Guards, is in fact the
legend of the Order of St. Patrick, the star of
which is borne as a badge by that regiment. Thus,
these words are applicable, not to the regiment
as an irrefragable phalanx, which might be sup-
posed, but to the three leaves of the shamrock,
borne on the centre of the cross- The defiant
question may also be held to apply to the three
crowns, one of which will be found to be em-
blazoned on each of the leaves, and which doubt-
less refer to the junction of the three kingdoms.
The query may yet have a third significance ;
viz. to the three persons of the Trinity ; the tre-
foil having been used as a symbol of that mystery
by St. Patrick, when he preached Christianity to
the heathen inhabitants of Ireland. Hence* too,
the adoption of the plant as the national symbol.
In like manner the motto " Nee aspera terrent "
does not belong to the regiments by which it
is borne, but is that of the Royal Hanoverian
Guelphic Order, which is borne by the regiments
in question, as a badge, upon their colours, and
probably applies to the running horse thereon.
Many regiments have no motto : as, for instance,
those to which MR. WALCOTT has ascribed the
legends of the orders which they are entitled to
bear ; some again have a motto of their own in
addition to that of the order: thus the motto of
the 1st Dragoons is " Spectemur agendo," while
they also bear as badge the Order of the Garter,
with its well known legend, " Honi soit qui mal y
pense," which it would not be correct to speak of
as the motto of the regiment.
Again, it is stated that the motto of the Ar-
tillery is " Ubique ; " that of the Engineers, " Quo
fas et gloria ducunt." Now, there is no such dis-
tinction ; each corps bearing both mottoes : viz.
"Ubique," over the gun; "Quo fas et gloria
ducunt " beneath it. I believe, indeed, that the
Indian Artillery has the word " Ubique " only :
probably with reference to the usually scattered
disposition of the corps.
1 am not aware that there is such a device as
that mentioned by ME. SMITH; a skull and cross-
bones, surmounted by the words " Victory or."
The badge of the 17th Lancers is a " death's head,"
with the words " or glory " beneath it.
I have heard that the sash worn by officers,
which MR. WALCOTT asserts was intended to
serve in carrying away the wounded, was de-
bi<ined to be used as a tourniquet. It is probably
equally applicable to both purposes.
WILLIAM BATES.
Birmingham.
In continuation of my remarks on regiments
inserted in a former number of "N. & Q.," and
with a view to prevent all such mis-statements as
appeared in an earlier number of your valuable
publication, I beg to give particulars relative to
some other regiments ; and I cannot but acknow-
ledge the valuable information I have derived from
Cannon's Historical Records of Regiments, to
which work I recommend your clerical correspon-
dent, should he wish to obtain true information on
this subject.
Many of the regiments have on their colours
or appointments, in some shape or other, " the
White Horse " of Hanover with its motto " Nee
aspera terrent." This was given naturally for ser-
vices rendered to the Hanoverian branch of the
House of Guelph after they had succeeded to the
British throne, arid whose monarchs in rewarding
these several regiments bestowed on them the
armorial distinctions they themselves used, with
its motto " Nee aspera terrent." These are well
known as the insignia and motto of the Order of
the Guelph, and it was only at the advent to the
throne of our present beloved sovereign that the
White Horse on an escutcheon of pretence as part
of the arms of the sovereigns of Great Britain
ceased to be borne, as the Salic law which regu-
lated the royal succession in Hanover did not
permit the female sovereign of these realms to be-
come its monarch.
The sphynx is a memento of the campaign in
Egypt, and as such carried on their colours by
very many regiments therein engaged.
The 36th regiment bears on its appointments
the word " Firm." Cannon (the best authority)
states that the origin of it is unknown from its
extreme antiquity, but " by authority that regi-
ment bears the distinction." The " old bold 5th"
had the distinction of wearing " a white plume "
in the cap when the similar ornament in the other
regiments of the service was a red and white tuft.
This honourable distinction was given to them for
their conduct at Morne Fortune in the island of
St. Lucia, where they took from the slain French
Grenadiers who opposed them their white feathers
in sufficient numbers to equip every man in the
regiment. This distinction was subsequently con-
firmed by authority, and continued as a distinc-
tive decoration until 1829, when a general order
caused the white feather to be worn by the whole
army. By a letter from Sir H. Taylor, Adjutant-
General, dated July, 1829, the Commander-in-
Chief, referring to the newly issued order by
which that distinction was lost to the regiment,
states that " as an equivalent," the 5th shall in
future wear " a feather half red and half white,
the red uppermost, instead of the plain white fea-
ther worn by the rest of the army, as a peculiar
mark of honour." This at once does away with
the ridiculous story of your correspondent that it
arose from their having dipped the tops of their
feathers in the blood of their slain enemies, and
2»a S. N° 37., SEPT. 13. '50.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
215
so obtained the red-topped feather as a deco-
ration.
The light company of the 46th regiment wear
the distinctive mark of a red ball. The circum-
stance that occasioned this occurred in 1777,
during the American war. After the affair of
Brandywine, the light company of the regiment
made themselves very obnoxious to the enemy
from their very great address and intrepidity at
the above affair, which caused the Americans to
vow vengeance against them, and refuse them
quarter. The soldiers of the company, on this
account, and to prevent any one else from suffer-
ing from this threat, stained their feathers red, as
a mark to be known, and they have ever since
worn that coloured ball, instead of green, the usual
colour of the ball or feather of a light company.
In 1 833 a Horse Guards' letter gave due au-
thority for this practice.
The 2nd, or Queen's regiment, bear in the
corners of the second colour and in their appoint-
ments " The Paschal Lamb." This was the dis-
tinguishing badge of Portugal, and was worn first
by the regiment as being raised for the defence of
Tangiers, which constituted a portion of the dower
of Catherine, Infanta of Portugal, on her marriage
with Charles II. In the bloody assizes of Jeffreys,
this regiment, under the command of Col. Kirke,
were well known for their cruelties under the so-
briquet of "Kirke's Lambs." In 1703 the regi-
ment gained the motto of " Pristinae Virtutis
Memor," when the Queen Dowager's regiment, in
allusion to its former services. MILES.
I do not see that the epithet " the fighting 9th "
has been noticed. The origin of this I am not
aware of. That of the 97th, too, is not mentioned
by your correspondents as far as I have seen, " The
Celestials," from their shyblue facings. Among
the mottoes I have not seen that of the 39th given,
" Primus in Indis," referring to the brilliant page
of their history where the name of " Plassey " is
emblazoned. T. J. E.
The 97th Regiment are called the " Celestials,"
from their sky-blue facings.
The " recover," in the officer's salute with the
sword, is the relic of the custom of kissing the
hilt, which was once in the shape of the cross.
MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M. A.
HOLLY THE ONLY INDIGENOUS EVERGREEN.
(2nd S. i. 399. 443. 502. ; ii. 56. 1 13.)
Let me now give you some extracts from my
grandfather's paper in the Gent. Mag., 1780
(p. 940.), in defence of my, or rather his, asser-
tion that the yew is not an indigenous tree. He
says :
«« Though we have observed the yew tree growing wild
in many parts of the kingdom, yet we can by no means
allow it to have been originally a native ; for had any
indigenous tree, whose seeds are disseminated by birds
like the yew, been planted in almost every churchyard
throughout the kingdom, been cultivated for archen--,
and introduced into every ornamented garden of former
times, it would certainly have become one of our com-
monest trees; instead of which, the yew, since bows
have been laid aside and it has been excluded gardens,
is manifestly in a decreasing state : for very few young
trees are to be found in proportion to the old, many of
which are undoubtedly as ancient as archery. It is pro-
bable that the yew was very early dispersed through
Europe, as the Saxon and British names are the same,
which we believe is observable in no others — that general
and most useful tree, the apple, excepted. Seeds and
plants of the tree, which would make bows much superior
to any other, would be equally sought after in early
times, and as precious as iron to the inhabitants of the
islands of the South Sea. The wood of this tree in
warmer climates is superior to any which grows in this
country, and therefore Spanish bows always bore a much
greater price here than our own ; and this inferiority is
no mean argument against its being a native, for we know
of none of our undoubted indigenous trees whose timber
is not equal in quality to any foreign. Virgil observes
that yews love a northern and cold situation ; but in this
country they thrive best in one warm and sheltered,
provided it hath sufficient moisture ; which should seem
to show that they are with us in a climate colder than
their own."
In another paper, 1787 (p. 313.), in reply to
some remarks on this question, he added :
" Having spent my early days on chalky downs, I had
many opportunities "of observing various collections of
yew trees, which I think have more the appearance from
situation of growing naturally, than the hat your corre-
spondent mentions. The propensity, now so general, of
planting the tops of hills cannot be supposed to be con-
fined to the present age ; and I have already given rea-
sons why our ancestors were so peculiarly solicitous to
cultivate this tree. From what I have seen of the naked
part of the kingdom around Salisbury, it hath evidently
been much more populous than at present : for the widest
plains show ki most places manifest appearance of tillage,
and in many marks of inclosures. The devastations
caused by the destructive contest of the Two Roses must
also have left deserts round many plantations in all parts
of the kingdom. So that this hat, and many venerable
groups, now distant from modern gardens and cultivation,
may be the remaining vestiges of ancient industry. Not
many miles from Guildford, a great number of yew trees,
of some former century, are growing on so rude a waste,
that, had they not stood in straight lines, it would be
difficult to persuade many that they were placed there by
the hands of man."
Seventy years sinCe, thus wrote my grand-
father on this then disputed question. I should
have more respect for our modern writers, if they
had taken more pains to have settled these ques-
tions, instead of servilely copying and taking for
granted what they happen to find written. My
belief is the yew was introduced with Christianity,
and one at least was planted in every churchyard,
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd g. N° 37., SEPT. 13. '56.
for reasons I have given in a former number of
" N. & Q." I doubt ,»t ever having been culti-
vated expressly for archery, although I have no
doubt it was used, when found growing wild, for
this purpose. But its extreme slowness of growth
would have, I think, prevented its being planted
for this use. Superstitious or religious uses were,
I fancy, more likely to have caused it to be planted
on hill-tops, or perhaps it was chosen, from its
longevity, as well suited for a land-mark.
One. other Query may as well be started about
the yew, — Is it poisonous to cattle ? Much may
be said on both sides ; but I can say that at times
it certainly is. Probatum est,
Let me add, that the quotations above given
are by a brother of Gilbert White, who not only
persuaded him to publish, but largely himself con-
tributed to, the Natural History of Selbome.
A. HOLT WHITE.
Southencl.
to
Shere Thursday (2nd S. ii. 194.) —In that rare
work the Liber Festivalis, Caxton, 1483, I find
the following reason why the Thursday in Passion-
Week was called " Sherethursdaj'."
" It is also in Englysshe called sherthoursday for in
olde f*«.:tvs dayes the people wolde that daye shere theyr
hedes ?ir,d clyppe theyr berdes and polle theyr hedes, and
so •.;'. :ike theym honest ayenst Ester day
Thenne as Johau Bellet sayeth, on sherthursdav a man
sholde do polle his here and clyppe his berde, and a preest
sholde shaue his crowne soo that there sholde nothynge
be by twene god and hym. For heres come of veynes
and of humours of the stomake, and they sholde pare
theyr nayles of hondes and feet that Cometh of super-
fluyte of the fylthe with oute forth, and thenne shryue
t' ^"n, and make them clene within his soule as with-
out."
HENRV KENSINGTON.
Smith's " History of Kerry " (2nd S. ii. 27.) —
I have three copies of this work, now very scarce.
Two of the copies are old and dilapidated, evi-
dently from use. The other copy is in perfect
condition, beautifully bound, uniform with Smith's
Histories also of Cork, two vols., and Waterford,
one vol., which I have. The title-pages of my
throe Histories of Kerry are alike, the same as
that first mentioned by R. H. There is no por-
trait of Smith, nor does it appear to have been
removed ; one of my old copies only has a map of
the county. My irnpressioa is, that there was
never more than one edition of Smith's History of
Kerry printed. I had this from a gentleman
whose father knew Smith, and entertained him at
his house in Kerry. There is no " M.D." after
Smith's name in any of my copies, and I have two
copies also of his Waterford. I have seen Smith's
portrait several times, but I cannot at this mo-
ment state accurately that I saw it in any of his
works. I think the second title-page, to which
R. H. refers, was supplied by some bookseller to
perfect his copies ; an epitome of the original
title-page, but no date. Smith was somewhat of
a notable in those days ; his portrait was engraved,
and no doubt readily added to such volumes as
came into a bookseller's hands. The date in the
History of Cork is 1750, in Waterford 1756. I
am partially certain I have a copy of Smith's por-
trait among some old papers : the print is quite
familiar to me. SIMON WARD.
The last Gibbet in England (2nd S. i. 351.)
It is stated that " the last gibbet erected in Eng-
land was demolished by the workmen employed
in making the extensive docks for the North-
Eastern Kail way Company, upon Jarrow Stoke,
on the Tyne." This statement is not quite cor-
rect. At the corner of Ditchling Common, in
Sussex, near to the turnpike-road which leads
from Ditchling to Lindfield, there still remains a
piece of an old gibbet, and a very unpleasant
looking log of wood it is, known by the name of
" Jacob's Post ; " that being the name of the man,
a Jew, who committed a very barbarous murder
near to the spot, and was hanged in chains there
in 1734.
The Jew, Jacob, having put up his horse at the
public-house close by, attacked his host, a person
named Miles, whilst he was engaged in cleaning
his horse, and cut his throat. In the same way
he destroyed the servant-maid, who, it is supposed,
had been disturbed by the noise in the stable, and
was descending the staircase to see what was the
matter. He then went upstairs and cut the throat
of poor Miles's wife, who was lying on a sick bed.
Some very rude verses, still preserved in the
neighbourhood, of which I send you a few spe-
cimens, record the circumstances of this frightful
massacre :
" In the mean time, the poor distressed maid
Had got away, for so the neighbours said,
He, missing her, into the stable ran,
And looked about, but could not find her then.
He thought that there was no time to delay,
But took his horse with speed and rode away.
The women both that night this world forsook,
But Miles did live until the wretch was took.
At Horsham Gallows he was hanged there,
The 31st of August that same year.
And where he did the crime, they took the pains
To bring him back, and hang him up in chains.
It is a dismal sight for to behold,
Enough to make a heart of stone run cold."
R. W. B.
^ Lord George Gordon's Riots (2nd S. i. 287. 518. ;
ii. 156.) — I am in possession of the Morning
Chronicle and London Advertiser for 1780, and
have examined with some little care the papers
for June, July, and August of that year. I find
that one liundred and thirty-four persons were
S. N° 37., SEPT. 13. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
217
tried as participators in the No-popery riots, of
whom fifty-eight were found guilty, and of these
only twenty-five were executed. Nine of the
rioters brought to trial were women, viz. :
Mary Roberts and Charlotte Gardiner (a
negro girl), tried July 4, and executed July 11,
on Tower Hill.
Letitia Holland, tried July 6, and convicted.
She was ordered for execution by " His Majesty
in Council," on July 14, but respited on July 23.
Sarah Harwell, Elizabeth Harwell, and Judith
Swiney, tried July 11, and acquitted.
Mary Cook and Susannah Howard, tried July
12, and Elizabeth Collins, tried July 13, were all
convicted. Howard, however, was respited on
July 30. Cook and Collins were executed on
August 9, in Saint George's Fields.
None of the rioters underwent their sentence
at Tyburn. It is therefore clear that Mr. Rogers's
impression of seeing " a whole cartful of young
girls, in dresses of various colours, on their way
to be executed at Tyburn," is incorrect.
I may perhaps be permitted to remark that
Mr. Dickens must have been a diligent reader of
the Morning Chronicle for 1780. It is surprising
to find in the newspapers so many of the incidents
and names which appear in Barnaby Eudge. Even
the raven is historical. ROBERT S. SALMON.
Newcastle-on-Tyne.
Colonel John Duncombe (2nd S. ii. 157.) — I
am much obliged to your correspondent JUVERNA,
but I think he is mistaken in some of his dates.
John Duncombe appears by the Records of the
War Office " to have entered the army in 1700,
to have been promoted to be a captain in 1702,
and to have been appointed to a company in the
1st Foot Guards on the 2nd of October, 1715."
I have taken some trouble to ascertain who he
was, but unsuccessfully. In the inscription on
his wife Susannah's tomb he is spoken of as the
Hon. Col. John Duncombe, and in his will he so
styles himself; in Pearch's Collection of Poems he
is also so described ; yet he was not a son of
Anthony, Lord Feversham, the only peer of the
name of Duncombe in the last century, or the
one which preceded it, and he is moreover styled
Honourable before 1747, when the Feversham
peerage was created. He stated of himself that he
was page to James II. when the latter was Duke of
York, and also that he was wounded in the leg at
the siege of Lille ; he was on intimate terms with
the second Duke of Marlborough, whose bond he
held for 12,OOOZ., and he devised to his daughter
estates at Marston-Moreton, co. Beds, where the
Buncombes long had been possessed of lands, and
the manor of which had been the property of
Sarah Duchess of Marlborough, devised by her
to her grandson the Hon. John Spencer, uncle of
the second Duke of Marlborough.
Colonel Duncombe's daughter appears to have
married Colonel Rowland Reynold (Col. 3rd Foot
Guards, June 9, 1743), and their daughter and
heir to have married Admiral Sir Robert Har-
land, Bart.
I presume an heiress of the Duncombe family
married some peer's son, who thereupon took the
name of Duncombe. On these data can any of
your readers assist me ? JAMES KNOWLES.
Parish Registers (2nd S. ii. 66. 151.) — The
subject of parish registers, and especially some
with which I am acquainted, has been anxiously
impressed upon my mind. I began at one time to
make a transcript of the registers in my possession
in this manner. I had several sheets of foolscap
paper headed with each year ; the baptisms, mar-
riages, and burials, being kept in separate batches.
I then began copying each entry as it appeared in
the original tattered pages, with their defects. I
kept a margin of an inch wide on the left hand
side of each page, on which afterwards to write the
date of each entry, so that it might be the more con-
spicuous. I intended then to copy these sheets
into large books, placing each entry in chronolo-
gical order ; to keep this order the more easily
was the chief use of adding the dates on the
margin. A pressure of time and public duty pre-
vented my completing the work ; but I live in
hopes of doing so. The copies I intended for re-
ference, and to give rest to the poor tattered
leaves, except when required for legal evidence.
What a mass of curious entries and valuable in-
formation would be thus brought to light ; no
doubt many to find their way into the pages of
" N. & Q." SIMON WARD.
I rejoice that your correspondents still keep alive
the question of parish registers and other eccle-
siastical records. My own experience corresponds
with that of MR. EDWARD PEACOCK, as to the fact
that, in some parishes, the registers have been
but imperfectly kept, whilst in others (as in my
own) they have not been kept at all, but have
had the ill luck to be burnt or otherwise de-
stroyed. Arid although the occasional loss of the
registers of a small parish might be a matter of
no great moment, supposing the transcripts in the
diocesan registry were more easily accessible than
they are, and as well kept and catalogued as they
ought to be, yet, if we may take MR, PEACOCK s
account of the episcopal registries of one diocese
as a sample of the whole, it is evident that, in
many cases, the loss might not easily be repaired.
The difficulty with regard to diocesan records
seems to be, that those who have the custody of
them have no leisure for perusing, arranging, and
cataloguing them ; and probably there is no fund
out of which a qualified officer could be paid to
look after them, so as to render them accessible
to the public. Consequently not only parochial
218
NOTES AND QUERIES.
S. No 37., SEPT. 13.
registers, but many valuable historical documents,
may be supposed to slumber in the dust of ages
totally forgotten, or* perhaps never heard of in
this generation.
The difficulty appears to be partly one of ex-
pense ; but might not this be got over by the in-
troduction of gratuitous labour ? I imagine that,
in every diocese, clergymen might be found having
small parochial charges, who would willingly de-
vote a portion of their time to the arrangement
and cataloguing of these valuable documents, and
who would think themselves well paid for their
trouble by the historical facts and information
with reference to early synods, arid many inter-
esting matters which would be likely to turn up
from time to time among the more ancient muni-
ments. J. SANSOM.
Parochial Libraries (2nd S. i. 549.) — At St.
Peter's church, now used as the national school-
room, at Maldon, Essex, there is a public library,
founded by Dr. Plume, containing some scarce
theological works, and under the management of
twelve trustees. J. Q. EBFF.
Old Boswell Court.
The Fifth Crusade (2nd S. ii. 149.) — Your
correspondent M. E. J. will find on reference to
any of the best works on the Crusades that the
fifth Crusade was undertaken in the pontificate of
Honorius III. (A..D. 1217.) Its leaders were John
of Brienne, titular King of Jerusalem, and An-
drew II., King of Hungary. Andrew was soon
recalled to his kingdom by the revolt of his mag-
nates. John of Brienne took Damietta. There
is no history of the Crusades in English. Mill's
work does not deserve the name, and Keightley's
is still more unworthy of notice. The best books
on the subject are one in German by Wilken,
and the great work of Michaud, which should be
read in conjunction with the Bibliotheque des
Croisades collected and edited by the same writer.
Guizot's valuable collection of memoirs relating
to the Crusades deserves attentive study, as also
the ponderous volume -by Bongars entitled Gesta
Dei per Francos. W. H. M.
Arnold of Westminster (2nd S. ii. 110. 160.)
— John Arnold, Esq., was twice elected member
of parliament for SSouthwark, viz. in 1688 and
1690. He was a Whig, and was returned in 1688
at the head of the poll, the numbers being, —
For Mr. Arnold - - 2130
Sir Peter Rich - - 1677
Mr. Smith - .. 1526
Mr. Bowyer - 1360.
There was a petition against this election, but Sir
Peter Rich and Mr. Arnold were declared duly
elected.
There was also a petition against his return in
1690, on the ground of a riot and disturbance at
the election, but he seems to have kept his seat
until 1695.
He was most probably a brewer, as he was suc-
ceeded by Sir Charles Cox, who was a brewer,
and resided at Hay's Wharf, where Alderman
Humphery is making his new dock. G. R. C.
Morgan O'Doherty (1st S. x. 96. 150., &c. ;
2nd S. ii. 58.) — I am surprised that no one of the
many who ought to be able to speak authorita-
tively on the subject has settled the question as
to the identity of " Morgan O'Doherty " with the
late Dr. Maginn. I am not at all inclined to
agree with your correspondent S., who summarily
assumes that Capt. Hamilton, and not Maginn,
was the original " Standard-bearer." I have
never had a doubt about the matter myself, and
though unable to offer any direct evidence in
favour of Maginn, I am confident that he, and he
alone, was the " Sir Morgan O'Doherty," the
" Ensign " and the " Standard-bearer " of Slack-
wood and Fraser. Apart from the authority of
Dr. Moir, in the Dublin University Magazine for
January, 1844, of Fraser (vol. Hi.), and of Pro-
fessor Ferrier, in his new edition of the Noctes
AmbrosiancB (vol. i. p. 33.), the internal evidence
alone is sufficient to stamp Maginn as the original
and true " Standard-bearer," and author of all
the various articles, squibs, and songs, ascribed to
Morgan O'Doherty. One work, at least, which
originally appeared under that signature in Fra~
ser's Magazine, — " Homeric Ballads," — has
since been published with Maginn's name in full,
as the author. The ripe scholarship, the rich
humour, the exuberant wit, and the jovial, rol-
licking spirit which mark the works of " Morgan
O'Doherty" are peculiarly the qualities which
made Dr. Maginn famous as the prince of maga-
zine writers. As for Captain Hamilton, I have
never till now heard that he was ever charged
with any brilliancy of wit or depth of learning.
H. E. W.
York.
Tale wanted (2nd S. ii. 11.) — Mrs. Opie's tale of
Suspicious Circumstances so truly answers the
conditions of a. jS.'s inquiry, that I have no doubt
that it is the one inquired after. R. W. DIXON.
Seaton Carew, co. Durham.
Queries on a Tour (2nd S. i. 470.) — Referring
to MR. BOASE'S fourth Query respecting the Turk-
ish inscription at Buda, which when there I did
not see, I would ask him if the ceJebrated sources
d'eaux are still in existence, concerning which
La Martiniere says :
" II y a des sources d'eaux chaudes, qui y donnent la
delicieuse commodite des bains. II y a de ces sources
dont 1'eau est si chaude que 1'on y cuit des oeufs en moins
de temps qu'il n'en faut pour les cuire dans de 1'eau qui
seroit sur un feu clair; et comme si la nature avoit voulu
temperer ces eaux, elleyajoint une source d'eau tres-
2°<J S. N° 37., SEPT. 13. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
219
froide; elles sont si peu eloignees Tune de 1'autre qu'un
memo homme peut en mesme temps remplir deux
cruches, 1'une d'eau chaude et 1'autre d'eau froide ; mais
ce qui surprend le plus, c'est de voir des poissons vivans
nager au fond de cette eau bouillante, d'oii il ne paroit
pas possible de les pouvoir tirer autrement que cuits." —
Reference to Wagenseil, Synops. Geo., p. 653.
R. S. CHARNOCK.
Gray's Inn.
Common Place Books (1st S. xii. 478. ; 2nd S. i.
486.) — Your correspondent F. C. H. will find an
excellent common-place book, paged and ruled,
with index, and with a short printed instruction
for use, published in 1820, entitled an Aid to
Memory, by J. A. Sargent ; sold by Wetton &
Jervis, publishers and stationers. Paternoster Row.
It is a thick quarto, and contains 574 pages, and
has a brass lock. I purchased mine in 1823, and
have found it of the greatest use. W. COLLYNS.
Coffer (2nd S. ii. 69.) — If Socius DUNELM will
refer to Weale's excellent Dictionary of Terms in
Architecture, 8fC., he will find that one meaning of
coffer is " a deep panel in a ceiling," and will pro-
bably be satisfied with the explanation thus
afforded of the passage quoted by him. Jeastes
of course means joists or beams. M. H. R.
Merry England (2nd S. ii. 3.) — Let me call
MR. KEIGHTLEY'S attention to the following note
to Jamieson's Kcempe Viser (I quote from the
note to canto iv. of Scott's Lady of the Lake} :
"Merry (Old Teut. rae?v>), famous, renowned; answer-
ing in its etymological meaning exactly to the Latin
mactus. Hence merry-men, as the address of a chief to his
followers, meaning not men of mirth but of renown. The
term is found in its original sense in the Gael, mara, and
the Welsh mawr, great ; and in the oldest Teut. romances,
mar, mer, and mere, have sometimes the same significa-
tion."
E. G. R.
Pence apiece (2nd S. ii. 66. 99. 1 18.) — Evelyn
in his Acetaria, says of artichokes :
" 'Tis not very long since this noble thistle came first
into Italy, improv'd to this magnitude by culture ; and
so rare in England that they were commonly sold for
crowns a piece." — Evelyn's Misc. Writings, by William
Upcott. 4to. Lond., 1825. p. 735.
ZEUS.
BothweWs last Place of Confinement (2nd S. ii.
141.) — See Pieces et Documents relatifs au Comte
de Bothwell, privately printed by Prince LebanofF,
St. Petersburg, 1856, royal 8vo. ; and relative
Notice sur la Collection des Portraits de Marie
Stuart appurtenant au Prince Alexandre Lebanoff,
also privately printed in royal 8vo., same place
and date. These may, perhaps, be obtained from
Mr. Dolman, 61. New Bond Street. M. L.
"Think of me" f2nd S. ii, 109.) — Although
Unable to inform X, H. where the poem may
be found, I can, I think, assign the date of its
first publication as 1828-29, from the following
circumstance. The late Thomas Hood com-
menced the publication of his Comic Annuals in
1830, and the first of them (written in 1829) con-
tains many parodies on songs and poems which
were then popular. One of these parodies is
headed " Lines to a Lady, on her Departure for
India," and consists often verses, of which I send
the first, the similarity of which to the verse sent
by X. H. is apparent :
" Go where the waves run rather Hoi born- hilly,
And tempests make a soda-water sea ;
Almost as rough as our own Piccadilly,
And -think of me!"
JUVERNA.
The lines in question will be found in a volume
entitled The Garden of Florence ; and other
Poem*, by John Hamilton (a writer who deserves
to be better known), published by John Warren,
Old Bond Street, London, in 1821.
H. E. CARRINGTON.
Bath.
Posies on simple heavy Gold Rings (2nd S. ii.
58.) — The following additions to the collection
already preserved in your pages have been made
since my communication.
1. " Jove sans cesse. — B. L."
2. " Loue alwaj% by night and day."
3. " Filz ou fille. — Anthony Bacon, 1596."
4. " To enjoy is to obey."
5. " Loue for Loue."
6. " Post spinas palma."
7. " Liue to loue, loue to Hue."
8. "All for all."
9. " Mutuall forbearance. — 1742."
10. " In loue's delight, spend day and night."
11. "Love's sweetest proofe."
12. " En bon foye."
13. " Truth trieth Troth."
14. " Beare and forbeare."
15. " Lett nuptiall joye, our time employe."
E. D.
Husbands authorized to beat their Wives (2nd S.
ii. 108.) — Your correspondent HENPECKED may
be informed that, according to Blachstone, the
power of moderately correcting the wife, by the
old common law, belonged to the husband. The
civil law allowed him for some misdemeanours,
flagellis et fustibus acriter verberare uxorem,
for others only modicam castigationem adhibere.
This right began to be doubted in the reign of
Charles II. , and latterly fell into disuse, except
among " the lower rank of people, who still claim
and exert their ancient privilege." I am sorry to
say that the same class in our day show as much
fondness for their ancient privilege as in Black-
stone's. This information, given almost exactly
in Blackstone's words, may be found in Commen-
taries, vol. i. p. 444., London, 1836, ed, Hovenden,
220
NOTES AND QUERIES.
S. NO 37., SEPT. 13. '56.
Presentiments of Death (2nd S. ii. 149.) — I hope
that none of your "numerous readers" will think
it worth while to reply to the requisition of R. ;
and I trust that, if any do, you will not insert
their communications. No other effect can be
produced by them than the excitement of morbid
sensibilities ; without one grain of utility to the
inquirer into natural phenomena, or even a profit-
able suggestion to the moral instructor. R.'s own
language shows how useless would be the investi-
gation, for he says that some entered the field
with presentiments that were fulfilled, and some
that were falsified; while others, who had no pre-
sentiments at all, met their deaths notwithstanding.
The latter, of course, comprehended the thought-
less and indifferent ; the former, such as from
religious and considerate feelings prepared for
what was very likely to be the fate of any who
entered into the fearful strife. I am sure that
most of your "numerous readers" will feel that
this is not a subject for " 1ST. & Q." D- S,
Device of a Star and a Crescent on Seals (2nd S.
ii. 89.)— The devices of sun, moon, and star,
whatever may be the allusion, are not confined to
ecclesiastical seals. The following are examples
to which I can immediately refer : —
South w ark Priory : Sun and moon.
Abbey of Tavistock : Sun and moon.
Borough of Ashburton : Sun and moon.
Corporation of Exeter : Sun, moon, and star.
Common seal of Lyme-Regis : Sun, moon, and
star. J- £>• S.
Bottles filled lij Pressure of tlie Sea (2nd S. i.
4<)3. ; ii. 114.) — MR. WOODMAN has obliged me
by his communication. The question " how does
the water enter the bottle " seems, however, to be
yet sub j ud ice.
Several mariners have presented me with bottles
filled in the manner indicated by the statement of
Captain Spowart : in each the wax covering the
cork and mouth of the bottle remained unbroken,
(iold has been proved by the Florentine Academi-
cians to be pervious to water. Has water by any
experiments been squeezed through glass ? It,
has occurred to me that if hollow globes could be
so graduated as to be filled at depths of 100^200,
1000, 2000 fathoms, &c., the mariner could in
deep sea soundings ascertain upon hauling in the
Bounding line whether* it had been affected by
currents, on observing how many of the globes
attached to the lead were filled. Perhaps Maury
may induce some captain to fill one column more
of his abstract log with observations on the sub-
ject. JOHN HUSBAND.
Berwick.
Names of He Days of the Week (2nd S. ii. 133.)
— If your correspondent B., who asks for the name
of the heathen deity, &c. to which each day was
dedicated, would only refer to the first vol. of Clavis
Calendaria, from pp. 100. to 131. he will find some
interesting information on the subject ; as well as
a table exhibiting the presumed superintending in-
fluence of the planets over the twenty-four hours
of the day, or Kychthemeron, throughout the
week. B. S.
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Among other interesting Papers u-hieh we arc compelled to postpone
•until next -week an Mn. GAIRDNER'S Note ON THE DBATH OF CLARENCE
— DOUCEANA, &C.
The number of REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES waiting for insertion
obliges us also to postpone our usual NOTES ON BOOKS.
MEMOR. We have a Letter for this Correspondent. Where can Vfl
addrcts it ?
T. B. There is No CHARGE. for the Insertion of Queries.
E. II. A. The Lines on Sleep arc. bi/ Thomas Warton. See several
translations or imitations of them in our 1st S. x. 356. 412.
J. IT. On the origin of the name of the bird called Turkey, see 1st S.
R. J. Dr. William. Smi/tfi uns Master of Clare Hall in 1598. His
predecessor was Dr. Thomas liin'je.
t7ie
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2-a S. NO 38., SEPT. 20. '56.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
221
LONDON, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 20, 1856.
THE DEATH OF CLARENCE.
The curious and well-known story of the Duke
of Clarence, brother to Edward IV., having been
drowned in a butt of Malmsey wine, has been re-
ceived with considerable scepticism by some of
our historians ; and certainly it would be difficult
to conceive a fact a priori more improbable. Cla^
rence had rebelled against his brother and been
forgiven; but his discontented spirit made him
again obnoxious to Edward's resentment, and he
was impeached of treason. The case was tried
before the House of Lords, and Clarence was
condemned to death. Edward had been his sole
accuser ; but, after the sentence was passed, there
appears to have been a struggle in his mind be-
tween the offended majesty of the king and the
natural affection of the brother, and some time
elapsed before the law was allowed to take its
course. At last the Speaker of the Commons
went up to the House of Lords, and desired that
the sentence might be executed. Edward caused
it to be done in secret, not wishing that his bro-
ther should suffer the ignominy of a public exe-
cution. The method of his punishment was not
made known ; but if we may believe the chroni-
clers, the general impression of the time was that
he underwent the penalty of his treason by being
suffocated in a cask of wine !
The only contemporary, or nearly contempo-
rary, authorities for this extraordinary tale are
Fabyan and Comines ; but their testimony would
undoubtedly have been held amply sufficient to
establish anything a degree more credible. Co-
mines, it is true, was a foreigner ; and, though he
appears to have credited the story, qualifies his
testimony with " comme on disoit." But Fabyan
was an Englishman and a Londoner, and had no
doubt about it whatever. " The Duke of Cla-
rence," he says, "was secretly put to death and
drowned in a barrel of Malvesye within the
Tower." Nor is there any contradictory testi-
mony; the Continuator of the Croyland Chronicle
only says, •* Factuni est id, qualecunque erat,
genus supplicii," showing that he himself was not
acquainted with the circumstances. What, then,
are we to think of the affair ? Are we to believe
that this extraordinary mode of punishment was
actually had recourse to ? Or, if not, are we to
believe that it was the general opinion of the
time ? The report must have spread far to reach
Comines, and must have appeared to him to rest
on tolerably respectable authority, otherwise so
intelligent a historian would scarcely have men-
tioned it in the way he has done. However extra-
ordinary then it may appear to us, one would
think the nineteenth century ought to distrust its
judgment of a fact which contemporaries appear
to have had so little difficulty in believing.
A solution of this riddle has occurred to me,
the value of which I leave better judges to de-
cide. I shall be happy to meet with anything
confirmatory of my theory ; but should any of
your correspondents see arguments against it,
they can do me no greater favour than by demo-
lishing my speculations. Meanwhile the follow-
ing remarks may, I hope, be not uninteresting.
If I were to ask, Did they kill him first and
drown him afterwards ? I suppose I should be
considered guilty of something like an Irish bull.
Yet this is exactly what is implied, if the expres-
sion of Fabyan above quoted be construed strictly :
"The Duke of Clarence was put to death, and
drowned in a barrel of Malvesye." Of course we
must not look for a rigid adherence to grammar
in such a writer ; but if it can be satisfactorily
made out that the word "drown" was used in old
English authors in such a manner that it would
have been no absurdity to talk of drowning a dead
body, then Fabyan's grammar is in this instance
vindicated, and we have got a new version of the
death of Clarence.
I find in Shakspeare two instances which I
think go some way to prove this. The first is in
the well-known speech of Prospero in The Tem-
pest :
" I'll break my staff,
Bury it certain fathoms in the earth,
And, deeper than did ever plummet sound,
I'll drown my book."
Burying and drowning here appear to be quite
analogous processes. The thing that is to be
drowned has no more life in it than the thing
that is to be buried. But it may be thought that
the word "drown" is here used by poetic licence,
with a slight departure from its strict signifi-
cation. The next instance is plain prose. When
Parolles, in AW 8 Well that Ends Well, having
undertaken to recover his drum, is deliberating
by what device he shall excuse himself for not
accomplishing his task, he says :
" I would the cutting of my garments would serve my
turn ; • or the breaking of my Spanish sword .... or, to
drown my clothes and say I was stripped,"
If inanimate objects could be " drowned," why
not dead bodies ?
I am the more inclined to this theory because
it explains another instance — the only other in-
stance I know of — of a death concerning which
there was a similar report. In a certain ballad or
rhyming history of the " Ladye Bessie," or Prin-
cess Elizabeth of York, queen of Henry VII., the
heroine alludes to the murder of her brothers,
Edward V. and the Duke of York, by their uncle
Richard III., in these words :
222
NOTES AND QUERIES. [ ** s. N° 38., SEPT. 20. '56.
« He dyd my brethren to the deathe on a daye
In their bed where Jhey did lye.
He drowned them both in a pype of wyne.
I can see no way of reconciling this startling
inconsistency except in the manner in which I
have attempted to account for the story of Cla-
rence. And it is remarkable that the fate of
Clarence and the fate of the princes were alike
shrouded in mystery. The body of Clarence was
never shown to the public, and nobody knew what
ultimately became of it ; the bodies of the princes
were not discovered for many generations. But
the world is never content to remain ignorant of
the fate of those who have once been prominently
before it ; and in the absence, probably, of any
certain information about the disposal of the
bodies, rumour had recourse to the ingenious
contrivance of a wine cask.
Thus, I venture to think, we may possibly
divest these two rumours of the improbability
connected with the mode of death. But we have
still to consider the " drowning " or immersing of
the bodies. That this should have been done in
wine, either in the case of Clarence or the princes,
appears unlikely. Immersion in wine would, no
doubt, have preserved the bodies, but the object,
both with Edward IV. and with Richard III.,
would have been rather to annihilate them, or
secrete them beyond the possibility of after-dis-
covery. With regard to the bodies of Edward V.
and his brother, Rastell gives a story which most
probably obtained currency before the confession
of the murderers, that they were carried out to
sea, and there sunk. May it not have been sup-
posed that they were committed to the deep in a
wine cask ? The idea was not unnatural. A
wine cask taken out to sea as part of a ship's
cargo would create no suspicion. A wine cask
might be tossed overboard and nobody be one
whit the wiser. To this fate popular rumour may
have consigned the bodies both of Clarence and
the princes ; and it seems just possible that Fa-
byan may have meant no more when he said that
the former was " drowned in a barrel of Malm-
sey."
I know not, indeed, if it can be at all made out
that in mediaeval English " a pipe of wine," or " a
barrel of Malmsey," ever meant the vessel without
the liquor ; but I may remark that modern gram-
matical usage differs more from ancient usage in
the matter of prepositions than in any other part
of speech. Of this Home Tooke gives an instance
from the old play of the Sad Shepherd :
" Marian. Come, Amie, you'll go with us.
Amie. I am not well.
Lionel. She's sick of the yong shep'ard that bekist
her."
In this case "of" is used where we should say
" for," the difference being easily accounted for,
* Harl MSS. 367. f. 89.
as explained by the author of the Diversions of
Purley, by extending the expression thus, "She
is sick /or love of* the young shepherd." Ancient
usage abbreviated the expression by omitting " for
love;" modern usage would rather omit "love of."
Now may we not deal with the words " a barrel
of wine " in a manner somewhat similar ? In our
day they mean " a barrel full of wine ;" but who
knows that Fabyan may not have meant "a barrel
for the holding of wine" ?
But if this philological explanation will not
serve, it may at least be conceded that the wine
cask could easily have been converted into a cask
of wine by the natural love of the marvellous, and
that though both Fabyan and Comines got the
story on what seemed very reliable authority, the
tale might have been slightly modified before it
came to them. But the "drowning" of the corpse
is what I principally seek to establish, not that it
was immersed in water instead of wine.
JAMES GAIRDNER.
BRIEFS.
Before seeing MR. BLENCOWE'S notices on the
East Bergholt parish books (2nd S. ii. 121.), I had
intended to draw attention to the lists of the
sums formerly collected under royal authority by
means of "briefs," which are prefixed to many
ancient parish registers, as they contain various
scraps of information regarding the repairs and
rebuilding of churches, accidents, &c., the dates
of which are likely to prove useful to the topo-
grapher and historian. A vast storehouse of facts
of this kind already exists in the pages of " N". &
Q." I shall therefore add an abstract of the list
in my own parish register as a supplement to MR.
B.'s communication, which example may be fol-
lowed by other contributors.
Collected in Ormsby St. Margaret.
Jan. 2nd, 1675. Collected by vertue of a letter £ s. d.
patent or briefe for yc building the Parish
Church of Newent'in Gloucestershire the
sume of nineteen pence - - 00 01 07
Jan. 16, 1675. Collected for ye Parish Church
of Oswestree in ye County of Salop, demo-
lished in yc late Civil War, the sume of
three shillings and nine pence - - 00 03 09
September 24th, 1676. Collected for ye Towne
and Porte of Topsham in Devon the sume
of one shilling nine pence hafpeny - 00 01 09^
Feb. 4, 1676. For a burning at Eato, near
Windsor, in ye County of Bucks - - 00 01 08
July 19th, 1677. For Blithburgh in Suff., briefe
for a fire happening about June 22, 76 - 00 03 06
July 22, 77. Cottenham in Cambs. - - 00 05 00
Augrt 5, 77. Towcester in Northampton, fire - 00 01 07£
March 17, 77. Burning in Rickmersworth - 00 01 0(Jg
March 31, 78. Do. Harlington in Middlesex - 00 01 08
Septem. 8, 78. Do. Wein in Salop - - 00 01 06
* Or, "of love for."
w s. NO 38., SE*T. so. '56.], NOTES AND QUERIES.
223
£ s. d.
00 01 10
00 01 7
00 01 02
00 01 01
00 01 09
00 00 10
00 03 03
00 07 00
00 01 08
00 02 01
00 02 08
00 02 05
00 01 10
Septem. 29, 78. Do. Uffington in Lincolnsh. -
March 9, 1678. Do. Horsham, St. Faith's -
March 23, 1679. Do. Pattingha in Stafford -
June 1, 1679. Do. in Towne and Port of
Dover -
Septemb. 7, 1679. Do. Lurgishal in Wilts -
Jan. 17'h, 1680. Collected for the^Redemption
of slaves in Turky, etc., ye sume of I1 12s 5d
March 13, 1680. "Burning of Tadcaster, Yorks.
April 10th, 1681. Do. at Roxford in Cambs. -
August 21st, 1681. Collected to a brief for ye
poor Protestants in Poland
September 18, 1681. Burning in Stafford
September 28, 1681. Do. in ye Town of Bish-
ton, in ye Parish of Colwich, Stafford
ffebruary 19th, 168£. Do. Hans worth, Yorks.
ffebruary 26, 168£. Do. East Budly in Devon
March 5, 168^. Do. East Peckham in Kent -
March 25, 168£. Collected to a brief for y*
Relief of the French Protestants, the suine
of one pound fourteen shillings and nine
pence.
Collected yn to a brief for repairing a great
church in St. Albans in Hertfordshire, ye
sume of thirteen shillings.
April 9lh, 1682. Burning in Caister, Line. -
July 16, 1682. Collected yn to a brief for a
burning in a place called ve Maze, in ye
Parishes of S* Thomas ye Ap'le and S4
Olave, in ye Towne and Burrough of South -
Wark, in the County of Surrey
September 24, 1682. Burning of New Wind-
sor, Berks. - -
Do. For a burning in London
9ber 19th, 82. Do. at Preston, Candever, in y«
County of South-Hampton
Dec. 3, 82. Do. at Stoke, near Clare, in Suff. -
Dec. 17, 1682. Do. at Ensham in Oxfordsh. -
July 17, 1683. Do. at Wapping in London -
Septem. 23, 1683. Do. at Colompto, Devon -
Septem. 30, 1683. Do. at Bassingborne,
Cambs. -
March 25, 1684. Do. at New Market in Suff.
Also to a burning in Channel Row, in ye City
of Westminster in Middlesex
Septemb. 28, 1684. Collected yn a brief for
rebuilding a greatly dilapidated Church in
Portsmouth, in ye County of Hampshire - 00 03 06
ffebr. 10, 84. Burning at Sutton in Caister in
Northhampt. - - - - 00 02 00
ffeb. 22, 1684. Do. in Castor wthin Ryley, in
ye County of North Hampton - - 00 02 00
March 1", 84. Do. in Ely - - - 00 02 06
April 5, 85. Do. at Elsewas in Staffordsh. - 00 03 06
April 19, 85. Do. at Staverton in .... - 00 02 OS£
May 3, 1685. Do. in Swaffam (Norf.) - 00 01 06
May 31, 1685. Collected yn to a brief for
Market Deeping in Lincolneshire - - 00 03 10£
April 26th, 1685. Burning at Saresden in ye
County of Norff. (?) - - - 00 01 10
June 8, i685. Collected yn to a petition for ye
burning of Stody Parsonage, in ye County of
Norff., the sume of three and fifty shillings
and three pence.
July 5, 65. Burning at Beamister, C° Dorset 00 03 04£
July 19, 1685. Collected for an inundation of
water at Kirkcanton in ye County of Cum-
berland - - 00 02 08
Aug»t 2, 1685. Burning at Haxby in York-
shire 00 02 10
00 01 08
- 00 02 02
00 01 03
00 02 03
00 02 04
00 02 06
00 01 07
01 12 06
00 02 01
00 01 06
00 09 03
- 00 06 OO
Aug. 16, 1685. Do. in .... C° Wilts
Aug. 30, 1685. Do. at Ilfreston, C° Sussex -
Oct. 25, 1685. Do. at Stanto in Suff.
May 9, 1686. Do. in Hereford
Septemb. 12, 1686. Collected yn to ye repair-
ing ye Church of Eynsbury in yc County of
Huntingdon
October 21st, J688. Collected to Mr. Button's
petition for his burnt Vicaridg in Norff. -
March 25, 1690. Collected to a brief for a
burning in East Smithfield, in the parish
of S* Botolph without Aldgate, in ye County
of Middlesex, the loss being 6060U
Itm. Burning at New Alresford in Hampsh. -
Oct 19, 1690. Do. at S* Ives, C° Huntingdon
Nov. 2, 1690. Do. in Stafford
Nov. 30. Do. at Bishops Lavington in Wilts
Dec. 14, 1690. Do. in Southwark
April 5, 1691. Do. at Morpeth in Northum-
berland -
April 12, 1691. Collected to a Briefe for the
loss of Mr. Clopton of Norwich, one pefiy.
July 20, 1691. Burning in East and West
Teingmouth and Shaldon in ye County of
Devon - -
Septem. 20, 1691. Do. in Thirske in ye North
Riding of Yorksh. -
March 6, 1692. Do. in Bealt, C° Brecon
August 18, etc., 1692. Collected yn to a Briefe
for Redemption of Captives in Algier, Sally,
and Barbary - -
Oct. 9th, 1692. Burning in Ledbury, C° Here-
ford - ...
Novemb. 6, 1692. Burning at Hedon in
Yorksh. -
Decemb. 11, 1692. Do. in Havant in South -
hamptonshire - - - ' -
January 8th, 1692 [3]. Do. in Ellesworth,
C° Cambs. -
ffebr. 5, 1692. Do. at Tunbridg Wells, C°
Kent
April 3, 1693. Collected then to the Burning
and plundering of Druridg Weddrington
and Chebborne in Northumberland
April 30, 1693. Burning in Lambeth, C° Sur-
rey ....
July 9th, 1693. Do. in Churchill, C° Oxon -
August 6th, 1693. Collected to a double burn-
ing at Dennis Gunton's of Wickmer in ye
Co. of Norffolk -
Decemb. 3, 1693. Burning at Wooller, C°
North.
August 5th, 1694. Do. in Yalding, C° Kent -
Novemb. 29, 1694. Collected to a Briefe for
the ffrench Protestants -
April 10th, 1695. Burning in yeCitie of York
Itm. Do. in Nether-Haven and
ffiddleton, C° Wilts
July 28, 95. Do. at Grand- Cester, Cambs. -
Aug. 25, 1695. Do. at Gillingam in Dorset -
Sept. 22, 1695. Do. at Trinitie House, King-
ston upon Hull -
ffeb. 23, 1695. Do. by lightening in Holbeach,
in Holland in Lincolnshire
Aug. 31, 1696. Burning in Broughton, C°
SthHampton -
September 13th, Do. in S4 Olave, Southwark,
C° Surrey - - - - -
Octob. 18, 1696. Do. of Robert Barker of Aby
inLincolns. « - *•
£ s. d.
00 03 04
00 03 11
00 01 00
00 01 09
00 01 08i
00 04 10
00 09 06.V
00 05 04"
00 02 07
00 02 09
00 01 00
00 09 07
- 00 01 07
- 00 08 06
00 01 08
00 03 09
ii 09 04
00 01 05
00 01 02
00 02 07
00 02 09
00 03 00
- 00 03 04
00 02 01
00 02 03
00 03 01
00 02 07
00 01 01
01 05 05£
00 10 06|
00 04 03£
00 00 07i
00 02 02
00 01 06
00 01 09
00 01 10
00 01 00
00 01 04
224
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd S. N° 38., SEPT. 20. '56.
£ s. d.
Nov. 1, 1696. Do. at Streatham in ye Isle of
Ely - f 4' - 00 00 09
ffebruary ye last, 1696. Do. at Mildenhall in
Suff. - 00 00 04
Septemb. 28th, 1697. Collected yn to the re-
paire of the Church of West Halton in yc ,
County of Lincolne. r 00 00 03
Octob. 10th, 97. Burning in in Staf-
fordsh. - , - 00 03 08
April 3, 1698. Collected yn to ye Burning pf
ye houses of Richd Uriel of Cpckermouth
in ye County of Cumberland 1 3
Apr. 17, 1698." Burning in Litch-field, Staf-
fordsh. - 1 2
October 2d, 1698. Collected for Redemptio of
Thomas Rose of Lynn, a Slave jn Morocco 3 10
8*er 16, 1698. Burning in Newbury, C° Berkg. 1 4J
February 5th, 1698. Do. at Minehead in So-
mersetsh. - 10
March 5, 1698. Do. at Derby-Court in West-
minster - - - - - 10
March 19, 98. Do. in ye Parish of S* Giles in
yc Fields - - 20
April 17, 18, 19, 20, 27. Collected to persecuted
Protestants in Piemont, Sauoy, &c., and
French Protestants Refugees in Switzerland 2 19 0
April 13, 1699. Collected y11 to a Brief for a
Burning at Lancaster - 0 0 0
Octob. 3, 1700. Collected y» to a Briefe for
Ransoming Captive Seamen from ye King
of Fez and Morrocco in Turky - 0 18 7
Octob. 19, 1701. I published a Briefe for a fire
at Hormonden in yc County of Kent, yc loss
being above 1000U, and being after y° expi-
ration of ye time for gathering, there was
nothing given to it.
December 26, 1701. Collected yn to the Re-?
pair of Bromley Church in Staffordshire - 28
ffebruary 7th, 1701. Collected yn in ye Parish
for yc Burning of Leominster Church in y°
County of Hereford - 0 4 0^
ffebruary 15th, 1701. Collected yn in ye Parish
Church for ye Damage of Rye Church in yc
County of Sussex - 23
June 10th, 1702. Collected y11 in ye Parish of
Orm'sby S1 Margaret towards ye Repara-
tion of Chester Cathedrall - 22
Aug. 16, 1702. Burning in Ely - 2 0£
Septemb. 13. Burning at RoHeston in Staf-
fordsh. - '-. 9^
Septemb. 20. Collected in ye Parish Church
to yc ruines of Chepstow Church in y°
County of Mon mouth - 1 2
January ye 17th, 1702. Collected in yc Parish
Church to yc Damage of Corn-Mills by
fflouds, &c. in Congleton in ye County of
Chester - 0 6
ffeb. 7, 1702. Fire at Shutsford in ye County
of Oxon, i.e. Oxford 0 6
Mar. 7, 1702. Collected in ye Parish to re-
pairing S1 Giles Church in Shrewsbury in
ye County of Salop - 7|
April 11th. "Do. to ye Briefe of Monks Harby,
seaventeen pence ba'peTiy.
July 18, 1703. Fire at Wrottesley in Stafford-
shire 1 3
Aug 1, 1703. Burning in Spittlefields Ham-
let in Stepney 1 2^
Aug. 29, 1703* Burning at Faringdon, C°
Berk?. - - * , - 05
7ber 12, 1703. Do. at Fordingbrjdg, C« South?
ampton - 1 11
8ber 10, 1703. Do. af Tuxford, Nottingham •> 22
1707.
May 4th, Burning at North Marston, C°
Bucks. - 5
And Collected to ye repair of Broseley
Church in the County of Salop - . - 2i
June 29. Burning of Towcester - £
July 13. Do. of Joseph Wakelin at Hartly
Green in ye County of Stafford - - 5
July 27. Do. in Spilsby, C° of Lincoln.
August 10. Do. in Shjre-lane, C° of Middlesex 1
November 1 6. Collected to ye rebuilding of
Dursley Church and steeple fallen downe
in y° County of Gloucester, one peiiy.
November ye 9. Burning at IJeavitree, C°
Devon - - . ' - - 3J
November ye 23d, 1707. Collected to the "re-
building of ye Parish Church and Tower of
Orford in Suffolk - 1 9
Novemb. 30. Burning at Southam, C° War-
wick 'r - T JO
May 2d, 1708. Burning at Bewdly, C° Wor-
cester - - - 3
May 9th. Do. at Woodhurstj CQ Huntingdon
May 16. Do. at Wincanton in Soinersetgh. - 6
May 23. Do. at Alcobury cum Weston, C°
Huntingdon r * " * 3
July 25th. To a Robbery by the French and a
burning - 10
The above entries are made and mostly signed
by Geo. Cowper, first curate and then vicar of
the parish, and are countersigned by the church-
wardens. They show that pur ancestors had no
lack of calls at any rate on their charity. There
seems to have been a considerable falling off in
their contributions after 1695 ; perhaps owing to
pressure on account of war prices, a cause which
acts in the same direction at the present time,
E. S. TAYLOB,
Ormesby St. Margaret.
DR. JOHN CLAYTON AND COAL GAS.
This gentleman has received the credit of being
one of the first, if not the first, who experimented
on the nature of coal gas. Mr. Thos. S. Pickston,
in his Practical Treatise on Gas Lighting, says
(p. 69.) : -
" That a permanently elastic and inflammable aeriform
fluid is evolved from pit-coal appears to have been first
experimentally ascertained by the Rev. Dr. John Clayton,
Dean of Kildare. With the exact date of the discovery,
we are not acquainted ; but as the communication made
to the Earl of Egmont, F.R.S., in 1739, by Dr. Robert
Clayton, Bishop of Cork and Orrery, purported to be an
extract of a letter from the discoverer to the Hon. Robert
Boyle, who died in 1691, the discovery must have been
made prior to that event, though not published in the
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society till the
year 1739."
But no mention is made in the published por-
2»<i S. N° 38., SEPT. 20. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
225
tions of his letter to prove that the author had
discovered the property it possessed of burning
after it had passed through water. This fact was
mentioned in the second volume of the Chemical
Esmys published by Dr. Watson (afterwards
Bishop of Llandaff) in 1767. And. Mr. Samuel
Hughes, in his Treatise on Gas Works, Loncjon,
1853 (p. 9.), says: —
" To the celebrated Dr. Watson, Bishop of Llandaff,
we are indebted for the first notice of the important fact,
that coal gas retains its inflammability after passing
through water into which it was allowed to ascend through
curved tubes."
Dr. Clayton, having omitted to mention his
knowledge of this peculiarity in coal gas in his
letter to the Hon. Robert Boyle, it was but rea-
sonable to suppose that he was ignorant of it.
But I find, in the Miscellanea Curiosa, London,
1705-6-7, in vol.iii. p. 281.,
" a letter from Mr. John Clayton, Rector of Crofton,
at Wakefield, in Yorkshire, to the Royal Society, May 12,
1688, giving an account of several observables in Vir-
ginia," &c. —
in which, after describing some of the severe
storms he had witnessed during his residence in
the colony, he adds :
" Durst I offer my weak reasons when I write to so
great Masters thereof, I should here consider the nature
of thunder,' and compare it with some sulphurous spirits
which I have drawn from coals, that I could no waj'
condense, yet were inflammable, nay, would burn after
they passed through water, and that seemingly fiercer, if
they were not overpowered therewith. I have kept of
this spirit a considerable time in bladders ; and tho' it
appeared as if they were only blown with air, yet, if I
let it forth, .and fired it with a match or candle, it would
continue burning till all were spent."
The wording of this extract resembles the pub-
lished portion of the communication made public
in 1739 so closely as to leave no doubt that they
were both written by the same person ; and I
presume it establishes beyond a doubt Dr. John
Clayton's claim to the discovery of gas retaining
its inflammability after passing through water.
T. H.W.
Richmond, Virginia, August 23, 1856.
NATURE, AND HER MOULD, OR DIE, FOR MAN.
When Byron, in his Monody on the Death of
Sheridan, laments —
" That Nature formed but one such man,
And broke the die,"
he perhaps does not mean to imply that such is
not the ordinary procedure of nature in her handi-
work, at least so far as the human race is con-
cerned, but that it is a matter of regret that in
this so successful instance she did not stamp a
duplicate impression. This, however, she has only
done most rarely, and by accident as it were :
witness the one or two cases of mistakeable
identity recorded in the Causes Celebres and else-
where,— exceptions which serve at once to illus-
trate and prove her rule to the contrary. Yet the
eloquent egotist, J. J. Rousseau, seems to fancy
that men in general are made by the dozen, while
he, as to be paralleled by none but himself, is the
result of an experiment of questionable expe-
diency in the way of separate manufacture :
" Si la nature a bien ou mal fait de briser le moule
dans lequel elle m'a jets', c'est ce dont on ne peut juger
qu'apres m'avoir lu." — Les Confessions, chap. i.
The figure, whatever it may imply, has been a
favourite one with eulogists. The biographer of a
comedian who amused the public in his day'not
less successfully than Sheridan winds up with —
" L'on peut dire sans hyperbole, que la nature, apres
1'avoir fait, en cassa la moule." — La Vie de Scaramouche,
12mo., 1690, p. 107.
Again, I find it in Ariosto :
" Non e un si bello in tante altre persone,
Natura il fece, e poi roppa la stampa."
Orl. Furioso, cant. x. stanz. 84.
and, returning to the north, in the work of our
ancient Scottish poet :
" Her arms are lang, her shoulders braid,
Her middil gent and small :
The mold is lost wherein was maed
This a per se of all."
Alexander Montgomery's Poems.
Here my memory fails me ; perhaps others may
be able to indicate an earlier, if not the original,
use of the figure. WILLIAM BATES.
Birmingham.
DOUCEANA.
Notes by F. Douce in his copy of Thos. Green-
hill's NeKpoKrjdfia, or the Art of Embalming, 4to«,
Lond., 1705 :
"A Copy in Longman's Suppl. Catal., 1817, No. 9503,
at 11. 16s. Query, if Mr. Greenhill was aware that his
subject had been already discussed in Penicher, Traits
des Embaumemens selon les anciens et les modernes, Pads,
1699, 12mo. ?
" There is a receipt for embalming bodies in Jordan,
Recueil de Litterature, p. 22.
" See some good remarks on embalming in Voyages de
M. du Mont, torn. ii. lettre ix. :
" « Les Rois d'Egypte et de Syrie
Vouloient qu'on embaumat leurs corps
Pour rester plus long-terns morts :
Quelle folie !
Avan t que de nos corps
Notre ame soit partie
Avec du vin embaumons-nous
Pour rester plus long-terns en vie.'
" It has been ingeniously imagined that the practice
among the early Christians of embalming the bodies in
NOTES AND QUERIES. o* s. N° 38., SEPT. 20. '56.
their crypts and catacombs originated to prevent the con-
sequences that might otherwise have ensued from the
corruption of the flesh when they were engaged in their
i'eligious meetings in those places.
" On the 6th of April, 1833, I was present at the open-
ing of a mummy at the Ciiaring Cross Hospital bv Mr.
Pettigrevv and assistants. It was No. — in the Egyptian
sale at Sotheby's, March, 1833, and cost £ — .
" It was taken from a rude coffin of sycamore wood,
and was enwrapped in many linen or cotton folds
and bandages, that caused much trouble in removing.
The body was in a dried state, with much of the flesh in
a shrivelled state, and extremely perfect and free from
any dislocation of the limbs. The mixed materials of
asphalt um and linen had several fragments of gold leaf
very finely beaten. On the feet and head were spots of
gold leaf, but it had not been gilt all over, as Mr. P.
seemed to think had been the case. The flesh had be-
come black. Nothing was found in the mummy, at least
during the process of opening. There were present Sir
Henrv Halford, Ottley, Hawkins and Barnwell of the
British Museum, Dr. Richardson, Mr. Gage. Mr. Petti-
grevv delivered a very appropriate lecture on the occasion,
chiefly extracted from Herodotus, Diodorus Siculus, &c.
He stated, but erroneously, that coins were found in the
mouths of mummies. This could not be, previously at
least to the Greek dynasty in Egypt. The coin of
Hadrian, said to have been found in a mummy, and of
which Schlegel has given some account, is of a very
doubtful nature. Pieces of gold have been found in the
mouths of mummies, and Coxe had a gold idol which he
was told had been so found."
Notes by F. Douce in his copy of S. Gregory's
Dialogues translate de Latin en Francoys, printed
by Pierre Leber, 4to. Par. :
" See what Mr. Turner has said of these dialogues in
his Saxon History, vol. ii. p. 317., and see particularly
Davies's Icon libellorum, p. 184.
" There is a very fine MS. of Gregory's Homilies and
Dialogues in the French language in Bibl. Reg. 15 D. v.
"Reasons for supposing that this work was not written
by S. Gregory the Great, but by a later pope of that
name. See Archbp. Abbot's Description of the World,
p. 217.
" More on these dialogues in Fabricii, Bill. Med. JEtat.
iii. 250.
"In the cathedral library at Autun is a Merovingian
MS. of S. Gregory's dialogues, whence Millin justly in-
fers that they were written by Gregory himself. See his
Voyage dans les Departemens du Midi," torn. i. p. 329."
Notes by F. Douce in his copy of Abrege des
Dome Livres Olympiades, composes par le S.
Jehan Vander Noot, Patrice d Anvers^ fol. : Anvers,
1579 : —
" In Balthazar's Genealogies des Conies de Flandres,
Antwerp, 1598, folio, are verses addressed to the reader,
in French, by ' Jean Vander Noot, patrice d' Anvers.'
" He was in London in the reign of Eliz., where, in
1569, he published A Theatre wherein be represented as
wet the Miseries and Calamities that follow the Voluptuous
Worldlings, fyc., 12°, with many very curious cuts and
sonnets. The work is ded. to "Queen Eliz. From this
dedication it appears that he had, in company with many
of his countrymen, taken refuge in England to avoid
the persecutions for religion in Holland and the Low
Countries. The work consists of Petrarch's 'Visions, as
in Spenser; of Du Bellay's sonnets (in blank verse, and
nearly in the same words as Spenser's rimes) : * the
authors declaration upon his Visions, &c. Transl. out of
French into English by Theodore Roest.' Q. therefore,
who wrote the above ' Visions' and ' Sonnets '?
" In his Olympiades, 1579, he calls himself ' Patrice
d' Anvers.' In this is a good portrait of him in copper.
" Another work by him is Hymtie de Braband, 1580,
folio. With his portrait in wood.
" Another, Divers (Euvres poetiques, 1581, folio. With
his portrait in wood.
" I conceive the copper cuts in this very rare volume
to have been done by Coornhaert. — F. D.''
W. D. M.
SSUnar
Extraordinary Births. — The following ap-
peared in many papers ; I take it from The Globe
of April 16, 1856 :
" Sunday Morning, the 13th April, between the hours
of 8 and 10, Mrs. E. Phinn, the wife of Edward Phinn, a
guard in the service of the London and North Western
Railway Company, residing at 144. Scofield Street,
Bloomsbury, Birmingham, was safely delivered of five
children, three boys, born alive and doing well, and two
girls born dead."
The following is a cutting from the Sunday
Times of August 17, 1856 :
" A Doubtful Story. — The Journal des Annonces of
Lisle announces that a married woman, residing in a com-
mune near that town, and who has twice been brought to
bed of twins, has just been safely delivered of five chil-
dren, three boys and two girls. All the children are well
formed, but small, and are in good health. A singular
particularity is stated by the journal to have attended
the pregnancy of this woman. During the last two
months all the objects before her eyes appeared to be
several times repeated, but since her delivery her sight
has returned to its natural state."
Perhaps the detail of the woman's sight in the
last would not succeed in giving credit to the
" doubtful story ; " but I fear that the extreme
circumstantial detail of the first case has induced
many readers to yield their belief to that narra-
tive. Fortunately I have had the opportunity of
testing its truth, and I find that the account is
perfectly trustworthy in all respects, except the
matter of the five children ! Mrs. Phinn had
only three children at one birth, and all three
were born dead. As a rule, all extraordinary
stories in newspapers may be taken as fact, except
in their extraordinary details.
C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY.
Birmingham.
The Charter Oak of Connecticut. —The follow-
ing from The Times of Sept. 9, 1856, ought to be
preserved in " N. & Q."
" The old ' Charter Oak ' of Connecticut, which stood
near the city of Hartford, was blown down on the 21st by
a gale of wind, to the great regret of the inhabitants. In
1686 James II. dissolved the government of the colony,
and demanded the surrender of the original charter
granted by Charles II. in 1662 — a very liberal one, so
much so that it would never have passed through the
* proper department ' of a much more recent age. When
S. NO 38., SEPT. 20. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
227
required to surrender it the Governor and Council refused,
even resisting the terrors of three several writs of quo
warranto. Whitehall was a long way off in those days.
On the 3 1st October, 1687, Sir Edmund Andross and a
guard of sixtv soldiers entered Hartford to seize the
charter by force, if necessary. The sitting of the As-
sembly was judiciously protracted till evening, when the
Governor and Council appeared about to yield the pre-
cious document ; it was brought in and laid on the table.
Suddenly the lights were put out and all was darkness
and silence; when the candles were again lighted the
charter had vanished. The Council had not refused to
give it up, but it was gone. The Governor was deposed,
nevertheless, and the royal orders carried out ; the charter
had in the meantime been concealed in a gigantic oak ;
on James's abdication the instrument was reproduced, the
old Governor re-elected under it, and it remained the
organic law of the colony till 1818. From this incident
sprung the veneration of the people for the 'Charter
Oak.' It is supposed to have been a very old tree when
America was discovered. The day after the tree was
blown down the city band played solemn music over its
trunk for two hours, and the city bells tolled at sunset in
token of the public sorrow."
T.
Dress. — The following paragraph appears in
the Morning Chronicle and London Advertiser of
Saturday, July 29, 1780 :
"A few days* ago, a Macaroni made his appearance in
the Assembly-room at Whitehaven in the following
dress : a mixed silk coat, pink sattin waistcoat and
breeches, covered with an elegant silver nett, white silk
stockings with pink clocks, .pink sattin shoes and large
pearl buckles, a mushroom coloured stock, covered with
a fine point lace; his hair dressed remarkably high, and
stuck full of pearl pins."
ROBERT S. SALMON.
Newcastle- on-Tyne.
First Edinburgh Review. — The world hardly
knows that the earliest review of books published
in Britain was an Edinburgh review, an Historical
Account of Boohs and Transactions in the Learned
World, which commenced in 1688. The earliest
English review, Weekly Memorials, or an Account
of Books lately set forth, began a few months later,
in January, 1688-89. M.
Sayings about the Weather. — I have lately met
(in Worcestershire) with the following weather
sayings, which are apropos to the present season
and are (I believe) as yet unrecorded :
" A Saturday's change, and a Sunday's full,
Once in seven years, is once too soon."
llain is foretold by the appearance of snakes and
the shining of glow-worms.
CUTHBERT BEDE, B.A
Mr., M., Herr, Signor, Senor, Sec. — No one
thinks in Vienna or Berlin to introduce an English-
man as Mr. this and that, but of course, speaking
German, we titulate German, and call him Herr
Whether the above silly parlances have originatei
in the pride (!) or politeness (!) of the English, I
will not decide ; but they are of a comparative!)
ecent date. In the playbills and announcements
)f 1760 (or thereabouts) of the performance of
Le Divin du Village, at London, the author is
tyled Mr. J. J. Rousseau, and not M. J. J. R.
Still earlier, in 1637, in the books on Comnenus,
he author is called Mr. C. I trust this Note will
eave no further Quere on the relinquishment of
uch ludicrous absurdity. J. L.
Gower Street.
A long Sleep. —
"The 27th of Aprill [1546], being Tuesdaie in Easter
veeke, VV. Foxley, potmaker for the mint in the tower of
Condon, fell asleep, and so continued sleeping, and could
not be wakened with pricking, cramping, or otherwise
>urning whatsoever, till the first day of the next Terme,
which was full 14 dayes and 15 nights, for that Easter
;erme beginneth not afore 17 dayes after Easter. The
cause of his thus sleeping could not be knowne, though
the same were diligentlie searched for by the king's phi-
sitions and other learned men, yea the king himselfe ex-
amined ye said W. Foxley, who was in all points found
at his wakening to be as if he had slept but one night,
and lived 41 yeeres after, to witte, till the yeere of Christ
1587." — Stow's Chronicle.
ABHBA.
OXFORD EDITION OF PAPPUS.
Dr. Edward Bernard (1638—1697), who was
Savilian Professor of Astronomy (1673—1691),
conceived the plan of publishing, by the assistance
of the University, a collection of the ancient
geometers. He prepared the text of Euclid, and
especially of the Data. He proposed fourteen
volumes, as follows :
" I. Euclid and Proclus. II. Apollonius and Serenus.
III. Archimedes and Eutocius. IV. Pappus and Heron.
V. Athenzeus and Vitruvius. VI. Diophantus, Theon,
and Nicomachus. VII. Theodosius, Autolycus, Menelaus,
Aristarchus, Hypsicles. VIII. and IX. Ptolemy and
Theon, the Almagest ; Cleomedes, Psellus, Manilius.
X. Ptolemy, Theon, Heraclius, Canones ; Ptolemy and
Proclus on the Sphere. XI. Ptolemy irepi <f>aa-e<av, &c.,
and de Annahmmate ; Geminus and Aratus ; Ptolemy de
speculis; Heliodorus. XII. Ptolemy, Astrology; and
Firmicus. XIII. Ptolemy's Geography. XIV. Ptolemy^s
Harmonics, with Porphyry, Bryennius, Aristoxenus, Ni-
comachus, &c."
With these, a large number of minor writers, an-
cient and modern. Bernard's list, published in
Dr. Smith's edition (1704) of his works, as Ve-
terum Mathematicorum Synopsis, and reprinted, I
think I remember, by Fabricius, is in itself .a
learned catalogue of suggestive memoranda.
By mere coincidence the University of Oxford
published the three first volumes (but without
Bernard's proposed additions) in their order.
Gregory (1703) published the Euclid (without
Proclus), making use of Bernard's collations ; and
this is still the only Greek text of all that is at'
228
NOTES AND QUERIES. [2»* s. N* 88., SEPT. 20. '50.
tributed to Euclid. Halley (1710) published the
Apollonius and Serenus, and this is still the only
Greek text. In 1792 'appeared the Archimedes
and Eutocius, purchased from the executor of
Joseph Torelli. This is by far the best edition
extant. t •
I have, I dare say in a dozen places, reminded
the University that it is quite time the edition of
Pappus should be thought of. The three folios
above-mentioned have placed Oxford at the head
of all learned corporations, as publishers of the
Greek geometers. Thanks to Halma ^ and Pey-
rard, Paris runs nearer to Oxford than it ought to
do : and it is time to make the balance decidedly
in favour of the University by a good fourth vo-
lume. I never knew till now that some attempt
at the Pappus had been made. Horsley (Nichols's
Anecdotes, iv. 675.), speaking of the woodcuts for
his edition of Newton, writes thus (July 6, 1776) :
" I shall find out the person who cuts the figures for
the Oxford Pappus. As that is to be a splendid work, I
dare say the curators of the press have some able work-
men in this way."
I have never seen nor heard of this splendid work,
and am afraid it never was published. Why it
failed, is clear enough : it was taken out of order.
What is the history of the plan ? Who was the
editor ? Are any of his collections in existence ?
And when does the University intend to resume
the undertaking ? A. DE MORGAN.
CHARLES COTTON.
It is curious how little we know of this volu-
minous writer and translator. That he was of a
gentleman's family, well allied, heir to a landed
estate, Beresford Hall in Derbyshire, educated at
Cambridge, and travelled on the Continent, are
known : that he was a man of genius is beyond
question ; his translation of Montaigne has all the
ease and fluency of an original work ; and so far
as I know he was as free from vice and profligacy
as might be expected in the friend of Izaac
Walton. Clarendon, I think, mentions that his
father was engaged in some law proceedings,
which probably hurt his fortune ; but the estate,
whether encumbered or not, descended to the son,
who was twice well married, — the first time to the
daughter of Sir Thomas Hutchinson of Owthorpe,
sister to Colonel Hutchinson, a man of fortune
and influence in his time, though now remembered
only by the Memoir written by his admirable
wife ; secondly, to the Countess-Dowager of Ard-
glass, who, we are told, had a jointure of 1500/.
a-year. Cotton, it is true, lived in ticklish times,
but I am not aware that he suffered from either
party, and it is certain that he had powerful
friends in both. Yet Cotton would appear to
have worked almost as a literary drudge, to have
done the hurried bidding of the booksellers, after
the established hack fashion, or to have adven-
tured on like speculations of his own. I re-
member, indeed, one amusing proof of haste,
where he translates so literally that he calls
Buckingham " Bouquinquam, the English general."
Cotton appears to have been always involved, —
sometimes in gaol, — not unfrequently indebted for
his liberty to the wild inaccessible hills in the
neighbourhood of Beresford Hall. How was this ?
I throw out the question in the hope that we may
gain some information from the many well-
informed correspondents of " N. & Q." * C. H. C.
The Mincio. — The Lago di Garda, the Benacus
of classical writers, is described in Murray's
Handbook for Northern Italy, as " formed by the
river Mincio descending the Alps of the Italian
Tyrol," and this is in accordance with Pliny's ac-
count ; the Mincio, however, is no longer the
source, but only the outlet, of the Lake of Garda.
Its principal feeder is now called the Sarca, which
is crossed as you wind round the head of the lake
from Riva to Torbole. A small town of the same
name is found some ten miles to the north, about
equidistant between Riva and Trent, and is sup-
posed to be the ancient Sarraca, which is only
recorded by Ptolemy. Cramer does not mention
the Sarca, and I should feel obliged if one of your
many learned correspondents could inform me
when the Upper Mincio lost its name, and as-
sumed that by which it is now alone known.
JOHN J. A. BOASE.
Alverton Vean.
How do Oysters make their Shells ? — Shak-
speare makes the fool ask King Lear this query,
and the king does not answer it. Will some one
inform me whence is the lime derived of which
the oyster shell is composed ? Can it be obtained
from the sea water only ? A. HOLT WHITE.
Fact or Allegory ? — Dr. Castell, the learned
Orientalist, got into trouble with his diocesan
(Lincoln), and was extricated by the good offices
of the Bishop of London, whom he writes to
thank, inter alia, as follows, in 1 684 :
" By your Lordship's signal and singular favour, 1
waded out of that trouble, though with no small difficulty.
It cost me little less than 300 miles' riding, in which']
saw not the least foot of land all the while I was upon my
horse. . . ."
As the Doctor waded out of his trouble, it may be
[* Much of Cotton's literary history is told in Kippis's
Biographia Britannica, &c., but the curious points how
he came to be a bookseller's hack, in debt and in gaol,
raised by our correspondent, are well deserving of inves-
tigation.— Er>. "N, &Q."J
NO 38., SEPT. 20. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
229
that all this water was nothing but the water of
affliction ; but the sentence is so positive, and the
reference so limited — for the water of affliction
would have been seen round his table and bed as
well as round his horse — that a fair doubt exists.
The fenny counties were very wet in those days ;
could a man have done the three hundred miles
literally in water ? M.
Saracens. — What may be the derivation of
this name ? ABHBA.
Armorial. — To what name do the following
arms appertain ? Gu. on a chevron or, between
three roses ar. slipped, barbed, and seeded ppr.,
three torteauxes. The tincture of the torteauxes
is uncertain. CHEVERELLS.
Continuation of " Candide" — I wish to ascer-
tain when the continuation of Candide was pub-
lished ? It is not in my edition of Voltaire, and I
have seen it stated that it was completed after his
death from an unfinished MS., which from its
inferiority appears likely. I have heard also that
there is an English translation, with some valuable
matter in the preface, but I have never seen it.
Can you assist me on these points ? J.
Edward Birch, Serjeant-at-Law. — Wanted the
parentage of Serjeant Edward Birch, who was
living towards the close of the seventeenth, or the
commencement of the eighteenth, century.
J.B.
" A Peep at the Wiltshire Assizes" — A Peep at
the Wiltshire Assizes, a Serio-Ludicrous Poem, by
One who is but ah Attorney. Can any of your
readers inform me who is author of the above, a
12mo. publication of ninety-two pages, printed by
Brodie and Dowdney, Salisbury; no date, but
circa 1820? R. H. B.
Bath.
u Parliamentary Debate on a Resolution for the
Admission of Ladies to the Gallery of the House of
Commons, 1 840." — Who is the author of this jeu
d- esprit f It was written for school recitation at
Christmas. Also of the following work, Prome-
theus Britannicus, or John and the Rural Police ;
by a Rugbaean, 1840 ? R. J.
" Stanzas in Continuation of Don Juan." — Who
is the author of this poem, contained in a volume
entitled tlodolph, a Dramatic Fragment, Sec., by a
Minor, 1832? R. J.
Bennet, Sfc., Families. — Have any of your num-
berless readers any documents, heraldic paintings,
pedigrees, or notes, in their possession, relating to
any of the following families ? Bennet of Somer-
set and Wilts ; Bower of Yorkshire ; Hallam of
Essex ; Strode of Somerset ; or Chapman of
Somerset. If they have, and would kindly allow
me a copy of them, they would confer a very
great favour indeed upon me. J. G. H. S.
The Battle of Brunnanburh. — In Sharon Tur-
ner's History of the Anglo-Saxons, it is stated that
" Anlaf commenced the warfare by entering the
Humber with a fleet of 615 ships." (See pp. 177,
178., edit. 1823.) Probably some of the more
favoured readers of " N. & Q." will oblige me
with the authorities who have said that Anlaf
sailed up the Humber ? T. T. W.
Coventry God-cakes. — Can any of your readers
give me information respecting the ancient cus-
tom in the city of Coventry of sending God-cakes
on the first day of the year. They are used by
all classes, and vary in price from a half-penny to
one pound. They are invariably made in a tri-
angular shape, an inch thick, and filled with a
kind of mince-meat. I believe the custom is pe-
culiar to that city, and should be glad to know
more about its origin. So general is the use of
them on January 1, that the cheaper sorts are
hawked about the streets, as hot-cross-buns are
on Good Friday in London. J. W. S.
Hoxton.
Order of St. Michael in France. — Is there any
particular history of this order of knighthood ?
or any list of the early knights to be consulted?
The order was founded in 1469, and the knights
originally limited to thirty-six. It was conferred
on King Edward VI. in 1551 ; and on the Duke
of Norfolk and Earl of Leicester in 1566. Query,
Whether on any other Englishman ? J. G. N.
Troia. — Is there any published account of the
remains of a town called by the Portuguese Troia?
The ruins extend for upwards of a Portuguese
league on the strip of sand which forms the sea
boundary of the harbour of Setubal. R. M.
Villa Nova, Sept. 29, 1856.
_j. — How is the effect that the pre-
sence"of a cat in a room has upon certain people,
although they have no means of knowing of its
presence by any of the five senses, to be accounted
for f J- E.
Portrait of Merrich. — Is there any known and
authenticated portrait of James Merrick, the poet,
and where it can be found ? The latter part of
his life was spent at Reading. Dims.
The Indefinite Article " an." — Lately perusing
the Rev. R. Chenevix Trench's Lessons in Pro-
verbs, I was struck with the frequent use, or as it
seemed to me misuse, of the indefinite article an
before words beginning with an aspirate ; as, for
instance, an house^ an happier title, an higher
tneaningj &c. In the course of a hasty perusal I
230
NOTES AND QUERIES. [2»d s. N<> 38., SKPT. 20. >56.
noted down no fewer than ten instances. Surely
there is no sufficient warrant for this. If it be
pleaded that such is the older form of writing, and
of frequent occurrence in the Bible and other
books, the plea might be admitted if Mr. Trench's
practice were consistent with itself, but numerous
as are such examples, they are yet exceptional
with him, Mr. Trench following for the most part
the generally recognised rule. Can such an ar-
bitrary preference be defended ? J. B.
Prestwich.
$ttin0r <®ucmS font!)
St. Tudno. — Can any of your correspondents,
learned in Cambrian Archaeology, give me, or
direct me where I could find, any information
with respect to St. Tudno, to whom some churches
in Wales are dedicated ? A. G. H.
Clifton.
[We are indebted to a gentleman well versed in Cam-
brian antiquities for the following curious notices of St.
Tudno and his family : —
"An inundation — probably the third which had oc-
curred— of the Lowlands now submerged beneath the
waters of Cardigan Bay, is thus commemorated in the 37th
Triad (Triads of the "isle of Britain) : — ' Three capital
drunkards in the Isle of Britain : Geraint (Gerontius,
Angl. Grant), the drunkard King of Siluria, who in a fit
of intoxication committed to the flames the whole extent
of ripe grain in his territories, whence ensued a famine
of bread. Second, Vortigern Vorthenau, who, in his
drunken revelry, for permission to take his daughter
Ron wen (Rowena) for his mistress, made over to Horsa
the Saxon the Isle of Thanet: whence originated the
treason against the race of the Kymbri. The third,
Seithenin the Drunkard, the son of Seithyn Saidi, King
of Dimetia. who, in his intoxication, let in the ocean
through the flood-gates, over the Cantrev y Gwaelod
(the Lowland Hundred), and thus destroyed sixteen of
the noblest cities of Cambria, inferior to none in the king-
dom but Carleon-on-Uske. The Lowland Hundred was
the patrimony of Guyddno Garantur (Venutius Long-
shanks), and the inundation took place in the reign of
Ambrosias the British Emperor. (A.D. 470.)'
" In consequence of the loss of their hereditary estates,
and of the odium excited in the public mind by the act
of their father, the children of Seithenin embraced a
religious life : taking the monastic vow in the monastery
of Great Bangor on the Dee. These children were: —
1. Gwynodl, son of Seithenyn, the founder of Llan-Gwy-
nodl. Carnarvonshire. Festival, January 1. 2. Merin
or Merini, son of Seithenyn, founder of Llan-Verin, Mon-
mouthshire. Festival, January 6. His residence for
many years, as a popular instructor to as many as chose
to attend his school, was at Bod-verin, now the name of
a ch;ipel under Llaniesten, Carnarvonshire 3. Senevyr,
a saint: no memorial. 4. Tudglyd, a saint: no me-
morial. 5. Tyneio, founder of Llan-dyneio, a daughter-
church under Llanvarn, Carnarvonshire. 6. Tudno,
founder of Llan-dudno, Carnarvonshire. Commemora-
tion, June 5th, obiit circiter A.D. 540.
_" The close of St. Tudno's life was spent at the Her-
mitage, which, after his demise, was erected into a church
named after him, and a grant of land by way of endow-
ment made over to it by Malgon, King of Britain and
Prince of Wales, who at the same time elevated the
monastery of Bangor on the Menai into an episcopal see.
Edward 1st attached the manor of St. Tudno to the
Bishopric of Bangor. It was usual with the British mis-
sionaries and recluses to select for their retreat and
school some spot hallowed in the popular estimation by
its prior associations with Druidism ; many tenets of
which were incorporated by them, as the writings of
Taliesin abundantly evince, into their system of Chris-
tianity. St. Tudno selected the precipitous eminence now
known as the Great St. Orme's Head, on which the
sacred fire, after being borne across the Menai from
Anglesey, was first exhibited on the vernal festival of
1st May; and from which, by the enactments of the
Druidic religion, every family in the kingdom was
obliged to re-kindle its hearth-stone or domestic fire, ex-
tinguished under the operation of the same laws the
preceding night. The usage was in full force in Bre-
tagne in the llth century, and probably supplied William
the Conqueror with the^first notion of the 'Couvre-feu*
regulation. The Druidic monument by which St. Tudno
was accustomed to take his stand and address the con-
course that flocked to his preaching remains pretty much
in its original condition. Being ' a Logan,' an oscillating
or rocking stone, the peasantry have named it Cryd
Tudno, « Tudno's Cradle.' "]
Uthwait Family. — Can you inform me what
are the armorial bearings of the family of Uth-
wait, of Great Linford, co. Bucks ? They appear
to have come into possession of the estate about
the commencement of last century, in accordance
with the will of a relative, Sir William Pritchard,
an Alderman of London. Where was this family
settled previously ? Is Uthwait the same name as
Huthwaite, only differently spelt ? E. H. A.
fThe name is spelt Uthwatt by Lipscomb (Sucks,
. iv. p. 222.), who states that Sir William Pritchard
bequeathed the manor, after his lady's decease, to his two
nephews, Richard Uthwatt and Daniel King, Esqs. Ri-
chard Uthwatt having purchased Daniel King's interest,
died possessed thereof in 1719; and it descended to his
eldest son and heir, Thomas Uthwatt, Esq, who held the
same in 1742 ; and dying in 1754, left an only daughter,
Catharine, who was married to Matthew Knapp, Esq., of
Little Linford. Heniy Uthwatt, Esq., of Great Linford,
having married the daughter of Sir John Chester, Bart,
of Chicheley, and having no issue, bequeathed this
estate, after the decease of his wife, to his godson and re-
lation, Henry Uthwatt Andrewes, Esq., who thereupon
took the surname of Uthwatt only. Arms : Quarterly :
1. Az. a lion ramp. arg. 2. Arg. a bend S. cotized
charged with three mullets of the first; between two
cotizes. 3 as 2. 4. as 1. : impaling party per fess arg.
and S. a chev. S. and arg. between three rams' heads
erased, counter changed, armed Or.]
" Gradus ad Parnassum" — Can any of your
correspondents furnish me with the date and place
of printing of the first edition of the Gradus ad
Parnassum ; if he can add the compiler's name so
much the better. I have seen the book many
years since in London, but do not know into whose
hands it may now have fallen. It is a thick well
printed quarto volume. OVTIS.
[The author of Gradus ad Parnassum was Paul Aler, a
learned French Jesuit, born in 1656 at St. Guy in the Lux-
emburgh. He was professor of philosophy, theology, and
N" 38., SEPT. 20. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
231
the belles lettres at Cologne until the year 1691. He
afterwards delivered a course of lectures on theology^ at
the University of Treves, and was appointed in 1703
regent of the gymnastic school. He died in 1727 at
Dueren, in the Duchy of Juliers. According to Barbier
he published the Gradus ad Parnassum at Cologne about
1680.]
" Dr. Hooliwell." — Can you inform me who
wrote the novel Doctor Hookwell, three volumes,
London, 1842? R. J.
[The authorship of this work has been given to se-
veral clergvmen of literary repute, in addition to the
more distinguished names of Bishop Wilberforce, the
Eight Hon. W. E. Gladstone, Mr Monc.kton Milnes, and
Lord John Manners; but we are enabled positively to
state that it was written by the late Rev. Robert Armi-
tage, of Easthope, Salop. Mr. Armitage was the author
of two other works of fiction, namely, Ernest Singleton,
and The Penscettwood Papers, and of two books of a
graver character, The Religious Life of Dr. Johnson, and
The Primitive Church in its Episcopacy. Mr. Armitage
died on Feb. 2, 1852.]
Pedigrees. — I am desirous of tracing the de-
scent of a person now living from ancestors who
flourished in the time of Queen Mary. What
course shall I adopt ? O. MALLET.
[Our correspondent would do well to consult the very
useful Manual for the Genealogist, Topographer, and An-
tiquary, by Mr. Sims of the British Museum, recently
noticed by us. It will direct him how to search the
various Repositories of Genealogical information. He
would also find Mr. Sims's Index to the Heralds' Visita-
tions of great assistance.]
CHATTERTON'S PORTRAIT.
(2nd S. ii. 171.)
J. M. G. remarks that he happened to know
the history of the presumed portrait, and that
it was not painted for Chatterton, but some
youth in Bristol, name unknown, and that it was
picked up at an old clothgs' shop in the Pithay in
that city. The above statement is partially cor-
rect, but not wholly so, presuming the information
contained in the following letter to be correct,
which for my own part I can see no reason to
doubt.
" Sugar House, Back Street,
" Nov. 23, 1837.
" My dear Miller,
" For a wonder I did not come to town yesterday, or I
would have replied to your note by the bearer. You
therein ask me to state what I know concerning the por-
trait of Chatterton, lately published by Mr. Dix. I will
tell you. About twenty-five years ago I became im-
pressed with the notion that f had a taste for pictures,
and fancied, like all so impressed, that I had only to
rummage brokers' shops to possess myself of gems* and
hidden treasures without number; which illusion a little
practical knowledge soon * dismissed with costs.' It hap-
pened that a gentleman in whose house I then resided,
being at that time a bachelor, became also touched with
the same mania, and in one of his peregrinations picked
up the picture you mention of at a broker's in Castle
Ditch, at a house now the Castle and Ball Tavern. The
broker's name was Beer. At the back of the portrait was
written with a brush, ' F. Morris, aged 13.' As well as I
can recollect, the gentleman who purchased it, in a play-
ful mood, said, 'This portrait will do for Chatterton,' and
immediately placed the name of Chatterton over that of
F. Morris. " What became of it afterwards, or how it
came into the hands of the present possessor, I am quite
ignorant of. While in the hands of the gentleman above-
mentioned, I showed it to Mr. Stewart, the portrait
painter, who recognised it at once as the portrait of young
Morris, the son of Morris the portrait painter. This is
all I know, and you are at liberty to make what use you
please of it.
" I am, yours truly,
" GEO. BURGE.
" Mr. Miller sent the above to the Rev. John Eagles,
who gave the letter to me (Richard Smith, Surgeon)."
The above appeared in the Gentleman's Maga-
zine for December, 1838, together with a long
article from the pen of the late Richard Smith,
Esq., the eminent surgeon of this city ; a gentle-
man who preserved with much care everything
connected with Bristol. J. D. L.
Stapleton Road, Bristol.
It is with something like a painful feeling that
I learn from J. M. G. that the portrait given by
Dix in his Life of Chatterton as that of the " mar-
vellous boy" is spurious. If such be the fact with
regard to the portrait in the work alluded to, im-
plying, as it seems to do, a want of caution some-
where, if nothing worse, may I be permitted to
ask J. M. G. whether the biographical narrative
to which the portrait is prefixed is to be trusted
as generally correct ? I have no objection to
fiction in its place ; but in reading what is pub-
lished in the form of a serious memoir, one does
not like to be abused by the introduction of in-
cidents which had no existence, except in the
imagination of the author. D.
OLD HOUSE AT POPLAR.
(2nd S. ii. 129.)
The question of MR. SINISTER is an interesting
one to local antiquaries, and I venture to write a
line in reference to it, although I am not MR.
HART. The extensive and ancient shipyard to
which MR. SINISTER alludes was once far more
extensive. It has been divided into three por-
tions: one being included in the East India Docks,
a second forming the establishment of Messrs.
Green, and the third constituting that of Messrs.
Wigram. On the premises of the latter is a
building which is old, but not so old as your cor-
respondent states. A stone let into the wall,
232
NOTES AND QUERIES.
with the monogram of H. J. = Henry Johnson,
has inscribed upon it, /'Built Anno 1612, rebuilt
1678." The natural inference from this would
be, that the dockyard took its rise in 1612; but
MR. S. states that he knows the dock to have
been in existence before the house. I for 'one
should take it as a special favour if he would
communicate the facts. In preparing some time
since a History of Millwall, I endeavoured to
obtain information about these premises. A map
of 1588 is without the dock; but in 1593, War-
den, under the head of Blackwall, says : " neere
which is a harbour in the Thamis for shipping ;
the place taketh name of the blacknes or darke-
nes of the water bankes or wall at that place."
This reference is evidently to the river, and the
natural conclusion is, that the dock was originally
constructed for the use of the shipping there.
Mr. Pepys speaks of the place under date Sept. 22,
1665, at Blackwall: "Here is observable what
Johnson tells us, that in digging the late docli" SfC.
It would appear from this, that a dock was con-
structed at Blackwall about 1665. The pedigree
of .Johnson's family will be found in the Harleian
MS. 1468, in the Visitation of Middlesex, 1664,
by W. Ryley and Henry Dethicke ; the latter of
whom resided at Poplar, in a house which stood
on the ground now occupied by that in which
Mr. Westhorpe lives.
On the exterior of the building to which your
correspondent refers, there is a coat of arms
carved in wood. Mr. Wigram informed me that
these were the arms of the old East India Com-
?any. In the offices is preserved a painting by
[iliman, representing these docks as they ap-
peared in 1784. I believe there is a coloured
engraving of this picture, a copy of which may be
seen in the King's Library at the British Museum,
vol. xxi. It would not be very difficult to fur-
nish a few particulars of the history of these docks.
I shall be happy to assist MR. SINISTER if he will
communicate with me. B. H. COWPER.
East India Road.
GREAT EVENTS FROM SMALL CAUSES.
(2nd S. ii. 43.)
" The Mission of Augustine is one of the most striking
instances in all history of the vast results which may
flow from a very small beginning, — of the immense
effects produced by a single thought in the heart of a
single man, carried out conscientiously, deliberately, and
fearlessly. Nothing in itself could seem more trivial than
the meeting of Gregory with the three Yorkshire boys in
the market-place at Rome : yet this roused a feeling in
his mind which he never lost; and through all the ob-
stacles which were thrown first in his own way, and then
in that of Augustine, his highest desire concerning it was
more than realised Let any one sit on the hill
of the little church of St. Martin and look oil the view
which is there spread before his eyes. Immediately
below are the towers of the great Abbey of St. Augustine,
where Christian learning and civilisation first struck
root in the Anglo-Saxon race ; and within which now,
after a lapse of many centuries, a new institution has
arisen, intended to carry far and wide, to countries of
which Gregory and Augustine never heard, the blessings
which they gave to us. Carry your view on. — and there
rises high above all the magnificent pile of Canterbury
Cathedral, equal in splendour and state to any the noblest
temple or church that Augustine could have seen in an-
cient Rome, rising on the very ground which derives its
consecration from him. And still more than the grandeur
of outward buildings that rose from the little church of
Augustine and the little palace of Ethelbert have been
the institutions of all kinds of which these were the
earliest cradle. From Canterbury, the first English
Christian city — from Kent the first English Christian
kingdom — has by degrees arisen the whole constitution
of Church and State in^England, which now binds together
the whole British empire. And from the Christianity
here established has flowed, by direct consequence, first,
the Christianity of Germany, — then, after a long interval,
of North America, — and lastly we may trust, in time, of
all India and all Australasia/ The view from St. Mar-
tin's church is indeed one of the most inspiriting that can
be found in the world ; there is none to which I would
more willingly take any one who doubted whether a
small beginning could lead to a great and lasting good,—
none which carries us back more vividly into the past, or
more hopefully to the future." — Stanley's Historical
Memorials of Canterbury, p. 33.
A. A. D.
PREMATURE INTERMENTS.
(2nd S. li. 103.)
To the curious list of works on this subject
given by MR. BATES may be added a very sin-
gular sermon, preached in the Presbyterian
Chapel of Lancaster, July 17, 1803, by the Rev.
S. Girle, and subsequently printed, entitled The
Duty of the Relations of those ivho are in Dan-
gerous Illnesses, and the Hazard of hasty Inter-
ments. It is dedicated to Dr. Wm. Hawes, by
whose encouragement it appeared in print. The
preacher quotes the passage that follows from an
address issued by Dr. Hawes as a member of the
Royal Humane Society :
" The custom of laying out the bodies of persons supposed
to be dead, as soon as respiration ceases, and the interment
of them before the signs of putrefaction appear, has been
frequently opposed by men of learning and humanity in
this and other countries. Mons. Bruhier in particular,
a physician of great eminence in Paris, published a piece,
about 30 years ago, entitled The Uncertainty of the Signs
of Death; in which he clearly proved from the testi-
monies of various authors, and" the attestations of unex-
ceptionable witnesses, that many persons who have been
buried alive, and Avere providentially discovered in that
state, had been rescued from the grave, and enjoyed the
pleasures of society for several years after. But notwith-
standing the numerous and ivell authenticated facts of this
kind, the custom above mentioned remains in full force.
As soon as the semblance of death appears, the bed clothes
are removed, and the body is exposed to the air; which,
when cold, must extinguish the little spark of life that may
2°d S. NO 38., SEPT. 20. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
233
remain, and which, by a different treatment, might have
been kindled into flame."
There is an elegant allusion in the closing-
words of Dr- Hawes to the motto of the medal
given by the Humane Society : " Lateat scintil-
lula forsan." I cannot gather from the sermon
that Mr. Girle had been attracted to the subject
by any known instance of hasty interment having
occurred at Lancaster. The "proofs" that he
quotes are the case of Mrs. Godfrey, Mistress of
the Jewel Office, and sister of the great Duke of
Marlborough, who lay in a trance, apparently
dead, for seven days ; and was even declared by
her medical attendants to be dead. Colonel God-
frey, her husband, would not allow her to be in-
terred, or the body to be treated in the manner of
a corpse ; and on the eighth day she awoke, with-
out any consciousness of her long insensibility.
The authority assigned for this story is Mr.
Peckard, Master of Magdalen College, in a work
entitled Further Observations on the Doctrine of
an Intermediate State.
Stories are also told of a Mr. Holland, impro-
perly treated as dead, who revived, however,
only to die from the effects of exposure to cold in
the grave dress ; and of a Mrs. Chaloner, a lady
of Yorkshire, who was buried alive, and who was
found, on the re-opening of the vault in which
she was interred, to have burst open the lid of her
coffin, and to be sitting upright in it. Mr. Girle
makes use of the statement, that on his birth Dr.
Doddridge showed so little signs of life that he
was thrown aside as dead, but one of the atten-
dants perceiving some motion took the infant
under her charge, and, under her treatment, the
flame of life was gradually kindled. Mr. Girle,
in mentioning the Humane Society, states that it
was at the outset exposed to much ridicule : it
being supposed that it was impossible to recover
to life in the case of persons drowned.
, R. BROOK ASPLAND.
Dukinfield.
Dr. Graham, who is mentioned by your corre-
spondent C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY. acquired great
wealth and an unenviable notoriety by his pre-
tensions to a power of indefinitely extending the
length of human life. His boasted remedies were
the " Bath of Warm Earth," and an " Elixir of
Immortality," to which many wealthy persons be-
came dupes. The history of his career Would be
amusing, and might be instructive, but would
occupy too much of the valuable space of " N. &
Q." The following account of one of his pro-
ceedings appears in a periodical publication of
1791:
" Aug. 2. — Dr. Graham last week informed the inha-
bitants of Newcastle-upon-Tyne ' that he and a young
lady intended to be buried oil Saturday next for positively
the last time ! ' The Doctor and his fair partner accord-
ingly stripped into their first suits about twelve at noon,
and were each interred up to the chin, their heads beau-
tifully dressed and powdered, appearing not unlike tv.'o
fine full-grown cauliflowers. These human plants re-
mained in this whimsical situation six hours."
ARTERUS.
Dublin.
THE BEV. THOMAS CRANE, M.A.
(2nd S. ii. 124.)
The following account of the Rev. Thomas Crane,
taken from Palmer's Nonconformist Memorial, will
probably interest your correspondent G. N.
" Mr. Thomas Crane, M.A., of Exeter College, Oxford,
born at Plymouth, where his father was a merchant. Upon
his removal from the university he became assistant to
Mr. H. Allein, and at length was put into the living of
Hampesham, in Dorsetshire, by Oliver Cromwell, from
whence he was ejected at the Restoration. He afterwards
settled at Bemiiister, where he continued till his death,
which was a few days after that of Queen Anne, 1714,
aged eighty -four. He was indicted in King Charles I.'s
time, at the sessions at Bridport, where he was publicly
charged with coming to divine service, &c., the word not
being omitted ; which caused the indictment to be dis-
missed, so that he escaped. From the known character
of the officer concerned, it was plain that this was not the
fruit of any design to do him service; it could be im-
puted to nothing but the interposition of that Providence
in his favour, the honour of which he, had so earnestly
studied and endeavoured to promote. For he was so
great an observer of the steps of Divine Providence to-
wards himself and others, and so frequent in his remarks
thereon, that he was commonly called Providence. He at
length published a treatise upon it which is commended
by Mr. Flavel in the PS. to his book upon the same sub-
ject. Mr. Crane was an hard student and had a penetrat-
ing genius. His composures were remarkably judicious.
He was a good textuary, and an excellent casuist, but
much inclined to solitude : a mirror of patience, and one of
remarkable charity to his bitterest enemies, if he found
them in want. He continued the constant exercise of his
ministry till within a month of his death."
Works :
" A Prospect of Divine Providence. A Dedication of a
posthumous piece of Mr. Lyford's (his father-in-law),
upon Conscience."
A. S. SMITH.
If your correspondent is right in speaking of the
Rev. Thomas Crane as a Puritan, the small con-
tribution I now send cannot relate to the same
person. G. N. may have good grounds, in the
internal evidence of the volume he mentions, for
thus characterising the author ; but the dates
given in the MS. note quoted would render it
more probable that he was ejected as a Nonjuror,
at the age of fifty-nine, than as a Nonconformist,
at the age of thirty-two.
I have a small 4to. volume, of which the follow-
ing is the full title :
" Job's Assurance of the Resurrection. A Sermon at
Winwick, in the County Palatine of Lancaster, June 25,
234
NOTES AND QUERIES.
s. NO 38., SEPT. 20. '56.
1G89, at the Funeral of the Reverend Richard Sherlock,
D.D., late Rector there. By Tho. Crane, M. A. Li-
cens'd June 2, IfiOO, Z. leham. London: Printed for
Philip Barton, Bookseller in Warrington, 1690."
In the address to the reader the author speaks of
the sermon as having been imposed upon him. by
this pious and good man the reverend the de-
ceased, and it contains abundant evidence of a
full coincidence with his religious views.
A portion of the sermon is reprinted (from my
copy) in the edition of Sherlock's Practical
Christian, published at Oxford, in 1841, by his de-
scendant, the Rev. H. H. Sherlock, Incumbent of
Holy Trinity, at Ashton, in the parish of Winwick.
The' editor speaks of Crane (I know not on what
authority) as Dr. Sherlock's friend and curate.
J. F. M.
ARMS IN SEVERN STOKE CHURCH.
(2nd S. ii. 112. 159.)
MR. COOPER HILL asks for authorities showing
the Berkeley arms with any other crosses than
crosses patee ?
The following may assist in coming to a con-
clusion as to the arms in question : —
Before the reign of Edward I. the arms of this
family consisted of a chevron only : indeed, all the
very ancient arms consist of very simple devices.
In that reign, Thomas Lord Berkeley, who died
in 1321, added the ten crosses patee to his arms on
the occasion of Edward I.'s Crusade. (Smyth's
Lives of the Berk. Fam., edited by the Rev. T.
D. Fosbroke, p. 111.)
This portion of the arms appears to have been
varied by different members of the family.
Thus, Mr. Smyth states (Id., p. 112. 113.) that
Sir Thomas, second son of this lord, and founder
of the Wymondam branch of the family, bore at
Cncrlavcrock, Gules, a chevron between ten cinque-
foiles.
In the Roll of Anns temp. Hen. III. (edited
by Sir Harris Nicolas), p. 15., is " Moris de
Barkela?, goules ung cheveron d'argent." The
crosses had not then been added.
In the " Roll of Arms of the Tournament at
Stepney," 2 Edw. II. (edited by Mr. Charles
Edward Long, and published in the 4th volume
of the Collect. Topog. ct Geneal.), is —
No. 178. " Sr Thomas Berkeley. Gu. a chevron be-
tween 10 roses arg."
In the lloll of the Bannerets of the reign of
Edw. II., edited by Sir Harris Nicolas, is —
P. 5. " Sire Moris de Berkeleye de goules a les cru-
sulcs pates do argent e un cheveron argent."
P. 77. " Sire Thomas de Berkeleye de goules od les
rosettes de argent e un cheveron de argent,"
" Sire Johan de Berkeleye de goules a iij crois patees de
or e un cheveron de argent."
In the Roll of Arms temp. Rich. II. (an illu-
minated Roll, with all the arms coloured, edited
by Mr. Willement), is —
No. 57. " Le Sr de Berkele. Gules, a chevron between
six cross croslets in chief and four in hase argent."
No. 380. " Monsr. Moris de Berkele. Gules, a chevron
ermine between six crosses patonce in chief and four in
base argent."
No. 382. " Monsr. James Berkele. Gules on a chevron
between six crosses patoiice in chief and four in base
argent, a crescent azure."
No. 516. " Monsr. John de Berkele. Gules, a chevron
between six cinqiiefoiles in chief and four in base argent
pierced."
And in Gwillim's Heraldry (edit, of 1724),
p. 138., a coat is given. A coat, " a chevron be-
tween ten cinquefoils, four, two, one, two, and one
argent. This coat armour pertaineth to the wor-
shipful family of Barkley of Wymundham, which
descended out of the right Noble Progeny of the
Lord Barkley."
The arms of the Berkeley family, with the
crosses patee, and with the chevron only, as they
exist in Bristol Cathedral and on their seals, will
be found in Mr. Lysons's Gloucestershire Anti-
quities.
Mr. Smyth, the historian of the Berkeley family,
was M.P. for Midhurst temp. James I. F. A. C.
There can be no doubt but that these are the
arms of the Beauchamps, who were a very in-
j fluential family in the county of Worcester as
| well as that of Warwick, of which they were
! earls. One branch of the family is now repre-
j sented by Lord Beauchamp, who bears a shield of
I the Beauchamp arms suspended to the collars of
his supporters, to perpetuate his descent from
them. The reason the arms are in the cathe-
dral at Gloucester (as mentioned by MR. COOPER
HILL) is, because the Earls of Shrewsbury, one
of whom married a daughter and co-heir of
Richard Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick, were bene-
factors to Gloucester Cathedral, and the Beau-
champ arms will be found there impaled with
those of Talbot. Of the Worcestershire Beau-
champs was Sir John de B. of Holt, who was
created Baron of Kidderminster in 1387 by patent,
being the first on record so created. Another
branch was of Powyke, in the county of Glouces-
ter. A number of churches in Worcestershire are
decorated with these arms, and many of the family
lie buried in Worcester Cathedral. The branch
of the family represented by Lord Beauchamp
varied their coat by changing the crosslets to
martlets. Concerning the variations of the Beau-
champ coat, vide Lower's Curiosities of Heraldry,
p. 44. Vide also for pedigrees, &c. of the Beau-
champs Nash's History of Worcestershire.
C. J. DOUGLAS,
2"d S. N° 38., SEPT. 20. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
235
to
Braum, or J5raM« (1st S. xi. 366. ; 2nd S. ii.
196.) — That this man was a famous cook, and
kept a house of entertainment, there can be no
doubt : and from contemporary references, the
house appears to have been one of a somewhat
equivocal character. In the Court Poems (Part
II.), Cloe says —
" Did I for this my garter'd B disdain,
Tli' alluring dessert, and the bright champaign?
Where he, still aiming at his former station,
Gave to Favillia a grand collation.
Braun's was the house — where many a favorite toast,
Has found a lover, and her honour lost.
Beware, ye Belles, of Braun's luxurious skill !
Nature's nice store, and Braun's luxurious art,
Conspir'd in vain to captivate my heart."
Henry Carey too, if he wrote the Dissertation on
Dumpling, assumes Braun, or Braund, as he calls
him, to have been the direct descendant in the
male line of his imaginary Brawnd, knighted by
King John for his unrivalled skill in making
dumplings, arid who subsequently resided, as he
tells us, at " the ancient manor of Brands alias
Braund's, near Kilburn, in Middlesex." Curious
the accident that found Beau Brummel's "Aunt
Brawn" a resident at Kilburn a century after the
Dissertation on Dumpling was written. Carey
dedicates to Braund.
" Let mercenary authors," he says, " flatter the great,
&c., but —
' Tu mihi Mecsenas Eris ! '
" 0 Braund, my patron ! my pleasure ! my pride ! . . .
suspend a while your momentous cares, and condescend
to taste tins fricassee of mine. I write not this to bite you
by the ear (i. e.) flatter you out of a brace or two of
guineas; No, as I am a true dumpling -eater, my views
are purely epicurean, and my hopes center'd in par-
taking of some elegant quelque-chose tost up by your
judicious hand. I regard money but as a ticket which
admits me to your delicate entertainment. . . The plague
and fatigue of dependance and attendance, which calls
me so often to the Court-end of the town, were insup-
portable but for the relief I find at Austin's, your in-
genious and grateful disciple, who has adorned New Bond
Street with your graceful effigies."
Here then we have not only Braun himself,
but his very "effigy," in proof of his celebrity.
No wonder that a descendant was celebrated for
savoury pies.
Austin must have been an early inhabitant of
New Bond Street, the building of which was
begun only in 1720-1, and the Dissertation was
published in 1726. B. 0.
Figure of the Horse in Hieroglyphics (2nd S. ii.
87.) — MR. HACKWOOD may like to see the ex-
planation which Swedenborg has given of the
symbolism of the horse, whether occurring in the
hieroglyphics, in the mythologies, or in the Scrip-
tures.
It may be noted that Swedenborg, in assigning
his symbolisms, does not treat them as being any-
thing arbitrary, but natural and necessary, as is
the case with those universally admitted symbols
of the will and the intellect, the head and the heart,
or heat and light :
" In the prophetical parts of the WORD, much mention
is made of horse and horseman ; but heretofore no ono
has known that horse signifies the principle of intelli-
gence, and horseman an intelligent person
"The signification, as denoting the intellectual prin-
ciple, was derived from the ancient church to the wise
round about, even into Greece. Hence it was, that in
describing the sun, by which is signified love (see n. 2441.
2495.), they placed therein the god of their wisdom and
intelligence, and attributed to him a chariot and four
fiery horses ; and in describing the god of the sea, inas-
much as by seas were signified sciences in general (see
n. 28. 2120.) they also allotted horses to him. Hence too,
when they described the birth of the sciences from the
intellectual principle, they feigned a flying horse, which
with his hoof burst open a fountain, where were virgins,
who were the Sciences : nor was anything else signified
by the Trojan horse but an artful contrivance of the un-
derstanding to destroy walls. At this day, indeed, when
the intellectual principle is described, agreeable to the
custom received from the ancients, it is usually described
by a flying horse, or Pegasus, and erudition by a foun-
tain ; but it is known scarce to any one, that horse, in a
mystical sense, signifies the understanding ; and that a
fountain signifies truth. Still less is it known that
these significations were derived from the ancient church
to the Gentiles." — Arcana Ccelestia, vol. iii., numbers
2761, 2762.
A. R.
Can Fish be tamed? (2nd S. ii. 173.) — The
following extract is from Jesse's Country Life : —
" I was ordered to take the cutter I commanded to
Port Nessock, near Port Patrick. On landing, I was in-
formed of Colonel McDowell's sea fish-pond, and went to
look at it. On arriving, I fed the large Cod out of my
hand, from some mussels which I had in a basin
This fish allowed me to pat it on the back, and rested its
head on the stone upon which I was standing, just like a
dog. The other fish came to me, and fed on the mussels
I threw to them; but would not let me handle them,
though I patted some of them." — P. 62.
I have myself often heard gentlemen in Scot-
land speak of Colonel McDowell's fish-pond, and
do not believe the above account to be at all ex-
aggerated. I ought to state that Mr. Jesse quotes
the above from a correspondent. I do not know
if this pond still exists. SIGMA THETA.
I lately saw gold and silver fish at Bordeaux,
witych regularly come to be fed. I have also ob-
served a similar occurrence at Brussels. I re-
member to have read in an old book on angling,
that fish in ponds could be taught to come at
stated times to be fed. This is as much as we
can expect fish to do. B. H, C.
Masvicius" Virgil (2nd S. ii. 174.) — Having had
occasion, at an early age, to read through, the
whole of the text, the minor pieces excepted, of
that edition of Virgil respecting which OXONI-
236
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd S. NO 38., SEPT. 20. '56,
ENSIS inquires, which was printed in two volumes
quarto at Leuwarden, yi the Netherlands, in 1717,
and goes by the name of Masvicius's, I can assure
him that it is both correct and esteemed. It has,
amongst others, the valuable notes of Servius
(respecting which one of your correspondents,
some time since, made many inquiries), with an
Index to them, and the Index of Erythraeus to
Virgil.
The work was handsomely reprinted at Venice in
two quarto volumes in 1736, but Brunet says this
edition is not so good as the first. To the eye it
is by no means inferior. OXONIENSIS ALTER.
Singular Plant (2nd S. ii. 173.) — The curious
plant alluded to by P. C. H. was probably the so-
called " Rose of Jericho " (Anastatica hierochun-
ticd), of which a description will be found in any
modern encyclopedia.* It is the subject of an in-
teresting passage in Browne's Vulgar Errors, who,
however, can hardly have seen the plant, since
after describing it he says, " suitable to this rela-
tion in almost all points is that thorn at Glaston-
bury," &c. The latter, " St. Joseph's Tree," as it
was called, was, I believe, a hawthorn. In my
copy of Browne's work there is the following
marginal note in an old hand :
" The thorn bj7 Glastonbury was no way like this, for it
\vas a great and old tree, and blossomed on Christmas
Eve ; but by too much conceit of the thornes growing out
of it, superstitious folks taking them for toothpickers, it
much decayed, and within these few years an humourous
fellow cut it down and carried it into the windmill : but
that it did blossom at that time I know."
D.
The plant that F. C. II. had under his examin-
ation was, I have no doubt, from his description,
Selaginella lepidophylla of Spring and Lycopodium
lepidophyllum of Hooker. It is a native of Mexico,
and forms a source of traffic on account of its
singular hygrometric property. The first specimen
that Mr. Hugh Cuming, the conchological and
botanical collector, obtained he gave its weight in
gold for. There is an admirable figure of the
plant in Hooker's Icones Plantarum, it. 162, 163.
There is another plant that has similar hygro-
metric properties, — the better known Anastatica
hierochuntica of Linnaeus, or Rose of Jericho, a
native of Egypt, of which there is a very good
figure, both in a state of flower as well as fruit, in
Lindley's Vegetable Kingdom, I have no douBt,
however, that the plant F. C. H. describes is the
Mexican Selagiuella lepidophylla. R. H.
Kensington.
Person referred to by Pascal (2nd S. ii. 58.) —
Your correspondent G. N. gives me credit for an
amount of ingenuity to which I can lay no claim.
I must say that he who can translate the French
[* See also «N, & Q.'M»t S. xi. 72. 449., &c.]
of our author into " the person who possessed"
&c., displays more ingenuity than I. My convic-
tion that a possible case, and not a real circum-
stance, is alluded to is founded on no historical or
biographical knowledge, but merely on the ad-
mitted meaning of a certain form of a verb. And
" Qui aurait eu" is not French for " he who had or
possessed." The force of the verb is what gram-
marians call conditional, and the expression,
rendered into the idiom of English, should be
translated " If a man had possessed," &c. It is
perhaps worth adding that while all the annota-
tions on the passage which I have seen name the
three sovereigns, not one takes the least notice of
the person, who, if real, would have been so re-
markable. C. H. S.
S. ii. 110.) —
"Kalenda .... initium cujusvis rei: locus ubi terri-
torium aliquod incipit."
" Veniunt iterum ad primas metas in loco superius no-
minato, Kalenda viz. norninatae." — Du Cange, in verbo.
The " Kalends " being the first day or entrance
of the month, the term was thence applied to the
commencement or entrance of any locality. A.
The word Calends is not peculiar to the pathway
at Bromyard in Herefordshire ; a similar path to
that described by MR. PATTISON leads to the
church at Bredon in this county, and is called by
the same name. Might it not be derived from
Calendoe, rural chapters or conventions of the
clergy, so called because formerly held on the
calends of every month, as being the road to the
church or place where these meetings were held?
or can it derive its name from calcea, a paved or
trodden path ? J. M. G.
Worcester.
With reference to MR. PATTISON'S Query re-
specting " Calends or Kalends," though not able
to give a full reply to the inquiry, I can in-
form him that such use of the word is not
peculiar to Bromyard. There is a similar ap-
plication of it at Ludlow. The footpath, paved
with flag-stones, leading from the street to the
principal entrance to the church, is so called ; or,
as I remember when a boy, corrupted into Rai-
lings.
The word Kalends occurs twice in Chaucer, as
signifying the " beginning of anything :" and the
word " Kalender, in the sense of "a guide or di-
rector." At least the Glossary so interprets the
words. It is possible that this application of the
word denotes the beginning of a path consecrated,
i. e. set apart from the common street, directly
to the house of God ? It is at Ludlow, as most
likely at Bromyard, a /oof-path only. S. S. S.
Nearsightedness (2nd S. ii. 149.)— If BELLI-
SARIUS will go into a national girls' school, when
NO 38., SEPT. 20. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
237
they are marking, or doing fine work, he will find
as many nearsighted as amongst an equal number
of ladies ; and also he will find many nearsighted
in manufactories, such as lace-making, where good
sight is required ; but in agricultural work, or
cottage employments, a moderate degree of sight
is all that is required. In my own village school
(containing from forty to fifty children), there is
about one nearsighted out of every thirty ; and of
imperfect vision, such as not distinguishing be-
tween red and green, &c., about one in seventy
or eighty : these are chiefly boys, and the defect
is discovered in using coloured maps.
In fourteen years, I have had two eases of
children who could only read with the book up-
side down. One learnt with much difficulty to
hold her book upright : the other read well, but
always with the letters upside down, and she in-
variably spelt backwards. X.
Devon.
"Rand" (2nd S. ii. 138.) — After I had de-
spatched my Note (2nd S. ii. p. 97.), I recollected
that I had erroneously stated Fishlake to be
situated on the south bank of the river Don. in-
stead of the north. I wrote up instanter to the
office of " N. & Q.," to rectify this ; but the cor-
rection does not appear to have been made as I
requested. Eegarding the word Rand as a sur-
name, the suggestion intended to be offered by
me was, not that the land designated as " The
Rands" derived its name from the Rev. Richard
Rands, the benefactor of Fishlake, but that the
latter probably in some way owed his name to
the land. For instance, a resident on such a
spot, in early times, would be known as " John
at the Rands," or " John, son of William of the
Rands," &c. C. J.
This is a term used by bootmakers, and applies
to the upper edge or border of a boot heel.
There is a village named Raunds in Northamp-
tonshire, upon the banks of the Nen. It is pro-
bably of Danish origin, like several others near it.
Rand, in Danish, is the same as in German, and
is used of the borders of a river, &c,
There are families named Rands in Northamp-
tonshire.
These facts may help to assist in the solution of
the difficulty. B. H. C.
^ "Swang," " Wang" « Wong" (2nd S. i. 47. ;
ii. 79.) — Between Attleborough and Rockland,
Norfolk, according to the Ordnance Map, is a
" Swangey Lane " and " Swangey Fen ; " and
near Hethersett a Wong farm. In Suffolk is a
village called Wangford, and in Yorkshire one
called Wetwang. Sufficient instances of the oc-
currence of this word have, however, been men-
tioned, nor should I have referred again to the
subject, had I not found in HalliweU's Dictionary
(voce " Stunt ") the following Lincolnshire pro-
verb : " He's as stunt as a burnt wong, there's no
turning him." He defines stunt " fierce and angry,
also sulky and obstinate," but professes himself
unable to explain the proverb. Perhaps some
Lincolnshire correspondent can illustrate it.
E. G. R.
"Sewers," " Blawn-sheres " (2nd S. ii. 65.) —
These, without doubt, are the sewells described by
Halliwell as feathers tied to a string to prevent
deer from breaking ground by frightening them.
This was the formido of the Romans, and the fear
of Isaiah, xxiv. 17, 18., and Jeremiah, xlviii. 44,
45. E. G. R.
*
Your correspondent, MR. WALCOT, says, " The
word is sewells^ not sewers ; " but he does not
name his authority. Skinner has the word shewres,
which he explains brunts or rubs ; but it seems
more probably a different form of scare (the in-
terchange of the hard sc and sch is not unusual).
Nares quotes from Sir P. Sidney an example
of shewell, used in the same manner — sewer,
scJiewre, or scare, and derives it from the verb, to
shew, from which Halliday dissents.
The readers of our old books on hunting might
throw some light on the true origin and meaning
of these words. Q.
Bloomsburj.
" A dog with a lad name " (1st S. x. 88.) — No-
body having produced any proof, or citation of
proof, that the 1709 edition of Leland's Com-
mentarii, &c. deserves the bad character it bears,
I may presume that it is a faithful representation
of Leland. I should not, however, have troubled
you with this remark, if I had not accidentally
found what may be an answer to my own query.
Tanner (Nichols's Anecd., vol. v. p. 356.) writes to
Dr. Samuel Knight, January 26, 1719-20, as fol-
lows :
" If it please God to spare my life, I shall not forget to
put together what I have collected for the improvement
of Leland, De Viris Ulustribus ; but they having ten years
since printed the text at Oxford (scarce with fair usage
of me, whom they knew to be engaged about it before)
I did cool a little ; but when I get through this edition qf
Notitia, Monastica, \ shall resume the other."
We know that nothing hurts an edition more
than the knowledge that a better editor has been
arrested by its publication. And if that better
editor, being such a one as Tanner, should spread
a complaint and an impresssion that the work is
much less than it might have been, this would
easily become an opinion that it contains positive
faults. If it should happen that this edition, by
cooling Tanner for the moment, ended by bracing •
him, so that we have the Bibliotheca instead of a
somewhat augmented Leland, it may then be said
to have great consequential merit. M.
238
NOTES AND QUERIES.
38., SEPT. 20. »5C.
The Great Heat (2nd S. ii. 131.)— Your cor-
respondent KARL has Jjeen misinformed as to the
year of the great heat, which occurred in 1826,
thirty, not twenty, years ago. Though I cannot
furnish him with details as to the number of
weeks during which no rain fell, I can fully fcon-
firm what he has heard stated regarding the con-
dition of the crops in that memorable year. The
heat of this year, though of extraordinary inten-
sity while it lasted, was trifling in duration, com-
pared to that of 1826. In the west of Scotland,
where I then resided, the pastures and cereal
crops were literally burnt up. So short were the
corn-stalks, and so thinly scattered, that the
sickle was in most places useless. Some had
recourse to the expedient mentioned by your
correspondent, of plucking the stalks, others used
the scythe. The bulk of the crops was in many
cases almost incredibly small. I remember one
wheat field of two or three acres which yielded
one miserable scurvy-looking stack. In 1836 the
contrast was as complete as can well be imagined.
It is as memorable as the former year, but for the
very opposite reason. Returning northwards from
Derbyshire in a pretty smart fall of snow on
October 20, I was struck with the amount of corn,
nearly or quite green, which was still standing
between Buxton and Liverpool. Much of it stood
till it rotted, or was cut down near Christmas, to
be used as bedding for cattle, or converted into
manure. I have for many years been in the habit
of referring to 1826 and 1836, as exemplifying
the extremes of our changeable climate.
A. P. S.
Imp, used for progeny (1st S. viii. 443. 623. ; ix.
113.527.) — To the instances already given by
your correspondents may be added the following
from Bishop Parkhurst's Letter to the Norwich
Aldermen, justifying his rejection of the Puritan,
Robert Harrison, as being an unfit person for the
mastership of the free-school at Aylsham :
" Being for mine own part, in respect of my place, as
also for duty and discharge of my conscience, bound to
have a special care of the youth of the diocese, as the
imps that by God's grace may succeed us, by good bring-
ing up, and become worthy in the common-wealth, I
cannot be easily persuaded to admit Mr. Harrison to any
such charge over them." — Strype's Annals of Reforma-
tion, an. 1573, ch. 29, vol. iii. p. 434. ed. Oxon., 1824.
J. SANSOM.
Dick's Hatband (2nd S. ii. 189.) — The various
qualities of this hatband are alluded to in different
adages in several parts of the country. Thus in
Pembrokeshire (see p. 189.) it is noted for its
being tight. In Cheshire (see Wilbraham's Che-
shire, Glossary, p. 32.) we have " As fine as Dick's
•hatband ; " and it is added " this must be very
local." In Lincolnshire, anything ridiculously
comical is said to be " As queer as Dick's hat-
band," and this explanation is added, " which
went nine times round and would not tie." Mr.
Halliwell says, Dictionary of Archaisms, &c.,
" Dick's hatband is said to have been made of
sand," and that "it has afforded many a com-
parison." I know nothing about the person to
whom this famous hatband belonged. I have
made a collection of more than twelve hundred
provincialisms, local adages, proverbs, comparisons,
&c., used in the Fen district of Lincolnshire, which
will be enumerated in my History of Boston, now
on the point of publication ; and shall be glad of
the assistance of your readers in their elucidation.
PISHEY THOMPSON.
Stoke Newington.
Forensic Wit (2nd S. ii. 168.) — Jekyll's couplet
on the "tough old jade" is, I think it will be
found, not correctly quoted. It has often been
printed, and was recently again brought into
notice in consequence of appearing in Moore's
Memoirs and Diary, edited by Lord John Russell.
I have always before seen the lines thus given,
and without any Italics — (Garrow being the
counsel and not Serjeant Pell) : —
" G ARROW forbear ! That tough old jade,
Can never prove a tender made."
A HERMIT AT HAMPSTEAD.
Door-head Inscriptions (2nd S. i. 519.) — Many
characteristic and interesting citations under the
above title having appeared at different times in
your columns, your insertion of the following jeux
d 'esprit, on seeing the words " Domus ultima"
affixed to the vault belonging to the Dukes of
Richmond in Chichester Cathedral, may gratify
some of your readers :
" Did he, who thus inscribed the wall,
Not read, or not believe St. Paul,
Who says there is, where'er it stands,
Another house not made with hands?
Or may we gather from these words,
That house is not a house of lords ? "
ST. L. T.
Inscription over the door of Dinton Church,
Sucks : —
% " Premia pro mentis siquis despet habenda
Audiat hie precepta sibique sit retinenda." >3«
F. C. H.
House Inscriptions (2nd S. ii. 26.) —
"In the Eddystone Lighthouse, on the course of
granite under the ceiling in the upper store-room, is the
following verse from the 127th Psalm, wrought in by a
pick:
" ' Except the Lord build the House,
They labour in vain that build it.' " *
— Brayley's Graphic Illustrator, Lond. 1834, p. 394.
C. W. L.
Foreign English (1st S. viii. 137.) — Passing-
through Rouen some years since, I saw the follow-
* These two lines are iu small capitals.
2"'i S. N« 38., SEPT. 20. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
239
ini* words painted on the gable-end of a corner
house on the qua! :
" Iqi se vend Stoughthonlondon
par Tripotet Constant."
At Versailles the following specimen was lately
to be found :
" Au Rendez vous du Musee
Place d'Armes, 9.
Lapreste', Restaurateur,
A 1'honneur de prevenir MM. les voyageurs qu'on est
servi, chez lui, a la carte ou par tete, au choix.
A Versailles."
" To Rendez -vous of Museum.
Arms-place, 9.
Lapreste Restorer,
Has the honour of preventing the travellers that they will
be helpt at his house, or a head, or at choice.
At Versailles."
JUVERNA.
" Take a Jiair of the dog that bit you" (1st S. vi.
316. 565.) — This advice, which is now only given
in a figurative sense, by " Take a cool draught of
ale in the morning after an excess over night,"
was given and taken seriously and practically by
our forefathers. In an old recipe book dated
] 670, I find it written, " Take a hair from the dog
that bit you, dry it, put it into the wound, and it
will heal it, be it never so sore." R. W. B.
" Par ternis suppar" (2nd S. ii. 189.) — There
are two senses, I conceive, in which these words
may be taken : first, that a pair (alike and acting
together) are nearly equal to three (who are not
paired nor acting together) ; and, second, that a
peer of the realm is nearly equal to three other
persons, being by birth (1) a member of parlia-
ment, (2) an adviser of the Crown, and (3) having
as a peer the benefit of clergy, although unable to
read. (Blackstone, m. ch. 12. p. 401., iv. ch. 28.
p. 367.) T. J. BUCKTON.
Lichfield.
What is Lord Northwiek's coat of arms ? His
motto admits of being rendered thus, " A pair
equal almost to three pairs ; " or more freely, " A
pair who may be said to be equal to any three
such." In this motto par is a noun ; and since it
has not tribus, but the distributive temis, it is
plain that the sense intended was to assert this
noble pair to be equal to any three pairs who
might be brought to confront them, at one and
the same time. A. N. D.
Scotland.
" The Bard O'Kelly" (2nd S. ii. 107.) —
" In a recent number of The Star you copied from ' N.
& Q.' an account of the presentation of the soi-disant Irish
bard O'Kelly to George IV., when that royal personage
visited Ireland. The account in ' N. & Q.' is imperfect,
and I shall supply the omission. His Majesty was greatly
amused at the cool impudence with which O'Kelty as-
sumed the position of national poet of Ireland, and placed
himself on an equality with Byron and Scott, ignoring
altogether the claims of Tom Moore. After gravely
listening to O'Kelly's description of himself, his Majesty
asked for a specimen of his poetical powers, and the royal
request produced the following modest effusion from the
' Irish bard : '
« Three poets in three countries born —
One for the rose, another for the thorn,
One for the shamrock, that never will decay,
While rose and thistle yearly pass away.
'Twould take a Byron and a Scott, I tell ye,
Packed up in one, to make the bard O'Kelly.' "
From the Morning Star, Sept. 3, 1856.
ANON.
Were Charles I. and Oliver Cromwell distant
Cousins? (2nd S. ii. 111.) — Noble, in his Me-
moirs of the Protectoral House of Cromwell, vol. ii.
p. 204 , gives the following pedigree to prove the
relationship of Oliver Cromwell with Charles I.
through his mother, Elizabeth, daughter of Wil-
liam Steward, Esq., and widow of William Lynne,
Gent.
Alexander. Lord High Steward of Scotland.
James, Lord High Steward of Scotland. Andrew Steward, Esq.
Walter, Lord=Marg., sister and heiress
High Steward I of David II. K. of Scot-
of Scotland. land.
Robert Stuart, K. of Scotland.
K. Robert III.
K.James I.
K.James II.
I
Alexander Steward, Esq.
Sir John Steward, Knt.
Sir John Steward, Knt.
Thomas Steward, Esq.
Richard Steward, Esq.
Nich. Steward, Esq.
Nich. Steward, Esq.
•William Steward, Esq.
Elizabeth Steward=Robert Cromwell,
| Esq.
Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector.
Richard Cromwell, Lord Protector.
K. James III.
K.James IV.
K. James V.
Q. Mary.
K, James VI. of Scotland
and I. of England.
K. Charles I.
I
K. Charles II.
"By this table of descents it appears that K. Charles I.
and Elizabeth, wife of Mr. Robert Cromwell, the mother
of the Protector Oliver, were eighth cousins ; K. James I.
and that Protector were ninth cousins; and K. Charles I.
and Oliver were ninth cousins one remove ; and conse-
quently K. Charles I. and the Protector Richard were
tenth cousins. It may be observed that the royal line, as
constantly marrying at an early age, had got one descent
of the younger branch."
Noble gives all the authorities from which he
derives the descent, and an account of the different
individuals. EDWARD Foss.
Germination of Seeds (2nd S. ii. 117. 198.) —
Lime will produce white clover in some soils, and
so will sand in others. This may be seen on the
sides of roads ; where the soil has been removed
and the road sand is washed down, there will fre-
quently spring up a thick mat of white clover.
Some seeds will not vegetate at all without being
240
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2»« g. No 38., gEpT. 20. '56.
in contact with sand. Furze is one : sow it on a
newly made bank of qlay and it will rarely grow ;
put a little gritty sand on the seed, and it will
certainly vegetate. There is no end to the vi-
tality of some of the round oily seeds when covered
in the earth. In most or all of the Essex Mafshes,
wherever a new ditch is dug, brown mustard will
spring up, al though it has not been seen before in
the memory of man. Where it has once been cul-
tivated, a crop is frequently obtained by plough-
ing deeper than usual, and a full plant will arise
in the spring.
Certain states of the atmosphere produce certain
weeds in abundance, and some will grow only in
spring, others in autumn. In what way sand in
contact with seed causes it to vegetate is, I be-
lieve, a mystery. Gardeners know well that with-
out silver sand many of the nicer operations of
their craft will not succeed. A. HOLT WHITE.
Southend.
The Deluge (2nd S. ii. 191.) —The argument
that the Deluge (Gen. vii. 20—24.) did not extend
over the whole world, but only over the theh in-
habited portion, may be thus stated: —
1. The declared intention of Jehovah was to
destroy man, who had sinned, and not every
species of animated beings. Before the deluge,
man occupied only the country of the Tigris and
Euphrates. There existed, therefore, no necessity
for a deluge in any other part of the world.
2. The word ^o does not prove that the deluge
extended over the whole surface of this planet.
Compare Gen. ii. 19, 20., xli. 57. ; Deut. ii. 25. ;
Ezech. xxxi. 6.
3. For the entire inundation of this globe the
waters of the sea, together with those of the
clouds, were insufficient.
4. The remains of fishes and other animals, and
of aquatic plants, found at the top of high moun-
tains do not prove the Mosaic deluge to be uni-
versal ; but only that such parts of the earth were
anciently covered with water for a long period of
time, much beyond the duration of this deluge.
There may exist nevertheless remains of the Noa-
chic deluge.
This hypothesis harmonises with the existing
facts ascertained in natural history, as to the dis-
tribution of plants and animals, and with the
measurements detailed by Moses.
Further investigation will lead the inquirer to
such works as Jerusalem s Betraclitungen uber die
vornehmttten Wuhrheiten der Religion, P. ii, Com-
ment, iii. s. 1.; Hensler's Animddv., p. 331. &c. ;
and Eichhorn's Allg. Bill, der BibL Litteratur,
P. i. Fas. i. pp. 38, 39.
The above is abridged and modified from
Rosenmuller in loco. T. J. BUCKTON.
Lichfield.
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ta
We are, compelled by want of space to postpone until next week a very
valu'ible MACAULAY ILLUSTRATION, being «n unpublished Letter by Bishop
Burnet ; MR. SALMON'S Note on Wager of Battle ; POPIANA : Human
Leather ; and other communications of interest, together ivith our usual
NOTES ON BOOKS.
E. H. A., who asks us as to the authorship of a certain work, will pro-
bably, on consideration, agree with our doubts as to the propriety of pub-
lishing, ivithout his consent, the name of an author, who may have very
good and sufficient reasons f,r maintaining his incognito. We have not
/mi/ an opportunity of communicating ivith the gentleman whom we be-
Here to be the^vriter of the work enquired after by E. H. A., and do not
feel justified therefore in giving his name.
M. O. J. ( Glasgow) may consult for the derivation of Theodolite, '' N.
& Q.," 1st S. iv. 383. 457. ; 2nd S. i. 73. 122. 201.
A CONSTANT READER. // you will inform us what is the sum expected
for the volume, we may probably find you a purchaser.
G. GERVAIS. No more than Part I. of Jones's work On the Distribu-
tion of Wealth was ever published.
PHOTOGRAPHIC NOTICES in next iveek's Number.
" NOTES AND QUERIES " is published at noon on Friday, so that the
Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and
deliver them to their Subscribers on the Saturday.
" NOTES AND QUERIES " is also issued in Monthly Parts, for the con-
venience of those who may either have a difficulty in, procuring the un-
stamped weekly Numbers, or prefer receiving it monthly. While parties
resident in the country or abroad, who may be desirous of receiving the
weekly Numbers, may have stamped copies forwarded direct from the
Publisher. The subscription for the stamped edition of " NOTKS AND
QUERIES" (including a very copious Index) is eleven, shillings and four-
pence for six months, which may be paid by Post Office Order, drawn in
pence for six months, which may be paid by 1
favour of the Publisher, MR. GEORGE BELL, No. 186.
S. N° 89., SEPT. 27. '56.]
NOTES AND QUEEIES.
241
LONDON, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 27, 1856.
WAGER OF BATTEL.
" The personal combat offered in bar of an appeal of
murder seems to have been admitted as legal some years
since, and was only abolished of late by positive statute."
A reperusal of Sir Walter Scott's Essay 'on
Chivalry, from the concluding paragraph of which
the above extract is made, has induced me to in-
quire into the later instances in which Wager of
Battel was offered. The two last cases appear to
have occurred in the second decade of the present
century ; and although they seem to have been
merely legal-technical affairs, and somewhat dull,
it is not a little curious to find that a remnant of
the semi-barbarous mode of trial by single com-
bat, introduced to this country by William the
Conqueror, should have been held lawful so re-
cently as the years 1815 and 1817. The case that
occurred in the former of those years evidently
arose from a free exercise of professional cunning ;
and as an illustration of the then morality of the
Irish bar may be briefly related here.
A man named Clancy in open day, and in the
presence of several lookers-on, murdered a gen-
tleman called Brian O'Reilly. A full confession
of the fact was obtained from the murderer,
and it was signed and sworn to by him. His
trial came on at the Mullingar Summer Assizes,
1815; and from the nature and fulness of the
confession, the prosecuting counsel summoned
no witnesses to prove the crime. Shrewdly ob-
serving this, Mr. McNally, the prisoner's advo-
cate, objected to the confession being received in
evidence, and the Court ruled in favour of the
objection ; and, inasmuch as the prisoner was
actually in charge of the jury, the trial could not
be either delayed or postponed. Regardless,
therefore, of the prosecutor's prayer for time
to produce witnesses, the judge ordered Clancy to
be acquitted. Upon this a brother of the mur-
dered gentleman, as next of kin, appealed to the
Court of King's Bench, Dublin, within the allotted
" year and a day" from the date of the first trial ;
and after much discussion and many adjourn-
ments, Clancy, advised by his counsel, offered to
" wage battel" with the appellant — an offer which
is described as having caused a strong sensation
in court. The matter, however, proceeded no
farther. A compromise was effected between the
counsel; and the prisoner pleading guilty, sub-
mitted to transportation in order to save his life.
A clever trick therefore, and the taking ad-
vantage of an obsolete statute, caused in this in-
stance a "failure of justice."
Before detailing any particulars of the next
offer to "wage battel," (that of 1817, and which
was the last, as it caused the statute to be re-
sealed), it may be Worth while to relate in what
;he "wager of battel" consisted: and the follow-
ng extract, taken from a local newspaper of the
period in question, seems correctly to embody all
,he required information : —
" According to the barbarous and un'repealed statutes
n which Trial by Battel is founded, unless the accuser
jan counterplead a legal exception, — such as his being a
monk, a minor, a citizen of London, &c., — he must either
give up his charge against the defendant, and be liable
;o him in damages, or a day of battle must be appointed.
The battle must be in the presence of the Court, in the
Allowing form: — At sunrise the parties assemble; the
ists are set out by the Court ; the accuser and the ac-
cused are to be bare-armed, bare-legged, and each armed
with a wooden truncheon of an ell long, and a square
wooden target. They then take each other's hands, and
each swears — the accuser that the accused did kill the
deceased, and the accused swears that he did not. They
then both swear ' that they have about them ne bone, ne
stone, ne charm of any sort, "whereb}' the law of the
devil may be exalted, or the law of God depressed.'
They then fight it out. If the accused can make good
bis defence till the stars appear in the evening, it is an
acquittal ; but if he is beaten, or cries ' Craven,' the in-
famous word of surrender, he is to be hanged."
With this preface I will now condense, as much
as is consistent with clearness, the account of the
last offer of "battel :" — Abraham Thornton was
tried at the Warwick Assizes, August 8, 1817, for
the murder of Mary Ashford. Mr. Justice Hol-
royd presided, and the trial lasted the whole day.
The evidence ngainst the prisoner, though strong,
was entirely circumstantial. His defence was well
got up; and the jury, to the infinite dissatisfac-
tion of the people of the locality, acquitted him.
This dissatisfaction was so loudly expressed, that
the brother of the unfortunate girl was induced
to obtain a writ of appeal. Thornton conse-
quently was again taken into custody, and, on
November 17, placed at the bar of the Court of
King's Bench, in Westminster Hall : two of the
presiding judges being Lord Ellenborough and
Mr. Justice Bayley. Mr. Reader, as counsel for
the prisoner, commenced the proceedings by
moving that he "do now plead." By order of the
Court, the record Was then read to the prisoner ;
it of course charged him with the murder of Mary
Ashford, by casting her into a pit of water ; and
he was asked "What he pleaded to the charge?"
He at once rose up : his counsel placed in his
hands a pair of large horseman's gloves, one of
which he immediately put on ; and a paper, from
which he read : " My Lords, I am not guilty, and
I am ready to defend myself with my body." He
then waved the other glove, and flung it into the
middle of the court ; where it lay until the close
of the day's proceedings, when it was handed up
to the care of the officer for the crown. The
"gage" having been flung, William Ashford, the
appellant, was formally called. He appeared : a
mere stripling, of short stature, apparently weak,
and about the age of twenty-two years. Mr.
242
NOTES AND QUERIES. [2«* s. N« 89, SEPT. 27. 'cc.
Clark, his counsel, then expressed surprise that
the charge against the prisoner should be put to
issue in this way; he submitted that the Court
had a right to restrain the defendant from his
plea, and ndduced the appellant's weakness oj
body as a circumstance cogent enough to warrant
the interference of the Court, This however was
declined ; and time, until November 21, given to
the appellant to counter-plead. The counter-
plea merely recapitulated the facts of the case,
and concluded thus : " Wherefore, the said Wil-
liam Ashford prays the judgment of the Court
that the said Abraham Thornton may not be per-
mitted to wage battel on his the said Abraham's
plea." Time was now granted to the defendant
to reply; and on January 24, 1818, he delivered
in a long replication, in which he quoted the
evidence used at his former trial, asserted his in-
nocence, and repeated his prayer to be allowed to
wage battel with William Ashford. The suffi-
ciency of this replication was denied on January
29, when Mr. Reader, for the prisoner, joined
issue on the demurrer. The argument took place
on, and occupied the whole of the 6th and 7th
February, when the case was farther adjourned to
April 16. At which time the Court decided that
the law gave the defendant a right to his wager
of battel. The appellant, Ashford, then craved
until April 20, to consider the course he should
adopt ; and on that day his counsel gave up the
appeal. " The appellant," said Mr. Gurney, "does
not feel himself justified in accepting the chal-
lenge." The defendant was thereupon discharged
from custody.
And in this prosaic manner terminated the last
effort of judicial chivalry. ROBERT 3. SALMON.
Newcastle-on-Tyne.
TOPIANA.
Popes "Letters to Cromwell" (2nd S. ii. 181.)—
Your correspondent C. P. is under a mistake.
There is no doubt whatever that Pope's Letters to
Cromwell were published in 1726 ; or rather, ac-
cording to date in title-page, in 1727. The book
is scarce, probably because it was superseded by
editions containing a collection of Pope's letters,
and is worthless except to a few curious persons.
Your correspondent is under other mistakes. The
edition of The Knights from which he quotes
was probably a London rcpublication of the
Scotch poem. I doubt, from internal evidence,
whether the Address prefixed was written by
Meston, the author ; but cannot doubt that the
P. S., to which your correspondent refers, was
thrust in by Curll as an advertisement of his
Cromwell letters, and a means of annoying Pope.
Your correspondent quotes from the Preface to
The Knight of the Kirk what he considers may
have been "the passage in the original letter;"
then a variation from an edition of 1737, pub-
lished by Roberts ; and " another reading, making
a third version," from Curll of 1735. But if he
will examine carefully, he will find that the first
and third are the same. The writer of the " Pre-
face" desired to prejudice Pope by showing that
he had slandered and insulted the clergy ; and
therefore he omitted from the passage every
word that did not immediately illustrate the sub-
ject, or tended to qualify Pope's presumed con-
tempt ; but what he retained is, word for word,
the same as in Curll 1735, except that the words
"he has paraphrased" are introduced.
As to the variation in the edition published by
Roberts, the facts, I believe, are these : —
Roberts, Cooper, " booksellers," all the pirates,
if they may be so called, in the first editions fol-
lowed Curll of 1735. Subsequently, and after
the publication of the quarto, a new edition was
published by Cooper, under the secret sanction of
Pope. This edition, mutilated to suit Pope's pur-
pose, was followed by Roberts in the edition of
1737, referred to by your correspondent.
There are no difficulties about the questions
raised by your correspondent ; but there are great
difficulties about the original publication and sub-
sequent publications of the Letters to Cromwell,
which I hope future editors of Pope will clear up.
It would lead me out of all reasonable bounds if
I were to venture on this curious and interesting
subject. P. L. C.
Pope and Warburton (2nd S. ii. 182.)— The
volume described by P. A. W. is not rare. I have
two copies, and I have seen it in the cheap-book
catalogues of, I think, Mr. Kerslake at a mode-
rate price. The separate paginations show that
the three pieces were not intended to form a
volume ; but what Warburton's design was I
cannot guess. Could he have contemplated sell-
ing them separately ? C.
Unpullished Letter of Pope to Wanley. —
The following Letter, which is preserved in the Har-
leian MS. 3780. (Wanley Letters, vol. iv. p. 198.) does
not appear to have been published. At least, it is not to
be found in Roscoe's edition, which is the latest and most
complete.
" To Mr. Wanley, at the Rt. Hon. the Earl of
Oxford's, in Dorset Street, Piccadilly.
" Worthy Sir,
" I am greatly contented with your kind token
of affection, although I meant not, in any wise, to
have put you to so sudden a discharge of the
trust I reposed in you ; nor to have caused you a
journey to a distant part of the towne ; not to
have obliged you to renew an acquaintance with
Signer Alberto, after an intermission of divers
2«*S. NO 39., SEPT. 27. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
243
yeares. Signer Alberto may thanke me, but not
you. I did verily thinke you had seen him daily,
and do really beg your pardon. Notwithstanding
the zeal, as well as punctuality, you have kindly
shown herein, doth and ought much to oblige me.
As an assurance whereof, I will again, as you ad-
monish, renew your care and trouble, when these
same bottles are on the rack, to refill them, and
me, with such wholesome liquor of the like sort
as to your judgment shall seem good, I paying
the just price for the same.* I desire very truly
to have some occasion of serving you, and that
you will require it whenever opportunity shall
offer, being sincerely,
"Sir, '
" Your very affectionate faithful Servant
" and well-wisher,
"A. POPE.
" Twickenham, July 31, 1725."
MarklancCs Verses on Popes Satire on Addison.
— As these lines, which Curll has printed in THE
PROGRESS OP DULNESS (see ante, p. 203.), do not
appear to be generally known, it may be well to
preserve them in the columns of " N. & Q." They
will not occupy much space, and may be useful to
future writers on this subject.
WILLIAM J. THOMS.
" Verses presented to the Countess of Warwick.
"Occasioned by Mr. POPE'S impudent SATIRE on Mr.
ADDISON.
" WHEN soft Expressions Covert-Malice hide,
And pitying Satire cloaks o'er-weening Pride,
When Ironies revers'd right Virtue show,
And point which Way true Merit we may know :
When Self-Conceit just hints indignant Rage,
Shewing its wary Caution to engage ;
In mazy Wonder we astonish'd stand,
Perceive the Stroke, but miss th' emittent Hand.
Thus, if old HOMER'S Credit may avail,
(And when was HOMER'S Credit known to fail ?)
When stipulative Terms were form'd for Peace,
And Foes agreed all Hostile Acts should cease,
Sly Pandarus, the Battle to renew,
Amongst the adverse Ranks a Javelin threw :
The Greeks saw Sparta's injur'd MONARCH bleed,
But saw not who perform'd the perjur'd Deed.
So the skill'd Snarler pens his angry Lines,
Grins lowly fawning, biting as he whines ;
Traducing with false Friendship's formal Face,
And Scandalizing with the Mouth of Praise :
Shews his Intention, but his Weakness too,
And what he would, yet what he dare not do ;
While launching forth into a Depth of Praise,
Sru°se kind AttemPts the Mind attentive raise,
When suddenly the Pyr ate- Colours show,
Beneath the Friend's Disguise, the lurking Foe.
" O POPE ! forbear, henceforth, to vex the Muse,
Whilst forc'd, a Task so hateful, she pursues ;
* It would appear that Humphrey Wanley combined
.n agency for wine and spirits with literary pursuits ; for
in a letter from Dr. Hickes to him, the Doctor says, " I
am provided with wine, and so retract my commission."
No more let empty Words to Rhimes be brought,
And fluent Sounds atone for want of Thought :
Still ADDISON shall live, and pregnant Fame
Teem with eternal Triumphs.of his Name;
Still shall his Country hold him more endear'd,
Lov'd by this Age, and by the next Rever'd.
Or, if from good Advice you turn your Ear,
Nor friendly Words, imparted timely, hear ;
Exert your utmost Energy of Spite,
And as each envious Hint arises, write :
So shall his deathless Glory never cease,
And you, by lessening, will his Fame increase.
11 J. MARKLAND.'
BARON VON BE1CHENBACH AND REV. DR. MAITLAND.
Having recently taken up the Rev. Dr. Mait-
land's Essay on Superstition and Science, I learn
from it, that in 1851 he propounded a question
through your columns, to which he informs us he
never received a satisfactory reply.
The question arose out of Baron von Reichen-
bach's assertion that " thousands of ghost stories
would now receive a natural explanation from
the spectral and luminous emanations from grave-
yards, or other spots containing decomposed ani-
mal matter, as seen by Billing, Mile. Reichel, and
other sensitives."
DR. MAITLAND writes to ask, if any correspon-
dent is aware of any ghost stories that will bear
out the Baron's assertion ?
Surely the nurseries of England, Ireland, Scot-
land, and Wales abound in them. Has the Doctor
never heard of ghosts in churchyards, and of those
ghosts being invariably in white ? Now if the
luminous phenomena do actually occur, as the
Baron asserts, we have at once a solution of
the white ; for, according to the description of the
luminous appearances as seen by Mile. Reichel,
they resembled " a dense vaprous mass of fire,
holding a middle place between mist and flame ;"
which we take it, if visible at all, must produce
the effect of white, and possibly of shining white,
which latter is the usual popular accompaniment
of an apparition. It is evident, therefore, that
the Baron, from his point of view, had a right to
assert that " thousands of ghost stories had re-
ceived their solution."
Moreover, I have recollections of tales of ghosts
with flaming eyes appearing in churchyards.
And doubtless the flesh of many an Irishman has
some day crept at thrilling stories of fires from
ghostly eyes, gravely described as strong enough
for Paddy to light his dhubeen with.
THEOPHILUS.
HOPS A WICKED WEED.
Fuller, in his Worthies (Art. ESSEX), mentions
a petition to parliament in the reign of Henry VI.
against that "wicked weed called hops." He says,
244
NOTES AND QUERIES.
N° 39., SEP f . 27. '56.
" They are not so bitter in themselves as others
have been against them, accusing hops for noxi-
ous; preserving beer, but destroying those who
drink it. Their back-friends also affirm, the
stone never so epidemical in England, as since* the
general reception and use of hops in the begin-
ning of the reign of Henry VIII." This may be
all very humorous, Master Tom Fuller, but your
Note that hops were known in England in the
reign of Henry VI. admits ,of a humble Query.
Is not the old Khymer, in 1546, a little nearer the
mark in his parody of a well known distich, —
" Hops, Reformation, Bays, and Beer,
Came into England all in one year " ?
According to the most credible accounts, the
English were taught the cultivation of hops by
some native of Artois, who, in 1524, introduced
them into this country ; but the physicians re-
presenting them as unwholesome, parliament was
petitioned against hops as being a wicked weed,
and in 1528 their use was prohibited under severe
penalties. In Rastell's Collection of Entries, it is
stated, that " an aleman brought an action against
his brewer for spoiling his ale, by putting in a
certain weed called a hop, and recovered damages
against his brewer." Even Henry VIII., who
loved a sparkling glass, appears to have been pre-
judiced against hops; for in a MS. dated Eltham,
mense Jan. 1530, occurs an injunction to his
brewer " not to put any hops or brimstone into
the ale ! " So that the adulteration of this ex-
hilarating beverage is rather of long standing in
our country, and not limited to these degenerate
days of licensed publicans and sinners. In the
reign of Edward VI., about the year 1552, the
term hop-grounds first occurs in our laws. In
1603, a very considerable quantity of hops were
already produced in this country ; however, it
was still necessary to import them from abroad,
and by the adulteration of the foreign, as we learn
from an act of parliament, the English were then
defrauded annually to the amount of 20,000/.
sterling. J. YEOY/ELL.
ILLUSTRATIONS OF MACAULAY.
Letter of Bishop Burnet. —
The following Letter of Burnet's is transcribed from
the Harleian MS., 6798 (art. 49.), and forms an illustra-
tion both of Burnet's owij History and that of Macaulay,
which may well be added to those which have already
appeared in " X. & Q." J. L. B.
Lettre dc M. le Docteur Burnet, de lundy jusqitau
jeudy 26 Novembre 1688. Escrite a diverts re-
prises selon que fai eu le loisir.
Etant arrive a Torbay le 5me Novembre, S. A.
descendit a terre vers les trois heures apresmidy,
et marqua a tous ceux qui etoient aut.our de lui,
qu'il etoit plein de recognoissance de la grace que
Dieu lui avoit faite de lui donner un si heureux
voyage. II me dit en particulier, Ne croirai-je
pas presentement la predestination ? Je repondis,
que j'estois tres persuade de 1'assistance en toute
particuliere que Dieu avoit donnee a S. A. en
cette grande entreprise. S. A. accompagne [du
due de Scom-jberg monta aussitost a cheval, et
alia decouvrir le pays a droite et a gauche pen-
dant que le reste du jour, et toute la nuit furent
employes au debarquement de 1'infanterie. Le
matin suivant on trouva heureusement un endroit
fort pres de la ville ou Ton descendit les chevaux,
sans qu'il fut besoin de les faire nager trois fois
le longueur de leurs corps. Tout fut a terre et
prest a marcher le lendemain a midy. Le Prince
fit cette nuit la une marche de quatre mijles, et
logea a un petit bourg appelle Neuton. II pleu-
voit toute la nuit ; et bien qu'il fust dix heures
du soir avant que tout fust arrive, et que chacun
fust et las et mouille, le lendemain il n'y cut
aucune plainte en toute 1'armee qu'au seul sujet
de je ne scay quoy qu'avoit este ou perdu ou de-
robe, et que S. A. paya. Cette heureuse exactir
tude peut passer pour quelque chose d'assez rare
dans une aussi grosse trouppe. Le peuple des
environs, informe de notre arrives, s'etoit rendu
en grande nombre sur les avenues, plein de cris
de joye et de benedictions, et nous cotoyoit ;
quantite s'avancerent jusqu'au Prince les pas,
lui prenant la main et la baissant le genou en
terre ; les autres touchaiit et baissant seulement
ses habits.
Sur le midy le Chevalier Courtney, le plus
grand terrien et le plus puissant de la province
de Devon, envoy a son fils a S. A. pour la prier
de venir coucher chez lui ce soir la. Le Prince
s'y rendit, et pour un imprevu comme le fut celui-
la, on ne peut estre plus splendidement regale
que S. A. le fut. Le 8me elle envoya les Comtes
de Shrewsbury, de Macklefields, et de Wiltshire
avec my lord Mordaunt et moy a Exeter avec des
Lettres a 1'Evesque du lieu et au Clerge, au
Maire, et aux Eschevins; Mais 1'Evesque et le
Doyen s'etoient retires des le jour precedent a
quelques milles de Citte. Les Chanoines restes
dans la ville, firent scruple d'ouvrir la lettre,
quoy qu'adressee a eux en 1'absence de 1'Evesque;
Persuades a la fin de le faire, ils demanderent du
temps pour faire leur reponse. Le Prince par sa
lettre leur demandoit leurs prieres a Dieu, et les
prioit de se rendre aupres de lui pour y oflicicr,
et de tascher de desposer la ville a le recevoir en
amy. Ils furent toute la nuit en consultation,
dans une conference de quelques heures avec
eux : Et apres tout, on ne peut tirer d'eux autre
chose, sinon qu'ils etoient resolus de vivre et de
mourir bons Protestants ; Qu'ils etoient au pou-
voir de S. A., et qu'elle pouvoit faire d'eux ce
qu'il lui plairoit ; Que s'il leur commandoit de
Taller trouver, ils obeyroient. Le Maire et les
2** S. NO 39., SEPT. 27. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
245
Eschevlns, se mettant sur le pied ecclesiastique,
alleguerent aussi qu'ils etoient les gens clu Roy ;
Qu'ils distribueroient des logements aux soldats,
si on le leur conimandoit, mais que pour aller au
devant du Prince, ils ne le feroient qu'a son expres
commandement. Tout le reste de la ville fut
aussi plein d'ardeur et d' affection, qu'il avoit paru
de reserve et de froideur en ceux dont je viens
de parler. Leurs acclamations et leurs applaud-
issements furent tels, qu'il sembloit qu'ils fussent
hors d'eux-mesmes.
Nous n'avions avec nous que deux Compaignies
de Cavallerie et une de Dragons. Le Prince
entra le jour suivant dans la ville, et il y fut
receu avec un joye et des transports d' affection
qu'on ne sauroit exprimer. Une foule incroyable
de peuple se venoit offrir a lui; et-il auroit peu
sur le champ en former un corps de plus de dix
mille hommes. Le lendemain de son arrivee, qui
fut un Samedy, le Prince manda le Clerge, et leur
dit fort tendrernent, Qu'il etoit marri que leur
Evesque se trouvast hors de la ville ; Qu'il
esperoit que cette absence ne 1'empescheroit pas
dans peu de temps avec toute la Grande Bre-
tagne temoin qu'on n'etoit venu icy pour faire
peur a personne ; et qu'on n'avoit autre but que
de prevenir la ruine de 1'Eglise Anglicane, et de
la remettre sur le pied de son ancienne splendeur.
II ajouta qu'ii avoit appris qu'ils avoient agy en
gens de bien du temps de leur denier Maire,
(c'etoit un Papiste que la politique de la Cour
avoit trouvoit bon de faire retirer de cet employ
depuis peu de jours). Et qu'il esperoit d'eux
qu'ils persisteroierit a marquer toujours un pareil
zele pour la. Religion. Toute la reponse fut qu'ils
vivroient et mourroient bons Protestants. Sur
quoy le Prince leur congedia, en leur disant qu'il
leur envoyeroit ses ordres. Bien de gens trouve-
rent aredire a cette conduite du. Clerge d'Exeter ;
mais le Prince rnodera leurs ressentiments. II
ordonna qu'on chantast le Te Deum a inidy. Un
officier eut ordre d'y faire venir le Chreur ; Apres
le Te Deum, on y leut la Declaration de S. A., qui
fust rec.ue avec des acclamations extraordinaires
du peuple. Je preschay dans la Cathedrale en
presence du Prince sur le dernier verset du
Psaume 107. S. A. a change la Magistrature de
la Ville, et en a mis le gouvernement en d'autres
mains par provision. On leve cinq Regiments
d'Infanterie, deux de Cavallerie, et un de Dra-
gons. II se presenta dix ibis plus de gens qu'on
n'en demande. On envoye de tous cotes des
partis de Dragons pour amener des chevaux au
camp. L'abondance y est grande. Je croy que
nous serons icy environ dix jours en tout ; mais
la plupart de 1'armee est desja en marche et a
quinze ou vingt milles d'icy.
J'oubliois a vous dire que le lendemain de
1 arrivee du Prince en cette Ville d'Exeter, My
Lord Colchester, Lieutenant d'une Compaignie des
Guardes, avec divers Officiers et gentilhommes, se
rendit icy : Mr. Russell fils du Comte de Bedford,
Mr. Wharton fils aisne du My Lord de ce nom. ;
le Colonel Godefrey, Mr. Jephson, Mr. Row, Mr.
Boyle fils de My Lord Shanon, sont de ce nom-
bre. Et tous renouvellent au Prince les assur-
ances des bonnes intentions et de 1' affection de la
plus grande partie de 1'armee.
J'avois ecrit jusqu'icy, quand on m'est venu
dire qu'au lieu de deux Regiments de Cavallerie,
Barwick autrefois Oxford, et St. Albans, et un de
Dragons de My Lord Cornbury, que ce Seigneur
commandant ces trois Regiments, comme leur
Colonel, devoit amener icy, il n'en est arrive
qu'une partie ; ils etoient venus jusqu'a vingt
milles d'icy en un lieu appelle Exminster, et le
(la) My Lord leur faisoit entendre qu'il venoit
donner sur nous. Ils marchoient de nuit, lorsque
quelques Officiers Papistes, qui etoient de la
troupe s'apercevant ou ils etoient, crierent alte,
et mirent tout en confusion, en disant qu'ils al-
loient donner dans un ambuscade. Une partie
rebrousserent chemin. My Lord Cornbury avec
la moitie de son Regiment et tous les Officiers,
excepte le Major, sont des notres ; Tout St.
Albans, a la reserve de dix Cavaliers, qui ayant
refuse de prendre party, ont este demontes et
desarmes ; avec 50 cavaliers du Regiment de Bar-
wick, le plus ancien et meilleur regiment d'An-
gleterre, consistant en neuf conapaignies de 50
hommes chacune, sont aussi a nous.
On apprend que depuis cela, le Capitaine Kerck
s'est aussi rendu au camp a la teste de cent che-
vaux de vieilles trouppes. On presse fort S. A.
d'avancer vers 1'armee du Roy ; et il est seur que
1'armee entiere, a la reserve des Papistes et des
Irlandois, se rangera du cote du Prince. On at-
tend pour demain ou apres-demain la Declaration
de Plymouth en faveur du Prince. II en est
venu quelques Officiers, qui assurent qu'on a re-
fuse Pentree de la Citadelle au My Lord Hunt-
ington qui y a son Regiment, et qu'il est oblige
de coucher dans la ville. On scait presentement
que si 1'on avoit este d'abord a Portsmouth, il se
seroit rendu a nous, tant la division y est grande
entre les Anglois et les Irlandois, qui y sont en
garnison. Le Roy en a este fort allarmee. Je
tiens cecy de Mr Russell mesme Gentilhomme de
la chambre que S. Me y envoya immediatement
apres avoir eu la nouvelle que nous etions entres
dans la Manche ; et qui est presentement des
notres.
Hier le Comte d'Abington, le frere du Comte
de Westmorland, et plusieurs autres personnes de
qualite, arriverent icy ; II en arrive a toute heure ;
et j'espere que nous partirons dans 2 ou trois
jours au plus tard. On nous dit icy, mais sans
grande certitude, qu'on se remue dans le Nord,
qu'on s'est empare de la ville d' York, et qu'on s'est
declare pour le Prince. Un vaisseau arrivant
246
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd s. NO 39., SEPT. 27. '56.
d'lrland a Plymouth a ppporte des Lettres, qu'on
rec,ue hier icy. Elles marquent qu'on a com-
mence un massacre vers Youghall ; et il paroit
vraisemblable qu'il y a du desordre dans ce pays-
Ik ; car les Lettres de Londres portent qu'o» n'y
a point eu de Lettres d'Irlande de six ordinaires,
quoy que le vent n'est point cesse d'estre bon.
Une presse nous feroit icy plus de service qu'un
Regiment; on ne sauroit fournir a faire des Copies;
et le monde est fait d'une maniere que s'il ne void
des imprimes, il n'ajoute pas foy aux choses les
plus autorisees et les plus certaines.^
S. A. a etabli un Conseil compose de personnes
de la premiere qualite qui sont autour de lui ; Ce
conseil re9oit toutes les plaintes, et y pourvoid.
S. A. a aussi public une nouvelle Declaration (en
son nom et de Vadvis des Pairs du Royaume et
Gentilshommes assistans pres de lui), portant pre-
mierement invitation a tous bons et fidelles Sujets
des trois Royaumes d'embrasser la cause com-
mune, leur offrant sa protection, et protestant que
si qui que ce soit se mette en etat d'embrasser le
bon party, tombe entre les mains de 1'enemy, ceux
des enemis qui tomberont entre ses mains, re9ev-
ront le mesme traitement qu'on aura fait aux
gens de son parti : 2ment saisie de tous les deniers
et revenus Royaux, pour estre payes entre les
mains des Receveurs riommes par S. A. En 3me
lieu, Etablissement d'un marche franc par tout ou
1'armee de S. A. se trouvera.
Le Clerge reprend courage. On avoit donne
des logements de gens de guerre a quelques uns.
J'allai en parler a S. A., qui comtnanda aussitost
qu'on les delogeast. Us sont occupes presente-
ment a dresser une Requeste au Roy, pour lui
demander un Parlement libre pour la seurete de
la Religion Protestante et des Loix et Libertes
d'Angleterre. La Requeste commence par ces
paroles. " Que plusieurs entreprises ayant este
formees contre la Religion Protestante, nos lois et
nos libertes [add. Et pour retablissement de la Su-
perstition Papistique, par la Grace de Dieu abolie
et entierement interdite par les Loix fondamentales
de cc Royaume'] Tres sensible me nt touches, tant de
desordres, &c. Bien entendu que tous ceux qui
signeront cette Requeste, seront regardes comme
etunt des notres.
S. A. a re^eu cette pensee du Clerge avec agre-
ment. On travaille aux souscriptions de la Re-
queste : ce qui mettra tout le monde de notre cote;
car chacun attend les mouvements du Clerge. Le
Doyen envoya hier demander pardon au Prince
de s'estre eloigne,et permission de le venir trouver.
S. A. lui accorda sa demande, et il doit estre icy
ce soir. J'apprens que S. A. fait partir un ex-
pres pour Hollande. II faut done fmir icy. Dans
co moment on vient de me dire que les Regiments
qui se venoient rendre a nous, se sont debandes.
Us ne viendront pas en corps d'armee. Mais en
detail, tout prendra le bon chemin ; ce qui abre-
gera, Dieu aydant, les affaires ; car desormais il
en arrive k tout moment. Adieu. Vendredy &
midy.
29th Novbre, 1688.
3& (nor
Devonshire Saying. — The following saying is
often used by the South Devonshire peasantry on
seeing anything particularly striking or beautiful :
*' That's extra, as the old woman said when she
saw Kerton." Now I can remember Crediton
when it was anything but a striking town ; but it
has been nearly rebuilt of late years, so perhaps
the saying is a modern one.
WILLIAM FKASER, B.C.L.
Alton, Staffordshire.
Poetical Epitaphs on Queen Elizabeth in London.
— The queen is buried at Westminster, where
were some versicles in her honour by Skelton, the
laureate, but where they exist I know not. Her
epitaph at St. Mary-le-Bow consisted of prose and
verse, the latter running thus :
" Fame blow aloud, and to the World proclaim,
There never ruled such a Royal Dame.
The word of God was ever her delight,
In it she meditated Day and Night.
Spain's Rod, Rome's Ruin, Netherland's Relief,
Earth's Joy, England's Gem, AVorld's Wonder, Nature's
Chief.
She was, and is, what can there more be said,
On Earth the chief, in Heav'n the second Maid."
The following was at St. Michael, AArood Street,
but in 1707 it had disappeared :
" Here lies her Type, who was of late
The prop of Belgia, stay of France,
Spain's Foil, Faith's Shield, and Queen of State,
Of Arms and Learning, Fate and Chance.
In brief, of Women ne'er was seen
So great a Prince, so good a Queen.
Sitli Virtue her Immortal made,
Death (envying all that cannot dye)
Her earthly parts did so invade,
As in it wrack'd Self- Majesty.
But so her Spirit inspired her Parts,
That she still lives in Loyal Hearts."
At St. Saviour's, Southwark :
" St. Peter's Church at Westminster,
Her sacred Body doth inter ;
Her glorious Soul with Angels sings,
Her Deeds live Patterns here for Kings :
Her Love in every Heart hath room,
This only Shadows out her tomb."
There were several more, as at Allhallows the
Great and St. Mildred, Poultry. THRELKELJ>.
American- German English. — I make the fol-
lowing cutting from an American newspaper, The
Berks and Schuylkill Journal. It should be ob-
served that the German language is still generally
spoken in and about Reading, the chief town of
S. NO 39., SEPT. 27. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
247
Berks County, Pennsylvania, originally almost a
pure German colony :
" At Dr. Leisenring's Hermitage. — On the 800 feet high
Cushion Hill, (Berks County Cold Springs,) between
Reading and Womelsdorf, on the Lebanon Valley Rail-
road, have been lately several family parties and pic-nics
in the open air, on week days.
" The heavenly environs on the platform, under large
shade trees, the amusement arrangements, and that a
person can easy drive on the top of the hill, makes the
abode here incomparably agreeable ; near or far it is not
so easy to find a place that offers such varieties.
" To secure the locality, in order to satisfy the wishes,
a person will do well to give previous notice of it, under
direction.
"LEISENRING'S HERMITAGE,
" Wernersville, P. O., Berks Co., Pa.
"August 9-2mo."
JAMES GRAVES.
Kilkenny.
Large Oysters. —
" Alexander, with his friends and physicians, wondered
to find oysters in the Indian seas a foot long; and in
Pliny's time (Nat. Hist., lib. xxxii. c. 6.), they marvelled
at an oyster which might be divided into three morsels,
naming it tridacnon. But I dare, and do truly affirm,
that at my eldest brother's marriage at Aldham Hall,
Essex, I did see a Peldon oyster divided into eight good
morsels, whose shell was nothing less than that of Alex-
ander's."— Monfet's Health's Improvement, London, 1655,
p. 161.
In the University of Leyden an oyster shell is
or was shown, weighing 130 Ibs.
R. W. HACKWOOD.
" John de Lancaster." — An elderly lady of my
acquaintance lately related to me a singular fact
in connexion with the above-mentioned novel. I
Mr. Cumberland, its author, called to her just as
he was finishing its composition, and read aloud I
to her the contents of the last sheet. She said to |
him: "Your novel will not sell." "Why?" he I
asked, with surprise and some anxiety. " Because
you drag us through three volumes, following the
fortunes of your hero, and then you kill him."
More was said to the same effect, and the conse-
quence was, that the concluding chapters of the
novel in question were materially altered.
THRELKELD.
Whistle Tankards. — The following has gone
the round of the papers : —
" Mrs. Mary Dixon, widow of a Canon residentiary of
York, has presented two ancient silver tankards to the
corporation of Hull. One of them is a « whistle tankard,'
which belonged to Anthony Lambert, Mayor of Hull in
1669. Mrs. Dixon « has been frequently told that there
is only one other whistle tankard in the kingdom.' The
whistle comes into play when the tankard is empty ; so
that when it reaches the hands of a toper, and there is
nothing to drink, he must, if he wants liquor, 'whistle
for it,'— which possibly may be the origin of the popular
phrase."
At this rate may not the phrase of "wetting
one's whistle" be also referred to the filling of
such tankard ?
Where is the "other" tankard referred to ?
R. W. HACKWOOD.
MEANING Or LECKERSTONE.
What is the origin of the name Lecher stone, as
applied to a farm-house near an abbey or monas-
tery ? The circumstances are these. There is a farm
with a neat mansion-house of that name, about a
mile from the town and abbey of Dunfermline,
county of Fife ; and still nearer the town, in the
same direction, there is another farm, named the
Grange, anciently, it is presumed, the granary of
the abbey. May Leckerstone have received its
name from monastic times and usages ? I am in-
formed that there is a somewhat similar name
given to a spot in the parish of Abdie, also in
Fife, near the Grange village and the abbey of
Lindores, where there were two licker-stanes, as
they were pronounced, one on each side of a foot-
path leading to the Den, and thence to the
Abbey, forming, as it were, posts or pillars at its
entrance. They were about three feet high,
square and flat on the top. They were not hewn,
but merely boulders of a bluish colour, gathered
from the land, and no doubt selected for the pur-
pose. The uniform tradition is, that they were
used at funerals, as a resting-place on which the
coffin or bier was put, while being conveyed to
the churchyard, and that there the priest or mi-
nister read lessons or lectures, or gave an address,
and hence the name. They were removed nearly
sixty years since, and are reported to have been
put to some useful purpose near the Manse. It
is believed, on the authority of a deceased* able
antiquary, W. D. D. Turn bull, Esq., Advocate,
that the abbey of Lindores once stood on the
margin of the loch, and therefore near to the
Grange, to which a monumental stone statue
lately found on the bank of the loch gives some
countenance. • There is a portion of ground, jut-
ting into the loch, called the Licker Inch, or as
interpreted by some, Lecturer s Inch. There is a
place, too, in the parish of Falkland (not far dis-
tant) called Lecherstanes, on the side of the road
leading from the village of Fruchie in the parish
to the churchyard.
As I have the prospect of going to press about
a month hence with a second volume of my " His-
torical and Statistical Account of Dunfermline,"
published in 1844, your early reply, either by
[* We are happy to assure our correspondent that this
accomplished antiquary is still among us, but practising
in Lopdon instead of Edinburgh.— Eu. "N. & Q."]
248
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd S. N^ 39., SEPT. 27. '56.
letter or in your printed " !NT. & Q.," will much
oblige. P. C.
ANCIENT REPRESENTATIONS OP THE TRINITY.
Happening lately to be inspecting the very
pleasant little Musee at Rypres, I noticed a wood
carving ; one of three large old medallions, which,
in connexion with another similar curiosity, may
interest your readers.
The carving had for its subject a representation
of the Trinity. The Father, a reverend old man,
sitting, supports the cross ; on which is stretched
our Redeemer, his head (as is usual in early re-
presentations) declining to the right.
In extreme suffering, the figure resembles the
painting of the same painful subject by the By-
zantine artists : the limbs long and extenuated,
the face hollow, and full of agony.
From the mouth of the Father proceeds the
dove, the third person in the Trinity being thus
symbolised, in full wing ; flying towards the
bowed head of the suffering Christ. The whole
reminded me forcibly of a carving in Morwen-
stow Church, Cornwall, carefully preserved with
true antiquarian zeal by the learned vicar, the
Rev. R. S." Hawker.
On the right hand, in this carving, the Son is
shown — a face with some rude notions of beauty;
from His mouth proceed two curious strings, or-
namented with pellets. On the higher of these
two the dove is seen attacking the dragon, who,
in his turn, is attempting to demolish the church,
symbolised by a tower : on the other side of
which, previous to its destruction by some local
barbarian, the Father, the reverend aged head,
might have been seen.
I shall, perhaps, succeed better in describing
this fragment of ecclesiastical ornamentation by
adding the explanation with which the vicar of
the parish kindly furnished me : —
" The turret, or tower, is the symbol of the Church
Universal.
" The assailant of the Church is the dragon ; type of
Satan, the foe.
" The defender of the Church is the Holy Ghost, the
Dove ; which proceedeth from the second person of the
Trinity, God the Son."
I should suppose neither of these carvings date
earlier than the fourteenth century ; on this point,
however, I should be glad of information.
T. H. PATTISON.
[For a notice of the bosses in Morwenstow Church, see
" N. & Q.," 1* S. x. 123.]
Who wrote the Letter to Lord Monteagle ? — On
visiting a short time since the interesting church
of Ightham, near Sevenoaks, my attention was
caught by a mural monument containing the bust
of a lady, who was traditionally reported to have
written the letter which proved the cause of dis-
covering the Gunpowder Plot. Behind the mo-
nument was some of her needlework suspended.
The following was the epitaph :
" D. D. D. To the pretious name and honor of Dame
Dorothy Selby, the Relict of Sir William Selby, K>. the
only daughter and heire of Charles Bonham, Esq*
" She Was a Dorcas
Whose curious needle wound the abused stage
Of this leud world into the golden age.
Whose pen of steel and silken inck enroll'd
The acts of Jonah in records of gold.
Whose arte disclosed that plot, which, had it taken,
Rome had tryumph'd, and Britain's walls had shaken.
She was
In heart a Lydia, and in tongue a Hanna,
In zeale a Ruth, in wedlock a Susanna.
Prudently simple, providently wary,
To the world a Martha, and to heaven a Mary.
Who put on") in the year) Pilgrimage, 69.
immortality j of her J Redeemer, 1641."
MAGDALENENSIS.
Has the Papal Condemnation of the Copernican
System, been retracted ? — In various books I have
seen statements that the Pope has retracted the
prohibition of the Copernican theory. Thus Sir
Francis Palgrave, in The Merchant and the Friar
(1837), p. 304., says :
" Pope Pius certainly showed great kindness to us
heretics : he acted much like a gentleman, and behaved
very handsomely, when, in 1818, he came into the con-
sistory, and repealed the edicts against Galileo and the
Copernican system."
And Admiral Smyth, in his Cycle of Celestial
Objects (1824), vol. i. p. 65., says :
" The Newtonian doctrines, softened by the term hypo-
thesis instead of theory, had been taught in the Roman
Catholic Universities of Europe; until at length, in 1818,
the voice of truth was so prevailing, that Pius VII. re-
pealed the edicts against the Copernican system, and
thus, in the emphatic words of Cardinal Toriozzi, ' wiped
off this scandal from the church.' "
Can any of your readers tell me what is the
foundation of these assertions, and where the " re-
peal" here spoken of can be found? W. W.
Resuscitation of the Dead. — There is not a sub-
ject of greater importance for physiology (and,
perhaps, therapeutics !), than the method of the
Fakirs of India to " put a person bye for a num-
ber of months, and then to take him up again."
Has that process ever been properly (scienti-
fically) ascertained and described ? DR. LOTSKY.
15. Gower Street.
Mystery. — Is it true, as has frequently been
stated, that the word Muo-r^pto^ was formerly in-
scribed on the front of the Pope's tiara ?
ABHBA.
S. N° 39., SEPT. 27. '56. ]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
249
Heraldry. — What means exist for ascertaining
to what family a particular coat of arms belongs ?
I am aware that the family and county being
known, Burke's Armoury, or any other similar
work, will enable me to find the arms, if the
family be entitled to bear them. But I want to
know how to perform the reverse operation, i. e.
(he arms only being known, to ascertain the
family or families by whom they were borne — an
application of heraldry very useful for the topo-
graphical historian. It.
Macclesfield.
Heraldic. — If in 1600 a grant was made of a
coat of arms to John Jones and his descendants,
and on the grant were included also the descen-
dants male of the grandchildren, grandfather, &c.,
with those of the collaterals, could a person de-
scended from the same branch as John Jones, but
very distantly related to him, legally use the same
crest, &c. ? O'MALLEY.
Hogarth's Crest. — What is the meaning of the
device Hogarth, the caricaturist, placed upon the
panels of his chariot? The following is as good a
description of it as can be given without an en-
graving. On a shield azure the letters c. Y. in
chief, and p. R. u. s. in base ; and for crest a py-
ramid or cone encircled with wavy lines on a
wreath. Probably these wavy lines were intended
to illustrate his theory of the line of beauty.
C. J. DOUGLAS.
Bradshaws of D'Arcy Leven. — Can any of
your correspondents furnish information as to the
Bradshaws of D'Arcy Leven, in Lancashire (a
branch, I believe, of the Bradshaws of Bradshaw,
in the same county), more especially as to the
family of James Bradshaw, who lived about the
close of the seventeenth century ? What are the
armorial bearings of the family ? E. C. B.
Master Masons of Antwerp. — Having met with
the following paragraph in an interesting volume
recently published, called Flemish Interiors, I
should be glad if any of your readers could say
whether the practice to which it refers is confined
to the masons of Antwerp.
" A curious and, I believe, peculiar custom still exists
at Antwerp among the guild of masons. Henri Con-
science, the great Belgian writer, who was perambulating
the town with me, informed me as we passed their hall,
that whenever a new master-mason was to be elected, it
was necessary that, previously to being initiated into his
somewhat important position, he should prove himself
worthy of the dignity about to be conferred on him, by
pulling down and rebuilding with his own hands the
facade of one portion of the building, which has conse-
quently been re-erected innumerable times, though the
remainder of the edifice is sufficiently venerable. If the
candidate shrunk from this trial, there was no alternative
but to yield his claim." — Flemish Interiors.
AN ODDJFELLOW.
Kemeys Family. — G. S. S. wishes to inquire if
any Irish correspondent of " N. & Q." can inform
him who was the first of the ancient Welsh family
of Kemeys that settled in the Queen's County,
and founded the very respectable house of Kemmis
there ? Was the first Kemmis a follower of Crom-
well ?
King's School, Chester. — I am desirous to
make known, through the medium of " N. & Q.,"
that I am collecting materials for a history of this
school, and that I shall be happy to receive com-
munications from all who may be able and willing
to assist me in niy labours. The field is, in every
respect, an unploughed one ; hence the greater
necessity for intelligent labourers to aid me in the
task. Old " King's Boys," whether educated on
" the foundation " or as private pupils, are invited
to contribute their quota of information, especially
anecdotes of the school or its more distinguished
scholars, at their earliest convenience, to
T. HUGHES.
4. Paradise Row, Chester.
Brewers Will. — I have seen somewh'ere or
other that in a brewer's will it was directed that
his heirs should always keep a cask of ale and
drinking vessel on the public road, for the free
use of all travellers. Can you tell me whether
this bequest is attended to, and where the ale is ?
HUMIUS.
Family of Brydges. — Can any of your readers
give me any information respecting the family of
Brydges, more particularly of that branch of the
family settled in Gloucestershire and Hereford-
shire ? Who are, or were, the descendants of
Anthony, third son, and also of the younger sons,
of John Brydges, 1st Lord Chandos ? After
which of the family are Brydges and Clrandos
Streets, Coven* Garden, and Chandos Street,
Cavendish Square, named? Any information
will be thankfully received. R. C.
Judge Jessopp. — C&n any of the readers of
" N. & Q." inform me if there was a judge of the
King's Bench or Common Pleas of this name,
about the middle of the last century ? or how I
should be able to ascertain the fact, and obtain
particulars of his history and family ? I believe
he was a Derbyshire man. J. B.
Cavendish Club.
Dr. Bloxam f — A book is before me entitled
" A Collection of Receipts in Physic, being the Practice
of the late eminent Dr. Bloxam : containing a Complete
Body cf Prescriptions answering to every Disease, with
some in Surgery. To which are added by the Editor a
General Account of the Operations of all Kinds of Medi-
cines : also Occasional Remarks, Directions, and Cautions,
suited to the different stages of Distempers, in order to
render this Work particularly useful in Families. The
Second Edition. London. *8vo. Printed for Lockyer
Davis at Lord Bacon's Head, near Salisbury Court, Fteet
Street, MDCCLIV,"
250
NOTES AND QUERIES.
S. N° 39., SEPT. 27. '56.
The editor, whose naipe does not appear, gives
no account in the preface of " this eminent phy-
sician lately dead," any information respecting
whom will be most welcome to MAGDALENENSIS.
JHmrrr CfhterieS fcntf)
" Etitis"— What is the stone Etitis, mentioned
by Aristotle ? T. W. W.
Brighton.
[^Elites, or Eagle-stone, is a flint, or crustated and
hollow stone, found in slates of our common pebbles ; it
rattles on being shaken, and contains a nucleus. Many
miraculous properties were attributed to it by the an-
cients; such as the prevention of Abortion, the'discovery
of thieves, &c. There is also an idle popular story, that
the female eagle (aeros, whence its name, aetites), takes
up this stone into her nest, while she is sitting, to prevent
her eggs being rotten. They are at first soft, and become
hard by their exposure to the atmosphere. Near Trevoux,
in France, they are very numerous. — Ency. Metropoli-
4ana. ]
Rhyming Dictionary. — Has there ever been
published a Dictionary to assist poets in the se-
lection of rhymes ? If there has not, I should
think it would be a good " spec " for some of your
learned correspondents to undertake the manu-
facturing of one. If one has been published, per-
haps you can inform me who is the publisher and
the price of it. C. J. DOUGLAS.
inq, Spelling, and Pronouncing, 8vo., Lond., 1775; and
Bysshe's Art of English Poetry, with a Dictionary of
Rhymes, 5th edit., 2 vols., Lond., 1714.]
Quotation wanted : " Thinking" 8fc. — Who is
the author of these lines ?
" Thinking is but a useless waste of thought,
For naught is everything, and everything is naught."
ANON.
[The lines are from The Rejected Addresses, from
Cui Bono, a poem in which Byron was cleverly imitated,
and run thus :
" Thinking is but an idle waste of thought,
For nought is everything, and everything is nought."]
Wills, a Portrait Painter. — About the middle
of the last century flourished a painter of the
name of Wills, and on one of Faber's mezzotints
(1748), I observe that he is called T. Wills. I
have a letter, written in 1764, signed James Wills,
who, by the subject of his communication, was
evidently a painter also. Query, Whether there
were two painters of this name flourishing about
the same time ? Were they father and son, or
otherwise connected ? When did they die, par-
ticularly T. Wills ? PATONCE.
[A notice of the Rev. James Wills, portrait painter, will
be found in Pilkington's Dictionary of Painters, by Allan
Cunningham.]
HUMAN SKIN TANNED, ETC.
(2nd S. ii. 68. 119. 157.)
The Royal Infirmary at Bristol boasts of a
valuable anatomical museum, formed by the late
Mr. Richard Smith, who was senior surgeon of
that institution from 1796 until his decease, which
took place at Clifton, Jan. 24, 1843. He was
one of the leading men of his day, as well known
for his high professional character and attainments
in metropolitan circles as he was in his own neigh-
bourhood. In the west of England he might be
termed " the Bristol Cheselden," quaint and
curious, a frequent contributor on historical sub-
jects to the Gentlemaris Magazine, as also to Felix
Farley's Journal, a local paper imbued with much
of the spirit of Sylvanus Urban. His contribu-
tions to these serials exhibit neither inconsiderable
merit nor inaccurate research. Amongst his
peculiarities, Mr. Smith had almost a morbid
curiosity in criminal cases; a trait of character
that may be veiled as a love of forensic medicine.
This is well seen in his museum, — a small but
sombre apartment containing a valuable collec-
tion of pathological and anatomical preparations.
Amongst them, an assortment of calculi, well
arranged and clearly catalogued, is second, I be-
lieve, to none in value and interest. The most
striking feature, however, indicating the bias of
the founder's mind, is the memorabilia of criminals
who have expiated their crimes upon the scaffold,
and contributed to science by yielding their bodies
to the scalpel. Articulated skeletons of these
seem to grin the more horribly from the juxta-
position of the fatal cap and rope. Whilst to
complete the scene, relics of the victim lie near in
the shape of fractured vertebra or battered and
trephined skull. Amidst other subjects none is
more interesting than that of John Horwood. He
was a youth of eighteen, the first criminal hanged
at Bristol New Drop, April 13, 1821, for the mur-
der, under aggravated circumstances, of his sweet-
heart, Eliza Balsum, at Hanham, by hurling a
stone at her. In a case against the wall of the
museum hangs the skeleton of this malefactor.
Near it lies a book compiled by Mr. Smith, evi-
dently "con amore," in which are enshrined the
most minute details of the murder. And I ven-
ture to say that a peep into it will repay the
curious for the scrutinising research displayed,
worthy a nobler theme. Cuttings from news-
papers : — the actual indictment ; briefs of the
counsel ; correspondence, of which I give a speci-
men below ; broad-sheets in the Catnach style,
not excepting prints of the judge, the chaplain,
pencil sketch of the corpse, chart of phrenological
development, and disquisition, &c., altogether
forming a collection that exhausts the repulsive
2nd S. N° 39., SEPT. 27. '56.]
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
251
subject and displays in a marked manner the
penchant of the compiler. This collection of
Horwoodiana is half-bound in folio, and on the
back is a label (about 6 in. by 3 in.) of the human
cuticle tanned. It is somewhat of the texture of
light-coloured Russia leather, with tooled border
lines in gold, as ornament, " a skull and cross-
bones " stamped in each corner, and the following
inscription in old English character, also gilt :
" Cutis Vera
Johannis fforwood."
A memorandum within the book sets forth that
" the bones were macerated and the skin tanned
at the infirmary." Bearing upon a topic that of
late has been much before the public mind, whether,
in the words of a defunct Edinburgh reviewer,
capital punishment cannot be made "dull as well
as deadly," may I insert the following correspon-
dence which passed upon the occasion of Hor-
wood's execution ? It distinctly shows what dread,
what thrilling fear, that sad sequel to an ignomi-
nious death, the dissecting-room, produced upon
the lower manifestations of human character.
The solicitors concerned in the above case,
Messrs. Browne and Watson, made a feeling ap-
peal to Mr. Smith to obtain a remission of the
latter part of the sentence, as contained in the fol-
lowing copy of the receipt, &c., given to the
sheriffs, for the body :
" The delivery of Our Sovereign Lord the King's Gaol in
the City and Co'unty of Bristol, of the Prisoners in the said
Gaol being held in the Guildhall in and for the said City
and Co., on Saturday the 2nd April, 1821, before George
Hilhouse, Esq., Mayor ; Sir Robt. Gifford, Knight, Re-
corder, and others their Associates Justices assigned, &c.
" John Horwood, convictd of the wilful murder of Eliz.
Balsum.
"Let him be hanged by the neck until he shall be
dead, and let his body be delivered to Mr. Richd. Smith,
of the City of Bristol," Surgeon, to be dissectd and anatom-
ized."
" Received this 13th day of April, 1821, from Thomas
Hassell and Rob4. Jenkins, Esqs., Sheriffs of the said City
of Bristol, and Co. of the same City, the body of the
above- named John Horwood, deceased, for the purposes
mentioned in the above Fiat or sentence.
RICHARD SMITH, Surgeon."
A second appeal* on behalf of the parents of
Horwood elicited the following rejoinder :
" Gentlemen, 15 April, 1821.
" I have placed before the surgeons of the Infirmary
your second letter respecting the body of John Horwood.
We have in consequence reconsidered the matter in the
most serious and deliberative manner ; and I am under
the unpleasant necessity of saying that we can see no
reason for altering the opinion expressed to you in a
former communication. The father and brother of the
unfortunate malefactor have probably informed you that
I have had with them at my house this morning a most
painful interview, and certainly if I had permitted my
. feelings to have assumed the "mastery over the sense of
duty in this miserable affair, the tears of so respectable an
old man would, as far as I was personally concerned, have
prevailed and forced me to yield to his solicitations. I trust,
however, that even this afflicted parent, went away satis-
fied with the rectitude of the motives which alone actuated
the surgeons, and convinced that they were prevented from
being free agents by a due sense of the obligation due
from them to their fellow-citizens. I need scarcely, gen-
tlemen, point out to you, that although I am alone named
in the order of the Court, yet I consider myself in trust
for my brethren conjointly ; and that I do not feel at
liberty to act without their concurrence. Allow me also
to observe that an attentive and unprejudiced considera-
tion of the wording of the Warrant to the Sheriffs, and
the guarded Receipt, which I was under the necessity of
giving, appear to me imperative as to the fulfilment of
the latter part of the sentence. It is, as you know, not
merely for dissection that it was delivered to me by the
Magistracy, but to be anatomized, — the real meaning
and intent of which can scarcely be misunderstood. How
far the body might be legally given up for interment I
shall not take upon me to determine (although it must be
conceded that the Act of Parliament is very strongly
featured), yet after the obligation incurred by the con-
ditional Receipt given to Mr. Ody Hare, the Under- Sheriff,
I cannot but feel myself morally bound to complete its
intentions. It is therefore clear to me, that after having
given to the Professional Students of Bristol, and to as
many Gentlemen as may please to honour me with their
presence, a summary course of Lectures, the remains
ought to be formed into a skeleton, and deposited by the
side of the two unfortunate Infanticides who after execu-
tion were delivered to the late Mr. Godfrey Lowe, for the
same purpose a few years since. The Surgeons, Gentle-
men, feel fully satisfied that you have on your part done
only your duty in your strenuous endeavours to alleviate
the mental sufferings of your client; and they trust that
in return you will give them credit for acting upon no
other principles than those which ought to actuate all
persons holding public situations.
" I remain, Gentlemen,
" Your most obedient servant,
"To RICHARD SMITH.
" Messrs. Browne and Watson."
Stratagem was resorted to in order to remove
the body from the gaol ; for the friends of the
criminal had mustered in strong force, and lay in
ambuscade, with a determination to rescue the
body from the surgeons. Mr. Smith, in his MS.
book, details very graphically the personal risk he
ran in conveying the corpse to the infirmary.
Here the senior surgeon, through its medium, ex-
emplified the functions of the circulation and
respiration in a course of lectures " ad populum."
F. S.
Churchdown.
I find from an article in Chambers's Papers for
the People, entitled "The Microscope and its
Marvels," that at the meeting of the Microscopical
Society, on April 26, 1848, a most curious paper
was read by Mr. J. Quekett, upon the application
of the microscope to a very singular sort of anti-
quarian research :
" Early in the month of April, 1847, Mr. Quekett was
asked by Sir Benjamin Brodie whether it were possible to
determine if skin which had for many years been exposed
to the air were human or not? He replied in the af-
252
NOTES AND QUERIES.
S. NO 39., SEPT. 27. '50.
firmative if any hairs were present. It was then men-
tioned that Mr. Albert Way was very desirous of ascer-
taining whether certain specimens of skin stated to have
been taken from persons who had committed sacrilege,
and which for centuries had been attached to the doors of
churches, were unequivocally human. Subsequently, a
communication from Mr. Way, containing a specirifen of
skin, together with an account of the tradition which
narrated the circumstances of its having been taken, was
made to Mr. Quekett. The tradition, which resembles
many others of a similar kind, exists in Worcester, that
a man having been caught in the act of committing rob-
bery in the cathedral, was flayed, and his skin nailed
upo'n the doors as a terror to the sacrilegious. The doors
have recently been replaced by new ones, but they are
still to be Seen, and a portion of the skin which was
found under the iron hinges and clamps of the door was
submitted to microscopical examination. With a power
of a hundred diameters, it was found that the skin was
really human, as it had two hairs on its surface, and very
probably the unfortunate wretch from whom it had been
taken had light hair. A piece of skin, traditionally given
to a Danish pirate, existed for nine hundred years on a
door of a church in Essex. In 1848, the microscope re-
vealed the fact, that it was in all probability taken from
the back of the Dane, and that he too was probably a
light-haired individual."
A more singular application of this instrument
than that in question can scarcely be imagined.
Besides showing its great scientific value in bringing
to light otherwise hidden truths, these specimens
establish the wonderful power of skin and hair to
withstand for centuries atmospheric influences,
and serve to point out that, next to the bones,
they are the most durable parts of the human
frame. JOHN PAVIN PHILLIPS.
Haverfordwest.
While at Leyden, in 1818, I remember seeing
in a museum, amongst Boerhaave's surgical col-
lection, a pair of lady's shoes, with high heels,
made of human leather from the skin of a man
who had been executed. The nipple was placed
as an ornament in front of the instep.
HENRY STEPHENS.
In addition to the various instances already re-
corded in " N. & Q.," permit me to add another.
In 1829 the now notorious William Burke was
executed at Edinburgh for the murder of several
individuals, whose bodies he afterwards disposed
of^to a surgeon for dissection. A portion of his
skin was tanned. It was very thick, of a dark
blue colour, and much resembled that of Morocco
leather. I remember well that the publisher of
Burke's Trial at the time had a good piece of it,
which he cut up and gave to various of his friends,
f I mistake not, a portion of it will be found
amongst the extraordinary collection of papers,
&c. &c., relating to Burke and Hare which was
formed for the late Sir Walter Scott, and is now
in the library at Abbotsford. T. G. S.
Edinburgh.
COCKER S ARITHMETIC.
(1st S. Xi. 57.)
PROFESSOR DE MORGAN is apparently inclined
to throw grave doubts on the genuineness of this
oft-referred-to manual ; and would rather, we are
led to infer, ascribe its authorship to John Haw-
kins, who, " it seems, as soon as the breath was
out of Cocker's body, constituted himself his
editor and continuer." For the sake of compar-
ing dates, it may be noticed that the period of
Cocker's death is not exactly known, but your
learned correspondent fixes it between 1671 and
1675.
I have now the " Second Impression " of the
AritJimetick before me, printed in 1679, which
bears on the title-page, in reference doubtless to
the original publication of the work, — " Licensed
Sept. 3. 1677. Roger L'Estrange." After a
Dedication " To his much honoured Friends Man-
wering Davies of the Inner Temple, Esquire, and
Mr. Humphry Davies of St. Mary Newington
Butts, in the County of Surry," follows an Ad-
dress "To the Courteous Reader," subscribed
" Thine to Serve thee John Hawkins ; From my
School near St. George's Church in Southwark,
Nov. 29. 1677," wherein the writer says, without
in any way intimating that " Cocker had been
dead some time," as stated by the author of the
article in the Penny Cyclopaedia, " I having the
happiness of an intimate Acquaintance with Mr.
Cocker in his life time, often solicited him to re-
member his Promise to the world of Publishing
his Arithmetick, but (for Reasons best known to
himself) he refused it, and (after his Death) the
Copy falling accidentally into my hands, I thought
it not convenient to smother a work of so con-
siderable a moment, not questioning but it might
be as kindly accepted as if it had been presented
by his own hand." This Address further informs
the reader that he may speedily expect the publi-
cation of Cocker's " Decimal Logarithmetical and
Algebraical Arithmetick." It is succeeded by
what professes to be "Mr. Edward Cocker's
Proeme or Preface," to which his name is attached,
but no date. It is a quaint, pedantic, self-lauda-
tory composition, and, as a specimen of its style,
I quote from it the concluding sentences :
" For you the pretended Numerists of this vapouring
age, who are more disingenuously witty to propound un-
necessary questions, than ingeniously judicious to resolve
such as are necessary. For you was this book composed
and published, if you will deny yourselves so much as to in-
vert the streams'of yotfr ingenuity, and by studiously con-
ferring with the Notes, Names, Orders, Progress, Species,
Properties, Proprieties, Proportions, Powers, Affections,
and Applications of Numbers delivered herein, become such
Artists indeed, as you now only seem to be. This Arith-
metick ingeniously observed, and diligently practised will
turn to good account to all that shall be concerned in Ac-
compts. All whose Rules are grounded on Verity, and
deliver'd with sincerity. The examples are built up
2nd S. N° 39., SEPT. 27. '56.]
NOTES AND QUEEIES.
253
gradually from the smallest consideration to the greatest.
All the Problemes or Propositions are well weigh'd, per-
tinent and clear, and not one of them throughout the
Tract taken upon trust ; therefore now,
" ' Zoilus and Momus lye you down and dye,
For these inventions your whole force defy.' "
Now, although this Preface can scarcely be the
production of the same hand which wrote the pre-
ceding Address, still there is nothing in all this
which militates against the doubts of PROFESSOR
DE MORGAN that Cocker was the author of the
Arithmetick, which Hawkins gave to the world in
his name. This, however, is only half the case,
and I would now request attention to so much of
the remainder of it as is drawn alone from the
contents of the book before me.
The Preface is followed by a Certificate and a
Commendation. Upon the latter I do not lay
any particular stress ; but the former, to my
mind, offers strong, if not wholly conclusive, evi-
dence that Hawkins was, in truth, simply what
he professed himself to be, the publisher only,
and not the writer, of the manual in question. I
transcribe these documents in extenso :
" Courteous Reader. Being well acquainted with the
deceased author, and finding him knowing and studious
in the Mysteries of Numbers and Algebra, of which he
had some choice Manuscripts, and a great Collection of
Printed Authors in several Languages, I doubt not but
he hath writ his Arithmetick, suitable to his own Pre-
face, and worthy acceptation, which I thought to certifie
on a request to that purpose to him that wisheth thy
welfare, and the progress of Arts.
" JOHN COLLINS.
« Novemb. 27th, 1677.
" Tiiis manual of Arithmetick is recommended to the
World by us whose names are subscribed, viz. :
Mr. John Collins, ~i
Mr. James Atkinson, vMath.
Mr. Peter Perkins. J
Mr. Rich*. Noble of Guilford,
Mr. Rich. Laurence, Sen." And twelve others.
Passing over the latter of these documents,
which, though not wholly unimportant, only re-
motely touches the point at issue, by offering a
negative testimony to the fact that its subscribers,
at any rate, believed the Arithmetick to be tne
genuine work of Cocker, I would insist upon the
consideration that Collins, a well-known and
honourable man, an early F.R.S., and the friend
and correspondent of the most celebrated mathe-
maticians of the day, would not certainly have
given the sanction of his name to such a declara-
tion as the above, if he had not been personally
cognisant of the entire circumstances of the case.
He was, unquestionably, as well acquainted with
Cocker's handwriting as he was with his mathe-
matical attainments, and could not have been
deceived, either in whole or in part, in the matter ;
for, be it observed, this manual was professedly
left complete and ready for the printer by its al-
leged author, and Collins only does not expressly
say that it was seen by him, in such form, during
Cocker's lifetime. Nor can the idea be for a
moment entertained, that Hawkins, with the cer-
tainty of immediate detection and exposure, forged
this certificate ; for Collins did not di'e until 1683,
after the fourth, if not the fifth, edition of the
Arithmetick had been published.
I may add that my copy, though partially in-
jured by damp, and much soiled by the unwashed
hands of its former possessors, is, as applies to the
letter-press, quite perfect from " Title-page to
Colophon." It numbers 334 pages ; and on one
of its weli-scrawled-over fly-leaves, we have,
" Samuell Winn his booke ann. 1690.
" Whosoever on me look,
I am Samuel Winn his booke ;
And whatsoever on me you say,
I pray you bear me not away ;
For here my owner did me lie
And will come fetch me by and by."
At the end is an advertisement by the publisher,
setting forth that " there is in the Press, and will
be speedily published Mr. Cocker's Decimal Arith-
metic," &c. " As also his Artificial or Logarith-
metical Arithmetic," &c. "To which will be
added his Algebra," &c.
It is also made known that " on Rotherith-wall,
against Cherry garden stairs, are taught Arith-
metick, Geometry," &c., " by James Atkinson,"
the second name in the foregoing list.
There are likewise the bookseller's advertise-
ments of Kersey's Algebra, Newton's English
Academy, and Cocker's Morals.
WM. MATTHEWS.
Cowgill.
BATH CHARACTERS, 1808.
(2nd S. ii. 172.)
The following is a key to the characters, and
the author of the work is still living :
Ramrod. Mr. King, M. C. New Rooms.
Sir Gregory Croaker. Sir George Colebrooke, who suf-
fered by a speculation in alum, personified as " Pshaw
Alum," p. 23.
Rattle. Captain Mathews.
Mrs. Vehicle. Mrs. Carr.
Bufo. Mr. Balthoe.
Signora Rattana. Miss Wroughton.
Sir Clerical Orange. Rev. Mr. Lemon.
Lady Lofty. Lady Belmore.
Dr. Vegetable. Dr. Gardiner.
Dr. Fuddle. Dr. Gibbes, afterwards Sir Geo. Gibbes.
Mixum. Mr. Bowen, apothecary.
Rev. Mr. Chipp. Rev. Mr. Wood.
Bow- Wow. Rev. Mr. Bowen.
Dick Sable. Rev. R. Warner.
Drawcauxir. Dr. Daubeney, D.D.
Gaffer Smut. Rev. Stafford Smith.
The Gemini, Messrs. Boissiers.
Counsellor Morose. Counsellor Morris.
Dr. Skipper. Dr. Sheppard,
254
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2"d s. N° 39., SEPT. 27. '56.
Lord Patterboard. Lord Peterborough.
Dick Merriman. R. Brinsley Sheridan.
A Little Linnet. Miss Ljnley.
Cercle Le Sas. Mr. Le Bas, M.C. Old Booms.
Miss Speakplain. Miss Stamer.
Dr. Mixall. Rev. Dr. Maxwell.
Lady Nettle. Mrs. Leslie. «
Mrs. Broadbottom. Mrs. W. Prideaux.
Old Hircus. Rev. Mr. Moreshead.
Madame de Vittarois. Mrs. Villiers.
Lady Carmine. Lady Burton.
Dr. Borecat. Dr. Burkitt.
Dr. Sourcrout. Dr. Crawford.
Lady Orange. Mrs. Lemon.
Z>r, Turbot. Dr. Murray.
.Dr. Jbrfws. Dr. Perry.
Mr. Gripes. Mr. Foster.
Dr. Vellum. Dr. Falconer.
Dr. Harmony. Dr. Harrington.
-4 Worthy Citizen. Mr. Dawson, compounder of "Daw-
son's Lozenges."
Mr. Type. Mr. Meyler, printer of the Bath Herald.
Dr. Fleecem. Dr. Moysey.
Sir Timothy Humbug. Unknown.
Lord Ghastly. Unknown.
Resin. Rauzzini.
Catsquatti. Madame Catalan!.
Col. Mitten. Col. Glover.
Sqmntum. Mr. Sabatier.
Billy Sonnet. Rev. W. Bowles.
Meed. Mr. Mead.
Dr. Vineyards. Dr. Haweis.
His Lordship of the Fens. The Bishop of Lincoln.
With one exception (the Rev. R. Warner) all
the above are dead. ANON.
DEATH AT WILL.
(2ml S. ii. 147.)
An account of the case of Colonel Townshend
may be found in A Dissertation on the Disorder of
Death ,• or that State of the Frame under the Signs
of Death called suspended Animation, fyc., by the
Rev. Walter Wither, Rector of Hardingham,
Norfolk, 1819, 8vo., p. 179., where it is quoted
from Dr. Cheyne's English Malady, p. 307. The
latter work I have not seen, but Mr. Wither gives
Dr. Cheyne's own words, and from the manner in
which the story is told there seems no reason to
doubt its truthfulness. Another instance of the
power of dying at will is given in the same book :
" There is a curious story of a French girl, Mary Isa-
bcau by name, who had acquired the art of dying to such
a pitch of dexterity, and was so addicted to its exhibition
in the most perfect state, that she suffered herself to be
carried from her home three times, in order to be interred,
before she could persuade herself to exert her craft in the
process of her own revival. Nay, so determined was she
in doing justice to the perfection of her art, that at the
third time of the exhibition she remained under the
semblance of death till the bearers were actually letting
her down into her grave. According to the sequel of the
story, when she really died, as it is expressed, her friends
kept her unburied for the space of six days, a most ex-
traordinary time in the customs of France, that the de-
lusion, if any such should be then practised, might flatter
as little as possible the vanity of the artist, and that her
recovery might take place under circumstances which
would afford her the least cause for laughing at their
mistake."
The reference at the foot of the page is to
" the English work on the Uncertainty of Death,
p. 95." Mr. Wither is never very clear in his
references, but the book he means in this case is,
I doubt not, The Uncertainty of the Signs of
Death, and the Danger of Precipitate Interments
and Dissections demonstrated, Sfc., a second edition
of which was published in 1751.*
A friend of mine who has long been resident in
India, has assured me that he has heard from the
most credible witnesses of a person there who has
not only simulated death, but permitted himself
to be buried for a considerable period. I do not
remember the exact circumstances of the case,
but believe full details may be found in any of the
principal Indian papers of about four years ago.
The heads of the case were, if I mistake not,
quoted into several of our own.
Dr. Herbert Mayo, in his work on Popular Su-
perstitions, explains the horrible stories that are
current concerning Vampyrism, by the supposi-
tion that the persons whose bodies were considered
vampyres had, in fact, been buried alive while in
a trance sleep.
Members of the medical profession usually
speak of premature interment as if such an acci-
dent were almost, if not altogether, impossible ;
it therefore does not become one who has no pre-
tension to a scientific knowledge of the subject to
maintain a contrary opinion. It may, however,
be remarked that the matters connected with it
are so frightful, that most persons, even those best
qualified for its investigation, have been deterred
from giving it the consideration which so serious
a matter requires. K. P. D. E.
Dr. Cheyne (2nd S. ii. 148.) — Dr. George
Cheyne, in* 1733, published a well-known book
called The English Malady, or a Treatise of
Nervous Diseases of all Kinds, &c. &c. Among
the cases in the third part (p. 307. &c.) is that of
the Hon. Colonel Townshend, which has been fre-
quently quoted, and may be found at length in
the Life of George Cheyne, M.D., Oxford, 1846,
small 8vo. M. D.
PORTRAIT OF SWIFT.
(2nd S. ii. 21. 96. 158. 199.)
P. O. S. says that " C. inferred very naturally
from G. N.'s statement, that there was an edition
of Swift's Works prior to that of 1735 ;" but it is
See « N. & Q.," 2nd S. ii. 103.
S. N° 39., SEPT. 27. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
255
hardly exact to say that I drew such an inference —
it was not a matter for inference, but of fact.
G. N. stated that he possessed "an edition of
Swift's Works by Faulkener, dated 1734." I could
not venture to deny positively the existence of a
volume which G. N. stated that he had in his hand,
but I expressed as clearly as civility allowed a
doubt as to the accuracy of the statement, which,
it now turns out, was erroneous in the most im-
portant particulars. G. N., it appears, has been
puzzling himself and us about (as P. O. S. has
shown) an odd and mutilated volume of the very
commonest edition of "Swift's Works" not worth
6d. on any book-stall.
And so this bubble bursts ; but it seems to me
worth special notice as a warning to all of us,
contributors to "N. & Q.," to be scrupulously and
minutely accurate in propounding the matters
submitted for discussion.
1 . If G. N. possessed, as he stated, any edition
of Swift's by Faulkener, it must have been a
piracy : for Faulkner never so spelled his name.
2. If G. N". possessed, as he stated, " an edition
of Swift's Works" dated 1734, it would be unique
and a great literary curiosity.
3. If the plate in G. N.'s volume had been, as
he states, " a good likeness, and altogether a well-
executed subject," it could hardly have been mis-
taken for one that seemed to me "a very poor
performance," and which P. O. S. calls a " misera-
ble portrait"
4. If G. N. had not stated and restated that his
plate has not the letters " Vert, nor any engraver s
mark," on the face of it, it would have been at
once identified as the plate of Faulkner's edition
of 1735 ; and P. O. S., and I, and the readers of
" N. & Q.," would have been spared this ridicu-
lous discussion de land caprind. C.
PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.
Photographic Portraits. — The Series of Portraits of
Men of the Time, which Messrs. Maull and Polyblank are
issuing under the title of Photographic Portraits of Living
Celebrities, increases in interest as it proceeds, and will
form a work which generations yet to come will turn over
with great curiosity. Three more numbers have been
issued. No. 3. furnishes us with a good portrait of that
most eminent engineer, Robert Stephenson ; in No. 4. we
have a characteristic, but far from flattering, likeness of
one of the most original- minded and independent-spirited
men in the House of Commons, Mr. Roebuck ; and No. 5.
puts before us a life-like picture of Sir Benjamin Brodie,
with that expression of calm self-possession which one
should look for in the head of a profession in which that
quality is so eminently called for.
Death of Mr. Leachman. — It is with great regret that
we announce to our photographic readers the death of Mr.
John Leachman, whose contributions to the photographic
department of our First Series, though not very numerous,
occupied him many hours in chemical research and in-
vestigation, and were of great value and interest. Mr.
Leachman's acquaintance with chemistry and its applica-
tions was profound and accurate ; he had been a pupil of
Graham's at University College, and was subsequently an
ardent student at the College of Chemistry, under Mr.
Hoffman ; and his contributions to " N. & Q." brought
him in communication with the first chemists in the
country. He died at Margate on Friday, Sept. 19, after a
short but severe illness (bronchitis followed by rheu-
matic neuralgia), brought on by lying on damp grass.
He is interred at St. Peter's Church,' Isle of Thanet.
to JHCnar <&tterfe£«
What is a « Pisayn ? " — In " N. &. Q.," 1st S.
i. 101. 236. 266. 299. there occurred some corre-
spondence on this matter, but no satisfactory ex-
planation of this term in ancient armour was
elicited. MR. T. HUDSON TURNER (now, alas ! no
more) states that he has his own " conjecture on
the subject," but does not give it, contenting him-
self with demolishing SIR S. MEYRICKL'S assertion
that it was formed of "over-lapping plates." I
have lately met the term " pisayn " coupled with
a habergeon, or short shirt, of mail in the " Rental
of Gerald Earl of Kildare " (Harleian MS. 3756.),
where the earl, in 1514, records his gifts of "ha-
berions " and " pisayns " to various persons, thus :
" Itm to OKerroll a haberion et a pisayn." Query,
Was a pisayn the camail or gorget of mail found
sculptured on Irish monumental effigies of this
period ? JAMES GRAVES, Clk.
Kilkenny.
Sandys' Ovid (1st S. xii. 372.) — I beg to in-
form your correspondent that I have an edition of
Geo. Sandys' translation of Ovid's Metamorphoses,
the preface of which is exactly similar to that
quoted by MR. BLACKWELL, except that it is
called " this second edition " instead of " this the
second," &c. This edition is dated 1640, so that
there were two editions, both called the second,
one dated 1632, and another 1640.
The dedication is also substantially the same as
MR. BLACKWELL'S copy, except that instead of
" Laurels" in my copy it is " travels " (i. e. tra-
vails). C. J. DOUGLAS.
Reason and Understanding, according to Cole-
ridge (1st S. v. 535. 590.) — At the first reference
I asked some questions on this subject, which
CASPAR, at the second reference, was kind enough
to answer. That answer was based on the fol-
lowing assertion, viz., that according to Coleridge,
" Instinct is distinguishable in degree from under-
standing, reason is distinguishable from it in hind."
Now I am far from admitting that even on this
assumption (for it is nothing more) CASPAR has
succeeded in resolving the apparent contradictions
involved in Coleridge's statements ; but in point
256
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd S. N° 39., SEPT. 27. '56.
of fact that assumption is positively rebutted by
Coleridge himself, in the following words :
"Likewise, we distinguish various degrees of under-
standing there, and even discover from inductions sup-
plied by the zoologists, that the understanding appears,
as a general rule, in an inverse proportion to the instinct."
It is obvious that if, as CASPAR explains Coleridge,
instinct and understanding are merely different
degrees of the same faculty, an inverse proportion
could not exist between them ; the perfection of
the one could not be the absence of the other.
C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY.
Birmingham.
Sidney Montagu (2nd S. ii. 211.) — Sidney
Montagu, about whom MR. HOPPER inquires, was
the sixth and youngest son of Sir Edward Mon-
tagu, Knt., of Remington in Northamptonshire,
by Elizabeth, eldest daughter of Sir James Har-
rington, Knt., of Exton, who is mentioned by
Bridges (History of Northamptonshire, vol. ii.
p. 402.) as the old blind Lady Montagu. Sidney
Montagu having gained the esteem of James I.,
whom he served as Groom of the Bedchamber,
was knighted by the king in 1616, and in the fol-
lowing reign became Master of the Court of Re-
quests. He died in 1644, and left issue by his
wife Paulina, daughter of John Pepys of Cotten-
ham, Edward Montagu, created Earl of Sand-
wich in 1660. B.
Slavery in England (2nd S. ii. 187.) — A re-
markable illustration of the collars borne by negro
slaves in England may be seen in the bust of the
favourite slave of William III. at Hampton
Court ; the head of which is of black marble, the
draping round the shoulders and chest of veined
yellow marble, while a carefully carved white
marble collar, with a padlock, and in every respect
made like a dog's metal collar, encircles the throat
of the favourite slave of the champion of British
liberty ! G. M. Z.
Unedited Letter from Dean Swift (2nd S. ii.
182.) — This letter is not unedited. It is to be
found in Scott's edition of Swift, xv. 465. ; but
the name of the person to whom it is addressed is
left in blank. There is a slight variance between
the copies : in that in Scott, Swift desires the
answer to be addressed to " Erasmus Lewis at
Lord Dartmouth's Office, Whitehall;" in the letter
in "N. £ Q." it is "Lord Dartmouth's house"
From this I guess that the copy of " 1ST. & Q." is
not from the original autograph. C.
The Nine Churches at Chilcomb, near Winches-
ter (2"d S. ii. 165.)— Your correspondent MR.
B. B. WOODWARD evidently confounds the an-
cient and extensive manor of Chilcomb with the
present diminutive parish of the same name, when
he questions the accuracy of the statement in the
Domesday Book that the said manor contained
nine churches. The manor comprised the whole
of the possessions of the monks of Winchester in
the vicinity, and was assessed at the enormous sum
of 104/., and it still continues the most valuable
property belonging to the dean and chapter, the
successors of the said monks, and extends over
nine parishes, namely, Chilcomb, Ovington, Mor-
stead, Winnall, St. Faith, Compton, Week, Spar-
sholt, and Littleton, all of which probably pos-
sessed a church in the reign of the Conqueror, and
of which all, with the exception of St. Faith, do at
present.
The manor is now known by the name of Barton,
and as such appears in the Taxation of Pope JVi-
cholas, 1292 ; but the reason why in the Domes-
day Booh it is designated Chilcomb is, that the
greater portion of the land of the manor-farm, still
known as Priors Barton, was situated in the present
parish of Chilcomb. The mansion was, and is,
in the parish of St. Faith, but when the Chilcomb
part was separated from that of St. Faith, it ob-
tained the title of New Barton, by which it is
still known. The Domesday Book states that
there were four mills at Chilcomb, and it is singu-
lar that is the exact number which are still exist-
ing in the manor of Barton.
It is also remarkable that in the Domesday Book
we have the extent southward of the Chilcomb
manor, noticed as being held by Ralph de Mor-
timer at Otterbourn, the manor of which still ad-
joins that of Chilcomb. HENRY MOODY,
Curator of the Winchester Museum.
Winchester, Holy Cross.
Duchess of Fitz- James (2nd S. ii. 210.) — The
following statement will, I hope, afford the in-
formation sought by MR, M. A. LOWER. James
Fitz-James, a natural son of James II. by Ara-
bella Churchill, sister of the celebrated Duke of
Marlborough, was created in March, 1687, Duke
of Berwick-upon-Tweed, with other titles of lower
degree. Upon the abdication of his father he
retired into France with him, and took service in
the armies of Louis XIV. : the subsequent career
of the Duke of Berwick is matter of history, and
I need not enter upon it here. The duke was at-
tainted in 1695, when the Dukedom of Berwick,
and the minor English honours, became extinct.
By Philip V. of Spain he was created Duke of
Leria and Xerica in that kingdom, which titles
were inherited by the issue of his first marriage.
In 1710 he was created by Louis XIV. Duke of
Fitzjames and a peer of France, with remainder
to the issue of his second marriage ; and from such
second marriage is lineally descended the present
Due de Fitz-James, now resident in Paris. The
lady named in the inscription in the window of
the church at Rouen was, I believe, the grand-
2*» S. NO 39., SEPT. 27. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
257
mother of the present duke, a daughter of the
house of Choiseul-Gouffier. MR. LOWER will find
further information in Burke's Extinct Peerage,
under the head of " Fitz-James, Duke of Ber-
wick," and in the Annuaire de la Noblesse de
France for 1844 and 1852. The right of the
present duke to bear the arms of England is no
doubt derived through the grant made to his an-
cestor when the Dukedom of Berwick was created.
JAS. CROSBY.
Forensic Wit (2nd S. ii. 168. 238.) — Accord-
ing to my tradition, the lines were addressed to
Garrow — " Garrow forbear," &c. Which is cor-
rect, Pell or Garrow ?
" On Serjeants-at-Law.
" The Serjeants are a grateful race,
Their robes and speeches shew it,
Their purple robes all come from Tyre,
Their arguments go to it."
" On two Physicians attending in the Court of Chancery.
" Two learned doctors took their stand
At Chancery's lingering bar :
They go not to the Comm on Pleas,
For there Recoveries are."
Who does not remember Shakspeare's play
upon fines and recoveries ?
" Is this the fine of his fines and recovery of his re-
coveries to have his fine pate full of fine dirt." — Hamkt,
Act V. Sc. 1.
Modern legislation has made an end of finee,
and doctors may now go to the Commpn Pleas, for
there recoveries are not. j. W. FARRER.
The. Greek Cross (2nd S. ii. 190.) — This term
is applied to the form of the Greek X (cfa'), the
initial letter of XpiVros (Christ) ; whilst the term
Latin cross is given to the form of the obelisk f,
the representation of the cross of Christ. The
form of the Greek cross as given by your corre-
spondent (T), with the lower transverse bar
placed diagonally, indicates " Christ on the cross,"
and is rudely equivalent to a crucifix, this bar
placed across the upright shaft forming the letter
X for Christ.
The supposition of the Russian priest, that the
Saviour's feet were not nailed to the cross, has no
foundation in fact. The Psalm (xxii.) which our
Saviour repeated on the cross, commencing " My
God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me ? " con-
tains in the 16th verse the expression " they
pierced my hands and my feet," and in Luke
(xxiv. 39, 40.) Jesus refers to his hands and feet
to identify himself to his disciples as the cru-
cified Saviour. Both Gregory Nazianzen and
Cyprian concur in the nailing of the Saviour's
feet, differing only as to whether one nail or two
were used ; the latter, however, who affirms that
a nail was driven through each foot, is the better
authority, as he had personally witnessed cruci-
fixions* (Jahn, Archceol. iii. s. 260.); and he is
confirmed by Plautus (Mostellaria, ii. i. 12.).
" Ego dabo ei talentum, primus qui in crucem excucurrerit :
Sed ea lege, ut affigantur bis pedes, bis brachia."
Compare Tertullian against the Jews, c. 1. and
against Marcion, iii. 19. T. J. BUCKTON.
Lichfield.
As I was looking through a very fine Greek
Psalter of the eleventh century in the British
Museum, I found a miniature of the crucifixion,
in which was the curious bar for the feet men-
tioned by your correspondent A. P. GVG., but in
this case it was horizontal ; still no doubt for the
same purpose. The feet however were not tied ,
but nailed separately, which is usual in Greek
paintings, though in Western examples we usually
find one nail piercing both feet.
JOHN C. JACKSON.
17. Sutton Place, Lower Clapton.
Rev. Thomas Crane (2nd S. ii. 124. 233.) —
G. N. will find a biographical notice of the Rev.
Thomas Crane in the continuation of Dr. Calamy's
Account of the Ejected Ministers, pp. 421, 422., or
in Palmer's Nonconformists' Memorial, which is,
in fact, a new edition of Dr. Calamy's work re-
arranged with additions, the second edition (in
three vols. 8vo., 1803) being the best. From this
work of Dr. Calamy, which is the chief depositary
of information concerning the later Puritan di-
vines, the brief notice of Mr. Crane copied by
G. N. was evidently taken. The place at which
he settled was Beaminster, Dorset (not Bed-
minster). JOSHUA WILSON.
Tunbridge Wells.
Nearsightedness (2nd S. ii. 149. 236.)-— Near-
sightedness is not so uncommon among the vulgar
as fine ladies and gentlemen suppose, and some of
them would probably " affect the defect " less as-
siduously if they knew that the " purblindness"
of the lower classes was very often nothing more
than short sight. It is not so conspicuous among
the poor because they do not mitigate it by a glass,
and seem to be unacquainted with any spectacles
but magnifyers for the aged. In those parts of the
country where hand-loom weaving or any other
occupation requiring a long sight is practised, to
be " purblind " is considered a very serious dis-
advantage. P. P.
Origin of Tennis (2nd S. ii. 210.) — With a ball,
and a wall, and a hand of five fingers, you have
the game of fives ; with a bat of wood, and then a
raquet, and two side walls, you have it on a larger
scale. With a double fives court, and a roof on
it for protection against the weather, you have
* " Clavis sacros pedes terebrantibus, fossisque mani-
bus."— Cyp., De Passione Cliristi, cxxviii. (Paris, 1726.)
258
NOTES AND QUERIES.
N° 39., SEPT. 27. '56.
long fives, still sometimes played in the tennis
courts, and then the* game of long fives made a
game of refined skill is tennis. The name is
French, said to be a corruption of " tenez." Pent-
house is "appentis,"a lean-to roof. Grill*, the
grated opening. Dedans, the interior, a place
where spectators stand. Tambour and chaces are
both clearly French, and so are the terms deuce
and advantage, used in marking. Shakspeare
knew the language of the tennis court, but Charles
II. re-introduced the game, and it is said there
were more courts in England in his day than there
are at present. It is the game of games. See also
" N. & Q.," 1st S. xii. 308. A. HOLT WHITE.
Mayor of London in 1335 (2nd S. i. 353. 483.
520.; ii. 213.) — Maitland gives for A.D. 1335,
Reynold at Conduyte, Mayor, in the margin at
the head of the list, putting Fabian and Arnold as
authorities.
As sheriffs in 1335, he gives Walter Mordon
and Richard Upton. The name of Watton does
not appear at or near the period.
In Stow's Survey, printed by Elizabeth Purs-
low, AD. 1633, at p. 550. is given :
"1335 The ninth.
" Walter Mordon, > «, .ff
Richard Upton, J &t
" Maior, Nicholas Watton, Reignold at the Con-
duit, Saith Grafton."
In this edition of Stow's Survey the name of
the mayor is clearly affixed, not prefixed. The
date of the year and reign, then the sheriffs, then
the armorial bearings of the mayor, and his name
as mayor under. The ninth year of Edw. III.
was from Jan. 25, 1335, to Jan. 24, 1336.
G. H. D.
I am not quite sure that I rightly apprehend
MR. E. S. TAYLOR'S meaning, when he says : " No
mention is made of Wotton. The discrepancy in
the authorities quoted is very extraordinary, but
I think a reference to Stow, beginning at the com-
mencement of the reign, will show that the above
gives his list correctly, at any rate."
The number in which my former note occurs is
packed up for the binder ; but in it I certainly
mentioned that my edition of Stotc (which appears
to differ from MR. TAYLOR'S in other particulars
also) does mention "Richard Wotton" as mayor,
between the dates 1335 and 1336, as those dates
stand in the margin ; at all events, for the same
year in which Walter Morden and Richard Upton
were sheriffs. It is evident, therefore, that Stow's
Chronicle underwent revision and some con-
siderable alterations between these two small
black-letter editions. J. SANSOM.
*lNolo episcopari" (2nd S. ii. 155. 197.) — The
origin of this saying is, I presume, to be found in
the fact that for several centuries, sometimes from
pious diffidence, at others assumed modesty,
episcopal and the papal dignity too had to be
forced upon those who were elected or nominated
to the high office ; who would resort to subter-
fuge, conceal themselves, and even accuse them-
selves of unchastity, nay, of deadlier sins, to avoid
the burthen sought to be thrust upon them. In
Milner's History of the Church may be found
many instances of this ; and in his account of St.
Ambrose in particular, the pious and amiable his-
torian is exceedingly scandalised by the falsehoods
which the saint told in order to escape being
elected to the Archbishopric of Milan. In short,
Nolo episcopari became the fashion, — just as our
Speakers of the House of Commons used to go
through the farce of being forced into the chair
after their election. So that the phrase, I take it,
originated in the customary practice rather than
in any formal or ceremonial disavowal. DELTA.
The words, " who does modestly refuse it at
first," &c., down to the end of the paragraph
quoted by ARTERUS from Chamberlayne's Present
State of England (editions, London, 1700, 1704),
are omitted in the twenty-fifth edition, London,
1718, which may intimate, at least, that Chamber-
layne had then discovered the denial to be out of
use. Yet the authority of Prynne, as quoted by
EDWARD Foss, fully justifies his question in
p. 155., which yet remains unanswered.
P. H. F.
Ancient Monastic Libraries (2nd S. i. 485.) —
Milton's Priory of Penwortham (Chetham Society)
contains a list of above 100 vols. belonging to the
Abbey of Evesham, temp. Richard II. ANON.
Longevity (2nd S. i. 452.) — The following epi-
taph upon a tombstone lately erected in Mucross
Abbey, near Killarney, Ireland, is curious, and
may be thought worthy of a corner in " N". & Q."
" Erected
By Dan1 Shine,
In Memory
of His Father
Owen Shine,
Who deParted
This Life April
The GTH 1847,
Aged 114 yrs.
Pray for him."
The capitals are copied exactly as they appear
on the stone. T. J. ALLMAN.
Thanksgiving Day in the United States (2nd S.
ii. 198.) — Em FRAGER, with reference to a pas-
sage in an American work, " They arrived in New
York on Thanksgiving Day, Dec. 8, 1842," asks,
" Why is Dec. 8. termed Thanksgiving Day ? "
All the States composing the Union observe one
day yearly — the governor of each State fixing
that day, year by year, ad libitum — as a day of
2»d S. NO 39., SEPT. 27. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
259
thanksgiving for all mercies vouchsafed ; and
whichever day may be chosen, it is kept through-
out the State with much more homeside rejoicing
than even Independence Day, July 4. In fact,
Thanksgiving Day may be said to correspond —
whatever may be the season annually selected for
the celebration — with our Christmas Day, being
a time of family and friendly meeting, and of
general reconciliation in cases ^ of interrupted
intercourse from misapprehensions and petty
quarrels. Each State may choose a ^different day,
so that it is within the verge of possibility for one
and the same person to keep it in all of them,
year after year. The custom originated with the
early Puritan settlers, and is, undoubtedly, " more
honoured in the observance than in the breach ! "
DELTA.
"As tight as Diclts Hatland" (2nd S. ii. 189.)
— May not this be an allusion to Richard Crom-
well, who might be said to have found the pressure
of his father's hat too heavy for him, and his hat-
band too tight? His sobriquet of "Tumble-
down Dick " may be in some way connected with
this saying, for at the time of the restoration of
Charles II., the signs of Richard Cromwell were
in some instances turned upside down ; and per-
haps in others a ha-sty crown was painted encir-
cling the brows, so as to give it the appearance of
the king. G. M. Z.
Matthew Gwinne, M.D. (2nd S. ii. 189.) — The
following particulars, from a source not generally
accessible, the records or annals of the Royal
College of Physicians, I have much pleasure in
placing at MR. KNOWLES' service :
"Dr. Gwinne was admitted a Licentiate of the College,
Sept. 30, 1600 ; a Candidate, June 25, 1604 ; and a Fellow,
Dec. 22, 1605. He was seven times Censor, namely, in
1608-9-10-11-16-17-20 ; was appointed Registrar, Dec. 22,
1608 ; and again Sept. 30, 1627. He became one of the
Elects of the College Jan. 23, 1623-4; and died, as Wood
correctly states, in 1627, not as Ward would have us be-
lieve in or after 1639. The grounds of Ward's statement
were examined by Aikin, and shown to be inconclusive."
— Biographical Memoirs of Medicine, p. 222.
The documents from which I write prove that
Dr. Gwinne actually died in October or Novem-
ber, 1627 ; for at the annual election of officers
for that year (Sept. 30), Dr. Gwinne was ap-
pointed Registrar, and on the 20th of November
next ensuing, Dr. Fox (son of the Martyrologist)
was nominated to that office " in locum defuncti
Dris Gwinne." W. MUNK, M.D.
Finsbury Place.
NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.
We have to call the attention of our readers to a book
of very considerable importance, the firsWolume of which
has just been published under the title of Cathedra Petri :
a Political History of the Great Latin Patriarchate,
Books I. and II., from the First to the Close of the Fifth
Century, by Thomas Greenwood, M. A., &c., Barrister-
at-Law. In the preparation of the work, published
by him some years since, on the early History of the
Germans, the author was struck with certain charac-
teristics in the history of the Roman Pontificate, which
seemed to him to point out the principal sources from
which Papal Rome derived the vitality which has sus-
tained it to the present time. As his researches proceeded,
and he sought to reduce the vast mass of his materials to
their natural order, he came to the conclusion that all
active living opinion is matter of historical fact, and
capable of being treated like all other facts, without in-
quiry into the dogmatic propriety of the theological
grounds upon which it was based. The work has conse-
quently been undertaken in this spirit. The author pro-
poses to investigate the facts of which he treats by rules
applicable to all matters of fact ; to assign to them their
true historical character; to consider them in their rela-
tion to the social and moral state of the world, and espe-
cially to submit the political element in the Papal scheme
to more particular consideration ; to bring that element
into its natural connexion with the religious scheme;
and in the end, to leave it to the reader to form his own
conclusions as to the validity of the Papal claims, as he
may deem them maintainable upon purely historical
testimony. Mr. Greenwood's work, of which the volume
now issued is a first part, is complete in manuscript
down to the close of the great contest of investitures in
the thirteenth century. If printed in its present form, it
would fill at least five volumes of equal bulk with the
first ; and if called for by the public, provided health and
life be granted, is proposed to be completed in the same
number of years by annual volumes. Such is as con-
densed a notice as we can give of a work which assuredly
deserves the attentive perusal of all who feel an interest
in the important subjects to which it is devoted. What-
ever may be the opinion of Mr. Greenwood's readers as to
the correctness of his views, all will, we are sure, admit
that those views are the result of much laborious inves-
tigation, of much learned and patient research.
Our correspondent, MR. C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY, M.A.,
has just published a little volume designed to form the
basis of class-instruction in the science of Theoretical
Logic. It is entitled Outlines of Theoretical Logic,
founded on the New Analytic of Sir William Hamilton.
And the author expresses a hope that he may be instru-
mental in giving logic a place in the curriculum of Cam-
bridge studies, and removing from her a stigma as dis-
graceful as it is peculiar. As we lay no claim to the
character which Butler gives his hero, of being —
" . . in Logic a great critic,
Profoundly skilled in Analytic," —
we must content ourselves with calling the attention of
our readers to MR. INGLEBY'S little volume.
" A literary treasure has turned up," says The Athe-
nceum of Saturday last, " no less than a second copy of the
first edition of Hamlet — the quarto of 1 603 ! During the
week, an Irish bookseller has been mysteriously hawking
about London this precious work, which has hitherto pos-
sessed the rarity of a manuscript. The only known copy
belonged to the Duke of Devonshire, — and was reprinted
a few years ago. As most readers know, the Devonshire
Hamlet is imperfect, wanting the last leaf. The second
copy also wants a leaf, — happily, not the last, but the
first — the title-page. We have now, therefore, a com-
plete copy of the original text of Hamlet ; and the newly-
260
NOTES AND QUERIES.
NO 39., SEPT. 27. '56.
recovered leaf contains, we are told, a new and important
reading. Of course, many, hearts are sore at missing such
a treasure. It found its*ay,- howefer, into the possession
of Mr. Boone, the bookseller,- in Bond Street, — at the
cost, we believe, of 70/., — and, subsequently, into the
hands of a well-known and indefatigable Shakspearian
collector, for the moderate price of 120/. We should have
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NOTES AND QUERIES.
261
LONDON, SATURDAY, OCTOBER 4, 1850.
LETTERS OF GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS IN BEHALF OF
PATRICK RUTHVEN, AND A GLIMPSE AT THE
NATURE OF HIS MEDICAL PRACTICE.
The letter of Gustavus Adolphus, soliciting the
favour of Charles I. towards Patrick Ruthven,
which you published in your 2nd S. ii. 101., has
opened up a new source of inquiry respecting the
last of the Gowries. Allow me to propose a
Query with reference to it : — Can any one give
me information respecting the first letter written
upon this subject by Gustavus Adolphus to
Charles I. ? This first letter is stated in the
letter of the & October, 1627, which you have
printed, to have then been written "some two
years ago;" and the accuracy of that date is
farther shown by a reference to the letter in
question — that is, to the first letter — in a letter
of Mead to Stuteville, dated October 8, 1625.
After mentioning a proposal made by Gustavus
Adolphus to Charles I. to march in person into
the empire, Mead adds :
« Another suit of the King of Sweden to ours was in
behalf of Mr. Ruthven, that he might be restored to the
honours of his predecessors." — Court and Times of
Charles /., vol. i. p. 51.
Any information respecting this first letter,
written about October 1625, will be highly es-
teemed.
Another point which at present occupies atten-
tion, with reference to this unfortunate victim of
! King James's suspicion, may perhaps fall within
the special literary province of some of your
readers. If so, the following Query may meet
with a ready answer.
Among the many curious books of combined
cookery and chemistry which were extremely com-
mon amongst our ancestors of the seventeenth
and eighteenth centuries, one was ' called The
Lady's Cabinet enlarged and opened. I have an
imperfect copy of this work, entitled :
" THE LADY'S CABINET ENLARGED and OPENED
containing many rare SECRETS, and Rich ORNAMENTS, o
several Kinds and different Uses. Comprised under three
General Heads :
1. Preserving, Conserving, Candying, &c.
2. Physick and Chirurgery.
. 3. Cookery and Housewifery.
" Whereunto is added, Sundry Experiments, and choice
Extractions of Waters, Oyls, &c., collected and practisec
By the late Right Honourable and Learned Chymist, Th
LORD RUTHUEN. The Fourth Edit, with Additions
and a particular Table to each Part. London : Printec
by G. Bedel and T. Collier, at the Middle Temple Gate i
Fleet Street, 1667."
A prefatory address, " To the Industrious Im
provers of Nature and Art ; especially the ver
<*
uous Ladies and Gentlewomen of this Land,"
igned M. B., insists strongly upon the endeavours
lade by the writer to render the work acceptable
o its purchaser :
But hearing," he continues, "in the mean time, of
ertain rare Experiments and choise extractions of Oils,
Yaters, &c., the practice of a Noble Hand and of ap-
roved abilities (to testifie how ready I am to further
ngenious undertakings in this kind), I have with much
ains and some charges sought after, and at length
appily purchased them for you. All which, with the
ddition of many other secrets of several kinds (and
hope of valuable concernment), I have so incorporated
ogether, if I may so say, and methodically digested, that
hey may be the more easily and profitably improved."
These observations distinctly and specially ap-
ly, in the volume now before me, to the fourth
edition ; but on reference to a copy of the second
edition, published in 1654, now in the British
Museum, I find precisely the same words in the
Preface to that book, with the exception of
second" for "fourth" in the allusion to the
number of the edition. Now my Query is : How
often were these " Experiments of Lord Ruthven"
reprinted ? The first edition seems to have been
Dublished in 1654. The second may perhaps be
nferred, from the date of an address from " The
Stationer to the Reader," reprinted in the edition
of 1667, to have been published in 1657. The
third was published in 1667. Were there any
others ? I should also like to be informed who
was M. B., the compiler of the book ?
As the subject of my communication has brought
before us this little volume of the Lady 8 Cabinet
enlarged, it may not be unacceptable to your
readers if I mention a few of the strange things
which it contains.
I may bring down upon myself the ridicule of
readers better versed than myself in'gastronomy
and its annals, if I admit that much of the lan-
guage of this book is new to me. I have here, for
example, learnt what our ancestors, with some ap-
proach to profanity, termed a " Manus Christi."
The thing occurs frequently. Careful housewives
are directed to reduce this and that to the con-
sistency of a Manus Christi, or, as it is sometimes
expressed, to "boil it to" that "height." The ex-
pression simply meant a syrup ; but there seems to
have been some superstition mixed up with it, for
I find in another little book of the same kind,
termed The Lady's Companion, that if sugar be
boiled to sugar again, "as it drops from your
spoon, the last drop will have a hair or string
from it as fine as a hair on your head." That
state of sugar was termed Manus Christi : a state,
I would remark, which is perfectly familiar to
every boy who has ever dropped treacle on his
bread.
Again, I was foolish enough not to understand
what was meant by " a Quidony," whether of cher-
ries, quinces, pippins, or " raspices." It seems to
262
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd g. N° 40., OCT. 4. '56.
have been the fruit boiled to the consistency of
jelly.
" Jumbols" was new to me ; and I beg to say,
that, after much study of the following descrip-
tive jumble, its meaning still remains undisco-
vered. Your readers may be more successful.
" To make Jumbols.
" Of almonds being beaten to paste take half a pound,
•with a short cake being grated, and two eggs, two
ounces of carraway seeds being beaten, and the juice of a
lemmon ; and being brought into a paste, roul it into
round strings, then cast it into knots, and so bake it in
an oven ; and when they are baked, ice them with rose-
water and sugar, and the white of an egg, being beaten
together; then take a feather and gild them, then put
them again into the oven, and let them stand in a little
while, and they will be iced clean over with a white ice;
and so box them up, and you may keep them all the
year."
A "March-pane" I had heard of; but a
" Paste Royal," whether white or red, or of spices,
was quite new to me. I now understand it to mean
a jelly ; but if Mrs. Rundell or Dr. Kitchener
has asserted the contrary, I yield the point with-
out a murmur. For truth to tell, to my appre-
hension, M. B. is not the most lucid of writers.
I find some difficulty in forming a clear concep-
tion of the " Dia Citonicum (as it is called), but
rightly Dia Cidonium" "What the comfit-makers
use, and call sucket- candy" I have a notion of;
but what on earth is meant by " Canalonians ? "
Caledonians and Thessalonians are the nearest
approach I can make to them ; but I do not sup-
pose tli at either of those people would allow you
to " gild them, and put them into your store," and
not draw them out " till they be dry."
An infinity of other words are sore puzzles to
me ; but not to expose my ignorance too much,
let us proceed from the words to the things, and
give a glance at that part of the book which is
attributed to " Lord Ruthven."
The exact limits of his lordship's labours are
not very -well defined, and perhnps I may give to
him some things to which he is not entitled. But
that will not be of much moment. That he really
did practise physic is well known ; and since I
formerly wrote upon the subject, I have found an
additional evidence of the fact in the Diary of Sir
Henry Slingsby. He speaks of Patrick Ruthven,
under the date of 1 G39, as ^
"Mr. Ruthen, a Scottish gentleman of the family of the
Lord Gowers [Gowrics], who had made it [.sic] his study
in the art of physic to administer help to others, but not
lor any gain to himself." — Slingsby's Diary, edit. Par-
sous, 8vo. Oxford, 183G, p. 48.
"Doctor Stevens his water" is a recipe of so
great value that Lord Ruthven might well place
it proudly in the fore-front of his collection. All
the tierbs in the kitchen-garden, and all the con-
diments in the cook's spice-box, went to its con-
coction, but its great foundation was " a gallon
of Gascon wine." Distilled altogether, its powers
were marvellous. " It preserveth youth," and,
" using but two spoonfuls in seven days, it pre-
served Dr. Stevens ten years bed-rid, that he
lived to 98 years." Whether the Doctor ought
to have been grateful, who shall say ? Ladies,
whom it preserved in everlasting beauty, evidently
ought to have been so.
Our ancestors, like ourselves, practised the manu-
facture of mineral waters : instead of Brighton
Seltzer and London Vichy, Lord Ruthven gives
recipes for making Tunbridge water and Epsom
water — "so that the smell or operation will scarcely
be discerned from the original." We are told also
how to make a " Malago wine," and a home-made
Claret, no doubt quite as good as some of our
modern Sherry and Bordeaux.
A sad tale is told in the multitude'of the noble
lord's prescriptions against consumption. The
painful subject is rendered almost ludicrous by
the extraordinary character of his suggested re-
medies.
Glimpses occur of practices which must have
belonged to a period even then past : for example,
a peculiar oil of cream is recommended by his
lordship as a cure for "the gout in a hawk's leg."
But the greatest oddity in this book, and in all
these books, is the way in which all nature was
subjected to the art of the chemist and the phy-
sician. The notion seems to have been that every-
thing in the world was endued with some curative
power, and strange were the means taken to get at
it. Herbs, of course, were universally used ; and
they were cut, dried, bruised, pounded, ground,
stamped, beaten, burned, chopped, and mangled
in varieties of ways. Ladies whose ferneries are
the delight of their eyes, and not unjustly so, may
here learn some of the many healing virtues which
their great-great-grandmothers are said to have
found in Polypody of the Oak, in Hart's Tongue,
and Maiden-hair. But, in truth, when in want
of a remedy nothing seems to have come amiss,
whether it was vegetable or animal. " Take," says
Lord Ruthven, " two dozen or twenty swallows
out of the nest," add rosemary leaves, lavender,
cotton and strawberry leaves, stamp them all to-
gether, and fry them all in May butter, or salad
oil, and you have a sovereign remedy " for all
aches." "Worms of the earth" were "good for
bruises;" deer's suet, hen's and duck's grease,
the pith of an ox's back, a white flint stone made
red-hot, and then immersed in ordinary beer,
boar's grease, the sole of an old hose, goose dung,
the marrow of an ox's leg, the lungs of a fox, a
rotten apple, an ox's paunch, frogs, eyes of crabs,
droppings from a candle, snail-shells, and mice-
dung, are among the articles in Lord Ruthven's
pharmacopoeia. But snakes, adders, and vipers
seem to have been the ultimate resorts of his me-
dical science. " Take of the biggest and fairest of
NOTES AND QUERIES.
263
them which you can get in June or July, cut off
their heads, take off their skins, and unbowel
them;" and then, having played a variety of
other antics with them, you have a medicine of
" extraordinary virtue." " It cures the falling-
sickness, strengthens the brain, sight, and hear-
ing, and preserveth from gray hairs, reneweth
youth, cureth gout and consumption, and is very
good in and against pestilential infections." In
another place we are assured that oil of snakes
and adders, which we are taught to make in the
clearest possible way, performs wonderful cures in
recovering hearing in those that be deaf. " It's
reported," remarks his lordship, " that some have
been cured that were born deaf by using this oil."
There are a good many plague recipes. One
will bear extracting, and shall close our paper :
" Take a live frog, and lay the belly of it next the
plague sore ; if the patient will escape, the frog will burst
in a quarter of an hour : then lay on another ; and this
you shall do till more do burst, for they draw forth the
venom. If none of the frogs do burst, the party will
not escape. This hath been frequently tried. Some say
a dried toad will do it better."
I fear many of your readers will not thank me
for encroaching on your pages at such length, and
with matter so trite. JOHN BRUCE.
5. Upper Gloster Street.
MR. MORGAN S " NORTH WALES AND TELFORD.
Mr. Morgan, in Part I. of his work, now in
course of publication, while dwelling on the many
sources of attraction and interest presented by
the Northern Principality, observes that, " of the
most remarkable achievements of modern scien-
tific labour, four are situated in North Wales,
within a few hours' visit of each other : the Slate
Quarries of Penrhyn, the New Harbour of Re-
fuge at Holyhead, the Suspension and Tubular
Bridges on the Menai." (Introduction, p. iv.) In
strictness no exception can, perhaps, be taken to
this statement ; but does it not exclude works of
science of the highest interest, in omitting to enu-
merate the Aqueducts of Pontycyssylltau and
Chirk spanning the historic vales of Llangollen
and Ceiriog*, which their great engineer, Telford,
* " Aye, many a day,
David replied, together have we led
The onset — Dost thou not remember, Brother,
How in that hot and unexpected charge,
On Keiriog's bank, we gave the enemy
Their welcoming —
And Berwyns' after strife ? "
Southey's Madoc.
" 1165. The king gathered another armie of chosen
men, through all his dominions, England, Normandy,
Anjow, Gascoine, Guyen, sending for succours from
Flanders and Brytain, and then returned towards North
in just pride caused to be engraved as his chefs-
d'ceuvre on his seal ? * It may be that the last con-
tribution of Telford's genius, his last offering to the
engineering glory of his country, his Menai Bridge,
as also the Tubular Bridge of Robert Stephenson,
are more imposing in structure and object ; but
in architectural grace and proportions, in the
charm produced by combined airy lightness and
strength, they certainly do not surpass their elder
sisters of Denbighshire, the rivals of the famed
Pons Trajani of Alcantara. It may be doubted
also whether the latter do not offer as high
claims to engineering skill, having regard to
the less advanced science of the period of their
construction. Would not Robert Stephenson, —
himself, the most just and generous of men, — be
the first to acknowledge the claims of his great
predecessor in the spirit which inspired the noble
avowal of Newton to his rival Hooke : " If I have
Wales, minding utterlie to destroy all that had life in
the land : and coming to Croes Oswalt, called Oswald's
Tree, encamped there. On the contrarie side, Prince
Owen, with his brother Cadwallader, with all the power
of North Wales; the Lord Rees, with all the power
of South Wales ; Owen Cyveilioc [Prince of Powys-
Wenwynwyn,] and the sonnes of Madoc ap Meredith
[last sovereign of Powys, viz. Griffith Maelor, Lord of
Bromfield, ancestor of Owen Glyndwr, and the chivalrous
Owen Brogyntyn, Lord of Edeirnion, progenitor of the
Hugheses of Gwerclas, Barons of Kymmer-yn -Edeirnion],
with the power of Powyss ; and the people betwixt Wye
and Seavern gathered themselves together, and came to
Corwen in Edeyrnion, proposing to defend their country.
But the king, understanding that they were nigh, being
wonderfull desirous of battell, came to the river Ceirioc, and
caused the woods to be hewn down. Whereupon a number
of the Welshmen, understanding the passage, unknown
to their captains, met with the king's ward, where were
placed the picked men of all the armie, and then began a
note skirmish, where diverse worthie men were slaine on
either side; but in the end the king wanne the pas-
sage, and came to the Mountain of Berwyn [Edeirnion],
where he laid in camp certaine days, and so both armies
stood in awe of each other : for the king kept the open
plains, and was afraid to be intrapped in straits ; but the
Welshmen watched for the advantage of the place, and
kept the king so straitle that neither forage nor victual
might come to his camp, neither durst any soldiery stir
abroad. And to augment their miseries there fell such
raine that the king's men could scant stand upon their
feet upon those slippery hills. In the end the king was
compelled to return home without his purpose, and that
with great loss of men and munition, besides his charges.
Therefore, in a great choler, he caused the pledges eie?,
whom he had received long before that, to be put out ;
which were Rees and Cadwalhon, the sonnes of Owen;
and Cynwric and Meredith, the sonnes of Rees, and
other." — Powell's History of Wales.
* " Telford, who o'er the Vale of Cambrian Dee,
Aloft in air, at giddy height upborne,
Carried his navigable road, and hung
High o'er Menai's Straits the bending bridge ;
Structures of more ambitious enterprise
Than minstrels in the age of old romance
To their own Merlin's magic lore ascribed."
SOUTHISY.
264
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd S. NO 40., OCT. 4. '56.
seen further, it is ly standing on the shoulders of
giants /" ?
The author of Raymond de Monthault, not to
mention Mr. Morgan's learned theological works,
may well afford this reference to a slight omis-
sion in a work conceived in the very spirit of the
history, legends, and traditions of the Cymri ; and
which', — with a fine imagination and poetic sus-
ceptibility, great felicity of expression and graphic
narrative in the legendary tales, — exhibits an ac-
quaintance and sympathy with Cymric archseo-
logy and literature, aided by an extensive classical,
oriental, and Scandinavian erudition to which few
among us can lay claim.
SlON AP GwiLLYM AP SlON.
Inner Temple.
IMPROVISED ITALIAN VERSES ON A DREAM, BY
NICCOLINI.
" £) ! !6nnten nm* Me
Srfiume alter junge
SOZdbcfyen belaufcfyen,
rote melen fuj'fen
©efyetmmffen iDurben
ttrir auf tie €?pue
f ommen ! "
The unpublished Italian lines improvised by an
eminent living political writer, poet, and dramatist
of Tuscany, Giovanni Battista Niccolini, author of
Pkilippo Strozzi and Arnaldo da Brescia, which
I introduce to the notice of the readers of "N". &
Q.," are connected with — and apart from their
intrinsic beauty owe their interest to— a " romance
of real life " which within the last few weeks has
been realised in the land of poetry and love :
" il bel paese
Ch' Appenin parte e '1 mar circonda e 1' Alpe."
. . . . . " wo tie Gntronen blufyn
3m bunleln fiaub bie ©olbs£5rangcn glftyn/
(Sin fanfter SBinb oom blauen .grimmel iueijf/
SDic SDtyrte fKtt, unb fyocfy bee Sovbeer jfefyt."
An English gentleman, my kinsman and friend, —
the beau-ideal type of the noblest characteristics
of his patrician class, whom to know is to love and
honour, — visiting Italy some years ago established
himself where
" Arno wins us to the fair white walls,
Where the Etrurian Athens claims and keeps
A softer feeling for her fairy halls."
After a protracted residence in Florence, my
friend learnt from his servant, a native of that
city, that, constrained by the " angusta? res domi "
and other family calamities, it had become neces-
sary to provide an asylum for his sister, like him-
self, lowly in station and uneducated :
" Ancor sul fiorir de primavera
Sua tenerella ; "
almost a child in years, but developed by the
glowing sun of the South into the fulness and
maturity of womanly form ; on whom nature, in
the absence of other dowry, had showered in
dazzling, subduing splendour "the fatal gift of
beauty," — a gift which had already inspired
ardent admiration, royalty even deigning to offer
respectful homage to female fascination enshrined
in this humble child of the people.
By the intervention of my friend a more fitting
arrangement than that contemplated was effected^
and Diomira, such was her name, found a home
with a respectable family: visiting her brother
occasionally at the house of an Italian gentleman,
of whom my friend was for a short period the
guest, she conciliated the esteem and partiality
of his wife and daughters, and gradually became
domesticated in their family circle. Of this circle
the Tuscan poet, to whom I have referred, was one
of the most distinguished ornaments; and thus
Diomira became known to the poet's brother, an
Italian count, a military officer of rank, holding
high ministerial office in the Archducal govern-
ment and possessing extensive estates. Madame
de Stael, " cette femme prodigieuse qui dans le
roman, la littcrature, la politique, sut analyser
comme un philosophe, sentir comme un artiste,
et juger comme un homme d'etat," but to whom
beauty and feminine grace had been denied, as-
signed to them so high a rank that she would, she
observed, for those of her lovely friend, M*. Re-
camier, give in exchange all her own talent ; and
Diomira affords a confirmation of this estimate
entertained by the illustrious daughter of Necker.*
* A striking instance of the susceptibility to beauty
of intellects of the highest order, capable of resisting
other powerful forms of influence, was given by Tycho
Brahe. .Though passionately devoted to the astrono-
mical investigations which have rendered his name illus-
trious— rivalling those of his predecessor Copernicus, and
of his contemporaries Kepler and Galileo — and ardently
ambitious of scientific fame, he withheld from publication
for a considerable period his observations on the star of
Cassiopeia, which had excited in the highest degree the
interest of astronomers, lest he should disparage his no-
bility ! (Tychonis Brahei Vita, Gassendi, 4to, 1654.)
But the deference to aristocratic prepossession thus re-
markably evinced proved powerless against the fascina-
tion of the peasant girl, whom, despite the indignation of
his family and the Danish nobles, he made his wife, —
Christina, "welche einige fur eine Bauerstochter von
Knudstrup, andere fiir die Tochter eines Pfarrers an-
geben." (Tycho Bralie geschildert nach seinem Leben,
&c., von Helfrecht. Hof. 1798, 12. p. 34.) This author
adds, p. 35. : " Wahrscheinlich hatte er sich mit dieser
Person schon vor der Verehelichung in allzunahe Ver-
traulichkeit eingelassen, weil ihm schon den 12 October,
1573, eine Tochter, nahmens Christine, geboren wurde,
welche nach drey Jahren wieder starb, und in ihrer
Grabschrift in der Ivirche zu Helsingborg filia naturalis
gen emit wurde." This offers a striking parallel to Gothe,
of whom aristocratic reserre and hauteur became the
most striking feature, who had also his Christine, humble
in origin, the mother of his children before she became
his wife.
2nd S. N° 40., OCT. 4. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
265
Unchilled by the frost of years, the aged count
became captive to the attractions of Diomira.
Again my friend's protection was interposed.
The noble suitor was induced to settle an ade-
quate provision on the object of his admiration,
should he not claim her hand by a specified
period, and in the interval she was to seek the
seclusion of a convent. Availing herself of the
opportunities of improvement presented by the
convent, aided by the intuitively quick percep-
tion, deep sentiment, and artistic taste indigenous
to Italy, even in its humblest sons and daughters,
Diomira rapidly supplied the defects of original
education. To her inherent beauty, sweetness of
disposition, and purity of heart, adding the charms
of cultivated intellect and refined accomplish-
ments, her empire over the noble count was con-
firmed ; he resigned his military rank and office
of state, and Diomira is now his honoured and
happy countess.
The verses, which I have thus prefaced, were
suggested by Diomira having been disturbed from
sleep by a band of military music passing along
the street. Rallied by the poet, who with my
friend was present, on the interruption,, by the
music, of a dream to which her features had, he
asserted, given expression, she invited him to em-
body the incident in verses. On the moment he
improvised them, and, — at once reduced to writing,
— they were given to my friend.
" Sulla Diomira addormentata mentre passa una
Banda di Soldati.
" Non la destb un suon guerriero
Mentre vinta e dal Sopor ;
Forse un Nume al su' pensiero
Offre i Sogni dell' amor ;
E pel volto le diffonde
Un amabile rossor ;
Quel desio che si nasconde
Sotto il velo del pudor.
"SMaggio, 1855."
SlON AP GwiLLYM AF SlON.
Inner Temple.
THE NEW ATALANTIS.
I was informed by the editor that a distin-
guished literary character, now deceased, had
mentioned the above work to him as containing
some account of the current scandal relative to
Lord ^ Halifax and Newton's niece. Though on
examination I found this was not the case, yet, as
others may have the same impression as the
editor's informant, it may be worth while to de-
stroy the grounds of it.
The Memoirs and Manners of several Persons
of Quality of both Sexes, from the new Atalantis,
came to its second edition in 1709, in two volumes.
Watt does not mention the date of the first edition,
nor is there, I believe, a copy of it in the Museum.
The authoress was Mrs. De la Riviere Manley,
daughter of Sir Roger Manley, Governor of
Guernsey. This demirep — to give her a name
exactly as much above her deserts as it is below
those of an honest woman — has the excuse, ac-
cording to her own account, of having been de-
ceived by a fictitious marriage, and then deserted,
by her cousin and guardian. The book is far
worse than its name would imply, even at that
date. A key accompanies at least some copies of
this second edition. The whole was republished
in 1720, with two volumes more, by the authoress,
who died in 1724. There is no key, and the ad-
ditional stories seem to be destitute of personal
allusion ; so that it would seem as if the first pic-
tures were worth money for their colouring after
the outline was lost.
Lord Halifax is described (vol. i. p. 183.) as "a
certain minister, renowned for wit, and called a
poet by all the poets (for fathering a copy of
verses, by whomever wrote) ; the Mecenas of the
age, an honour acquired with little expense, when
few or none are found to contest it with him."
This must surely have been written after the
death of Lord Dorset, in 1706. The lady then
states that this minister procured the means of
speaking to a " black lady," who made herself fair
by art, by " giving the royal musick, and best
voices," which all- the court came to hear. This
cannot apply to the niece of his intimate friend,
to whom he might have spoken any day.
Again (vol. ii. p. 264.), two persons, whom the
key sets down for Halifax and Somers, are jointly
mentioned thus : " Both have had the lucky cir-
cumstance of finding it for their interest still to
remain of the party they first fixed in." They
are then described separately. The first, who,
according to the key, is Halifax, has a seraglio
and a head sultana, who takes care to introduce
such beauty as may supply the failure of her own.
The other, whom the key contradicts itself by
stating to be not Somers but somebody else, is
Horace and Maecenas both, and was once a mar-
ried man, descriptions applying to Halifax. And
this is all that I can find. I may add that, not
trusting the key, I have looked through the two
volumes, and find nothing else which can be sup-
posed to bear on the subject. A. DE MORGAN.
HOW JURIES USED TO IAY THEIR HEADS
TOGETHER.
I have been assured by an excellent legal friend
of mine, that it used to be the custom in one of our
northern counties at the Quarter Sessions, when
the chairman had summed up, for him to conclude
his address to the jury with the advice given by
Sidney Smith to the Dean and Chapter of St.
Paul's, " to lay their heads together," with a view
266
NOTES AND QUERIES.
g. NO 40., OCT. 4. '56.
of producing the best and hardest pavement. I
am told that no sooner* were the words uttered
from the bench, " Now gentlemen, lay your heads
together and consider your verdict," than down
went every head in the box, and an official ^ap-
proached armed with a long wand. If any un-
lucky juror inadvertently raised his head, down
came the stick upon his pate ; and so they con-
tinued till the truth was struck out, in their vere-
dictum, an excellent plan for expediting business.
I remember many years since witnessing a
somewhat analogous case to this in the church at
D unchurch. I was an accidental attendant there,
and an excellent sermon was preached ; so good
a one that I am reminded of a saying attributed
to Chief Justice Tindal, who, speaking of a sermon
that he had heard a long time before, said, " It
was an excellent sermon I know ; I only forgot all
about it three weeks ago."
Notwithstanding this, the weather being very
hot, there were several parties fast asleep in dif-
ferent parts of the church. A respectable looking
man, who had very much the air of a church-
warden, bearing a long stout wand with, I believe,
a fork at the end of it, at intervals stept stealthily
up and down the nave and aisles of the church ;
and whenever he saw an individual whose senses
were buried in oblivion, he touched him with
his wand so effectually that the spell was broken,
and in an instant he was recalled to all the realities
of life. I watched as he mounted with wary step
into the galleries : at the end of one of them there
sat in the front seat a young man who had very
much the appearance of a farmer, with his mouth
open, and his eyes closed, a perfect picture of re-
pose. The official marked him for his own, and
having fitted his fork to the nape of his neck, he
gave him such a push, that, had he not been used
to such visitations, it would probably have pro-
duced an ejaculatory start highly inconvenient on
such an occasion. But no, everyone seemed
r" 2tly to acquiesce in the usage ; and whatever
they might be dreaming of, they certainly did
not dream of the infringement upon the liberties
of the subject, nor did they think of applying for
a summons on account of the assault.
I am quite aware that churchwardens are in
these days very much in the habit of stirring up
the congregations, but not exactly in the way
adopted at Dunchurch. Now, Sir, I am curious
to know whether the custom still exists in that
parish, or whether any of your correspondents
have witnessed it practised elsewhere. R. W. B.
STRYPES "LIFE OF PARKER.
In Sir Henry Ellis's Letters of Eminent Literary
Men (pp. 270, 271.) are printed letters from
Gibson and Potter to Strype, in which, as Cole
remarks, " it is curious to observe Tennison's,
Gibson's, and Potter's earnestness to suppress a
truth, for fear of giving advantage to the Papists."
In St. John's College Library we have a copy
of Strype's Parker, enriched with the notes of
Baker and Richardson. On a fly-leaf, Baker has
transcribed a paragraph which throws light upon
the letters above cited, and proves that Strype
was compelled for many years to suppress his
Memorials of Parker : —
" In a Letter from Mr Strvpe, dated Low-Ley ton.
Febr. n. 1695, thus —
" My Memorials of Parker, I believe, will hardly get
abroad, partly by reason of the bigness of it, and partly
because I suspect, the Bps. have no great mind, that
divers of the Transactions of the Reformation under Qu.
Eliz. should be commonly known. They know of the
Book, and have had some discourse among themselves
about it, wch a certain Bp., my good Friend, will, when I
see him next, inform me : whom I did desire to commu-
nicate it to the ArchBp. of Cant., and he has had the
Contents of the Chapters before him. They will be, I
suspect, a little tender, the Puritans should be medled
withall, lest it should provoke ; tho' all that I have writ,
is but matter of fact and History," &c.
J. E. B. MAYOR.
St. John's College, Cambridge.
Notes on the "Black Watch:' — In 1729-30
the government raised six companies of High-
landers, which from being unconnected with each
other were styled independent companies. To
distinguish them from the regular troops, who
from the colour of their clothes were called by the
Gael " Red Soldiers," these companies, being
dressed in their tartan, were, from its sombre ap-
pearance, called " Black Watch."
In 1739 four additional companies were raised,
and with the former independent companies were,
in 1740, formed into a regiment, and numbered
the 43rd. In 1749, in consequence of the reduc-
tion of the then 42nd regiment, the number of the
Highland regiment was changed from the 43rd to
the 42nd, which number it has ever since retained.
C. M. O.
The Bonaparte Family. — It is known that w,hen
Bonaparte had married the daughter of Francis
of Austria, the latter took some pains in having
researches made about the origin and lineage of
the Bonaparte family. But Napoleon declined to
take any notice of it, saying, " I am the Rudolph
Habsburg of my family." Still, these documents
have been partly published of late on the Con-
tinent, and exhibit a most respectable appearance.
Because, besides the known fact that the mother
of one of the Popes was a Bonaparte, the pedigree
branches off to Constantinople ; and there is no
doubt that the Bonapartes descended lineally
2nd g. No 40., OCT. 4. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
26V
from the Greek emperor. Amongst the numberless
Acts and data relating to the great Bonaparte, I
do not recollect to have heard what was the coat
of arms of the Corsican branch : and whether
there had been any change in it when they had
settled in Florence, or even sooner. In the coat
of arms line, nothing is perhaps so interesting as
the stone armorials which stood engraved on the
house where Gb'the was born at Frankfort : " a
winged lyre, surrounded by stars." Habent sua
fata lapides. J. LOTSKY.
15. Gower Street.
Legal Times of Work, Meals, and Sleep for
Artificers in the Reign of Henry VlIL — The fol-
lowing may interest some of your readers. I copy
it from a small and very old black-letter tract,
printed by " Robert Wyer for Rycharde Bankes,"
without date, entitled, —
"The Ordynal or Statut, concernynge Artyfycers,
Seruauntes, a'nd Labourers, newly prynted with dyuers
other thing therunto added."
" Item. It is enacted by ye sayd statute made in the
vi yere of kyng Henry the viii., the iii. chaptyre, that
euery artyfycer and labourer shal be at his worke be-
twene the myddes of Marche and the myddes of Sep-
tembre before fyue of the clocke in the mornynge, and
that he shall haue but halfe an houre for his brekefaste,
and an houre and an halfe for his dyner at such tyme as
he hath to slepe by the statute, and when he hath no
season to hym appoynted to slepe, then he shall haue
but one houre for his dyner, and halfe an houre for his
noone meate, and that "he departe not from his worke
tyll betwene vii. and viii. of the clocke at nyght.
" " And that from the myddes of Septembre to the
myddes of Marche, euery artyfycer and labourer to be at
their worke in the spryngynge of the daye, and departe
not tyll nyght.
" And yf that any of the sayde Artyfycers or labourers
do offende in any of these Artycles, that then theyre de-
faultes to be marked by hym or his deputy that shall
paye theyr wages, and at the wekes ende theyr wages to
be abated after the rate.
" And that the sayde artyfycers and labourers shall not
slepe in the day, but onely from the myddest of Maye
ynto the myddest of August."
Robert Wyer and Richard Bankes were printers
and publishers who flourished circa 1530. I
fancy The Ordynal, above mentioned, has escaped
the notice of Dibdin, as it is not to be found in
the list he gives of the works executed by Wyer
and by Bankes. The Ordynal must have been
published between 1530 and 1540.
HENRY KENSINGTON.
Note on Xenophon. — In the Anabasis of Xeno-
phon (lib. i. cap. 6.), Cyrus interrogates Orontes
in the following words : —
"'<VoA.o-yeis oZv, irepl
And the answer given, according to all the edi-
tions I have seen, is "*H yap avdyicn" Now this
punctuation I believe to be erroneous, for ^ yap
evidently belongs to the question, the answer
being hva-yirn only. Comp. Plat. Oorg. 449. E.,
450 C., 451. E., &c., where ?) yap closes the ques-
tion, and where it is answered by the affirmative
va\, as it is in every case in the same treatise
except three. J. O. B. CROWE, A.B.
Professor of Celtic, Q. Coll., Galway.
Belfast.
The common Soldier in Coleridge's Friend. —
Mr. Emerson, in his recently-published book on
England (p. 6.), tells us that he made inquiries
about the authorship of a passage in The Friend
(vol. iii. p. 56.), professedly taken from a common
soldier's address to his comrades. Coleridge con-
fessed that he had "filtered" the original, but
gave no exact reference. As some among your
readers may be as curious as Mr. Emerson, I give
the full title of the pamphlet from which (p. 25.
foil.) Coleridge's garbled extract is taken :
" Justice upon the Armie Remonstrance, or a Rebuke
of that Evill Spirit that leads them in their Counsels and
Actions. With a Discovery of the contrariety and enmity
in their Waies, to the good Spirit and Minde of God, De-
dicated to the Generall, and the Councel of War. By
William Sedgwick.
* But they shall proceed no further, for their folly shall
be manifest to all men.' — 2 Tim. iii. 9.
London, Printed for Henry Hils, and are to be sold at
his house over against S. Thomases Hospitall in South-
wark, and at the Black Spread -Eagle at the West End of
Pauls, neare Ludgate. M.DC.XLIX." 4to. pages 52.
Those who know Coleridge will not be sur-
prised to learn that Sedgwick was not a common
soldier, but an ordained minister. See Calamy's
Account, pp. 114, 117. ; Continuation, p. 155. He
may perhaps be identified with William Sigiswick
of Caius College, M.A., 1638. Calamy says that
he was " a pious man, with a disorder'd head."
J. E. B. MAYOR.
St. John's College, Cambridge.
Was Lord Bacon the Author of the Plays at-
tributed to Shakspeare ? — Mr. Smith in his letter
to Lord Ellesmere (recently reviewed in the
AthencKum)^ having opened the field to controversy,
the following coincidence of expression may not
be thought unworthy of a note.
In the play of Henry V. Act III. Sc. 3. occurs
the following line :
" The gates of mercy shall be all shut up."
And again in Henry VI. :
" Open the gate of mercy, gracious Lord."
Sir Francis Bacon uses the same idea in a letter
written to King James a few days after the death
of Shakspeare :
" And therefore in conclusion he wished him (the Earl
of Somerset) not to shut the gate of your majesty's mercy
against himself by being obdurate any longer."
CL. HOPPER,
268
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2«<* S. NO 40., OCT. 4. '56.
Diabology. — Professor Vilmar of Marburg,
who asserts to have seen (the evil spirit in propria
persona, is occupied in Hie compilation of an es-
pecial work under the above title. Professor
Vilmar considers the devil as an imitator or ape of
divinity, and ascribes all false doctrines (and bad
deeds) to its pernicious influence ! J. LOTSKY.
15. Gower Street.
SIE CHARLES RAYMOND, BART.
I am anxious, if possible, to trace the parentage
of the late Sir Charles Raymond, Bart., of Valen-
tines and Highlands, co. Essex, who was created a
baronet in May, 1774. The title was conferred
with special limitation to his son-in-law and kins-
man, the late Sir William Burrell, who succeeded
as second baronet, and was father of the present
Sir Charles Burrell. None of the volumes of the
Peerage or Baronetage give the ancestry of Sir
Charles Raymond ; but I believe the family sup-
position is, that his family originally came from
Devonshire, but at what period, or in what de-
gree Sir Charles was connected with the Ray-
monds of Devonshire, appears unknown. His
arms, which were Arg. three bars sable, are the
same as the Raymonds of Marpole, and thus con-
firm the belief of his Devon extraction. By his
wife Sarah Webster he left three daughters and
co-heirs, the eldest of whom married her kinsman,
William Burrell, to whom the title was confirmed.
Sir William was the second son of Peter Burrell,
Esq., M.P., of Beckenham, Kent, by Amy his
wife, eldest daughter of (Col.) Hugh Raymond, of
Sailing Hall, Essex, and Langley, Kent ; and was
uncle of the late Lord Gwydyr. The degree of
affinity between Sir Charles Raymond and Amy
Raymond, wife of Peter Burrell, is not clearly
shown, but it has been always understood they
were cousins. From Mrs. Burrell being stated as
the eldest daughter of Hugh Raymond, it is pre-
sumed he had other children. There appears to
have been also another branch, also said to be
cousins of Sir Charles, of which were, Jones and
John Raymond, who it is said were brothers.
John Raymond died so late as the year 1800, aged
eighty-seven years ; with him resided three maiden
sisters, his nieces, of the name of Snow. In the
Evelyn Pedigree it is stated that William Evelyn-
Glanville of St. Clere, Kent, married as his second
wife Bridget Raymond, sister and co-heir of Jones
Raymond. Of this marriage were two sons and
two daughters. William Evelyn, the eldest, suc-
ceeded to his father's estate; George Raymond
Evelyn, the second son, was the first husband of
the Lady Elizabeth Leslie, who succeeded as
eleventh Countess of Rothes, and by whom he was
father of George William Evelyn, twelfth Earl of
Rothes. The Christian name of the eldest daugh-
ter does not appear in the Evelyn pedigree, but
she is stated to have married Langton, Esq.,
of Newton Park, Somersetshire ; Sarah Evelyn,
the second daughter, was wife of Chase Price,
Esq., and their only daughter married Bamber
Gascoign, Esq., and was mother of the late Mar-
chioness of Salisbury. I should feel greatly in-
debted if, through the medium of your valuable
columns, I could be informed where I might meet
with a pedigree of the Raymonds of Devonshire,
or whether there is any account of the family in
any topographical work of Kent or Essex. The
name is, I believe, still extant in the county of
Devon, and also in Ireland, but the arms of the
Irish family in especial are totally distinct from
those borne by Sir Charles and the Marpole
family. J. B.
Did Archbishop Cranmer recant, in the proper
Sense of the Term? — Can any of the numerous
readers of " N". & Q." inform me whether any
original document, or anything approximating
thereto, exists touching Cranmer's subscription to
his supposed " recantation ? " or are we to refer
for information solely to the mendacious tract
published by Cawood in 1556, under the direction
and superintendance of Bonner ?
E. C. HARINGTON.
The Close, Exeter.
St. Peter, ivith a closed Book. — Knowing that
one distinguishing mark between St. Peter and St.
Paul is a closed book in the hands of the latter, I
have been rather surprised to find in two instances
St. Peter carrying the book, closed, as St. Paul is
usually represented doing. In the museum at
Ypres, in an old carving, he is thus represented
with closed book and keys : St. Paul carrying a
similar book and sword.
In a stone carvure, over the principal entrance
to Bromyard Church, Herefordshire, St. Peter is
likewise represented with keys and closed book.
What do the different positions of this symbol
indicate ? And are there in the knowledge of
your readers any other similar representations of
the Apostle Peter ? if, indeed, the book is suffi-
ciently a distinguishing feature.
J. H. PATTISON.
Binford Family, Arms of. — Are there in ex-
istence any armorial bearings belonging to the
family of Binford, co. Devon ? And if so, what
are they ? J. B.
Exeter.
Proportion of Males and Females. — The Mor-
monites allege as an argument for polygamy a
2nd s. N° 40., OCT. 4. '50.]
NOTES AND QUERIES,
269
duction. Can any of your readers give me in-
,ion as to the book or the project ? T. H.
rido-e.
large preponderance in numbers of women over
men.
" Look at the census of Europe," says Mr. Parley P.
Pratt, one of the twelve Apostles, " and even of the older
states of the Union; see the hundreds of thousands of
females more than of males." — Marriage and Morals in
Utah, p. 7.
What is the fact ? A. A. D.
Anonymous Works. — Who are the authors of
the following : An Essay on the Oxford Tracts,
8vo., 1839; Rufus, or the Red King, a romance,
1838; Gisela,' & tragedy, by J. J. H., 1839;
Night's Adventures, or the Road to Bath, a comedy
in three acts, by Philo Aristophanes, 1819 ; The
Ingrates Gift, & dramatic poem, Edinb. 1830 ?
J.V. J .
Armorial. — To what families do the following
coats of arms appertain? 1. Gules, a chevron,
vair, between three crescents ; tincture of cres-
cents uncertain. Crest, a stag's head cabossed.
2. Argent, on a chevron, between three trefoils,
as many torteauxes. Tincture of trefoils, tor-
teauxes, and chevron, not clearly defined. This
coat is impaled with argent, a fess chequy, pre-
sumed to be Stuart. T. B.
" Quicquid agas" fro. — What is the origin of
the proverbial Latin verse —
" Quicquid agas, prudenter agas ; et respice finem ? "
L.
" To cry mapxticks." — What is the explanation
of the phrase " To cry mnpsticks," as used in
Swift's Polite Conversation, Dialogue I. ?
" Neverout. Why, Miss, you are in a brown study ;
what's the matter? Methinks you look like mumchance,
that was hanged for saying nothing.
" Miss. I'd have you to know, I scorn your words.
" Neverout. Well, but scornful dogs will eat dirty pud-
dings.
"Miss. My comfort is, your tongue is no slander.
What, you would not have one be always on the high
grin?
" Neverout. Cry mapsticks, Madam ; no offence, I hope."
The meaning seems to be : " (I) cry mapsticks,"
I ask pardon, — I apologise for what I have said.
L.
Rustigen on Mill Wheels and Magnetism. —
" Dr. Wittemback shewed me a book upon Mill- Wheels
and Magnetism by one Kist. D. Rustigen, a High Dutch
quack, who calls his scheme the noblest discovery of the
whole world. He may well do so, if it is true ; as he pro-
fesses, among many other wonders to be effected by the
combination of these powers, to make a ship without sails
go faster against wind and tide than any sailing ship
now goes with both in its favour. The plan has found
believers, but the ship is not yet built." — Letters from
Holland and Lower Germany, by John Eyre, M. D.,
London, 1769, p. 76.
The author describes Dr. Wittemback as a
physician at Leyden, to whom he had an intro-
M.U.V iav_>ii. VuU
formation as to
Tonbridge.
Diocese or Diocess. — What is the authority for
the recent change of orthography in this word,
and why should it now be written diocess instead
(as formerly) of diocese ? The plural is still
spelled dioceses and not diocesses. n.
Pedestres. — Who was the author of a whimsical
work entitled A Pedestrian Tour of thirteen hun-
dred and forty-seven miles through Wales and Eng-
land, by Pedestres and Sir Clavileno Woodenpeg,
Knight of Snowdon, published by Saunders and
Otley, 2 vols., 8vo., 1836 ? There are several rude
engravings, to which the initials P. O. H. are af-
fixed. jU.
Van Dyck, a Swedish Diplomatist.— In Hartes'
Life of Gustavus Adolpkus (vol. i. p. 24.) is to
be found the following paragraph, date of year
1614: —
" The demands of Denmark being thus completely
satisfied, it was thought expedient in the next place to
enter into a fifteen years' treaty of commerce and mutual
guaranty with the States General ; and to this purpose,
Gustavus Adolphus dispatched Van Hyck, a favourite
minister Avith his father, in an Embassy to Holland,
when the whole affair was concluded both effectually and
speedily."
Can any of your readers inform me what rela-
tion, if any, this Van Dyck was to the great
painter Sir Anthony ? X. Y. Z.
The Great Comet of December 1680.— Wanted,
notices of this remarkable comet, as it appeared in
Ireland or elsewhere. Also, the time of its reap-
pearance. JAMES GRAVES, Clerk.
Kilkenny.
Music of " Les Carmagnolles" — Can any one
of your musical readers assist me in obtaining the
melody to this, the most sanguinary of the songs
of the first French Revolution ? I have inquired
of music-sellers in Paris, and at the foreign music
shops here, and have examined the Catalogue of
Music in the British Museum, but without success.
J. II. H.
[Our correspondent will find a curious Note on Les
Carmagnolles in our 1st S. iv. 489.]
Descents reckoned by Succession of Christian
Names. — I wish to call attention to the Latin
epitaph on the monument of Henry, Earl of
Surrey, as it is printed in Dugdale's Baronage :
" Henrico Howardo, Thomae Secundi
Ducis Norfolciae filio primogenito ;
Thomas tertii patri ; Comiti Surrise," &c.
We know that this Henry, Earl of Surrey, was
the eldest son of the third Duke of Norfolk, and
was father of the fourth Duke of Norfolk; but
270
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd s. NO 40., OCT. 4. '56.
the inscription says, " Thorn® secundi Ducis^ Nor-
folciat filio priinogenito ; Thames tertii patri"
There is certainly a 'great ambiguity in this
mode of expression, which might puzzle or mis-
lead an ordinary reader, if he were not aware that
the words secundi and tertii must be construed
with the word Thomce, and do not belong to the
word Duds ; as we should write Henry the Eighth
King of England, not meaning that he was the
eighth king of England, but that he was the eighth
person or prince of the name of Henry who was
King of England.
My object is to inquire whether this method ot
reckoning descents by the succession of Christian
names is°usual and correct; and whether other
similar instances can be produced from the monu-
mental inscriptions of our nobility ? SCIOLUS.
Heraldry of the Channel Islands. — Can any
of your Channel-Island or other correspondents
"ive any information respecting the heraldry of
those islands ? Are the arms borne by the various
families to be found in the Heralds' College, or
are they of Norman derivation, and registered in
France ? If the latter, from what office or source
are they to be sought ? And is there any trust-
worthy authority on this subject ? O. W.
" Billy-Boy : " " Bavens" — What is the origin
of Billy-Boy, as applied to a sort of sailing barge
in the 'Thames ? Why are faggots in Kent and
Sussex termed Bavins ? CENTURION.
Athenamm Club.
Encaustic Tiles, how to copy them. — I lately
tried to copy some ancient encaustic tiles (red
and yellow) by filling in the red parts with Indian
red, and then washing all over with gamboge, but
I found the red very liable to run into the yellow.
Perhaps some one could inform me how to fix the
red, and oblige WILFRED.
Royal Privileges at Universities. — Can persons
who can prove their descent from the Conqueror,
or any other King of England, claim to have a
degree conferred upon them, by either University,
without residing the ordinary time? Are sucl:
persons entitled to any, and what, privileges ?
JoiINIAN.
fHmar c&uertctf fm'tf)
The late Madame Vestris. — Authorities differ
as to the parentage of this celebrated lady. Some
(as the Gentleman's Magazine, &c.) affirming her
to bo the daughter, others (as Willis's Curren
Notes, &e.) the granddaughter of Francesco Bar-
tolozzi, the well-known engraver. Dates favour
the latter supposition : misrepresentation, inten-
tional or otherwise, like that which has been
prevalent as to the place and date of her birth,
may have led to the former. Perhaps the fact,
through the medium of " N. & Q.," can be satis-
factorily ascertained. WILLIAM BATES.
Birmingham.
[The late Madame Vestris was the granddaughter of the
celebrated engraver Francesco Bartolozzi. This state-
ment is corroborated by the announcement of her death
in The Times, as well as by the following notice of the
death of her father, who was also an engraver, in the
Gentleman's Magazine, Sept. 1821, p. 284.: "Aug. 25,
1821, aged 64, Mr. Bartolozzi, engraver, son of the late
eminent artist of that name, and father of Madame Ves-
tris of Drury Lane Theatre."]
Acatry. — Is this term still in use ? I have
just met with it for the first time, " Clerk of the
Acatry to the Royal Household" (temp. Charles II.),
and on turning to the Technological Dictionary I
find it written Acatery, and it is said to be " a sort
of check between the king's kitchen and the pur-
veyors." No derivation is given. Query, is it
from the French — Achat, Achaterie, Acatery,
Acatry f JOHN J. A. BOASE.
Alverton Vean.
[Acatery is obsolete ; but in Todd's Johnson we meet
with " Catery, the depository of victuals purchased." See
also Kelham, Norm. Diet., '"Serjeaunt de 1'acaterie, ser-
jeant of the eatery." In the Ordinances and Regulations,
&c. published by the Society of Antiquaries, Liber Niger
Edw. IV., acatry is the room or place allotted to the
keeping of all such provisions as the purveyors purchased
for the king ; and achatc,ur (p. 22.), the person who had
charge of the achatry. The office of achator, or purveyor,
was common in religious establishments. Most lexico-
graphers derive the word from the Fr. acJieter, to buy or
purchase, to purvey, to provide. Hence the modern word
caterer. Boucher says, " AcJieter was formerly written
and pronounced achapter, and seems to have a connexion
not very remote with the common English word?, chap,
chapmen, cheap, to cheapen, to chop, or exchange, &c."]
Hertfordshire Kindness. — In the second Dia-
logue of his Polite Conversation, Swift uses the
phrase " Hertfordshire kindness," apparently in
the sense of a kindness which a person does to
himself. Is this a proverbial saying which occurs
elsewhere ?
" Neverout. My Lord, this moment I did myself the
honour to drink to your lordship.
" Lord Smart. Why then that's Hertfordshire kindness.
" Neverout. Faith, my Lord, I pledged myself; for I
drank twice together without thinking."
L.
[Fuller, in his Worthies, explains this proverb as a
mutual return of favours received. He says, " This is ge-
nerally taken in a good and grateful sense, for the mutual
return of favours received ; it being [belike] observed
that the people in this county at entertainments drink
back to them who drank to them, parallel to the Latin
proverbs, ' Fricantem refrica ; Manus manum lavat ; Par
est de merente benb, benfc mereri.' "]
St. Frediswede. — Can any of your readers in-
form me of the history of this saint ? Her tomb,
2nd s. NO 40., OCT. 4. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
271
or a monument to her memory, is, I believe, still
to be seen at Christchurch, Oxford. She was, I
presume, of Saxon origin. T. B.
[Prides wide, or Fridiswida, honoured as the patroness
of Oxford, is said to have been the daughter of Didanus,
or Didacus, a sub-regulus in these parts, who about the
year 727, on the death of his wife Safrida, founded a nun-
nery at Oxford for twelve religious virgins of noble birth,
under the government of his daughter. Frideswide being
buried here, and afterwards canonised, the monastery was
dedicated to her memory, and called almost always by
her name. For the life of St. Frideswide consult Cap-
grave's Nova Legenda Anglice, fol. Lond., p. clii. b. ; Bri-
tannia Sancta, p. 207. ; Butler's Lives of the Saints,
Oct. 19.; and Dugdale's Monasticon, vol. ii. p. 134., edit.
1819,]
WERE THE SILUBES OF IBERIC ORIGIN ?
(2nd S. i. 17.)
Permit me to tender DIMETIENSIS my sincere
thanks for his response to the Query, wherein I
requested a copy, if possible, of certain undeci-
phered inscriptions said to exist in Cardigan Bay.
He concludes his remarks by asking for the proofs
of my assertion that the Silurians came from
Spain. To this I answer, that although we have
no authoritative records testifying to that effect,
yet the idea is supported by so many concurrent
circumstances, and harmonises so well with what
we know of the history of those times, that it
may perhaps, without impropriety, be regarded as
a tolerably established fact. The subject is neither
uninteresting nor unimportant ; and it may there-
fore be worth while to go into those circumstances,
with, however, the utmost possible brevity. They
are as follows : —
1. The statement in Tacitus. Your correspon-
dent regards this statement as a mere guess, but
Niebuhr thought otherwise. Hear what he says
on the matter in his History of Rome (vol. ii.
p. 517., note) :
" Their [the Silurians, Iberian,] origin is not an in-
ference which he [Tacitus] himself draws from these
circumstances, [the features, hue, and hair of the Silu-
rians], but he looks upon them as proofs of the truth of a
current opinion."
2. The fact pointed out by myself some time
since in "N. & Q.," that the Scilly Isles are
called by Solinus Silura. This is satisfactory evi-
dence that the Silurians inhabited those islands ;
and as they are 150 miles from South Wales (the
head-quarters of that nation), on the direct road
from Spain, their presence there can be accounted
for only on the supposition that they were left
behind by the body of their countrymen when
voyaging from Spain to South Wales.
3. Several places in South Wales have Iberic
names. Siluria itself is an Iberic word, and iden-
tical with Lusones ; which tribe, as it was located
on the precise spot whence the Silurians are most
likely to have sailed, may reasonably be set down
as the parents of the race : (r and s were anciently
interchangeable : thus, Fusius and Furius, Vetu-
sius and Veturius, are identical. See Livy, iii. 14.)
4. The renowned story of the Milesian colony
to Ireland may be regarded as affording some
confirmation to the idea otherwise rendered pro-
bable, that a considerable portion of the British
aborigines came from Spain. At least, it proves
that a tradition to that effect was current among
the Britons themselves.
DIMETIENSIS says, that he had supposed that the
Dimetse inhabited the "Lost Hundred;" where
I have located the Silurians. His supposition is
doubtless literally accurate ; at the same- time I
may mention, that the Dimetae, as well as the
Ordovices (of North Wales), were subject to the
Silurians : and as subjection pre-supposes a con-
quest, my statement may perhaps be considered
as equally accurate.
With respect to the Silurians in the Scillies, I
may remark, that according to a saintly, but some-
what apocryphal authority, cited by Southey in
his Common-place Book, a certain King Mark,
who reigned in Cornwall in the fifth century, had
subjects who spoke in four different languages.
Southey offers some suggestions as to what these
four languages were. His conclusions are not
however either definite or satisfactory ; and I
would rather conjecture the languages to have
been: — 1. Cornish proper. 2. Cymric, or Welsh.
3. Gaelic ; and 4. Iberic, which, as above shown,
was spoken in the Scillies.
I have set down the Gaelic as one of the dif-
ferent dialects on the following grounds. The
Gael, or Gwyddyl, were undoubtedly the real
British aborigines ; and when the Cymri con-
quered Britain, they fled not only, as is well
known, to Ireland and Scotland, but to Anglesea
and Cornwall also. This is clear from the follow-
ing verses of Golyddan, a Welsh bard of the
seventh century :
" After the expulsion [of the Picts and Scots], they make
a triumph,
And reconciled the Cymry, the men of Dublin,
The Gwyddyl of Ireland, Anglesey, and Scotland.
Cornwall, and the men of Alclwyd, to their reception
amongst us."
It will be well if, in our researches into ancient
British history, we constantly bear in mind this
diversity of race ; for it will doubtless tend to
illustrate some points which otherwise would re-
main hopelessly obscure. Thus, the fact of the
Gaelic race existing in Anglesea, as a separate
nation, down to the seventh century, may enable
us to assign a satisfactory reason for an action
attributed to Rhodri Mawr (A.D. 891), which is
otherwise inexplicable. I allude to his transfer-
272
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd S. X° 40., OCT. 4. '50.
ring his seat of government from the mountains
of Caernarvon (each, as Warrington writes, a
natural fortress), into the open and unprotected
country of Anglesea. Southey endeavours to ac-
count for it by supposing, that he removed to that
island in order to be able to defend it more ad-
vantageously against the incursions of the Danes ;
but by this supposition the difficulty is only par-
tially obviated. Is it not more natural to suppose
that Rhodri Mawr conquered the Gael of Mona,
and then removed into the subjected territory to
keep his new subjects in submission ? This
would be in exact accordance with the course
commonly pursued by conquerors; and its not
being recorded in contemporary chronicles is no
reasonable objection against its truth ; as we
should not have been aware even of the existence
of the Gael in Anglesea at all, had not the above
quoted passage in Golyddan been fortunately
preserved.
May we not find another unnoted memorial of
the Gael in Watling Street ? This name is said
to be a Saxon corruption of the Cymric Gwyde-
linsarn (the way of the Gael, see Thierry's Nor-
man Conquest, vol. i. p. 70., note) ; and it is
supposed that it was so called because it led to
the country of the Gwyddyl = Ireland. It is
much more probable that it was the work of that
people, during its dominancy in South Britain ;
just as were the houses whose ruins, two cen-
turies ago, were called by the Welsh the houses
of the Gael. (Nor. Conq., vol. i. p. 2., note).
I have somewhat diverged from the matter
with which I commenced ; but as I am not aware
that the presence of the Gaelic race in Anglesea
and Cornwall has been hitherto remarked, and as
it may be of considerable importance in future
historical researches, the digression will I hope be
pardoned. EDWARD WEST.
3. Pump Row, Old Street Road.
MALACHI THRUSTON, M.D., OF EXETER.
(2nd S. ii. 190.)
The following particulars of Malachi Thruston,
M.D., will probably afford the information re-
quired by your correspondent E. L. No notice
is taken of this distinguished physician in any
general or medical biography with which I am
acquainted, and the few incidents in his career
which I now forward were collected long since,
with the view to supply a deficiency not credit-
able to our medical literature. His birthplace,
parentage, preliminary education, and death, have
hitherto eluded my research. Information on
these points would go far to complete his bio-
graphy ; it may perhaps be supplied by some of
your readers. The books of Sidney Sussex Col-
lege, Cambridge, would supply some of the facts,
but the date of his death must be sought in Devon-
shire, and I believe at Exeter.
Malachi Thruston was of Sidney Sussex Col-
lege, Cambridge, and took his degrees in arts, as
a member of that house: A.B. 1649-50; A.M.
1653. He subsequently became a fellow of Caius
College, but at what date is uncertain, probably,
as suggested by the learned master of that Col-
lege, Dr. Guest, during the Commonwealth, when
the entries were made very irregularly. He was
created Doctor of Medicine by mandate of Charles
II., dated Dec. 17, 1664, and the degree was
actually conferred on the 13th of January follow-
ing. Dr. Thruston then settled at Exeter, and in
1670 his celebrated treatise De Respirationis Usu
primario diatriba issued from the London press.
Of the doctor's professional career in Devonshire
no records remain. If success in physic was at
all times commensurate with merit, we should not
hesitate in concluding that his practice in Exeter
was considerable. To say nothing of the internal
evidence Dr. Thruston's jvork affords of his at-
tainments as a scholar and physician, we are as-
sured by Dr. Musgrave, the author of the Anti-
quitates Britanno Belgicce, a very competent judge
of professional merit, that he was a man of sound
judgment and justly ranked among the most cele-
brated physicians of his age, "erectiori vir ingenio,
in medicis sevi celeberrimis," and again, " nemo
unquam medicus illustrior, neu qui arti plus tri-
buerat."
The talents of this accomplished man were
eventually obscured by insanity.. On December
18, 1697, he was professionally visited by Dr.
Musgrave, from whose narrative of the case (De
Arthritide Symptomatica Dissertatio, p. 83.) many
of these particulars have been derived. Dr.
Thruston was then a septuagenarian. His malady
was attributed to the combined influence of a
nervous temperament, an injury to the head in
childhood, excess of study, the over use of coffee,
and gout. "Hisadjici oportebit," says Musgrave,
" caelibatum sive nimiam castitatem." The dis-
ease presented lucid intervals, and Musgrave's
visit was made during one of them. For some
time the doctor's conversation was perfectly
rational, but ere long decided evidences of in-
sanity were manifested.
The Diatriba, Dr. Thruston's only published
work, is a logically constructed, original and
argumentative essay on an abstruse but most im-
portant physiological question. The language is
that of a scholar, /well chosen, correct, and often
elegant, the references and quotations frequent
and appropriate, affording ample proof of the ex-
tent of his erudition, medical as well as general.
Diffidence and modesty characterise this essay,
and my impression, after a careful perusal, is, that
it was the work of an original thinker, and of an
amiable and accomplished man.
2nd s. NO 40., OCT. 4. '56.]
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
273
The essay was originally written as an academi-
cal exercise at Cambridge in 1664-5, but was not
printed until 1670, and then only on the advice
of Dr. Seth Ward, Bishop of Exeter, and Dr.
Wilkins, Bishop of Chester. The first edition,
now somewhat rare, created much sensation. It
was answered by Sir George Ent, M.D., then the
leading physician in London, who had already for
some years occupied the presidential chair of the
College of Physicians, had been the intimate friend
of the immortal Harvey, and the editor of one of
his works. A second edition of Dr. Thruston's
work was published at Ley den in 1679. It was
again reprinted in 1685 in the Bibliotheca Anato-
mica of Le Clero and Mangetus.
W. MUNK, M.D.
Finsbury Place.
RICHARD DICKINSON OP SCARBOROUGH SPA.
(2nd S. ii. 189.)
History does not inform us on what day, or in
what year, the celebrated Richard Dickinson,
better known as Dicky Dickinson, first saw the
light. He was one of those beings whom Nature,
in her sportive moods, formed and sent into the
world to prove the great variety in her works ;
and although he had every limb and member in
common with other men, yet they were so
strangely contrived and put together as to render
him the universal object of admiration and laugh-
ter. "There is," observes Swift, "naturally in
the English character a tendency to humour."
Dicky Dickinson possessed this faculty in a very
eminent degree, and this, joined with the singu-
larity of his figure, contributed to bring him into
great notice among the gentry and others who
visited Scarborough Spa, where he resided, and
followed the double occupation of shoe-cleaner
and vender of gingerbread. In 1732 he appears
to have rented the Spa of the Corporation of
Scarborough, which before that time was merely
a cistern for collecting the mineral water. He
had then saved enough money to build a house,
and t'o erect a suite of houses of office. He then
brought home a mistress, to whose care and at-
tention he consigned the charge of the ladies
whom the waters of the Spa compelled to visit
for conveniency, while he, with the most polite
attention, attended the like calls of the gentlemen.
It is said that Dicky was never at a loss for an
answer to any joke that might be levelled against
him ; and, with a quaintness of manner peculiarly
his own, was ever certain of raising the laugh at
the expense of his antagonists. It is a curious
fact, that on August 28 and 29, 1738, the Spa at
Scarborough was utterly destroyed by an earth-
quake ; the earth behind Dicky's house sunk, and
forced up the sand and soil around (for the space
of 100 yards) to the height of eighteen feet or
more above its level, and some years elapsed be-
fore the mineral spring was again discovered. It
seems that Dicky Dickinson did not long survive
this catastrophe, as he departed this life at Scar-
borough, on Sunday, February 12, 1738-9.
There is a mezzotinto of Dickinson, copied from
Vertue's print*, having the figure of a monkey on
one side, and that of a fox on the other (symbolic
I suppose of the man and his cunning) with the
following lines underneath :
" Behold the Governor of Scarborough Spaw,
The uglyest Fizz and Form you ever saw ;
Yet when you view the Beauty of his Mind,
In him a second ^Esop you may find.
Samos unenvied boasts her ^Esop gone,
And France may glory in her late Scarron,
While England has a living Dickinson."
To a whole-length etching of Dickinson, drawn
from his very person by a gentleman who had the
advantage of a twelvemonth's observation of his
most natural posture and countenance, is given
the following title :
"The exact Effigies of Dicky Dickinson, commonly
called King Dicky, Governor of the Privy Houses of
Scarborough Spaw, whose ingenuity, industry, and ex-
pense in contriving and building Conveniences for Gentn
and Lady's is worthy Notice, and no small advantage to
Scarborow."
His person is described in the following way,
under the etching :
" Thus, he walks as upright as he can,
Judge if Nature designed him a Man,
If you'd prove him a Man, from his talent in Wh g,
He has done no more than all Monkys before him ;
Whether Monkey or Man, 'twas that Nature design'd,
Pray guess from his Figure, and not from his Mind."
Under another etching, representing Dickinson
in a sitting posture, are the following verses :
" King Dicky thus seated, his subjects to greet,
With scurvy jokes treats them, and fancies they're
Wit;
Then laughs 'til the Rheum runs down from
eyes,
To his grizzled beard, which the drivle supplies,
And, like to Old Sydrophel, fain would seem wise.
In the Scarborough Miscellany for 1734 is the
following poein :
" On the Scarborough Waters.
" These cure disease of every kind —
Of fancy, body, or of Mind —
Infallible, in every Evil —
As Holy-water drives the Devil.
To Scarborough haste from various regions,
And pay to ' Dicky ' due allegiance ;
To view so oddly form'd a Creature,
To note his Limbs, and every feature,
n
* There is a portrait of Dickinson engraved by Ver-
tue, after a painting by H. Hysing, dated 1725, to which
are appended some curious verses.
274
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
[2«a S. N" 40., OCT. 4. '56.
And hear him joking at the Spring,
While you (his subjects) Tribute bring,
This, with the Waters 5T«u are quaffing,
Will make you burst yourselves with Laughing."
During the period of Dicky's celebrity his face
was often carved upon walking-sticks, and Pack,
the antiquary (who was fond of a joke), is said to
have had one remarkably like him. E.
Your correspondent A is informed that he will
find a full account of Dicky Dickinson in Caul-
field's Remarkable Persons, with a full-length en-
graving of his elegant form.
HENRY KENSINGTON.
DODSLEY'S "COLLECTION OF POEMS.
(2nd S. i. 151. 237.)
The following Note on the first and second
editions of Dodslcy's Collection drawn up by
a friend who compared my copy of the first
edition with his of the second, deserves to be re-
corded for the information which it furnishes re-
specting the most popular poetical miscellany ever
published in England : —
" This is the first edition of Dodslt y's famous
Collection of Poems. It was published in the
month of January, 1748, 'three pocket volumes,'
price 9s. In the same year appeared a second
edition, also in. three volumes, but with consider-
able additions and some omissions of poems, pro-
bably thought unworthy of a place here. The
poems omitted were : 1. The Art of Cookery.
2. An Imitation of Horace's Invitation to Tor-
quatus. 3. The Old Cheese. 4. The Skillet,
5. The Fisherman. 6. Little Mouths. 7. Hold
Fast Below. 8. The Incurious (all by Dr. King).
9. The Apparition (by Dr. Evans). 10. The
Wrongheads : and, 11. The Happy Man. None
of these were ever reprinted in Dodsley. Among
the most remarkable additions to the second
edition were some of the Odes of Collins, which
were published by Millar in December, 1746
(dated 1747), and here reprinted for the first time
with considerable variations. In order to enable
purchasers of the first edition to complete their
copies, a fourth, thin, volume was published in
the following year, which contains all the pieces
which were in the second, but not in the first
edition, and no others. Gray sneered at the
* Three Graces ' in the frontispiece, and in the
second edition Dodsley substituted for them the
allegorical vignette which appears in all the sub-
sequent editions. The fourth, supplementary,
volume of 1749, however, has the 'Graces' to
correspond with the three volumes of the edition
which it was intended to complete. The Col-
lection was afterwards enlarged to four volumes.
A ' fourth edition,' in four volumes, appeared in
1755. In 1758 an edition was published in six
volumes, containing further additions. In this
number of volumes it was frequently reprinted ;
but I have seen a mention of an edition in seven
vols. 12mo. of 1770. The latest edition I am
aware of is that of 1782, in six vols. 8vo. There
was published in 1768, ' A Collection of Poems,
being two additional volumes to Mr. Dodsley's
Collection ; ' but whether by Dodsley's successor,
I know not. A copy of this is in the Grenville
Library, British Museum, and in the Bodleian.
Dodsley's Collection enjoyed a greater popularity
than was ever attained by any other publication
of the kind. Gray speaks of it in 1751 as the
'Magazine of Magazines.' The first edition is
now scarce, and the ' Three Graces ' rarely seen.
" There is an error in the paging of vol. i. of
this edition. After paging regularly to 263. the
numbering recommences with 238., and goes on
regularly from thence to p. 286., the end of the
volume."
WILLIAM J. THOMS.
"THINK or ME," "THE GARDEN OP FLORENCE,"
AND JOHN HAMILTON REYNOLDS.
(2nd S. ii. 109.219.)
The questions asked, and the vague answers
given, suggest that it may be well to say a few
words on this subject, though I must write from
a memory which is not altogether to be relied on.
Anonymous publications of the last century per-
plex and trouble us now ; and when editors and
contributors are quoting, not " 2nd S.," but " 22nd
S.," (about which time, as I take it, your useful
little publication will be in its greenhood and
glory,) a few contemporary words may have
value.
MR. CARRINGTON is no doubt correct, that the
lines in question appeared in The Garden of Flo-
rence, written, according to the title-page, by
John Hamilton, but in truth by John Hamilton
Reynolds.
J. H. Reynolds was a man of genius, who
wanted the devoted purpose and the sustaining
power which are requisite to its development;
and the world, its necessities and its pleasures,
led him astray from literature. He was, if I
mistake not, born at Shrewsbury ; but his family
must have soon removed to London, as he finished
his education at St. Paul's School. His father
was subsequently writing-master at Christ's Hos-
pital. Reynolds had an early struggle. He was
first a clerk in The Amicable Insurance Office,
then articled to an attorney, and as an attorney
he practised for many years, but not with much
success. Eventually he accepted the office of
2"<» S. NO 40., OCT. 4. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
clerk to the County Court at Newport in the Isle
of Wight, and at Newport he died in 1852.
So early as 1814 he published Safie^ an Eastern
tale, dedicated to Lord Byron, who had made
Eastern tales the fashion. Byron thought well of
it as a work of promise, and Reynolds is kindly
mentioned more than once in his published letters.
Byron indeed, as appears from those letters, sub-
sequently assumed that one of Reynolds's anony-
mous squibs — " The Fancy, by Peter Corcoran"
— was certainly written by Tom Moore ; a com-
pliment beyond suspicion of either personal feeling
or flattery. Safie was, I think, reviewed in The
Examiner; or rather Keats, Shelley, and Rey-
nolds were there brought forward as the poets of
especial promise ; and this served, in those times
of unscrupulous criticism, to fix on all the name
of cockney poets, or poets of the cockney school.
Safe was followed, in 1815, by The Eden of
Imagination — by An Ode, on the overthrow of
Napoleon — and in 1816 by The Naiad. Rey-
nolds too was "the wicked varlet" who in 1819
anticipated the genuine " Peter Bell " of Words-
worth by a spurious " Peter Bell" in which were
exhibited and exaggerated the characteristics of
Wordsworth's earlier simplicities. In 1821 The
Garden of Florence appeared. With the excep-
tion of Safie these works were all published ano-
nymously. It was neither prudent nor pleasant
for a young man to come before the public with
a contemptuous nick-name affixed to his publi-
cations. Times are indeed changed. We all
know the rank and position which Shelley and
Keats now hold.
Reynolds, though full of literary energy at that
time, was always hurried and uncertain. He in-
deed played the old game of fast and loose between
law and literature, pleasure and study. He wrote
fitfully — now for the magazines, now for the
newspapers — one or two articles for the Edin-
burgh Review, several for the Retrospective Re-
view, and had a hand in preparing more than one
of Mathew's Monologues, and in two or three
farces. When the London Magazine was started
under John Scott he became a regular contribu-
tor, and so continued when, after the unfortunate
death of Scott, it was transferred to Taylor
and Hessey. This was the only true period of
his literary life. He now became associated
with Charles Lamb, Hazlitt, Allan Cunningham,
George Darley, Barry Cornwall, Thomas Hood,
and others, who met regularly at the hospitable
table of the publishers, and by whom his wit and
brilliancy were appreciated ; and he was at that
time one of the most brilliant men I have ever
known, though in later years failing health and
failing fortune somewhat soured his temper and
sharpened his tongue.
Thomas Hood married the elder sister of Rey-
nolds, and the Odes and Addresses were the joint
production of the brothers-in-laAv. I believe I
am correct in stating that Reynolds wrote the
Ode to Macadam — To the Champion, Dymohe —
To Sylvanus Urban — To Elliston — and The Ad-
dress to the Dean and Chapter of Westminster. To
the Address to Maria Darlington both contributed.
The greater genius and fame of Hood have over-
ridden the memory of Reynolds ; and this appro-
priation is- the more required. Reynolds also, for
some years, lent occasional assistance to the Comic
Annual, in suggesting, finishing, and polishing,
rather than in separate and substantive contribu-
tions.
Reynolds was early intimate with John Keats
— was the "friend" to whom Keats addressed his
Robin Hood ; a reply or comment on a paper on
Sherwood Forest, written by Reynolds in the
London Magazine. Many letters addressed to
Reynolds and his sisters are interwoven into Mr.
Milnes's pleasant memoir of Keats.
A man some of whose whimsies Byron assumed
must have been written by Tom Moore — while
others were by Coleridge affiliated on Charles
Lamb — who was associated in humorous pub-
lications with Tom Hood, and not unworthily,
deserves a niche in " N. & Q. ; but I claim it to
clear up an anonymous mystification, which is
misleading your readers. T. M. T.
tfl Jtttnar
Rubens" "Judgment of Paris" (1st S. ix. 561.)
— One of the very scarce and valuable engravings
of the "Decision of Paris," now in the National
Gallery, is in my possession. This "gem" of
Woodman's is said to have been executed (while
the picture was the property of the Penrices of
this place) expressly to gratify the wish of the
Prince of Wales, afterwards George IV., and that
only forty impressions were taken before the
plate was destroyed. The engraving purports to
have been published and sold by Orme in 1813.
JAMES HARGEAVE HARRISON.
Great Tamworth.
' Walton's Polyglott Bible (1st S. vii. 476.; xi.
284.) — I take the following notice of this work
from Fergusson's America by River and Rail:
" Among the literary curiosities shown to us in the
library of Harvard University at Cambridge, Massachu-
setts, were Walton's Polyglott, the copy which belonged
to Hyde, Lord Clarendon."
In "N". & Q.," 1st S. vii. 476., I stated that
Bishop Juxon's copy of Walton's Polyglott is now
in the Maltese library, and asked how it had ever
been taken from St. John's College, at Oxford, to
which library, as is recorded in the first volume, it
formerly belonged. W. W
Malta.
276
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd S. NO 40., OCT. 4.
Kalends (2nd S. ii. 110. 236.) — Allow me to
inquire of your correspondents MR. PATTISON,
J. M. G., and S. S. S., whether the name of a
church footpath, which they write calends, ought
not to be written scallenge; and whether the
word does not properly refer to the covered gate-
way, called in other places the " lich-gate," and
not to the footpath ? In parts of Herefordshire,
this word (which at Bromyard is stated to be
pronounced calends) is certainly known as scal-
lenge: see the explanation in the Herefordshire
Glossary, where it is conjectured to be a corrup-
tion of scallage from scalagium. L.
Hops (2nd S. ii. 243.) — Fuller is nearer the
truth than the old Rhymer quoted by your corre-
spondent MR. YEOWELL.
I have before me an original lease of lands in
Lynchesore in High Hardres, Kent, granted by
Henry Dygges, Gent., to John Heryng, dated
March 8, 4 E. IV., 1463-4. Among the cove-
nants, there is an agreement for the tenant to
have every year a certain quantity of wood for
fuel; always excepting that reserved for hop-
poles. The exact words are : " evry yere duryng
the terme, an acre of wode- competent and of the
best fewell, excepte Hope tymbre."
This certainly seems to contradict the assertion
that the cultivation of hops was first introduced
in 1524 : for we have here great care taken of
underwood for the supply of hop-poles as early as
1464. L. B. L.
Queen Anne's Foster Father (and Nurse) (2nd S.
ii. 86. 154. ) — I cannot pretend to unravel the dif-
ficulty referred to by your correspondents C. M. B.
and A. B. R. : but as the latter doubts the ex-
istence of a " Mrs. Buss," and suggests that the
name was either a familiar or pet name, and that
Mrs. Buss might still be Mrs. Barry, it may throw
some light on this point if he is informed that a
Roman Catholic family named Buss was for some
generations located at Ufton, and not Upton (as
stated by R. O. L. (2nd S. ii. 181.) Some of them
were doubtless tenants to the Perkinses of Ufton
Court, as I know they were to the succeeding pro-
prietors, and they are not yet extinct in the'
neighbourhood. If any members of the Perkins
family were connected with the household of the
Duke of York, this would account for the em-
ployment of Mrs. Buss in the capacity of nurse.
R. W.
Heading.
^ General Epistles (2nd S. ii. 209.) — From the
time of Eusebius seven have been classed toge-
ther as catholic or general epistles, namely, those
of James, Peter, John, and Jude. (Ecumenius
(Proleg. in Jacob.) treats catholic as equivalent to
tycfouoi, circular, not being addressed to one per-
son, city, or church separately, in which Lcontius
(De Sectis, cap. ii.) concurs. Noesselt has adopted
an opinion (Annot. in Jacob.) that it was equiva-
lent to uncanonical. Others fancy that they were
called catholic because agreeing with the catholic
church. The opinion of (Ecumenius and Leon-
tius is also that of Clement of Alexandria and
Origen. See Davidson's Introd. N. T., iii. 296 —
302., where the conflicting views of the best
critics are discussed as to the more modern use
of the term catholic. It is to be observed that
the second and third of John, being epistles to
private persons, were not styled catholic at first,
but "were added to 1 Peter, 1 John, and Jude,
when the term catholic seems to have acquired
another meaning."
The Epistle of Peter was not addressed to
Gentiles, his mission being confined to the He-
brews, some of whom he calls the dispersed so-
journing as strangers in Pontus, Galatia, &c. (1 Pet.
i. L). Compare John vii. 35., where also Hebrews
are meant, and not Gentiles.
In the Gamara to the Babylonian as well as to
the Jerusalem Mishnah (Sanhedr. c. i.) " the sons
of the exile or dispersion of Babylon " are men-
tioned, so also " the sons of the dispersion of
Media," and "the sons of the dispersion of
Greece." These had a chief, through whom of-
ficial communications were made with the au-
thorities in Jerusalem (Joseph. Ant. xviii. 8., xix.
5. 7.). The Arabarchus of Juvenal (i. 130.) was
a Kn^JI 65>n, " Prince of the dispersion " at Alex-
andria. (Confer. Cicero, Ep. ad Attic, ii. 17.)
T. J. BUCKTON.
Lichfield.
Thomas Simon (2nd S. ii. 115.)— I am disap-
pointed in not finding any notice of Thomas Si-
mon in my lists of French refugees. It may,
however, be useful to ANON, to know that Pierre,
son of Pierre Simon, native of London, was mar-
ried to Anne Germain, daughter of the late Gilles
Germain of Guernsey, at the Walloon Church in
Threadneedle Street, Sept. 12, 1611. At the
Savoy French Chapel are the two following
matches :
" Daniel Simon and Ester Ferrant, 1685.
Mr. Pierre Simond and Susanne Grotesse de la Buf-
fiere, 1725."
Also:
" Daniel Simon and Marthe le Page, 1695, at Hunger-
ford Chapel."
".Philipe Simon and Anne Jacob, W° of Pasquier Henrie,
1610, at the London Walloon Church."!
"Pierre Simon and Eliz. Cook, 1705, Southampton
French Church,"
J. S. BURN.
Crooked Naves (2nd S. i. 158.) — The church
of the Holy Trinity at Stratford-upon- Avon is an
instance of this peculiarity of structure. A. B.
Hamilton Terrace.
2nd s. N° 40., OCT. 4. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
277
Battle of Brunnanburg (2nd S. ii. 229.) —Be-
sides the statement by Sharon Turner, alluded to
by your correspondent, that Anlaff, the Nor-
wegian, "entered the Humber, with a fleet of
615 ships," immediately previous to the battle of
Brunnanburg, he makes another statement, a few
pnges further on, under date 941, that Anlaff re-
newed his attack in that year, and "landed at the
White Wellst) where the broad stream of the Hum-
ler flowed." This seems to give an additional
probability to his having sailed up that river in
934. Turner supposes that the battle of Brun-
nanburg was fought in Northumbria, and Thierry
fixes the locality at Bamborough. The editor of
the new edition of William of Malmsbury says,
" it is called Brumby in the Saxon Chronicle, and
was probably not far from the Humber." Ethel-
werd's Chronicle says, " it was fought at Brunan-
dwie" which a late editor says was at Brumby, in
Lincolnshire. It is admitted that the people of
Mercia were engaged in this conflict, and that
North-humberland and North Mercia are often
mistaken one for the other. A note in the new
edition of Ingulphus says, " Brunenburgh near the
banks of the Humber. Ingulphus calls it Brun-
ford. There is good reason to suppose that Burn-
ham, in the parish of Thornton Curtis, near the
Huraber, was the scene of this battle. A work
now preparing for the press, relative to Barton-
on-the-Humber and its neighbourhood will pro-
bably throw much light upon the subject.
PISHET THOMPSON.
" A Peep at the Wiltshire Assizes " (2nd S. ii.
229.) — In reply to the Query of R. H. B. I trou-
ble you to acquaint him that somewhere about
thirty-three years ago, a lady lent me the book of
which he speaks ; and she told me it was given to
her, by the author, whom she knew intimately, and
who was an attorney at Salisbury, and that his
name was But. Or it might probably have been
spelled with double t, but of that I do not know,
nor do I recollect his Christian name, although
she told me. T. L. MORRITT.
Maidstone.
Mr. Leeming's Picture at Hereford Cathedral
(2nd S. i. 354.) — Mr. Leeming came to Hereford
as a portrait painter, was very successful, and
personally much respected; he married a Here-
ford lady, and died early. The picture repre-
sented the Saviour bearing his Cross ; the restora-
tion of the cathedral made its removal necessary,
and your correspondent will find it put aside in
the chapter room, and, if I mistake not, in some
jeopardy of being injured. Running the same
risk in the same lumber-room (for, though the
chapter-room, it is now little better), is a most
curious map of the world drawn before America
was discovered, and having Jerusalem in the
centre. This misinterpretation of Ezekiel v. 5. is
referred to in Mills' Crusades, but I cannot now
lay my hand upon the book.
I need hardly say that here, as in other in-
stances, heathen mythology has drawn from Scrip-
ture truth, and made it folly. Hence the tradition
as to Delphi :
" Trap fj.4(rov 6/x<|)aA.6v." — Find. Pyth., iv. 74.; Coll. Ad.
Tyr., 893. ; Ear. /on., 231. ; Ov. Met., x. 167.
EFFIGIES.
Stamford.
Merry England (2nd S. ii. 3. 219.) — MR.
KEIGHTLEY'S attention is called to the Illustrations
of the Lines and Writings of Gower and Chaucer,
by the Rev. H. J. Todd (1810), in the concluding
notes to which will be found an ingenious and
elaborate criticism on the word " merry," by " the
learned Master of Caius College, Cambridge."
He quotes many passages from Chaucer, and other
old English poets ; he also refers to Psalm Ixxxi.
2., "the pleasant harp " (Bible version), " the
merry harp " (Prayer book version) ; and comes
to the conclusion since formed by MR. KEIGHTLEY,
that " merry " was used in the sense of " pleasant,
cheerful, agreeable."
In an article by me called " Is the Nightingale's
song merry or melancholy?" and published in
Sharpens Magazine, vol. ii. New Series, p. 281.,
will be found (as a foot note) the substance of the
lengthy disquisition on the word merry by the
Rev. H. J. Todd, and "the Master of Caius,"
whose name I did not then know : it was the Rev.
Dr. Davy. CUTHBERT BEDE.
English Words terminating in "-#" (2nd S. ii.
47. 119.) — Besides those already mentioned by
T. J. E. and E. C. H., four such words occur to
me, viz. fusil, pasquil, instil, and distil. E. H. A.
Superstition about Human Hair (2nd S. ii. 386,
387.) —In The Pirate (vol. ii. pp. 135, 136., Ca-
dell's edit, Edinburgh, 1831, Norna of the Fitful
Head sings to the Spirit of the Winds :
" To appease thee, see, I tear
This full grasp of grizzled hair ;
Oft thy breath hath through it sung,
Softening to my magic tongue, —
Now, 'tis thine to bid it fly
Through the wide expanse of sky,
'Mid the countless swarms to sail,
Of wild-fowl wheeling on thy gale ;
Take thy portion and rejoice, —
Spirit, thou hast heard my voice ! "
" Norna accompanied these words with the action
which they described, tearing a handful of hair with
vehemence from her head, and strewing it upon the wind
as she continued -her recitation. She then shut the case-
ment," &c.
Here the sacrifice of human hair is used by
Norna after she fails to find the heart-formed
piece of lead, the object of her incantation, and to
appease the Spirit of the Storm. The superstition
278
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd s. NO 40., OCT. 4. '56.
is, no doubt, the same as that referred to by
Fouque in Sintram andjiis Companions; although
there the lock of the hero's hair is used to raise,
not still, the storm. Sir Walter probably used the
superstition to suit his own purposes in the novel.
Is it known whether this superstition did or does
Btill exist in the Shetland Islands ? C. D. L.
How to frighten Dogs (1st S. vii. 240.) — With
reference to the device adopted by Ulysses to
frighten the dogs of Ithaca, and which is said to
be still in use in Greece and Albania, I may state
that I have myself seen a Malay at Singapore
squat down with his back towards a strange dog,
and look at him from between his legs. In this
instance, the experiment was perfectly successful,
as the brute scampered off in a fright, looking
back now and then to see what sort of monster it
was which carried his head in that unwonted
place. But I have heard that once a Malay
playing the trick before an English bull-dog, was
seized hold of in that part of him which was pre-
sented conspicuously to " bully." H. E. W.
Rev. Charles Hotham (2nd S. ii. 10.) — In an-
swer to the inquiry of C. H. and THOMPSON
COOPER, I transcribe the following particulars
from Dr. Calamy's Account of the Ejected Mi-
nisters :
" Son to Sir John Hotham, was sometime Fellow of
Peter House in Cambridge, and Proctor of the University
[1646]. An excellent scholar, both in divinity and
human literature. A great philosopher and searcher into
the secrets of nature, and much addicted to chymistry.
After his ejectment [from the rectory of Wigan in Lan-
cashire] he went to the West Indies, but returned to
England. In his younger years he had studied judicial
astrology, but gave express orders in his will that all his
papers and books relating to that art should be burned."
— Vol. ii. p. 413.
JOSHUA WILSON.
Tunbridge Wells.
Germination of Seeds (2nd S. ii. 117. 198. 239.)
— Has T. W. ever observed the growth of wild
camomile in places where habitations have been,
sometimes marking the precise ground-plan of
the buildings ? I have repeatedly noticed these
square patches in various parts of England, and I
have reason to think that in more than one in-
stance they mark the site of buildings belonging
to a very remote period ; in one instance that of a
Roman villa. I do not pretend to account for
this, but I think it might be a guide to the ar-
chaeologist in making excavations. G. M. Z.
Kenilworth.
Premature Interments (2nd S. ii. 233.) — ARTERUS
sends a cutting respecting Dr. Graham and a lady
being buried for six hours in his earth bath. This
reminds me that in Moore's Diary, &c., it is as-
serted that the young lady who was Dr. Graham's
" assistant " on these occasions was no other than
the afterwards beautiful, and unfortunate, Lady
Hamilton. Can any of your readers tell me if it
was so? Moore also alludes to this subject in
another place, where he says that one of our poets,
I forget which, went to Malvern, where this earth
bath had been established ; and as the poet could
not find auditors to hear his lines, he revenged
himself by reading his productions to the in-
dividuals who were earthed up to the neck, feeling
assured that if his audience were not delighted, at
least, they were patient listeners. BA.C.
Modern Judaism (2nd S. ii. 148.) — I would
refer the querist on this subject to The Transac-
tions of the Parisian Sanhedrim (1807), which was
convened by the great Napoleon, for the purpose
of obtaining some official definition of modern
Judaism, at least as far as the French Jews were
concerned. Grace Aguilar's works could also be
read with advantage and interest.
GOODWYN BARMBY.
" Sewers," " Blawn-sheres" " Se wells" SfC. (2nd
S. ii. 65.237.) — My authority for reading the
word sewells I transcribe for Q. from Ellis's
Letters, 2nd Series, vol. ii. p. 61. (the original is in
Cotton MS. Faust, vii. 205.) :
" We fownde one Mr. Grenefelde, a gentilman of Buk-
ynghamshire, getheryng up part of the said bowke leiffs
(as he saide), there to make him sewells or blawn-sherrs
to kepe the dere within the woode, thereby to have the
better cry with his howndes."
The passage I had already inserted in my " Wil-
liam of Wykeham and his Colleges."
MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A.
Engraved Portraits (2nd S. ii. 210.) —There is
now in course of publication La Manuel de
L1 Amateur D'Estampes, contenant Un Dictionnaire
des Graveurs, et un Repertoire des Etampes, etc. ;
Un Dictionnaire des Monogrammes des Gravenrs, et
une Table Methodique des Etampes decrites par
M. A. L. Blanc : Paris, chez P. Jannet, Rue de
Richelieu, en Livraisons. 7 or 8 livraisons are at
present in publication. The work is very copious :
full of information, and of course useful to the
collector. It is far more extensive than Bromley,
or than the Catalogue of the Evanses. C. F.
" Standing in another's Shoes" (2nd S. ii. 187.)
— Probably this phrase, or its equivalent, may be
found in many languages ; the legal use of the
shoe is of remote antiquity. We read in Ruth,
iv. 7. :
" Now this was the manner in former time in Israel
concerning redeeming and concerning changing, for to
confirm all things : a man plucked off his shoe, and gave
it to his neighbour; and this was a testimony in Israel."
So, likewise, in Psalms, Ix. 8. : " Over Edom will
I cast out my shoe," — God's promise to David of
victory over the Edomite : vide 2 Sam. viii. 14.
DELTA.
2nd g. NO 40., OCT. 4. '5G.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
279
Early Illustrated English Versions of Ariosto
(2nd S. ii. 173.) — The first English translation of
Ariosto is that of Sir John Harington, of which
the following is the title : —
" Orlando Furioso in English Heroical Verse, by John
Haringto. Imprinted at London, by Richard Field,
dwelling in the Black-friers by Ludgate, 1591. Folio,
pp. 49G."
The title is in the middle of a neat frontispiece,
well executed, by Coxon ; in which are introduced
portraits of Harington and Ariosto ; full-length
figures of Mars, Venus, and Cupid. There are
other ornamental devices, and a portrait of the
author's favourite dog, to which an allusion is
made in the notes to Book xli. Each book is pre-
ceded by a curious engraving, showing the prin-
cipal incidents described by the poet at one view.
It was again " Imprinted at London, by Richard
Field, for John Norton and Simon Waterson,
1607;" and " now thirdly revised and amended,
with the addition of the author's Epigrams :
London, printed by G. Miller, for J. Parker, 1634."
The frontispiece to the third edition was re-en-
gruved, and the portraits and figures reversed.
The other prints are from the same copper-plates,
but have undergone the process of re-touching.
EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
Mortuaries (2nd S. ii. 172.) —
"Mortuaries, — The second best, animal was of old paid
upon the death of any person to the incumbent, in satis-
faction for all tithes designedly or undesignedly sub-
tracted by the deceased during his lifetime. But now, by
stat. Hen. VIII. c. 6., no man shall pay a mortuary except
he died possessed of goods to the value of ten marks. If
he have ten marks, but under 30Z., he shall pay 3s. Gd ;
if above 30/. and under 40/., then 6s. 8d. ; if above 40/.
then he shall pay 10s. ; but nowhere more than hath been
accustomed." — Johnson's Vade Mecnm, i. 255. [203.]
I presume mortuaries are seldom claimed, ex-
cept where persons die worth 401. They are due
to the clergyman of the parish where such persons
die. I have myself claimed and received them for
parishioners who have been buried elsewhere.
E. H. A.
Sir Edmund Andros (2nd S. ii. 209.) — Ancient
family records confirm the truth of the on dit
given by MR. HOPPER, in reference to the first
Andros, who settled in Guernsey. His Christian
name was " John," and he accompanied Sir Peter
Meautis thither, in the capacity of his lieutenant,
A.D. 1543.
The said " John," great-grandfather of Sir Ed-
mund Andros, figures at the root of the family
pedigree as John Andros, or Andrews, born at
Northampton. No mention, however, is made of
the particular family of either of those names from
whom this ancestor of the present Guernsey fa-
mily descends. The circumstance of its having
from time immemorial borne the former name is,
ioubtless, attributable to the fact that Andros is
better adapted to the pronunciation of the natives
of the island than Andrews, the w of which — a
stranger to their language — is denied the hospitable
privilege of naturalisation.
A family of the name of Andrews, or Andrew,
of Northampton, bears the same arms as those of
Andros, or Andrews, of Guernsey, but heretofore,
as already stated, of Northampton. But this re-
markable coincidence leads to the probability,
rather than to the certainty, of the fact that the
ancestors of the latter family were originally of
the house of the former. C. A.
"Take a hair of the dog that bit you" (2nd S. ii.
239.) — For the information of B . W. B. I send
the following. As the song is very short I send
you the whole of it ; the date of the same may be
surmised from, its reference to Lilly the astro-
loger :
<; If any so wise is that sack he despises,
Let him drink his small beer and be sober,
And while we drink and sing, As if it were spring,
He shall droop like the trees in October.
But be sure, over night, if this dog you do bite,
You take it henceforth for a warning,
Soon as out of your bed, to settle your head,
With a hair of his tail in the morning.
" Then be not so silly To follow old Lilly,
There's nothing but sack that can tune us,
Let his Ne assuescas be put in his cap-case,
Sing Bibito Vinum Jejunus.
Then if any so wise is, &c."
DOT.
It appears that our amusing diarist derived a
benefit from this proverbial recipe. Pepys says,
under Aprils, 1661 :
" Up among my workmen, my head akeing all day
from last night's debauch. At noon dined with Sir W.
Batten and Pen, who would have me drink two good
draughts of sack to-day, to cure me of my last night's
disease, which I thought strange, but I think find it
true."
J. Y.
" Stunt" (2nd S. ii. 237.)— Ray gives the same
definition of this word asHalliwell does, and derives
it from the A.-S. stunt, which Bosworth explains to
mean blunt, stupid, foolish. Ray calls it a Lin-
colnshire word. He hints at its derivation from
the verb to stand ; and in Lincolnshire anything
which seems to have stopped short of its full growth
is called stunted or stinted. The proverb, " He's as
stunt as a burnt wong," is rendered in the south-
eastern division of Lincolnshire "as tough as a
burnt wong;" wong (thong} meaning a slip of lea-
ther, generally whit-leather. One of the meanings
of tough, as given by Webster, is stiff, \\Qtflexible;
and certainly a leather wong that had been burnt
and shrivelled up would be anything but flexible ;
it would be stiff, stunt, and obstinate to change.
PISHEY THOMPSON.
Stoke Newington.
280
NOTES AND QUERIES.
d S. No 40., OCT. 4. '56.
The House of Brunswick and the Casting Vote
(2nd S. ii. 44. 97. 198.) •*- I have received a com-
munication from Mr. Richard Sainthill, of Cork,
in which he informs me that he has in his posses-
sion the second edition of a work entitled A Ifis-
tory of the House of Brunswick, and bearing the
date of 1716. In this work, from the 345th to the
348th page is occupied by a list of the " ayes "
and " noes " in the memorable division which
placed the Elector of Hanover on the throne of
these realms. The list is printed in two parallel
columns, and stands thus: "Ayes 118, noes 117."
At the bottom of the list of ayes are the following
names :
" Sir Arthur Owen, Bart.
Griffith Rice, Esq.
Tellers,
Sir John Holland.
- Sir Matthew Dudley."
As there is no alphabetical order or precedence
of rank in the list, it is to be presumed that the
names were set down in the order of voting. This
statement, taken in connexion with Debrett's' nar-
rative, ought, in my humble opinion, to settle the
question. JOHN PAVIN PHILLIPS.
Haverfordwest.
Mankind and their Destroyers (2nd S. ii. 210.)
— The following passage, though not exactly
in the same words, nor by a French writer, em-
bodies so completely the idea expressed in the
sentence quoted by A. P. S., that I am led to be-
lieve that it may be the one of which he is in
search :
" As long as mankind shall continue to bestow more
liberal applause on their destroyers than on their bene-
factors, the thirst of military glory will ever be the vice
of the most exalted characters." — Gibbon's Decline and
Fall, chap. I.
I believe that it is Franklin who has a remark
(where ?) to the effect that when man destroys
man, he attaches no shame to the deed, and per-
forms it openly in the light of day (except from
fear of punishment) ; but that when the question
is to create one, he hides himself in holes and
corners. Man is not the only animal to whom
the remark applies ; and I cite it as suggesting
inquiry and reflection upon an obscure and neg-
lected point in psychological science.
WILLIAM BATES.
Birmingham.
Winchester Epitaphs (2nd S. ii. 195.)— Will
MR. GUNNER oblige me by ascertaining whether
the memorial, said to have been inscribed on brass
to Sir Henry Seymour of Harwell, co. Hants, and
to his wife Barbara, is still extant in Winchester
Cathedral? Or whether there is any register
there that would give the dates of their burial ?
Sir Henry died about the year 1578.
PATONCE.
Illustrations of the Simplon (2nd S. ii. 211.) —
Does H. J. refer to Brockedon's Passes of the
Alps, published in or about the year which he
mentions (1823) ? H. E. CARRINGTON.
Chronicle Office, Bath.
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pupi-rs of considerable interest, among others one b>/ SIR F. MADDEN,
mi <J;;tzVon Berlichingen ; one by Mr. HART, on the Petitions of Titus
Oates ; SHAKSPEAHIANA ; and our usual NOTES ON BOOKS.
Answers to Correspondents in our next.
ERRATUM. _ 2nd S. ii. 218. col. 1. 1. 5., for " Rypres " read" Ypres."
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favour of the Publisher, MR. GEORGE BELL, No. 186. Fleet Street.
2nd s. N° 41., OCT. 11. J58.]
NOTES AND QUERIES. '
281
LONDON, SATURDAY, OCTOBER 11, 1856.
(JOTZ VON BERLICHINGEN WITH THE IRON HAND.
To English readers this personage is well known
as the hero of Goethe's tragedy of that name,
translated by Sir Walter Scott, in. 1799. He
flourished in the reign of Maximilian I., and is
represented as a zealous champion for the privi-
leges of the free-knights, in opposition to the
princes and bishops. In consequence of the feuds
in which he was engaged (contrary to the Edict
of 1495), he was repeatedly laid under the ban of
the Empire. This is all we learn of him from
Scott's meagre preface to his translation, but he
refers to a Life of Gotz published at Nuremberg
in 1731, and to Meusel's Inquiry^ into History,
vol. iv. Goethe terms Gotz "the mirror of knight-
hood, noble and merciful in prosperity, dauntless
and true in misfortune." However true this may
be, the excesses committed by the forces under
his guidance obtained him a very evil reputation
among the religious communities whose buildings
or treasures were spoliated by the undisciplined
mob. A remarkable and interesting piece of evi-
dence on this subject is afforded by a memorandum
made in a Latin Evangeliary of the fourteenth
century, formerly belonging to the monastery of
Amerbach, not far from Nordlingen, in Bavaria,
which was sold by auction a few years since at
Puttick and Simpson's rooms, in which the follow-
ing testimony is recorded against the iron-handed
champion :
" Anno do. 1525, facta est desolacio hujus libri, auro,
argento, gemmisque tecti, in vigilia P[h]ilippi et Jacobi,
a quodam nobilitaris (sic) titulo insignito, Goez de Ber-
lingen nomine, et alio rusticanae fecis antesignano, Georgio
a Ballenbergk ; lanio arte, factis vero et artibus nomine
perfido, latrone, et proprii honoris prodigo ; cleri, nobili-
tatis, ac proprii domini, contra evangelicas tocius quoque
naturalis legis sanctiones persequutore infestissimo ; ec-
clesiarun^insuper et religiosorum locorum devastatore et
exterminatore atrocissimo."
The damaged state of the volume, bereft of its
costly covering of gold, silver, and gems, and with
some of the leaves sacrilegiously torn out, may
perhaps be considered to have afforded sufficient
provocation to counterbalance the exceeding
wrath and bad Latin of the monkish writer of the
memorandum, who may very possibly have been
the librarian of Amerbach, when the ruthless
hands of Gotz or his men were laid on the vo-
lume. In recent times, however, the library of
Amerbach has been subjected to still greater de-
vastation, and the manuscripts, I believe, entirely
dispersed. Many of these, after a devious course,
have found, by my means, a resting-place in the
British Museum ; where, it is to be hoped, no bad
imitator of the iron-fisted Gotz von Berlichingen,
or his followers, may violate their integrity.
F. MADDEN.
PETITIONS OF DR. TITUS GATES.
Dr. Titus Gates is a name which in English
history will be handed down to posterity covered
with obloquy : his daring insinuations, and the
pertinacity with which he adhered to them ; in
short, his villanous perjuries, which involved in
disgrace and ruin many innocent persons, under
the pretext of their being participators in the
Popish Plot, have earned for him a reputation
worthy only of himself; he is known to us but to
be despised, while even the cruel treatment to
which he was submitted will not gain for him any
pity. To all readers of our history the particulars
of the celebrated Popish Plot are well known, and
the machinations of Dr. Titus Gates have been
detailed to us afresh by Mr. Macaulay : I am not
therefore about to speak of any facts with which
we are already familiar, but shall proceed to lay
before your readers two petitions of Dr. Gates to
the king, in the year 1697, which have never, to
my knowledge, yet been published. They are
now deposited in the Public Record Office. The
first one is entirely in Oates's handwriting ; the
other is neatly written on a large open sheet of
paper, and was only signed by him ; the signatures
however have both been cut out at some time
previously to the documents being transferred
from the Treasury to the Public Record Office,
but when, it is not now possible to determine.
Charles II., in reward of Oates's services in dis-
closing the supposed plot, allowed him a pension
of forty pounds per month, which was afterwards
withdrawn; he was then prosecuted for perjury,
and received a severe sentence, which was carried
out in an extreme manner (see Macaulay's His'
tory of England, vol. i. p. 484.). On the accession
of William III. he was restored to his pension,
but in the year 1693 the payments were discon-
tinued, and he made repeated applications to the
king, but without success ; at last in the year
1697 he petitioned the king thus :
" May it please yor Matie.
" I throw my self at your Maties feet and humbly begg
that you would graciously be pleased to take my de-
plorable condition into your Royal Consideration, I having
been debarred of the pension your Matie was pleased to
restore me unto at your accession to the Crowne. I have
contracted severall debts for which I am every day
threatened to bee cast into Prison, and 1 there must
perish unles your Matie of your Princely goodness do
order mee the sum of 5001i, which will in a great measure
deliver mee and save my poor self and family from ruine
and distruction. I have not clothes worthy to appeare
before your Matle, and therefore I humbly present this
Memoriall and lay it at your Royall Feet.
" I am,
« Yor Matie« most humble and Loyall
and Dutifull subject and Servant."
(In dorso)
« 21 Apr. 1697. Read.
" The King will give no more than his allowance."
282
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2n<* S. NO 41., OCT. 11. '56.
This petition not producing the desired effect,
Gates, presented another at greater length, in
which he gives a resume of his proceedings from
the commencement ; thus :
" To the Kings most Excellent Ma*y«
" The deplorable Case and humble
Petition of Dr. Titus Gates.
" Humbly sheweth
" That your Petr in the year 1678 discover'd a horrid
Popish Conspiracy for ye destruction of King Charles 2d,
and vor Ma*y and the Protestant Religion within these
Kingdoms and all over Europe, and proved it so fully that
severall Parliam*8 and Courts of Justice before whome he
gave his Testimony declared their beleif of it by Publick
Votes, and the Condemnation of severall of ye Conspira-
tors That upon this Ace1 the Popish Party pursued yor
Petr wth an implacable Malice, attempting severall times
to take away his Life, and being defeated in those attempts,
thcv first procured the sd King Charles 2d to with-
draw that Protection and subsistence that ye sd King had
allowed him at the Request of Severall Parlia*", wch was
40H p' Month, and then instigated his Royall Highness
the Duke of York to prosecute yor Petr in an Action of
Scandal um Magnatum for speaking this Notorious Truth
(viz) That ye sd Duke of Yorke was reconcil'd to ye
Church of ifome, and that it is high Treason to be so
rcconcil'd, wherein a Verdict and Judgm* for 100,000U
Damages Avere obtain'd against yor Petr, and yor Petr
comitted to y° Kings Bench Prison ye Popish
party, obtain'd leave from King Charles 2d to p'ferr Two
severall Indictm*8 against yor Petr for two p'tended Per-
juries in his Evidence concerning ye sd Conspiracy, wch
they brought on to a Try all in ye Reign of King James 2d,
and yor Petr upon the Testimony of those very Witnesses
who' had confronted him in three former Try alls, and
were disbeleiv'd (through ye partiall behaviour of y°
Chief Justice Jefferies, in browbeating yorPetrsW5ttnesscs,
and misleading yc Jurys) was convicted of yc sd pretended
Periurys, and Receiv'd this inhumane and unparalel'd
sentence (viz.) To pay '2000 Markes to yc King, To be
devested of his Cannonicail Habit. To be brought into
Westmr Hall wth a Paper upon his Head with this In-
scription, Titus Gates Convict upon full evidence of Two
horrid Perjurys. To stand in and upon yc Pillory two
severall days for yc space of an hour. To be Whipt by ye
Comon Hangman from Allgate to NeAvgate on Wensday,
and Fryday following from Newgate to Tyburn, To stand
in and upon ye Pillory five times every yeare of his life,
and to remain a Prison during life.
" This sentence (as yor Petr beleives) was to murder
him, and was Executed accordingly wth all y* circum-
stances of Barbarity, llee having suffer' cl some thousands
of Stripes, whereby he was put to unspeakable Tortures,
and lav Ten weeks under yc Chyrurgions hands. Neither
did their Malice and Cruelty cease here, but because yor
Petr (through yc mercy of God supporting him, and ye
extraordinary skill of a Judicious Chyrurgion) outliv'd
yl barbarous Useage, some of them got "into his Chamber,
and whilst he was weak in Bed, and attempted to pull off
his Plaistera apply'd to cure his Back and threatned to
destroy him. That nothing within their power and
malice might be wanting to compleat yor Petrs misery,
they procured him to be loaded wth Irons of Excessive
weight, i'or one whole yeare without any Intermission,
oven when his Leggs were swollen wth ye Gout, and to be
fehut up in y° Hole or Dungeon of ye sd Prison, whereby
he became impaired of his Limbs, and contracted convul-
sion Fills to y" hazard of his Life. All which illegall
proceedings, and barbarous Inhumanitys were not only
intended against yor Petr as a Revenge upon him, but
likewise to cast a Reproach upon ye wisdome and honour
of fouer successive Parliam*8 who had given him Credit,
and upon ye Publick Justice of ye Nation. During the
time that this Prosecution was upon yor Petr, severall
Noblemen and Gentlemen, Citizens and others contri-
buted 400U p' Anu for his support and maintenance, wch
yor Petr enjoy'd till yor Ma*y, at ye request of yor Maly«
Two Houses of Parliam*, restored to him yor Petr y° sd
Pension of 40U p' Month, after he had ben depriv'cl thereof
Nine years, to his losse above 5000". That yor Petr en-
joy'd his sd Pension of 40U p' month from SeptemV 1689
to Lady day 1692. Afterwards yor Petr" Pension (under
p'tence that ye Subsidys granted to yor Maty for carrying
on the Warr against France fell short of yor Maty8 ex-
pectation), and was retrench'd at ye Instigation of Sr
Edward Saymer, and yor Maty being then in Flanders
yor Petr submitted to ye Non paym* of his Pension, till y«
return of yor Maty from thence. That in ye Month of Ja-
nuary 169^ yor Petr made his humble application to yor
Ma*y that his Pension of 40U p' Month might be paid him,
and yor Maty was graciously pleas'd to tell yor Petr that y«
Pension of 40U p' Month should be continued, and con-
stantly paid, and coiiianded yor Petr to depend upon
yor Maty for ye same, and yor Petr did accordingly de-
pend upon yor Maty Royall promise for ordering yc
same to be paid : But when yor Ma*y was gon again
for Flanders yor Petr made his application to ye Ld«
Com" of ye TreaT, and found no Order given for y6
Paym1 of yc sd 40U p' Month to ye great astonishment of
yr Petr, he judging himself secure, when he had so posi-
tive a promise from yor Ma'y. That upon yor Ma*y8 re-
storing yor Petr to his Pension, yor Pet" friends judging
him to be provided for, thought themselves no longer
obleiged to contribute to his Maintenance, so that he is
altogether destitute and unprovided for, and he having
run in debt upon ye strength of yor Ma*ys Royall promise
the sume of 1606H, of wch he has receiv'd the suine of
650U, wch he paid to his Credit" in part, and for yc rest
he fears every day to be cast into Prison, and cannot be
Reliev'd unless by yor Mafy, and is forced to leave his
house for feare of being arrested for his Debts, for \vch
there are severall Warrts out against him. That yor
Petr made his application to yor Maty in the Yeares
169^; 169g; 169|; 169f, but Avithout success, and was in
a miserable condition, they being hard Winters, and had
a poore aged Mother to maintain, by wch means he is run
more into debt, and must inevitably perish unless yor
Ma*y si]an th^ fitt to fulfill yor Royall word to yor
Petr, and pay his debts in lieu of these six years being
kept out of his Pension, and now restore him again to
his Pension given by yor Ma'y at ye request of both
Houses of Parliament. That yor Pet* has been arrested
for debt, and was taken in Execution, and doth ow.ne y*
he has receiv'd 650U towards paym* of his debts, but is
(wth all severity) pursued for ye remainder by his sd
Credit" unless all be paid and speedily p'vented, so that
his Wife and Family will be turn'd out of dores, and yor
Petr perish in Prison, wch will be very hard after five
years unjust Imprisonm* and such barbarous usage by ye
Malice of ye Popish party. That yor Petr has no estate
of his own, nor any Imploym* to support him, his Pen-
sion being his whole and only subsistence, yor Petr
humbly conceives y* yor Maty will judge that he cannot
live, if he be depriv'd of it, or any part thereof. That the
Enemys of yor Ma*y* Govcrnm*, who have expected yor
Pet" Ruine and daily desire it, Rejoyce at ye depriving
him of his Pension.
" The premises consider'd Yor Petr throws himself
at yor Ma^ Royall feet, and prays yor Ma*y to
take his deplorable Case into yor Royall con-
sideration (since yor Maty has obtain'd an Honble
2»* S. NO 41., OCT. 11. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
283
Peace), so that yor Petr may receive ye Arriers
of his Pension, to discharge his Debts, and that
he may be Restor'd to his Pension of 4011 p'
Month, that he and his distressed Family may
not starve for want of Bread, and that yor poor
Petr may not give yor Ma*? any further trouble.
" And yor Petr shall ever pray, &c."
[In dorso.]
" Dr Gates,
" To the Treasury,
" To be layd before ye K."
In the Treasury Minute Book for 1697, we
find, among the proceedings on December 8,
when the petition was read, the following entry :
" Dr Gates, Peticon read, 50U."
And on July 15, 1698, another minute was
made to this effect :
" Dr Gates called in, my Lords tell him that pursuant
to the King's command he is to have 500U to pay his
debts, and 30011 p' ann from Midsr last, during his and
his wife's life, out of the Revenues of the Post Office, and
he is to expect noe more out of secret service money."
On August 15, 1698, 500Z. was paid to Gates
out of the Exchequer, in pursuance of this order.
WILLIAM HENRY HART.
Albert Terrace, New Cross.
SHAKSPEARIANA.
Falstaff's Death. — If one is but vigilant in
newspaper reading, how much may be culled from
current events in evidence of Shakspeare's truth-
fulness and accuracy in dealing with human na-
ture. I read in The Times of Aug. 23, 1856, in
the trial of Betsey McMullen for the murder of
her husband, the following facts given in evidence.
James Dorien, surgeon, says :
" On Monday before his death a little sallowness ap-
peared on his skin. On Tuesday this was well developed,
and he picked the bed clothes He rambled much in his
conversation. He died on Wednesday morning."
Samuel Taylor Chadwick, surgeon, deposes :
" I have attended cases of gastro-enteritis which have
proved fatal. It is frequently followed by a typhoid fever,
and the patients are out of their minds, and clutch at the
clothes."
How forcibly is one reminded of Mrs. Quickly's
description of Falstaffs death in Hen. V. Act II.
Sc. 3. :
" For after I saw him fumble with the sheets, &c. I
knew there was but one way."
Mr. Chadwick told the jury that this complaint
is caused by " alcohol or other irritant substances."
Does it not seem to follow that poor FalstafF fell
a victim to gastro-enteritis caused by excessive
indulgence in sack, &c. ?
C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY.
Birmingham.
Hamlet, Act 1. Sc. 3. (2nd S. ii. 206.) — I can-
not agree with MR. INGLEBY that this is " one of
the most certain restorations of the text of Shak-
speare that has ever been effected by the reading
and ingenuity of critics." For, I think that un-
likely to be a correct restoration which requires
two pages of print to render it intelligible, while
the original reading may be shown to be more
proper and pregnant in two lines.
I have more than once in these pages endea-
voured to vindicate the correctness of the first
folio, and the more I study it the more thoroughly
I am convinced of its exceedingly great value.
Most people confess it to be our only authority,
but strangely enough they are always wishing to
meddle with its text, as if it were of no authority
whatever in cases where (as I have frequently
shown in these pages) it is only their own acumen
which is at fault. MR. INGLEBY is actually worse
than many, for he misquotes the text of the first
folio; or, perhaps I ought to say, he ignores it,
and sets up the first quarto in its place.
The passage as it stands in my first folio is as
follows, literatim :
" Costly thy habit as thy purse can buy ;
But not exprest in fancie ; rich, not gawdie :
For the apparell oft proclaimes the man.
And they in France of the best ranck and station,
Are of a most select and generous cheff in that."
A cheff, or cheffe, as any one may see in Skin-
ner, is a measure by which cloth and fine linen
was sold. H. C. K.
Rectory, Hereford.
Adulteration of Food in Shakspeare's Day. —
At this present time, when John Bull is just be-
ginning to be alive to the danger of eating arid
drinking poisoned victuals, it becomes interesting
to inquire whether these malpractices were re-
sorted to by dishonest dealers in Shakspeare's
day. I say by dishonest ones, for it is, no doubt,
quite a modern custom for honest ones to sell a
scorpion for a fish, or a stone for a loaf of bread.
In 1 Henry IV., Act II. Sc. 4., we find an al-
lusion to the practice of adulterating sack with
lime:
" Falstaff. You rogue, there is lime in this sack too :
There is nothing but roguery to be found in villainous
man : Yet a coward is worse than a cup of sack with lime
in it."
Again in The Alchemist, Act I. Sc. 1., Face speaks
of the excellent quality of the tobacco sold by
D rugger :
" He does not
Sophisticate it with sack-lees or oil,
Nor washes it in muscadel and grains,
Nor buries it in gravel, underground,
Wrapp'd up in greasy leather, or p — 'd clouts."
These examples will serve to start the game.
Doubtless some of your correspondents who are
284
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2"<i S. NO 41., OCT. 11. '56.
fuller men than I ain will not fail to do justice to
this interesting subject. C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY.
Birmingham.
Shakspeare and Charles Lamb. — So happy an
explanation of a passage in The Tempest, which
has exercised commentators not a little, appeared
in the London Magazine, some thirty years or
more since, from the pen of this, certainly one of
the ablest expounders of the poet, that I trust
you will think with me it is worthy of perma-
nent record in the pages of " N. & Q." I have
not the magazine by me ; so am forced to use my
own words. The passage is —
« . . for one thing she did,
They would not take her life : "
and the reference is to Lycorax, Caliban's mother.
The one thing was, that the witch was pregnant,
— an exposition revealing the gentle feeling and
fine tact of Lamb, and flashing sunlight on the
great humanitarian, on him who wrote for all
time, and by "one touch of nature made the
whole world kin." DELTA.
" When we have shuffled off this mortal coil"
(2nd S. i. 221.; ii. 207.)— MR. C. M. INGLEBY
does not question what I said, that the word
" coil " occurs at least nine times in Shakspeare,
and in every case it manifestly means turmoil,
tumult. Nor does he produce any passage from
any author to countenance his interpretation of
l)ody. He says that he has demanded of several
friends what they understand by the passage in
Hamlet, and that they replied, " The body of the
person who makes the quietus." I would beg him
to ask them whether they think coil in the sense
of turmoil, or of body, the better contrast to quietus :
also whether the coil of a rope is a natural or ob-
vious metaphor for a human body. X.
ILLUSTRATIONS OF MACAULAT.
James II? s Proclamation of Pardon. — By a
curious oversight one-third of James II.'s Pro-
clamation of Pardon, dated March 10, 1685 (" N.
& Q.," 2nJ S. i. 228.), is omitted. The proclama-
tion, one of which has been handed to me by a
descendant of one of those excepted from the
pardon, is printed on three sheets. The first
commences " James li.," and ends " fully ex-
pressed." The third from " Mrs. Mary Bird " to
the end. The second sheet from "fully expressed"
to " Mrs. Mary Bird," is wanting, I presume, in
the copy in the Chetham Library at Manchester.
I send you a copy of the second sheet, which
renders the proclamation in " N. & Q." perfect.
T. J. ALLMAN.
42. Holboru Hill.
"Sheet No. 2.
" Excepted and always foreprized out of this Our
pardon, all Treasons committed or done in the parts be-
yond the Seas, or in any other place out of this Realm ;
And also excepted all offences in forging or false counter-
feiting the Great or Privy Seal, Sign Manual, or Privy
Signets, or any of Our Moneys currant [sic] within this
Our Realm, or of unlawful Diminution of any of the said
Moneys by any ways or means whatsoever, and all Abet-
ting, Aiding, Comforting, or Procuring the said offences,
or any of them.
" And also Excepted all voluntary Murders, Petty
Treasons, Wilful Poysonings, and all offences of being
accessary to the same, or any of them, before the Fact
committed; And also all Piracies and Robberies com-
mitted upon the Sea, Robberies upon the Highways,
Burglaries in Houses, and all offences of being accessary
to the said offences or any of them.
" And also Excepted the detestable and abominable vice
of Buggery, committed with Man or Beast ; all Rape and
Carnal Ravishment of Women; all Ravishments and
wilful taking away or Marrying of any Maid Widow or
Damsel against her will, or without the Consent or Agree-
ment of her Parents, or of such as then had her in Custody,
and all offences of Aiding, Comforting, Abetting, or Pro-
curing the said offences, or any of them.
" And also Excepted all offences of Perjury, Suborna-
tion of Witnesses, Razing, Forging, or Counterfeiting any !
Deeds, Escripts, Inquisitions, Indentures of Appraisment,
or other \Vritings, or publishing the same ; Forging or
Counterfeiting any Examinations or Testimonies of any
Witness or Witnesses tending to bring any Person or
Persons into Danger of his Life, and all procuring and
Counselling of any of the said offences.
"And also Except, all Treasons, Offences, Misde-
meanours and Contempts, other then such for which
Judgment of Pi-cemunire hath or may be given, or for not
coming to Church, of, and for which any Indictments,
Actions, Bill, Plaint or Information, or other Process at
any time within six years last past, hath been commenced,
sued or depended in any of his Majesties Courts at West-
minster, or other his Majesties Courts of Records held
within the Cities of London arid Westminster, and County
of Middlesex, and is there depending or remaining to be
prosecuted, or whereupon any Verdict, Judgment, Out-
lawry, or Decree is already Given, Awarded, or Entred;
And all Fines, Forfeitures and Penalties thereupon now
due or accrued, or which shall or may be due, accrue or
grow to the Kings Majesty, and all Executions for the
same.
" And also Except, all Informations and other Proceed-
ings concerning High-ways and Bridges, or for Repairing
County Gaols, and all Fines and Issues set or Returned
thereupon since the year 1679.
" And also Except, all offences in taking away, im-
bezling, or purloyning any Goods, Moneys, Chattels,
Jeuels, Armour, Munition, Stores, Naval Provisions,
Shipping Ordnance, or other Habiliments of War belong-
ing to Us or Our late Brother.
" And also Except, all oil'ences of Incest, Dilapidations,
or Simony.
" And also Except, all Contempts and Process there-
upon issuing in or out of any Court of Equity.
" And also Except, all Recognizances, Conditions or
Covenants, and all Penalties, Titles, and Forfeitures of
Offices, Conditions, or Covenants forfeited, Accrued, or
Grown to Us or to Our late Brother, by reason of the
Breach or not performing of any Office, Covenant, or Con-
dition whatsoever.
" Also Excepted all Concealments, Frauds, Corruptions,
Misdemeanours, and Offences whereby We or Our late
2nd
S. N° 41., OCT. 11. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
285
Brother have been deceived in the Collection, Payments,
or Answering of Our Revenues, or any part thereof, or
any other Money due to Us or received for Us or Him,
and all Forfeitures, Penalties, and Nomine penes thereupon
arising.
"Provided always, That nothing in this Our Pardon
contained shall Extend or be Construed to discharge any
Fines, Sums of Money recovered by Judgment, Fines pro
Licentia concordandi, Post Fines, Issues, or Amercia-
ments, lost, imposed, assessed, let or entred, in any Court
of Record whatsoever.
" And also Except all Persons who are as to an}' Pains,
Penalties, or Disabilities whatsoever Excepted out of the
Act of Free and General Pardon, Indemnity, and Ob-
livion, made in the Twelfth year of Our late Brother's
Reign, and also out of any other Act of Free and General
Pardon, since that time.
" Excepted also all Persons who after Conviction or
Attainder of, or for any manner of Treason, or Misprisions
of Treasons have been Transported, and such Attainted of
other notorious Crimes or Felonies have been Ordered or
Directed to be Transported into any of Our Foreign
Plantations.
" Except also all and every Person or Persons who in
a Traiterous and hostile manner Invaded this our Realm
with James Scott late Duke of Monmouth, and all and
every other Person or Persons who in the time of the late
Rebellion under the said late Duke of Monmouth were
officers, or had the Name and Repute of being Officers in
his Army.
" Except also all Fugitives and Persons fled from Our
Justice into parts beyond the Seas, or out of this our
Realm, who shall not return and render themselves to
Our Chief Justice, or some Justice of the Peace before the
nine and twentieth day of September next ensuing.
" And also Excepted out of this Our Pardon the Persons
hereafter particularly mentioned, viz. George Speke of
White Lackingtone, Esq., Mary Speke his wife, John
Speke, Esq., their son, Samuel Townesend of Ilminster,
Reginald Tucker of Long Sutton, James Hurd of Lang-
port, George Pavior of the same, Gabriel Spratt of Aish
Priors, George Cary of Glaston, John Lewis of Babcary,
Thomas Lewis of the same, John Parsons of the same,
Thomas Cram of Warminster, Place of Eddington,
Robert Gee of Martock, Hugh Chamberlain, William Sa-
vage of Taunton, Richard Slape of the same, John Palmer
of Bridg water, John Webber of the same, Henry Herring
of Taunton, Thomas Hurd of Langport, Christopher
Cooke of Wilton, Clothier, Amos Blinham of Galhampton,
Mrs. Musgrave, Schoolmistress, Mrs. Sarah Wye, Mrs.
Elizabeth Wye, Mrs. Catherine Bovet, Mrs. Scading, Mrs
Mary Blake, Mrs. Elizabeth Knash."
CHARLES LAMB'S ALBUM VERSES.
It^was the fashion a few years ago for ladies, in
particular, to request poets and men of genius and
reputation to write verses and their names in
their albums, in addition to drawings and en-
f ravings, &c., with which they illustrated them,
n the year 1830, Mr. Moxon published a volume
entitled Album Verses, with a few others, by Charles
Lamb. These album verses are addressed, some
of them to married, and others to unmarried,
ladies of Lamb's acquaintance. He at length
grew tired of writing such trifles. It happened
about ten years ago, as I was passing through
Chandos Street, London, that I saw in an old
bookseller's window, Lamb's tragedy of John
Woodville, with a leaf opened, in which was tran-
scribed in his well-known hand, the following lines,
which may be thought worthy to be perpetuated
in the columns of " N. & Q.," as I am not aware
they have ever before appeared in print. J. M. G.
Worcester.
" What is an Album ? Sept. 7th, 1830.
" 'Tis a book kept by modern young ladies for show,
Of which their plain grandmothers nothing did know;
A medley of scraps, half verse, and half prose,
And some things not very like either, God knows.
The soft first effusions of beaus, and of belles,
Of future Lord Byrons, and sweet L. E. L.s ;
Where wise folk and simple both equally join,
And you write your nonsense, that / may write mine.
Stick in a fine landscape, to make a display —
A flower-piece — a foreground — all tinted so gay,
As Nature herself, could she see them, would strike
With envy to think that she ne'er did the like.
And since some Lavaters with head-pieces comical
Have agreed to pronounce people's heads physiog-
nomical,
Be sure that you stuff it with autographs plenty,
All penned in a fashion so stiff and so dainty,
They no more resemble folk's ord'nary writing
Than lines penn'd with pains do extempore writing ;
Or our ev'ry day countenance (pardon the stricture),
The faces we make when we sit for our picture.
Thus you have, Madelina, an Album complete,
Which may you live to finish, and I live to see it.
9. LAMB."
ETYMOLOGY OF THE WORD "FELLOW."
According to Spelman, this word is derived
from the Saxon fe (fides), and lag (legatus) ;
whence felag, the final g of which being changed
into w, as is customary with the Anglo-Normans,
we get felawe ; as we find the word written by
Wickliff, Chaucer, and others. Hickes, on the
other hand, would trace it to the Anglo-Saxon
folgian, filigian, to follow. I feel, however, dis-
posed to doubt the accuracy of either of these
conjectures, and am rather inclined to trace the
word to the Greek <j>a\\bs, through the French
/allot, which signifies a cresset, or lantern or
candle affixed to the end of a pole ; and thus
resembling the phallus, or symbol of the repro-
ductive power of nature, as attached to the ex-
tremity of a thyrsus, and borne in heathen times
by the priests in celebrating the mystic rites of
Bacchus and Priapus. Hence the word /allot
became used as an epithet, in speaking of one
whose humour was Wright and sparkling as a
torch : —
« Sur ce propos voicy entrer Mardochee en la chambre,
gay et /allot." — Amadis de Gaule, torn. xi. chap. xiii.
"A qui le nainvint ouvrir tout gay et /allot" — Ib.t
chap. xxxi.
May I here incidentally hazard the conjecture
286
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2»d S. NO 41., OCT. 11. '56.
that from the fusion of these two epithets, thus
generally used in conjunction, we have arrived at
the composite good-fallow^ as appended to Robin ?
Thus, Robin Good-fellow, quasi Robin gai et
fallot,— & Bellenden Ker-ism, however, on which I
by no means insist. However this may be, the
word /allot presently became used in a substan-
tive sense : Rabelais thus employs it, playing upon
it in its twofold signification of bouffon and
lanterne : —
"Disant : Panurge, ho, monsieur le quitte, prendz Milord
Debitis h Calais, car il est goud /allot, et noublie debi-
toribus, ce sont lanternes. Ainsy auras et fallot et lan-
ternes." — Pantagruel, Liv. iii. chap, xlvii.
Here the connexion between gai fallot and good
fellow is evident. Rabelais elsewhere uses the
same epithet :
" Je le croy, en pareille induction que le gentil falot
Galen, diet la teste estre faicte pour les yeulx." — Ib,,
lib. iii. ch. vii.
Upon which passage Le Duchat remarks :
" Rabelais appelle gentil falot Galien, dans le sens qu'on
disait autrefois d'un homme agreable qu'il etait gai et
falot. Galien d'ailleurs, est 1'un des grands phares de la
medicine, et c'est lui qui a dit plaisamment qui la tete
£tait pose'e a 1'endroit le plus eleve du corps humain,
comme un falot est fiche sur un baton. C'est la raison
pourquoi Rabelais le qualifie de la sorte."
The earlier use of the word by ourselves appears
more reconcileable with the derivation which I
have suggested, than that of the etymologists
above mentioned. Thus, in the old translation of
the Bible (edit. 1549), from which Richardson's
Dictionary Supplement enables me to quote, we
find:
" And the Lord was with Joseph, and he was a luckie
felowe, and continued in the house of his master the
"Egyptian." — Genesis, xxxix.
" Of Moises, the fdow that brought us out of the land
of Egypt, we know not what is become." — Exod. xxxii.
I would say, in conclusion, that the foregoing
remarks are purely conjectural; and as such are
submitted to the opinion of better etymologists.
WILLIAM BATES.
Birmingham.
SHAFTESBURY HOUSE, LITTLE CHELSEA.
Among other interesting relics of the past that
have been within the last few years removed to
make room for the necessities of these times, in
this locality, one of the highest in association was
Shaftesbury House. It is believed to have been
built by Sir James Smith, in 1635. In 1699 the
learned and noble author of the Characteristics
purchased the estate, where he generally resided
while Parliament sat ; here Locke wrote part of
his Essay, and Addison some of his papers for the
Spectator. The earl quitted it in 1710 or 1711,
for Italy, having sold it to Narcissus Luttrell,
whose name has recently, through the use of his
Diary by our great historian, become familiar to
the public.
Faulkner, in his History of Chelsea, makes no
mention of Luttrell's residence here ; it is not
often he makes such an omission, and it is strange
he should not have been acquainted with the fact,
for in the extracts he prints from the Registers of
the parish are the following entries :
Burials, 1727. "Narcissus, son of Narcissus Luttrell,
Esq."
1732. " Narcissus Luttrell, esq., July 6th."
1740. " Francis Luttrell, September 3rd."
Luttrell's collection descended with Shaftesbury
House to Mr. Serjeant Wynne, on whose death
they came to his eldest son Edward Wynne, au-
thor of several legal tracts, who dying a bachelor
in 1785, the Rev. Luttrell Wynne, his brother,
became possessor, and two years after the house
was purchased by the parish of St. George, Han-
over Square, for their workhouse. Last summer
the authorities ordered its destruction, and its site
is now covered by a larger building for their poor.
Those who want a fuller history of this mansion
must refer to Faulkner's History of Chelsea, vol. i.
page 141, or to a much better description, from
the pen of Mr. Crofton Croker, in Fraser's Maga-
zine, February, 1845. He has illustrated his de-
scription with some capital sketches, now valuable
to the local collector, for I do not think others
exist. He doubts Locke's visiting here, however,
and I should like to have that point cleared up.
Perhaps as a note to Faulkner's History, and in
regard to Luttrell, this communication may be in-
serted. Ere, however, I conclude, let me insert
the following curious notice I copied from a
pocket-book of the time :
" This is to give notice that on Wednesday next will
begin the sale of al sorts of household Goods and linen
belonging unto — Gibbons, at his house at Little Chelsey,
next doore to the Ld. Shaftesbury's, he giving over house-
keeping."
H. G. DAVIS.
Knightsbridge.
Popular Amusements in 1683. — The subjoined
extract from a newspaper of the period may be
amusing, as showing what the amusements at
Newmarket were at that date, and how they were
intended to gratify all classes, from the king to
the clown :
" New -Market, March 15. — This day was a Race be-
tween a horse of Mr. Browne's, called Have-at-all, and the
Sussex-Pad. They rode 9 stone each, for 300?. a Horse,
and continued very equal a great while, till (at the turn-
ing of the Lands) Have-at-all had the ill fortune to break
one of his hind Legs short in two ; which being thought
2»d S. N« 41., OCT. 11. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
287
impossible to be cured, they order'd him to be shot upon
" After the Race was ended, His Majesty [Charles II.]
went to see a great match of Cock-fighting ; Her Majesty
went to take the air as far as the Coney- Warren, and
their Royal Highnesses went to take the air upon the
Heath.
" After which, there was a great Bull-baiting in the
Town, whither a great number of Countrey -people re-
sorted, to play their Dogs, which gave great satisfaction
to all the Spectator^.
• " About 3 of the clock in the afternoon there was a
Foot-Race between two Cripples, each having a wooden
Leg. They started fair, and hobbl'd a good pace, which
caused great admiration and laughter amongst the be-
holders ; but the tallest of the two won by two or three
yards."— The Loyal Protestant, No. 274, Tuesday, March
20, 168§.
/j..
Wartorfs " History of English Poetry" — The
writer of an article in the Quarterly Review
(xxiii. p. 153.) notices "a ludicrous mistake of
Warton's," Hist, of Eng. Poetry, vol. i. p. 350. (in
edit. 1824, vol. ii. p. 185.) :
" The story of Arthur," he says, " was also reduced into
modern Greek, M. Crusius relates that his friends, who
studied at Padua, sent him, in the year 1564, together
with Homer's Iliad, ' AtSaxal Regis Arthuri.' The words
in Crusius are ' Ai8ax«l Rarthuri.' The homilies of this
Avriter are well known to the modern Greeks."
While we smile at the original lapsus of Warton,
we must regret-that, after having been thus pointed
out in 1820, it should not have been corrected by
his editor in 1824. Y. B. K J.
Decline of Typography. — Mr. Rich, the late
bookseller and agent for the library of the Capitol,
Washington, U.S., told me that there exist books
printed in Spain about the time of Charles V., in
a place of which now (another Old Sarum) but
a few huts remain standing. Lissa, Leszna, also,
in Poland, where books have been printed up to
1640 or thereabouts, is at present mostly inha-
bited by trading Jewish families. In Czechia, also,
during the middle ages printing offices existed in
places where none are now in existence. These
will be a few addenda to a history of typography,
if a good one is to be written.
J. LOTSKY, Panslave.
15. Gower Street.
Loyalty in the Parish of St. Pancras. —
" On Saturday last there was in Pankridge Churchyard
a great congregation met, and a parson with them that
did read the booke of common Prayer and all the parts
thereof (according to that rubrick) appointed for the day,
and prayed for the late Q. of England and her children
thus : That God would blesse the Queen, wife to the late
King of England, Charles the first, her dread Lord and So-
veraigne husband, and to restore the royall issue to their just
rights, or wordes to that purpose."
Extracted from the small quarto newspapers,
Munday, June 18, to Munday, June 25, 3649.
CL. HOPPER.
Conflagration of Books, fyc. — Amongst the
most dire losses to Slavian (Czechian) history and
literature is the complete- burning down of the
Landtafel (land-table) at Prague in 1541. It con-
tained the archives of the country relating to
state, religious, and all public affairs, at that
period of the country's history when liberty and
people were yet of some consequence, and when
Czechian language and literature had reached the
highest degree of perfection. Since the year 1488
one, and subsequently two, printing presses had
existed in Prague, many of which incunabula also
perished in the fire. J. LOTSELY, Panslave.
15. Gower Street.
Initials and Finals — Your correspondent, (2nd
S. ii. 277.) who seems desirous to accumulate all
English words terminating in " -il" suggests to me
the inquiry, if there be in the English language
any compilation of all words according to their
initial and final syllables ? The French have a
work of that description for their tongue, which I
have found extremely convenient, and besides has
many tables ; and a collection also of most, and
those the principal, difficulties of that language.
The title-page of the work very copiously details
all its contents, which I must abridge, and simply
give you enough to distinguish it :
" Dictionnaire des Dictionnaires, par L. F. Darbois,
2i&me edition, Paris, Rue d'Enghien, No. 35. 1830. Royal
8vo., pp. 380."
To exemplify how M. Darbois treats your cor-
respondent's inquiry, at p. 158. he gives "finales"
" z'Z," " son dur, que Ton pron. He" twenty-four
French words. And p. 159., " z'Z, son i, finales"
eighteen French words. 4>.
Richmond, Surrey.
" The Advoydyng of Capitaines" — The follow-
ing, I think, is not unworthy of being ropublished,
at the present time, in the pages of " N. & Q."
In the official copy, from which I have correctly
transcribed it, it is entitled, A Proclamacion for
the advoydyng of Capitaines out of the Citee of
London; and is dated July 20, in the fourth year
of the reign of King Edward VI.
HENRY KENSINGTON.
" The. kynges most royall maiestie, by the aduise of
his priuie counsaill, straightly chargeth and commaundeth,
all maiier Capitaines, Officers of bandes and Souldiours,
aswell Englishe as straungers, of what nacion soeuer thei
be, whiche are not presently entertayned, in his highnes
wages, and haue been paied for their seruice, by the
Threasurers thereunto appoynted, accordyng to their capi-
tulacions, vntill the daie of their cassyng and dismission :
that thei, and euery of theim, faile not to depart, and
auoyde from this Citee of London, the Suburbes, and the
members of the same, within three daies after this present
Proclamacion published, upon pain that if any of the
aforsaied Capitaines, Officers of bandes, or souldiours, be
found after that daie to remain, or lodge, within the saied
citie, Suburbes, or membres of the same, contrary to the
289
NOTES AND QUEEIES.
[2*1 S. N« 41., OCT. 11. '56.
tenor and effect hereof, he or thei so offendyng, shall
suffre straight emprisonment, with further punishment at
his maiesties pleasure.
"Prouided alwaies that this Proclamacion, ne any
thyng therein conteined, shall not extende to any ordi-
nary pencioner, stranger, or to any other seruaunt of the
kynges maiestie, or seruaunt to any other noble rtian or
gentleman ; but that thei maie continue, and remain here
at their libertie, as before, without daungier or restraint
hereof accordyngly."
Queen Mary's surreptitious Heir. — The alleged
trick of James II. — the foisting upon the nation
a surreptitious heir — would appear to have been
attempted before. In 1555 reports of Queen
Mary's pregnancy were, as is well known, indus-
triously circulated. Even a rumour got abroad
that a son was born, and the bells were rung, and
sermons preached, in honour of the event — one
preacher even describing the beauty of the prince.
Now Fox, the Martyrologist, writes :
" There did come to me, whom I did both see and hear,
one Isabel Malt, a woman dwelling in Aldersgate Street,
in Horn Alley, who before witness made this declaration
unto us: That she being delivered of a man-child upon
"Whitsunday in the morning, which was the llth day of
June, 1555, there came to her the Lord North, and an-
other Lord, to her unknown, dwelling then about Old
Fish-street, demanding of her if she would part with her
child, and would swear that she never knew nor had anv
such child. Which, if she would, her son, they said,
should be well provided for, she should take no care for
it; with many fair offers if she would part with the
child.
" After that came some women also, of whom one they
said should have been the rocker; but she in no wise
would let go her son, who at the writing hereof being
alive, and called Timothy Malt, was of the age of 13
years and upward."
I shall be glad to know whether any credence
should be given to this testimony ; and whether
any documents exist which would tend to throw
light upon this matter. THRELKELD.
Dean Wotton, temp. Henry VIII. — In Words-
worth's Ecclesiastical Biography (vol. iv.), when
speaking of Dean Nicholas Wotton, he states as a
singular fact that so few of the Dean's letters and
papers should be known to exist, considering the
numerous and important negotiations in which he
was engaged, but states that —
" Two very curious volumes of historical and genealo-
gical collections, in the handwriting of the dean, are
preserved in the British Museum, and the late Sir George
Nayler possessed a similar volume.* These volumes
[* The editor of the fourth edition of Wordsworth's
Eccles. Biography, the late Mr. John Holmes of the Bri-
tish Museum, states that the volume, formerly in the
possession of Sir George Nayler, is now (1852) in the
library of Sir Thomas Phillipps, Bart - ED. ] '
sufficiently attest the writer's great knowledge and re-
search."
Can any of your readers enable me to discover
these books ? The first two named I have in vain
searched for in the British Museum, but I pre-
sume they must be there. W. (Bombay).
London. •
^'Entitled" or "Intituled"— Are we quite
right in speaking of a work as being entitled so-
and-so, e. g. The Paradise Lost f Should we not
(as I believe is the case in acts of parliament) say
intituled f And again, in asserting ownership, in-
stead of saying, " he is entitled to an estate," would
it not be more correct to say intituled, i. e. in him
is vested the title, titulus, to it ? Y. B. N. J.
Capt. R. Browne of Gually's Dragoons. — In
the Army List of 1810, under the heading of
" List of the Officers of the Land Forces and of
the Royal Marines on Half-Pay," p. 501., I find
the first name entered to be that of Capt. Robert
Browne, who is described as " en second " of
Gually's Dragoons, disbanded in 1712-13. There
is a similar entry in the Army List of 1809 ; and
in those of 1811 up to 1815, this same Captain
Browne figures as being still on half-pay. From
these entries it would seem that after becoming a
captain, the gallant officer enjoyed half-pay for
104 years ! Can any of your correspondents give
information regarding either Gually's Dragoons,
or this Nestor of half-pays ? W.
Symlols of Saints. — I have an old painting
which represents the half-length figure of a female,
vested in a dark cloak, drawn over the head like
a hood, with the edge of a plain cap showing
below, and a crown of thorns wreathed outside it.
The neck is swathed in white linen. The hands
are pressed on the breast, and the right holds a
crucifix; the cross blossoming out on either side
in flowers resembling lilies, and its top shooting
up into a stem of flowers, amongst which a paper
bearing J. N. R. (probably Jesus noster Hedemptor)
is seen. The features appear deeply clouded with
grief, and the eyes are intent upon an open book
supported by a scull. I shall be obliged if some
correspondent should be able from the above de-
scription to inform me what saint in the Kalendar
is intended. Y. B. N. J.
Mental Condition of the Starving. — References
are requested to accounts [particularly if they de-
scribe the mental condition) of persons who have
experienced long-continued deprivation of food,
either during travel or after shipwreck, or who by
any accident have been separated from their fel-
lows. SCOTT OF S — ,
Sarah Isdell. — Can any of your Irish readers
give me any information regarding Sarah Isdell,
2nd s. N« 41., OCT. 11. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
289
author of The Irish Recluse, or a Breakfast at the
Rotunda, a novel in three volumes, London, 1809 ;
The Vale of Louisiana, published in or about
1808 ; The Poor Gentlewoman, a comedy, acted at
Dublin in 1811 ; The Cavern, or the Outlaw, an
opera, acted at Dublin in 1825, the music by Sir
John Stevenson? Miss Isdell is said to have
been a near relative of Oliver Goldsmith. R. J.
Showers of Wheat. — I have lately met with two
notices of showers of wheat. What is the real
nature of this phenomenon ?
The first notice occurs in Oldys' Catalogue of
Pamphlets in the Harleian Library. (Harl. Mis-
cell, vol. x. p. 359., 4to., 1813) :
" A wonderful and straunge newes which happened in
the countye of Suffolke and Essex, the first of February
being Friday, when it rained wheat the space of vi or vii
miles compas; a notable example to put us in remem-
braunce of the judgments of God, and a preparative sent
to move us to a speedy repentance. Written by Stephen
Averell, student in divinitie. Imprinted at London for
Edward White, 1583." [Octavo, in 14 leaves black
letter.]
The author says, not that he saw this wonder-
ful shower himself, but reports it from many
witnesses (four of whose names are inscribed at
the end), that about Ipswich. Stocknayland, and
Hadley in Suffolk especially, such grain did fall
in a drizzling snow at the time, and to the compass
aforesaid : but that it was of a softer substance,
greener colour without, whiter within, and of a
mealier taste than common wheat.
The second notice is in Thoresby's Diary (vol. i.
86.):
" 1681. June 11. Walked with Dutch cousin to Wood-
house hill ; where, in cousin Fenton's chamber, I gathered
eome of the corn that was rained down the chimney the
Lord's day seven-night, when it likewise rained plenti-
fully of the like upon Hedingley moor, as was confidently
reported: but those I gathered from the white hearth,
which was stained with 'drops of blue where it had fallen,
for it is of a pale red or a kind of sky colour, is pretty, and
tastes like common wheat, of which 1 have 100 corns."
F.B.
" The Wife''— Can you inform me who wrote
The Wife, or Women as they are, a Domestic
Drama, Longman, London, 1835. The play is
illustrated with sketches by G. Cruikshank. I
understand it is the production of a lady. K. J.
Ethergingis. — la the Liber Winton occurs
this sentence :
" Hoc g' sacram turn factu fuit. de quatt' xx" vi. Bur-
gensib} meliorib} Wint' psente WilPo ep'o, herb'to ca-
merario. Rad' basset, Gaisfrido ridel, Will'o de Ponte-
archar. hoc aute Burgenses pacto sacramto : aporta orien-
tal! cepunt inquirere ethergingis."
What is the meaning of this last word ?
G. W. J.
"Sir Guy the Seeker" — Where is this poem to
be found? ft. G. jun,
Ja ck West. — It is common to hear in Hamp-
shire a stye on the eyelid called a Jack West.
Whe nee can this be derived or corrupted ?
G. W. J.
" Chara valeto. Chara vale, sed non aternum" —
Wh< Mice this line ? C. Y. C.
Gl oucester.
P eter -Newly. — Can any of your readers furnish
me with any information regarding Peter Newby,
author of Poems, two volumes 8vo., printed for
the author by H. Hodgson and W. Nevett & Son,
Liverpool, 1790? The author (of whom there is
a portrait in the first volume by T. Barrow) dates
his preface, Haighton, Aug. 1790. Among the
poems in the first volume, there is "A Poetical
Epistle to his much respected uncle, Mr. John
Carter." The second volume contains the follow-
ing dramas: "Seduction," a tragedy; "The
Shepherd of Cornwall," a dramatic poem ; " The
Force of Friendship," a dramatic tale. R. J.
Thorolds. — Is there any authority for the de-
rivation of the Thorolds of Syston from Thorold,
Sheriff of Lincolnshire, or his sister the Lady
Godiva, as intimated by Burke ? I am inclined to
disbelieve the story. J. P. P.
i$tftt0r &uen«tf font!)
Ireton' s Burial Place. — Is there any reasonable
doubt that the coffin taken to Westminster Ab-
bey, and said to contain the body of Ireton, really
did contain it ? I remember, when a boy, to have
gone with a party to see a small stone in the church
of Great Yarmouth, in Norfolk, said to be the
burial-place of some distinguished general, I think
Ireton. Is there anything certainly known on
this subject ? G. L.
[We have the following testimony of Evelyn, Pepys,
and Rugge to the burial of Ireton in Westminster Abbey,
as well as to the subsequent exhumation of his corpse :
— Evelyn says, "March 6, 1653, Saw the magnificent
funeral of that arch-rebel, Ireton, carried in pomp
from Somerset House to Westminster, accompanied with
divers regiments of soldiers." Again, "Jan. 30, 1661.
This day were the carcases of those arch-rebels, Crom-
well, Bradshaw, and Ireton, dragged out of their superb
tombs in Westminster among the kings to Tyburn, and
hanged on the gallows there from nine in the morning
tilt six at night, and then buried under that fatal and
ignominious monument in a deep pit, thousands of people
who had seen them in all their pride being spectators."
Pepys has the following entry under Jan. 30, 1661:
" To my Lady Batten's, where my wife and she are lately
come back again from being abroad, and seeing of Crom-
well, Ireton, and Bradshaw hanged and buried at Ty-
burn." Rugge's account is more circumstantial. He
says, "Jan. 30. This morning the carcases of Cromwell,
Ireton, and Bradshaw (which the day before had been
brought from the Red Lion Inn in Holborn), were drawn
upon a sledge to Tyburn, and then taken out of their
290
NOTES AND QUERIES.
NO 41., OCT. 11. '56.
coffins, and in their shrouds hanged by their neck, until
the going down of the sun. They were then cut d own,
their heads taken off, anO. their bodies buried in a g rave
under the gallows. The coffin in which was the boc'.y of
Cromwell was a very rich thing, very full of gilded
hinges and nails." (Addit. MS. 10,116, British^ JMu-
seura.)]
Ordinary of Newgate.— Why is the clergy roan
charged with the duty of the metropolitan prison
styled the ordinary, and not chaplain ? Is i fc a
mere difference of title, or does it infer any dif-
ference of position? Y. B. N. 3.
[We take the title Ordinary, as connected with New-
gate, to signify common, usual, like an ambassador,
envoy, or physician in ordinary. Hence formerly there
was an Ordinary of Assizes and Sessions, who was a
deputy of the bishop of the diocese, appointed to give
malefactors their neck-verse, (Miserere mei, Deus,} and
judge whether they could read or not; to perform Divine
service for them, and assist in preparing them for death.]
Works on Glass Manufacture. — What works
nre most suitable for the acquisition of a thorough
knowledge of the manufacture of glass? J. R. S.
[There is a popular modern treatise by G. K. Porter,
published in Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia, entitled, " A
Treatise on the Origin, Progressive Improvement, and
Present State of the Manufacture of Porcelain and Glass,"
1832. Consult also Apsley Pellatt's Curiosities of Glass-
, sin. 4to., 1849.]
MORTUARIES.
(2nd S. ii. 172. 279.)
I have taken some interest in reading the re-
plies elicited under this head to the Queries of
your correspondents, as they reminded me of an
inquiry which I once prosecuted with the view of
obtaining some information from mortuary tax
registers — if such were extant — but this I could
not discover to be the case. I was certainly under
the impression that the statute concerning the
taking of mortuaries, or demanding, receiving, or
claiming the same (21 Hen. VIII. c. 6.), had
fallen into complete disuse. It appears, however,
from the answers of your correspondents, that
such is not the case, and that our clergy in some
places amerce the public in this tax.
The statute is so far shaped in the fashion of
Eopcry, that its Section V. legalises bequests to
igh altars of churches.
It is not in accordance with uniform justice, as
it perpetuates discrepancy of custom in various
parishes.
Its scale of —
" 3s. 4d. upon 10 marks, and under 30 pounds,
Cs. 8d. „ 30 marks, and under 40 pounds,
10s. „ 40 pounds and upwards,"
is anything but equitable to the middle classes.
The law of assessment of the impost is quite un-
suited to the present age. Will any ingenious
correspondent tell us how, for example, modern
wayfarers are to be taxed under Section IV. of
the statute, which sets forth :
" For no woman being covert baron, nor child, nor for
any person not keeping house, nor for any wayfaring man
not dwelling nor making residence in the place where he
happens to die [shall any mortuary be given or demanded
except at the rate above referred to], but the mortuary of
such wayfaring person shall be answerable at the rate in
Section III., in the place Avhere they have most habita-
tion, and no where else."
I have seen a statement that an act of parlia-
ment, 12 Queen Anne, abolishes mortuaries in
some places which were excepted from the statute
of Henry VIII. ; but a clean sweep of all mor-
tuaries would appear to be desirable. Legislation
on mortuaries really seems to have made no sub-
stantial advance since the time when John Young,
or Yonge, addressed Queen Elizabeth (New
Year's Day, 1558, vide my notice of his treatise
on Banking in "N. & Q.," 1st S. xi. 224.). He
remarks at the commencement of his treatise :
" There was a custome not longe tyme passed used in
England, that whosoever died, should pa3re to his parson
or curate, the best of his quicke cattell, and in default of
quicke cattell, ye best of his moveable goodes. And this
was called a Mortuarie, and was paied by all sortes of
people bothe poore and riche. Which payemet first be-
gyning of devocon, and after by tyme turned into custome,
was so extremely exacted by the* Clergie upon the poore,
that youre moste prudent Father kynge henry the eight
moved with pitie made an Acte of parliament, to abolishe
and take awaie that kynde of exaction. And suerly not
without cause, for it happened many tymes that a poore
householder, whiche had but one cowe, for the suste-
naunce of him and his nedie famylie, was enforced to give
that cowe for his Mortuarie to the ster\7ing of his poor.
Widowe and children left behynde. Some of late were of
opynyon to have the same custome revived, but so was
not I, who nevertheless can well agree instede of the
same, to have another kynde of Mortuarie set up. A
mortuarie I meane not for the fedynge of suche as be fatt
ynoughe alredie, but a Mortuarie" for common necessitie,
and of all as well poor as riche bothe of ye Clergie as
Laytie. A mortuarie I saie not of exaction but of de-
vocion, not of extremitie, but of charitie, not geven to
preestes perticulerly, but to all the people univsally,"
&c. &c.
I take the present opportunity to thank your
correspondents MR. GEORGE ROBERTS of Lyme i
Regis, and MR. 3. SANSOM, for their Replies to
my Queries as to John Yonge (vide " N. & Q.,"
1st S. xi. 330, 331.). It is very likely he was the
Devonshire man they take him for.
FREDERICK HENDRIKS.
MEANING OF LECKEBSTONE.
(2nd S. ii. 247.)
There is scarcely a doubt that this word has the
same derivatives as Lichfield, lich-gate) &c,,z.e. from
2"*S. N« 41., OCT. 11. '56.]
NOTES AND QUEEIES.
291
Ang.-Sax. lick, dead ; and that the tradition which
assigns the stone as a resting-place for the coffin
ma/ be correct; or that the stones actually mark
graves. Such rude stone memorials are common
enough. In Welsh they are called ttecht i.e. any
flat stone, tablet ; as at Trelech, near Monmouth,
where there are three erect stones called Harold's
Grave. Or another derivation may be given from
Celtic, llech, llechen, a stone, and Saxon stan, a
stone : such tautological etymologies not being
uncommon, as Llech-vaen, near Brecknock, from
llech and maen, i.e. stony-stone. Also a stone nine
feet high in Anglesey, called Maen Llechgwen-
varwydd, i. e. the stone of the stone of St. Cyn-
varwy.
Licker Inch was probably an island used for
funereal purposes, like St. Coin's Inch or lona.
EDEN WARWICK.
Birmingham.
P. C. observes that the Lecherstones near Dun-
fermline are said to have been used as resting-
places for the coffins at funerals. May not lecher-
stone, then, be simply Leichstein, the body-stone ?
The Gothic leik, the Anglo-Saxon lie, the Swedish
lik, the German leiche and leich-nam, all signify a
body — the human body made like or in the image
of the Creator. Leiclistein is commonly used for
grave-stone or monument, cippus; but cippus also
signified a stone for a mark, set up as the boulder
leckerstones seem to have been. As we have leich-
aMankung for a farewell speech over a dead body,
leichbitter for a prayer over such body, leicJi-
gesang, leickerze, leichmahlzeit, leichtuch, and this
very word in its form of leichstein, I venture to
suggest that lecherstone may be so named, less in
reference to the lectures given at the stone, than
to the leiche) or body, which rested upon it.
J.
I would suggest to P. C. that the word lecher is
a corruption of the German leiche (of which we
have other forms in tyhe-wake and lich-gate), and
that the stone was so called from the circumstance
of the corpse being rested thereon, and not from
any lesson or lecture delivered then and there.
GEO. E. FBEBE.
Hoyden Hall, Diss.
CROMWELL HOUSE, OLD BROMPTON.
(2nd S. ii. 208.)
I was well acquainted with this old house and
the pleasant lanes by which it was surrounded,
now, alas ! no more. The traditions of the neigh-
bourhood I have often listened to, but could never
gain any satisfactory information as to the house
having been the residence of any of the Cromwell
family. On the contrary, all the stories fell to the
ground upon examination.
The house was known as Hale House in 1596,
when a rent charge of 205. per annum was laid
upon it for the poor of Kensington parish. In
1630 it was purchased by William Methwold,
Esq., of the executors of Sir William Blake, who
died in that year. This gentleman seems to have
been its constant occupant till the period of his
death, which occurred in 1652. He is described
of Hale House in his will.
On May 10, 1653, immediately after his return
from Ireland, " Mr. Henry Cromwell was married
to Elizabeth Russell, daughter of Sir Thomas
Russell," at Kensington Church ; after which, ac-
cording to Noble, " he chiefly resided at White-
hall." In the following year (1654) he returned
to Ireland, and upon his taking his leave of that
kingdom, he retired to Spinney Abbey, near So-
ham, in Cambridgeshire, where he died in 1673.
The chances of Henry Cromwell's having resided
at Hale House are therefore but slender.
In 1668 Hale House appears to have been in-
habited by the Lawrences of Shurdington in
Gloucestershire ; in 1 682 it was in the occupation
of Francis Lord Howard of Effingham, the birth
of whose son is thus recorded in the parish re-
gisters :
"July 7, 1682. The HonW« Thomas Howard, son of
the E* Hon. Francis Ld Howard-, Baron of Effingham, and
the Lady Philadelphia, was born at Hale House in this
parish."
Hale House was still the property of the Meth-
wold family, who in 1754 sold it to John Fleming,
Esq., afterwards created a baronet ; and in 1790
it was the joint property of the Earl of Harring-
ton and Sir Richard Worsley, Bart., who married
his daughters and coheirs. Such is the brief his-
tory of the proprietors and inhabitants of Crom-
well House.
The tradition that it was the residence of the
Lord Chief Justice Hale has probably no founda-
tion, as we see the house was designated Hale
House before he was born.
Cromwell's gift to Kensington parish is not re-
corded in the parochial books ; and Mrs. Hall's
assertion that Richard Cromwell was a ratepayer
in the same is in a like predicament. The Pil-
grimages to English Shrines is a book got up for
sale, and ought never to be quoted as an authority.
I have merely to add that these few particulars
are chiefly derived from one of Pennant's MS.
note-books, formerly in my possession.
EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
INSCRIPTION FOR A WATCH.
(2nd S. ii. 109.)
The excellent verses, for such they really are,
concerning the author of which inquiry is made by
292
NOTES AND QUERIES,
[2nd g.
t) OCT. 11. '56.
G. N., " designed for a watch case," and beginning
with the lines,
M Could but our Tempers move like this Machine,
Not urg'd by Passion, nor delay'd by Spleen ; "
&c. &c.
are by Mr. J. Byrom, commonly called Dr. By-
rom, inventor of a system of short-hand, and to
be found in vol. i. p. 341. of his printed works.
The poor Doctor seems to have been the victim
of the good opinion of his friends, who, probably
in some degree from motives of personal regard
towards one who appears to have been an amiable
and excellent man, as well as of some local fame,
and the credit arising from his pastoral having
been praised by Addison in The Spectator, col-
lected and published, after his death, all the verses
of his which they could lay hands upon, in two
volumes 12mo., at Manchester, in 1773. Many
of them, and amongst others those referred to in
" N. & Q.," show much talent ; but the greater
part should have been carefully locked up in a
drawer, or put in the fire, as calculated only for
private perusal, since, to adopt the words of Mr.
Pegge (Arch&ol., v. 13.), the worthy author,
having a particular knack at versification, has de-
livered his thoughts on many subjects in a metrical
garb ; which, I presume, we can scarcely call a
poetical one.
The Doctor was a decided Jacobite, and his
amusing mode of defending his sentiments upon
this point is still remembered and quoted :
" God bless the King, I mean the Faith's Defender ;
God bless — no Harm in blessing — the Pretender;
But who Pretender is, or who is King,
God bless us all — that's quite another Thing."
Vol. i. p. 342.
I should be sorry to put the modesty of the
Editor of " N. & Q." to the blush ; but in vol. i.
p. 90. a hint is given, so precisely suggestive of
the purpose which he has happily carried into
effect, that I cannot deny myself the satisfaction
of transcribing it :
" In reading Authors, when you find
Bright Passages that strike your Mind,
And which perhaps you may have Reason
To think on at another Season,
Be not contented with the Sight,
But take them down in Black and White, ;
Such a Respect is wisely shown
That makes another's Sense one's own.
In Conversation, when you meet
With Persons cheerful and discreet,
That speak, or quote, in Prose, or Rhiine,
Things or facetious, or sublime,
Observe what passes, and anon,
When you come Home think thereupon ;
Write what occurs, forget it not,
A good Thing sav'd 's a good Thing got."
OVTIS.
P.S. I transcribe the verses as printed, with
capitals for all substantives, after the German
fashion of the period.
PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.
Stereoscopes. — Having just read Sir David Brewster'a
Treatise on the Stereoscope, I find that he confirms the
views which I advanced on the subject in "N. & Q.,"
during the discussion of it in that paper. That gentleman
also shows that what I stated in relation to MR. G. NOR-
MAN'S proposition relating to the taking of two stereo-
scopic pictures in one, by two apertures, was also correct.
I of course feel pleased to find my opinions supported by
so high authority.
At the time the discussion of stereoscopic angles was
going on, you, if you recollect, put an end to that discus-
sion by, as 1 thought, and still think, very unfairly
withholding my last letter, which I stated should be my
last, as MR. G. SHADBOLT had said as much as that he
was one of the incorrigibles. I say this was unfair, be-
cause you had disclaimed responsibility for the opinions
offered by your correspondents ; and, having allowed me
to give expression to my views, you ought, in justice to
me, to have admitted my reply.
You will act as you deem proper; but if you love
justice yoa will feel the necessity of putting me right with
the readers of « N. & Q." T. L. MERRITT.
Maidstone.
On Stereoscopes of Objects smaller than the Lens. — I
have lately read Sir David Brewster's work on the stereo-
scope, in which he has gone into the subject thoroughly,
and I dare say ably, and has thereby rendered good ser-
vice to all who may wish to know the exact truth in this
very interesting subject. I must confess that, until his
book came out, I could not tell how to set to work as re-
garded stereoscopic pictures, which are wonderful and
charming.
I cannot help thinking, however, that Sir David
Brewster has made one mistake ; and, as it seems to me
to offer a fair field for elucidation, perhaps you may not
object to the subject being discussed in " N. & Q."
Sir David Brewster says, in p. 175. of his book, when
objects less than the lens "are taken, that, beyond a certain
point, other objects behind and less than the front one,
will be seen through the centre of it like ghosts. This, I
must say, startled me, and I at once went to work. I
placed a circular piece of black card paper, half an inch
diameter, as my front object; another, of white card-
paper, three-sixteenths of an inch diameter, behind, at
the nearest proper distance: and, on focussing the black,
there was seen a white ring round the black image, and
not within it, as Sir David Brewster says would be the
case. There was the fact, and I could not understand it,
and so sat down to think over the puzzle. I say puzzle,
because one of the laws of optics says that divergent rays
are formed further from the lens than those which con-
verge: yet there was the white ring, which I thought
should not be visible, or, if so, it should occupy the whole
of the focussing glass except the black card; and not
only so, but that any object, however small, as it sends
divergent rays from every point of itself to every point of
the lens, there would consequently be a thorough con-
glomeration for the picture. And such, I believe, would
be the result if divergent rays were brought to a focus.
How could it be otherwise"? But still there was the
stubborn fact of the white ring around the front black
image. Surely, said I, there must be some other cause
2.*S.N«4I
., OCT. 11. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
293
for this than that asserted by Sir David Brewster, and I
believe it to be this: — That the rays from the object
behind are, in passing the front one, refracted, and that
they, and not the divergent rays, produced the white
ring; and this opinion was strengthened as I went on,
for I measured the pictures on my focussing-glass, then
removed the front black card-paper, and I found the
image of the white paper measured very considerably
less than before. I tried this at various distances, always
with a like result.
This seems to me to solve the mystery ; for, did the
divergent rays pi-oduce the image, it would measure alike
both before and after removal of the front object. I be-
lieve that pictures produced by a lens are the resultants
of the convergent rays, and that those which diverge
would, as I said, be a'confused, conglomerated mess, and
not a picture at all. I at once admit that I know very
little of the science of optics, and that I have been guided
by mere common sense in this matter, and am, very likely,
in error. Still I consider it a fit subject for elucidation :
for it is evident that Sir David Brewster's statement is,
in some way or other, incorrect ; and, unless you object,
I have no doubt that some of your correspondents, much
more conversant with optics than I, will soon clear up
this point. J. STEPHENS.
Brompton Barracks, Sept. 26, 1856.
Mayor of London in 1335 (2nd S. i. 353. 483.
520. ; ii. 213. 258.) — Lambert (History and
Survey of London, 1806, vol. i. p. 227.) says :
" The same year [the context is " in the year of our
reign over England the eighteenth, but of our reign over
France the fifth "] the king granted Reginald de Con-
ductu, an annuity of twenty-one pounds, arising from
several messuages in the city belonging to the crown, in
consequence of the said Reginald having, during his
mayoralty, in the ninth and tenth years [sz'c] of the reign
of Edward III., expended large sums of money for the
benefit of the citizens in general : and for other reasons
which did him honour both as a man and a magistrate."
Some of your contributors may be able to refer
to this grant.
Vol. iii. of the above work (pp. 352. to 366.)
contains a list of mayors and sheriffs from 1189 to
1806, from which I extract the following :
Mayor.
Sheriffs.
Mayor.
Stieriffs.
Mayor.
Sheriffs.
Mayor.
Sheriffs.
Mayor.
Sheriffs.
" 1327.
Hamond Chyckwell.
Gylbert Moordon, Johan Cotton.
1328.
Johan Grauntham.
Henry Darcey, Johan Hawteyne.
1329.
Symond Swanland.
Sym. Fraunces, Hen. Combmartyme.
1330.
Johan Pounteney.
Rychard Lazar, Henry Gysors.
1331.
Johan Pounteney.
Robert of Ely, Thomas Harwode.
1332.
Mayor. Johan Preston.
Sheriffs. Johan Mockynge, Andrew Awbry.
1333.
Mayor. Johan Pounteney.
Sheriffs. Nicholas Pyke, Johan Husband.
1334.
Mayor. Reyn. at Conduyte.
Sheriffs. Johan Hamonde, Wyll. Hansmle.
1335.
Mayor. Reyn. at Conduyte.
Sheriffs. Johan Kyngston, Walter Turke.
1336.
Mayor. Johan Pounteney.
Sheriffs. Walter Mordon, Richard Upton.
1337.
Mayor. Henry Darcey.
Sheriffs. Wyllyam Brykelsworth, Jn. Northall."
There is no Wottonbut " Nicholas," who makes
his first appearance in 1415 ; his second in 1430.
No reference is given to any authority for the
list. R. WEBB.
40. Hanover Street, Pimlico.
Heraldry; Ordinaries of Arms (2nd S. ii. 249.)
— The family to which a coat of arms belongs may
be ascertained by reference to those classified col-
lections of heraldry technically termed ordinaries
of arms, of which the best is that compiled by
Robert Glover, Somerset Herald. It has been
printed with additions by Edmondson and Berry
in their works on heraldry. The original MS. is
in the College of Arms. Several MS. ordinaries
may be found in the British Museum, especially
among the Harleian Collection.
All the ordinaries I have seen have been formed
without any fixed rule for determining under what
head a coat is entered. Thus, Argent, a lion ram-
pant, gules, on a chief sable, three escallops of the
field, is indifferently entered under the title of
Lions, or Chiefs, or Escallops; and perhaps it is
found under all three. A good ordinary is a de-
sideratum in heraldic literature, and ought to be
supplied. The best in point of arrangement which
has fallen under my notice is annexed to A Roll
of Arms of Peers and Knights in the Reign of
Edward //., by Sir N. H. Nicolas, ^Lond. 1828.
The number of arms, however, is extremely
limited. THOMPSON COOPER.
The only printed work to assist R. is Perry's
Encyclopaedia Heraldica, an ordinary, near the end
of vol. i. Mr. Papworth has a very valuable work
of this description in preparation for the press.
R. S.
For the information which R. requires, he
should consult an Ordinary of Arms, which is the
converse of a Dictionary of Arms ; the bearings
being arranged under the principal features, as
294
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2«* S. N« 41., OCT. 11. '56.
Fesses, Crosses, Lions, Eagles, Fleurs-de-lis, &c.
I have found Glover's "Ordinary," in Berry's
Encyclopedia of Heraldry, very useful.
MARK ANTONY LOWER.
Lewes.
•
Heraldic (2nd S. ii. 249.) — O'M ALLEY inquires
whether a person descended from the same branch
of a family as J. J., grantee, in 1600, of arms
granted to said J. J., and limited to his grand-
father's male descendants, could use the same
crest with J. J. ? The confusion in the inquiry
is great ; but it is clear that granted honours are
limited by the patent granting them, whether
arms or crest, which does not always accompany
arms. LANCASTRIENSIS.
Judge Jcssop (2nd S. ii. p. 249.) — William
Jessop of Bromehall, co. York, was a Bencher of
Gray's Inn, Treasurer and Commissioner of the
Alienation Office, one of the King's Judges for
Chester, and nine times elected M.P. for Aldbo-
rough in Yorkshire. He married Mary, only issue
of James Darcy of Sedbury (created Aug. 1,
1721, Baron Darcy of Navan in Ireland), by his
first wife, Beth 5 a, daughter of George Payler, of
Nunmonkton, Esq., which Bethia died in childbed
Nov. 19, 1671, aged eighteen years and eight
days. William Jessop, who died Nov. 15, 1734,
aged seventy years, and was buried in the chancel
of the parish church of Sheffield, had issue one
son and four daughters. The son, James Jessop,
succeeded by limitation to the title of Lord Darcy
of Navan, on the death of his grandfather, July 19,
1731, and assumed the name of Darcy; but he
died unmarried, June 15, 1733, aged twenty-six
years, when his sisters became his coheirs. Both
lords are buried at Gilling in Richmondshire.
PATONCE.
The Lord Dean o/ York (2nd S. ii. 171.) — I
have been unable to discover the name of the suf-
fragan who, according to Strype, was Dean of
York. John Young, who was Master of the Rolls
and Dean of York, died in 1516, and has not, to
the best of my knowledge, been identified with
John Young, the Suffragan Bishop of Callipolis.
John Thornburgh, who at the end of the same
century was successively Bishop of Limerick end
Bristol, was permitted to hold the deanery of
York in commendam, but he can hardly be the
person who is alluded to in Strype's Annals, sub
anno 1597, as " an old suffragan."
In one case only have I found the dean honoured
with the title of Lord. In Nov. 1534, John
Sheffield leaves to Brian Higden " my Lord Dean,
my chalece, my best corporaxe case, and my best
corporaxe in it." The earliest decanal leases com-
mence in the latter part of the reign of Elizabeth,
and in them the grantee is always termed " the
right worshipful the Dean" This form is still
adhered to, and none of the officials of the chapter
have ever heard of the existence of any other.
I am inclined to think that the title of " My
Lord," when applied to the Dean of York, was
one merely of respect, although in some cases per-
haps the offices in the State which the deans
occasionally held would entitle them to that ho-
nourable appellation. It may, however, be readily
accounted for by the high position which those
dignitaries occupied in their own church. There
they had beneath them a sub-dean, a body of
nearly forty canons, with vicars choral, and other
officers innumerable. In consequence of its im-
portance very many distinguished men have held
the deanery : four cardinals have enjoyed the
office, and no less than twenty-three of the deans
have been elevated to the Episcopal Bench.
Socius DUNELM.
Sandy s's " Ovid" (2nd S. ii. 255.) — My copy of
this work, having 1632 in printed and engraved
titles, mentions King Charles's "acceptance of my
Travels" when "our hope," — but why should this
be turned into " trava/ls," and referred to & former
edition of the Ovid, which does not appear to have
any dedication in the incomplete editions pub-
lished when Charles was Prince ? Geo. Sandys
also published Travels, in the plain sense of the
word, in 1615, republished 1621, 1627, &c. ; and
as the Censura. Literaria gives the remarkable
Dedication to the Prince (Charles) in this 3rd
edition, there can be little doubt of the same
having appeared in the two editions published
when Charles was the "hope" and that this is the
Dedication referred to in the Ovid of 1632.
LANCASTRIENSIS.
Bradshaw of Darcy Lever (2nd S. ii. 249.)— The
locality, as printed, is inaccurately given. The
pedigree was duly entered in the Lancashire
Visitation of 1664 (c. 37., Coll. Arm.), and con-
tinued to the present time, by the grandchildren
of James Bradshaw, Esq., mentioned in the books
of modern entries. Arms duly allowed in both
cases. LANCASTRIENSIS.
Musical Notation : Dr. Gauntlett (2nd S. ii. 90.)
— As accuracy in quotation is always advocated
in your valuable publication, may I be allowed
space to correct the reference made by DR.
GAUNTLETT to one of my works ? The title of
the book, in brief, is The Shetcher's Manual, or
the ivhole Art of Picture-making reduced to the
simplest Principles, &c. ; and arrogant as the title
may be, or appear, I have endeavoured to explain
the subject in the simplest language ; no such
"hard" words as "praxis" occurring throughout-
After referring to pictorial effect as the quality
which distinguished a picture from a map, I asked :
" In what does this magical power consist ? Is
there any work in which it is explained or in-
2nd s. N° 41., OCT. 11. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
295
vestigated?" This was published in 1837, and
has s?nce gone through several editions, but I have
not found any necessity to alter the reply that
there was no work which attempted to explain or
point out the object to be attained by those who
endeavoured to draw. It is still, I believe, the
only " Manual " for sketchers who naturally wish
to " make pictures." FRANK HOWARD.
Liverpool.
The Mincio (2nd S. ii. 228.) — It will not be an
easy task to answer the inquiry "when the Upper
Mincio lost its name, and assumed that of Sarca,
by which it is now alone known." But the fol-
lowing extract from Fracastorius proves that it
had acquired the modern name more than three
hundred years ago :
" Ereptum Musarum e dulcibus ulnis
Te miserum ante diem crudeli funere, Marce
Antoni, aetatis primo sub flore cadentem
Vidimus extrema positum Benacide ripS,
Quam media inter saxa sonans Sarca abluit undo,"
Fracastorii Syphilis, lib. i., near the end.
Fracastorius was born A.D. 1483, and died 1553.
J. W. FARRER.
Name (Rev. William, of Dysart) (2nd S. ii.
209.) — There can be little doubt as to the ex-
treme rarity of copies of the Pearle of Prayer. I
have never seen a copy, or even heard of one
being for sale since 1818 or 1819, when it ap-
peared in a catalogue of an exceedingly valuable
and curious collection of books belonging to " Mr.
William Laing, Bookseller, South Bridge Street,
Edinburgh." The copy which he had for sale
wanted the title-page, and was priced 7s. 6d.
The Rev. William Name was the author of
another work of much greater rarity, entitled
Christes Starre. Some curious particulars of him
will be found in a privately printed volume, en-
titled Notices from the Local Records of Dysart,
4to. 1853. He is also mentioned in Charters'
Catalogues of Scotish Writers, 8vo. 1833, and
The Chronicle of Fife, 4to., 1810 and 1830.
T. G. S.
Edinburgh.
The Ducking Stool and Jenny Pipes (2nd S. ii.
38.) — I remember some forty years since seeing
this curious instrument of torture at Leominster,
being put in repair and painted red, after which
it was taken to the water side near a mill in the
Marsh, a street called by that name, and experi-
mented upon in order to see if it worked properly.
I have also a letter before me from a very old and
intimate friend who knew Jenny Pipes well, as
not one of the best of characters, and whose habits
of sobriety were not of the highest order ; he also
speaks of a resident of that town, still living, who
has a perfect recollection of the circumstance of
Jenny's ducking, having been an eye-witness of
the scene, and who states that she was the last
person who went through that peculiar wet ordeal,
and that it is as near sixty-eight years agone as
may be. In the autumn of last year, being on a
visit to that ancient town, I had the curiosity to go
in search of the said ducking stool, and found it
still in existence, being stowed away in the church,
in a corner of what once was a very greatly orna-
mented chapel of small dimensions, the walls of
which were then covered with the remains of un-
distinguishable paintings, notwithstanding the
barbarous whitewash, the colours being still in
many places in tolerable preservation. Is there
any Leominster antiquary who could give us
some account of this chapel or chantry, and its
paintings ? In my remembrance this place was
merely a receptacle for rubbish and coals. It is a
portion of the very ancient priory church spared
from the destructive fire which occurred on the
18th of March in the year 1700. Could these
paintings be deciphered much light may, no doubt,
be thrown on its former use, and the period of
its erection, probably, ascertained. Is the duck-
ing stool used at Kingston-oii-Thames in the year
1738 still in being ? and are there any others yet
remaining in this country ? J. B. WHITBORNE.
Battle of Brunnanburg (2nd S. ii. 229. 277.) —
Sharon Turner's authorities for the statement
that " Anlaf commenced the warfare by entering
the Humber with a fleet of 615 ships," and more
especially concerning the circumstance of his sail-
ing up the Humber, are to be found in the Chro-
nicle of Melrose :
" A.D. 936. Anlaf, King of Ireland, entered the mouth
of the river Humber with six hundred and fifteen ships."
Another authority is to be found in Simeon of
Durham's History of the Kings, A.D. 937 :
" Anlaf the Pagan, King of the Irishmen, and of many
islands, stirred up by his father-in-law Constantine, King
of the Scots, entered the mouth of the river Humber with
a powerful fleet."
Again ifc is mentioned in the Chronicle of Florence
of Worcester, A.D. 938 :
"Anlaf, the Pagan King of the Irish and of many
islands besides, at the instigation of his father-in-law
Constantine, King of the Scots, entered the mouth of the
river Humber with a powerful fleet."
The extracts are from the translations of the
Rev. Joseph Stevenson in the Church Historians
of England. CHARLES S. S.
Bath Characters (2nd S. ii. 253.)— I have a Key
to these characters agreeing with your printed
one, and written at the time of publication on the
fly-leaf by a constant visitor of Bath. It contains
also the names of the " virtuous widow," and of
the two baronets, the military officer and younger
man, alluded to in pp. 18, 19, which are best for-
gotten. LANCASTRIENSIS.
296
NOTES AND QUEEIES.
S. NO 41., OCT. 11. '56.
Unpublished Letter of Pope to Wanley (2nd S. ii.
242.) — This letter had previously been printed.
It may be found at ]/ 28. of the second volume of
Additions to the Works of Alexander Pope, Esq. ;
together with many Original Poems and Letters of
Cotemporary Writers, never before published:
London, printed for H. Baldwin, &c., small 8vo.,
1776. The editor says in his Preface :
" Man}' of the Letters and Poems, pf which this pub-
lication consists, were transcribed with accuracy from the
originals, in the collections of the late Lords Oxford and
Bolingbroke, who are well known to have lived in the
strictest intimac}r with Mu. POPE, as well as his literary
friends and associates."
The letter in question is evidently taken from
the original in the Harleian Collection. To Signer
Alberto, the editor appends the following note :
" Humphrey Wanley was Lord Oxford's librarian ;
Alberto Croce, his wine- merchant."
It is by no means clear to me " that Humphrey
Wanley combined an agency for wine and spirits
with literary pursuits." The allusion in Dr.
Hickes's letter is probably to this same Alberto
Croce, Wanley's friend. EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
The last Gibbet erected v. The Gibbet last erected
(2nd S. ii. 216.) — The gibbet which lately stood in
Jarrow Slake, near South Shields, and on which the
body of William Jobling, the murderer of Nicholas
Fairies, was hung on August 6, 1832, was, I have
always understood, the last thing of the kind ever
set up on English soil. It being now removed,
and sawn into pieces (as witness a thick slice of it
now lying before me), I think it is quite correct
to say that " the last gibbet erected in England
has been demolished." Jacob's post, set up in
1734, was certainly not the last erected ; and,
therefore, the fact that a piece of it still remains
does not invalidate the statement made in the
local papers with regard to Jobling's ; although
the wording of the paragraph was equivocal, as it
might be taken to mean that every gibbet in the
country was now demolished, which is not the
case. For, besides that on Ditchling Common,
referred to by your correspondent, it is my im-
pression that there is yet another, at least, viz.
one at Sting Cross, in the parish of Elsdon, Nor-
thumberland, on which Winter the murderer was
hung in chains, in 1792. There may be more.
WILLM, BROCKIE.
2. Russell Street, South Shields.
DnTic of Fitz- James (2nd S. ii. 256.) — About a
century ago, in 1752, Francis, Duke of Fitz-
James, and peer of France, was Bishop of Soissons.
He bore the royal arms of England with a border
of alternate lions and llcurs-de-lys, with the motto,
" Ortu et Honore." Was he a son of the Duke
of Berwick, who was killed at the siege of Philips-
burg, on June 12, 1734 ? F. C. H.
Climate of Hastings (2nd S. ii. 149.) — A few
weeks ago, a correspondent inquired for any pub'
lished meteorological observations relating to
Hastings, besides those contained in the works
he mentioned. He will find a " Register of the
Temperature and Winds at Hastings from 22nd
November 1827 to 31st March 1828, by J. Fielden,
Esq.," in Dr. J. R. Farre's Journal of Morbid
Anatomy, 1828, p. 120. L. G.
Origin of Burning the Dead (1st S. i. 216. 308.)
— The Rev. Dr. Bigelovv has written that the
" ancient custom of burning the dead thus origin-
ated : "
" When a hero died, or was killed in a foreign expedi-
tion, as his body was corruptible, and therefore unfit to be
transported entire, the expedient was hit upon to reduce
it to ashes, that by bringing those home, the manes of
the deceased might be obliged to follow, and the benefit
of his tutelage be secured to his country. By degrees
the custom became common, and superseded the ancient
mode of burial."
w.w.
Malta.
Rose of Jericho (2nd S. ii. 236.) —Your corre-
spondents F. C. H. and R. H. D. will find an ac-
count of the real Rose of Jericho, as distinguished
from the KafF-Maryam, the Rose of Jericho of the
Pilgrims (Anastatica hierochuntica), at pp. 533,
534, 535. of vol. i. of De Saulay's Narrative of a
Journey round the Dead Sea and in the Bible Lands.
E.J.
Lampeter, Cardiganshire.
Can Fish be tamed? (2nd S. ii. 173. 235.) —In
Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine for the present
month (October), in an article entitled " Our
Tour in the Interior of the Crimea," speaking of
the celebrated Prince WoronzofTs palace, occurs
the following passage, which may prove interesting
to your correspondents SIGMA THETA and B. H. C. :
" The house itself was designed and constructed by
English architects, and has a very imposing appearance
from the sea. The grounds, too, are beautifully laid out,
with several small crystalline pools that contain tame
trout. The south coast of the Crimea is remarkable fop-
the abundance and excellent quality of the water ; small
clear brooks are continually crossing the road, and they
proved a great luxury to our horses during the trip."
Can any of your correspondents inform me if
this is the same species of trout which inhabit our
freshwater rivers ? J. B. WIIITBORNE.
A gentleman in Norfolk, a few years ago, had even
so far tamed a pike, that he would come up for a
dead mouse or bird which the gentleman held up
over the water, and seize it voraciously. F. C. H.
I had in my aquarium for some months a diminu-
tive perch, not much more than an inch in length,
who soon learned to rise to a worm, and take it
from my fingers without the least hesitation.
r
S. NO 41., OCT. 11. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
297
My little pet, however, unluckily insisted upon
devouring worms larger than himself, and at last
fell a victim to his own voracity.
W. J. BERNHARD SMITH.
Temple.
See Martial, lib. iv., epigramma 30., Ad Pisca-
torem. J- H. L.
Howland Family (1st S. xi.484.)— I have made
some inquiry, and believe the Rowlands of Essex
are extinct. One branch were landowners at
Dunmow and Little Canfield, and another branch
lived near Saffron Walden The Howlands of
Streatham had considerable estates in Essex. One
estate of theirs is my property, having been pur-
chased by an ancestor of mine from a Duke of
Bedford, who inherited it from his mother, the
heiress of John Howland of Streatham. My
great-great-grandfather, Thomas Holt, was rector
of Streatham ; he was related to Mrs. Howland,
who was a sister of Sir Josiah Child, and by her
he was presented to the living.
I see Mrs. Beecher Stowe, in Dred, talks of the
Howlands as among the old families in the slave
states. A. HOLT WHITE.
P.S. The arms of Howland are given in Mo-
rant's History of Essex.
Songs on Tobacco (2nd S. i. 320.) — In the re-
cent notes on these songs in " N. & Q.]' I do not
recollect seeing any notice of the spirited old
verses composed by Barten Holiday, in his Tex-
notamia, 1630, which begin thus :
" Tobacco's a musician,
And in a pipe delighteth,
It descends in a close
Through the organs of the nose
With a relish that inviteth."
In a similar strain the virtues of tobacco as a
lawyer, physician, traveller, critic, Ignis Fatuus,
and " Whiffler," are sung ; the verses seem to be
additionally curious as being probably the earliest
ode on a weed which was, when first imported,
thought rather odious than odorous, and might
have solaced Sir Walter Raleigh under the drench-
ing with which, as the story goes, his servant
favoured him, for the purpose of " putting him
out " when enveloped in the smoke of his pipe.
T. H. PATTISON.
Crooked Naves (2nd S. i. 158. ; ii. 276.)— There
are several cases in this neighbourhood where the
chancel and the nave of the church are at a
different angle: the most decided case is that
of Horsted Church, near Uckfield, where, to a
person who has the organ of perception strongly
developed, the appearance is almost painful. In
the church of Chailey, it is very obvious.
K. W. B.
Lewes.
Clerical County Magistrates (1st S. xii. 494. ;
2nd S. i. 18.) —I find in the Gardeners' Chronicle
newspaper for October 23, 1841, the following in-
formation, which is there declared to be " accord-
ing to an official statement : "
Clerical. Lay.
Total of England and Wales - 1354 4017
Middlesex 16 153
York, West Riding - - - 103 311
Kent 2 145
Northamptonshire 35 49
Sussex 0 189
Herefordshire ... 58 97
Lincolnshire 52 59
Suffolk 58 98
Northumberland - 15 40
Worcestershire - 44
Buckingham 54 90
I have counted in the List of Magistrates in
the Pocket Books for this year that there at pre-
sent in —
Clerical. Lay,
Suffolk 69 132
Norfolk 65 245
But as the numbers in Suffolk at present are so
much greater than those given in the official state-
ment, I suppose that in the statement only the
acting magistrates were included.
Can any of your readers refer me to an official
statement of more recent date than that which I
have just quoted from the Gardeners' Chronicle, in
which you will observe forty-two entire counties
and two ridings of Yorkshire are omitted.
GEO. E. FRERB.
Roy den Hall, Diss.
Husbands authorised to beat their Wives (2nd S.
ii. 108.) — Praed wrote a parody on "The Sham-
rock" entitled "The Crabstock ; " the burden
was :
" Oh the Crabstock, the green immortal Crabstock,
Love bestows the useless Rose,
But Hymen gives the Crabstock."
The god addressed Buller I recollect :
" And let thy thumb's capacious span
From henceforth fix its measure," —
not " little finger," as HENPECKED supposes.
J. H. L.
Clarence (2nd S. ii. 221.) — When the Archaeo-
logical Association visited Tutbury some five years
since, I recollect that Sir O. Mosley related several
incidents connected with the captivity of Lady
Jane Grey ; amongst others, that she had a weekly
allowance of wine (I think Malmsey) for a bath.
It was mentioned at the time as giving a rational
explanation of Clarence's mysterious death.
II. MOODY.
Birmingham.
Ancient Monastic Libraries (2nd S. ii. 258.) —
The editor of the work named was Mr. W. A.
not Milton. LANCASTRIENSIS.
298
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
[2nd S. NO 41., OCT. 11. '56.
The Deities who presided over the Fingers (2nd S.
ii. 133. 220.) — You lately noticed the names of
the divinities who presided over the days of the
week. The following paragraph from Table
Traits and something on them, refers to a more
singular guardianship : ^
"I do not know if cooks used different fingers in
mingling their sauces, according as they were employed
on wedding-banquets, martial feasts, senatorial entertain-
ments, or commercial suppers, but certain it is that the
fingers were sacred to divine deities. The thumb Avas
devoted to Venus, the index-finger to Mars, the longest
finger to Saturn, the next to the Sun, and the little finger
to Mercury."
In the book on Divination by Palmistry, which
Melampus dedicated to Ptolemy, the author states
that a tremulous motion in the thumb designates
felicity in conjugal love. In the Epidicus of
Plautus, Periphanes asks Philippa to show him
her hand. On taking it, the old man exclaims,
" Quid est, quod vultus te turbat tuus ? " but vultus
is said to be a misprint for digitus. As the affair
in course of discussion is one connected with love,
and as Philippa recovers her daughter Thalestis,
the trembling of the " digitus magnus " is a good
sign from Venus ; and the substitution of vultus
is evidently wrong, for Periphanes is looking at
the hand, not at the face. J. DOE AN.
" Rand" (2nd S. ii. 237.)— In addition to what
B. H. C. states respecting this word as a technical
term in the trade of the shoemaker, will you allow
me to observe, that the rand is a slip of leather or
other material so contrived as to unfold or bind
round another substance, this binding piece or
covering making the rand : and hence in the old
style of ladies' shoes, when " high heels," distinc-
tively so called, were in vogue, whatever became
the outside or cover of the whole of the inner or
heightening fabric, whether formed of wood or
leather (though generally wood was so employed),
bore this name : plain black-grain leather, black
Spanish, yellow or red morocco, (our great British
statesman, Charles James Fox, having occasionally
been seen in these red-heel shoes !) ; prunella,
silk or satin, sheepskin stained, or faced with a
coating of bees-wax impregnated with some colour-
ing pigment, grey, green, yellow, or red ; of these
different materials were rands formed, and in this
way set off to please all tastes.
Nor was this all : for in the same old times, the
sole-part of boots and shoes were often randed as
well as the heels, especially the ladies' shoe, and also
for the gent, when about to step forth so staidly
in his court costume ; these rands, whether of the
heel or the sole, being generally handsomely
stitched with a thread of some dashing colour;
and is still to be detected in numberless paintings
of the kings, queens, and other great folk of the
by-gone ages,— the tapestries of Hampton Court,
and those of the Gobelins at Paris and elsewhere,
vouching to the same fact. And this with the
shoemaker was called " stitch-work," a term now
wholly obsolete, though occasionally the practice
is continued, as at some great gala time, when the
high lady and lord are constrained to pay honour
to the regal presence in the momentary revived
garb of long- evanished fashion.
So much, then, for this farther bit of rand in-
formation in relation to the trade of the shoe-
maker, from A REAL SNOB.
Bishops of Galloway (2nd S. ii. 211.)— I have
in my possession a work entitled :
" A Holy Alphabet For Sion's Scholars ; Fvll of Spiri-
tval instructions, and Heavenly Consolations, to direct
and encourage them in their Progress toivards the Neio
Jerusalem : Deliuered, by way of Commentary vpon the
whole 119. Psalme. By William Covvper, Minister of
God's Word, and B. of Galloway. 4°. London, 1613."
In explanation of the title, the Bishop says,
p. 5.:
" As to the Order of this Psalme, it is divided into two-
and-twenty Sections, euery Section hath in it eight
verses, and euery Verse beginnes in the Hebrew, with
that letter, wherewith the Section is intituled : as all the
verses of the first Section begin with Aleph ; the verses
of the second with Beth, and so forward, according to the
Hebrew Alphabet : for which we may call the Psalme an
A, B, C, of Godlinesse."
Y.B.tf.J.
Saracens (2nd S. ii. 229.) — The probability is
that as Arabia (the West} derived its name from
its position relatively to the Chaldeans, the Sara-
cens (eastern people) derived their name from
their position relatively to the Phoenicians and
Hebrews. Arab is, however, the name by which
they designate themselves, and by which they
were known to the ancient Greek historians, the
Septuagint translators, and to Strabo. Menan-
der, Procopius, Ammianus Marcellinus, Ptolemy,
and Pliny use the word Saracens, either wholly
or partially, for the Arabians, Ptolemy represent-
ing them as an obscure tribe on the borders of
Egypt (Gibbon, ix. 50. p. 233.). In Hebrew the
word zarach, in Syriac zarchoi, and in Arabic
sharkon, mean the sun-rising, the East. Sarkoi
was the name for the Arabic language in Syriac,
in the time of Barhebrteus (Castelli, Lex. a Mi-
chael, ii. 627.) ; but this name may have been
borrowed from the Greek writers. The Arabians
mentioned in the Old Testament appear to be
confined to those in the north of Arabia, border-
ing on Palestine, Syria, and Chaldaea. It does
not appear that the name Saracen was adopted
by any of the Arabians. In the time of the
Crusades the communication with Constantinople
made this name familiar, and being adopted by
the Latins and Italians superseded in a great mea-
sure the names of Arabians and Moors (=West
Arabs), which properly belonged to them as their
acknowledged designations. Thev also call them-
2nd s. NO 4i., OCT. 11. '56.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
299
selves Barlar, « sons of the desert," the origin of
Barbary in Africa, and probably of the (*reek
term "barbarian." (Coiup. John Muller s Univ.
Hist. bk. xii. s. 1.) T. J. BUCKTON.
Lichfield.
Pence a-piece (2nd S. ii. 219.)— To the instances
of this expression, cited in former numbers, may
be added the following from Swift's poem of The
Legion Club :
" In the porch Briareus stands,
Shows a bribe in all his hands :
Briareus the secretary,
But we mortals call him Carey.
When the rogues their country fleece,
They may hope for pence a-piece"
L-
Curious Inn Signs (2nd S. i. 249.)— Close neigh-
bours to each other are two curious inn signs, the
memory of which is likely to be lost if your pages
do not preserve it. At the Farnboro' Station is
an inn now perverted into the " Morant Arms,"
but which from of old was the " Tumble-down-
Dick," in derision that is of Richard Cromwell
and his downfal. Near Bagshot you will see now
the " Jolly Farmer," which used, and ought, to be
the " Golden Farmer," having been kept, so tra-
dition says, by a farmer who always paid his rent
punctually, and in guineas, which it afterwards
appeared he obtained in his unknown vocation of
highwayman on Bagshot Heath. EFFIGIES.
At Swindon (on the Great Western Line) is a
quaint perversion of the Holy Lamb. It is at a
modern public house ; and the lamb is represented
in the conventional attitude, but without the nim-
bus.' Instead of the crossed staff and flag, it bears
a spear, from which floats a streamer of the
Dutch tricolor, a compliment, I suppose, to " The
Red, White, and Blue."
W. J. BERNHARD SMITH.
Temple.
Human Skin Tanned, SfC. (2nd S. ii. 68. 119. 157.
250.) — About thirty years ago a man named (I
think) William Waite was executed at Worcester
for the murder of his wife's daughter (by a former
husband), a little girl named Sarah Chance, by
throwing her into an exhausted coal-pit.
At this time dissection was a part of the sen-
tence of murderers, and the entire skin of this
man was preserved by Mr. Downing, then an
eminent surgeon at Stourbridge. It was not
tanned, but preserved by a preparation of sumach,
as I believe he told me. I was one of the counsel
on the trial. F. A. CARRINGTON.
Ogbourne St. George. '
Inscriptions on Bells (2nd S. i. 521.) — Is it a
fact that bells are frequently dedicated to St.
Augustine? In the church at Wivelsfield in
Sussex, there is a fine-toned bell bearing this in-
scription, which, notwithstanding its false quantity,
I lay before your readers :
" Vox Augustini sonat in aure Dei."
R. W. B.
Inscriptions on Sun-Dials (2nd S. i. 230. 323.)
"You know the motto of my sun-dial, ' Vivite, ait, fu-
gio.' I will, as far as I am able, follow its advice, and cut
off all unnecessary avocations and amusements." — Bi-
shop Atterbury to Pope, Bromley, May 25, 1712: %t-
terbury's Epistolary Correspondence, vol. i. p. 102.
" EPIGRAM.
' Vivite, ait,fugio!'
Labentem tacito quisquis pede conspicis umbram,
Si sapis, haec audis : ' Vivite, nam fugio.'
Utilis est oculis, nee inutilis auribus umbra ;
Dum tacet, exclamat, ' Vivite, nam fugio.' "
Ib. ii. 399.
E. H. A.
St. Peter's Tribe (1st S. x. 207.) — H. asks of
what tribe was St. Peter the Apostle? In the
excellent Plain Commentary on the Psalms, which
Messrs. Parker, of Oxford, are now publishing, I
find the following comment on Ps. Ixviii. verse 27.,
which seems in some degree to answer H.'s
question :
" There, too, are seen the sons of Zebedee, and James,
and Thaddeus, and Levi, and Simon, counsellors of
eternal truth from Judah ; and Andrew, and Peter, and
Philip, and the others of the chosen twelve, called to be
princes and apostles in the church from that Zabulon and
Naphtali which once ' walked in darkness,' but which in
God's time ' saw the great light ' of Incarnate Love."
The writer of the Commentary seems to be very
intimately acquainted with the works of the
Fathers, but he does not give the authorities on
which he grounds this passage. SACERDOS.
Double Christian Names (2nd S. ii. 197.)— The
suggestion here made by E. G. R. is precisely
what I made years ago in my English Surnames.
I have seven children, all of whom bear their
mother's surname prefixed to my own, thus : ISTy man
Holman Lower. Let me add, that another thing
of equal use to future genealogists would be the
retention of the maiden name before that of the
husband, as in the case of a popular American
authoress, Mrs. Harriet Beecher Stowe, who is
the daughter of Dr. Beecher.
Let me take the present opportunity of repre-
hending the practice of giving to children a bap-
tismal name which may hereafter lead to a false
presumption as to their descent. Mr. Smith may
be a very respectable man, but there are abund-
ant means of distinguishing an individual ^ of his
numerous offspring without calling him Sidney ;
and Mr. Carey, if not really a member of Lord
Falkland's house, should certainly avoid ^giving
his eldest boy the name of Lucius.
MARK ANTONY LOWER.
Lewes.
300
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd g. NO 41., OCT. 11. '56.
Armorial (2nd S. ii. 269.)— Arms, Gules, a
chevron, vaire, between three crescents, argent.
Crest, a stag's head couped at the neck and af-
frontee, gu. attired, or.
These are the arras of Goddard, an ancient
North Wilts family. They occur in the Heralds'
Visitation of Wiltshire of 1565 (Harleian MS.,
No. 1111. p. 60.), and on two monuments in
Ogbourne St. Andrew Church, erected in 1655
and' 1687, and are still borne by Major Nelson
Goddard of Clyffe Manor, Ambrose Goddard,
Esq., M.P., of the Lawn near Swindon, and the
other members of that family.
As the tinctures of the trefoils, torteaux, and
chevron are not clearly defined in the second
coat described by T. B., it may be that of Rowe,
which is given in Glover's Ordinary of Anns,
temp. Charles II. (as printed in Edmonson's Com-
plete Body of Heraldry), as follows :
" Ar. on a chev. az. betw. 3 trefoils slipped party per
pale gu. and vert, as many bezants.
" Crest, a buck's head couped, gu. attired, or.
The Stuart arms are or, a fesse chequy az. and
arg., but it is quite possible that, as the tinctures
in the second coat are not clearly defined, the or
in the impaled coat may have faded, and may now
appear to be argent. F. A. CARRINGTON.
Ogbourne St. George.
The first coat belongs to one of the Wiltshire
families of Goddard, and should be blazoned thus :
Gules, a chevron vair, between three crescents,
argent. The crest is : a stag's head, affrontee,
couped at the neck, gules, attired, or.
The Goddards of Hampshire and Berkshire
bore : Azure, five fusils in fess, betvyeen three
eagles' heads erased, or. And on a monument at
Ogbourne St. Andrew, Wilts, to William God-
dard of that place, Gent, (circa 1650), the above
two coats are quartered on one shield.
I have observed lately that one or two of your
correspondents have spoken of the indistinctness
of tincture in the torteauxes they have been de-
scribing. I would remark that, if they are cor-
rect in making use of the word torteaux, the
colour must necessarily be gules, in the same way
that roundles of or, argent, azure, vert, sable,
tenne purpure and sanguine, are respectively
called bezants, plates, hurts, pomeis, pellets,
oranges, golpes, and guzes. PATONCE.
A Green Rose (1st S. xii. 481.) — Mr. Mitchell,
whose nursery grounds upon Pittdown, near Uck-
field, in Sussex, are well worth visiting, has ex-
hibited several fine specimens of this curious rose
in the course of this year. R. W. B.
Almsfrouses recently founded (2nd S. ii. 189.) —
Partis College, Bath. PATONCE.
BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES
WANTED TO PURCHASE.
STRICKLAND'S QCJEFNS OF ENGLAND. 8vo. Edit. 1852. Vol.1.
OXONIANA. Vol. IV. •
PENNV CYCLOPAEDIA. Vols. XV. to end of Work. Cloth.
*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, carriage free, to be
sent to MESSRS. BELL & DALDY, Publishers of " NOTES AND
QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.
Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct to
the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and ad-
dresses are given for that purpose :
PSALTERTUM DAVIDIS, CARMINE REDDITUM PER EoBANCTM H.ESSUM. Lug-
duni, 1557.
PERRIN (Jean Paul), HISTOIRE DBS VAUDOIS. Geneve. 1618.
BROOK'S (Robert, Lord) LETTER ON THE NATURE OF TRUTH. London,
1640.
Wanted by Rev. B. U. Blacker, 30. Waltham Terrace. Blackrock,
Dublin.
A LATIN or ENGLISH VERSION OF THE AGESILAUS OF XE.VOPHON.
Wanted by F. A. Vincent, B.D., Batley School, Yorkshire.
COURT POEMS. 12mo. 1716, 1717. 1719.
KEY TO THE DCNCIAD. 12mo. 1728.
THE CORLIAD. 8vo. 1729.
LIFE OF ALDERMAN BARBER. Published by Curll.
Wanted by William J. Thorns, Esq., 25. Holywell Street, Millbank,
Westminster.
ta
Amwicf other papers of interest which we ore compelled to postpone
until next n-eeJc ire iu.ni/ mention DR. RIMBAUI/T'S Notes on Cocker ; Form
of Penance in 1720 ; and the first of a series of Stray Notes on Edmund
Curll, his Life and Publications. We are also compelled to postpone our
usual NOTES ON BOOKS.
CAUTION TO COIN COLLECTORS. We have received from MR. WHELAN,
the well-known dealer in Coins, the following letter:
" 42. Bedford Street, Strand,
" Sir,
" As I happen to know that most of the country coin collectors take.
in your interesting paper, will you allow me to make it the medium to
put country numismatists on their guard against certain ' false coins '
now being offered for sale.
" Very few cabinets can boast a good Richard III. Half-groat and
Penny with the boar's head mint mark ; and these are the coins selected
by the forger on this occasion.
" The Half-groat reads — obverse : 'Ricard di Gra Rex Angl Z Fra ;'
Mint mark, boar's head; reverse,' Civitas London.' The Penny reads
on the obv. : ' Ricar D G Rex Ang Fra ; ' rev., ' Civitas London.'
" These forgeries are well made and much worn ; a good price is asked.
" I shall be happy if this be the means of saving the pockets of provin-
cial •collectors.
" Yours, faithfully,
" PETER WHELAN,
" Numismatist."
G. T. (Berwick- on-Tweed), who writes respecting Salt on the Chest
of a Corpse, will find the subject treated of in our 1st S. ix. 536. ; x. 395,
AMICUS is thanked. Your hint shall not be lost sight of.
X. Y. Z. Certainly not.
J. D. We cannot assist you at the present moment. Please specify
particulars of the articles you wish to see.
MAYFLY will find much on the symbolism of Orange Blossoms in our
IstS. viii. 341.;'ix. 386. 527.
" NOTES AND QUERIES " is published at noon on Friday, so that the
Con ni rii booksellers may receive Copies in that night's' parcels, and
deliver them to their Subscribers on the Saturday.
INDEX TO THE FIRST SERIES. As this is now published, and the im-
prewioii /x a limited one, such of our readers as desire copies woidd do
ircll to intimate their wish to their respective booksellers without delay.
Our publishers, MESSRS. BF.LL & DALDV, will forward copies by post on
receipt of a Post Office Order for Five Shillings.
" NOTES AND QUERIES " is also issued in Monthly Parts, for the con-
venience of those who may either have a difficulty in procurinfi the un-
slaniped. weekly Numbers, or prefer receiving it monthly. While parties
irxii/i-rit in the country or abroad, ivlio may be desirous of _rv wiring the
wi 1 1:1 ii Numbers, may have stamped copies forwarded direct from the
Publisher. The subscription for the stamped edition of "NOTES AND
QUERIES " (including a very copious Index) is eleven shillings and four-
pence for six months, which may be paid by Post Office Order, drawn W»
favour of the Publisher, MR. GEORGB BELL, No. 186'. Fleet Street.
2ad s. N° 42., OCT. 18. '56.]
NOTES AND QUEEIES.
301
LONDON, SATURDAY, OCTOBER 18, 1856.
STBAY NOTES ON EDMUND CUBLL, HIS LIFE, AND
PUBLICATIONS.
No. 1. — Introductory.
" Long live old Curl! he ne'er to publish fears
The speeches, verses and last wills of Peers.
How oft has he a publick spirit shown,
And pleased our ears regardless of his own ?
But to give Merit due, though Curl's the Fame,
Are not his Brother-booksellers the same?
Can Statutes keep the British Press in awe,
When that sells best, that's most against the Law? "
The Man of Taste, p. 7.
The name of Edmund Curll figures so promi-
nently, if not honourably, among the bookselling
fraternity of the last century, that a few Notes on
his strange career, his publications regular and
irregular, his controversies with his contemporaries,
his tricks and his trials, may not be without in-
terest to the readers of " N. & Q." of the present
day, or without use to any writers who may here-
after undertake to give the world a literary history
of the period in which he flourished.
The subject is not without its difficulties, for
Curll had the audacity to contend against Pope,
and has paid the penalty of his rashness, in a re-
putation for far more that is dirty and dishonour-
able than he altogether deserved. Few readers of
the present day can forget the poet's description of
his prostrate rival :
" Obscene with filth the miscreant lies bewray'd,
FalFn in the plash his wickedness had laid :"
while the satirist's allusion to " Curll's chaste
press " have served to fix upon the general mind
the impression that all the books issued by him
were of a gross or immoral character.
This, however, is far from being the case ; and
many will no doubt be surprised to learn that the
" Memoirs of the Life and VVritings of Dr. South,"
which Curll in 1717 prefixed to his Posthumous
Discourses, stands so high in the estimation of the
Syndics of the Clarendon press, that they continue
to the present day to prefix it to their collected
edition of the Works of this great Divine.
This is proof enough that Curll was not alto-
gether so black as he was painted ; and it is pro-
bable that before these Notes are brought to an
end, the reader will think that Nichols did not do
more than justice when, in his Literary Anecdotes
(i. 456.), he spoke of him in the following terms :
" The memory of Edmund Curll," says John Nichols,
" has been transmitted to posterity with an obloquy more
severe than he deserved. Whatever were his demerits in
having occasionally published works that the present age
would very properly consider too licentious, he certainly
deserves commendation for his industry in preserving our
National Remains. And it may, perhaps, be added that
he did not publish a single volume but what, amidst a
profusion of base metal, contained some precious ore, some
valuable reliques, which future collectors could nowhere
else have found."
In order to form a just estimate of the cha-
racter of Curll, the then state of literature and of
the law must be taken into account. We must
remember how great were the restraints on the
liberty of the press which existed in his days,
when —
" Ear-less on high stood pillory'd Defoe ; "
how uncertain was the law of libel ; and how
heavy the penalties for publications which were
adjudged libellous. How undefined, or rather
worse than undefined, how degraded, was the po-
sition of the mere author by profession : and, as a
consequence of this state of things, what strange
shifts were occasionally adopted to escape the
risks which then awaited both authors and pub-
lishers, and adopted, too, by men of far higher
social position than Edmund Curll.
The following extract from The Life of Mr.
Thomas Gent, Bookseller of York, affords a cu-
rious illustration of the means to which a bishop
resorted to bring before the public the case of an
injured clergyman :
" I remember once a piece of work came in from a re-
verend bishop, whose pen was employed in vindicating
the reputation of Mr. Ken — sley, an honest clergyman,
who was committed to the King's Bench prison, through
an action of scandalum magnatum, though many thought
the truth was, he had only hinted in private to a certain
noble an heinous crime, that once brought down fire from
heaven, and which was revealed to him by a valet-de-
chambre upon a bed of sickness, when in a state of re-
pentance. And, though I composed the letters, and
think, if my memory does not fail me, that I helped to
work the matter off at press, too, yet I was not permitted
to know who was the author thereof; but, however, when
finished, the papers were packed up, and delivered to my
care ; and the same night, my master hiring a coach, we
were driven to Westminster, where we entered into a
large sort of monastic building.
" Soon were we ushered into a spacious hall, where we
sat near a large table, covered with an ancient carpet of
curious work, and whereon was soon laid a bottle of wine
for our entertainment. In a little time, we were visited
by a grave gentleman in a black lay habit, who enter-
tained us with one pleasant discourse or other. He bid
us be secret ; ' for,' said he, ' the imprisoned divine does
not know who is his defender; if he did, I know his
temper : in a sort of transport he would reveal it, and so
I should be blamed for my good office ; and, whether his
intention was designed to show his gratitude, yet if a
man is hurt by a friend, the damage is the same as if
done by an enemy ; to prevent which, is the reason I de-
sire this concealment.' * You need not fear me, Sir,' said
my master ; ' and I, good Sir,' added I, ' you may be less
afraid of; for I protest I do not know where I am, much
less your person ; nor heard where I should be driven, or
if I shall not be drove to Jerusalem before I get home
again ; nay, I shall forget I ever did the job by to-morrow ;
and, consequently, shall never answer any questions about
it, if demanded. Yet, Sir, I shall secretly remember your
generosity, and drink to your health with this brimful
glass.' Thereupon, this set them both a-laughing ; and
truly I was got merrily tipsy, so merry, that I hardly
302
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2n*S. N°42., OCT. 18. '5G.
knew how I was driven homewards. For my part, I was
ever inclined to secrecy and fidelity; and, therefore, I
was nowise inquisitive concerning our hospitable enter-
tainer; yet I thought the imprisoned clergyman was
hnppy, though he knew it not, in having so illustrious a
friend, who privately strove for his releasement. But,
happening afterwards to behold a state prisoner in a
coach, guarded from Westminster to the Tower, God
bless me, thought I, it was no less than the Bishop of
Rochester, Dr. Atterbury, by whom my master and I had
been treated ! Then came to my mind his every feature,
but then altered through indisposition, and grief for being
under royal displeasure. Though I never approved the
least thing whereby a man might be attainted, yet I ge-
nerally had compassion for the unfortunate; 1 was more
confirmed it was he, because I heard some people say at
that visit, that we were got into the Dean's yard ; and,
consequently, it was his house, though I then did not
know it; but afterwards learned that the Bishop of Ro-
chester was always Dean of Westminster. I thanked
God from my heart that we had done nothing of offence,
at that time, fon any political account; a thing that
produces such direful consequences."
All the various social conditions to which we
have just referred would have to be considered
and discussed, if these "jottings" were intended
to form a regular Biography of Curll.* They
do not, however, lay claim to that character, yet
it is but justice to Curll himself, to the writer
of these remarks, and, indeed, to the readers of
" N. & Q-," that when Curll's conduct is under
consideration, the character of the age in which
he lived, and the conduct of his contemporaries,
should not be lost sight of.
On the same grounds the reader ought not
hastily to upbraid Curll for the grossness of too
many of his publications, without bearing in mind
that in this respect he sinned in company with
men like Swift and Pope. Those who denounce
Curll as a publisher of books of an offensive cha-
racter — and the charge is true enough — would
do well to remember that indecency was one vice
of the age in which he lived ; and that nothing
that Curll ever issued from the press did, or
could, exceed in coarseness and indecency* those
satirical articles in Pope and Swift's Miscellanies
in which Curll figures as the hero.
In an introductory chapter like the present, the
reader will probably look for some particulars of
the birth, parentage, and education of the subject
of our remarks. It is a natural curiosity, but one
which we are unable to gratify. Indeed we may
say, with the writer of the Authentic Memoirs of
the Life and Writings of E • C— /, appended
to the Remarks on Squire Ayre's Memoirs of the
Life and Writings of Mr. Pope :
* The reader is requested to bear in mind that these
NOTES are merely NOTES, and have no pretensions to be
considered as forming a complete Life of Curll. They are
thrown out as materials for future writers, and as pegs
upon which the Correspondents of " N. & Q." may hang
any NOTES they may have made relative to Curll's Life
or Publications.
"As to his Birth, Parentage, and Education, — these,
the two former especially, being somewhat obscure, and
Nothing of Consequence having been related about them,
I shall not trouble the Readers of this Letter with a
formal Account of them, especially as the Publick may
very properly expect, if this Gentleman go on in the
Paths of Glory he hath hitherto trod, to see them given
by a much abler Hand among the accurate Annals of
Mr. Q . And as he is much more conversant with
the Lives, Characters, &c. of Men of this Stamp, than I
can pretend to be, I would not willingly anticipate a
Thing that will make so great a Figure, in all Proba-
bility, one Time or other, in his full and true Accounts."
In place of this, however, we will give some
particulars as to his " whereabouts " at different
periods of his varied career. As a Bookseller,
his frequent changes of residence, as shown on
the title-pages of his various publications, would
seem to indicate that,*with all his tricks and in-
genuity, he was by no means a successful trades-
man.
1708. This is the earliest date at which we have
met with Curll's name on a title-page. A
translation ofBoileau'sLutrin was published
in 1708, among others by " E. Sanger and
E. Curll, at the Post House at the Middle
Temple Gate, and at the Peacock without
Temple Bar."
1709. Muscipula was published by him, "ad in-
signe Pavonis extra Temple Bar."
1710. We find him removed to the premises for-
merly occupied by the well-known book-
seller A. Bosvill; for A Complete Key to the
Tale of a Tub, &c. was " printed for Ed-
mund Curll, at the Dial and Bible against
St. Dunstan's Church in Fleet Street.
Here he remained certainly until 1718;
but in
1720, we find him removed to Paternoster Row ;
where, in that year, he appears to have pub-
lished Jacob's Lives of the Poets.
1723 shows another removal, for in that year
Nichols (Lit. Anec. iv. 273.) states that he
lived " over against Catherine Street in the
Strand," and he was living there in 1726,
when he published Ashmole's Order of the
Garter. In 1728 he is still described on
title-pages as " in the Strand ; " but Mrs.
Thomas speaks of him in
1729 as living "next to Will's Coffee House, in
Bow Street, Covent Garden ; " and that is
the place of publication of " Mr. Congreve's
Last Will and Testament," issued by him in
1730. How long he remained here is un-
certain, but in
1733, when he published The Case of Elizabeth
Fitzmaurice, alias Leeson, and the Lord
William Fitzmaurice, he was residing at
" Burghley Street in the Strand."
1735. In this year, when he published Pope's
Letters, we find him in "Rose Street,
2«<i S. N° 42., OCT. 18. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
303
Covent Garden;" and an advertisement,
•which he inserted in the daily papers on
the subject of that publication, is dated
"From Pope's Head, in Rose Street, Co-
vent Garden, July 20th, 1735." Hence
the allusion in The Dunciad:
" Down with the Bible, up with the Pope's Arms."
And here he was living in
1741, when he published The Rape of Adonis.
Some readers of "1ST. & Q." will probably be
enabled to enlarge this list. We trust that, if so,
they will give others the benefit of their know-
ledge ; for the object of these Notes is not less
that of procuring, than of affording information.
S« N. M.
GENERAL LITERARY INDEX.
" Canute, King of Denmark, surnamed the Great [Watt
refers only to Langebek]. Laws of C., Ecclesiastical and
Secular, v. Wilkins, Leges :Anglo-Saxonicse. Thorpe's
Ancient Laws and Institutes of England. Ecclesiastical,
v. Spelman, Concilia, Lambarde, Archseonomia (eadem
qua3 habetur in Bedae Eccles. Hist, ad calc. 1644, Chroni-
con Brompton (in Hist. Angl. Script, x.), Howel's Sy-
nopsis, Wilkins' Concilia. — Military, Historia Legum
Castrensium C. v. Langebek, Kerum Danicarum Scrip-
tores, iii. To this translation into Latin of the Law of
Witherlag, referred to by Watt, add Jus Aulicum,
idiomate antique Danico Witherlags Raett, v. Resenius,
Leges Antiquae, Pars ii. The history of this law is given
by Spelman, Glossar. Archrcolog. s. v. Englecheria, and
by Bracton, 1. iii. tract 1. c. 15. 'The city of Worcester
was amerced five marks, and the manor of Wikebout two,
for a default of proving engleschery, when a murder had
been committed. It will be necessary to explain what
engleschery meant, being a remarkable circumstance in our
ancient law. To prevent the frequent murders of the
Danes by the English, the barons of England were sure-
ties to Canute the Great, upon his sending his Danish
army back to Denmark, that, when any person was mur-
dered, he should be supposed to be a Dane if he was not
proved to be an Englishman by his parents or kindred ;
and, in default of such proof, if the murderer was un-
known, or had made his escape, the township in which
the man was slain was to be amerced for it sixty-six
marks to the king ; or if, by reason of the poverty
of the township, that sum could not be raised from
thence, it was to be paid by the hundred. This agree-
ment was carried into a law; which, when the Nor-
mans had got possession of England, they applied to
themselves and all the other foreigners who had come
over with them, under the general name of French [De
Murdro Francigense occisi, et homines hundredi non
prehendunt et ducunt ad justitiam infra viii. dies ut
ostendat ob quam causam fecerit, reddant Murdri nomine
xlvii. Marcas, vol. iv. p. 332.] : but, by the record here
recited, it evidently appears, that amercements for default
of proving Engleschery were not near so high in the
times of which I write as under King Canute.' Lord
Lyttelton's History of the Life of King Henry the Se-
cond, vol. iii. 224, 225. Cf. Hickes's Dissertatio, p. 95.
Macaulay's History, i. 13."
For eulogies on the Laws of Canute, v. Langebek,
ut supra, ii. 45. 492. and ill. passim. There is a
new edition of his Laws by Jan. Laur. Andr.
Kolderup Rosenvinger, Haun, 1826. It is ac-
companied, says Thorpe, by some excellent re-
marks of the learned editor.
Walecheria, 12 Edw. I. c. 3. did not enforce the
same penalties. But a learned correspondent of
•* N. & Q." reminds me of
" The old Irish pecuniary satisfaction (an-oti/a) for
lomicide and other offences. It is related of O'-N'eal in
the sixteenth century that on the English chief govjrnor
demanding leave to send a sheriff into his country, the
Irishman readily consented, but desired only to know at
what sum his Eric was fixed, so that if he happened to
be slain, the amount might be levied off the Clan — a
prospect not very seductive to the intended official."
That " Murdrum " was not peculiar to England
is shown by Maurer in his Inquiry into Anglo-
Saxon Mark- Courts and their Relation to Manorial
and Municipal Institutions, and Trial by Jury, 8vo.,
London, 1855. BIBLIOTIIECAR. CHETIIAM.
POETICAL WILLS.
MR. BLENCOWE (1st S. xii. 81.) has given some
curious specimens of poetical wills ; allow me to
subjoin two which I have transcribed from cut-
tings of two old newspapers. G.
No. 1.
John Hedges, late of Finchley, Middlesex, Esq., proved
July 5, 1737.
" This Fifth day of May,
Being airy and gay, "
To hip not inclined,
But of vigorous mind,
And my body in health,
I'll dispose of my wealth
And of all I'm to have
On this side the grave,
To some one or other,
I think to my brother ;
But because I foresaw
That my brother-in-law,
If I did not take care,
Would come in for a share,
Which I no ways intended
Till their manners were mended —
And of that, God knows, there's no sign —
I do therefore enjoin
And strictly command,
As witness my hand,
That nought *I have got
Be brought to hotch-pot ;
And I give and devise,
Be much as in me lies,
To the son of my mother,
My own dear Brother,
To have and to hold,
And my silver and gold,
As the "affectionate pledges
Of his brother
Jonx HEDGES."
No. 2.
William Jacket, late of the Parish of St. Mary, Islington,
dec., proved July 17, 1789.
" I give and bequeath,
When I'm laid underneath,
304
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd s. N° 42., OCT. 18. '56.
To my two loving sisters most dear,
The whole of my store,
Were it twice as much more,
Which God's goodness has granted me here.
;." And that none may prevent
This my will and intent,
Or occasion the least of law racket, * ||
With a solemn appeal
I confirm, sign, and seal
This the true act and deed of
WILL. JACKET."
NEWCOURT'S " EEPERTORIUM."
As the diocese of London will shortly be sub-
jected to a new arrangement, it is much to be de-
sired that some steps should be taken to complete
to the present time the various lists of incumbents
contained in Newcourt's Repertorium Ecclesias-
ticum Parochiale Londinense. As a century may
elapse before we meet wiih another "Notary
Publick " to continue what this author so ably
commenced, it has occurred to me, that by a di-
vision of labour this desirable object might be at-
tained. The plan that suggests itself is a simple
one ; but one which perhaps can only be carried
out by the authorities of Sion College. Let the
librarian, with the consent of the president and
fellows, issue a circular to the present incumbents
of all the parishes enumerated by IsTewcourt, so-
liciting a return of the names of their predecessors
since the year 1700, when the author closed his
History. The returns should be made upon the
plan laid down by Newcourt, containing a short
biographical notice of each incumbent, and other
memoranda relating to his church.
From two articles inserted in "N. & Q." (1st S.
xii. 381., and 2nd S. i. 261.), it appears that some
materials for a new edition of Newcourt's great
work have been collected by Bishop Kennett, Peter
Le Neve, and William Cole, the Cambridge an-
tiquary. Whilst writing I find from the papers
that the Rev. William Henry Milman, M.A.,
son of the Dean of St. Paul's, has recently been
appointed Librarian of Sion College ; and I am
sure there is no one who would more cordially
and energetically assist in any good work con-
ducive to the benefit of the church of the present
and future ages. J. Y.
FORM OF PENANCE IN 1720.
" The copy of a pennance which was done and per-
form^ by Oliver Clark of this parish of Long Houghton
in the county of Northumberland, and diocese of Durham.
" As appointed, he was present in parish Church afores'd,
in Ids penitential habitt, viz. bareheaded, bareleg'd, and
barefooted, with a white sheet about his shoulders, and a
white Rod in hi* hand, immediately after the Niceen
Creed, and stood upon a stool, in the said Church, before
the Minister and y« whole congregation, then and there
assembled, he did acknowledge his offence in committing
the sin of Incest, by saying after the Minister, with a dis-
tinct and audible voice as followeth, viz. :
" Whereas (good neighbours) I, forgetting and neglect-
ing my duty towards Almighty God, and the care that I
ought to have had of my precious soul, have committed
the horrid and detestable Sin of Incest with Margret
Clark, Widdow of my Uncle Sam., to the great danger of
my precious soul, the evil and pernicious example and
encouragement of others, and the scandall of all good
Christians, I do here, in the presence of this congregation,
in most penitential and sorrowful manner, acknowledge
and confess my said sin and wickedness, and do declare
myself to be heartily sorry for the same ; humbly desiring
Almighty God, from the bottom of my heart, and all good
Christians offended thereby, to forgive me this and all
other my sins and offences, and so to assist me with the
grace of his holy Spirit, that I may never committ the
like hereafter. To which purpose and end, I desire you
all here present to pray unto Almighty God, with me and
for me, saying :
" 0 Lord, we beseech thee, mercifully hear our prayers
and spare this penitent who confesseth his sins unto thee,
and give him grace so to reform and end his life, that he
whose conscience by sin is accused, by thy merciful
pardon may be absolved through Christ our Lord.
Amen.
" 0 most mighty God, and merciful Father, who hast
compassion upon all men, and hatest nothing that thou
hast made, who wouldest not the death of a sinner, but
that he should rather turn from his sins and be sav'd,
mercifully forgive this penitent his sins and trespasses ;
receive and comfort him who is griev'd and wearied with
the burthen of his sins : Thy property is always to have
mercy; to thee only it appertaineth to forgive sins.
Spare him, therefore, good Lord, spare this penitent whom
thou hast redeem'd; enter not into judgment with this
thy servant, who is vile earth and a miserable sinner ;
but so turn thine anger from him, who meekly acknow-
ledges his vileness, and truly repents him of his faults ;
and so make haste to help him in this world that he may
ever live with thee in the world to come, through Jesus
X1 our Lord. Amen.
" Our Father wh art in heaven," £c.
" Sep. 27, 1720.
"Elisabeth, the most base daughter of Oliver Clark
(begotten on his Uncle Sam's widow) Roper of Long-
Houghton, was Xtned."
J.MN.
COMMON-PLACE HOOKS FOR THE BIBLE.
I have been in the habit of filling an interleaved
Bible with notes from, or reference to, passages in
all classes of writers which serve to illustrate the
text. A commentary of this kind, taken from a
wide and varied range of reading, and compiled
with judgment, would prove much more profitable
and instructive than the heavy and jejune works
which often pass under that name. At the same,
time, such a commentary need by no means clash
with a good commentary, compiled on a more
formal and restricted plan. Locke and Dodd's
well-known Common-place Book to the Bible by
no means corresponds to its name, except in a
disparaging sense. The Commentaries of the Rev.
2nd g. NO 42., OCT. 18. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
305
Jas. Ford, on the Gospels and Acts, " Illustrated
from Ancient and Modern Athens," come perhaps
nearer my meaning than any publication I re-
member, and yet they take in by no means a wide
or varied range of learning or illustration. Pici-
nelli's work too I may mention, though I only
know it in the Latin translation, and it is con-
fined to ancient authors :
" Picinelli (D. Philippi) Lumina Reflexa, seu omnium
veterum Classicorum ac Ethnicorum Authorum exactis-
simus Consensus cum singulis Capitibus ac singulis pene
Versibus Sacrorum Bibliorum V. et N. T. deserviens in-
star Commentarii ad to tarn S. Scripturam. Ex Italico
Latine reddidit D. Augustinus Erath. Franco/., 1702.
Folio."
Such a commentary as I propose would furnish
a noble aim and central point of unity for the
discursive reading of a cultivated mind. Were it
undertaken by one man, I could name none more
suitable than the Rev. Richard Chenevix Trench.
It would be best performed, however, by the
united efforts of several persons.
Apropos to this subject, A Patristic Commen-
tary on the whole Bible was planned some years
ago by Dr. Newman, Dr. Pusey, Rev. J. Williams,
Rev. C. Marriott, &c. ; but unfortunately was
never carried into execution, and such a work
still remains a great desideratum. EIRIONNACH.
EPITAPHS.
Epitaph in Plumstead Churchyard. —
"S.S.S.
Interred lie the mortal remains of
General Sir William Green, Baronet,
Chief Royal Engineer,
Departed this life, Jan. 11, 181L Aged 86 years.
Efficient duty reminiscent grave
Yet mild philantrophy a reign may save
If but the mind incline rare to deny
Courteous humane to misery a sigh
To woe and wretchedness a constant friend
What's the proud curse — a rind an atom cloud
Where shines the planet nature's voice is loud
Soft sweep the lyre pity her distress
Compassion's melting moods her numbers bless
On. these perhaps our future joys depend
Aided by the interference of an honourable friend
In the honourable corps of Artillery
We have further consigned to memory
A tablet in the Sanctuary of the Church."
M. C.
Epitaph at Truro. — In the church of St.
Mary's, Truro, Cornwall, is a mural tablet bear-
ing the following quaint record of the character
and deeds of a hero of olden time :
" A6£a ei> VI/HOTOIS ©ew.
"To the pious and wel deserved memory of OWEN
FITZ-PEX ALS PHIPPEN, who travelled over many parts
of the world, and on y° 24^ March, 1620, was taken by
the Turkes and made "a captive in Argier. He projected
sundry plots for his libertie, and on ye 17«* June, 1627,
with 10 other Christian captives dutch and french (per-
suaded by his counsel and courage), he began a cruel
fight, with 65 Turkes in their own ship, we. lasted 3
bowers, in we. 5 of his companie were slaine, yet God
made him captaine. So he brought the ship into Carta-
gene, being of 400 tuns and 22 Ordce. The King sent
for him to Madrid to see him, he was proffered a capi-
taine's place and the K.'s favour if he would turne Papist,
we. he refused. He sold all for 6000Z., returned to Eng-
land, and died at Lamoran, 17 March, 1636.
" Melcomb in Dorset wos his place of birth,
Age 54, and here lies Earth on Earth.
" Geo. Fitz-Pen als Phippen,
Ipsius frater et hums Ecclesiae Rector,
H. M. P."
There are two shields engraved on the tablet ;
the one bearing three scallop shells, and the other
a lion rampant and crosslets.
Epitaph at Norwich. — As you occasionally ad-
mit epitaphs in your pages possessing singularity
from the events recorded, as well as others of un-
questioned merit, I enclose one copied from the
graveyard of the Old Men's Hospital, in Norwich,
which under the former distinction may deserve
admission in your columns :
«In
Memory of
Mrs. PHEBE CREWE,
who died May 28, 1817,
Aged 77 years.
Who, during forty years'
practise as a midwife
in this City, brought into
the world nine thousand
seven hundred and
thirty Children."
HENRY DAVENEY.
Epitaph at Kinver, Staffordshire. — The fol-
lowing epitaph seems worth preserving in " N. &
Q." It is on a tomb in Kinver Church, Stafford-
shire :
" To the Memory
of Eliza, wife of W. Crawsley.
She died in childbed, Nov. 13, 1813.
Aged 28.
" In this sequester'd fane, this humble stone,
Guiltless of art, adorn'd by truth alone,
Thy virtues, lov'd Eliza, best may show,
And point the sources of a husband's woe.
What if no scenes of busier life appear,
With dazzling radiance in thy brief career ?
Thine was the soul that shunn'd the general gaze,
Thine the mild lustre of domestic praise.
Five fleeting years in joys unsullied past,
Four pledges of delight, too pure to last,
Presaged how brightly in more lengthen'd life
Had shone the friend, the mother, and the wife.
Charm'd by thy tongue, by thy example fired,
No more my youth life's giddy course desired.
Oh ! how without thee shall the path be trod
That leads to Life, to Virtue, and to God !
306
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2n«i S. N° 42., GOT. 18. '56.
Yet shall my soul His high behest obey,
Whose bounty gave, whose justice takes away ;
Nor e'er my grateM heart forget that he
Ow'd thee to Heaven, who ow'd his heaven to thee.
STYLITES.
Epitaph at Abinger.—'From a wood-rail memo-
rial in Abinger Churchyard, Surrey :
" To the memory of Henry Hubbard, died 1849, aged
72 years.
M My hammer and anvil have lost its ring,
Mv bellows, too, have lost its wind,
My fire's extinct, my forge decayed.
My rasp and vice in the dust are laid ;
My coal is spent, my iron gone,
Mv last nail's driven, my work is done."
D.D.H.
Curious Epitaphs. — In S. Maria del Popolo,
Rome : —
1. Over the son of a professor of geometry :
" Hie lapis centrum est,
Cujus peripheria vita fuit.
Giratu.3 est quondam in hoc turbulento vitze circulo
Nobilis * *
Parente regni Geometria
Qui infelicissime quadraturam circuli invenit,
Dum filius ejus dilcctissimus
Sub hoc quadrate lapide sepulchral!
Humatus est."
2. Over an artist of the seventeenth century.
At the top of his monument, made by his own
hands as a specimen of his skill in painting, sculp-
ture, and architecture, is his portrait in a fixed
frame ; and underneath it the words, " Neque
hie vivus." Beneath the epitaph, within a grated
sepulchre, the figure of a human skeleton is sculp-
tured in marble, and so placed as to appear to
look through the grating ; above which are the
words " Nee illic mortuus :"
" J. B. GlSLENUS ROMANUS
Sed orbis civis potius quam viator
Omnia bona ut mala sectim tulit.
Domum hie quserens brevem, alibi asternam,
Suis edoctus floribus, pomis ac montibus,
,Vitam non modo cadueam esse, sed fluxam,
Ea sese vivum expressit imagine
Quam non nisi pulvis et umbra fingeret.
Memor vero hominem esse plastice natum,
Htec artis suaj vestigia fixit in lapide,
Sed pe:le mox temporis conterenda.
|Ita mortis sure obdurescens in victoria
Ut illam captivain ac saxeam fecerit
Picturae Sculpture et Architectures
Triplici in pugna nulli daturus palmam ;
Judex non integer scissus in partes.
1'eregit tandem extremum annum,
A te nee plausus cxacturus nee planctus
Sed in aditu ' Ave,' in exitu ' Salve.'
A.I>. 1G72, suum agebat 60."
These inscriptions I have never met with in
print. Of their unsuitable character for a church-
yard, there can be no doubt, much less for the in-
terior of a church. How comforting the thought
that such epitaphs, and the melancholy renaissance
to which they owe their origin, are dying out day
by day. CEYEEP.
Curious Entry of a Baptism at Oglourne St,
Andrew, co. Wilts. —
" When Europe's mirrour England's royall Queene, Eliz-
abeth, was dead,
Then Collerne's Elizabeth ye first was seene, in Ogg-
bourne christened,
Both she and wee and all this Land may rue y* wofull
day,
Wherein ye Lord with angry hand, our Queene did
take away.
Full foure and forty yeares and more this Virgin Queene
did reigne,
Wherein God's holy word in store she kept, and did
mainteine.
Elizabeth Collerne yc daughter of Robert Collernc
was baptized ye xxvijth of March being Sonday.
God graunt y* precious pearle may still in England
preached be,
Yl kept may be his holy will, of all of each degree ;
So shall both quyetness and peace in England still
abound,
God's love towards us will increase, our foes, he will
confound ;
This is my wishe, This humbly I request, God graunt
it thus may be,
If not let Audrewe's Oggbourne Curate rest in heaven
with Christ, with thee ;
Amen, Amen.
Now noble James, of Scotland, England, Ireland, King,
God graunt thee long to reigne,
With sharpest sword to cut down sinne, good lawes to
bring, and God's word to mcintaine ;
Then shall the hartes of English wightes be firmly
knitt to thee,
Of gracious Earles, of noble Knightes, of all in each
degree,
Amen, Amen, Amen.
" The poem of Edward Baron
Curat of Ogborn."
The above is entered under the year 1603.
The Queen died at Richmond on the 24th, of
March, three days before the date of the baptism.
In the burial register at Ogbourne St. Andrew is
the following entry :
" Mr. William Goddard, parson of both Oggbournes,
was buried with great solemnity June xvth, 1604, being
Trinity Monday before the Coronation of James, King of
Scotland."
PATONCE.
Even the Name of America faulty. — Having
had occasion to look over some of the most rare
Incunabula of the travels of Amerigo Vespucci, I
find that his Christian name was Emmericus, the
German St. Emmerich, which was only Italianised
into vlmerigo. Alexander Humboldt has shown
in his Examen Critique how it came that the
name was given to America from one who was not
its discoverer. But as even this name is one of
2nd s. N° 42., OCT. 18. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
307
faulty construction, let us henceforth exclaim,
" Hail Colombia ! " J. LOTSKY.
15. Gower Street.
Extraordinary Births. — There is a woman now
living in Chester, the wife of a tavern-keeper, who
has had twenty- six children in sixteen years.
This has been accomplished by a plentiful sprink-
ling of twins among the ordinary births. Several
of the children are still living, but the parents
have filled three graves in St. Oswald's church-
yard with the defunct issue of their marriage.
T. HUGHES.
Chester.
" Coot'' — In looking over Skelton's Phylyp
Sparowe, I noticed the line :
" And also the mad coote."
This recalled to my memory a proverbial saying
in the west of Cornwall, "As mad as a coot:"
meaning, that the person was excessively angry.
Is there anything in the habits of the bird war-
ranting the character here given it ?
J. II. A. BONE.
Oldest Australian Colonist. —
" The Melbourne papers report the death of one Henry
Waller, aged 62, the oldest Australian emigrant, he
having resided in that colony 37 years. It is melancholy
to find that Waller died suddenly from a heart disease,
induced by excessive tippling." — Times, Aug. 1G, 1856.
R. W. HACK WOOD.
" As deep as the North Star : " " As deep as Gar-
rick."'' — These are two degrees of comparison for
intensified cunning in common use amongst the
lower classes in this town and neighbourhood.
The relevancy of the former expression is not very
apparent, yet there must be a reason for it ; and
the latter is remarkable as showing that the genius
of the modern Roscius was something beyond the
mere fame which attaches itself to the actor of an
age. In this case, although the term " deep " has
been wrested from its original signification of
tragic intensity, and the name of Garrick has been
corrupted into " Garratt," the existence of such a
proverb amongst a people who can have scarcely
heard of Garrick shows how widely spread the
fame of that great actor must have been, and how
transcendant that art which could so simulate
nature as to pass into a by-word.
JOHN PAVIN PHILLIPS.
IJaverfordwest.
Font Inscription. — The following inscription is
cut on the stone base of the fine Norman font in
Radley Church, Berks :
" Vas sacrum antiquissimum, diu apud rusticos in pago
neglectum tandem denuo inter res sacras servandum
curavit Johannes Radcliffe hujus ecclesiae vicarius, A.D.
MDCCCXL."
W. J. BERNHARD SMITH.
Temple.
Duplicates. — In the Kaiserliches Zeughaus, in
Vienna, I have seen the balloon in which Marshal
Jourdan ascended to reconnoitre the Austrian
army at Fleurus. Last summer, in the riding
school at Metz, I also saw the balloon in which the
marshal made his ascent. The one is unlike the
other. Did the French commander go up in two
balloons ? Or did the Austrians manufacture the
trophy, like the Russians the flng of the Tiger, to
humour the natives ? J. DORAN.
The Amalfitan Table — The Defenders of the
Faith ! — Mr. H. Flanders's treatise on Maritime
Law (Boston, U. S., 1852, 8vo.) contains the fol-
lowing remarkable passage, which we copy ad
litteram :
" The earliest code of modern sea laws was compiled
for the free and trading Republic of Amalfi ... to-
wards the end of the eleventh century. The laws known
as the Amalfitan Table are entirely lost. No fragment of
them has floated down to us. And yet they are men-
tioned by authors who wrote so recently as the sixteenth
century, as still in existence, and possessing more au-
thority than any other code. . . . The naval power
of Amalfi was as superior to that of her neighbours, as was
her jurisprudence ; and it rendered important services to
Christendom, by aiding the pontiffs to repulse the Sa-
racens. Leo IV. conferred on (the Republic of) Amalfi
the title of Defender of the Faith. But nations, like in-
dividuals, have their periods. The sun ascends to the
meridian, and then sinks beneath the horizon. Such is
nature's law."
J. LOTSKY.
15. Gower Street.
Fowlers of Staffordshire. — Perhaps some of
your readers could give me the crest and arms of
the Fowlers of Staffordshire, and inform me
whether there is any pedigree of the family to be
procured ? WILFRED.
" The Blister." — Who is the author of a piece
with the following curious title, The Blister, or a
Little Piece to Draw, a petit burletta in one act,
London, 8vo., 1814. R. J.
Wm. Cooper, B. A. — Can you give me any in-
formation regarding W. Cooper, B.A., author of
The Student of Jena, a German romance, pub-
lished at Norwich in 1842. R. J.
Brilley Church and Funeral Stone, Hereford-
shire. — On the fly-leaf of a book in my posses-
sion is pasted the following account of a very
singular custom : it is printed on a narrow slip of
paper, and does not appear to be cut out of a
newspaper. I send it for preservation in your
valuable columns, should you think it worthy of
insertion :
" There are to be found in highly favoured Britain
many rejics of driu'dical and popish superstition ; and
308
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2°a S. NO 42., OCT. 18. '56.
many villagers in different parts of the kingdom are still
spell-bound by the same prejudices which, centuries back,
and even before the reformation, fettered the minds of
tjjeir uninstructed ancestors. A minister, largely aided
by the Home Missionary Society, writes, in one of his
quarterly communications :
" < Last night as I was returning home, after preaching
at Brilley Common, my companions desired me to look at
a large stone, near the high road, and about thrde hundred
yards from the church (Brilley, Herefordshire); they
said that every corpse buried at that church is carried
round that stone before its interment. They said that
without going round the stone the dead person could not go
to heaven ! Under this conviction, one of the men that
was talking with me caused his mother to be carried
round the stone, before taking her to be buried. "
Brilley stone is eighty yards from the entry to
tbe churchyard : it was formerly a cross, but by
some accident it was broken in the middle some
years since. The people used to carry the corpse
THREE TIMES ROUND IT, but that CUStOHl is nOW
dropt.
A few burials of late have taken place without
going round the stone, but in general the dead are
still carried round it ; and the common opinion,
as before stated, is, that the dead cannot go to
heaven without this ceremony being performed.
Can any of your correspondents inform me if
the stone is still in being, and this curious burial
custom retained ? and what its origin ?
J. B. WHITBORNE.
Celtic Element in the English Language. — Will
you, or some of your learned correspondents,
kindly inform me whether there are any, and
what, works on this subject ? EDEN WARWICK.
Birmingham.
James Baird of Chesterhall, was Clerk of the
Wardrobe to Queen Anne. He was a son of
Baird of Newbyth, and married a daughter
of Watson of Bilton Park, Yorkshire. I
am very anxious to know what family he left,
and to learn any particulars of his descend*
ants. I will also feel very grateful for any par-
ticulars respecting the office of Clerk of the
Wardrobe. He was connected, I understand,
with the Exchequer in Scotland ; so perhaps his
duties as clerk may have been carried on in Edin-
burgh. SIGMA THETA.
Rowe, Serjeant-at-Law. — Harl., 1174. (p. 89.),
gives John Rowe, of Howe Place, serjeant-at-law,
and adds that he sold Rowe Combe (or Place) in
the 23rd year of Henry VIII. Lysons (Magna
Britannia, vol. vi. pt. i. p. ccxiii.), on the au-
thority of Sir William Pole, mentions William
Howe, Esq., among " the persons of very good
family formerly residing in Totnes;" and adds,
" his son John, who was serjeant-at-law in the
reign of Henry VIII., married the heiress of Barn-
house of Kingston." I am aware of difficulties in
the way of reconciling the supposition, but I have
a strong suspicion that the two above-named ser-
jeants-at-law were the same person. I therefore
venture to ask, if you, or any correspondent, are
aware whether there is any reliable list of ser-
jeants ? and, if so, whether there were two John
Rowes (or Roes, for the name is spelt very vari-
ously), Serjeants in the reign of Henry VIII. ?
TEE BEE.
" Pikemonger ? — Among the recorded bene-
factors to the parish of St. Edward, Cambridge,
occurs the name of one Ellis, a " Pikemonger."
What was this good man's calling ? It may be he
was a maker of the weapon so called, the manu-
facture of which in our own times has been so ex-
tensively revived in Ireland ; but I am rather
inclined to think he followed the more peaceful
trade of a fishmonger, making the pike, perhaps,
his principal fish. It is . well known that Cam-
bridgeshire has always been celebrated for these
voracious " river sharks " ; and when, in the six-
teenth and seventeenth centuries, the sovereign or
other distinguished persons visited Cambridge,
the mayor and corporation generally presented
them with a pike. (Vide Cooper's Annals.) Even
now the rivers which flow through our fens, and
the mighty drains which run into them, probably
produce these fish greater both in size and quantity
than any other waters in Britain. I shall be glad
to know if any of your readers can confirm this
idea of the avocation of a " pikemonger."
NORRIS DECK.
Cambridge.
" London Directory." — James Brown, an En-
glish traveller and scholar, wrote The Directory,
or List of Principal Traders in London, 1732.
He gave it to one Henry Kent, a printer in Finch
Lane, Cornhill ; who published it from year to
year, and acquired by it a fortune, with which he
purchased an estate. None of these Directories
appear to exist in the British Museum, nor in the
Library of the London Corporation. As it would
be interesting to compare one of them (especially
the one of 1732) with the present corpulent Lon-
don Directory, any of your correspondents who
can give information where this one, or any of the
others can be seen, will oblige K. J.
The Duke of MonmoutKs Mother was Lucy
Walters, otherwise Barlow, a Pembrokeshire
woman. There was a family named Barlow set-
tled at Slebech, in that county, from Henry VIII.'s
reign till somewhat recent times, of which the
representative was created a baronet in 1677.
Was she of that family ? It would oblige me to
be informed of her parents' names, date of birth,
and place in pedigree. TEE BEE.
London Watchmakers 'of former Times. — I
have a very ancient silver watch, which has been
2nd s. NO 42., OCT. 18. '56.]
NOTES AND QUEBIES.
309
in my family from an immemorial date. In shape
it is the very reverse of a modern flat watch, being
an inch and a half thick, and in every respect has
a perfectly antique appearance. The name of the
maker is " John Everell, by the Maypole in the
Strand, London, No. 420." Can any reader of
" N. & Q." inform me of this Everell, or when
floruit? or is there any work which gives an ac-
count of the old eminent watchmakers of London ?
May I also add that I have an antique gold watch,
of a more diminutive size, and evidently of a much
later period, which has an embossed allegorical
representation of the four seasons at the back,
and is inscribed "Joseph Martineau, senior,
London, No. 1142."? I should wish to know
something concerning this Martineau, Senior.
A.
Nicknames of American States. — In English
Traits Emerson says (p. 27.) :
"I chanced to read Tacitus On the Manners of the
Germans, not long since, in Missouri and the heart of
Illinois, and I found abundant points of resemblance be-
tween the Germans of the Hercyniau forest and our
Boosters, Suckers, and Badgers, of the American woods."
I am told that the three words printed in
Italics are the nicknames given by the Americans
to the inhabitants of three of the states of the
Union (for instance, that by " Suckers " the in-
habitants of Illinois are meant). Can any of your
readers furnish me with a complete list of similar
nicknames in use in the United States to desig-
nate the inhabitants of each state ?
VESPERTILIO.
Cirencester.
Connection of the Ancients ivith America. — Can
any of your readers contribute information as to
the alleged discovery of Greek or Roman remains
in the New World ? Some years since I read an
account of a Greek inscription, said to have been
discovered on the banks of the river La Plata.
Is there anything further known of it ? The same
question will apply also to the alleged discovery,
mentioned in the newspapers about a twelvemonth
since, of a pot of Roman coins, in the excavations
made for some portion of the railway on the
Isthmus of Darien. HENRY T. RILEY.
Plague Plant. — Can any Carthusian, or other
naturalist, give me the natural history name of
the plague plant, a plant- so called which grows, or
did grow, in the grounds of the Charterhouse ?
So far as I can recollect, it had a small yellow
flower ; and from the milky juice in the stem, I
am inclined to think that it was one of the Eu-
phorbiaceae. This milky juice either had, or was
fancied to have, a sickly smell, and it was a cur-
rent tradition that it only grew on that spot,
owing its nutriment to the bodies interred there
during the great plague of 1348-52 ; at which
period the grounds and square formed part of
Pardon Churchyard, purchased by Sir Walter
Manny for the burial of the dead.
HENRY T. RILEY.
Liturgical Queries. — 1. The verse in the Veni
Creator beginning "Dissolve litis vincula," is
omitted in the Hymnarium Sarisburiense (Darling,
1846), and would seem to be also wanting in the
other English Service-books. Nevertheless the
longer metrical version in our Ordination Offices
contains a translation of it, whilst the shorter ver-
sion, and the two among Brady and Tate's hymns,
all agree in omitting it. Can any of your corre-
spondents explain this curious circumstance ?
2. Is the Doxology, " Praise God from whom
all blessings flow," &c., to be ascribed to good
Bishop Ken ?
3. When were the stanzas from Bishop Ken's
" Morning and Evening Hymns " first printed
with the Metrical Psalms ? and who made the
selection ?
4. Were Brady and Tate the authors of all the
" Hymns " at the end of their Psalms ? QUJDAM.
Ayreys or Aireys of Westmorland. — Can any
of your heraldic correspondents give me any in-
formation respecting the family and arms of the
Ayreys or Aireys of Westmorland ? R. A. A.
" Gites" — Boys commencing their classical
studies, attending the lowest class in the classical
academies of Scotland, are called gites ; and I
believe the same designation has clung to them
for a longer period than the present and two past
generations. At least, I find no person who can
inform me of the origin of the name. If you ask
a junior boy what class he is in, he will probably
answer " in the gites." Can any of your readers
inform me what is the origin of the term, and
whether it is used elsewhere ? A. G. T.
Edinburgh.
Which is the Quercus Robur f — In an early
Number of the 1st Series I asked this question,
and have received no answer. It is of some
importance to ascertain which of the two varieties
of English oak is the best, and in what districts
each prevails. If any of your readers, at this
season, would look at any fine specimens of En-
glish oak that are probably not planted trees, and
make a note of the way the acorns grow, whether
they have stalks, or are sessile, t. e. with the
shortest possible stalk, one admirer of the oak
will be obliged to them. A. HOLT WHITE.
St. JameS) Clerhenwell. — Wanted, the names
of the ministers of this church between the death
of the Rev. Dew el Pead in 1722, and the election
of the Rev. William Sellon, circa 1757. J. Y.
310
NOTES AND QUERIES.
S. N« 42., OCT. 18. '56.
iftttmr CStterteS fottf)
Southwell MSS. — Tlie Southwell MSS. were
sold by the late Mr. Thorpe, of Bedford Street,
London, in or about the years 1834-5. They
were all of great historical and antiquarian im-
portance, but some of them related almost exclu-
sively to the county of Down, Ireland. The
writer, for antiquarian purposes, is most anxious
to ascertain where the after-described volumes are
now deposited, and trusts some of your readers
will be kind enough to supply him with the de-
sired information. The Nos. and titles are taken
from Thorpe's Catalogue.
" 194. Cromwell Barony Papers, 4 vols. folio.
195. Cromwell Family Papers.
354. Downe Estate. Memorial and other Papers re-
lative to the Lands at Downe-Patrick, the Pro-
perty of the Cromwells, Southwells, and the
late Lord de Clifford. Folio.
35G. Rent Rolls of the Downe Estate of the Hon. Edw.
Southwell for 1743-4-5-6.
367. Constat of the Patent for the Lands of Moyrach
to Murtogh, McTurlogh, O'Lauvry, &c. Folio.
433. Ireland. Official Copies of the Letters, Orders in
Council, &c., relative to the Office of Lord Lieu-
tenant of Ireland, from October 1710, to August
1717. 2 vols. fol.
434. Irish State Papers. Official Copies of Letters
from the Lords Justices of Ireland, from Julv
1711, to Sept, 1713. Fol."
DlJN-DA-LETHGLAS.
[Our correspondent will find many of the Southwell
papers in the British Museum ; among' others, " Historical
Collections relating to Ireland from the Southwell Papers,
1576—1751, 4 vols. folio." See Addit. MSS. 21,135 to
21,138.]
" The Tarantula." — A correspondent, a few
days since, forwarded me this note, " The Taran-
tula, or Dance of Fools, a Squib;" and adds, that
he is informed that it was a prize essay, written
by the late Sir Ii. Peel when at college, and that
ten copies only were printed. I am unable to
give any information about it ; but should be glad
to know if it be authentic, and the circumstances
which called it forth ? It bears a curious title for
a prize essay. TEE BEE.
[We advise our correspondent to keep a sharp eye
upon Eaton Stannard Barrett, the facetious writer of All
the Talents, 1805, as we feel more inclined to attribute the
authorship of The Tarantula (1809) to him than to Sir
Robert Peel. The writer of the latter work published
two years before, The Rising Sun, a Serio-Comic Satiric
Romance, by Cervantes Hogg, F.S.M. [ ? Fellow of the
Swinish Multitude!] in two vols. 12mo., 1807. Both
works contain humorous satirical prints, allusive of the
times. 1
Rustijigton Church, Sussex. — Can any of your
Sussex correspondents give me any information
respecting the parish church of Rustington (a
small village about one mile east of Little Hamp-
ton) ? Walking through that district a few days
ago, and finding the church open, I strolled in :
the interior gave unmistakeable signs of its anti-
quity, and is well worthy of a description in your
valuable paper. CHARLES MCCHARLES.
[Dallaway, in his Western Sussex, edit. 1832, vol. ii.
pt. i. p. 25., has given the following account of this
church : " This church is more spacious than others in
this district, consisting of a nave, two aisles (as is usual
in this county, under the roof of the nave), and a small
chapel, probably sepulchral, attached to that on the north
side, which was rebuilt at the same period. The tower
at the west end, and part of the nave, are decidedly of
the Norman style. The chancel is of the time of Ed-
ward I. There is no satisfactory account of the founder
of the additional chapel, nor of its original destination.
The register has its first entry in 1568."]
"Muggy." — Query, Derivation as applied to
the weather ? FUIT.
[Dr. Ogilvic gives the following derivation: " MUG-
GISH, MUGGY ; Welsh mwcan, a cloud of fog ; mwg, smoke,
or from the root of Muck. Moist; damp; close; warm
and unelastic ; as muggy air." See also the word MOKY,
in Todd's Johnson.']
NOTES CONCERNING EDWARD COCKER AND HIS
WORKS.
(1st S. xi. 57.; 2nd S. ii. 252.)
The following curious extracts are copied from
the MS. note- book of " John Massey of Wands-
worth, A.D. 1747." They furnish some minute
particulars of this old worthy and his works, and
may be read with interest by some of your readers.
I should add that the MS. is in my possession.
" In the year 1657, Cocker published his Plumca
Triumph us ; in some title-pages it is The Pen's Triumph,
invented, written, and engraved by himself; he lived then
on the south side of St. Paul's church, over against
Paul's chain, where he taught the art of writing; which
perhaps was his first work from the rolling press ; at least
I have seen none older, that is dated. His picture is in
the front, with this inscription over it, 'JEtatis suce, 26 ;'
from which I conjecture that he was born in 1631. It
contains 26 plates, in a small quarto, so that it seems
as if he had a design, in this his first book, to write
just as many leaves, as he was years old ; but I advance
this only as a conjecture, for in a copy of verses prefixed
to this book by S. H., he mentions The Pen's Experience
(which I have not seen) as Cocker's first work; Art's
Glory, the second ; The Pen's Transcendency, the third ;
and The Pen's Triumph, the fourth.
" In the same year (i. e. 1657), he published his Pen's
Transcendencie, or Fair Writing's Labyrinth. It contains
32 small oblong folio plates, besides his picture at the
beginning; and a large plate at the end, informing
the reader that he then lived in St. Paul's church-
yard, where he kept school, and taught writing and
arithmetic. There is another edition of this book in
1660, which was then augmented, containing 43 leaves,
including letter-press work."
" Anno Dom. 1659, he set forth The Artist's Glory, or
the Penman's Treasury; with directions, theorems, and
principles of art in the letter-press work. It contains 25
2nd S. NO 42., OCT. 18. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
311
plates, and at the end of the book is a Latin anagram by
one Jer. Colier.
" In the year 1661, he published his Penna Volans, or
Young Man's Accomplishment. To which he prefixes this
distich :
'Whereby ingenious youths may soon be made,
For clerkship tit, or management of trade,'
invented, -written, and engraved by himself. It contains
24 plates, besides his picture at the beginning. In each
leaf there arc directions for the principle rules of Arith-
metic.
"Anno Dom. 1664, he published his Guide to Penman-
ship; of -which there is another edition in 1673. It con-
tains 22 oblong folio plates, besides his picture at the^
beginning ; where he is drawn in his own hair, with a*
laced band, and a pen in his hand, and these lines under-
neath :
' Behold rare COCKER'S life, resembling shade,
Whom envy's clouds have more illustrious made;
Whose pen and graver, have display'd his name,
With virtuoso's, in the book of fame.'
This book was printed for John Kuddiard, at the Unicorn
in Cornhill.
"Anno Dom. 1672 he published his Magnum in Parvo,
or The Pen's Perfection ; invented, written, and engraven
by himself. It contains 26 plates in large octavo, and
was engraved upon silver plates ! The book was sold by
John Garret, in Cornhill.
" Anno Dom. he published, The Tutor to Writing
and Arithmetic ; invented, written, and engraven by the
author (but without any date). It contains 16 small
quarto oblong copper-plates, mostly in secretary, and
bastard Italian, but very meanly clone. To which is
added, a tract, containing rules for writing; and a sketch
of arithmetic, but only as far as the rule of three, in 57
leaves of letter- press work. It was printed for John Gar-
ret, in Cornhill.
" Some time before the year 1676. he published his
Compleat Writing Master, containing 23 pages in octavo.
But as I have not been able to see this last- mentioned
book, I can give no further account of it.
" He also published, some time before his death, The
London Writing- Master, or Scholar's Guide, in 15 small
plates, but without a date. On the last leaf there is this
short note in chancery hand, viz. Zealously performed by
E. Cocker, living in Gutter-lane, near Cheapside.
" Besides these works he published :
1. England's Penman, folio.
2. Multum in Parvo, or the Pen's Gallantry, quarto,
price 1*.
3. Youth's Directions, to write without a teacher.
4. Young Lawyer's Writing Master.
5. The Pen's Facility.
6. The Country School Master.
" I cannot ascertain the precise time of Mr. Cocker's
death, nor where he died ; but if I remember right, I
think it was in the year 1677, which if true, was the 46th
of his age.
" The works that we have of this laborious author, that
came from the letter press, are these:
" 1. A book, intituled, Morals, or the Muses Spring-
Garden ; a quarto of 50 pages, containing distichs in an
alphabetical order, for the use of writing schools. It was
printed for Thomas Lacy, in Southwark, stationer. The
impression that I copy this from, is in 1694, but am not
certain that it is the first ; for if so it must have been a
posthumous work.
"2. In the year 167 7, John Hawkins, writing master,
at St. George's church, Southwark, published Cocker's
Vulgar Arithmetic, a small octavo ; a posthumous work,
recommended to the world by John Collens and thirteen
other eminent mathematicians, or writing masters
" Anno Dom. 1695, the aforesaid John Hawkins, pub-
lished Cocker's Decimal Arithmetic, in octavo, to which is
added his artificial arithmetic, shewing the genesis, or
fabric of logarithms, &c
"I have been informed that Mr. Cocker had a large
library of rare MSS. done by many eminent hands; and
printed books in various languages relating to the sciences
he professed ! Some of the most curious were procured
(or purchased) by a nobleman at a great price."
These notes have been incorporated (at least so
I am informed) into W. Massey's Account of the
most celebrated English Penmen, printed some-
where about the middle of the last century.
EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
You have several times alluded to Cocker's
Arithmetic, which after all must be more famous
than rare. I have two copies of it, which I have
lately turned up among some old papers. One is
the twentieth edition, carefully corrected with ad-
ditions, printed in 1700. The other is the forty-
eighth edition, carefully corrected and amended,
printed in 1736. A list of the existing editions of
Cocker, so far as known, might be easily made by
your correspondents.
At the same time with Cocker, I met with
Oughtred's Circle of Proportion, and the Hori-
zontal Instrument, an English translation by Wil-
liam Forster, 1633. To this is appended "an
Apologetical Epistle," by Wil. Oughtred, against
Richard Delamain, but it is unfortunately im-
perfect. The introduction to the book contains
some particulars concerning the invention of the
sliding-rule, &c., by Win. Oughtred.
A third discovery was of a large quantity of
old almanacks, chiefly of the first half of the last
century, but there were two of which I think a
note should be made. One is in old English type,
in black and red, and has the following title :
"Allestree, 1620. A New Almanack, or Annuall Ca-
lender, with a Compendious Prognostication thereunto
appending, serving for this yeare of our Lord, 1620. Being
Bissextile or leap yeare. * Calculated and properly re-
ferred, to the longitude and sublimitie of the Pole
Articke of the famous town of Derby : and may serve
generally, for the most part of Great Britaine.
" Made and written according to lawfull Art, by Ri-
chard Allestree. Practicioner in Sidera, Scientia, & <l>iAa-
A.7J01J?. Sine te nihil auxilii, nihil est opis, O Deus Omnipo"
This is followed by the text Deut. xxix. 29 ,
and the words " cum Privilegio," but no name of
place or printer. It contains some curious matter,
but I can only give this :
" Si tibi deficiunt medici, medici tibi fiant,
Ha3C tria, mens laBta, requies, moderata dicta.
" Vse three Physitians skill, first Doctor Quiet,
Next Doctor Meriman, and Doctor Dyet."
These latter lines are not unknown at this day.
The other almanack to which I would refer is,
" Pond, an Almanack for the Year of our Lord God,
312
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd g. No 42., OCT. 18. '56.
1686. Being the second after Bissextile or Leap year,
and from the worlds Creation at the Spring 5689 years
compleat. Amplified with many good things both for
pleasure and profit : and fitted for the Meridian of Saffron
Walden in Essex, where the Pole is elevated 52 degrees
and 6 minutes above the Horizon.
** And may serve indifferently for any other place of
this kingdom. Cambridge, Printed by John Hayes,
Printer to the University, 1686."
Both these last named books are full of MS.
notes, &c. Can any one give any account of the
Richard Allestree above named, or of the " Pond "
who, I suppose, wrote the last named almanack ?
While on this topic, allow me to ask who wrote
the Eclipse Races (addressed to the ladies). By
Philo-Pegasus, a Lover of Truth. London, 1764.
This is a quarto pamphlet of twenty pages only,
the end being lost. Its style is satirical, and it is
full of ridiculous things. B. H. COWPER.
P.S. In a note by me in the present volume,
p. 232. line 12., for " Warden " read " Norden"
from whom the extract is made.
Never having seen the Arithmetic, I am not able
to give an opinion as to whether it was the work
of Edward Cocker or not. But I possess a copy
of his Dictionary (Third edition, 1724), and al-
though it confesses to be " much enlarged and
altered by John Hawkins," yet from internal
evidence I am satisfied that it is, in the main, a
genuine production of the author whose name it
bears.
In the first place, it seems to be an original
composition. I can trace no plagiarism from
Phillips's World of Words, or other old dictionary.
And it seems to me very probable that if Haw-
kins was trading upon Cocker's fame he would
not have scrupled to avail himself of the labours
of others.
It also contains marks of being a posthumous
publication of a MS. left incomplete, not having
received the author's final corrections. The words
do not follow in strict alphabetical order. On
the previous hypothesis this is not unlikely to have
been the case, but surely a living author would
have corrected such errors as the work passed
through the press.
Lastly, there are many indications of the author
having enlarged upon his plan as he proceeded :
for instance, Cardiganshire and Cornwall, and all
the counties beginning with the earlier letters of
the alphabet, are dismissed in two or three lines,
more lengthened descriptions of those counties
being found under the articles Shanbedern-Daur,
Leskerd, &c. (which it would have been easy for
an author, conscious of his change of plan, to have
placed under their proper heads while his work
was printing), while Norfolk, Suffolk, &c., among
later in the alphabet, are treated at full length
under those heads.
For these reasons among others, I conclude that
Cocker's English Dictionary is the work of Ed-
ward Cocker : d fortiori, it would appear that the
Arithmetic is his also. Hawkins might have been
induced by the success of the Arithmetic to luive
forged the Dictionary ; but it is hardly probable
that he followed up the publication of a forged
arithmetic with a genuine dictionary.
Cocker's birthplace seems unknown. Does the
following passage, occurring under the article
" Norfolk," show that he belonged to that county ?
" If the Scotch Men laugh at our wing of a rabbit,
we may smile at their shoulder of a capon." At
any rate, judging from his English Dictionary, in
any future " Worthies of Norfolk," he will not be
found among the literati. E. G. K.
(2nd S. ii. 130. 197.)
In fulfilment of my promise I send the names
of the authors of these poems contained in the
second volume, as they are assigned in the one
now in my possession. The number of poems in
this volume is 166. I have numbered them in
the margin of my book, and I have, as below,
placed these numbers against the names of the
respective authors. I have no doubt that the
testimony of Mr. Sissmore, the late possessor of
this volume, is to be relied on. He must have
been a contemporary of many of the authors, and
probably personally acquainted with some of them.
I abstain from any remarks on the authors, as I
have nothing trustworthy to communicate on this
point; and I would venture to express a wish
that some one may be found willing to tell us
something of men whose youthful efforts gave
such promise of future eminence.
Marhham. 1. 3. 6. 12. 24. 31, 32, 33, 34. 37. 46, 47. 76. 85.
87. 90, 91, 92, 93. 97. 113. 141. 166.
Keith. 2. 4, 5. 9, 10. 35. 39. 50. 64. 67. 69. 71. 73, 74, 75.
Impeij. 7. 11. 16. 21. 105, 106. 129. Four lines of 129., be-
ginning with "Gaudet" and ending with "aquilas,"
are ascribed to Markham.
Wilcox. 8. 29. 80, 81, 82, 83. 87. 100, 101, 102, 103. 111.
133. 136. 142. 155. 158.
Harley. 13. 30. 35. 107.
Lord Stormont. 14. 17, 18. 109, 110. 112, 117, 118. 138.
Bedingfield. 15. 79. 94, 95. 99.
Thonms. 19, 20. 41. 140.
Roberts. 26. 52.
Hay. 27.
Nash. 28. 54.
Tubb. 38. 49. 53. 84. 125. 142.
Gilpin. 43. 152.
Slade. 44, 45. 123. 130.
Sharpe. 48. 77. 114.
Crotchlty. 51. 59. 62. 119. 137.
DowdesweU. 57. 161.
Friend. 58.
Shields. 96.
Bruce. 98.
2nd s. NO 42., OCT. 18. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
313
Thornton. 104. 108. 116. 135.
Gould. 115.
Kendall. 120. 122. 134.
Whitfield. 124.
Sealey. 151. 165.
Selwin. 157. 164.
Crachrode. 159. 162, 163.
Thirty- seven of the poems are not assigned to
any author : 121 is ascribed to Stormont or Mark-
hain. It may be taken as a proof that Mr. Siss-
more had the opportunity of obtaining accurate
information, that he was able, where a poem was a
joint production, to assign each part to its author.
Moreover, he has written at the end of the last
poem in the volume (one of Markham's), with
reference to the last couplet :
" Olim in Manuscripto.
" Oceani ad fines, atque uda cubilia solis,
Insula Dircaea stat celebrata lyra."
W. H. GUNNEK.
Winchester.
MUEDISTON V. MILLAR. *
(2nd S. ii. 30.)
At the time when the question was asked, " Is
this trial published, and where can it be obtained?"
I had not the book at hand in which it is reported,
viz. Maclaurin's Criminal Cases in Scotland, pub-
lished in 1774 ; where this case will be found on
p. 557.
The trial took place in January 1773 ; upon an
indictment at the instance of " His Majesty's Ad-
vocate against Alexander Murdison, tenant in
Orrniston, and John Millar his shepherd," on
charges of sheep-stealing, or receiving sheep
knowing them to be stolen. The report, of the
case occupies no less than thirty- seven quarto
pages. These, though I knew their contents
generally before, I have now read over again.
The report does not contain a word on the "in-
stinct of sheep," nor does it make any mention
of a dog. It consists of arguments upon various
legal points arising in the course of the trial, and
particularly on the verdict, — Whether, being
signed on a Sunday, it was not therefore invalid ?
Whether, finding only some of the articles charged
in the indictment, and saying nothing of other
charges, did not invalidate it ? And, lastly, whe-
ther an appeal from the High Court of Justiciary
to the House of Lords was competent or not ?
" The Court adjudged the pannels to be hanged."
N.B. In Scotland, the persons tried are called
the pannels.
The prisoners offered a petition of appeal to the
House of Lords ; which was, on March 10, 1773,
This should be " Murdison and Millar."
remitted to a committee ; upon whose report the
petition was rejected. The report concludes :
" N.B. Murdison and Millar were executed in terms of
the Sentence of the Court of Justiciary."
The report contains none of the evidence.
Maclaurin, in his Preface, says :
" It is irksome to search the record of the Court of
Justiciary, the only source from which a knowledge of
this (criminal) law can be derived."
It is also there only that the evidence given on
this trial can be found.
The statement in BlacJtivood's Magazine (vol. ii.
p. 83.) gives, no doubt, a tolerably correct account
of the transaction. It was undoubtedly written
by Sir Walter Scott, who long resided in the near
neighbourhood of the farm of Ormiston. In his
note to chap. xii. of the second volume of St.
Ronan's Well, he gives a further account of the
sagacity of the dog (but none of a sheep) ; and ho
also re-states the story of the sagacity of another
dog, also mentioned in Slackwood, and begins it
by saying : " Another instance of similar sagacity
a friend of mine discovered in a beautiful spa-
niel," &c.
I cannot at this moment lay my hand upon vol. i.
of Chambers' s Miscellany, as referred to by the
Querist; but I have no doubt that the article
contained in it is a transcript either from the
Magazine, or the novel, or a compound of both.
J. S. s.
COACH MISERIES.
(2nd S. ii. 126.)
I am one of those who well remember the
journeys to and from home in our schoolboy days,
when a week or more was deducted from the
holidays for the time necessarily passed in travel-
ling, to say nothing of the gradual diminution of
pocket-money in the latter instance. There are,
doubtless, many others who equally well recollect
Collier's and Rogers' s long coaches from South-
ampton to London, each pursuing a separate route
from Winchester, in one or other of which I spent
my first day when "homeward bound." Then
came the adventurous expedition to York by
"Nelson" or "Highflyer," occupying two days
and the intervening night. On the fourth I reached
the domestic hearth, but only when the season
was that of summer. Never shall I forget the
delays and circumbendibuses of a winter's journey
in a deep snow, such as to my belief and experi-
ence was more frequent and tremendous in earlier
than in more recent years : never, too, shall I
forget, when very young, and easily alarmed by
stories of hobgoblins and highwaymen, what hor-
rible tales of murder and robbery were inflicted
by coachey and guard on my shuddering ears,
when we came in sight on some desolate moor of
314
NOTES AND QUEEIES.
[2nd s. N« 42., OCT. 18. '56.
the remains of some desperate villain hanging in
chains. But, without further preface or remark,
let me proceed to mention two coach miseries not
included in your catalogue, respecting which I
can say with truth experto crede.
20. Arriving at daybreak, more than half
famished, after an excessively cold winter night's
ride on the box, with fingers too benumbed to
assist you in partaking of the solids at the break-
fast table, and receiving the summons of — " Now,
gentlemen! coach is waiting!" just as the pro-
spect of returning circulation gives you the hope
of getting a meal.
21. Prepared against the "pelting of the piti-
less storm," with wraps and waterproofs, cape,
apron, &c., to find that, from a point of your
female neighbour's umbrella, which continually
tickles your ear, and threatens to upset your hat,
a regular stream is conducted down your neck,
common politeness forbidding you to remonstrate.
N. L. T.
SARACENS.
(2nd S. ii. 229. 298.)
ABHBA 'wishes to know the derivation of this
word. By Rabbinical writers they are called Sar-
cin, and in Chaldee, Sarca'in, which is understood
to denote persons given to rapine and plunder.
In Gen. xxxvii. 25., for " and behold a company
of Ishmeelites," the Jeruscalem Targuin has Sara-
cain, i. e. Saracens. In the same place the Tar-
gum of Onkelos has Arabs. It appears therefore
that Ishmeelites, Arabs, and Saracens, were ac-
counted synonymous terms. Gen. xxxix. 1. ex-
hibits the same use of the words. That the
wandering predatory tribes of Arabs are meant
appears from a passage in which something is
compared to the tents of the Saracens which are
moved about from place to place. The use of
this word in reference to the Arabs was much
earlier than the rise of Mohammedanism, as it
would not be difficult to show by references to
ancient writers. There are several derivations of
the word proposed, one of which is thus expressed :
" Dicti autem fuerunt Saraceni a Sara legitima
Abrahami uxore ; " but this is too fanciful to be
admitted. A second view would trace it to the
root p"E> and make it signify Orientals ; but the
opinion of Scaliger is far preferable. He derives
it from the Arab, sarac, " to plunder." See Matt,
vi. 20., where the Arabic words occur. There
can be little doubt, as Scaliger says, that this
word, like Cossack, denoted the predatory hordes,
whose chief occupation was violence and rapine.
There is still another circumstance connected with
this name, and it is that a region of Arabia was
called Saraca, and its inhabitants Saracens. But did
the country take its name from the people, or the
people from the country ? Judging from analogy,
the former would be the case, and the derivation
from sarac, "to plunder," hold good. Jerome
says the Hagarenes and Saracens are the same,
and he says they have falsely taken to themselves
the name of Sara ; in the first he is right, but cer-
tainly not in the second of these observations. I
may add that, according to Ammianus Marcellinus,
the name of Saracens was more recent than that
of Scenites, or dwellers in tents. See Bochart,
Phaleg. lib. ii. cap. 2., for interesting particulars
upon the subject. See Gibbon, ch. 1., Bohn, vol.
v. p. 446. note. Simson, Chron. Cath. sub an.
2093. A. M. B. H. C.
Addison and his Hymns (2nd S. ii. 49.) — Had
MR. PENSTONE referred to the General Index of
" N. & Q.," he would have found that ^some of
your correspondents have not been unmindful of
Addison's fame, and of his well-founded claim to
the authorship of the hymns in The Spectator.
Without intending to disparage his poetical ta-
lents, we may safely maintain that Andrew
Marvel had no better right to these beautiful com-
positions than either Tom D'Urfey or Settle. We
may not be surprised, ere long, to see doubts ex-
pressed whether De Foe was the author of Robin-
son Crusoe, and Johnson of Rasselas. J. H. M.
Who wrote the Letter to Lord Montengle (2nd S.
ii. 248.) — The allusion to the Gunpowder Trea-
son, in the epitaph on Lady Selby, in the church
at Ightham, copied by MAGDALEN sis, has no re-
ference to her having written the letter to Lord
Mont eagle, nor did I ever hear of any tradition of
her having done so. The six lines after " She
was a Dorcas " allude to the hangings of three
rooms in the mansion house at Ightham called the
Moat, which were worked by Lady Selby : one
representing Adam and Eve in Paradise, another
the Story of Jonah, and the third the Apprehen-
sion of Guy Fawkes. C. DE D.
Hops, a wicked Weed (2nd S. ii. 243. 276.) —
The earliest book mentioning hops with which I
am acquainted is the Promptorium Part-nlorum, the
learned editor of which mentions MSS. of the
date 1498, though probably the book is older.
The references to it are :
"Hoppe, sede for beyre, Hummulus, secundum ex-
traneos."
"Bere, a drynke. Hummulina, vel hummuli potus,
aut ccrvisia hummulina."
In the notes it is stated that " bere " differed
from ale in being hopped. I have no doubt that
the plant is indigenous in England, and very little
doubt that, in common with alehoof, or ground-
ivy, it has been used from very ancient times for
a bitter condiment to beer ; though perhaps its
s. N° 42., OCT. 18. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
315
cultivation for the purpose may be of more recent
date, at which time a foreign name may have su-
perseded its vernacular one. In Swedish and
Danish it is still called humle. Kilian has Hom-
mel. vet. fland. i hoppe, lupus salictarius. Hoppe,
be derives " ab happen quod saliat, sive ascendat
arbores," but whence humulus and lupulus ?
I am inclined to think that the plant in earlier
times bore a different English name, from the fact
that in South Burlingham, Norfolk, is a field
called " Humbletoft Six Acres." Also a hundred
in Norfolk is called " Humbleyard," and is said
to take its name from a wood in the parish of
Swardestone, where the hundred court was for-
merly held, called Humbleyard Wood. These
names in Danish would mean hop-toft and hop-
garden respectively. It is not a little singular
that about twenty years ago an unsuccessful at-
tempt to reintroduce into Norfolk the cultivation
of hops was made in Humbleyard hundred.
E. G. R.
I think L. B. L. is wrong when he concludes
that " hope tymbre " refers to hop poles. More
probably it refers to the underwood which had
attained sufficient size for making hoops.
G. W. J.
Peter Newly (2nd S. ii. 289.) — Mr. Newby,
about whom R. J. inquires, long resided at
Preston (Lancashire), where he for a short time
carried on, without success, the business of a
printer. He was a native of Kendal, was edu-
cated at Douay for the Roman Catholic priest-
hood, but was never ordained. He was next
steward on board an African trader, but on his
return to England he was for some time a school-
master, then a printer. He was an eccentric
character. He died at Preston in December,
1827, at the advanced age of eighty-two years.
The following epitaph, which he wrote for him-
self, humorously tells of his chequered career.
" Here lies Peter Newby, a stranger to fame,
Obscure was his life, less known was his name.
A sailor, a farmer, a poet, a teacher, —
His friends would gladly have made him a preacher ;
Foreseeing the burden, he fled from the snare,
Convinced of himself 'twas enough to take care.
He thro' the rough ocean of life steer'd his course,
In hopes to be better, but mostly was worse.
But his troubles are o'er, he's laid in the dust,
And at the last day, may he rise with the just ! "
WM. DOBSON.
Preston.
Rings End, Dublin (2nd S. ii. 149.) —The ex-
planation of this apparent bull, ring's end, is very
simple. Previous to the formation of that portion
of Dublin which is now called " Sir John Roper-
son's Quay," there were great piles of wood driven
into the sand, and to each of these piles were at-
tached large iron rings, for the convenience of the
shipping moored there. The outermost of those
piles having a ring was called ring's end, that is,
the end, or last of the rings ; and hence the name
given to the place at the end of Sir John Roger-
son's Quay. Sir John Rogerson, the maker of
the quay, was at one time Lord Mayor of Dublin,
and my information as to the derivation of the
name Ring's End was received from old Jemmy
Walsh, a Dublin pilot, who remembered seeing
the ships moored, and their ropes run through the
rings of the wooden piles on the river.
I am in a position to give information as to the
origin of the names of other places in Dublin, as,
for instance, the "Ouzel Galley," the "Pigeon
House," &c., should any readers of " N. & Q." take
an interest in our local antiquities. P. B.
Dawson Street, Dublin.
" To cry mapsticJts " (2nd S. ii. 269.) — Map is
synonymous with mop. In Tempest's Cryes of
the Citij of London, Drawn after the Life, fol.,
1711, is depicted a damsel with a bundle of com-
mon domestic mops, sticks and all, on her head,
with her cry in English, French, and Italian :
" Maids, buy a mapp !
Achetez de mes mappes !
Mappi per lauar' terrazzi ! "
" Neverout's " meaning, I think, is, better cry
mopsticks than incur the fate of Mumchance, at
the commencement of the quotation.
E. S. TAYLOR.
Dodsley's " Collection of Poems'" (2nd S. i. 151.
237.; ii. 274.)— I possess the edition of 1753;
with it I purchased an additional volume entitled :
" A Collection of the Most Esteemed Pieces of Poetry
that have appeared for several Years, with Variety of
Originals, by the late Moses Mendez, Esq., and other
Contributors to Dodsley's Collection. To which this is
intended as a Supplement. London : printed for
Richardson and Urquhart, under the Royal Exchange,
MDCCLXVII."
The title-page has a very pretty vignette, de-
signed by H. Gravelot, and engraved by Isaac
Taylor. It represents Apollo, very gracefully
drawn, playing his lute by a stone, on which is
sculptured a medallion portrait, of whom I know
not. In the distance are two sages, evidently ad-
miring Apollo's strains.
The volume contains Collins1 Oriental Eclogues,
Ode to Fear and the Passions ; Goldsmith's Ed-
win and Angelina', and upwards of eighty pieces
by Lloyd, Mallet, Whitehead, Garrick, Bonnel
Thornton, Glover, Woty, Johnson, Akenside,
Moore, Langhorne, Mason, Cunningham, and
many others.
My copy contains, in the fly-leaves, two MS.
poems ; written in the neatest of law-hands of
about that date. One is called "The Quaker's
Meeting," by Mr. John Ellis ; the other is "Epistle
from M. Mendez, Esq., to Mr. J. Ellis." It con-
tains eight stanzas in praise of the well-known
316
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
[2»« S. NO 42., OCT. 18. '56.
tavern, the " Cock" in Threadneedle Street. The
opening lines are :
" When to Ellis I write I In verse must indite,
Come Phoebus, and give me a knock :
For on Fryday at eight, all behind the ' Change Gate,'
Master Ellis will be at the « Cock.' "
After comparing it to other houses, the "Pope's
Head," the " King s Arms," the " Black Swan,"
and the "Fountain," and declaring the "Cock"
the best, it ends :
" Tis time to be gone, for the 'Change has struck one :
O 'tis an impertinent Clock 1
For with Ellis I'd stay from December to May :
I'll stick to my Friend, and the ' Cock.'
«M. M."
Who was Ellis ? W. C.
[John Ellis was an eccentric character, and a miscel-
laneous Avriter of some reputation in the last century. He
died on Dec. 31, 1791. An account of him was written
by Mr. Isaac Reed, for the European Magazine, 1792,
and copied into Ch'almers's Biographical Dictionary. ,]
The Great Comet of 1680 (2nd S. ii. 269.) —
This comet appeared first, of all observers of
modern times, to Godfrey Kirch, at Coburg, in
Saxony, on November 14, 1680, in the constella-
tion Leo. It was also observed in different parts
of Europe and America in the same month. The
perihelion passage occurred on December 18.
After being obscured by the sun's rays, it re-ap-
peared, and was visible for months after ISTewton
saw it on March 19, 1681. Time of re-appearance
is uncertain in the extreme. Encke gives a period
of 8800 years. Newton and Flamsteed's observa-
tions give 3164 years. Mr. Hind*, however, re-
marks that the observations collected by Encke
are reconcileable with an elliptical orbit of 805
years, or by a hyperbolic orbit. It has been
proved that this comet is not identical with those of
1106, 531, and B.C. 43. C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY.
Birmingham.
Whistle Tankards (2nd S. ii. 247.) —The mayor
of Hull's tankard illustrates an ancient custom
now well nigh forgotten, but which I believe was
common in this country ; for I have seen amongst
the peasantry of Dorset earthenware cups or
bowls that had descended to them from their an-
cestors, of a similar character to the vessels above-
mentioned of more costly material. I possess two
such cups ; and two or three others are preserved
in private collections, within my knowledge, as
curious relics. They are said to have been used
at christenings, and on other festive meetings, for
toast and ale. These cups are capable of holding
five or six pints, and those which I have seen are
of the same shape, which is not inelegant ; having
a cover, raised on a short stem, and quaintly or-
namented with designs of flowers or true-lovers' -
* The Comets, by J. Russell Hind, 1852.
knots : also round, under the rim, a poetical dis-
tich conveying some such social and convivial
sentiment as the following, in characters as rude
as the orthography :
" Mery met and mery part,
I drink to thee with all my hart,"
and generally having a date, some year in the early
part of the eighteenth century. They have four
handles each ; and on one side, the characteristic
whistle projecting a little above the rim. On in-
quiring into the meaning of this peculiar appen-
dage, I have been told, " Why to whistle for more
drink when the cup was empty."
Does not the sailor "whistle for the wind"
when he wants his sails filled ? W. S.
Hastings.
Knowledge of European History among Bar-
barous Nations (2nd S. ii. 146.) — In Ferrier's
Caravan Journeys, p. 183. (Murray, 1856), the
author, a French officer, says :
" The great deeds of Napoleon have penetrated even
into central Asia, though, it is true, somewhat exagger-
ated. The Afghans look upon him as a kind of demigod :
but as they confound one European country with another,
and speak of their inhabitants under one name, that is,
Ferinyhees, the confusion is great. For instance, they
think Napoleon reigned over the English, who are almost
the only Europeans with whom they have had any inter-
course, and I had great difficulty in making the Afghan
chiefs comprehend the truth on this point."
Emma Hamilton and Dr. Graham (2nd S. ii.278.)
— Emma Harte accompanied Sir William Hamil-
ton to Naples in 1789. Two years afterwards they
visited England, and were married at St. George's,
Hanover Square. The lady could not have been
the assistant of Dr. Graham subsequent to the
first of the above dates. Graham commenced his
exhibition in London in 1782. Emma Harte was
then eighteen years of age. Before hard poverty
compelled her to join the quack, she had been
nursery-maid in Dr. Budd's family, lady's maid,
and mistress successively to Captain Willet Payne
and Sir Harry Featherstonehaugh. The ruin
which followed this last connection drove her to
Graham ; but it could only have been for a very
short period, as between that period and her ac-
quaintance with Sir William, she sat as " model "
to Romney and other painters, and was sufficiently
long under the "protection" of Mr. Charles
Greville, nephew of Sir William, to become the
mother of three children. Graham did not com-
mence his earth-bath until after he had exhausted
his two-guinea, guinea, crown, half-crown, and
ultimately, shilling visitors to his music, miracu-
lous bed, and the sanitary lectures which he illus-
trated by the dazzling presence of his " Goddess
of Health," a character which Emma sustained for
a short period, and in which she addressed the
audience. It must have been another goddess
2nd s. N° 42., OCT. 18. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
317
who took the earth-baths with the clever charla-
tan. Whatever the errors of Emma Hamilton
may have been, let us not forget that without her
aid, as Nelson said, the Nile would never have
been fought ; and that in spite of her sacrifice and
services, England left her to starve, because the
fovernment was too virtuous to acknowledge the
enefits rendered to her country by a lady with
too loose a zone. Such pious delicacy had never
been displayed since the days of Phryne, who
offered, at her sole cost, to rebuild the walls of
Thebes, destroyed by Alexander, if she might be
permitted to inscribe on them, " Alexander diruit,
scd meretrix Phryne refecit." The authorities were
scandalised at the idea of owing safety to the mis-
tress of Praxiteles, and refused the offer. We
accepted the services of our Phryne, and then left
her to die of hunger. J. DORAN.
The Old Hundredth, ly whom composed (2nd S.
i. 494. ; ii. 34.) — H. J. G-. in his note on this
subject, after remarking that the mistake of as-
cribing the Old Hundredth to Luther has arisen
from the circumstance that one of Luther's tunes
commences with the same phrase, says, " whoever
might have composed the Old Hundredth, it is
manifest he made it from this tune of Luther's : "
and your correspondent seems to think that a
comparison of the two tunes will prove the ac-
curacy of his conjecture. This is rather hard
measure to the composer of the Old Hundredth,
whoever he might have been ; nothing less than a
charge of wholesale piracy. I have examined
Luther's tune in Bach's Choralgesange, the book
referred to, and with the exception of the first
passage, which is note for note the same in both
tunes, I cannot discover any resemblance between
them. I therefore regard H. J. G.'s opinion as an
" ad quod vult " conclusion, arising out of the
exceeding dislike he afterwards confesses he has
for the Old Hundredth, which I still venture to
consider a fine composition.
There are other tunes which have the same
opening passage ; see the old editions of Sternhold
and ^Hopkins, with notes, Psalms iii. and Ixviii.,
and in the latter the identity extends to the second
sage also. Horsley has arranged this tune
. Ixviii.) for modern use : see his Psalms,
To. 81. p. 74. J. W.PHILLIPS.
Haverfordwest.
The Eight Man in the Eight Place (2nd S. i.
294. 310. 401.) — Your correspondent BOLTON
CORNET aptly remarks that this proverb embodies
no novel idea. True, yet the form of expression,
redundant though it be, has in this saying both
imparted novelty and secured currency. It cer-
tainly contains some of the essential marks of the
proverb. Albeit, it errs in excess. But that very
excess imparts an intensity which I conceive to
be the very salt of the matter. Hence the ready
adoption and recognition of this adage. Strip
from such world-wide sayings that popular mint-
mark which secures them acceptance and circula-
tion and they are nought, and may be dropped
unheeded by the way-side. The form is truly
wanting in the passages given by BOLTON CORNET
and W. D. The following extract, I am inclined
to think, is nearer the mark : •
" You will generally see in human life the round man.
and the angular man planted in the wrong hole ; but the
Bishop of being a round man has fallen into a tri-
angular hole, and is far better off than many triangular
men who have fallen into round holes." — Memoirs of the
Rev. Sydney Smith, by Lady Holland, ed. 4. p. 308.
The contemporary congener, " red-tapeism," has
probably been gathered from the same source.
Sydney says, speaking of Sir J. Mackintosh :
"What a man that would be had he a particle of gall
or the least knowledge of the value of red tape! As
Curran said of Grattan, ' he woiild have governed the
world.'" — Ibid., p. 245.
F. S.
Churchdown.
CobbetCs Tomb (1st S. xi. p. 298.) —Extreme
accuracy is indispensable to " N. & Q." A peri-
odical destined to furnish data to future anti-
quaries should be scrupulously correct on all
rints, however insignificant. Feeling this, may
be allowed to state, that the " plain stone,"
which originally covered the remains of William
Cobbett, has been replaced by a handsome tomb,
erected by his son. tit. VIRTUE WTNEN.
Hackney.
Encaustic Tiles, how to copy (2nd S. ii. 270.) —
Wash the whole design over with an even tint of
gallstone, and use the Indian red opaquely ov^r it,
for the pattern. Gallstone does not " wash up "
in working like gamboge, and is nearer the tint
of old tiles. H. OWEN.
If WILFRED will reverse his process, and first
colour the whole tile yellow, and when that is
quite dry fill in the red parts, he will find the
latter colour will not run at all. I find Venetian
red and Indian yellow the best colours to use.
NORRIS DECK.
Cambridge.
Acatry (2nd S. ii. 270.) — I well remember
many years ago seeing some Irish leases, in which
there was reserved to the lessor so much rent, and
it might be, so many fowls, eggs, or other agri-
cultural produce, by way of accates. Might not
the acatry be the place in which these accates were
stowed, or an account of them kept. In former
times, money being scarce, landlords were obliged
to receive much rent in kind, and as they resided
on their estates, it was not a matter of inconve-
nience to them to do so ; and even kings might
318
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd s. NO 42., OCT. 18. '5C.
receive such rents, and have an officer as a check
upon them. Old Bailey, in his Dictionary, gives
the same definition of acatery as the Technological.
Perhaps some of your Irish readers can supply
modern instances of accates being reserved in
leases, although such things must now soon be ob-
solete. W. C.
Richmond.
Proportion of Males and Females (2nd S. ii.
268.) — It appears that the Mormons use sta-
tistics with but little success. Their harems need
to be supported by stronger props. Hear on the
point in question a high scientific authority :
" Notwithstanding that in any ordinary population
there is a decided preponderance in the number of fe-
males, the number of male births is considerably greater
than that of females. Taking the average of the whole of
Europe, the proportion is about 106 males to 100 females."
— Carpenter's Human Physiology, § 1017, p. 1054., ed. 4.
1853.
The tables employed by Dr. Carpenter are those
of M. Hofacker in Germany, Annales a" Hygiene,
Oct. 1829 ; and of Mr. Sadler in Britain, Law of
Population, vol. ii. p. 343.
Of course the number of males becomes con-
siderably lessened from the deleterious influences,
and abuses, and greater risks to which men are
subject; from the peril of the seas, warfare,
working in mines and manufactories, with similar
employments that tend to curtail life.
Be it, however, that the proportion of the sexes
is thus somewhat unequalised, still the disparity
cannot favour Mormon license ; much less will it
justify the following scale of indulgence.
A most trustworthy witness, Lieut. Gunnison,
informs us that when he was in Utah, the three
members of the Presidency had no less than
eighty-two wives between them, and that one of
the three " was called an old bachelor, because he
had only a baker's dozen." (Hist, of the Mormons,
by Lieut. Gunnison, p. 120. Philadelphia, 1852.)
F.S.
Churchdown.
In answer to A. A. D.'s Query, I send you the
following extracts from the Sixteenth Annual He-
port of the Registrar General :
" 313,756 boys and 298,635 girls were born [in Eng-
land] in the year [1853] ; the proportion of the numbers
was 1'051 to I'OOO^ or nearly 105 to 100 = 21 boys to 20
girls."
The proportion varies, however :
" In all England the proportion of boys has increased
since 1850, from 104-2 to 105'1."
I have before me the returns of the number of
births in England, from 1838 to 1853. Although
the proportion fluctuates, the boys are always in
excess over the girls. So Apostle Pratt is wrong
as regards one country of Europe.
LIMUS LUTUM.
Parish Registers (2nd S. ii. 66. 151.) — The ex-
treme importance of this subject, I trust will ex-
cuse me for making some suggestions and queries
about it.
In the first place, it is well known that registers
of baptisms, burials, and marriages were ordered
to be kept by Cromwell, the Vicar-general in
1536. At what date were copies ordered to be
transmitted to bishops' or archdeacons' registry ?
I find, in several register books in the diocese
of Norwich, entries like the following :
" Copy exhibited at Archdeacon's Visitation up to this
date."
" Copy exhibited at Bishop's Visitation up to this date."
At the present time the custom is to send them
to the bishop's registrar in January or February.
I think this is ordered by the act of 1813.
Did the archdeacon's registrar, in former days,
hand them over to the bishop's registrar ? or are
they now kept distinct ?
In the Norwich diocese, the bishop holds a visi-
tation only once in seven years ; in other dioceses
rarely more than triennially.
In one of the population returns, I think for
the census of 1831, are returns of what register-
books were then in existence in each parish. I
have reason to think this somewhat incorrect.
At present, most archdeacons, in their an-
nual visitation queries to the churchwardens, ask
if a faithful register is kept of baptisms, burials,
and marriages, and whether an iron chest is pro-
vided for their safe custody. I would humbly
suggest, that every archdeacon, when he makes
his personal inspection of each church, or the
rural deans, in those dioceses which have them,
should furnish themselves with the census return
which contains the list of register-books (which I
before stated I believe to be that of 1831), and
satisfy themselves by personal examination that
they are properly preserved. I think this would
be a sufficient guarantee for their safe custody.
But I think, too, that copies should be taken, to
avoid the risk of the originals perishing by fire or
otherwise. E. G. K.
It appears to me, that by far the simplest plan
for having these valuable documents preserved,
would be to have the whole of them at once made
over to the Registrar- General ; when those found
wanting (and I fear they would be very nume-
rous) could, in great measure, be supplied by the
copies supposed to be preserved in the various
Diocesan registries. When, in care of the Regis-
trar-general, further decay or destruction would
be prevented, and in such an excellently ma-
naged department, arrangements would doubtless
soon be made to have the older and more illegible
books carefully copied, and the whole placed in
such a manner that reference could be made with
ease and certainty.
2nd s. N° 42., OCT. 18. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
319
The statement that appeared in the daily papers
a few days since, of the robbery of the register
books from a church at the West end, will further
tend to prove that, under the present arrange-
ment, these important documents, even when best
taken care of, have not that security they deserve.
My proposal would but very slightly interfere
with existing interests, and the expense would be
very trifling. New books must of course be sup-
plied to every church, before the old ones are
taken away.
If no one can propose a better plan than mine,
I trust we shall see the matter brought before
Parliament ere very long : and that we may have
to thank the open pages of "N. & Q." for having
an Act passed of such national importance.
W. (Bombay).
London.
Continuation of " Candida" (2nd S. ii. 229.) —
The following extract from the Preface to the
edition of Voltaire's Works, published at Paris
1829, by Lefevre, and edited by M. Beuchot, will
perhaps supply your correspondent with the in-
formation he requires : —
" C'est a. Thorel de Campigneulles, mort en 1809, qu'on
attribue une Seconde partie de Candide, publie'e en 1761,
et plusieurs fois reimprimee & la suite de 1'ouvrage de
Voltaire, comme e'tant de lui. On 1'a meme admise dans
une e'dition intitule'e, 'Collection complete des CEuvres
de M. de Voltaire, 1764, in 12.' L'edition de Candide,
1778, avec des figures dessinees et gravees par Daniel
Chodowicky, contient les deux parties."
J. MlDDLEMORE.
Griffin's Hill, Northfield.
St. Peter, with a dosed Book {2nd ^S. ii. 268.) —
A book is not considered a distinguishing emblem
in the hand of a saint, except in a few instances
where it is manifestly significant. It is usually
given to apostles and bishops, as t6 preachers of
the word ; also to abbesses and nuns as devoted
to holy meditation on sacred truths. I am aware
of only one instance where St. Peter carries a
book, which is on the rood-screen in the church
at Trunch, in Norfolk. In this case he holds
an open book with these words written upon it :
Credo in Deum Patrem Omnipotentem. St. Paul,
on the same screen, bears, as usual, a sword and
book clasped. F. C. H.
Royal Privileges at Universities (2nd S. ii. 270.)
— If persons, who can prove a descent from our
kings in the female line, can claim either a univer-
sity degree, or any other privilege, then the so
privileged class is an enormously numerous one.
Any reader of Burke's Royal Families can testify
to this. No old family of gentle blood, able to
run up fifteen or twenty generations, can well
escape some sort of legitimate descent from our
Norman and Plantagenet kings. Many families
can trace half a dozen such. I do not refer to
the comparatively newly rich or lately ennobled,
but to the old landed gentry — the "knightly
families," as heralds call them. A facetious
Lancashire friend once talked of offering a reward
for the discovery of any Radcliffe who really pro-
fessed NOT to be " descended from the Derwent-
water family." To find a gentleman of family who
could not trace, through the many mothers in his
pedigree, some sort of a descent from royalty,
would be even more difficult still. P. P.
Heraldry of the Channel Islands (2nd S. ii. 270.)
— The arms of many of the families in these
islands are not to be found in the Heralds' Col-
lege of England, and the reason is very obvious.
These islands are all that remain to the Crown of
England of the ancient Dutchy of Normandy,
but they form no part of the realm of England.
The English College of Heralds has therefore no
more jurisdiction in the islands than it has in
Scotland or Ireland. Some families, however,
especially such as have settled in England, and
acquired property there, have registered their
arms in the English Heralds' Office.
The early date (the reign of King John) at
which these islands were severed from Normandy
by the loss of that province to the kings of Eng-
land, affords a sufficient reason why the arms of
families in the Channel Islands should not be
found in collections of Norman arms. Neverthe-
less, the arms of De Carteret of Jersey are identical
with those of a Norman knight of that name who
fought in the first crusade ; and the arms of a fa-
mily of the name of De Saumaresq, now extinct,
but formerly residing near the town of Valognes
in Normandy, bear too close a resemblance to the
arms of the Guernsey family of De Sausmarez to
leave a doubt as to the common origin of the two
families.
At present almost the only authority for the
arms borne by Channel Islands families are tra-
dition and a few impressions of seals appended to
ancient documents. EDGAR MAcCuixocH.
Guernsey.
Winchester Epitaphs (2nd S. ii. 195. 280.) — In
reply to the Query of PATONCE, I beg to say,
that the only memorial in brass now existing in
Winchester Cathedral is the one of Lieut.-colonel
Boles. The Cathedral Registers are under the
charge of the Rev. W. N. Hooper, the Precentor,
who would, no doubt, answer any inquiry ad-
dressed to him. I am not able to say whether the
registers go back so far as 1578. W. H. GUNNER.
Alpaca (2nd S. ii. 167.) — HAUGHMOND will find
a very interesting account of the introduction and
manufacture of alpaca wool in Dickens' Household
Words, vol. vi. p. 250. R. H.
Kensington.
320
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd S. NO 42., OCT. 18. '56.
Wake (2nd S. i. 227. 322.) — Fig-pies,
or as" they are there called, " fag-pies," are, or at
least were very receatly, eaten in Lancashire on
a Sunday in Lent, thence known as "Fag-pie
Sunday." I have tasted them in ray childhood ;
but so far as I recollect, they were anything but
nice eating, being of a sickly taste. The compo-
sition was, so far as I recollect, sugar, treacle, and
dried figs. HENRY T. RILEY.
- 'NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.
When noticing the first Part of Mr. Mayor's Cambridge
in the 17th Century, which, as our readers may remember,
contained the two lives of Nicholas Ferrar written by his
brother John, and Dr. John Jebb, we paid a just compli-
ment to the editor for the public spirit with which, avail-
ing himself of his leisure for research and means of access
to rare and manuscript sources of information, he applied
those advantages to illustrate the history of his own
University. We spoke, too, of the sound scholarship and
high feeling which distinguished his editorial labours.
Those remarks might well be repeated with respect to
the Second Part of the work in question, which is now
before us ; and contains the Autobiography of Matthew
Robinson, sometime Fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge,
and Vicar of Burneston, Yorkshire. Every page and note
contains evidence of the honest painstaking spirit in
which the editor has undertaken what is clearly a labour
of love ; and if the men of Cambridge have reason to be
proud of Matthew Robinson, they may point with great
satisfaction to the manner in which his quaint and in-
teresting Memoir has been edited by one who is still
amongst them ; and whose dedication of this volume to a
" Townsman," Mr. C. H. Cooper, who is preparing a Cam-
bridge Athena, shows that he possesses that catholic spirit
which distinguishes every true lover of learning.
Nothing can show more clearly how deep and widely
spread is 'the interest taken by all who have any preten-
sions to a taste for letters in the writings of Shakspeare,
than the innumerable pamphlets which are issued from
the press illustrative of his life or works. Two such are
now before us. One, a very ingenious and well written
essay, entitled Hamlet : an Attempt to ascertain whether the
Queen were an Accessory before the Fact to the Murder of
her First Husband ? In which, after examining the various
points of evidence which go to prove her participation
in the murder, the author urges, with considerable skill
and success, that, " if the innocence of the Queen cannot
be proved, the balance of evidence is in her favour." The
pamphlet well deserves the perusal of every student of
Hamlet. The Second Pamphlet is a much more startling
one. It is a Letter to the Earl of Ellesmere, suggesting
whether the Plays attributed to Shakspeare were not in
reality written by Bacon. The author has overlooked
two points: one, the fact that his theory had been an-
ticipated by an American writer ; the second, one which
certainly tells strongly in favour of his theory, and which
has been on several occasions alluded to in these columns,
namely, the very remarkable circumstance that nowhere
in the writings of Shakspeare is any allusion to Bacon to
be met with ; nor in the writings of the great philoso-
pher is there the slightest reference to his wonderful and
most philosophic contemporary.
It is not the smallest merit "of the Annotated Edition of
the British Poets, that its editor has ventured to throw
new blood into the corpus by introducing into his series
the writings of men whose poetry had not received such
honour at the hands of Bell, Johnson, &c. The last vo-
lume issued belongs, like those containing the Poems of
Oldham and Ben Jonson, to this division of the work. It
is devoted to Early Ballads, Illustrative of History, Tra-
ditions, and Customs; and whether we look at the old
songs themselves, or the literary introductions to them by
Mr. Bell, it would be hard to find a volume richer in
popular poetry or general interest.
BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES
WANTED TO PURCHASE.
IZAAK WALTON'S.*LIFE. ByDr.Zouch. 12mo. Published by S.Prowett,
. Strand. 1823.
BOWLES'S LIFE op KEN-. Vol. I. 8vo. 1830.
*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, carriage free, to be
sent to MESSRS. BKI.I, & DALDY, Publishers of " NOTES AND
QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.
Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct to
the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose iiames aud ad-
dresses are given for that purpose :
BELIQUES OP ANCIENT ENGLISH POETRY. Second Edition. 1707. Vols.
I.&II.
"Wanted by Threlkeld, 9. Downing Terrace, Cambridge.
Folio. Vol.1.
DANIEL'S VOYAGE BOUND GREAT BRITAIN.
ASIATIC JOURNAL POIl THE YEAR 1838.
TURNER'S ENGLAND UNDER HENRY VIII. 8vo. 1828. Vol. I.
KITCHENER ON MARRIAGE.
CHARLES COTTON'S HORACE TRAVESTI.
ELEMENTS OF MORALITY. 3 Vols.
SMITH'S HISTORY OF NEVIS, WEST INDIES. 1745.
Wanted by Thos. Millard, 70. Newgate Street.
THOMAS'S LIFE OF NAPOLEON. Vol. I.
INTRODUCTION TO SPHERICS AND ASTRONOMY.
MURRAY'S CYCLOPAEDIA OP GEOGRAPHY.
NARCISSINEARUM MONOORAPHIA. By Haworth.
STRICKLAND'S QUEENS OF ENGLAND. Vol. XII.
PRATT'S GLEANINGS THROUGH WALES.
Wanted by James Verrell, Bookseller, Bromley, Kent.
THOMS' EARLY PRC
RETROSPECTIVE B.K\
;E ROMANCES. Parts 1. to 4.
IEW. Vol. XIV.
Wanted by C. Francis, 21. Hardinge Street, Islington.
THE PICTORIAL HISTORY op ENGLAND, complete to commencement of
reign of Geo. III. 4 Vols. 8vo.
Wanted by Jno. Thompson, Gillingham, Dorset.
fiaticed ta
J. G. S.. who asks for the. origin of the phrase " to give one, the sack"
is referred to our 1st S. v. 585. ; vi. 19 . 88.
H. T. R. will find his surjfiestion as to the orir/in of the phrase " richly
deserved" considered in our 1st S. v. 3., where MB. JARDINE shows that
it is probably derived from " right iviseltj deserved."
THE GKEAT ANTIDOTE against scarlet .fever alluded to MI Charms and
Conntercharms is Belladonna, so successfully introduced by Hahnemann
and his followers.
"NOTES AND QUERIES" is published at noon on Friday, so that the
Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and
deliver them to their Subscribers on the Saturday.
INDEX TO THE FIRST SERIES. As this is now published, and the im-
prcxxion •/.-• a li'tiit'tnt one, such of our readers as desire copies tvotild do
i/v,V /-/ intimate their wish to their respective booksellers without delay.
Our publishers, MESSRS. BELL & DALDY, will forward copies by post on
receipt of a Post Office Order for Five Shillings.
" NOTES AND QUERIES " is also issued in Monthly Parts, for the con-
r,'nfr,ice of those who may either have a difficulty in procuring the, un-
stamped weekly N-umbers, or prefer receiving it monthly. While parties
resident in the country or abroad, who may be desirous ofrecewinff the
vi'd-l/l Numbers, may have stamped copies forwarded direct from tiie
J'lttiHsher. The subscription for the stamped edition of ' NOTP.S AND
QUERIES " (including a very copious Index) is eleven siiUhnfis and four-
pence for six months, which may be paid by Post Office Order, drawn in
favour of the Publisher, MB. GBOBOB BELL, No. 186. Fleet Street.
2nd s. NO 43., OCT. 25. '56.]
NOTES AND QUEEIES.
321
LONDON, SATURDAY, OCTOBER 25, 1856.
STRAY NOTES ON EDMUND CURLL, HIS LIFE, AND
PUBLICATIONS.
No. 2. — CurWs First Publication*
Scarcely had our introductory paper on Ed-
mund Curll been committed to the press, in which
we confessed our ignorance of the place of his
birth, his parentage, and education, when our at-
tention was directed to the following account of
him, which is to be found in the New and General
Biographical Dictionary (1798), vol. iv. p. 447. :
"Edmund Curll, a bookseller rendered notorious by
Mr. Pope in his Dunciad. He was born in the west of
England, and after passing through several menial capa-
cities arrived at the degree of a bookseller's man. He
afterwards kept a stall, and then took a shop in the
purlieus of Covent Garden. His transactions in the way
of his trade are well known to the publick by the note's
subjoined to that poem; to which.it may be added, that
he was general!}' held to be of an immoral character; and
was highly injurious to the literary world, by filling his
translations with wretched notes, forged letters, and bad
pictures, by which practice he greatly advanced the price
of books. Thomas Burnet's Archceologia is a proof of
this.f He lost his ears for publishing the Nun in her
Smock, and another paltry performance. He died in
1748 [1747]."
From this account we learn that he was born in
the west of England, and that before he arrived at
the dignity of a shopkeeper, "he kept a stall,"
probably in the purlieus of Covent Garden. But
it will be seen from a controversy in which Curll
was engaged as early as the year 1710 — for he
seems to have got into controversy almost as soon
as he got into business — that he had been appren-
ticed to one " Mr. Smith, by Exeter Change." |
This we gather from a curious work entitled
London's Medicinal Informer, 1710, from which
* If any reader of these Notes has the good fortune to
possess a copy of the very worthless tract published by
Curll under the title of The Curliad, a Hypercritic upon
The Dunciad Variorum, a thin octavo published in 1729,
the writer would feel greatly obliged by the loan of it.
If sent to THE EDITOR OF " N. & Q." every care shall be
taken of it, and it shall be safely returned. S. N. M.
f Archaolog'uB Philosophies; or the Ancient Doctrine
concerning the Originals of Things. Faithfully translated
into English, with Remarks thereon, by Mr. Foxton.
Printed for E. Curll in the Strand, 1729. To this work is
prefixed "Ad Populum," an angry Preface, evidently by
Curll, reflecting on Francis Wilkinson, Esq., Burnet's
executor, for having obtained an Injunction in Chancery
to suppress a translation of this work. By-the-bye. who
and what was " Mr. Foxton? "
J Was this Smith a bookseller? We know from Curll's
own statement that Francklin, who succeeded William
Rufus Chetwood —
" Chetwood who leaned against his letter'd post"—
as a bookseller in Russell Street, Covent Garden, had
served his apprenticeship to Curll. A good account of
London booksellers is yet to be written.
we learn that Curll was the publisher of a work
notorious for its quackery, entitled The Charitable
Surgeon, and that he combined with his trade of
bookseller that of vendor of pills and powders for
the afflicted" — a practice, we believe, not un-
common in those days. This is shown by the fol-
lowing advertisement inserted in The Supplement
paper of April 8, 1709 :
" Whereas by an impudent, as well as an ignorant ad-
vertisement in last Tuesday's Review, inserted by J.
Spinke, Mr. John Marten, surgeon, is insinuated to be the
author of The Charitable Surgeon. To do Mr. Marten
that common justice which is due to every man, I do
hereby assure the world, that he is not the author of the
aforesaid book ; neither has he (to my knowledge) any
acquaintance with, or ever saw the author, or I ever saw
Mr. Marten, 'till last Tuesday, in my life. And as for a
scurrilous pamphlet published in Spinke's name, intituled
Quakery Unmask'd, which he calls an Answer to The
Charitable Surgeon ; this is once more to let him know,
that he must expect no other reply, than what he has
had, viz. That no notice will be taken of such an ignorant
pretender. Whether he can read or write is a query ; but
he has given the world a demonstration, that he can't
cast account ; for, he says, the medicines sold at my shop,
come to between 31. and 47. a packet, which the author
advises to be taken 40 days, and will at that rate cost the
patient about 20Z. ; but I am of the opinion, that physick
for 40 days at 10s. per dose amounts to 1207. So much
for his arithmetical learning. And for his grammatical,
though he pretends in his book to understand Greek, I
have five guineas in my pocket, which if John Spinke can
English so many lines out of any school-book, from Sen-
tentia PuerUis to Virgil, he shall be entitl'd to. 'Tis
money easily earned, and will pay the rent of his house
in the dark passage for a year, and buy him ingredients to
make pills and powder for the Venereal Disease, to last
for that time. And for his assistance in this great task,
all the dictionaries in my shop shall stand by him ; and
if he does not perform it some time this week, he must
expect to be enrolled for a scholar.
" E. CURLL.
« Temple Bar, April 7, 1709."
After quoting the advertisement the author of
London's Medicinal Informer thus proceeds :
"Now can any man imagine what should provoke
E. Curll to publish such a ridiculous advertisement, sup-
pose Marten be not (though I really believe he is) the
author of The Charitable Surgeon, unless it be (and then
sure E. Curll would not sell it !) a scandalous book.
What disadvantage is it to Marten to be insinuated to be
its author? But he was not insinuated so to be; he was
only asked, whether he knew its author? ' But a guilty
conscience,' &c. However, E. Curll may, if he pleases,
in another advertisement, promise five guineas more to
the person or persons that shall either prove, that Marten
and he well knew each other before the time he certifies
for ; or that the second edition of that quack pamphlet
was printed at Mr. Berington's near Bloomsbury-square ;
and that when the sheets were sent from the press to
E, Curll to get them revised and corrected by the author,
he sent the same messenger with them to Marten for that
purpose! 'Fools had never less wit than now-a-days.'
Besides, Marten, as Mr. James the printer tells ine,
handed this advertisement to the press, and paid 5s. for
the printing it ; but we've an old saying, ' A fool and his
money,' &c. However, on the next day, being Saturday,
April 9th, I attended this ingenious E. Curll, and in his
322
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd s. NO 43., OCT. 25. '56.
shop Englished the first fivp lines of Virgil's first Eclogue,
made a demand of the saW five guineas, and advised that
E. Curll's next advertisement, for the satisfaction of the
publick, might be a certificate under the hand of Mr.
Smith, by Exeter Change, his master, signifying, that he
served him honestly during the whole of the time fortvhich
he was bound 'prentice to him ; but he has not, as yet, that
I know of, followed my advice."
If the reader were to see the accumulated me-
moranda from which these Notes are compiled, he
would, we think, admit that the writer of them had
good grounds for believing that he had collected
sufficient materials to justify him in committing
such Notes to the press ; yet he will certainly
feel, as the writer himself does, how fragmentary
and unsatisfactory they are, and how difficult it is
to weave them into anything like order.
We have just shown Curll in 1710, publishing
and engaged in controversy. Let us before going
farther show that we were right in supposing that
he commenced his business as a publisher in 1708.
This evidence is contained in a pamphlet en-
titled An Apology for the Writings of Walter
Moyle, Esq., in Answer to the Groundless Asper-
sions of Mr. Hearne of Edmund Hall, Oxon, and
Dr. Woodward of Gresliam College, 8vo., 1727.
Curll had just brought out Anthony Hammond's
edition of The Whole Works of Walter Moyle,
Esq., one vol. 8vo., 1727 ;* and this Apology for
Mr. Moyle is a defence of that gentleman from an
attack made upon him by Hearne in his Johannes
Glastoniemis, 1726. In this pamphlet is a letter
from Curll to Hearne, whom he styles " Legen-
dary Grubber to both Universities " — and in the
course of this letter, speaking of Dodwell, Curll
says (p. 17.) :
" As to Mr. Dodwell, I had above twenty years' inti-
mate correspondence with him, and always believed him
to be a learned and very pious man. But at the same time
all who knew him will allow that Mr. Dryden's character
of a certain Peer in Absalom and Achitophel too much
resembled Mr. Dodwell ; for he truly was, what the poet
asserts :
' Stiff in opinions, mostly in the wrong :
Was every thing by starts, and nothing long.'
The first book I ever printed was the present of a manu-
script he made me, in defence of his now sufficiently
exploded doctrine of the Divine Immortalizing Spirit
transfused by Baptism."
And in a foot-note he gives us the following
description of the work in question :
" AN EXPLICATION of a famous Passage in the Dialogue
of St. Justin Martyr with Tiyphon, concerning the im-
mortality of Human Souls, &c., 8vo., printed in the year
1708. Price 2s. Gd.'-'
This was Curll's first publication. By what
books this was succeeded, it is now impossible to
* In 1726, The Works of Walter Moyle, Esq., 2 vols.
8vo., were edited by Thomas Sergeant. The volume
published by Curll is by Anthony Hammond. Lowndes
•was not aware of this fact,
ascertain with any certainty ; for the records of
the Stationers' Company, which have been searched
for the purpose, only show the following entries
made by him.*
Sept. 13, 1710. Edmund Curll then entered for his
copy, a book entitled, " Some Account of the Family of
Sacheverell, from its original to this time."
Dec. 4, 1710. Edmund Curll then entered for his copy,
a book entitled " The White Crow ; or an Enquiry into
some more new doctrines broached by the Bishop of Salis-
bury [Dr. Burnet] in a Pair of Sermons uttered in that
Cathedral on the 5th and 7«» days of November last, 1710 ;
and his Lordship's Restauration Sermon last 29th of May."
May 19, 1711. Edmund Curll and R. Goslin, then
entered for their copy, " A True Account of what past at
the Old Bailey, May the 18th, 1711, relating to the Tryal
of Richard Thornhill, Esq., indicted for the Murther of
Sir Cholmley Deering, Bart."
May 29, 1711. Edmund Curll and R. Goslin then
entered for their copy, "The Reasons which induced Her
Majesty to create the Right Hon. Robert Harley, Esq., a
Peer of Great Britain."
July 14, 1711. Edmund Curll and R. Goslin then
entered for their copy, " More Secret Transactions relat-
ing to the Case of Mr. William Gregg, by the Author of
the Former Part."
Sept. 17, 1711. Edmund Curll then entered, "The
Reasons which induced Her Majesty to create the Right
Hon. Sir Simon Harcourt, the Lord Raby, Lord Dart-
mouth, Lord Ferrars, Lord Orrery, and D. Hamilton,
Peers of Great Britain."
Jan. 26, 1712-13. Edmund Curll then entered, « The
Bishop of Salisbury's [Dr. Burnet] new Preface to his
Pastoral Care, Considered with respect to the following
heads, viz. 1. The Qualifications of the Clergy. 2. The
Distinction of High and Low Church. 3. The Present
Posture of Affairs."
Sept. 22, 1720. Edmund Curll then entered, " The
Speech made by Eustace Budgell, Esq., at a General
Court of the South-Sea Company in Merchant Taylors'
Hall, on the 20«* of Sept. 1720."
Nov. 1, 1720. Edmund Curll then entered, "An
I^pistle to His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, occa-
sioned by the State of the Nation, presented on his Birth-
day. By Mr. Stanhope."
Aug. 20, 1746. Edmund Curll then entered, " Achates
to Varus. An Epistle describing some Wonderful Ap-
pearances that ensued from a touch of Ithuriel's Spear,
together with a large Preface in the Style and Manner of
some distinguished Authors."
Yet we must not be surprised to find so few
books entered by Curll as the publisher, .when we
see what was the total number of entries in each
of the first years of the last century. f They are as
follows :
" 1700 -
- 9
books entered.
1701 -
- 3
?> >»
1702 -
- 2
J> 5>
1703 -
- 4
j> j>
1704 -
- 5
» »
1705 -
- 5
» >»
1706 -
- 2
j> >»
1707 -
- 3
1708 -
- 2
„ „ ."
* The writer cannot allow this reference to the Stationers'
Company to pass without making a public acknowledg-
ment of the kindness and courtesy shown him by Mr.
Joseph Greenhill on the occasion of these researches.
t The paucity of entries at Stationers' Hall did not ||
2fld S. NO 43., OCT. 25. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
323
The list we have given is indeed a brief one,
more especially when wa consider how voluminous
a publisher Curll must have been. It shows how
imperfect, after all, is the knowledge of the num-
ber of books, published by any bookseller during
the last century, which can be obtained by a
search of this description. According to the re-
cords of the Stationers' Company, during the forty
years that Curll was engaged in trade as a book-
seller, he only published nine books !
Did we not know from other sources that his
press was most prolific for the greater portion of
half a century, we should suspect, or rather we
should feel sure, that this information must be de-
fective. It was Curll's fate, — a fate which has
preserved his name among us, — to be engaged in
quarrels and litigations about many of the books
he first gave to the world. And when we consider
the character of some of these books, such as
Venus in the Cloister, the Translation of Meibo-
mius, and The Cases of Impotency, or the circum-
stances attending the publication of others, such
as Popes Letters, or The Memoirs of Ker of Kers-
land, we may, perhaps, not be surprised at his
omitting to register them.
But these form a very small proportion of the
books published by Curll, as shown by various
lists appended to different works issued by him.
Thus at the end of Boileau's Lutrin, published
in 1708, we have the announcement that "Next
Term will be published Callipcedia, a Poem in four
books, written in Latin by Cl. Quilletus, &c.
Translated by N. Howe, Esq.
If we come to the year 17 19, we find appended
to The Female Deserters, A Novel by the author
of The Lover's Week, published, not by Curll, but
by J. Roberts in Warwick Lane (and this is a
fact worth bearing in mind, for Roberts and Curll
will be found hereafter mixed up together in their
publications), we have a list of " Books printed
for E. Curll," which occupies three pages, with
very full descriptions of the contents of the fol-
lowing works :
I. "The Lover's Week."
II. "Milesian Tales."
escape the notice of a late writer on the Copyright Act,
who remarks : —
"The books at Stationers' Hall show how very few
copies were formerly registered and delivered. There
were entered in twelve months, including songs and
pamphlets : —
From Michaelmas 1767 to Michaelmas 1768
Do-
Do-
Do-
Do-
Do.
- 1768
- 1769
- 1770
- 1771
- 1772
1769
1770
1771
1772
1773
66 books.
69 „
66 „
67 „
Ott ••
- 76
These few entries (he adds) certainly prove that en-
tries were then not usual." — Reasons for a Modification
of the Act of Anne respecting the Delivery of Books and
Copyright, p. 5. 1813.
III. " Hanover Tales."
IV. "The Spanish Polecat."
V. " The Ladies Miscellany."
VI. " The Adventures of Telemachus."
VII. " Exilius, or the Banished Roman."
Again, the back page of Miscellanies in Verse
and Prose, (Major Pack's), Second Edition, pub-
lished by E. Curll in Fleet Street, 1719, furnishes
a list of the following publications by him :
I. " Major Pack's former Volume of Miscellanies."
II. " Addison's Miscellanies."
III. « Poetical Works, &c., of Earl of Halifax."
IV. " Duke of Buckingham's Poems."
V. " Creech's Translation of Theocritus."
VI. " Anacreon, &c., Englished by several hands."
VII. " Dr. Young's Poem on the Last Day."
VIII. " The Force of Religion, by Dr. Young."
IX. " Muscipula, &c., with a Translation."
X. « Mr. John Philips' Poems."
In the year 1723, in the volume of Addison's
Miscellanies, we find a list of works of a very dif-
ferent character, viz. :
I. " Bishop Bull's Vindication of the Church of Eng-
land."
IT. " John Hales' Treatise on the Passions."
III. " The Pretended Reformers, by Matthias Easbery."
IV. " Translation, of Fenelon's Private Thoughts upon
Religion."
V. " The Devout Communicant."
VI. " The Christian Pilgrimage."
VII. " Prideaux's Life of Mahomet."
VIII. "Conyers Place's Miscellaneous Tracts in De-
fence of the Doctrine and Discipline of the Church of
England."
But a far better view of the extent and variety
of the books issued by Curll may be gathered
from the list appended to the second edition of
Ashmole's History of the Order of the Garter,
published by him in 1726. It occupies sixteen
very closely printed octavo pages ; and is classi-
fied. The first division — DIVINITY — contains
twenty-one books, at the head of which is Bull's1
Vindication, which was first printed by Curll.
HISTORY AND STATE AFFAIRS occupy the next
place. This division commences with Whitlocke's
History of England, and comprises eleven books.
In BIOGRAPHY, which forms the next division, we
have twelve books. In ANTIQUITIES, which fol-
lows, there are thirteen articles. POETRY forms
a very large division, containing no less than fifty-
nine articles. Under the head of PLAYS we have
seven works ; and under that of NOVELS, seven-
teen. We then come to the last division, headed
MISCELLANEOUS, the first article in which is Au-
brey's Miscellanies, and the last (No. 27.) Par-
ker's History of his Own Time, making altogether
no less than one hundred and sixty-seven dif-
ferent works.
One remark, and we will bring this section to a
close. This list is headed, " A Catalogue of Books
printed for H. Curll, over against Catherine Street
in the Strand." Henry Curll was the son of Ed-
mund, and the reason of his name appearing just
324
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[•2"*S. NO 43., OCT. 25. '56.
at this time is sufficiently obvious. His father
was now (1726) under prosecution by the govern-
ment. But more of this hereafter. S. N. M.
SIR THOMAS MORE'S HOUSE AT CHELSEA.
[The following curious memorandum, drawn up at the
commencement of last century, is printed from a MS. of
the time, kindly forwarded to us by a correspondent for
that purpose.]
Probable Reasons showing where Sr Thomas
More's House stood in Chelsey.
As there were 7 Cities in Greece, which con-
tended for the Birth-place of Homer; so there are
in this Parish 4 Houses, which lay claim to the
place, where Sr Thomas More's house stood. To
wit,
1. The Duke of Beauforts. 2ly. The old House
of Mes Butlers lately Mes Woodcocks School
House. 3. That wch was once Sr Reginald
Braye's at the Arch, wch is now built into Seve-
ral Tenements. And 4ly. Sr John Danvers's, wch
is also now pull'd down, and upon part of the
Ground a short street is built called Danvers
Street.
Now of all these in my opinion Beaufort
House seemes probably to be the place, where
Sr Thomas More's House stood. My reasons for
thinking so are these, that follow.
First. His great Grandson Mr Thomas More
(who wrote his life, and was born (1566) in the
beginning of Queen Elizabeth's Reigne about 30
years after Sr Thomas suffer'd) may well be sup-
posed to know, where the most eminent Person of
his Ancesto68 lived. Now he writes, page 120 of
his Book, That Sr Thomas Mores House in Chel-
sey, was the same, wch my Lord of Lincoln bought of
Sr Robert Cecil. It appears pretty plainly, that
Sr Rob* Cecil's House was that, weh is now the
Duke of Beauforts. For in divers places the
letters R. C and also Rc E with the date 1597.
Which letters stand for the first of his, and his
Ladie's name ; and the date of the year, the time,
when He new built, or at least new fronted it.
Besides from the Earl of Lincoln, that House was
conveyed to Sr Arthur Gorges : From him to
Lionel Cranfield Earl of Middlesex. From him
to K Charls ye first. From the King to the D.
of Buckingham Georg Villars. From his Son
after the Restoration to one Plummer for Debts.
From Plummer to the Earl of Bristol. And from
his Heires to the Duke of Beaufort: So that we
can trace all the mesne Assignments from Sr
Rob* Cecil down to the present possesso0 of that
House.
But 21*. Sr Thomas More built the south chan-
cell, or chappel of the Church of Chelsey. And
as an evidence thereof His coat of Arms (viz* In
a Field Argent a Cheveron engrailed sable be-
tween 3 Moor Cocks of the same) remain in the
Glasse of the East Window of that Chancell to this
day. Now that Chancell originally went with,
and belonged to Beaufort House ; untill Sr Ar-
thur Gorges sold that Great House, but reserved
the Chancell to a lesse House near it, to which it
belongs still, and is with that lesse House now in
the occupation of the Heirs of the late Sr William
Milman, who dyed in that House.
So that the Chappel, or Chancell belonging in
the beginning to Sr Thomas More's House ; and
descending down to the several Possesso68 of
Beaufort House (untill Sr Arthur Gorges his
conveying it to the E of Middlesex) we may
conclude, that Beaufort House was Sr Thomas
More's.
"LONG LANKYN BALLAD.
Perhaps some correspondent of " N. & Q." may
be able to point to some work where an authentic
edition of this curious old ballad may be obtained,
or to fill up the several gaps in the following ver-
sion, which is derived by tradition from the nurse
of an ancestor of mine who heard it sung nearly a
century ago in Northumberland. The tune is
singularly quaint and pathetic, and extremely
simple : and, if one may judge by internal evi-
dence in such a case, the music is of considerable
antiquity. Is it known whether this ballad is
founded on fact in any degree ? It evidently
points to a time when the English and Scottish
Border was infested by the marauders called Moss
Troopers ; and it is possible that "Long Lankyn"
may have been a popular name for a real member
of that troublesome fraternity. " Johnstone" is a
name well known amongst the Lowland Scotch ;
and the only doubt as to the locality of the ballad
seems to arise from the passage —
" And he must be m London before break of day ;"
certainly a glaring impossibility in those days of
slow travelling. Perhaps "London" may be a
modern interpolation, instead of " London," or
some other Scotch name of a similar sound : or it
may be merely a poetical licence, signifying any
great place at a distance from the scene of action.
It is right to mention, however, that to my
knowledge a version of it has been met with in
another and distant part of the kingdom (Glouces-
tershire), in which the name " Old Slarnkins " was
substituted for "Long Lankyn." But in this,
and other similar cases, it is possible that, on
minute inquiry, the individual who sang it might
have been found to have derived it from northern
authorities.
Each hiatus (arising from defect of memory) is
marked by a line of asterisks. When sung, each
line is repeated throughout. The tune finishes
2"d S. NO 43., OCT. 25. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
325
with each second line. It may be that I ought to
have made/owr short lines in each stanza, instead
of two long ones.
" LONG LANK.YN.
" Said my lord to his ladye, as he mounted his horse, (bis)
* Take care of Long Lankyn who lies in the moss ' (bis).
Said my lord to his ladye, as he rode away,
' Take care of Long Lankyn who lies in the clay.
Let the doors be all bolted, and the windows all pinned ;
And leave not a hole for a mouse to creep in ! '
Then he kissed his fair lad}re, and he rode away —
He must be in London before break of day.
The doors were all bolted, and the windows were pinned,
All but one little window where Long Lankyn crept in.
' Where is the lord of this house ? ' said Long Lankyn,
* He is gone to fair London,' said the false nurse to him.
' Where is the ladye of this house ? ' said Long Lankyn.
'She's asleep in her chamber,' said the false nurse to
him.
' Where is the heir of this house ? ' said Long Lankyn,
' He's asleep in his cradle,' said the false nurse to him.
* * (hiatus.)
' We'll prick him and prick him all over with a pin,
And that will make your Ladye to come down to him.'
So he pricked him and pricked all over with a pin ;
And the nurse held a basin for the blood to run in.
Lady. ' Oh, nurse ! how you sleep — • Oh, nurse ! how
you snore —
And you leave my little son Johnstone to cry
and to roar ! '
Nurse. 'I've tried him with suck — and I've tried him
with pap —
So come down, my fair ladye, and nurse him in
your lap ! ' . i
Lady. ' Oh, nurse ! how you sleep — oh, nurse ! how
you snore —
And you leave my little son Johnstone to cry
and to roar ! '
Nurse. ' I've tried him with apples — I've tried him with
pears —
So, come down, my fair ladye, and rock him in
your chair.'
Lady. ' How can I come down ? 'tis so late in the night —
When there's no candle burning, nor fire to give
light.'
Nurse. ' You have three silver mantles as bright as the
sun —
So, come down, my fair ladye, by the light of
one.
* * (hiatus.')
Lady. ' Oh ! spare me, Long Lankyn, Oh ! spare me till
12 o'Clock,
You shall have as much gold as you can carry
on 3rour back.'
Long Lankyn. ' If I had as much gold as would build
me a tower.
* * (hiatus.)
Lady. * Oh ! spare me, Long Lankyn, Oh ! spare me one
hour,
You shall have my daughter Betsy — she is a
sweet flower.'
Long Lankyn. ' Where is your daughter Betsy ? She
may do some good,
She can hold the silver basin to catch your
heart's blood ! '
; * . . (hiatus.)
Lady Betsy was sitting in her window so high,
And she saw her father as he was riding by.
; Oh, father ! oh, father ! don't lay the blame on me,
'Twas the false nurse and Long Lankyn that killed
your Ladye ! '
* * (hiatus.)
Then Long Lankyn was hanged on a gallows so
high —
And the false nurse was burnt in a fire just by."
M. H. R.
FOLK LORE.
Dream Superstitions. — In the rural districts
many superstitions yet obtain of dreams on or after
particular occasions and days; various incanta-
tions are used to procure prophetic, or to escape
horrible ones (vide Aubrey's Miscellanies) ; and
many rude rhymes hand down the wisdom of the
" oneirocritical masters," as Sir Thomas Browne
calls them. The pages of " 1ST. & Q." are well
adapted for the preservation of many of the above
hitherto unpublished, while references to those
already printed would oblige SCOTT OF S — .
Raven Superstition (1st S. vii. 496.) —
"A recent letter from Assens, in one of the Danish
isles, says : In no country in the world does there exist
so much superstition amongst the peasantry as in Den-
mark. Here the appearance of a raven in a village is
considered an indication that the parish priest is to die,
or that the church is to be burned down that year; the
person who fasting meets a Jew is sure to be robbed
within a month ; two pins lying in the ground crossed
prognosticate the early death of a relative ; and the
breaking of a looking-glass indicates the ruin of a family.
" But the most remarkable of all superstitions, and that
which is most deeply rooted, is that to drink the blood of
a man executed (executions take place in Denmark by
decapitation), is an infallible preservative against apo-
plexy and epilepsy. In consequence of this belief the
authorities are obliged to take great precautions to pre-
vent persons from approaching the scaffold at executions.
On the 20th of this month (August, 1856), two brigands,
named Boye and Olsen, were executed in the town, and
the authorities as usual employed a strong detachment of
soldiers to keep the spectators at a distance. But at the
moment the head of Olsen fell beneath the axe, two
peasant girls, eighteen years of age, slipped between the
soldiers, who were drawn up in two rows, rushed to the
scaffold, and received in cups with which they had pro-
vided themselves some of the flowing blood, and this
blood they hastily swallowed ! The thing was done
with such rapidity that it was impossible to prevent
them. The girls were at once arrested, and on being
taken before a magistrate they produced a letter written
by Olsen on the previous evening, in which he authorised
them to drink his blood. They were ordered for trial on
the charge of violating the regulations of the police." —
Galignani's Messenger.
Malta.
New Year's Superstition. — H?or years past, an
old lady, a friend of mine, has regularly reminded
326
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd s. NO 43., OCT. 25. '56.
me to pay her an early visit on New Year's Day ;
in short, to be her first caller, and " let the new
year in." I have done this for years, excepting
on one occasion. When I, who am of a fair com-
plexion, have been her first visitor, she has en-
joyed happy and prosperous years ; but on 'the
occasion I missed, some dark-complexioned, black-
haired gentleman called — and sickness and trouble,
and commercial disasters, were the result. Can
any of your readers tell me if this preference for
fair-visaged folks is general ? PRESTONIENSIS.
Remarkable Cure for the Ague. — In a MS.
Psalter of the' fourteenth century, the following
extraordinary recipe is written, in a hand difficult
to decypher, on a blank leaf: —
" This medecyn ys good for the ague.
" Take an halfe peny worth of peper, and an halfe peny-
worth of Safron, and make powther of hem, and medil
bem together, and separte it on thre partyes, evy parte
lyke moche ; and then gathyr iij rede nettyl croppys, and
stampe hem and take the Juce of hem, and putt it in to a
drawth of small ale and i parte of peper and Safron, and
yf he be coold that shall drynke it, warme your ale ; and
if he be hooth, warme nat your ale. Also, at the geder- j
yng of this nettels, say G ave maria, and whan ye have ,
made the medecyn say 6 pat. nr' and 6 ave and 6 crede ;
the ij tyme, take G rede nettyl croppys, and serve hem |
lyke wyse, the thirde tyme take ix nettyl croppys and I
serve hem lyke wyse with prayers, and all this medecyn !
may nat be taken but on the day that ye sekenes corny th."
F. C. H.
And again :
"The careful hours with Time's deforming hand,
Have written strange defeatures in thy face."
Much Ado about Nothing.
The Latin poets were fond of likening the action
of Time upon the front of man to that of a, plough-
share upon the earth's surface :
" . . . . posuitque ad tempora canos,
Sulcavitque cutem rugis."
Ov. Met., lib, iii.
" . . . in vultus sese transformat aniles,
Et frontem obsccenam rugis arat."
Virg. JBn., lib. vii.
" Cum sit tibi dens ater, et rugis vetus
Frontem senectus exaret."
Horat. Epod., viii.
I do not recollect a classical passage in which
the pen of Time is spoken of. WILLIAM BATES.
Birmingham.
TIME AND HIS PEN OR PLOUGHSHARE.
Byron, in his magnificent apostrophe to the
ocean at the close of the fourth canto of Childe
Harold, concludes one of the stanzas with the fine
lines :
" Time writes no wrinkle on thine azure brow —
Such as Creation's dawn beheld, thou rollest now."
For this idea he was probably indebted to Ma-
dame de Stae'l, from whose works and conversa-
tion he had^ largely profited. He had doubtless
read :
" Si les vaisseaux sillonnent im moment les ondes, lea
vagues viennent effacer aussitot cette legere marque de !
servitude, et la mer reparait telle qu'elle fut au premier }
jour de la creation." — Corinne.
Or had the poet in his mind the quaint prettiness
of Shakspeare's deprecation ?
" Oh ! carve not with thy hours my love's fair brow,
Nor write no lines there with thine antique pen."
Sonnet, xix.
Shakspeare had previously made use of the same
figure :
" When forty winters shall besiege thy brow,
And dig deep trenches in thy beauty's field."
Sonnet, ii.
The Word " Jb%." — If the origin of the word
jolly is considered of sufficient importance to de-
mand a line among the Notes in your wonderful
Common-place Book, you may write against it
"vide Bp. Stillingfleet," who, in his Origines
Britannicce, p. 352., edit. 1837, speaking of Feasts,
&c., remarks :
" At which time, among the northern nations, the feast
of the new year was observed with more than ordinary
jollity ; thence, as Olaus Wormius and Scheffer observe,
they reckoned their age by so many/o/as; and Snorro
Sturleson describes this ne\v year's feast just as Buchanan
sets out the British Saturnalia, by 'feasting and sending
presents or new 3'ear's gifts to one another.' Thence
some think the name of this feast was taken from lola,
which in the Gothic language signifies ' to make merry.' "
JASPER.
The Sound of a Christian Sell. —
" We have," says a letter from Widdin, under date of
the 27th August, 1856, " heard a sound this morning,
which the people of Bulgaria have not heard for ages, the
sound of a Christian bell, to summon us to church, in
order that we might thank God for the Sultan's kindness
in restoring to us our liberty of worship."
W. W.
Malta.
Hint to Lord Palmerston. — In Frederick von
Raumer's England in 1835 (vol. iii. p. 47.), I find
the following, which I think worthy of being noted
in "N. & Q. :" —
" There is no article of exportation in which the En-
glish are so far behind the French as in that of young
women, sedate governesses, and old bonnes. The English
might answer, this is a proof of our prosperity, of our
contentment at home, of attachment to our country;
whereas poverty, ennui, and vanity, drive the French
women over the frontiers. I can only half concede the
correctness of this conclusion : an easy and agreeable life
certainly keeps the English women at home, and it is
2»d S. N» 43., OCT. 25. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
327
difficult to indemnify them on the continent; but th
French gain, by this'kind of exportation, more influenc
in Europe than by ambassadors, spies, and all activ
agents of the male sex. It was not on the exportation
of herrings and stockfish that the English governmen
should have granted drawbacks and bounties, but on tha
of their amiable countrywomen. It is to be hoped that
the present very judicious ministry will, at least, defray
the travelling expenses to the continental capitals ; and
they may be persuaded that this outlay will prove more
advantageous to Great Britain than many large subsidies
for the importation of German soldiers."
VESPERTILIO.
Rev. C. Wolfe s Words to the Air " Grama-
chrec." — It is stated in the Rev. J. A. Russell's
Remains of the late Rev. Charles Wolfe, that, —
" He never heard this popular Irish air without being
sensibly affected by its deep and tender expression ; but
he thought that no words had ever been written for it,
which came up to his idea of the peculiar pathos which
pervades the whole strain. He said they all appeared to
him to Avant individuality of feeling. At the desire of a
friend he gave his own conception of it in these verses,
which it seems hard to read, perhaps impossible to hear
sung, without tears."
The exquisite verses here alluded to contain one
line which it has always surprised me that the
author should have retained, when its extreme
roughness could have been so easily removed,
without any detriment to the sense, and with
manifest improvement in sound. The line is the
sixth in the second stanza, and reads thus :
" What thou ne'er leftist unsaid : "
Would not the following be an improvement ?
" Wliat thou hast ever said:"
The stanza then, which is perhaps the most
pathetic of a composition intensely beautiful
throughout, would read thus :
" And still upon that face I look,
And think 'twill smile again ;
And still the thought I will not brook,
That I must look in vain !
But when I speak — thou dost not say,
What thou hast ever said:
And now I feel, as well I may,
Sweet Mary, thou art dead ! "
F. C. H.
Mottoes for a Comw.on-place Book, Index Re-
rum, or Note-booh. — I send you two mottoes I
have prefixed to my Note-book, and I trust others
will do the same : —
" Adventure not all thy learning in one bottom, but divide
it betwixt thy Memory and thy Note-books. He that with
Bias carries all his learning about him in his head, will
utterly be beggerd and bankrupt, if a violent disease, a
mercilesse thief, should rob and strip him. I know some
have a Common- place against Common-place-books, and
yet perchance will privately make use of what publickly
they declaim against. A Common -place-book contains
many Notions in garison, whence the owner may draw
out an army into the field on competent warning." —
Fuller's Holy State, 1st edit., p. 176.
' Preserve proportion in your reading, keep your view
of Men and Things, extensive, and depend upon it a
mixed Knowledge is not a superficial one ; as far as it
goes, the views that it gives are true ; but he who reads
deeply in one class of writers only, gets views which are
almost sure to be perverted, and which are not only nar-
row but false." — Dr. Arnold.
ElRIONNACH.
Unregistered Proverb : " Like lucky John Toy?
Sfc. — At Penryn, in West Cornwall, I frequently
used to hear this proverb applied to any one who
rejoiced over a small gain, though purchased at the
expense of a greater loss : " Like lucky Jahn
Toy — lost a shilling and found a tupenny loaf."
There was then living a semi-idiot, called John
Toy ; but the proverb was of such extended use,
that I think it originated ere his time.
J. H. A. B.
The War of Sing (China} Independence.—
There have arrived here some proclamations and
other printed documents of the new Emperor
(Judge, President) of the Confederated States of
China. His Excellency Tae-Ping-Teen-Kwo cir-
culates with much tact and discernment a great
number of translations of the Exodus, as the
liberation of the Hebrew people from the kingly
rule of Egypt, the establishment of judges, &c.,
bear a strong resemblance to the present national
war in China. That the foreign rule of the
Tartar dynasty was never liked there, and that
that hatred even pervaded some of the Christian
missionaries centuries ago, we learn from a work
printed in 1656, which begins thus :
" Sinense coelum, mite ac benignum olim — nunc Tar-
tarico frigore exasperatum, infestumque ! ! " — Boym,
Flora Sinensis, Vienna, fol.
J. LOTSKY, Panslave.
GOWER QUERIES.
Can any of your readers explain the words
printed in Italics in the following extracts from
Gower's Confessio Amantis ? F. R. DALDT.
1.
" But fader, for ye ben a clerke
Of love and this matere is derke.
And I can ever lenger the lasse,
But yet I may nought let it passe."
2.
" The Gregois weren wonder glade,
And of that thing right merry hem thought,
And forth with hem the flees they brought,
And eche on other gan to Ugh"
3.
"And thus upon his marrement
This paien hath made his preiere.
4.
" And though I stonde there a mile,
All is foryette for the while."
328
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd s. N« 43., OCT. 25. '56.
5.
'And for to speke hgw that it stood,
Of Thaise his doughter, wher she dwelletb,
In Tharse as the cronique telleth ;
She was well kept, she was well loked,
She was well taught, she was well boked,
So well she sped her in her youth,
That she of every wisdom couth,
That for to secke in every londe
So wise an other no man fonde
Ne so well taught at marines eye"
6.
' And prively withoute noise,
He bringeth this foule great coise
To his castell in suche a wise,
That no man might her shape avise."
7.
' And after him I finde thus
Southward fro Alisaundre forth,
Tho signes, whiche most ben worth
In governaunce of that doaire,
Libra they ben and Sagittaire
With Scorpio, which is conjoint.
" . . . he made a vow,
With manful herte, and thus he saide,
That Rome shulde never abraide
His heires, whan he were of dawe,
That her auncester brake the lawe.
9.
" My sone, if that thou well bethought,
This toucheth the, foryete it nought,
The thing is torned into was,
The which was whilome grene gras
Is welked heie, as time now.
10.
" With that upon a grene bough
A ceinte of silke, which she there had,
She knette, and so her self she lad,
That she about her white swere
It did and henge her selven there.
11.
" The wind stood thanne nought amis,
But every topsailcole it blewe,
Till Ulixes the marches knewe,
Where Lichomede his regne had.
JHmor
Truant Felice. — In one of Hearne's mediaeval
chroniclers, I find a monastery at Byzantium or
Constantinople mentioned as Truant Felice. Now
there is little doubt that this is an incorrect read-
ing. Can any of your readers help me to find the
real name ? HENRY T. RILEY.
Artillery. — Two hundred years ago in some of
our towns butts were provided by the authorities
for the practice of "artillery." What was the
kind of artillery then in use ? D. W.
Hampshire Topography. — What are the best
books to consult for the early history of a parish
in Hampshire bordering on Sussex ? H. S. T.
Octave at Magdalen College, Oxford. — At the
election of Demies at this college, it is customary
to nominate one of the unsuccessful candidates as
Octave ; and he is to take the place of any Demy
who may chance to die within eight days of the
election. Can any of your Oxford correspondents
tell me if there has been any instance of an Octave
so succeeding to a Demyship? HENRY T. RILEY.
Seven Fleurs-de-lis, and Buslingthorpe Family.
— Can any of your contributors, skilled in he-
raldry, kindly mention a family bearing for arms
Gu. 7 fleurs-de-lis (viz. three rows of two, and
one,} orf
Such a coat is indistinctly perceptible in the
east window of Buslingthorpe Church, co. Lincoln,
surmounted by a crest, which I take to be a
peacock.
The arms of " Sire Richard de Boselingthorp,"
as given in Parl. Writs (Sir F. Palgrave), vol. i.
p. 416., are totally different, viz. " de argent od
le chef endente de sable a un cheveron de gout."
I should also be glad to learn, whether there is
any evidence of Sire John de Boselyngthorp,
father or grandfather of the Sire Richard men-
tioned in Parl. Writs, having been connected with
the fifth (or any) crusade, or of his having under-
taken a pilgrimage to the Holy Land. His monu-
ment exhibits him cross-legged on an altar-tomb ;
and, as there is a tradition of his having received
a grant of land from the king in reward for his
having slain a dragon, it is probable that he was
a "man of mark" in his day. Either his son
Richard, who is still commemorated by a half-
length brass in good preservation, — or (more pro-
bably) a grandson of the same name, — is said at
his death to have held the manor of Bothurnsell,
in Notts, - " of the inheritance of Isabella, his
quondam wife." See Thoroton v. Bothumsell.
Query, Who was this Isabella ? Was she an
heiress of the St. George, or of the Furneaux
family ? Probably, of the former. J. SANSOM.
Buslingthorpe.
P.S. Does the name of Buslingthorpe occur in
any list of Knights Templars ?
Wolves eating Earth. —
" And as a wolfe, beeing about to devoure a horse, doth
balist his belly with earth, that he may hang the heavier
vpou him, and then forcibly flyes in his face, neuer
leauing his hold till he had eaten him vp." — Pierce
Pennilesse, p. 32. (Shakspeare Soc. edit.)
On what authority does this wolfish trait rest ?
and are there other allusions to it in old writers ?
J. H. A. BONE.
Cleveland, Ohio, U. S.
Waterspouts on Land. — On the first of Sep-
tember last, a thunderstorm, accompanied by hail
and rain, burst with unparalleled fury upon this
village and its vicinity, and continued from 5'30
2nd s. N° 43., OCT. 25. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES,
329
to 10-30 P.M. The rain fell in quantities sur-
passing the experience of the oldest inhabitant ;
every "hollow was, in a short space of time, com-
pletely filled. A house was utterly demolished ;
animals drowned, and the public roads were in-
places several feet under water; but the most
curious phenomenon was the appearance of a
large hole of an irregular circular form, more than
2o1eet in diameter, and from 7 to 10 feet deep,
in a field situate about a mile off, in the parish of
Hemsby, having all the appearance of being
caused by the descent of a column of water. The
situation of the field precludes the possibility of
its having been caused by an accumulation of
surface water. A hedge ran across the spot ; but
this, for the space of eight yards, together with
large quantities of the subsoil (sand), was carried
by the force of the water fully 200 yards into the
next field. The sides of the chasm are generally
perpendicular, and the depth of the mould con-
siderable. I am desirous to know if anything
similar has occurred, and if any appearance of a
waterspout on land, and the effects of its fall, are
on record. E. S. TAYLOR.
Ormesby St. Margaret.
Chinese and Greeks and Romans. — It is not
improbable that the ancient Chinese kept a watch-
ful eye on what was going on in the western
world. Has Chinese or Indian history revealed to
our orientalists any particulars connected with
the Egyptians, Assyrians, Greeks, or Komans,
with which, from classical sources, we are unac-
quainted ? If so, any such scraps of information
would find a most appropriate place in a corner of
your journal. HENRY T. RILEY.
Caricatures. — There is lying before me a curi-
ous little volume which unfortunately wants the
title-page, but is lettered on the back, " Political
Caricatures from 1755 to 1760." It contains 100
plates, preceded by twenty pages of letter-press,
explaining or describing them. They seem to
have been published, from time to time, by Darby
and Edwards, at the Acorn, facing Hungerford,
Strand. I should like to know the full title of
this volume, and whether it is of any value on ac-
count of its rarity, or otherwise. E. H. A.
Races on Foot by naked Men. — During the
summer of 1824, I remember seeing, at Whit-
worth in Lancashire, two races, at different
periods, of this description. On one occasion two
men ran on Whitworth Moor with only a small
cloth or belt round the loins. On the other oc-
casion the runners were six in number, stark
naked, the distance being seven miles, or seven
times round the moor. There were hundreds,
perhaps thousands, of spectators, men and women,
and it did not appear to shock them, as being
anything out of the ordinary course of things.
Can any of your readers inform me whether races
of this description are still celebrated in any part
of Great Britain or Ireland ? It is with reference
to this usage, no doubt, that the Lancashire riddle
says :
" As I was going over Eooley Moor, Rooley Moor shak'd,
I saw four and twenty men, running stark nak'd.
The first was the last, and the last was the first." *
HENRY T. RILEY.
The Queen's Case Stated. — What are the words
in full of some verses bearing this title, published
about the year 1820 ? Some of the lines were —
" C was a Copley with aquiline beak,
D was a Deumau who quoted some Greek,
M was Majocchi, who swore in November,
N was the Nothing that he could remember.
T was the Truth if we could but get at it"
UNEDA.
Philadelphia.
November Nights. — In the London Magazine
for December, 1825, a work entitled November
Nights, by the author of Warreniana, is announced
as " projected." Was it ever published ?
UNEDA.
Philadelphia.
Preexistence. — Can any of your readers men-
tion a work or works in which this fanciful doc-
trine is upheld? I am aware that it was a
favourite notion of the poet Shelley. Some years
ago I read a paper in, I think, Fraser on the
subject ; but I have since lost all clue to it. Any
further particulars on this subject would be in-
teresting. HENRY T. RILEY.
" Instructions for Lent." — I picked up in this
parish not long since a little book of Instructions
for Lent, with Meditations for every Day, founded
on some verses of Scripture that apparently occur
in the daily services. It is evidently the work of
a Roman Catholic, who, however, in the preface
highly approves and recommends Bishop Gun-
ning's well-known treatise. The whole is of a
very practical character, and contains but little
that is distinctively Roman. The title-page is
gone, but it would seem to have been printed
sometime in the last century. Who was the
author? E. H.A.
Lollard. — In Pulleyn's Etymological Compen-
dium (third edit, revised and improved by M. A.
Thorns) I find it stated that the term Lollard is
derived from a Waldensian pastor of that name,
who was burnt alive at Cologne in 1322. No
notice, however, is taken of two other derivations
which I have met with, and respecting which I
should be glad to know through your columns
* Meaning the spokes of a wheel.
330
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2** S. NO 43., OCT. 25. '56.
whether any well-founded authority exists. Some
persons, I am told, derive the name from lolium,
darnel, or tares, the Lollards being represented as
the tares which, in parabolical language, the enemy
had sown among the Lord's husbandry. The other
conjecture is that the name was derived from* the
old German word lollen (Anglice, lull), meaning
to sing, and that the followers of Wickliffe were
thus denominated, because they were continually
engaged in singing hymns. N. L. T.
Culme Family of Devonshire. — Can any one
give me some information respecting the armorial
bearings, lineage, and history of the Devonshire
family of Culme ? Have they any connexion with
the Cullums of Suffolk ? X.
Enstammt or Erstourt. — This name occurs
frequently in some title-deeds of the reign of
Elizabeth, as belonging to a family in Radnor-
shire. Can any of your correspondents give any
information respecting persons of this name, either
at that date, or later ? C. C.
Parseys " De Morton." — Can you inform me
whether the following piece is a drama or a novel ?
— The Tragedy of De Morton, by Alfred Pursey.
8vo., 1844. R. J.
Nell Gwynn. — Wading through a fragment of
an anonymous* Diary, written possibly about
1666-7, not particularly interesting in the details,
being chiefly memoranda of the writer's health,
with here and there a stray piece of historical
information, I lighted upon the following entries :
" Nov. 22, Thursday.
Paid Mrs Aldworth for M" Gwyn xxu sent by
Will.
* * * *
" Decr 8, Satterday.
Sent Mrs Gwvn xx11 more.
* " * * *
" Dec1' 24. Ch. Eve.
W. Aldworth went to Standlake, and carried M"
Gwynn xx11, wch made up lx11 upon Mich.
Accompt. . . ."
Perhaps MR. PETER CUNNINGHAM, or some other
of your learned readers, might be enabled to de-
termine whether the Mrs. Gwyn here chronicled
is likely to be identical with the celebrated mis-
tress of King Charles II. The date, if correct,
would allow the inference. CL. HOPPER.
Scotch Darien Company and Equivalent Com-
pany.— By the 15th article of the Union with
Scotland, the sum* of 398,085Z. 10*. was to be ad-
* The writer was, no doubt, a member of the legal
profession ; and, apparent!)', a person of some consequence,
mixing in the higher ranks of society. Upon one of the
blank pages, I find scribbled the words " Thomas Taylor;"
but whether the writer or owner of the MS., or other-
wise, I am unable farther to determine,
vanced by England, as compensation for the
losses suffered by the Scotch Darien Company of
1695-99.
On July 10, 1713, the sum of 18,42H. 10*. lOf d.
was voted to William Paterson for " his expense,
pains, and considerable losses in the service of the
late African and Indian Company of Scotland."
By another Act of Parliament, interest on the
above sums was ordered to be paid to a company
called the Equivalent Company, for the purpose
of being distributed amongst the losers by the
failure of the Darien Colony.
By an Act of Parliament, passed in 1850, the
whole of the capital, including the compensation
to Paterson, was ordered to be paid over to the
Equivalent Company for distribution amongst the
descendants of the original shareholders.
In 1853, a lineal descendant of Win. Paterson,
named Rogerson, came over from St. John's, New
Brunswick, to seek the sum of 18,42U 10.9. lOftf.,
as Paterson's most direct descendant; but left,
without having been able to find out, either in,
Edinburgh or London, who the persons consti-
tuting the Equivalent Company were. Whilst in
London, he stopped at Sam's Hotel, 302. Strand.
Can any of your readers throw any light on the
above subject ? X. Y. Z.
" Gone to Jericho" its Origin. —
" One of Henry VIII. 's houses of pleasure was Jericho,
in Essex. When his majesty was desirous of not being
disturbed, the answer given was, that he had gone to
Jericho, in other words that he was not at home."
Might I ask if the above is a correct explana-
tion of the origin of this common term ? W. W.
Malta.
[Jericho seems to be used by Hey wood as a general
term for a place of concealment or banishment. If so
(says Nares) it explains the common phrase of wishing a
person at Jericho, without sending him so far as Pales-
tine :
" Who would to curbe such insolence, I know,
Bid such young boyes to stay in Jericho
Untill their beards were growne, their wits more staid."
Hierarchic, book iv. p. 208.
Mr. John Gough Nichols in the Camden Miscellany,
vol. iii., has given the following curious note on this word.
Speaking of the manor of Blackmore, about seven miles
from Chelmsford, he says, " In searching the patent rolls
of Henry VIII. I have met with the following record
relative to this place. It proves at any rate that the
name Jericho existed in the reign of Henry VIII., if not
before. 18 Feb., 20 Hen. VIII. (1528-9). Lease by the
advice of John Daunce, knt., and John Hales to John
Smyth of Blackamore, Essex, gent., of the site and man-
sion of the manor or lordship of Blackamore, and the rec-
tory of Blackamore, with all demesne lands, &c., a tene-
ment called Jerico." (MS. Calendar of the Patent Rolls.)
The local tradition is noticed by Morant (Hist, of Essex,
1768, vol. ii. p. 57.) " This is reported to have been one
2»* S. NO 43., OCT. 25. '56.]
NOTES AND QUEEIES.
331
of King Henry VIII. 's houses of pleasure ; and disguised
by the name of Jericho. So that when this lascivious
prince had a mind to be lost in the embraces of his courte-
sans, the cant word among the courtiers was, that 'He
was gone to Jericho.' "]
" Deuce take you.'" — It is not unlikely that the
word Deuce, as thus used, may owe its origin to
the name of the Roman general, Claudius Drusus,
the son of Livia, and step-son of Augustus.
Albert Mirseus, in his Annales Belgici (Brussels,
1624), p. 9., says that the name of Drusus, after
his German victories, became so dreaded, that
even " at the present day it is used in the impre-
cation common with the Flemings, Dat u den
Droes hale, 'May Druse take you.' Drusus te
auferat seu avehat"
We find that a similar imprecation is still in
use with the Germans :
" The misery that Drusus must have occasioned among
the German tribes was undoubtedly excessive. Some an-
tiquaries have imagined that the German imprecation,
Das dich der Drus hole, may be traced to the traditional
dread of this terrible conqueror." — Dr. Smith's Dictionary
of Ancient Biography, vol. i. p. 1086.
HENRY T. RILEY.
[ Junius, in his Etymologicum, gives a different origin
to this popular imprecation: "Dens take you, Abi in
malam rem, Diabolus te abripiat. Hue facit, quod Isidori
glossis legimus ; Dusius, daemon, quod itidem auctori
Gem. gemm. Dusius exp. dasmon, qui homines educit &
sensu. Etiam Teuton. Dusius, Die duuel die de luyde
buten finnes of toe dode brenght. Imo et illud Augustini,
lib. xv. de Civitate Dei, c. 23. : ' Quosdam dsemones, quos
Dusios nuncupant Galli, hanc assidue immunditiam et
tentare et efficere,' &c." Sharon Turner, also, farther
informs us, that "Bede, in his Commentary on Luke,
mentions demons appearing to men as females, and to
women as men, whom, he says, the Gauls call Dusii, the
presumed origin of our word deuce" See Dr. Whitaker's
learned argument for deriving this imprecation from " the
goddess nymph of the Brigantes" in his Cathedral of
Cornwall, vol. i. pp. 345—347.]
Lloyd Arms. — To which family of the Lloyds
do the following armorial bearings belong ? and
how can I find out why they were granted ?
Arms, Argent, a griffin, segreant, vert.
Crest, Out of a ducal coronet, or, a cock's head
between two wings, gules, combed, beaked, and
wattled of the first.
Granted A.D. 1578. 1ST. E. P.
[We have not seen any authority beyond Edmond-
son for the arms blazoned by our correspondent. He
says they were borne by Lloyd of London and Wales.
There is no family of Lloyd in the Visitation of London,
A.D. 1568, nor in the subsequent one of 1634. In the
Visitation of London in 1687 the arms of Llovd are quite
different, being four stags.]
Omission of f in the Marginal References of the
Oxford Bible. — I find, on examination, that the
letter / has been uniformly, and therefore it
would seem designedly, omitted in the marginal
references of the Old and New Testament, which
bears the date 1851 on its title-page ; printed at
the University Press, Oxford, for the S. P. C. K.
The Book of Common Prayer is bound up to-
gether with the copy to which I refer (y.y.y.
Pearl 8vo.). Can any one give the reason for
this omission ? BOSOTICUS.
Tonbridge.
[The italic letters/and /, being what are technically
called kerned letters, or such as have part of their face
hanging over one or both sides of their shanks, are very
liable to lose their tails whilst subject to the pressure of
machine work. Hence they are frequently omitted as
reference letters in marginal notes of the Bible and law-
works.]
Fast in 1640. — In the churchwardens' book of
this parish I find an entry in the above year as
follows :
£ s. d.
" Item, pa for a booke against the fast - 0 2 0."
What fast was this ? ALFRED T. LEE.
Tetbury, Gloucestershire.
[In Toone's Chronological Historian, under Nov. 12,
1640, we read that " the Commons, in concurrence with
the Lords, moved the King for a fast, which was ap-
pointed and held. Dr. Cornelius Burgess and Stephen
Marshall preached on that day before the House of Com-
mons, and preached and prayed seven hours betwixt
them."]
" Comcedia Sacra? — Some time ago an ancient
" comedy " in Latin fell into my hands, and I should
be much obliged by any dramatic antiquary giving
me an account of its author. The subject is
somewhat remarkable, inasmuch as it refers to the
history of Joseph when in Egypt.
The following is a copy of the title :
" Comoedia Sacra, cui Titulus Joseph, ad Christianse
juventutis institutionem iuxta locos inventionis, vete-
remq; artem, nunc primum et scripta et edita per Cor.
Crocum, Amsterodami ludimagistrum. Ex Genesios,
cap. xxxix. xl. et xli. Abstine sus, non tibi spiro.
Colonise. loannes Gymnicus excudebat, Anno MDXXXVII.
12mo."
Master Crocus dedicates the production to
Martin Niven of Amsterdam, " Virginum Ger-
trudensium moderator! meritissimo." Query,
who was Crocus, and what sort of office was it
held by his patron Martin Niven ? The drama
in which Potiphar and Mrs. Potiphar appear must
surely be very rare. J. M.
[An edition of this work was published during the
same year at Strasbourg : " Excusum Argentina?, in asdi-
bus Jacobi Jucundi. Anno M.D.XXXVII." The author,
Cornelius Crocus, was a Jesuit of Amsterdam, and died in
the year 1550. He published a Grammar and Colloquies
to supersede in the schools those of Melancthon and
Erasmus. He had the reputation of writing with great
perspicuity ; and Adrian Junius gives Father Crocus the
commendation of having successfully imitated the polite-
ness of Terence and Tully. For some account of him and
his works, see Biographie Universelle, vol. x. p. 282., and
Moreri, Dictionnaire Histori<jue.~^
332
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2"*S. N" 43., OCT. 25. '56.
Boohs to Public Libraries. — In Frederick von
Raumer's England in 1835, speaking of the taxes
on literature, he says (vol. iii. p. 58.) :
" Eleven copies [of every new work] must be delivered
to libraries which, for the most part, are not open to the
public. ***."
Will you kindly inform me: 1. Which were
the eleven libraries that, in 1835, were entitled to
a copy of every new work ? and, 2. Which libra-
ries at the present day enjoy this privilege ?
VESPERTIUO.
[In 1835, the libraries claiming copies were the Uni-
versities of Oxford, Cambridge, Edinburgh, Glasgow,
Aberdeen, St. Andrews, and Trinity College, Dublin ; the
British Museum, Sion College, the Faculty of Advocates,
Edinburgh, and the King's Inns, Dublin. By the copy-
right act, 5 & 6 Viet, c. 45., passed July 1, 1842, Jive
copies are required ; four to be delivered to the officer of
the Stationers' Company, and one direct to the British
Museum. Or the publishers may deliver the copies di-
rest to the respective libraries, viz. the Bodleian, the
Public Library at Cambridge, the Faculty of Advocates
at Edinburgh, and Trinity College, Dublin.]
POEMS IN PRAISE OF TOBACCO.
(2nd S. i. 115. 182. 258. 320. 378. 504. ; ii. 95.)
The following very clever parodies have not
been mentioned ; A Pipe of Tobacco, in imitation
of Six several Authors, by Hawkins Browne, Esq.
They are published in the Oxford Sausage, and
are in imitation of Gibber, A. Phillips, Thomson,
Young, Pope, and Swift. They richly deserve
the honours of full quotation in any work devoted
to the praise of tobacco, and are parodies as clever
and close as any in the Rejected Addresses.
Witness the following lines, in " imitation of Mr.
A. Phillips : "
" Little tube of mighty pow'r,
Charmer of an idle hour,
Object of my warm desire,
Life of wax, and eye of fire ;
And thy snowy taper Avaist,
With my linger gently brac'd ;
And thy pretty swelling crest,
With my little stopper prest,
And the sweetest bliss of blisses,
Breathing from thy balmy kisses.
Happy thrice, and thrice agen,
Happiest he of happy men ;
Who when agen the night returns,
When agen the taper burns ;
When agen the cricket's gay,
(Little cricket, full of play)
Can afford his tube to feed
With the fragrant INDIAN Weed :
Pleasure for a nose divine,
Incense of the God of Wine.
Happy thrice, and thrice agen,
Happiest he of happy men."
(I quote from the original edition of the Oxford
Sausage, which is without a date ; and I would
here inquire if the book was first published in
1772, or when.*) Nor should some modern Ox-
ford parodies on this subject be forgotten ; viz.
the two (to the airs of " Love Not," and " The
last Rose of Summer ") printed in Hints to Fresh-
men ; they are clever enough to deserve quotation.
John Phillips must also be remembered for his
oft-repeated poetical praises of tobacco; for which
see particularly the passage in The Splendid Shil-
ling, commencing, —
" or from tube as black
As winter- chimney, or well- polish'd jet,"
and the lines in his poem on Cider :
" To sage experience we owe
The Indian weed unknown to ancient times,
Nature's choice gift, whose acrimonious fume
Extracts superfluous juices, and refines
The blood distemper'd from its noxious salts ;
Friend to the spirits, which with vapours bland
It gently mitigates; companion fit
Of pleasantry and wine; nor to the bards
Unfriendly, when they to the vocal shell
Warble melodious their well-labour'd songs."
Perhnps the most whimsical poetical praise of
tobacco is to be found in Charles Lamb's Farewell
to Tobacco, wherein condemnation is so humorously
and fancifully mingled with praise. The poem
(of 146 lines) is too long to be given here ; those
who have it not within reach can divine its nature
from the following extract :
" Scent to match thy rich perfume
Chemic art did ne'er presume ;
Through her quaint alembic strain,
None so sovreign to the brain :
Nature, that did in thee excel,
Framed again no second smell.
Hoses, violets, but toys
For the smaller sort of boys,
Or for greener damsels meant ;
Thou art the only manly scent.
Stinking'st of the stinking kind,
Filth of the mouth, and fog of the mind,
Africa, that brags her foison,
Breeds no such prodigious poison ;
Henbane, nightshade, both together,
Hemlock, aconite —
Nay, rather,
Plant divine, of rarest virtue ;
Blisters on the tongue would hurt you.
'Twas but in a sort I blamed thee ;
None e'er prosper'd who defam'd thee."
See also on this subject Byron's praise of to-
bacco :
" Sublime tobacco ! which from east to Avest,
Cheers the Tar's labour, or the Turkman's rest," &c.
The Island, Canto n. xix.
In the notes to this passage (Murray's octavo
ed. p. 168.) Dr. Johnson is made to say :
" Smoking has gone out. To be sure, it is a shocking
thing, blowing smoke out of our mouths into other
* Isaac Hawkins Browne, the author of these six paro-
dies, was born in 1705, and died in 1760, — C. B.
NO 43., OCT. 25. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
333
people's mouths, eyes, and noses, and having the same
thing done to us. Yet I cannot account why a thing
which requires so little exertion, and yet preserves the
mind from total vacuity, should have gone out."
Did not Dr. Johnson also remark that, since the
disuse of smoking by the better sort of people,
suicides had been more frequent than before ?
Crabbe has given a very happy description of
" A Smoker's Club," in The Borough, Letter x.
In the audi alterant partem division of the sub-
ject, Cowper's denunciation of the "pernicious
weed " must find a place. CUTHBERT BEDE, B.A.
Among the works in praise or dispraise of
tobacco, your correspondent has omitted to men-
tion "Tobacco batter' d and the Pipes shatter'd," by
Joshua Sylvester ; and to be found in the same
small folio with his translation of Du Bartas.
Does he know also of Dr. Giles Everard's Panacea,
or Wonderful Virtues of Tobacco, 1658 ?
HENRY T. RILEY.
"THE LADIES CABINET OPENED.
(2nd S. ii. 261.)
In reply to a Query of your correspondent
JOHN BRUCE, I subjoin a copy of the title-page of
a copy of this work in my possession :
^"THE LADIES CABINET OPENED: Wherein is found
hidden severall Experiments in Preserving and Con-
serving, Physicke, and Surgery, Cookery, and Huswifery.
London, Printed by M. P. for Richard Meighen, next to
the Middle Temple in Fleetstreet. 1639. 4to."
This copy appears to be quite perfect, but has
no prefatory address, the work itself commencing
on the next leaf to the title-page ; the first thing
described in the Cabinet being "A Lemmon
Ballet." The recipe for « Oil of Swallows " ap-
pears on page 19.
Another book, much in the same style, seems to
have been very popular in its time. The title of
a copy before me runs thus :
"THE QUEEN'S CLOSET OPENED. Comprehending
several hundreds of Experienced Receipts, and Incompa-
rable Secrets, in Physick, Chyrurgery, Preserving, Can-
dying, Cookery, &c., which were presented to the Queen
by the most Eminent Doctors in Physick, Chyrurgions,
Oculists, and divers Persons of Honour, whose names are
all fixed to their Receipts, many whereof were had in
Esteem, when She pleased to Descend to Private Recrea-
tions. CONTAINING 1. THE QUEEN'S PHYSICAL CABINET,
or excellent Receipts in Physick, Chyrurgery, &c. 2.
THE QUEEN'S DELIGHT, or the Art of Preserving, Con-
serving, Candying; As also, A Right Knowledge of
making Perfumes and Distilling the most Excellent
Waters. 3. THE COMPLEAT COOK; or Directions for
Dressing all sorts of Flesh, Fowl, and Fish, Ordering of
Sauces, and making of Pastry, according to the English,
rench, Spanish, and Italian Mode. The last Edition
Corrected and Enlarged with many New and Late Ad-
htions. LONDON, Printed for Benjamin Crayle at the
Lamb in Fleetstreet, next White-Fryers Gate. 1684
12mo."
There is a dedication "To the Ingenious and
Courteous Reader," signed " W. M." Let us
take a specimen of the medical practice of this
work : " A Medicine for the Plague which the
Lord Mayor had from the Queen : "
" Take of Sage, Elder, and red Bramble leaves, of each
one little handful ; stamp them and strain them together
through a cloath with a quart of White-wine; then take
a quantity of White-wine-vinegar, and mingle them to-
gether ; and drink thereof morning and night a spoonful
at a time, nine days together and you shall be whole.
There is no medicine more excellent than this, when the
sore doth appeare, then to take a Cock-chick and pull it ;
and let the Rump be bare, and hold the Rump of the said
Chick to the sore, and it will gape and labour for life, and
in the end die ; then take another, and the third, and so
long as any one so dye ; for when the Poyson is quite
drawn out the Chick will live, the sore presently will as-
swage and the party recover. Mr. Winlour proved this
upon one of his own children; the thirteenth Chick
dyed, the fourteen (sic) lived, and the partv cured." —
Page 29.
Somewhat earlier than the period of the above
work there was one, apparently popular, having
gone through many editions, boasting for its au-
thor or gatherer no less a personage than a
" Master of Art," of Oxford. I will give a part of
the title :
"A Right Profitable Booke, for all Diseases, called,
The Pathway to HEALTH, &c. First gathered by Peter
Levens, Master of Art of Oxford, and Student in Physicke
and Surgery, and now newly corrected and augmented.
London, Printed by John Beale for Richard Bird, and are
to be sold at his house in S. Lawrence-lane, at the signe
of the Bible. 1632. 4to. Black letter."
Let the ladies hear to what use he would apply
a " pure blacke cat."
" For the Lytargle in the Head in the hinder part, which
maheth it for to shake.
" Take a pure blacke cat, and flea her, and pull out her
bowels, and picke away the fat from the guttes, and put
them into the body againe, and fill the body full of
musterdseede, well steeped in the juice of Nep, and Sage,
and then sow the body up, and rost it upon a spit, till it
be so dry that it drop'no more moisture, then take the
dripping that commeth therof, and put it in bladders, and
when you will occupy it, shave the Patient in the neck,
and anoint him by the fire in the joint next to the head,
and it shall help the grieved."
You have "A precious water for the sight of
the eyes," " used by King Edward the sixt." For
this preparation various herbs are to be mixed
with a pint of good white wine, three spoonfuls of
hony, and " five spoonfuls of the water of a man-
child that is an innocent."
Much in the same style is The English-Man's
Treasure, by Thomas Vicary, Sergeant Chyrur-
gion to King Henry VIII., &c. &c., in which are
given forms for "Water of Philosophers," "A
Water that will make one to see, that did never
see," "Doctor Stevens Water," "An Ointment
334
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2«d s. N« 43., OCT. 25. '56.
called the Gift of God," " To make a Plaister tliat
Sir William Ferringto\i let a Squire that was his
Prisoner goe for, quite without ransome," &c. &c.
I will only mention one more work to enlarge
our glimpse at the medical practice of former
times, and this is Select Observations on English
Bodies of Eminent Persons in desperate Diseases,
by Mr. John Hall, Physician, who married Shak-
speare's daughter. The remedies in some cases
will amuse your readers. For example :
" John Ernes of Alcester, aged 15, was cured of p g
in bed thus: take the Windpipe of a Cock dried, and
made into powder, and with Crocus Martis given in a
rear Egg every morning."
" Mrs. Hall of Stratford, my Wife *, being miserably
tormented with the cholick, and appointed to inject "a
Pint of Sack, made hot. This presently brought forth a
great deal of Wind, and freed her from" all Pain."
The case of " Mr. Drayton, an excellent Poet,
labouring of a Tertian," is given ; and that of
" Elizabeth Hall, my only Daughter," whom he
mentions visiting London in April, 1624, and
taking cold on her return home ; Mr. Q.ueeny,
Mrs. Combs, the only son of Mr. Holy- oak (which
framed the Dictionary}, with many other interest-
ing names, and singular treatment for their various
ailments. H. B., F.R.C.S.
Warwick.
BLOOD THAT WILL NOT WASH OUT.
(2nd S. i. 374. 419. 461. 501.)
All arguments on this subject, pro and con, are
not worth a rush, which are founded on the sup-
posed fact that the stain on the floor of the small
dark chamber in Holyrood Palace is caused by
the blood of David Rizzio. The thing was always
treated as a hoax by Sir Walter Scott ; and he
makes it the foundation of a very pleasant little
anecdote, in the introductory chapter to the
Second Series of the Chronicles of the Canongate.
Chambers too, and there can scarcely be a higher
authority on such a point as this, asserts that the
statement is a traditionary absurdity ; since the
boards are comparatively modern, the floor which
is now in existence not having been laid down
till long after the murder of Rizzio. The old floor
was worn out ; the present floor supplies its place.
How the stain was made I know not. I do not,
for a moment, believe it was caused by the blood
of a human being ; perhaps by the blood of a pig
or a bullock, very likely not by blood at all. The
show-apartments at Holyrood are a perfect mu-
seum of spurious relics. Not long ago (perhaps it
is the case to this day) a set of armour was ex-
hibited as having been used by Henry Darnley,
which it is a physical impossibility he ever could
have worn. But worse than this; there was a
* Susanna Shakspeare.
block of marble which was stated to have been
the seat on which Mary Queen of Scots sat at her
coronation, — an event, by the way, which took
place at Stirling, when Mary was only between,
eight and nine months old : this same block having
been originally introduced into the kitchen at
Hamilton Palace by a French cook for the pur-
pose of kneading his pastry on it ; from which
place it was subsequently ejected as being too
cumbrous, and was then transported to Holyrood,
when it was at once unblushingly dubbed " the
coronation stone of Queen Mary."
On the general question : I do not believe that
stains made by human blood will not wash out
solely and expressly because they are made by
human blood. Spill the blood of a man or a pig
on soft wood, or porous stone, and in a very few
hours it will sink so deeply in, that nothing but a
plane or a chisel can eradicate the stain ; but spill
the blood on close-grained wood or hard stone,
and, even if it is allowed to remain there for some
time, the stain will wash clean out at once, whether
it is caused by the blood of a man or a pig.
HENRY KENSINGTON.
"GOD SAVE THE KING."
(2nd S. ii. 96. 137.)
A serious illness has prevented my earlier
noticing DR. RIMBAULT'S remark on my Note
touching the real composer of this tune. Since
that note was written, Mr. Richard Clark has
been gathered to his fathers ; and Dr. John Bull's
melody will probably soon pass into other hands,
and appear before the public in its original and
authentic shape. Any doubt respecting the origin
of an old tune may be fairly considered to have
arisen from the fact that there exists no authentic
transcript of the composer: for example, had
there been no authentic publication of the canon
tune, composed by Tallis for Archbishop Parker,
who could have believed that that tune, as pub-
lished in modern days, was a tune of the Tudor
epoch? Dr. Crotch, in illustrating the church
music of Thomas Morley of 1590, committed a
very grave mistake in printing any music of that
date in two-minim time, i. e. one semibreve in the
bar; for no such time was then known in the
Church, and, as a consequence, no such quick
action or re-action of the scale then existed. My
point was this : that Dr. Crotch had mistaken
music of the Georgian period for music of the
Tudor, — a period of 140 years. DR. RIMBAULT
thereupon comes to the rescue of Dr. Crotch, and
affirms I have made a " ludicrous mistake," for this
period was in fact only 120 years ; and he comes
armed with proof — his copy of the Cheque-book
of the Chapel Royal. He says, "you describe
William Morley of 1740, whereas he died nineteen
2nd S. NO 43., OCT. 25. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
335
years before, in 1721." It so happens, I knew
DR. RIMBAULT had this copy of the Cheque-book ;
and although I had found 1740 affixed to William
Morley 's chant, desiring to be very correct, I took
the pains of consulting DR. RIMBAULT himself.
In his biographical notices prefixed to his pub-
lished collection of chants, DR. RIMBAULT asserts,
that William Morley graduated in 1715, published
some songs in 1720; and concludes his notice in
these words : " He (i. e. William Morley) is sup-
posed to have died about 1738." Now, as the
Chapel Royal men live for ever, and no speculator
in reversions can ever be induced to touch a life
insurance from such a quarter, I thought 1740 an
early date for this man's death, and trusted im-
plicitly to DR. RIMBAULT. In matters of title-
pages and verifications of dates, I have been in the
habit always of trusting DR. RIMBAULT. I have not
copied the Cheque-book : I should as soon think
of copying the cheque-book of the Royal British
Bank. In return for this childlike faith of mine in
DR. RIMBAULT'S statements touching title-pages
and dates, he comes forward and declares I have
blindly fallen into the ditch, forgetting that he
himself led me there : for, says he, William Mor-
ley died about 1738. This is DR. RIMBAULT'S
gratitude. A well-known definition of gratitude
makes it consist in " a lively sense of favours to
come" DR. RIMBAULT will never more have an
opportunity of thus showing his gratitude, for I
shall never more place any reliance on either his
title-pages or his dates. I notice that Dr. Boyce
prints this chant, attributed to William Morley,
in breves and semibreves. Can DR. RIMBAULT
give any manuscript authority for this chant of
the date of 1720 ? H. J. GAUNTLETT.
8. Powys Place, Oct. 14, 1856.
t0
< New England Queries (2nd S. ii. 108.) •— The
highly interesting account of Virginia, mentioned
as amongst the Birch and Sloane MSS., was pub-
lished in 1849, with the following title :
"The Historic of Travaile into Virginia Britannia;
expressing the Cosmographie and Commodities of the
Country, together with the Manners and Customes of the
People. Gathered and observed as well by those who
went first thither, as collected by William Strachej', Gent.,
the first Secretary of the Colony. Now first edited from
the Original Manuscript in the British Museum, by R. H.
Major, Esq., of the British Museum. London : Printed
for the Hakluyt Society."
Vox.
The Caramagnolles (2nd S. ii. 269.) — One of
the old rebel airs, or as they were styled " Cara-
magnolles," was set upon the church bells at the
old cathedral church at Chamounix, which was
destroyed in the late conflagration there. I will
be happy to send you the notation of the air, as
I took it down carefully on hearing the chime.
The bells were only chimed on the eve of saints'
days, and on children's funerals. The air was of a
light character, and, on questioning the propriety
of such a chime on the solemn occasion of a fune-
ral, the peasants' reply was, — "We are rejoiced
at the child's going to Heaven!" How simple,
how beautiful ! REX.
Dublin.
Tyzach Family (2nd S. i. 271.) — In Hodgson's
Hist, of Northumberland, it is stated, so far as I
recollect, that this family was of Flemish origin ;
and that the founder of it settled in Northumber-
land or Durham in the reign of our Edward III.
I cannot speak positively, as I have not the book
at hand for reference. Tyzach is a not uncom-
mon name in Northumberland, and it is not im-
probable that this family may have introduced the
glass manufacture on the banks of the Tyne.
HENRY T. RILEY.
Hops (2nd S. ii. 243.) — If your correspondent
MR. YEOWELL will look into the Northumberland
Household Booh, item 22, he will find frequent
mention made of " Hopps," as being used for
brewing, in England, in the year 1512; and I
have little doubt that they were similarly used
some years before that period. Another version
of the distich quoted, is as follows :
" Hops, pickerel, and beer,
Came into England, all in one year —
meaning the year 1532. It is not improbable
that it was in this year that beer, t. e. malt liquor
hopped, was first imported from abroad', and that
the old rhymer, in his ignorance, was led to be-
lieve that this was the period also of our first ac-
quaintance with hops. HENRY T. RILEY.
G. W. J. pronounces me wrong in concluding
that " hope tymbre " refers to hop poles, and con-
siders that it more probably refers to underwood for
making hoops. Why ? Were "hoops" rather than
" hops " the staple commodity of Kent ? L. B. L.
Showers of Wheat (2nd S. ii. 289.) — The fol-
lowing extract, from Mrs. Loudon's British Wild
Flowers (p. 185.), seems sufficiently to account for
the fall of seeds like wheat, " but softer, greener,
and mealier."
" The seeds of ivy, when deprived of the pulpy
matter which surrounds them, bear considerable resem-
blance to grains of wheat ; and hence the numbers which
are sometimes found lying about are supposed to have
given rise to the stories of wheat being rained from the
clouds, which were once so popular."
EDEN WARWICK.
Birmingham.
Clarence : Lady Jane Grey (2nd S. ii. 221. 297.)
-— The story related of tady Jane Grey by Mr.
336
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd g. NO 43., OCT. 25. '56.
H. Moody, on Sir O. Mosley's authority, appears
to have been true of Mary Queen of Scots. Speak-
ing of the Earl of Shewsbury's expenses at Tut-
bury, ann. 1569, Strype says :
"In this castle this noble Earl had Mary Queen of
Scots in custody ; which, whatsoever public allowance he
had, was extraordinary expensive to him. And, among
other things provided, the wine only amounted to a con-
siderable charge; for, when she bathed, she bathed in
wine," &c. — Annals of Reform., temp. Eliz. ch. 53.
Probably Mr. Moody wrote " Lady Jane Grey "
by mistake. J. SANSOM.
" Par ternis suppar" (2nd S. ii. 189.)— The
title of Lord Northwick was first conferred in
1797, when the union of Great Britain and Ire-
land was in contemplation. Hence a motto which
should imply, "Two are good, but three are
better," would be well-timed. There may be an
allusion to Eccles. iv. 12. :
" If one prevail against him, two shall withstand him ;
and a threefold cord is not soon broken."
The device adopted by Louis XIV, a sun, with
the motto " Hec pluribus impar," alone a match
for all the world in arms, will occur as analogous.
T. C.
Durham.
Derwentwater Family (2nd S. i. 153.)— As to
the heir of this family, I can say nothing ; but I
remember being pointed out in the North of
England, a short time since, a person who bears
the family name, and is generally reputed to be a
descendant, through an illegitimate son, of the un-
fortunate Earl of Derwentwater. I have little
doubt, that there are several other persons, simi-
larly connected with him, to be found in the
neighbourhood of North or South Shields.
HENRY T. RILEY.
Illustrations of the Simplon (2nd S. ii. 211.) —
The work inquired for by H. J. is probably the
very beautiful series of coloured engravings illus-
trating the passage of Mount Simplon, published,
I think at Geneva, about the year 1815, for I
purchased it there in 1816. The author's name,
if I remember rightly, was Lory. The work I
am well acquainted with. It begins with the
Borromean Islands in the Lake Major, and gives
a series of views accurately drawn, and exquisitely
coloured, of the great road over the Simplon,
ending with the approach to Doino D'Ossola. It
is a large folio volume. F. C. H.
" Great events from little causes spring " (2nd S.
ii. 43.) — The act to recharter the first bank of
the United States was defeated by the casting
vote of Vice-president Clinton (ex-officio Presi-
dent of the Senate), and the Tariff Act of 1846
was ordered to be engrossed by the casting vote
of Vice-president Dallas. BAR-POINT.
Philadelphia.
English Pronunciation of Latin (2nd S. i. 151.)—
Dr. Russell, of the Charterhouse, used to have the
credit of introducing the new system of pronun-
ciation here spoken. I certainly think that the
eg-o, of this system, is greatly to be preferred to
the ee-go of former times. A scholar who accus-
toms himself to it will be less likely to forget his
quantities. HENRY T. RILEY.
Gamage Family (2nd S. ii. 48.) — After the con-
quest of Glamorganshire by Fitzhamon and his
twelve knights, the lordship of Coity fell to the
share of Sir Paine Turbeville, and in process of
time it was inherited, in default of male heirs, by
Sir William Gamage, whose mother was fourth
daughter of Sir Richard Turbeville. Sir W.
Gamage's grandfather was Sir Robert Gamage,
son of Paine Gamage, lord of the manor of Ro-
giade, in the co. of Monmouth.
In a note by Sir Samuel Rush Meyrick to his
Heraldic Visitations of Lewis Dwnn, vol. i. p. 219.,
he says :
" Coity is a parish in Glamorganshire, near the town of
Bridgend. There still exist considerable remains of the
castle which belonged to Sir Thos. Gamage. Hip daughter
Catherine, by Margaret St. John, married Sir Thos.
Stradling of St. Donat's, high sheriff for Glamorganshire
in 1548, and his daughter Margaret became the second
wife of William, first Lord Howard of Effingham, who
died 1624."
Probably in The Stradling Correspondence, pub-
lished by Rev. John M. Traherne, further par-
ticulars may be found. The name of Gamage is
still common in Glamorganshire, especially in the
neighbourhood of Coity. C. C.
Custom at Dunchurch Church (2nd S. ii. 266.) —
R. W. B. asks whether the custom he witnessed
at Dunchurch was practised elsewhere. I dis-
tinctly recollect being at Acton church, in Che-
shire, nearly twenty years ago, and seeing the
same practised there. One of the churchwardens,
or the apparitor, I forget which, went round the
church during service, with a long wand in his
hand, and if any of the congregation were asleep,
they were instantly awoke by a tap on the head.
On mentioning it to a friend at the time, I was
told it was the usual custom. I cannot, however,
say whether it is still practised. G. W. N.
The Hollies, Wilmslow.
Enlightenment (2nd S. ii. 211.) — A. C. M. asks,
" What objection can lexicographers have to this
word ? " I cannot conceive any. Formations in
-ment, -hood, -ness, $•<?., are discretionary, and do
not require the authority of a dictionary. The
word enlightenment is new : one for which the dic-
tionaries referred to found no authority. It is
now in common use : sanctioned by writers well
acquainted with the mechanism of their own lan-
guage. I have two examples before me : one in
2"d S. NO 43., OCT. 25. '56.]
NOTES AND QUEEIES.
337
this month's Fraser (p. 448.), by the writer of
an ingenious paper " On Shakspeare and his
County ; " and the other in the last Edinburgh
Review, by the castigator of the author of " Per-
version."
Dr. Hyde Clarke has the word in his copious
little Dictionary. Q.
Bloomsbury.
Rowe, Serjeant- at- Law (2nd S. ii. 308.) — Allow
me to refer TEE BEE to Dugdale's Chronica
Series at the end of his Origines Juridiciales, and
to Wynne's Serjeant-at-Law, for lists of the ser-
jeants of the time of Henry VIII. There he will
find that John Roe was called Serjeant in the se-
cond year of that reign, 1510 ; and that no other
of the name received the degree of the coif during
its continuance. The Serjeant's arguments in
court are reported in the Year Booh, and by Dyer
as late as the thirty- second year, 1540. His name
is variously spelled in the Reports.
This is the John Roo, of whom it is narrated
that having composed a " disguisyng " in his
youth, it was performed twenty years after, in
Christm^L 1526, at Gray's Inn ; and that, from its
supposecr^olitical tendency, it gave such offence
to Cardinal Wolsey, that he sent the author to
the Fleet Prison, and deprived him of his coif,
and rebuked and threatened the young gentlemen
who acted in it. By means of friends, however,
the cardinal was at last appeased, and the ser-
jeant, being delivered from his incarceration, was
restored to his legal honours. See Hall's Chro-
nicle (1809), p. 719. EDWARD Foss.
Burial in Unconsecrated Ground (1st S. v. 320.
&c.) — I enclose a newspaper cutting, which I
have just lighted upon, and cannot find that any
of your correspondents on this subject have
hitherto noticed this peculiarly remarkable case.
" The following eccentric directions for his funeral are
contained in the will of the late Sir Charles Hastings,
Bart., who died in 1823: 'I desire my body may be
opened after my death, and buried without a coffin, upon
the Grove Hill, on a spot marked by me, wrapped up in
either woollen or oil-cloth, or any such perishable ma-
terials as will keep my body together until deposited in
my grave by six of my most deserving poorest labourers,
to whom one pound each will be given, free from the
legacy tax. And several acorns to be planted over my
grave, that one good tree may be chosen and preserved,
and that I may have the satisfaction of knowing that
after my death my body may not be quite useless, but
serve to rear a good English oak. The tree to be weeded
and watered by the established gardener, who must every
now and then be rewarded by a trifle.' "
C. W. BlNGHAM.
Aneroid (2nd S. i. 114.) —This word, I believe,
is derived from &/eu, " without," and pew, " to flow :"
because the instrument acts by the agency of
springs, and not of fluids,— such as spirits of wine
or mercury. HENRY T. RILEY.
Priests' Hiding-places (2nd S. i. 488., &c.) —
Two small chambers of this description were dis-
covered a few years since in the roof of Har-
borough Hall, a very interesting half-timber
house midway between Hagley and Kidderminster.
CUTHBERT BEDE, B.A.
Sir Guy the Seeker (2nd S. ii. 289.) —This poem,
written by M. G. Lewis, was first published in his
Romantic Tales, 4 vols. 1808. It is reprinted in
Richardson's Local Historian's Table Book, Le-
gendary Division, vol. ii. I have a spare copy of
it printed separate, which I shall be glad to send
to R. G. if he will favour me with his address.
WM. DODD.
5. Bigg Market, Newcastle.
Horse-talk (2nd S. i. 335. 395. 439.) — I am
told that the Dutch boor at the Cape, after loading
his beast with all sorts of epithets and terms of
reproach, usually finishes off by calling him an
Arminian ! — a curious instance of the extent to
which the odium theologicum may be allowed to
proceed. E. H. A.
Bow or Bay Windows (2nd S. ii. 174.) — The
MS. you refer to contains a notice of other bay
windows in Henry VII.'s palace at Richmond.
For instance, the king's chambers are described
as —
" Enhaunged all thre wh riche and costely clothes of
Arras ; celyd, whightlymyd, and chekeryd, as the closet
was before discryvyd w' their goodly bay windowes
glasid set out."
There is an error in your quotation ; the ori-
ginal speaks of " riche and goodly plate of gold
and of silver and gilte," not " regilte."
I may add that the whole MS. is printed in the
second volume of the Antiquarian Repertory ; but
the quotations now made have been compared by
me (by the kind permission of one of the officers)
with the original MS. (1st M. 13. fo, 64 B.) in the
College of Arms. W. C.
Richmond.
How to frighten Dogs (2nd S. ii. 278.) — The
sudden adoption of some unusual or grotesque
attitude will often succeed in frightening dogs as
well as other fierce animals. Waterton relates his
own marvellous escape from a herd of buffaloes in
South America by an expedient of this kind. A
man still living related to me an adventure of his
own, which may be useful to know. He had to
cross a narrow bridge, and a savage dog appeared
at the other end, whom it seemed impossible to
escape. With great presence of mind he fixed
his eye steadily upon the dog, and gradually
lowered his head and shortened his figure by
crouching down low with his hands on his knees.
The dog stood still, and seemed astonished, when
the man began stamping hard with his $?et, and in
338
NOTES AND QUERIES.
S. N° 43., OCT. 25. '56.
this attitude advanced towards the dog, making all
the noise he could witkhis feet ; but the moment
he began to march thus beating time, the dog
turned away and ran off in a perfect fright.
F. C. H.
N. Byfield (2nd S. ii. 211.) — Nicholas Bifield's
son, Adonirum, republished the whole of his
father's treatises in a 12mo. vol. of 767 pages
in 1628. The fifth treatise ends at p. 639., and in
the following page he makes an apology why
The Principles or Patterne of Wholesome Words
is not produced. On the very next page he gives
the title of the missing treatise at full length, as
the third edition. On the lack of this title he oddly
enough prints the following : " This is the Title
of the Treatise mentioned in the advertizement :
The Treatise itself ought to follow in this place."
The next page (being the 643rd) commences with
the last treatise: "The Cure of theFeare of Death."
The omission of the treatise in question from
this edition may account for Adonirum Byfield
bringing out The Principles, or The Patterne of
Wholesome Words (as named in the editor's note)
in a fifth edition, in 1634.
Your correspondent KARL may wish to know
something of Nicholas Byfield, or Bifield. He
was born in Warwickshire, and educated at Exeter
College, Oxford. He preached at Chester for
seven years, from whence he removed to Isle-
worth, in Middlesex, where he remained until his
death in 1622. Pie was a Calvinist, and a very
voluminous writer. In Neal's History of the
Puritans, it is stated that they (the Puritans) lost
an eminent practical writer and preacher about
1622, meaning Nicholas Byfield. His son, Ado-
nirum, was one of the heroes in Butler's Hudibras.
GERVAS K. HOLMES.
Count Vilain Quatorze (2nd S. i. 232.) —Upon
a deputation of Sruxettois waiting upon Louis
XIV. (shortly after the bombardment by Marshal
Luxembourg, I think,) he granted M. Yilain, who
was at the head of the deputation, the privilege of
thenceforth calling himself " Quatorze," in com-
pliment to the monarch. The story is, that on
learning his name, the king made an aside to his
attendants : " Oui, et tres vilain" (" Yes, and very
ugly,") making a pun upon the name as reflecting
upon the looks of the owner. This is how I have
heard the story told at Brussels ; but some of
your correspondents who have it fresher in their
memories may be able to tell it better.
HENRY T. RILEY.
St. Peter's Tribe (1" S. x. 207. ; 2nd S. ii. 299.) —
There can be no reasonable doubt that St. Peter
was of the tribe of Napthali, since he lived at
Bethsaida, situated within the territory of that
tribe ; and one of an occupation so humble would
not be likely to have removed thither from any
other tribe. F. C. H.
" Pence a piece " (2nd S. ii. 66. 118. 299.) — As
an expression somewhat analogous to this, I may
mention that it was the custom of an eminent
Scotch professor, who flourished towards the close
of the eighteenth century, to use the term, " a
penny money." Thus, " What did you give the
poor beggar?" "A penny money." Vox.
Fairies (2nd S. i. 393.; ii. 119.) — The belief in
fairies still exists among some parts of the rural
population of this county (Somerset). Being in
the neighbourhood of Blagdon, not long since,
a poor woman said to me, pointing to a hill,
"that's the hill, Sir, where the fairies come to
dance." " Indeed," said I, " and have you ever
seen them dancing there ?," " No, but and
— - — have seen them there lots of times, and I can
show you the fairy rings." Vox.
Sources d'Eaux at Buda ^ (2nd S. ii. 218.) —
MR. CHARNOCK having inquired of me whether
the extraordinary " sources d'eaux " at Buda,
described by La Martiniere, as quoted by Wagen-
seil, are still in existence, I note his Query with-
out being able to afford him any information,
except that I neither saw, nor heard dfc them.
There can, however, I think, be but little doubt,
presuming the learned professor has given the
passage correctly in his Synops. Geo., that the
author of the Dictionnaire Geographique was in
error, for although fish are often found in water
of a considerable degree of temperature, they
cannot live in " eau bouillante." Fish are some-
times thrown up by the boiling springs of Iceland,
but they are always dead. JOHN A. BOASE.
Alverton Yean, Penzance.
Medlars introduced into England (2nd S. ii. 173.)
— This fruit is mentioned by Chaucer (Prologue
to Reves Tale) under a name more descriptive
than decent. He alludes, moreover, to its being
eaten in a state of decay : —
" That ilke fruit is ever lenger the wers,
Till it be roten in mullok or in stre.
We olde men, I drede, so faren we
Till we be roten can we not be ripe."
As Bosworth, in his Anglo-Saxon Dictionary,
gives the same name for this fruit, it was evi-
dently known in Anglo-Saxon times. I have
heard it so called by old men in Norfolk. The
Eeve is described by Chaucer as a Norfolk
man:
" Of Norfolk was this reve, of which stell,
Beside a toun men clepen Baldeswell."
And more than one instance of Norfolk dialect
may be found in his language. E. G. R.
Twenty-four Shares (1st S. xii. 427. ; 2nd S. i.
159.) — Under Spanish mining law in Old Spain,
Mexico, and South America, mines are divided into
twenty-four parts. KAPPA.
2nd s. N° 43., OCT. 25. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
339
The Christian Sodality : or, Catholic Hive of
Bees (1st S. xii. 469.) — The late Mr. John Gage-
Kokewode, in his History of Hcngrave, p. 235.,
remarks of John, youngest son of John Gage,
Esq., of Haling, in Croydon, that he was Sn priest's
orders, and said to be the author of the above-
named book. Will J. A., of Norwich, oblige me
by saying whether the preface gives any indica-
tion of John Gage having been the author ?
G. STEINMAN STEINMAN.
Brewer's Witt (2nd S. ii. 249.) — In answer to
HUMILIS, I beg to inform him, that there was a
large barrel of ale stood in the High Street of
Hoddesdon, Herts ; with an iron pot chained to
a post, for any passer-by to drink. It was the
bequest of a brewer in the town of Hoddesdon,
named Christian Catherow. Some time after his
decease, it was a cask of good ale, then it got to
table beer, and, at last, done away with altogether,
now about fifteen years ; from what cause I cannot
say. WM. SPOONER.
Stamford Hill.
The direction to keep a cask of ale on the
public road for the free use of all travellers is
still attended to at Rickmersworth. The cask is
placed every morning at the foot of the hill lead-
ing out of that town, on the road to Watford.
JOHN G. MORTEN.
Hour-glass in the Pulpit, and Hugh Peters (2nd
S. i. 204.) — Your correspondent T. H. P. is mis-
taken in his suggestion, that this picture is a "new
antiquity," and dates with the reprint of the Tales,
SfC., 1807. The original print, of which this is a
correct copy, is to be found prefixed to the Life
of Hugh Peters, by Dr. Young, 1663.
HENRY T. RILEY.
Can Fish be tamed f (2nd S. ii. 173. 235. 297.)—
That fish can be rendered sufficiently tame to
come when called, and to follow their owner
round the pond's edge in expectation of food, is
so well known as scarcely to deserve a Note : but
as it seems to interest some of your correspon-
dents, I may state from personal observation, that
sticklebacks and minnows, in a vivarium, will
come when I tap on the glass, and rise to take a
worm out of my fingers. EDEN WARWICK.
Birmingham.
William Dunlap (2nd S. ii. 129.) — The date of
Mr. Dunlap's death was September 28, 1839. An
account of his life, with some extracts from his
writings, may be found in Duyckinck's Cyclopcedia
of American Literature, vol. i. UNEDA.
Philadelphia.
O" Kelly, the Irish Bard (2nd S. ii. 239.)— Add
to the notices of this worthy, that in Lockhart's
Life of Scott (p. 562. cap. Ixiii., People's edit.)
P. J. F. GANTILLON.
Christian Names (2nd S. i. 29.) — The letters
between the first names and the surnames are the
initials of the middle names, thus: George W.
Jones means George Washington Jones ; David
P. Brown means David Paul Brown, or David
Peacock Brown. Is this abbreviation unknown
in England and peculiar to the United States ?
J. H. CHATEAU.
St. Louis, Mo.
" Like Madame HasseVs Feast" (2nd S. i. 313.)
— This proverb is changed only in name in Ire-
land. In Dublin I have heard it repeated when
there was but a spare dinner, and was informed
that it originated at the table of a Mrs. Casely,
who kept a boarding-house in Mountjoy Square.
In helping the last morsel from the joint, or
spoonful from her spare dish, she was accustomed
to say, "Well, I declare; just enough and none
to spare," as a sort of gentle hint to a half-filled
stomach not to crave for more. GEORGE LLOYD.
Beats of the Drum, (2nd S. i. 94.) •— • One version
of the retreat here mentioned is —
" Beat up a larum, and go to bed Tom."
HENRY T. RILEY.
" Standing in another's Shoes " (2nd S. ii. 187.)
— Reputed conversation of the Queen (Anne
Boleyn) with Norris, vide Froude's History of
England, vol. ii. 467. :
«« ' Many,' the Queen said, « I bade him do so, for I
asked him why he went not through with his marriage ;
and he made answer that he would tarry a time. Then 1
said, you look for dead men's shoes, for if aught come to the
king but good, you would look to have me. And he said
if he should have any such thought, he would his head
were off. And then she said she could undo him if she
would. And therewith they fell out."
E. H. A.
Symlols of Saints (2nd S. ii. 288.) — The female
figure described by Y. B. N. J. represents St. Ca-
therine of Sienna, Virgin, of the Order of St. Do-
minic, who died in 1380. The letters J. N. R.
are intended for the writing over the cross, Jesus
Nazarenus Rex Judoeorum, the last letter J. being
probably concealed by the flowers. There is a
painting by Murillo of St. Rose of Lima, some-
what resembling this, as the saint is crowned with
thorns, but she holds a rose, on which is the figure
of our Blessed Saviour. A useful work for con-
sultation on these subjects is the Emblems of
Saints, by which they are distinguished in Works of
Art, published by Burns and Lambert. F. C. H.
Fagot, in the Sense of Food (2nd S. i. 147.) —
These balls of savoury meat (not offal) are to be
seen in all the shops for the sale of comestibles in
Brussels. The envelope, as your correspondent
says, is caul fat; but, unfortunately, I am not
acquainted with the name by which they are
known, HENRY T. RILET.
340
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd s. N« 43., OCT. 25. '56.
NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.
We have from Messrs. Chapman and Hall a volume
entitled Seven Lectures on Shakspeare and Milton, by
the late S. T. Coleridge, a List of all the MS. Emenda-
tions in Mr. Collier's Folio, 1632, with an Introductory
Preface, by J. Payne Collier, Esq. The book, we have
no doubt, will be received with great satisfaction both by
the admirers of the "old man eloquent," and by the
lovers of Shakspeare and Milton. It will be received also
with great interest by the friends of Mr. Collier, a gen-
tleman who numbers many friends, the most attached
being those who have known him longest. It is prin-
cipally with this, so to speak, personal character of the
book that we are interested. An act of friendship to the
editor of this journal (one only of many received by him
from Mr. Collier), namely, the communication made to
" N. & Q." of his Notes of Coleridge's Lectures on Shak-
speare, was made the ground of an attack upon Mr. Collier,
so far beyond the limits of legitimate criticism that he
was driven to apply to the Court of Queen's Bench upon
the subject. The Lord Chief Justice delivered an opinion
highly complimentary to Mr. Collier. He thought further
proceedings unnecessary, on the ground that Mr. Collier's
character was above suspicion. The pamphlet containing
the charges has been withdrawn from circulation. It
exists, however, and future bookworms will unearth it ;
and it is well, therefore, that there should be in the hands
of the literary men of ages to come so satisfactory an
answer to it as that contained in the Introduction to the
work before us. How glad should we be if the writer of
the pamphlet in question would make some amends to
Mr. Collier, by withdrawing charges which he must now
be satisfied were unfounded, and so prove that he is as
ready to acknowledge an error made by himself, as he is
sharp and acute in the detection of those committed by
others.
The New Number of The Quarterly Review opens with
a very able article on Bacon's Essays, and the last edition
of them by Archbishop Whately, which is followed by
others of a varied and generally amusing character: such
as those on the New Biographies of Montaigne, Ancient
Rome, The Nuns of Port Royal. There wi'll be found
much interesting matter in that on the Physiognomy of
the Human Race, and much common sense in that on
Church Building. With the political articles we have
nothing to do here.
We are glad to have the opportunity of directing the
attention of our Norfolk and Suffolk friends to a work of no
small merit from the pen of Mr. C. J. Palmer of Yarmouth,
The History of Great Yarmouth, designed as a Continua-
tion of Manship's History of that Town. It is another
valuable addition to local archaeology: for while it gives
the history of a municipal town eminent for its station, it
illustrates the general history of the empire, and shows
the influence both of national and provincial laws and cus-
toms upon society. It is illustrated with engravings of
merchant-marks and tradesmen's tokens; of some very
remarkable bosses, and an ancient mural painting in
Yarmouth Church, together with a Photographic copy of
King John's charter to the borough, to which we have
before alluded.
BOOKS RECEIVED. — A Few Hours with Scott, being
Sketches in the way of Supplement to the Two Poems of The
Lord of the Isles and of Rokeby. Written with "much
feeling and taste, and a strong sense of Scott's peculia-
rities.
The Churches of Essex architecturally Described and
Illustrated, by George Buckler. Six Parts of this new
contribution to Essex Topography are now issued. The
work is so arranged as to interest both the architect and
the antiquary.
Scripture Breviates, arranged for Use by the Bed of
Sickness. By the Rev. George Arden. This, and the
following works, can only be named by us : —
M. Tullii Ciceronis Tuscularum, Disputationum Libri
Quinque, and Short Notes to the Odes, Epodes, Satires,
Epistles, and Ars Poetica of Horace; being two new
Parts of Parker's Pocket Classics.
The Farm of Aplonga, a Story for Children of the Times
of St. Cyprian, by the Rev. J, M. Neale.
Marvels of the Globe, Two Lectures on the Structure and
Physical Aspects of the Earth, by W. Sidney Gibson.
Woman's Life, or the Trials of Caprice, a Novel, by
Emilie Carlen.
The Barber's Shop, by R. W. Procter, with Illustrations
by W. Morton. Entirely a Manchester production, even
to the woodcuts.
BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES
WANTED TO PURCHASE.
MABRYAT'S (Jos.) HISTORY OP POTTERY AND PORCELAIN. 8vo. Murray.
*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, cm-ridge free, to be
PUblisherS °f "*0*ES AND
Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct to
the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and ad-
dresses are given for that purpose :
CCJRI.ICISM DISPLAYED. London. 12mo. 1718.
THE CURLIAD. 12mo. London, 1729.
KEY TO THE DUNCIAD. 12ino. London, 1729.
DITTO DITTO Second Edition. )729.
DITTO DITTO Third Edition. 1/29.
Wanted by William J. Thorns, Esq., 25. Holywell Street, Millbank,
Westminster.
CHURCHILL. 3 Vols. Aldine Poets.
THOMSON. 2 Vols. ditto.
SIIAKSPEARE'S POEMS. ditto.
Wanted by W. F. Graham, 32. Richmond Road, Islington, London.
LEIOH HUNT'S COMIC DRAMATISTS OP THE RESTORATION.
CHRISTIAN RETIREMENT. Fifth Edition. 12mo. 1830. Seeley.
Wanted by Charles F. Blackburn, Bookseller, Leamington.
HONE'S EVERY DAY BOOK AND TABLE BOOK. Tegg. 1835. Parts 6 7
12, 13, 14, 15, 16. 19. 22, 23, 24, 25, 2(i, 27. 36, 37.
HONE'S YEAR BOOK. Tegg. Parts 8. 9. 11. 13.
Wanted by R. W. Hackwood, 16. Cottage Grove, Mile End Road.
fhtftcesi 10
OXONIENSIS. The lino
" Fine by degrees and beautifully less "
is from Prior's Henry and Emma; and the other quotation inquired after
is from Hamlet, Act. I. Sc. 4.
SIR EDMUND ANDROS. We have, a letter for our Correspondent C. A.,
whose article appeared in " N. &, Q." for October 4. Where shall we
forward it ?
B. N. C. (Oxford.) The Notes on the Carmina Quadragesimalia will
be vert/ acceptable.
" NOTES AND QCJERIKS " it published at noon on Friday, so that the
Country Booksellers may receive Copies in, that night's parcels, and
deliver them to their Subscribers on the Saturday.
INDEX TO THE FIRST SERIES. As this is now published, and the im-
pression is a limited one, such of our readers as desire copies ivoidd do
well to intimate their wish to their respective booksellers without dela,;/.
Our publiahers, MESSRS. BELL £ DALDY, will forward copies by post on
receipt of a Post Office Order for Five Shillings.
" NOTES AND QUERIES " is also issued in Monthly Parts, for the con-
rcnicnce of those who may either have a difficult!/ in procuring the tin-
stamped weekly Numbers, or prefer receiving it monthly. While parties
resident in the country or abroad, who may be desirous of_ receiving the
)'•,-(/•/// Numbers, may have stamped copies forwarded direct from the
Publisher. The subscription for the stamped edition of " NOTKS AND
QUERIES " (including a very copious Index) is eleven shillings and four-
pence for six months, which may be paid by Post Office Order, drawn in
favour of the Publisher, MR. GEO'RQB BELL, No. 186. Fleet Street.
2nd S. NO 44, Nov. 1. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
341
LONDON, SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 1, 1856.
STKAY NOTES ON EDMUND CURLL, HIS LIFE, AND
PUBLICATIONS.
No. 3. — Curll, Pope, and the " Court Poems."
The year 1716 was an unlucky year for Edmund
Curll. The spring of it witnessed his first quarrel
with Pope : and in the autumn —
" Himself among the storied chiefs he spies,
As from the blanket high in air he flies,"
when the Westminster scholars avenged them-
selves upon him in a most characteristic manner
for misprinting an Oration delivered by one of
their body.
Curll's great quarrel with Pope originated —
at least as far as our present knowledge goes —
in the publication of The Court Poems. These
were published by Roberts in March 1716, with
the following title :
"CouRT POEMS, viz. 1. The Basset Table, an
Eclogue. 2. The Drawing Room. 3. The Toilet.
Published faithfully as they were found in a Pocket
Book taken up in Westminster Hall the last day of
the Lord Wintons Trial"
The book contains the following :
"ADVERTISEMENT BY THE BOOKSELLER.
" THE Header is acquainted from the Title Page, how
I came possessed of the following POEMS. All that I
have to add, is, only a word or two concerning their
Author.
" Upon reading them over at S* James's Coffee- House,
they were attributed by the General Voice to be the Pro-
ductions of a LADY of Quality.
" When I produced them at Button's, the Poetical JURY
there brought in a different Verdict; and the Foreman
strenuously insisted upon it, that Mr. GAY was the Man ;
and declar'd, in comparing the Basset Table, with that
Gentleman's PASTORALS, he found the Stile and Turn of
Thought, to be evidently the same ; which cohfirm'd him,
and his Brethren, in the Sentence they had pronounc'd.
" Not content with these Two Decisions, I was resolv'd
to call in an Umpire, and accordingly chose a Gentle-
man of distinguished Merit, who lives not far from Chelsea.
I sent him the Papers; which he return'd me the next
Day, with this Answer :
" ' Sir, Depend upon it, these Lines could come from no
/other Hand, than the LAUDIBLE Translator of HOMER.'
" Thus having impartially given the Sentiments of the
Town, I hope I may deserve Thanks, for the Pains I have
taken, in endeavouring to find out the Author of these
valuable Performances : and every Body is at Liberty to
bestow the Laurel as they please."
Into the history of this book*, or how far it was
* We have had lent to us an edition of The Court
Poems, published in 1719, which we may as well describe,
for the use of future inquirers into their literary history.
It bears the following general title :
" COURT POEMS IN Two PARTS COMPLEAT. To which
are added, 1. Verses upon Prudery. 2. An Epitaph upon
John Hewett and Mary Drew, who were killed by Lightning
the work of Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, or how
far its publication led, as has been alleged, to the
quarrel ^ between her and Pope, we need not now
stop to inquire. Our purpose is only with Curll,
and with his share in its publication, and what
effect such publication had in bringing down upon
him the anger and satire of Pope.
Whether Pope was really annoyed by the ap-
pearance of this volume; or whether he had secretly
promoted it, as has been supposed, and afterwards
endeavoured to divert suspicion from himself, by
assuming an anger which he did not feel, is not
by any means clear. Thus much only we know,
that, having ascertained through Lintot that Curll
had something to do with the publication, al-
though his name does not figure upon the title-
page, he sought an interview with him, and the
memorable scene at the " Swan Tavern," in Fleet
Street, recorded in "A Full and True Account of
a Horrid and Barbarous Revenge by Poison on
the Body of Mr. Edmund Curll, Bookseller ; with
a faithful Copy of his last Will and Testament,"
published in Pope and Swift's Miscellanies, was
the result.
Although the Miscellanies were not published
for many years after this memorable poisoning, it
is obvious that the " Full and True Account" was
written at the time ; and there can be little doubt
that it was based upon some paper published at
that period by Curll himself. That Pope had cir-
culated^ before the 31st March, 1716, some "false
and ridiculous libel," as Oldmixon styles it, upon
the subject, is evident from the following adver-
tisement which appears in The Flying Post, or
the Post Master, of that date : —
" Whereas Mr. Lintot or Mr. Pope, has published a
false and ridiculous libel, reflecting on several gentlemen,
at Stanton Drew in Oxfordshire. By Mr. Pope. London,
printed for R. Burleigh, 1719. Price One Shilling."
This is followed by a second title, which runs thus :
"POPE'S MISCELLANY, viz. 1. The Basset Table. 2. The
Drawing Room. 3. The Toilet. 4. The Looking Glass.
5. The Worms. 6. The First Psalm. Translated for the
use of a Young Lady. Published faithfully, Src. The Se-
cond Edition. London, printed for R. Burleigh, in Amen
Corner. Price Sixpence."
This ends on the 22nd page. We have then a second
title :
"POPE'S MISCELLANY. THE SECOND PART, contain-
ing, 1. The Hyde Park Ramble. 2. The Parson's Daugh-
ter. 3. The Court Ballad. 4. Court Epigrams. To
which is added The Westminster Ballad, or The Earl of
Oxford's Trial. By Mr. Joseph Gay. London, printed
for R. Burleigh, in Amen Corner, 1717. Price Six Pence.
Where may be had the First Part, price 6d."
This part originally ended, that is, when published in
1717, with page 24; at the bottom of which is the word
Finis. But when the new title-page was made up in
1719, a leaf was added containing, on page 25, "The
Verses on Prudery ; " and on page 26, " The Epitaph on
John Hewett and Mary Drew," whose death, as there
stated, took place on the last day of July, 1718.
342
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
NO 44., Nov. 1. '56.
particularly on myself; and it is said therein, that I was
the publisher of certain , verses called Court Poems, and
that I wrote the Preface : I hereby declare, that I never
saw a great part of those Verses, nor ever saw or heard
of the Title or Preface to them till after the Poems were
published.
'« J. OLDHftXON.
" Witness, E. Curll."
Most readers of the Miscellanies have, we dare
say, been of opinion, that " the Full and True Ac-
count " was a mere got-up story against Curll. It
would seem, however, that, whether Pope did or
did not contrive that an emetic potion should be
administered to him, Curll believed, or perhaps
we should rather say pretended to believe, that
the fact was so.
For commenting upon that part of the note in
The Dunciad) book n. line 54, where Pope says
Curll was
" every day extending his fame and enlarging his writ-
ings, witness innumerable instances, but it shall suffice
only to mention The Court Poems, which he meant to pub-
lish as the work of the true writer, a Lady of Quality;
but being first threaten'd and afterwards punish'd for it
"by Mr. Pope, lie generously transferred it from her to
him, and has now printed it twelve years in his name.
The single time that ever he spoke to C. was on this
affiiir, and to that happy incident he owes all the favours
since received from him " : —
Curll gives us in The Curliad the following ac-
count of the transaction.
" The whole of this charge is false, the Matter of Fact
stands thus. About the year 1715, Mr. Joseph Jacobs
(late of Hoxton, the Founder of a Remarkable Sect called
the Whiskers} gave to Mr. John Oldmixon three Poems
at that time banded about, entitled The Basset Table,
The Toilet, and The Drawing Room. These Pieces were
printed in Octavo, and published by Mr. James Roberts,
near the Oxford Arms in Warwick Lane, under the Title
of Court Poems. The Profit arising from the Sale was
equally to be divided between Mr. John Oldmixon, Mr.
John Pemberton (a Bookseller of Parliamentary Note in
Fleet Street, tbo' he lias not bad the good fortune to be
immortalized in the Dunciad), and myself. And I am
sure my Brother Lintot will, if asked, declare this to be
the same state of the Case I laid before Mr. Pope, when
he sent for me to the Sivan Tavern in Fleet Street to en-
quire after tins Publication. My brother Lintot drank
his half Pint of Old Hock, Mr. Pope his half Pint of Sack,
and I the same quantity of an Emetic Potion (which was
the Punishment referred to by our Commentator), but
no threatenings past. Mr. Pope, indeed, said, that Sa-
tires should not be printed (tho' he has now changed
his mind). I ansivered, they should not be wrote, for if
they were, they would be printed. He replied, Mr. 'Gay's
Interest at Court would be greatly hurt by publishing these
Pieces. This was all that passed in our Triumvirate. We
then parted, Pope and my brother Lintot went together,
to his Shop, and I went home and vomited heartily. I
then despised the Action and have since in another man-
ner sufficiently Purged tbe Autbor of it. In tbe Advertise-
ment prefixt to the Court Poems, tbe Hearsay of the
Town is only recited, some attributing them to a Lady of
Quality, others to Mr. Gay, but tbe Country-confirmation
was {Chelsea being named) that the Lines could come
from no other hand than the laudable Translator of Homer.
This is a Demonstration of the Falsehood of our Com-
mentator's Assertion, that any transfer was made, from a
Lady to Mr. Pope, they being originally charged upon
him as his lawful Issue ; and so I shall continue his Fame *,
having lately printed a new Edition of them and added
them to his Letters, which come next under considera-
tion."
And a little further on, after giving an ex-
planation about the 'publication of Pope's Letters^
he proceeds :
" I solemnly declare in the high style of Scriblerus
{Testimonies, Sfe., pp. 11, 12.). If there be living any one
Lady of Quality, yea any one Gentlewoman, let her stand
forth that Truth may appear ! Amicus Pope, Amiens
Scriblerus,' sed magis arnica Veritas. Whensoever I say the
true Owner will claim these Goods following, viz. the
Basset-Table, Toilet, and Furniture of the Drawing Room,
they shall by me be readily given up without an Action
of Trover." '
Having given Curll's account of the publica-
tion of The Court Poems, and of the interview
which he had on the occasion with Pope and Lin-
tot, we should have contented ourselves with a
mere reference to the " Full and True Account "
for Pope's ludicrous, and it must be confessed
somewhat indecent, version of the same story,
but that, though the Miscellanies are not very
difficult to be met with, some readers of " N. & Q."
may like to have a taste of the humour with which
Pope treated this incident. The whole paper is
too long to transcribe, even if parts were not of
such a character as to forbid republication : —
" History furnishes us with Examples of many Saty-
rical Authors who have fallen Sacrifices to Revenge, but
not of any Booksellers that I know of, except the unfor-
tunate Subject of the following Paper; I mean Mr. Ed-
mund Curll, at the Bible and Dial in Fleetstreet, who was
?esterday poison'd by Mr. Pope, after having liv'd many
'ears an Instance of tbe mild Temper of the British
Nation.
" Every Body IUIOAVS that the said Mr. Edmund Curll,
on Monday the 26th Instant, publish'd a Satyrical Piece,
entituled Court Poems, in tbe Preface whereof they were
attributed to a Lady of Quality, Mr. Pope, or Mr. Gay;
by which indiscreet Method, though he had escap'd one
Revenge, the.re were still two behind in reserve.
" Now on the Wednesday ensuing, between the Hours
of Ten and Eleven, Mr. Lintott, a neigbb'ring Bookseller,
desir'd a Conference with Mr. Curll about settling a Title-
Page, inviting him at the same Time to take a Whet
together. Mr. Pope, (who is not tbe only Instance how
Persons of bright Parts may be carry'd away by the In-
stigation of the Devil) found Means to convey himself
into tbe same Room, under pretence of Business with
Mr. Lintott, who it seems is the Printer of his Homer.
This Gentleman, with seeming Coolness, reprimanded i
Mr. Curll for wrongfully ascribing to him the aforesaid i
Poems: He excused himself by declaring that one of his
Authors (Mr. Oldmixon by Name) gave the Copies to the j
Press, and wrote the Preface. Upon this Mr. Pope (being !
to all appearance reconcil'd) very civilly drank a Glass of
Sack to Mr. Curll, which he as civilly pledged ; and tho' j
the Liquor in Colour and Taste differ'd not from common
Sack, yet was it plain by the Pangs this unhappy Sta- '
* This was in 1729. But Curll " continued his Fame,"
for the Court Poems are inserted by him in the 4th volume
of his edition of Mr. Pope's Literary Correspondence in
12mo., 173G.
2nd s. NO 44., Nov. 1. '56.]
NOTES AND QUEEIES.
343
tioner felt soon after, that some poisonous Drug had been
secretly infused therein."
That this story of the " poisoning " was one
by which the town was amused at the time, we
now furnish another proof, in a copy of the follow-
ing broadside on the subject, which will be best
appreciated by those who know the verses ad-
dressed by Pope " To the ingenious Mr. Moore,
Author of the Celebrated Worm Powder." *
"MOORE' WORMS.
" For the learned Mr. Curll, Bookseller,
Who, to be reveng'd on Mr. Pope for his poisonous Erne-
tick, gave him a Paper of Worm-Powder, which caused
that Gentleman to void a strange sort of Worms.
" Oh learned CURLL ! thy skill excels
Ev'n Moore's of Abchurch Lane;
He only genuine worms expels,
To crawl in print for gain.
" From a Wit's brain thou mak'st worms rise,
(Unknown in the worm-evil)
Fops, silkworms, beaus, and butterflies,
With that old worm the Devil.
" Ev'n Button's book-worms shall, with these,
(Like these with dust deeay'd)
In Grub-Street rubbish rest in peace,
Till CUKLLS their peace invade.
" For booksellers vile vipers are,
On brains of Wits they prey :
The very worms they will not spare,
When Wits to worms decay.
" Sharpers we caterpillars call,
And fatal in their bite :
On manors rich they soonest fall,
And thousand acres blight.
" Grave Cits, as buzzing hornets, swarm ;
Their wives, true gadflies, rove :
Old College Dons, in fur wrap'd warm,
Dull creeping beetles prove.
" From worms erect proud coquettes rose,
Yet are but baits for gudgeons :
The rake a stingless drone soon grows,
And grub-worms old curmudgeons.
'^Widows to leaches we compare,
Still sucking, yet want more :
Sly prudes are catsf, that never spare
The cream of human gore.
* In an article in Gent. Mag., vol. xcvii. part i. p. 29.,
by Eu. Hood, on Bezaleel Morrice, we have the following
note :
" Curll published the Minor Poems of Pope on single
folio leaves, which are now of very rare occurrence. In
that manner appeared, in 1719 [sic], the lines « To the
ingenious Mr. Moore, author of the celebrated Worm-
Powder,' with a stanza, which it may be ^fitly hoped was
never afterwards printed. Splendid "talents will catch at
doubtful wit, notwithstanding the proclamation —
« Want of decency is want of wit.' "
Eu. Hood is, however, clearly wrong as to the date of
the first printing of this translation. It will be seen by a
previous note that Burleigh printed it in 1717. — S. N. M.
t " Among the rarities of Gresham College there is a
strange worm Avith a head like a cat, therefore called by
the vertuosi by that animal's name. Travellers report
" Worm-Quacks are spawn'd by 'polhecaries,
As flesh-flies maggots breed :
The several species of them varies ;
But all on mankind feed.
" Ah, CURLL ! * how greedy hast thou fed
(E'er worms gave food to thee)
Upon the late illustrious dead,
With worms of thy degree.
" Why did the venom of a prude f
Allure thy vicious taste?
Safer thou'dst feast on maggots crude,
Or with Tom D'Urfey fast.
" For see ! thy meagre looks declare
Some poison in thee lurks :
Let Bl re ease thy restless care,
Or who shall print his Works ?
" Printed for E. Smith in Cornhill, 1716."
The quarrel which arose from this publication
was not likely to be made up very shortly, and
we will bring this portion of our Notes to a close
with two advertisements which the active and
implacable bookseller directed against Pope. The
following appeared in the Flying Post on the 5th
of April, 1716.
" This day is published,
The Second Part of Mr. Pope's Popish Translation of
Homer.J The subscribers having made great complaint
that there were no pictures in the First Part : This is to
give notice, that to this Second Part there is added a
spacious Map of the Trojan tents and rivers finely de-
lineated. Translated into copper from the wooden ori-
ginal, as you have it in the learned Dr. Fuller's Pisgah
Sight ; being the true travels of Moses and the Children
of Israel from the land of Goshen to the land of Canaan.
With an exact scale. Sold by E. Curll, at the Dial and
Bible against St. Dunstan's Church in Fleet- street.
Where may be had Mr. Pope's Court Poems, price 6c?.
" Next week will be published,
An Excellent new Ballad, called The Catholic Poet, or
Protestant Barnaby's Lamentation. To the tune of
* Which nobody can deny.'
« Tho' of his wit the Catholick has boasted,
Lintot and Pope by turns shall both be roasted.' "
In a few days after, namely, on the 10th of
April, the following appeared in the same Journal :
" To prevent any farther imposition on the public, there
is now preparing for the press, by several hands, Homer
Defended; being a detection of the many errors com-
mitted by Mr. Pope in his pretended Translation of
Homer ; wherein is fully proved that he neither under-
stands the original, nor the author's meaning, and that in
several places he has falsified it on purpose. To which is
added, a specimen of a Translation of the First Book of
the Odysses, which has lain printed by Mr. Lintott some
time, and which he intends to publish, in order to preju-
many Indians perish by this reptile's venomous sucking
their blood."
* " Famous for printing the Lives and Last Wills of
great men."
f The Court Poems, printed by Mr. Curll.
j Mr. Pope has translated one verse of Homer thus :
" The Priest can pardon, and the God appease."
344
NOTES AND QUERIES.
44., Nov. 1. '56.
dice Mr. TickelFs excellent version. Any gentlemen who
have made observations upon Mr. Pope's Homer, and will
be pleased to send the^n to Mr. Curll, at the Dial and
Bible against St. Dunstan's Church in Fleet-street, shall
have them faithfully inserted in this work."
And here we must, at least for the present,
leave " tins pretty quarrel as it stands."
S. N. M.
Edmund Curll — The information that Ed-
mund Curll lived at the " Post House " at Middle
Temple Gate, is somewhat new, but confirmed by
an imprint quoted in your Number of 18th Oc-
tober, under the above head. Where was the
Post House ? Was it the house, or rather shop,
afterwards inhabited by Benjamin Motte at the
Middle Temple Gate ? (See " N. & Q.," 1st S. xii.
490.) MIDDLE TEMPLE GATE.
GORDON OF AUCHLUCHRIES.
In the last number of the Edinburgh Review
there is a very interesting article on the diary of
General Patrick Gordon of Auchluchries, who is
represented as sprung from a younger branch of
the Gordons of Haddo ; and it is remarked as a
singular, but not improbable inference, that the
Russian system of aggrandisement may have been
suggested by a cadet of the family of the Earl of
Aberdeen, the late premier.
Of this relationship there is not a vestige of
evidence. The ruling family of the name were
Earls of Huntly and Dukes of Gordon, who,
though Setons in the direct male line, took the
name of Gordon upon the marriage of Alexander
Set-on with the only daughter and heiress of Sir
Adam de Gordon, who was killed at the battle of
Homildon in September, 1402. These Gordons
came from the Merse, and there is still a parish in
Berwickshire over which the last Duke of Gordon
claimed certain rights of superiority.
Peerage writers wish the public to believe that
the Aberdeens were a younger branch of the ducal
race; and there is a nice little romance to the
tune of making the founder of the Aberdeens a
certain Bertrand de Gourdon, who shot Richard
the Lion-hearted at Clialuz. According to history
this Gourdon was a common archer, who, having
been brought before the dying monarch, was for-
given by him, and was ordered to be liberated
with a handsome present ; but the Flemish ge-
neral, who had no notion of such generosity, very
coolly caused the aforesaid ancestor of Lord
Aberdeen to be flayed alive. How, after such an
operation, he could get to Scotland, we are not
told ; but perhaps in the next edition of Douglas
and Wood's Peerage, this remarkable fact will be
verified by proof.
The truth is, the Gordons of Haddo cannot go
very far back, for the above-named genealogists
are constrained to admit, that from the " imperfect
state of the Scotch records," and " destruction of
the family papers " in the civil wars, the descent
cannot be "clearly" deduced. Consequently
one Patrick Gordon, of Methlic, is the first known
worthy of the race of Haddo ; some say this gen-
tleman was a white fisher, and the inventor of
that remarkable Scotch delicacy, the " Finnan
Haddie." But this is just as likely as the legend
of the skinned archer. Indeed, all that can be
said with certainty is, that the Gordons of Haddo
were respectable Aberdeenshire proprietors, and
that the family attained the honours of the
peerage, in the person of Sir George Gordon, in
1682.
The chief of the Gordons probably was the
Viscount of Kenmuir, and Lord of Lochinvar, a
peerage of a more ancient date than that of Aber-
deen, having been conferred by Charles I. on John
Gordon, who married a daughter of Archibald,
Earl of Argyle. When the viscount was restored
by George IV., the then Duke of Gordon wrote a
letter to him, congratulating him, as a cadet of his
family, on the reversal of the attainder. His Lord-
ship, whilst thanking his Grace, respectfully begged
to remind him, that the Dukes of Gordon were
Setons, and that he thought he was himself the
representative in the male line of the old stock of
Gordon.
Upon the final settlement of the Seton Gordons
in Strathspey, the name spread rapidly, and it^is
far from improbable that Gordon of Auchluchries
was a Seton Gordon ; there is just as much like-
lihood of the truth of the one supposition as of
the other. His connection with either family is
purely conjectural; but as he was of the clan
Gordon, he was of course a Highland cousin of all
its magnates, and he would be graciously received
by them, seeing he was a general in the service of
the Czar Peter, and Envoy from Russia to the
English Court. J. M.
POP! AN A.
The Pope and Blount Letters (1st S. xii. 377.)—
MR. CARRUTIIERS says that Mr. A. Chalmers " ob-
tained the use of the original letters addressed to
Teresa and Martha Blount, . . . then in a loose
state, and . . . many were never returned, and can-
not now be recovered." Now before we can
count our losses we must know what our posses-
sions were. Does MR. CARRUTHERS assume that
the Blount family ever had in their possession all
the published letters professedly addressed to one
or other of the Miss Blounts ? If not, what is
the basis of his calculation ? It appears to me
that A. Chalmers is responsible for all those letters
2nd s. N° 44., Nov. 1. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
345
first published by him in the supplemental volume.
Are any of these missing ? It would be of interest
to the curious, and might throw a light even on
questions by which MR. CARRUTHERS may have
been puzzled, if he would furnish you with a list,
by brief reference to all the letters still in the
possession of the Blount family, with dates, if they
have dates, or postmarks, if visible : even the
address on any of the letters would help to con-
clusions. T. P. B.
Pope's " Corinna" and Dry den's Funeral (1st
S. xii. 278.) — I can hardly believe that Corinna
or Curll can have invented the story that Dry-
den's funeral was first countermanded by an
English peer (Lord Jeffries), and then celebrated
in a becoming manner at his expense. Whether
true or not, the story is found in the edition of
Ned Ward's London Spy, printed as early as 1703.
With your permission I will give you the extract,
from pp. 417-8., which communicates all the par-
ticulars, excepting the name of the peer.
" Yet 'tis credibly reported the ingratitude of the age
is such, they had like to have let him pass in private to
his grave, without those funeral obsequies suitable to his
greatness, had it not been for that true British worthy,
who meeting with the venerable remains of the neglected
bard passing silently in a coach unregarded to his last
home, ordered the corps, by the consent of his few friends
that attended him, to be respited from so obscure an in-
terment ; and most generously undertook at his own ex-
pence, to revive his work in the minds of a forgetful
people, by bestowing on his peaceful dust a solemn fu-
neral answerable to his merit ; which memorable action
alone will eternalize his fame with the greatest heroes,
and add that lustre to his nobility which time can never
tarnish ; but will shine with equal glory in all ages, and
in the very teeth of envy bid defiance to oblivion, The
management of the funeral was left to Mrs. Russel, pur-
suant to the directions of that honourable great man
concern'd chiefly in the pious undertaking."
He then devotes two pages to a minute descrip-
tion of the funeral obsequies, as finally celebrated.
Surely there must have been some foundation
for the story as above related, given so circum-
stantially as it is, and that within three years after
Dryden's death. In p. 420. his death is attri-
buted to mortification in the toe, caused by the
flesh growing over the toe-nail, the patient having
refused to submit to an amputation.
HENRY T. RLLEY.
Additions to Pope. — MR. BOLTON CORNEY
(2nd S. i. 8.) sent you some " Lines written by
Pope," which, he says, are neither in Warton nor
in the supplementary volume of 1807. Certainly
if they were in the one, they ought not to have
been in the other 5 but it does happen that they
are in both. The "lines" were addressed to
Gay, on receiving his congratulations on finishing
his house and garden, and are to be found in
Warton, ii. 369., and in Sup. Vol., p. 14. They
begin, —
" Ah, friend ! 'tis true — this truth you lovers know —
In vain my structures rise, my gardens grow,
In vain fair Thames reflects the double scenes
Of hanging mountains, and of sloping greens ;
Joy lives not here, to happier seats it flies,
And only dwells where Wortley casts her eyes."
Then came the quarrel with Lady Mary, and
these six lines were suppressed. Pope, however,
never threw away good verses, and the remainder,
with slight variations, were woven into a compli-
mentary paragraph, and forwarded to the lady
whose letters from Pope were published by
Dodsley in 1769 (p. 17.). A. T. P.
"No Lord's anointed," frc. (1st S. xi. 65.; 2nd S.
ii. 41.) — It is not improbable that this line bears
reference to a traditional bon mot of Ben Jonson,
uttered by him on hearing that a pension had
been granted by Charles I. to Francis Quarles ;
and repeated by Dennis in the disgust which he
felt at seeing Blackmore receive the honour of
knighthood from King William.
Quarles had been cupbearer to the unfortunate
Queen of Bohemia, and it was, not improbably,
about the period of his coronation that Charles
conferred a pension on him, as a faithful servant
to his aunt. Jonson, on hearing of this piece of
bad taste, as he considered it, may very possibly
have exclaimed, " Surely this is no Lord's anointed,
but only a man who has received unction from a
Russian bear ;" in other words, " not anointed with
sacred oil, but only rubbed with the grease of an
uncouth bear." Blackmore was knighted, pro-
bably, about the period of William's coronation ;
an opportunity being afforded thereby to the
envious Dennis to repeat the traditional joke.
I have no doubt that bears' grease was well
known in England, as an unguent or ointment, in
the days of James I. and his son. Indeed it was
in common use as an application for the hair in
the times of the Romans even. See Pliny's Nat.
Hist., xxi. 73. and xxviii. 46. ; and in the time of
James there was quite a mania for imitating the
recipes and nostrums of the ancients, however
absurd and nonsensical.
I am aware that the interpretation to the line,
thus suggested, would require, in correct English,
the last word to be " bear's." Pope, however, in
his determination to preserve the story, may have
found himself obliged to sacrifice grammar to
rhyme ; or the line may possibly have originally
been — " No Lord-anointed," &c.
HENRY T. RILEY.
Pope's Letters to Wycherley, 1729. — No copies
of this publication having been found, and some
doubt having been expressed as to whether it was
346
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd g. NO 44., NOV. 1. '56.
ever really issued to the public, the following ad-
vertisement, which I hayc met with in going over
a file of newspapers in the British Museum, may
be worth insertion in " N. & Q. : "
" This day is published,
The Posthumous Works of William Wycheiiey, Esq., in
Prose and Verse. The Second Volume. Containing
1. Letters of Mr. Wycherley and Mr. Pope oa several
Subjects (the former at 70 years of age, the latter at 17).
2. Poems not inserted in 'the first volume, and others
more correct, from original manuscripts in the Harley
Library. 3. Hero and Leander in Burlesque, written by
Mr. Wycherley under 20 years old. N. B. In the Preface
to the First Volume, a second having been promised (for
which Mr. Theobald entered into a bond with the book-
sellers, but hath failed in his promise 12 years), the pub-
lick may be assured that this compleats the whole, and
that nothing more of Mr. Wycherley's which is in any
way fit for the press can ever be added to it. Printed for
J. Roberts in Warwick Lane. Price Is. 6d. or to be had
bound together, price 5s." — Country Journal, or Crafts-
man, Nov. 29, 1729.
J. Y.
POETRY CONNECTED WITH RICHMOND PARK, ETC.
I have been often asked who wrote the lines
(No. 1.) on a board affixed to a tree in Richmond
Park, and have had the pleasure to inform them
they were by Mr. John Heneage Jesse, an author
who has contributed to the public information
and amusement The Court of England during the
Stuarts, and many other very interesting works.
"No. 2. are some lines said to be by the Right Hon.
John Wilson Croker, written by desire of Mr.
Jesse, author of a most agreeable work, Glean-
ings in Natural History, &c. ; but weather has
rendered them now quite illegible, where they
were placed, in Richmond Park.
The lines which follow I met among some old
MSS. and may perhaps please some of your
readers, and therefore may be placed beside the
others. A.
Richmond, Surrey.
1.
" Richmond ! ev'n now
Thy living landscape spreads beneath my feet,
Calm as the sleep of infancy. The song
Of nature's vocalists, the blossom' d shrubs,
The velvet verdure, and the o'ershadowing trees ;
The cattle wading in the clear, smooth stream ;
And, mirror'd on its surface, the deep glow
Of sunset. The white smoke ; and yonder church,
Half hid by the green foliage of the grove : —
These are thy charms, fair Richmond, and thro' these
The river wafting many a graceful bark,
Glides gently onward like a lovely dream,
Making the scene a Paradise."
On an adjacent tree are the following lines on
" James Thomson, the Poet of Nature," also by
Mr. John Heneage Jesse : —
" Ye, who from LONDON'S smoke and turmoil fly,
To seek a purer air and brighter sky ;
Think of the Bard who dwelt in yonder dell,
Who sang so sweetly what he loved so well ;
Think, as ye gaze on these luxuriant bowers,
Here, THOMSON loved the sunshine and the flowers,
He who could paint in all their varied forms,
April's young bloom, December's dreary storms.
By yon*fair stream, which calmly glides along,
Pure as his life, and lovely as his song,
There oft he roved : — In yonder churchyard lies ;
All of the deathless Bard that ever dies ;
For here his gentle spirit lingers still,
In yon sweet vale, — on this enchanted hill;
Flinging a holier interest o'er the grove,
Stirring the heart to poetry and love;
Bidding us prize the favourite scenes he trod,
And view, in Nature's beauties, Nature's God."
2.
" Strangers from harm, protect this tree and seat,
Where young and old, for rest and ease may meet,
All should unite to guard, what all may share,
A general good, should be a general care."
a
" The Tree and the Woodmen.
" A tree, 'tis said, at Richmond grew,
As tall as oak, as rough as yew ;
The woodmen saw with envious eye,
His tufted glories rising high :
This tree, cry they, the rest will top,
And though we may not fell, we'll lop :
A thousand bills are straight prepar'd;
But soon they find the work too hard.
Unhurt it stood each sounding stroke,
Their arms it tir'd, their tools it broke ;
At length one shook his wiser head.
And thus, his bill thrown by, he said :
' Ye fools, your labour vain forbear,
This tree deserves the woodman's care ;
See how its friendly branches spread,
In sultry suns to be a shade,
And when from driving rains you fly,
This shelter will be always nigh ;
Its growth with pleasure rather view,
It grows not for itself, but you.' "
NOTES ON " TRAFALGAR.
It is well known that at the battle of Trafalgar
Lord Nelson's officers entertained great fears for
the safety of their commander, who had evidently
made up his mind to die in the arms of Victory.
Mr. Beattie, the surgeon, persisted in his deter-
mination to communicate this general feeling of
anxiety to Nelson ; and waited on deck for the
purpose of requesting the Admiral to conceal his
stars, which would render him too conspicuous a
mark for the rifles of the enemy. The oppor-
tunity, however, for this hopeless remonstrance
never arrived ; an order from Nelson, that all
officers not stationed on deck should return to
their " quarters," obliging the surgeon to go be-
low. That there was any vain or avoidable dis-
play of his splendid decorations made by the hero
on this occasion has been an entirely erroneous
supposition, though one which has received the
sanction of Nelson's biographers. The orders
2nd s. N° 44., Nov. 1. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
347
(which were four stars on the left breast) were
embroidered on the coat worn on ordinary occa-
sions. To those of your readers who may not
have referred to the Dispatches and Letters, the
following extracts from that work may supply an
interesting correction of a popular error :
« Lord Nelson came upon deck soon after daylight ;
he was dressed as usual in his Admiral's frock coat,
bearing on the left breast four stars of different orders,
which 'he always wore with his common apparel." — Dr.
Beattie's Narrative.
On the morning of October 21, 1805, Nelson
"dressed himself in the same coat which he had
commonly worn since he left Portsmouth."
The above statement, made on the authority of
Sir Thomas Hardy, and other officers of the Vic-
tory, is quoted from the United Service Magazine
(No. CLXIV., July, 1842) :
" While walking the deck, and after the firing had com-
menced, Hardy remarked that the badge might draw
attention from the enemy's tops; to which the hero
coolly replied, — « He was aware it might be seen, but it
was now too late to be shifting a coat.' " — Ibid.
" The facts," says the editor, " are simply these : —
Lord Nelson was entitled to wear four stars — those of
the Orders of the Bath, St. Ferdinand and Merit, the
Crescent, and St. Joachim. It was then the custom to
embroider the stars of Orders on the coat, instead, as now,
of occasionally fixing them on it by a clasp like a brooch ;
so that when the coat was worn, the decorations being
sewn upon it were necessarily worn at the same time. It
was also usual, before and long after 1805, for knights to
wear their insignia at all times ; and, conformably with
that practice, Lord Nelson never appeared without them.
This is an answer to the assertion that he purposely put
on his decorations on the eventful day, and to the in-
sinuation that his vanity caused him to wear his Orders
more frequently than was then usual."
The following is from a letter from Nelson's
Flag-lieutenant at Trafalgar (Captain Pasco) to
the editor :
" The coat Lord Nelson wore on the 21st of October,
1805, was such as he always wore while I had the honour
and happiness of serving" under his Flag (nearly three
years). It had four stars on the left breast, and certainly
no additional Order or alteration of dress was used on
that day."
From Captain Sir George Wesphal (a midship-
man of the Victory, who served at Trafalgar,) to
the editor :
" From the period of his Flag being hoisted at Spit-
head, at the commencement of hostilities with France in
1803, to the hour of his death, 1 have no recollection of
ever seeing him wear a full-dress uniform coat on board the
Victory, or elsewhere; and I am most positive that the
coat which his Lordship wore on the day the battle was
fought was an old undress uniform, the skirts being lined
with white shalloon or linen. The four orders that he
invariably wore were embroidered on the breast of every
coat I had ever seen him wear from his first hoisting his
Flag. They were placed thus «** on the left breast of
his coat, the Order of the Bath being uppermost. I feel
persuaded that you cannot have better authority than
my own for the truth of this disputed question ; because,
when I was carried down wounded, I was placed by the
side of his Lordship, and his coat was rolled up and put
as the substitute for a pillow under my head, which was
then bleeding very much from the wound I had received ;
and when the battle was over, and an attempt was made
to remove the coat, several of the bullions of the epaulette
were found to be so firmly glued into my hair, by the
coagulated blood from my wound, that the bullions, four
or five of them, were cut off, and left in my hair; one of
which I have still in my possession."
The coat and waistcoat worn by Lord Nelson
when he fell at Trafalgar were, in a very handsome
manner, purchased by H. R. H. Prince Albert,
and presented to Greenwich Hospital, — where
lies the precious relic worn by the great hero at
the battle of the Nile. A cheque for 1501. was
placed in the editor's hands to effect the above
object, who had examined the coat, then in the
possession of Mrs. Smith (June, 1845), and found
the " stars" all " firmly sewn on it."
No sword was worn by Nelson at the battle of
Trafalgar, the only action in which he ever ap-
peared without it. The sword had been laid on
his table, and was never called for — a memorable
omission ! F. PHILLOTT,
DEED RELATING TO ARNCLIFFE, CO. YORK.
As I believe deeds of the time of Henry VI. in
the English language are matters of antiquarian
curiosity, I send you the following verbatim copy
of an award of partition dated May 4, 1440, by
which the estate of Arncliffe, in the North Riding
of Yorkshire, and other estates, came to Sir Wil-
liam Mauleverer in right of his wife, the sister and
co-heir of Sir John Colville.
The original deed, along with many other curi-
ous and ancient evidences, is in the possession of
the "present Mr. Mauleverer at Arncliffe Hall.
There are two seals attached to the deed, of which
one is too much worn and injured to be decy-
phered, and the other bears the impression of a
greyhound passant, with " R " above and " M "
below the animal. This is evidently the seal of
Robert Mauleverer, one of the arbitrators.
DOUGLAS BROWN.
6. Pump Court, Temple.
" This indente beris witenes that S' John Colvyle dyed
seisyd of c'tayne man's, landes, te'ments, rents, and s'vis
wyth thare app'ten'nt} in ye counte} of Yorke and
Northumberl', That is to say of ye man's of Heslerton,
Lutton, Thymelby, West Rownton, Arneclyff, with ye
towne of Ingylby, Dale in Blakamore, Syggeston, w* ye
app'ten'nce in ye counte of Yorke. And ve man's of
Bodyll and Spyndelstone in ye counte of Northumberl',
eftyr whose dede these sayd man's, landes, ten'ts, rents,
and s'vices wyth ye app'ten'nts dissendyd to Isabell and
Jonet, sisters and heirs to ye sayd S' John. The p'tition
of ye sayd man'rs, landes, ten'ts, rents, and s'vices w*
thare app'ten'nce, be assent and grement of Will'm ffen-
cots and ye sayd Isabell his wyfe, tone [sic] of ye heirs of
ye sayd S' John And of Will'm Mauleverer chr' and Jonet
his wyfe, tother of ye heirs of ye sayd S' John, is put in
348
NOTES AND QUERIES.
S. N° 44., Nov. 1. '56.
award and orden'nce and jugement of John Thway t and
Robt. Mauleverer, ase it apperes be one obligation that
ye sayd Will'm ffencot i^bondon in to ye sayd S' WilPm
Mauleverer in c m'rc, beryng date xx day of Septembre
ye "jhere of kyng henry ye vite efter ye conquest ye
xviije. And in semblable wyse ye sayd S' Will'm is
bondon by his obligation to ye sayd Will'm ffenco,tes in
c m'rc, beryng date beforesayd. The saydes John
Thwaytes and Robt. is agreyd/ordauntes, and awardes
be assent of ye p'ties beforesayd, and as it apperes be In-
dentes made be the sayd p'ties ye sayd p'tition to be hade
in the fo'me suying. That is to knowe to all man' of
people that ye sayd Will'm ffencotes and Isabell his wyfe
sail hafe and holde ye man's of Heslerton and Lutton, ye
man's of Thymelby and West Rownton wy th thare app'-
ten'nte to ye saydes Will'm ffencotes and Isabell, and
to ye hers of hir body begettyn. And ye sayd S' Will'm
Mauleverer and Jonet his wyfe sail hafe and holde ye
man's of Arneclyff wyth ye towne of Ingelby, ye man'r of
Daletowne in Blackamo'e, ye man'e of Syggestone wyth
thare appo'ten'nce, in ye counte of Yorke, and the man'es
of Bodyll and Spyndelstone wyth ye appo'ten'nce, in ye
counte of NorthumberP, to ye sayd S' Will'm Mauleverer
and Jonet, and to ye hers of hir body begettyn. And in
fulfillyng of this awarde trewly to be keppyd .ye sayd
John and Robt. awardes, ordaunts, and demes 'that ye
sayd S' Will'm sail sewe a writt de p'ticto'e faciend' at
ye costes of ye saydes p'ties. And this sayd p'tition to
be made be ye force of ye sayd writt like als ye lawe will
ye next fine eftyr ye date of this awarde. And to ye
wittenes of these indentes the saydes John and Robt.
hafe sev'ally sette to yr scales. Written at Ripon ye iiijte
day of May, ye ^here of kyng henry sext, efter conquest
xviij6."
Minor
WylcTs Globe. — About the year 1839, the late
Mr. Wm. Vialls proposed a Georama in London ;
and a meeting was held for its promotion in Pall
Mall, with the Duke of Sussex in the chair, at
which Mr. Wyld was present as a patron of the
plan. He then mentioned his own views ; and his
plan differed from the other in looking at the globe
from the inside, instead of from the outside as in
Mr. Viall's globe, which was to have been placed
at the Colosseum. The times were then unfa-
vourable, and, soon after the meeting, Mr. Vialls
died, and the plan fell to the ground.
HYDE CLARKE.
Jeu tf Esprit. — I find the following jeu ff esprit
among some so-called autographs. Whether it is
really what it pretends to be or not, I cannot tell.
" Would you have each blessing full,
Hither fly, and live with Bull ;
Feast for body, feast for mind,
Best of welcome, Taste refined,
Bull does nothing here by halves,
All other Landlords are but Calves.
" T. ERSKINE."
Query, Who was Bull ? C. W. BINGHAM.
Foreign Journals and Reviews. —
" The number of newspapers published in the kingdom
of Saxony is 220 ; in Austria, 271 ; in Bavaria, 178 ; in
Wurtemberg, 99 ; and in Hanover, 89. Italy possesses
311 journals and reviews, and Switzerland more than
563."
The above extract is taken from Galignants
Messenger, September 9. 1856. W. W.
Malta.
Kenton Sells. — As the REV. H. T. ELLA-
COMBE is curious about the inscriptions on bells,
I send you a copy of some taken thirty years ago
from his neighbourhood, Kenton Church, Devon.
" Inscriptions on Kenton Setts.
1st Bell Treble. ' Glory to God on high.' T. Silbie.
2nd. « God save the King.' T. Bilbie, 1747.
3rd. Capt. John Gram, and Capt. Saml. Teage.
4th. Edward Morrish, and Richard Morrish. T. Bil-
bie, cast all we. 1747.
5th. Bilbie the Founder. Rugg the Hanger, Carter
the Smith, and treble Ringer.
6th. < Hue verte pedes, hue iter in Astra.' The Honble.
Sir William Courteriay, Baronet. The Revd. Robt. Chute,
Vicar. The Revd. Wm. Hatherly, Curate. Wm. Clifford
Martyn, Esq., and Wm. Mann, Gent., Churchwardens,
1747. T. Bilbie, fecit."
WM. COLLYNS.
Chudleigh. \
Compensativeness. — It is a rather singular
coincidence that the three English counties which
contained the most extensive seminaries of me-
diaeval or monastic learning should have also
produced the three greatest promulgators of
modern (or anti-monastic) philosophy.
Lincolnshire, which contained the Abbey of
Croyland, produced Sir Isaac Newton. Somerset-
shire, in which the Abbey of Glastonbury was
situate, gave birth to John Locke. Middlesex,
the seat of the Abbey of St. Peter at Westminster,
was the native county of Francis Bacon.
The revenues of Westminster and Glastonbury
were by far the largest in the kingdom at the
period of the Dissolution. HENRY T. RILEY.
Old Friends with New Faces. — You have
chronicled some re-issues of books with a second
title. Allow me to add another to the list :
" Theatrical Biography, on Memoirs of the Principal
Performers of the Three Theatres Royal, Drury Lane,
Covent Garden, and Haymarket. 1772. 2 vols."
is substantially the same (there are editorial in-
sertions, omissions, and alterations), as —
" Secret History of the Green Room. 1792. 2 vols."
under which latter title it seems to have "gone
off," as I have seen a "fourth edition" bearing
that title, and the date 1795 or 1796.
As far as I have had opportunity of comparison,
each edition, I should say, has undergone correc-
tion. And in this fourth edition, I saw an addition
which I regret not having copied. If, therefore,
any correspondent could and would favour me
with the loan of it for a few days, it would confer
a great obligation on TEE BEE.
2nd g. ff« 44., Nov. 1. '56.]
NOTES AND QUEKIES,
349
An Alderman of London fined Fifty Pounds. —
The annexed account of the operation of a bye-
law in London at an early period is worth no-
ticing:. I extracted it from an abridgement of
Graf ton's Chronicle, edition 1563.
"London, 1467. This yeare John Darby, Alderman,
because he refused to pay for the carriage away of a ded
• -Q that lay at his dore, and did also geue euell lan-
o;\v;ige vnto the Maior, was by a court of Aldermen
denied to a fyne of fyfty poundes, and he paied euery
prny."
HENRY KENSINGTON.
Abbey Libraries. — I do not know whether any
of your correspondents have made mention of the
" Catalogus Librorum " of the library at Glaston-
bury, in the year 1248. It seems to have been a
splendid collection, for the period. At the Disso-
lution, many of these MSS. found their way to
the library of Trinity College, Cambridge. The
catalogue is given by Hearne, in his Appendix to
John of Glastonburifs Chronicles of that Abbey,
Oxford, 1726. HENRY T. RILEY.
Derivation of " Folly." — Is it possible that the
widely prevailing word folly, applied to some
unstable or objectless building, may have been
originally suggested by the old Norman-French
fottlie, which we find in the Roman de Ron, line
12,136:
" Mult veient loges bfoillies"
and which is explained by M. Pluquet as —
" Baraques faites avec des branches d'arbre"?
C. W. BlNGHAM.
BALLAD ON AGINCOURT.
In the Introduction to Shakspeare's Henry V,,
in my new edition, now in the press, I have
printed a ballad on the battle of Agincourt, re-
garding which I can obtain no intelligence. I am
not avvare that it has ever been published in any
of our collections of popular poetry, or separately,
since the time the black-letter broadside was
issued, which is thus headed : " Agin Court, or
the English Bowman's Glory ; to a pleasant new
Tune." And it purports, at the end, to have been
"printed for Henry Harper, in Smithfield;" but
without any date of the year, or any mark of
authorship. The first stanza is this i
" Agincourt, Agincourt ;
Know ye not Agincourt,
Where English slue and hurt
All their French foemen ?
With our pikes and bills brown,
How the French were beat down,
Shot by our bowmen."
Every stanza begins in the same way, with
" Agincourt, Agincourt $" and there are eleven of
them, some possessing great spirit and consider-
able poetical excellence. Thus, the fifth stanza
runs as follows :
" Agincourt, Agincourt ;
Know ye not Agincourt ?
Either tale, or report
Quickly will show men
What can be done by courage,
Men without food or forage ;
Still lusty bowmen."
Again, where the king is mentioned, stanza 9. :
" Agincourt, Agincourt ;
Know ye not Agincourt ?
When our best hopes were nought,
Tenfold our foemen ;
Harry led his men to battle,
Slue the French like sheep and cattle :
Huzza ! our bowmen."
The last stanza is this :
" Agincourt, Agincourt ;
Know ye not Agincourt?
Dear was the victory bought
By fifty yeomen.
Ask any English wench,
They were worth all the French :
Rare English bowmen ! "
What I want to know is, whether any of your
readers can give me any tidings of such a pro-
duction ? Have they seen it printed, or quoted,
or noted any where ? Do they know its date ?
From the black-letter type, it seems to me that
Harper republished it considerably before the
Restoration — perhaps in the reign of Charles I.
Another point on which I need information is,
whether, if any duplicate copy be known, the last
line in it is :
" Rare English bowmen ; "
or whether it is —
" Rare English women ? "
The copy I have used has the last, which I am
persuaded is a misprint, because every other
stanza ends with " bowmen," and the old printer
(it must have been a reprint of an older impres-
sion when it came out of Harper's shop) no doubt
was misled by the mention of " English wench,"
in the- fifth line of the concluding stanza. In
short, I shall be much obliged for any information
regarding this production. J. PAYNE COLLIER.
Maidenhead.
"CANDIDE AND THE "QUARTERLY REVIEW.
In an article entitled "Whately's Edition of
Bacon's Essays," in the last number (cxcvm.) of
the Quarterly Review, the writer quotes "the
contemporaneous examples of dethroned sove-
reigns, when Voltaire wrote his Candide. They
were sufficiently numerous to suggest one of the
most striking passages in the work. Candide, at
Venice, sits down to supper with six strangers
who are staying at the same hotel with himself;
350
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd s. No 44., Nov. 1. '56.
and as the servants, to his astonishment, address
each of them by the title of " your Majesty," he
asks for an explanation of the pleasantry. The
explanations are given by the ex-sovereigns^—
Achmet III., Ivan (" Emperor of all the Russias,
but dethroned when he was in his cradle"), Charles
Edward King of England, King of Poland, another
King of Poland, lastly, Theodore King of Corsica.
Theodore said to his co-sovereigns : —
"I was called 'Your Majesty,' and at present am
hardly called ' Sir ; ' I have caused money to be coined,
and do not now possess a penny ; I have had two Secre-
taries of State, and I have now scarcely a servant. I
have sat upon a throne, and was long in a prison in
Condon upon straw," &c.
The story is thus continued by the Quarterly
reviewer :
" The five other kings heard this confession with a
noble compassion. Each of them gave King Theodore
twenty sequins to buy some clothes and shirts. Candide
presented him with a diamond worth two thousand se-
quins. 'Who,' said the five Kings, 'is this man who
can afford to give a hundred times as much as any of us?
Are you also a King ? ' ' J\ro, your Majesties, and I have no
desire to be.' "
The reviewer proceeds :
" The last stroke is an instance of Voltaire's consum-
mate art, very common with him by a single phrase,
which tells with electric rapidity and force."
Now, I cannot see that " the last stroke is an
instance of consummate art;" on the contrary, I
think it much wanting in the terse smartness and
slyness of Voltaire. But my greater difficulty is,
that I cannot find the words, which I have marked
above in Italics, in my copies, in French, of
Candide ! I possess what I believe to be either
the first, or a very early, edition of Candide. It
purports to be " Candide, ou L" Optimisme, traduit
de 1'Allemand de Mr. Le Docteur Ralph." There
is no printer's name, nor place on the title-page ;
and as to date, simply at its foot " MDCCLIX." As
the work was not avowed, in any way, that I ani
aware of, this style of issue will not surprise. The
words marked in Italics are not there : only, after
" as any of us" [autant que chacun de nous], it is
added " et qui le donne" (and who gives it, as I
translate), and without any note of interrogation;
and nothing to justify the inquiry, " Are you also
a King ?" &c. I have Romans de Voltaire. Stereo-
type, D'Herman, Paris, 1809. Candide appears
in its " tome premier." The words given already
in Italics are not there, only " et qui le donne ?"
having, however, a note of interrogation.
As, I dare say, the reviewer has good ground
for his quotation, though my limited collection
does not enable me to authenticate it, — and as the
difference is certainly rather remarkable, — I shall
feel obliged by an explanation of the cause of the
discrepancy. A HERMIT AT HAMPSTEAD.
George Herbert's Letter to Bishop Andrewes. —
In Walton's Life of George Herbert occurs the
following notice of Bishop Andrewes :
" And for the learned Bishop, it is observable, that at
that time there fell to be a modest debate betwixt them
two about Predestination and Sanctity of life; of both
which the Orator [George Herbert] dfd, not long after,
send the Bishop some safe and useful aphorisms, in a long
letter written in Greek ; which letter was so remarkable for
the language and reason of it, that, after the reading
it, the Bishop put it into his bosom, and did often show it
to many scholars, both of this and foreign nations ; but
did always return it back to the place where he first
lodged it, and continued it so near his heart till the last
day of his life."
Is this letter, or a copy of it, extant in any
public or private library ? J. YEOWELL.
Sandalore ; Robespierre. — In a French Al-
manac, published in Paris during the time of the
first Revolution, there is a figure, facing the title-
page, representing a man holding a bandalore. Is
there any symbolical meaning in this ? I have
heard it stated that Robespierre was the inventor
of this curious toy. The name, however, has the
appearance of an East Indian origin. 'It is not to
be found in Webster's Dictionary. The bandalore
was formerly a very favourite toy, but the use of
it appears to be now dying out. Can any of your
correspondents give further information as to its
name and origin ? HENRY T. RILEY.
Sir Robert Sale's Arms. — What were the arms
of the late Major- Gen. Sir Robert Sale, G. C. B. ?
T. B.
Archer the English Sirname. — As I am about
to publish P work on the English sirname of
" Archer," any information on the subject would
much oblige J. B. S.
Edinburgh.
Drawings in the Vatican. — I have been told
that it is believed there are deposited in the Va-
tican Library the plans and elevations of the an-
cient ecclesiastical edifices, abbeys in particular,
of England, representing them as they appeared
before the Reformation. Will any of your
readers who are informed on this subject oblige
me by saying whether this supposition is founded
in fact? JAYTEE.
Can Incubating Partridges be scented by Dogs ?
— During the past hatching season, a well-known
Worcestershire sportsman more than once ob-
served that his dogs would pass very close to a
nest, on which a partridge was sitting, without
scenting, or disturbing, the bird. To test this
point thoroughly, the sportsman took there a
pointer of the keenest " nose," who would ap-
proach within a yard of the nest, and fail to scent
2nd S. N° 44., Nov. 1. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
351
its sitting occupant. This experiment was many
times repeated, with the same result ; and several
cases, similar to this, have also come to my know-
ledge. Are these cases exceptions to the rule, or
is ft a proved fact that partridges cannot be
scented during the time of their incubation?
Some of my informants, who were positive as to
this applying to partridges, were doubtful of its
application to pheasants. I have been told by
more than one gamekeeper, that both partridges
and pheasants prefer to lay their eggs close to
some path, " riding," or waggon-road, in pre-
ference to more retired spots within the covers
and coppices. Have these circumstances been
noted in works on natural history ?
CUTHBERT BEDE, B.A.
Ancient Stone at Hayle, co. Cornwall. — Some
years since, whilst workmen were excavating the
side of a hill in the grounds of the Messrs. Harvey,
at Hayle, in the county of Cornwall, they came to
an upright stone, in size and shape not much un-
like a common milestone, or it might be a trifle
higher. A rudely cut inscription (partly oblite-
rated) crossed its face diagonally from left to
right. When I saw the stone, in 1849, it had been
re-erected by the side of a path, nearly in the
same spot where found. I then was not able to
get a satisfactory account of the stone, or its in-
scription ; and since that time, I have been too
far removed to consult the works or persons likely
to furnish information on the subject. Can any
of your Cornish antiquarian contributors throw
any light on the matter ?
I have some indistinct idea that there is a paper
on the subject in one of the annual Transactions
of the Royal Cornwall Polytechnic Society.
J. H. A. BONE.
Cleveland, Ohio, U. S.
Boarding- Schools at Hackney and Bow. — From
an early period these suburbs seem to have been
famous for their ladies' boarding-schools. Chau-
cer's Nonne had been educated at " the Schole of
Stratford atte Bow," or in other words, the nun-
nery there. Any particulars of these schools
(successors probably of the nunnery) down to the
time of The Spectator, or even later, would be by
no means devoid of interest. HENRY T. RILEY.
Can Water- Drinkers become Poets f — I believe
it is Cratinus, who says, —
" Nulla placere diu, neque vivere, carmina possunt
Quae scribuntur aquae potoribus."
Perhaps Chapman, the translator of Homer, may
be an exception ; for Antony Wood describes him
as a person of most reverend aspect, religious, and
temperate; adding, with his usual acrimony,
"qualities rarely meeting in a poet." Some of
your correspondents belonging to the Temperance
League may in all probability be able, for the
credit of their order, to enumerate a few examples
in contradiction of the sweeping denunciation of
Cratinus. N. L. T.
Rue. — In Burke's Romance of the Forum it is
said that during the trial of Mrs. Manning, " the
bench of the dock was, according to custom,
strewn with rue."
What is supposed to be the origin of this cus-
tom, and is it confined to the Central Criminal
Court ? C. C.
Colonel Cleland, Griffith, Will Honeycomb.—
I once read that Dr. Griffith had the audacity, in
an early number of the Monthly Review, to give a
favourable review of Cleland's infamous work —
Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure, better known
to the sellers and buyers of literary garbage under
another name. I do not remember any authority ;
and, so far as I have searched the Monthly Review,
I cannot find any such article. Can any of your
readers give me some information thereon ? Was
this book written by Addison's " Will Honey -
? I have seen it attributed
comb," or by his son
to each of them in print.
HENRY T. RILEY.
"AfftoHab* and "Esther." — There was pub-
lished at Edinburgh in 1803, a translation of Ra-
cine's dramas Athaliah and Esther. Who was the
author of this translation ? There is a dedication
by the translator to the Duchess of Gordon.
R. J.
" The Art of Complaisance," Sfc. — In a little
work entitled The Art of Complaisance, or the
Means to oblige in Conversation, Lond. 1673,
12 mo., the dedication to Mr. W. B. is signed
with the initials S. C. There is a copy in the
Bodleian, but the compiler of the catalogue does
not appear to have known the name of the author.
There was a Samuel Colville, a Scotchman, who
printed a work called the Grand Imposture, Edin.
1673, 4to., and is better known as the author of a
mock poem called The Whigg's Supplication, the
first edition of which was printed at London, 1681.
Could this gentleman be the S. C. in question ?
Perhaps some of your readers might throw some
light on this subject ; the work itself is an original
treatise, not borrowed from the French, well
written, and replete with excellent advice. The
author is very severe on the stage plays of the
period, and on those dramatic authors who " say
they write to please the humour of the age, as if
nothing could be agreeable to us, but the seeing
the most horrid vices of the most wretched of
men render'd amiable under the name of vertues,
and by discourses full of rottenness and bawderv."
J. M.
Box called " Michael" — In the north of Eng-
land I have heard a large box called a " Michael."
Now one name for a large box is also " ark." Is
352
NOTES AND QUERIES.
N« 44., Nov. 1. '56.
it possible that some punster may have given this
jaame to the box or ark because Michael is the
.Arch-angel (Ark-angel) ? HENRY T. RILEY.
" Matty Murray's Money." — I heard a servant-
girl say the other day, speaking of the growth of
an infant, " Aye, he's gaining, like Matty Mur-
ray's money." Upon my inquiring the source of
this adage, she was unable to give me any further
information on the subject, beyond " It's only a
saying we have." I am therefore left to the in-
ference that Matty Murray was a prudent Scotch-
woman, whose thrift passed into a proverb. I
should like to know, however, whether the saying
is a local one, or has a lodgment in other by-places
of the land. JOHN PAVIN PHILLIPS.
Haverfordwest.
King of Spain s Sirname, Norway. — Lord
Bacon, in his thirty-fifth essay, Of Prophecies,
gives the prophecy :
" There shall be seen upon a day,
Between the Baugli and the May,
The black fleet of Norway," &c. &c.
To which he adds :
" It was generally conceived to be meant of the Spanish
fleet that came in eighty-eight : for that the King of
Spain's sirname, as they say, is Norway."
Can any of your readers explain the meaning
of this explanation ? which would appear, if we
construe strictly the words, " as they say," to have
in some degree satisfied Lord Bacon. I confess
that I am not so easily satisfied that the king's
sirname was " Norway." Is an anagram a key
to the difficulty ?
Also what parts of the land or sea are meant
under the names of " Baugh " and " May ? "
HENRY T. RILEY.
Cromwell in Ireland. — Mr. Wilde, in his Beau-
ties of the Boyne and the Blackwater, p. 105. says :
" Our learned friend [the late] Mr. Hardiraan has
made a collection of all the documents relating to Crom-
well in Ireland, and it is to be hoped that the Irish
Archaeological Society will have funds sufficient to publish
them."
Is this hope, in which I heartily concur, likely
to be realised ? ABHBA.
Scipio's Shield. — I have somewhere read that
Scipio's shield, made of silver, was found about
two centuries since in the river Rhone. Is this
the fact, and if so, where is it now ? Does any
ancient writer mention the loss of this shield ?
HENRY T. RILEY.
Mark Strother of Kirhnewton. — Will any
reader of " N. & Q.," (especially MR. RAINE,
whom I beg to thank for his courteous notice of
the last Query on this family) furnish me with
information respecting Mark Strother of Kirk-
newton, in Northumberland, high sheriff for that
county 1714 ? Required the names of father and
mother, who did he marry, and had he any issue ?
ARMORIAL.
Bonac. — Jean Louis D'Usson, Marquis de
Bonac, was sent ambassador to Constantinople by
the French Court in 1715. Some account is re-
quired of him or his family, or of his embassy.
The Armorial General merely mentions his name.
T. J.
" The Confusion." — Can you inform we who is
the translator of The Confusion, or the Wag, a
play from the German of Kotzebue, published at
Cambridge, 1842 ? R. J.
Shaking in a Sheet. — A few days ago two wo-
men were charged by another woman before the
justices at Driffield, Yorkshire (East Riding),
with an assault. It was alleged in defence that it
was a custom to shake in a sheet every newly mar-
ried woman the first time she went out to glean corn,
which was the case with complainant.
This custom was however held not to be a
justification of the assault in point of law, and the
defendants were fined 7s. Qd. each. Query, What
is the origin of this custom, and does it exist else-
where than on the Wolds of Yorkshire, where
these parties resided ? DAGMOT.
Motto of Sir William Temple. — I should be
glad to know why Sir William Temple's portrait,
in an edition of his Works, which I possess, two
vols. 1740, is surmounted by the following motto
from Lucan's Pharsalia, ii. 381. :
" Servare Modum, finemque tueri, naturamque sequi " ?
R. S. T.
Races at Tetbury. — Can any of your readers,
learned in old racing calendars, inform me when
these races commenced, and if any celebrated
horses ever ran at them ? The only years I can
find in which they were held are, July 25, 1738 ;
July 11, 1771, when H.R.H. Henry Fred. Duke of
Cumberland won the plate; and July 24, 1789.
They ceased, I believe, on the enclosure of the
Warren in 1814. TETBURIENSIS.
Argens. — Letters by a Mrs. Argens were pub-
lished about 1750. Query the title of the work ?
The letters treated of literary subjects. J. Y.
ffiinat <&uerteS font!)
" Knowledge is Power." — Who was the author,
and in what work, of this well-known maxim?
Lord Bacon, I think, though a leading novelist
of the present day entertains the opposite opinion.
ABHBA.
[ Our correspondent's Query has arrived at a very
fortunate moment. The Illustrated News of Saturday last
2nd S. NO 44., Nov. 1. '56.]
NOTES AND QUEEIES.
353
contains the following communication, which shows that
Bacon was the originator of this very popular phrase : —
" Knowledge is Power. — I can inform your Ventnor cor-
respondent, ' F. G. T.,' whence the above aphorism is
taken. It is from Bacon ; yet, not in the Advancement of
Learning, as you suppose, but from his treatise de Hceresiis.
I met with the maxim in the course of my reading a clay
or two since, and was at once struck by the complete con-
tradiction thus given to Sir E. B. Lytton's too confident
statement (in My Novel) that no such a sentence or thought
is to be found in all Bacon's works. The maxim, which is
parenthetical, is in the following terms : — ' Nam et ipsa
Bcientia potestas est. ' — C. T. B., Bristol.
" This famous expression, the authorship of which has
so long been a literary problem, is then at last discovered.
It occurs in the treatise de Heresibus, i.e., on sects and
opinions, but is not used precisely in the sense attached
to it in the present day. Bacon is describing a sect which
entertains particular notions on the subject of predestina-
tion. He says they give wider limits to the knowledge
than to the power of God (implying that He may fore-
know acts without necessarily preordaining them), or
rather, he remarks, they restrict His power of doing, more
than His power of knowing ; for knowledge itself is a
power. His meaning is that the capacity to know may be
termed a power, not that knowledge confers power. The
following is the sentence in which it occurs : — 'Tertius
gradus est eorum, qui arctant et restringunt opinionem
priorem tantum ad actiones humanas, quse participant ex
peccato, quas volunt substantive, absque nexu aliquo cau-
sarum, ex internS, voluntate et arbitrio humano pendere,
statuuntque latiores terminos scientiee Dei quam potestatis,
vel potius ejus partis potestatis Dei (nam et ipsa sdentia
potestas est) qua scit, quam ejus, qua movet et agit ; ut
prasciat quaedam otiose, qua3 non praedestinet et praeor-
dinet.' "]
Danish Forts in Ireland. — Where may I find
trustworthy information respecting the Danish
forts in Ireland? They are curious relics of
early ages, and have not, I think, received the
attention they deserve. ABHBA.
[Consult A Discourse concerning the Danish Mounts,
Forts, and Towers in Ireland. By Thomas Molyneux,
M.D., Dublin, 4to. 1725. With illustrations. This Dis-
course was republished in A Natural History of Ireland,
by Dr. Gerard Boate and others. Dublin, 4to., 1755.
Some account of the Danish forts will also be found in
Dr. Ledwich's Antiquities of Ireland, Dublin, 1790, pp. 185
•— 193.1
Meaning of " Redchenister " in " Domesday" —
This parish is thus described in that ancient re-
cord:
" In Langetrewes Hund. Isdem. Hog. ten. TETEBERIE
Ibi xxiii. hidae geld'. Siuuard tenuit T. R. E. In dnio
sunt viii car. et xxxii vill'i et ii bord. et ii radchen, cum
p'bro inter om's hintes xiii car."^
What is the meaning of radchen ? In some trans-
lations it is written redchenister ; but what office
did this signify, and what were the duties attached
to it ? ALFRED T. LEE.
[Sir Henry Ellis in his Introduction to Domesday Book,
p. 72., states that " the description of tenantry named
Rachenistres or Radchenistres appear likewise to have
been called Radmanni, or Radmans, and that like the
Socmen some were less free than others. Dr. Nash con-
jectured that the Radmanni and Radchenistres were pro-
bably a kind of freemen who served on horseback," This
word is also noticed by Du Cange, who says, " De terra
hujus manerii tenebant Radechenistres, i.e. liberi homines.
Videntur iidem, qui Bractono Radeknights dicuntur,
liberi scilicet homines, qui tamen arabant, herciabant,
falcabant, metebant, &c." See also Coke on Lyttleton
sect. 117.]
Symond's Court Castle. — Where may I find
particulars of Symond's Court Castle, in the
vicinity of Dublin ? It was well known, I under-
stand, in former days ; but a very small portion is
now forthcoming. Is any drawing of the structure
extant ? ABHBA.
[A view of Symond's Court Tower, drawn by T. Cock-
ing in 1790, will be found in Grose's Antiquities of Ireland,
vol. i. p. 21., with a short account of this ancient struc-
ture.]
Diocese of. Worcester. — Where can I find what
the boundaries of this diocese were before the
formation of the sees of Gloucester and Bristol by
Henry VIII. in 1541 ? ALFRED T. LEE.
[Our correspondent will get a clue to the former
boundaries of this diocese from the following particulars
preserved in Thomas's Survey of Worcester Cathedral,
p. 1. He says, " The see of Worcester was taken out of
that of Lichfield about the year 680 or sooner. The pro-
vince of Wiccia was allotted to it, and the bishops of it
were called Episcopi Wicciorum, the bishops of the Wic-
cians. It contained all Worcestershire, except sixteen
parishes beyond Abberley Hills, belonging to the diocese
of Hereford : all Gloucestershire on the east side of the
Severn, with the city of Bristol : and near the south-half
part of Warwickshire, with the town of Warwirk."]
Thomas Peacock. — Information is requested
concerning Thomas Peacock, who is commemo-
rated in a little work entitled, -—
"The Last Visitation, conflicts, and death of Mr.
Thomas Peacock, Batchellar of Divinity, and Fellow of
Brazen-nose Colledge, late Minister of Broughton in
North-hampton-shire. London, Printed for William
Miller at the guilded Acorn near the little north doore in
St. Paul's Church Yard, 1660."
Was he born at or near to Scptter in Lincoln-
shire ? Where is he buried ? Can his age be
ascertained ? EDWARD PEACOCK.
Manor Farm, Bottesford, Brigg.
[Wood in his Fasti, Part I. 326. Bliss, states that
" Thomas Peacock was a Cheshireman born, and tutor to
the famous Robert Bolton, the author of whose life (Ed-
ward Bagshawe) doth much celebrate the said Peacock
for his learning, and great sanctity of life and conversation.
He was buried in St. Mary's Church in Oxon, Dec. 1611."]
Eggs in Heraldry. — The other day I disco-
vered on an old piece of plate a coat of arms
(quartered) in which three eggs, in cups (proper,
I suppose), occurred. Neither Gwilliin, nor the
Glossary, contain any mention of the use of such.
Perhaps some of your readers may be able to help
354
NOTES AND QUERIES.
NO 44., Nov. 1. »56.
me. I have some suspicion that the quartering
is of an Italian family. Me. C.
[We know of no such' bearing in heraldry as eggs in
cups, or eggs at all ; our correspondent has probably been
misled by some partially obliterated engraving. The
bearings are most likely to be three sacramental cups
having the representation of the holy wafer in them ; or
the}' may be three covered cups, as in the arms of Butler,
either indistinctly engraved, or almost worn out through
age.]
Early Edition of Terence. — I have a copy of
Terence printed "in imperiali ac libera urbe Ar-
gentina, per mngistrum Joannem Griininger," in
1496. It has a great many woodcuts. I want to
know who the printer, " J. G.," was, and where
the " urbs " alluded to was ? R. S. T.
[Our correspondent is the fortunate possessor of a vo-
lume nearly as rare as it is remarkable for the highly
spirited and singular woodcuts which it contains. It is
the first and best of the editions printed by John Grii-
ninger at Strasbourg on the Lower Rhine. In the Bil-
liotheca Spenceriana, vol. ii. pp. 426 — 438., numerous fac-
similes and a very elaborate description is given of it.
Prosper Marchand, in his Diet. Hist. Typog., vol. i. pp.
289 — 294., has a valuable account of the productions of
Griininger, and places this impression as the ixth in the
copious list of his works.]
Office of Filazer.— In " N. & Q." (2nd S. i. 46.)
in a communication respecting Hugh Speke, I
find the following sentence :
" This young man (Charles Speke) was Filazer for
Devon, Dorset, Somerset, Bristol, and Poole : an office, I
presume, of honour and profit, as he had given 30007. for
it."
Can you tell me what the exact nature of the
duties of a " Filazer" was ? VESPERTILIO.
[A filazer (from Lat. filum, Fr. file, filace, a thread) is
an officer of the court of Common Pleas, and so called,
because he files those writs whereon he makes out pro-
cess. There are fourteen of those filazers in their several
divisions and counties, and they issue all writs and pro-
cesses upon original writs issuing out of Chancery, as well
real as personal and mixed, returnable to that court. ~By
2 & 3 Will. IV. c. 110. § 2., the filazer is declared to be
one of the five principal officers of the plea side of the
court, exclusive of the clerk of the pleas. Consult Tom-
Ijns's Law Dictionary, by Granger.]
Quarterings and Origin of Grants. — When
a man bears several quarterings on his coat of
arms, are his younger sons entitled to bear the
same, or to bear their paternal arms alone, with-
out the other quarterings ?
How can it be found out for what reason cer-
tain arms were granted to, or assumed by, certain
families ? R,. S. rj\
[All the children, males and females, of any person en-
titled to quarterings are equally entitled to bear whatever
their father was entitled to bear. There is no distinction
made between elder and younger sons. It is not always
stated in grants of arms why certain bearings are adopted
by the grantee ; sometimes in cases of public services, or
to commemorate particular family circumstances, the
reason and motive are stated, but ordinarily not so.]
THE OLD HUNDREDTH, BY WHOM COMPOSED.
(2nd S. ii. 34. 317.)
I am amazed that MR. J. W. PHILLIPS cannot
see the resemblance between Luther and the
Huguenot. To trace the unlike in the like, and
the like in the unlike, is not always easy, but to
make a labour of seeing the like in the like ap-
pears very strange. In Bach's Chorals, edited by
Dr. Becker, 1831, the Luther tune in diverse
shapes appears in pp. 8. 13. 67. 155. and 171. I
refer MR. PHILLIPS to pp. 13. and 155., in which
are the tunes numbered 14. and 268. I take G
major as the key- tone and the bass from Bach's
arrangement. The first, third, and fourth lines
of the Old Hundredth will be found in the tune
numbered 14. For example :
First Line.
Air - - G|G|F|E|D[G|A|B \\
Bass - - G | E | B | C | D | E | D | G ||
This line is identical with the old Hundredth.
G | A | B
Third Line.
A* | G [ E
| B
|F
[ G
D sh. E
G | D | G | C | B | C sh.
In the Luther tune the A marked with the aste-
risk is G, and the antepenultimate and penultimate
sound E and r appear in the alto part of Bach's
arrangement ; and it is manifest the composer of
the Old Hundredth produces the variation by an-
swering the ascent to the third of the key-sound
with a descent to the third below the key-sound.
Fourth Line.
D | B | G* I A_j C | B | A J G_||
B | E | G |F j"E"fD"| D j G ||*
With the exception of the G this line is identical
with the true form of the fourth line of the Old
Hundredth.
For the second line of the Old Hundredth turn
to No. 268., another and expanded version of
Luther's tune. In the first bar of the second line
of this tune appear the following sounds, which I
transpose from the key of c to that of G :
B | B | B | A
G | D sh. | E | C
The second half of this second line of the Old
Hundredth will be found in the tenth and eleventh
bars of this version of Luther :
G
C | B
B A | D E | A ||
It must be noticed that the bass of Bach to
Luther's tune runs throughout the four lines of
the Old Hundredth without any change.
The abbreviation sh. stands for the word sharp.
It is certain that if any man take one whole line
from the tune of another composer to eke out a
short composition of four lines, he must have that
2nd s. N° 44., Nov. 1. '56.]
NOTES AND QUEEIES.
355
tune very clearly in recollection, and the resem-
blances cannot be considered accidental. I dislike
the tune upon its artistic demerits. The fourth
sound in the first line, E, is a false rythmic accent.
The fourth sound in the second line, A, is the same
with the concluding sound of that line, and a great
blot. The fourth sound of the third line, and also
the fourth line, A, is the same as in the previous
line, and a still greater blot. The accented suc-
cession of the sound A no less than four times in a
short tune consisting only of eight accents cannot
be defended on any principle of musical art ; but
these objections do not apply to the tune in its
original rhythm, which, being a French creation
out of the Iambic trimeter, is offensive to English
notions of the march of the choral or hymn tune.
H. J. GAUNTLETT.
8. Powys Place, Oct. 21, 1856.
" CARMINA QUADRAGESIMALIA.
(2nd S. ii. 312.)
I have to thank MR. GUNNER for the trouble
which he has so kindly taken in forwarding a list
of the authors of the poems in the 2nd vol. of
Carmina Quadragesimalia to " N. & Q." The
first name on his list is, I imagine, the celebrated
one of —
" William Markham, born in 1719-20, who was edu-
cated at Westminster, and Ch. Ch., and for fourteen
years Head Master of Westminster, from 1750 to 1764 ;
he was afterwards Dean of Rochester, which he vacated
after the short period of two years for the Deanery of
Ch. Ch. In 1771, he was consecrated Bishop of Chester,
and in 1777, translated to the Archbishoprick of York,
which he held until the period of his death, A.D. 1806,
and lies buried in the Cloisters at Westminster. Dr.
Markham was also tutor to George IV."
It is matter of doubt with me whether the
third name on the list, that of Impey, be that of
Sir Elijah Impey, of whom Macaulay speaks in
such severe terms of censure in his celebrated
essay on Warren Hastings. Impey had been a
schoolfellow of Hastings at Westminster, circa
1742, under the mastership of Dr. Nicoll, and
when Vincent Bourne, of classic fame, was one of
the ushers (who does not recollect the Latin
poems of Vinny Bourne, "Cicindela, Cornicula,"
and his pupil Cowper's English version of them ?) ;
but I do not know whether he was at Christ
Church. Sir Elijah Impey went to India as
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. The date of
the second volume of the Carmina Quadragesi-
malia is 1748.
Lord Stormont was perhaps a nephew of Lord
Mansfield.
If my conjectures are wrong I hope some of
your numerous readers will rectify them : at any
rate, I heartily concur in MR. GUNNER'S wish,
" that some one may be found willing to tell us
something of men whose youthful efforts gave
such promise of future eminence." The poems
are so beautiful, and replete with elegance, that it
is much to be regretted they are comparatively so
little known. OXONIENSIS.
The following list of the authors of the first
volume of Carmina Quadragesimalia may be in-
teresting to some of your readers. It is taken
from a copy once the property of Elijah Impey,
Faculty student of Christ Church, son of the cele-
brated Sir Elijah, and nephew of Dr. James Im-
pey. The names given in the second volume vary
in some instances from those given by MR. GUN-
NER, and in other instances the names of the
authors are given where they do not seem to have
been assigned in his copy. I have placed an aste-
risk over those numbers in vol. i. where a double
authorship is pointed out :
Anonymous. 7. 15, 16. 19. 21, 22, 23, 24,25. 30, 31. 39. 57,
58. 60, 61, 62, 63. 65, 66. 77, 78. 81. 83, 84. 89. 91. 93, 94.
99, 100, 101. 107, 108. Ill, 112. 121. 126. 134. 141. 146,
147. 156, 157. 160. 170. 172. 176. 189, 193, 194. 199. 205.
209. 214.
Bramstone. 1. 13. 18. 41. 56. 169*.
Terry. 2. 206.
Stanyan. 3*. 35. 37. 201.
E. Smith. 3*. 14. 43*. 95. 103.
Welborn. 4.
Stratford. 5. 152*.
Manaton. 6. 185*.
Cade, 8. 52. 165.
Wigan, Jun. 10. 75*. 82. 120. 130. 138. 155. 197*. 203. 210.
G. Wigan. 11, 12. 50, 51. 67. 102. 114. 140. 185*. 192. 207.
208, 215.
Burton. 17.
Lee. 20. 45. 54. 59. 125*. 142. 166. 181. 188.
Este. 26. 143. 171. 173. 213*.
Forrester. 27. 38, 70. 72. 91. 109. 164. 178. 183. 196.
Booth. 28, 113. 158, 159, 163. 187.
Thomas. 29*. 33, 34. 40. 85. 105*. 123*. 125*. 151. 177. 190.
Davis. 29*. 87. 115.
Haslam. 32. 74. 76. 122. 127. 148.
Knipe, sen. 36. 48. 92*. 131.
Alsop. 42. 128*. 145. 204.
Adams. 43*.
Sealy. 44.
Manton. 47.
Warren. 49.
Battely. 53.
W. Jones. 55. 96. 161, 162.
L. Stevens. 64. 150. 195*.
Wainwright. 68. 105*. 136.
Bold. 69.184*.
Toilet. 71.
Sherman. 73. 128*.
Trelawney. 75*. 92*. 98*. 110. 123*. 124. 197*. 200. 213*.
Sutton. 79. 97. 117.
Palmer. 80. 90.
Gregory. 86. 133. 202. 212.
Sainsbury. 88.
Fanshaw. 106. 149. 174.
Stephens. 98. 169.
Le Hunte. 104.
Friend. 116. 137.
Wyatt. 118. 135.
Smalridge. 119. 179. 184*. 195*.
356
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd S. NO 44., Nov. 1. '56.
Langford. 129.
Ceast. 132. 182. 191.
Newton. 139.
Wright. 144.
Harrington. 152.
Fowlkes. 153.
Kimberly. 154. %
Dowdeswell. 167. 186.
Prescott. 168. 198.
Stone. 175. 211.
#«**;#. 180.
.Kemp. 212.
In the following instances my copy varies from
MR. GUNNER'S list in vol. ii. :
Wilcocks. 14. 88. 143.
Bruce. 14. 85, 86. 89. 99.
Stormont. 16. 39. 121. 128. 137.
Impey. 17. 94. 109. 112. 132. 145, 146. 160.
Sharpe. 29. 161.
Hay. SO. 36.
Keith. 49. 62, 63. 65, 66. 72.
Lewis. 64. 152.
Sale. 78.
Skynner. 102.
Hurley. 110.
Bedinyfidd. 114.
Varnan. 135.
There is another variation, viz. : my copy gives
Jubb, instead of Tubb, as the name of the author
of several, 38, £c. Jubb is probably the correct
name, as I find by the Alumni Westmonasterienses,
George Jubb was at Christ Church at this time.
B. N. C.
SARAH ISDELL.
(2nd S. ii. 288.)
I perfectly recollect this lady, about whom R. J.
inquires. It would be much to say I knew her,
inasmuch as I was a child of some six or seven
years old, when, " about fifty years since," she
lived as governess in the family of my uncle, a
baronet in the South of Ireland. She had then
the (to us children awful) repute of having written
a book ! and the prestige of being the " niece of
Oliver Goldsmith" (whose "Deserted Village,"
be sure, formed part of our best-loved recitation
tasks). Altogether she was an exalted and won-
derful personage in our little eyes ; and yet after-
reflection inclines me to doubt if her learning or
abilities were of a superior order, and to suspect
that her own education had not been very com-
plete or systematic. She was, however, very
sprightly and witty ; and had a measure of the
Goldsmith-e«w facility in rhyming, of which I
possess some specimens. I remember, that during
one severe winter a mock poetic warfare was
carried on in a daily interchange of notes be-
tween Miss Isdell and my own father, who pos-
sessed a very pleasant poetic taste and style. In
a severe season, every alternate day a missive was
sent through sludge and snow, and read aloud to
the after-dinner circles of two houses, to the great
delight of large and small folk, — concerning most
of whom, when I ask now " Where are they all ? "
an echo answers, " Where ?" I keep this poetic
correspondence, abounding in local family and
temporary allusions ; all very pungent and plea-
sant when written, but most of them by lapse of
time become now vapid and pointless. Miss Is-
dell's share of the correspondence was sprightly
enough, but here and there shows traces of the
then not uncommon feminine failing of an early
neglect of the spelling-book. And in no par-
tiality I say, that her poetry was but of mediocre
quality, and my father's far better.
Miss Isdell had left this situation before .the
year 1811, and did not, I think, long survive the
last date mentioned by R. J., namely, 1825. In
this, however, I may be mistaken. We used to
hear of her at intervals, as making fresh literary
ventures in novels of the " Minerva press" stamp,
but she never achieved a "success." "Scott's"
and Sarah Austin's style of novel came to throw
poor Sarah Isdell's books into the shade ; and,
except for the curious in such works, they have
probably long since gone to —
" Wrap the tart— or feed the moth."
A. B. R.
Belmont.
te£ to J&tma*
Bensley the Actor (1st S. iv. 115.) — Your cor-
respondent TEE BEE, amongst other inquiries re-
specting the Bensley family, inquires whether
Bensley the actor was any relation of Sir William
Bensley, Bart., a Director of the East India
Company, who died in 1809 ? I can inform TEE
BEE (unless you think too long a time has elapsed
since his Query, which I only noticed lately) that
Sir William was the uncle of the actor, and left
him the bulk of his property. TEAGUE.
Largesse (1st S. ix. 408.) — So recently as 1826,
it was the custom at Croydon, when a grand or
special jury was discharged, for the mob to follow
the jurymen, shouting largesse, in expectation of
a scramble for -silver.
HENRY T. RILEY.
Saguntum Sword Blades (2nd S. ii. 172.) — Only
the other day I noticed that an inquirer, assuming
the signature of CACADORE, asks " when Sahagun
was celebrated as a manufactory of swords ?" The
reason for this Query, he thus explains :
" I recently became possessed of an apparently very
old blade, of admirable temper, very narrow and long,
something like a claymore. On the blade is engraved
' SAHAGVN,' with several flourishes round it, and two or
three stars,"
And adds :
* I believe Sahagun to be the ancient Saguntum, where
2*1 S. N° 44., Nov. 1. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
357
the first hostilities occurred between Hannibal and the
Romans, and more recently distinguished as being the
scene of a cavalry engagement during the Peninsular
war."
Murviedro is the Saguntum of the ancients, and
its situation a league from the Mediterranean, or
four from Valencia. Population, 5,500. At the
opening of the Peninsular war, the place was for-
tified and garrisoned in the best manner circum-
stances would allow. In Sept. 1811, it was be-
sieged by Suchet, aided by Habert and Harispe,
when the invaders were repulsed. Driven to the
last extremity, the garrison subsequently surren-
dered. / This is the only important event that
occurred. There is not a municipal, or other re-
cord, to show that sword blades, in any quantity,
were ever manufactured there. The locality is
not favourable, as no steel can be had there.
Sahagun is a small town in the province of
Leon, fifteen leagues from Valladolid ; where, on
Dec. 21, 1818, in a brilliant action, Moore de-
feated a corps of French cavalry, and established
himself in the place, finding that Napoleon was
coining down upon him. The district of Sahagun
is exclusively agricultural ; and by no historian is
it mentioned that the town was ever celebrated
for the manufacture of side-arms, like Bilboa, and
other places in the Basque provinces, where the
best metal and expert workmen always abounded.
VlATOK.
Oxford.
Myosotis palustris, or Forget-me-not (2nd S. i.
270.) — Henry IV. of England (when Duke of
Hereford, I believe,) assumed this flower as his
emblem, with the motto, Souviens de moi, "Re-
member me." This is probably the origin of the
name " Forget-me-not," inquired for by your cor-
respondent. See Miss Strickland's Lives of the
Queens of Richard II. and Henry IV.
HENRY T. RILEY.
"No pent-up Utica," fyc. (1st S. xi. 503.)— The
lines, correctly written, read thus :
" No pent-up Utica contracts your powers,
But the whole boundless continent is yours,"
and are part of an Epilogue to Cato, written in
1778 by Jonathan Mitchell Sewall of Massachus-
setts. The entire poem is to be found in Duyck-
inck's Cyclopaedia of American Literature, vol. i.
pp. 286, 287. UNEDA.
Philadelphia.
Wm. Cooper (2nd S. ii. 307.)— -In reply to R.
J.'s Query respecting this gentleman, I beg to say
that if he writes to Wm. Cooper, Esq., or Carlos
Cooper, Esq., his brother barristers- at-law, Nor-
wich, he will get all the information, he requires :
but if he chooses, he can see or communicate with
the gentleman himself in London, at 3. Church-
yard Court, or 13. Grenville Street, Brunswick
Square. But in order to save your correspon-
dent trouble, I can inform him that Mr. Cooper is
a barrister, and was admitted at Lincoln's Inn as
such on June 10, 1831. He obtained his degree
of B. A. at Oxford ; and he wrote two other
dramas, — one called Mokanna, and the other
Zopyrus, the Hero of Persia. And I imagine he
wrote no more than the two above named ; and
the other referred to by your correspondent, as in
his dedication of Zopyrus, he describes it as his
third and last attempt. This last drama was acted
at Norwich on Feb. 13, 1844, and was published
by Matchett & Co. at Norwich, price 2$., in three
Acts. JOHN NURSE CHADWICK.
Motto for an Index (2nd S. i. 413.) —Would
the following serve your correspondent as a motto
for his index ?
" 2bi> TO /-ujvueiv e/xot." — Eurip. Suppl., V. 98.
From my own budget of these small wares a
sample or two may amuse some of your readers :
1. "*Aj>ijp eon Ilapios evflaSe <ro<£o?." — Plat. Apol. Socr.
might, years ago, have been written over the en-
trance of Hatton Parsonage.
2. "^aii/erai jiot KTJVOS t(ros Qeoi<riv
e/j-fji-ev wpijp." — Fragm. Su%>pl.
the admirers of a late tragedian, or of the hero of
Ghuznee, might equally adopt.
3. " Quicquid habes, age,
Depone tutis auribus." — Hor. i. 27. 17.
Inscription for a Romanist confessional.
4. If your correspondent (2nd S. i. 468.) dis-
covers the hippotaph of " Sorrel," he may be
disposed to write on it, &r07jAe icava xa^'TlfffV-> Hipp.
12. 37., while for William the Conqueror's horse
might be applied, with one word altered :
" Incessit per ignes
. Suppositos cineri doloso." — Hor. 2. 1. 6.
5. " Solliciti jaceant, terraque premantur iniqua
In longas orbem qui secuere vias."
Ov. Am. 2. 16. 15.
So would the late Col. Sibthorpe and other ene-
mies to railroads have said.
6. " Organa semper
In manibus." — Juvenal, vi. 379.
Heading for letters to The Times from fretful old
gentlemen complaining of street music,
7. "vEvij Kal ve'a."
The smart old maid-ewe dressed lamb fashion.
8. " «o>i> dexovTi -ye
A candidate for the voluntary theological at Cam-
bridge, now made compulsory as a step to ordi-
nation.
If word- quibbling is allowed :
9. " Alter erit turn Tiphys."
The Commissioners of Sewers read Typhus.
358
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2na S. NO 44., Nov. 1. '56.
10. " Nil clesperandum Teucro duce, et auspice Teucro."
Ducrow would have substituted himself for Teucer
to timid pupils in rough riding.
11. "Procul omnis absit
Clamor et ira." *
If written claymore, would have suited a Highland
hostel in the olden time. EFFIGIES.
Stamford.
Which is QuercustheEolur? (2nd S. ii. 309.) —
Sir William Hooker and Dr. Arnott, in the sixth
edition of The British Flora, designate Q. pedun-
culata as Q. Robur a ; and Q. sessiliflora as Q.
Robur /3.
It is not fair upon your general readers to give
them long extracts from printed books ;• nor would
it be consistent with your title, " NOTES AND
QUERIES," to publish them at length ; but I am
glad of an opportunity of conveying information
to your correspondents, and at the same time
placing on record in your pages several passages
whence information on this question of the value
of the two species (or varieties, be they which
they may) cau be derived. I therefore refer him
to Evelyn's Silva, edit. 1786, vol. i. pp. 67. et seq.;
Selby's British Forest Trees, 1842, pp. 243. 246.
et seq. ; Low on Landed Property, 1844, p. 577.;
Gardeners Chronicle, 1841, pp. 3, 4. 70. 102. 344.
735. 812. 843. ; 1842, 5. 723. ; 1844, 53. 335. 450.
736.; 1845, 471, 655. 705. 721. 737. 818. 837.
856, 857.; 1854, 40.; 1855, 104.696. 728.742.
756. 803. 821. 854. ; 1856, 51. 102. 134. 191. 283.
405. 454. 518. I would observe also, that the
mere noting the single character whether the
acorns are stalked or sessile, will not suffice to
distinguish the species or variety. The petioles
of the leaves must also be noted, which in Q.
pedunculata are almost obsolete, and of a reddish-
green colour; while in Q. sessiliflora they are
long and of a yellowish-green colour. If this
character is not attended to, the tree may prove to
be a mere variety or subvariety of Q. pedunculata.
GEO. E. FRERE.
Royden Hall, Diss.
I have always understood that the Quercus
rolur had the minority ; and as far as my ob-
servation has gone, in Devonshire, the Quej^cus
sessilis is the far more abundant variety.
CIRCUMNAVIGATOR.
Death at Will (2nd S. ii. 147.) — One of the re-
corded cases of this kind is that of Jerom Cardan,
described by himself in his work De Rerum Va-
rietate. Not having the book to refer to, I copy
Bayle's quotation of the passage (Diet. " Car-
dan ") :
"Quoties .yolo, extrh, seusum quasi in extasim
transeo Sentio durn earn ineo, ac (ut verius
dicam) facio, juxta cor quandam separationem, quasi anima
abscederet, totique corpori res haec communicatur, quasi
ostiolum quoddam aperiretur. Et initium hujus est a
capite, maxime cerebello : diffunditurque per totam dorsi
spinam, vi magna continetur : hocque solum sentio, quod
sum extra meipsum, magnaque quadam vi paululum me
contineo."
Mr. Couch in his Illustrations of Instinct refers
to this case, and that of Col. Townshend, and
another mentioned by St. Augustine, and con-
siders this extraordinary faculty of voluntary
ecstasy to be analogous to that which he supposes
to be exercised by hybernating animals. F.
Premature Interments (2nd S. ii. 278.) — Some
account of Dr. Graham and his assistant, Lady
Hamilton, is given in an amusing collection called
Professional Anecdotes, or Area of Medical Lite-
rature, 3 vols. 12mo., London, vol. i. p. 22,
H. B., F.R.C.S.
Warwick.
Etymology of "Fellow" (2nd S. ii. 285.) — In
confirmation of MR. BATES'S derivation of this
word, see Cotgrave's French' English Dictionary,
London, 1650:
" Un fientil fulot. A trimme mate, sweet youth, fine
fellow indeed ; a good companion sure ; (ironically, or with
an ironical allusion to our word goodfdlow}.
" Falotement. Good-fellow-like."
CHRIS. ROBERTS.
South Place, Norwood.
Proportion of Males and Females (2nd S. ii.
268.) — What is the fact as to the census of Eu-
rope, I cannot say ; and it is not much to the
purpose, as far as the Mormonite argument for
polygamy is concerned. That each man is in-
tended by his Maker to have but one wife is
pretty clear to all whose eyes are not wilfully
blinded ; from the fact, that the birth of males
and females is nearly equal. Last week, the
Registrar-General gives the return of births in
London : boys 828, girls 768.
I know several sad cases of Mormon delirium
in this country. One poor man, whom I have
known for years, has been swindled out of nearly
all his little property, the savings of an industrious
life ; and when he refused to give up the last
home he had left, he was, in great form, turned
out of the society. His eyes are now open, when
he finds himself an old man and destitute.
A. HOLT WHITE.
Oct. 12.
Eufus, or the Red King (2nd S. ii. 269.) —This
romance was written by Mr. James Gregor
Grant, author of Madonna Pia, and other poems.
I have seen a presentation copy, in the inscription
on which Mr. Grant acknowledges the authorship.
S. H.
Edinburgh.
2nd s. N° 44., Nov. 1. '56.]
NOTES AND QUEEIES.
359
Husbands authorised to beat their Wives (2nd S.
ii. 108. 219. 297.) — Perhaps the following curious
extract in connexion with this subject may be
worth recording in " N. & Q. : "
" Wife-beating advocated by a Clergyman, Sfc. — A very
large number of wife-beating cases have recently been
brought before the magistrates at Whitehaven, where
there exists a sect of professing Christians who propagate
the opinion that the practice is in accordance with the
word of God. The Kev. Geo. Bird, formerly rector of
Cumberworth, near Huddersh'eld, has established himself
there, and drawn together a congregation ; and within
the last few weeks it has transpired that he holds the
doctrine that it is perfectly scriptural for a man to beat
his wife. About six weeks ago, James Scott, a member
of Mr. Bird's congregation, was summoned by his wife for
brutally beating her because she refused to attend the
same place of worship that he did. When before the
magistrates, Mrs. Scott said she had no wish her hus-
band should be punished if he would promise not to ill-
use her badly again. When asked by the magistrates
whether he would make the requisite promise, he refused,
saying, ' Am I to obey the laws of God, or the laws of
man ? ' As he would not give the promise, the magis-
trates committed him to prison for a month, with hard
labour. The Rev. Mr. Bird has since delivered a course
of lectures on the subject of Scott's conviction. He con-
tends that it is a man's duty to rule his own household ;
and if his wife refuse to obey his orders, he is justified, ac-
cording to the law of God, in beating her in order to en-
force obedience." — The Examiner, Oct. 11. 1856.
Vox.
Rustington Church (2nd S. ii. 310.) — The
foundation of this church is not recorded, except
by the presumed dale of its most ancient portions.
It did not exist when Domesday Book was com-
piled, A»D. 1080 — 1086 ; but Ru sty n tone is men-
tioned in Pope Nicolas' Taxation made in A.D.
1291, at which time the tower and the south
range of the nave may have been erected about a
century ; at least, they bear the character of
Richard I.'s age, when the Norman style was be-
ginning to yield to the Early English. The chan-
cel is in the latter style, and may be some thirty
years more recent than the earlier building. The
north range of the nave, the north aisle, and the
projection at the east end of the latter, are in the
Perpendicular style, and erected early in Henry
VII.'s reign, though their respective ages differ a
little. The south aisle has been rebuilt since
Dallaway's time. One porch in an unusual posi-
tion at the west end, and another on the north
side, are both ancient. There are the remains of
an exquisite piscina in. the building, at the east
end of the north aisle, and also a squint com-
manding the east end of the chancel, which would
lead to the supposition that this erection had once
been a chantry, where masses were said to the
memory of some deceased benefactor ; but it may
have been intended also as an enlargement of the
church for the accommodation of his family. Near
to the opening of \\\Q squint in the chancel are
the remains of the rood-loft stair, and there is
another squint on the south side. Altogether
Rustington is a fine church, and I regret that I
have not been able to recover more of its history.
PATONCE.
Hillier Family (2nd S. i. 53.) — Is not this a
form of the word Hettyer, a not uncommon family
name in Devonshire ? where it has the meaning
also of " tiler," so far as I can recollect.
HENRY T. RILEY.
NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.
Our worthy publishers, Messrs. Bell & Daldy, have
just issued a couple of volumes which we are sure will be
welcome, not only to readers for amusement, to whom
they are more especially addressed, but also to those who
read for information. 'They are entitled, Stories by an
Archaeologist and his Friends ; and we cannot perhaps
give a better idea of their contents than by describing
what the stories are, and by whom they are related :
first premising that they form a series of pretty pic-
tures illustrative of the poetry — real, deep poetry —
which lurks in the apparently dry study of Archeology ;
and that they are set in a pleasant framework, perhaps
not altogether fictitious, which makes them the result of
the meetings of a knot of friendly antiquaries assembled
at Rome. The stories are : — I. The Bibliophilist's Story :
The Lost Books of Livy. II. The Botanist's Story : The
Crimson Drop. III. The Numismatist's Story : The.
Pentadrachm of Ptolemy. IV. The English Archaeologist's
First Story : Discoverers and their Persecutors. V. The
Surgeon's Story : The Imperial Barber. VI. The Young
Painter's Story : The Student of the Vatican. VII. The
Biographer's Story: The Field of May. VIII. The
Spaniard's Story : The Auletes (a Numismatic anecdote).
IX. The Archaeologist's Second Story : The Figure in the
Tapestry. And, lastly, X. The Spaniard's Second Story :
The Pianola of Puerto de Santa Maria.
While on trie subject of archaeological works, we may call
attention to one which has long been waiting our notice,
but to which we have felt ourselves unable to do justice
within the limited space which we can afford to such
subjects. It is entitled The lost Solar System of the An-
cients discovered by John Wilson ; and two volumes more
closely filled with mathematical calculations based on
antiquarian reading, and illustrative of subjects of deep
interest to the antiquary, the historian, and, indeed, the
general reade/ it would be hard to find.
BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES
WANTED TO PURCHASE.
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NOVUM ORGANUM. Translated by Peter Shaw,' frith Notes Critical and
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*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, carriage free, to be
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Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct to
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Wanted by William J. Thorns, Esq., 25. Holywell Street, Millbnnk,
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360
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
NO 44., Nov. 1. '56,
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GENERAL YUSSUF'S ALGIERS. Translated.
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ta
In consequence of the number of QUERIES, QUERIES -WITH ANSWERS, c
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to postpone until next week that portion of the NOTES ON CURLL, 3
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Westminster Scholars, and to abridge our usual NOTES ON BOOKS.
A. A. D. Has our Correspondent any part Q/the Volume of which
he is in want ? Where can we address a private letter to him f
F.S.T. (Carlisle.) The line
" Felix quem faciunt aliena pericula cautum,"
is found in Cyllenius'1 Commentary on Tibullus, 1493. See our 1st S. x.
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BEDSTEADS, BATHS, AND
LAMPS. — WILLIAM S. BURTON
has SIX LARGE SHOW-ROOMS devoted
exclusively to the SEPARATE DISPLAY of
Lamps, Baths, and Metallic Bedsteads. The
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Shower Baths, from - 7*'. 6cZ. to bl. 15s. each.
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(All other kinds at the same rate.)
Pure Colza Oil - - 4s. 8d. per gallon.
pUTLERY WARRANTED.—
\ i The most varied Assortment of TABLE
CUTLERY in the world, all warranted, is on
SALE at WILLIAM S. BURTON'S, at prices
that are remunerative only because of the
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Is. per dozen extra; Carvers, 4s. perpair; larger
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handled Table Knives and Forks, Gs. per doz. ;
Table Steels, from Is. each. The largest Stock
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rpFIE PERFECT SUBSTITUTE
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SILVER, introduced 20 years ago by WIL-
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Table Spoons and
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Dessert ditto and
ditto, per doz. - 10s. . . 21*. . . 25s.
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The late additions to these extensive pre-
mises (already by far the largest in Europe),
are of such a character that the entire of Eight
Houses is devoted to the display of the most
magnificent stock of GENERAL HOUSE
IRONMONGERY (including Cutlery. Nickel
Silver, Plated Goods, Baths, Brushes, Turnery,
Lamps, Gaseliers, Iron and Brass Bedsteads,
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including the Collodion, Albumen, Calotype,
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which is added a paper on the method of taking
Stereoscopic Pictures, and also one on " Fail-
ures, their Causes and Remedies,' ' by Charles
A. Long.
Published by BLAND & LONG, Photographic
Apparatus Makers, and Operative Chemists,
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MATERIALS, may be had on application, OP
in course of Post.
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OF PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS AND
MATERIALS, may be had on application, or
in course of Post.
153. Fleet Street, London.
R. KAHN'S ANATOMICAL
MUSEUM, 4. Coventry Street, Lei-
cester Square — Open for Gentlemen only,
from 10 till 10. Containing upwards of 1000
Models and Preparations, illustrating every
part of the human frame in health and disease,
the races of men,&c. Lectures are delivered
at 12.2, and at half-past 7, Evening, by DR.
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by DR. KAHN. Admission , Is.
D
2nd S. NO 45., Nov. 8. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
361
LONDON, SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 8, 1856.
STRAY NOTES ON EDMUND CURLL, HIS LIFE, AND
PUBLICATIONS.
Wo. 4. — How Curll was punished by the
Westminster Scholars.
We will now turn our attention to the next diffi-
culty in which Curll's greed for publication appears
to have embroiled him in this unlucky year, 1716.
We have just seen him engaged with a single
adversary, strong, subtle, virulent, — a scorpion
whose bite was fatal, — we shall now find him
surrounded by a host of enemies, a cloud of mos-
quitoes, each ready with his tiny but irritating
sting to add to the torments of their victim.
On Sunday, July 8, 1716, the Church of Eng-
land lost one of her greatest sons. On that day
died the learned, pious, and witty Robert South,
Prebendary of Westminster, and Canon of Christ
Church, Oxford. Four days after his decease,
his corpse, having for some time lain in a decent
manner in the Jerusalem Chamber, was brought
thence into the College Hall, where a Latin ora-
tion was pronounced over it by Mr. John Barber,
then Captain of the King's Scholars.* Of this
funeral discourse Curll would appear, by some
means or other, to have obtained a copy; and, pre-
suming from the celebrity of South's name that
it would be readily purchased by the public, he —
" did th' Oration print
Imperfect, with false Latin in't." f
This appears to have excited the anger of
Barber and the King's Scholars, and they de-
termined upon taking vengeance in a very charac-
teristic manner upon the unlucky Curll. They
decoyed him into Dean's Yard, on the pretence of
giving him a more perfect copy of the Oration,
but when they had got him within their power
they gave him a taste of the " discipline of the
school," and something more. What were the
" Purgings, pumpings, blankettings and blows,"
to which he was subjected on this occasion, we are
told in the following letter, which appeared at the
time in The St. James's Post.
" King's College, Westminster,
August 3, 1716. •
" SIE, — You are desired to acquaint the public that a
certain bookseller near Temple Bar, not taking warning
* Barber was admitted into St. Peter's College in 1712 ;
elected to Oxford, 1717 ; and took his degree of M.A. in
1724.
t The writer of these Notes has not been able to meet
with a copy of this imperfect edition of Barber's Oration.
It is reprinted in the Posthumous Works of South issued
by Curll in 1717, and which contains the Life of South
to which reference has already been made. It should also
be mentioned that Curll published in the same year (1717)
an octavo volume containing South's Opera Posthuma £a-
*ina,&c. — S. N. M.
by the frequent drubs that he has undergone for his often
pirating other men's copies, did lately, without the con-
sent of Mr. John Barber, present Captain of Westminster
School, publish the scraps of a Funeral Oration, spokea
by him over the corpse of the Rev. Dr. South. And being
on Thursday last fortunately nabbed within the limits of
Dean's Yard, by the King's Scholars there, he met with a
college salutation, for he was first presented with the
ceremony of the blanket, in which, when the skeleton had
been well shook, he was carried in triumph to the school ;
and after receiving a grammatical construction for his
false concords, he was reconducted to Dean's Yard, and on
his knees asking pardon of the aforesaid Mr. Barber for
his offence, he was kicked out of the Yard, and left to the
huzzas of the rabble.
" I am, Sir, yours, &c.
« T. A."
This story was too good to be lost. Pope, in a
letter to Martha Blount, alludes to " Mr. Edmund
Curll having been exercised in a blanket, and
whipped at Westminster School by the boys,
whereof the common prints have given some ac-
count," and it was made the theme of a pam-
phlet which, although it has already been the sub-
ject of some communications to " N. & Q.," well
deserves to be reproduced in this place. It
occupies sixteen octavo pages in the original, but
will take very little room in these columns. It is
entitled :
" Neck or Nothing*
A Consolatory Letter from Mr. D — nt — n to Mr. C — rll,
upon his being Tost in a Blanket, &c.
' Id cogito quod res est quando eum qua3stum occeperis,
Accipiunda et mussitanda injuria adolescentium est.'
TEKENT.
' Truth is truest poesy.' — COWLEY.
Sold by Charles King in Westminster Hall. MDCCXVI.
Price 4d"
" Lo ! I that erst the glory spread
Of Worthies, who for Monmouth bled,
In letters black, and letters red :
To thee, Dear Mun, Condolence write,
As suff'rer from the Jacobite :
For just as they were martyrs, so
A glorious Confessor art thou :
Else should this matchless pen of mine
Vouchsafe thee not a single line;
Nor wave its politicks for this,
Its dark and deep discoveries,
Nor for a moment should forbear
To charge the faction in the rear.
Could none of thy poetick band
Of mercenary wits at hand,
Foretell, or ward the coming blow,
From garret high, or cellar low?
Or else at least in verse bemoan
Their Lord, in double sense cast down ?
Or wast thou warn'd, and couldst believe
That habit fitted to deceive,
That corner'd cap, and hanging sleeve ?
What Protestant of sober wits
Would trust folks drest like Jesuits ?
* This tract must not be confounded with John Dun-
ton's Neck or Nothing, in a Letter to the Earl of Oxford,
1713, noticed in Swift's Public Spirit of the Whigs, Scott's
edition of Swift's Works, iv. 224.
362
NOTES AND QUERIES.
45., Nov. 8. '56.
And couldst thou, Mun, be such a sot
As not to smell a#p'owder-plot ?
And looking nine ways couldst not spy
What might be seen with half an eye.
What planet rul'd that luckless day,
When thou, by traitors calPd away,
Thy hasty hapless course didst steer
To fatal flogging Westminster?
For hat and gloves you call'd in haste,
And down to execution pass'd.
Small need of hat and gloves, I trow ;
Thou mightst have left thy breeches too !
Perhaps thy soul, to gain inclin'd,
Did gratis copies think to find ;
Or else, mistaken hopes, expected
To have at least the press corrected.
Correction they designing were
More difficult, but better far.
Tho' whatsoe'er the knaves intended,
Thou'rt but corrected, not amended.
No ! let it ne'er by man be said,
The pirate's frighted from his trade:
Tho' vengeful Birch should flea his thighs, ")
Tho' toss'd from Blankets he should rise, V
Or stand fast nail'd to pillories ! J
" To see thee smart for copy-stealing,
My bowels yearn with fellow feeling.
Have I alone oblig'd the press
With fifteen hundred treatises,
Printers and stationers undone,
A plagiary in ev'ry one ?
Yet always luckily have sped,
Nor suffer'd in my tail or head.
My shoulders oft have ach'd, 'tis true,
Misfortune frequent with us two !
Law claims from thieves, and pamphleteers,
Stripes on the back, and pain of ears ;
And cudgels too a power derive
Around our sides executive :
A power, tho' not by statute lent,
Yet justified by precedent.
But law or custom does not give
Such tyrannous prerogative ;
To turn thy brains, and then extend
Their fury 'to thy nether end !
" Inhuman punishment, inflicted
By stripling Tories, rogues addicted
To arbitrary Constitution ;
'Twas Kome ! 'Twas downright persecution !
I sweat to think of thy condition
Before that barb'rous Inquisition.
Lo ! wide-extended by the crowd,
The Blanket, dreadful as a shroud,
Yawns terrible, for thee, poor Mun,
To stretch, but not to sleep upon.
Glad wouldst thou give thy copies now,
And all thy golden hopes forego ;
Some favour from their hands to win,
And 'scape but once with a whole skin :
Yet vain, alas ! is thy repentance,
For Neck or Nothing is thy sentence :
How dost thou lessen to the sight,
With more than a poetick flight?
I ken thee dancing high in air,
With limbs alert, and quiv'ring there :
So, whizz'd from stick, I've seen to rise
A frog, sent sprawling to the skies,
By naughty boys, on sport intent,
Caught straggling from its element.
This scene some Graver shall invite,
To stamp thy form in black and white :
Haply in future times to grace
Some ever-open frontispiece.
With mouldy veteran authors stale,
Sustain'd by packthread and a rail :
Where CROUCH, sweet story-teller, keeps,
And BUNYAN, happy dreamer, sleeps :
Near him perchance aerial Thou,
Aloft shalt thy proportion show ;
For ever carv'd on wooden plate,
Shalt hang i'th' air like Mahomet.
Whate'er thine effigy might do,
Thy person could not hover so.
Happy at Westmirfster for thee,
Cou'dst thou have hung by geometry ?
But, ah! the higher mortals soar,
So Fate ordains, they fall the lower ;
With swifter rapidness down-hasting,
For nothing violent is lasting.
With greater force thy forehead came,
Than engine, or than batt'ring ram ;
Nor blankets interposing wool,
Could save the pavement, or the skull.
" This sure might seem enough for once, oh !
This tossing up, and tumbling down so ;
And well thy stomach might incline
To spue without emetick wine :
Their rage goes farther, and applies
More fundamental injuries!
" Like truant, doom'd the lash to feel,
Thou'rt dragg'd, full sore against thy will,
To school to suffer more and worse,
No wonder if you hang an arse :
As thy posteriors could foresee
Their near-approaching destiny.
The school, the direful place of Fate,
Opes her inhospitable gate ;
Which ne'er had yet such rigour seen,
No ! not from BUSBY'S discipline.
And, first of all, the cruel rabble
Conduct thee, trembling, to a table :
Thy wriggling corps across they spread,
Two guard the heels, and two the head.
The rest around, a threatning band,
With each his fasces in his hand,
Dreadful, as Roman lictors stand.
So oft a four-legg'd cur I've known,
By hind legs, and by fore kept down
To be dissected, while physician
Stands o'er with weapon of incision.
The scene they order to disclose:
' Strip, pull his breeches o'er his hose :
' Nay, farther, make the coast yet clearer,
' Tho' near the shirt, the skin is nearer.'
So said, so done, they soon uncase
Thy only penetrable face,
The breech, the seat of bashfulness.
As hence we gather by its caring,
So very rarely for appearing ;
Nor oft its pretty self revealing,
Devoid of sight, but not of feeling :
And now upon thy rump they score thee,
And pink thy fleshy cushions for thee.
" Come, hold him fair, we'll make him know
What 'tis to deal with scholars — « Oh ! '
Quoth EDMUND : — Now, without disguise,
Confess, quo' they, thy rogueries.
What makes you keep in garret high
Poor bards tied up to Poetry ?
irer
s. NO 45., Nov. 8. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
363
4 I'm forc'd to load them with a clog,
To make them study : ' Here's a rogue
Affronts the school, we'll make thee rue it :
— « Indeed, I never meant to do it ! '
No? didst thou not th' Oration print
Imperfect, with false Latin in't?
4 O pardon ! ' — No, Sir, have a care,
False Latin's never pardou'd here !
4 Indeed, I'll ne'er do so figen,
4 Pray handle me like gentlemen : ' —
Yes, that we will, Sir, never fear it,
Your betters have been forc'd to bear it.
Thus shaking the tyrannick rod,
Insulting thy backside they stood,
And with a lash, as is their fashion,
Finish'd each smart expostulation.
" Tho' all that can by man be said,
Can ne'er beat sense into thy head ;
Yet sure this method cannot fail,
Quick to convey it to thy tail.
As when a purge, that's upwards ta'en,
Scours not the stubborn bowels clean ;
More surely operating clyster,
At t'other end they administer.
" I Westminster so much should hate,
Had I been yerkt like thee thereat :
I'm sure I should not care at all,
To come so near it as the Hall.
Hast thou not oft enough in Court
Appear'd, and often smarted for't ?
And dost thou not, with many a brand,
Recorded for a Pirate stand ?
Glad that a fine could pay th' arrears,
And clear the mortgage of thy ears !
Then what relief dost hope to draw,
From that which still condemns thee, Law ?
And if from Law no help there be,
I'm sure there's none from Equity :
Lay hand on heart, and timely think,
The more thou stir'st, the more thou'lt stink :
And tho' it sorely gauls thee yet,
Well as thou canst, sit down with it :
And since to rage will do no good,
Pull in thy horns, and kiss the Rod ;
And while thou canst, retreat, for fear
They fall once more upon thy rear.
" Tho' 'tis vexatious, Mun, I grant,
To hear the passing truants taunt,
And ask thee at thy shop in jeer,
4 Which is the way to Westminster ? '
Oh ! how th' unlucky urchins laugh'd,
To think they'd maul'd thee fore and aft :
'Tis such a sensible affront !
Why, POPE will make an epic on't !
BERNARD will chuckle at thy moan,
And all the booksellers in town,
From TONSON down to BODDINGTON.
Fleet Street and Temple-Bar around,
The Strand and Holborn, this shall sound :
For ever this shall grate thine ear,
4 Which is the way to Westminster? ' "
Prefixed is a plate, divided into three compart-
ments : the first exhibits Curll being " presented
with the ceremony of the blanket." In the second,
he is prostrated on a table receiving a flagellation
where one wound, 'tis said,
" hurts honour more
Than twenty when laid on before." .
In the third, he is on his bended knees between
two files of the Westminster scholars, "asking
pardon of the aforesaid Mr. Barber."
This satirical piece has been very generally
attributed to Samuel Wesley *, eldest son of the
Rector of Epworth, first a scholar, and afterwards
for nearly twenty years usher, of Westminster
School; and in a copy now before us there is
written on the title-page, in an old if not con-
temporary hand, " By Sam Wesley." He is thus
noticed in The Curliad, p. 10. :
"The Rev. Mr. Wesley, one of the assistants of West-
minster School, is omitted in the Dunclad Variorum. This
line —
4 And furious Dennis foam in Wesley's rage ' — «
is now altered —
' And all the Mighty Mad in Dennis rage.'
The former edition being now pretended to have been
a surreptitious one : wherein likewise stood this couplet
viz.:
4 A Gothic Vatican ! of Greece and Rome
Well purg'd and worthy Wesley, Watts, and Broome.'
The names are now changed to Withers, Quarles, and
Blome, with this palliation for the three priests, that they
4 were persons eminent for good life ; the one (Mr. Samuel
Wesley) writ the Life of Christ in verse ; the other (Isaac
Watts) some valuable pieces in the lyric kind on pious
subjects, the title of his poems heing Horce Lyricae.
And Mr. John Broome has assured me that the assistance
he gave Mr. Pope in his notes upon Homer were lucu-
brations of labour not small."
How far this poetical effusion led to the friend-
ship which subsequently existed between Pope
and Samuel Wesley is uncertain ; but that they
were on friendly terms is evident from the follow-
ing interesting letter, printed in the Gentleman's
Magazine, Ivii. 589. :
" To the Rev. Mr. Wesley, at Tiverton, Devon.
"Twitenham, Oct. 21 [1734?].
"DEAR SIR, — Your letter had not been so long un-
answered, but that I was not returned from a journey of
some weeks when it arrived at this place. You may "de-
pend upon the money for the Earl of Peterborow, Mr.
Bethel, Dr. Swift, and Mr. Echersall, which I will pay
beforehand to any one you shall direct ; and I think you
may set down Dr. Delany, whom I will write to. I de-
sired my Lord Oxford, some months since, to tell you
this: it was just upon my going to take a last leave of
Lord Peterborow, in so much hurry that I had not time
to write ; and my Lord Oxford undertook to tell it you
from me. I agree with you in the opinion of Savage's
strange performance, which does not deserve the benefit of
the clergy. Mrs. Wesley has my sincere thanks for her
good wishes in favour of this wretched tabernacle my
body ; the soul that is so unhappy to inhabit it deserves
her regard something better, because it really harbours
much good-will for her husband and herself, no man
being more truly, dear Sir, your affectionate and faithful
servant, " ALEXANDER POPE."
* In The Memoirs of the Society of Grub Street, vol. i.
p. 16., the work is distinctly said to have been written by
Wesley.
364
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd g. NO 45., Nov. 8. '56.
But Wesley was not the only one who cele-
brated Curll's misfonunes in verse. One of the
authors of the Carmina Quadragesimalia, as has
already been shown (ante, p. 21.), made them his
theme, and one of the writers of The Grub*Street
Journal translated it into English. In plain prose
he was often reproached by allusion to these in-
dignities. Thus in The Theatre Royal Turrid
into a Mountebank Stage. In some Remarks upon
Mr. Gibbers Quack- Dramatical Performance called
The Non- Juror. By a N on- Juror, London, Mor-
phew, 1718, the author says, p. 33. :
"Were I to follow the Example of him that has pub-
lish'd a Key to Mr. Gibber's Nonjuror, that has no such
thing as a Lock to it, I should take leave of the Reader
here, and more Curleano, after I had accus'd others of
Plagiarism, at the same time as no one breathing was
more guilty of making bold with other men's Works than
himself. Though how he came to overlook his Author's
Tossing St. Bartholomew in a Blanket, before a Mob-
Audience in a Theatre, without some retrospection upon
the late treatment of a near acquaintance of his at West-
minster College, or for what reason he suffer'd Mr. Jo-
seph Gay to fall foul upon the Obscenity of the Play,
without, asking pardon of God and the World for his
Bookseller's Cases of Impotency, and other surreptitious
Ribaldry, that I suppose is to himself or will remain to
others a secret."
And years afterwards (1745) the author of the
Remarks on Squire Ayres Memoirs of Pope twits
Curll by relating that, —
*' One of the first Things that made him talk'd of among
the learned World, was that in 1716, soon after the Fune-
ral of Doctor South, he having by some means procured
an imperfect Copy of the Funeral Oration spoken by one
of the King's Scholars publis'i'd it; upon which the rest
of that Fraternity, under pretence of helping him to a
more perfect Copy, dccoy'd him to their Hall, where they
amused themselves some time with tossing him in a
Blanket ; and afterwards Conducting him to the School,
gave him the discipline of the Rod till that very Instru-
ment of Vengeance wept, as Shakspear has it, for the poor
Bookseller's Sufferings."
Lastly, to prove that the story is a fact, and not,
as might be supposed, a fiction, we have Curll's
own confession ; who, remarking upon Pope's
note on The Dunciad, bk. ii. lines 143-4., where
the poet speaks of " Curll's being toss'd in a
Blanket," thus acknowledges in The Curliad,
p. 25., the general truth of the story :
" To pursue thee, Scriblerus, to p. 35., thou continued in
leesing, for what thou assertest in the second column of
thy remarks upon that page, concerning a blanket, &c.
was a rugg, and the whole controversy relating thereunto
shall one day see the light."
Can any reader of " N. & Q." say whether
Curll kept his promise, and whether " the whole
controversy" ever did see the light? S. N. M.
ORIENTAL LITERATURE.
The enclosed communication has been for-
warded to me, and as I consider the project very
important I hope you will kindly give it pub-
licity :
« To Orientalists. — Dr. F. Boettcher of Dresden has
been engaged for several years in preparing a work en-
titled ' Bibliotheca Semitica,' which is to contain bio-
graphical notices of all scholars who have contributed in
any way to the advancement of Biblical or other Oriental
studies, with lists of their writings. To render the work
as complete as possible, he earnestly requests information
on the following points, from such British scholars as
have written on the grammar, literature, history, geo-
graphy, antiquities, &c,, of the Hebrew, Phoenician,
Chaldee, Syriac, Samaritan, Arabic, Assyrian (cuneiform
inscriptions), Egyptian, and Ethiopic : — name in full,
date and place of birth, to what religious denomination
they belong ; the positions they hold, or have held, with
date of appointment to each ; complete lists of their writ-
ings, including articles in reviews, encyclopaedias, &c.
(specifying in these cases the number, or volume, and
page).
" Various orientalists have agreed to aid Dr. B. in his
publication, — such as Doru, Fleischer, De Gayangos,
Juynboll, Renau, Robinson, and Sprenger. British scho-
lars who may be inclined to comply with the above re-
quest, are desired to communicate by letter (prepaid),
before the 20th of December, with Wm. Wright, Professor j
of Arabic, Trinity College, Dublin."
If you can print the above you will promote a j
very desirable literary undertaking, and yet not
needlessly burden your pages with communica-
tions on the subject. B. H. COWPER.
ILLUSTRATIONS OP MACAULAT.
The Fall of Namur. — In reference to the fall
of Namur, Mr. Macaulay says (History of Eng-
land, vol. iv. p. 600.) :
" The joy of the conquerors was heightened by the re-
collection of the discomfiture which they had suffered
three vears before on the same spot, and of the insolence
with which their enemy had then triumphed over them.
They now triumphed in their turn. The Dutch struck
medals — the Spaniards sang Te.De.ums. Many poems,
serious and sportive, appeared, of which one only has
lived. Prior burlesqued with admirable spirit and plea-
santry the bombastic verses in which Boileau had cele-
brated the first taking of Namur. The two odes printed
side by side were read with delight in London, and the
critics'at Wills pronounced that in wit as in arms Eng-
land had been victorious."
A curious piece of the day of 120 pages, 18mo.
(in my possession) may not have come under the
notice of Mr. Macaulay, notwithstanding his inde- j
fatigable researches. It is entitled Entretien Du j
Marechal de Luxembourg et de Francois de Chan- \
vallon Archveque de Paris Dans les Champs Elizees
sur la Prise de Namur VAn 1695, printed "Chez
les Heretiers de Pierre Marteau, 1695," under- |
stood to be from the press of the Elzevirs of Hol-
land in that feigned name. It is an entertaining
and gossiping dialogue on the siege and fall of
Namur, and of the opinion of the parties as to the
political prospects of both France and England in
relation to this great event, which had just signal-
S. N° 45., Nov. 8. '56.]
NOTES AND QUEEIES.
365
ised the allied arms, Chanvallon taking the part
of Louis, and Luxembourg predisposed to that of
William. The conversation is in whole seasoned
with much pungent raillery, and supported with
considerable ability, and, whoever was the author,
he must have been pretty well acquainted with
the current of public feeling. It would be too
long to engross the pages of " N. & Q." with
topics which are generally well known ; but a
few specimens, chiefly from the more witty and
poetical part of the publication, may be quoted.
At p. 5., Chanvallon speaking of the fortress
of Namur, the editor of " N". & Q." may be fur-
nished with an interesting "Door-head Inscrip-
tion " to add to his list :
" Je ne puis m'empecher de craindre quoy que sa Majeste
(Louis) ait fait mettre sur la Porte du Chateau, en grosses
letres d'or, Place a rendre, mats non a prendre, reddi, sed
vinci non potest."
So much elated is Chanvallon with the view of
French success, that he will scarcely afford time
to Luxembourg to explain the circumstances of
the war :
" Je ne suis point preocupe, Mr. [says the pious Arch-
bishop, p. 26.]. Je vous avoue bien pourtant, que je sou-
haiterois de tout mon coaur, que le Roi vint a bout de
tous ses ennemis, qu'il extermina entierment PHeresie, et
les Heretiques, et qu'il soumit sous sa Domination juste
et equitable tous les autres peuples de la terre. C'etoit
la le motif de raes prieres et de mes conseils." " La levee
du Siege de Namur, et la Victoire du Turc sur PEmpe-
reur, qui se verra oblige par la a retirer toutes les Troupes
qu'il a sur le Rhein et en Italic, ce qui facilitera aux
Francois la conquete entiere de Pie'inont ce sera
pour lors avec raison qu'on devra faire de feux de joye et
chanter des Te Deum par toute la France pour la ruine de
cet nid Huguenot (the Swiss) et qu'on pourra appliquer
a cette Ville (Geneva) avec plus de justice ce quatrain
qui fut fait apres la prise de la Ville d'Orange : —
" ' Gas surprenant, malheur etrange !
Pauvre Calvin que fairez vous?
Vouz n'aurez pluz de bons ragous,
Puis que vous n'avez plus d'Orange.' "
The Archbishop could not, however, longer
conceal the truth from himself, and at p. 40.
breaks out in a fit of the hysterics :
"Quoy, Namur a ete pris a la barbe meme d'une Armee
de plus de cent mille hommes. Non je ne puis me con-
soler, et s'il etoit possible que je mourus une seconde fois,
j'expirerois presentement de douleur et de chagrin. O
rage ! 0 desespoir ! O fortune ennemi ! C'en est fait, la
France est perdue, il n'y a plus de retour pour elle," &c.
To increase French humiliation, public ridicule
had been extensively afloat in poems of a biting
kind. Page 44. :
" LUXEMBOURG.— A propos de satires il faut que je vous
en fasse voir une qui vient d'etre faite tout presentement
contre notre Roi, et centre quelques-uns de ses Generaux.
Ecoutez :
" ' Qui scait mieux que Louis juger du vrai merite,
Ni mieux recompenser les belles actions?
Ce Prince inimitable en ses infractions,
N'a pas en 1'autre point de Prince qui 1'imite.
Tourville est-il battu sur mer ?
Le voila Marechal de France :
Bonflers rend-il Namur faute d'experience ?
Le voila d'abord Due et Pair.
Et Villeroy qui prend une route semblable,
Court risque d'etre Connetable.' "
The false mode which had then existed of re-
presenting the state of public affairs through the
French newspapers is next commented on, which
brings out, at p. 49., the following information
from
" LUXEMBOURG. — Vous vous trompez a cet egard, Mon-
sieur PArcheveque ; il y a en France beaucoup de gens,
qui leur ont donne souvent sur les doigts, et tout pre-
sentement voicy ce qu'on vient de publier contr'eux, et
surtout contre PAuteur du Mercure Galant, qui de tous
les menteurs est le plus menteur :
"'Permettez, Monsieur Devize',
Que je vous parle avec franchise.
Aux Ennemis du Roy vous donnez trop de prise.
Un auteur qui de tous pretend etre prise
Sur quel sujet qu'il devise,
Ne doit jamais etre, ou qu'il vise,
Contre le bon sens divise.
De dire vrai surtout, il est bon qu'il s'avise :
De tout Ecrivain avise,
Rien n'est beau que le vrai doit etre sa devise ;
Mais ce n'est pas la votre guise.
Dela vient qu'un Auteur des Uieux favorise,
Auteur qui tout depeint, qui tout characterise,
Vous a si bien depeint et characterise',
Que depuis aucun ne vous prise :
Et qu'un autre Ecrivain non moins autorise',
Tous les mois vous ridiculise,
Personne ne vous plaint, nul n'est scandalise
Qui voulez vous enfin que cela scandalise?
Un Auteur qui n'est point de mise
Doit etre ridiculise.'
".CHANVALLON. — Cela m'a bien la mine d'avoir ete
fait en Hollande, mais n'importe," &c.
Spies had also played an important part in the
transactions of the time. One of them is intro-
duced by Chanvallon (p. 54.) under the title of
an "old officer," "qui devoit etre asseurement
quelque homme de haute qualite et d'intrigue."
Others of the same tribe are mentioned by Lux-
embourg (p. 54.) as "gens de letres entretenant
correspondence avec eux, et recevant par ce moyen
toutes les pieces curieuses qui paroissoient tant
contre la France que contre les Alliez." The
latest of these productions is described (p. 55.) as
"une piece fort jolie en vers irreguliers sur la
prise de Cazal et de Namur," and confers a well-
merited compliment on the valour of William :
" Cazal ce chateau Formidable,
Namur cette place imprenablej
Du moins au dire de Vauban,
Dans un mois ont change de maistre,
Trop heureuses de ne plus estre
Sous le main de celui qui soutient le Turban.
Guillaume ce Heros hardi, grand, intrepide,
Mille fois plus vaillant qu'Alcide,
Guillaume qui ne craint ni le fer, ni le feu,
Et pour qui tous les coups de Canon sont un jeu }
Guillaume soutenu d'une vertu solide
366
NOTES AND QUERIES.
NO 45., Nov. 8. '56.
Qui lui fait en tous lieux affronter les bazars,
Et cueillir dans le chimp de Man,
Des moissons de Lauriers comme ont fait les Cezars :
Guillaume qui toujours foudroyant, invincible,
Fait trembler Louis dans Meudon ;
Entre les bras de Cupidon,
Vient de nous faire voir que rien n'est impossible
A sa valeur extreme, et qu'au bruit de son nom,
Tout palit, tout s'enfuit, si fort il est terrible ;
Villeroy, Guiscard et Bonflers,
Sont garands de ce que j'avance
Battus, vaincus, chasses, et de honte converts
Le meme jour qui vid de Louis lanaissance,
Us marquent & toute la France
L'Epoque de sa decadence,
Et vont apprendre a 1'Univers,
Apres un si fameux revers,
Que Guillaume le Grand a fait tourner la chance,
Malgre les efforts des Enfers,
Et remplit aujourd'hui 1'Europe d'esperance
De voir bien tost briser ses fers."
The advantages which had been gained by the
Allies are represented by Chanvallon (p. 57.) as
very mortifying to the French people (which we
may well believe), and particularly to their poets,
who had made themselves on various occasions of
success exceedingly merry in Odes and Jubilates :
"Je ne say que peut dire aujourd'huy Boileau avec
son Ode Pindarique."
To which Luxembourg replies (p. 58.) :
" Je ne scai ce qu'il dit, mais je say bien que les Alliez,
ou leurs Poetes ont fait terriblement leurs choux gras.
Us ne se sont pas contentez de faire voir dans ce petite
Poeme beaucoup de bevues qui ont fait rire M. Perrault.
Us se sont servis en faveur du Prince d'Orange des memes
expressions qu'il avoit employees pour faire 1'eloge de
Louis le Grand," &c.
" Deux ou trois Parodies qui sont jolies " of
this famous Ode by Boileau (noticed in the ex-
tract from Mr. Macaulay) are stated as being on
hand, but only the following could be forthcoming,
the length of which (210 lines) precludes its ad-
mission farther than a few verses selected here and
there to afford some idea of its style :
" Par quell e nouvelle yvresse
Suis-je a present hors de moi?
Chastes Nymphes au Permesse
Est ce done vous, que je voi ?
Oui c'est vous, Troupe savante,
Sans doute. Des que je chante,
Les arbres sont rejouis,
N'cn troublez point la cadence,
Vous Vens, et faites silence
A des exploits inouis.
"Dix milles Francs intrepides
Les bordent de toutes parts,
Et d'eux memes homicides
Vont perir sous ces remparts.
La duns son sein infidele
La terre meme recele
Un feu pret a s'elancer,
Qai soudain percant son goufre
Ouvre un sepulcre de soufre
A quiconque ose avancer.
" Contemplez dans la tempete,
Qui sort de ces boulevars,
Cette glorieuse tete ?
Tournez ici vous regars ?
Get ELECTEUR redoubtable
Toujours un sort favorable
Eprouve dans les combats,
Et toujours avec la Gloire,
Mars amenant la Victoire,
Vole et le suit a grands pas.
" En vain Namur a Lui s'oppose
Tout borde de flamme et de fer ;
Car c'est pour lui la meme chose
De combattre et de trompher.
Ce grand Roy n'aime que la Gloire
Acquise par une Victoire,
Qu'on Luy dispute avec chaleur
Plus il trouve de resistance,
Plus de plaisir a sa prudence
De faire briller sa valeur."
After a spirited discussion between the speakers
as to whether Louis will ever again be able to
recover his lost ground, it seemed clear to Lux-
embourg that the difficulty would be great from
the man of talent whom the allies had at their
head, and to enlighten Chanvallon a little farther
on this point : " A propos de ce Prince voicy un
Rondeau (p. 72.) qui a ete fait a son honneur, et
qu'a coup seur vous ne trouverez pas de votre
gout : " the pill must, however, be swallowed by
the Archbishop :
" II a bien fait du fracas et du bruit,
Ce vaillant chef, depuis quatre vingt huit ;
Bien gouverner est son grand savoir faire,
Ce qu'a toujours ignore' son beau-pere
Qui perdoit tout, par la France seduit.
" Ce dernier craint les combats, et les fuit,
Temoin la Boyne ou se trouvant reduit
A se sauver, on dit, dans cette affaire,
II a bien fait.
Louis son frere a qui la Ligue nuit,
Ne vaut pas mieux, c'est un arbre sans Fruit,
Quoy qu'il employe sort, et caractere ;
Mais pour Guillaume on ne doit pas s'en taire
Depuis qu'il regne, il a tout bien conduit,
II a bien fait"
In the same eulogistic strains William continues
to be extolled to p. 76., where a short inquiry
commences as to the reason of King James having
made his escape at the Battle of the Boyne :
" II est vray (saj^s the Archbishop) que le Roi Jaques
s'est sauve' au passage de la Boyne, mais vous ne savez
peut etre qu'il avoit une grande maladie, dont il n'est pas
encore gueri, et il me semble que cette excuse est assez
valable pour le disculper envers tout le monde.
" ' LUXEMBOURG. Vous me surprenez, Monsieur 1'Ar-
cheveque. Et quelle Maladie avoit done le Roi Jaques ? '
" ' CHANVALLON. Une terrible Maladie qu'il est bien
dificile de guerir, et que plus beaucoup de gens ont, mille-
fois plus cruelle que la goutte, ni que quelqu'autre ma-
ladie que vous puissiez vous imaginer ; une Maladie qui
fait perdre le jugement aux gens meme le plus sages, qui
change et grossit les objects; enfin, il avoit la peur au
2nd s. N° 45., Nov. 8. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
367
venire* qui ne luy donnoit aucun repos, et qui le tour-
mentoit continuellement.' "
A panic similar to that which possessed King
James is humorously described as having been
experienced in other instances by Louis himself,
and by some of his most renowned generals, but
incapable of being shared by the heroic William :
" Je pourrois (says Luxembourg, p. 87.) vous prouver
facilement cette verite, dont personne, hormis vpus ne
doute ; je me contenteray pour le coup de vous lire ces
Vers qui viennent d'etre faits & Paris & son honneur, et
puis en apres vous parlerez tant qu'il vous plaira :
" Le Monde a veu que le Batave
A celebre les Faits nouveaux
De ce Roi Glorieux et Brave
Par de pompeux Arcs-Triomphaux.
Aussi jamais Roi magnanime
N'eut un honneur si legitime,
Et ne brava tant de dangers.
Ses vertus surpassent sa Gloire,
Et son nom vivra dans PHistoire
Aussi long-temps que 1'Univers."
The speakers now agree to wait till the end of
the war to judge further of the virtues and valour
of the Prince, and having debated on some other
political topics, part like pleasant friends with a
song (p. 110.),
"qui a ete faite sur la prise de Namur, que vous
(Chanvallon) apprendrez par cosur si vous voulez, et que
vous me rendrez dans deux ou trois jours.
" A Monsieur IS Abbe Talemen, sur sa Chanson, ' Ah qu'il
y va ma Bergere' §*c.
" 1. Monsieur 1'Abbe Talemen,
Ah qu'il y va gayement,
Donnes vite et promptement,
Tout le long de la Riviere,
Ah qu'il y va ma Bergere,
Ah qu'il y va gayement.
2. A Guillaume un Merle blanc.f
3. Car il a pris galamment.
4. Namur sans grand compliment.
5. Malgre ses Retrenchements.
6. On n'en vit jamais de si grands.
7. La Grece en eut eu pour trente ans.
8. Et Bonflers inutilement.
9. En eut le commandement.
10. Mais Villeroi cependant.
11. Se promene en attendant.
12. Pour en voir 1'evenement.
13. Et regarde froidement.
* " King James came to Dublin (after the Battle of the
Boyne) under a very indecent consternation. He said all
•was lost. He had an army in.England that could have
fought but would not, and now he had an army that
would have fought but could not. This was not very
gratefully nor decently spoken by him who was amongs't
the first that fled." — Buruet, p. 51.
" Some of the Irish have said to me (author of the
Philosophical Survey of the South of Ireland, Dublin,
1778), we expect little good from any of the race of
Sheemas-a-caccagh."
t Only the leading line of each verse is introduced,
the other lines of the verse being a repetition, as in verse 1.
14. Namur, se rendre a 1'instant.
15. Tl craignoit assurement.
16. Que Nassau subitement.
17. Ne vint a lui Tambour battant.
18. S'il ne fait pas autrement.
19. L'an prochain assurement.
20. II verra prendre Dinant.
21. Charleroy, Mons pareillement.
22. Ipre et Courtray en le suivant.
23. Tournay L'ille en s'en allant.
24. Arras, Amiens en s'avancant.
25. Et promenant nos camps volants.
26. Nous irons finalement.
27. Visiter Louis le Grand.
28. Et cela tout en chantant."
" Avertissement.
" Une mort impreveue ayant enleve' de ce monde
Notre tres cher et bien aime' Oncle PIERRE MARTEAU de
glorieuse memoire; et luy ayant fait laisser plusieurs
Ouvrages imparfaits, nous avons juge a propos de ne
priver pas le Public de celuyci qui etoit fort avance, lors
de son deceds, esperant qu'il le recevra avec plaisir et
qu'il luy faira passer quelque quart d'heure de mauvais
temps. Et nous donnons en meme temps avis aux Li-
braires que notre Oncle nous ayant laisse' plusieurs Ma-
nuscrits rares et curieux, nous les leurs mettrons entre les
mains a condition qu'ils nous reimbourseront des frais que
le pauvre defunt avoit faits, tant pour les dits Manuscrits,
qu'en ports des letres et pour payer ses correspondance,"
&c.
At that time, when newspapers in England were
comparatively scarce, like other means of obtain-
ing information, the fugitive tracts of Peter and
his Heirs must have done good service in pro-
moting the cause of the British Revolution, and
in spreading the fame and authority of William.
How many others they published on the same
question is unknown ; but, so far as seen, all their
works, for curiosity and interest, are well worth the
attention of the bibliographer. G. N.
VERSES ON THE DEATH OF MES. MARION
SYDSERFF.
" VERSES BY ALEXANDER SINCLAIR OF ROSLYN,
Upon the Death of Mrs. Mai-ion Sydserff, another Bishop's
Daughter.
" Most virtuous, modest, and discreet maid,
All this most true, and more needs not be said ;
Could death be oppos'd, most, part of the young men,
Would fight and rage than that a maid should be
slaine.
But fighting will not doe, then yield she must
To death's sad stroak, as to a law most just ;
Weep not for her, she doth not weep for you —
Rejoyce with her, for she rejoyceth now.
The maid's not dead but sleepeth ; — she'll be found
Alive that day when angels come to sound."
These wretched lines appear to have been the
production of " Mr. Archibald St. Clare or Sin-
clair," the author of several " Poems ! " of a si-
milar nature, in a volume of MSS. in the Faculty
36-8
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2«d S. NO 45., Nov. 8. '56.
Library, from which the above elegy is taken.
Amongst these are ^''Verses upon Chloris," "To
Mrs. Madlean or Maitland," a funeral elegy " on
the same deserving gentlewoman, May 10, 1652,"
" Silva Vivens, done by the same Hand," " Upon
the death of Barrack's Lady, who dyed* about
midle age." This last person was the wife of
Sinclair of Barrack, probably George, who mar-
ried, 1st, Anne, daughter of John D unbar of Hem-
prigs ; 2nd, Elizabeth, daughter of David Murray
of Clarden ; and 3rd, Elizabeth, daughter of the
Rev. William Cumaing, minister of Halkirk.
Which of these three was the lady lamented by
her kinsman is uncertain.
Alexander St. Clare was, we have no doubt,
St. Clare of Roslyn, who married Jean, daughter
of Robert, seventh Lord Semple.
Marion Sydserff was a sister of the author of
Tarngos Wiles, a comedy. Thomas, or, as he is
usually styled, Sir Thomas, was a loyal subject of
the house of Stuart, and for some time manager
of the theatre in the Cannongate. He was the
author, or rather editor, of the Caledonius Mer-
curius, of which there is a complete set in the
library of the Faculty of Advocates. The comedy,
which is exceedingly rare, and usually brings from
one to two guineas — when it occurs for sale —
possesses considerable merit. J. M.
SHAKSPEARIANA.
" When we have shuffled off this mortal coil"
(2nd S. i. 151. 221.; 'ii. 207. 284.) — "Not to
crack the wind of the poor phrase," I must be
allowed to answer X.'s ignoratio clenchi at the
last reference. He says of me, "Nor does he
produce any passage from any author to counten-
ance his interpretation of body " (meaning " of
coil "). First, body for " coil," is not my inter-
pretation, but is a popular misinterpretation. It
was to expose it that I originally ventilated the
subject in " 1ST. & Q." Secondly, I did produce
three passages from printed books, each being an
example of the use of "coil" for body; and I did
so, not indeed to countenance that use, but to
show that it was in vogue. Now how did the
blunder originate ? I have lately received a letter
from a gentleman who is a stranger to me, written
partly with the object of strengthening my posi-
tion, that most people do understand body by the
word " coil " when they read Hamlet, and of ex-
plaining how the error arises. He cites Serjeant
Shoe's defence of Palmer, which affords another
example : and he considers that the public mind
confounds Col. iii. 9. with the passage in question,
and the natural history of Snakes (the coiled
tribe), in casting or " putting off their sloughs."
He calls to mind that St. Paul uses enre/fSiJo/ieM,
which is the word employed by Greek naturalists
for expressing the annual casting of its skin by a
snake. He also refers to 2 Cor. v. 1 — 5., as pos-
sibly assisting the confusion. Perhaps thus sup-
position may be received as an account of the
origin of the blunder. X.'s remark on the anti-
thesis between "coil" and "quietus" is excellent,
and shows that he knows how to employ a power-
ful instrument to unpick Shakspearian bolts.
Another time he would do well to read the Notes
he professes to censure. C. MANSFIELD INGLEBT.
Birmingham.
"Mortal Coil" (2nd S. ii. 206.) ~- If ME.
INGLEBY had admitted, among his " intelligent
friends," those far-famed masters of the English
tongue William Warburton and Samuel Johnson,
and asked them what they understood by " mortal
coil," he most assuredly would not have received
the reply, — " Why ! the body of the person who
makes his quietus." And had he pursued his in-
quiry, and asked his own friends, " Quietus, from
what? From the body: the body make his
quietus from the body?" this unavoidable con-
sequitur would surely (we borrow an expression
of Cowper) have ramfeezled the whole party,
MR. INGLEBY and his friends ; and they would
have seen at once, with Warburton and all suc-
ceeding editors, that this " mortal coil" must mean
the coil — the unquiet state or condition — of this
mortal life — "those troublous storms that toss
the private state, and make the life unsweet."
A poet laureat celebrating, in the year 1761,
the birth-day of " our (afterwards) good old king,"
furnishes us with the following lines, pat to the
purpose :
" By Temprance nurs'd, and early taught
To tame each hydra of the soul,
Each lurking pest ; which mocks its birth,
And ties its spirit down to earth,
Immers'd in mortal coil."
WHITEHEAD, Ode 6.*
I say, pat to the purpose, for it shows, as I con-
tend, that "mortal coil" refers to the condition of
mortality ; and may refer, not only to its unquiet,
its troublous condition, but, as in the poet laureat,
perhaps to its corrupt or sinful condition. Q.
Bloomsbury.
I think that there can be little doubt that these
words in Hamlet do bear reference to the body.
It is not improbable that they were suggested to
Shakspeare by the words in Romans vii. 24. : " O
wretched man that I am ! Who shall deliver me
from the body of this death?" Hermann Hugo,
in his Pia Desideria, has adopted the same idea ;
and in one of his emblems represents a man en-
caged within a huge death or skeleton, — a notion
stolen from him, like most of his other notions, by
Francis Quarles, in his Emblems.
HENRY T. RILEY.
* Quoted by Richardson, except the first line.
2nd S. N° 45., Nov. 8. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
369
"Sheaf" or "Chief" (2nd S. ii. 206.) — Was
MB. INGLEBY aware of the following passage,
quoted in the notes to the Variorum editions of
Shakspeare :
" It hath been noted, in the warmer climates, the peo-
ple are more wise ; but in the northern climates, the wits
of chief (ingenia, quaa eminent,) are greater." — Bacon,
Table of the Colours of Good and Evil.
Chief, it is plain, has the same heraldic preten-
sions as sheaf. It was so called from the place it
occupied in the shield. But " £Fon nostrum tan-
tam componere litem."
I do not share in the prevailing ambition to
improve Shakspeare. Q.
Bloomsbury.
Shakspeare and Sir John Falstaff. —
" A young gentle lady of your acquaintance, having
read y° works of Shakespeare, made me this question : —
How "Sir John Falstaffe, or Fastalf, as he is written in ye
statute book of Maudlin Colledge in Oxford, where everye
day that society were bound to make memorie of his soul,
could be dead in ye time of Harrie ye fift, and again live
in ye time of Harrie ye sixt, to be banished for cowardice ?
Whereto I made answear, that it was one of those hu-
mours and mistakes for which Plato banisht all poets out
of his commonwealth. That Sir John Falstaffe was in
those times a noble, valiant souldier, as apeeres by a
book in ye Heralds' Office dedicated unto him by a Herald
who had binne with him, if I well remember, for the
space of 25 yeeres in ye French wars ; that he seems also
to have binne a man of learning, because, in a Library of
Oxford, I find a book of dedicating Churches sent from
him for a present unto Bishop Wainflete, and inscribed
with his own hand. That in Shakespeare's first shew of
Harrie the fift, the person with which he undertook to playe
a buffone was not Falstaffe, but Sr Jhon Oldcastle ; and
that offence being worthily taken by personages de-
scended from his title (as peradventure by many others
allsoe), whoe putt to make an ignorant shifte of abusing
S1 Jhon Fastolphe, a man not inferior of vertue, though
not so famous in pietie as the other who gave witnesse
unto the truth of our reformation with a constant and
resolute martyrdom, unto which he was pursued by the
Priests, Bishops, Moncks, and Friers of those dayes." —
(From a MS. by Rich. James, B.D., Fellow of Christ
Church, Oxford, born 1592.)
The above I found written on the fly-leaf of a
printed book. C:L. HOPPER.
Was Lord Bacon the Author of the Plays at-
tributed to Shakspeare (2nd S. ii. 267.) — As your
correspondent has furnished a somewhat striking
coincidence between an expression of Shakspeare
and a passage of a letter written by Lord Bacon,
it may be worth while to preserve in "N. & Q."
a summary of Mr. W. H. Smith's argument on
the point in question. He contends, 1. That the
character of Shakspeare, as sketched by Pope, is
the exact biography of Bacon. 2. That Bacon
possessed dramatic talent to a high degree, and
could, according to his biographers, " assume
the most different characters, and speak the lan-
guage proper to each with a facility that was per-
fectly natural." 3. That he wrote and assisted
at bal masques, and was the intimate friend of
Lord Southampton, the acknowledged patron of
Shakspeare. 4. That the first folio of 1623 was
not published till Bacon had been driven to pri-
vate life, and had leisure to revise his literary
works ; and that as he was obliged to raise money
by almost any means, it is at least probable that
he did so by writing plays. 5. That Shakspeare
was a man of business rather than poetry, and
acknowledged his poems and sonnets, but never
laid claim to the plays. Vox.
James I.'s Letter to Shakspeare. — In the intro-
ductory remarks prefixed to Lintot's reprints of
Shahspeare's Poems, it is stated, on the authority
of a person then living, that Sir William Dave-
nant had possessed an original letter written by
James to Shakspeare. The letter, however, was
not then known to be in existence. Is anything
now known of such letter ? or of any other re-
ference or allusion to it ? J. L. S.
ffiinav
Coleridge. — A gentleman well known in the
musical world, Mr. George Rudall, has recently
told me the following anecdote. Many years ago,
at a musical party at the house of Mr. Skey,
Highgate, Mr. Rudall met Mr. Coleridge. Mr.
Rudall having performed upon the flute, he was
addressed by Mr. Coleridge; who told him that " he
felt there was a poetry in his playing, and that he
was convinced that he could set to music a stanza
which he (Mr. Coleridge) would give him." Ac-
cordingly, he immediately wrote the ensuing, and
presented it to Mr. Rudall ; saying, that the next
time he should have the pleasure of meeting him,
he would give him a second stanza : —
" A sunny shaft did I behold,
From sky to earth it slanted ;
And poiz'd therein, a bird so bold,
Sweet bird, thou wert enchanted :
He sank, he rose, he twinkled, he twirPd,
Within that shaft of sunny mist ;
And thus he sang, Adieu, adieu ;
Love's dreams prove seldom true:
Sweet month of May, I must away ;
Away! away! to-day! to-day."
This stanza, as far as Mr. Rudall knows, never
has found its way into print ; and I have there-
fore requested him to let me offer it to " N. & Q."
A second meeting never took place, and Mr.
Rudall has also to regret having lent and lost the
poet's autograph. ALFRED ROFFE.
Somers' Town.
Talleyrand and Shakspeare. — Talleyrand is re-
ported to have said of the Emperor Napoleon's
370
NOTES AND QUERIES.
O 45., Nov. 8. '56.
Spanish war, that " it was the beginning of the
end." But it was nof an original mot. In Mid-
summer's Night Dream, Prologue says :
« . . . To shew our simple skill,
That is the'true beginning of our end."
Act V.'.S«. 1.
Did or could Talleyrand read Shakspeare]?
J. W. FARRER.
" Canard" origin of the Word. —
" The origin of the word Canard, when employed to
signify some unfounded story, is not generally known.
The following are the terms in which M. Que'telet relates,
in the Annuaire de I' Academic (article on Norbert Corne-
lissen), the manner in which the word became used in its
new sense.
" To give a sly hit at the ridiculous pieces of intelli-
gence which the journals were in the habit of publishing
every morning, Cornelissen stated that an interesting ex-
periment had just been made, calculated to prove the
extraordinary voracity of ducks. Twenty of these ani-
mals had been placed together ; and one of them having
been killed, and cut up in the smallest possible pieces,
feathers, and all, and thrown to the other nineteen, was
most gluttonously gobbled up, in an exceedingly brief
space of time. Another Avas then taken from the nine-
teen ; and being chopped small, like its predecessor, was
served up to the eighteen, and at once devoured like the
other ; and so on to the last, who was thus placed in the
position of having eaten his nineteen companions in a
wonderfully short time. All this, most pleasantly re-
lated, obtained a success which the writer was far from
anticipating, for the story ran the round of all the journals
of Europe. It then became forgotten for about a score of
years, when it came back from America, with amplifica-
tions which it did not boast of at the commencement,
and with a regular certificate of the autopsy of the body
of the surviving animal, whose oesophagus was declared
to have been seriously injured. Every one laughed at
the history of the 'Canard,' thus brought up again, but
the word remained in its novel signification." — Galianani.
W. W.
Malta.
Winds. —
^ " Table showing the frequency of 'the various winds in
different countries. The numbers in each column denote
the number of days of each wind in every 1000 days : —
N.
N. E.
E.
S.E.
s.
s.w.
N.
N.W.
England
82
Ill
99
81
Ill
225
171
120
France -
120
140
84
76
117
192
155
110
Germany
84
98
119
87
97
185
198
131
Denmark
65
98
100
129
92
198
161
156
Sweden
102
104
80
110
128
210
159
106
Russia -
99
191
81
130
98
143
166
192
N. America -
96
116
49
108
123
197
101
210
Titan, Oct. 1856.
R. W. HACKWOOD.
Difference between Horse Chesnut and a Chesnut
Horse. — In one of Queen Anne's parliaments
there were two members named Montague Mat-
thew and Matthew Montague. Some one having
attributed opinions to the first gentleman which
ought to have been ascribed to the second, the
latter, in repudiating the charge, stated, that not-
withstanding the similarity of names there was as
much difference between them as between a horse-
chesnut and a chesnut horse.
CLERICUS RUSTICTJS.
The Blue Frock Coat, fyc. — The following
passage from the last page of The Sorrows of
Werter reminds us of a late attempt to violate
the regulations of the Queen's drawing-rooms :
" He was dressed in a blue frock coat and buff waist-
coat, and had boots on. Everybody in the house, and
from all parts of the town, flocked to see him."
M.E.
Luigi Canina, the architect and great archaeo-
logical writer, is dead; a man characterised as
gentle and warm-hearted. It may be as well to
record that it was (my friend) Giuseppe Mazzini
who, while a Triumvir at Rome, greatly fostered,,
the researches of the above deserving and talented
man. J. LOTSKY, Panslave.
31. Burton Crescent.
CANTICLE SUBSTITUTED FOR THE " TE DEUM.
In the curious book called Horlulus animce, pub-
lished by Schoffers, Mayence, 1516, we find the
following parody, as it were, of the Te Deum :
" Canticum predictum conversum in laudc.ni B. Virginis,
quod potest dici in loco prioris (i.e. Te Deum}.
" Te Matrem Dei Laudamus, te Mariam virginem con-
fitemur,
Te Eterni Patris sponsam, omnis terra veneratur.
Tibi omnes angeli et archangeli, tibi omnes principatus
humiliter serviunt.
Tibi omnes potestates et supernas virtutes, tibi ccelorum
universes dominationes, obediunt.
Tibi omnes throni, tibi cherubim et seraphim exultanter
assistunt.
Tibi omnes angelicas creatures delectabili voce concla-
mant,
Sancta — Sancta — Sancta Maria Dei Mater et virgo.
Pleni sunt coeli et terra et mare majestatis et gloriaa
fr.uctus ventris tui.
Te gloriosus apostolorum chorus, Creatoris matrem col-
laudat.
Te prophetarum laudabilis numerus Virginia Deum
parituram praedixerat.
Te Martyrum beatorum candidus exercitus Christi ge-
netricem glorificat.
Te gloriosus confessorum coetus totius Trinitatis matrem
appellat.
Te sanctarum virginum amabilis chorea suas virginitatis
et humilitatis exemplum praedicat.
Te tota ccelestis curia coelorum Reginam honorat.
Te per universum orbem, sancta ecclesia invocando cele-
brat,
Matrem divinae majestatis,
Venerandam te veram, regis coelestis puerperam,
Sanctam quoque, dulcem et piam proclamat.
Tu angelorum domina.
Tu paradisi janua.
2nd g. N° 45., Nov. 8. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
371
Tu scala regni coelestis.
Tu Regis glorias thalamus.
Tu area pietatis et gratige.
Tu mater misericordia?.
Tu refugium peccatoris.
Tu es mater Salvatoris.
Tu ad liberandum exulem hominem Filium Dei susce-
pisti in uterum.
Per te expugnato hoste antique, sunt aperta fidelibus
regna ccBlorum.
Tu cum Filio tuo sedes in Gloria Dei Patris.
Tu ipsum pro nobis exora, quern ad judicandum credi-
mus esse venturum.
Te ergo qua^sumus tuis famulis subveni, precioso san-
guine Filii tui sumus redempti.
Eterna fac nos virgo Maria cum Sanctis omnibus gloria
numerari.
Salva nos populum tuum Domina, ut simus participes
hereditatis tuae.
Et rege nos et extolle nos usque in asternum.
Per singulos dies, O pia, te salutamus,
Et laudare te cupimus in ieternum devota meate et
voce.
Dignare dulcis Maria nunc et semper sine delicto nos
conservare.
Miserere nostri domina miserere nostri.
Fiat misericordia tna domina super nos, quemadmodum
speravimus in te.
In te dulcis Maria speramus, ut nos defendas in seter-
nurn."
When was this composed, by whom, and who
allowed its use instead of the Te Deum ? J. C. J.
Elephants in India. — I would be glad to learn
in what number of Chambers's Edinburgh Journal
a paragraph appeared on the use of the elephant
in India, in which the number of elephants em-
ployed by Gen. Sir Jasper Nicolls, at that time
Commander-in-Chief of the Indian army, was
particularly mentioned? The paragraph oc-
curred, I think, in the volume for 1845. AIBAM.
John Moncrieff of Tippermalluch. — This per-
son appears to have acquired great fame in Scot-
land for his " extraordinary skill and knowledge
in the art of physick," which enabled him, says The
Publisher, " to perform many stupendous cures."
His book, bearing the following title, now lies
before me :
" Tippermalluch's Receipts. Being a Collection of
many Useful and Easy Remedies for most Distempers,
•written by that worthy and ingenious Gentleman J. M.
of T. The Second Edition, small octavo. Printed for
W. Coke, Leith. 1775."
Can any of your readers supply a notice of this
Scottish empiric ? A specimen of my book, which
savours of the old school, may not be out of place ;
take therefore a receipt :
" For Mischievous Acts, and putting of Devils to the Flight.
" St. John's wort hung in a house hinders mischievous
acts, and puts to flight evil spirits ; for the which cause
it is called fuga dcemonum. Whoever carries upon him
eringo roots shall be preserved from witchcraft. The
loadstone keeped upon a man, removes disorder between
man and wife. A pyot (magpie) roasted, speedily re-
covers the sick to health, and relieves all who have been,
enchanted from their birth. Mugwort, hung upon the
door, keeps the house from witchcraft."
J.O.
Claret and Coffee, were they known to Bacon ? —
" ' Many examples,' says Lord Bacon, « may be put of
the force of custom, both upon mind and body;' and
though there is no truth more familiar, the enumeration
of examples never fails to strengthen our sense of its im-
portance. Addison dwells upon one grand feature, that
it renders things pleasant which at the commencement
were painful. He quotes an observation of Bacon, that
the palate acquires a peculiar relish for liquors, such as
coffee or claret, which at first taste are disagreeable ; and
the assertion holds of a thousand particulars." — Quarterly
Review, Sept. 1856, No. cxvii. p. 325.
Was claret known by that name to Bacon ? and
did he ever taste or hear of coffee ? H. B. C.
U. U. C.
Colouring Natural Flowers. — I have read some-
where, that if colouring matter be introduced into
the stems of plants, the flowers on that stem will
have that colour. I have tried water-colour,
without any eifect. Can any of your correspon-
dents give me any information on this subject ?
FLORA.
" Cudaschcet." — I should be glad to obtain any
information respecting a 12mo. vol., which has
fallen into my hands, with the following title-page :
" Cudascha3t da Cuffvert et consolatium Incunter Tuotta
Crusch et Afflictiun. Schi, eir incunter La Moart suessa,
&c. &c. &c. In X Chiapittels Tres Jan. C. Linard V. D.
M. In Fillisur. Stampo in Tschlin. Tnes Nuot. C.
Janet. A Cuost del Authur. Anno MDCLXXXII."
From the residence of the author at Fillisur, a
village on the Albula, I presume it to be in the
Romance of the Grisons ; but no authority to
which I have access enables me to identify it, or
to discover the whereabouts of Tschlin. Is it
Lyons ? C. W. BINGHAM.
Razors Sharpened by Acid. — It has been stated
that the best way to sharpen razors is to dip them
in a weak solution of some acid. Perhaps some of
your readers would give the name of the acid, the
strength of the solution, and the time required to
immerse the razor. ROTHBART.
H. Kirhe White's Mother. — Can any correspon-
dent give me any information respecting the family
of Kirke White's mother, " whose maiden name
was Neville, and who belonged to a respectable
family in Staffordshire " ? TEE BEE.
" The Law and Lawyers," frc. — Who was the
writer of a book entitled The Law and Lawyers
laid open, in Twelve Visions ? To which is added,
Plain Truth) in Three Dialogues, between Truman^
372
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2
45., Nov. 8. '56.
Shinall, Dryboots, Three Attorneys, and Season, a
Bencher. London, 1737? HENRY T. RILEY.
t
Dr. J. C. Whitehead. — Could any of your
readers give me any information regarding Dr. J.
C. Whitehead, author (besides some poetical
works) of Considerations upon the present State of
Medical Practice in Great Britain, published about
thirty years ago ? R. J.
Magpie, Corvus Pica. — Can you inform me
the origin of the following lines which, in refer-
ence to magpies, are frequently used by country
people in Berkshire and Oxfordshire :
" One, Sorrow : Two, Mirth :
Three, a Wedding : Four, a Birth."
QUEST.
Totfiitt Pedigree. — Francis Drake, of Esher,
married Joan, eldest daughter and coheir of Wm.
Tothill of Shardelves, co. Bucks, c. 1600. The
pedigree, or any information about the Tothills,
will be very acceptable to A.
Crab's "English, Irish, and Latin Dictionary."
" In 1750," as stated by Anderson, in his very in-
teresting Sketches of the Native Irish, p. 98., " proposals
were issued in Dublin for publishing an English, Irish,
and Latin Dictionary, by a Mr. Crab of Ring's End, near
that city ; but the book was never printed. Finding its
way into the library of the late General Vallancey, it was
purchased, when his books were sold, at the price of forty
guineas, for a gentleman of Irish birth, the Rev. Dr.
Adam Clarke."
Who was this Mr. Crab ? and where is his
MS. ? I am anxious to know something about
them. ABHBA.
Walter Carey. — Mr. Cunningham, in his Notes
to Johnson's Lives, slates that Pope's Umbra —
the eaves-dropping hanger-on at Button's — was
a certain Walter Carey. All the editors of Pope
name Ambrose Philips, and from Philips's cha-
racter and Pope's enmity to him the satire seems
applicable. There was a John Carey of Oxford,
a contributor to The Tatler and Spectator, and
Harry Carey of immortal lyric and dramatic me-
mory. Walter Carey was a public man, Clerk of
the 'Privy Council, &c. He was a F.R.S. in 1727,
and lived thirty years afterwards, dying M.P. for
Clifton, Dartmouth. This man seems unconnected
with the Addison junto, though John Carey was
connected with it. M. (3.)
Literary Remains of Edmund Burke : the Duke
of Grafton s Vindication of his own Administra-
tion.— The two following literary announcements
appeared some five-and-thirty years ago. I send
the original cuttings.
Query, Were the works so announced ever
published ? I do not remember having met them,
and they are not, so far as I can see, mentioned
in the London Catalogue of Books.
It would be as monstrous for Lord Stanhope
and Mr. Cardwell to have suppressed the late
Sir Robert Peel's vindication of his policy on the
Catholic Question, as for the representative of
Augustus Duke of Grafton, Secretary of State
and First Lord of the Treasury, to omit publishing,
as desired by his testament, the ministerial justi-
fication referred to. George Henry Duke of
Grafton died in 1844 ; the noble statesman, his
father, in 1811.
" His grace the Duke of Grafton, we understand, is
enjoined by the will of the late Duke, his father, to pub-
lish the Memoir which he had prepared in justification of
his own ministry, after the death of the King. This
interesting document will be looked for with extreme
anxiety." — London Morning Paper.
"Mr1. Burke. — A London paper states that the long-
expected work of Mr. Burke's remains will really come
forward in the spring. It will contain the History of
England to the reign of John, of which we have read a
valuable fragment ; and it is new to the public to learn
that, as in the case of the Nabob of Arcot's debts, Mr.
Burke has himself reported, and, as usual, admirably, his
own opening speech against Mr. Hastings, which will be
included in the same volume."
WILLIAM JOHN FITZPATRICK.
Kilmacud House, Stillorgan, Dublin.
Maws of Kites. — From the allusion in Macbeth
one would infer that kites, like owls, reject from
the maw what they do not digest. Is this the
fact ? C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY.
Birmingham.
toftfe
Sir William Estcourt. — He was the son of Sir
Giles Estcourt, who was created a baronet
March 17, 1626-27. Sir William was the last
baronet, and was killed in the Devil's Tavern,
London, by Henry St. John, towards the end of
the seventeenth century. What was the cause of
the quarrel, and was the murderer punished ?
ALFRED T. LEE,
[This quarrel occurred Dec. 20, 1684, and is noticed by
Evelyn in his Diary. Bishop Burnet tells the story thus :
That in 1684 a young gentleman of a noble family [Sir
Henry St. John," the father of Queen Anne's secretary],
being at supper with a large party, a sudden quarrel
arose between him and another gentleman [Sir William
Estcourt], warm words passed, swords were drawn, three
persons were engaged, one of whom was killed on the
spot; the other two were indicted for the murder. It
was uncertain by whom the fatal wound was given ; nor
did the proof against either amount to more than man-
slaughter. Yet Sir Henry St. John was advised to con-
fess the indictment, and let sentence pass for murder. He
was threatened with the utmost rigour of the law if he
neglected to follow this advice; if he complied, he was
promised a pardon. He complied, and was convicted;
but found that his pardon was to be purchased by pay-
ment of 1600?. ; one-half of this the king converted to his
2nd g. N° 45., Nov. 8. '56.]
NOTES AND QUEEIES.
373
own use, and bestowed the remainder on two ladies then
high in favour. This is the Bishop's story. It appears,
however, that. after the conviction a doubt arose whether
the king could pardon him. The matter was much de-
bated, and Bishop Barlow wrote one of his Cases of Con-
science (8vo. 1692) on the subject; and determines the
point in the affirmative. It is said that to obviate all
doubts, the king granted him a reprieve ; in confirmation
of this no pardon appears to have been enrolled. The
reprieve was for a long term of years, which the extreme
old age to which he attained (ninety) rendered it not
improbable that he might have survived. Amongst the
records at the Rolls Chapel is a restitution of the estates
of Sir Henry St. John, forfeited to the crown by his felo-
niously killing and murdering Sir William Estcourt,
Bart. " It was probably for this restitution that the money
mentioned by Burnet was paid. Sir Henry died April 8,
1742. It is remarkable that exactly 100 years before, in
1584, a gentleman of his family, Oliver St. John, was
tried for a similar offence, for having killed in a duel one
Best, Captain of the Guard to Queen Elizabeth, and
Champion of England. See Manning and Bray's Surrey,
iii. 330.]
Article on Warburton in the Quarterly. — In the
Quarterly Review for 181'2, vol. vii. p. 383., is
contained an article on the life and writings of
Warburton ; characterised by a critical judgment
the most acute, original, and profound, and per-
haps not exceeded, in point of style and compo-
sition, by any other essay throughout the entire
series. The writer of the biographical notice of
the same prelate, in Chalmers' Diet,, edit. 1814,
after citing a passage from the review in question,
expresses regret that he "is not permitted to
name the author." Perhaps some one of your
readers may now consider himself justified in
doing so. A. L.
[The able article in the Quarterly Review is attributed
to Dr. Thomas Dunham Whitaker in the Gentleman's
Magazine, for Feb. 1844, p. 139.]
" Nero Vindicated" — I have a roughly exe-
cuted caricature representing the Prince Regent
with a cup in one hand inscribed " Peterloo En-
tire;" and in the other a scroll, "Thanks to the
Butchers of M ." Below is —
" Weary of wine he gulps the gory flood,
And Maraschino yields to native blood."
v. Nero Vindicated.
The meaning is obvious enough, but I do not
know any work entitled Nero Vindicated. I am
collecting illustrations of that time, and shall be
obliged by being told what it is. H. S. K.
[The lines are not quoted from Nero Vindicated, 1820,
hich is now before us. There is another satirical pam-
robably by the same writer, entitled Nero Van-
t both published by J. Turner, 170. Aldersgate
on the occasion of the Manchester massacre, in
Commission for Public Preachers in the Time of
the Commonwealth. — Can any of your corre-
spondents tell me the circumstances under which,
and the time when, this commission was appointed,
and of whom it consisted ? ALFRED T. LEE.
[There were several commissions appointed during the
Commonwealth touching " Scandalous Ministers," " Pub-
lic Preachers," &c., but the one probably required by our
correspondent is that known by the name of The Triers,
appointed by an act passed March 20, 1653, entitled
" Commissioners appointed for Approbation of Publique
Preachers." There were twenty-eight commissioners ap-
pointed, whose names are recited in the act preserved in
Scobell's Collection, part ii. p. 279. There was a subse-
quent commission for "Ejecting ignorant and insufficient
Ministers and Schoolmasters," appointed by an act passed
Aug. 28, 1654 ; for this purpose a considerable number of
secular commissioners, as well as ministers, were no-
minated for each county. See their names in Scobell,
part ii. pp. 335—343.
An interesting volume on this subject is about to be
issued by The Camden Society.']
Dr. Palliser. — Where can I find an account of
the leading events of the life of Dr. William Pal-
liser, Archbishop of Cashel, who was educated at
Trinity Coll., Dublin ? C. J. D. INGLEDEW.
[Consult Sir James Ware's Works, by Walter Harris,
fol. 1764, vol. i. pp. 487. 580. ; also Cotton's Fasti Ecdesice
HiberniccB, vol. i. pp. 93. 270.]
Suck-basket. — Can any of your readers give me
the derivation of buck-basket ? QUEST.
[Buck (Germ, bauche ; It. bucatd) : a lye made from
ashes, used for making a lather to wash linen : hence
bucking is the act of washing. The Flemish buycken, to
wash, and buyckster, a washerwoman, are cognate words.
Buck-basket therefore means a basket used for carrying
linen to be washed or bucked.
" Throw foul linen upon him, as if he were going to
bucking." — Merry Wives of Windsor.
Nares adds, " It seems from the Merry Wives of Wind-
sor, that they bucked the clothes in the river, in which
case we lose sight of the lye or lixivium of the etymolo-
gists, of which I am inclined to doubt the authority. The
expression of buck-washing conveys the idea of a par-
ticular mode :
" ' You were best meddle in buck-washing.'' "
Merry Wives of Windsor.^
Earl of Annesley sold into Slavery. — In a
volume of the Gentleman's Magazine (about 1750,
I believe) there is a very interesting account of
this case. The Earl, so far as I recollect, was at
last put in possession of the estates which had
been so iniquitously withheld from him. I am
desirous to know at what period he died, and
whether he left any descendants. It is most pro-
bable that the Romance of the Peerage will give
some particulars relative to his story.
HENRY T. BJLEY.
[This is one of the most singular and romantic cases
that ever perhaps engaged the attention of a court of
justice. This celebrated trial for ejectment between James
Annesley and Richard Earl of Anglesey, which took place
in the Court of Exchequer in Dublin, commenced on the
llth of November, 1743, and lasted fifteen days. Full
particulars of it will be found in John Burke's Patrician,
vol. i.; pp. 309—317., vol. ii. pp. 28—34. James Annesley,
374
NOTES AND QUERIES.
NO 45., Nov. 8. '56.
the youthful slave, recovered his estates; but it is rather
singular that he never assumed the titles himself, or
afterwards disturbed his yrtcle in the possession of them.
In a note to the State Trials the subsequent fate of James
Annesley is thus recorded :— " James Annesley, Esq., died
Jan. 5, 1760. He was twice married ; first, to a daughter
of Mr. Chester, at Staines-Bridge, in Middlesex, by whom
he had one son and two daughters. The son, James An-
nesley, Esq., died Nov. 1763, without issue ; and the eldest
daughter was married to Charles Wheeler, Esq., son of
the late Captain Wheeler in the Guinea trade. Annesley
himself was married, secondly, to a daughter of Sir
Thomas I'Anson of Bounds, near Tonbridge, in Kent,
gentleman-porter of the Tower, by whom he had a
daughter and a son, who are both dead ; the son, aged
about seven years, died about the beginning of 1764;
and the daughter, aged about twelve, died in May, 1765.]
Tumbrel. — I saw lately, in an old court leet
book, a presentment of an officer for not keeping a
tumbrel in order. What was a tumbrel ? D. W.
[Some authors make the tumbrel sj'nonymous with the
cucking-stool ; but that there was a difference between
them is clear from an extract in Lysons's Environs, vol. ii.
p. 244. : " At a court of the manor of Edgeware, anno
1552, the inhabitants were presented for not having a
tumbrel and cucking-stool." The tumbrel, or tombercau,
was a two-wheeled cart, unloaded by throwing back, in
which, for the sake of exposure, adulterers or fornicators
were carted through the town. (Fosbroke.) Lipscomb,
in his Sucks, i. 516., also speaks of the tumbrel as a dif-
ferent instrument of punishment to the cucking-stool.
He says, " The tumbrel had many advantages over the
ordinary cucking-stool, and was the more honourable in-
strument of the two ; not used for the more flagitious
offenders, or those scolds who talked the loudest, but for
ladies of higher rank, and that a scolding dame, entitled
to such distinction in her punishment, was as proud of it,
as a nobleman claiming the privilege of being hanged
with a silken halter, instead of a common one made of
hemp."]
NEWCOURTS " REPERTORIUM."
(2nd S. ii. 304.)
I perfectly agree with your correspondent J. Y.
that, as the diocese of London will shortly be sub-
jected to a new arrangement, it is much to be
desired that steps should be taken to complete to
the present time that valuable work, Newcourt's
jRepertorium Ecclesiasticum Parochiale Londi-
nense. But what he recommends will scarcely
meet the want in the best manner.
The authorities of Sion College would, of them-
selves, be able to give but an insufficient aid to
the correct continuation of Newcourt's work. Let
the Bishop of London be applied to to allow a
continuation of Newcourt's list of incumbents
throughout his work, to be extracted from the
registers of the diocese ; the lists would then be
straightforwardly correct, and the work be com-
pleted in the shape of SUPPLEMENT, through the
whole diocese.
The biographical notices of each incumbent
should be very limited in extent, referring rather,
where the persons deserved more particular notice,
to works where more extensive information re-
lating to them could be found.
The access, since Newcourt's time, to abbey
registers and important information from a variety
of sources, the Journals of the House of Commons,
&c., would add much to the local history his text
contains.
What I would recommend is, that a Supple-
ment to Newcourt's Repertorium should be pro-
posed to the several parts of the work as they
stand, bringing the history down to the alteration
of the diocese as now in contemplation.
The work, as it at present stands, valuable as
it is, brings so undeservedly low a price, that the
republication would not remunerate the under-
taking.
Let a Supplement to the work be prepared, as
far as possible, in uniformity with Newcourt's own
arrangement, and published in portions or parts
not too expensive, and there can be no doubt, but
that the produce in point of sale would, between
the incumbents and the general public in these
inquisitive times, sufficiently reward the under-
taking. HENRY ELLIS.
LUCY WALTERS, MOTHER OF THE DUKE OF
MONMOUTH.
(2nd S. ii. 308.)
" Of all the numerous progeny was none
So beautiful, so brave, as Absalom.
With secret joy, indulgent David view'd
His youthful image in his son renew'd;
To all his wishes nothing he denied,
And made the charming Annabel his bride."
Dryden, Absalom and Achitophel.
The annexed descent of Lucy Walters is based
on, and chiefly derived from, the Visitation Pedi-
gree of her family in the Heraldic Visitations of
Wales, by Lewys JDvvnn, Deputy Herald at Arms,
published for the Welsh MS. Society, Llando-
very, folio, 1846, vol. i. p. 228. This pedigree,
which was taken by Lewys Dwnn, at Haverford-
west in 1609, terminates with John Walter, son
of Roger Walter, and does not include Richard
Walter, brother of the former and father of LUCY
WALTERS. Richard may, therefore, be presumed
to have been then unborn. Of the name of his
wife, of his children, other than Lucy, if any, and
of her place and date of birth, I have no particu-
lars ; but her legitimacy does not appear to have
been questioned. Sir Walter Scott (Dryden's
Works, note in., on Absalom and Achitophel,
Edinburgh, 8vo., 1821, vol. ix. p. 250.), refers to
her as " Mrs. Lucy Walters, or Waters, otherwise
called Barlow, a beautiful young lady, of a good
Welch family." The name of Walter indicates
2"d S. NO 45., Nov. 8. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
375
English, not Welsh (C$mric) extraction; and
Lewys Dwnn deduces the paternal line of the
family from Sir Richard " Koms," of Colchester,
co. Essex. The pedigree exhibits no connexion
with the name of Barlow, which was as generally
assigned to her as that of her paternal ancestors,
nor from the pedigree of the Barlows of Slebetch,
co. Pembroke, Baronets, in Collins's English Ba-
ronetage (London, 8vo., 1741, vol. iii. part n., pp.
614-17.), does any alliance appear to have existed
between the latter and the family of Lucy Walters.
SlON AP GWILLYM AP SlON.
Inner Temple.
JOHN WALTER, " alias Chwoms, descendyd lynoli off Syr Richart ap William Kom9, Knt., of Kolsiestr in Eseks.'
JOHN WALTER, Gent.= Alice, daughter of William Mendinsor.
MOHRIS WALTER,=Jane, daughter (by Jonet,
Gent., "of Herf-
ford, 1591."
Lewys Dwnn, I.
163, and "Hwll-
fordd,1597." 76.
daughter of David ap
Sir Rys ap Thomas,
Knt.) of William Wa-
ren, Esq., son of John
Waren, son of William
Waren. Lewys Dwnn,
1.163.
Alice, daughter (by= WILLIAM WALTSR,= Alice, sister of Sir Thomas Myddelton, Knt.,
Gole, daughter of Gent., of Haver- Lord Mayor of London in 1613, ancestor of the
Lloyd of fordwest, co.Pem- Myddeltons of Chirk Castle, co. Denbigh. Ba-
Llanrystyd, co. broke, living there ronets, and sister of Sir Hugh Myddelton, Bart.,
Cardigan) of in 1609. and daughter of Richard Myddelton, Esq., Go-
Hugh Barnard. vernor of Denbigh Castle, temp. Edward VI.,
Mary and Elizabeth, by Jane, daughter of Hugh
Dryhurst, Esq., of Denbigh. Lewys Dwnn, II,
WILLIAM WALTER, Gent.,==Jane, daughter (by
living in 1608, of Castle
Roach, co. Pembroke.
Lewys Dwnn, 1. 128.
Jonet, daughter of
John Philips, son
of Sir John Philips)
of Francis Lacharn,
Esq., of "Saint y
Bridsam y La-
charns," co. Pem-
broke. Lewya
Dwnn, I. 73.
ROGER WALTER=Jane, daughter (by Frances, daugh-
ter of Morgan Powel, Gent., 1691)
of Hayerford-
west, living in
1609.
of John Saint Marichurch, of
" Kastell Martyn, Maner Beiar's
Paris," co. Pembroke, who signed
his Visitation Pedigree 10 Nov.,
33 Elizabeth, 1591. Lewys Dwnn,
I. 124.
MORGAN WAL-
TER, in Holy
Orders.
ROLAND =
WALTER,
Gent.,
living
in 1608.
Frances, daughter and
heiress (by Mary,
daughter of David ap
Harry, Esq., of Gwm
Tydi, co. Cardigan,)
of Griffith ap Thomas
ap Rhys.
ELIZABETH,
married
John Ky-
na, Gent.
Ann, mar-
ried John
Williams
of Kile.
WILLIAM
TER, li
Elizabeth.
Jane.
LETvs=Henry Daws, Gent,, 1591,
of Castle Marten, co. Pem-
broke. -;
Lewys Dwnn, 1. 128.
Mawd=Thomas Byrt ap John,
apparently Thomas, eldest son
of" Sion [John] Byrtt,1591. wn
or ddwy Siryffo Gaervyrddin,"
of "Llandygwy, Llwyn Dy-
rys," co. Caerdigan, the latter
of whom signed his Visitation
Pedigree 26 July, 33 Elizabeth,
1591. Lewys Dwnn, I. 83.
ALICB.
JOHN WAL-
TER, born
in or prior
to 1609.
RICHARD WALTER,
not included in
Visitation Pedi-
gree of 1609, and
probably not
then born, sup-
posed to have as-
sumed the name
of Barlow.
JAMES, created DUKE o
and OP BCTCCLKUCH
OP MOJC
K.G., b.
MouTH=Anne, Countess and Duche
born at
Rotterdam, 9 April, 1649';' married
20 April, 1663; executed 15 July,
1685.
of Buccleuch, daughter and,
heiress of Francis, Earl of
Buccleuch. Born 1651 ; died
6 Feb. 1732, astat. 81.
Lucy WALTER s,~
or BARLOW.
Charles, 3rd
kLord Cornwal-
lis, married in
1688, died 29
April, 1698.
;CHARLESII. KlNG
ENGLAND.
JAMES, EARL OP DALKEITH, born 23 May, 1674 ; died 14 March, 1705=Henrietta, daughter of Lawrence Hyde, 1st Earl of Rochester.
FBANCIS, 2nd DUKE OP BCCCLEUCH, ancestor of Walter Francis, 5th and present Duke of Buccleuch.
Mistress Lucy Walter, not Walters, the mother
of the Duke of Monmouth, was descended from a
knightly family, which nourished in the county of
Pembroke for nearly two centuries. Thus, in
1565, Morris Walter was mayor of Haverford-
west ; and in 1727, Sir Richard Walter was high
sheriff of the county of Pembroke. I am not
certain as to the year of the birth of Mistress
Lucy Walter ; but she was born at Ros Market,
a small village in which her father possessed a
mansion, the ruins of which are still extant, and
situate about five miles from Haverfordwest. Her
father was Richard Walter, Esq., of Roch and
Trefran, in the county of Pembroke ; and her
mother was Bridget, daughter of Henry Midleton,
of Midleton Hall, in the county of Carmarthen,
Esq. In a copy of the pedigree of the Walter
family in my possession, the name of Mistress
Lucy stands thus :
" Luce, married King Charles the 2nd, England."
So general was the belief that a marriage had
actually taken place between the King and this
lady, that Charles offered his Privy Council to
make oath that no such contract had been entered
into. This belief was greatly strengthened by the
Duke of Monmouth's being treated by his father
as if he had been a Prince of the Blood. The
families of Barlow and Walter were connected by
intermarriage : Sir John Barlow, the first baro-
net, having married the daughter of Sir Chris-
topher Midleton of Midleton Hall, and Joseph
376
NOTES AND QUERIES.
NO 45., Nov. 8. '56.
Walter having married Dorothy, daughter of
Thomas Barlow ; but I am not aware that Lucy
Walter ever went by the latter name. There are,
I believe, descendants of the Walter family still
to be found in the county of Pembroke, and to
some of them the gift of beauty seems to have
come down as an heir-loom.
JOHN PAVIN PHILLIPS.
Haverfordwest.
BESUSCITATION OF THE DEAD.
(2nd S. ii. 248.)
If DR. LOTSKY will refer to p. 1103. of the
fourth edition of Dr. Carpenter's Principles of
Human Physiology, he will see that notice is there
taken of the performances of the Indian Fakeers
to which his inquiry is directed ; and in a note
will find that Mr. Braid in his Observations on
Trance, or Human Hibernation (1850), has pub-
lished a collection of well-authenticated cases of
the interment and resuscitation of Fakeers. Lieut.
A. Boileau, in his Narrative of a Journey in Raj-
warra in 1835, also relates a case. Reference J
may also be made to the Medical Times, No. 281.,
Feb. S, 1845, pp. 399. and 439.
The most remarkable case on record is, I_be-
lieve, that mentioned in Mr. Braid's case, from an
account afforded by an eye-witness, Sir Claude
M.' Wade, C.B., formerly political agent at the
Court of Runjeet Singh, which occurred during
the period he occupied that position. I have re-
cently had an opportunity of conversing with Sir ]
C. M. Wade on this case, and believe the follow- i
ing particulars connected with the preparation of ,
the Fakeer for interment are not contained in
Mr. Braid's work.
For some time previous to interment the Fa-
keer sustained himself on rice only, subsequently i
exchanged for rice water ; after having been thus
dieted, he rolled up a piece of cotton into the form
of a small ball,;- which he swallowed ; this was
passed per anuni ; afterwards he took milk, which,
it is stated, passed in an unchanged condition.
This appeared to be the test of his being in a fit
state to undergo interment.
The natural apertures of the body, with the ex- j
ception of the mouth, were stopped with wax ; '
the Fakeer then squatted down, opened his mouth, |
and with his fingers turned the point of his tongue
backwards, and closed the mouth. Almost imme- !
diutely after this he seemed to fall into a state of
collapse. He was then placed in a bag, put into
a box in the position he had assumed, and let
down into a cell and buried. After he had been
interred for six weeks, the cell was opened in the
presence of Runjeet Singh and Sir C. M. Wade.
He was removed from, the box, and the bag opened
by Dr. Macgregor, who was also present ; no
beating of the heart could be detected, nor pulsa-
tion at the wrists. The general appearance of the
body was corpse-like ; the face was swollen, and
the head, which reclined on one side, was warm
to the touch. Resuscitation was commenced by
pouring warm water on the head, and the suc-
cessive application, also to the head, of three or
four fresh half-baked wheaten cakes. The wax
was removed from the nostrils, its removal being
followed by a convulsive movement of the whole
body ; the wax from the other apertures was then
removed ; next the mouth was opened with some
little force, the jaws being clenched, and the
tongue drawn forward ; some difficulty, however,
was at first experienced in retaining the tongue in
its natural position, as it returned once or twice
to that in which it had been previously placed.
The eyelids were separated, moved up and down,
and rubbed ; general friction completed the means
employed for resuscitation. In the course of
thirty or forty minutes the Fakeer recovered the
power of articulation, and his first remark, made
to Runjeet Singh, in the language of his country,
was, " You believe me now." On being asked
whether he retained any consciousness during in-
terment, he replied that he had been in a dreamy
state. Some three or four months after this oc-
currence he died, but his death was not attributed
to his previous protracted interment.
" It is impossible," says Dr. Carpenter in reference to
the above, and somewhat similar instances of apparent
death, " in the present state of our knowledge, to give
any satisfactory account of these states ; but some light
appears to be thrown upon them by certain phenomena of
artiiicial somnambulism, ' hypnotic ' or ' mesmeric ; ' for
in this condition there is sometimes an extraordinary re-
tardation of the respiratory movements and of the pulsa-
tions of the heart, which, if carried further, would produce
a state of complete collapse ; and its self-induction is sus-
pected by Mr. Braid to be the secret of the performance of
the Indian Fakeers just referred to."
R. WlLBBAHAM FALCONER, M.D.
Bath.
ta
tihtf rtetf*
John Cleland (2nd S. ii. 351.) —MR. RILEY has
touched upon the history of a remarkable man,
the author of the infamous novel often referred to
and seldom named. That John Cleland wrote
that work (published anonymously, the first part
in 1748, the second in 1749) is undoubted, and
that Griffiths admitted a favourable notice of it
in the Monthly Review is also undoubted. (See
Mr. Forster's Life of Goldsmith, vol. i. p. xxx. se-
cond edition.) But the difficulty is, who was
John Cleland' s father? Was it Pope's friend
Major W. Cleland, or Colonel W. Cleland, men-
tioned in Swift's Journal to Stella? In the
Gentleman s Magazine for 1789 is an account of
John Cleland, but inaccurate in several points.
2nd s. NO 45., Nov. 8. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
377
His history is worth more attention, "for warning
and example," than has yet been bestowed on it.
G.D.
Dr. Griffiths and the " Monthly Review."— That
the proprietor of the Monthly Review (Dr. Grif-
fiths, I believe) should ever inadvertently have
permitted his pages to have been sullied with a
review of that infamous work, The Woman of
Pleasure, must have been to him a source of poig-
nant regret. Although it has been said of the
work that not one word taken abstractedly could
give offence to the chastest ear, yet taken col-
lectively it is a work of the most atrocious cha-
racter, and it would be a happy thing if it could
be doomed to perdition and oblivion. It is with
regret I refer (for the critique desired) to vol. ii.
of the Monthly Review, March, 1750, p. 431-2.
r.
An Oxford Squib (2nd S. ii. 101.) — I have
little doubt that this clever effusion is by Nicholas
Amhurst, author of the Terra Filius, in 1721.
The two persons most severely ridiculed in it are
Dr. Delaune, President of St. John's, and Dr.
Hole, Master of Exeter ; and it is upon these two
dons that Amhurst is more severe in his Terra
Filius than upon any of the other objects of his
hatred : giving to the former the nickname of
Father William, and to the latter that of Dr.
Drybones, and ridiculing him for his parsimony.
^ Dr. Gardiner of All Souls, Dr. Dobson of Tri-
nity, and Mr. Whistler, the bedell (legatus acade-
micus) are also named in the Terra Filius. Dr.
Holland is the only one that is not named ; but it
is not improbable that he figures as Dr. Crassus.
Could any of your readers identify some of the
other names in the Terra Filius f
HENRY T. RILEY.
Mrs. Gwynn (2nd S. ii. 330.) — There can be
no doubt that the Mrs. Gwyn mentioned in the
anonymous old Diary was the wife of William
Gwyn, one of the auditors of the Exchequer,
living at Windsor, and whose daughter, Ann
Gwyn, married Richard Aldworth of Stanlake,
Berks, some time M.P. for Reading, and the pa-
ternal ancestor of the Lords Braybrooke. There
is a long Latin inscription on a monument, still
extant in the parish church of Ruscombe, erected
to the memory of his parents, by their younger son
Dr. Charles Aldworth, Camden Professor at Ox-
ford, printed in Le Neve's Monumenta Anglicana,
vol. iii. pp. 147, 148. William Aldworth, who
carried the money to Stanlake, was Mr. R. Ald-
>rth's brother, connected also with the Ex-
iequer, and described as of Windsor. B.
Gelsthrop, Arms of (^ S. ii. 211.)— Is T. B.
sure he is correct as to there having been a family
or individual of this name, entitled to arms, at
Fishlake, Yorkshire. I have made inquiry of
the present vicar of that place, who is a good an-
tiquary and genealogist, and he states that he
does not meet with any mention of the name in
the parish register, nor are there any monumental
inscriptions relating to it. C. J.
Culme Family of Devonshire (2nd S. ii. 330.) —
The Culme family, which has at various periods
spelt its name Coluinb, Culme, and Cullum, of
Holland Sarazen, or Champeaux, in the county
of Devon, professes to trace back to Sir William
Culme, who lived in the time of Edward I. From
this, the parent stem, which became extinct in
the direct male line in 1658, the Cullums of Haw-
sted, in the county of Suffolk, are stated to be
descended, though the fact is questioned by a
learned author of that family, Sir John Cullum,
in his History of Hawsted. The arms, which are
identical in both families, are as follows : " Azure,
a chevron ermine, between 3 pelicans with wings
expanded, or." Crest : " a lion sejant proper,
supporting a Corinthian column."
At the commencement of the last century, there
lived in this city (of which he was also a native),
the Rev. Benjamin Culm, Vicar of St. Olave's,
Chester. He bore similar arms to the Devon-
shire family. T. HUGHES.
Chester.
Names of Places in Dublin (2nd S. ii. 315.) — I
know that there are many Irish readers of " N.
& Q. ;" and I believe that there are very few, if
any, among them, who would not feel interested
in any light which P. B. might be able to throw
on the origin of the names of localities in Dublin,
or its neighbourhood. I hope, therefore, that he
will have the kindness to impart whatever infor-
mation he may possess regarding the " Pigeon
House," &c. 'AA-teut,-.
Dublin.
Chech, or Cheque (2nd S. ii. 191.) — A corre-
spondent, T. H., inquires which of the above ways
of spelling is the correct one : Cheque, it is
answered, very truly, I think, is now almost ob-
solete. T. H. is then referred to the Dictionaries
of Doctors Richardson and Ogilvie, and is told
that " in the latter work the etymologies of En-
glish words are deduced from a comparison of
words of corresponding elements in the principal
languages of Europe and America " (sic)*
I am afraid T. H. may take it for granted that
it is to Dr. Ogilvie he would, on reference to the
word chech, feel himself indebted for this sort of
deduction. He would be greatly mistaken ; there
is not one word in that gentleman's Dictionary
which is not " conveyed " as Antient Pistol, or
" lifted," as Dr. Ogilvie's countrymen would say,
[* On turning to the passage, we find this is a pro-
voking misprint for Asia. — ED. ]
378
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
. tfo 45., Kov. 8. >56.
from the pages of our transatlantic brother — N"oah
Webster. Whatevey be the merit or demerit of
the deduction, to Webster it wholly belongs. In
ho\v many other instances, indeed in how great a
portion of the entire work, it may be traced that
similar "conveyances," or "liftings," have" been
perpetrated, I am not prepared to say. Certain
I am, in far too many to allow of an excuse under
the plea of general acknowledgment. Such ge-
neral acknowledgments are in value much on a
par with Falstaff's " Master Shallow, I owe thee a
thousand pounds."
To this same charge the Dictionary of Dr. Craik
is equally exposed, and our American brethren,
with all lovers of fair play, have just cause for
complaint.
So also we have Latin Dictionaries founded or
based on Freund, and no means afforded of dis-
cerning for how much of the superstructure the
builders are respectively indebted to the same
artist.
Even that fur Irifurcifer — Scapula — thought
it became him to say :
" At vero ne thesauri illius, Herculeo sane labore com-
positi, autorem bene de literis meritum debita laude
fraudare, aut me alienis plumis venditare, videar, quid
illi acceptum feram, fateri non gravabor."
And his acknowledgment amounts to this :
that whatever things he found more copiously
nnd more accurately set forth in the Thesaurus of
Henry Stephens, " ea inde potissimum deprompta
meo instituto accommodavi."
In speaking of Richardson's Dictionary, the
writer omits to inform T. H. that in it he will find
the very curious historical etymology of our re-
nowned countryman, and prince of oriental scho-
lars, Sir William Jones. Q.
Bloomsbury.
Oldest Australian Colonist (2nd S. ii. 307.) —
This paragraph alludes to Melbourne only, and
not to Australia generally. Victoria, of which
Melbourne is the capital, was founded but twenty-
one years since, and H. Waller might easily be
the oldest colonist; but the colonising of Aus-
tralia commenced in 1788, or six years before
Mr. Waller's birth. CIRCUMNAVIGATOR.
Parish Registers (2nd S. ii. 66. 151. 318.) — On
the authority of Mr. Sims's excellent Manual for
the Genealogist, Topographer, Antiquary, and Legal
Professor, fyc. (Russell Smith, 1856), I am able
to inform E. G. 11. that it was ordained —
" by a constitution made by the archbishops and clergy
of Canterbury, 25th of October, 1597, that parchment
register books should be purchased at the expense of
each parish, and that there should be transcribed, at the
same parish cost, from the paper books then in use, into
the parchment registers, not only the names of those who
had been baptized, married, or buried, during the reign
of the then Queeu (which commenced 1558, a period of
thirty -nine years prior to the mandate), but also the
names of those who thenceforth should be baptized, mar-
ried, or buried. Such transcripts to be examined, and
their correctness certified at the bottom of each page, by
the clergyman and churchwardens. Copies of the regis-
ters were to be forwarded annually, within one month of
Easter, by the respective churchwardens, to the registrar
of the diocese, that they might be faithfully preserved in
the episcopal archives. The constitution was approved
by the Queen, under the Great Seal of England, and
ordered to be observed in both provinces of Canterbury
and York."— P. 351.
Those who are anxious to know how these
documents are preserved, and the exorbitant fees
charged for consulting them, should read pages
357-8. of the above work. As specimens, take
the following :
Lincoln. " The duplicate parish registers are tied up
in the parcels in which they were sent, bundled into
boxes ; and those which have been written on parchment
were regularly cut up for binding modern wills."
Lichfield. " The charge for searching the parish regis-
ter returns at Lichfield is six shillings 'and eight pence
for each year."
K. P. D. E.
Fowlers of Staffordshire (2nd S. ii. 307.) — In
answer to WILFRID, allow me to give the follow-
ing extract from Edmondson's Heraldry :
" FOWLER (Thomas, of Staffordshire). Az. on a chev.
engr. (another, not engr.), betw. three lions pass. gard.
or, as man}' crosses formee (another, moline,) sab. Crest.
A bird ducally gorged or. Another crest. A cubit arm
habited az. in"the hand prpr. a leure vert, feathered arg.,
lined or, twisted round the arm."
WILFRID will find the lineage in Burke's Landed
Gentry, where the arms are given as in Edmond-
son, with the crest, "An owl ducally crowned
or." RUST.
Norwich.
Of St. Thomas, Staffordshire : az. on a chevron
or, between 3 lions passant guardant as many
crosses formee (another gives crosses moline),
sable. Crest, a bird ducally gorged, or ; another
crest, a cubit arm habited, azure, holding a lure,
vert, feathered, argent, lined, or, twisted round
the arm.
Unless the party can prove a descent from the
first grantee he has no right to use the arms,
Fowler being a very usual name. P. P.
Hospital Out-patients (2nd S. ii. 69. 156.) — The
days for admission to the Leicester Infirmary are
Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. The popula-
tion of Leicester is about 67,000.
P. J. F. GANTILLON.
Fagot : Ficatum, frc. (2nd S. i. 236.) — Your
correspondent says : " I know of no instance of i
and a being confounded in etymology." I can
tell him of one, very similar to the instance under
consideration. The common people, in the in-
terior of Lancashire, to this day, call a "fig-pie"
a " fag- pie." HENRY T. RILEY.
2** S. N° 45., Nov. 8. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
379
Theodolite (2nd S. i. 73. 122.) — Is it not most
probable that this "still- vexed" word is com-
pounded from the Greek eeaouai, "to see," and
etSwAoj/, "a figure," or "object?" I say nothing
as to the rules for the formation of compound
words. ETA BETA Pr.
Masvicius' Virgil (2nd S. ii. 235.) — If either of
your correspondents should be desirous of seeing
or obtaining a fine copy of the Leuwarden edition,
I can accommodate them. W. G. L.
39. Westbourne Grove.
NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.
Two biographies of men, alike in their strong natural
genius, but different in country and education, Bernard
Palissy and Jerome Cardan, has Mr. Morley already
given to the world. He has now completed this triology
of lives by that of Cornelius Agrippa : and thus accom-
plished, and very successfully, the point at which he
aimed, that of showing us what the life of a scholar was
at the time of the revival of learning and the reformation
of the Church. Through how many pages of old for-
gotten learning, through what piles of old Latin letters
written by Agrippa, must Mr. Morley have waded to
gather the materials for the pleasant and interesting
volumes in which he gives us the history of a man
who won his knighthood in the field, who earned his
doctorate in every faculty, who wrote a book on magic,
which keeps him as a magician in men's minds even up
to the present day, and who, after discoursing upon the
" Vanity of Sciences and Arts," died away from the wife
who had dishonoured him and the children from whom
he was forced to flee, a lonely and unhappy man. Mr.
Morley will have added to his reputation by these two
volumes, which we commend very heartily to the notice
of our readers; although we cannot endorse all the
opinions and views to which the author has given ex-
pression.
When a man of fortune employs his ample means in
collecting works of art or objects of antiquity, he does
good service to the cause of Art or Archaeology ; but he
deserves still higher praise when he endeavours to make
others the sharers in the enjoyment to be derived from
their possession by the publication of casts, engravings,
&c., of the treasures in his keeping. To this higher praise
Lt.-Gen. Fox is fully entitled— for, having busied himself
for forty years in forming a Collection of Coins, he has
now issued a series of engravings of such of them as have
hitherto been unpublished, for the use of numismatic stu-
dents. The work is entitled Engravings of Inedited or Rare
Greek Coins, with Descriptions, by Lieutenant-General C.
R. Fox. Part L, Europe ; and this first part comprises 114
Greek Coins of Europe, commencing with Massilia, and
terminating with the Islands of the ^Egean Sea ; and if
he is encouraged, of which there can be little doubt, the
editor proposes to complete it by a selection of such un-
published coins of Asia and Africa as may be in his pos-
session.
The world- wide reputation of the useful volumes pro-
duced by the late Mr. Maunder, and which are known as
Maunder's Treasuries, is likely to receive an increase by
the new volume just added to the Series. It is entitled
The Treasury of Geography, Physical, Historical, De-
scriptive, and Political, containing a succinct Account of
every Country in the World, preceded by an Introductory
Outline of the History of Geography ; a familiar Inquiry
into the Varieties of Race and Language exhibited by dif-
ferent Nations, and a View of the Relations of Geography
to Astronomy and the Physical Sciences. It was designed
and commenced by Mr. Maunder, but has been completed
by one well-fitted for the task, Mr. William Hughes ; and
with its ample index, well engraved maps, and accom-
panying plates, is such a complete handbook of the
branch of knowledge which it is intended to teach, that
it well deserves to be regarded, as it is designated, a
Treasury of Geography.
For seven years now has the well-known house of
De la Rue & Co. issued for the use of men of business
and men of no business, in fact, for every body, their
Indelible Diary and Memorandum Book. And as each
year has added to it some new description of useful in-
formation, it may readily be conceived what a vast
amount of that knowledge which is called for and wanted
every day is now garnered up in its clearly but closely
printed pages. While as a guarantee for that accuracy
without which the information would be worse thaii
useless, we have a responsible editor announced in the
title-page, viz. Mr. Norman Pogson, First Assistant at
the Radcliffe Observatory, Oxford.
Our readers, we are sure, will be glad to learn that
The Remains of Tho. Hearne, being Extracts from the
Manuscript Diaries of the Oxford Antiquary; collected,
with a few Notes, by Dr. Bliss, will shortly be published.
The learned Editor doubts "whether in these days two
hundred purchasers of such a work will be found, but
hopes that the Collectors of Hearne's Works, (to which
this may be deemed a fitting supplement,) the lovers of
biographical minutiae, of personal anecdote, of historical
gossip, and, above all, of the local antiquities, habits, and
manners of the University, will find in it somewhat of
information and amusement to make up for the smallness
of the impression, and the consequent high price" at
which the book is to be published. There can be but
little doubt of this, and We certainly look for it with
much anxiety.
We have this week to record the death of an occa-
sional, but most valuable contributor to "N. & Q.," the
Rev. Joseph Mendham, of Sutton Coldfield, who died there
on Sunday last, at the advanced age of 87. For several
years before his death, he had quitted the field of litera-
ture ; directing the powers of his mind to the prospect of
that state which brings " an end to all controversy," and in
which truth is to be seen at length in all its reality. The
late Mr. Thomas Rodd, than whom no one better knew
how to put scarce books into the most proper hands, used
to express this high character of him as a writer : " Few
men know so well the worth of books as Mr. Mendham,
and no one knows better how to use them." We propose
to give, next week, a List of his published Works.
BRITISH MUSEUM. — Our literary friends will be glad
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pletion, more than two hundred workmen being daily em-
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we are not misinformed, arrangements are being made
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venience of evening students ; and what above all it is
gratifying to know is, that there will be a complete ma-
nuscrfpt Catalogue of the collection in the room ; that is,
the present four or five different catalogues will be em-
bodied in one. The new Reading Room will be capable
of seating five hundred readers, giving ample table-room
380
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
[2ndS. N« 45., Nov. 8. '56.
(four or five feet) to each. It is not pleasant to the
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books to the reader than now exists.
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Correspondent asks when poplars were first planted in England,
as not stated the species. Willdenow has thirteen ; four natives of
in.
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NOTES AND QUERIES.
381
LONDON, SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 15, 1856.
THE CROMWELLS AND OLIVER ST. JOHN.
In " N. & Q." (1st S. vii. p. 520.), MR. CROSS-
LEY drew the attention of your readers to the
defence of Chief-Justice St. John, privately
printed for circulation among the Members of
the House of Commons in June, 1660, to induce
them to remove his name from the list of those
persons in the act of indemnity who were to
remain subject to such pains and ^penalties, not
extending to life, as might be determined in a
future bill. On June 27, St. John tendered a
petition to the House to alter their decision of
June 13 against him. The House refused to re-
ceive the petition ; and the result was the distri-
bution of the pamphlet, a copy of which I have
recently presented to the British Museum ; it was
known to Godwin, and contains the strongest and
best statement of St. John's conduct, and of the
coolness between him and Cromwell after the
adoption of the Instrument of Government.
The connection of St. John with the Cromwell
family commenced at an earlier period than is
generally supposed ; and through the kindness of
Mr. Staines Brocket Brocket, I am able to send you
extracts from the register of High Laver, Essex,
which will give information not heretofore known.
Oliver St. John was three times married. His
first wife, Johanna, was great-grand-daughter of
Sir Henry Cromwell of Hinchinbrooke. (Joane,
daughter of Sir Henry, married Sir Francis Bar-
rington : their daughter Elizabeth married Sir
James Altham, whose sole child was St. John's
first wife.) The date of the marriage I cannot
discover, but the first child's baptism thus appears :
" Joan S* John, daughter of Oliver S* John, Esquier,
and Joan hys wife, baptized thee 27th day of Januarie,
Anno Domini 1630."
This daughter was subsequently married to Sir
"Wai*61" St. John of Battersea ; is highly praised by
Simon Patrick, her chaplain (afterwards Bishop
of Chichester, and then of Ely), in his Autobio-
graphy, and in his dedication of Heart's Ease; and
was grandmother of Lord Bolingbroke.
St. John, therefore, was already allied to Hamp-
deii when, in Nov. 1629, with the Duke of Bed-
ford, Cotton, Selden, and James, he was prose-
cuted in the Star Chamber.
. This first wife died after the birth of their
fourth child, William, in 1637. Her mother had
taken for her second husband Sir William Ma-
sham of Otes, in High Laver ; and to. show that
St. John's second marriage met with the approval
of his first wife's relatives, it took place at their
parish church ; the entry being —
" Mr. Oliver Seniohn and Elizabeth Cromwell maried,
Jan. 21, 1638."
She was daughter and co-heiress of Henry
Cromwell of Upwood ; and to this Mrs. St. John,
whilst staying with the Mashams at Otes, Oliver
Cromwell addressed the letter dated October 13,
1638, printed by Thurloe (vol. i. p. 1.), and by
Carlyle (vol. i. p. 141.). She had one son, Oliver,
and one daughter, Elizabeth, married to Sir John
Barnard of Brampton.
Of St. John's third wife, all that has been stated is,
that she was widow of " one Cockcroft, a merchant
of London ; " and it has been implied, that money
was the Chief- Justice's attraction. She was, how-
ever, a lady of eminence among the Puritan party.
She was Elizabeth, daughter of Daniel Oxenbridge,
of Christ's Church, Oxford, M.D., of Daventry,
and then of London, by his wife Elizabeth Harby
(maternally descended from the Throgmortons,
and so from Edw. III.) ; and her grandfather was
John Oxenbridge, B.D. of Southam, and next of
Coventry, "the preacher" who subscribed the
Book of Discipline, and with Paget was one of
the main causes of the disturbances in Warwick-
shire in June, 1576 (Strype's Grinded, vol. ii. c. 7.
p. 320. ; Brook's Puritans, vol. iii. p. 510. ; Neale,
vol. i. p. 387.). She was, therefore, sister of the
celebrated Nonconformist Fellow of Eton, John
Oxenbridge, of whom Cotton Mather (book iii. p.
221.) speaks as dying whilst in the pastoral charge
of the first church in Boston, Mass. ; and also of
Clement Oxenbridge, who was, "in 1652, a com-
missioner for relief upon articles of war; and of
Katherine, the wife of the Parliamentary General,
Philip Skippon. Her first husband, Caleb Cock-
croft, was buried at St. Stephen's, Coleman Street,
March 7, 1645 ; and after St. John's death, Dec.
31, 1673, she also was married a third time; her
last husband being Sir Humphrey Sydenham of
Chilworthy, near Ilminster : there she died, March
1, 1679-80, and was buried at Combe St. Nicho-
las, without having had any child.
Justice has not been done to Chief- Justice St.
John by any biographer. I could produce strong
evidence to disprove the assertion that he died
" disgracefully rich ; " but I will not anticipate
Mr. Foss's Life, in his Judges.
And now for my Query : — Oliver St. John, the
son by Elizabeth Cromwell, married Elizabeth
Harvey, and was living at Tonrogee in Ireland
in 1681 : did he leave any descendants ? and if
so, are any now alive, and where ?
WM. DURRANT COOPER.
81. Guilford Street, Russell Square.
SANGAREE, ORIGIN OF THE NAME.
No satisfactory derivation of the word San-
garee (the refreshing cup of wine mixed with
lime juice and spices, much resorted to in tropical
lands,) has, I believe, yet been given. I suspect
382
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[>a S. No 46., Nov. 15. '56.
that its origin is to be found in the celebrated
" Sangreal," an admirable Note on which appears
in the first volume oP' N. & Q."
I must briefly give the substance of this Note :
— in Scott's Marmion, introduction to canto first,
are these lines :
" A sinful man and unconfessed, •
He sought the Sangreal's holy quest."
To this is appended a note, referring to the my-
thic Arthur and his round table. He relates, that
on one occasion, when this prince and his knights
were carousing, the Sangreal, the identical vessel
out of which the last passover was eaten, and
which had been long concealed from human eyes,
suddenly appeared to the assembled guests. Sis-
niondi, Lit. South of Europe, gives the parti-
culars of this Provencal legend : in which the
Sangreal is mentioned as the cup out of which the
Messiah drank at his crucifixion, so called from
sanguis realis.
Now my grounds for suspecting that Sangaree
may have originated in the Sangreal are as
follow : —
1. The language of the Troubadours tended, in
its decay, rather to Spain than to France. In the
former country, the absurd legends of the age
found, in the genius of the people, a soil better
calculated to obtain a lasting existence than it
could elsewhere.
That the word Sangaree has come from Spain
to the West Indies is very probable, from the
fact that it does not appear in any French dic-
tionary (known to me), though it does in those
of the Spanish language. The profane habit of
the Spanish people of mixing sacred matters with
things common, suggests the probability of the
friendly cup of hospitality receiving this appel-
lation.
Aged persons of intelligence in the West Indies
inform me, that in the golden age of their lands,
it was customary, after breakfast, to place on the
sideboard a large cup (what a temptation to use
the word chalice?), filled with this spiced wine,
for each person to drink &Ve dv^s eTne ; and that
the vessel was commonly called the Sangaree
bowl.
Sully, in his Memoirs, makes mention of a
favourite oath or exclamation of Henry IV. of
France, namely, " ventre St. Gris:" the origin or
meaning of the phrase was, I believe (I quote
from memory), unknown to Sully. When we call
to mind that Henry's kingdom of Navarre was
itself the seat of the Troubadours, and that a
monarch of Navarre was one of this body, it is
most probable that Henry was well acquainted
with their writings, and that his St. Gris was no
other than the St. Greal. The initial word venire
puzzles me, but it may refer to the obese dimen-
sions of the vessel. MR. BREEN could, no doubt,
throw some light on this matter. J. P.
CHURCHING PLACE.
In most parishes women to be churched sit in
their own pews. In other places there is a pew
called the churching-pew ; in others, an open seat
called the churching- seat ; and in some few places
in ^the West of England, as at Dodington, near
Bridgewater, the woman has a seat near the Com-
munion Table.
The following rubrics occur in the Liturgies :
1549. " The woman shall come into the church, and
there shall kneel down in some convenient place nigh
unto the quire door."
1552, 1559, 1604. " The woman shall come into the
church, and then shall kneel down in some convenient
place nigh unto the place where the table standeth."
1662. " The woman, at the usual time after her de-
liver}', shall come into the church decently apparelled,
and there shall kneel down in some convenient place as
hath heen accustomed, or as the ordinary shall direct."
The Scottish Service-book of 1637 has the
second of these rubrics, but styling " the table "
"the Lord's Table."
It appears from a Manuale in usum Sarum (a
book of the offices), now in the library of the
Rev. E. B. Warren, the rector of St. Mary's, Marl-
borough, that before the Protestant Reformation,
the churching of women took place in the church
porch, as the rubric states it to be, " ante ostium
ecclesie" [before the church door]. And at its
conclusion is the following rubric :
" Tune aspergant mulierem aqua benedicta : deinde in-
ducat earn sacerdos per man urn dexteram in ecclesiam,
dicens," [Then they sprinkle the woman with holy
water: afterwards the priest leads her by the right
hand into the church, saying], " Ingredere in templum
Dei vt habeas vitam eternam : et viuas in secula secu-
lorum. Amen." [Enter into the temple of God,|that
thou mayest have eternal life: and live for ever and
ever. Amen. ]
It is worthy of observation, that in the same
book, that part of the marriage service which is
now directed to be performed " in the body of
the church," is there directed to be performed
" ante ostium ecclesie" [before the church door] ;
and that instead of the present rubric before the
128th Psalm, as to "going to the Lord's table,"
the direction is " Hie intrent ecclesiam vsq. ad
gradum altaris." [Here they enter the church up
to the step of the altar.]
I would suggest that " N. & Q." would have
great additional value, if the contributors of Notes
(Queries do not signify) would give their names.
In a late Number (p. 333.) some most curious
books are referred to, as " in my possession," and
the writer signs by initials. How much better if
he gave his name. And information, with the
name of a good antiquary attached to it, can be
quoted in other works, as "it is stated by Mr.
Greaves," or "Mr. Bernhard Smith," and the
ike. F. A. CARRINGTON.
2nd s. NO 46., tfov. 15. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
383
THE TESTON.
In his excellent little work, Things Not Gene-
rally Known, Mr. Timbs states that the small
silver coin called a teston was so much reduced in
the reign of Henry VIII., that it did not repre-
sent at that time more than one-fourth of its
original value of 12d As a proof of the exces-
sive debasement it had undergone, I am glad to
have it in my power to furnish Mr. Timbs and
yourself with a correct copy of the following,
which was issued on April 10, in the 2nd year of
the reign of Edward VI., and is entitled " A Pro-
clamacion for the Callyng in of Testons."
" Where as it is come to the knowledge of oar soue-
raigne Lorde the kynges Maiestie, what fraude and cor-
rupcion, hath of late tyme been vsed, in the falsyng of
his highnes coyne, nowe currant, specially of the peces of
xii. D. comonly named Testons, by reason that the same
sort of coyne, for the greatnes and facilitee of counter-
faictyng, hath the rather giuen occasion, to diuerse eiuill
persones, to stampe or caste peces of the same forme and
bignes, in greate multitude, the practizers whereof (as is
knowen) are not onely menne here dwellyng, but also for
the moste parte haue been straungers, dwelling in forain
partes, who haue found the meanes to conueigh priuely,
and disperce the said counterfeict peces abrode, in his
maiesties dominions, to the greate deceipt and detriment
of his hignes moste louyng Subiectes, which haue re-
cieued the same : His maiestie therefore myndyng the
due reformacion hereof, and to preuent the like practice,
hereafter, by the aduise and assent of his derest vncle,
the lorde Protector, and others of his counsaill, doeth will
and commaunde, that from the last day of December next
comnii'-ng, after the date hereof the saied coyne or peces
of xii. D. commonly named Testons, shal no more be
currant, within any of his highnes realmes or dominions,
but bee taken onely for Bullion. And further straightly
chargeth and commaundeth al singuler his highnes sub-
iectes, and others whatsoeuer, beyng within any his
maiesties saied realmes or dominions, that from the said
last daie of December, thei or any of theim, shall not
vtter, or receiue in paiment, any of the said Testons, as
his highnes coyne currant. And also, his hignes by the
aduise aforesaid, willeth and commaundeth, that no ma-
ner of persone or persones, after the saied last daie of
December, shall buj^e or amasse, into his or their handes,
any of the said Testos for a peculier gain to be had thereof,
to hym or theim wardes, vpon pein of forfeicture.
" Neuertheles, his hignes most gracious clemencie,
tenderyng his subiectes and others interestes, whiche by
lawful! meanes dooe possesse the saied Testons, as their
proper goodes, and for advoyding of thejosse, whiche
otherwise thei should sustein hereby; is pleased, and
doth ordein by the aduise aforesaid, that euery persone
or persons, so hauyng and possessyng the said testons,
beyng of his hignes iust standarde, shall and maie bryng
or send the same, to the Officers of any of his Maiesties
Mintes, where in exchaunge shalbe deliuered vnto him
or them the iust value and recompence thereof, as thei be
now currat, either in grotes or other his highnes coynes,
accordyngly."
HENRY KENSINGTON.
which I believe to be the first edition, bears no
date. It has the following title :
' A full and true Account of a horrid and barbarous
Revenge by Poison on the Body of Mr. Edmund Curll,
Bookseller, with a faithful Copy of his last Will and Tes-
tament. Published by an Eye Witness.
" So when Curll's Stomach the strong Drench o'ercamo
(Infused in Vengeance of Insulted Fame),
Th' Avenger sees with a delighted Eye,
His long Jaws open, and his Colour fly ;
And while his Guts the keen Emeticks urge,
Smiles on the Vomit, and enjoys the Purge.
Sold by J. Roberts, J. Morphew, R. Burleigh, J. Baker,
and S. Popping. Price Three-pence." [Fol.]
On comparing this with the " Account," as it
stands in Bowles's Pope, I find, among other vari-
ations, the following : —
After the words, " settling the title-page of" —
Wicqueforfs Ambassador.
After, " he takes no copy-money," the following
passage :
" The Book of the Conduct of the Earl of N m is yet
unpublished; as you are to have the profit of it, Mr. Pem-
berton, you are to run the risk of the Resentments of alt that
noble Family. Indeed, I caused the Author to assert several
things in it as facts which are only idle Stories of the
Town ; because I thought it would make the Book sell. Do
you pay the Author for the Copy-money, and the printer
and publisher. 1 heartily beg God's and my L — d N m's
pardon ; but all trades must live"
W. M. T.
Edmund Curll (2nd S. ii. 321.) — I have before
me another publication in which Curll was en-
gaged, t\\Q first year of his entering business :
" The Memoirs of the Marquis de Langallerie. London :
printed for R. Burrough and F. Baker, at the ' Sun and
Moon,' in Cornhill ; E. Curll, at the ' Peacock ' without
Temple Bar ; and E. Sanger, in Fleet Street. 1708."
In this instance he does not appear so closely
allied with E. Sanger, as in the case of the Lutrin,
published in the same year, as mentioned in " N.
& Q." (2nd S. ii. 302.) I presume that it is im-
possible to say which of the two books was pub-
lished first, HENRY T. RILEY.
CURLIANA.
The Poisoning. — This story was, I believe,
published in 1716 ; although the copy before me,
Edmund Curll ; R. Francklin ; Nicholas Am-
hurst (2nd S. ii. 321.) — It would appear that
Francklin, like most of his fellow men, became
alienated, in the course of a few years, from his
quondam master, Edmund Curll.
Although Nicholas Amhurst, the author of
Terra. Filius, was a favourite protege of Franck-
lin, he would hardly have allowed the coarse but
witty Oxonian to speak so disrespectfully of Curll,
as we find him doing, had he himself retained the
slightest good feeling towards Curll.
In vol. i. p. 142. of the Terrce Filius (edit.
1726), published by Francklin himself, Curll is
satirised as being the publisher of the effusions of
the "Oxford Poetical Club," — a body presided
384
NOTES AND QUEEIES.
[2nd g. N° 46., Nov. 15. '56.
over, according to Amhurst, by Thomas Warton,
the Professor of Poetry ; and upon the several
members of which he js very severe.
He concludes No. 26. with these words :
" I forgot to take notice, that Mr. Grovesnour, Secre-
tary of the Club, was ordered to return Mr. Curll a letter
of thanks, in the name of the members, for his* kind
present of an excellent book, intituled, « Voluptates Concft-
bitus, sive, Lusus nocturni Venerisj and desire him to
print the said letter."
I have preferred giving the title in Latin, in-
stead of the coarse English of the original. Had
this " Oxford Poetical Club " any real existence ?
And did Curll publish a book with this title, — in
English, I mean ? HENRY T. RILEY.
Books published ly Curll. — Your correspon-
dent S. N, M. would seem to have access to a
large number of the volumes issued by this no-
torious publisher. Allow me to suggest that he
would be doing a very useful work, if, from the
books in his possession, and the lists at the end of
them, he would make up a Bibliotheca Curliana.
Many of Curll's publications were doubtless very
worthless, many (though perhaps fewer than are
supposed) were of an immoral character, but many
are well calculated to throw light upon the literary
and political history of the time ; and a list of them
could not but prove useful to inquirers of many
classes. BOOKWORM.
£ s. d.
Loyn of mutton - - - - - 0 6
Shoulder of veal - - - - - 0 6
Breast and coast mutton - - - - 0 7
Six plovers, at 2d. . - - - - 1 0
14 brace partridges - -70
12 couple rabbits - -20
2 guinea pigs - - 1 8
8 fowles, at 3d. - - - - 2 0
12 mallards, at 3d. - - - - 3 0
3 dozen eggs, at 4c?. - r .*;.,* - -10
2 bushels flour, at 9d. - - ..... - - 1 6
16 loaves white bread - - - ' - 0 4
18 loaves wheat en do. - - "7"' - 0 9
3 ditto maslin do. - - 0 3
1 barrel strong beer - - 2 6
1 barrel small ditto - --10
1 quarter wood - - - - - 2 2
Nutmegs, mace, cinnamon, and greens - - 0 3
4 Ib. Barbary sugar - - 1 6
Fruits and almonds - - - - 0 7
12 doz. oranges at 3d. - - -30
Sweet water and perfumes - 0 4
2 gallons white wine - - 1 0
2 ditto claret - -10
1 gallon sack - - - - 3 0
1 ditto malmsey - - - 1 8
1 ditto bustard ditto - - 1 0
1 ditto muscadine - - 1 0
£2 13 11
" Maister Mayor, and may it please your worship, you
have feasted us this day like a King. God bless the
Queen's grace ! We have fed plentifully, and now whillom
I can speak plain English, I heartily thank you, Maister
MAYORS FEASTS.
Having lately met with the following bill of
fare among some old and curious books, and
knowing that it will be better preserved in " N.
& Q.," and thinking that some of your many cor-
respondents would be pleased to see it, — it being
a striking contrast (both in the amount of cost
and "the delicacies of the season") between the
mayors' feasts given in the reign of Queen Eliza-
beth and those given by the various mayors in
the reign of our present Queen Victoria, as well
as a specimen of the eloquence of one of the
wealthy citizens of Norwich in 1561, — I send it
for insertion in " N. & Q. : "
" A Copy of the original Bill of Fare of an extraor-
dinary feast given by William Mingay, Esq., on his being
elected a second time Mayor of Norwich, in the fourth
year of the reign of Queen Elizabeth, 1561, who upon
that occasion entertained the Duke of Norfolk, the Lords,
Bravo \ ' Your beer is pleasant, and potent, and will soon
catch us by the caput, and stop our manners. And so
huzza for the Queen's Majesty's Grace, and all her bonny
browed dames of honour ! Huzza for Maister Mayor, and
our good dame Mayoress ; huzza for his noble grace of
Norfolk, there he sits, God save him ; huzza for all this
jolly company, and all our friends round the county, who
have a penny in their purse, and an English heart in
their bellies, to keep out Spanish dons and Papists with
their faggots to burn our wiskers! Handle your jugs,
shove it about, trout your caps, and huzza for Maister
Mayor, their Worships," and all this jolly company."
The present Mayor of Southampton has been
elected four times to the civic chair. Has any
lord mayor of London, or any other of the pro-
vincial mayors, been elected more than three
times ? T. J.
Southampton.
Knights, and gentiy of
Mr. Johnny Martin, a
after grace was said.
8 stone of beef, 14 Ib. to
4 collars brawn, at 4.d.
4 geese, at 4t/.
8 pints, butter
A fore quarter veal
A hind quarter ditto
2 legs mutton, at 3d.
the County ; also, the speech of
wealthy citizen, at the dinner,
s. d.
the stone - 5 4
- 1 4
- 1 4
- 1 6
- 0 10
- 0 6
NOTE ON TRAFALGAR.
Lord Nelson's well-known valet, Tom Allen,
lived for some time close to me, he being then
retained in the service of Sir William Bolton. I
met Tom almost every day in my walks, and often
got into chat with him about his brave and noble
master, Lord Nelson. Among other things, I
spoke of his wearing his decorations at Trafalgar.
Now Tom, who had been with him in so many
other engagements, was by mere accident pre-
2nd S. N° 46., Nov. 15. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
385
vented from arriving in time on that last me-
morable occasion, having left London after his
lordship, and not arriving till the battle was over,
and his master's career of glory brought to a
brilliant close. But it may be amusing to re-
cord Tom's opinion and observations. He said,
" I never told anybody that if I had been there,
Lord Nelson would not have been killed ; but
this I have said, and say again, that if I had been
there, he should not have put on that coat. He
would mind me like a child ; and when I found
him bent upon wearing his finery before a battle, I
always prevented him." " Tom," he would say,
"I'll fight the battle in my best coat." " No, my
Lord, you shaun't." " Why not, Tom ? " " Why,
my Lord, you fight the battle first ; and then I'll
dress you up in all your stars and garters, and
you'll look something like." Thus poor old faith-
ful Tom Allen gave himself credit for having
saved his master's life by his rigid discipline in
attire on former occasions ; and it was evident
that he was of opinion that he should have saved
it once more at Trafalgar.
Tom's accounts of other memorable events of
Nelson's life were given with equal naivete. His
old age was rendered comfortable in Greenwich
Hospital, where he held the office of pewterer till
his death. F. C. H.
Rev. Joseph Mendham. — Joseph Mendham, of
Sutton Coldfield, Warwickshire : St. Edmund Hall,
Oxford, B.A. 1792; M.A. 1795; Deacon, 1793;
Priest, 1794. The following is a list of his
works : —
"An Exposition of the Lord's Prayer, with Notes Criti-
cal and Illustrative. 8vo. 1803.
" Clavis Apostolica, or Key to the Apostolic Writings.
1821."
« Literary Policy of the Church of Rome, exhibited in
an Account of her Damnatory Catalogues and Indexes,
both Prohibitory and Expurgatory, with Supplements.
" Watson, W. (Prisoner in Wisbech Castle), Important
Considerations, or a Vindication of Q. Elizabeth from the
charge of unjust Severity towards her Roman Catholic
Subjects, printed 1601, edited with a Preface and Notes.
1831."
" Life and Pontificate of Saint Pius V., 8vo. 1832-33."
" Memoirs of the Council of Trent, principally derived
from MSS. and Unpublished Records, 8vo., with Supple-
ments. 1834-46."
"Index Librorum Prohibitorum, & Sexto V. Papa,
confectus et publicatus; ad vero a Successoribus ejus in
Sede Romano suppressus, ed. J. Mendham. 1835."
" Taxe Sacre Penitentiarie Apostolice, with an account
of the Taxae Cancellarise Apostolicje, &c., of the Church
of Rome. 1836."
" Additions to : 1. The Taxae of the Church of Rome,
1836. II. The Venal Indulgences, 1839. III. The Index
of Prohibited Books, by Gregory XVI., 1840. 1848."
" Venal Indulgences and Pardons of the Church of
Koine exemplified. 1839."
" Acta Concilii Tridentini, anno 1562-3, usque in finem
Concilio Pii IV. P. M. et alia multa circa dictum Con-
cilium Fragmenta, a Card. Gab. Paleotto descripta, edente
J. Mendham. 1842."
" Cardinal Allen's Admonition to the Nobility and
People of England and Ireland, A.D. 1588, reprinted, with
a Preface, by Eupator, with Additions. 1842."
" On the Announced first Roman edition of the Greek
New Testament and Dr. Wiseman." (Anon.) 8vo. 1844.
" The Declaration of the Council of Trent concerning
the going into Churches at such time as Heretical Ser-
vice is said, or Heresy preached : edited, with a Preface,
by Eupator. 1850."
Tailless Cats. — I remember that, some twenty
years ago, there was a prolific family of tailless
cats, that, in a comparatively wild state, increased
and multiplied in the vaults under the chapel of
Clare Hall, Cambridge. This vault, or rather
part of the vault, was not devoted to sepulture,
but, to the best of my recollection, was the repo-
sitory of the college fuel.
How they had originally come there I never
could learn. They may possibly have been im-
ported by some student from the Isle of Man.
HENRY T. RILEY.
English Letter by Napoleon. — I have cut the
following from the Staffordshire Sentinel, deeming
it worthy of preservation in " N. & Q. : "
" In the collection of Count Las Casas, at Paris, there
is preserved a curious document — an attempt, the first,
perhaps the only one, of Napoleon Bonaparte to write in
English. The sense of this extraordinary epistle is not
quite clear, but the words, as well as they can be de-
ciphered, are as follow : — ' Count las Casas — since sixt
week I learn the English and I do not any progress, six
week do fourty and two day if might have learn fivty
word for day I could know it two thousands and two
hundred, it is in the dictionary more of fourty thousand
even he could must twenty bout much oftenn for know it
ov hundred and twenty week which do more two years,
after this you shall agree that to study one tongue is a
great labour, who it must do in the 37oung aged. Lor-
wood (Longwood) this morning the seven March thurds-
day, one thousand eight hundred sixteen after nativity
the year Jesus Christ.' "
THRELKELD.
Cambridge.
Solicitors. —
" In our age," says Hudson (a barrister of Gray's Inn
in the reign of Charles I.), " there are stepped up a new
sort of people called Solicitors, unknown to the records of
the law, who, like the grasshoppers in Egypt, devour the
whole land; and these I dare say were express rnain-
tainers, and could not justify their maintenance upon any
action brought. I mean not where a lord or gentleman
employed his servant to solicit his cause, for he may jus-
tify his doing thereof, but I mean those which are com-
mon solicitors of causes ; and set up a new profession, not
being allowed in any court, or at least nob»in this court,
where they follow causes ; and these are the retainers of
causes and devourers of men's estates by contention, and
prolonging suits to make them without end." — Treatise
on the Star Chamber,
B. W. HACKWOOP.
386
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
46., Nov. 15. '56.
Poetical Wills. — Amongst some scraps, I find
the following will of Mr. Joshua West of the Six
Clerks' Office, Chantry Lane, dated Dec. 13,
1804:
" Perhaps I die not worth a groat !
But should I die worth something more,.
Then I give that and my old coat,
And all my manuscripts in store,
To those who shall the goodness have
To cause my poor remains to rest
Within a decent shell and grave —
This is the will of JOSHUA WEST."
" J. A. Berry,
John Barnes."
R. W. HACKWOOD.
A Gentleman* Library in the Old Times. — Is
not the enclosed interesting as a fair specimen of
a gentleman's library about the end of the six-
teenth century ? It occurs on the fly-leaf of a
fine copy of Cicero, Ascension Press, 1511, first
capital illuminated, rubricated throughout :
" Nomina Libroru Quorundarn.
Eogeri Roos.
Item, a Salluste.
Item, a Cicero.
Item, a Virgill.
Item, a Booke of Alexandere.
NowelPs de Religione Christiana.
Item, a Greeke grammer.
Item, a Greeke Xeuophon.
Item, a Mantuan.
Item, a book of divinity betwixt Barnes and Standishe.
Item, a booke of Erasmus called Copia Verborum.
Item, a logike booke, Dialectica Johannis Caesavii.
Item, the Booke of Erasmus, entituled Erasmus ad Sa-
pidum.
Item, a Booke of Horace, as Maecenas Atavis sedita re-
gibus.
Item, an English booke called the History of Cleominus
and Juliet.
Finis per me Rogeru Roes."
J. C. J.
Hackney.
The Charter Oak of Connecticut (2nd S. ii. 226.)
— It may gratify your correspondent T. to be
informed, that the glorious old Charter Oak still
lives and flourishes in a cutting from the parent
stock. W. W.
Malta.
South Sea Schemes. —
" Of the more than two hundred projects, four only
have survived ; and these still exist in full vigour, be-
cause founded on good sense and honest principles : the
Royal Exchange Assurance Company, the London As-
surance Company, the York Buildings Company, and the
English Copper Company." — Quarterly Review.
ABHBA.
Satlle Pictures. — This was the name given by
Samuel Johnson to the needlework designs of
Mrs. Knowles. I have often been amused with
the manner in which the adjective is, almost in-
variably, quoted as futile. But, on accidentally
looking at the letters published by Mrs. Piozzi
(1788, vol. i. p. 326.), I find that she herself, or
her printer, is to blame for the mistake. M.
BIBLICAL EPITOMES.
I possess a Latin Vulgate of the sixteenth
century, on the lower margin of which there is,
neatly written, in Latin elegiacs, a continuous
abstract of the contents of every chapter of the
Pentateuch, of the historical Books of the Old
Testament, of Isaiah, and of Jeremiah down to
the 26th chapter, where it ends abruptly. There
are altogether about 2000 lines, four being gene-
rally applied to the explanation of each chapter.
I transcribe the lines written under the 1st chapter
of Genesis :
" Condidit e nihilo Dominus mare, siclera, terram :
Et certis fecit legibus ire vices.
Hinc hominem formans, illi benedicit : et hujus
Imperium pariter cuncta timere jubet."
Perhaps some correspondent of " N". & Q." may
be able from this specimen to tell me, whether
the whole manuscript is a copy of some popular
printed aid to the memory of the biblical student,
like the memorial hexameters (prefixed to early
editions of the Vulgate), giving a single catch-
word only for every ^chapter of the whole Bible,
e.g. Gen. i. :
12 3 45 67.
" Sex, prohibet, peccat, Abel, Enoch, et Archa fit, intrat :"
or like the Recapitulatio utriusque Testamenti of
Petrus de Riga, in the twelfth century, from the
first chapter of which he excludes the letter A,
from the second B, and so on through the whole
alphabet. In English, we have Henoch Clapham's
Brief of the Bible's Historic, William Ainsworth's
(of Chester) Medulla Bibliorum, and, it may be,
many others. Indeed, an interesting Note might
be written upon these metrical assistances to the
study of the Scriptures. PHILOBIBLUS.
SISTER Or THOMAS A BECKET.
Is it known that Thomas a Becket had a sister
who, after his murder, was pensioned by the
crown ? * On searching the early Pipe Rolls for
Kent, the following entries (in the Corpus Comi-
tatus) of payments by the sheriff attracted my
notice, as containing new and interesting inform-
ation.
20 H. 2. 1174. " Et Roheisie sorori S' Thome, xxxiij'."
21 H. 2. 1175. "Et Roheisie sorori S' Thome, vju xiij»
iiijd."
22 H. 2. 1176. "Et Roheisie sorori S' Thome, xiu de ele-
* For particulars of his sister Mary, see " N. & Q." 1st
S. x. 486.
2nd s. N° 46., Nov. 15. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
387
inosina Regis in molendino de Can-
tuaria."
These entries regularly appear in each suc-
cessive year down to 30 H. 2., after which her son
seems to have been admitted to a share in the
pension. The next entry .being —
31 H. 2. " Et Roheisie et Johanni filio suo, nepoti S.
Tome, xi11 de elemosina Regis in molendino
Cantuarie."
Soon after which Roheisia seems to have died ; for
in 34 H. 2. the entry is, —
" Et Johanni filio Roheisie Sororis Sancti Tome, xi11 de
elemosina Regis in molendino Cantuarie."
My search did not extend beyond this year;
but when I next have the Pipe Rolls before me,
I will follow up the history of this pension, and
transmit to you the result. L. B. L.
Eager de Wahenfelde. — In note C 2. to Scott's
Lord of the Isles I find the following :
" Many clerks and esquires were also there slain and
taken. Roger d'Northbrage, Keeper of the King's Signet,
was made pi-isoner with his two clerks — Roger de Waken-
felde and Thomas de Swinton — upon which the king
caused a seal to be made, and entitled it his privy seal, to
distinguish the same from the signet so lost."
I have searched high and low to ascertain some
particulars respecting Roger de Wakenfelde, but
have failed ; and therefore at last beg to apologise
for troubling you, the receptacle of all manner of
information. I am anxious to know where I can
obtain information respecting him, and if possible
the arms he bore (I refer to heraldic arms). E. C.
Hogarth's " Country Inn Yard" — In this pic-
ture there are represented, sitting on the outside
of the Ilford stage, an English sailor and a French
lacquey. Now as the top of the coach is rounded,
or elliptical, like a segment of an egg in shape,
and without any rails at the edges, I am curious
to know how persons could possibly retain their
seats in such a position, and by what contrivance
they managed to "hold on." I presume that this
is a fair specimen of the stage coaches at that
period. HENRY T. RILEY.
Doily. — In The Spectator, No. 283., it is men-
tioned that " the famous Doily is still fresh in
every one's memory, who raised a fortune by
finding out materials for such stuffs as might at
once be cheap and genteel." Is it from this man
that the small cloths laid at dessert are called
doilies f And what were the cheap materials
which he discovered ? F. C. H.
Chinese Inscriptions found in Egypt. — Sir G.
Wilkinson mentions articles of earthenware, with
Chinese inscriptions on them, being found in the
tombs of ancient Egypt. There is a very small
phial of this kind in Mr. Mayer's Museum at
Liverpool. Can any of your correspondents give
more detailed particulars as to these alleged dis-
coveries ? I have seem,it asserted lately that they
are forgeries : the subject is worth inquiring into.
HENRY T. RILEY.
Public-House Signs : " The Naked Man" — In
Skipton-in-Craven there is a public-house hav-
ing as its sign " The Naked Man." The sign ori-
ginally, I feel sure, did not mean a nude human
figure. There is in the wall a representation of a
figure about eighteen inches high, bearing on it
the date 1663, and the letters "I. S." What the
figure is I cannot tell, but I enclose you a rude
sketch. Can you tell me the meaning of it, or if
there are other similar signs in the country ?
PRESTONIENSIS.
Naked Boy Court. — In 1700 there was a court
in Ludgate thus oddly named. What was the
origin of the title ? THRELKELD.
Cambridge.
Rose Leaves. — Can any reader of " N. & Q."
inform me by what process rose-leaves can be
converted into black beads ? from which I have
seen some elegant bracelets and other ornaments
manufactured. P. R. H.
Portraits Wanted. — Are there any portraits
existing, painted or engraved, of the following
worthies: John Hulse, founder of the Hulsean
Lectures ; Richard Heber, the bibliographer ;
Dr. Thomas Dod, Dean of Ripon ; William Steele,
Lord Chancellor of Ireland ? T. HUGHES.
Chester.
" Harbinius de Cataractis, Amstelod., 1678"
(2nd S. ii. 116.)- — In a copy of this book, in my
possession, is the following MS. note : " A plate
in page 257. suggested the idea to the Duke of
Bridgewater on the subject of the locks on canals."
The plate in question gives an excellent repre-
sentation of the lock-gates on the river Brenta,
between Padua and Venice. Can this assertion
be substantiated ? HENRY T. RILEY.
Marriage, its first Solemnisation in the Church. —
" It is recorded that Pope Innocent III. was the first
to decree that marriage should be a church ceremony.
Before the reign of this Pontiff, it was only necessary for
the bridegroom to go in the presence of witnesses to the
bride's house, and lead her to his own home."
Can this be verified ? W. W.
Malta.
Saucer. — Is not our word saucer derived from
the Latin salsarius, a salt-cellar ? In the time of
Edward III. one English name for a salt-cellar
was sausir : and I am not sure that a sauce-
388
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd S. N« 46., Nov. 15. '56.
tureen (for holding salt-seasoning
by the same name.
3) was not called
[ENRY T. RILET.
Draught. — In LinQolnshire they lead their coals,
bricks, &c., or pay for the leading. In Leicester-
shire they draw them. In some of the southern
counties they carry them, and in others they cart
them. Are other terms used, and in what lo-
calities ? ANON.
Early Rising or Night Watching. — The indig-
nation of early risers has lately been aroused by
some remarks in Wilson's Essays, written doubt-
less in bad taste. Without intending to give the
slightest encouragement to indolence, idleness, or
dissipation, I venture to assert, that, provided the
same proportion of rest be taken, the hours are
immaterial. Early risers expatiate on the deli-
cious freshness of the morning air : but may we
not set against this the loveliness of departing day,
and the charms of moonlight ? Granting, how-
ever, the advantages of fine summer mornings, it
may be asked, in this climate where are they ?
Then, if rain and chilling winds prevent you
from —
" Brushing with early strides the dew away,"
how annoying are the impurities of the domestic
atmosphere ! The smoke of newly lighted fires !
Dust from rubbing and scrubbing! Damp from
washing and splashing ! What disturbing forces
too are in operation! — sweeping, shaking, brushing,
and banging among inverted furniture, and minor
moveables displaced and persecuted !
As to the alleged injurious effects of artificial
light, early risers, be it remembered, must have re-
course to it during a considerable portion of the
year. At any rate, the reflection that peculiarities
of constitution lead to different habits ought to
restrain all asperity in the discussion.
Now for my Query : — Although Sir Walter
wrote his romances before breakfast, and the hero
of a modern novel rose early, as is boasted, cannot
numbers of eminent authors be mentioned who
produced their works by the light of the midnight
oil without smelling of it ? C. T.
Fain Play. — When boys are playing, they use
these words, as indicative of a truce or temporary
cessation. It is worth inquiring what is the origin
of this wordyhfw. Has it anything to do with the
French word faineanter, "to do nothing?" Or
ought it more properly to be written feign f
HENRY T. RILEY.
Spanish Proverbs. — Could any of your corre-
spondents inform me where to obtain a good work
on Spanish proverbs, somewhat similar to the one
in German by J. Eiselein ? When in Madrid, a
few months ago, I made every inquiry after a
work of the kind, but could only hear of a small
collection of about 200 pages, published by " D.
Ignacio Boix^Calle de Carretas, No. 8." This I
bought; but it is so inadequate to my purpose,
that I should feel greatly obliged for the inform-
ation if a^better one exists ; which surely must be
the case in a language so rich in proverbs as is
the Spanish. JAMES MIDDLEMORE.
Griffin's Hill, Northfield.
Elephants exasperated "by the Blood of Mul~
berries. — Dr. Henry More (Fellow of Christ's
College, Cambridge,) in a work written by him
(under the pseudonyme of Philophilus Parrase-
astes), entitled Enthmiasmus Triumphatus (1656,
12mo.), says, in the preface to the reader :
" These, I spread before him " (his opponent Mastix,
who was Vaughan, the author of Anthrosophia Theoma-
gica,~) " like the bloud of Mulberries before Elephants in
battel to provoke his Irascible."
Is there any foundation for the statement that
elephants were thus exasperated? and where is
contained any account of it ? BELPHOS.
Queries on Shelley. —
1 . What is the classical allusion in the following
lines ?
" And mothers gazing, drank the love men see
Reflected in their race, behold, and perish."
Prom. Unbound.
2. " And now from their fountains
In Euna's mountains," &c.
Arethusa.
What were the streams that rose in these moun-
tains which the Greeks identified with the Are-
thusa and the Alpheus ? And how could any
such streams " sleep beneath the Ortygian shore,"
unless they are supposed to take a second sub-
marine journey ? C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY.
Birmingham.
Leaning Towers and crooked Church Spires. —
Have we any leaning towers in England, at all in
the style of that wonder of the world at Pisa ? or
like the Garrisenda at Bologna, which is eight, or,
according to some, nine feet out of the perpen-
dicular ? We have had some very remarkable
examples of crooked spires, particularly that of
the church of St. Nicholas at Great Yarmouth,
which served as a landmark from sea ; and it was
observable of this steeple, that, from whatever way
it was viewed, it appeared awry. Some (query,
needless) apprehension of insecurity prompted its
being taken down and rebuilt, and thus a great
object of curiosity was annihilated, about the be-
ginning of the present century.* Query, how
was this obliquity occasioned, and how long had
it existed ? There also is, or was, a similar in-
stance of a crooked steeple at Chesterfield, Derby -
* There is an excellent view of Great Yarmouth, with
the spire in its primary (or crooked) state, in Buck's
Perspective Views, London, 1774, vol. iii. plate 82,
s. N° 46., Nov. 15. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
389
shire ; and there may be others, which some of
your readers may be so obliging as to point out.
A.
Richmond.
Minn* <&utne£ 6rit&
"Paul a Knave" —
" The under-miller is in the language of Thirlage called
the knave, which indeed signified originally his lad
(knabe, German), hut by degrees came to be taken in a
worse sense. In the old translations of the Bible Paul is
made to term himself the knave of our Saviour. The al-
lowance of meal taken by the miller's servant was called
knave-ship." — Note from The Monastery, p. 178.
Can any of your numerous correspondents tell
me the date of the translations where this word
" knave " is found ? CLERICUS RUSTICUS.
[It is surprising that this palpable hoax should have
received credence from the time when Dr. Fuller wrote
his Church History (see under A.D. 1384) to that when Sir
Walter Scott published The Monastery, especially after
the exposure of this knavish fraud by the learned Hum-
phrey Wanley in 1699. The volume containing the hoax
proved to be Tyndale's Bible, published under the name
of Thomas Matthew, MDXXXVII., the forger having erased
the xvn. It was purchased by Lord Oxford, and stands
No. 154. in the Harleian Catalogue of Printed Books, vol. i.
p. 9., 8vo. 1743, where it is thus described : " The Bible
with marginal notes, black letter, with cuts, 1520. This is
the Bible, in which, by an artful counterfeit, described by
Mr. Wanley, St. Paul is called an hneawe, &c. : the rasure
of the true words the servaunt, and the insertion of the false
reading, though discoverable by an exact observer, are
so well executed, that the Bible was sold to the Duke of
Lauderdale for seventeen guineas, by one Thornton, who
indeed first effaced Matthew's Preface, all the dates ex-
cept one, of which he erased xvii., and added a note that
this Bible, which was the edition of 1537, was printed
in 1520, a date earlier than that of any English Bible.
Tt does not appear that this reading was ever really
printed." Hearne also informs us, that Mr. Dodwell told
him, that on a wager being laid concerning this matter,
inquiries were made both in England and Ireland after a
Bible which had " Paul a knave," &c., and that the re-
sult of all was, that the word knave was not to be met
with in any printed Bible. See Wanley's own account of
this forgery in Lewis's History of English Translations,
p. 47. ; and Wanley's Letter to Dr. Charlet in Aubrey's
Letters by Eminent Persons, vol. i. p. 95. This knavish
volume was in private hands for some years after the sale
of the printed books of the Harleian Library, and was
eventually added to the Royal Library. Upon the gift
of this magnificent collection to the nation by George IV.,
it was rejected as imperfect. It now forms one of the
literary curiosities in the great collection of early English
Bibles in the library of George Offor, Esq., of Hackney,
where it is in excellent preservation, and completed from
another copy. We may add, that in Wicliffe's translation
of the New "Testament, published by John Lewis in 1731,
the word knave is used in Rev. xii. 5., " And sche bare a
knaue child," meaning a male child.]
Philip Nichols of Trinity Hall — This person,
a Fellow of Trinity Hall, Cambridge, was expelled
for stealing books from St. John's College library,
August 4, 1731. What eventually became of him,
and ^ where did he die ? He is mentioned in
vol. i. of the Gentleman's Magazine.
HENRY T. RILEY.
[Philip Nichols (sometimes spelt Nicols), Clerk, Doctor
of Laws, Fellow of Trinity College, was unanimously ex-
pelled on August 4, 1731, and a copy of the sentence in
Latin affixed to the college-gate, signifying that he had
been guilty of dissolute living, and of stealing many
valuable books of the library of St. John's College and
elsewhere, to the great scandal and dishonour of that
university. {Gent. Mag., i. 351.) He was afterwards
one of the writers in the Biographia Britannica, and the
articles in the first edition signed P. are attributed to
him. (« N. & Q." 2nd S. i. 455.) In one of the articles
(that of Dr. Joseph Smith) was a letter from Sir Thomas
Hanmer, reflecting on Bishop Warburton, in regard to
Shakspeare, which the Bishop prevailed on the proprie-
tors to cancel. On Warburton's refusing to give this
literary Cerberus a sop, Nichols subsequently republished
The Castrated Letter of Sir Thomas Hanmer in the Sixth
Volume of the Biographia Britannica, with an Impartial
Account of the extraordinary Means used to suppress this
remarkable Letter, fol., 1763. Bishop Warburton does
not fail in noticing it to refer to Nichols's expulsion from
the university. Nichols also wrote the Life of Bishop
Hoadly for the Biog. Britan., which gave such offence to
the family, that the Bishop's son, Dr. John Hoadly, sup-
plied another article for the Supplement of that work.
On the publication of the latter article, Lord Chancellor
Yorke thus writes to Dr. Hoadly : " Your description of
Nichols entertained me. Helluo librorum, I suppose, from
the strength, depth, and leger-de-main of his cassock.
One of that name, a few years ago, was a famous book-
stealer in libraries, convicted at the Old Bailey, and
perhaps now returned from transportation. Nothing is so
natural as that a felon book-stealer should turn hireling
panegyrist, «r felon libeller, in his regenerate state. It is
a metempsychosis devoutly to be expected." — Gent. Mag.
xlvi. 166.]
C. U.9 Organ Performer to the Prince Begent. —
Having in my possession a quantity of manuscript
music, by a person who styles himself " C. TJ.,
Organ Performer to His Royal Highness the
Prince Regent, An. Dom. 1818," I should feel
particularly obliged if you could inform me who
" C. U." was. BENJAMIN DAVIS.
[Having referred this inquiry to DR. RIMBAUI/T, he
has kindly furnished us with the following Note : —
" I have several MS. pieces for the organ by CHARLES
UPTON, an organist and composer of the beginning of
the present century. They do not possess any particular
originality, or show any great scientific skill, but may be
called « respectable.' Probably the « C. U., Organ Per-
former to the Prince Regent,' was this Charles Upton.
Mr. Upton's name does not occur among the ' Musicians
in Ordinary' to the Prince; nor do I find an 'Organ
Performer ' in any of the Royal Household lists of the
period. His title was most probably an assumption, from
his having played upon some occasion before his Royal
Highness. EDWAED F. RIMBAULT."J
Precentor of the Province of Canterbury. — What
are the duties attached to the office of the Bishop
of Salisbury under one of the titles which he bears,
viz. "Provincial Precentor of Canterbury" ? It
was gravely stated at a clerical meeting the other
390
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
[2nd s. N° 46., Nov. 15. '56.
day, that the name implied that the " Bishop of
Sarura was anciently responsible for instructing
the Archbishop of Canterbury to sing, and hence
he was called ' Provincial Precentor of Canter-
bury.' " I am unwilling to expose the absurdity
of such a supposition, but I shall be glad to know
whether any of your ecclesiological readers can
explain the origin and duties of the office, or
refer me to an authority which shall satisfy my
curiosity. Has it not some reference to Convo-
cation ? CLERICUS RUSTICUS.
[This office, attached to the See of Sarum, or Salis-
bury, is one belonging to the province of Canterbury, and
not to the archbishop individually. The dean of the pro-
vince is the Bishop of London ; the sub-dean, the Bishop
of Winchester; the chancellor, the Bishop of Lincoln;
the precentor, the Bishop of Sarum, or Salisbury ; and
the chaplain, the Bishop of Rochester. The Sarum Office
Books, such as the Breviaries, the Antiphonaria, the
Gradualia, Hymnarii, &c. are of the highest authority,
because flowing from the source to which had been con-
fided the purity of the songs of the Church.]
Bamboozle. — Would you, through the medium
of your delightful periodical, kindly assist me to
the origin or derivation of the not very elegant
word bamboozle ? It sounds very much as if it
belonged to the bamboo family, but the parti-
culars of the connection I am at a loss to discover.
PHILOLOGUS.
[In Todd's Johnson it is stated to be a cant word, from
bam, a cheat ; of which Richardson, in his Supplement,
gives the following example :
" Prig. This is some conspiracy, I suppose, to bam, to
chowse me out of my money." — Foote, The Cozeners, Act
III. Sc. 1.
Bouchier, in his Glossary, says, " This term bamboozle
has, with great propriety, long had a place in the Gipsy
or Canting Dictionaries, it being, in my opinion, the sole
invention of gipsies, or vagrants." It seems to have first
come into vogue during the early part of the last cen-
tury ; for in The Tatler, No. 230.", we read, " The third
refinement observable in the letter I send you consists in
the choice of certain words invented by some pretty
fellows, such as banter, bamboozle, country put, and kid-
ney, some of which are now struggling for the vogue, and
others are in possession of it."]
"The World Unmasked; or, the Philosopher the
Greatest Cheat" 1736.— Who is the author?
ANON.
[By some attributed to Bernard Mandeville.]
LOED HALIFAX AND MRS. BARTON.
(2nd S. i. 265.)
If PROFESSOR DE MORGAN will consult another
of Mrs. Manley's disgraceful works, he will find an
allusion to these parties. It is entitled " Memoirs
of Europe towards the close of the Eighth Century.
Written by Eginardus, secretary and favourite to
Charlemagne, and done into English by the Trans-
lator of the New Atalantis" My copy is " The
second edition, corrected, 1711." A Key is ap-
pended, entitled " A Key to the Third Volume of
the Atalantis, called Memoirs of Europe." The
pages given in the ,key frequently do not corre-
spond with the pages intended to be designated.
Lord H— 1— x is " Julious (sic} Sergius ; " " Bar-
tica" is "Sir Is. Newton's (sic) Niece." At
p. 252. a pretended history of Lord Halifax is
given ; then follows an account of his palace, de-
voted to luxury and debauchery. At p. 268. the
name of Bartica is introduced, described by her
lover as " a Traitress, an inconsistent proud Bag-
gage," upon whom he had lavished " myriads,"
" besides getting her worthy ancient Parent a good
post for connivance." Then she is described as
exacting marriage as the only terms of continued
intimacy with her lover. He professes that " if he
pined himself to death, he was resolved not to
marry her — while she was so saucy."
The testimony of Mrs. Manley is of course
wholly valueless, except as an indication that
scandal was current. How utterly ignorant Mrs.
Manley was of the circle whom she calumniated
appears from her describing Sir Isaac Newton as
the " worthy parent " of Bartica. If PROFESSOR
DE MORGAN wishes to see the volume, my copy is
at his service. R. BROOK ASPLAND.
Dukinfield.
I regret to disturb the conclusion to which PRO-
FESSOR DE MORGAN has arrived respecting this
work. His informant was right, for it does con-
tain " the current scandal relative to Lord Hali-
fax and Newton's niece," as he will find by con-
sulting the third volume of the edition of 1720.
That edition is provided with a key to the entire
work ; but, from the fact of its being appended to
the first volume, though separately headed, it
probably escaped the PROFESSOR'S notice. In it
I find, under reference to page " 263. Bartica, Sir
Isaac Newton s Niece," and on turning to the page
in question, the following passage :
" ' I think, my Lord Julius Sergius,' continued I, ad-
dressing more closely to his Lordship, ' 'tis hard, that of
all this heavenly Prospect of Happiness, your Lordship is
the only solitary Lover : What is become of the charming
Bartica ? Can she live a Day, an Hour, without you ?
Sure she's indisposed, dying or dead.' 'You call the Tears
into my Eyes, dear Count,' answered the Heroe sobbing,
' she's a Traitress, an inconstant proud Baggage, yet I
Love her dearly, and have lavished Myriads upon' her,
besides getting her worthy ancient Parent a good Post for
Connivance. But, would you think it? She has other
Things in her Head, and is grown so fantastick and high,
she wants me to marry her, or else I shall have no more
of her, truly: 'Twas ever a proud Slut; when she pre-
tended most Kindness, when she was all over Coquet, and
coveted to engage me more and more ; when our Intimacy
was at the height, she us'd to make my Servants wait
2«d S. N° 46., Nov. 15. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
391
three Hours for an Answer to How-d'-ye, or a Letter,
which I sent every successive Morn.' "
Julius Sergius, I ought to have previously
noted, is the name given in the Key to " Lord
H x."
Should PROFESSOR Du MORGAN wish to con-
sult the volumes, I shall be happy to leave them
at your office for his use. T. C. S.
PASSAGES IN GOWER.
(2nd S. ii. 327.)
I beg to offer the following explanation of some
of the expressions in Gower of which an ex-
planation is asked.
1 . " And I can ever lenger the lasse"^ May not
this be " linger the less" and the meaning be, " I.
have but little time to spare " ?
4. " And though I stonde there a mile" Ap-
parently the idea of time is transferred to that of
space, perhaps in obedience to the exigencies of
the rhyme. " A mile" may be put for " as long
as it would take to walk a mile ; " or it may be
quite a general expression for " a long time."
5. " N"e so well taught at marines eye ; " »*. e. as
was generally evident, as appeared to the eyes of
men. Elsewhere Gower uses the expression " at
eye," or " at the eye." Thus :
" The thing so open is at eye."
But he is also fond of employing the possessive
"mannes" or " worldes," in order to make an
expression assume its most general form. Thus :
" That out of mannes nation
Fro kinde they be so miswent." — I. 55.
Speaking of the daughters of Phorceus, who were
like serpents. And, —
" Thus we be come for to preie
That ye my worldes deth respite."— I. 116.
7. " Doaire " apparently is that with which one
is dowered or gifted; and, in the connexion in
which it occurs, a province. We find it in
Chaucer :
" But ther as ye me profre swiche dowaire,
As I first brought," &c. — C. T. 8724.
8. " Whan he were of dawe ; " i. e. when he was
dead, literally " out of day, or life." The A.-S.
dag is used of the time of a man's life.
9. " The thing is torned into was ; " i. e. it is
become a matter of the past : you can only speak
of it in the past tense, and say " it was."
10. " That she about her white swere. It did,"
&c. ; i. e. that she put it about her white throat.
The A.-S. swer, sweor, &c., means a pillar or co-
lumn. Hence it would be applied figuratively to
the neck, as the pillar or column which supports
the head. J. J. STEWART PEROWNE.
King's College.
Marrement (2nd S. ii. 327.) — I can help F. R.
DALDY with but one word from Gower, marre-
ment, at present. This is old French. " MARRE-
MENT, marissement, marriment : douleur, deplaisir,
affliction, tristesse, chagrin, plainte ; mceror" —
Rocquefort, A. B.
HOPS.
(2nd S. ii. 243. 276. 314. 335.)
As the rhymester has not told us in what year
the " reformation " to which he alludes took place,
and as your correspondent MR. YEOWELL has not
made it a bit more clear, it must be confessed that
the question of the introduction of the cultivation
of hops into England is still left a doubtful one.
The fact of their importation from Flanders
is of very little assistance in settling the date,
since that continues in our own day. Until any
article of food or commerce becomes a kind of
necessity, it will be so little regarded that few will
be able to determine the precise date of its intro-
duction. It is so with " the wicked weed " that
bitters our ale. Hops are probably indigenous to
England, but they seem not to have been much
cultivated until the adulterations practised by the
Flemish growers made the hop merchant's venture,
always a precarious, and often a losing one.
Harrison, writing in the reign of Elizabeth, says :
" Of late years we have found and taken up a great
trade in planting of hops, whereof our moory hitherto and
unprofitable grounds do yield such plenty and increase
that there are few farmers or occupiers in the country
which have not gardens and hops growing of their own,
and those far better than do come from Flanders unto us.
Certes the corruptions used by the Flemings, and forgery
daily practised in this kind of ware, gave us occasion to
plant them here at home, so that now we may spare and
send many over unto them." — Holinshed's Chronicles,
vol. i. p. 185-6., edit. 1807.
What the relative superiority of English hops
was over Flemish adulterated ones, we gather
from an entry in the household book of the L'Es-
tranges ^Archceologia^ vol. xxv.), where, under
1530, we read, —
" Item, pd the iiij day of Octobre to Robert Baynard by
the hands of John Tiff for one hundred hoppys, 18s.
" Item, pd xxviij day of January to Frances the Fle-
myng for 333lbs hoppes at xij the hundred ... 39s 4d."
In other words, English hops were worth half as
much again as those from Flanders.
In the same household book we meet with the
following entry :
"To my lady Spellman's servant for thynnyng the
hop yard."
E. G. R. will note that these were Norfolk hops.
From a letter in Burgon's Life of Sir Thomas
Gresham (vol. ii. p. 169.), it would seem that in
392
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2.- s. N° 46., NOV. 15. '56.
1566 the cultivation of hops was not of great ex-
tent in Flanders :
" Allst (where most of the hopps groweth) viij miles
from Antwerp."
These hops appear to have been chiefly intended
for home consumption, and for the English
market ; even the fame of them seems to have
been quite unknown to the Venetians, notwith-
standing their extensive foreign commerce. Sig.
Giovanni Michele, writing from this country in
1557, enumerates " among the articles of com-
merce . . . things called hops (the flowers of a
certain tree or plant), necessary as ingredients for
making beer." In Spain, if hops were not culti-
vated, their value appears to have been at least
well-known. Sir Richard Wingfield, in his last
illness at Toledo (1525), —
" Did eat melons and drank wine without water unto
them, and afterwards drank beer, which is made here by
force bitter of the hop, for to be preserved the better
against the intolerable heat of this country." — Ellis's
Original Letters, 3rd Series, vol. ii. p. 21.
In the preface to his volume on Manners and
Household Expences, Mr. Botfield quotes an En-
glish MS. of the beginning of the fifteenth cen-
tury (Sloane, No. 4. p. 166.), in which beer is
directed to be well hopped. W. DENTON.
E. G. R. ask?, whence humulus and lupulus ? Lin-
nseus ingeniously derives the former from "humus,
moist earth, such as the plant in question pfefers."
From a comparison of the Sw. and Dan. humle
with humbletoft and ~hum~bleyard (in Svv. liumle-
gord}, cited, one would imagine that humle, 8fc.,
were derived from humilis, humble (also small,
weak, base, ignoble) ; but humle, Low Lat., humulus,
humulo, and humlo, are from Gall, houblon, from
lupulum (by dropping the Z), lupulus, dim. of
lupus, a wolf, also hops ; and in the latter sense
allied, perhaps, to AojSbs. Dufresne gives also,
" Humularium ager humulo seu lupulo consitus,
nostris Houblionniere, alias umeau et umelaye" Lu-
pulus is found in Latin dictionaries. See Dufresne
(Gloss. Med. et Inf. Lat, vol. iii.) ; Linn. Gen.,
522. ; Schreb., 689. ; Willd. Sp. PL, vol. iv. 769. ;
Mart. Mill Diet, vol. ii. ; Sm. Fl. Brit. 1077. ;
Juss. 404. ; Lamarck. Illustr., vol. i. 815.
R. S. CHARNOCK.
Gray's Inn.
It is curious to observe the changes which take
place in the tastes of Englishmen for the good
things of this life.
Our ancestors were very fond of sweet things.
Hentzner, describing Queen Elizabeth, says :
" Her lips were narrow, and her teeth black, a defect
the English are subject to, from their too great use of
sugar."
Laleham, a gay courtier of that day, says :
"In the morning I rise ordinarily at 7 o'clock ; then ready,
I get me commonly into my Lord's Chamber, or into my
Lord President's ; there, at the cupboard, after eating the
manchet, served over night for levey, I drink me a good
bowl of ale. When in a sweet pot it is defecated by all
night's standing, the drink is better, take that from me."
Honey, and liquors made from it, such as mead,
were great favourites. It is not likely, therefore,
that hops should be popular ; and when they were
used, it was more from necessity than choice, and
only in the case of ale which was intended to be
kept for some time. It appears that beer, of
which there was probably a quick draught, con-
tained no hops at all.
A great change has taken place, and a taste for
bitter things is now prevailing; which is shown
in the frequent omission of sugar as an ingredient
in tea ; and still more fn the love of bitter beer, —
a dose of which would have been rejected by our
ancestors with dismay.
It is singular that the word " brewing," which,
notwithstanding the philippic of one of the Hon.
Members for Surrey against porter, is connected
in the minds of Englishmen with most agreeable
associations, when applied figuratively is always
used in a bad sense. We talk of " a storm brew-
ing ;" " there is some mischief brewing ;" but we
never hear of " any good brewing." R. W. B.
It may assist your correspondents in coming to
a right conclusion on the relative value of the
testimony of the old rhyming tradition and Ful-
ler's statement of a petition of the Commons
against hops in the time of Henry VI., if I repeat
Atnat I have before stated, that in a search a few
years since amongst the records of Great Yar-
mouth, I found and noted under the 32nd year of
H-enry VI. that one sack of " hoppes " paid a iron-
age of 3d. to the Water Bailiff' in that year, and
there are probably earlier entries of a similar
kind which escaped my notice. During the reign
of Henry VI. it will be seen by a reference to
the Rolls of Parliament, or to Cotton's Records,
that much discussion was going on in Parliament
about beer, and a petition on the subject of hops
by no means so unlikely as your correspondent
MR. YEOWELL would infer. HENRY HARROD.
Norwich.
LONG LANKYN BALLAD.
(2nd S. ii. 324.)
In the Drawing-Room Scrap-Book for 1835,
edited by L. E. L. (the late lamented Miss Lan-
don, afterwards Mrs. Maclean), at p. 11. there
are thirteen stanzas, and some fragments of the
curious ballad of " Long Lonkin," appended to
her poetical illustration of a view of Honister crag
and glen in Cumberland, traditionally the scene
2nd g. N° 46., Nov. 15. '56.]
NOTES AND QUEEIES.
393
of a border-skirmish between the Elliotts and
Gratnes. They will add materially to, and may
serve to fill up some gaps in the larger portion of
the ballad furnished by M. H. R. The stanzas
are printed in four short lines, but are here tran-
scribed in two long ones, for economy of space :
" The lord said to his ladie, as he mounted his horse,
' Beware of Long Lonkin, that lies in the moss.'
The lord said to his ladie, as he rode away,
' Beware of Long Lonkin, that lies in the clay.'
' What care I for Lonkin, or any of his gang ?
My doors are all shut, and my windows penn'd in.'
There were six little windows, and they were all shut,
But one little window, and that was forgot.
And at that little window Long Lonkin crept in.
'Where's the lord of the hall? ' says the Lonkin :
' He's gone up to London,' says Orange to him.
' Where are the men of the hall ? ' says the Lonkin :
* They are at the field ploughing,' says Orange to him.
* Where are the maids of the hall ? ' says the Lonkin :
' They are at the Avell washing,' says Orange to him.
* Where are the ladies of the hall ? ' says the Lonkin :
* They are up in their chambers,' says Orange to him.
* How shall we get them down ? ' says the Lonkin :
* Prick the babe in the cradle,' says Orange to him.
' Rock well my cradle, and be-ba my son ;
You shall have a new gown, when the lord he comes
home.'
Still she did prick it, and be-ba she cried,
'Come down, dearest mistress, and still your own
child.'
' Oh ! still my child, Orange, still him with a bell.'
'I can't still him, ladie, till you come down yoursell.'
' Hold the gold bason, for your heart's blood to run in.
' To hold the gold bason, it grieves me full sore ;
Oh ! kill me, dear Lonkin, and let my mother go.' "
Miss Landon adds, that the ballad was commu-
nicated to her by a friend, and had never been
published. V. F. S.
I beg to refer your correspondent M. H. R. to
the under-mentioned editions of the popular old
ballad " Lankyn," or " Linkin," otherwise " Lam-
kin, Lammerlinkin, Belinkin," &c., names derived,
it would seem, from the epithet linkie, applied in
the South of Scotland to a sly, deceitful person
(links, Danish, sinister; also sly, dexterous, crafty:
Wolff), and bestowed upon Lambert, the ill-re-
quited builder of Prime Castle, from the cunning
and secresy with which he introduced himself into
that fortalice. The owner of the castle is styled
in one version " Lord Wearie," in another " Lord
Arran," but in what part of Scotland (or dream-
land) the building itself was situated does not
appear.
The earliest and the worst edition of the ballad
is that given in Herd's Collection (2 vols. 8vo.,
Edinburgh, 1776), and entitled Lammikin. The
next, and a far better version, occurs in the first
volume of Jamieson's Popular Ballads and Songs
(Edinb. 1806), who calls its hero "Lamkin." Mr.
Finlay, in his Scottish Historical and Romantic
Ballads (Edinb. 1808), gives two copies of it, and
restores the title Lammikin. The best version,
however, may be found under the title of " Lam-
bert Linkin " (of which all the preceding names
are clearly abbreviations), in Motherwell's valu-
able, but now scarce 4to., entitled Minstrelsy,
Antient and Modern (Glasgow, 1827). From the
first stanza, M. H. R. may discover the name of
the castle, and the provocation which gave rise
to the horrible revenge of the builder. He may
also from the same copy fill up the lacunas in his
own interesting variation. W. L. N.
Bath.
SYSTEMS OF SHORT- HAND.
(2nd S. i. 402.)
MR. HACKWOOD refers to an English Treatise
on Stenography, published in 1588 by Dr. Ti-
mothy Bright, and dedicated to Queen Elizabeth,
but he remarks, " / have no further note of it"
He, with many others, will be gratified on seeing
the first notice of any treatise, in English, on this
now indispensable accomplishment. It was my
good fortune to transcribe it from the original
many years since, but it was put aside with
similar treasures, after an inconsolable bereave-
ment. The writer of the letter was the secretary
of Lord Burleigh.
" Mr. Hicks. — Dr. Bright hath a desire to be insinuated
to the favourable acquaintance of Mr. Bob. Cecill. He
hath begun by dedication of some of his book for one
hour to my L. house. He was sometime, as you also
know, under my charge in Cambridge, when I was readie,
according to that habilitie I then had, and in that state
his friends required to do him the best good by waie of
instruction that I could. Whereas having given me
cause of comfort by his good providings, I retain still the
same good will to do him the best good I maie.
"He hath enterprised a matter of rare noveltie and
effected it, whereof I made report to Mr. Robert. He is
desirous to have some effectual fruit of his travayle,
having charge of a familie, and his profession yielding
him small maintainance as yet, till he have gotten better
acquaintance, and onlie desireth the recommendation of
his state to my L. for some priviledge to be given him by
her Majestie for the onlie teaching of this his own in-
vention, and the printing of such things as shall be taken
by that mean, as also of his own travayles in his pro-
fession ; matters reasonable in my poor opinion to be
required, and wherein there should be no difficultie to
obtain, considering how some other states, to incourage
their own people, and to take use of their Laboures, pro-
pound rewards and compound with the Inventors of any
serviceable art.
; The art he will teach Mr. Robert. And when he hath
taught it to his brother who onlie hath the practice, he
will bring him to the Court, or to his lodging at London
to make proof of it, to the intent he maie the better
394
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd s. N« 46., Nov. 15. '56.
report uppon experience. This paper included will shew
it, though it cannot deliver it. Which contayneth the
whole epistle to Titus. A Batter of great use and com-
moditie, to couch much matter in so short compasse, and
to take a speech from anie man's mouth as he delivereth
it, which both your Lawyers in your Court-houses, and
students in the Universitie maie make good use of.
" I praie you for that I found Mr. Robert in good Dis-
position to see the practice, and to give the Author his
good word ; furthermore, take some time to know when
his pleasure maie be to appoint the Doctor to attend on
him and lett the partie understand of it whom you maie
find near St. Bartholomew's hospitall where he hath a
house, and maie provoke him by this courtesie to dp as
much for you as Mr. Babingtons barber had done in a
like case, of using his art and facultie by requitall. And
thus I commend me heartilie to you, desiring you to re-
commend my poor favour to Mr. Robert as of one who
according to that dutie and devotion he oweth to the
roote beareth a like affectionate goodwill to the branch,
which he will also be readie to pursue and perform with
everie serviceable office he maie to his uttermost poor
abilitie. — Enfield house, this xxx first of March, 1586.
Your assuredlie assured, VIN. SKYNNER.
" To my verie loving friend
Mr. Michael Hicks,
At Lincoln's Inn." *
From this date short-hand had made such pro-
gress that Morhof, in his Polyhistor, 1747 (i. 727.),
wrote, —
" Nowhere has the art of swift and secret writing
flourished so, and been more diligently cultivated than
among the English."
And in the French Encyclopedic, under the ar-
ticle " Tachygraphie," it is confessed that —
" The English are those of all people in the world which
most generally use, and have made the greatest progress
in this art. ... In short, they have brought this
kind of writing to perfection."
Among my rare treasures on this subject is a
beautiful copy with the synoptical table, in vellum,
of —
" Characterie. An arte of shorte, swifte, and secrete
writing by Character. Inuented by TIMOTHE BRIGHT,
Doctor of Phisike. Imprinted at London by J. Windet,
the Assigne of Tim. Bright, 1588. Cum privilegio Regies
Maiestatis. Forbidding all other to print the same."
24mo., not paged.
BENJAMIN HAN BURY.
16. Gloucester Villas, Brixton.
Ballad on Agincourt (2nd S. ii. 349.)— The fine
old ballad referred to by MB. COLLIER may safely
be ascribed to the reign of Elizabeth, if not to an
earlier period. It was, undoubtedly, popular be-
fore 1600, in which year it is quoted by Thomas
Heywood in the First Part of King Edward the
Fourth (Act III. Sc. 2 , ed. Shakspeare Society).
It occurs in the scene between the King and the
• Lansdowne MSS., vol. li., art. 27.
Tanner, where Hobs and his companions sing it
to his disguised Majesty, as a "three man's song."
" Agincourt, Agincourt ! know ye not Agincourt?
Where the English slew and hurt
All the French foemen?
With our Guns and Bills brown,
Oh, the French were beat down,
Morris -pikes and Bowmen," &c.
I have seen a black-letter broadside of this
ballad, but cannot say, from not having " taken a
Note " at the time, in what collection. I think,
however, that it was in the Pepysian. It has not
been reprinted, as far as my knowledge extends,
in any of the numerous ballad-books, dating from
the 1723 Old Ballads downwards.
As regards Henry Harper, the printer, I do not
find that he printed anything before the reign of
Charles II., or perhaps the latter part of the Com-
monwealth. I am making collections for a history
of our old ballad printers, and should be glad of
any facts or dates upon this interesting subject.
The black-letter type was used by ballad-
printers down to 1700, and perhaps for some few
years beyond. We cannot judge of the date of a
ballad from the fact of its being in black-letter, as
I find instances of the same metal types being
used by Gosson in the reign of James I., and by
Thackeray at the end of the same century.
I am delighted to hear that MR. COLLIER is
making progress with his new edition of Shaks-
peare, an edition that the real lovers of the poet
are looking forward to with the deepest interest.
EDWARD F. RIMBATJLT.
" The Carmagnoles " (2nd S. ii. 269. 334.) —
Both the querist and the answerer are in error as
to the name of this air, which is not Les Car-
magnoles, but La Carmagnole, and is a dance,
from which the air takes its name. The refrain
of the song is " Dansons la Carmagnole," &c. I
do not know why J. H. H. characterises it as " one
of the most sanguinary songs of the first Revo-
lution." The original versions of the song had
nothing sanguinary, but rather, indeed, were an
attempt at light pleasantry ; as for instance, in
allusion to some supposed plot of the queen against
Paris, it was sung :
" Madame Veto a promia
De reduire tout Paris ;
Mais son coup a manque',
Grace a nos Grenadiers !
Dansons la Carmagnole," &c.
And on the Duke of Brunswick's retreat .
" Monsieur Brunswick a promis
De marcher tout droit & Paris,
Mais quel diable chemin?
II s'en est alle par Louvain !
Dansons La Carmagnole.
Vive le son (bis)
Du Canon."
There were a great many verses of a similar kind,
2nd S. NO 46., Nov. 15. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
395
and no doubt many were successively added, and
as the revolutionary fury proceeded to murder
and massacre, it is very likely that stanzas of a
sanguinary character may have been interpolated,
but I do not remember to have heard or read any
such. About the time this song was first in
vogue, the mob in the streets began to wear round
jackets without skirts (the bonnet rouge followed a
little later), and these jackets were then, and I
believe still are, sometimes called carmagnoles.
The name was certainly derived from Carmagnola,
a town in Piedmont, where the dance was pro-
bably invented, and which also gave his nom de
guerre to the celebrated Francesco Buffo. [Bas-
sone ?]
I wonder that J. H. H. should have had any
difficulty in finding the music. I have seen it fre-
quently in a separate shape, and I have it in two
collections. But I am still more surprised at
finding it employed as a chime on so solemn an
occasion as REX describes at Chamounix, and
cannot help suspecting some mistake. The air
has some resemblance to more than one of the
many chimes common in France, called Carillons ;
and the improbability of the revolutionary Car-
magnole becoming a kind of religious requiem or
alleluia in the remotest valley of the Alps is so
great that I should suppose that J. H. H. must
have misunderstood his informants, or misheard
Carmagnole for Carillon. C.
This shall be copied from a cotemporaneous
printed copy, and left for J. H. H. at the pub-
lishers, Messrs. Bell & Daldy, next month, as
J. H. H. gives no address. F. A. C.
Magdalen College, Oxford: John Huddleston
(2nd S. ii. 57.) — I am under the impression that
the Father Huddleston who was confessor to the
Duke of York was the same person as the Father
Hurlston or Hodlestone who aided Charles II. in
his escape, after leaving Boscobel. If so, he can
hardly be identical with the " John Huddleston "
recommended for a Demyship at Magdalen by
King James, some five and thirty years after-
wards.
Was this Father Huddleston a Cumberland
man, or was he a member of the ancient family of
that name at Sawston, near Cambridge ? — the pre-
sent head of which, according to a recent state-
ment in one of the public prints, was at one time
all but engaged to Eugenie, now Empress of the
French. HENRY T. RILEY.
Celtic Element in the English Language (2nd S.
ii. 308.) — EDEN WARWICK, will find this subject
ably treated by Latham {English Language,
Walton and Maberly, 2 vols., 28s.), who divides
this Celtic element into five classes. 1. Words of
late introduction, not original and constituent
parts of the language. 2. Words common to the
Celtic and Gothic stocks, and more properly
termed Indo-European. 3. Words which have
come to us from the Celtic through the medium
of some other language. 4. Words which have
been retained from the original Celtic, forming
constituent parts of the language. 5. Words only
employed in the districts bordering upon the
Welsh, Cornish, or Gaelic — i. e. provincialisms.
Dr. Latham adds that there are no vestiges of
the Celtic in the grammatical structure of the
English language. THRELKELD.
Cambridge.
The Queen's Case Stated (2nd S. ii. 329.) — In
reply to the inquiry of UNEDA, I beg to forward
the following lines :
i " THE QUEEN'S ALPHABET,
" By the Hon. W. H. J. Scott.
" A was an Awning that covered the Queen.
B was a Bergami, not to be seen.
C was a Copley, with aquiline beak.
D was a Denman, who quoted some Greek.
E was an Eldon, who sends the king's writ.
F was a Elinn, who went into a fit.
G was a Gifford, who pockets large fees.
H was a Hownam, who fell on his knees.
I was the Inn that Dame Barbara kept.
J was Jerusalem, where they all slept.
K was a Keppel, who saw the Queen walk.
L was a Lindsey, who heard people talk.
M was Majocchi, who swore in September:
N was the Nothing that he could remembec
O was Ompteda, a crony of Cooke's.
P was a Partner of Williams and Brooks.
Q was the Queen, much exposed to attack.
R was Restelli whom Powell sent back.
S was a Sacchi, be -hooted and hatted.
T was the Truth, if we could but get at it.
V was Vassali, who swore all he could.
W was Wisdom, and also is Wood.
X was Ex-Chancellor living in clover.
Y was the Yacht that they did not send over.
Z was the Zealot who brought her to Dover."
C. OLDERSHAW.
Jericho (2nd S. ii. 330.) — One of the suburbs
of Oxford is called Jericho. Can any of your
correspondents say when it first received this
name ? It having the reputation of being de-
voted to much the same " futile purposes " as the
Jericho of Henry VIII., it is just possible that it
may have thence derived its name. Are there
any more Jerichos in England ? and if yes, where ?
and of what character ? HENRY T. RILEY.
Ethergingis (2nd S. ii. 289.) — This word, which
occurs in the Liber Winton, is from the genitive
(Bgtheres gauges, which means " on either side."
NOTARY.
Verses in Richmond Park (2nd S. ii. 346.) —
MR. CROKER'S lines (No. 2.) were affixed to a
tree, not in " Richmond Park," where they would
have had no meaning, but to a tree in the village
of West Moulsey in Surrey, that gentleman's pro-
396
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd s. NO 46., Nov. 15. '56.
perty, round which he had opened a space and
placed a seat for the use of the public ; and the
lines were addressed, not to " Strangers " (as
printed in "N. & Q."), but to "Neighbours."
The warning, however, I am sorry to be obljged
to add, was ineffectual. In a few years the tree
was seriously injured, the inscription torn down,
and the seat destroyed by the perverse mischief of
some of those to whose use they had been thus
dedicated. C.
Honora Sneyd : Miss Edgeworth : Major Andre
(2nd S. i. 383. ; ii. 36.) — I have not seen "N. &
Q." for several weeks, and only accidentally ob-
served, when glancing over some back numbers
on this day, that a writer (2nd S. ii. 36.) speaks of
MR. FITZ-PATRICK as having expressed himself
incorrectly, whereas it was the Philadelphian Port-
folio that really did so, as any reader of " IS". &
Q." can ascertain by reference.
SERVIENS, the biographer of Major Andre,
more than two years ago expressed a wish, through
the medium of " N. & Q.," that his attention
should be directed to such scattered allusions to
that unfortunate officer as might exist among the
unindexed pages of old newspapers and magazines.
I accordingly extracted for him from Thomas
Moore's private copy of the Portfolio, some rele-
vant references, which having been duly acknow-
ledged by me, and printed in minion type by
your compositor, ought, one would think, to have,
shown the critic that, so far from volunteering
original statements, I merely quoted. My own
allegations were perfectly correct.
Richard Lovel Edgeworth married Honora
Sneyd in 1774, and on that lady's death, six years
subsequently, became allied to her sister.
While I am on this subject, I ought, perhaps, to
introduce the following original cutting to Major
Andre's biographer :
" The. late Major Andre.
"We (Courier) received this morning a letter from
New York, addressed as follows : ' To any of the relatives
of the late Major Andre, London. If the relatives of
Major Andre cannot be found, please send this to the
Editor of the Courier, to be opened by him.' We have
accordingly opened the letter, and it will, perhaps, ac-
complish the writer's object to insert it here.
'New York, Dec. 25, 1821.
'While the remains of Major Andre remained on board
the British packet, in this harbour, six young ladies, of
this city, sent on board of that vessel a beautiful Myrtle,
and some Lines addressed to the " Shade of Andre', from
Miss Seward," — and others from "Washington to Ar-
nold." The Captain had orders to deliver them to the
relatives of the interesting Andre, and the writer is de-
sired by the parties concerned here, to give you this hint.
If these tokens of sympathy and respect are received,
please inform us through the British Consul, Mr. Bu-
channan, of this city, or the London Courier.
' WASHINGTON.' "
WILLIAM JOHN FITZ-PATRICK.
Stillorgan, Dublin.
Newcourfs " Repertorium" (1st S. xii. 381.; 2nd
S. i. 261. ; ii. 304. 374.) — With reference to the
proposal for a new edition of Newcourt's Reper-
torium, I find I have pasted upon a blank leaf of
my copy the following extract from Thorpe's
Catalogue of Books of 1841 :
" 971. Newcourt's Repertorium Ecclesiasticum : an Ec-
clesiastical Parochial History of the Diocese of London,
portrait and plates, interleaved and bound in 4 vols.
folio, very neat, in tree-marbled calf, gilt edges, 151. 15s.
1708-10.
" %* The above, which was the author's copy, is inter-
leaved throughout, and contains most interesting MS.
additions by him, extracts from old documents, pedi-
grees, &c. ; also a portrait of the author, by Sturt, and
several other prints, together with some Notes by a more
recent possessor, respecting the portraits of the persons
mentioned in the work. It is of course quite unique, and
will be invaluable in any civic collection."
An inquiry through " X. & Q." would easily
ascertain to what library this copy passed when it
left Thorpe. It should certainly be seen by any
one who undertakes the task of re-editing New-
court's work.
Richard Newcourt was buried at Greenwich in
Kent, Feb. 26, 1715. H. E.
Dr. Gauntlett and William Morley (2ad S. ii.
334.) — Your readers must have been amused
with DR. GAUNTLETT'S letter defending his mistake
about the date of William Morley's death. Not to
take up too much of the valuable space of " N. &
Q." upon a subject of such limited interest, I shall
merely call attention to the fact that DR. GAUNT-
LETT, in fixing 1740 as the date of Morley's death,
has the cool assurance to tell your readers that he
consulted my Collection of Chants, by which he
was led into the error !
At the time when I published the said work I
had not made my copy of the Cheque-book of the
Chapel Royal; consequently, not being able to
give the exact date of Morley's death, I qualified
my statement by saying, " he is supposed to have
died about 1738." If DR. GAUNTLETT had copied
my words he would have been safe ; but he pre-
ferred making a date to suit his own purposes :
consequently he has " fallen into the ditch," as he
expresses it, where I shall leave him for the pre-
sent, sincerely wishing him a speedy recovery from
his accident. EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
Cromwell House, Old Brompton (2nd S. ii. 291.)
— In his paper under the above title, DR. RIM-
BAULT states that "in 1668, Hale House was in-
habited by the Lawrences of Shurdington, in
Gloucestershire, and that in 1682, it was in the
occupation of Francis Lord Howard of Eifingham.
He was the 5th baron, and had three daughters
and three sons, the second of whom, Thomas (a
copy of the register of whose birth is given), suc-
ceeded to the title." I should feel obliged to
DR. RIMBAULT, or any other of your correspon-
2«d s. NO 46., Nov. 15. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
397
dents, for information as to whether either of these
six children of Lord Francis intermarried with the
Shurdington Lawrences. If the two families were
not connected in this direct manner, I believe
they became so by the marriage of Joseph Law-
rence with Mary Townley, who was the (only ?)
child of one of Lord Francis Howard's daughters
by Mr. Townley. The marriage of Joseph Law-
rence with Mary Townley took place in France.
The scanty information I possess on this subject
is derived from some records at New York, where
the name of Lawrence seems very common, and
at least one Effingharn Lawrence was living there
a few years since. The coincidence of these two
names is curious, if only accidental ; but I under-
stand that many persons have borne them at dif-
ferent times.
I may be entirely on the wrong track, but I
should feel thankful for any information on the
subject. E. H. V.
Bayswater.
" Bath Characters," 1808 (2nd S. ii. 172. 253.)
— My Key to Bath Characters agrees with that
of ANON., with the addition of " Snorum — Mr.
Coombes."
A. conjectures rightly that the work created a
sensation at the time, as did another publication
by the same author, also in 1808 : Rebellion in
Bath, or the Battle of the Upper Rooms, a 4to.
vol. in Homeric verse, founded on an occurrence
which took place in 1769, when two Masters of the
Ceremonies were chosen. The author alters the
cause of the " Rebellion," but makes the Bath
Characters of 1808 the principal actors in it, and
introduces a few others.
The event is thus described in the Bath and
Bristol Chronicle of April 13, 1769, and may be
interesting to your readers :
" Never'was such a scene of anarchy, riot, and confu-
sion in this city, or exhibited in any assembly that has
pretensions to politeness, as happened on Tuesday night
last at Mr. Simpson's Rooms, when the friends of Mr. B.
and Mr. Plomer met mutually to support their choice of
each of the above gentlemen, as Master of the Ceremonies.
" Before the minuets began a written paper was pro-
duced by a gentleman in the interest of Mr. Plomer,
which he requested to be permitted to read, but hisses,
groans, and other indecent marks of disapprobation from
the other party prevented it, and a general confusion was
the consequence.
" Among the gentlemen, scandalous epithets soon pro-
duced blows, and among the ladies (who began the fray},
the spirit of opposition afforded work for the milliners,
hair-dressers, and mantua-makers. At last the Mayor
appeared with his proper officers and the deputy Town
ClerlUo appease the tumult, which was at length effected,
after the Riot Act had been three times read."
In this work the satire is far severer than in
Bath Characters. The most strenuous efforts
were made to discover the author, but in vain : the
secret has been as well kept as that of " Junius."
Can ANON, or any of your readers inform me who
was Mr. B., one of the M. C.'s in 1769,-or furnish
me with a Key to the other characters introduced
in the Battle ? viz. :
Lady Wilhelmina Puff.
Mrs. Chatter.
Madame Pannikin.
Pompo Gorgon.
Petulant.
Owen.
Fidel.
The Gallant D., and
Solemn T.
Bath.
R. H. B.
Epitaph at Abinger (2nd S. ii. 306.) — This
epitaph is not original: it will be found in the
churchyard of Bradford, Yorkshire, with a few
verbal alterations, as follows :
" My stithy and my hammer I reclined,
My bellows too have lost their wind ;
My fire's extinguish'd, and my forge decay'd,
And in the silent dust my vice is laid :
My coal is spent, my stock of iron gone,
My last nail driven, and my work is done.
John Hill, died 1813."
Similar epitaphs on blacksmiths are probably
to be found in various other parts of the country.
The above I copied from a flat grave-stone not
many weeks ago. IT. L. T.
Lord Dean of York (2nd S. ii. 171. 294.)— There
were two Wykehamists in the sixteenth century
named John Younge : one, Warden of New Col-
lege, April 13, 1521, and Bishop of Calliopolis,
Feb. 3, 1513-14; the other was Fellow of New
College, Dean of York, May 17, 1514, envoy to
Austria and France, and Master of the Rolls ; the
former was born at Newton Longueville, the
latter at Rye. A reference to Mr. Hardy's edi-
tion of Le Neve's Fasti would show whether any
Dean of York was likewise a suffragan about that
period. MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M. A.
Nearsightedness (2nd S. ii. 149. 236. 257.) — I
have seen it stated in works on physiology that
the highly nutritious and concentrated food, to-
gether with the reading and other sedentary
habits of the higher classes, has a close connection
with the nearsightedness so palpably prevalent
amongst them. That many may affect such a de-
fect is true, but that it is not far more prevalent
among the upper than the lower classes is an idea
at variance with universal testimony and expe-
rience. As a general thing those engaged in
agricultural pursuits, and who seldom read or
try the eyes by close application, are quite free
from this defect. In this county (Somerset) a
nearsighted ploughman or out-door labourer of
any class would, I am sure, be a rara avis, and so
would he be, I presume, in any other county.
Of course tailors, shoemakers, weavers, and all
398
NOTES AND QUEEIES.
[2nd s. NO 46., Nov. 15. '56.
those whose business calls for constant exercise
of the eyes, are more- or less liable to become
nearsighted. Editors, clergymen, literary cha-
racters, and laborious students generally, com-
plain more or less of this defect. So that, leaving
out of the question predisposing causes, sucfi as
high living, dissipation, &c., it seems a well ascer-
tained fact that the eye is liable to become
affected in this way, just in proportion to the
exercise it is subjected to. Vox.
Continuation of" Candide" (2nd S. ii. 229. 319.)
— There may be more than one English trans-
lation of the second part of Candide. The only
one which I know is of both parts, London, 1814,
8vo., pp. 263. There is no " valuable matter " in
the preface, which begins :
" The original work written by Mr. De Voltaire was
intended to ridicule the notion propagated by Rousseau
in one of his works, I believe his Confessions, that all's for
the best."
It ends :
" Let Byron picture horror and remorse,
As if his anguished breast still felt the force ;
Let Campbell sing of hope, and Moore of love,
While to their notes our breasts responsive move.
Voltaire's pervading genius attic wit to shew
In English prose be mine, the modest humble task :
No merit in translation? Critic, say not so;
My honest countrymen to please is all I ask."
I have not seen the original French, so cannot
say whether it is a good imitation of Voltaire's
style or not, but even this translation gives suffi-
cient notion of the matter to make one wonder
that such poor stuff should have imposed upon
any editor. I will give only one instance. At
p. 181. Candide is attacked by robbers, his leg
broken by a bullet, and afterwards cut off to pre-
vent mortification ; at p. 206. he wears a wooden
one ; and at p. 243. he dances " with the best
grace in the world." H. B. C.
U. U. Club.
" Candide " and the " Quarterly Review " (2nd S.
ii. 349.) — The original of the words, "Are you also
a king ? No, your majesties, and I have no desire
to be," are not to be found in the edition of Vol-
taire's Works, in seventy-one volumes, published
at Basle in 1789, nor in the Romans de Voltaire,
published by the Didots in Paris, an via (1800).
The external evidence is opposed to the introduc-
tion of these words ; so also is the internal ; for at
the opening of this interview Candide had antici-
pated the question by telling the six kings, an-
other instance of his simplicity, that he was not
himself a king, " pourquoi etes-vous tous rois ?
pour moi, je vous avoue que ni moi ni Martin
The inquiry of the kings amongst themselves,
evidently not addressed to Candide, " et qui le
donne ? " omitted by the reviewer, is followed in
the original by a description of the entrance,
" dans 1'instant qu'on sortait de table," of four
Serene Highnesses, who had also lost their do-
minions by the fate of war, to whom Candide
could afford only a glance, being absorbed in the
thought of meeting his Cunegarda. I concur with
the HERMIT or HAMPSTEAD that the introduction
of these words, so far from meriting the encomium
passed on them by the reviewer, are beneath the
art of Voltaire. T. J. BUCKTON.
Lichfield.
Count Vilain XIV. (2nd S. i. 232. ; ii. 338.) —
Your correspondent, in his inquiries after the
origin of the appendix to their name adopted by
the Vilain family, has not given the cause most
generally asserted to have been the occasion of
that singular nominal distinction. When Louis
XIV., in the flush of victory, was receiving the
congratulations and petitions of the conquered
Flemish nobles, the Count Vilain presented him-
self, and humbly besought his majesty to permit
him to change his name. The king, probably ir-
ritated at being troubled with a request so truly
trivial, answered tetchily, " What ! are you
ashamed of your name, then take mine." The
monarch knew well he was addressing one of the
highest nobles in the land, and the descendant of
a most ancient lineage. This is believed to be the
credited version, and adopted by the family.
HENRY D'AVENEY.
Instrument of Torture (2nd S. ii. 109.) — In
Bryan Edwards's History of the West Indies (third
edition, 1801), I find a copy of the " Consolidated
Slave Act of Jamaica, passed the 2nd of March,
1792," the following clause of which seems to
afford a comment on the extract given by W.*W. :
" XV. And whereas a mischievous practice hath some-
times prevailed of punishing ill-disposed slaves, and such
as are apt to abscond from their owners, by fixing or
causing to be fixed round the necks of such slaves an
iron collar with projecting bars or hooks, to prevent the
future desertion of such slaves : Be it further enacted by
the authority aforesaid, That such practice is hereby de-
clared to be utterly unlawful, and that no person shall,
on any pretence whatsoever, under the penalty of fifty
pounds, punish any negro or other slave, whether his own
property or otherwise, by fixing, or causing to be fixed,
any iron or other collar round the neck of such slave,
or by loading the body or limbs of such slave, for any
offence whatsoever, with chains, irons, or weights, of
any kind, other than such as are absolutely necessary for
securing the person of such slave ; and all and every the
justices of the peace, within this island, are hereby au-
thorized, directed, and required, under the penalty of
one hundred pounds, on information and view of such
offence, to order such collar, chains, irons, or weights, to
be immediately taken off from the slave or slaves wearing
or bearing the same."
Another clause of the act provides for the
punishment of persons found guilty of " mutilat-
ing or dismembering any slave or slaves." It
2nd s. N° 46.; Nov. 15. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
399
would seem from the above, that the slaves in
Jamaica were, even as late as 1792, punished with
great severity. Vox.
Reading of the Psalms (2nd S. i. 213, 214.) — In
the reply to the Query, in the concluding sen-
tence, it is stated, that "to maintain a chorus (not
a singing, but a responding chorus,) without a
choragus, is an impossibility."
What is here pronounced impossible is done
every Sunday in the United States. Clerks to
lead the responses of the congregation were not
unusual thirty-five years ago, but I believe that
they are now entirely dispensed with ; at any rate,
I have met with none in my travels in the eastern,
middle, and western states, during the last twenty
years. UNEDA.
Philadelphia.
[Responding in order and unity — that is to say all
persons using the same rhythms and tones — is one
thing : responding in disorder and confusion — every
man extemporising the rhythms and moving from in-
flexion to inflexion as he may please — is another. Re-
sponding in order and unity "is not done in America, or
anywhere on this melodious planet, without a leader and
without labour.]
"Instructions for Lent" (2nd S. ii. 329.) — The
author of this work was the Rev. John Gother.
It forms the third volume of the sixteen contain-
ing his spiritual works, apart from his works of
controversy. He was a convert to the Catholic
Faith, and was the chief instrument, under God,
of the conversion of the eminent Bishop Challoner.
This book of Instructions for Lent is well known,
and highly esteemed. F. C. H.
Bones, Manure (2nd S. ii. 99.) — I have heard
it stated that the contents of the charnel-houses in
the north of Germany are shipped in vast quanti-
ties to Hull, and that a considerable proportion of
the cargoes imported there consists of human
bones. Perhaps some of your readers may be
able to state more positively whether or not this
is the fact. HENRY T. RILEY.
General Epistles (2nd S. i. 209.) — I apprehend
that the disquisition on the point raised by
ABHBA will scarcely suit your columns. I there-
fore furnish him with the following references :
Whitby on New Testament, vol. iv. p. 939., ed. 1847.
Home „ „ vol. iv. p. 427., ed. 9.
Tomline „ „ p. 322., ed. 19th.
Lardner „ „ vol. vi. p. 467.
Kitto, sub voce Epistles, Bib. Cycl, p. 644.
Theological Critic, ed. T. K. Arnold, vol. ii. p. 373., " On
the Most Ancient Canon of the New Testament."
Also consult Alford and Hug, Lachmann and
Tischendorf, or Olshausen. F. S.
Thorolds (2nd S. ii. 289.) — Burke would make
his statement on the authority of the Thorolds
themselves. He applied to each family for their
pedigree, and certain other particulars, and pub-
lished the information he received. He did not
pretend to correct people's pedigrees for them,
or to test the accuracy of their family traditions.
Of course he was anxious his work should be
correct, but he was obliged to depend on the
parties he applied to. ONE or THOSE PARTIES.
Mottoes for a Common-place Book, Index Ile~
rum, or Note Book (2nd S. ii. 327.) — Your cor-
respondent may add the following to his collec-
tion :
" Because it is but a counterfeit thing in knowledges
to be forward and pregnant, except a man be deep and
full, I hold the entry of common- places to be a matter of
great use and essence in, studying, as that which as-
sureth copie of invention, and contracteth judgement to
a strength. But this is true, that of the methods of
common-places that I have seen, there is none of any
sufficient worth ; all of them carrying merely the face of
a school, and not of a world; and referring to vulgar
matters and pedantical divisions, without all life, or re-
spect to action." — Bacon's Advancement of Learning,}. 2.
c. 16. s. 1.
" Nihil unquam legit, quod non excerperet." — Pttnius
junior, Ep. iii. 5., dicens de avunculo suo.
"Maximi quiqueviri et commendant et adhibent sedu-
lam excerpendi curam. Profecto fidem superat, si quis
et accurate, et continenter scripto conservet, quidquid
constans lectio memoria dignum in dies offert, quanta,
quam brevi egregiarum rerum copia congeratur." — Sac-
chinus, de rations libros legendi, p. 76.
" Dicit Justus Lipsius, ' lectionem ipsam non sufficere,
ne repetitam quidem, imo nee in felicissima memoria, s'ed
opus esse excerptis quibusdam, et notis rerum verborum-
que singularium. ' " — Epist. Jnstit., cap. 12.
N.R.
^ Lines on a Watch (2nd S. ii. 109.) —The beau-
tiful lines on this subject by Dr. Byrom are
equalled, I think, by the following, which deserve
to be made more widely known by insertion in
«N. &Q.:"
" To a Lady with the present of a Watch.
" With me while present, may thy lovely eyes
Be never turn'd upon this golden toy :
Think every pleasing hour too swiftly flies,
And measure time by joy succeeding joy.
" But when the cares that interrupt our bliss,
To me not always will thy sight allow,
Then oft with fond impatience look on this,
Then every minute count — as I do now."
Can any of your correspondents name the
author? ' N. L. T.
St. Peter with a closed Book (2nd S. ii. 268.
319.) — Since my former communication, I have
met with an instance of St. Peter represented with
a closed book, as well as the keys. It occurs in
Bottesford Church, Leicestershire. The brass of
Henry de Codyngtoun has his effigy vested in a
cope ; and St. Peter appears thus on the orphrey.
St. Paul is on the opposite side, and it is remark-
able that he bears a sword only, and no book.
F. C. H.
400
NOTES AND QUERIES.
S. NO 46., Nov. 15. '56.
Madame Dunois' Court of England: Beau Wil-
son (I* S. xii. 495.) — The lady, from whose letters
Madame Dunois took tier account of the singular
elevation of Beau Wilson, and his subsequent
death, at the hands of Law, of Mississippi notoriety,
was Mrs. Manley, most probably. The latter,
which is a singular production, and is perhaps
based on truth, is to be found in Familiar Letters
of Love and Gallantry, 1724, vol. ii. p. 61. et seq.,
where it is the first (and the only interesting one)
of a series intituled " Original Letters from the
Island of New Atlantis." The lady who lavished
such immense wealth upon him was intended for
the Duchess of Cleveland ; who finally is said to
have incited Law to challenge him to a duel and
murder him. Is not the author above mentioned
the Countess D'Annois f
What is the " very different source " of his
wealth that is alluded to in the article above-
mentioned ? Was it the Philosopher's Stone ? —
which, according to common report, he had dis-
covered. HENRY T. RILEY.
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G. The phrase, " a rod in pickle," has reference to a practice which
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F. A. C. is thanked for his kind offers. Contemporary explanations
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D. B. BRIGHT-WELL is thanked. He will see that he had been anticipated
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HYPO. Surely the cry is " Buns or Biscuits."
D. BOWMAN will find much information respecting the Scotch Kilt
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HENRY T. RILEY. For Notes on History of Robinson Crusoe see our
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NOTES AND QUERIES.
401
LONDON, SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 22, 1856.
ANGLO-SAXON CHARTERS.
[We have great pleasure in calling attention to the
following communication from MR. KEMBLE. When we
consider the importance of the documents which he pro-
poses to re-edit — their value as materials to national as
well as local history — the improved arrangement of those
already printed — the proposed addition of no less than
sixty new charters, and enlargement of the glossary of
words denoting land-divisions as well as the index of
local names — We can scarcely doubt that Mr. Kemble
will at once receive such assurances of support as will se-
cure him from a sacrifice which all must agree that he
certainly ought " not to be called upon to make."]
In answer to the many communications with
which I have been favoured, respecting the Codex
Diplomaticus JEvi Saxonici, I beg to state, that I
am prepared to publish a new and greatly im-
proved edition of the work, as soon as I see that
this can be done without entailing upon me a sa-
crifice which I ought not to be called upon to
make. Should my plan be carried into effect, it
will comprise the following details.
An addition of about sixty new documents will
be incorporated in the work. The charters
hitherto dispersed throughout the volumes will be
arranged in their chronological order ; but an
index will be given, by which the numbers of the
old will be identified with those of the new
edition. The detached boundaries> will be, in
every case, appended to the documents to which
they belong. All the boundaries, as well as all
the charters which are written in Anglo-Saxon,
will be translated into English. Regrants and
confirmations of charters, where there is no es-
sential difference between their text and the older
one, will merely be noticed and carried to the
general list of documents, but not reprinted ; and
similarly, where two or more documents are drawn
up in the same words, only one will be printed at
length, and the variations of the others noted.
The merely formal words, as Proem and Sanction,
of every charter will be omitted, and the date and
Teste so arranged as to give -all the information
which is of any value, combined with the greatest
possible economy of space. The glossary of words
denoting land-divisions, as well as the index of
local names, will be materially enlarged. And to
the whole will be appended lists, as complete as
they can now be made, of the Anglo-Saxon kings
and bishops, with the dates of their accessions
and deaths. The work will also comprise a chro-
nological table of the principal events of Anglo-
Saxon history from the commencement of our
written records till the period of the Norman
Conquest. By the means adopted to compress
the matter within reasonable bounds, I hope to
comprise the whole in about two volumes.
I earnestly beg those gentlemen who have used
the Codex Diplomaticus for local purposes, to
favour me with such corrections or additions as
their knowledge enables them to supply, especially
'i the list of names of places. JOHN M. KEMBLE.
6. Elizabeth Terrace, Westbourne Park.
STRAY NOTES ON EDMUND CURLL, HIS LIFE, AND
PUBLICATIONS.
No. 5. — CurlC s first Appearance at the Bar of the
House of Lords.
The year 1716 had no claims to be marked by
Curll with a white stone. It saw his first quarrel
with Pope, and witnessed the indignities which he
suffered at the hands of the Westminsters. Nor
were these the only misfortunes which befel the
subject of our Notes in the course of this un-
lucky year. In his anxiety to turn a penny he
violated an Order of the Lords, and soon came into
the clutches of Black Rod. The occasion was this.
The trial for high treason of the Earl of Win- ,
toun had been brought to a close on Monday,
March 19, ty$%. The sentence had been passed,
and the Lord High Steward, standing up un-
covered and declaring " there was nothing more
to be done by virtue of his present commission,"
had broken his Staff and declared the Commission
dissolved.
On the following Wednesday the House or-
dered :
" That the Proceedings in the Trial of George Earl of
Wintoun, upon the Impeachment of High Treason ex-
hibited against him by the House of Commons, be printed
and published ; and that there be prefixed to the Same,
an Account of the several Days or Times when the said
Impeachment was brought up, when the said Earl's
Answer was put in to the said Impeachment, and when
the Commons replied to the said Answer ; together with
the several Orders, in Course of Time, preparatory to the
said Earl's Trial."
In pursuance of this Order, Mr. Cowper, the
then Clerk of the Parliaments, appointed " Jacob
Tonson to print the Tryal of George Earl of
Wintoun," and did " forbid any other person to
print the same." Honest Jacob accordingly issued
the trial, in a good handsome form, and at a price
corresponding. The public, however, wanted a
cheaper report of it, and the public were supplied
with one — " An Account of the Tryal of the Earl
of Winton ; which began on the 15th and ended on
the 19th of March, 1716," printed in folio and oc-
cupying six pages, was " Printed for S. Popping,
at the Black Raven in Paternoster Row (Price
Two-pence^"
This was a violation of the Orders of the House
not to be overlooked, and on the 13th of April,
*' complaint being made to the House of a printed
paper intituled An Account, &c.," the House or-
dered " the Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod,
402
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2"dS. N» 47., Nov. 22. '56.
his Deputy or Deputies, forthwith to attach the
body of the said S. Popping for printing and pub-
lishing the said Paper in breach of a Standing
Order of the House. '
Sir William Oldes, then the Gentleman Usher,
informed the House on the following day " that
S. Popping is taken into Custody, but is so ill that
she is not in a condition to be brought to the Bar,
and that a person is attending at the Door who
can give an account concerning the said Paper."
Whereupon Elizabeth Cape was called in and ex-
amined upon oath, at the bar, touching the said
paper.
Unfortunately no particulars of what Eliza-
beth Cape told the House have been recorded:
but she told them enough to implicate poor Curll
and his brother bookseller, John Pemberton ; for
the result of her examination was, that the House
ordered the Gentleman Usher to " forthwith at-
tach the bodies of John Pemberton and Edmund
Curl], Booksellers in Fleet Street, for being con-
cerned in printing and publishing the said Paper,"
and to " keep them in safe Custody until further
-Order."
On Tuesday, the 17th April, Sarah Popping pre-
sented to the House a petition, of which the fol-
lowing is a copy :
" To the Eight Honble The Lords Spirituall and Teraporall
in Parliament assembled.
" The humble Petition of Sarah Popping,
" Sheweth,
" That your Petitioner is heartily sorry to have in-
curred Your Lordships displeasure, but hopes from Your
Lordships known Justice to obteyne your generous pardon
when Your Lordships are acquainted with her case, which
is as follows :
" Your Lordships Petitioner knew nothing of her name
being put to the Lord Wintoun's Trial, which has justly
offended Your Lordships, nor knew of its being sent to be
published by her untill after it was brought to her
house.
" That being ill at the time it came, your Petitioner's
sister, who is not acquainted with such things, had pub-
lished it before your Petitioner knew anything of it.
" Your Lordships Petitioner and her Sister have fully
declared all they know about the Booksellers concerned in
it, and it being usual in such cases to discharge the pub-
lisher upon the discovery of the Bookseller,
"Your Petitioner most humbly begs Your Lordships
favor that shee may be discharged without fees, Her con-
dition and the pron'tts shee has by publication not being
able to bear it.
" And yr Petr shall pray, &c.
" SApkAii POPPING."
This petition having been read, and the House
being informed that Curll and Pemberton were
also in custody, ordered them all three to be
brought to the bar at one o'clock on the following
day. The business was, however, adjourned from
day to day until Thursday the 26th April, when
we find the following entry on the Journals :
" Sarah Popping, a Publisher, and John Pemberton and
Edmund Curll, Booksellers, were (according to Order)
brought to the Bar, and severally examined touching tho
printed Paper, intituled, « An Account of the Trial of the
Earl of Winton.'
" As was also Elizabeth Cape examined upon Oath, in
relation to the same Matter.
"And, they being withdrawn, the following Orders
were made :
" Ordered, That the said Sarah Popping and John Pem-
berton be forthwith discharged oat of Custody, without
paying any Fees ; and that the said Edmund Curll be
continued in the Custody he is now in.
"Ordered, That Daniel Bridge, a Printer, in Pater-
noster Row, do attend this House to-morrow, to give an
Account concerning the printing of the aforementioned
Paper."
On Wednesday the 2nd of May, Daniel Bridge,
a printer in Paternoster Row, attending (accord-
ing to order), was called in and examined touch-
ing the printing of the Earl of Wintoun's trial,
and having acquainted the House " That he re-
ceived the Copy thereof from Edmund Curll, a
Bookseller in Fleet Street, and owned he printed
the same," he was forthwith ordered into the
custody of Black Rod.
On Tuesday the 8th May, Curll and Bridge
presented to the House a petition, of which the
following is a copy :
" To the Right Hon™* the Lords Spiritual and Temporal
in Parliament Assembled.
"The humble Petition of Edmund Curll and Daniel
Bridge.
" Humbly Sheweth,
" That your Petitioners are in the Custody of the
Black Rod, by Order from your Lordships, for Printing
and Publishing a Paper intituled, ' An Account of the
Tryal of the Earl of Winton,' which your Petitioners are
now sensible is contrary to a Standing Order of this
Most Honourable House.
" That your Petitioners not knowing there was any
such order, did inadvertently cause the same to be printed,
and have thereby justly incurred your Lordships dis-
pleasure.
" Your Petitioners for their offence are heartily sorry,
and for the future do promise to be more Circumspect, and
resolve never again to offend your Lordships: and in re-
gard your Petitioners have Families, which must inevita-
bly be Ruined unless your Lordships have compassion on
them, They humbly "Beg that your Lordships will be
pleased to order them to be discharged from their con-
finement.
"And your Petitioners as in Dutv bound shall ever
Pray.
" EDMUND CUHLL.
DANIEL BRIDGK."
This petition was ordered to lie on the table
until the following morning. It was not, how-
ever, finally taken into consideration until the
Friday, when —
" Edmund Curll and Daniel Bridge, in Custody of the
Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod, for printing and
publishing a paper intituled ' An Account of the Trial of
the Earl of Winton,' in breach of a Standing Order of
this House, were (this day), according to Order, brought
to the Bar ; where they, on their Knees, receiving a Re-
primand from the Lord Chancellor for their said Offence,
were ordered to be discharged, paying their Fees."
2nd g. N° 47., Nov. 22. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
403
And thus ends Curll's first appearance at the
Bar of the House of Lords.
Curll was, however, not easily dispirited : the
poison of Pope, the "tyrannick rod" of the
Westminsters, the reprimand of the Lord Chan-
cellor, were alike indifferent to him ; if, indeed,
they did not stimulate him to fresh exertions.
On May 11 he was released from the custody
of Black Rod ; and in less than a fortnight, we
find him in correspondence with Thoresby on the
subject of a new edition of Erdeswick's Stafford-
shire, as the following letters show : —
« May 22,^1716.
" WORTHY SIR,
« The Life of Archbishop Tillotson* is not yet done;
so soon as it is, both that and RadclifFe shall be faithfully
sent you. Messrs. Gales desire your acceptance of their
service. Mr. Rawlinson, of St. John's College in Oxon,
has sent me up a copy of Mr. Erdeswick's Survey of
Staffordshire, which was put to the press this day. He
is told, Sir, that you have a good copy of this valuable
manuscript, and entreats the favour of you that you will
be pleased to lend him yours to collate with his own : all
imaginable care shall be taken of it, and it shall be faith-
fully returned to you in a fortnight's time. This he hopes
for from you, as you are a lover of antiquities, and a pro-
moter of learning; and your speedy answer to this re-
quest will very much oblige him, our club of antiquaries,
and more particularly, Sir, your objiged humble Servant,
" E. CURLL."
SIR,
Friday, June 1, 1716.
" I have just received your obliging letter, wherein you
are so kind to promise me the loan of your copy of Erdes-
wick. The greatest care imaginable shall be taken of it,
and I herewith send you a note of my hand for the safe
return of it in a month's time. I must desire you, Sir, to
send it me by the very first opportunity (I will pay the
carriage), because I have this day received the first
printed sheet back from Oxford, and will not let it be
worked off till I have collated it with your manuscript,
with which I will return you two printed copies. I will
deliver Dr. Radcliffe's Life to whosoever you order to call
for it. As to Collins, I know nothing of his residence ;
the last time I saw him, he told me he was promised to
have a place in the Custom House.
" I am, Sir, your obliged humble Servant,
" E. CURLL."
" June 1, 1716. One month after the date hereof, I
promise to return, free from all damage, to Mr. Thoresby,
or his order, his manuscript copy of Erdeswick's Survey
of Staffordshire, together with two printed copies of the
said work.
" Per E. CURLL."
And here the reader, who cannot be greatly
* This work is printed in folio and octavo, and is pre-
tended to have been compiled from the minutes of the
Rev. Mr. Young, late Dean of Salisbury, by F. H. [F.
Hutchinson], with many curious Memoirs communicated
by the late Right Rev. Gilbert Burnet, Bishop of Sarum.
Bishop Kennet, however, in his Complete History of Eng-
land, vol. iii. p. 673., 2nd edition, observes, that " some
persons had reason to believe that Bishop Burnet and
Dean Young had little or no hand in that Life ; " and
both the performance itself, and the name of the book-
seller, Edmund Curll, will confirm that suspicion. (Dr.
Birch's Life of Tillotson, 8vo., p. 2.)
impressed in Curll's favour by what has already
been recorded of him, will do him the justice to
admit, that when undertaking this new edition of
Erdeswick, Curll used his best endeavours to make
it as perfect as possible.
We may bring the present Note to a close with
the following Memoranda of Sums paid by Curll
to his Miltons and Pindars —
" Who, free from rhyme or reason, rule or check,
Broke Priscian's head, and Pegasus's neck."
They are from the curious MS. Collections of
the late Mr. Upcott, and were first printed in The
Gentleman's Magazine, vol. xciv. pp. 315. 410.
and 513.:
" May 30, 1709. Ed. Holdsworth sold to Mr. Curll for
five guineas a compleat copy of a Latin poem intituled
Muscipula, and fifty copies for his own use."
" May 18, 1715. Susannah Centlivre then received of
Mr. Curll twenty guineas in full for the copy of my play
called The Wonder ; a Woman Keeps a Secret. Received
the same sum for The Cruel Gift, and the same for The
Artifice. The last two plays were added to the receipt
at a later period."
" Feb. 13, 1716. John Durant Breval was paid by Mr.-
Curll four guineas for a poem called The Art of Dress ;
in another document called The Progress of Dress."
« July 4, 1716. F. Chute received of Messrs. Curll and
Hooke full satisfaction for the sole right and title of the
copy of a poem called The Petticoat"
« April 23, 1718. Charles Molloy received of Mr. Curll
five guineas, and a note of hand for like sum, condi-
tionally payable upon the sale of 900 of a play called The.
Coquet, acted at Lincoln's Inn Fields' theatre, April 19,
and two following nights."
" Nov. 13, 1719. Charles Beckingham received of Mr.
Curll, for the sole right and title to the copy of a play
by me written, intitled The Tragedy of King Henry the
Fourth of France ; and also of my translation of Rapin's
Christus Pattens, fifty guineas."
" Nov. 28, 1719. John Leigh received of Mr. Curll,
for a copy of a play called Kensington Garden, or The.
Pretenders, forty -five guineas."
" Feb. 20, 1723. Robert Samber was paid by Mr. Curll
four guineas for the sole right and title to the copy of a
book by me written, intituled The Praise of Drunkenness,
with a reserved right of twelve copies bound."
" Sept. 16, 1723. Thomas Stackhouse received of Mr.
Curll ten guineas for writing The Life of Bishop Atter-
bury."
" March 3,* 1724-5. Ann Brome received then of Mr.
Edmund Curll one guinea in full satisfaction for all my
right, property, and interest to and in the following copy,
viz. The Gentleman Apothecary; being a late and true
Story, turned out of French, with several Letters, 8vo.,
which said copy was the property of my late husband,
Mr. Charles Brome, deceased."
" April, 1726. Thomas Cooke was paid by Mr. Cuvll
51. for writing Mr. MarvelPs Life, procuring some of his
Letters, and publishing his Works."
" Oct. 1726. John Clarke received of Mr. Curll two pay-
ments of one guinea each in part of the copy-money of
two novels : 1. The Virgin Seducer* 2. The Batchelor's
Keeper; agreed to be printed in duodecimo at half-a-
* These tales occupy pp. 61. to 146. of Atterburyana,
being Miscellanies by the late Bishop of Rochester, 8fc.,
with —
I. A Collection of Original Letters, fyc.
404
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd s. N° 47., Nov. 22. '56.
guinea per sheet, according to a specimen of The Essay
on Gibing."
" Nov. 10, 1740. Thomas Stretser received of Mr. Curll
full satisfaction for the sole right and title to the copy of
a book entitled A New Description of Merryland. No
sum as the consideration mentioned. In like manner, on
Oct. 17, 1741, was transferred the copy of a book •ntitled
JHerryland Displayed," 8fc.
[No date.] " John Markland received of Mr. Curll
two guineas for The Fryar's Tale, The Retaliation, and
other Poems, amounting to four sheets in print."
S. N. M.
OUR POPULAR BOOKS OF REFERENCE : THE COUR-
TENAYS,
Permit me to draw your attention, and that
of your correspondents, to an evil that might,
by the exercise of more vigilance, be corrected.
I allude to the inaccuracies which I may say
abound in books of reference, and which are
clearly chargeable to editorial laxity. A few
nights since I amused myself with looking into
. Sir Harris Nicolas' s Synopsis of the Peerage, and
comparing it with other authorities. He says
(p. 194.), speaking of William Courtenay, who
married Katheririe, daughter of Edward IV., that
he —
" is by most writers called Earl of Devon, but as he was
attainted in 1504, vita patris, and the attainder not having
been reversed, he could not of course inherit the dignity ;
he died 1511, and, at Henry VIII. 's command, was buried
with the honours of an earl."
Lodge, in his Genealogy of the Peerage (1834),
says of the same individual, that —
"he was attainted in 1502 on suspicion of holding a trea-
sonable correspondence with Edmund de la Pole
As, in consequence of the attainder, he could not legally
inherit his father's earldom, he was created Earl of
Devon, May 10, 1511, by a new patent."
So, according to this, the latest authority, he was
Earl of Devon.
It will be noticed that two dates are given for
the attainder. To settle the point I turn to
Salmon's Chronological Historian, and there I
find, —
" 1506. Another conspiracy by the Earl of Suffolk, the
Earl of Devonshire, and others, is discovered and de-
feated."
This latter authority also says that —
" 14G9. Thomas Courtney was created Earl of Devon."
Nicolas, ubi sup., is doubtless more correct in
saying that in 1461 Thomas, sixth earl, was at-
tainted and beheaded, and his honours forfeited.
II. The Virgin Seducer. A. true History.
III. The Batchelor Keeper, or Modern Rake.
By Philaretus.
London: Printed in the Year M.DCCXXVIL Price
2s. Qd.
The Dedication " To Dr. Tovvne" is signed "E. Curll,"
and dated "New Year's Day, 1726-7."
Neither Nicolas nor Lodge mention any issue
of any patent in 1469 ; but the latter says that in
1470 John Courtney (he was brother to the sixth
earl) was restored to the earldom during the
brief restoration of Henry VI.
In the same page above quoted Lodge calls an-
other individual " Sir Edward " and " Sir Wil-
liam."
Your own pages have been the media for cor-
recting several such errors in Burke's Works.
Surely we have a right to expect to be able to
rely on the authorised publications of a " Norroy
King of Arms" and an " Ulster King of Arms."
In the present instance can you or your corre-
spondents inform me of the truth of the matters
which the above extracts leave in doubt ?
TEE BEE.
FOLK LORE.
The Biddenden Maids. —
" Felices ter et amplius
Quas irrupta tenet copula."
Tne following broadside, printed in the last
century, relates to two ladies whose duality was
even more remarkable than that of the Siamese
twins of our own days, inasmuch as they appear to
have been connected both at the shoulders and at
the hips, while the Siamese were, or are, joined by
a single ligature at the abdomen.
The broadside is headed by a woodcut of this
specimen of the " monstrous regiment of women."
They are dressed in the costume of the time of
Mary L, with the head-dress of that period, open
bodices, with vandycked ruffs, and sleeves slashed
at the shoulders. They are only provided with
one pair of arms, the other right and left shoulders
respectively forming the junction. When the
Siamese twins were in London, the surgeons were
very desirous of disconnecting them, but the
brothers were not to be persuaded of the advan-
tages of the operation, and preferred remaining as
nature formed them, although, I believe, they did
not imitate these sisters in their celibacy. I re-
member that their conformation did not prevent
their playing, though awkwardly enough, at bat-
tledore and shuttlecock, which these ladies could
hardly have done.
The annual dole on Easter Day of bread and
cheese, and of cakes stamped with the impression
represented by the woodcut, is still kept up, and
draws together a large concourse of people.
"A
Short, but concise account of Elizabeth and Mary Chulk-
hurst, who were born joined together by the Hips and
Shoulders, in the Year of our Lord 1100, at Biddenden, in
the County of Kent ;
Commonly called the
Biddenden Maid's.
The Reader will observe by the above Plate of them, that
2nds. NO 47., Nov. 22. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
405
they lived together in the above state, Thirty-four Years ;
at the expiration of which time, one of them was taken
111, and in a short time died; the surviving one was ad-
vised to he separated from the body of her deceased
Sister, by dissection, but she absolutely refused the sepa-
ration by saying these words, as we came together, we
will also go together, and in the space of about six hours
after her Sister's decease, She was taken 111, and died
also.
" By their Will, they bequeathed to the Churchwardens
of the Parish of Biddenden, and their successors Church-
wardens for ever, certain pieces or parcels of Land in the
Parish of Biddenden, containing twenty Acres, more or
less, which now lets at £31 10s. per Annum. There are
usually made in commemoration of these wonderful Phoe-
nomena's of Nature, about 1000 Rolls with their im-
pression printed on them, and given away to all Strangers,
on Easter Sunday, after Divine Service in the Afternoon,
also about 270 Quartern Loaves, and Cheese in proportion,
to all the poor Inhabitants of the said Parish."
CHEVERELLS.
Oak- Apple Day. — • In Devonshire, at least in
the vicinity of Starcross, the children customarily
celebrate this anniversary by carrying about what
they call May babies, i. e. little dolls, carefully and
neatly dressed, decked with flowers, and laid in
boxes somewhat resembling coffins, though such
resemblance is not, apparently, the intention of
the artists. The origin or meaning of this custom
does not appear to be known, but it is believed to
be in some way connected with Charles II. A
medical friend, riding his rounds last Oak- Apple
Day, came up with a group of women and chil-
dren, one of whom was carrying something covered
with a loose cloth. At his request she raised the
cloth, and disclosed a doll dressed and lying in a
neat box. To his inquiries as to the object of it,
the only reply he could for some time get was,
" May baby, Sir ! " At last one old woman, with
a sudden burst of eloquence, said, " King Charles
beheaded in the oak, Sir ! " Nothing further
could be gathered.
A method of commemorating the day, more
certainly applicable to Charles II., also obtains
there. An effigy, similar in construction to those
in such favour on Guy Fawkes' day, is constructed
of old garments stuffed with straw, and a mask
for a face. Its breast is decorated with a paper
star, and a sash passes from the left shoulder
under the right arm, in imitation of those worn by
the Knights of the Garter. The effigy is seated
amid and under branches of oak ; and the whole
is placed in a cart, with which its proprietor per-
ambulates the neighbourhood, stopping at each of
the better sort of nouses, of course in the hope of
TEE BEE.
A Legend of Moor Park. — The landlord of the
"Unicorn" inn, Parnham, is careful to show his
customers a portrait of William Foot, who lived
for upwards of three months in a hollow called
" Ludlam's Cave," in Moor Park, once the resi-
dence of Sir William Temple. During the time he
lived there, he only came to the town at night ;
bought what he wanted, and then crept back to his
hiding-place. He was discovered, on January 14,
1840, very ill ; and shortly afterwards died. He
was by trade a tailor. The portrait represents a
haggard face, with a grizzly beard and moustache.
It needs not a Lavater to discover a tendency to
insanity in its wild and melancholy expression.
J. VIRTUE WTNEN.
Hackney.
Radish Boys Cry of Great Yarmouth. —
" Morodoosher *, Moredoosh ;
Come here ye hew raw,
Spring Kedoosh,
Come here two bunch e how-oh.
" Come you that a' got money,
Whilst I a' got none :
Buy all my spring Radishes,
And let me go home.
" Come all you pretty maids,
Who chuse to buy any,
For here's your Spring Radishes,
Two bunches a penny.
" Come all you old wimmin,
Be joyful and sing :
For here's your old radish boy's,
Now come ag'in.
" For here I am,
Both weary and tir'd,
And here's my last pemiuth,
So I don't care who 11 buy it." f
This singular ditty, which has been rendered in
a variety of ways by the curious in such matters,
but I believe never printed in any Collection of
Cries, is strictly confined to this locality. Its
origin is involved in the greatest obscurity. Can
any of the readers of " N, & Q." give any in-
formation as to its origin or author ?
J. W. DlBOLL.
Great Yarmouth.
The Torch fiance. — Pray preserve in your Folk Lore
columns, for the use of future antiquaries, the following
graphic account of this ancient dance, as given by The
Times correspondent (in that paper of the 24th Sept.)*
who supplied from Berlin the particulars of the marriage
of the Princess Royal of Prussia. After describing how
the Court proceeded from the supper-room to the White
Saloon again, where the fackel-tanz, or torch dance, is
then to be performed, the writer proceeds :
"As on the former occasion of the reception of the con-
gratulations, the newly married couple now also took
their places with the king and queen on the dai's under
the throne canopy, and the princesses ranged themselves
on the right hand of the throne, and the princes on the
left, according to their rank. At a signal from the king
the Lord High Marshal approaches the young couple and
requests them to open the dance, which they do by walk-
ing a Polonaise, preceded by the twelve ministers of state,
each holding a taper of white wax in his hand. After
performing one tour of the saloon, which is of very con-
* Evidently a corruption of " More Radish."
f This last verse is only sung when the boy has arrived
at his " last pennuth."
406
NOTES AND QUERIES.
O<*S. NO 47., Nov. 22. '50.
siderable extent, the procession stops before the dai's, and
the newly married princess invites the king to dance,
•with which he complies; and accomplishes a turn with
considerable grace and gallantry, being all the time pre-
ceded, as before, by the ministers of state with their wax
tapers. This Polonaise the princess repeats with every
one of the princes present, ending with a Prince of Hol-
stein-Augustenburg, and when these evolutions are at an
end the prince bridegroom commences his performances
by requesting the hand of the queen, and dancing with
every princess in turn, so that he ended with the Princess
Liegnitz, the widow of the late king. Thus did these
unfortunate ministers perform the round of the White
Saloon full seventeen times, carrying their white tapers —
an exertion about equal to a good morning's shooting,
only not so wholesome. Two of the ministers on this
occasion excused themselves on the score of ill health,
and their places were filled up by the two eldest privy
councillors. When the terpsichorean efforts of the min-
isters of state and the royal family and guests are at
an end, the former precede the latter in procession to the
doors of the saloon, when they make over their tapers to
the pages in waiting, who continue to carry them in ad-
vance of the royal procession up to the apartments of the
queen, where they extinguish them at the door as the
procession passes in. At this point it is regarded in the
theory of the Court etiquette as though the newly mar-
ried couple have retired into private with their family.
The crown is removed from the bride's head; she changes
her dress, so that the body, with the jewels, can be re-
turned to the state jewel-office under escort; and after
the lapse of a short time the bride's first Lady-in-waiting
appears at the door of their private apartments, and dis-
tributes the bride's garter to the waiting cavaliers, who
scramble and scuffle for the honour of possessing a portion.
This remnant of the custom of a coarser age is managed
in a very inoffensive manner ; a blue riband fringed with
silver lace, and having the initials and coronet of the
bride embroidered in silver, is prepared in advance, and
carried by the lady-in-waiting in her pocket, together
with a pair of scissors. At the critical moment she draws
this riband from her pocket, holds it for an instant or
two against the bride's robe to identify it with her, and
then cuts it off in lengths, which are scrambled for. This
forms the close of the public ceremonial connected with
the marriage of a Prussian princess.
"The origin of this torch dance, which appears so
grotesque and barbarous, is certainly pre-Christian. It
is believed to be a tradition of the dances performed by
the Greeks in honour of Hymen, whose emblem was a
torch ; from Greece the practice was transplanted to Rome
with the Greek mythology, and thence carried by Con-
stantine the Great to Byzantium. From a perio'd even
prior to the Crusades the custom has been in force, if not
at all the courts of Germany, certainly at those of the
kings, electors, markgraves, and burggraves of this por-
tion of it ; and, while the nature and offices of the torch-
bearing individuals have changed with successive ages,
the one leading idea has remained unaltered, of the burn-
ing torch or taper carried in dancing measure before the
bridal couple in public, and extinguished at the moment
that they retire into privacy."
F. S. A.
HOGARTHIANA.
About two years ago I paid a visit to the
house at Chiswick in which Hogarth resided, oc-
casionally at least, during the last twenty years
of his life ; his town house, now the Sabloniere
Hotel, being in Leicester Square.
In the house itself, so far as I could find, there
were no memorials of the great artist. On the
lawn, in front of it, there was (and is still, I
think,) a very ancient mulberry tree, which, in
Hogarth's time, was struck by lightning, it is said ;
and the iron braces or girders, by which it is held
together, were made by his direction. In one
corner of the garden, there were two neat little
tombs (in true Oatlands1 style), with slabs in-
serted in the wall, in memory of two favourite
dogs. On one of these was inscribed : " Alas !
poor Dick," with the date 1764, and the initials of
Hogarth himself, / think : he himself died in the
same year. On the other slab was inscribed :
" Life to the last enjoy'd, here Pompey lies, 1790,"
— an evident adaptation of Churchill's epitaph
at Dover. Mrs. Hogarth died in 1789 ; but the
remembrance of the feud between Hogarth and
Churchill seems by this not to have died away
with the survivors of the household ! Where
Fop's tomb is I know not.
Over the stable, a very limited abode for some
two or three horses, a room was pointed out,
which I was informed had, for many years, been
the artist's studio. From the comparatively large
dimensions of the window (which, as seen from
the outside, appears to have replaced a smaller
one), I have little doubt that such is the fact. As
the stairs are narrow, his paintings, I presume,
would be let down through this window, for
transmission, in his carriage, to town.
His tomb, in Chiswick churchyard, has been
very substantially repaired, I am glad to say, and
that at the sole expence of Mr. Hogarth, of Aber-
deen ; a gratifying instance of genuine enthusiasm.
One of the workmen told me, that upon opening
the grave, the plates were found on the other
coffins, but that there was none on Hogarth's
coffin, which was smaller than the others. It is
not improbable that the plate was removed when
the grave was opened some twenty years ago. It
is a curious coincidence that, while these repairs
were going on, a great part of the garden wall at
Hogarth's house fell to the ground ; being blown
down by the violence of the wind, I think.
It is not very many years since that a car-
penter died in Chiswick, who used to say that,
when a boy, he had worked for Hogarth.
HENRY T. RILEY.
FORGERIES OF ROMAN COINS.
There are, doubtless, among the readers of
" N". & Q.," many who have given some amount
of attention to the study of these valuable memo-
rials of the past : not perhaps to the extent of
forming a large collection, a proceeding which in-
2** s. N' 47., Nov. 22. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
407
volves a considerable outlay ; the major part, in
all probability, confining themselves in the first
instance to the purchase of such as may now and
then be turned up in their own immediate neigh-
bourhood, and then occasionally adding one or
two from other sources, to fill up gaps in their
series ; or from their engaging the attention on
the score of beauty, or historic interest.
I may refer such as are disposed to ridicule
coin-collecting to Addison and others, for a refu-
tation of arguments which, after all, only arise
from a lack of reading and acquaintance with the
subject; but that the study of coins is on the in-
crease, the prices realised at the coin auctions of
the Messrs. Sotheby will abundantly testify.
The pecuniary value of the rarer Roman coins
has led to the fabrication of counterfeits, as most
tyros in coin collecting know to their cost. Few
cabinets are without one or two pieces which their
possessor suspects, and yet is afraid to banish, his
indecision arising from a want of comparison with
similar specimens elsewhere existing : for, of
course, two pieces from the same mould or die,
and possessing the same counterfeit imperfections
and peculiarities, would at once settle the diffi-
culty, such a coincidence never occurring with
genuine coins.
These counterfeits may be classed under four
general heads : —
I. Paduan or Dutch Imitations, but not gene-
rally copies of the antique. Of these the work-
manship is fine; but they are thinner, rounder,
and more regular than the genuine coins ; show-
ing generally traces of the file on their edges, and
always wanting the fine, hard, glazed, dark green
serugo, or patina, which so highly enhances the
beauty and value of an ancient medal. This is
common to all forgeries ; but it is often, though
unsuccessfully, attempted.
II. Cast Coins, mostly from genuine models —
though sometimes from the pieces just described —
known by their fainter half-melted appearance,
wanting the sharp finish of a well-struck-up coin.
If touched up with the graver, this may be dis-
tinguished with a good glass ; as may alsp the
hollowness of the ground of the coin in places, and
sand-marks and cracks, which, instead of being
irregular, winding, and terminating in thin threads,
are clearly made with the file, and consequently
straight and regular.
III. Altered Coins, perhaps the most deceptive
of all : one side being genuine, and the edge
indicating no attempt at deception. A Marcus
Aurelius is taken and altered on the obverse with
a graver into a Pertinax, a far rarer coin. A
Claudius of the colony of Antioch is speedily
transformed into -the much-coveted Otho. Here
again the glass will detect the traces of the tool,
and the hollowing of the field.
IV. Re-struck and Composite Coins, which are
either first defaced on the reverse, and the other
side being laid on a soft substance, a fresh and
perhaps unique reverse is stamped on with a die,
or else the reverse is carefully hollowed out, and
;he reverse of another reign artfully grafted in.
This is often done with such coins as have a por-
trait on either side, as Maximinus and Maximus
Daesar. A third method is to saw two commoner
coins in half, and transpose the reverses, making
;hereby two rare and curious. The want of cor-
respondence in design and execution of the two
'aces will detect the first two of these frauds.
The thin thread of white solder will appear in the
others, under the magnifier, together with the
lardly-to-be-defaced marks of the file.
Now what I am going to propose is, of course,
not applicable to the two latter divisions, as the
frauds therein described are practised on indivi-
dual coins ; but wherever a mould or die has been
made for the purpose of forgery, many casts must
have been produced to make the speculation pay.
May I solicit the favour, therefore, of opening
the pages of " N. & Q." to lists of known for-
geries of Roman coins, with their reverses,
iegends, and peculiarities, if any. A collector
of Roman coins may then compare these descrip-
tions with the coins he suspects in his own cabi-
net, and be enabled to eject at once those pieces
which as they are, are only a subject of annoy-
ance. I have already occupied too much space,
but I am ready to begin with a small list of such
forgeries as have fallen in my way.
E. S. TAYLOR.
Ormesby St. Margaret.
Locke : Aketiside.—LockQ is said to have written
some part of his Essay on the Human Understand-
ing at Bothal Castle, in Northumberland. Is
there any foundation for this tradition ?
Akenside wrote part of his Pleasures of the
Imagination at Morpeth, in Northumberland,
whose " limpid Wansbeck " he apostrophises.
HENRY T. RILEY.
The Boomerang : probably an early allusion to
it. — The following words in Pliny's Natural His-
tory, b. xxiv. c. 72. appear to me not improbably
to bear reference to the Boomerang, with which,
as we learn from recent discoveries, the people of
the East were acquainted. See Bonomi's Nineveh,
p. 136. He is speaking of the account given by
Pythagoras of the Aquifolia, either the holm-oak
or the°holly ; and proceeds to state that, accord-
ing to that author —
" Baculum ex ea factum, in quodvis animal emissum,
etiamsi citra ceciderit defectu mittentis, ipsum per sese
ctibitu propius adlabi; tarn prsecipuam naturam inesse
arbori."
408
NOTES AND QUERIES.
g. NO 47., Nov. 22. '56.
" If a staff made of this wood, when thrown at any
animal, from want of strength in the party throwing it,
happens to fall short of the1 mark, it will fall back again
towards the thrower of its own accord — so remarkable
are the properties of this tree."
This translation, be it observed, is given with
some diffidence, as the readings of the passage
vary, and it is probably in a corrupt state, " cu-
bitu " being given in some MSS. for " recubitu."
Pythagoras may probably have heard of it from
the Magi during his travels in the East, and, being
at a loss to understand how the wood could be
possessed of those properties with which the pecu-
liar formation of the boomerang endows it, may
have been induced to believe that this peculiarity
was owing to the nature of the tree.
HENRY T. RILEY.
Cambridge Jeu d1 Esprit. — My father, an old
Johnian, says he thinks that the following lines
were composed by William Wilson Todd, for-
merly of St. John's, sometime in the interval
1822-6 ; at all events, Todd was given to rhyming,
and the verses, as they lie before me, are in his
handwriting. The assumed author came from
Durham or Newcastle, and at the time of writing
was a sizar, a fact which explains the last three
lines.
" Such comical characters honour our table,
As never were heard of since Adam and Abel ;
Some wondrous witty — some poor silly elves,
Who are witty and learned alone to themselves ;
Some full of politeness, some rough as a boar,
In their outward appearance and manners much more^
Some carnally given to women and wine,
Some apostles of Simeon all pure and divine, —
Some poets whose brains are most vacantly wise,
Suspended halfway 'tween the earth and the skies.
Some stiff as a poker, some crooked as a pin,
And some like a skeleton, shamefully thin ;
Some fair as the cedars of Lebanon, some
As yellow and pale as the great China Chum ;
Some perfumed and scented — some dirty in knowledge,
As the gyps are with cooking the meat of the College.
All such characters scramble like dogs in the street,
To gnarl at the half-plundered relics of meat,
Which fall from the tables of wealthier Dons,
While we, like poor Lazarus, pick up the crumbs."
ST. JOHN.
Epitaph. — I copied the following lines lately
from a plain upright stone in the churchyard of
St. Thomas, at Hyde :
. " Calm on the bosom of thy God,
Fair Spirit ! rest thee now ;
E'en while with ours thy footsteps trod,
His seal was on thy brow.
Dust to its narrow house beneath,
Soul to its place on high !
They who have seen thy look in death
No more may fear to die."
The stone is inscribed to the memory of a
female named Ballard, who died at the age of
thirty-one, A.D. 1841. Most of your readers will,
I think, agree with me in pronouncing this epitaph
one of great beauty ; but the question is, are the
lines original ? N. L. T.
Mottoes for a Bibliographical Scrap-l>ooh. — For
some years I have been forming a book which
now proves of great service to me : it consists of
a collection of cuttings from Catalogues, giving
the titles of the most remarkable books treating
of such subjects as I feel most interested in, ar-
ranged in order under each head. The first two
mottoes I have prefixed to my Bibliotheca Selecta
on book-titles. The first is :
" Si Jeunesse savait, si Vieillesse pouvair, par Soulie,
Paris, 1844."
The second is :
" Le Roy's (Loys) Interchangeable Course of Variety
in the World, and the Concurrence of Armes and Learn-
ing ; moreover, whether it be true or no, that there can
be nothing sayd which hath not been sayd heretofore,
translated by K. Ashley. London, 1594. Folio."
The third is a remark of that extraordinary
man, John Henderson*, who, on Joseph Cottle
expressing his regret that he had not benefited
mankind by the result of his deep and varied in-
vestigations, replied, " More men become writers
from ignorance than from knowledge, not know-
ing that they have been anticipated by others.
Let us decide with caution, and write late."
ElRIONNACH.
White and Black Beans. — In 1643 a law was
enacted in Ipswich, Massachusetts, that white and
black beans should be used when voting, " the
white being yes, and the black no." W. W.
Malta.
On a Passage in Alfred's " Boethius" — In Mr.
Wright's work, entitled Biographia Britannica
Literaria, Anglo-Saxon Period, occurs the fol-
lowing :
" In the metrical version of the metres of Boethius, also
attributed to Alfred, the matter is placed quite in another
light; and Homer not only becomes Virgil's teacher, but
his friend also : —
" ' Homer was
in the east among the Greeks
in that nation
the most skilful of poets,
Virgil's
friend and teacher,
to that great bard
the best of masters.'
" We will, however, willingly relieve the Anglo-Saxon
monarch from all responsibility for this error, which
* John Henderson was born in Limerick in 1756, and
died at Oxford in 1788, in the thirty-second year of his
age. The only attempt to rescue this wonderful man from
oblivion, that" I am aware of, is the notice of him which oc-
curs in Cottle's Reminiscences of Coleridge, fyc., and Cottle's
Malvern Hills ; Poems and Essays. He is referred to in "N.
& Q.," 1st S. x. 26. A life of Henderson is a desideratum.
I should be glad to know whether he left any papers or
literary remains ; and whether any such be extant ?
2nd S. NO 47., Nov. 22. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
409
seems to have arisen from the misconstruction of Alfred's
words by some other person who was the author of the
prosaic verses that have hitherto gone under his name."
Is there really an error on the part of Alfred,
or "some other person"? Might not the writer
of the above verses (whoever he be) simply have
meant, that, as Virgil had been indebted to
Homer for so much of the materials from which
he wrote his epic, the latter might well be called,
not only the "master" and "teacher," but even
the "friend" of the former ?
In my humble opinion, it is not necessary to
suppose an error of such magnitude.
ALEX. THOMSON GRANT.
Aberdeen.
Derivation of "Pamphlet" — Dr. Richardson, in
his Dictionary, appears rather doubtful of the ety-
mology of the word pamphlet. Johnson derives it
from "par un filet," (held together) "by a thread,"
and quotes Caxton's " pawnflet " in support of his
derivation.
But in the " Boke of St. Alban's " in the Trea-
tyse of Fysshinge with an Angle, the author of the
book plumes himself (?) on the fact that his work
is composed of so large a volume, and that it is
not contained in any " lyttyl pZawnflet " which
might come into the hands of theprofanum vulgus.
Now, if you take from the three words " par un
filet," the letter i, you have left the word praun-
flet (the a succeeding the r instead of preceding
it) ; and praunflet, by the common change of r
into I (as from peregrinus into pi/grim, and in-
numerable other instances), becomes plaunflet.
In the only two French dictionaries I have seen
(each one in several volumes 4to.) the word is
oddly enough described as " un rn6fc Anglais."
Will any of your readers tell me from Ducange
or Menage whether their etymologies of it favour
the " par un filet " derivation ?
I ought to add that Mr. Halliwell's Archaic
Dictionary contains the word " parnfilet ; " all
which, I think, tends to show that " par un filet "
is the true source of the word, which is also con-
firmed by the meaning of its French equivalent,
brochure. S. SINGLETON.
Greenwich.
Merchant 's Mark. — Traces of many things that
have passed away from among us are still to be
found among our Teutonic cousins ; I have lying
before me the seal of a letter from a Wurtzburgh
merchant, on which is engraved a very perfect
merchant's mark, consisting of a heart, from which
a cross, surmounted by the figure 4, issues ; in the
broad part of the heart are the letters F P, each
in a circle, and at the point of the heart the letter
R, all in Roman capitals.
FRANCIS ROBERT DA VIES.
Lobositz, Bohemia.
MORE GOWER QUERIES.
The success which has attended my last in-
quiries^ respecting some words and phrases in
Gower's Confessio Amantis induces me to request
you to insert the following, as I desire to. ascer-
tain the meanings of the words in Italics : —
1.
" His herte is anabulla named,
Which is of great vertue proclamed."
2.
" His stone is honochinus hote,
Through which men worchen great riote."
3.
" Thre stones, whiche no persone
Hath upon erthe, and the first is
By name cleped licuchis.
4.
" Nectanabus, which causeth all
Of this metrede the substaunce."
5.
" And with this noise, and with this cry,
Out of a barge farste by,
Which hid was there on scomer-face,
Men sterten out and * * *."
6.
" There was nothing hem betwene,
But wowe to wowe and walle to walle."
F. R. DALDY.
Amphibious Animal in Scotland. — May I ask,
through your pages, whether the animal described
in the following paragraph is known to naturalists?
" A species of amphibious animal, apparently of the
rat kind, called ' Beothach an' f heoir,' is found in the
eddies of the higher regions (i. e. of Scotland), always in-
habiting the vicinity of the green patches round springs.
When a horse feeds upon the grass that has been recently
cropped by this animal, it swells, and in a short time
dies ; and the flesh is found blue, as if it had been bruised
or beaten." — Logan, Scottish Gael, vol. ii. p. 36.
I have asked after this animal from High-
landers, and though they believe there is some
such beast, I could never get any straightforward
account of it from them. E. H. KINGSLEY.
Sir Roger Ormston. — Sir Roger Ormston was
High Steward of the University of Cambridge,
and died in 1504. Any particulars respecting him
will be acceptable to
C. H. & THOMPSON COOPER.
Cambridge.
Kids, Battens, Tallet.—Why are sheaves of
straw called battens, and faggots of firewood de-
signated kids, in Shropshire and elsewhere ? And
what is tallet, as applied to a hay-loft, derived
from ? HUGH OWEN.
410
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd s. No 47., Nov. 22. '56.
" Horse- Godmother ^r-ln the north of Eng-
land a coarse, masculine woman is called a " horse-
godmother." What can be the origin of this
singular combination ? HENRY T. RILEY.
" The Woolgatherer." — Can any of your rea'ders
inform me who wrote The Woolgatherer, a series
of essays which appeared in the Athenceum for
1328? K-J.
Betterophon, Ovid. — It is a singular fact that,
though mentioned by Homer, the name of Belle-
rophon is never once introduced by Ovid into the
Metamorphoses, or any other of his works. By
most of the poets the possession of the talaria, or
winged sandals, is ascribed to Perseus^ while Bel-
lerophon mounts the winged Pegasus in his com-
bat with the Chimsera. Ovid seems to attribute
the use of both to Perseus, and would almost
appear to have considered him as the same per-
sonage with Bellerophon. See the Metamorphoses,
b. iv. 11. 665-6. and 1. 786. ; and the Amores, b.ui.
el. xii. 1. 24. Can any of your readers give a
better explanation of this circumstance ?
HENRY T. RILEY.
Scotch Pedigrees, — I shall esteem it a very
Great favour if any of your numerous readers will
inform me how a Scotch pedigree can best be
traced, before the date of the earliest parochial
registers, i.e. from about 1400 to 1600.
SIGMA THETA.
Munich Tune. — Will DR. GAUNT-LETT kindly
give us the origin of the tune called " Munich," a
long metre in the tunes published by him for the
Church Hymnal ? I am told it is to be found in
some very old selections ; but it is for the greater
part note for note with Meyerbeer's famous prayer
in the Huguenots. G. W.
"First of March." — Can any of your readers
inform me who is the author of the poem called
"First of March," beginning —
" The bud is in the bough,
And the leaf is in the bud,
And the earth is beginning now
In her veins to feel the blood."
I have heard it, and seen it, attributed to Mrs.
Hemans : the friend who favoured me with a copy
took it from a local newspaper — the Leeds Mer-
cury — several years ago, where it had her name
attached ; but I cannot find it in the edition of her
Works published by the Messrs. Blackwood, of
Edinburgh: who said, moreover, when asked, that
it was not hers. A. WALKER.
Bradford.
Regatta. — What is the origin of the word
"Regatta?" I see it is an Italian word, but I
wish to know where regattas were first held, and
their connection with royalty. N. G. T.
Cricket. — Can any of your readers find early
mention of the game of cricket ? It was played
at Eton in Horace Walpole's time. Can any one
enlighten us as to the other public schools ? I
have traced the game to 1685, in Sir E. Phillips.
I have also found it in Swift's John Bull.
THE AUTHOR or "THE CRICKET FIELD."
First Chimney in England. — What is the date
of the first chimney in England ?
A. HOLT WHITE.
Lindfield. — In Camden's Britannia by Gough
(SUSSEX), under this parish there is this entry :
" Where Holland says there was once a small
monastery." Can any of your readers supply the
reference, and give any further account of this
monastery, of which there is no trace in Dugdale ?
But there is a wood called Nunnery Wood, near
the village. MEMOR.
[The reference is to Camden's Britain, translated by
Philemon Holland, fol., 1610, p. 313.]
French Author and the Rabbinical Writers. —
In a MS. Sermon, which, among many others, I
have inherited, the following passage occurs :
" A learned French author says, that the Rabbinical
writers would not write pork or hell, but signified them
by saying that lie who eats something will be sent some-
zvhere ; yet they had no scruple to describe at great length
the ceremonies used in the worship of Baal-Peor."
I shall be obliged by reference to the " learned
French author," or the original rabbis. The for-
mer must be as remote as the early part of the
last century ; as the sermon's first endorsement
of the places at which it has been preached is,
" Calne, 2d S. post Trin., 1734." E. MOORE.
The Family of Ranby. — In Hogarth's Works
there is an etching of Mr. Ranby 's house at Chis-
wick, the mansion now occupied by Mr. Tuke.
Was this the Mr. Ranby who was surgeon to
George II. ? When did this family leave Chis-
wick ; and if not extinct, where is it now located ?
HENRY T. RILEY.
An Acoustic Query. — What is the greatest
known distance at which the human voice has
been distinctly heard ? Dr. Jamieson is some-
where said to have heard every word of a sermon
preached two miles off! I have listened to the
voice of the village " ranter" at half that distance ;
but all that was appreciable of his stentorian
efforts was a series of hoarse inarticulate vibra-
tions, " vox et prseterea nihil." Whether the
"sermon" alluded to was a specimen of such
village-green oratory, and whether those powers
of elocution were tested over land or water sur-
face, I know not. Be this as it may, the atmo-
spheric media must have been peculiarly favour-
able for such an experiment ; of course, in asking
for the maximum distance, I mean that only at
s. N' 47., Nov. 22. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
411
which the voice may be distinctly audible. The
voices of dogs have been heard at a vertical eleva-
tion of three or four miles. F. PHILLOTT.
"Irish Historical Library" — The late Mr.
Hardiman appended the following note to his
" Catalogue of Maps, Charts, and Plans relating to
Ireland, preserved amongst the Manuscripts in the Li-
brary of Trinity College, Dublin. 4to., Dublin, 1824" : —
" The printed maps of Ireland are numerous
On the subject of our printed charts and maps, much
valuable information may be anticipated from the learned
bibliographical researches of the [late] Rev. Edward
Groves, the result of which will shortly appear before the
public, in his Irish Historical Library, now at press."
Mr. Groves' researches have not appeared in
print. Where is the MS. ? And have we any
prospect of possessing a good Irish Historical Li-
brary f It is a desideratum in the literature of
the nineteenth century ; but not likely, in a pecu-
niary point of view, to be a profitable speculation.
ABHBA.
Mordecai Abbot, Esq. — Can any genealogical
contributor of " N. & Q." inform me what family
of Abbot this gentleman belonged to? He was
Receiver- General of the Customs in the reign of
Charles II.
A portrait of him exists by White, the eminent
engraver, bearing the following shield of arms :
Gules, a chev. between 3 pears, or. Crest, a uni-
corn's head, arg. between 2 ostrich feathers, or.
JOHN DE C.
Serjeant Trumpeter. — There was formerly in
the royal household an officer designated Serjeant
Trumpeter. I say was, because the name of the
individual holding it was, until the last two years,
inserted in the Directory, but is now not to be
found therein, which leads me to suppose that it
is abolished. I shall be glad to be informed if
such is the case, and also any information respect-
ing the emoluments, &c. of this post will be ac-
ceptable. X.
Lieutenant William Bligh. — Can any of your
correspondents inform me whether Lieutenant
William Bligh, who commanded the "Bounty,"
(and whose crew mutinied against him on April
28, 1789, after leaving Otaheite,) was married ?
and if so, to whom ? STIC.
Furious Cocks. —
" Memorable is the story of a cock which was stoned
by the sentence of the council for having killed a little
child."
So writes the learned Lightfoot, on Matthew
xxvi. 34., and his reference is to Jerus. Erubhin.,
fol. 26. 1. Instances of such a savage propensity
in these birds are not, I imagine, very frequent ;
and it may be worthy of record that a common
barn-door cock, of no very choice breed, flew on
the head of a little child about three years old in
my parish last Sunday, and made a most fierce
attack upon the little thing's face with its beak
and spurs. Providentially the 'child's father was
near at hand, and enabled to interfere for its pre-
servation, but not till some severe scratches had
been inflicted in the neighbourhood of the eyes.
C. W. BlNGHAM.
Nov. 8.
Gold at Hamburgh. — Weekly in the Wednes-
day's city article of The Times I read a paragraph
commencing in terms such as the following :
" By advices from Hamburgh the price of gold is 424
per mark" &c. &c.
Will you permit me, through the means of your
paper, to seek information as to what is to be
understood as the integer of which 424- is the
multiple ; and what is the mark ? The one, I
suppose, represents a certain currency value, and
the other a weight known to dealers in bullion ;
but I do not know. INQUIRER.
Print of St. Lawrence's Church, Reading. — •
Wanted an old print of St. Lawrence's Church,
Reading, and the adjacent buildings, drawn by
William Blakemore about 1760. Perhaps Mr.
Turnbull could assist me.
From Coates's Reading, p. 312., I make the fol-
lowing extract :
" In its original state the school-room was (an ecclesi-
astical building) very lofty ; probably the great hall of
St. John's Hospital. On the west side of the old town
hall appeared the traces of three large pointed windows,
reaching nearly to the setting on of the tiling ; which
may be seen in a view of St. Lawrence's Church and the
adjacent buildings, drawn by William Blakemore about
1760."
JULIA R. BOCKETT.
Southcote Lodge, Reading.
Mosaic Cabinet. — In the north-west gallery,
central transept, of the Crystal Palace, there
stands a piece of antique furniture, containing fif-
teen mosaic panels, in which are thirty birds, four
dolphins, and an urn. The tails of the birds and
fish branch out into scrolls of foliage and fancy
flowers. The panels are formed by borders of
leaves. Most of the birds are horned, have coro-
nets on their heads, and flowers in their mouths.
Can any of your readers state to what artistic
school it belongs, or where executed ? E. K.
Islington.
fnftfj
Bishops' Aprons. — Your valuable periodical
reaches us regularly in this city. Will you have
the kindness, for the benefit of one of your sub-
scribers, to say by what name the black silk ap-?
412
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd S. NO 47., Nov. 22. '56.
pondage worn in front by the bishops of the Church
of England is called ? * You are aware that these
venerable prelates, appear in the streets in the
dress usually worn by ecclesiastics, but with this
addition, which to the eyes of an uninformed^ laic
has the appearance of an apron. AN INQUIRER.
Charleston, South Carolina.
[This apron is nothing more than the short cassock,
and is not peculiarly a part of the episcopal dress ; for the
practice of the bishops wearing it only demonstrates
that they are attentive to the spirit of the 74th canon,
which extends its obligation, and forces its authority
alike on the dignitary, the priest, and the deacon. The
short cassock differs from the long one in its having no
collar or sleeves, and in its extending only about two
inches below the knees. It was so commonly used about
a century ago that there were then various kinds of
them made ; some adapted for riding, and others for
walking. Fielding relates, that Parson Adams both rode
and walked in his, as occasion served. And Savage, in
his satire The Progress of a Divine, 1735, after describing
his hero in his college progress, and taking his first de-
gree, proceeds —
" Let testimonials then his Avorth disclose,
He gains a cassock, beaver, and a rose."
Archdeacon Sharp, commenting upon the 74th canon,
says, " There are some parts of our peculiar dress, which
will at all times, and in all places, sufficiently distinguish
us from laymen, and which may without the least incon-
venience be worn on every occasion that calls us abroad,
and even upon journeys. Such badges of our order for
instance as the' band, hat-band, or short cassock : which
latter I the rather mention here, because it falls in with
one of the directions in this canon, .which is yet very
practicable as well as decent: viz. ' uti ne in publicum
nisi promissis vestibus induti prodeant : ' which ' pro-
missae vestes ' are interpreted in a marginal note by cas-
socks, and in the English version of the canon by a para-
phrase, which implies a liberty of wearing them short."]
Heralds' Visitation. — Perhaps you can inform
me if any other of the "Heralds' Visitations" than
Camden's (reprinted by the Camden Society) are
to be had in print ? N. E. P.
[The Visitations of Berkshire by Harvey, 1566 ; Cam-
den, 1623 ; and Bysshe, 1664, have been privately printed
by Sir Thomas Phillipps, Bart., who has also printed
Camden's Visitation of Cambridgeshire in 1619; Bysshe's
Visitation of Middlesex, 1663 ; and Camden's Visitation
of Somersetshire and Wiltshire, 1623: Flower's Visitation
of Durham, 1575, was printed at Newcastle-upon-Tyne
in 1820 ; St. George's Visitation of Durham, 1615, printed
at Sunderland in 1820. The Topographer for March, 1821,
privately printed by Sir Thomas Phillipps, Bart, contains
the Visitations of Hertfordshire and Cooke's of Oxford-
shire, 1574. The Visitation of Westmoreland, in 1615,
was printed in a narrative form by «T. G. Bell, in 1853.
An Index to the Warwickshire Visitation in the Harleian
Library has been privately printed by Sir Thomas Phil-
lipps, Bart. The Visitations of Lancashire, under the edi-
torship of Mr. Hibberd, are preparing for publication by
the Chetham Society. For these particulars we are in-
debted to Mr. Sims's useful Manual for the Genealogist,
Topographer, Antiquary, and Legal Professor, 1856.]
Captain Morris. — It is stated that this well-
known lyrist became before his death, not in name
only, but in reality, a man of deep religious feeling.
How far is this statement, which has been made
with great confidence, to be depended upon? T.
[Captain Charles Morris, whose convivial songs were
once in such high repute, died at Brockham Lodge, Dor-
king, in his ninety -third year, on July 11, 1838. Just
before his death he seems to have collected what he calls
" the trifling scraps of his humble muse," which were
published after his death, entitled, Lyra Urbanica ; or the
Social Effusions of the celebrated Captain Charles Morris,
of the late Life Guards, 2 vols. 8vo., 1840. In his Pre-
face " To the Public," he thus apologises for the careless
gaieties and sprightly fancies of his mirthful muse. " As
it will be seen, perhaps, that I make the quickening in-
spiration of wine the awakening cause of the heart's wor-
thiest emotions and sweetest gratifications, I must here,
in vindication, remark, that it is from a wish to give the
pensive, gloomy, world-worn breast a more gay and vivid
perception of the fair side of human condition, and aAvaken
it to a brighter aspect of Nature, that I recommend the
depressed spirit a sip of the care-repelling fountain ; but
not to dim the brightness produced from the sparkling
drop by the heavy clouds of intemperate stupidity. I
beg leave, at the same time, to add, that I am a professed
enemy to all excess, and abuse of the human faculties :
abhor the practice and despise the effect ; and, as a votary
of mirth and pleasure, I revolt at the sottish stupidity
and debasing shame, and would fly the brutal influence
as I would a contagion." At p. 332. of the second volume
of this collection are " Verses occasioned by an earnest
request from the Members of the Beef-Steak Society to
Captain Morris, then on the verge of ninety years of age,
to appear once more amongst them before he quitted
the world." Had the compiler of the interesting Hand-
Book of Dorking, 1855, seen the captain's prefatory re-
marks to his pieces, he would perhaps have modified in
some degree the following notice of him : " Brockham
Lodge was the residence of Captain Morice (sic), a lyric
bard, beloved by all convivial spirits, but religiously
shunned by the sober and serious portion of the commu-
nity. The popularity which he once possessed has con-
siderably diminished of late years; and justly so, for no
tolerance of feeling should ever forgive, except by for-
getting, the desecration of the noble gift of poesy."]
Durham University. — Can you afford me in-
formation respecting the University founded at
Durham by Oliver Cromwell in the year 1657 ?
It would not merely confer a personal favour
upon myself, but would also materially benefit
many others who take an interest in the present
University, and in the history of its antecedents.
DUNELMENSIS.
The Castle, Durham.
[A writ of privy seal for founding an university at
Durham was signed by Oliver Cromwell, May 15, 1657.
This university, rather intended to be founded than
actually settled, was soon suppressed. The original writ
is preserved in the archives of the Dean and Chapter of
Durham. It had been obtained by The Humbh Desires
of the Gentlemen, Freeholders, and Inhabitants of the
County and City of Durham, fol. 1652, a copy of which is
in the British Museum. George Allan, of Darlington,
published in 1777, " The Recommendatory Letter of Oliver
Cromwell to William Lenthall, Esq., Speaker of the House
of Commons, for Erecting a College and University at
Durham, and his Letters Patent (when Lord Protector)
for founding the same," &c. This Letter is in the Gren-
ville library at the British Museum. It appears to have
been suppressed on account of petitions against it from
2nd S. N° 47., Nov. 22. '56.]
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
413
the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge. Master
George Fox, the founder of the Quakers, however, as-
sumed to himself the merit of having been the means of
suppressing this University. " We came to Durham,"
says he, " where Avas a man come down from London to
set up a college there to make ministers of Christ, as they
said. I went with some others' to reason with the man,
and to let him see, that to teach men Hebrew, Greek, and
Latin, and the seven arts, which was all but the teach-
ings of the natural man, was not the way to make them
ministers of Christ ; for the languages began at Babel ;
and to the Greeks, that spake Greek in their mother-
tongue, the cross of Christ was but foolishness ; and to
the Jews that spake Hebrew as their mother-tongue,
Christ was a stumbling-block; and as for the Romans,
who had the Latin and Italian, they persecuted the
Christians ; and Pilate, one of the Romans, set Hebrew,
Greek, and Latin, a-top of Christ when he crucified him ;
and John the Divine, who preached the Word that was
in the beginning, said that the beast and the whore had
power over tongues and languages, and they are as
waters. Thus I told him he might see the whore and
the beast have power over the tongues, and the many
languages which are in Babylon. Now, said I to the
man, dost thou think to make ministers of Christ by the
natural confused languages which sprang from Babel, are
admired in Babel, and set a-top of Christ by a persecutor?
Oh no ! So the man confessed to many of these things ;
and when we had thus discoursed with him, he became
very loving and tender, and after he had considered
farther of it, he never set up his college."]
Henry Justice, Fellow Commoner of Trin. Coll.
Cambridge. — This person was convicted of steal-
ing books from Trinity College Library, in the
earlier part of last century, (about 1730, 1 believe),
and was sentenced to be transported to his Ma-
jesty's Plantations. Of what family was he a
member ? What eventually became of him, and
when and where did he die ? HENRY T. RILEY.
[Henry Justice, of the Middle Temple, was tried at the
Old Bailey on May 8, 1736, for stealing books out of
Trinity College library, Cambridge. He pleaded, that in
the year 1734 he was admitted fellow- commoner of the
said College, whereby he became a member of that cor-
poration, and had a "property in the books, and therefore
could not be guilty of felony. The jury found him guilty,
and he was sentenced, on May 10, to be transported to
some of his Majesty's plantations in America for seven
years. Here we lose sight of him.]
" Armelle Nicolas' Confession."" — " Armelle
Nicolas " is a name known in German devout vo-
lumes, and it is mentioned in the last volume of
Wesley's Works. I wish to discover an English
poem, translated from her German, called " Ar-
melle Nicolas's Confession of Faith:" it begins
thus :
"To the God of my life, in the morning, said she," &c.
and I shall be much obliged if any person will let
me know where it may be found. C. P. BROWN.
E. I. Club, St. James's Square.
[There was a French girl of the name of Armelle Ni-
colas, born Dec. 19, 1606, and died Oct. 24, 1671, whose
life was published in France, and an abridged translation
in English at Bristol in 1772, entitled Life of Armelle
Nicolas, commonly called The Good Armelle, a poor Maid-
Servant in France who could not read a letter in a booh,
and yet a noble and happy Servant of the King of Kings.
There is no mention of any poem by her in this work, nor
in the account of her in the Biographic Universelle, Sup-
plement, vol. xx. p. 366.]
Lord Halifax ; Henry Carey ; Edmund Kean. —
Henry Carey was said to have been an illegiti-
mate son of George Savilc, Marquis of Halifax.
Is it known who was his mother ? Macaulay says,
in one of his last volumes, that Edmund Kean
was said to have been a descendant of the same
peer. If so, by whom ? and what was the exact
relationship (in fact, not in law,) of Kean to
George Savile ? HENRY T. RILEY.
[Henry Carey, musical composer and poet, was an ille-
gitimate son of George Savile, Marquis of Halifax (his
mother's name still remains a query), and left a son
George Savile Carey, also a lyrist, whose daughter mar-
ried Edmund Kean, an architect. The issue of this mar-
riage was Edmund Kean, the late celebrated actor.]
Hieronymus Radiolensis. — Who was Hierony-
mus Radiolensis, from whom Southey quotes in
The Doctor, vol. v. p. 240., 2nd edition ?
W. T. M.
Hong Kong.
[Hieronymus Radiolensis was a monk of the Order
of V allumbrosa in the latter half of the fifteenth century.
He was the author of the Miracles of St. Gualbert, in
three books, printed in Acta Sanctorum, July 12th. The
passage quoted by Southey commences part i. of book iii.
p. 440. He also wrote a compendium of the Life of To-
relli, in the same work, March 16th, p. 504.1
CARICATURES.
(2nd S. ii. 329.)
The title of the book inquired after by E. H. A.
is :
" A Political and Satyrical History of the Years 1756,
1757, 1758, and 1759, in a series 'of one hundred humor-
ous and entertaining Prints, &c., in two parts."
The first part contained seventy-five prints, and
referred only to the years 1756 and 1757; the
second part contained twenty-five prints referring
to 1758 and 1759.
These prints, or the greater part of them, were
originally printed and circulated upon cards.
Walpole in his Memoirs of Geo. 12., vol. ii. p. 68.,
under the date 1756, says :
" A new species of satiric prints now first appeared, in-
vented by Geo. Townsend ; they were caricatures on cards.
The original one, which had amazing vent, was of New-
castle and Fox looking at each other, and crying with
Peachum in the Beggar's Opera, ' Brother, Brother, we are
both in the wrong.' "
This volume was " Printed for E. Maris, near
St. Paul's."
I have a copy of the fifth edition, called vol. i. :
414
NOTES AND QUERIES.
S. N° 47., Nov. 22. '56.
the year 1760 is added, and the series consists of
104 prints. This was "Digested and published
by M. Darly, at the Acorn in Ryders Court,
Cranborn Alley, Leicester Fields."
The second volume of this edition had been
originally published with the title of —
" A Political and Satyrical History Displaying the un-
happy Influence of SCOTCH PREVALENCY in the years
17G1, 1762, and 1763, being a regular series of ninety-six
humorous, transparent, and entertaining Prints."
Some of these prints are folding, and are num-
bered with two consecutive numbers : some are
nlso transparent, and have e'ach four numbers.
Thus the numbers (not the prints) run up, in the
two volumes, to 200.
These volumes are rare, even in an imperfect
state, and very rare when perfect.
EDW. HAWKINS.
ARTILLERY.
(2nd S. ii. 328.)
Subjoined are two lists of parish armour, as it
existed about two hundred years ago in the con-
tiguous parishes of Ecclesfield and Sheffield, which
I think will show what was the kind of artillery
then in use. The first list is from an original do-
cument in Ecclesfield parish chest ; the other is
from Hunter's Hallamsliire, p. 105. :
"Pishe Armor [1616].
Costelhetes with lieade peces and all thinges be-
longing __...- iiij
Muskytes - - iij
Callyveres - - - - ij
Bandeleres, with Charges - ij
Swordes - vij
Gyrdelles - - - - ij
Ileadepeces - _ - - - yj
fflaxes & C'uch boxes - - iij
One Jacke - - - - j
A Longe bowe and Arrowes.
One headpecc to ye Jack.
Pyckes - ... iiij
One pcare of pannyavs.
Muskyet Fvestes - - - -iij"
" Arms belonging to the Township of Sheffield, A.D. 1615.
3 corslets.
8 headpieces.
4 musketts.
1 Caliever.
9 Swords & 3 girdles & hangers.
4 Muskett rests.
5 bandilieross.
5 pikes.
5 flaxes.
5 tuch-boxes, & 2 paire of bullett moodes.
And of old armour :
8 daggers & 8 girdles.
3 corsletts.
3 headpieces & 2 old calivers."
The first mention of armour in the Ecclesfield
parish accounts is in 1590 :
" To Thomas Crosleye for dressinge the armor, iijs."
Again, 1592 :
" Thos. Crossley for hys whole yeres wages for kepinge
the armor, viij3.
1605:
" Payd to Brodely for dressinge the p'ishe Armor £
laying yt in showdes the ix of June, 1605, viijd."
Query, what are showdes f
J. EASTWOOD.
D. W. asks what artillery was used 200 years
ago for shooting at Town-butts ? The answer is
the long-bow.
As late as the reign of James I. the word " ar-
tillery " meant any instrument for the projecting
of missiles. Thus in the authorised version of the
Bible of 1611, in the 20th chapter of the First
Book of Samuel, after stating that Jonathan di-
rected a lad to pick up his arrows, it is added at
v. 40. : " And Jonathan gave his artillery unto
his lad," evidently meaning his bow, as the lad
had already got the arrows.
Sir Samuel Meyrick, in his Treatise on Ancient,
Armour (vol. ii. p. 296.), says :
" The Honourable Artillery Company of London was
instituted by Henry VIII., in the year' 1537, for the en-
couragement of Archery. The fraternity were also au-
thorised to exercise themselves in shooting with lonq-bows,
cross-bows, and hand-guns, at all manner of marks and
butts."
By the Statute 3 Henry VIII. chap. 3., all men
under the age of forty, some certain persons only
excepted, were ordered to have bows and arrows,
and to use shooting, and the inhabitants of every
city, town, and place, were to erect butts and
use shooting on holidays, and at every other con-
venient time. F. A. CARRINGTON.
Ogbourne St. George.
In "the King's Majestie's declaration to his
subjects concerning lawful sports to be used,"
published in 1618, in a pamphlet of nine pages
(and thence called King James' Book of Sports),
republished by King Charles in 1633, and by an
ordinance of Parliament in 1643 burnt by the
common hangman, one of the lawful recreations
mentioned, from which none were to be dis-
couraged in their own parish, after the ending of
Divine service, upon the Sunday's afternoon, was
" archerie for men ; " and, as the word " artillery "
was formerly applied to signify all missile weapons
and the machinery for projecting them, the an-
swer to D. W.'s inquiry, what kind of artillery
was used 200 years ago for practising at the Town-
butts, will probably be " bows and arrows." Such
seems to have been the common application of
the word about the period in question. For in
2nd s. NO 47., Nov. 22. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
415
the authorised translation of the Bible in 1611, it
is substituted as a preferable rendering of the
word which in our former versions had been
translated "weapons" and "instruments," — "And
Jonathan gave his artillery unto his lad, and said
unto him, go, carry them to the city ; " meaning
the bow and arrows he had brought with him to
make the concerted signal, in the field, to David.
1 Sam. xx. 40. The previous translations had
been, in Coverdale, 1535, "his wapens; " in Mat-
thews, 1537, and in Cranmer, 1539, " his wepons ; "
in the first and second Bishops' Bible, 1568 and
1572, " instrumentes ; " and in the Genevan, 1560,
** bowe and arrowes." V. F. S.
Two hundred years ago artillery meant (amongst
other things) bows and arrows, as may be seen by
comparing 1 Sam. xx. 40., " And Jonathan gave
his artillery unto his lad," &c., with the preceding
narrative. J. EASTWOOD.
LETTER TO LORD MONTEAGLE AND LADY SELBY.
(2nd S. ii. 248. 314.)
Some weeks since, my friend Major Luard (the
present occupier of Ightham Mote, and husband
of the presumptive heiress,) drew my attention to
an incised slate slab which he had discovered in
the dark recess behind Lady Selby's bust, on the
monument in Ightham Church. He represented
it as detailing the history of Guy Fawkes.
The recent discussion in " N. & Q." making me
anxious to ascertain if this slab could throw any
light on the question, I accompanied my gallant
friend to the church last week, and found it to be
as he had represented.
By the aid of his skilful pencil I am in posses-
sion of an exact copy of the slab, which I purpose
to have lithographed for distribution among our
antiquary friends.
It seems merely intended as an illustration of
the inscription given in " 1ST. & Q." (2nd S. ii. 248.)
That inscription has been for many years known
to me ; and, till the question was raised by MAG-
DALENENSIS, I have never interpreted it as implying
anything more than that Lady Selby had worked
in tapestry representations of The Golden Age,
the Story of Jonah, and that of Guy Fawkes.
Now, on the tomb, in a recess behind Lady Selby's
bust, we find coloured plaister work, moulded in
relief, representing Adam and Eve in Paradise
(the woman rising from Adam's ribs ; the for-
bidden tree ; savage and domestic animals roam-
ing in harmony, &c.). This answers to The
Golden Age of the inscription.
Beneath this comes our incised slab ; on which,
on the left, is the Papal conclave, seated in
council before the Pope: the Devil peering at
them through the canopy, and Guy Fawkes re-
ceiving his commission, in the form of a sealed
diploma. On the right, he is proceeding, lantern
in hand, towards the powder casks, to execute
this commission.
This is "the plot," which her "art" disclosed.
Methinks the expression "art" suffices to limit
the meaning of the writer to an effort of manual
skill on the part of the lady.
The position of the incised slab, at the back of
the monumental bust, renders it difficult to see all
that may be engraved on it. Further inspection
may bring to light a representation of the " acts
of Jonah," even if something of the sort be not
intended by the ships and sporting fish which
occupy the space between the left and right por-
tions of the story of Guy Fawkes, as detailed
above, although the inscriptions would certainly
seem to indicate the destruction of the Armada,
as the subject of this part of the picture. This,
however, must remain in doubt till permission
can be obtained to move the bust, arid thus lay
open the entire slab. Enough, however, is seen to
warrant the inference that the purport of those
who designed this monument was to immortalise
Lady Selby as "« Dorcas :" first, by the inscrip-
tion ; and then, by a sketch of the works detailed
therein.
C. DE D. mentions tapestry at the Mote. There
is none there now : and, as far as family tradition
extends, the only tapestry ever there, represented
far different subjects from these ; but of this we
must not pretend to speak with certainly. It
would lengthen this article too much were I to
give minuter details of the figures, mottoes, &c.
on the incised slab. The above will suffice for
the purpose in view, viz. to enable your readers
to see how this monument bears upon the ques-
tion recently opened in your columns, as to Lady
Selby being the writer of the letter to Lord Mon-
teagle; the solitary authority for her having writ-
ten it (as far as I have been able to discover) is
the expression of the inscription " whose arts dis-
closed that plot," &c.
May not this question very naturally be asked, —
If Lady Selby's authorship of the letter was a fact
so notorious in her family as to be recorded by
them on her monument, is it possible that it
could have remained wholly unknown to the
public ? and is it likely that such signal service
to the State would have remained unrewarded
and unhonoured ?
Surely it is utterly impossible that the historian
should have vainly searched for the revealer of
the plot, while all the time the secret was not
confined to her own breast. The letter was pro-
bably written by a confederate, who let the secret
of his treachery be buried with him in his grave.
L. B. L.
416
NOTES AND QUERIES.
>* S. N° 47., Nov. 22. '56.
PAGAN PHILOSOPHER : AUTHOR OF SIR SIMON
LEAGUE*: RAB1GER.
(2nd S. ii. 150.)
"Aiart STJ oZv avrbj /tev 6 TOLVTOL Spwv etSajAoTroib? dvrjp eav-
eiScoAois, leal fjiovr) rfj e/ui(|)d<re«, rfjs £<«)•»;? eTTirrveo/meVois,
eTricr/ceuacrT^ »cal iroXveifiei (ruveYO/ieVois e£<a0ev, e<f>e-
/xe'pots re dTe'x>"«>S ovcrty, dTroTriorevwi' dtaiverai ; norepov TOV
yvrjffiov KOL dA.7j0es ev avrais VTrdp^ei ; dAA.' ovfiec rail/ virb dv-
flpwjrij/Tj? rexvtyS (rvjuiTrAaTTQ/aeVaji'. eiAiKpive? cart /cat Ka.6a.p6v,"
— Jamblichus de Mysteriis, cxxix. p. 99., ed. Gail, Oxon.,
1678.
If the author had read the whole of this short
and curious chapter, he would have found that by
etSw'Aa the "Pagan Philosopher" did not mean
graven images, but the magical phantasms pro-
duced by fumigation, which, he says, are less
durable than the reflections in a mirror, and are
lost as the smoke is diffused.
I have not been at Upsala, but I know Utrecht
and its cathedral. In Murray's Handbook for
Holland and Northern Germany it is said :
" The lofty choir is a fragment of a noble Gothic edi-
fice, the finest church in Holland; but it has suffered
much from fanatic iconoclasts and modern pewing, and
high wood-work, in the conventicle style, which hides its
beautifully-clustered Gothic pillars of great height and
lightness. They have, too, been sadly cut away to admit
the upper seats, which are arranged like those of a lecture
theatre."
The author of The Enquiry, $-c., perhaps thinks
this not enough ; but the music which I heard
there might have satisfied Knox, if taken as a
protest against harmony and melody. The cathe-
dral was well filled, and the congregation sung
from their psalm-books, with no particular atten-
tion to the organ. Those who had finished the
line courteously waited for those who had not,
before beginning the next. All opened their
mouths to the fullest stretch, and each roared as
if he felt that beating the organ depended on his
individual exertions. The organist slipped in a
few notes between the lines. He and his instru-
ment were out of place. A railway whistle or a
bagpipe might have suited such a choir, and have
satisfied the tastes and consciences of those who
mistake bare walls and bad psalmody for signs of
Protestantism. H. B. C.
U. U. Club.
tfl
Bashett, Bashett, De la Beche (2nd S. i. 457.) —
It is possible that your correspondent may find
some clue to the origin of this name by consult-
ing Section 4. of the Laws of Edward the Con-
fessor, re-enacted by William the Conqueror. On
referring to the three copies of these laws, as given
by Selden in his Notes to Eadmer (including the
one from Ingulph's Chronicle), we find it enacted
that an offender guilty of larceny " shall restore
the chattel for which he was arrested, and shall
pay twenty solidi for his head, four denarii to the
keeper of the prison (al ceper), and one maille or
obolus, pur la besche"
It seems pretty evident that the last words bear
reference to some officer, connected with the
prison, and of inferior rank to le ceper, the go-
vernor of the prison, and this too in England in
the time of Edward the Confessor. The only
question is what the nature of this office was, and
in quest of this information I have consulted Du
Cange and other authorities in vain. Neither
Selden nor Sir F. Palgrave attempts an explana-
tion. My own impression is, that La besche was
the name given to the spade-man of the prison, or,
in other words, the gardener, who would have
the more unpleasant duty, occasionally, of grave-
digger to perform. In later times La besche
would be transformed into De la beche, and the
name, on being Latinized, would assume the form
of Baschatus, whence probably the present names
Bashett and Bashett.
Perhaps some of your readers will kindly favour
me 'with their opinion as to the office meant by
La besche. HENRY T. RILEY.
Kemeys Family (2nd S. ii. 249.) — G. S. S. may
wish to learn that an Edward Kemeys was com-
mander of an army under Dru de Baladun, at the
conquest of Upper Gwent ; and that from him the
still existing church of Kemeys, in Monmouth-
shire, is supposed to be called " Kemeys Com-
mander." An early branch of the same family
was the Martins, Lords of Kemeys in 1215, at the
Castle at Newport in Pembrokeshire. C. G.
Paddington.
Lepell' s Regiment (1st S. vii. 501.)— The fol-
lowing extract from a letter of the famous Sarah
Jennings, Duchess of Marlborough, may not
prove uninteresting to J. K. :
" What I am going to say I am sure is as true as if I
had been a transactor in it myself, and I will begin the
relation with Mr. Lepell, my Lord Fanny's wife's father,
having made her a cornet in his regiment as soon as she
was born ; and she was paid many years after she was a
Maid of Honour. She was extreme forward and pert, and
my Lord Sunderland got her a pension from George I.,
it being too ridiculous to continue her any longer an
officer in the army."
The lady referred to was the celebrated Mary
Lepell, daughter of Brigadier- General Lepell.
Her husband was John Lord Hervey, author of
the Memoirs, well known by his nickname at
Court of Lord Fanny. BURIENSIS.
Bandalore : Robespierre (2nd S. ii. 350.) — If
MR. RILEY had stated the date of the " almanack "
he refers to, it might have facilitated the solution
of his question; but, as it is, I think I may venture
to say that Robespierre no more invented this toy
than gunpowder, and I regret that MR. RILEY has
2nd S. NO 47., Nov. 22. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
417
not stated where he found any trace of an idea
that seems to me so paradoxical. I remember
what I believe to have been the first appearance
of the toy about 1790, or a year or two later; it
was then called a quiz, and everybody used to play
with it everywhere, even while walking in the
streets ; and I have not only heard but read that
the Duke of Wellington, when a very young
officer, was peculiarly adroit at managing it. It
was long after that I heard it called the " banda-
lore," which was, I think, its French name. C.
" Chara valeto. Chara vale, sed non (sternum "
(2nd S. ii. 289.) — Whence this line ? It occurs
not. Bishop Lowth's epitaph on " a favourite
daughter who died young," runs something like it :
" Cara, vale, ingenio prsestans, pietate, pudore,
Et plusquam natse nomine cara, vale.
Cara Maria vale ! at veniet felicius asvum,
Quando iterum tecutn sim, modo dignus ero.
Cara redi, laeta turn dicam voce, patera os
Eja age in am plexus, cara Maria, redi."
But a nearer similitude will be found in an
epitaph on a monument in the church of Bris-
lington, near Bristol, the subject of which is a
son, who died early, of consumption :
" Care vale ; sed non aaternum ; care valeto,
Namque iterum tecum sim, modo dignus ero.
Turn nihil amplexus poterit divellere nostros:
Nee tu marcesces, nee lachrymabor ego."
B.
Archer, the English Sirname (2nd S. ii. 350.) —
I know not what answer can be made to J. B. S.'s
question as to this " English szrname " (swrname),
except that it seems to be of the same class as
Bowman, Speerman, Gunner, Baker, Butcher,
Sadler, and hundreds of others derived from
trades or professions. There was a short-lived
peerage in the Worcestershire family of the name,
created in 1747, and extinct with the second
lord in 1778, s. p. m. The estates, I think, passed
into the Downshire family. C.
Saguntum Sword Blades (2nd S. ii. 172. 356.) —
Sahagun derives its name and its celebrity from
Saint Facundus (a Spanish general), who was
martyred there, Nov. 17, 140, (some say 139, others
180). San Facundo, phacundo, hacundo, ha-
gundo, hagund, hagun — Sanhagun, Sahagun.
R. S. CHARNOCK.
I have often wished for information upon this
subject, as I never heard of any manufactory of
sword blades at this place. I can, however, assure
CACADORE that the name is frequently impressed
on blades. One in my collection is a heavy two-
edged broadsword, with a perforated shell. The
blade is impressed with a fox and two shields,
both surmounted by a crown ; one on each side,
close to the tang. On one is a capital P, the
other bears the arms of Amsterdam. The legend
reads : • '.- SAHAGOM • '„• It is the style of weapon
usually placed in the hand of Peter the Great in
his portraits. I have another example as well : —
a cut and thrust walking rapier, with flamboy-
ant blade and brass hilt, about the time of Wil-
liam and Mary. The inscription on this is —
V S.A.H.A.G.V.M V
I fancy few collections of arms are without
examples. The blades generally appear very
good. W. J. BERNHARD SMITH.
Temple.
t
Aneroid (2nd S. ii. 337.) — The more probable
derivation of this word is a and vnpbs, humidus,
(see Liddell and Scott) whence Nereus, and the
modern Greek vepbs. VACUUM.
It seems a pity that any of your correspondents
(however learned) should continue to send you
what " they believe " to be the etymology of this
word, as the question is much more historical
than philological. Probably all persons agree in
considering the word to be a faulty and barbarous
one, to which the ordinary rules of etymology do
not apply ; and therefore the only way of arriving
at the real derivation is to see the meaning which
the inventor himself wished the word to bear. I
would therefore again inquire, 1. Where the word
is first used ? 2. Who is the inventor of it ? and
3. What is the derivation given by the inventor
himself? M. D.
Ministers of St. James1, Clerhenwell (2nd S. ii.
309.) — In my interleaved copy of Pennant, the
required names are thus given :
"Dewel Peed, elected 1691, died 1725-6.
Charles Lee, died 1743, succeeded by Gilbert Burnet.
1746, John Doughty.
William Sellon, 1757, died 1790."
EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
"Radchenister" or " Madman" (2nd S. ii. 353.)
— This word signifying, according to Ducange,
liber homo, may find its derivation partly from the
Celtic. In Welsh Rhad signifies free, which,
added to the Saxon man or kin, would give the
above \words.
It is probable that in like manner the correlative
term soc-man is formed from the Celtic swch, a
ploughshare ; and that the Latin soca, and French
soc, a plough, have a common origin in the older
Celtic.
The terms radman, or radkin, and socman, were
Srobably first applied to different classes of the
eltic population of Britain by their native name,
and thus gradually crept into the phraseology of
feudal law. EDEN WARWICK.
Birmingham.
Spelman, in his Glossarium Archaiologicum,
notices this office under the heads " Radenites,"
418
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd s. NO 47., Nov. 22. '56.
" Radechenistres," and " Rodknightes." Under
the last head he explains the office thus :
" Vassalli seu clientes erant equestres, qui equitantem
dominum suum, vel uxorem ejus, ex more inter eos pacto
subsequuti sunt ; et quasi satellitio suo cingebant," &c.
The whole of Spelman's notices would be too long
for insertion. LOUISA JULIA NORMAN.
Horse-Racing on the Cotswolds, Gloucestershire
(2nd S. ii. 352.) — The first mention I find of
races on these hills is in the London Gazette of
Monday, May 7, 1677, wherein it is stated that a
plate would be run for at Cerney Downs, within
two miles of Cirencester; and about five years
after, viz. Thursday, April 27, 1682, the London
Gazette announces that a plate (a 401. plate)
would be run for on Cirencester Downs on
May 24th, being Holy Thursday Eve, — the riders
to be gentlemen weighing fourteen stone.
Respecting races at Tetbury, I cannot satisfy
the Query of your correspondent ; but I find by
the Public Advertiser of Aug. 20, 1755, that at the
meeting there, on the 7th of that month, the 501.
plate was won by Lord Chedworth's bay horse,
Foxhunter. I believe these races were discon-
tinued about the close of the last century, and
were superseded by the celebrated races at Kings-
cote Park, the seat of the late Robert Kingscote,
Esq. Bibury races, on the same hills, where
there were only gentlemen-riders, and which were
most fashionably attended, also helped with
Kingscote to render Tetbury races unnecessary.
2.
Writers bribed to Silence (2nd S. i. 471.; ii.
18.) — Among these writers, if report says true,
we may include Dr. Wolcott, alias " Peter Pin-
dar," who had a pension given him, it is said, on
condition that he should write no more in abuse
of the king, George III. HENRY T. RILEY.
Meaning of Lecherstone (2nd S. ii. 290.) — MR.
WARWICK does not seem to be aware that in the
Scoto-Cehic dialect the word baine, or vaen, means
white, as in Donald baine, Fair Donald, King Dun-
can's younger son (b and v are used indiscrimin-
ately), and moine-vaen means the white moss, a
place in Atholl forest, where, under the peat, is a
pure white sand. I therefore conceive that a
" tautological etymology " is out of the question,
and that Llech-vaen means the white stone or
slab, and that, in contradistinction to red stones,
of which there are many, such as that large one at
Rudston, in the East Riding of Yorkshire, from
which stone the place evidently takes its name.
It is not called Llech, as it is an upright long, and
not a flat stone. Clach is the ordinary word in
the Scoto-Celtic for a stone in general — carrig or
craig for a rock. Llech means, as is stated, " a
flat stone or tablet," — also a slab and a slate.
How much of the etymology of leckerstones may
be due to the flat stone, and how much to the
corpse laid upon it, it seems difficult to determine.
J. S. s.
Notes on Regiments (2nd S. ii. 35, &c.) — The
uniform of the 50th Regiment was red faced with
black and silver lace, which sombre colours or
bad assortment gave the regiment at all times an
uncleanly appearance, whence it had been deno-
minated the Dirty Half Hundred ; but ever after
the glorious charge led on by Col. Walker at
Vimiero, in its place stands the Gallant 50th. —
See Landman's Recollections, ch. xiii.
The 29th Regiment was the last in the Penin-
sular army to retain the queue. — Ib. ch. v.
When the Duke of York was appointed Com-
mander-in-chief, one of his first orders was, that
all officers should join their respective regiments
within six months after being gazetted. This
measure put an end to the purchase of commis-
sions for children as a good investment of money.
— Ib. c. iii.
The " Cumberland Cap " was worn so lately as
1785, when Mr. A. Stephen saw it in use at Ayls-
ham. — Gent. Mag., Dec. 1845.
I give references for my present notes ; the
former memoranda which I communicated were
gathered in conversation from military friends. I
state this, as I was acquainted long since with the
works to which " MILES " and other correspon-
dents refer me, for what they consider better in-
formation. MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A.
Colonel Cleland (2nd S^ ii. 351.)— MR. RILEY,
by the heading of his notice of the Memoirs of a
Woman of Pleasure, would seem to intimate that
it was written by Colonel Cleland. The real
writer of this infamous publication — still, I am
sorry to say, exhibited in the windows of Holy-
well Street — was John Cleland, a son of the
friend and correspondent of Pope. A short notice
of Cleland's Works may be seen in John Nichols's
Anecdotes of Bowyer, 4to., 1782, p. 366.
EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
Some of your correspondents seem interested in
the history of John Cleland. An accidental coin-
cidence, in an article printed almost parallel to
MR. RILEY' s remarks (p. 351.), reminds me that
in Sir W. Hamilton's review of " Thomson's life
of Dr. W. Cullen," (to be found in the volume of
Sir W. Hamilton's reprinted works on Philosophy,
Sfc.) there is some notice of a relationship between
the Doctor and Mr. Cleland, the " Will. Honey-
comb " of the Spectator ; and also of a Capt. Cle-
land, another relation. I do not know whether
this will be of any value to MR. RILEY ; but at
all events, I thought it might be worth while in-
troducing it to his notice, on the chance. " Cle-
land," I suppose, is a corruption of "Cleveland."
K. E. P.
2nd g. N° 47., Nov. 22. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
419
Symbols of Saints (2nd S. ii. 288. 339.) —It has
occurred to me, since my communication, at the
page last quoted, that the figure in question may
have been intended for St. Mary Magdalen of
Pazzis. I have an engraving of that saint, where
she appears in her religious habit, and presses a
cross to her breast, but it is quite plain. She is
also crowned with thorns, and is adoring before
the Blessed Sacrament, from which rays of light
are darting upon her. F. C. H.
Illustrations of the Simplon (2nd S. ii. 336.)— I am
anxious to correct an erroneous description of the
order of the plates illustrating the pass of Mount
Simplon. The engravings, I should have said,
begin with the town of Brigg, soon after the com-
mencement of Napoleon's grand road, and they
end with the beautiful and picturesque town of
Sesta Calende at the end of the Lake Major, and
a short distance from the termination of the grand
road, which begins at Leuk, and ends near
Somma, being about 120 miles in its whole length.
F. C. H.
Scotch Darien Company and Equivalent Com-
pany (2nd S. ii. 330.) — There is an article in
vol. i. of the Retrospective Review, published by
llussell Smith in 1853, on " The Scottish Colony
of Darien, 1G98 — 1700," where your correspon-
dent X. Y. Z. will find some interesting informa-
tion, and references to many authorities.
K. P. D. E.
X. Y. Z. will probably meet with some of the
information he desires in the late Eliot Warbur-
ton's Darien. J. EASTWOOD.
" The right men in the right places " (2nd S. i.
294. 310. 401. ; ii. 317.)— It seems to be unknown
to the writers on this subject, that the origin
was clearly explained some time ago by Punch,
who occasionally assumes a graver tone. He gave
an extract from the writings of Bishop Berkeley,
in nearly these words :
" The world is like a board with holes in it, and the
square men have got into the round holes, and the round
into the square."
An ingenious game suggested hereby has just
been brought out by Mr. Myers of Leadenhall
Street, with the above attractive title. C. T.
Jumbols (2nd S. ii. 262.) —It is perfectly easy to
make jumbols from the receipt here given : —
They are an almond paste, a good deal like that
put on the top of bride-cake ; but rolled into
strings, knotted, baked, and iced. I intend to
make some ; and if they turn out well, a sample
shall be sent to MR. BRUCE. A LADY.
Boiling Mineral Waters at Euda and elsewhere
(2nd S. ii. 218. 338.) — It is just possible that
Baiae, near Naples, is the place meant, and not
Buda. Pliny the Elder says (fc. xxxi. c. 2.) that
the Posidian springs at Baiae " are so hot as to
boil articles of food even." He also speaks, in
the same chapter, of hot and cold springs " se-
parated by only the very smallest distance," and
gives the Pyrenees as their locality. The springs
of Aigues-Chaudes, in the Basses-Pyrenees, vary
considerably in temperature, some of them being
sufficiently hot to admit of cooking food. Others
of a similar nature, in that locality, are known as
the springs of Cambo, Bagneres, Bareges, and
Cauterets. HENRY T. RILEY.
" Kalends " or " Calends " at Bromyard (2nd S.
ii. 110.) — A part, of the close or " churchyard"
of Rouen Cathedral is called the Calende. The
entrance to the south transept is known, for dis-
tinction's sake, as " le portail de la Calende." Let
me remind MR. PATTISON that the French word
Calendes is defined by Boyer as " assemblee de
cures de campagne " — "a convocation of country
parsons;" or what the profanum vulgus of a
market town sometimes call " Rook Fair." It is
not, therefore, a matter of surprise that the ap-
proach to any considerable church, where period-
ical visitations of the clergy are held, should be
thus designated. I have not Ducange at hand,
but I have no doubt he would help us in this case.
MARK ANTONY LOWEB.
Lewes.
Ouzel Galley, ^c. (2nd S.^ ii. 315.) — The reply
of P. B. respecting the derivation of Ringsend is
just what I wanted. May I ask him for similar
information respecting the Ouzel Galley, Pigeon
House, &c., not only for myself, but for other
readers of " N. & Q." who take an interest in the
antiquities of Dublin ? ABHBA.
Human Shin Tanned (2nd S. ii. 250.) — Some
twenty years ago there was in the library of
Trinity College, Cambridge, a piece of tanned
human skin, about the size of the hand. It was
of a very light brown colour, and somewhat re-
sembled Russia leather, in the green. It had
formed part of a murderer who was executed, of
the name of " Weems," I believe.
HENRY T. RILEY.
Eggs in Heraldry : Arms of Butler (2nd S. ii.
353.) — Weever, as quoted by Morant, in History
of Essex, says these were the arms of Botiller,
sable, three covered cups, in a window in the
church of Shopland in Essex. No arms are now
there ; the windows have been too much church-
wardenised for that. Was this a branch of the
Butlers, Earls of Ormond, who had large posses-
sions in the neighbourhood, but different arms on
Rochford Church tower, said to have been built by
an Earl of Ormond, in Henry VII.'s reign ? It
is a very fine specimen of brickwork.
A. HOLT WHITE.
420
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd s. N« 47^
22. '56.
The Sunken Organ (1st S. vii. 128. 200. 328.
391. 413. 512.) — In a review of Ferdinand Bass-
ler's Sagen aus alien des Vaterlands, which occurs
in the Athenceum of September 6, 1856, is a legend
concerning a submerged organ, strikingly similar
to many stories existing in these kingdoms* In
Britain, however, it is always bells that are buried
or "sunken" in the sea. Many of these legends
have happily been printed and indexed in "N.
&Q.":_
" About an hour's journey from Alberssweiler, and in a
beautiful valley, lies the village of Eusserthal, which
takes its name from a convent that was once celebrated,
but has now completely disappeared. The choir of the
convent church is, however, still left, and is used as a place
of worship. All sorts of things are said in the village
about the enormous wealth of the convent; especially
about a certain golden organ, that once stood in the
church, and was played during divine service. When
the convent on one occasion was attacked by enemies, the
first care of the monks was to secure this treasure. They
dragged it to a marsh, which was formerly in the valley,
and sank it as deep as they could. However, they had
saved their treasure to no purpose, inasmuch as they were
compelled to fly. and died in distant parts, while the
convent fell to ruin. Ever}' one is perfectly aware that
the organ is still somewhere in the neighbourhood of the
church, but the precise spot where it lies is utterly un-
known. Nevertheless, every seven years it rises out of
the depths at midnight, and its sublime tones are heard
in the far distance. Nothing is at all comparable to the
gentle breathings of the golden pipes in the open air
during the solemn stillness of the night. Soon the soft
tones swell into mighty billows of sound, which rush
through the narrow valley until the noise again subsides,
and ends with a light echo in the forest. But no one has
ventured to obtain a sight of the organist who holds the
music in his power, and thus the discovery of the trea-
sure is reserved for the future."
K. P. D. E.
Gowfir Queries (2nd S. ii. 327.) — Will MR.
DALDY accept the following "guesses at truth?"
1 . Lenger the lasse, linger the less : —
" That lasse lust hath to that sory play."
Chaucer, Shipmannes Tale.
2. LigJt, lay : —
" Lay on, Macduff," &c. — Macbeth.
3. Marremcnt, marrow-bones.
5. At marines eye, to all appearance, as far as
man could judge.
6. Coise, coystril.
7. Doaire, dowry.
11. Topsailcole, topsailyard, or mast. C/% Cole-
stuff, strongpole. (Nares's Glossary.*)
J. EASTWOOD.
Eckington.
Order of St. Michael in France (2nd S. ii. 229.)
— Your correspondent J. G. N". will find a short
account of this order of knighthood in Carter's
Heraldry. That author refers to Favin, 1. iii.
p. 372. See also Selden, part ii. c. iii. fol. 552.
The order is said to have been created by Louis XI.
at Amboise in 1469, "upon the occasion of a
vision (as their historians relate) of the Arch-
angel's appearance on Orleans Bridge as their
Tutelar (sic) against the English." J. C. II.
BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES
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be forwarded to the Professor.
C. M. INGLERY (Birmingham). Dr. BelTs Shakspeare's Puck and his
Folk Lore ii noticed in " N. & Q.," 1st S. vi. 329., and was advertised in,
this Journal about that time, . It wan i»tblishrd, in.' brlic-rc, by Dr. Bell
h Imself, but could doubtless be procured from Mr. liussell Smith.
W. F. The best book on Copyrights is by R. Godson, with Supplement
by P. Burke.
R. INOLIS. In 1688-9, Thomas Otway was Bishop of Ossory, and
Hugh Gore, Bishop of Waterford and Lismore.
Replies to other Correspondents in our next.
ERRATA. — 2nd S. ii. 39^. col. 2. 1. 7-, for " Cunegarda " read " Cun£-
gonde ; " 1. 10., for " are beneath " read " is beneath."
"NOTES AND QUERIES" is published at noon on Friday, so that the
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INDEX TO THE FIRST SERIES. As this is now published, and the im-
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well to intimate their icish to their respective booksellers without delay.
Our publishers, MESSRS. BELL & DALDY, will forward copies by post on
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" NOTES AND QUERIES " is also issued in Monthly Parts, for the con-
venience of those who may either have a difficulty in procuring the un-
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** s. NO 48., NOV. 29. '56.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
421
LONDON, SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 29, 1856.
STRAY NOTES ON EDMUND CURLL, HIS LIFE, AND
PUBLICATIONS.
No. 6. — CurWs Controversy with Mist, frc.
Among the number of books issued by Curll
between the years 1709 and 1718, there were some
which no respectable bookseller of the present
day would have anything to do with. Spades
we're in those days called spades ; and we cannot
better prove this than by stating that when a
writer in one of the papers of the time undertook
to call attention to these objectionable publica-
tions, he himself indulged in such plain-spoken
language, that it cannot with propriety be trans-
ferred to the columns of " N. & Q."
In the Weekly Journal, or Saturday Post, of
April 5, 1718, a paper published by Mist, and
afterwards known as Misfs Journal, there appears
a strong denunciation of some of Curll's publica-
tions. After a passage which is better left where
it is, on the " sin of Curlicism" the writer pro-
ceeds :
" There is indeed but one bookseller eminent among us
for this abomination, and from him the crime takes the
just denomination of Curlicism. The fellow is a con-
temptible wretch a thousand ways : he 'is odious in his
person, scandalous in his fame ; he is marked by Nature,
for he has a bawdy countenance, and a debauched mien ;
his tongue is an echo of all the beastly language his shop
is filled with, and filthiness drivels in the very tone of his
voice.
" But what is the meaning that this manufacturer of
is permitted in a civilised nation to go unpunished,
and that the abominable Catalogue is unsuppressed, in a
country where religion is talked of (little more, God
knows !), whose government is formed by wholesome laws,
where kings obstruct not the execution of the law ; where
justice may, if duly prompted, take hold of him : I say,
Mist, what can be the reason such a criminal goes un-
punished ? How can our Stamp office take twelve pence
a piece for the advertisement of his infamous books, pub-
lishing the continued increase of lewd abominable pieces
of bawdry, such as none can read even in miniature, for
such an Advertisement is to a book. How can these re-
frain informing the government what mines are laid to
blow up morality, even from its very foundation, and to
sap the basis of all good manners, nay, and in the end, of
religion itself.
" Where sleep the watchmen of Israel, that not one
divine of the Church of England — not one teacher among
the dissenters — has touched this crying curse? O Bangor!
0 Bradbury ! how much better had the kingdom of Christ
been established, had you attacked the agents of hell
that propagate the kingdom of the devil, instead of snarl-
ing about who are, or who are not, vested with effectual
power to act this way or that way in the Church, or in
the State ? How much more like ' preachers of righteous-
ness ' had ye appeared, if, as far as became you, ye had
laboured to establish our youth in virtue and piety, and
so suppressed the spreading abominable vices by the
agency of the printing-press !
" In a word, Mist, record it for posterity to wonder at,
that in four years past of the blessed days we live in, and
wherein justice and liberty are flourishing and established,
more beastly unsufferable books have been published by
this one offender, than in thirty years before by all the
nation; and not a man, clergyman or other, has yet
thought it worth his while to demand justice of the go-
vernment against the crime of it, or so much as to caution
the age against the mischief of it.
"Publish this, Mist, as you value your promise, and
remember you'll be honoured with having put the first
hand to correct a crime which begins to make us scanda-
lous to our neighbours, and, in time, if not prevented, will
make us detestable among all the Christian nations of
Europe.
"Your friend,
«H."
Curll was not the man to remain silent under
such an attack. He replied by a pamphlet en-
titled Curlicism Display d, or an Appeal to the
Church. Being just Observations upon some Books
published by Mr. Curll. In a Letter to Mr. Mist.
London : Printed in the Year MDCCXVHI. Price
Six Pence ; and thus commences his defence :
" Mr. Mist,
" Your Journal is now become the Oracle of a discon-
tented Party whose fruitless Schemes and many disap-
pointments make them kick against the pricks, and who
like the deluded Multitude of Old had rather consult the
Devil than not hear some Responses in favour of their
wandering (pretended) Monarch :
' Restless he rolls about from place to place,
But will not look an Army in the face.'
Your superannuated Letter Writer was never more out
than when he asserted that CURLICISM was but of four
years' standing. Poor Wretch ! he is but a mere novice in
Chronology, and I do sincerely assure you, Mr. Mist, that
CURLICISM (since it must be so called) dates its original
from that ever memorable Mva. of the reign of the first
Monarch of the Stuartine Race." — Pp. 1, 2.
He then proceeds to defend several of his pub-
lications, with the titles of which we will not sully
our columns ; and specifies at considerable length
their nature, and the sources from which they
had been derived. But our readers may judge
of the style in which he does this, when we tell
them that, according to the writer, —
" The first piece of CURLICISM that appeared was that re-
markable Tryal between Robert Earl of Essex and the
Lady Frances Howard, who, after eight years' marriage,
commenced a suit against him for impotency."
After defending, one by one, the works which
the writer in Misfs Journal had attacked, and
very justly so, if political or commercial jealousy
had no share in the transaction, Curll concludes
his letter as follows. We give the passage at
length, because we believe the pamphlet to be one
which is very rarely to be met with.
" Thus, Mr. Mist, I have impartially laid before you
and the world a full account of the books I have printed,
which give your religion mongers so much uneasiness. I
shall, in the next place, reduce all their trifling objections
under four heads, and prove them false in every particular.
" 1. The first charge against me is, ' That I am the in-
ventor and introducer of a set of books into the world
422
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd S. N° 48., Nov. 29. '56.
upon such subjects as were never before known to be
brought under the pen.'
" 2. « That no nation would permit the publication of
such books but our own.
" As to the first of these calumnies, I think I stand
pretty clear, by the concurrent testimonies of the canon-
ists and civilians, from the original institution of the law
of nature and nations. And as to the latter, whenever
any of these points have been debated in our own king-
dom, the main support of the charge, as well as the judg-
ment given, have been wholly confirmed by precedents
cited from the ecclesiastical institutions, and the authority
of the Fathers themselves.
" 3. The other articles of the charge against rne, are,
' That these books would not have been suffered to be
printed four years ago ; ' when (if we may believe your
old gentleman) none but persons of exemplary piety and
virtue, such as the Ormonds, the Marrs, the Bolingbrokes,
&c., and their agents the Swifts, the Oldisworths, the
Sacheverells, &c., shared the royal favour, and defended
that Church which has of late been so much in danger.
"4. And lastly, 'That these books are now printed by
the connivance of the present government.'
" To which it is sufficient to answer, ' That the five
volumes of the Cases of Impotency and Divorce were all
printed in the reign of her late so pious Majesty ; and
that these books, which have given such grievous offence,
were so far from appearing in public, by the connivance
of this, or indeed any former government, that most of
them were published by the immediate command and
authority of the government itself.
" And now, Mr. Mist, having made good my promise,
and refuted every particular of the charge against me,
with relation to the publishing these books, I am farther
to assure your old man, that they cannot by the laws of
nature and nations be termed bawdy books, since they
treat only of matters of the greatest importance to so-
ciety, conduce to the mutual happiness of the nuptial
state, and arc directly calculated for antidotes against
debauchery and unnatural lewdness, and not for incen-
tives to them. For which reason I shall not desist from
printing such books, when any occasion offers, nor am I
cither concerned or ashamed to have them distinguished
by the facetious name of ' CURLICISM.'
" This, I think, Mr. Mist, an unexceptionable answer
to the allegations of your antiquated letter-writer; and
to prevent one objection, Avhich he might otherwise pos-
sibly hereafter make, I shall frankly acknowledge to him,
that as considerable a person as he may seem in the eyes
of your admirers, nothing which either he or you could
say of me, should have moved me to vouchsafe any replv,
had not an opportunity thereby offered itself to me of
publishing to the world the contents at large of these
several pieces, which have of late been so severallv in-
veighed against, and of demonstrating to your corre-
spondent in particular (who I take for granted never read
a syllable in either of them beyond the title-page) that
his zeal has been employed against such books, as are not
only inoffensive, but very useful ; and that his indigna-
tion against what he calls Curlicism, proceeds from a
partial infatuated bigotry, and an implicit spirit of cen-
soriousness, into which he has been led by what I call
Mysticism and Poperycism. Whether he be really an old
fellow, or only affects a formal gravity, to give his argu-
ments the greater weight among the" rabble of malcon-
tents, to whose service alone his pen is devoted — I shall
however be glad to see him in town, whither I suppose
he is coming to some employment under you, either to
solve cases of conscience, which your tattered customers
are continually furnishing you with, or to strengthen
your political reasonings and zealous insinuations against
the government, with quotations from the fathers of the
first four centuries, in which sort of learning the gentle-
man seems to me to be chiefly remarkable ; and like the
rest of his regular brethren in Christianity, to be pas-
sionately fond of their venerable errors, for the sake of
their antiquity, and peremptorily to condemn the profane
politeness of the classics, as much as he does the damna-
ble conscientious sincerity of our modern prevailing free-
thinkers.
"Notwithstanding our present difference, Mr. Mist, I
am willing to give you a piece of wholesome friendly ad-
vice : whereas 3-011 publicly declared in my presence,
before several witnesses, who will attest it upon oath, that
the first letter against me was inserted designedly to
reflect on His Majesty under my cover; and likewise,
that as for any passages in your Journal, whether they
should be true or false, they equally conduce to the in-
terest of the cause in which you are embarked, and to the
reputation of your paper amongst the party your only
constant readers. And whereas on another occasion you
have made your boast, that whenever the government has
thought fit to take notice of you, you have always brought
them to your own terms, I wish you would accept the
advice of a generous enemy, and take particular care lest
your repeated insolences and treasonable glances on your
indulgent superiors, should at length, contrary to their
innate and unexampled clemency, prevail with them to
put a stop to such flagrant enormities, and oblige them
for once to bring you to their terms.
"Having thus'given the world an impartial account
of the books I have printed, which is the sole design of
this letter; and being therefore resolved to enter into no
future debate, either "with yourself or your champion cor-
respondent, I shall conclude all in the words of a late
eminent and learned controvertist [the Dean of Chi-
chester] : — ' I now submit what I have said to the reader's
judgment : whatever your letter-writer may be, the world
I am persuaded is tired of such altercations, as I am sure
I am.' E. CUKLL.
" Fleet Street, May 26, 1718."
We have said that political feeling may have
had something to do with this attack on Curll.
Our reason for this is, that Mist's Journal was of
the opposite political faction to that which Curll
espoused.
Mist was the proprietor of the Weekly Journal,
generally called Misfs Journal, and, like Curll,
was condemned to mount the pillory for some po-
litical offence. His paper was staunch in its
support of the Tories. His name appears in
Negus' List, not among those "well affected to
King George," but among those "said to be high-
flyers." Curll, on the other hand, was a zealous
partisan of the House of Hanover and the Pro-
testant Succession. Therefore, although Curll
was obnoxious to the charge made against him,
so many others were open to the same censure,
that there can be little doubt politics had some-
thing to do with the attack.
In this very year Curll published some tracts
on the Bangorian Controversy, two of which we
have before us at the present moment. The
first is by Nicholas Amhurst*, whose name does
* The reader of Amhurst's well-known Terrce Fil'ms
will remember in that Journal what is called Curll's
2ndg. N» 48., Nov. 29. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
423
It is
not, however, appear on the title-page,
called —
Protestant Popery, or The Convocation. A
Poem in Five Cantos. Addressed to the Right
Reverend The Lord Bishop ofBangortSfC. London,
Printed for E. Curll in Fleet Street, 1718. (Price
ls.6d.)
The preface is very complimentary to Hoadly,
and very severe upon his adversaries ; and the
poem, which is written very fluently, is in the
same spirit. At this time, to quote Ainhurst's
own words, —
" While the fierce Contest rages from afar,
And hostile Pamphlets breathe alternate War,"
all seemed filled with the same uncharitable hu-
mour. Our copy of this very pamphlet affords
proof of this in two MS. poems inserted in the
blank leaves at the close of the first and third
cantos. They are not worth transcribing, except
as showing the feeling of the writer.
The first is as follows :
" A Poem on his most Sacred Majesty King George.
" I sing the man, that Britains crown do's wear
By Providence design'd to ease our care
Not Jesse's son more opportunely came
When cruel Saul was on mount Gilboa, slane
As Sheba's queen wise Solomon did tell
He was made King, in love to Israel
Indulgent Heaven, thus on us did Smile
When George was chosen ruler of our Is'le
Judah, with England, we may parallel
Our lands a Goshen we Gods Israel
Our goverment, like theirs is most Divine
Theocracy through. Monarchy do's shine
With mercy cloath'd, George would not thunder wear
He craves his people's love, much more their Fear
His Pious Ancestors, their blood, did spend
For our Religeon, which he do's defend
Bravely for which, he draws his Conquering Sword
Which to secure, we have his Rojral word
His most Consummate Wisdom Europe charms
At home ungratefull, britains are in arms
Ah : foolish Isle, who can thy Grief express
Refusing madly thus, thy happiness
Slighting those charms which all the world do's bind
Spurning at George, the darling of mankind
Oh : tell it not in Gath ; nor Askelon
What English protestants wou'd now have done
Dethrond there King, and try'd the fatal chance
O'th popish idol ; disciplind in France
So Indians trifles chuse and simple things
For all those treasures which the Merchant brings
They blew the trumpet of unnat'ral war
Brandish the Sword, and burnish arms for Marr
Like Necromancers, as the people say
They've rais'd the devil ; which they can not lay."
The second, which is somewhat better written, is
addressed to Dr. Snape :
" The Billingsgate Dr or ye whipping Divine.
" Pray listen to my story well
Of merry andrcw Snap
Whome holly brethren did compell
To fall into a Trapp
Account of the Oxford Poetical Club, and the Thanks
given to Curll by the Club.
We know who did contrive the Scheme
Tho' he must now be whipt for them
Whith a fa &c.
" The Father dealt in Iron shoes
In wooden shoes the Son
And none but brutes will either chuse
Or tamely put them on
In shoeing horse's Snape was bread
Now shoeing Asses is his Trade
Whith a fa &c.
" The care of bums at Eaton School
A sad thing to Relate
Whould not permit his care of Souls
Within poor Billingsgate
But that he might both parties please
He teaches those to Scold like these
With a fa &c.
" Of pray'r he speaks with great Respect
To cursing more inclin'd,
He tells the Bishop what t' expect
If not by Laws confind
All this youT say is very fair
For cursing is but heat of prayr
With a fa &c.
" But when he comes to power of Church
He makes a fearfull rout
If then he had but Sceptre birch
0 how he'd lay about
What not believe what Church does leach
Turn up mv Lord ; have at your breech
With a fa &c.
" If you will not Submit your Faith
To us Christ's Vice-ge-rents
Or mind what holy parson saith
How shall we have our tenth
In truth my Lord, you are a Rogue
Take that by way of Epilogue
With a fa &c."
Dr. Snape, the able opponent of Hoadly, is the
subject of the second poetical tract to which we
have alluded, and which is likewise from the pen
of Amhurst. It is entitled, —
A Congratulatory Epistle from His Holiness
The Pope to The Reverend Dr. Snape. Faith/idly
translated from the Latin Original into English
Verse. By the Author of Protestant Popery, &?c.
London, Printed for E. Curll in Fleet Street, 1718.
The author pretends in his preface that —
" The following traiterous Epistle from His Holiness to
the Reverend Doctor in the Title-Page, was no less sur-
prizingly than happily intercepted by the Master of a
small English vessel not far off from the British Coast.
. . . It was transmitted to me by one of His Majesty's
Principal Secretaries of State, to whom it was delivered
when first taken, with leave to make what use of it I
should judge best for the interest of the nation."
These poems having been at the time generally
attributed to George Sewell, a prolific poetaster
of the day, led to his denying the authorship by
public advertisement, and to counter-advertise-
ments by " Philalethes," (the name assumed by
Amhurst,) in The Evening Post.
With this squabble, however, or the larger con-
troversy, we need not trouble our readers at any
greater length. We have shown Curll as a par-
424
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
[2nd s. NO 48., Nov. 29. '£
tisan of the Bishop of Bangor, which was all we
were called upon to fl6.
Connected with this very year 1718, however,
we have a story to relate of Curl! and another
Bishop, which is, it must be confessed, more cha-
racteristic than creditable. Pope, in his* True
Narrative of the Method by which Mr. Pope's Let-
ters have been published, refers to the matter in
these words :
" Mr. Pope's friends imagined that the whole design of
E. Curll was to get him to look on the edition of Crom-
well's Letters, and so to print it as revised by Mr. Pope, in
the same manner as he sent an obscene Book to a reverend
Bishop, and then advertised it as corrected and revised by
him."
The book here referred to is an edition of Ro-
chester's Poems. Curll printed these poems se-
veral times. We have seen an edition published
by him, and professing to be the " third edition,"
dated in 1709; but in 1718* was published an
edition " adorned with Cuts," and which, although
it does not bear Curll's name on the title-page, he
had clearly an interest in ; for a note, p. viii.
vol. ii., refers to " Mr. Pomfret's Poems printed by
E. Curll." There are two or three versions of the
story : the following is Curll's own, as told by him
in a note on Pope's Narrative, in the second vo-
lume of his (Curll's) edition of Pope's Literary
Correspondence :
" Falsehood the Fourth," says Curll. " One hundred
guineas shall be paid to this Narrative writer, if he can
produce any such advertisement of Mr. Curll's. This
is founded on a merry story, and the fact as follows, viz. :
" Mr. Henry Hoare, eldest son of Sir Richard Hoare,
came to Mr. Curll and told him, that Dr. Robinson, then
Bishop of London, heard he was concerned in an edition
of the Earl of Rochester's Poems. Mr. Curll told Mr.
Hoare that he was, among other booksellers and printers,
(viz. Mr. Darby in Bartholomew Close, Mr. Bettesworth
in Paternoster Row, Mr. Rivington in St. Paul's Church
Yard, Mr. Pemberton in Fleet Street, &c.) concerned in
an edition of that nobleman's Works. But likewise told
Mr. Hoare, that he would get a book interleaved for my
Lord Bishop, and Avhatever his Lordship saw amiss, if he
would be pleased to strike out any lines or Poems therein,
such leaves should be reprinted, and rendered conform-
able to his Lordship's opinion. Away goes Mr. Hoare,
overjoyed with the message from Mr. Curll, with a tender
of his duty to the Bishop, and opens his credentials ; upon
hearing which the Bishop smiled, and made the following
reply to Mr. Hoare. ' Sir, I am told that Mr. Curll is a
shrewd man, and should I revise the book you have
brought me, he would publish it as approved by me.'
This, no doubt, Mr. Curll might justly have done, for
whatever is not condemned is approved : a standing
maxim this, in civil, canon, and common law."
S. N. M.
* The Works of the Earls of Rochester, Roscommon,
Dorset, &c. In Two Vols. Adorn'd with Cuts. London :
Printed in the Year 1718. Price 5s. [No bookseller's or
printer's name.]
ETYMOLOGIES.
Toad-eater. — In an article on Abp. Whately's
edition of Bacon's Essays in the last No. of the
Quarterly Revi^v, the reviewer makes a digres-
sion on the origin of this word. The late Bp.
Copleston, he says, derived it from the Spanish,
supposing it to be todito, a diminutive of todo,
" all," and signifying factotum; and this derivation
he very properly rejects, for there is in fact no
such word in any Spanish dictionary, and, even if
there were, it could not have that sense. He next
notices, and rejects also, the ingenious (the Abp.
is always so) etymon of Abp. Whately, "who takes
it to be a mere refinement of a rather unseemly
phrase, akin to one of frequent occurrence in Ben
Jonson's Bartholomew Fair. He finally gives
what he regards as the true one, as contained in
the following passage of Sarah Fielding's David
Simple : " It is a metaphor taken from a mounte-
bank's boy eating toads, in order to show his mas-
ter's skill in expelling poison." I doubt, how-
ever, if this practice was ever current, or was even
possible ; and, at all events, neither is this the true
solution. The truth I take to be as follows.
Toad-eat is an English adaptation of the French
avaler des couleuvres. Thus Boileau has in his
tenth Satire :
" Re'sous-toi, pauvre e*poux, & vivre de couleuvres : " —
on which the note of Levizac is :
" L'expression proverbiale avaler des couleuvres signifie
souffrir bien des chosea facheuses, qua 1'on nous dit ou que
1'on nous fait, sans que nous osions en temoigner le moindre
deplaisir."
If this be not an accurate description of toad-
eating, I know not what is. English humour, to
add strength to the image, changed the poor harm-
less and handsome snake into the ugly and sup-
posed venomous toad. Finally, toad-eating and
toad-eater have become toady., and mean servile
adulation, a part of the business of the original
toad-eater, usually, if not exclusively, a lady's
companion.
I must also demur to the aforesaid reviewer's
assertion that "conjectural etymology is little
better than juggling." I grant that we should
probably never arrive at the meaning of namby-
pamby, mob, and similar terms, if we had not their
history ; but there is another class which have
their origin in nature, or in well-known opinions,
the derivation of which may be something better
than mere tours de passe-passe. As an instance, I
will name that of pismire, given by myself in a
former No. of " N. & Q."
Saw. — This word, even in Shakspeare's time,
signified merely a saying, a proverb, " Full of wise
saw s and modern instances ; " but I always had
an idea that it had been originally the same as the
northern saga, the German sage, a history, story,
tale, or tradition. I find this notion of mine con-
2nd s. NO 48., Nov. 29. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
425
firmed by the following lines of the romance of
Eichard Cceur-de-Lion :
" Of my tale be not awoudered I
The Frenche says lie slew an hundred
(Whereof is made this English saw")
Or he rested him any thraw."
Here saiv is evidently the same as the preceding
tale ; whereof is from which. It is a great pity
that this old word cannot be revived, for we are
sadly in want of a term answering to saga, sage.
I lately read in the Cambridge Essays one on the
English language in America, wherein some things
rather surprised me. Thus, to ride, for going in a
carriage, is given as an Americanism. Is it not of
common use in London? and do not Cockneys
even ride in steamers to Kew and to Greenwich ?
Suspenders for braces is another, — a word which
was, and I believe still is, in common use in Ire-
land, where, in my boyhood, they were still more
expressively termed gallows. The writer also says
that "cantankerous for rancorous" is peculiar to the
" Great West." But it too is common in Ireland,
in the sense of waspish, and it is probably a cor-
ruption of contentious, not of rancorous.
THOS. KEIGHTJLEY.
MONUMENTAL BRASSES.
(Concluded from l§t S. xi. 143.)
The following is a supplementary list of brasses
with which I have become acquainted since my
last communications on this subject :
BERKSHIRE.
Hendred, East. Henry and Roger Eldysley (one figure
lost), 1439.
Hendred, East. John Eyston and wife, 1589.
Sparsholt. William de Herleston, priest (loose in chest).
Wittenham, Little. A small fragment of a female figure,
c. 1600.
Wantage. Wife of William Wilmot, 1618.
Stanford Rivera. Anne Harper and children (mural), 1584.
Stanford Rivers. A man in armour and his wife (not seen
in a recent visit to the church).
NORFOLK.
Norwich, St. John's, Maddermarket. A civilian and wife.
Norwich, St. John's, Maddermarket. A female figure
(partially concealed).
NORTHAMPTONSHIRE.
Addington. John Bloxham, priest with chalice, 1509.
Ashby, St. Leger's. William Catesby and wife, 1494.
Ashby, St. Leger's. William Smyght, priest, 1500.
Ashton. Robert Marriott and wife, c. 1580.
Barnewell. Christopher Freeman and family, 1610.
Boddington, Upper. William Proctor, priest, 1627.
Burton Latimer. A figure in shroud and children.
Burton Latimer. Wife of Thos. Bacon and infant, 1626.
Cranford. John Fosbrooke and wife, 1417.
Cranford. John Fosbroke and wives, 1589.
Dene. Sir Edmund Brudenell and lady.
Earls Barton. John Muscote and wife, 1512.
Easton Neston. Richard Fermor and wife, 1552.
Fawsley. Edward Knyghtleye and wife, 1542.
Floore." Henry Mitchell, Esq., and wife, 1510.
Geddington. Henry Jarmou and wife, 14 — .
Green's Norton. Mary Talbot.
Grendon. Two knights and a lady, c. 1480.
Hemington. Thos. Montagu and wife, 1517.
Newbottle. Peter Dormer, wives and children, 1555.
Newnham. A female figure.
Newton Bromshold. Roger Hewett, 1487.
Norton. William Knyght and wife, 1504.
Paulerspury. Sir Henry Mylnar, priest, 15 — .
Potterspury. Wife of Cuthbert Ogle, Esq., 1616.
Preston. Sir Clement Edmunds and lady, 1622.
Staverton. Thos. Wylmer, wife and children, 1580.
Stoke Bruerne. Richard Lightfoot, rector, 1625.
Sulgrave. Lawrence Washington, wife and children, 1564.
Tansor. The priest is John Colt.
Wappenham. A knight mutilated.
Wappenham. A knight and lady.
Wappenham. Constantia Butler, 1499.
Welford. — Saunders, Esq., three wives and children.
Woodford. Symon Malory, knight, 1580.
Woodford-cum-Membris. Nicholas Stafford, priest, 14 — .
HERTFORDSHIRE.
North Mimms. A civilian (mutilated), c. 1420.
OXFORDSHIRE.
Checkendon. Cecilia Bede, 1428.
Checkendon. Anna Bowett (under pue), 1490.
Crowmarsh Gilford. William Hydesley (mutilated), 1576.
Ewelme. Catherine Palmer and family (kneeling), 1599.
Oxford, St. Peter's in the East. A man and his wife (much
worn), 1478.
SUFFOLK.
Belstead. The knight (he is John Goldingham, Esq.) and
wives, 1518.
Brandish, A female figure (mutilated).
Easton. John Brook. This brass was pued over last year.
Mendlesham. John Knyvet, Esq. (under pue).
SURREY.
Micldeham. William Wyddolkson and wife (mural), 1514.
YORKSHIRE:
Harpham. Sir Thos. de St. Quintin and lady, 1420.
Harpham. Thos. de St. Quintin, Esq., 1445 (both these
brasses are engraved by Boutell).
F. S. GKOWSE.
Bildestone, Suffolk.
A NOTE UPON FEPYS.
Pepys, in his varied Diary, under date of Au-
gust 4th, 1665, notes to this effect :
" To Mr. Pett's, who led us into his garden, and there
the lady, the best-humoured woman in the world, and a
devout woman, / having espied her on her knees, half an
hour this morning, in her chamber"
In writings contemporary with Pepys, I have
remarked three instances of the private devotions
of ladies having become known to others. They
are as follows :
1. " One of the first things by which her change was
discovered to her mother and friends, waa her fervent
426
NOTES AND QUERIES. [2- s. NO 48., NOV. 29. '66.
gecrct prayers. For living in a great house, of which the
middle part was ruined in the wars, she chose a closet in
the farther end, where she. thought none heard her. But
some that overheard her, said they never heard so fervent
prayer from any one." — From Richard Baxter's Life of
his "Wife, Margaret Charlton.
2. " Her own Lord (knowing her hours of prayer) once
conveyed a grave minister to a secret place, within hear-
ing, whom, if I should name, would not be denied to be a
competent judge, who much admired her humble fer-
vency."— Rev. Antony Walker's Funeral Sermon for the
Countess of Warwick, 1678.
3. " Morning and evening she never failed, by her good
will, to read some portion of Scripture (if not called away
by extraordinary business on a sudden), and so pour out
her heart to God in private Prayer ; for which, because no
place in the house was so convenient, and so far from noise,
and sight of others, as one certain remote room, where none
usually came at those times, therefore that place of all
others she made choice of, in the dark winter evenings,
and the morning before the family was up ; many a time
hath she visited one corner of that Room, which was most
retired, with eyes and hands lift up to heaven, kneeling at
a chair, with great affection, which though she never
knew, that any took the least notice of (for that would
have been a trouble to her), }ret a certain near relation
that often looked in at a cranny of the door, which she
had fastened inwardly, and did not a little joy to see her
so employed, is yet surviving as an eye -witness of it." —
From the Life 'of Miss Susanna Penwich (of Hackney),
by John Batchiler, 1661.
In this last extract is preserved the peculiar
italicising of the original. A. II.
MICHAELMAS GOOSE DINNER.
The custom of serving a goose for dinner on the
Michaelmas-day is said to have arisen from the
accidental circumstance of Queen Elizabeth being
in the full enjoyment of her dinner off that savoury
bird, when she was informed of the victory ob-
tained by Sir Francis Drake over the Spanish
Armada while advancing towards Tilbury Fort.
But the probability is Her Majesty was only in-
dulging in one of the whimsical predilections of
her subjects.
Norfolk has long been famed for the breed of
this bird, nor is the culinary department entirely
bereft of all claims to commendation. Our fore-
fathers rejoiced over the " stubble-goose," a dainty
which has now given place to those more delicately
fed. The rustic call for the goose is " Willie ; "
whether this is " wily," in jest of their alleged
simplicity, or " y-like," in reference to the in-
verted form of that letter which they uniformly
adopt in their flight, are doubts not easily solved.
" The Goose and Gridiron " is a Norfolk sign, but
the meaning remains hitherto unexplained. And
it is well known a Norfolk man will scarcely feel
himself aggrieved at the well-known sobriquet
derived from them, and so unsparingly lavished
upon him by his facetious neighbours in the
" shires."
The Norfolk goose of the London markets is
generally imported from Prussia or the Rhenish
provinces. One caterer in Norwich has imported
as many as six thousand in one year, and has ob-
served, while feeding them, their attachment to
light, by their rarely taking food in the dark nights,
but they will enjoy themselves under the full moon
as under the midday sun.
The goose, from its harmless habits, figures in
many of our nursery tales and rhymes, but no-
where more prominently than in the Legends of
Ashwell- Thorpe Hall.
The habitual practice of serving a goose on the
tacitly appointed day is observed .with singular
scrupulosity in most private families ; but the
maintenance of the custom to gratify alike the
taste and inherent, if not superstitious, feelings of
the indigent, proves at least a deep-rooted venera-
tion for what may appear to indifferent observers
a puerile custom.
" The Old Man's Hospital," a retreat for the
aged, is on the largest scale, and on the most libe-
ral principles, and the inmates of the two sexes,
amounting in the present year to upwards of two
hundred, are annually regaled on the Michaelmas
Day off their self-omened bird. The provision for
this feast was made by the late worthy Alderman
Partridge in 1816, who, by his will, directed that
a goose should be provided there for every four
persons. This was done as the economists of the
day proposed to discontinue the annual feast.
The " Michaelmas Day " at this hospital is the
gala day of the year ; the inmates are in their
best attire, and, cheered with the delicious prospect,
tempt the visitors to a " mardle," which generally
turns upon the wonders of the " Eagle Ward," so
called from the pencilling of the splendid roof of
the now desecrated church. The great kitchen is
thrown open to the public, where hundreds throng
to see the novel sight, and to inhale the suffocating
heat from a ton of burning coals. A skeleton
cylinder is formed of seven or eight bars ; on each
is spitted seven geese ; the whole is then made to
revolve round before the immense fire by a turn-
spit, whose occupation requires frequent relief to
prevent his mingling with the revolving victims.
HENRY D'AvEN
Hoops v. Crinoline. — Pray insert the enclosed
from The Weekly Journal, or Saturday Post, April
26, 1718, for the benefit of your witty contempo-
rary, Punch. It may give Mr. Leech a hint, which
he will know how to turn to a good account : —
" One day last week a Gentlewoman unluckily stooping
to buckle her Shoe at a Linen Draper's Shop, her Hoop
Petticoat, of more than ordinary Circumference, flew up,
and an arch little Chimney Sweeper passing by at that
2nd s. N° 48., Nov. 29. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
427
instant immediately conveyed himself underneath the
machine, and with a loud voice cried out Sweep, Sweep;
the Gentlewoman being affrighted leap'd back, the boy
struggling to get out threw Madam in the Dirt, and with
much ado at last the Devil got away, and left the lady
in no small confusion."
S. N. M.
Wagers. — It has been remarked, that " a col-
lection of foolish wagers would make a voluminous
and not uninteresting work." I beg to propose
this topic to your contributors.
To make a beginning. I have heard that a gen-
tleman laid a wager that he would stand for a
whole day on London Bridge, with a tray full of
sovereigns fresh from the Mint, and would offer
them to the passengers at " pence a-piece," with-
out being able to sell any. He won the wager.
I cannot give name or date. Perhaps some one
else will kindly supply them.
In olden times, a favourite form of wager was
" a rump and dozen." In the case of Hussey v.
Cricket^ 3 Campbell's Nisi Prius Cases, 168., an
action was brought upon a wager of a rump and
dozen, whether the defendant was older than the
plaintiff. The question argued before the Court
of Common Pleas was, whether the action was
maintainable ? Sir James Mansfield, C. J., said :
" I am inclined to think I ought not to have tried this
cause. I do not judicially know the meaning of a rump
and dozen. While we we're occupied with these idle dis-
putes, parties having large debts due to them, and ques-
tions of great magnitude to try, were grievously delayed.
However, the cause being here, we must now dispose of it.
" Heath, J. ' I am rather sorry this action has been
brought, but I do not doubt that it is maintainable.
Wagers are generally legal, and there is nothing to take
this wager out of the common rule. We know very well,
privately, that a rump and dozen is what the witnesses
stated, viz. a good dinner and wine, in which I can dis-
cover no illegality.' "
F.
Mr. HalliweWs Mistake concerning PeacTiam. —
In Mr. Halliwell's Letters of the Kings of Eng-
land (vol. ii. p. 126.) is a singular letter (printed
for the first time) from James I. to the Earl of
Somerset. The royal writer, chiding his highly
favoured minion for his great " tongue-license,"
adds :
" For, although I confess the greatness of that trust
and privacy betwixt us will very well allow unto you an
infinitely great liberty and freedom of speech unto me,
yea, even to rebuke me more sharply and bitterly than
ever my master durst do; yet, to invent a new act of
railing at me — nay, to borrow the tongue of the devil —
in comparison whereof all Peacham's book is but a gentle
admonition, that cannot come within the compass of any
liberty of friendship."
In a note to Peacham, the editor adds :
" An eminent popular writer of the seventeenth cen-
tury, who flourished up to the time of the civil wars."
MR. HALLIWELL has here confounded Henry
Peachman, the author of the Compleat Gentleman,
with Edmund Peacham, an old Somersetshire mi-
nister, who was " arraigned and found guilty of
high treason, at Taunton Assizes, for divers things
contained in a book of his against the king's per-
son, and the privy counsellors." Edmund Pea-
cham's case was one of the worst of James's reign.
The poor old man suffered the torture, and was
condemned to death, but died in prison. His
book was a just denouncement of the king's fond-
ness for dogs, dances, banquets, and costly dresses,
and the frauds and oppressions practised by his
government and officers. EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
Cabinet Councils. — Is not the following note by
Whately of a most happy accident, worthy of
preservation in " N. & Q. ? "
" It is remarkable how a change of very great im-
portance in our system of government was brought about
by pure accident. The custom of the King's being pre-
sent in a cabinet council of his ministers, which was the
obvious, and had always been the usual state of things,
was put an end to when the Hanoverian princes came to
the throne, from their ignorance of the English language.
The advantages thence resulting of ministers laying be-
fore the sovereign the result of their full and free deliber-
ations — an advantage not at all originally contemplated
— caused the custom to be continued, and so established
that it is most unlikely it should ever be changed."
THRBLKELD.
Extracts from " The Book of Discipline of the
Kirk of TranenC —
" 1671, 3 Januarie. The Minister reported that ane
English-man, named Kulie, did discharge a pistoll at
Olivestob upon the Lord's Day last ; for Avhich, when he
rebuked him, he seemed exceedinglie sorrowful!, and pro-
mised that for the future that he should never do the
like in anie place of Scotland ; and his excuse for doeing
thereof was, that it was the ordinar custom in England,
and that he knew not our kirk discipline to be so strict."
1678, Tuesday, 6 August. The said day the Session
ordained the following acts to be intimate upon Sunday
nixt, viz. The acts anent slandering and scolding, against
drinking in ale houses after nyne acloak at night, and
drinking in ale houses upon the Lord's Day after sermons,
anent persons going unnecessarie to the fields, or flocking
together at doors, and childrens playing upon the Sab-
bath, and that no persons give up their names to be
proclaimed in order to marriage till they consign Two
dollars, that there shall be no pyping nor violling at
their brydalls after four aclock at night in the winter,
and six aclock in summer."
A. G.
Edinburgh.
French for Language. —
" Bot adew to the Devyll
I can no moe French."
In Mr. Collier's argument respecting the origin
of the English Miracle Plays, he says :
" My friend Mr. Amyot remarked upon the line ' I can
no more French,' that it might have been proverbial in
English, as « au bout de son Latin ' was in French. / re-
member no other instance of its use in English if it were
so,"&c.
Having recently had an opportunity of publicly
428
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
[2nd s. NO 48., Nov. 29. '56.
stating why I venture for once to form an opinion
contrary to that of this very eminent critic, I am
not about to say anything on the general question
of the origin of these Miracle-Plays, but merely
to draw attention to one or two out of many in-
stances in which the word French is manifestly
used for language.
Ellis used for dissertation and extract in the
" Specimens " that copy of The Seven Wise
Masters which is preserved in the Auchinleck
MS. The date of this MS. is singularly coinci-
dent with that which, in Mr. Collier's opinion, is
the date of the earliest English version of the
Miracle-Plays ; agreeing, indeed, to a very few
years.
The following occurs in the tale of the " Mag-
pie:"
" A burgess was in Rome town,"
A rich man of great renoun.
The burgess had a pie in his hall
That couth tellen tales all
Apertlich in French language."
Again, in the " Two Dreams : "
" The knight took up the parchemyne
And red the French full fair and fine."
Mr. Ellis makes a note upon this, "The word
French is used for language in general." C. M.
Leicester.
Lincoln's Inn Fields. — There was a time when
Lincoln's Inn Fields was probably the hand-
somest square in the whole metropolis ; but for
much more than a hundred years, it has continued
without a suitable access from any surrounding
quarter, although, for the same full period of time,
this inconvenience has been complained of; as
will be seen in the following extract from the
St. James's Chronicle, from June 6 to 9, 1761 :
" A Plan for a New Street, from the end of Serle Street
to Temple Bar, is actually concerting, which has been a
thing long wanted; as the Avenues to Lincoln's-Inn-
Square are so extremely bad. It is also said, that in
order to make it complete, Turnstile will be widened, so
as to admit of Carriages passing."
Y. S.
The Name of Canada. — The derivation of the
name of this province has been a matter of specu-
lation to the curious, and may not, therefore, be
uninteresting to the readers of " N. & Q." Two
Spanish derivations are given : one taken from an
ancient Castilian tradition of an early visit of the
Spaniards (before the French), who, perceiving
no appearance of mines or riches, exclaimed, in
the hearing of the natives, Aca Nada ! " here is
nothing ;" and this being repeated by the natives
to other European visitors was supposed to be
their name for the country. Father Hennipin
fives the other, — confirming this early visit of the
paniards,— that finding nothing to gratify their
desire for gold, they called the country El Capo
di Nada, " Cape Nothing." These, however, as
well as the speculation of its being named after
M. Cane, a French nobleman, are unreliable.
The more generally received derivation, which is
supported by the analogy of other names, is either
that given by Charleroix from the Iroquois,
Kannata, "a collection of huts;" or, by other
writers, from two Indian words, Kan or Can, " a
mouth," and Ada, "a country," — signifying "the
mouth of the country," — originally applied per-
haps to the River St. Lawrence, and mistaken
for the name of what is now one of the greatest
colonial possessions of the empire — the province
of Canada. THOMAS HODGINS.
Toronto, Canada.
WOTTON'S " COURTLIE CONTROVERSIE OF CUPID'S
CAUTELS."
Can any of your readers inform me who was
Henry Wotton, who wrote and published "A
Courtlie Controversie of Cupid's Cautels, contain-
ing Five Tragicall Historyes by three Gentlemen
and two Gentlewomen, translated out of French
by Hen. Wotton." 4to., black letter. Imprinted
at London by Francis Coldocke and Henry Byn-
neman. Anno 1578. It was licensed to them in
the same year. See Herbert's Ames, p. 982. It
is dedicated to his sister, the Lady Anne Dacre of
the South, in which he speaks of himself as a
rolling stone, of this " being the first fruits of his
baraine braine," and alluding to the love of his
sister, remarks, that " dayly experience notifyeth
to the world your noble minde, natural loue, and
bountiful liberalise towards all the poore Or-
phanes of my good Lorde his and our noble
mother, since hir deceasse." I am anxious to as-
certain who was the Lady Anne Dacre of the
South, and also the noble person here alluded to
in this dedication. The work itself, independently
of its great rarity (an imperfect copy in the Bod-
leian Library being the only one I know of besides
my own, also wanting the title-page) is extremely
curious, consisting of five Histories or Tales, and
is interspersed with numerous pieces of poetry,
some of them of considerable length. See Cens.
Lit., vol. i. p. 158. Sir Henry Wotton, the Pro-
vost of Eton, was only ten years old when this
work was published, and is therefore quite out of
the question. I know of only one other Henry
Wotton, who was the son of Dr. Edward Wotton,
Fellow of Corpus Ch. Coll., Oxford, and physician
to King Henry VIII. This Henry Wotton was a
student of Ch. Ch., Oxford, and was afterwards
Greek Reader and Fellow of Corpus Ch. Coll., and
like his father became celebrated as a physician ;
but whether he was the author of this work or
2nd s. N° 48,, Nov. 29. '56.]
NOTES AND QUEEIES.
429
not, I cannot say : perhaps some of your readers
may be able to supply information on this subject.
THOMAS CORSER.
Stand Rectory.
JOHN LOCKE AND FREEMASONRY.
In an Appendix to The Spirit of Masonry, by
William Hutchinson, third edit, Edinburgh, 1813,
is given " A Letter from the learned Mr. John
Locke to the Right Hon. Thomas, Earl of Pem-
broke, with an old Manuscript on the subject of
Free Masonry," as follows :
" May 6, 1696, My Lord, I have at length by the help
of Mr. Collins procured a copy of that MS, in the Bodleian
Library which you were so curious to see, and in obedience
to your lordship's commands I herewith send it to you.
Most of the notes annexed to it are what I made yester-
day for the reading of my Lady Masham, who is become
so "fond of Masonry, as to say, that she now more than
ever wishes herself a man that she might be capable of
admission into the fraternity.
" The MS., of which this is a copy, appears to be about
100 years old (as your Lordship will observe by the
title) ; it is itself a copy of one yet more ancient by 100
years, for the original is said to have been the hand-
writing of King Henry VI. Where that prince had it is
at present an uncertainty ; but it seems to me to be an
examination (taken perhaps before the King) of some
one of the brotherhood of Masons, among whom he
entered himself, as it is said, when he came out of his
minority, and thenceforth put a stop to a persecution that
had been raised against them ; but I must not detain
your Lordship longer by my preface from the thing itself.
" I know not what effect the sight of this old paper
may have upon your Lordship ; but for my part I cannot
deny, that it has so nruch raised my curiosity as to in-
duce me to enter myself into the fraternity, which I am
determined to do (if I may be admitted) the next time
I go to London, and that will be shortly. I am, my
Lord, your Lordship's most obedient and most humble
servant, JOHN LOCKE."
The MS. sets forth to have been '* Writene by
the hande of Kynge Henrye the syxthe of the
name, and faythfullye copyed by me, Johan Ley-
lande Antiquarius" (who " was (says Mr. Locke)
appointed by King Henry VIII. at the dissolution
of monasteries to search for and save such Books
and records as were valuable among them. He
was a man of great labour and industry.")
" By the Command of His Highnesse" to which
Mr. Locke also adds this illustrative note : " His
Highnesse meaning the said King Henry VIII.
Our Kings had not then the title of Majesty."
Is anything farther known whether the author
of the Essay on the Human Understanding, whose
conversion was thus brought round, ever fulfilled
his determination, in becoming a brother of " the
mystic tie." Gr. N.
Recorder of London. — Can any of the corre-
spondents of " N. & Q." give information as to
the custom of the Recorder of the City of London
being summoned before the equity judges ? On
the occasion of his appearance last week, it was
disputed how he should be robed ; and after long
discussion and consideration, scarlet was decided
on. The only instances of the kind I can find
mentioned in any of the books is one about a
century ago, and one in the reign of Henry VI. ;
but no explanation is given. I want to know
whether there are any records of the fashion of
his robes on such occasions? and whether there
are any, and what, cases besides those before men-
tioned ? T. M. M.
Is there an authorised Version of the Hebrew
Scriptures f — Whilst the clergy and a portion of
the press are discussing the expediency of a re-
vision of the authorised version of the Bible, it
would be curious to know whether the Jews, the
original depositories of the Hebrew Scriptures,
have in this country or abroad an authorised
version, and if so, what authority is attached to
it ? INQUIRER.
Jewish Versions of the Hebrew Scriptures. —
Are these versions, in the various modern lan-
guages, issued by authority of the chief priests
and rabbis, and, if so, what comparative repute do
they bear ?
And is there any edition put forth with critical
and exegetical apparatus, similar to Bloom field's
or Alford's editions of the New Testament, or
with any commentary ? DELTA.
Derivation of Skoymus. — What is the derivation
and precise meaning of the word skoymus ? It
occurs in the Te Deum : " Thou wert not skoymus
of the mayden's wornbe to dely ver mankynde."
The only information I have been able to pro-
cure is that the word skoymus is said to be related
to the German scheuen, Swedish sky, English shyy
French eschever (eschew). To the learned gen-
tleman who gave me the above I suggested that
our squeamish might have something to do with
it ; and I find Chaucer has
"But soth to say. he was som.del squaimous"
(Moxon's ed. 1848, p. 25.) But squeamish, which
would be allied to ashamed (cuVx^), is rather
meagre for
" Non horruisti Virginia uterum."
« Thou didst not abhor, &c."
J. B. WILKINSON.
Theatrical Property. — What is the supposed
amount of money invested in theatrical property
in the United Kingdom, and the supposed annual
revenue of such establishments ? T.
Preston Fitzgerald. — Can any of your readers
give me any information regarding Preston Fitz-
gerald, author of The Spaniard and Siorlamh ; a
430
NOTES AND QUERIES.
. NO 48., Nov. 29. '56.
traditional tale of Ireland, with other Poems, 8vo.,
1810; Spain Delivered, and other poems, 8vo.,
1813? * R. IKGLIS.
Punch and Judy. — Can any of your readers
inform me of the origin of the term and characters
of "Punch and Judy?"
Mr.* Timbs, in his work entitled Things not ge-
nerally known, says :
" Punch and Judy is the relic of an ancient m3rstery»
' Pontiiis cum JudceisJ or Pontius Pilate with the Jews ;
particularly in reference to St. Matt., xxvii. 19."*
On what grounds does this statement rest, and
where can I obtain some more satisfactory and
decisive explanation of it ? HENRY H. GODWIN.
42. Upper Gower Street, Bedford Square.
J. N. Barker. — Could any of your American
readers inform me whether an American author of
(he name of J. N. Barker is still living ? He
wrote The Indian Princess, Marmion, and other
dramas. Mr. Barker was an- alderman of Phila-
delphia. R. INGLIS.
Authorship of a Poem wanted. — Who was the
author of a poem which commences —
" Behold this ruin ! 'twas a skull,
Once of ethereal spirits full," &c.
and which is said to have been found in the ske-
leton case at the Royal Academy. A. P.
Armorial. — In a church in Leicestershire I
lately met with the following arms, impaled on the
sinister side of a shield, on an ancient monument :
Ermine, two chevronels, gules. If any of your
readers would inform me to what family the arms
may be correctly assigned, I should feel obliged.
JAYTEE.
" Olden Times:' — Who is the author of Olden
Times ; or the Rising of the Session, a comedy,
1841 ? It is said to have been written by a mem-
ber of the Scottish Supreme Law Courts.
R. INGLIS.
Ancient Parliamentary Speech. — I think the
following speech, which I found in a MS. journal
of proceedings in Parliament (circa 1630), worthy
of preservation ; and I hope, by sending it to " N.
& Q.," to receive some information both as to the
speaker and the subject of his speech : —
" June 9, 1628. Sir Robert Mansfield (fog.)
" In King James's time an Ambassador came ; and be-
cause he might not have the best ship to carry him over
[* Mr. Timbs is in this case quoting, we believe, from
" X. & Q.," 1st S. v. 610. In vol. vi. p. 43. it was sug-
gested that Judy was a corruption of Judas, and the
original querist asked for his authority, and at p. 184. ad-
mitted he had received it on oral tradition, and could not
adduce any. Since then the question, which is a very
curious one, has been dropped. We are glad to see it
thus revived. — ED. " N. & Q."]
he went in a ship of his own; I then being Admiral,
made my Vice -Admiral never leave shooting at him till
he took in his flag."
In Rusliworth's Collections, vol. i. p. 285., he
mentions " Sir Robert Mansfield's fleet upon the
coast of Spain," A.D. 1621; and in p. 471., Sir
Robert Mansfield's expedition to Algiers, 1621 ;
but in the same vol., p. 34., " Sir Robert Mansel
sent into the Mediterranean seas, A.D. 1621 ;" and
Camden mentions Sir Robt. Mansel's departure in
August, 1620, and the result of Sir Robt. Mawn-
sell's expedition in October, 1621.
It would thus appear that the plain-spoken
Admiral was called indifferently Mansel, Maun-
sell, or Mansfield ; and we might suppose him to
be of the Mansells of Carmarthenshire, but Willis,
in his Notitia, p. 175., Parl. Anno 12 Jac. I. gives
us, as members of Parliament for Carmarthen :
" Carmarthen co., Robert Mansell, Knt.
. „ vil., Robert Mansfield, Knt."
Query, which of these is the real Simon Pure ?
or are they the same person, and Willis in error ?
Query second, who was the " Ambassador in
King James's time ?" and is the incident referred
to by Sir Robert to be found recorded in print ?
W. K. R. B.
Rhubarb, when introduced f Charles Bryant of
Norwich. — Is it known when rhubarb was first
grown in this country ? I have seen it asserted
that 1790 is the year, and Tottenham, in Middle-
sex, the place. This cannot be the case ; for
Bryant, in his Esculent Plants, 1783, mentions it
as being grown in England, and frequently used
for tarts.
Perhaps some of your botanical readers can give
further particulars as to Charles Bryant of Nor-
wich, and the period of his death.
HENRY T. RILET.
Jacolite Songs : Lord Lovat. — At the trial of
Lord Lovat, in 1747, for his connection with the
Scottish Rebellion of 1745, a witness deponed —
" That Lovat, with six others, signed and sealed an
association, and sent it to Paris and Rome by Murray of
Broughton in 1740, the purport of which was to inform
the Pretender of their readiness to appear in arms for his
service and soliciting an invasion from France, and that
these persons at their meetings drank healths and sung
catches, such as, Confusion to the white horse and all its
generation, and
' When Jemmy comes o'er,
We shall have blood and blows good store,''
which last were originally composed in Irish.'' — Scots
Mag. for March, 1747.
Can any of your correspondents furnish the
remaining lines of the above-mentioned ditties,
or say where the latter are to be found ? G. N.
The Sibyl. — On the fly-leaf of a copy of The
Curse of I&hama I find a note referring to the
2nd g. N° 48., Nov. 29. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
431
passnge in which Arvalan complains that his dis-
embodied spirit is exposed to heat and cold. It is :
« So Milton and the Sibyl
To earth's extremities thrust forth
With portals open to the north,
And windows where the poisonous rain
Plashes and drips thro' every pane;
Built by Niehdager's murky hands,
By Deadman's pool the palace stands.
The shore is strew'd with adder's teeth,
Half-frozen eddies spin beneath,
Floating their prey to Niehdag's curs,
Assassins, cheats, adulterers,
Their hateful bodies every one,
Picked by these monsters to the bone,
While their uncoated souls are sped
To the grim chambers of the dead."
Can any of your readers refer me to the sibyl-
line verses in the original, or to the rest of the
translation ? F. M. S.
Reading.
Clans of Scotland. — Can any of the readers of
" N". & Q." put me into the way of obtaining some
information respecting the clans and families of
Scotland, and also inform me which is the best
source to look to for a good account of Scotland
in the tenth century ? Mc C.
" The Ghost Walks." — Can any of your corre-
spondents inform me of the origin of the stage
slang for the salaries being paid, namely, "The
ghost walks." I have been quite unable to pro-
cure any information on the subject. D.
Philosophers alluded to by Dr. Johnson. — - Who
are Dr. Johnson's authorities for the following :
" It is said by modern philosophers, that not only the
great globes of matter are thinly scattered through the
universe, but the hardest bodies are so porous, that if all
matter were compressed to perfect solidity, it might be
contained in a cube of a few feet."
T. E. K
Dialects. —
" His Lordship then proceeded to review the state of
literature about that period, showing, from the literature
of both countries, produced during the reign of Elizabeth,
that there was then no difference in the dialects of Eng-
land and Scotland. He said, our English friends will
think I am encouraging, not nationality, but a narrow
spirit, when I speak a word in favour of the Scotch dialect.
We cannot speak broad Scotch now. England is the
larger country of the two, and must rule us in that re-
spect. But I mean to say, that in the reign of Elizabeth
there was not much distinction of dialects. It does not
appear when the present pronunciation of the English
language came into fashion." — Times Report.
The above is an extract from a speech delivered
by the Lord Advocate of Scotland, at the Falkirk
School of Arts, on the 29th ultimo. I shall be
obliged by you, or any of your learned readers,
giving me a reference to any authority in support
of the Lord Advocate's statement, that, in the
reign of Elizabeth, the dialects of England and
Scotland were identical. But what does his Lord-
ship mean by dialect ? Does he contend that at
the period alluded to, all classes, high and low,
spoke one dialect? and what was that dialect,
Scotch or English ? FRA. MEWBURN.
Larchfield, Darlington.
Arms of Sparrow Families. — CRUX (Oxon)
will be glad of the armorial bearings of the family
of Sparrow, or Sparrowe, of Bishton, co. Staff. ;
also Sparrow of Eylam, or Ham, co. Derby.
1750, et scq.
C, C. Coll., Oxon.
" Delia Opinione, Eegina del Hondo" — In
Thoughts on Religion, by Pascal (edit. Edin. 1751,
p. 105.), he says:
" Opinion is the universal disposer of things ; this
makes beauty and justice and happiness, and these make
all that is excellent upon earth. I would gladly see an
Italian piece, of which I know only the title, but such a
title as is worth many whole books, Delia opinions, regina
del, mondo. If it has nothing in it worse than this title I
subscribe to it heartily, unseen."
Can the work to which the distinguished
author refers how be produced, and what more
particulars respecting it ? Gr. 1ST.
" Call me not pale, but fair " — Who is the au-
thor of the above line, and where is it to be found ?
C. S. G. T.
Edinburgh.
The Brittox, a street in Devizes, Wiltshire, so
named. What is the derivation or meaning of
this ? R. H. B.
Bath.
Southey's Portugal. — I should be glad to know
if there is any hope that the literary executors of
the late Robert Southey will publish that part of
his "History of Portugal" which he left completed.
Mr. Warter (Notes to Southey s Letters, i. 96.)
states the MSS. to extend to a quarto volume.
W. M. M.
Prideaux Carew MS. — Has the Prideaux Ca-
rew MS., frequently referred to by Polwhele, in
his History of Cornwall, ever been published ? If
not, can it be consulted at any library, or is it
still in the hands of a private individual?
A HALF CORNISH MAN.
" PuUfor Prime."— What is the meaning of this
phrase, which occurs in the following passages :
" Piece-meal he gets lands, and spends as much time
Wringing each acre, as maids pulling prime."
Donne, Sat. ii. 86.
" Shepherds are honest people let them sing ;
Riddle who IJst, for me, and pull for Prime.'1
Herbert's poem, " Jordan"
j.y.
432
NOTES AND QUERIES.
s. NO 48., Nov. 29. '56.
German Concordance. — Is there any Con-
cordance to Luther's translation of the Scriptures
accessible to the Engltsh student ? Or is a word
only to be found by turning over each leaf of the
Bible successively ? ARACHNE.
tilutrtat tm'tlj
v Dr. George Campbell. — In the Biographie
Universelle a certain Discours sur les Miracles is
attributed to Dr. George Campbell, Professor of
Ecclesiastical History at St. Andrew's, born in
1696, and deceased in 1757. Am I wrong in con-
cluding that there is a confusion in this statement,
and that this Dissertation on Miracles should have
been attributed to Dr. George Campbell, Princi-
pal of Marischal College, Aberdeen, born in 1719
and deceased in 1796 ? Can any of your corre-
spondents kindly distinguish between these two
Dr. George Campbells, and give me any inform-
ation as to their writings, their connexion with
each other, and their respective descendants ?
C. W. B.
[The writer of the article in the Biographie Universelle
seems to have confounded Dr. George Campbell, Principal
of Marischal College, and author of Dissertation on Mira-
cles, with Dr. Archibald Campbell, Regius Professor of
Divinity in the University of St. Andrew's, and author of
The Authenticity of the Gospel History Justified, and the
Truth of the Christian Religion Demonstrated from the
Laws and Constitution of Human Nature, 2 vols. 8vo.
1759. The other work noticed in the article, Traiie sur
la Vertu Morale, is attributed by Watt to the Hon. Archi-
bald Campbell, the Nonjuror. The best account of Dr.
George Campbell will be found in Chambers's Biog. Diet,
of Eminent Scotsmen, i. 175. : see also Chalmers' or Rose's
Biographical Dictionary. ]
Sir Thomas Remington, of Lund, Knt. — Can
any of your correspondents give me particulars of
Sir Thomas Remington, of Lund, in Yorkshire,
living about the year 1647 ; the names, marriages,
&c. of his children, of whom he had several, and
anything of interest connected with them ? Is
the family supposed now to be extinct, and if not
who is its present representative ? Any one who
could furnish me with a pedigree of the family,
or indicate where such could be obtained, would
render me a service. T. P.
Hull.
[There does not appear to be any pedigree of Reming-
ton of Lund in the Visitations of Yorkshire. There is
one of Remington of Garby, co. York (Harl. MS. 1487,
fol. 491 Z>) deduced through four generations, of which the
last three are of the date 1612. In it is included Sir
Robert Remington of Saxay, Bart., who o. s. p., only child
of John Remington, son and heir of Richard. Remington
of Garby, eldest son of Richard Remington of Rascall, in
the Forest of Galtress, co. York, Gent., with whom the
pedigree commences. No arms are assigned in the Visit-
ation pedigree to the Remingtons. In Burke's Armory
the Remingtons of Lund are named, and the arms as-
signed to them are, Barry of twelve, argent and azure ;
over all a bend gules. Crest : a hand erect, holding a
broken tilting-spear, all proper.]
Marazion. — Kingsley states in Yeast a Pro-
blem, p. 255., that Marazion, a town in Cornwall,
was founded by Jews, and that its name means
the Bitterness of Sion. On what authority ?
ABHBA.
[" Marazion (vulgo, Market-jew) the sea-coast market,"
says Dr. Pryce in his Cornish Vocabulary. The origin of
the word, however, seems to have baffled our antiquaries.
" Marca-iewe, signifies in English, Market on the Thurs-
daj' " (Norden, p. 39.) " Marcaiew, of Marhas Diew, in
English, the Thursdaies market ; for then it useth this
traffike." (Carew, p. 156.) " Markiu, Forum Jovis, quod
ibi Mercatus die Jovis habeatur." (Camden.) "The
name of Market-jew is the original and proper designa-
tion of that town, which had a market conceded to it in a
concession to the Mount ; while the name of Marazion is
the designation only of a new, a Jewish, and a western
part." (Leland, Itin., vii. 117.) See Polwhele's Cornwall,
iii. 222. Supp. p. 13."]
Quotation wanted : " Carmine di superi" fyc. —
Where am I to find —
" Carmine di super! placantur, carmine Manes " ?
W. T. M.
Hong Kong.
[See Horace, Epist. lib. ii. ep. i. 1. 138.]
Martin Expence. — I should be glad if one of
your readers would give some solution to the fol-
lowing, which I copied from a brass plate in the
Lady Chapel in Clewer Church some time since :
" He that liethe under this stone
Shott with a hundred men himselfe alone ;
This is trew that I do saye,
The matche was shott in Quid Fielde at Bray.
I will tell before you go hence
That his name was Martine Expence."
H. C. P.
[None of the toxophilite brotherhood seem to know
any thing more of Martin Expence or of his marvellous
exploits, than what is told in the indifferent lines of his
epitaph, namely, that he was a famous archer who shot
a match against a hundred men, near Bray in Berkshire.]
COACH MISERIES.
(2nd S. ii. 126. 313.)
Some allusions having been made in "N. &
Q." to the miseries and inconveniences of coach
travelling in former days, as compared with the
comfort, speed, and facilities of the present rail-
way system, I am tempted to place on record a
memorable journey made by myself in 1814 ; the
circumstances attending which were so extraor-
dinary, that I fear they will hardly obtain credit
with those who have been born since the intro-
duction of railways, especially when it is considered
that the same journey, which here took two days
2nd g. N° 48., Nov. 29. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
433
and a night to accomplish, may now be completed
in about three hours. In the year 1814, being
then a student at Oxford, accompanied by my
sister, who was going to pay a visit to some
friends in London, we left Shropshire in January,
intending to pass a couple of days on our way with
some friends at Edgbaston, near Birmingham.
The weather was exceedingly cold, and during
our stay at Edgbaston* the memorable fall of
snow took place which blocked up all the roads
between Birmingham and London, the drifts
about Dunchurch being twenty-four feet deep,
and all travelling and communication was com-
pletely at an end. It was fortunate for us, under
these circumstances, that we were so comfortably
housed, without the expense and discomfort of
remaining at an inn during that inclement season.
For several days did I come down to Birmingham
every morning to inquire into the state of the
roads, and when the travelling was likely to be
resumed, — but all to no purpose. I was extremely
anxious to get to my journey's end, not only be-
cause Term had commenced, and I was fearful of
losing its benefit, but also because I was preparing
for my examination for the degree of B.A., which
was shortly to come on. Notwithstanding, how-
ever, the labour that was employed in clearing the
roads, the drifts were so deep, and had so com-
pletely choked up the way, especially in the
neighbourhood of Long Compton, and fronr there
to Chapel House in Oxfordshire, that several days
elapsed before a way was cut through. At last
tidings came that the road was clear, and that the
coaches would commence running again. We
left Birmingham in one of the first that went, con-
taining six inside, including, besides my sister and
myself, an elderly benevolent-looking gentleman,
a young man, and two females. With great diffi-
culty we got to Stratford-upon-Avon, twenty-two
miles, the first day, and had to stay there at an
inn all night. The second day we started early,
and in going along — the track that was cut
through the drift being only wide enough for one
coach — we met the Shrewsbury and Holyhead
mail, the first coach which had left London, and
which diverging a little on one side to accommo-
date us, was thrown over into the drift, and we
* I was in the habit of staying at Edgbaston on my
way to and from Oxford, and another late discussion in
"N. & Q." (" Wager of Battel," 2nd S. ii. 241.) reminds
me that I happened to be stopping there on the very day
that Mary Ashford was murdered by Abel Thornton. A
few friends had been invited to meet me, and we were
waited upon by a nice-looking young woman, a sister of
Mary Ashford ; and I well recollect our being cautioned
not to allude to the shocking occurrence which had taken
place — the lady of the house wishing to postpone the com-
munication of the event till the company had left, fearing
the effect it might have upon her sister, and being anxious
to break it to her in the kindest and best manner she was
able.
all had to turn out and help to raise the coach
again, being nearly buried ourselves in the snow.
This was a work of some labour and time before
it was accomplished. As we approached Long
Compton the drifts were still heavier, and near to
Chapel House, the road itself being so much below
the land on each side, the snow had completely
filled it up ; and as the more easy plan of getting
along, the hedges which divided the fields had been
levelled, the ditches filled up, and for nearly seven
miles the coach pursued its slow progress over the
furrows of the corn fields, and in one place
through a farm-yard. Having been once nearly
overturned ourselves, which caused another long
stoppage, wet with our exertions in the snow,
tired and benumbed with cold, we arrived in Ox-
ford about five o'clock on the evening of the
second day. My sister was exceedingly distressed
at parting with me there, and also at not having
been able to communicate with her friends in
London, who were expecting her arrival ; and I
felt uncomfortable at being obliged to leave her
with the prospect of travelling all night in such
an inclement season among entire strangers.
Having been assured, however, by the elderly
gentleman, with whose kindness and attention we
had been much pleased, that he would not leave
her, whatever hour they might arrive in London,
till he had safely deposited her with her friends, I
became more reconciled. She arrived early on
the morning of the third day before daylight,
without any more perils, and havwig knocked up
her friends, the gentleman fulfilled his promise by
safely leaving her with them ; and on taking his
departure, only begged in return that she would
favour him with a call during her stay in London,
as he had become deeply interested about her,
from her great resemblance to a dear and favour-
ite daughter whom he had lately lost. It ia
hardly necessary to add that the visit was gladly
paid.
The reader will remember that it was during
this time in the same year, 1814, that the Thames
was frozen over, and the great fair held on the
ice, and that so severe a winter had not been
known for forty years. The snow plough was first
used on this occasion. T. C.
"CANDIDE" AND "THE QUARTERLY REVIEW."
(2nd S. ii. 349.)
I have the edition of Candida mentioned by
your correspondent, published in 1759, where the
passage referred to stands thus :
" Quel est done, disaient les cinq Hois, ce simple par-
ticulier qui est en 4tat de donner cent fois autant que
chacun de nous et qui le donne."
I have also a translation published by C. Cooke,
434
NOTES AND QUEBIES.
[3«4S.N«48,Nov. 29. '56.
Paternoster Row, without date ; but probably
about 1809, in which these words are translated
as follows : ,
" ' Who can this private person be,' said the five
princes, 'who is able to give, and has given, an hundred
times as much as any of us ?' "
Various additions appear to have been made to
Candida at different times, as in this translation
occur several passages which are not in the French
edition I have mentioned. This edition does not
contain the second part, which is introduced in
the translation with the following note :
" It was thought that Dr. Ralph had no intention to
carry on his Treatise of Optimism any further, and there-
fore it was translated and published as a complete piece ;
but Ralph, spirited up by the little cabals of the German
universities, added a second part, which we have caused
to be translated to satisfy the impatience of the public,
and especially of such who are diverted with the witti-
cisms of Master Alibron ; who know what a Merry-An-
drew is, and who never read the Journal of Trevoux."
(Query, What does the last portion of this note
refer to ?)
It seems probable, from this and other addi-
tions in the translation (ex. gr. the scene with the
marquise after the theatre), that further inter-
polations may have been afterwards made, and
that the words, "Are you also a king?" &c.,
quoted by the Quarterly reviewer, were inserted
in some edition subsequent to this translation,
though I have never seen them ; and I agree with
your correspondent, rather than with the reviewer,
that they are wanting in the dry smartness and
humour of Voltaire. The translation from which
I have quoted was, not improbably, made from
the Paris edition of 1809. W. R. M.
In my edition of Lcs Romans de Voltaire, Paris,
de Vimprimerie de Pierre Didot, An. 8, 1800, the
remark of Candide, eulogised by the reviewer in
the Quarterly, is not to be found.
Such an observation would not have been in
good taste when addressed to several unfortunate
monarchs, whose only solace in their present
misfortunes was the recollection of their former
dignity. ANON.
WHICH IS THE QUERCTJS ROBUR ?
(2nd S. ii. 309. 358.)
I am obliged to MR. FRERE for his Note in an-
swer to my Query, but it does not give me any
information on the subject. Evelyn was more a
lover of trees than a botanist, and does not give
what I wish to have ; neither does Low in his ex-
cellent work on Landed Properly, as far as my
memory serves me. Selby's Forest Trees I do
not know, and have no present means of access
to. And the forty references to the Gardener's
Chronicle, extending over a period of sixteen
years, are equally inaccessible to me. I conclude
a considerable discussion has taken place on this
subject in its columns. If MR. FRERE will inform
the readers of " N. & Q." what result has been
arrived at, I am sure they will forgive him, even
if he does give them some long extracts from what
has already appeared in print. When the late
Mr. Loud on published his Arboretum, the con-
clusion I came to was, that, with all the pains he-
had taken, he could not solve the question satis-
factorily as to which is the true Quercus robur.
Mr. Rivers, the intelligent nurseryman of Saw-
bridgeworth, Herts, gave me the following in-
formation some few years since :
" The Quercus mas is the Q. sessiliflora of modern au-
thors. It may still be seen in the remains of a wood at
Norwood. It is very rare in the eastern counties. It is
frequently seen in Devonshire ; on the banks of the Dart,
going from Totness to Dartmouth, it is common ; in Sus-
sex it is not uncommon. In the forest of Fontainbleau,
among the sandstone rocks, and, indeed, in all parts of the
forest, the oaks are Q. sessiliflora. The trees are very
lofty, but not umbrageous like Q. pedunculata. I fancied
I saw some hybrids in the borders of the forest."
I have two trees of the Q. sessiliflora raised
from seed and planted seventy or eighty years
since by my grandfather, and near them is another
oak that seems a hybrid, also planted at the same
time. The foliage of the Q. sessiliflora is dark,
more regularly indented and more beautiful than
the Q. pedunculata, the common oak of Essex.
To ornamental planters I should recommend
them, but doubt their growing as freely as the
Q. pedunculata. I hope some of your country
readers will observe any fine trees, and make a
Note. A. HOLT WHITE.
In my rambles through Ugbrooke Park, in the
parish of Chudleigh, Devon, where there are
great numbers of this tree, the old English oak,
many of them centuries old, as well as some of the
Quercus sessiliflora, I have this day collected
acorns of both trees ; those from the Q. robur
have long stalks from the cup or calix, whilst the
others are so sessile as scarcely to show any stalk
at all. Some very large trees of the Q. robur are
growing on the vallum of an old British encamp-
ment in the park, which must have sprung up
there years after it had ceased to be the outwork
of the camp, the old ivy encircling some of them
having a circumference of thirty-six inches and
upwards in its stalk. The Q. robur is preferred
by all workers in hard wood for houses, ships,
waggons, machinery, &c. It is a large and hand-
some tree, growing fifty, and even one hundred
feet high, with a rough bark, widely extended
branches, which are nearly horizontal, and some-
what zigzag. The leaves are alternate and nearly
sessile, with a single mid-rib, and veins passing
2nd S. N° 48., Nov. 29. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
435
into each lobe, the petioles very small, of a red-
dish green. The best account of both these
British oaks that has ever been written is given
in Mr. London's Arboretum et Fruticetum Britan-
nicum. In that excellent work Mr. Loudon has
brought together and arranged everything that is
known at present respecting the geography, his-
tory, biography, properties, uses, propagation,
culture, statistics, &c., of this " King of the Fo-
rest," with descriptions and portraits of all the
most remarkable specimens of it. The British
oak alone occupies 112 closely printed pages.
Much valuable information also may be ob-
tained from Dr. Withering's Botanical Arrange-
mentS) seventh edition, and from Miss Kent's
Sylvan Sketches. W. COLLYNS.
Chudleigh.
" CARMINA QUADRAGESIMALIA."
(2nd S. ii. 355.)
The information, which our correspondence has
elicited, concerning the authorship of these poems,
is a proof of the great advantage of such a pub-
lication as "N. & Q." I beg to thank B. N. C.
for the lists which he has furnished ; but I must
express a hope that something more may yet be
found. There must be other copies of these books
in existence, containing the names of the authors.
I am not disposed to let the matter rest without
another effort to get more information. It is very
desirable to reduce the long list of anonymous
poems ; and also to clear away, as far as possible,
the variations between B. N. C.'s lists and my
own. The name which I wrote as Tubb may be
Jubb, as it appears in B. N. C.'s copy. The ini-
tial letter in mine may be taken either for J. or
T. It is written, however, exactly in the same
form in the name of Thomas, No. 41. It was
this that made me decide in favour of Tubb.
These poems must now be getting scarce.
Would not a new and neat edition of them be
acceptable ? They were much used in the school
here in my time. W. H. GUNNER.
Winchester.
CAN INCUBATING PARTRIDGES BE SCENTED BY
DOGS ?
(2nd S. ii. 350.)
Although an old sportsman I have never known
this question raised before.* I can easily see,
however, that dogs may have great difficulty in
scenting a partridge whilst sitting on its nest, be-
cause it has long remained without moving from
* In my experience it has ever been the practice not to
permit any dog to beat any field during the breeding
season.
it. I have often noticed the difficulty dogs have
in finding a bird which has been killed so per-
fectly dead as not to move after it has fallen.
Where a bird has spired (i. e. gone straight up
into the air) in consequence of being wounded in
the back, and fallen dead, I have many a time
seen it lying on the bare ground, and have seen
my dogs pass and repass close to it without scent-
ing it at all ; indeed, I do not remember a dog
ever finding such a bird, unless he actually saw it.*
In these cases it may be said the bird is dead, and
therefore there is no scent ; but every sportsman
knows how frequently dogs pass close to hares in
their forms without perceiving them, especially in
the earlier part of the season. I never have been
able to determine with certainty on what scent
depends. I suspect it is left by the feet of
animals and birds on the ground as they move. If
it were their breath, on a windy day it would be
carried away.
On sundry occasions I have remarked that par-
tridges make their nests by the sides of public
roads. I remember a nest in a small patch of
gorse between the footpath and carriage track of
the same public road, and two years ago I had
one covey bred in a hedge by the side of a foot-
path, and another in the hedge by the side of a
carriage road. Partridges, however, are not sin-
gular in this respect. Magpies, chaffinches, yel-
low-hammers, and other birds, seem equally prone
to prefer the proximity of a public road for their
nests. C. S. GREAVES.
I am very sceptical on this subject. As an old
sportsman, I know a good dog will often go
within a very short distance of a single bird, when
perfectly still, without winding it. I have often
seen this with wounded birds. A bird moving
seems to give more scent. After all no one
knows anything about scent : it is beyond the
knowledge of the oldest sportsman. " A southerly
wind and a cloudy sky " will not always prove a
hunting morning. A. HOLT WHITE.
ELEPHANTS EXASPERATED BY BLOOD OF MUL-
BERRIES, ETC.
(2nd S. ii. 388.)
Your correspondent BELPHOS inquires for the
authority of Dr. Henry More for stating, in his
Enthusiasmus Triumphatus, that elephants in bat-
tle are provoked by spreading before them the
* Birds spire from two causes, a wound in the head,
and a wound in the back ; in the latter case they bleed
internally, and always fall dead ; in the former they seem
to fall dead, but after falling nearly to the ground skim
along the surface to some hedge, &c., and are generally,
if not always, found alive. I once saw a pheasant spire.
436
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd s. N° 48., Nov. 29. '56.
blood of mulberries. He will find the curious
passage in the account of the war waged by An-
tiochus Epiphanes and Eupator against the Jews,
given by the unknown author who wrote the First
Book of Maccabees :
" To the end that they might provoke the elephants to
fight, they showed them the blood of grapes and of mul-
berries."—! Mac. vi. 34.
Dr. More, by using the expression spread " be-
fore" the elephants, evidently takes the word
" showed " in the English translation in its literal
sense, and infers that the sight of red juice or
blood of grapes and mulberries may have served
to exasperate the animal. But the word in the
Septuagint (eSe^az/), which is rendered *' showed "
in the English version, is to be construed as phy-
sicians do, when they talk of " exhibiting medi-
cines " to their patients. It means that the ele-
phants were made furious by forcing them to
drink wine, of grapes or mulberries. In this in-
stance the Third Book of Maccabees^ is the best
scholium on the First. It is not printed in our
Apocrypha, but will be found in the Greek Sep-
tuagint ; and in describing the persecution of the
Jews at Alexandria by Ptolemy Philopator, B.C.
210, the author relates (ch. v. v. 2.) that the king,
preparatory to causing them to be trampled to
death by elephants in the hippodrome, ordered
Hermo, their keeper, to dose them (TTOT/O-CU) the day
before with frankincense and undiluted wine, and
the order was obeyed by that officer :
" 'O Se *Ep/ztov TOU? avrjAeei? eXe^avra? Tnmcras 7re7rA.7jpw/iie-
voi/5 TT?S rot) oivov TroAAijs x°Pnylas" — Ib. V. 2.
And the potion was repeated (v. 45.) till the ele-
phants were excited to madness by the wine ; but
instead of trampling the Jews, they spent their
fury on the armed trqgps and guards, of whom
they destroyed numbers.
A later authority is Phile, a Greek of Constan-
tinople, and a contemporary of Dante and Pe-
trarch, who dedicated to Andronicus II. a poem
on the elephant, in the course of which he says, —
" Olvov Se TOV Tocrovrov eu</>paiVei Ki;At,£
vQv 6 rpvyrjTTjp eKKevol ran' /Jorputoj/
'OpeKTiwc Se KCU <r<j)aSa.£u>v ets jua^rjv
Kal T>7? opv^Tj; fKpotyel TT}S aypta?,
'fi? av 6 #iiju,6s axparfo? vno^eojv
'ApTK7TO.Tt.KWS KapSlWTTClJ' O7pVVV\"
Phile most probably borrowed much of his de-
scription of the habits of the elephant from JElian,
but I have not his work De Natura Animalium at
hand, to examine whether he mentions this parti-
cular of the administering of wine.
J. EMERSON TENNENT.
PHOTOGRAPHIC NOTES.
Delamotte's Oxymel Process. — When a practised pho-
tographer like Mr. Delamotte expresses his belief of
any novelty in the art, that it is undoubtedly the most
valuable discovery that has been made since Mr. Scott
Archer introduced collodion, photographers may well feel
assured that it deserves their attention : and that being
the case with regard to the use of oxymel, as suggested
by Mr. Llewellyn, our photographic friends will be glad to
know that Mr. Delamotte has published a little treatise
upon the subject. The Oxymel Process in Photography,
by P. Delamotte, will enable them to try for themselves
the advantages of a discovery by which, to use Mr. Dela-
motte's words, " all jthe beautiful delicacy of the finest
collodion pictures may be obtained with the convenience
of the paper process, and with much more certainty and
much greater ease."
Howle.it on Printing Photographs. — What we have just
said with reference to Mr. Delamotte is applicable to Mr.
Hewlett. This gentleman has been so successful as a
photographer, and as a printer of photographs — for some
copies of architectural drawings by Indian artists which
we have seen lately, copied and printed by him, we reckon
among the triumphs of photography — • that his sugges-
tions as to the best mode of multiplying photographs
must command attention ; and there can be no doubt
that the brochure which he has just published On the
various Methods of Printing Photographic Pictures, tvith a
few Hints on their Preservation, well deserves the perusal
of all who have negatives of which they desire to multiply
impressions.
Maull and Poll/blank's " Living Celebrities." — We have
received two more numbers of this very interesting series
of portraits. The first gives us a portrait of the great
sculptor, Edward Hodges Baily, whose " Eve at the
Fountain " is dear to all lovers of the beautiful. The next
furnishes us with a portrait of Samuel Warren, whose
" Diary of a late Physician," and " Ten Thousand a Year,"
are familiar to all readers. Both portraits are of great
interest ; and when we consider what we would give for
such a truthful series of the notables of the reigns of
Elizabeth or Anne, we may anticipate the delight with
which future generations will regard these " Living Ce-
lebrities " of the age of Victoria.
tfl
Scriptural Legends on English Coins (2nd S. i.
313. 358.) — It is not improbable that the legend
" Jesus autem transiens," &c. — " But Jesus, pass-
ing through the midst of them, went his way," —
may have been adopted by Edward III., in thank-
ful remembrance of his deliverance from the hands
of his mother and her " sweet Mortimer ; " and of
the peculiar circumstances under which they were
surprised by him and Lord Montacute, who made
his way into ,the interior of Nottingham Castle
through the subterraneous passage since known as
" Mortimer's Hole." I am aware that some thir-
teen years intervened. HENRY T. RILEY.
Derivation of "Folly" (2nd S. ii. 349.) — C. W.
BINGHAM is certainly mistaken. I have myself
witnessed the birth and baptism of two or three of
those structures, popularly and justly enough,
called Follies, — foolish extravagance ! The word
foillies, cil^d by C. W. BINGHAM, is of an entirely
different derivation and meaning ; it is only old
French forfeuilles, leaves, from the Greek
2nd s. N« 48., Nov. 29. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
437
and the Latin folium. In Cole's Old English
Dictionary we find "foils, leaves ; " and it is still
in common use amongst us in its secondary sense
of any thin substance : so that the phrase loges a
foillies means only "bowers of leaves." ^ The
English fool, French fol and fou, and their de-
rivatives, are supposed to be of northern origin.
C.
Fernando Colombo and Henry VII. (2nd S.^ii.
170.) — Your correspondent will find some in-
teresting information on this subject in Sharon
Turner's History of England, reign of Richard III.
If, as that author suggests, Christopher Columbus
(under the name of Colon) was in the service of
Richard III., his brother could hardly expect to
find a very favourable reception from Henry VII.
I believe I am correct in stating that the office
supposed by the historian to have been held by
Columbus was the governorship of Richborough
Castle, in Kent. HENRY T. RILEY.
Dramatic Works: "The Unknown" (1st S. xi.
444.) — The drama entitled The Unknown was
written by the Rev. Dr. Vardill, and was per-
formed at the Surrey Theatre in 1819. Dr. Var-
dill (who died in 1811) was rector of Skirbeck
and Fishtoft, in the county of Lincoln. Dr. V.'s
daughter, Miss Anna Jane Vardill, is the author
of The Pleasures of Human Life, a poem published
in 1812. R. INGLIS.
Posture during the " Sursum Corda " and the
" Sanctus " (2nd S. ii. 68.) — The proper posture
of persons during the Sursum Corda and the
Sanctus is standing. Such has been the custom
from the earliest times of the Church. Likewise
the posture during the Psalms and Lessons should
be the contrary : sitting for the Psalms, and stand-
ing for the Lessons. NOTSA.
" Fagot, ficatum," frc. (2nd S. i. 236.) — It is
more than hinted that there is " no instance of i
and a being confounded in etymology." By con-
found I suppose is here meant interchange ; and if
so be, may I suggest to your correspondent the
word language itself, which forms a double instance,
lingua, language, lingo, and slang ; also superficies,
surface, salient, resilient, sine, sans, &c. ; and also
among the Teutonic derivatives, band, bind, nacht,
night, &c. ? I could enumerate many more, but
these may, perhaps, suffice. C. DE LA PRYME.
Tothill Pedigree (2nd S. ii. 372.) — Though un-
able to furnish the pedigree, I am enabled to give
A. some particulars, touching this family, from
Lipscomb's Buckinghamshire :
" In the time of Q. Elizabeth, the family of Tothill had
acquired from the Cheynes the manor of Shardeloes (not
Shardelves). William Tothill, Esq., who was one of the
Six Clerks in Chancery, and married Catherine, daughter
of Sir John" Denham, Knt., appears to have resided
at Shardeloes. They had the extraordinary number
of thirty-three children. Joane, the eldest daughter
arid co-heiress, was married to Francis Drake, Esq., of
Esher in Surrey, a Gentleman of the Privy Chamber to
K. James I." — Vol. iii. pp. 153, 154.
This unfortunate lady, soon after her marriage,
fell into a state of ill health and deep melancholy ;
and " a most extraordinary statement of her ma-
lady appeared in a very scarce tract, intituled
The Firebrand taken out of the Fire, or the Won-
derful History, Case, and Cure of Mrs. Drake,"
SfC. (Ibid.). By the register of Amersham, long
the residence of some member of the Drake family,
it appears that " Mrs. Katherine Tothill, late wife
of William Tothill, was there buried, 29 June,
1626 ;" and "William Tothill, Esq., bur. 10 De-
cember, 1626." To- this William Tothill and
Catherine his wife there still exists a monument
in the church of the said hamlet, with a long Latin
inscription. (Ibid., p. 168.) C. H.
Rose of Jericho (1st S. xi. 449. ; 2nd S. ii. 236.)
— This plant being again mentioned, I send a
Note respecting it. I have a seed-vessel which I
doubt not is that of the flower described by De
Saulcy as like a large eastern daisy. It has the
hygrometrical properties he witnessed. High bo-
tanical authority decides it a Mesembryanthemum ;
and it resembles the seed-vessel of the annual
pink Mes., which I have grown on purpose to
compare with it. But as far as I can ascertain,
without injuring my specimen, the seeds do not
seem to be united to the interior angle of the cell.
I say "seem," because we have examined one
division only ; in that, they were unattached :
can this arise from age ? or be caused by repeated
exercise of its curious property ? Though pro-
bably the blossom is even less like a true rose
than Helianthemum roseum is, (which Monro and
Wilde think the "Rose of Sharon,") surely a
Mesem. has a better claim to the title than the
Anastatica, which is a cruciform plant. Has any
modern traveller found a large pink Mesem. on
the plain where De Saulcy found the seed-vessel ?
He calls it a "small flower;" but judging by the
size of the seed-vessel, as compared with that of
Mesem. roseum, my flower must have been as
large as the yellow annual species. If the plant
were very common, even where De Saulcy found
it, it would scarcely have been lost sight of, and
replaced by the Kaff unary am; but it is worth
seeking, as it is probably quite as hardy as our
greenhouse species.
I suspect that a green spongy ball, given to us
as a great curiosity, may be Lycopodium lepido-
phyllum. I placed it in water, but it does not
open so completely as F. C. H. describes. Is this
from age ? I have had it about fifteen years.
F. C. B.
Diss.
438
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd g. NO 48., Nov. 29. '5G.
Mayor of London, 1335 (2nd S. ii. 213. 293.) —
Harl. MS. 6178, Britien Museum, contains a roll
of arms of the mayors and sheriffs of London ; and
for the year 1335, gives Me. Woton for mayor,
with his coat, Argent, a saltire engrailed gable.
The sheriffs are stated to be Walter Mordon and
Richard Upton. Although some of your corre-
spondents have quoted other names as sheriffs
for this year, I think there can be no doubt but
that the above are correct. As regards the mayor,
the roll of arms in the above-named MS. appears
very like proof; but I should imagine there
must be some records among the city archives
that would place the matter beyond a doubt. In
the absence of this proof, I would suggest that, pro-
bably, Wotton may have been locum tenens during
the absence of Reginald at Conduit ; or possibly
Reginald may have died towards the end of his
mayoralty, and Wotton filled the vacant chair for
a short time. W. (Bombay.)
London.
Public Preachers (2nd S. ii. 373.) — It is pro-
bable the inquiries of your correspondent may be
forwarded by the following extracts made by per-
mission of the Rev. Richard Rigg, the rector of
the church of St. Clements, Pyebridge, Norwich,
from the registers of that parish :
" Samuel Robarts, the sonne of Mr Thomas Robarts,
preacher publique to this City, was buried ye 19 day of
Sept. 1580."
" Mr Thomas Robards, preacher of the Lord's word to
this Citye, was buryed the 16 day of June, An. Din.
1584."
The wording of these two extracts affords suffi-
cient evidence that there did exist, at this early
period, an office which held some control over
the public preachers of the age. The appoint-
ment or control over persons selected for these
duties appears to have been invested in some com-
mission ; but of whom composed, whether lay or
clerical, is not now precisely denned. But suffi-
cient evidence does exist in the above extracts,
that the appointment was deemed a post of honour
and worthy of record.
The explanatory note bears evidence only to
the period of the Commonwealth, but these dates
bear reference to a far antecedent period, And
when the state of the religious community was
under widely different principles. Elizabeth was
extricating her subjects from Romanism : Crom-
well was involving the nation in the confusion
consequent on a non-ritual church.
The councils in selecting the " Triers " had at
different periods distinct duties to perform. The
dissimilitude in the services of the " preachers pub-
lique" of the Queen and the "public preachers"
of the Commonwealth must have been great under
the different forms of Church government, and of
an opposing mode of thinking and teaching. What
they were during the long period when agitation,
doubt, and change, powerfully operated on the
minds of the community at large, is a subject well
worthy the attention of the Camden Society.
HENRY DAVENEY.
Rawsons of Fryston, Sec. ; Rowland Whyle
(2nd S. ii. 27.) — G. R. C. will find a letter or
letters written by a person named Rowland Wliyte
(also called Wynne), in the Sidney Correspondence.
He was steward, I believe, to Sir Henry Sidney,
the father of Sir Philip Sidney, and of Mary,
Countess of Pembroke. I doubt, however, if this
is the person whom he is in search of.
HENRY T. RTLEY.
Colouring Natural Flowers (2nd S. ii. 371.) —
The colour of flowers is changed only by an alter-
ation of the particles of matter forming the petals,
and this is produced by chemical decomposition,
or by the action of light. It does not depend
upon the colour of the water.
The question reminds me of a story, that white
roses budded on Hack currant trees will produce
Hack flowers. But I never saw it done; nor do I
know any instance of a white man becoming black
by drinking black tea. VECHS.
" The Innocents" (1st S. ix. 272.) — The Inno-
cents, a Sacred Drama, and other Poems, was
written by Mrs. Edwin Toby Caulfield. This
lady is also the author of The Deluge, a dramatic
poem, published in 1837. R. INGLIS.
Inscriptions on Church Bells, Cumnor (2nd S. ii.
299.) —
" 1. (A.D. 1717. 7 Henry Knight made me.
4. (A.D. 1620.]" (T. B. I. C. 1717.)
2. & 3. Churchwardens' Names.
5. Let your hope be in the LORD. E, K. 1G23.
6. GOD prosper the Church of England. 1700. Abr.
Rudhall."
MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A.
I think you have not been furnished with the
following inscriptions on the six bells of St.
Peter's Church, Shaftesbury, which I take from
Hutchins' Dorset, vol. ii. p. 427. :
" 1. A wonder great my eye I fix,
Where was but three you may see six.
1684 — T. P.
2. When I do ring, prepare to pray.
R. A. S. T. 13. 1670.
3. Wm. Cockey, Bell-founder. 1738.
4. Mr. Henry Saunders, and Mr. Richard Wilkins,
c'Mv-d* W. C. 1738.
5. While thus we join in chearful sound,
May love and loyalty abound.
H. Oram, c. warden.
R. Wells, Aldbourne, fecit, 1770.
6. When you hear me for to toll,
Then pray to God to save the soul.
Anno Domini 1672.
T. H. R. W. C. W. T. P."
C. S. GREAVES.
2nd s. N° 48., Nov. 29. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
439
Celtic Element in the English Language (2nd S.
ii. 308.) — Perhaps the following works may as-
sist MR. EDEN WARWICK :
"The Way to Things by Words, and to Words by
Things ; being a Sketch of an Attempt at the Retrieval
of the Antient Celtic, by John Cleland. 8vo. 1766."
" Specimen of an Ethnological Vocabulary, or Essay,
by means of the Analitic Method, to retrieve the Antient
Celtic, by John Cleland. 8vo. 1768."
" Moria Antiqua Restaurata, an Archaeological Dis-
course on the Antiquities, natural and historical, of the
Isle of Anglesey, the ancient Seat of the British Druids ;
to which is added, a Comparative Table of Primitive
Words, &c. &c., by H. Rowland. Second Edition en-
larged by Dr. Owen. 4to. 1766."
" Celtic Researches on the Origin, Traditions, and Lan-
guage of the Ancient Britons ; with some introductory
Sketches on Primitive Society, by E. Davies. Ro}ral 8vo.
1804."
" Memoirs of the Celts (containing Specimens of Celtic
Dialects, and a Bibliotheca Celtica), bv Joseph Ritson.
8vo. 1827."
EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
John Knoxs Prophecy (2nd S. i. 270.) — His
prayer or prophecy here mentioned was not ful-
filled. Henry IV. of France was succeeded by
his son Louis XIII. ; and that monarch by his son
Louis XIV. HENRY T. RILEY.
Almshouses recently founded (2nd S. ii. 189.300.)
— At Lamesley, in the county of Durham, by
Maria Susannah Lady Ravenswortb, mother of
the present peer. E. H. A.
Gascoigne Almshouses for four old men and
four old women, Aberford, Yorkshire. Founded
1842. C. P. E.
Races on Foot ly Naked Men (2nd S. ii. 329.) —
A Query made in " N. & Q." is worth answering,
even although its use does not appear to the an-
swerer.
In August, 1855, on the second day of Ayr
Races, there were two foot matches run by men
naked all but a narrow slip of cloth round their
loins. In the first race six ran for a prize of 50Z.,
the distance ten miles, eight times round the race-
course. In the second race the prize was 10Z.,
and the distance half a mile. The appearance of
the men did not appear to excite either surprise or
dislike among those present ; but strong disappro-
bation was expressed by the journals not of the
immediate neighbourhood. The races were not
repeated at the meeting of this year. A. M.
Greenock.
Continuation of Don Juan (2nd S. ii. 229.)— Five
Cantos of a poem, with the above title, were pub-
lished by Paget & Co., Bury Street, St. James's.
No date nor author's name is attached; but the
date I should guess to be about 1842, and the
author Mr. G. W. M. Reynolds.
P. J. F. GANTILLON.
" Receipt'1 or "Recipe" (1st S. viii. 583.)
W. E. asks whether receipt for recipe is to be ad-
mitted into the English language.
I think it will be difficult to oust it from the
place which it has occupied for upwards of two
centuries ; especially when, unless I am mistaken,
recipe is of comparatively modern introduction.
Shakspeare writes in AW a Well that Ends Well
Act II. Sc. 1.:
". • • . On's bed of death
Many receipts he gave me. . ."
And again in Fir at Part of Henry IV.. Act II.
Sc. L:
" We steal as in a castle, cocksure : we have the receipt
of fern seed, we walk invisible."
Nor was the use of the word confined to Shak-
speare's time. In Hudibras, canto iii. line 11., we
have, —
" Some with a med'cine, and receipt,
Are drawn to nibble at the bait,"
And in Pope's Essay on Criticism, pt. i. line 114. :
" Some drily plain, without invention's aid,
Write dull receipts how poems may be made."
Doubtless recipe was, some time or other, the
usual commencement of a physician's prescription,
and was the more correct term for the physician
to use ; but surely the patient might correctly
enough call it a receptum.
Perhaps W. E. can produce an early instance of
the use of the word recipe. ERICA.
Warwick.
The last Gibbet erected in England (2nd S. ii.
216. 296.) — The last gibbet erected in England
was for George Cook, aged twenty-two, the mur-
derer of Mr. Paas, at Leicester ; the body was
put on a gibbet thirty-three feet high, on Satur-
day, August 11, 1832, in Saffron Lane, near the
Aylestone toll-gate, but was shortly afterwards
taken down by an order from the Under-Secre-
tary of State. EDWARD BROOKSHAW.
Pimlico.
" Wong" (2nd S. i. 47. ; ii. 79. 237.) — Thoroton
(Notts, Thoresby edition, ii. 230., under " Ma-
perley ") mentions certain closes under the name
of wong, i. e. Basfordwong and Cornerwong. Also,
at p. 20. of vol. iii., Thoroton tells us that Raph
de Crumwell, 27 E. L, " held a wong (culturam)
containing fifteen acres in Birton by the service
of one penny per annum." J. SANSOM.
NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.
It is no small relief to the reviewer, when called upon
to notice four goodly octavo volumes, containing between
three and four thousand pages, to find on the title the an-
nouncement that it is " the Tenth Edition, revised, cor-
440
NOTES AND QUERIES.
NO 48., Nov. 29. '56.
rected, and brought down to the present Time." These
creditable words appear in front of a work now before us
— a work of established Deputation, and which has now
for nearly forty years supplied English readers with a
mass of most useful and practical information for their
guidance in the study of the Sacred Writings. We need
scarcely say that the work we thus refer to is An Intro-
duction to the Critical Study and Knowledge of the* Holy
Scriptures, by the Rev. Thomas Hartwell Home, B.D. ;
but we may state that it is a peculiarity of this new re-
vised and enlarged edition, that in its production the
editor has had the cooperation of the Rev. Samuel Da-
vidson, D.D., author of the Treatise on Biblical Criticism,
and of the Rev. Samuel Prideaux Tregelles, LL. D.,
author of Remarks on the Printed Text of the Greek Testa-
ment, 8fc. After sixty years of almost incessant literary
toil, the reverend author of the work might well be ex-
pected to need assistance in bringing his work up to the
present state of biblical learning : and each of the writers
so called in has been employed in that particular division
Avith which he is most familiar. Thus, while the first
volume, which is devoted to a Critical Inquiry into the
Genuineness, Authenticity, Uncorrupted Preservation, and
Inspiration of the Holy Scriptures, and the third volume
containing a Summary of Biblical Geography and Anti-
quities, are by the original author, volume the second,
which is devoted to the Criticism and Interpretation of
the Old Testament, as well as the interpretation of the Bible
generally, is by Dr. Davidson ; — while the fourth volume
again, which is devoted to The Literature and Analysis
of the New Testament, is in two Parts : the first, contain-
ing an Introduction to the Textual Criticism of the New
Testament, being by Dr. Tregelles, and the second, com-
prising Copious Critical Prefaces to the New Testament,
and Synopses of their Contents, being by the author and
Dr. Tregelles ; and who have again laboured conjointly
at the Appendix to this fourth volume, which contains
Bibliographical and Critical Notices of the Principal Edi-
tions of the Old and New Testaments, Polyglott Bibles,
Ancient Versions of the Scriptures, and the Apocryphal
Books of the Old and New Testaments. We have thus
shown how the great labour of preparing the new edition
of this work has been divided; and we cannot better
conclude this notice, than in the very words with which
the editor winds up his own Preface : — " Such are the
plan and object of the work once more submitted to the
candour of the public, in the hope that, with the Divine
Blessing, it may continue to facilitate the study of the
Holy Scriptures, which are able to make us wise unto
Salvation through Faith in Christ Jesus."
Under the title of The Eighteenth Century, or Illustra-
tions of the Manners and Customs of our Grandfathers,
Mr. Alexander Andrews, a frequent contributor to these
columns, has given us a gossiping collection of "shreds
and patches" on almost every phase of our social condi-
tion in the past century, which will be read with con-
siderable interest and amusement ; and would have been
really valuable as a book of reference, had Mr. Andrews
quoted his authorities more strictly, and given us an
Index.
The Somersetshire Archaeological and Natural History
Society have just published their Proceedings for the
Year 1855. It is quite equal to its predecessors in amount
of information, if not quite so varied in its character.
Dunster Church and Cleeve Abbey arc very fully illus-
trated.
The Transactions of the Surrey Archaeological Society.
1854, 1855, Vol. I. Part I., has also reached us. It is a
very creditable first number; and the various papers in
it show how wide and rich a field the Archaeologists of
Surrey have to cultivate.
The Transactions of the London and Middlesex Archaeo-
logical Society, Vol. L, Part I., has likewise just been issued.
It is altogether a most creditable volume. It is varied in
its contents, — the papers, many of them, being very able
ones, well printed and got up, and nicely illustrated ; and
altogether an admirable specimen of what a Local Archro-
ological Society can do.
The appearance of the various transactions, not only of
The Arch&ological Institute and The Archaeological Asso-
ciation, but of the various Local Societies, points unmis-
takeajbly to the necessity for seme great change in the
printing department of The Society of Antiquaries. Might
it not be worth the while of that venerable Society to
consider whether, in the present state of antiquarian
literature, its means and influence might not now be
better^employed in the production of a New Series of
The Vetusta Monumenta than in continuing The Archce-
ologia ?
BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES
WANTED TO PURCHASE.
WILLIS'S CURRENT NOTES. September, 1856.
CARDWELL'S REPLY TO CURTIS.
TURTON'S REPLY TO Cimns.
*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, carriage free, to be
sent to MESSRS. BF.LL & DALDY, Publishers of " .NOTES AND
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Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct to
the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and ad-
dresses are given for that purpose :
SHAKSPEARB'S WORKS. With Variorum Notes. 1813. 21 Vols. 8vo.
SHAKSPEARE'S LIBRARY. Ed. .Collier. 1840-1. Part 4, or the whole
work.
Wanted by Z. A. H., Post Office, Dartmouth Row, Blackheath.
ftatitest ta C0rr*4|tait&*ttttf.
We cannot undertake to return Papers which are not inserted.
N. H S. wiU find the Lines on London, which he desires to see. in our
1st S. vii. 258.
SIR THOMAS MORE'S HOUSE AT CHELSEA. The gentleman who for-
warded the curious article on this subject, inserted in " N. & Q." of Oct.
25, is requested to say where a letter may be addressed to him.
C. H. We should like to see some specimens of the proposed articles.
There is, no doubt, much early mythology mixed up with the names of
plant*.
J. H. A. BONE (Cleveland, Ohio) will find .the Carol'Jie wants in
Sandys' Christmas Carols, p. 157.
C . M. T. The s>gn o/The Grave Maurice is that of the " Graf Maurice"
and refers either to Maurice of Nassau, or Maurice, the brother of Prince
Rupert.
ERRATA. — 2nd S. ii. 40G. col. 2. 1. 22., for "Fop" read "Trump";
p. 419. col. 2. 1. 42., for " in the green " read " in the grain."
" NOTES AND QUERIES " is published at noon on Friday, and is also
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By LIEUT. R. W. HARDY, R.N., F.R.A.S.
BELL & DALDY, 186. Fleet Street.
2nd g. No 49., DEC. 6. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
441
LONDON, SATURDAY, DECEMBER 6, 1856.
STRAY NOTES ON EDMUND CURLL, HIS LIFE, AND
PUBLICATIONS.
No. 7. — CurWs Correspondence with Bishop Ken-
nett and Sir Robert Walpole.
We fear our present chapter will be considered
by the reader a very desultory one : we trust the
next will not exhibit the same defect. We shall in
this pass through the period from 1718 to 1725,
during which time there can be little doubt that
Curll, despite his assertion to Walpole that he had
in a manner left off his business for the purpose
of serving the Government, was pretty active as a
publisher. For instance, in 1720 appeared :
Dooms Day, or the Last Judgment; a Poem
written by the Right Honourable William Earl of
Sterline : Lojidon, printed for E. Curll, next the
Temple Coffee House in Fleet Street ; and sold by
C, Riving ton (and others). Price 1*.
It has a short preface, signed "A. Johnstoun;"
but in the copy before us, there is written in a
hand nearly, if not quite, contemporary, " i. e.
Edm. Curll."
In 1721, we find him in a correspondence with
Bishop Kennett, in an apparently vain endeavour
to obtain his Lordship's sanction to his reprinting
the Bishop's Translations of Erasmus's Praise of
Folly and Pliny's Panegyric.
The following are the Letters which passed
between them. They are preserved in the Lans-
down MS., 1038., fol. 96. :
" To the Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of Peterborough, at
his house in Petty France, Westminster.
« Nov. 4, 1721.
" My Lord,
" Having lately purchased the copyright of two pieces
formerly translated by your Lordship (Erasmus's Praise
of Folly* and Pliny's Panegyrick]}, both which I intend
speedily to reprint ; but will not send them to the press
till I know your Lordship's mind whether you would be
pleased to revise them, or whether they may be reprinted
as they are. In hopes of being favoured with your Lord-
ship's answer, I am, my Lord, your Lordship's most duti-
ful and most obedient humble Servant,
" E. CURLL.
" From my house over against
Catherine-street in the Strand."
The following is the Bishop's answer :
" Nov. 6, 1721.
" MB. CURLL,
" I received yours of Nov. 4th, and should be glad to
know from whom you purchased the copyright of th
translations of Erasmus and Pliny. I think they had n
power of assigning them without the Author's consent
* Mori<R Encomium ; or, The Praise of Folly. Mad
English from the Latin of Erasmus. By White Kennet
of St. Edmund Hall, 8vo., 1683.
t Pliny's Panegyric, translated by White Kennett, 8vo
1686.
ho had invested them in the right only of a single im-
ression.
" If you had a just right to the copies, I cannot think
le reprinting of them will tend much to the service of
he world or to your own interest. Such trifles cannot be
endible, especially when Mr, Smith has published a later
ranslation.* I know the first translator did them when
boy at Oxford, and as an exercise imposed by his tutor,
vho seemed to commend them to the press, and yet did
ot live to correct them. They were both finished in the
eign of King Charles II., though one of them was not
ublished till the beginning of the reign of James II. In
hort, I cannot think it advisable for you to reprint them,
or can I possibly take the pains to revise them. I hope
here is no obscenity, or other wrong lust in them, to de-
eive the people into catching at them. If you despise
my advice, you had best however take care to insert no
ame of a writer but what you find in the old title pages,
or you know property and privilege are valuable things,
am, your loving friend
" WHITE PETERBOROUGH.
Pliny and the Essay of Erasmus can never run so
veil in English as in the Latin."
Curll was not likely to be satisfied with this
efusal ; and in the following reply, he defends
limself from the charges brought against him in
Mist's Journal — charges obviously hinted at in
he conclusion of the Bishop's Letter : —
"Nov. 7, 1721.
" MY LORD,
" In a ready compliance with your Lordship's request,
;his is to inform you, that the copyright of Pliny and
Erasmus were purchased by Mr. Swalle and Mr. Nichol-
son, and though you are pleased to say you vested the
original printers of them but in the right of a single im-
)ression, yet I dare say, my Lord, you had never any
.noughts of resuming them, because I am assured you
jave them both without any premium.
"There have already been two editions of Erasmus ; and
;he expence Mr. Nicholson was at by engraving Holbein's
cuts in above fifty copper-plates, gave the book a new
;urn, and makes it, among the rest of our translations
from the Latin, very saleable, as it deserves to be.f
" As to Pliny, I knew Mr. Smith of North Nibley and
tiis abilities : his version will never be worth reviving, it
being too liable to the just observations your Lordship has
made upon Sir Robert Stapylton's former translation.^
Besides, my design in reprinting yours, I am promised
some Select Epistles of Pliny, to subjoin to it. And I
humbly hope, since I have paid to Mr. Nicholson's exe-
cutors a considerable sum of money for these two transla-
tions and the plates of Holbein, that your Lordship will
be pleased to revise them for a new edition, being content
to wait your Lordship's leisure ; and as I had the happi-
ness of your brother's friendship, and received many
favours from him, so I hope my conduct will in no affair
prove disagreeable to your Lordship. I am sorry, my
Lord, that rumour only (or some idle paragraphs, in-
serted against me, in that sink of scandal, Mist's Journal,
wherein the best characters have been traduced) should
move your Lordship to cast an aspersion upon me from
* Pliny's Panegyric, translated by George Smith. •
London, 1702, 8vo.
f The Praise of Folly. To which is prefixed Eras-
mus's Epistle to Sir Thomas More, and an Account of
Hans Holbeines Pictures, &c., and where to be seen.
London, 1709, 8vo., with portrait, and forty-six plates.
% Pliny's Panegyricke, translated by Sir Robert Sta-
pylton, Knt. Oxon, 1644, 4to.
442
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2"dS. N« 49., DEC. 6. '56.
•which I am free as any one whateverjof our profession.
Indeed, the scandalous paper above-mentioned has
charged me with promoting obscenity by printing the
Trials for Impotency, &c., but how unjustly, my Lord.
The Trial of the Marquis de Gessvres was publicly printed
at Paris ; the Trial of the Duke of Norfolk, authorised
by the honorable House of Peers ; the Trial of th$ Earl
of Essex was drawn up by Archbishop Abbott, and
printed from his manuscript ; the Trials of Fielding, Mrs.
Dormer, &c., all authorised by our judicial courts. If,
therefore, my Lord, I have erred in these instances, the
persons concerned in publishing the late Collections of
Trials in folio, wherein all those for sodomy, rapes, &c.,
are inserted, are much more blameable ; and I hope the
enclosed Catalogue will in some measure convince your
Lordship, that I bave been as ready, and shall always be,
to promote any work of religion or learning, as any other
person whatever of our profession.
" Far be it from me, my Lord, to despise your advice.
No, my Lord, I hold myself obliged, and heartily thank
vou for it ; and as your Lordship allows property to be a
valuable thing, I rest assured, that your Lordship will
not deprive, but rather protect my property to these tAvo
translations which I have legally purchased, but resolved
not to reprint without your Lordship's approbation.
" To conclude, I hope your Lordship will either be
pleased to permit me to wait upon you, or to favour me
Avith your final answer to these matters. I am, my Lord,
your Lordship's most obedient and dutiful servant,
" E. CURLL.
" P. S. — I am fully convinced that the encomium in
the Preface of Pliny was designed for King Charles II.,
and not King James II., as has been maliciously sug-
gested."
We have not discovered any edition with Curll's
name as the publisher, so that it appears probable
that the bishop's refusal to sanction the intended
reprint, and bis allusion to " property and privi-
lege" were not lost upon Curll, who, as we shall
see presently, could not be blind to the danger of
infringing on the privileges of the Peers. In 1735,
seven years after Kennett's death, the fifth edition
of the Morice. Encomium was published by J. Wei-
ford, "Adorned with forty-eight copper-plates,
including the effigies of Erasmus and Sir Thomas
More, all neatly engraved from the designs of the
celebrated Hans Holbeine."
In 1721-2 we find poor Curll again misled by
his restless desire to publish —
" The speeches, verses, and last Wills of Peers,"
«i second time under the displeasure of the House
of Lords, having now got into trouble by his pub-
lication of the Duke of Buckingham's Works.
In the Journals of Jan. 22, 1721, we find the fol-
lowing entry :
" E. Curll to attend about publishing D. of Bucks Works, &c.
" Complaint being made to the House of so much of an
Advertisement inserted in the Newspaper intituled The
]}aily Journal, Jan? 22, 1721-2, as gives Notice, ' That the
Works of the late Right Honourable John Sheffield Duke
of Buckinghamshire, in Prose and Verse, with his Life
(compleated from a Plan drawn up by his Grace) by Mr.
Theobald, and a True Copy of his last Will and Testa-
-ment, will speedily be published, by E, Curll, over against
Catherine Street in The Strand,'
" It is Ordered, That the said E. Curll do attend this
House To-morrow."
Then on the following day, Tuesday, Jan. 23,
we read : —
" The House being informed, That E. Curll attended
(according to Order) —
" He was called in, —
"And so much of an Advertisement inserted in,. the
Newspaper intituled The Daily Journal, Jany 22, 1721-2,
as gave notice, « That the Works of the late Right Ho-
nourable John Sheffield Duke of Buckinghamshire, in Prose
and Verse, with his Life (compleated from a Plan drawn
up by his Grace) by Mr. Theobald, and a True Copy of
his last Will and Testament, will speedily be published '
by the said Curll, being showed him, he owned * That he
caused the same to be printed ; that he had not the con-
sent of the Executors or Trustees of the said late Duke
for publishing his said Life, Works, or Will.'
" And being further examined in relation to the print-
ing the said Advertisement, he was directed to withdraw.
" And being accordingly withdrawn, It was resolved
and Declared by the Lords Spiritual and Temporal in
Parliament assembled, That if, after the Death of any
Lord of this House, any Person presume to publish and
print his Works, Life, or last Will, without consent of
his Heirs, Executors, Administrators, or Trustees, the
same is a Breach of the Privilege of this House.
" And it being moved, ' That the same may be entered
upon the Roll of Standing Orders of this House,'
" It was Ordered, That on Friday next this House will
take the said Motion into Consideration ; and the Lords to
be summoned."
On the Thursday the Motion was ordered to be
postponed from the following day until the fol-
lowing Wednesday (Jan. 31), when we find the
following entry on the Joui^nals :
" The House (according to Order) proceeded to take
into Consideration the Motion made the Twenty-third
Instant, for entering upon the Roll of Standing Orders,
the Resolution and Declaration then made, against pub-
lishing in Print the Works, Life, or last Will, of any
Lord of this House.
" And the same being read by the Clerk, was, with
some Addition, agreed to by the House as follows :
" 'Notice being taken, That the Works, Lives, and last
Wills of divers Lords of this House, had been frequently
printed imperfectly, and published after their Deaths,
Avithout the Direction or Consent of the Heirs, Executors,
Administrators, or Trustees of such Lords : It is therefore
Resolved and Declared by the Lords Spiritual and Tem-
poral, in Parliament assembled, That if, after the Death
of any Lord of this House, any Person presume to publish
in Print, his Works, or any Part of them, not published
in his Life time, or his Life or last Will, without the Con-
sent of his Heirs, Executors, Administrators, or Trustees,
the same is a Breach of the Privilege of this House.'
" Ordered, That said Resolution and Declaration be
entered on the Roll of the Standing Orders of this House,
and printed and published, and affixed on the Doors of
this House, to the End all Persons that may be therein
concerned may the better take Notice of the same."
This Order was vacated on the 28th July, 1845,
on the motion of Lord Campbell, who, in the
course of a very interesting speech, designated the
subject of these Notes as " the infamous, the
dauntless, the shameless Edmund Curll." Perhaps
the learned Lord Chief Justice, should these
2nd g. No 49., DEC. 6. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
443
Xotes ever meet his eye, may now think that
Curll has had scant justice at his hands.
In 1723 we find Curll, in conjunction with
Henley (who afterwards, in 1730, started the
Hyp Doctor, in support, of Sir Robert Walpole),
in correspondence with the Government, and
giving information to Walpole as to a projected
attack from Mrs. Manley in the form of a " fifth "
volume of The Atalantis. It would seem from the
letters, which were originally published in the
Gent. Mag., Ixviii., pt. i. p. 190., that this was not
the first time that Curll had offered his services
to the Government : but his hopes of " something
in the Post Office," or of " being serviceable in
the Stamp Office," do not appear to have been
realised.
" Strand, March 2, 1723-4.
" HON. SIR,
" Yesterday Mr. Henley and myself were eye-witnesses
of a letter, under Mrs. Mauley's own hand, intimating
that a fifth volume of The Atalantis had been for some
time printed off, and lies ready for publication ; the de-
sign of which, in her own words, is, ' to give an account
of a sovereign and his ministers who are endeavouring to
overturn that Constitution which their pretence is to
protect ; to examine the defects and vices of some men
who take a delight to impose upon the world by the pre-
tence of public good ; whilst their true design is only to
gratify and advance themselves.'
" This, Sir, is the laudable tenour of this libel, which
is (but shall be in your power only to suppress) ready for
the intended mischief upon the rising of the parliament.
" Mr. Henley called upon me this morning to acquaint
me that your Honour had appointed Wednesday morning
' next for your final determination relating to these kind
of services.
"As your Honour was formerly pleased to promise me
your friendship, I now hope to feel the effect of it for
what I can, without vanity, call my unwearied diligence
to serve the Government, having in a manner left off my
business for that purpose.
" Mr. Goode told me, that I might depend upon having
some provision made for me, and that he had named
something in the Post Office to your Honour for my pur-
pose. And I hope that, either in that or some of the
many others over which your Honour presides, I shall be
thought on.
" Just upon Lord Townshend's going to Hanover, I re-
ceived his Lordship's instructions, at any rate to get out
of the custody of Mr. Layer's clerk, Stewart, some papers
then intended to be privately dispersed. This I effected,
and am ready to deliver them up to your Honour. Mr.
Cracherode and Mr. Buckley called on me to see them,
but had not their end ; my design being strictly to ob-
serve the trust reposed by his Lordship in me, who
ordered me, when he gave me the above instructions, to
attend your Honour for whatever money I should have
occasion for.
" Now, Sir, as I have not intruded upon your important
minutes, neither can I pester your levy with an Irish as-
surance, I humbly hope for your present favour for my
past expenses, and what Mr. Henley and myself have
now under your consideration, since we shall either desist
or proceed according to your determination.
" I am, .honoured Sir, your ever devoted and most
obliged humble servant,
"E. CURLL.
"P.S. Lord Townshend assured me he would recom-
mend me to your Honour for some provision in the Civil
List. In the Stamp Office I can be serviceable."
" To the Right Hon. Robert Walpole, Esq.
" Wednesday, March 4, 1723.
" HON. SIR,
" I will attend you on Friday for your final determina-
tion. My intentions are both honourable and sincere;
and I doubt not but from you they will meet with a
suitable return. This affair has be'en very expensive,
which I hope will be considered when I wait upon you,
and, as to any former matters, Mr. Curll tells me he has
always made good what he proposed ; and the reason of
his not attending upon you oftener was from your own
commands to him to go to Lord Townshend when he had
any thing to offer.
" As you please to determine on Friday, I shall either
desist from, or pursue my inquiries of this kind. It not
being at all proper for Mr. Curll to appear in person on
these occasions, all will be transacted by me only.
" As I expect your Honour's favour, 'believe me to be',
upon all occasions, your Honour's most devoted Servant,
" J. HENLEY.
" P.S. As to Mr. Higgons's and Mrs. Manley's affair, I
have seen original letters under both their hands."
Whether Mrs. Manley's fifth volume ever made
its appearance, and whether Curll ever got from
Walpole any return for these services, we must
leave to others to discover. All we know is that
Curll's services to the Government did not save
him froni a Government prosecution a few years
afterwards ; but that will form a chapter by itself.
S. N. M.
NOTES ON TRAFALGAR.
Nelson's Signal. — As some interesting state-
ments connected with the history of this signal
have reached us from various sources, a notice of
it, with its circumstantial and ve?*bal variations,
may still possess some charm for the readers of
" N. & Q." The several versions appear thus
collated in Sir H. Nicolas's Dispatches and
Letters, 8fc,, the first given by the editor being
from the pen of Captain Blackwood, who com-
manded the Euryalus :
" I was walking with him (Lord Nelson) on the poop,
when he said, ' I'll now amuse the fleet with a signal ; '
and he asked me ' if I did not think there was one yet
^wanting? ' I answered, that I thought the fleet seemed
very clearly to understand what they were about, and to
vie with each other who should first get nearest to the
Victory or Royal Sovereign (Vice-Admiral Colling-
wood). These words were scarcely uttered when his last
well-known signal was made, ' England expects every
man will do his duty.' The shout with which it was re-
ceived throughout the fleet was truly sublime. ' Now,'
said Lord Nelson, « I can do no more. We must trust to
the great Disposer of all events, and the justice of our
cause. I thank God for this great opportunity of doing
my duty.' "
The next account is from James's Naval His-
tory. The writer says :
" This done [the signal to prepare for anchor had been
already given, at lib. 30m.] no other signal seemed
wanting, when Lord Nelson remarked that he must give
444
NOTES AND QUERIES.
S. NO 49., DEC. G. '5G.
the fleet something by way of a fillip; after musing
awhile, he said, ' Suppose, we telegraph that Nelson ex-
pects every man to do his duty ? ' The officer, whom he
was then addressing, suggested whether it would not be
better, « England expects,' &c. Lord Nelson rapturously
exclaimed, * Certainly, certainly; ' and at llh. 40m. A.M.,
up went to the Victory's mizen top-gallant maSt-head
the first flag of the celebrated telegraphic message,
« England expects that every man will do his duty ; ' a
signal which, the instant its signification became fully
known, was greeted with three cheers on board of every
ship in the fleet, and excited among both officers and
men the most lively enthusiasm."
The editor, however, pronounces the following
to be the " real facts," as given by Nelson's flag-
lieutenant on board the Victory (Captain Pasco),
who vouches for their accuracy to the editor :
" His Lordship came to me on the poop, and after order-
ing certain signals to be made, about a quarter to noon he
said, ' Mr. Pasco, I wish to say to the fleet, ' England con-
fides that every man will do his duty ; ' and he added,
' You must be quick, for I have one more to make, which
is for close action.' I replied, ' If your Lordship will
permit me to substitute the expects for confides, the signal
will soon be completed, because the word expects is in the
vocabulary, and the word confides must be spelt.' His
Lordship replied in haste, and with seeming satisfaction,
' That will do, Pasco, make it directly.' When it had
been answered by a few ships in the van, he ordered me
to make the signal for close action, and to keep it up; ac-
cordingly I hoisted No. 16. at the top-gallant mast-head,
and there it remained until shot away."
The historic importance which has attached
itself to any incident connected with the events of
the memorable 21st, must be my apology for offer-
ing your readers the following brief extract from
the Journal of H. M. ship Leviathan, recording
an act of British heroism and devotion scarcely
paralleled in the annals of naval warfare. The
Leviathan, after helping to disable the French
admiral's ship, and the four-decker Santissima
Trinidada, closed with the enemy's ship Augustin,
74, wbich she soon took : —
"While this was doing, a shot took off the arm of
Thomas Main, when at his gun on the forecastle; his
messmates kindly offered to assist him in going to the
surgeon, but he bluntly said, ' I thank you, stay where
you are ; you will do more good there : ' he went down by
himself to the cockpit. The surgeon (who respected him)
would willingly have attended him in preference t&
others, whose wounds were less alarming ; but Main
would not admit of it, saying, ' Avast, not until it comes
to my turn, if you please.' The surgeon soon after am-
putated the shattered part of the arm, near the shoulder,
during which with great composure, smiling, and Avith a
steady clear voice, he sang the whole of Rule Britannia ! "
" Neptunia proles" — a true son of the Main !
. Nelsons Warning. — Lord Nelson had a narrow
escape early in the action ; while yet 500 yards
distant from the Bucentaure, the Victory's mizen
top-mast was shot away. Her wheel had also
been struck, and shivered, which rendered it ne-
cessary for her to be steered in the gun-room. A
few minutes after, several marines were killed on
the poop, and many others wounded, which occa-
sioned Nelson to order the officer in command to
disperse his men, to prevent unnecessary loss and
suffering. " Presently a shot, that had come
through a thickness of four hammocks, struck the
forebrace bits on the quarter-deck, and passed be-
tween Lord Nelson and Captain Hardy." It was
the avant-coureur of death, — the death that was
soon to plunge the family of England into one
common grief, — a grief, deep as it was universal ;
one of the greatest national bereavements seemed
already realised : " a splinter from the bits
bruising the left foot of the latter, and tearing
the buckle from his shoe."
" They both," says Dr. Beatty, "instantly stopped, and
were observed by the officers on deck to survey each other
with inquiring looks, each supposing the other to be
wounded. His Lordship then smiled, and said, ' This is
too warm work, Hardy, to last long ; ' and declared that, j
through all the battles he had been in, he had never wit-
nessed more cool courage than was displayed by the
Victory's crew on this occasion." * * * " While listen-
ing with characteristic avidity to the deafening crash
made by their shot in the French ship's hull, the British
crew were nearly suffocated with clouds of black smoke j
that entered the Victory's port-holes ; and Lord Nelson, j
Captain Hardy, and others, that were walking the quar-
ter-deck, had their clothes covered with the dust which
issued from the crumbled woodwork of the Bucentaure's
stern."
Nelson's Death- Wound. —
"Never allowing mere personal comfort to interfere
with what he considered to be the good of the service,.
Lord Nelson, when the Victory was fitting to receive his
flag, ordered the large skylight over his cabin to be re-
moved, and the space planked up, so as to afford him a
walk amidships, clear of the guns and ropes. Here, along
an extent of deck of about twenty-one feet in length, . . .
were the Admiral and Captain Hard}', during the whole
of the operations we have just detailed, taking their cus-
tomary promenade. At about Ih. 25m. r.M., just as the
two had arrived within one pace of the regular turning
spot at the cabin ladder-way, Lord Nelson, who, regard-
less of quarter-deck etiquette, was walking on the lar-
board side*, suddenly faced left about. Captain Hardy,
as soon as he had taken the other step, turned also, and
saw the Admiral in the act of falling. He was then on
his knees", with his left hand just touching the deck. The
arm giving way, Lord Nelson fell on his left side, exactly
upon' the spot where his secretary, Mr. Scott, had breathed
his last, and with whose blood his Lordship's clothes
were soiled. The wound was by a musket-ball, which
had entered the left shoulder through the fore-part of the
epaulette, and descending had lodged in the spine."
The fatal ball was received from the mizen-top of
the Redoubtable, the distance being about fifteen
yards ; this was apparent from the course which
the ball took, as well as from the fact that that
ship's maintop was hidden by the mainsail of the
Victory.
* I have preferred giving this as being, according to
James, a more authentic account than that which appears
in Dr. Beatty's narrative. See foot-note, Dispatches and
Letters, vol. vii. p. 160.
S. NO 49., DEC. 6. '56.]
NOTES AND QUEEIES.
445
"That the ball," continues the narrative, "was in-
tended for Lord Nelson is doubtful, because when the aim
must have been taken, he was walking on the outer side,
concealed in a great measure from view by a much taller
and stouter man. Admitting also (which is very doubt-
ful) that the French seaman or marine, whose shot had
proved so fatal, had selected for his object, as the British
commander-in-chief, the best dressed officer of the two,
be would most probably have fixed upon Captain Hardy;
or indeed, such, in spite of Dr. Beatty's print, was Lord
Nelson's habitual carelessness, upon any one of the Vic-
tory's lieutenants who might have been walking by the
side of him. Sergeant Seeker of the Marines, and two
seamen, who had come up on seeing the Admiral fall,
now, by Captain Hardy's direction, bore their revered and
much lamented chief to the cockpit."
The scene of Nelson's mortal agony (which
lasted during three hours and a half), and which
has been depicted by the pens of Dr. Scott and
others, need not be transferred to your columns.
There is, however, one circumstance in reference
to the death of England's hero, which I hope I
may be permitted to offer for insertion in " X. &
Q.," as likely to be read with interest by those
who love to dwell on the stereotyped acts, the
cherished sentiments and sayings, of the " great "
that are gone. It is speculatively curious, and
may possibly be new to some of your readers. It
appears in the Dispatches and Letters, Sfc., as one
of the concluding statements of Dr. Beatty's nar-
rative : —
" His Lordship had on several occasions told Captain
Hardy, that if he should fall in battle in a foreign climate,
he wished his body to be conveyed to England ; and that,
if his country should think proper to inter him at the
public expense, he wished to be buried in St. Paul's, as
well as that his monument should be erected there. He
explained his reasons for preferring St. Paul' s to West-
minster Abbey, which were rather curious ; he said that
he remembered hearing it stated as an old tradition when
he was a boy, that Westminster was built on a spot
where once existed a deep morass; and he thought it
likely that the lapse of time would reduce the ground on
which it now stands to its primitive state of a swamp,
without leaving a trace of the Abbey. He added, that
his actual observations confirmed the* probability of this
event. He also repeated to Captain Hardy several times
during the last two years of his life, « Should I be killed,
Hardy, and my country not bury me, you know what to
do with me;' meaning that his body was to be laid
by the side of his father's in his native village of Burn-
ham Thorpe in Norfolk; and this, as has been before-
mentioned, he adverted to in his last moments."
It was the heart-striking history of these " last
moments" which clouded the brilliant achieve-
ments of that eventful day, — the news at which
every cheek grew pale, and every heart was faint
•^- England's darling hero was no more — sacri-
ficed in the moment of victory — a willing victim
at the shrine of her glory. But dear to her was
glory, purchased with such blood as his. The
hand that had wreathed the laurel must plant the
cypress ! " The victory was turned that day into
mourning unto all the people." All that a be-
reaved country could do, England did, and fit-
tingly, to testify her sorrow: with solemn and
gorgeous pomp she bore her lamented chief to that
wished-for place of repose, lavishing the honours
she had not yet bestowed, to "make his name
great in Israel ; " never had those time-honoured
towers pealed forth a funeral note which so bowed
the head and heart of the nation as the knell
of her slain Nelson. A king covered his face,
princes mourned and followed him, a grateful
Eeople wept over "his bier; and well might Eng-
md smite the breast in her anguish, for where Fn
her hour of need could she hope " to look upon
his like again ? " Yet it was reserved for no dis-
tant generation to know that, when Israel's peace
should be threatened, a Gideon might again be
found at the " winepress," or a David come forth
from the " fold." F. PHILLOTT.
A Trafalgar Veteran. — Perhaps it may interest
some of your readers to know that there is now
living at Orford, in Suffolk, a man of the name
of Mannell, who was with Nelson at the battle of
Trafalgar, and assisted in carrying him down to
the cabin of the " Victory." EREMITE.
GENERAL LITERARY INDEX : PENAL LAWS : TEST
LAWS : TOLERATION.
(Continued from 2n(1 S. ii. 24.)
" The Trial and Examination of a late Libel, intitled
' A new Test of the Church of England's Loyalty ; ' with
some Reflections upon the additional Libel, intitled ' An
Instance of the Church of England's Loyalty.' 1687."
This and the tracts herein referred to will be
found in the ninth volume of the Somers Tracts.
" Samuel, Lord Bishop of Oxford, his celebrated Rea-
sons for Abrogating the Test and Notions of Idolatry An-
swered by Samuel, Archdeacon of Canterbury. By John
Phillips, nephew to John Milton. 1688. 4to."
In the Somers Tracts, vol. ix., where it is as-
cribed to Burnet, as well as the following tract :
"An Enquiry into the Reasons for abrogating the
Test imposed on all Members of Parliament, Offered by
Sa. Oxon."
" Vox Cleri pro Rege ; or the Rights of the Imperial
Sovereignty of the Crown of England Vindicated, in
reply to a late Pamphlet pretending to answer a Book
entitled ' The Judgment and Doctrine of the Clergy of the
Church of England, concerning the King's Prerogative in
dispensing with Penal Laws.' In a Letter to a Friend.
1688. 4to."
" The Project for repealing the Penal Laws and Tests,
with the honourable Means used to effect it. Being a
Preface to a Treatise concerning the Penal Laws and
Tests. 1688."
" Account of Sir Edward Bale's Case. By Sir Edward
Herbert. London, 1688. 4to."
It will be found in the second volume of the
Collection of State Trials, 1735.
" The Trial of Sir Edward Hales, Bart., for neglecting
to take the Oatha of Supremacy and Allegiance, with his
446
NOTES AND QUERIES.
NO 49., DEC. G. '5G.
Plea thereto, upon the King's dispensing with the Stat.
25 Car. II., and the Opiuion of the Judges thereupon."
" An Enquiry into the Power of dispensing with Penal
Statutes, together with some Animadversions upon a
Book writ by Sir Edw. Herbert, entitled < A Short Ac-
count,' &c. By Sir Rob. Atkyns. Lond. 1689. Folio."
NM3. The following treatises originated in King
James's Declaration of Indulgence :
" Reflections on his Majesty's Proclamation for a Tole-
ration in Scotland. 1687/'
See Macaulay's History, ii. 205. :
" He had determined to begin with Scotland, where his
power to dispense with acts of parliament had been ad-
mitted by the obsequious Estates."
"His Majesties most gracious Declaration to all his
loving Subjects for Liberty of Conscience. 1688. Folio,
a single sheet."
" The Humble Address of the Presbyterians presented
to the King. With his Majesties gracious Answer. 4to.
1687."
" A Letter to a Dissenter, upon occasion of his Majesty's
late gracious Declaration of Indulgence. By George Sa-
vile, Marquis of Halifax. 1687. 4to."
In the ninth volume of the Somers Tracts. See
Macaulay's History, ii. 217.
" An Answer to a ' Letter to a Dissenter, upon occasion
of his Majesty's late gracious Declaration of Indulgence.'
1687. 4to."
" Animadversions on a late Pamphlet, intitled 'A Letter
to a Dissenter, upon occasion of his Majesty's late gracious
Declaration of Indulgence.' By Henry Care. 1687. 4to."
" An Answer to a ' Letter to a Dissenter, upon occasion
of his Majesty's late gracious Declaration of Indulgence.'
By Sir Roger L'Estrange, Kt. 1687. 4to."
" An Answer from the Country, to a late ' Letter to a
Dissenter, upon occasion of his Majesty's late gracious
Declaration of Indulgence. By a Member of the Church
of England. 1687. 4to."
" A modest Censure of the immodest ' Letter to a Dis-
senter, upon occasion of his Majesty's late gracious De-
claration for Liberty of Conscience.' By T N , a
true Member of the Church of England. 1687. 4to."
" A Second Letter to a Dissenter, upon occasion of his
Majesty's late gracious Declaration of Indulgence. 1687.
4to."
" The Layman's Opinion sent in a private Letter to a
considerable Divine of the Church of England. 1687.
4to."
" The Layman's Answer to the Layman's Opinion, in a
Letter to a Friend. 1687. 4to."
" Dialogue between Harry and Roger ; that is to say,
Harry Care and Roger Lestrange. 1687."
"An Answer of a Minister of the Church of England
to a Seasonable and Important Question, proposed to him
by a Loyal and Religious Member of the present House
of Commons, viz. What respect ought the true Sons of the
Church of England, in point of conscience and Christian
prudence, to bear to the religion of that Church whereof
the King is a member? 1687. 4to."
" An Apology for the Church of England, with relation
to the Spirit of Persecution for Avhich she is accused. By
Bishop Burnet. 1687."
In the ninth volume of the Somers Tracts,
p. 174.
" A Letter writ by Mign Heer Fagel, Pensioner of Hol-
land, to Mr. James Stewart, Advocate, giving an Account
of the Prince and Princess of Orange's Thoughts concern-
ing the Repeal of the Test and the Penal Laws. (Written
Nov. 4th, 1687.) 4to. Lond. 1688."
In the ninth volume of the Somers Tracts.
p. 183.
" James Stewart's Answer to Mr. Fagel. 1688."
" Their Highness the Prince and Princess of Orange's
Opinion about a General Liberty of Conscience, &c., being
a Collection of four select Papers, viz. : 1. Mign Heer
Fagel's First Letter to Mr. Stewart. 2. Reflections on
Mons. Fagel's Letter. 3. Fagel's Second Letter to Mr.
Stewart. 4. Some Extracts out of Mr. Fagel's printed
Letter. 4to. 1689."
" Address to the King by the Bishop of Oxon, to be
subscribed by the Clergy of his Diocese, with the Reasons
for the Subscription to the Address, and the Reasons
against it by the Oxford Clergy."
In the ninth volume of the Somers Tracts.
" A Reply to the Reasons of the Oxford Clergy against
addressing. Lond. 1687. 4to."
In the Somers Tracts, ib.
" Reasons why the Church of England as well as Dis-
senters should address the King upon his late gracious
Declaration. 4to. 1687."
" Letters containing some Reflections on his Majesty's
Declaration for Liberty of Conscience. 1687."
" The Anatomy of an Equivalent. By George Savile,
Marquis of Halifax. 1687."
"The Assurance of Abbey and other Church Lands in
England to the Possessors, cleared from the Doubts and
Arguments raised about the Danger of Resumption. By
Nathaniel Johnstone, M.D. 8vo. Lond. 1687."
" Abbey and other Church Lands not yet assured to
such Possessors as are Roman Catholics, dedicated to the
Nobility and Gentry of that Religion."
In the ninth volume of the Somers Tracts,
p. 68.
" A Petition of William Bancroft, Archbishop of Can-
terbury, and Six other Bishops to his Majesty touching
their not distributing and publishing the late Declaration
of Liberty of Conscience. 4to. 1688."
In the ninth volume of the Somers Tracts,
p. 115.
"A Letter from a Dissenter to the petitioning Bishops."
Ibid. p. 117.
" An Answer to a Paper importing a Petition of the
Archbishop of Canterbury, &c. 1688."
Ibid. p. 119.
" The Articles recommended by the Archbishop of Can-
terbury to all the Bishops within his Metropolitan Juris-
diction, the 16th of July, 1688."
Ibid. p. 132.
" The Examination of the Bishops, upon their Refusal
of reading his Majesty's most gracious Declaration ; and
the Non -Concurrence of the Church of England in Repeal
of the Penal Laws and Test fully debated and argued.
1688."
Ibid. p. 134.
" A Letter of several French Ministers, fled into Ger-
many upon the Account of the Persecution in France, to
such of their Brethren in England as approved the King's
Declaration touching Liberty of Conscience. 1688."
" A Letter from a Clergyman in the City to his Friend
in the Country, containing his Reasons for not reading
the Declaration. 1688. 4to., a single half sheet."
2nd S. NO 49., DEC. 6. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
447
" An Answer to a Letter from a Clergyman, &c. 4to.
Lond. 1688."
" A Short Discourse concerning the reading his Ma-
jesty's late Declaration in the Churches, set forth by the
Right Reverend Father in God Herbert [Crofts], Lord
Bishop of Hereford. 1688. 4to."
" The Legality of the Court held by his Majesties Ec-
clesiastical Commissioners defended. " Their Proceedings
no Argument against the taking otf Penal LaAvs and
Tests. Lond. 1688. 4to."
" The King's Right of Indulgence in Spiritual Matters,
with the Equity thereof, Asserted. By a Person of
Honour and Eminent Minister of State lately deceased
[Arthur Annesley, Earl of Anglesea]. Printed by Henry
Care. 4 to. 1688,"
BlBLIOTHECAR. CHETHAM.
ALBERONI, ON THE PARTITION OF TURKEY.
There was published in 1736 (London, 8vo.),
" Cardinal Alberoni's Scheme for reducing the Turkish
Empire to the Obedience of Christian Princes : and for a
Partition of the Conquests. Together with a Scheme of a
perpetual Dyet for establishing the Publick Tranquillity."
Of the authenticity of this production I can
learn nothing. It is represented as "translated
from an authentick copy of the Italian MS. in the
hands of the Prince de la Torella, the Sicilian
Ambassador at the Court of France," and a por-
trait, is prefixed of the Cardinal.
Whether genuine or the reverse, the tract is
remarkable : for had the great powers united in
the dismemberment of Turkey in the manner then
suggested, Russia never could have attained the
position she now indubitably possesses.
The first proposition was the creation of the
empire of Constantinople, whereof the Duke of
Holstein Gottorp was to be ruler,— the succession
being limited to heirs male of the body only. His
dominion was to consist of the Turkish possessions
in Asia and Africa, with the province of Romania
in Europe.
Now for Russia :
" The dominions of her Czarish Majesty being already
of great extent, and as that extraordinary Princess has
given the most shining proofs that publick liberty is her
principal view, with a sincere desire of propagating re-
ligion, we have the greatest reason to conclude she will
look upon the conquest of Asoph and Tartary as a rea-
sonable compensation for her pretensions to the new
conquests."
She is then called upon to restore "her part of
Finland to the crown of Sweden, as an expedient
that will conduce very much towards preserving
the tranquillity of the north." France is to
get "Tunis;" Spain, "Algiers;" Portugal,
" Tripoli."
Great Britain being a trading country, "will
not permit her people to enlarge their dominions."
She is to be contented with "Candia," and the
city of Smyrna. Holland acquires Rhodes and
Aleppo.
Poland, having been " a rampart to Christen-
dom," is to have Moldavia, and all the country of
the Budzian Tartars : — the crown to be " heredi-
tary in the House of Saxony," as the only remedy
that " can prevent those evils that will inevitably
attend all their future elections."
Alberoni was born March 30, 1664 ; and died
June 25, 1752. According to the Biographic
Universelle (Paris, 1811, vol. i. p. 399.), the Testa-
ment Politique, published in his name after his
death, was written by Maubert de Gouvest. Now
the Scheme above noticed was published in 1736,
during the lifetime of the Cardinal ; and as he
survived its appearance sixteen years, it may not
unreasonably be presumed that he must in some
way or the other have either seen, or have had
notice of it. J. MT.
ENGLISH AND FOREIGN ARCHITECTURE.
Some time since ("N. & Q.," l§t S. x. 484.)
an anonymous writer inquired to what date he
might assign those foreign churches which, had it
been their fortune to have stood on English
ground, would have been classed with Early En-
glish remains. I believe the Early English style,
in all its peculiar purity, is not to be found out of
our island ; and I have the authority of Professor
Whewell for supposing so, who writes, in his ad-
mirable Architectural Notes on German Churches,
$*..—
" It seems to me a most curious fact, that the English
architects should have gone by a path of their own to the
consummation of Gothic architecture, and should on the
road have discovered a style full of beauty and unity, and
quite finished in itself, which escaped their German
brother artists." —P. 8.
And from other passages in the same work,
Professor Whew ell seems to infer that the Gothic
tastes of the twelfth century grafted themselves
on the old Romanesque, and, gradually obtaining
the mastery, burst into perfection in the " Deco-
rated" style. The fact that this intermediate
step is wanting in foreign architecture makes a
perfect parallel view of the rise and progress of
the Gothic architecture at home and abroad, to a
certain degree, impossible. Should my table be
of any use, however, to your readers, it is at their
service ; and I insert it with the more pleasure,
because I hope that the Notes of the architectural
contributors of "N. & Q." may lead to a more
perfect understanding between architects, — En-
glish and foreign.
My authorities have been Bloxam's invaluable
Principles of Gothic Ecclesiastical Architecture ;
M. Schayes' Histoire de IS Architecture en Belgique,
an extremely useful guide to all lovers of archi-
tecture travelling in Belgium ; and M. de Can-
mont's A. B. C. de IS Architecture, published three
years since in Paris, which catches the prominent
448
NOTES AND QUERIES.
49., DEC. 6. '56.
points of architectural history and art admirably,
and on which M. Schayes' work is founded :
" In France.
Transition, ou Romano Ogival - 1125
Ogival Primaires, ou, h Lancettes - 1250
Ogival Secondaires, ou Rayonnant - 1320
Ogival Tertiare, ou Flamboyant - 1400
Renaissance ------- 1550
Reaction in favour of Classic Architecture - 1700
Return to Gothic Architecture - 1800
" In England.
Transition 1150
Early English 1200
Decorated 1320
Florid Perpendicular --.... 14QO
Debased 1550
Reaction in favour of Classic Art - 1700
Return to Gothic Architecture - - 1800"
As touching the point in question, and as well
worthy of study to those examining the transi-
tional style, I may be allowed to recommend the
church of S. Quentin, at Tournai, which is, I
should be afraid, too often passed over with only
a cursory glance, standing as it does eclipsed by
the noble Romanesque cathedral on the other side
the Market Place. T. H. PATTISON.
Lord Palmerston and Pope. — Some half cen-
tury ago, an accusation was originated, in what
was called the Cockney School, I think, against
Pope, that he was an enemy to " a little learning,"
absolutely as such :
" A little learning is a dangerous thing,
Drink deep, or taste not the Pierian spring."
" This," said Lord Palmerston, the other day,
" is a mistake, and much error has it produced."
This latter assertion may be true, as far as those
are concerned who, like his Lordship, have not
taken the pains to apply their learning, great or
little, to the right understanding of the poet's
meaning.
Lord Palmerston continues, "A little know-
ledge is better than none." Very true ; but he,
and the rest of the misinterpreters of our poet,
ought to have understood, that the learning of the
" intoxicated " aspirant to the favour of the
Muses (intended by Pope), and the knowledge
useful to the humblest member of society (in-
tended by his Lordship) are very different objects
of attainment.
Again, what are the effects against which the
poet is so earnestly warning " fearless youth " ?
Read the few lines that precede, and it will be
clearly seen that it is against pride, and that pre-
sumption with which shallow draughts intoxicate
many a " we " of our own day.
He has before admonished those to whom his
counsels are addressed, in these emphatic terms :
" Be sure yourself and your own reach to know,
How far your genius, taste, and learning go."
It was in a similar spirit of admonition that
Bacon tells us, " a little philosophy inclineth man's
mind to Atheisme ; but depth in philosophy
bringeth men's minds about to Religion." Q.
Bloomsbury.
"Lofer" Origin of the Word. — An American
whom I met in a Swiss mountain walk, some
five years since, claimed the word, and gave this
derivation: — An old Dutchman settled at New
York, and acquired in trade a considerable for-
tune. He had an only daughter, and a young
American fell in love with her, or her dollars, or
both. The old father forbid him his house, but
the daughter encouraged him. Whenever the
old merchant saw the lover about his premises, he
used to exclaim to his daughter, " there is that
'lofer' of yours, the idle, good-for-nothing," &c. ;
and so an idle man, hanging about, came to be
called a " lofer." A. HOLT WHITE.
Vegetable Bread and Wine. — Last winter a
Mr. Wilkins delivered some lectures in London
upon a new mode of cultivation. With great
emphasis, and some broad humour, he spoke on
the advantages of his system. He showed that
by plenteous and judicious manuring, and several
novel arrangements, crops might be enormously
multiplied. But, besides this, he spoke of, and
exhibited, and handed round for his auditors to
" taste and try," a species of bread made from man-
gold-wurtzel. And very nice bread it was ; light
and sweet, and moist, — greatly superior to rice-
bread, or the bread made from the "potato-flour."
But now Mr. Wilkins has succeeded in extracting
wine from the same vegetable. I have not had an
opportunity of tasting this ; but the Heading
Mercury says, that it is likely to be a very pleasant
drink. As yet none has been kept long enough.
This wine will sell at 6d. per quart. THRELKELD.
Cambridge.
Old Chapel Burnt. — The destruction at once
of " an antique oratory," and of the evidence of a
Protestant miracle, is a fact which seems worthy
to be recorded in " N. & Q." I therefore for-
ward an extract from the Manchester Examiner
and Times of November 11, 1856 ; hoping that its
imperfect grammar will not cause its rejection : —
" Yesterday afternoon, about three o'clock, some work-
people engaged on the grounds at Smethell's Hall* (the
seat of Peter Ainsworth, Esq.) were alarmed by a smell
of burning timber ; and, on going to the chapel adjoining
the hall, a fire was discovered to be raging within. An
alarm was instantly raised, and messengers despatched to
the works of Mr. J. H. Ainsworth, and a large number of
Near Bolton-le-Moors.
2nd g. X" 49., DEC. 6. '56.]
NOTES AND QUEEIES.
449
•work-people, together with the engine belonging to the
works, was shortly at the place, and rendered every as-
sistance. Other engines also arrived, but the fire had
got such mastery, and the whole of the interior of the
chapel being timber, the roof fell in, and it occupied an-
other hour in effectually quelling it. The result has
been the destruction of the chapel and vestry, which was
one of great antiquity, and held a prominent place in the
history of the troublous times of 1555 ; George Marsh,
one of the martyrs of those days, having, according to
tradition, stamped his foot upon the place where he stood,
near the door of the entrance, 'in confirmation of the
truth of his opinions ; a miraculous impression was made
upon the stone, as a perpetual memorial of the injustice
of his enemies,' leaving a natural cavity in a flag some-
what resembling the print of a man's foot, which neither
time nor labour can efface. However incredible this tra-
dition may appear, it is referred to in Baines's History of
Lancashire, and it is in the memory of 'the oldest in-
habitant' that this footprint has been a great source of
attraction to the visitors to this ancient chapel. The loss,
of course, will be irreparable, there being a considerable
quantity of oak carving destroyed, and no doubt the pro-
prietor will feel deeply the destruction of so venerable a
pile. How the fire originated is not known."
F.
Toothless Woman. — The following is an extract
from the register of burials at Gayton-le-Marsh,
Lincolnshire, duly certified by F. Burton, curate :
" Elizabeth Cook, a poor woman, aged 86, and who
never had a tooth, was buried Jan. 11, 1798."
P. R.
Epitaph on Earl of Stirling. — In reading the
last number of the Edinburgh Christian Maga-
zine, I met with the following epitaph, which may
not be unworthy of being inserted in " N". & Q."
It is on Sir William Alexander, first Earl of
Stirling, and was occasioned by the facts of his
having translated the Psalms, and obtained a
monopoly of the printing and sale of them, and
of his having had the privilege conferred upon
him of coining copper money, as a solatium for
the opposition made by the Scotch to the intro-
duction of his New Version.
" Here layes a former and a millar,"
A Poet and a psalme book spillar (spoiler),
A purchessour by hooke and crooke,
A forger of the Service-booke,
A coppersmith quho did much evil,
A friend to bischopes and ye devill ;
A vain, ambitious, flattering thing,
Late Secretary for a King.
Some tragedies in verse he pen'd,
At last he made a tragicke end."
ALEX. THOMSON GRANT.
Aberdeen.
SIR JOHN i>ANVERS.
In Izaak Walton's Life of George Herbert,
where speaking of the second marriage of Mrs.
Magdalen Herbert, George's mother, he says :
"I am next to tell that she continued twelve years a
widow ;
man
3W ; that she then married happily to a noble gentle-
,.^tj, the brother and heir of the Lord Danvers, Earl of
Danby, who did most highly value both her person and
the most excellent endowments of her mind."
This ^ noble gentleman was Sir John Danvers,
respecting whom Zouch and the rest of Walton's
editors are most mysteriously silent, perhaps
thinking with the honest angler the less said about
his many short-comings the better. Sir John.
Danvers resided at Danvers House, Chelsea, and
was at one time a gentleman of the privy chamber
to Charles I. After the death of Lady Danvers
in 1627, he became deeply plunged in debt, and
to extricate himself from his difficulties identified
himself with the regicides. Time passes on, and
we find him sitting as a judge at the trial of
Charles I., and affixing his signature to the death-
warrant of his sovereign. Cf. Clarendon's Hist,
of the Rebellion, iv. 536., edit. 1849 ; Cobbett's
Parl. Hist., iii. 1596; and Faulkner's Chelsea,
i. 172.; ii. 143., edit. 1829. Echard, however,
has the following curious passage :
" One of the most inveterate of the King's judges, Sir
John Danvers, was a professed papist, and so continued
to the day of his death, as his own daughter has suffi-
ciently attested." — Hist, of England, p. 647.
What authority has Echard for this statement ?
for it is remarkable to find " a professed papist "
sitting on the same judgment-seat with Oliver
Cromwell! Sir John Danvers died in 1659, the
year before the Restoration, and thereby escaped
an ignominious death ; but all his estates, both
real and personal, were confiscated in 1661.
J. YE o WELL.
Bishop Latimer. — I have heard it stated that
Mr. Moresby Snaith's mother, late of Barnard-
Castle, in the county of Durham, whose maiden,
name was Ann Latimer, was a descendant of
Bishop Latimer. The pedigree, from the Bishop
to Ann Latimer, or any other information re-
specting the family, would be very acceptable to
SIGMA.
Moschus. — Who is the author of The Poetical
Works of Moschus, in 2 vols. ; published by Simp-
kin, Marshall, & Co., in 1850 ? R. INGLIS.
Old Buildings. — Has it ever been ascertained
which is the oldest building in the British Isles ?
I mean, not a ruin, but a building now inhabited
or occupied, either as mansion, church, public
hall, &c. Rufus's Hall at Westminster is an in-
stance of my meaning. Is there any building in
use older than that ? STYLITES.
Sir William Petty. — Watt makes mention of a
publication entitled A Briefe of Proceedings be~
450
NOTES AND QUERIES.
. N« 49., DEC. 6. '56.
tween Sir Jerome Sanhey and the Author, by Sir
W. Petty, London, 1659, fol. ; but Major Larcom,
in his edition of The Doitn Survey, printed by the
Irish Archaeological Society, says that he was
unable, after much search, to meet "with a copy.
Can you tell me where one may be found ?
ABHBA.
Armorial. — I shall be much obliged if any one
can inform me to what family the following arms
belong, copied from stained glass in my parish
church : azure, within a bordure engrailed, or, six
lions rampant, argent. F. S. GROWSE.
Bildestone, Suffolk.
Family of White of Fittleford, frc. — Martin
White of Fittleford, co. Dorset, Esq., was seized
of that manor, 12 Car. I. (His mother was a co-
heiress of Martin of Athelhampston, of the family
of Kemeys, and niece of Nicholas Wadham, ye
founder of y* college. — Vide the Pedigree so far
in Hutchins's Dorset.} His second son, John
White, was admitted of the Inner Temple, Oct.
25, 1634. —Vide books of that Inn.
Winifred, a da. of this John White of ye Inner
Temple, married, about 1653, Peter ISToyes, Esq.,
of Tounkwell, co. Berks. — Vide Visitation of
Berhs.
Query, Who was the wife of the said Martin
White, and of his said second son, John White ?
and what was the name of his eldest son ? and did
he also marry and leave issue ? In short, any in-
formation concerning the descendants of the said
Martin White will be very acceptable to
MEMOK.
Sir John Hayward. — Information is required
respecting Sir John Hayward, historian about the
reign of Elizabeth. I wish to obtain, if possible,
particulars of his birth and parentage. SYDNEY.
Hospital of St. Cross. — I send you the follow-
ing Note (accompanied with a Query) transcribed
from a paragraph in a scrap book belonging to a !
friend :
" The Hospital of S. Cross. — The following memoran- j
dum was taken from a book in the possession of Mr. Ban- I
dall, Steward of the Hospital in the year 1789, entitled •
Memorandums of curious things concerning St. Cross ,
Hospital: ' Ecclesia S. Fides et S. Crux juncta Mains i
decimus 1507. Fox epus et custos S. Crucis. Joannes I
Claymond Antistes. Ista ccetus confirmabat pro mea j
auctoritate qui adjungere pot [the latter part of this word j
is worm-eaten] Joannes Poynet, primus Episcopus Re- |
ligionis reformats; et Patronus, 1552, Joannes Incentius,
magister.' The above was copied by me from a manu-
script signed John Young, Dean of Winton Cathedral,
who was son to Sir Peter Young, the Master of the Hos-
pital in 1618, and who managed its concerns for his
father, and who made one Mr. Wright both chaplain and
steward, and from whose documents in the chest of the
hospital he copied them. From a document dated
March 17, 1655, signed William Lewis, Master of St.
Cross Hospital, it appears that Wright's widow burnt all
the hospital papers and register books, and amongst them
the deed of union of the two parishes. Signed, John
Hunt, chaplain, 1676."
Are any further particulars known in regard to
the circumstances here alluded to ?
OXONIENSIS.
"Praise God! Praise God!" — The Rev. R.
J. COOPER would thank the editor to insert a fevr
lines of the following poem, with a view to ascer-
taining the author of it :
" A little child,
A little meek-faced quiet village child,
Sat singing by her cottage door at eve
A low sweet Sabbath song — no human ear
Caught the faint melody — no human eye
Beheld the upturned aspect, or the smile
That wreath'd her innocent lips, the while
They breathed
The oft-repeated burden of the hymn
' Praise God ! Praise God ! '
"A Seraph by the throne
In the full glory shone. With eager hand
He smote the golden harp-strings, till a' flood
Of harmonjr on the celestial air
Gush'd forth unceasing."
Scalby, W. Scarborough.
Quotation wanted: " Then down came the Tem-
plars," Sec. — Where do the lines occur :
" Then down came the Templars like Kedron in flood,
And dyed their long lances in Saracen blood."?
They sound like Croly's, but I cannot lay my
hands on them. N. G. T.
" Oxford Prize Poems" — The published series
of these dates only from 1806 in a continuous line ;
but five earlier are prefixed, of which the first is
of 1768. Were there intermediate poems ? and
if so, where are they ? W. T. M.
Hong Kong.
" Maurice and Berghetta ; or the Priest of Ra-
hery." — Who was the author of this beautiful,
but now forgotten tale ? It has been attributed
to Sir Henry Parnell. /3.
Standard Office, Montrose.
Spiders Webs. — Has any observant and pains-
taking naturalist favoured the world with de-
scriptions and delineations, from accurate observa-
tion of nature, of these curious structures ? And,
if so, in what published work are they to be
found ? ABACHNB.
Heraldry of Jersey. — I am compiling a work
on the Heraldry of the Island of Jersey ; may I,
through your columns, beg your many heraldic
correspondents to favour me with any information
at their command with regard to the families
of Jersey, their extraction and bearings ? Any
drawings or works on the subject would be a
great desideratum. J. BBBTRAND PAYNE.
Holniesdale, Jersey.
S. N° 49., DEC. 6. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
451
" Lives of Eminent Lawyers." — Kearsley, the
bookseller, published in 1790, in one volume 8vo.,
" Strictures on the Lives and Characters of the most
Eminent Lawyers of the Present Day, including,
among other celebrated names, those of the Lord
Chancellor and the Twelve Judges." Chancellor
Thurlow is severely handled, perhaps deservedly.
The author is not severe indiscriminately ; on the
contrary, in many instances he does justice to the
virtues of those whose lives he has sketched.
One passage from the notice of Thurlow may
be worth quoting : —
" It has been the misfortune of this country, that the
legal and political characters have been lately so blended,
that more attention has been paid to the latter than the
former, and often at the expense of it. This was not
formerly the case ; and we pronounce without hesitation,
that the public suffers by the unnatural union. Let those
who have been so long anxiously looking for decrees in
the Court of Chancery be asked their sentiments of a
political Chancellor, they will paint their misery in such
colours as must convince every impartial person that the
supremacy in the House of Lords, and in the first Court
of Equity, should not be in the same person."
This was written in 1790, and it would be im-
portant to ascertain who it was that upwards of
sixty years ago ventured to speak out so boldly.
J. MT.
Edmund Peacham. — MR. RIMBAULT'S state-
ment (2nd S. ii. 427.) with regard to the character
of Peacham's book seems to imply that he has seen
a copy of it, or at least some account of its con-
tents. I should be very glad to know where any
s,uch is to be found. I was not aware that any-
thing was known of the nature of the writing in
question (a sermon in MS., I believe), more than
may be gathered from the interrogatories upon
which Peacham was examined, and from a paper
on the subject addressed by the king to the
council. The popular impression as to the cha-
racter of it, at the time of the trial, (for which see
Chamberlain's letter to Carleton, Aug. 14, 1615 ;
Halliwett, vol. ii. p. 370.), is difficult to reconcile
with MB. RIMBAULT'S statement. J. S.
George Herberts Sinecure. — What was this
sinecure presented to Herbert by James I. on the
death of Dr. Parry, Bishop of St. Asaph, who died
26thf Sept^ 1623 ? It had been previously held
by Sir Philip Sidney. It seems to have been some
post connected with Wales. J. Y.
Minov &u*rte4 font?)
Pope Urban VI. — Selden, in his Table Talk,
makes the following statement :
• " The Papists call our religion a Parliamentary religion,
but there was once, I am sure, a Parliamentary Pope.
Pope Urban (VI.) was made Pope in England by Act of
Parliament against Pope Clement (VII.). The Act is not
in the Book of Statutes, either because he that compiled
the Book would not have the name of Pope there, or else
he would not 'let it appear that they meddled with any
such thing, but 'tis upon the Rolls."
It is an historical fact that England sided with
Urban ; but what are we to understand by " 'tis
in the Rolls " ? CUSRICUS (D.).
[The Roll referred to by Selden, somewhat mutilated,
is given in the printed Rolls of Parliament, vol. iii. p 48
sect. 78., under 2 Rich. II. 1378. We quote a passage
from it : " Que le dit Urban estoit duement esluz en Pape,
et que .... il et .... doit estre verraie Pape, et . .
de Sainte Esglise 1'en doit accepter et obeir. Et a ce
faire s'accorderent toutz les Prelatz, Seignrs, et Coes en
le Parlement avaunt dit."]
The New President of the United States. — A
paragraph has been going the round of the news-
papers as follows :
" The New American President an Irishman. — It is not
generally known that Mr. Buchanan may be claimed by
Ulster. We understand that he was born at Omagh, in
the county of Tyrone; and we are told that he emigrated,
to act as British Consul to New York." —Northern Whig.
In a late number of " N. & Q." (2nd S. ii. 396.)
is an article intituled " Honora Sneyd: Miss
Edgeworth : Major Andre" at the end of which is
a letter dated. New York, Dec. 25, 1821, respect-
ing some offerings " To any of the relatives of the
late Major Andre, London," and ending, —
" If these tokens of sympathy and respect are received,
please inform us through the British Consul, Mr. Bu-
chanan, of this city, or the London Courier."
Query, is this Mr. Buchanan that Mr. Bu-
chanan ? J. S. s.
[Clearly not. The new President of the United States
was born on the 13th April, 1791, in the county of Frank-
lin, State of Pennsylvania. See Bogue's Men of the
Time."]
" Cair guin truism — On what grounds is the
ancient Cair guin truis (see Nennius's Hist, of the
Britons, vol. iii. p. 7.) supposed by some to be
identical withJNorwich ? ROVILLUS.
Norwich.
[In Ussher's list of the British cities (Britan. Eccles.
Antiq., p. 59.) the name of this place is Cair-Guintguic,
which he says " may perhaps have been Norwich (called
by the Britons, Cair-Guntin), or rather Winwick, in Lan-
cashire ; but according to the expounder of Nenniua, it is
Winton, or Winchester."]
Kit-cat Club.— Is there not a picture by Kneller
containing the portraits of members of this Club ?
Where does it exist ? and what is the subject of
it ? STTLITES.
[Jacob Tonson, who was the key-stone of the Kit-Cat
Club, was in high favour with all its members, who pre-
sented him with their portraits. These portraits were
executed by Sir Godfrey Kneller, all uniform in size, and
were hung up in the room which Tonson had added to
his residence at Barn Elms for the meetings of the club.
These pictures, on the death of old Tonson's nephew
Jacob, came into the possession of his brother Richard,
452
NOTES AND QUERIES.
S. NO 49., DEC. 6. '56.
who removed them to his residence at Water-Oakley,
near Windsor, where he built a gallery, lighted at the
top by a dome, and an ante-room, for their reception.
The Memoirs of the Celebrated Persons composiny the Kit~
Cat Club, fol. 1821, is illustrated with forty-eight portraits
from the original paintings by Sir Godfrey Kneller.]
Quotations Wanted. —
" Flumina amem silvasque inglorius."
[Virgil, Georg., lib. ii. 486.]
" . , , Amongst the coolly shade
Of the green alders by the Mullaes shore."
[Spenser, " Colin Clout's come Home again," line 58.]
" They found no end, in wandering mazes lost."
[Milton's Paradise Lost, book ii.]
G.K.B.
Boston, Mass.
Yellow for Mourning. — I do not know whether
the question has been mooted before, but I take
my chance.
Mr. Froude says, in his History of England :
" The Court was ordered into mourning : a command
which Anne Bolyne only had the bad taste to disobey."
There is a note from Hall : " Queen Anne wore
yellow for mourning." Why should he take Lin-
gard's authority against Hall's ? or can it be pos-
sible that he is not aware that yellow was mourn-
ing, as the old song, " Black and Yellow," might
have told him ? E. H. K.
[Pepys, on the Lord's Day, Sept. 16, 1660, says, " To
the park, where I saw how far they had proceeded in the
Pell-Mell, and in making a river through the park, which
I had never seen before since it was begun. Thence to
White Hall Garden, where I saw the king [Charles II.]
in purple mourning for his brother" [Henry, Duke of
Gloucester]. To this passage is appended the following
note from Ward's Diary, p. 177 : " The Queen-mother of
France died at Agrippina, 1G42, and her son Louis, 1643,
for Avhom King Charles mourned in Oxford in purple,
which is Prince's mourning." Cf. " N. & Q." 1st S. x.
178.]
OBSERVATION OF SAINTS DAYS.
(2nd S. ii. 43.)
Your correspondent F. S. has referred to a pas-
sage in Mr. Fynes Clinton's Literary Remains
(p. 387.), where that learned writer states, that
" the authority upon which the saints' days stand
in our Calendar ought to be considered, being
carried only in Convocation by a single vote."
We may ask whether Mr. Clinton has here
given a perfectly candid statement ? His lan-
guage might lead us to suppose that the observ-
ance or non-observance of saints' days was the
single subject debated ; but the fact is, that severa'
other articles were at the same time offered for
consideration to the Lower House, to be approvec
or^rejected, viz. :
1. The position of the minister when reading
rayers.
2. The omission of the cross in baptism.
3. Kneeling at the Holy Communion.
4. The surplice to be used.
5. Organs to be removed.
On these several articles there was " a great
contest in the House," particularly as to the
sneeling at the Holy Communion. Those who
'avoured the Articles, we are told, were " divines
ho had lately lived abroad, either in Geneva,
Switzerland, or Germany. The divines on the
other side reckoned the wisdom, learning, and
piety of Cranmer, Ridley, and other reformers of
;he Church, to be equal every way with those of
;he foreign reformers." (Strype's Annalst vol. i.
part i. p. 504.)
Latimer, however adverse to making new holy-
days, and strong in his language against the abuse
of holydays in general (Sermon 5.), voted with
the majority.
Strype numbers twenty-five other divines
(including seven deans and nine archdeacons)
" that appeared not at this concertation, neither in
person nor proxy." May we not assume that
many of them might in opinion be numbered with
the majority, and add to the number of fifty-nine?
A striking proof of the ignorance of the clergy
in Latimer's day is given in Sermon 38. , where
lie says :
' It were better for me to teach my family at home,
than to go to church — and spend my time in vain, and
so lose my labour ; if the curate were as he ought to bef
I would not be from the church upon the holiday."
J. H. M.
PROPORTION OF MALES AND FEMALES.
(2nd S. ii. 268.)
The proportion of the sexes is so nearly equal,
that there is not the slightest excuse for the gross
and absurd customs of the Mormonites. It is a
well-established fact that in Europe more boys
are born than girls, and yet the women usually
exceed the men in number. (See Malthus.) This
may be easily accounted for from the fact that
men are usually exposed much more to accidents
than women, who generally lead a sedentary life ;
and the immense drain of war on the male popu-
lation must not be overlooked. A writer in the
Quarterly Review (June, 1845), in an article on
the " Census of 1841," says :
" In European populations the co-existent females ex-
ceed the males about 5 per cent., whilst in the United
States the white males exceed the females about 4 per
cent. The only approach to a solution seems to be in the
greater proportion of male immigrants, &c. ... In
the free coloured population of the United States the ex-
cess of females over males is 6'7 per cent, more than in
2ad S. NO 49., DEC. G. '56.]
NOTES AND QUEBIES.
453
Europe ; whilst the male slaves exceed the female 5 per
cent,"
The Mormons, in their strenuous efforts to sup-
port polygamy, have been driven to all sorts of
expedients. They have cited the "patriarchal
dispensation " of the Old Testament, and have
even quoted the New Testament in support of
their practices. For instance," from the promise
given in Mark, x. 29., the sagacious " Chancellor
of the University of Deseret " deduces the follow-
ing question and answer :
" Q. What reward have men who have faith to forsake
their rebellious and unbelieving wives in order to obey
the commandments of God ? "
" A. AN HUNDRED FOLD OF WIVES in this world, and
eternal life in the next."
Not satisfied with thus wresting Scripture to
suit their licentious purposes, they have appealed
to the oriental system, then to the wide- spread
prevalence of prostitution in civilised Countries,
and latterly to the " great excess of females over
males." (See the article " Mormonism," Edin-
burgh Review, April, 1854.)
It appears from the census of 1851 that the
number of the male population of Great Britain,
excluding those absent in foreign countries, was
10,223,558, and the female population 10,735,919.
The proportion between the sexes was thus about
100 males to 105 females. But the births during
the last thirteen years give a reversed proportion,
viz. 105 boys to 100 girls. The subject of the
proportion of the sexes is, however, one full of
interest ; and the many curious discrepancies ex-
isting among various classes, and in different
countries, seem to call for physiological and sta-
tistical investigation. Vox.
PEE-EXISTENCE.
(2nd S. ii. 329.)
Your correspondent, MB. RILEY, inquires for
the name of a work or works on, what he calls,
the " fanciful," but which I trust he will forgive
me for designating the ancient and very probable
opinion, of the pre-existence of souls.
That the Deity, at the beginning of the world
(when we are taught that He " rested from all
His works which He had made"), created the
souls of all men, which, however, are not united
to the body till the individuals for which they are
destined are born into the world, was (to omit any
reference to Plato and his followers) a very ge-
neral belief among the Jewish Kabbalists, a com-
mon opinion in our Saviour's time, and holden
and taught by many fathers of the Christian
Church, as Justin Martyr, Origen, and others.
It was, however, opposed by Tertullian. (See
Bp. Kaye's Ecc. Hist, illustrated from the Writings
of Tertullian, p> 204., &c.)
Mede, in chap. iii. of his Mystery of Godliness
(Works: fol. 1708., p. 15.), combats the vulgar
opinion of a " daily creation of souls " at the tune
the bodies are produced which they are to inform.
He calls " the reasonable doctrine " of pre-exist-
ence ^ a key for some of the main mysteries of
Providence which no other can so handsomely
unlock." Sir Harry Vane is said by Burnet ( Own
Times, fol. 1724, i. 164.) to have maintained this
doctrine. Joseph Glanvill, rector of Bath (the
friend of Meric Casaubon and of Baxter, and a
metaphysician of singular vigour and acuteness)*,
published, in 1662, but without his name, a trea-
tise to prove the reasonableness of the doctrine.
It was afterwards republished, with annotations,
by Dr. Henry More. The title of the book is :
" Lux Orientalis ; or ari'Inquiry into the Opinion of the
Eastern sages concerning the Praexistence of Souls, being
a Key to unlock the grand Mysteries of Providence in re-
lation to Man's Sin and Misery." London : 1662. 12mo.
In 1762, the Rev. Capel Berrow, rector of Ros-
sington, published a work entitled A Pre-existent
Lapse of human Souls demonstrated; and in the
European Magazine for Sept. 1801, may be
found a letter from Bp. Warburtoii to the author,
in which he says, " The idea of a pre- existence has
been espoused by many learned and ingenious
men in every age, as bidding fair to resolve many
difficulties." Allusions to this doctrine will be
found pervading the beautiful verses of Henry
Vaughan, the Silurist, in his Silex Scintillans
(Lond. 1650), and traces of it occur in Words-
worth's " Ode on the Intimations of Immortality
in Childhood." Southey, in his published Letters
(by Warter, vol. ii. p. 160.) says :
" I have a strong and lively faith in a state of con-
tinued consciousness from this stage of existence, and
that we shall recover the consciousness of some lower stages
through which we may previously have passed seems to me
not improbable."
And again :
" The system of progressive existence seems, of all others,
the most benevolent ; and all that we do understand is so
wise and so good, and all we do, or do not, so perfectly
and overwhelmingly wonderful, that the most benevolent
system is the most probable." — Ibid., vol. i. p. 294.
W. L. N.
Bath.
MB. HENBY T. RILEY should read Wordsworth's
great Ode — " Intimations of Immortality from
Recollections of Early Childhood ; " after perusal
of which, his " fanciful " will perhaps seem to him
rather a flippantly-applied adjective. That " all
knowledge is recollection " is a doctrine Platonic,
* Among the Baxter MSS., in the Red Cross Street
Library, is a long letter, full of curious learning, from
Glanvill to Baxter, in defence of the doctrine of the soul's
pre-existence.
454
NOTES AND QUERIES.
-2«d g. NO 49., DEC. 6. '56,
and probably pre-Platonic into depths-of-ages
unfathomable. r A DESULTORY READEB.
Jersey.
MR. RILEY will find a short paper on this sub-
ject in Blackwood, circa 1827 or 8. It quotes
from Dr. Leyden's beautiful " Ode to Scottish
Music " the stanza :
" Ah ! sure, as Hindoo legends tell,
When music's tones the bosom swell,
The scenes of former life return,
Ere sunk beneath the morning star,
We left our parent climes afar,
Immur'd in mortal forms to mourn."
In a note on this passage, in Leyden's Poetical
Works, it is stated that the Hindoos ascribe the
effect which music sometimes "produces on the
mind to its recalling undefinable impressions of a
former state of existence. The paper in Black-
wood is probably by Christopher North himself.
|3.
Standard Office, Montr«se.
MR. RILEY will find the subject as well handled
as perhaps it admits of in Soame Jenyns's Essays.
The notion enters, more or less, into the majority
of oriental creeds and philosophies, and found a
believer in Plato. DELTA.
THOMAS TOXTON.
(2nd S. ii. 321.)
I beg leave to second the call of S. N". M. for
some particulars about Foxton. I have in my
possession a small quarto MS. containing the
whole Psalter, metrically rendered by the indi-
vidual in question, who would probably have sunk
altogether had he not been buoyed up by The
Dunciad :
" So Bond and Foxton, every nameless name,
All crowd, who foremost shall be damn'd to fame?
Some strain in rhyme ; the Muses on their racks,
Scream like the winding often thousand jacks :
Some free from rhyme, or reason, rule or check,
Break Priscian's head, and Pegasus' neck ;
Down, doAvn they larum, with impetuous whirl,
The Pindars, and the Miltons of a Curll."
Scriblerus' note to this intimates that these
were " Two inoffensive offenders against our Poet ;
persons unknown but by being mentioned by Mr.
Curll."
Pope's prediction has certainly been verified ;
for, with the exception of a few antiquaries, the
public at large know as little of Thomas Foxton
as they do of the worthy the poet has coupled
him with.
Foxton was, nevertheless, a pretty large con-
tributor to Curll's and other presses ; and as his
works collectively are recorded in no publication
I am acquainted with, I subjoin a list of such as
have come under my notice.
1. The Night Piece, a poem, . . . 1719.
2. The Character of a Fine Gentleman, with
Reference to Religion, Learning, and the Conduct
of Life. E. Curll, 1721 ; again J. Tonson, n. d.
Dedicated to the Rev. Mr. Shirley by T. F., who,
under the name of Serino, there eulogises Ad-
dison, lately dead.
3. Jessina, or Delusive Gold Lamenting the Mis~
fortunes of a Young Lady, 8vo., 1721.
4. South Sea Pieces to purge Court Melancholy,
bemg a Collection of Poems, Satires, Sfc., by Mr.
Stanhope, Mr. Arundel, Mr. Cowper, and Mr.
Foxton.
5. The Joys of the Blessed, a Discourse trans-
lated from the Latin of Bellarmine, 1722. The
only copy of this production of Curll's press I
have seen was a mutilated one ; the book seems to
have been profusely ornamented with head and
tail pieces, which some Goth had cut out, — pro-
ducing " Thou shalt not make to thyself any
graven image," as his warrant for such Vandalism !
6. A Poetical Paraphrase on the Hymn of Praise
to the Creator, called Benedicite. 1727.
7. The Tower, a Poem.
8. Moral Songs composed for the Use of Chil-
dren. A neat little volume, recommended by Dr.
Watts. Ford, 1728.
9. Burnett's Archreologice Philosophies. (See
" N. & Q." as above.) Curll, 1729.
10. The Female Dunciad, collected by E. Curll;
with the Metamorphoses of Mr. P. into a Stinging
Nettle. (By Mr. Foxton.) See Dunciad, Ap-
pendix.
11. A Metrical Version of the Psalms. MS.
This, although wanting in direct proof of his hand,
is sufficiently identified by bearing the old letter-
ing Foxton s Psalms, and the inscription " Co-
ningsby, given me by Mr. Archer, 1752. Wrote
by Thos. Foxton." The Moral Songs are dedi-
cated to this Mr. Thos. Archer, to whom Foxton
says he inscribed his first poem, and for whom he
expresses in a long and interesting address his
profound veneration as his early and steady pa-
tron, under a variety of mental and bodily suffer-
ing he had been called upon to endure. J. 0.
BURIAL WITHOUT COFFINS.
(1st S. xii. 380.)
Since I communicated a Note on the subject of
" Burials without Coffins," I have met with the
following statement inReliquice Hearniance, p. 534.
I heartily join in the satisfaction which you have
expressed (ante, p. 379.) at the prospect now held
out by the Principal of St. Mary Hall that these
" Remains," so long in abeyance, will at length be
2°<* S. NO 49., DEC. 6. '56. ]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
455
given to the world. With a large portion of this
work — by the kindness of the editor — I have
long been familiar, and I feel satisfied that the
anecdotes and information given in these pages
will be appreciated as a very valuable contribu-
tion to English History.
Hearne says :
" Formerly it was usual to be buried in winding-sheets
without coffins, and the bodies were laid on biers. And
this custom was practised about three score years ago
(1724), though even then persons of rank were buried in
coffins, unless they ordered otherwise. Thomas Neile, of
Hart Hall, in Queen Elizabeth's time, is represented in a
winding-sheet, in Cassington church. It seems, therefore,
he was not buried in a coffin, especially since his effigies
in the winding-sheet there was put up in his life-time.
In the monkish times stone coffins were much in vogue,
especially for persons of quality, and for those other dis-
tinguishing titles, such as archbishops, bishops, abbots,
abbesses, &c. Even many of the inferior monks were
sometimes so buried, though otherwise the most common
way was a winding-sheet. Yet even many persons of
distinction, instead of coffins, were wrapt up in leather, as
were Sir William Trussell and his lady, founders of Shot-
tesbrook church and chantry, in Berks, as may be seen in
my edition ofLeland's Itinerary, and 'twas in such leathern
sheets or bags that others were put that were laid in the
walls of churches."
The notice of Thomas Neile's monument will
remind your readers of Dr. Donne's. His " Pic-
ture " on board, representing him in his winding-
sheet, was placed by his bed-side. The tomb
itself, in marble, by Nicholas Stone, was fixed up
in St. Paul's Cathedral after his death, but it has
never been assumed that the dean was buried in
the vaults of his cathedral without a coffin.
Amongst the vestry minutes of St. Helens',
Bishopsgate, is the following (March 5, 1564),
proving that the custom had prevailed, and ought
to be stopped :
" Item, that none shall be buryd within the church,
unless the dead corpse be coffined in wood. Mr. Lott, in his
notices of this very interesting church, remarks that this
is the first sanitary minute with which he is acquainted."
— Transactions of the London and Middlesex Archaeologi-
cal Society, p. 66.
J. H. MARKLAND.
SIR THOMAS MORE S HOUSE AT CHELSEA.
(2nd S. ii. 324.)
With respect to Sir Thomas More and his house
in Chelsea the following notes of entries on the
patent rolls may be interesting :
"Pat. 4 April, 28 Hen. VIII. p. 1. m. (15). — Custody
of a capital message, &c., late of Sir Thomas More in
Chelseheth granted to Sir William Poulett, knt., during
the King's ^pleasure.
"Pat. 34 Hen.»VIII. p. 6. m. (6).— Lease'to Alice More,
widow of Sir Thomas More, of a messuage described thus :
* Unum mesuagium in Chelsey cum pertinentiis in comi-
tatu nostro Midd', quondam Mewtes * ac nuper in tenura
* Perhaps John Meautis, Henry VIII.'s French secre-
tary, may have been one of its former tenants. He had
Edwardi Berkcr et Edmundi Middelton et modo in tenura
rectoris ecclesiae parochialis de Chelsey; Quod quidem
mesuagium cum pertinentiis fait parcella terrarum et
possessionum nuper dicti Thome More militis de alta pro-
ditione attincti, ac in manibus nostris ratione ejusdem
attincturas modo existunt.' The lease was for 21 years,
and the rent 20s. 2d., being twopence more than the last
tenant paid.
« Pat. 10 Hen. VIII. p. 1. m. (12). — Annuity of 1007.
to Thomas More, one of the King's Councillors.
"Pat. 18 Hen. VIII. p. 1. m. (28). — Licence to Sir
Thomas More to export 1000 woollen cloths.
"Pat. 12 June, 27 Hen. VIII. p. 1. m. (24). — Mar-
riage articles of William Daunce, esq., son and heir of Sir
John Daunce and Elizabeth daughter of Sir Thomas
More, having been confiscated, were delivered up to Sir
John Daunce.
" Pat. I 6 March, 28 Hen. VIII. p. 4. m. (23). — An-
nuity of 20/. for life to dame Alice More, widow."
In addition to the above I may also note a
document which shows that a certain Sir Thomas
More was sheriff of Dorset and Somerset in May,
1533. It would, perhaps, be rash to presume his
identity with the author of Utopia, without farther
evidence than his name and knighthood ; but it is
certainly remarkable that a person of that name
should have been sheriff of two western counties
soon after Sir Thomas had resigned the office of
Lord Chancellor. The document in question is a
pardon to one Thomas Budde of Bath for felony
and breaking prison, and is entered on patent roll
25 Hen. VIII. p. 1. m. (36). JAMES GAIRDNER.
to
"History of the Sevarites" (1st S. iv. 43.) —
Turning over your earlier volumes, I notice that
your correspondents have been trying to fix the
authorship of this work, but have, apparently, left
the question as they found it ; some ascribing it
to Isaac Vossius, and some to Denis Vairasse. In
L.'s communication (see 1st S. iii. 4.), speaking of
the original book, printed for Brome, in 1675, he
says, this first part has no Preface, which is literally
true ; but it has an address of ten leaves, " The
Publisher to the Header," relating, in the style of
all fictitious narratives, how the mysterious MS.
came into the hands of the compiler, and is signed
D. V.
Where the evidence was before rather in his
favour, I think this decidedly shows Denis Vai-
rasse to be the original inventor of this curious
piece belonging to the large class of imaginary
voyages. Perhaps you may deem this worth
noting, particularly as this introductory matter is
not to be found in the Museum copy of Capt.
Siden's History of the Sevarites, or Severambi.
J. O.
an exemption from serving on juries by patent 4 Jan.,
Hen. VIII. p. 1. m. (11).
456
NOTES AND QUERIES.
N° 49., DEC. 6. '56.
Duke of Graf tori s " Vindication of his Adminis-
tration" (2nd S. ii. 372,) — To W. J. FITZ-PA-
TRICK'S wish, expressed in " N. & Q.," that the
Duke of Graf ton's Vindication of his Administra^
tion should be published, according to his will, I
can state that there was nothing in the will of fhat
duke relating to it. He had written a Memoir of
his Political Life, and had desired his sorj. and
successor not to publish it during the lifetime of
George III. The present duke lent it to Lords
Stanhope, • Brougham, and Campbell, who have
published extracts from it. In The Lives of the
Chancellors there is inserted from it a letter of
Lord Camden's, written on Lord Chatham's attack
of illness in the House of Lords, which occasioned
his death a few days afterwards. Lord Campbell
describes the letter containing the account as " the
most graphic and the most authentic extant of
that solemn scene." The "memoir, if published
now, would be stripped of its novelty, and conse-
quently would lose all its interest. J. F.
Spring Gardens, Greenwich (2nd S. i. 315.) —
These were situate near Christchurch, East Green-
wich, and for many years were garden ground ;
but, as is the fate of many such places in the
vicinity of the great metropolis, are now nearly
built over. GEO. W. BENNETT.
Greenwich.
Ouzel Galley (2nd S. ii. 419.) —
" In the year 1700 the case of a ship in the port of
Dublin excited great legal perplexity; and in order to
lessen the consequent delay and expense, it "was referred
to an arbitration of merchants, whose decision was prompt
* and highly approved. This led to the foundation of the
present society for terminating commercial disputes by
arbitration. The vessel was named the ' Ouzel Galley,'
and the society adopted the name. It is a popular and
useful society in Dublin."
The above extract is from poor Haydn's Dic-
tionary of Dates. What would the " Ouzel Gal-
ley " have awarded him as a pension had it been
referred to it to assess the value of his services to
his country ? E. LENNOX BOYD.
Spanish Proverbs (2nd S. ii. 388.) — I know not
for what " purpose " MR. MIDDLEMORE inquires
after Spanish proverbs, but I would venture to re-
mind him that there is no nation or language of
whose proverbs there exists so copious a collec-
tion as the Spanish, namely Sancho Panza's con-
versations as recorded in Don Quixote. The Don
frequently reproaches his follower with uttering
all the proverbs that ever were coined. The
most, or indeed the only, complete list of Spanish
proverbs would be an index to Sancho's dis-
courses. C.
I beg to call the attention of MR. MIDDLEMORE
to the very curious collection of Spanish proverbs
in James Howell's Lexicon Tetraglotton, fol. 1660.
They form a separate division of the book entitled,
" Refranes, 6 Proverbios en romance, 6 la Lengua
Castellana ; et los quales se han anadido algunos
Portuguezes, Catalanes, y Gallegos, &c. De los
quales muchos andan Glossados."
EDWARD F. RJMBAULT.
Maws of Kites (2nd S. ii. 372.) —What is re-
jected from the stomachs of birds of prey is
technically called castings. The process seems
necessary for their health, and it consists generally
of an agglomeration of food with feathers or wool,
&c., into a ball. Yarrell, in his History of British
Birds, vol. i. p. 109., says :
"Owls, like falcons, return by the mouth the indi-
gestible parts of the food swallowed, in the form of elon-
gated pellets; these are found in considerable numbers
about the usual haunts of the birds, and examination of
them when softened in warm water detects the nature of
the food."
In an old book on falconry, among the direc-
tions for the management of hawks, I find one as
follows :
" Let her (the goshawk) have every night castings of
feathers or cotton, and in the morning observe whether it
be wrought round or not, whether moist or dry, or of
what colour the water is that drops out of her castings ;
by these means he may know what condition his hawk
J. S. s.
Leaning Towers (2nd S. ii. 388.) — The tower
of the Temple Church, Bristol, leans nearly four
feefc out of the perpendicular, and has even, by
sinking, separated from the church. Its appear-
ance is unpleasant and somewhat alarming, but it
is examined from time to time, to test its security.
F. C. H.
I should like to know more of the crooked spires
of Yarmouth and Chesterfield, whether they were
actually, or only apparently, crooked ? One of the
two magnificent spires of the cathedral of Chartres
is, as I recollect, crooked to the eye, though in
fact perfectly straight and symmetrical. How
the deceptio visus was produced I was not able to
detect, but the effect was indisputable. C.
About twenty years ago the tower of Wybunbury
Church, in the county of Chester, had a consider-
able leaning towards the north-east. I am almost
afraid to say to what extent, but I believe to at
least five feet out of the perpendicular. It was as
marvellous to see standing as either of the Torre
Asinelli at Bologna, or the " Leaning Tower " of
the Duomo at Pisa, or the Campanile of the Ro-
manesque church of San Martino at Este, which
inclines as much, it is said, as that of Pisa. As
the inclination of the Wybunbury tower had been
showing a slight increase from year to year, it
was resolved, about 1834, to take it down as dan-
gerous, and rebuild it. Fortunately, however,
before this was finally resolved, Mr. Trubshaw, an
2nd S. NO 49., DEC. 6. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
457
architect (I hope I am right in the name), ex-
amined the tower, and offered to set it straight and
safe for 200/. His offer was accepted, and in the
course of a few months, and at an outlay of not
more, perhaps, than 40/. or 50/., by a most in-
genious and yet most simple process (which I wit-
nessed in operation) the tower was restored to its
perpendicular ; and so safely, that I believe not a
single stone of the fabric was displaced even
slightly or injured. The tower, a pinnacled, and
an unusually lofty one for a village church, is still
standing erect, an abiding monument of the ar-
chitect's skill. I saw it a few years since, and
could not detect in it the slightest deviation from
the perpendicular. W. T.
Contributors' Names (2nd S. ii. 382.) — Mr. CAR-
RINGTON'S proposition that contributors to"N. &
Q." should affix their names to their articles, though
plausible enough, would, I believe, be eventually
the ruin of the undertaking. Those who please
may, and many do sign, and others who give no
name are as well known as if they did ; but as a
general rule the absence of the name is, I am
satisfied, best. It tends to brevity — it obviates
personalities — it allows a freer intercommunica-
tion of opinion and criticism. Contributors under
the initials of B. J. or JR. would be less touchy
and less obstinate — less unwilling to ask or re-
ceive instruction or correction — than if they had
to maintain a public discussion in their proper
names and characters as Mr. Brown, Mr. Jones,
and Mr. Robinson. It is the same principle of
maintaining order and good humour in debate
that prohibits in Parliament the use of " Honour-
able Members' " proper names. If we were all
to give our names "N". & Q." would, in three
weeks, be a cock-pit ! C.
Interchange of " a " and " i " (2nd S. i. 236. ; ii.
437.) — Your correspondent MR. DE LA PRYME
has very justly blamed the wording of my remark
on the interchange of a and 1. I had in my mind
only the change of i where it is a long, and there-
fore a radical vowel. I am well aware how freely
short vowels are interchanged. Your correspond-
ent might have added to the instances which he
has quoted, all the compounds of facio, salio, and
capio. But I believe it will not be easy to find a
long i converted into a. E. C. H.
Organ ^ Tuning (2nd S. ii. 190.) — PROFESSOR DE
MORGAN'S questions not having been answered, I
have much pleasure in informing him that the
late Col. Peyronnet Thompson wrote most ably,
though I forget where, on the mathematical theory
of the musical scale ; and that it is upon his theory
that organs, pianos, &c., are tuned by " equal
temperament," as it is called.
If a keyed instrument be tuned by perfect fifths,
beginning say on c, its octave c will be in excess
of truth twenty-two or twenty-four beats, which
error, resulting from an imperfection of the scale,
if distributed among the intervening semitones,
will give a scale for adoption throughout the in-
strument, which will make all diatonic scales
alike as to distance between each note of the scale
and the tonic, and as little short of absolute truth
as possible.
If the worthy PROFESSOR will try his " prentice
hand " at tuning, and will make all his fifths two
beats short of truth, he will succeed in doing all
for his instrument which can be attained. 1 will
only add that, independently of my wish to oblige
that gentleman, this information may be of some
service to country readers who, like myself, live
without the pale of ready professional assistance.
R. W. DIXON.
Seaton Carew, co. Durham.
Epitaph (2nd S. ii. 408.) — The epitaph copied
by N. L. T. from a tombstone in St. Thomas's
Church at Ryde, is also placed on a tablet in St.
Anne's Church, Dublin, where the remains of
Felicia Hemans repose. The lines themselves are
taken from a dirge by that gifted woman, which
will be found in Miscellaneous Lyrics, where the
two stanzas are followed by another :
" Lone are the paths, and sad the bowers,
Where thy meek smile is gone,
But oh ! a brighter home than ours
In Heaven, is now thine own."
Poems by Felicia Hemans, vol. ii. p. 164.
1854.
C. M.
Bath.
These lines are to be found in the Siege of
Valencia, by Mrs. Hemans (vol. iii. p. 379. of
Blackwood's edition, published in 1839), and form
the " death hymn " chanted over the bier of
Ximena, the daughter of the Governor of Va-
lencia. W. T.
The. Lord of Burleigh (1st S. xii. 280. 355.;
2nd S. i. 437.) — In addition to the interesting
particulars which my Note on the above subject
has drawn from your correspondents G. L. S. and
C. M. INGLEBY, I have received from a valued
friend an authentic statement of the Burleigh ro-
mance, from which I will quote such passages as
will fill up gaps in the narrative, or correct any
errors that may have crept into previous accounts.
In the first place, the young lady to whom the
incognito Mr. Cecil paid his addresses was not a
Miss Masefield, but a Miss Taylor, who was after-
wards married to a Mr. Masefield. They lived
and died in Wolverhampton, the husband within
these two years. My informant was very intimate
with them and their married daughter, from whom
a portion of the present information is derived.
Miss Taylor was exceedingly beautiful: she de-
458
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd
49., DEC. 6. '56.
clined " Mr. Jones's " ofler of marriage solely be-
cause she was engaged to Mr. Masefield, and not
because of the mystery attaching to the other's
means and mode of life. Mr. Jones constantly
wore the disguise of a peculiar wig. Miss Hoggins
was not a beauty ; " she was fat, good tempered,
and amiable, but could never adapt herself to the
position to which she was raised." Her father
was a labourer, and her mother was a washer-
woman ; she assisted her mother in her occupation,
and Mr. Jones first saw her, and fell in love with
her, over a washing-tub ! He did not lodge with
her parents. On the wedding-day they leftBolas,
and did not return to it ; nor did Mr. Jones live
at the house he had built there, which was called
"Burleigh Cottage." A family of the name of
Tayleure lived there, and it is now the residence
of Mr. Taylor, a nephew of Mrs. Masefield. Miss
Hoggins was educated, at Mr. Cecil's expense,
before her marriage to him.
CUTHBERT BEDE, B.A.
Dr. Griffiths and the " Monthly Review " (2nd S.
ii. 351. 377.) — I believe, on reference to the ar-
ticle in the Monthly Review, that it will be found
to be a " catalogical " notice of a novel founded
on Cleland's unfortunate work, and not of the
work itself; such novel being exempt from all the
shameful details with which the other abounds.
D.S.
J. Huddlestone (2nd S. ii. 57.)— James II. in-
troduced this priest into the Bath Abbey for the
purpose of saying mass, but he was so boldly
opposed by Ken the bishop, that he was obliged
to retire. In passing, James drew his sword and
struck off the nose of the monument of Sir W.
Waller, who was Governor of Bath for Cromwell.
O. C. P.
Father John Huddleston was of the ancient
family of that name at Sawston, though he was
born in Lancashire. He aided Charles II. in his
escape in 1651, after the battle of Worcester, and
he reconciled his Majesty to the Catholic Church
on his death-bed in 1684. F. C. H.
John Henderson (2nd S. ii. 408.) — See Croker's
Bosivell, p. 763. (ed. 1848) and Hannah More
(Life, i. 194.) for all that, in addition to Cottle's
notice and Agutter's funeral sermon, is, or pro-
bably can be, known of Henderson's short and
obscure life. C.
Gually's Dragoons (2nd S. ii. 288.) — W. finds
that Captain Robert Browne was on half-pay of
Gually's Dragoons from 1712 to 1815 ! This
officer certainly appears to have enjoyed half-pay
for a lengthened period : he was a captain in the
infantry, and exchanged to half-pay of cavalry
previous to 1771, from which date to 1816, in-
clusive, his name adorns the half-pay list. In
1816, at the termination of the war, the Army
List was ^ thoroughly examined in the War Office,
with a view to remove from the half-pay list the
names of such officers as had died, or to whom no
half-pay had been issued for seven years previous.
In consequence of this measure, the names of
Captain Browne and of several other half-pay
officers were removed from the list, on which they
had apparently been forgotten. Gually's Dra-
goons were disbanded in 1712, but one of the
officers then placed on half-pay must have ex-
changed, many years afterwards, into an infantry
regiment with Captain Robert Browne, who then
took that officer's place on the half-pay of the
dragoon regiment, but only received half-pay as
captain of infantry. He was probably many years
dead when his name was omitted from the Army
List in 1816. The name of my late friend Major
J. G. Ferns, on retired full-pay of the 76th regi-
ment, appears at p. 30. of the Army List for Oc-
tober, 1856, although that officer died on the 26th
of May, 1856, at Halifax, Nova Scotia. His death
has probably never been officially notified to the
Horse Guards, and therefore his name is not
omitted from the Army List.
As W. possesses annual Army Lists of 1814-15,
will he oblige me by stating who held the office of
Drum Major-General, and what were the duties
connected with that office ? He will find it no-
ticed at p. 77. of the Annual Army List for 1815,
where Colonel Digby Hamilton also appears as
" Waggon-Master General," a situation the duties
of which must have been equally arduous.
On a future occasion I shall say a few words to
my valued friend the REV. MACKENZIE WALCOTT
and other correspondents who have lately written
on regimental titles. M. A.
Dream Testimony (1st S. viii. 287.) — The Red
Barn Murder was an instance of the kind ; the
murderer's name was Corder. It happened in
1830-4. I cannot find any account of it in the
Annual Register. I should be glad of any of the
particulars, or of a reference to a detailed account
of the affair. C. MANSFIELD INGLEBIT.
Birmingham.
Claret and Coffee, were they hnown to Bacon f
(2nd S. ii. 371.) — Coffee was certainly known to
him, as the following extract from his Sylva Syl-
varum will testify :
" They have in Turkey a drink called Coffa, made of a
Berry of the same Name, as Black as Soot, and of a
Strong Sent, hut not Aromatical ; which they take, beaten
into Powder, in Water, as Hot as thev can Drink it : And
they take it, and sit at it in their Coffa-Houses, which
are like our Taverns. This Drink comforteth the Brain,
and Heart, and helpeth Digestion. Certainly this Berry
Coffa; The Root and Leaf Betell; The Leaf Tobacco-,
and the Tear of Poppy (Opium), of which the Turks are
great Takers (supposing it expelleth all Fear;) do all
Condense the Spirits, and make them Strong, and Aleger.
2nd s. No 49., DEC. G. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
459
But it seemeth they are taken after several manners ; For
Goffa and Opium are taken down ; Tobacco but in Smoake;
And Betell is but champed in the Mouth, with a little
Lime. It is like there are more of them, if they were well
found out, and well corrected. Quaere of Henbane -Seed ;
of Mandrake ; of Saffron, Root and Flower ; of Folium
Indium; of Ambergrice ; of the Assyrian Amonum, if it
may be had; and of the Scarlet Powder, which they call
Kcrmez; and (generally) of all such Things, as do in-
ebriate and provoke Sleep. Note that Tobacco is not
taken in Root, or Seed, which are more forcible ever than
Leaves." — CENTURY viii. 738., edit. 1658, p. 155.
EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
Mankind and their Destroyers (2nd S. ii. 280.)-—
"Mankind pay best, 1. Those who destroy them,
heroes and warriors. 2. Those who cheat them, states-
men, priests, and quacks. 3. Those who amuse them, as
singers, actors, dancers, and novel writers. But least of
all those who speak truth, and instruct them."
Your correspondent will find this in the works of
Professor Thomas Cooper, of Charles Town. The
passage has been attributed, but incorrectly, to
the author of the Characteristics.
HORACE ST. JOHN.
The passage relating to the creation and de-
struction of man, referred to by MR. WILLIAM
BATES (2nd S. ii. 280.), and queried by him as a
saying of Franklin, is in reality a quotation from.
Tristram Shandy, vol.ix. chap, xxxiii.
JOHN BOOKER.
Rose Leaves (2nd S. ii. 387.) — I believe that
the oriental process of making these beads consists
in pounding the petals of the flowers in an iron
mortar, which gives the paste its black colour.
After being rolled or moulded into a spherical
form, the beads are dried, perforated with a red-
hot wire, and finally perfumed by being rubbed
with a little attar of rose.
"W. J. BERNHARD SMITH.
Temple.
" Romance of the Pyrenees" (1st S. xi. 105.) —
The Romance of the Pyrenees, inquired after by
your correspondent UNEDA, was written by Miss
Cutbbertson, author of Adelaide, and other ro-
mances. R. INGLIS.
" Check " or " Cheque " (2nd S. ii. 19. 377.) — I
must altogether differ from your correspondents |
on this question. My experience, which is ample !
for the decision of the point, is dead against them, j
I have found cheque almost universally used.
C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY. !
Birmingham.
Precentor of the Province of Canterbury (2nd S.
ii. 389.) — In Palmer's Origines Liturgies, edit.
1845, vol. i. p. 187., it is stated that, —
" The ' Use ' or custom of Sarum derives its origin from
Osmund, bishop of that see in A.D. 1078. We are in-
formed that he built a new cathedral, collected together i
clergy, distinguished as well for learning as for knowledge
bf chanting ; and composed a book for the regulation of
ecclesiastical offices, which was entitled the ' custom '
book. The substance of this was probably incorporated
into the Missal and other ritual books of Sarum, and ere
long almost the whole of England, Wales, and Ireland,
adopted it. When the Archbishop of Canterbury cele-
brated the liturgy in the presence of the bishops of hia
province, the Bishop of Salisbury (probably in conse-
quence of the general adoption of the ' Use ' of Sarum)
acted as Precentor of the College of Bishops, a title which
he still retains."
The Hollies, Wilmslow.
G. W. N.
Lollard (2nd S. ii. 329.) — The Rev. J. Blunt,
in his Sketch of the Reformation in England, says
that the name Lollard was probably given to the
sect as being tares, lolium, amongst the wheat ;
and he quotes a passage from Eusebius, which
proves that heretics were spoken of as tares at
an early age :
" £t£avtuv fiuoji/ XvfJMivofjifVwv rov ef AiKpivr) rr}? a.iro<rro\iKrjs
fttficurieaAtas tnropov" — Hist. Eccles. iv. C. 24. p. 187.
F. M. MlDDLETON.
Ellastone, Staffordshire.
Imp used for Progeny (2nd S. ii. 238.) — It ap-
pears to me not at all improbable th&t this .word
was used (pedantically at first) in the times of
Elizabeth and James I., not with reference to its
Saxon origin, but as an abbreviation of the Latin
word impubes, " one who has not arrived at pu-
berty." HENRY T. RILEY.
Clandestine Opening of Letters (2nd S. ii. 47.)
— The late Ralph Allen, Esq. (the Squire All-
worthy of Tom Jones), founder of Prior Park,
owed his fortune to opening letters in the Bath
post-office, in which he was employed. These
letters gave an account of a conspiracy in favour
of the Pretender in the west of England.
O. C. P.
Marriage, its first Solemnisation in the Church,
(2nd S. ii. 387.) — The decree of Pope Innocent
III., or rather of the Great Council of Lateran
convoked by that pope in 1215, regarded only the
universal publication of banns, which were already
in use in several countries. But it had always
been the custom to solemnise marriage before a
priest and receive from him the nuptial benedic-
tion. ' This is proved by reference even to the
early Fathers, as may be seen in the work of
Benedict XIV., De Synodo, lib. 8. It may suffice
here to quote the words of St. Synesius, Bishop of
Ptolemais in the fifth century :
" Fidelium nuptias palam in ecclesia f uis.se semper ab
episcopo aut presbytero benedictas et sanctificatas."
F. C. H.
Furious Cocks (2nd S. ii. 411.)— Was not
Boileau said to have had injuries inflicted on him
by a turkey cock, when a child, that rendered him
incapable of becoming a husband ? T. X. R.
460
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
[2nd S. NO 49., DEC. 6. >l
Fragments of Memorials^ of former Greatness
(2nd S. i. 405.) — Add t;o your list the stone coffin
of Joan, the daughter of King John, who was
married to Prince Llewellyn ap Jorwith, Prince
of North Wales. It is preserved in the demesne
of the Bulkeley family, who are very courteous,
and give every facility to strangers and visitors to
see Barren Hill. I copied the following inscrip-
tion in 1849 : —
"This plain sarcophagus (once dignified as having con-
tained the remains of Joan, daughter of King John, and
consort of 'Llewellyn ap Jorwith, Prince of North Wales,
who died in the year 1237) having been conveyed from
the priory of Llanfres, and, alas ! used for many 3rears as a
horse watering-trough, was rescued from such indignity
and pfaced here for preservation, as well as to excite
serious meditations on the transitory nature of all sub-
lunary distinctions, by Thos. James Warren Bulkelev,
Visct. Bulkeley. Oct. 1808."
On the other side of the coffin are the following
lines : —
" Blessed be the man whose chaste and classic mind
This unassuming monument designed,
Rescued from vulgar use the sculptured stone
To breathe a moral o'er thy ashes — Joan ;
To shew mankind how idle is the aim
To thirst for riches, or to strive for fame :
To teach them, too, to watch life's fleeting day,
Nor grasp at shadows which soon pass away ;
For Nature tells us in Angelic breath
There 's nothing certain in this world but death.
" August, 1823."
Truly, " Caesar's dust, and Shakspeare's bung-
holes " could not have a better commentary.
GEO. LLOYD.
In St. John's Church, Margate, there used to
be one or more helmets, with gauntlets, memorials,
it was said, of the Dandelion (Dent-de-Lioii) fa-
mily. In the church at Coleshill, in Warwick-
shire, there was, in 1839, an immensely ponderous
iron helmet to be seen, on one of the window-sills.
HENRY T. RILEY.
Derivation of Pamphlet (2nd S. ii. 408.) — I
differ altogether from MR. SINGLETON, and think
the derivation given in Johnson — par un filet —
is the very worst of all, — and that MR. SINGLETON'S
reason in favour of its being derived from three
French words, namely, that in French the thing is
called a brochure, tells just the other way : for if
it were French, would not the French have more
probably retained it? — but on the contrary the
Dictionnaire de V Academic says "pamphlet, an
English word borrowed into our language for a
brochure." Brochure is from broche, stitched.
Minshew derives it from the Greek irav 7rA7)0w, all
full ; Skinner from pampire, Fr. from papyrus ;
Cole from pampier, paper ; all very improbable. It
is clear that we are not yet on the right scent.
0.
How to frighten Dogs (2nd S. ii. 278.) — Let
me refer H. E. W. to Mure's Journal of a Tour
in Greece and the Ionian Isles, 1842, for a beauti-
ful illustration of Homer's account of Ulysses*
mode of escaping danger from the fierceness of the
dogs. At p. 99. vol. i., he relates that a benighted
traveller, approaching a shepherd's dwelling, was
surrounded by the dogs, and was in no small
danger till the old shepherd dispersed them.
This Eumalus told the traveller that he should
have sat down, and have laid aside his weapon of
defence, in which case the dogs would squat in a
circle round him, only stirring when he stirred,
and that the animals would withdraw at the call
of a person they knew. This was told without
any reference to the Odyssey. THRELKELD.
Cambridge.
Naked-Boy Court (2nd S. ii. 387.) — THREL-
KELD'S Query doubtless refers to Pannier Alley,
Newgate Street, so called from the stone relief
still, I believe, to be seen there, representing a
naked boy bestriding a pannier, with the doggrel
lines beneath (intended to commemorate the fact
of the place being the highest spot within the pre-
cincts of the city) :
" When you have sought the city round,
Yet still this is the highest ground."
Probably some of your correspondents more versed
in London antiquities can verify this.
HENRY W. S. TAYLOR.
Southampton.
BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES
WANTED TO PURCHASE.
Particulars of Price, &c. of the follow-in? Books to be sent direct to
the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and ad-
dresses are given for that purpose :
SPENSER'S FAERIE QQEENE. London. J. Brindley. 4tO. Vol/.II.
AYALA'S PICTOR CHRISTIANUS ERUDITUS.
Wanted by Rev. J. C. Jackson, 17. Sutton Place, Lower Clapton.
POPE'S LETTERS. 2 Vols. Small 8vo. Cooper. 1737.
POPE'S LETTERS TO CROMWELL. Curll. 1727-
CURLICISM DISPLAYED. London. 12mo. 1718.
THE CURLIAD. 12mo. London, 17*9.
KEY TO THE DUNCIAD. 12mo. London, 1729.
DITTO- DITTO Second Edition. 1729.
DITTO DITTO Third Edition. 1729.
COURT POEMS. Dublin, 1716.
Wanted by William J. Thorns, Esq., 25. Holywell Street, Millbank,
Westminster.
tu
Owing to the great number of articles in type waiting for insertion we
have been compelled to omit our usual NOTES ON BOOKS, and REPLIES to
many Correspondents.
A. HOLT WHITE. Where can we forward a letter to this Correspon-
dent f
M. F. B. We have been told that the origin of " Going to Bath to get
your head shaved " has something to do with the wig being too tight for the
head. We confess we do not see the allusion.
" NOTKS AND QUERIES" is published at noon on Friday, and is also
t'xxued in MONTHLY PARTS. The subscription for STAMPED COPIES for-
warded direct from the Publishers {including the Half-yearly INDEX) it
11s. Id., which may be paid by Post Office Order in favour of MESSRS.
BELL AND DALDY, 186. FLEET STREBT; to whom also all COMMUNICATIONS
FOU THE EDITOR should be addressed.
2»d S. N<> 50., DEC. 13. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
461
LONDON, SATURDAY, DECEMBER 13, 1856.
ILLUSTRATIONS OF MACAULAY.
Dr. Walker, Governor of Londonderry. — I am
not aware if anything is known of his family or
descendants, but I have in my possession a curi-
ous petition to George III. from a grand-niece, a
Mrs. Young, the wife of an American loyalist,
wherein she gives some particulars of the family
history. I transcribe it for the interesting inform-
ation it contains.
"To the King's Most Excellent Majesty,
" The Petition of Alicia Maria Young
" Most humbly sheweth
"That your most gracious Majesty's humble Petitioner,
impelled by the most poignant distress and the necessitous
calls of a numerous family, has presumed to lay at your
Majesty's feet a few lines, imploring not only your Ma-
jesty's royal benevolence but forgiveness for such pre-
sumption. That your Majesty's Petitioner humbly begs
leave to state, and which will appear by a certificate in
her possession from the Bishop of Leighlin and Ferns and
other dignified characters in Ireland, that she is Grand-
daughter to the late Captn Gervas Walker, brother of the
late Revd Doctor Geo. Walker, Governor of Londonderry
(in the Kingdom of Ireland) when besieged, and who fell
in the service of his Majesty King William. That in
consequence of his loyalty and signal services a pension
of one hundred pounds p. ann. was granted in 1756 to his
lineal descendant Geo. Walker, and at his decease con-
tinued to his daughters, Celia, Jane, and Sherry, the last
of whom died in 1781, since which period no pension has
been apply'd for by any of the Kindred of Governor
Walker. That your Majesty's Petitioner's Husband
John Young went to America in 1774 as a Merch*, where
by the Vississitute (sic) of fortune during the late war
his property and himself fell into the hands of the Ame-
ricans, which proved not only destructive to our little
fortune, but has involved himself and your most gracious
Majesty's petitioner with four dear children in utter ruin
and distress, your Majesty's Petitioner's Husband being
exiled from her for debt and consequently cannot render
the smallest services or assistance towards the support of
his distress'd family. That in this unhappy predicament
your Majesty's Petitioner with all humility begs leave to
prostrate herself fat your Majesty's feet, imploring that
the unfortunate and distress'd situation of herself and
Husband, with the cries of her four dear children, will re-
commend her to your Majesty's royal clemency, earnestly
imploring that the Benevolence and Humanity which has
so long distinguished your royal breast will plead her
cause, and that your Majesty in your accustomed Bounty
and Goodness will be graciously pleased to grant to your
Majesty's Petitioner, as the only indigent surviving lineal
descendant of Governor Walker, the Pension heretofore
enjoyed by the late Geo. Walker and his family, or such
other relief as to your Most Gracious Majesty may seem
meet, and your Majesty's Petitioner's distressed family as
in duty bound will ever pray.
" ALICIA MARIA YOUNG.
" 65. High Street,
Mary le bone."
To this petition is appended a certificate of Dr.
Inglis, late rector of New York, dated " London,
June 4, 1787," to the following effect : —
" I do hereby certify that Mr. John Young and Alicia
Maria his wife were personally known to me at New
York for several vears. as well before as during the late
j WM, ,K> fcrv.ivfi.\y «*o MUIU1K t
American Rebellion — that Mr. Young was a Merchant
of good reputation, took a decided part on the Bide of
Government when the Rebellion broke out, and uniformly
persevered in the same line of Loyal conduct — that he
suffered many losses in his property, by which his family
was reduced from affluence to indigence and distress —
that the above Alicia Maria his wife, who applied for this
certificate, is now in London and overwhelmed with dif-
ficulties to support herself and four small children — that
I always understood and believed her to be a woman of
respectable birth and education, and so far as I know ever
supported a fair and amiable character, and that she is an
object well worthy the attention of the benevolent and
humane, who may be disposed to assist dejected merit
and relieve those who have seen better days.
" (Signed) CHARLES INGLIS^ D.D.,
„ Late Rector of New York."
I know not what success the petition obtained,
or whether any ; and there is nothing endorsed on
it to show. The curious part of it is, that a col-
lateral descendant of the loyalist, Governor Wal-
ker, should have been the wife of an American
loyalist. The papers themselves came into my
hands amongst a mass of government documents
which I discovered some years ago in a cheese-
monger's shop, and I suppose had been thrown
out as waste or refuse paper, but they contain
many curious MSS. and autographs. T. S.
"The Dutch- Gards Farewell to England ." —
" In Times of great Danger have we been so civil,
To save your Religion from Pope and the Devil ?
The Freedoms and Laws which our Kingdom may
boast
Have we not Restor'd them, before they were lost ?
Your Lives we preserv'd from, the Priest's Bloody
Slaughter,
Endangering our Own by our Crossing the Water.
We might have been kill'd too, but that we were Cun-
ning,
And turning our Tails, sav'd ourselves by our Running.
Must these our Adventures with shame be Rewarded,
And not in the Lieger of Fame be Recorded ?
Must we the Battalions of Chosen Dutch Skaters, ")
Be drove by a Law from your Wives and your daugh- f
ters, f
And kick'd from the Crown like a parcel of Tray tors ?J
Must we that Redeem 'd you from Pop'ry and Slavery ; ^
And made you all Free in the use of your Knavery ; >
Be recompenc'd thus for our Courage and Bravery ? J
O England ! O England ! 'Tis very hard Measure ;
And things done in Haste, are Repented at Liesure.
" But since we are forc'd to take leave of your Nation
And Lope Skellum after a very Odd fashion ;
Where our Frowes and our Skildren were happily Set-
tled,
To tell you the Truth, we are damnably Nettled.
We bid you Farwell, since we're bound to forsake-ye ;
And heartily wish a French Devil may take-ye.
May Discords Domestick arise and confound-ye,
And Lewis this Summer with Forces surround-ye.
May your Taxes encrease till it quite has undone ye ;
And the Dutch run away with your Trade and your
Money.
462
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
[2"<»S. N° 50., DEC. 13. '56.
In the Midst of all which, may your Bankers forsake-
ye;
And run with their Treasure to Holland, and Break-ye.
" Farwel to your Beef, Pudding, Capon and Mutton,
Anfl all your fine Dainties, so fit for a Glutton:
You've Nothing so Good for a Dutchman to Eat,
As Burgooe, Red-herring, Dry'd Whiting, and Scate;
It's Food for a Burgher, or Chief of the State. "
Farwell to the Grandure and State that we liv'd in ;
And to your deep Bags we have pretty well div'd in.
Farewell Brother Soldiers, you Drunken poor Fellows,
Who whilst we were Paid, run the hazard of Gallows,
Like True Men of Honour, in Trying your Fortune
For Money to Compas a Punk and a Quartan,
Farwell to Hie Pleasures of Kensington Town;
And the Sutlers true Nantz, that went merrily down.
Farewel to King William, and Long may he Reign,
Whose Service we're forc'd from ; and now to be plain,
Vel G — d we shall ne're live so Happy again.
« London. Printed in the Year 1699."
No. 42. of the Collection of Proclamations, &c.
presented to the Chetham Library, Manchester,
by James O. Halliwell, Esq. F.R.S.
BlBLIOTHECAR. CHETHAM.
THE DUKE OF GRAFTON, PREMIER OF ENGLAND.
Apart from its supplemental interest to a Note
contributed by me (2nd S. ii. 372.), the following
biographical sketch of Augustus, Duke of Grafton
(which appeared in the Dublin Correspondent*
shortly after his Grace's death in 1811), may be
deemed, from the nature of its historical allusion
and detail, worthy of a niche in "N. & Q." The
Duke passed through eventful times, and was
himself a remarkable and variously gifted man.
Junius's estimate of his Grace's importance and
ability is evidenced in the implacable hostility
with which he pursued him for years. Gorton's
voluminous Biographical Dictionary, or the few
modern cyclopaedias which I have been able to con-
sult, makes no reference to the Ducal Premier. In
addition to the unpublished Vindication of his
policy, already referred to (ante, p. 372.), the Duke
wrote some theological disquisitions. The fol-
lowing contemporary memoir of the great-grand-
son of King Charles, the friend of Chatham, the
patron of Gray, and the enemy of Junius, is in-
teresting, and merits preservation : —
" The Duke of Grafton.
" This Nobleman, who formed a very conspicuous
figure in the political world, expired on Thursday last,
at Easton Hall, Sussex, in the 75th year of his age. lie
was born Sept. 28, 1735, and was great-grandson of
Charles the Second. The Duke possessed considerable
talents, and had acquired a good education. He was first
introduced into political life by the Earl of Bute, but he
afterwards attached himself to Lord Chatham. On the
retirement of that Nobleman from office, he became Prime
Minister. At this period his Grace was exalted into the
* For some data respecting this journal and its editor,
$e«N. &Q."l§tS. xii. 80.,
particular notice of the people by the literary attacks of
the celebrated Junius. Admirable as the letters of Ju-
nius are, and warmed as they appear to be by the impulse
of public spirit, there is reason to believe that motives of
private resentment influenced him, as there was a bitter-
ness and perseverance in his hostility towards the Duke,
which could hardly be considered as the offspring of mere
patriotism. — Such, however, was the operation of those
letters on the public mind, that the Duke of Grafton be-
came unpopular, and never after was a favourite with the
people. After his retirement from power, he occasionally
interfered in Parliamentary Debates, but never seemed
solicitous to resume an official situation. Whenever he
did speak, however, his opinions were generally adverse
to Ministers. He was formal and slow in his delivery,
but what he said was marked by good sense and know-
ledge of the subject.
" The Duke had the merit of patronising our great
Lyric Bard, Gray, who, by his Grace's inriuencc, was
nominated King's Professor of Modem History in the
University of Cambridge. The Poet made a return which
will immortalise his Patron, as he wrote an animated
Ode on the Installation of his Grace as Chancellor of the
University. The Duke in private life was affectionate
to his children; and though a sense of his high rank
uniformly governed his conduct, yet he was distinguished
for that good- breeding which formed a prominent feature
in the manners of the old British Nobility."
The Duke having been divorced from his wife
by Act of Parliament, she married John Fitz-
Patrick, second Earl of Upper Ossory, a title now-
extinct. WILLIAM JOHN FITZ-PATRICK.
Kilmacud Manor, Dublin.
NOTE ON THE " WAVERLEY NOVELS.
It was only a few days ago that I happened to
see the clever and ingenious pamphlet, Who wrote
the Waverley Novels? by W. J. F. I presume
the author is a lawyer ; at any rate, he ought to
be one, having made out so plausible a case by his
" special pleading" in this instance. But his essay
is all "mere moonshine" — "Love's Labour Lost."
He broadly states that Sir Walter Scott must
have made large use of his brother Tom's letters ;
and even insinuates, that all the MSS. of the
novels and tales are not in his own handwriting.
Now, I have frequently been in Scott's den (as he
called the study at Abbotsford) when he was
composing a forthcoming novel, and am quite
certain he never even referred to any MSS., but
only to the printed books in his own goodly col-
lection. The MSS. of the novels and tales were
the property of the late Archd. Constable ; and
when I was passing a few days with him at Polton,
near Edinburgh, while Scott was composing one of
the series of The Tales of my Landlord, he asked
me to put them in order ; taking care to lock
myself into his sanctum while I was engaged in
(his "labour of love." The MSS. were all there,
in Scott's autograph, except Ivanhoe and The
Bride of Lammermoor, which were dictated ; but
they were so much intermixed with each other,
. N° 50., DEC. 13. '5G.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
463
that it took me a whole day to separate and ar-
range them. Mr. W. J. F. does not appear to
know that these MSS. have been sold by auction
since Constable's death.
Tom Scott partook of his brother's talent as a
conteur, and may have told him some of the stories
which he afterwards worked up into his immortal
productions. But this may be said of Shakspeare
himself. How many of his plots have been traced
to obscure books ! He often pilfered the shape-
less stones with which he reared his glorious struc-
tures. I very much doubt if Tom Scott could
have penned a page worth printing ; but I am
very sure he was too indolent to have taken the
trouble of even trying to produce an article for
the Quarterly, as Sir Walter recommended. It is
astonishing to me that W. J. F. can doubt Sir
Walter's rapidity of composition when in health,
after reading Lockhart's interesting account (de-
rived from the undoubted testimony of John Bal-
lantyne, on that occasion one of the amanuenses)
of the dictation of two of his most finished tales, of
most engrossing interest — Ivanhoe, and The Bride
of Lammermoor * (see Life of Scott, ch. 44.)
while he was suffering from severe cramp in the
stomach. But I do not believe they were written
with more celerity than Sir Edward Bulwer's,
with the exception of two or three, the 2nd and
3rd vols. of Waverley, for instance, in less than a
month, and Kenilworth in three months to a day !
The latter was transcribed by me, and I made a
note of the time when I received the beginning
and end. The tale, however, had been in a latent
state, in Scott's mind, for several years.
I have read nearly the whole of the vast col-
lection of letters addressed to Scott, and there is
not a line there which could in the slightest degree
support W. J. F.'s theory of T. Scott's joint au-
thorship.
There was ff person to whom Scott was more
indebted than to his brother — but only for the
groundwork of some of his tales — Mr. Joseph
Train, to whose family Lord Aberdeen very pro-
perly granted a small pension for assistance ren-
dered by their father to Sir Walter Scott. Train
picked up some curious and interesting legends in
the course of his rides as an exciseman, which he
communicated by letter to Sir Walter, who made
a liberal use of them, which he amply acknow-
ledged in the annotated edition. Mr. Train's
letters are now at Abbotsford, and I have read
several of these " long yarns." Though they show
much zeal in Scott's service, they are not remark-
able for any particular talent. In truth, there is
as much difference between Mr. T.'s disjecta
membra and the tales to which they partly gave
* Lockhart is mistaken in saying " the whole of the
Legend of Montrose was dictated," the greater portion
having been transcribed by me from Scott's MS.
birth, as there is between a rough block of free-
stone from the quarry and the " living marble "
which shines forth, to captivate generation after
generation, in the Apollo Belvidere.*
GEO. HUNTLY GORDON.
JOHN CHURCHILL AND THE DUCHESS OP
CLEVELAND.
Mr. Macaulay, speaking of the 5000Z. given by
the Duchess of Cleveland to Churchill, says
(vol.i. p. 461.):
' I hope there is no truth in an addition to the story
which may be found in Pope :
* The gallant, too, to whom she paid it down,
Lived to refuse his mistress half-a-crown.' •
urll calls this a piece of travelling scandal."
In looking through the New Atalantis I found
what I have no doubt is the original story. Count
Fortunatus is the Atlantic name of John Churchill,
and the Duchess de L'Inconstant that of the
lady (vol. i. p. 57. ed. 1720) :
" Her Pension was so ill paid, that she had oftentimes
not a Pistole at Command ; then she solicited the Count
(whom she had raised) by his Favour with the Court,
that her Affairs might be put into a better Posture ; but
he was deaf to all her Intreaties. Nay, he carried his In-
gratitude much farther : One Night at an Assembly of
the best Quality, when the Count tallied to 'em at Basset,
the Dutchess lost all her Money, and begged the Favour
of him, in a very civil Manner, to lend her Twenty Pieces ;
which he absolutely refused, though he had a Thousand
upon the Table before him, and told her coldly, The
Bank never lent any Money. Not a Person upon the
Place but blamed him in their Hearts: As to the
Dutchess's part, her Resentment burst out into a Bleeding
at her Nose, and breaking of her Lace ; without which
Aid, it is believed, her Vexation had killed her upon the
Spot."
Without passing any judgment upon the first
accusation, it will probably be thought that on the
charge circumstantially made, Churchill must be
honourably acquitted, as having done the kindest
thing that could be done. It may be added that
probably the money was not his own, or rather,
would not have been his own if the story had
been true. A. DE MORGAN.
THE PEN AND THE SWORD.
Literary pursuits are but little in accordance
with those of warfare ; still I have met with two or
three instances, and those in remarkable persons,
who have become gens de Vepee ; and perhaps some
* [However unwilling to open the columns of "N. &
Q." to any farther discussion upon this subject, we do not
feel justified in excluding a communication supplying
important facts, with which MR. HUNTLY GORDON had
peculiar facilities of becoming acquainted. — ED. " N. &
Q"]
464
NOTES AND QUERIES.
£2»aS. NO 50., DEC. 13. '56.
of your readers may be able to furnish me with
notices of some others,, which I shall be happy to
receive. The period of their services I should wish
to be during the reign of Geo. III., the armes of
service which they followed those which may be
styled pro aris et focis, the Militia, Fencible. Ca-
valry, &c., which were raised for the defence of
Great Britain or Ireland, and whose duties termi-
nated with the duration of the wars then pending.
Of the examples with which I am acquainted, I
may produce, in the first place, Edward Gibbon,
who was a captain in the South Hants Militia,
commanded by Sir Thomas Worsley, Bart. From
the engravings we have of Gibbon, he seems to
have had but little of the military air or appearance,
nor do the duties of an officer seem to have been
quite congenial with his ideas, and he quotes Cicero
to that effect.* Secondly, I may mention Francis
Grose, the distinguished antiquary, who was for
many years captain and adjutant of the first
Surrey Militia, and I leave your readers to judge
of his military figure by the ^excellent portrait of
him by Bartolozzi, in vol. i. of Antiquities of Eng-
land, Lond., 1773. The last example which I shall
adduce is that of Sir Samuel Egerton Brydges,
Bart, (and that I may not derogate from his titles,
he used to sign himself per legem terras Baron
Chandos), who was a most voluminous author,
and one of great versatility of talents. He held
a troop in the New Romney Fencible Light Dra-
goons for three years, 1795 — 1797. *.
Richmond, Surrey.
Salisbury Primer. — There was sold, in Mr. T.
Nisbet's Sale Rooms, Hanover Street, Edinburgh,
a very fine copy of the Salisbury Prymer, printed
in black-letter at Rouen, in 1538, and full of cuts.
It came from an old library in Aberdeenshire,
and had been in possession of the inheritors of the
family estate for upwards of two centuries and a
half. It was in the original sheep binding ; but
on the sides, on different pieces of leather, the
name of the first proprietor had been impressed :
" Katherine Campbell" on the one side, and
" Contes of Crufurde" on the other. In the Cata-
logue, one leaf (fol. 129.) was represented as want-
ing. This choice morsel for a bibliomaniac was
purchased by Mr. T. G. Stevenson, bookseller,
Edinburgh, at the moderate price of 12Z. 14.?. 6<i,
for the Lord Lindsay, the Mr-apparent of the
Earl of Craufurd. J. MX.
Picture Cleaning. — A curious MS. in my pos-
session, in the handwriting of the seventeenth
* See Miscellaneous Works of Gibbon, by Lord Shef-
field, 5 vols. 8vo., Lond., 1814, vol. i. p. 137. and Epistol,
of Cicero ad Atticum, lib. v. epist. 15.
century, being a kind of note-book, and abound-
ing in quaint recipes, experiments, and inventions
(to some of which the author appends probatum
est), among others gives the following valuable! one
for cleaning oil-paintings ; which, if not already
employed in our National Gallery, might perhaps
serve, when that collection again requires scouring :
" How to refresh and scowr old picturs that are wrought in
oyle.
" Take the picture fro the frae, wipe off the dust very
cleane, and lay it levell upon, a table, powreing good
sharp vinegr all ovr it ; and theyr let it lye and soake for
three or fower howers ; if the vineg* dry up, then powre
on more, continually keepeing it wett. Then take the
poudr of a dry brick, well and finely searsed,* (for fear of
scraeing f the picture), tyed. up in. a cours linnen ragg,
dip it well in a porrenger of vinegr, and with it rub and
scowre your picture very hard, all ovr ; when you thinke
it is cleane, with fair water or a wet clout wash away
the^ filth, and when it is well dryed, put it again into the
frae, and let it stand in the su for a day or two (for the
sun refresheth colours very much), rub it with a dry
woollen cloath untill it shine, then hang it up."
A marginal note tells us :
" This opposite receit will cause it to looke all most as
fresh as when, it was new. . . . Some use to wash them
in. soap, and then oyle or varnish them over, but that is
not good becaus the oyle or varnish will turne yellow,
and gather dust."
CL. HOPPEK.
" Ideational" a new Word. — Dr. Carpenter, in
the last edition of his Principles of Human Physio-
logy (p. 546.), has introduced this word to express
a state of consciousness which is excited by cer-
tain subjective conditions of the cerebrum, in a
manner analogous to that state of consciousness
which is excited by a sensation through the in-
strumentality of the sensorium.
Dr. Carpenter quotes Mr, James Mill as his
authority for the substantive form of the word,
riz. ideation.
As the adjective form is so appropriate, and
expressive, it is to be hoped that it may come to
be admitted by psychologists.
In the mean time, it may be useful to put on
record in " N. & Q." the introduction of this new
word. W. B. K.
Sun Dial Motto. — The following I copied from
the sun-dial on an old house in Rye. Over the
dial :
Tempus edax rerum."
Under it :
" That solar shadow
As it measui-es life it life resembles too."
H. E. P. T.
Hackney.
In Brading churchyard, Isle of Wight, on a sun-
dial, fixed to what appears originally to have been
* Searsed, sifted.
f Scraeincr, scrameing or ecraneing, i. e. scratching.
2«« S. NO 50., DEC. 13. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
465
part of a churchyard cross, is the motto : " Hora
pars vitse." MERCATOR, A.B.
The Latin "ve" and the Scotch "wee."— If
Ovid is right in his assertion (Fasti, book iii.
1. 446. et seq.), that the Ve in Vejoois was an an-
cient Latin word, expressive of diminutiveness, it
is a curious coincidence how nearly it resembles
the Scottish word wee, expressive of an exactly
similar meaning. HENRY T. RILEY.
Origin of the Malakoff'. —
" Some ten years ago a sailor and rope-maker, named
Alexander Ivanovitch Malakoff, lived in Sevastopol,
and by his good humour, jovial habits, and entertaining
qualities, became the centre of a select circle of admiring
companions. Like many great conversationalists and
wits, Malakoff contracted most intimate relations Avith
Bacchus ; and under the influence of the latter he parti-
cipated, in 1831, in some riots which broke out in the
town, and which had one result — that of the dismissal of
Malakoff from the dockyard in which he was employed.
Being incapable of turning himself to any more reputable
trade, he opened a low wine-shed on a hill outside of the
town, and introduced into practice the theoretical notions
which he had acquired by a long and zealous study of
the nature of beer-houses and wine-shops. His trade
prospered ; his old admirers crowded round him ; and in
their enthusiasm christened the wine-shed, which soon
expanded into a decent public-house, and the hill on
which it was built, by the name of the popular host. In
time a village grew around the public-house, and was
likewise called by the name of Malakoff. But the enter-
taining and imaginative founder of the place in his deepest
cups could never have dreamt that one day his name
would be in the mouths of all men, and that one of the
heroes of a great Avar would esteem it as an inestimable
title of honour." — Gazette de France.
THRELKELD.
The Porterfields. — The following cutting from
the Greenock Advertiser*' of Oct. 31, 1856, notes
the last of a family living, in the West of Scotland,
namely, the Porterfields of Duchal or Porterfields
of that Ilk, i.e. Porterfields of Porterfield.*
" An intelligent friend strayed into the churchyard of
Kilmalcolm last Tuesday, and made the following inter-
esting note. On the tomb of the Porterfields of Duchal,
a very ancient pile, there is cut the following :
' Bvreit heir lyis
That deth defyis
Of Portertields their age
Qho be the Spirit
$-,# To Christ unite
Are heirs of glor. throu. grace
• 1560.'
Which, translated into modern English, runs thus —
* Buried here lies
That death defies,
Of Porterfields their age ;
Who, by the Spirit,
To Christ united,
Are heirs of glory, through grace.
^ 1560.'
* Ross Corbett Porterfield, Esq., died at Gourock on
Oct. 26.
He adds, it is only four years short of three hundred since
the above was chiselled, and set up in the churchyard of
Kilmalcolm. Tuesday's obituary recorded that the last
of the Porterfields has just passed away."
A. M.
Greenock.
- Errors in the English Mint. — In Mr. Timbs's
interesting book on Popular Errors, he mentions,
as the most remarkable instance of blundering
in the national mint, the well-known " Tower
half-pence," bearing the sovereign's name as
"GEOGIUS." At a far earlier date a much more
remarkable error was committed. One of Ed-
ward III.'s gold issue of 1347, instead of bearing
on its reverse the legend " DOMINE . NE . IN . FVRORE .
TVO . ARGVAS . ME," reads " DOMINE . IN . TVRORE .
TVO . ARGVTS . ME." One of these is in my posses-
sion. They were at once called in, and are exces-
sively rare. R. JE\ L.
Norwich.
Imitations of Coins. — When I was at Malta,
some years back, I had lent to me by Capt. Spratt,
of the " Spitfire," I fancy, some ten or a dozen
false dies which had been seized in one of the
Greek islands. The engraver, it was said, had sold
two or three thousand pounds' worth of silver and
other Greek coins (counterfeits) to the English
collectors. The dies were well executed, and the
mode of coining seemed to be like the Mediaeval,
viz. hammering till the impression was complete.
Of course coins struck in this manner from such
dies would be very difficult to detect, and so I think
more than ordinary care should be paid to the
Greek coins, as the Greeks are both clever and
cunning. J- C. J.
GEORGE THE FOURTH'S BOOTS.
In most of the illustrated political pamphlets
published about the time of the Queen's trial,
the king's boots are prominent. He not only-
wears them, but they appear separately. In Hone's
Slap at Slop they are the legs of " a nondescript,"
the weights of a clock, and a mirror, to which Sir
Charles Warren having applied his varnish sees
his own head with a judge's wig on. Mr. Warren
had been a strong opponent of the court, till the
chief justiceship of Chester became vacant, when
he made a speech highly complimentary to the
Regent, and won the office. In the same pamphlet
is a limping imitation of Southey called a vision of
want of judgment, where, " in flames and sulphu-
reous darkness," the Laureate sees some of his own
minor poems :
" And two boots were there a burnt-offering to peccadillo
But the owner thereof was a glorified spirit above :
Where, as in duty bound, I had sung to him, « Twang-
a-dillo,'
He that loves a pretty girl is a hearty good fellow.
466
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2*4 S. N° 50., DEC. 13. '56.
The boots are not in themselves remarkable,
being such as the Horse Guards now wear. Is a
story connected with Them ?
Many pamphlets of that time are extinct :
others are deservedly scarce. I read lately,
though I have forgotton where, an artiole in
which the writer regretted that he had not been
able to see a copy of Tentamen, An Essay towards
the History of Whittington, certainly one very well
worth preserving. From your answer to H. S. K.'s
Query (2nd S. ii. 373.), it is probable that more
than one work bore the title of Nero Vindicated.
The lines are a clumsy paraphrase on two cited
by Boxhorn-Zuerius, without the author's name,
in his notes to Suetonius, Lugd. Bat., 1672, p. 596.
as having been applied to Tiberius :
" Fastidit vinum quia jam sitit iste cruorem
Tarn bibit hunc avide, quam bibit ante merum."
Those allusions which are best understood by
contemporaries are often the most obscure to
posterity. Few make notes of what everybody is
supposed to know. Nobody repeats last year's
imprinted, jokes, avowing them to be of that age.
They drop out of conversation and into oblivion.
How many characters in Churchill's satires are
now unknown ! There is Whiffle in the fourth
book of The Ghost, one of the most perfect of
satirical portraits. I cannot ascertain who sat for
it, and Mr. Tooke's edition, as usual, where any
but the commonest information is wanted, has no
note. H. B. C.
U. U. Club.
Norderis " Sinfull Mans Solace" — There is an
old book, written by John Norden and printed in
black letter by Richard Jones in 1585, entitled
A Sinfull Man's Solace. I have a copy which
wants the title page and the first four leaves.
Will any one be so good as to give me a general
account of the book, and tell me where I am likely
to find a perfect copy of it ? Is it of any theolo-
gical or literary value ? Has it ever been re-
printed ? * HENRY KENSINGTON.
What was the Temperature of the Weather at
the Birth of our Saviour ? — Was it similar to that
of a cold Christmas night in England? I fancy
not ; although I believe, that, at some seasons of
the year, the nights in the Holy Land are exceed-
ingly cold. The Gospels tell us of the coldness of
the night preceding the Crucifixion; but they
[* John Norden is better known by his topographical
Surveys: all his devotional works are rare; and we can-
not discover a copy of A Sinfull Mans Solace in any
ui:« 1:1 _ m _^i~'_ i__ . .__ i i .. \ *i i ,
Man's Rest, 1631. — ED.]
say nothing as to the temperature of the weather
at the birth of our Saviour. Artists and writers
(but especially the latter) seem to prefer now- a-
days to represent, the night of the Nativity as in
all respects similar to an English winter's night.
Is this correct ? CUTHBERT BEDE, B.A.
Translator of Terence's " Andriun." — There
was a translation of the Andrian of Terence (Latin
and English), printed at Sherborne, about tke
year 1772. Who was the translator? R. INGLIS.
Compulsory Attendance at a Parish Church. —
In a treatise on Sir Matthew Hale's History of the
Pleas of the Crown, by Professor Amos, the fol-
lowing passage occurs under the section of " Re-
pealed Felonies," p. 235. : —
" In the year 1817, at the Spring Assizes for Bedford,
Sir Montagu Burgoyne was prosecuted for having been
absent from his parish church for several months: the
action was defeated by proof of the defendant having been
indisposed. In the Report of Prison Inspectors to the
House of Lords in 1841, it appeared that in 1839 ten '
persons were in prison for recusancy in not attending
their parish churches. A mother was prosecuted by her
own son."
Perhaps some of your readers may be able to
furnish particulars of Sir Montagu Burgoyne's
prosecution, or of some of the ten persons referred
to in the Report of the Inspectors of Prisons.
W. H. WILLS.
Bristol.
William Andrew Price, Esq., Governor of Surat
in 1774. — Will you or either of your readers be
so kind as to give any particulars as to William
Andrew Price, or where any information can be
obtained respecting him or his place of birth or
family, as some poor persons are searching out for
such? and whether he was related to Andrew
Price, Esq., who died at Shad Thames in 1748 ?
GLWTSIG.
Corkscrews and Bottlescrews. — When were
corkscrews first invented ? and when first so
called ? At the beginning of the last century
they were generally called bottlescrues. The last
poem in Nicholas Amhurst's Poems on Several
Occasions is one called " The Bottle Scrue. A
Tale." And the writer, after lamenting that
" Still unsung in pompous strains,
Oh ! shame ! the Bottle Scrue remains,"
proceeds to give the legendary origin of the inven-
tion. Bacchus is described in the poem ; and
among other things it is said of him, —
"This hand a cork-scrue did contain,
And that a bottle of champaigne."
Yet bottle scrue would seem to be the then name
of this useful instrument. S. £T. M.
Family of Jennens or Jennings, eo. Warwick and
Berks. •—• Any information touching the pedigree
2"d S. NO 50., DEC. 13. '56.]
NOTES AND QUEEIES.
467
of Richard Jennens of Long Wittenham, High
Sheriff' of Berks in 1678, wjll be very acceptable
to the undersigned.
To the marriage settlement (dated Sept. 27,
1653) of Catherine Jennens and Thos. Herbert of
Stretton, Agnes Jennings of Stretton, widow, and
Thos. Jennings her son, James Jennens of Long
Wittenham, Richard Jennens his son, and Cathe-
rine Jennens his daughter were parties.
And a deed of 1638 recites that certain property
at Stretton on Dunsmore had been recently pur-
chased of Edmund Jennings.
In the Visitation of Warwickshire of 1619 is a
short pedigree of
William Jenins, Lancasters Herald, 8 Hen. VIII.=
John Jenens of Spesley, co. "Warwick=Daughter of Markham of
I Astwood.
Fulke Jenens.
Geoffrey Jenens=Margery, daughter of Poultey.
Oliver. Willm.
John Jenins,
setat 24, 1619.
Query, Did the Jennings of Stretton spring
from this family ? and what relations were they,
if any, to Humphrey Jennens, ancestor of Lord
Howe ? MEMOR.
"A View of the Jeivish Religion." — In the
Publick Intelligencer, Jan. 28. to Feb. 4, 1655-6,
in a note, is this advertisement of a book :
"A View of the Jewish Religion, containing the
manner of Life, Rites, Ceremonies, and Customes of the
Jewish Nation throughout the World at this present
time ; together with their Articles of Faith as now re-
ceived ; faithfully collected by A. B. Sold hy E. Brew-
ster and J. Miller at the Crane and at the Star in
Paul's Churchyard."
Can any of your readers refer me to the library
where I can have the inspection of the above
work ? It was published close upon the moment
when the return of the Jews to this country was
accomplished. Y. S.
Thomas Barker, an Early English Printer. —
A pamphlet is preserved in a volume in the library
of the British Museum, 13 M. M. g., 1716: en-
titled :
" Copie va Sekere antwoorde aende Staten op tVer-
soeck van meerder Secours ghegeuen tot Groenwits de
vyfden, Februarij M.D.LXXXVIIJ. Ghedrucht tot London,
by Thomas Barcker, 1588. 4to." (Z>«fcA.)
But at the end, " God save the Queen." No
Thomas Barher occurs, as an English printer, in
Herbert's edition of Ames's Typographical Anti-
quities. Can any of your readers supply informa-
tion regarding this tract ? H. E.
Bell Founders in 1722. — Was there any cele-
brated bell-founder living in 1722, whose initials
were A. R. The bells of this church have this
date and initials on the rim. ALFRED T. LEE.
Tetbury, Gloucestershire.
Thanhs after Reading the Gospel. — Being at
Fairfield Church, near Buxton, this summer, f was
agreeably surprised, after the officiating minister
had finished reading the Gospel for the day, by
the clerk's responding, " Thanks be to God for
his holy Gospel," or words to that effect. Wheatly
says, " This custom is as old as St. Chrysostom,
but we have no authority for it in our present
Liturgy." Are there any other places where it is
still observed ?
Whilst on this subject, I may mention, that at
Corbridge, in Northumberland, I observed that
many of the older portion of the congregation did
reverence when the minister came to those words
in the Venite, " O come let us worship and fall
down," &c. Does that custom obtain elsewhere?
J. EASTWOOD.
Eckington.
" Adventures of a Black Coat" 8fc. —
1. Who was the author of a thin little book, in
12mo., entitled Adventures of a Blach Coat? It
was printed at Edinburgh, without date, some-
where between 1770 and 1780. The scene lies in
London ; it is far from destitute of humour.
2. The History of a French Louse, in which the
Chevalier Deon, Beaumarchais, Duke of Richmond,
Franklin, and other celebrated personages figure.
A note in my copy ascribes it to Mr. Richard
Tickell, author of Anticipation; but this seems
questionable.
3. Who was "William Freke, Esq.?" author
of —
" Select Essays tending to the Universal Reformation
of Learning : concluded with the Art of War, or a Sum-
mary of the Martial Precepts necessary for an Officer."
London, 1693, small 8vo.
Was he a predecessor of the Lords Carbery ?
J. MX.
Bell Gable for Three Bells. — On the church at
Ford, in Northumberland, there is an Early En-
glish bell gable, pierced for three bells, one being
above the other two. Can any of your readers
inform me of any similar instance, as none has
come under my own notice. J. R. K.
Oxford.
Cold Tea.— In the Spectator, Tatler, or Guar-
dian, we find mention made of a " keg of cold
tea," as an appropriate present to a lady. When
did this fashion of drinking cold tea go out ? and
what was the method of preparing it ? Did it at
all resemble the liqueur of the present day, known
(I think) as crime de the f HENRY T. RILEY.
Fransham of Norwich. — Whence can I obtain
any information respecting Isaac Fransham, of
Norwich, who died May 7, 1743 ? His epitaph
runs thus :
" Spe beatae Resurrectionis, in tumulo non procul ab
hoc Harmons Monumento jacent Cineres Isaac! Fransham,
468
NOTES AND QUERIES.
NO 50., DEC. 13. '56.
Gen' olim *un' Attorn' Cur' Dni' Regis de Banco, nati in
Parochia Sci' Petri de Mancroft in Civitate Norvici ann
Salutis 1660, qui obijt Maij 7° 1743, anno aetatis sua 82
una cum corpore Rob. Frunsham Patris ejus."
I especially desire to know when his wife died ?
Was John Fransham, the Norwich polytheist (who
died Feb. 1, 1810), descended from him?
J. CYPRIAN RUST
Norwich.
Portraits of Lawyers. — Can any of your corre-
spondents inform me, whether a second part ap-
peared of —
" Portraits of the Worthies of Westminster Hall, with
their Autographs, from Fac-similes of Original Sketches
found in the Note- book of a Briefless Barrister." (Pub-
lished by Thomas & William Boone: London, 1823,
Parti.)?
The sketches are exceedingly clever, and very
like ; but I never saw a second part : as the first
part was priced at 20s., this would necessarily
limit the circulation. J. MT.
The Czar. — It has been stated by some that
the Russian dynasty is of Assyrian origin. On
what grounds ? ABHBA.
Prideaux Family. — In Gorham's History of
St. Neofs, he states, p. clxiii., in the list of vicars
of St. Neot's, Robert de Preaux alias Prideaux,
presented by the prior and convent, 1270. In
Dr. Oliver's Historic Collections of Devon, p. 123.,
he gives Adam Prianho or De Pratellis, als Pry-
deaux, appointed Prior atModbury, 1423. Again,
in a topographical work on England, published, I
believe, in 1828 or 1830, vol. i., mention is made
of a Peter de Pratellis, or Preaux, of Normandy.
I wish to ascertain on what ground De Pratellis,
or Preus, or Preaux, are supposed to have been
the same family name as Prideaux of modern
times ; and any information as to the origin of the
name, the various ways of spelling the same, to-
gether with the time when, and for what reason,
they had a Saracen's head granted them for a
crest. AN OLD SUBSCRIBER.
Le Celebre Barrios. — In a rather curious
little book entitled Le Gout, Paris, 1747, among
examples of false metaphor " L'eau pour secher
les plaies," and " L'epee de sa fuite decoupe le fil
de ma vengeance," are ascribed to " le celebre Bar-
rios." Who was he? F.
Papers of Arabella Stuart. — D'Israeli says:
" It is on record that at Longleat, the seat of the
Marquis of Bath, certain papers of Arabella are
preserved." Is this the fact ?
EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
Conway Papers. — Where are these papers de-
posited, and over what period do they extend ?
EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
Davies of the Marsh, Co. Salop. — . What is the
tradition connected vuth the very peculiar arms
borne by Davies of the Marsh, co. Salop, viz. Sa.
on a mount, vert, a goat, argent, guttee de larmes,
attired, or, standing on a child, ppr. swaddled, gu.
and feeding on a tree. Dallaway says the goat is
guarding the child, and the motto of Davies of
Elmly Park (who bear the same arms), «' Deus
tuetur," seems to countenance his version.
FRANCIS ROBERT DAVIES.
Moyglas Mawr.
Sir Robert and Sir Philip Stapylton. — On the
16th of May, 1617, Robert and Philip Stapleton,
of Yorkshire, were admitted Fellow-Commoners
of Queen's College, Cambridge. We assume from
their being entered on the same day that they
were brothers, or at least kinsmen, and that the
former was Sir Robert Stapylton, the translator
of Juvenal, Musceus, and Strada, and author of
several dramatic pieces, who died July 11, 1669;
and the latter Sir Philip Stapylton, a leading
member of the Long Parliament, who died a*t
Calais in 1647. The surname of Sir Robert is
occasionally given as Stapleton, and that of Sir
Philip almost invariably as Stapylton. Sir Robert
is stated by Wood to have been the uncle of Sir
Miles Stapylton, and the third son of Richard
Stapylton of Carleton, in Moreland, Yorkshire.
We are unable to find any notice of the parentage
of Sir Philip. Perhaps some of your correspond-
ents can throw light on the matter.
C. H. & THOMPSON COOPER,
Cambridge.
Cromwell Portraits.— I. Is a full-length por-
trait of the Protector Oliver Cromwell, sitting in
a country ale-house, engaged in smoking, the
night before the great battle of Naseby was
fought, said to have been taken by General Lam-
bert, extant ?
2. Does any engraving of His Highness's effigy,
which is stated to have been exhibited in a win-
dow at Whitehall after the restoration of King
Charles II,, near the spot where King Charles I.
was beheaded, exist?
3. Where is the best executed bust of the Pro-
tector now to be met with ? T. P. L.
Manchester.
of
Minor CUturt'erf toftf)
Richard Cumberland. — Can any correspondent
" N. & Q." kindly inform me what are the dates
of the birth and death of Richard Cumberland,
' the Terence of England." At his funeral in
IVestminster Abbey, the then dean (Dr. Vincent,
[ think) pronounced a short oration over the
grave. It has been printed, but I cannot at this
moment recollect where. Perhaps some one could
2nd S. N° 50., DKC. 13. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
469
answer these queries : by so doing he would confer
a favour on OXONIENSIS.
[Richard Cumberland, the dramatist, was born at the
Master's Lodge of Trinity College, Cambridge, Feb. 19,
1732, and died in London, while on a visit to his friend
Mr. Henry Fry, of Bedford Place, Russell Square, May 7,
1811, aged eighty years. He was honourably interred on
May 14th, at the foot of Addison's monument, and oppo-
site to Handel's, in the Poets' Corner of Westminster
Abbey. Dr. Vincent, the Dean of Westminster, and the
early "friend of his youth, read the funeral service, and at
the close delivered the following oration : — " Good peo-
ple, the person you see now deposited is Richard Cumber-
land, an author of no small merit. His writings were
chiefly for the stage, but of strict moral tendency : they
were not without faults, but they were not gross, abound-
ing with oaths and libidinous expressions, as I am shocked
to observe is the case of many at the present day. He
wrote as much as any ; few wrote better ; and his works
will be held in the "highest estimation as long as the
English language will be understood. He considered the
theatre as a school for moral improvement; and his re-
mains are truly worthy of mingling with the illustrious
dead which surround us. Read his prose subjects on
divinity ! there you will find the true Christian spirit of
the man who trusted in our Lord and Saviour Jesus
Christ. May God forgive him his sins, and at the resur-
rection of the just receive him into everlasting glory."
This oration seems to have been unknown to all Cumber-
land's biographers; but has been fortunately preserved
in the European Mag., lix. 397. Query, was this the last
occasion in which a funeral oration was delivered at the
grave as a supplement to the Burial Service of the
Church?]
The People of Carleton Curlieu. — In Leland's
Itinerary, vol. ii., 1744, there is appended " An
Account of his intended journey through England
and Wales" by Dr. Plot. This Dr. Plot is, I sup-
pose, Robert Plot, a naturalist of some distinction,
who died (aged fifty-five) April 30, 1696, and of
whom there is a notice in Wood's Athence. In this
" Intended Journey," he says :
" Next I shall inquire of animals, and first of strange
people, such as the Gubbings in Devonshire, the people of
Charleton-Curley in Leycestershire."
Fuller, in his Worthies, art. "Devonshire,"
gives us a very curious account of the Gubbings,
which has been skilfully adapted by [Mr. Kingsley
in his Westward Ho! But I have not been
able to obtain any information relative to the
other " strange people " alluded to by Dr. Plot —
"the people of Charleton-Curley in Leycester-
shire."
Perhaps some of your readers may be able to
refer me to some work containing the informa-
tion I wish. I have glanced cursorily through
the County'History of Leicester, but have found no
reference to the subject. J. O. N.
Edinburgh.
[There is a tradition, which seems to have been credited
by Camden, Burton, Fuller, and others, that the natives
of Carleton Curlieu have a harsh and rattling kind of
speech, uttering their words with much difficulty, and
wharling in their throat, and cannot well pronounce the
letter R. Dr. Fuller seems so certain of the fact, that he
places it among « the wonders of the county ! " Both
Camden and Burton hesitate as to the cause, whether it
proceeds from the nature of the soil or the water ; but
Fuller resolves, "that it proceeds not in any natural im-
perfection in the parents, because the children born in,
other places are not troubled with that infirmity, but
from some occult quality in the elements of the place ; or,
as Mr. Camden speaks, some unknown cause or nature, as
lisping was to the tribe of Ephraim, Judges xii. 6, and
stammering to some families in France." Bishop Gibson,
however, assures us in his addition to Camden, " that as
the inhabitants of his time retained no remains of such »
guttural and wharling pronunciation, so the most ancient
men among them declared that they never knew any
thing of it in their memory." Cf. Camden's Britannia',
Fuller's Worthies, and Nichols's Leicestershire, ii. 544.]
Selden's Birth-place. — In the Appendix to The
Table Talk of John Selden, with Notes by David
Irving, LL.D., 1856, is a letter signed Wm.
Hamper, bearing date December 17, 1818, in
which it is stated that Salvington was Selden's
birth-place ; and that there
" the humble cottage of his father still remains unaltered.
The date of 1601 is upon it ; and on the lintel of the door,
withinside, is this inscription, rudely cut in capitals in-
termixed with small letters :
" ' Gratus, honeste, mihi, non claudar, inito, sedeque,
Fur, abeas : non sum facta soluta tibi.' "
Does this house remain still unaltered ? How
is it known to have been the house of Selden's
father ? Has it been engraved, drawn, or photo-
graphed? K. P. D. E.
[In the Gentleman's Magazine for Sept. 1834, is an en-
graving of Selden's house at Salvington, accompanied
with an interesting account, of it, and a fac-simile of the
verses. The Avriter says, " The house has the reputation
of having been that in which Selden was born : it must
be remarked, however, that the date, 1601, is carved on a
stone over the door ; and it may, therefore, have been re-
built at that time." Then follows a translation of this
smart epigram with the well-known initials J. G. N. : —
" Welcome, if honest ! Glad such men to greet,
I will not close ; walk in, and take thy seat.
Thief, get thee gone ! 'gainst thee a stout defence,
I open not, but boldly bid thee hence ! "]
Ecclesiastical Benefices in Ireland. — Where
may trustworthy information be found respecting
the value of ecclesiastical benefices in Ireland?
Mr. (now Bp.) Knox has given much information
in his Ecclesiastical Index ; but in many cases, as
I know, the particulars are wide of the mark,
even with the deduction he directs the reader to
make. ABHBA.
[Our correspondent will find the most perfect summary
of Irish ecclesiastical property given in the First (1833),
Second (1834), Third (1836), and Fourth (1837), "Re-
ports of His Majesty's Commissioners on Ecclesiastical
Revenue and Patronage in Ireland."]
470
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
[2nd g. NO 50., DEC. 13. '56.
THE ORDER OF ST. MICHAEL.
(2nd S. ii. 420.)
I am obliged to J. C. H. for the references he
gives : but what I require is not brief notices, but
a full history of this order, once pre-eminent in
France, though subsequently eclipsed by other
institutions. More particularly I wish to find a
list of the knights, or at least of those of its early
days. Before King Edward VI., his father had
been placed upon its roll. Upon the conclusion
of peace with France in 1528, the ambassadors
that came thence —
" had commission to establish the King in the order of
France, for whom they brought for that intent a collar of
fine gold with the Michaell hanging thereat, and robes to
the same order appertinent, the which was of blew velvet
richly embrodered. And the King, to gratifie the French
king with the semblable, sent a noble man of the order
here in England, with Garter the herault, into France to
establish the French King in the order of the Gartar, with
a semblable collar, with a gartar and robes according to
the same." — Stowe's Chronicle.
A book of the laws of the Order of Saint Mi-
chael, having a very fine illumination prefixed,
which represents the sovereign and knights in
chapter, was sent to Henry VIII. on this occasion,
and is still preserved in the Chapter-House at
Westminster. Again, in 1566, when Charles IX.
was elected of the Garter, he returned the com-
pliment, as the English sovereign was a female, by
bestowing his order upon two of her subjects,
nominated by herself. Stowe thus records this
occurrence :
" In January monsieur Rambuley, a knight of the
order in France, was sent over into England by the
French king Charles the ninth of that name, who at
Windsore was stalled in the behalfe of the said French
king, with the Knighthood of the most honourable order
of the Garter; and the 24. of January, in the chappell of
her Majesties pallace of Whitehall, the said monsieur
Rambuley invested Thomas (Howard) Duke of Norfolk,
and Robert (Dudley) Earl of Leicester, with the said
order of Saint Michaell."
The great seal of the Earl of Leicester, which is
engraved in Nichols's History of Leicestershire,
(vol. i. pi. xxxiii.) displays on the one side his
equestrian figure, surrounded by the collar of St.
Michael, and on the other his shield of arms sur-
rounded by the Garter (not the collar of the
Garter). These four, King Henry VIII., King
Edward VI., the Duke of Norfolk," and the Earl
of Leicester, are all the Englishmen that I am at
present aware of having been companions of the
Order of St. Michael. From the more intimate
connection which prevailed between France and
Scotland, it is not improbable that this order was
conferred upon a larger number of the natives of
that country. The Regent Arran was already a
knight of St. Michael before he was created Duke
of Chatelherault in 1548. (Douglas's Peerage of
Scotland, by Wood, i. 700.) Subsequently, when
Queen Mary was married into France, it would
probably be bestowed on several of her country-
men. A calendar of the knights would show how
far this was the fact. I find in April, 1556, the
Cardinal of Lorraine desiring his sister, the Queen
Dowager of Scotland, to return to France the
collar of St. Michael that had belonged to the
Earl of Angus. (Leltres de Marie Stuart, par
Labanoff, 1844, i. 36.) J. G. N.
JANE LEAD AND SWEDENBORG.
(2nd S. i. 93.)
We are occasionally met with the curious idea
that persons of eminence steal from others of
lesser mark ; and Mr. Clifton Barry has furnished
an additional instance in his article respecting
Mrs. Jane Lead, of whom he observes, that
" Nearly half a century after her death we find Trapp
accusing William Law of stealing his mysticism from her;
and I fear the ' unspiritualized ' critic would hardly absolve
Swedenborg from a similar charge"
Swedenborg, who was a most honourable man,
believed, and constantly asserted, that he wrote his
theological works from a spiritual illumination.
See this stated, in the strongest form, in his in-
troduction to his great work, entitled Arcana Cat-
lestia. As to the idea of his having been indebted
to the Mystics, it is fully met in a passage of a
letter from him to his friend Dr. Beyer, dated
Stockholm, Feb. 1767. (It is to be found in the
Biographies of Swedenborg.)
" By your friend, Sir, I have been asked several
questions, to which be pleased to receive the following as
an answer:
"I. My opinion concerning the writings of Behmen and
L ? — I have never read them, as I was prohibited
reading dogmatic and systematic Theology, before Heaven
was opened to me, by reason, that unfounded opinions
and inventions might thereby easily have insinuated
themselves, which with difficulty could afterwards have
been extirpated ; wherefore, when Heaven was opened to
me, it was necessary first to learn the Hebrew Language,
as well as the Correspondencies of which the Bible is com-
posed, which led me to read the Word of God over many
times ; and inasmuch as the Word of God is the source
whence all Theology must be derived, I was thereby
enabled to receive instructions from the Lord, who is the
Word."
It is not known who is designated by the L .
Mr. Barry intimates that his knowledge of Jane
Lead's works is confined to the books entitled
Laws of Paradise and Wonders of God's Creation,
&c. Both of these are in the British Museum*,
* They are, indeed, I believe, the only works of Mrs.
Lead's in the Museum Library, which is much to be re-
gretted, as, besides being extremely rare, they are very
interesting in their kind. I would mention her narrative
s. N« 50., DEC. is. '56.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
471
and thus the student of Swedenborg may have an
opportunity of judging for himself, from internal
evidence, respecting Mr. Barry's idea.
I may state, that in the Life of the excellent
Mr. Clowes, the Rector of St. John's, Manchester,
and the chief translator of Swedenborg's theolo-
gical works, we are told, that before meeting with
those works he had read various mystic authors,
and among them Mrs. Lead is particularised.
Mr. Clowes, nevertheless, fully received Sweden-
borg's own account of his writings. (See pre-
face to the translation of the Arcana Ccelestia,)
A. ROFFE.
SONGS ON TOBACCO.
(2nd S. i. passim ; ii. 95. 332.)
The hymns in praise of " the weed " having
pleasantly occupied so many of your columns,
perhaps the following from Helps' s Spanish Con-
quest in America (vol. iv. p. 119.) may not be un-
worthy of a niche there : —
" It is interesting to observe the way in which, at this
point of the narrative, a new product is introduced to the
notice of the Old World — a product that was hereafter to
become, not only an unfailing source of pleasure to a large
section of the male part of mankind, from the highest to the
lowest, but was also to distinguish itself as one of those
commodities for revenue, which are the delight of states-
men, the great financial resource of modern nations, and
which afford a means of indirect taxation that has per-
haps nourished many a war, and prevented many a revo-
lution. Two discoverers whom the admiral had sent out
from the Puerto de Mazes . . . found that the men of
the country they came to investigate indulged in a « fumi-
gation ' of a peculiar kind. The smoke in question was
absorbed into the mouth through a charred stick, and
was caused by burning certain herbs wrapped in a dry
leaf, which outer covering was called 'tabaco.' LAS
CASAS, who carefully describes this process of imbibing
smoke, mentions that the Indians, when questioned about
it, said that it took away fatigue, and that he has known
Spaniards in the island of Hispaniola, who adopted the
same habit, and who, being reproved for it as a vice, re-
plied that it was not in their power to leave it off. ' I do
not know,' he adds, ' what savour or profit they found in
them ' (tabacos). I cannot help thinking that there were
several periods in his own life when these strange fumi-
gations would have afforded him singular soothing and
comfort. However that may be, there can be no doubt
of the importance, financially and commercially speaking,
of this discovery of tobacco, as a discovery which in the
end proved more productive to the Spanish Crown than
that of the gold-mines of the Indies."
DELTA.
The clever Pipe of Tobacco in imitation of Six
several Authors, by Isaac Hawkins Browne, Esq.,
was first (?) published in the form of an 8vo.
pamphlet in 1736.
of an interview with the spirit of a deceased female friend,
and the accompanying reflections (Wonders of God's
Creation"), as really very beautiful.
A very complete and copious Nicotian biblio-
graphy (in which, however, Browne's brochure is
not^ included), extending to some 130 articles in
various languages, will be found appended to a
work entitled :
" On the History and Properties Chemical and Medical
of Tobacco, a Probationary Essay Presented to the Faculty
of Physicians and Surgeons, Glasgow, by Henry Wilson
Cleland, M.D., Lecturer on Medical Jurisprudence in the
School of Medicine, Portland Street (a candidate for ad-
mission into that body), &c. 4to. Glasgow. July,
1840," pp. 68.
I have been particular in giving the full title of
this work (penes me), partly on account of its
rarity (not having been printed for sale), partly
because, among an extensive collection of works
on tobacco (which would enable me greatly to
extend the list I have alluded to) it is the most
interesting and valuable dissertation which I pos-
sess, — or, indeed, have seen. WILLIAM BATES.
Birmingham.
An ancestor of mine, who lived in the seven-
teenth century, wrote a quaint poem on the use of
tobacco, the MS. of which I have, and also a
printed copy, bearing this undermentioned title :
" A Looking-Glass for Smoakers, or the Dangers of the
needless or intemperate Use of Tobacco ; collected from
the Author's nine years' experiences and thirty years'
observation after he came to Manhood. In which the
lawful use is approved, the abuse of it reproved ; directions
to them that have a mind to leave it, and cautions to
them that never took it. A Poem, by Lawrence Spooner.
London : printed for A. Baldwin, Warwick Lane, 1703."
The poem extends to more than a thousand
lines, to which are appended two songs on the
same theme. As a specimen I will extract the
following expostulation to females :
" And as this good advice I give to you,
So I would have you to be cleanly too ;
'Twill spoil the savour of your pleasant breath,
'Twill mar your beauty, make you look like death ;
'Twill rot your ivory teeth, or turn them brown,
And from your lovely heads 'twill take the crown."
The author suffered much persecution and loss
of property during the time of Charles II. for
holding conventicles in his house. He died and
was buried at Curborow, near Sheffield. E. B.
In reference to the old expression " Drink To-
bacco," as meaning " Smoke Tobacco," it is worthy
of remark that the Germans, at the present day,
not only inhale the smoke, but actually draw it
into the stomach, as they assert, and then discharge
it through the mouth and nostrils. I cannot say,
however, that I ever met with any one who pro-
fessed to be able to do this. To expel the smoke
through the nostrils merely is an easy matter
enough, HENRY T. RILE.T.
472
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2»a S. NO 50., DEC. 13. '56.
• TO CEY M;APSTICKS.
(2nd S, if. 269. 315.)
MR. E. S. TAYLOR is right in identifying map
and mop. Map is the ancient and proper form ;
mop is a later corruption. The origin of the word
is the Latin mappa, which signified a napkin used
at table ; it also denoted the linen cloth with
which the signal for the races in the circus was
given (Forcellini in v.). As linen clot'-i sometimes
performed the office of paper among the Romans
(as in the case of the libri lintei mentioned by
Livy), the word mappa was employed to signify
the surveys of land, or local maps, of the agri-
mensores. Afterwards it was extended to geo-
graphical delineations of the entire known world,
and hence the phrase mappa mundi. Mappa
was also used to express the linen canopy held
over the head of the priest, during his sacred
functions : the attendants who supported it were
called mappularii. A flag was also called mappale
(see Ducange, Gloss. Lat., in mappa, mappula,
mapparius, <^c.).
The word ^dinra was likewise received in bar-
barous Greek ; Herodianus de Sofacismo et Bar-
barismo explains it as xeiptfuucrpov. The words
mapparius and /lainrdpios were specially used to
denote the officer who gave the signal in the
public horse-races, for the reason above stated
(Ducange, Gloss. Grcec., in fidirira and painrdptos.)
Mappa retained in mediaeval Latin its original
sense of a napkin or handkerchief. Ducange ex-
plains mappula as "j«arvula mappa, qua nasum
tergimus, sudarium, Gallis mouchoir." He cites a
gloss in which it is interpreted to mean a towel ;
and a passage of Alcuin : " Mappula, qua pituitam
oculorum detergirnus." On the authority of the
Liber niger Scaccarii, he states that maparius was
" officium doinus regiae apud Anglos, cui scilicet
incumbebat mappas, canabum, manutergia et si-
mil i a providere." This officer was also styled
naparius, (see Fleta, lib. ii. c. 19.) Mappa was
likewise written napa: and hence the French
nappe and naperie, the sources of our words
napery and napkin. (Ducange, in napa, naparia,
naperii.}
A mop is explained by Johnson as " pieces of
cloth, or locks of wool, fixed to a long handle,
with which maids clean the floors;" and is cor-
rectly traced by him to the Latin mappa. Ri-
chardson entirely mistakes the origin of mop, in
connecting it with mob. A mop is a bundle of
linen or woollen rags, used for moistening a floor,
or for absorbing moisture : as when the deck of a
ship is mopped. The word sudarium, as a synonym
for mappa, points to the connexion of mop and
map ; as a person who is moist with heat is said
to mop his face with his handkerchief.
It may be assumed as certain, that in the pas-
sage of Swift's Polite Conversation, " crying map-
sticks" is equivalent to " crying mopsticks." The
meaning of the phrase is difficult to guess : MR.
TAYLOR'S explanation is not satisfactory. Per-
haps Neverout intends to say : "I cry mopsticks,
Madam ; I perform a mean office, I humiliate my-
self;" alluding to the low trade of a street crier.
L.
LIEUTENANT WILLIAM BLIGH.
(2nd S. ii. 411.)
In reply to your correspondent STIC, I have
translated for " N. & Q." the inscription on Ad-
miral Bligh's monument in Lambeth churchyard ;
whereon is also a record to the memory of Mrs.
Elizabeth Bligh, chiefly indicating that he was
married, and that they had children. To whom
he was married I cannot say, and the records of
Lambeth Church are not likely to give further
information. In the east part of the ground en-
closing the church, and abutting upon the Trades-
cant tomb, is an elegant monument of Grecian
form, surmounted with a blazing urn. On the
west side is the following inscription :
" Sacred to the Memory of William Bligh, Esq., F.R.S.,
Vice-Admiral of the Blue ; the celebrated Navigator who
first transplanted the Bread-fruit Tree from Otaheite to
the West ladies; bravely fought the Battles of his
Country ; and died beloved, respected, and lamented on
the 7th Day of December, 1817, aged 64."
On the south side is the following inscription,
above which are the arms of Bligh, viz. :
" Sacred to the Memory of Mrs. Elizabeth Bligh, the
Wife of Rear- Admiral Bligh, who died April 15th, 1812;
in the 60th year of her age."
On the east side :
" In this Vault are deposited also, the Remains of Wil-
liam Bligh and Henry Bligh, who died March 21st, 1791,
aged 1 day, the Sons of 'Mrs. Elizabeth and Rear- Ad-
miral Bligh : and also, Wm. Bligh Barker, their Grand-
child, who died Oct. 22, 1805, aged 3 years."
J. F. G.
P.S. As Lieut. Bligh, he had the command of
the "Bounty;" and to have a grand-child aged
three years in 1805, he must have married
some few years before he took command of the
" Bounty."
Lieutenant William Bligh, who commanded the
"Bounty" in 1789, was afterwards Governor of
New South Wales, and died December 7, 1817;
being then a Rear-Admiral and F.R.S. (See
Gentleman's Mag., vol. Ixxxvii. p. 630.) He was
married, but I do not know to whom ; and he left
six daughters and co-heiresses, viz. Harriet Maria,
wife of Henry Aston Barber, Esq. ; Elizabeth,
widow of Richard Bligh, Esq. (her cousin), of
Lincoln's Inn, Barrister-at-Law ; Mary, wife of
Major-General Sir Maurice Charles O'Connell;
2nd S. NO 50., DKC. 13. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
473
Frances, Jane, and Ann Campbell ; of whom Lady
O'Connell and Misses Frances and Jane Blish are
still living.
NAUTICUS.
THE SYBIL.
(2nd S. ii. 430.)
The lines are a translation from the Eddaic Vo-
luspa or Sybil. I believe the best edition is that
of Kask, Copenhagen, 1818. I quote from Nor-
ding's Dissertatio de Eddis Islandicis, Upsaliae,
1735. Of the Sybil he says :
" Voluspa hasc quaa et qualis sybilla, et num una ex
decem illis fuerit, quas in veteri Latio et Hellade famoso
Sybillarum nomine celebrantur, juxta cum ignarissimis
scio, remque explicatu non tarn difiicilem quam prorsus
desperatam esse arbitror."
The lines are :
" Sal sae hun standa, solu fiaarre,
NastrSndum a, Nordur horffa d}rre,
Fiellu eitur drbpar inn umm liora,
Sae er unden salur orma hriggium.
Sa hun thar vada, thunga strauma,
Men mein svarar och mordvargar,
Og than annars glepur eyra runum,
Thar sug NydhSggur naj fram geingna,
Sleit vargur vera : Vite their en eda hvad ? "
Stroph. 36.
The Latin version may assist those who, like
myself, know very little Icelandic :
'* Palatium ilia stare novit a sole remotum,
In NastrSndum : boream versus spectant fores,
Impluunt venenataa guttae per fenestras.
Haec est contexta curia spinis serpentinis.
Hie vadere ipsa vidit amnes rapidos,
Homines perjuros sicarios,
Nee non illos qui alterius vellicant aurem conjugis.
Ibi excarnificavit Nidhoggur corpora exstincta,
Laceravit viros fera truculenta, — Intelligitis adhuc
nonne?" -^
I think sug is not properly rendered by " ex-
carnificavit ; " it is sucked, and wolf is more de-
finite for vargur than " fera." The last couplet,
for the sake of which the quotation seems to have
been made, has no corresponding one in the
original of my copy ; but there are other editions.
Upon such matters one authority is as good as
another, —Mrs. Cowley as Voluspa. In The Belle's
Stratagem, Doricourt says :
"That's he: he that has sent my poor soul without
waistcoat or breeches to be tossed about upon ether like
a duck's feather."
Though "pane" is imported to rhyme to
" rain," somewhat anticipating the use of glass for
windows, the lines are so good that I hope to be
referred to further translations by the same
writer. H. B. C.
U.U.Club.
The Sybil is the Volu, and the passage inquired
for is in the 42nd and 43rd stanzas of her chaunt,
commonly called the "Volu Spa." It is given as
follows in Professor Munch1 s excellent edition of
the Orden Edda, p. 5. :
" Sal sa hon standa
solu fjarri
Nastrondu a,
norgr horfa dyrr :
fellu eitdropar
inn urn Ijdra,
sa er undinn salr
orma hryggjum.
So" hon •gar vafta
}>unga strauma
menn meinsvara
ok morgvarga,
ok }>ann annars glepr
eyraninu ;
J>an saug Nrguoggr
nai framgengna,
sleit vargn vera."
In the first volume of the Saxons in England, I
have given sufficient instances of the way in which
the old heathen notion of a hell of cold and gloom,
mingled with the oriental one of a ,hell of flames.
J. M. KEMBLE.
PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.
Dry Collodion Processes. — If you consider the following
modification of the dry collodion processes interesting
to your readers, •will you give it a nook in your next
Number ? It possesses advantages over both the gelatine
and glycerine, giving greater density and definition in
my hands, with fewer failures. I prepare the plate with
Ramsden's collodion in a slightly acid 30-grain nitrate
bath 5 and after well Avashing, a solution (made by dis-
solving 180 grains of pure gelatine in 20 oz. of water,
filtering while hot, and adding 3 oz. glycerine of a den-
sity 1-300 when nearly cold,) is poured upon the plate,
and allowed to remain for a few seconds, when it is
drained and dried, either spontaneously, or by means of
a gentle heat. Plates thus prepared have been kept for
twenty-eight days without loss of sensitiveness. The
plate is developed either with gallic acid and nitrate
of silver, or pyro- gallic acid; but before doing so, it is
desirable to place the plates in cold water for five or ten
minutes. E. BECKINGHAM (Operative Chemist).
100. Bath Row, Birmingham.
Photographic Society. — The President and Council
have issued cards for a soiree in King's College, Somerset
House, on Wednesday next ; and .have announced that
the fourth annual exhibition will open in the first week
of January, at the rooms of the Society of Painters in
Water Colours, Pall Mall East. Intending exhibitors,
who need not be members of the Society, may learn the
regulations upon application to the Rev. S. R. Major, the
Secretary of the Society.
ta Minat
Gamage Family (2nd S. ii. 336.) — The Gamages
of Rogiet have occupied so much space in " N. &
Q.," that it is possible that precise local informa-
tion may be acceptable,
474
NOTES AND QUERIES.
N« 50., DEC. 13. '56.
The locality is welt known in Monmouthshire,
seven miles S. W. from Chepstow, between the
Magor turnpike-road and the S.W.R., from both
of which Rogiet and Llanvihangel Rogiet ad-
jacent are conspicuous objects.
Powel's Historic of Cambria, 1584, p. 133., gives
his deduction of the Gamages of " Rogiade," and
the mode in which he considers an early alliance
with Turbervile to have brought to the Gamages
their later and best estate of Coity, after interme-
diate extinction of the male descendants of Berk-
ralles, Stackpole, and De La Bere.
A reference to the Inq. p. m. will explain the
Gamage property and tenure at Rogiet. As to
their early position, I find in a bond for twenty
'marks, dated 10th Jan. 26 Hen. VL, three bonds-
men, Morgan ap Jenkin of Langeston, William
Walche of Lanwaren, Esquires, and Gilbert Ga-
mage of Roggiet, Gentilman.
At Llanvihangel Rogiet a north chancel was
taken down about twenty years ago, and among
the ruins were found fine recumbent figures of a
knight in chain armour, and of a lady, on separate
slabs, both of which remain in the church. An
imperfect inscription, metrical, and in Longo-
bardic characters, runs round the border of the
latter, and is believed not to have been previously
deciphered, —
" ^ ANN IRTEL CI
DEV . DE . SA . ALME . EYT . MERCI .
(KI?) PATER . ET . AVE . P . LI . DIRRA .
DE . PARDON . XL . JVRS . AVERA. AMEN."
The (KI ?) necessary for the sense, seems to have
been blundered by the stonecutter. The limits of
" 1ST. & Q." forbid conjectural remarks.
GEO. ORMEROD.
Sedbury Park.
Authorised Versions of the Hebrew Scriptures
(2nd S. ii. 429.) — The unpointed synagogue copies
are the only authorities admitted by the Jews ;
nevertheless they circulate the Pentateuch and
extracts from other parts of the Old Testament
and prayers, in the pointed Hebrew, with the
Chaldee. version of Onkelos and the Talmudical
Hebrew Commentary of Rabbi Solomon ben Isaac
Jarchi, called by abbreviation Rashi. To these
are sometimes added a German version printed in
the Hebrew character ; one held in much esteem
is that of the Jewish Plato, Moses Mendelssohn
(five vols., Berol. 1783), including the various
readings (D'lDID }*pfi)> and an additional com-
mentary (Ti^p). A similar work was published
at Offenbach in 1803, in five volumes 8vo., com-
prising nearly 2000 pages of text, version, and
commentary ; the translation in German being by
several persons taking separate portions of the
text. The only Hebrew Bible bearing any re-
semblance to the New Testaments of Bloomfield
or Alford, is a selection from the various readings
of Kennicott and Bruns (1776-80), and De Rossi
(1784-8), by Doederlein and Meissner (1818).
But the system of recensions and criticism of the
Hebrew text commenced with the Jews after the
times of Ezra and Nehemiah, and prior to the
compilation of the Talmud ; the result of which is
comprised in the Masorah, and an account of it
may be seen in the Tiberias of Buxtorff (1620).
In the Introduction to the Old Testament by
Eichhorn (vol. i. § 115 — 127.), an admirable re-
sume of the Jewish critical labours is given, and
the necessary authorities are specified with exact-
ness. Italian and Spanish versions, I believe,
also circulate amongst the Jews, but of these I
cannot speak from personal examination.
T. J. BUCKTON.
Lichfield.
Liturgical Queries (2nd S. ii. 309.) — 1. The
omission of the verse "Dissolve litis vincula" is not
peculiar to the English uses. I do not recollect
having seen it in any early copy, but in this I may
be wrong. In six copies of it which I have just
looked out among my books it is wanting, viz.
(1.) In an English Hor® B. V. (use uncertain).
(2.) In York Hora.
(3.) In Breviar. Sec. Consuet. Curcce Romanes,
1494.
(4.) MS. Breviar. Fratrum minor., fifteenth
century.
(5.) Officium B. Virg. Plantin, circ. 1620.
(6.) Breviarium Ordinis Prcedicatorum, Paris.
1719.
I fancy that the omission is more common than
otherwise.
2. " Praise God from whom all blessings flow "
was printed as Bishop Ken's, in the Manual for
the WirtfJiester Scholars; my copy, however, is
only of 1740, and so not conclusive ; there is, how-
ever, this additional proof, it was first put only at
the end of Bishop Ken's " Morning Hymn " in our
Prayer Book, and not among the Doxologies, as it
is now, and it never occurred before this hymn
was inserted.
3. The " Morning Hymn " was inserted, I
imagine, first; for in a Prayer-book of 1801 and
1817, London, Nichols, King's Printer, there is
the Morning Hymn, but not the Evening. In
another of 1833, they both occur, and probably
before this date.
4. Several of the hymns at the end of the
metrical version have been added o^uite recently
(as well as alterations being made in other parts
of the Metrical Psalms, &c.).
In the edit., London, 1763, we have none of
the four hymns for Holy Communion, but one
beginning " The Lord be thanked for his gifts."
There are also two Lamentations.
In 1801, London, we have —
1. Sacramental Hymn — The Morning Hymn.
2°<i s. NO 50., DEC. 13. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
475
2. Lord's Prayer, but no Lamentation.
In Oxford, 1834, we have none for Holy Com-
munion ; no Lamentation ; both Morning and
Evening Hymns.
Cambridge, 1835, one for Sacrament; no La-
mentation ; both Morning and Evening Hymns.
In Oxford, 1837, we have three Hymns for
Holy Communion and two Lamentations.
In Oxford, 1843, we have four hymns for Holy
Communion ; three for Easter ; one Lamentation,
and Morning and Evening Hymns. J. C. J.
German Concordance (2nd S. ii. 432.) — There
is a German concordance under the following
title :
" Gottfr. Buchner's biblische Real- und Verbal-Hand-
Concordanz, oder exegetisch-homiletisches Lexicon. (8th
edition, edited by H. L. Huebner, 8vo., Halle, 1850.)
Price 12s."
W. AND P.
Nicknames of American States (2nd S. ii. 309.)—
New York is the Empire State.
Massachusetts, the Bay State, Steady Habits.
Rhode Island, Banners State, or Green Mountain
Boys ; called also Little Rhody. ro
Vermont, Plantation. f op «
New Hampshire, the Granite State.
Connecticut, Freestone State.
Maine, Lumber State.
Pennsylvania, the Keystone State.
New Jersey, the Jersey (pronounced Jarsey) Blues,
Maryland, Monumental.
Virginia, the Old Dominion.
North Carolina, Rip Van Winkle.
South Carolina, the Palmetto State.
Delaware, Little Delaware.
Georgia, Pine State.
Ohio, the Buckeyes.
Kentucky, the Corn Crackers.
Alabama, Alabama.
Tennessee, the Lion's Den or Red Horses.
Missouri, the Purkes or Pukes.
Illinois, the Suckers.
Indiana, the Hoosiers.
Michigan, the Wolverines.
Arkansas, the Toothpickers, and the Bear State.
Louisiana, the Creole State.
Mississippi, the Border Beagles, or Swellerheads.
Wisconsin, the Badgers.
ST. JOHN CBOOKES.
Sunderland.
Letter to Lord Monteagle (2nd S. ii. 248. 314.
415.) — Since my communication on this subject,
I have been informed, from the best authority,
that the incised slab on Lady Selby's monument,
at Ightham, is an exact copy of a contempora-
neous engraving in the British Museum. Query,
Was that engraving taken from a design of Lady
Selby's, and therefore recopied on her monument,
to commemorate her skill as a designer ? The
words, " whose art disclosed," in the inscription,
might readily be applied to this fact ; or did she
work in tapestry a copy of the engraving ? Per-
haps it is hardly worth a Query, but the very
questionable theory having been raised, that she
wrote the mysterious letter to Lord Monteagle, it
is as well to trace out the whole history of this
representation on the monument. L. B. L.
The Boomerang (2nd S. ii. 407.) —I was some-
what startled at the minor Note on this subject ;
but after some trouble found the passage in Pliny
referred to, which is in book xxiv. chap, xiii , and
not Ixxii., as stated in this minor Note. The
words " ipsum per sese cubitu proprius adlabi,"
can never be rendered " will fall back again to-
ward the thrower," of its own accord. Adlabi is
to glide forwards, or to the object aimed at ; and
this is clear from the word " etiamsi," although the
stick thrown fell short of its object from want of
strength of the thrower. Holland rightly trans-
lates the passage as follows :
" Also that a staff made thereof, if a man do fling it at
any beast whatsoever, although it chance to light short for
default of strength in his arms who flung it, will not-
withstanding etch forward, and roll from the place where
it fell upon the earth, and approach near to the beast
aforesaid : of so admirable a nature is this holly tree."
T. P.
Clifton.
Durham College (2nd S. ii. 412.) — The charter
for Cromwell's College at Durham is printed
(from Baker's MS., xiii. 259—268.) in Grey's
Examination of Neal"s Fourth Volume (Lond.
1739), Append. No. 67. pp. 111. seq. See also
Ibid. No. 66. p. 109. ; Peck's Historical Pieces,
p. 60.; Baker's MSS., xxv. 218., xxviii. 445.,
xxxviii. 432. ; Aubrey's Lives, p. 560. ; Calamy's
Account, Sfc. (2nd ed.), p. 754. Some of these
references, with others, are to be found in Mr.
Cooper's Annals of Cambridge, vol. iii. p. 473.
J. E. B: MAYOR.
St. John's College, Cambridge.
Mankind and their Destroyers (2nd S. ii. 280.
459.) — The fact on which the profound remarks
of " Professor Thomas Cooper, of Charles Town,"
wherever that may be, and of the author of Cha-
racteristics is based, is one that any man with a grain
of talent for observation must have had forced upon
him : so that to say Mr. A. B. or C. was the first
to remark it, only means that the annotator first
noticed it in the pages of such or such a writer.
Bishop Butler, in his Analogy, instances the fact
of the sun always rising in the east ; but I should
be afraid to say that this was an original observ-
ation of his. However, to carry back the research
a generation before " the author of the Character-
istics," and several before the days of " Professor
Thomas Cooper," we find Jeremy Taylor, in his
sermon for Sir George Dalstone, saying truly, but
without I imagine any great claim to originality :
" In this world men thrive by villany, and lying and
deceiving is accounted just; and to be rich is to be wise,
and tyranny is honorable ; and though little thefts and
476
NOTES AND QUERIES.
S. N° 50., DEC. 13. '56.
petty mischiefs are interrupted by the laws, yet if a mis-
chief becomes public and great, acted by princes and
effected by armies, and robberies be done by whole fleets,
it is virtue and it is glory ; it fills the mouths of fools
that wonder, and employs the pens of witty men that eat
the bread of flattery."— Taylor's Life, vol. viii. p. 647.
edit. Eden.
WM. DENTON.
Dialects (2nd S. ii. 431.) — Your 'correspondent
will find some interesting information upon the
history of the Scotch dialect (its identity with
the English, and its commencing discrepancies),
in Craik's Literature and Learning in England,
(vol. ii. p. 108.). Mr. Craik, speaking of The
Bruce of Barbour, shows that his language is, in
the main, identical with that of Chaucer, with
whom he was contemporary ; that he himself calls
it English, as do also his successors Dunbar, and
even Lyndsay ; and that the term Scotch was only
applied to the Gaelic of the Highlanders. And
again, at p. 247., when treating of The Complaynt
of Scotland, printed at St. Andrews in 1548, he
remarks, that though the Scotch dialect had al-
ready a distinct character, some of its most marked
peculiarities had not- yet appeared : such as the
elision of the final I after a vowel or a diphthong.
This change he says is probably very modern.
C. M.
Leicester.
A stale joke quoted (2nd S. i. 447.) — I have seen
the first line differently quoted :
" The sun, from his vertical height,
Illumin'd the depths of the sea."
The friend who added the expressive lines
about the fishes, is said to have been Lort Mansel,
afterwards Master of Trinity and Bishop of Bristol.
I think that the learned Swedes must have been
" ploughing with his heifer." HENRY T. RILEY.
" The World Unmasked; or, the Philosopher the
Greatest Cheat " (2nd S. ii. 390.) — This work may
have been attributed to Bernard Mandeville, by
persons unacquainted with the wide difference in its
character and tendency from the immoral and licen-
tious nature of Mandeville's productions. I find
it attributed, with much greater probability, in
p. 59. of a recent publication, a. Memoir of William
Cookworthy, a minister in the Society of Friends,
by his grandson, George Harrison, to Beat Louis
Muralt, a native of Berne, in Switzerland. In the
list of this author's works in La France Litte-
raire, par J. M. Querard, The World Unmasked is
not to be found, but a book is there enumerated
which appears to be the original of a treatise, a
translation of which is contained in the same vo-
lume with that of The World Unmasked, 1736.
The title is the following :
" Le systbme des anciens et des modernes concilic' par
1'exposition des sentiments differents de quelques the'olo-
giens sur 1'etat des ames separe'es du corps. Nouv. e'di-
tion, augm. d'une Suite, servant de reponse au livre in-
titule : ' Examen de 1'Origenisme.' Amst. 1733, in-12."
Dublin.
Doily (2nd S. ii. 387.) — The author of Wine
and Walnuts (vol. i. p. 149.) has the following pas-
sage concerning this old worthy : —
" Mr. Doyley, a very respectable warehouseman, whose
family, of the same name, had resided in the great old
house next to Hodsoll the banker's, from the time of
Queen Anne. This house, built by Inigo Jones, which
makes a prominent feature in the old engraved views of
the Strand, having a covered up and down entrance,
which projected to the carriage-way, was pulled down
about 1782. On the site of which was erected the house
now occupied in the same business. The dessert napkins,
termed Doyleys, are so called, having originated with this
ancient firm."
Peter Cunningham, in his charming Handbook
of London (edit. 1850, p. 476.), describing the ce-
lebrated houses in the Strand, says :
" No. 346. (east corner of Upper Wellington Street),
Doyley's warehouse for woollen articles. Dryden, in his
Limberham, speaks of ' Doily Petticoats ; ' and Steele, in
The Guardian (No. 102.), of his ' Doily suit ; ' while Gay,
in his Trivia, describes a Doyly as a poor defence against
the cold."
EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
East Window in Wells Cathedral (1st S. iv.
331.) — T. WT. writing of the serpent repre-
sented with a human head, refers to the east
window in the Ladye Chapel in Wells Cathedral,
and quotes the inscription on the scroll, about and
below that figure. I should esteem it a particular
favour if your correspondent would give me the
inscriptions on the other scrolls in the window, as
well as such other information as he may possess
with reference to other stained glass in the ca-
thedral. INA.
Wells.
Venire St. Gris (2nd S. ii. 382.) — Such, and
not ventre, was Henry IV .'s celebrated oath, and
the whole was, no doubt, a corruption into in-
offensive sounds of some words too sacred to be
distinctly uttered, of which there are so many ex-
amples in the vulgar tongue of both France and
England : — parbleu, morbleu, corbleu, palsambleu,
sandidis, in French ; in English, zounds, odds
boddikins, f odds -my -life, egad, ecod, and King
Charles's " odd's Jish" which may serve as a pen-
dant to King Henry's ventre Saint Gris.
I do not guess at the words thus travestied, but
T. P. may be right, and Saint Gris may represent
sang real. But I think it very unlikely ; and still
more improbable is its having any connexion with
sangaree. C.
Motto for an Index (2nd S. ii. 413. 481.) - I
would suggest " Ex uno disce omnes," or «* E
pluribus unum." HENRY T. RILEY.
2°d s. NO so., DEC. id. »56.3 NOTES AND QUERIES.
477
How do Oysters make their Shells? (2nd S. ii.
228.) — In answer to MR. A. H. WHITE I beg to
refer him to Animal Physiology, by Dr. W. B.
Carpenter, p. 137. par. 168., where he says, —
" The thickness of the shells of the aquatic mollusca
depends greatly upon the quantity of lime in the sur-
rounding water. Those which inhabit the sea find in its
waters as much as they require."
And in Beautiful Shells, by H. G. Adams, speak-
ing of -shells in the introduction, p. v., he writes:
" Truly these mollusks, some of them live in gorgeous
palaces, and the most curious part of the matter is, that
from the fluids or juices of their own bodies, and from the
chalky matter collected from the water, they are enabled
to secrete or deposit such wonderfully constructed habit-
ations, which after all are little more than chalk. Burn
a heap of oyster shells, or any other testaceous coverings,
and you get lime the same as that produced by burning
the white lumps from the chalk pit ; which lumps, by the
wa3r, are said to be composed wholly, or for the most
part, of marine shells."
See also Cuvier, Animal Kingdom, vol. xii.
p. 166. :
" The shells of oysters contain much less animal matter,
and this matter resembles more a gelatinous substance.
M. Vauquelin has found there, besides the organic matter,
some subcarbonate and phosphate of lime, subcarbonate
of magnesia, and oxide of iron."
Jos. LLOYD PHELPS.
48. Lee Crescent.
"CW"(2ndS. ii. 307.) —
" And also the mad coote."
" As mad as the coot."
This is the Fulica altra, the bald Coot or common
Coot, Cute, Queet, bald duck, &c.
There is something in the habits of the bird
rhich warrants the character above given of it.
This bird is extremely shy and vigilant, and uni-
formly takes flight when approached; and by this,
and its cries, it hinders the sportsman in his ap-
proaching other birds occupying the same pools
or marshes. The same habits which are natural
to the hare, particularly in the month of March,
has, I conclude, given rise to the proverbial say-
ing, " Mad as a March hare." VECTIS.
Milborne Port (2nd S. ii. 111.) — See Douglas's
Election Cases, I think vol. i., on the petition
against the return for Milborne Port ; it explains
the whole mystery of the wheel and seven spokes.
C.R.
Importance of Ballads (2nd S. ii. 211.) — These
sayings, with reference to a nation's ballads, not
improbably originated with the influence which
the songs of Tyrtacus were said to have had with
the Spartans, when animated by them in their
wars with their neighbours, the ill-used Messe-
nians. HENRY T. RILEY.
Regatta (2nd S. ii. 410.) — The Ital. regatta for
regdta (old form) is probably a contraction of
remigdta (act of rowing), from remigdre. Thus,
eperjuos, remus, remus-ago, remigo, remigdre, remi-
gdta, regdta, regatta. According to Virgil (^En.,
lib. v.), regattas would seem to be of somewhat
ancient origin. I am not aware that they have
any connexion with royalty, except so far as they
appear to have been patronised by Pius 2Eneas.
R. S. CHARNOCK.
Gray's Inn.
There seems to be little doubt that regattas were
first held^at Venice. Drummond says in his Travels
(p. 84.), in a passage quoted, under the word " re-
gatta," in Todd's Johnson's Dictionary :
"This diversion seems to have taken its rise from a
custom introduced by the Doge Pietro Landi in the year
1539."
And in the article " regatta " in the Encyclope-
dia Britannica, we are informed that a " regata "
or "regatta" is "a species of amusement peculiar
to the Republic of Venice."
As N". Gr. T. inquires what connection there is
between regattas and royalty, I may add (on the
authority of the Encyclopedia Britannica} that, —
" The grand regata is only exhibited on particular oc-
casions, as the visits of foreign princes and kings to
Venice."
VESPERTILIO.
Mayors Re-elected (2nd S. ii. 384.) — Y. J. asks
if there is any instance of mayors being elected
more than three times.
Simon de Bourton was six times Mayor of
Bristol, between 1291 and 1305.
William Canynges, Sen., was six times mayor of
the same city in the fourteenth century ; and his
grandson, William Canynges, Jun. (like his grand-
father a great helper in the erection of the church
of St. Mary Redcliffe), five times.
And lastly, Sir John Kerle Haberfield has filled
the civic chair six times between 1838 and 1851.
Barrett, in his History of Bristol, mentions one
Roger Turtle enjoying the dignity seven times.
But as a period of forty-six years elapses between
his first and his last election to the office, it seems
likely that at the later period it was filled by an-
other person of the same name, probably his son.
There have been several Lord-Provosts of Edin-
burgh elected more than three times to the office.
J. K. R. W.
Derivation of Pamphlet (2nd S. ii. 409.) — The
following curious notice concerning pamphlets is
from the Philobiblion, ascribed to Richard de
Bury, Bishop of Durham ; but written by Robert
Holkot, at his desire, as Fabricius says, about the
year 1344 (Fabr. Bibl Medii JEoi, vol. i.) ; it
occurs in the eighth chapter :
; Sed revera libros non libras maluimus ; codicesque
slus dileximus quam florenos: ac PAXFLETOS exiguos
shaleratis prsetulimus palescedis."
EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
478
NOTES AND QUERIES.
NO 60., DEC. 13. '56.
Leaning Towers (2nd S. ii. 456.) — Under this
heading, C. says, " I should like to know more of
the crooked spires of Yarmouth and Chesterfield,
whether they were actually, or only apparently
crooked?" As regards Chesterfield spire I re-
member reading, some years ago, in an early
number of The Penny or Saturday Magazine,
neither of which I can refer to at present, an ac-
count of which I will give the substance. The
church at Chesterfield was built by a native of
that place, whose name and the date I forget ; and
he is reported to have actually lost a considerable
sum of money in building it. When he had com-
pleted it, the authorities of Chesterfield found he
had not added a spire, but finished at the top of
the tower ; and as the builder and architect (both
one and the same person) refused to add a spire,
alleging his loss by the church, the corporation
took counsel of the Attorney-General ; who gave
his opinion that a spire was as much a part of a
church as the tower, and, consequently, the builder
must finish his contract by adding the spire.
Nothing daunted, the builder thus reasoned, " If
I must add a spire, there is nothing to say of what
material it is to be built, or on what plan." So
he erected the present remarkable spire, rising to
the altitude of 230 feet. This spire he constructed
of wood on geometrical principles, and produced
an optical illusion ; by which, from whatever point
it is viewed, it appears to be hanging over, ready
to fall on the observer's head. When the scaf-
folding was removed, and the spire first exposed
to view, the corporation were much alarmed, and
the people at first refused to go into the church.
In this dilemma, the authorities applied to the
builder to take it down, and they would pay him
handsomely ; but he replied, " that he had put it
up against his own wish, and by their compulsion ;
so, if they wanted it down again, they had better
set to work and pull it down themselves :" adding,
"that although they could not see its beauties,
the time would come when his ingenuity would be
appreciated." M. C.
Bishop Butts (2nd S. ii. 17.)—! think E. D. B.
claims too early a date for the Butts family at
Shouldham Thorpe. I have consulted numerous
deeds and covert rolls, but do not find the name
earlier than Henry VIII. William Butts held his
first court for West Derham Abbey Manor in
Watlington, 32 H. 8., as "Firmarius Dni Regis;"
his son William Butts held his first court for
Shouldham Thorpe M., llth Elizabeth, it being
before that in the Gawsels. I should be glad to
communicate with E. D. B. on the subject.
G. H. D.
Horse-talk (2nd S. i. 335. 395.) —In Northum-
berland, the hint given by a carter to his horse
that he must mend his pace is heck, heck.
HENRY H. RILEY.
Family of Noyes (2nd S. ii. 169.) — The manor
of Blackswells was in Chessenbury, Whiteparish,
&c. I have since discovered that Joan, the wife
of William Noyes (of Ramsbury House), was
daughter and heiress of Nicholas Bacon of White-
parish, &c., whose will was proved at Doctors'
Commons, Nov. 3, 1599, and the estates in ques-
tion were her inheritance. (The fine passed in
1614 appears to have been to settle the title on
the conclusion of a Chancery suit with John Bacon
and Wm. Rynge.)
William Noyes, I find, was brother of Peter
Noyes of Weyhill, and his son William was aetat.
40 in 1632. " MEMOB.
A Packman's Stone (2nd S. i. 15. &c.) —
"I'll tell you a tale of Jamie the packman,
Ye cou'd not but ken gleid * Jamie Cunningham,
As he was travelling within a mile of Tunningham,
He sat down at a faid-dyke for to ease his back,
'Twad bursten our mare to have carried his pack.
As he was rising to gang some miles farther,
He hitch'd his pack o'er his left shoulder ;
The swing of the pack brought him to the ground
And choak'd him dead : the laird of the ground
On the very spot where his servants found him
Put up a stane with this memorandum :
Whate'er come of the pack,
Spend ay the it her plack,
And let ne'er your gear o'er gang you,
Keep ay your back light,
And your pack tight,
And then it never will hang you."
(Dialogue between the Tinklarian Doctor and
his Grandam, in a Collection of Scots Poems on
several Occasions, by the late Mr. Alexander Pen-
necuik, Gent, and others. Edinburgh, 1756.)
G. N.
Epitaph at Alinger (2nd S. ii. 306. 397.) — I
have met with an older version than either of
these ; it occurs in the graveyard of Barnwell
Priory, near Cambridge, over the remains of John
Holmes, who died Dec. 6, 1796, aged seventy-two
years. It differs from those given principally in
the first line, which runs :
" My Sledge and Hammer lie reclin'd."
I also met with it, with some little variation, at
Carisbrook, in the Isle of Wight. J. EASTWOOD.
Husbands authorised to beat their Wives (2nd S. ii.
108. 219. 297. 359.) — The practice of husbands
correcting their wives seems to have been common
on the Continent as well as in England. In the
Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles, and other works of the
period and later, we find that naughty wives were
corrected with the birch after the approved scho-
lastic fashion. In England, even, daughters of
marriageable age were whipped by their mothers,
so late as the time of Dr. Johnson, who is said to
have approved of the practice. T.
* Squint-eyed.
s. NO 50., DEC. 13. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
479
Rue (2nd S. ii. 351.) —Miller (Gard. and Bot.
Diet., Lond. 1807, says, " This herb was anciently
named in English Herb Grace, or Herb of Grace"
Warburton says that it had the latter name from
its having been used in exorcisms. When Ophelia,
in Hamlet, says to the Queen, " There's rue for
you, and here's some for me ; we may call it Herb
of Grace o' Sundays : " — the fair moralist has no
reference to this plant being used in exorcisms
performed in churches on Sundays; but means
only that the queen may, with peculiar propriety,
on Sundays, when she solicits pardon for that
crime which she has so much occasion to rue and
repent of, call her rue herb of grace. It was, in-
deed, the common name for rue in Shakspeare's
time ; a'nd Greene, in his Quip for an Upstart
Courtier, has this passage :
" Some of them smiled and said, rue was called herbe
grace, which though the}' scorned in their youth, they
migKt wear in their age, and that it was never too late
to say miserere." (Malone and Henley in Stee.vens's Shak-
speare.)
See also the lines beginning, —
" Here did she drop a tear,"
in Eichard II., where the gardener is speaking of
the queen. Also Winters Tale, where Perdita
says :
" Reverend Sirs,
For you there's rosemary and rue ; these keep
- Seeming and favour all the winter long!
Grace and remembrance be to you both."
Perhaps the above may lead to the origin of its
use. Query, may it not be placed in the dock as
a preventive against fainting ? K. S. CHARNOCK.
Grajr's Inn.
Canonicals worn in Public (2nd S. i. 82. 521.) —
At Bideford, in North Devon, some thirty years
ago, the clergyman always appeared in canonicals,
when on the road to church on Sundays. It is
still the practice to do so in some parts of Nor-
thumberland at the present day.
HENRY T. RILEY.
Barony of Molingaria (2nd S. i. 149.)— May
not this possibly be Mullingar, in Ireland ?
HENRY T. RILEY.
NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.
As surely as the scarlet holly berries flashing in the
hedges portend in the country the approach of Christmas,
so surely do books, handsomely illustrated and gor-
geously bound, announce in " the Row " that the Season
of gift-making is at hand. One of these heralds of
Christmas is now before us, in an edition of Sir W.
Scott's Lord of the Isles, witli all the Introductions and the
Editor's Notes, and illustrated by numerous Engravings on
Wood, from Drawings by Birket Foster and John Gilbert.
It is indeed altogether a very beautiful volume. Scott's
poetry is the very poetry for artists to illustrate ; and
with a subject so congenial to their pencils, Birket Foster
and John Gilbert may well be depended upon for a series
of clever and artistic pictures. They have done their
work well; and set off as it is by the united efforts of
printer and binder, the Lord of the Isles is a book worth v
of the Season.
He who has the gift of investing the realities of History
with the charms of its Romance will find his reward in
many readers. This gift is obviously in the hands of
Mr. T. Adolphus Trollope, and consequently The Girlhood
of Catherine de Medici will be perused with delight by
many who would have turned away, with indifference at
least, from the same facts if presented to them by a mere
Dryasdust. The subject is indeed an interesting one, and,
if we agree with Mr. Trollope, that «« Catherine— excep-
tional portent as she has been considered — was in truth
but the normal and natural product of her time," let us
hope that he is right in his second conclusion, and be
thankful for it, " that a moral deformity so monstrous
could not be generated by the social life of our own day."
We have before us just IIOAV two works, both calculated
to minister to the growing taste for natural history, and
consequently in some measure alike ; but in their treat-
ment essentially different. The first, by Mr. Noel Hum-
phreys, is entitled Ocean Gardens : the History of the
Marine Aquarium, and the best Methods now adopted for
its Establishment and Preservation. The work is illus-
trated with twelve plates printed in colours, and is a
handsome and instructive volume for beginners. The
other will delight the more advanced students. It is the
Second Part of Mr. Gosse's Manual of Marine Zoology
for the British Isles. It completes this profound natu-
ralist's history of our Marine Fauna ; is illustrated, like its
predecessor, with no less than three hundred and thirty-
nine figures, is distinguished by the same minuteness and
accuracy of description, and forms a volume which no
one who possesses a Marine Aquarium should be without.
BOOKS AN~D ODD VOLUMES
WANTED TO PURCHASE.
Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct to
the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and ad-
dresses are given for that purpose :
POPE'S LETTERS. 2 Vols. Small 8vo. Cooper. 1737.
POPE'S LETTEKS TO CROMWELL. Curll. 1727.
CURLICISM DISPLAYED. London. 12mo. 1718.
THE CURLIAD. 12mo. London, 1729.
KEY TO THE DUNCIAD. 12mo. London, 1729.
DITTO DITTO Second Edition. 1729.
DITTO DITTO Third Edition. 1729.
COURT POEMS. Dublin, 1716,
Wanted by William J. Thorns, Esq., 25. Holywell Street, Millbnnk,
Westminster.
THE SIEGE OF KAERLAVBROCK. Edited by Sir H. Nicolas.
Wanted by G. Prideaux, Esq., Mill Lane, Plymouth.
ta
Owing to the number of REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES waiting for inser-
tion, we. have, been obliged to postpone many interesting papers, among
others, Queries respecting Theosophists and Mystics ; MR. MARSHALL'S
raper on Stock Frosts: MR. SIDNKY GIBSON on Traditions throucrh few
Links ; and a very curious Description of an Early Alchymical MS., by
CUTBBERT BED*.
THE STRAY NOTES on CURLL having been interrupted by the necessity
of further researches on one or two points will be resumed in our new
O. B. will find the information of which he is in want respecting the
Bar of Michael Angelo in our 1st S. ii. 166.
J. V. /* our Correspondent sure tlmt the article was not inserted? He
Jias not mentioned the subject, so tec cannot at present state whether it ap-
peared or not.
480
NOTES AND QUEEIES.
[2nd g. NO 50., DEC. 13. '56.
E. W. (Hereford) will find the proverbial saying "A Roland for an
Oliver" treated of in our 1st S. i. 234. ; ii. 132. ; ix. 457.
IGNORAMUS. Tennyion's dilution is to Margaret Roper, daughter of
Sir Thomas More.
J. E. 8. The Works of Nicola Machiavelli were translated into Eng-
lish in 1675, folio; also by Ellis Farneworth, in 2vols. 4<o., 1762, and
4 vols. Svo., 1775. The London second-hand booksellers would probably
furnish a copy.
E. H. A. The word " Adamson " is clearly a misprint. The reference
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ERRATUM. — 2nd 8. ii. 386. col. 1. 1. 27. after Alexandere dele the full
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NOTES AND QUERIES.
481
LONDON, SATURDAY, DECEMBER 20, 1856.
DESCRIPTION OF A CURIOUS ILLUMINATED MANU-
SCRIPT RELATING TO THE PHILOSOPHER'S STONE.
On rising ground to the right hand of the road
leading from Powiok to Pixham Ferry (Worces-
tershire), there is a fine old gabled house, — semi-
farm and semi-mansion, — which, till within these
seventy years, was called the Moat-House, but is
now known by the name of the White House. It
is still kept up in its old-fashioned style, and con-
tains a fine staircase, tapestried room, and many
objects of interest. A few years ago the widow of
the last proprietor was turning out the contents
of an old bookcase, when, concealed behind some
black-letter folios, she discovered a roll of parch-
ment. Of its history she can give no account.
Setting high store by it, she has preserved it with
the greatest care. Many of those whom she has
favoured with a sight of it have wished to pur-
chase it, and, failing that, to make a copy of it.
This has always been refused. I, however, am
more fortunate ; and she has, most kindly and
politely, placed her treasure in my hands, in
order that I may make a copy of it.
It is mounted upon wooden rollers, and is of
unusual dimensions, being ten feet ten inches in
length, and fifteen and a half inches in width.
The roll consists of seven pieces of parchment
stitched together, and is in as good preservation
as though executed but yesterday. The curious
designs are painted very artistically, and with
most elaborate care ; the colours are bright and
varied, and adorned with gold and silver, laid on
in the way peculiar to all illuminated works, the
secret of which appears now to be lost. A friend,
well versed in ancient manuscripts, conjectures
the date of this production to be a few years prior
to the Reformation.
To give a lucid description of this curiosity is
DO easy matter ; but, in the absence of the pencil's
aid, I will endeavour to give an idea of it by my
pen.
At the top of the scroll, in a waving riband, is
printed EST : LAPIS : OCCVLTVS : SECRETO : FONTE :
SEPVLTVS : FERMENTVM : VAKIAT : LAPIDEM : QVI :
CVNCTA : COLORAT. Then comes the upper por-
tion of the figure of a man, with a white cap,
brown hair and beard, and robe of a grey colour
edged with pink, bound at the waist by a pink
sash. This figure is the largest on the roll, mea-
suring twenty-three inches from the top of the
cap to the ends of the fingers. He carries a large
double-handled vessel, eighteen and a half inches
high, partially filled with a wavy light fluid. From
the stopper proceeds spots, as of blood, which per-
vade the vessel, and are labelled in three places,
; ANIMA, In the ne$k of the yessel a
toad is spouting forth a red fluid, five feathers
being ranged around. On the handles of the
vessel is written, YE : MVST : MAKE : WATER : OF :
T" : EARTH : & : EARTH : OF : YB : AYRE : & : AYRE :
OF : YB : TIER : & : FYER : OF Y» : EARTH. The
body of the vessel is filled with eight circular
pictures, ranged in a ring. They are chained to
each other, and are also attached by chains to a
book, which forms the centre of a central circular
picture, in which two robed figures, apparently
ecclesiastics, are passing their hands over the
chains, and clasping the book. Round this is
written SPERITVS : ANIMA : CORPVS : SPERITVS :
ANIMA : CORPVS : SPERITVS : Aqua : of : Aqua :
Anima.
The eight surrounding circles are thus filled :
No. 1. Two nude figures, apparently Adam and
Eve, standing on a greensward, with the tree of
life behind them. In the sky are the sun and
moon, from whence flow red streams down to the
breasts of the man and woman. A bird is flying
from the tree. By the man stands a figure in a
short blue dress, holding a red line from the man's
head. At the man's feet is a winged dragon ; at
the feet of the woman, a red and green lion. By
the woman is a figure in red and yellow drapery,
with something like wings : she holds an upraised
hammer, as though about to strike the woman.
This picture is bound to the central picture, not
by a chain, as are the other seven, but by a band,
on which is written, " Prima-Materia." Around
the picture is the inscription, " Speritus . Anima .
Corpvs . Leo . Rubens . Viridis."
No. 2. Four friars are holding an alembic, over
a circular erection having three openings in the
front, which is repeated in the other six, and
which I will call a furnace : on it is written " So-
lutio." Within the alembic are the figures of the
man and the woman, floating in a light substance,
and fused together, as it were, at the legs. Above
them is a bird, and drops of red — which drops
are repeated in the alembics in the other pictures.
Around is the inscription, " The . Soule . forsooth .
is . his . Sulpher . Not . Breninge."
No. 3. The figures are in the alembic, as be-
fore, though in a red fluid ; but on it is a retort,
from which proceeds a human figure standing in
a vesica piscis of gold, with the bird flying towards
three smaller alembics, placed upon a stand near
to the furnace, on which is written " blacke," and
from whose door proceeds fire. Three friars stand
to the left, with upraised hands as though in asto-
nishment. Around is the legend, " Acalido . & .
Humido . Primo . Ex . illis . Pasce . Quoniam .
Debilis . Sum."
No. 4. Three friars have hold of the alembic,
in which are the figures of the man and woman, as
before, in a light fluid, and with a bird flying over
each. On the furnace is inscribed " blacker," and
on the stand by its side are two small alembics.
482
NOTES AND QUERIES.
S. NO 51., DEC. 20. '56.
on which are perched a bird and a human figure.
Around is the inscription " Leniter . Degestus .
Animatus . Sum . Exalta . Me . Grassioribus."
No. 5. One friar holds the alembic, and bears
in his other hand a smaller alembic. Three other
friars kneel, as though in adoration. Within the
large alembic are the figures of the man and
woman ; though here, his legs are twined around
hers, and she stands up between them with clasped
hands. Two birds fly above them. On the fur-
nace is written, " & : blacker : ". Around is the
"legend "Exalto . Sepera . Subtilia . Me . Vt .
Posim . Reducere . Ad . Simplex."
No. 6. The figure of the woman, standing up
in a light fluid, is the only figure on the alembic.
About it are five friars. On the furnace is
" white : " ; around is the legend " Sitio . Deficio .
Pota . Me . Me . Albifica."
No. 7. In the alembic, the figure of the woman,
nude, with floating hair, and hands crossed over
her breast. Six friars stand around, three of
whom hold smaller alembics. On the furnace is
"white ;" around is the legend " Vidui . Sumus .
& . A . Dono . jfopria . FLosatFNos . Ad . Spu .
Reduct . Vt . Corpus . Nos . Amplectatur . & .
Nobis . Fiat . Amicabille."
No. 8. The woman in the Alembic, as in the
last. Seven friars stand around, three of whom
hold small alembics. On the furnace is " & .
white." Around is the legend " Leniter . Cum .
Igne . Amicabili . Fac . Vt . Aliqua . Viatentia .
Nos . Separare . Non . Possit."
At the base of the vessel containing these pic-
tures is a black ellipse, bordered with white, on
either side of which is written, "ye blacke Seary6
blacke luna:" — "ye blacke sea : ye blacke Soil :".
At the foot of this, in red letters, is HERE : is : Y* :
LAST : OF : YE : WHIT : STONE : & : YB : BEGINING :
OF : YB : RED : STONE.
Then follow these lines :
" Of the Sunne take the light
The red Gum that is so bright
And of the Moone doe alsoe
The white gum there keepe to
The Philosophers sulphurs wife
This Ycald withouten strife
Kibert and a Kivert I celd allso
And other names many mo
Of him draw a white tincture
And make them a Mariage pure.
Between yc husband and ye wife
Yspowsed with the water'of life
But of this water you must beware
Or else thy worke will be full bare
He must be made of his owne kinde
Marke you well now in thy minde
Acetuni of the philosophers men call this
And water abiding so it is
The Maids Milk of the dew
That all our worke alone renew.
" Terra Stat Vnda Lauat Fir.
" The Spirit of life called allso
And other names many moe
The which causeth our generation
Betwixt the Man and the Woman
Soe lookt that there be noe division
Be there in the Coniuntion
Of the Moone and of the Sonne
After the Marriage is begun
And all the while they be a wedding
Give him to her drinking
Acetum that is good and fine
Better to him than any wine
Now when this Marriage is done
Philosophers call this a stone
The which hath great Nature
To bring a Stone y{ is pure
Soe he have kindly nourishing
Perfect heate and decoction'
But in the Matrix where the bee put
Looke never the vessell be unshut
Till they have ingendred a Stone
In all the woorld is not such a one.
« Purgat Spiritus Intrat."
Between these verses is represented the black
opening of a furnace mouth, from the upper part
of which is issuing golden flame. Below this are
ten substances with ramifications (like diagrams
of the brain) labelled alternately " Spf " and
" AiuS." From this descends a long-haired human
figure with the legs of a toad (who is labelled
Spr), who is falling down upon the figure of &
very red man, standing (in the attitude of a horn-
pipe dancer) in a golden aureola. In the left
hand corner is the golden head of the sun, with
two feathers (labelled Spr, Ana) issuing from its
mouth. In the right hand corner is the silver
crescent moon, with three feathers crossed and
labelled Spf, Ana. On either side of the red man
is a figure of a Friar, with an inverted Alembic,
standing in a turret, labelled " 2 Bibinge." " 3,
Bibinge." /TJhere are five other similar turrets,
similarly labelled, divided from each other by
battlemented walls, which enclose a heptagonai
space filled with water, labelled Spr, Ana. In the
centre of this grows a trunk of a tree (labelled
Spr), around which are twined two vine tendrils
covered with bunches of grapes ; this trunk is
surmounted by the red man aforesaid. Standing
nearly up to their knees in the water, and holding
on to the vine branches, are nude figures of a man
(also very red) and a woman, both labelled " Cor-
pus." They have both placed their mouths to
bunches of grapes ; by the man's head is the figure
of the sun ; by the woman's, the moon. Of the
five remaining turrets, three are filled by Friars,
holding up alembics ; the fourth contains a robed
figure of a bearded man wearing a peaked cap
like to those of Henry VI.'s time, and holding up
an alembic ; while the fifth contains the figure
of a woman, holding an inverted alembic, and
wearing a turbaned head-dress (in shape not un-
like the dome of St. Paul's), from the top of which
falls long drapery, passing round the body, and
over the left arm — like the lawn falls to the
head-dresses of ladies in Edward IV.'s reign. All
ud S. NO 51., DEC. 20. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
483
round about the turreted heptagon are feathers,
labelled Spf Aila. At its base is written — «' The
White See : The White Luna : The White Soil."
Its base rests on an ornamented shaft, on which is
written " Terra fier Stat ; " and then " fyer — terra
Terra." This shaft is embraced by a bearded
nude figure, labelled " Terra." On his right is
the nude figure of a winged man ; on his left the
nude figure of a man (labelled Ana — oyle,) stand-
ing in a golden-rayed aureola. The two last
figures are of smaller dimensions than the central
one ; all three stand nearly up to their knees in a
reddish fluid, marked Spr Ana ; which is enclosed
by battle mented walls, ranged in the form of a
square. Towers are at the four corners ; the
first labelled "Terra Stat;" the second "Vnda
Lauat ; " the third " Pir Purgat ; " and the fourth
" Spf Intrat." All support alembics, respectively
labelled " Dry " (with a dark fluid) : " Cold,"
(with a light fluid) : " Hot " (with flames) : and
"Moyst" (with grey fluid, and a bird); and re-
spectively surmounted by labels, on which is
printed " EARTH — WATER — FYER — AYER." In
front of the lowest range of battlements is written
" The Red See : The Red Luna : The Red Soil."
Below this is a large green dragon vomiting a
toad. Beneath, "Here is the fume Called The
Mouth of The Collkicke ; " and on the toad's side,
" The tininge Venume." On a scroll beneath is
written : —
« On the ground there is a hill
Allso a Serpent in a well
His Tayle is longe with wings wide
All ready to flye by euery syde :
Repayre the well fast about
That the Serpent gett not out
For if that he bee there agone
Thou losest the Vertue of the Stone
What is the Stone thou must know here
And allsoe the well that is soe cleare
And what is the Dragon with his tayle
Or else thy worke shall little avayle
The well must bren in water cleare
Take good heede for this thy fyer
The fyre with water Brente shalbe
And water with fire wash shall hee
Thine earth on fire shal be pitt
And water with the eyre shalbe knitt.
" Thus you shall goe to putrifaction
And bringe the Serpent to redemptio
First he shalbe black as crow
And Downe in his Dene shall lye full low
Swolne as a toade y* lyeth on the ground
Blast with bladers sitting soe round
And slialbe Burst and ly full playne
And thus with craft the Serpents slayne
He shall change collers many a one,
And turne as whit as whall by bone
With the water hee was in
Wash him cleane from his sinn
And lett him drinke alite and lite
And that shall make him fayre and whit
The which whitnes is euer abydinge
Loe here is the very full finishing
Of the white Stone and tlie red
Here truly is the very deede. "
Beneath the scroll bearing these lines is the
mouth of a furnace, from whence issue flames ; in
"rent of it, a label inscribed " Ye Mouth of Col-
ick: Beware"; and, on either side, a red and
green dragon rampant (" The Red Lyone — The
Grene Lyone.") Beneath, is the inscription :
HERE IS YE LAST OF YE RED AND YE BEGINING TO
PVT AWAYE YE DEAD YE ELEXIR VITA."
CUTHBERT BEDE, B.A.
(To be concluded in our next.}
LONGEVITY ; AND TRADITIONS THROUGH FEW
LINKS.
A person living in 1847, then aged about sixty-
one, and who may be living still, was frequently
assured by his father that, in 1786, he repeatedly
saw a person named Peter Garden, who died in
that year at the age of 127 years ; and who, when
a boy, heard Thomas Jenkins give evidence in a
court of justice at York, to the effect that, when
a boy, he was employed in carrying arrows up the
hill before the battle of Flodden Field.
The battle was fought in -
Thomas Jenkins (who is mentioned in
Markham's History of England) died a
few years after the Great Fire of London,
at the age of 169
Deduct for his age at the time of the battle
of Flodden Field
1513
12
157
116
70
Peter Garden, the man who heard Thomas
Jenkins give his evidence, died at - 127
Deduct for his age when he saw Jenkins - 11
The person whose father knew Peter Gar-
den was born shortly before 1786, or 70
years since ------
A.D. 1856
So that a person living in 1786 conversed with
a man who knew a man that fought at Flodden
Field.
I do not see that any 'makers of Notes on re-
markable instances of longevity have communi-
cated to the columns of "N. & Q." examples from
the Scrope and Grosvenor Roll (edited by Sir
Harris Nicolas), — the record of that celebrated
cause in the reign of Richard II., between Richard
Lord Scrope of Bolton and Sir Robert Grosvenor,
ancestor of the present Marquis of Westminster,
for the right to bear the shield "azure, a bend
or;" in which suit, the parties interested first
appeared at Newcastle-upon-Tyne before Com-
missioners of the Court of Chivalry, on Aug. 20,
1385, when Richard II. was in the north on his
campaign against Scotland. Amongst the depo-
nents on either side were most of the heroes and
statesmen of the age ; and amongst the noble and
484
NOTES AND QUERIES.
O* s. N° 61., DEC. 20. '56.
knightly deponents who gave evidence in the fol-
lowing year (1386) were the following centena-
rians : viz. —
Sir John Sully, Knight of the Garter, and a
distinguished soldier of the Cross, a venerable
hero, who was then, by his own account,* 105
years of age, and had served for eighty years, and
been in all the principal battles, down to the cam-
paign of Aquitaine. He is supposed to have died
in his 108th year.
Sir John Chydioke, ancestor of the noble fami-
lies of Arundel of Wardour and Stourton of
Stourton.
And (most remarkable of all), John Thirlwall,
an esquire of an ancient Northumbrian house,
deposes to what he heard from his father, who
died forty-four years before, at the age of 145.
Another example of longevity is derived from
a parish not far distant from Thirlwall Castle, and
belonging to days less remote. When recently at
Irthington (a village on the Cambrian river Ir-
thing, near the line of the Roman wall), I saw the
register of the burial of Robert Bowman, one of
the most remarkable of the long-lived yeomen of
that parish, who died in the year 1823 at the age
of 118.
I conclude with a Query : it relates to a remote
but memorable personage of English history,
Edgar Atheling. William of Malmesbury (Oesta
Reg. Angl., lib. ii. s. 228.) speaks of him as living,
after his many reverses of fortune, retired in the
country, in old age, at the time the good monk
was writing his history ; which he is supposed to
have done between the years 1114 and 1124. His
words are :
" Edgaro, qui post occisionem Haroldi a quibusdara in
regem electus, et vario lusu fortune rotatus, pene decrepi-
tum diem ignobilis ruri agit."
It was in 1068, that the illustrious fugitive, who
had been elected king by the Witan at London
on Harold's death, was received by King Malcolm
in Scotland, where he seems to have remained
until 1075, when he embarked on his ill- fated
voyage to England, and was conducted to Wil-
liam in Normandy, by whom he was generously
treated. Eleven years afterwards he obtained
permission to go to the Holy Land ; but, in 1091,
he paid the penalty of his attachment to Robert
Duke of Normandy, and, being deprived of his
estates in Normandy by William Rufus, was again
driven to take asylum in Scotland. Now it has
been said that he is identical with the Edgar
Atheling who occurs on the Great Roll of the
Pipe for the year 1158 (4 Hen. II.), as rendering
account in Northumberland for twenty marks of
silver; and on the same Roll for 1167 (13 Hen. II.),
as rendering account for two marks ; and, if so, his
age at that time cannot be taken at less than 120
years. This is assuming that he was only eight
years of age when, in 1057, he was brought as a
child to the court of Harold. Have any of your
readers Notes elucidatory of this point ?
WM. SIDNEY GIBSON.
Tynemouth, Nov. 1856.
POPULAR DELUSION.
" II n'est pas mauvais qu'il y ait une erreur commune
qui fixe 1'esprit des hommes ; par exemple de la Lune, a
qui on attribue changemens des temps, le progres des
maladies, &c. Car quoi qu'il soit faux que la lune fasse
rien a tout cela, cela ne laisse p'as de guerir 1'homme de
la curiosit^ inquiete des choses qu'il ne peut savoir qui
est une des maladies de 1'esprit humain." — Pascal,
quoted in Menagiana, Amsterdam, edit. 1683, p. 303.
It is singular that the moon's influence both in
respect to changes in the weather and in diseases
should have continued so long prevalent in society,
even granting it had been only since Pascal's time
that the fallacy of the doctrine was understood.
How many sensible people at the present day
watch the moon's change, mark her new appear-
ance, and from her different phases in the course
of the month indicate to themselves the regu-
lation of their in-door proceedings and out- door
operations. Notwithstanding the discoveries of
modern science and the light of a rational philoso-
phy, such persons will still be found clinging to
their old notions, and pursuing the same course,
reminding us of "Richard Saunders" at the auc-
tion. " However, I resolved to be the better for
the echo of it, and though I had at first determined
to buy stuff for a new coat, I went away resolved
to wear my old one a little longer." To speculate
on the various reasons which have been assigned
for this state of things would be an endless task.
The lessons of the ancient astrology that once
ruled mankind so extensively, though not now
formally appealed to, have no doubt bequeathed
to us liberally of their impressions, and a century
or two may yet elapse before these become entirely
effaced. Could we all, like the ingenious Pascal,
possess the power of converting a superstition into
a virtue, we might remain easy in our ignorance,
but we may consider it more safe to trust to such
a letter as the following which lately passed
through the newspapers between a gentleman in
Edinburgh and the astronomical professor in the
University of Glasgow, as our guide : —
" Observatory, July 5, 1856. Dear Sir, I am in receipt
of your letter regarding the supposed influence of the
moon on the weather. You are altogether correct. No
relation exists between those two classes of phenomena.
The question has been tested and decided over and over
again by the discussion of long and reliable meteorologi-
cal tables, nor do I know any other positive way of testing
any such point. I confess I cannot account for the origin
of the prevalent belief. You are welcome^to make any
use you please of this note. Yours very faithfully, J. P.
NICIIOL."
With regard to the moon's influence in diseases,
2nd g. N" 51., DEC. 20. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
485
corporeal and mental, the teachings of astrology
are certainly of a most extraordinary kind. To
mention but a small portion of the " ills flesh are
heir to," of which Luna gets the blame, as enume-
rated in Livre T? Arcandam par Avger Ferrier,
Medecin, Lyon, 1625, would of itself be sufficient
for us to pray that she might be obliterated from
the face of heaven :
"Apostumes de matieres humides, fistules, imbecilite
d'estomach et de reins, folie provenante de trop aimer, mal
de Naples avec ses supposts, et de venins — sur 1'eau, sur
le phlegme, sur ses sueurs, et semblables superfluitez,
vertigo ou tournement de tete, legerete' de cerveau sem-
blable a folie, folles imaginations, empeschemens de
langue, phthisis, excoriations des jauibes, pieds et mains,
et autres qui ont causes latentes, et reviennent par cer-
tain temps," &c.
It is no doubt from the remnants of such a
wretched philosophy that many yet will not ad-
minister medicines to themselves, nor let blood
except under a particular state of the moon. I
believe no intelligent physician would now hesitate
to prescribe to his patient till he had consulted
the age and aspect of the planet, and as in bodily
diseases, so may it be similarly predicated in re-
ference to those of the mind. A gentleman of
the highest information who had long the super-
intendence of a large asylum for thejnsane, stated
to me that he could never discern any difference
in the condition of those afflicted with this malady
when the moon was at the full more than at any
other of her periods, and that he had no faith in
the common dogmas entertained. This being the
case, may not such phrases as "lunatics" and
"moon- struck" with propriety be discarded from
our language, in their usual acceptations ? G. N.
JESSE ALTAR IN ST. CCTHBERT's CHtlRCU, WELLS.
The church of St. Cuthbert in Wells is a large
building chiefly of the Third Pointed Period, and
consists of a nave, aisles, chancel, and north and
south transepts. The western tower is known as
one of the finest examples of tower architecture
in Somersetshire. On each side of the chancel,
and in each transept, are chantry chapels with
separate dedications. In the year 1848, Mr. H.
Powell, the then churchwarden, commenced some
extensive restorations, and in the course of his
labours made some most interesting discoveries.
Against the eastern wall of each of the transeptal
chapels were found reredos, brought to light on
removing the plaster from [the walls. Each re-
redos consisted of tiers of niches with "tanopies,
&c., the sculptured ornaments of which were of
the richest and most elegant designs. That in the
south transept was apparently of a later date than
the other, and not so elaborate in its details. It
was intended to illustrate the genealogy of our
Lord. At the base was the recumbent figure of
Jesse, from whose body the stem could be traced,
and no doubt ran through the whole series of
statues which formerly stood in the niches above.
The figure of Jesse was boldly and beautifully
carved ; but portions of this, as well as the orna-
mental canopies, &c., where they projected from
the wall, had been 'chopped off, the figures broken
into fragments, thrown into the niches, and then
plastered over, so as to present an even surface, —
an example of the mischiefs effected by the icono-
clastic Vandals of the Reformation. Nothing was
known of the history of these beautiful remains
until a short time since, when the following cu-
rious document was found among the city re-
cords : —
" The Model of ye Blessed Virgin's Alter Piece.
" An Indenture made betwixfr Mr William Vowell, Master
of ye Towne of Wells, Willyam Stekylpath and Thomas
Coorset of the one parte (Chosen Wardens for Our
Ladye's Alter) and John Stowell ffreemason of the othor
parte ; For the makinge of the frounte of the Jesse at
our Ladyes Alter at St. Cuthbert's Church in Welles
aforesaide,
" This Indenture made at Welles in the Shire of Somer-
set ye 25th daye of Feby in ye yeare of our Lord 1470 and
ye yeare of Kinge Henrye ye VI from ye beginninge 49
betweene Mr William Vowell Master of ye City of Welles,
William Stekylpath and Thomas Coorset, Wardens of our
Ladye's Alter in the Church of St. Cuthbert in Welles
foresaid on that one parte, and John Stowell of Welles
foresaid ffreemason on that other parte. Witnesseth that
the said John Stowell hath take to make and shall make
or do to be made well sufficientlye and workemanly and
pleymorly performe and within 16 Moneths next suing
the date of this Indenture. All the Workmanshipp and
Masonry Crafte of a Frounte Innynge to y* Alter of our
Ladye within y« Churche of St. Cuthbert in Welles fore-
said in ye South He of the same; The which Frounte
shall extend in breadth fro the Koyne of the Arch beinge
the North parte of the said Alter unto the Augill beinge
in y« south side of the Alter foresaide. Alsoe ye said
Frounte shall arise in heighte from the groundinge of ye
saide Alter unto the Wall plate of y° yle foresaid or else
littlelake so as it may moste convenyentlye be propor-
tioned and moste stablish'd. In which Frounte shal
stand three stagis of Imagery accordinge to ye geneology
of our Ladye wyth theire basyngs, hovelis and tabernaclis,
well and workmanlye made and wroughte. There shal
alsoe arise from the basyngs of ye said Frounte by-
twene Image and Image, Coorses well and workemanlye
wroughte trayles runninge in the said Coorses accordinge
to the workes foresaid with two wyngis comyinge _ out
from the said frounte after the bredth of the Alter, freight
with Imagery such as can be thought by the Master and
his brothers moste accordinge to the story of ye saide
frounte. In ye lowest p'te of ye whiche stagis shall be a
Jesse ; the which Jesse shall linially runne from Image
to Image through all the foresaid frounte and coorses as
workmanly as it can be wroughte. To all the whiche
workes and businesse the foresaid John Stowell shall
finde or do finde all maner of Stuffe, as well freeston fair
and profitable as rough stone, lyme, sand, yron, lead and
scafold Tymber and all other stuffe necessary to the said
worlds to be had. For the which workmanship and
stuffe as it is above writ the foresaid John Stowell shall
have and receyve of the said Maister or Wardens 01
theire deputies Forty pouudes in good and lawful money
486
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[ 2«d S. N» 51., DEC. 20. '56.
of England, in suchewise and at suche tymes as it sayth
hereafter : First at the sealinge of this Indenture, forty
shillinges and after that weekly as it may be understood
that the worke goeth forth. All the residue to be paid at
the end of the foresaid weeks, save alwayes before that
the said Maister and Wardens have remayninge in their
hands till the foresaid workis bee perfectlye ended* five
pounds. For all the whiche Covenants well and trulye to
be performed the said John Stowell bindeth himselfe his
eyres and his executors by obligation in Twenty pounds
to be payd to ye said Mr. William Vowell or to his
assignees so that the sayd John breake any of the Cove-
nants foresaid. In witnesse whereof the said partys fore-
said have putt theire seales &c."
INA.
THE TWELVE SIXES OF MAN S LIFE.
I copy the following quaint and curious verses
from a Salisbury Primer, with this title :
" This prymer of Salysbuiy vse is set out a long with-
outony serchyng, with many prayers, and goodly pyc-
tures in the kalender, in the'matyns of our lady, in the
houres of the crosse, in the vii psalmes, and in the dyrge.
And be newly enpryted at Parys. M,D,xxxiij."
It is, of course, black letter. Each month in the
calendar at the beginning has a verse on a separate
page, embellished with an appropriate woodcut.
" Janvarivs.
The fyrst vi. yeres of manes byrth and aege.
May well be compared to Janyuere.
For in this month is no stregth no courage.
More than in a chylde of the aege of vi. yere.
" Febrvarivs.
The other vi yeres is lyke Febrvary.
In the ende ther of beg}rnneth thesprynge.
That tyme chyldren is moost apt and redy.
To receyue chastysement, nurture, and lernynge.
" Martivs.
Marche betokeneth te vi yeres folowynge.
Arayeng the erthe wt pleasaunt verdure.
That season youth careth for nothynge.
And without thought dooth his sporte and pleasure.
" Aprilis.
The next vi vere maketh foure and twenty.
And f}rgured is to ioly Apryll.
That tyme of pleasures man hath moost plenty.
Fresshe and louyng his lustes to fulfyll.
" Mayvs.
As in the month of Maye all thyngis in myght.
So at xxx yeres man is in chyef lykyng.
Pleasaunt and lusty to euery mannes syght.
In beaute and strength to women pleasyng.
" Jvnivs.
In June all thyng falleth to rypenesse.
And so dooth man at xxxvi vere olde.
And studveth for to acquvere rychesse.
And taketh a wyfe to kepe his householde.
" Jvlivs.
At xl yere of aege or elles neuer.
Is ony man ende wed with wysdome.
For than sorthon his myght fayleth euer.
As in July dooth euery 'blossome.
" Avgvstvs.
The goodes of the erthe is gadred euermore.
In August so at xlviij yere.
Man ought to gather some goodes in store.
To susteyne aege that than draweth nere.
" September.
Lete no ma thynke for to gather piety.
Yf at liiij he haue none.
Nomore than yf his barne were empty.
In Septembre whan all the corne is gone.
" October.
By Octobre betokeneth Ix yere.
That aege hastely dooth man assayle.
Yf he haue ought than it dooth appere.
To lyue quyetly after his trauayle.
" November.
Whan man is at Ixvi yere olde.
Whiche lykened is to bareyne Nouebre.
He wereth onweldy, sekely, and colde.
Than his soule helth is tyme to remebre.
" December.
The yere by Decebre taketh his ende.
And so dooth man at thre score and twelue.
Nature with aege wyll hym on message sende,
The tyme is come that he must go hym selue."
HENRY KENSINGTON.
Proverbs as illustrating National Character. —
As commentary upon Bacon's remark, " The
genius, wit, and spirit of a nation are discovered
by their proverbs," may I propose a collection of
proverbs illustrative of national and local charac-
teristics ? I collect the following (e. g.~) from the
pages of D'Israeli :
Roman (applied to their last stake at play). " Hem ad
triarios venisse." (Military.)
Hebrew. " When the tale of bricks is doubled, Moses
comes." (Historical.)
Arab. " Vinegar given is better than honey bought."
(Showing poverty.)
Briton (early). " The cleanly Briton is seen in the hedge."
(Agricultural.)
Chinese. "A grave and majestic outside is the palace of
the soul." (Civilised.)
Bengalese. "He who gives blows is a master, he who
gives none is a dog." (Slavish.)
Spanish. " Con el rey y la inquisicion, chiton ! " With
the king and the inquisition, hush ! (Oppressed.)
Venetian. " Pria Veneziani, poi Christiane." First Ve-
netian, and then Christian. (Mistaken patriotism?)
Italian. " II viso sciolto, ed i pensieri stretti." An open
countenance but close thoughts. (Cunning.)
French. " Tel coup de langue est pire qu'un coup de
lance." The tongue strikes more than the lance.
Scotch. " Fools make feasts, and wise men eat them."
(Selfish closeness.)
Japanese. "A fog cannot be dispelled with a fan."
(Drawn from frequent objects.)
To take examples from England :
Isle of Man. " As equally as the herring-bone lies be-
tween the two sides."
2nd S. N° 51., DEC. 20. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
487
Cheshire. " Better wed over the mixon than over the
moor."
Cornwall. " Those who will not be ruled by the rudder
must be ruled by the rock."
THRELKELD.
Letter Writers. — Artists Lave gratified us with
their representations of the Italian letter-writer,
the Spanish, the oriental, and others. Why should
the profession be unknown in this country ? In
a market town or large village, if a worthy in-
dividual, backed by influential friends, would
boldly display the inscription, "Letters written
here, charge one penny" a sufficient remuneration
would probably be soon obtained. C. T.
" Bell Bastard" a term of reproach. — The
illegitimate child of a woman who is herself illegi-
timate, is styled by the vulgar in this town and
neighbourhood, a " bell bastard." Can this term
of reproach have the same etymological significa-
tion as the phrase " to bear away the bell," in re-
spect of its chief and crowning ignominy ?
JOHN PAVJN PHILLIPS.
Haverfordwest.
A Lesson for Laureates. — In [Waller & Sons
Autograph Catalogue, among a number of interest-
ing articles appears the following :
"401. Wordsworth (William), the Poet. Autograph
distich, with attestation by himself:
' The God of Love, ah benedicit^,
How naughty and how great a Lord is he ! '
< This is my favourite autograph for ladies,' signed Wil-
liam Wordsworth, Rvdal Mount, April 26, 1826."
T.W.
Ancient Cheshire Games (circ. 1630.) —
« Auntient customs in games used ly boys and girles merily
sett out in verse.
" Any they dare chalenge for to throw the sleudge,
To "Jumpe or leape over dich or hedge,
To wrastle, play at stool eball, or to Runne,
To pich the barre, or to shoote off a Gonne,
To play at Loggets, nine holes, or ten pinnes,
To trye it out at footeball, by the shinnes,
At Tick tacke, Irish, noddy, maw and Ruffe,
At hott cockley, leape frogge, or blindmans buffe,
To drinke the halph potts or deale at the whole can,
To play at chesse or pen and ink horn John,
To daunce the morris, play at barley breake,
At all exployts a man can think or speake,
At shove groate, or venterpoynte or crosse and pile,
At beshrow him that's last at any style,
At leapinge ore a Christmase eve bonefier
Or at the drawinge danne out of the myer,
At Shoote Cocke, gregory, stoole ball and what not,
Pickepoynt topp and scourge to make him hott."
Randle Holmes's MSS. Brit. Mus.
Z. z
"Knowledge is Power" — I send you a happy
epigram, struck off many years ago by no less a
person, I believe, than the present Archbishop o:"
Dublin, when a resident at Oriel College, Oxford
A student having been somewhat officiously in-
;erfered with by a Proctor of the College of All
Souls, and, as it seemed, unjustly fined for the
offence of frequenting taverns, when it seemed
hat he had been there only in search of a parcel
vhich was to come by the coach, was waited upon
}y the friends of the supposed delinquent and
expostulated with, but to no purpose. The only
answer received was : " I have the power to fine
lira, and I shall do so." This being mentioned to
the Archbishop produced the following lines :
" ' Knowledge is Power,' so saith the learned Bacon,
And sure in that, the Sage was not mistaken ;
But happy would it be for All Souls' College,
If, on the contrary, Power gave Knowledge."
The sting of the epigram, which was sufficiently
sharp forty years ago, has long since lost its point.
B. W. B.
glutrtaf.
QUERIES RESPECTING CERTAIN THEOSOPHISTS AND
MYSTICS.
1. C^LIUS RHODIGINUS. — The Lectionum An-
tiquarum Libri Triginta has long been a favourite
with me as a vast repertory of profound and va-
luable learning ; and I would fain know some-
thing about the compiler or compilers ; for it
appears that Vindex Ceselius originally compiled
these " Commentaries," and that Caelius of Rhodes
re-arranged, enlarged, and re-edited them.
The title of the Aldine edition (Venetiis, MDXVI.),
which in that of Geneva (1620) is given in its
proper place as the advertisement Ad Lectorem, is
worth quoting :
" Sicuti Antiquarum Lectionum Commentarios concin-
narat olim Vindex Ceselius ; Itanuric eosdem per incuriam
interceptos reparavit Lodovicus Calms Rhodiginus, in
corporis unam velut molem aggestis primum lingua
utriusque floribus ; mox advocate ad partes Platone item
ac Platonicis omnibus, necnon Aristotele ac Hsereseos
ejusdem viris aliis, sed et Theologorum plerisque, acJure-
consultorum, ut Medicos taceam, et Mathesin professes.
Ex qua velut Lectionis farragine explicantur linguae
Latinse loca, quingentis haud pauciora fere, vel aliis in-
tacta, vel pensiculate parum excussa. Opto^valeas, qui
leges, Hvore posito, aCrrj yap ai/TureAapywo-ts IKO.VI)."
The last and best edition of this noble work *
with which I am acquainted, is that of Geneva,
1620, a stout folio of 1720 numbered columns, or
860 closely printed pages. It is thus entitled :
" Ludovici Ca3lii Rhodigini Lectionum Antiquarum
Libri Triginta, Recogniti ab auctore, atque ita locnpletati,
ut tertia plus parte auctiores sint redditi : Ob omnifariam
Abstrusarum et Reconditiorum tarn rerum quam vocum
explicationem (quas vix unius hominis aetas, libris per'
petuo insudans, observaret) merito Cornucopias seu The-
saurus utriusque linguae appellandi."
* There is another edition which I have not met with,
viz. Francof. 1666, folio.
488
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
[2n<* S. N° 51., DEC. 20. '56..
2. THOMAS WILLIS, M.D. — Samuel Pordage
translated "all the Medical Works of that Re-
nowned Physician," anfl published them under the
title, Practice of Physic, Lond. 1681, folio.
Pordage also translated his De Anima Brutorum,
Oxon. 1672, 4to., — Two Discourses concerning
the Soul of Brutes, which is that of the Vital and
Sensitive of Man, frc., 1683, folio.*
I shall be glad to get any particulars respecting
Dr. Willis, and the title of any other philosophical
or miscellaneous work by him. I see that Dr.
Greenhill, the editor of that excellent series of
Medical Ethics and Biography issued from Ox-
ford, contemplates a life of Willis, and is desirous
of information on the subject.
3. THOMAS TRYON, M.D. — Tryon, like Cheyne,
was distinguished by his love of dietetics and
mystical writers ; like Cheyne, too, he was very
fond of appearing original, and disliked quoting
or referring to the source of his eccentric flights.
Both writers were well read in Bohme and Poiret,
and neither acknowledge their obligations ; both
were more or less Pythagoreans in doctrine.
Tryon affected an uncouth and cumbrous phraseo-
logy, and was tinctured with that chemical theology
which disfigured Bohme. In his chief work
(Knowledge of a Mans Self} the three ideas he is
always harping on are, 1. The Seven Fountain
Spirits (which he stole from Bohme, as Cheyne
did the Doctrine of the Three Principles) ; 2. An
insane notion that the gist of philosophy and self-
culture lies in diet, or what we eat and drink ;
3. The power, blessedness, and glory of silence,
which he enlarges on in a way that would delight
(or, perhaps, has often delighted) the heart of Mr.
Carlyle.
Tryon was a voluminous writer, and it is not
worth while giving a list of his writings, of which
I have a tolerably complete collection.
I shall feel much obliged to any one who will
sell or lend me Memoirs of Thomas Tryon, Lond.
1705, 18mo., or give me a sketch of his life ; es-
pecially as Tryon is not included in Dr. Green-
hill's list of proposed biographies.
4. THOMAS BROMLEY, a member of Pordage's
Philadelphia!! Society, was born at Upton-upon-
Severn in Worcestershire, and —
"became a member of All-Souls College in Oxford,
when God was pleased to reveal His Son in him, and
to make great and glorious discoveries of Himself unto
him, such as it may be, should they be here related, some
would scarce be able to understand or bear. And from
that time ... he became a true minister of the Gospel,
not of the letter but of the Spirit."
He died in 1691. This scanty notice is gleaned
in part from the publisher's preface to —
* I have seen the Theophisical Alchemy, Lond. 1616,
8vo., of a namesake, attributed to Dr. Willis ; but erro-
neously, as he was not born until 1622. What is known
of the other Thomas Willis?
" The Way to the Sabbath of Rest : or the Soul's Pro-
gress in the Work of the New Birth. To which are now-
added, Two Discourses of the Author never before printed,
viz. The Journeys of the Children of Israel, as in their
Names and Historical Passages they comprise the great
and gradual Work of Regeneration. And A Treatise of
Extraordinary Divine Dispensations, under the Jewish
and Gospel Administrations ; with the Various Ways of
God's manifesting Himself to Man. By Mr. Thomas
Bromley. London : 1761, pp. 252., sm. 8vo."
The Sabbath of Rest had been printed before,
Lond. 1710, 8vo., and Lond. 1730, 12mo.
The publisher of the three treatises which ap-
peared in 1761 informs the reader —
" that the Author has left several other excellent Spiritual
Discourses behind him, which, if this be well received, are
intended to be made public for the use of the Church in
her present wilderness condition."
Have any of them been published ? *
5. AUTHOR OF "MEMOIRS OF A DEIST," &c.
— Who wrote the remarkable work thus enti-
tled?—
" Memoirs of a Deist, written first A.D. 1793-4 ; being
a Narrative of the Life and Opinions of the" Writer, until
the period of his Conversion to the Faith of Jesus Christ,
which took place in the course of the Developments of an
Essay written by the Deist, to prove that pure Deism was
the only true Religion. (Luke, viii. 16.; Ps. Ixvi.)
London. Hatchards, 1824, pp. 227, 8vo."
The preface contains a letter from the well-known
John Newton to the author, dated Nov. 1796 ; and
it appears that by his advice the Memoir was cut
down to half the original size. The writer was
born in the year 1756 or 1757, and went out to
India as a cadet in the Company's service in 1776.
The Memoirs evince a strong predilection for
mathematical science, united with an extraor-
dinary aptitude for idealism and analogy.
In 1826 or 1827 our anonymous author pub-
lished the first of a series of Essays on Universal
Analogy between the Natural and the Spiritual
Worlds, — "Essay I. Sect. 1., Parallel between
the Soul and Body of Man." I have advertised
for this work, but have not yet succeeded in
getting a copy of it, which I am very anxious for.
The second section of Essay I. was published in
1828, with this title:
"Essays on the Universal Analogy between the Na-
tural and the Spiritual Worlds, as applicable to the Pa-
rallels of the following Subjects :
Essay I. Sect. 1. — Parallel between the Soul and Body
of Man. — Sect. 2. Parallel between the Terraqueous
Globe, including its Atmosphere, and the Soul and
Body of Man.
Essay II. — Parallel between America North and South,
Natural and Spiritual.
Essay III. — Parallel between Mexico and Peru, Natural
and Spiritual.
* I am not within reach at present of any bibliogra-
phical works or books of reference. In Mr. Barry's forth-
coming work on The English Mystics, I trust Thomas
Bromley may find due consideration. Cf. " N. & Q.," 2n<*
S. i. 93.
2- S. NO 51., DEC. 20. '56.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
Esaay IV. — Parallel between Magnetism and Electricity,
Natural and Spiritual.
Essay V. — Parallel between Geometry and Plane Trigo-
nometry, Natural and Spiritual.
Essay VI. — Parallel between Chemistry Natural and
Spiritual.
Essay VII. — An Analogic Commentary on the Pro-
phecies of the 1260 Years, as contained iu the Disserta-
tions of the Rev. G. S. Faber.
Essay I. Section 2.
By the Author of Memoirs of a Deist.
London. Hatchards, 1828," pp. 357, 8vo.
In this essay the author, assisted, as it appears,
solely by the analogical bias of his own mind, the
Bible, and some scientific works, arrives at much
the same conclusions with the Mystics, especially
Bohme and Swedenborg, without impugning the
orthodox faith ; and many parts of it remind one
of Dr. Cheyne's, Philosophical Principles of Re-
ligion, Natural and Revealed.
The six remaining essays, or most of them,
were written and prepared for the press, as they
are frequently quoted and referred to, but they
were never published. I should be very glad to
know if the MSS. be still in existence, and I much
regret their not having been published, especially
Essays IV. V. and VI.
6. THOMAS TAYLOR. Few people know more
of "Taylor the Platonist," or "Taylor the
Pagan," as he is sometimes called, than that he
was a self-taught man, who devoted himself for
forty years or more, with incessant application, to
the study of the Platonists, and especially the
Later or Alexandrian Platonists ; and that he
threw himself with such spirit and enthusiasm
into his studies, and gave up his mind so entirely
in this one-sided pursuit, that at length he em-
braced this refined and philosophical Paganism as
his religion ; for Taylor, as for Goethe, Hegel,
and others*, the fascinating mythology of ancient
* " There are four things," says Goethe, " that I detest
equally, — tobacco and bells, bugs and Christianity." This
sentiment, according to La Liberte de Penser, "is the
most natural expression of the invincible repugnance that
the Otympic Jupiter of modern times felt towards the
aesthetic Christian. It is by instinct Goethe hates the
moral revolution which has substituted the pale and
sickly Virgin for the antique Venus ; and for the ideal
perfection of the Human Body, represented by the Gods
of Greece, the meagre image of a Crucified Man whose
limbs are distorted by four nails. After this it is not
surprising that we find" the colossal head of Jupiter placed
before his bed and turned towards the rising sun, in order
that he may address his morning prayers to him on
waking. Inaccessible alike to tears and fear, Jupiter was
truly the God of this great man. Hegel pronounced with
equal decision in favour of the religious ideal of the Hel-
lenists, and against the intrusion of the Syrians or Gali-
laeans. The legend of Christ appeared to him conceived
in the same system as the Alexandrian biography of Py-
thagoras. . . . It is the same theme that has so often
excited the mirth and humour of Henry Heine. But
M. Louis Feurbach, chief of the young German school, is
perhaps the most complete expression of this antipathy
Greece was still a living reality, and Schiller's
lament, —
" Die alten Fabelwesen sind nicht mehr,
Das reizende Geschlecht ist ausgewandert,"
did not extend to him.
Emerson, in recording a conversation he had
with Wordsworth in March, 1848, continues:
" We talked of English national character. I told him,
it was not creditable that no one in all the country knew
anything of Thomas Taylor, the Platonist, whilst iu
every American library his translations are found." —
English Traits, p. 166.
There is, I believe, a sketch of Taylor's life in
Knight's Penny Cyclopcedia ; however, I have never
seen it, and I would feel much obliged for any
particulars respecting this remarkable man, es-
pecially as I have a number of his translations,
&c., and am under many obligations to him. A
reprint in a compact form of his scattered pieces,
contributions to the ClassicalJournal, Old Monthly
Magazine, The Pamphleteer *, &c., would be very
acceptable to Taylor's readers at both sides of the
Atlantic.
7. LETTERS OF BROTHER LAURENCE. — I re-
member somewhere meeting a strong eulogium on
this work, characterising it as mystical and deeply
spiritual. I have never since met with this book,
or gained any intelligence respecting it ; some of
your readers, perhaps, may supply the deficiency.
In concluding these Notes and Queries, allow me
to remind your correspondent ANON, that he has
not completed, as he promised he would, his valu-
able and interesting Note on Bohme^ "N. & Q.,"
2nd S. i. 513. EIRIONNACH.
Gtttrfetf.
Collins's Ode : " How sleep the brave," fyc. — ~
How is it that this ode, which is usually ascribed
to Collins, and is always, I believe, inserted among
his poems, is also found in the Oratorio of " Alfred
the Great," to which the following "advertise-
ment" is prefixed ?
" This Oratorio is altered from ' Alfred,' a Masque, re-
presented before their Royal Highnesses the Prince and
Princess of Wales, at Cliefden, August 1, 1740 ; being the
birth-day of the Princess Augusta. Written by the late
Mr. Thomson and Mr. Mallet, and afterwards new written
by Mr. Mallet, and acted at the Theatre Royal in Drury-
Lane in 1751."
The edition of the Oratorio from which this
" advertisement" is copied was printed at London
in 1754. J. M.
Oxford.
against Christianity," &c. See Liberte de Penser, Nov. 20,
1850, and Le Ver Rongeur des Soci4tes Modernes par
L'Abbe Gaume, cap. xvi.
* Such dissertations, too, as are attached to his larger
works ; for instance, the History of the Restoration of the
Platonic Theology, by the genuine' Disciples of Plato, ap-
pended to the second volume of Proclus on Euclid,
490
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2n*s. NO 51., DEC. 20. '56.
Miniature Men made of Clay. — In a volume of
Mr. Limbird's Mirror, some twenty years ago,
I read an account, a "tale of a traveller" rather,
descriptive of a curious trick said to have been
performed by some of the medicine-men of the
Red Indians of North America. « \
To the narrator's astonishment, they made num-
bers of little clay figures of men and horses ; which,
on the recital of some charm or formula, became
endowed with life, and engaged in desperate com-
bat with each other ; a state of things which was
at length terminated by one of the conjurors
gathering them up, and reducing them to qui-
escence by compressing them into their original
clay.
This story looks almost like a myth or allegory.
Can any of your readers give further particulars ;
and, if possible, a parallel or somewhat similar
story ? HENRY T. RILEY.
"Martini Perscei Ocia," Sfc. — Can you give any
information relative to a very uncommon poetical
volume, of which the following is the title, Mar-
tini Perscei Ocia Libello VI. continuata, Jenae,
Typis Johannis Werdneri, Anno M.DCXVIII. The
title is beautifully executed ; at the foot is a re-
presentation of Jena, as it appeared in 1616.
Amongst other interesting poems is one addressed
" Andreae Synclar de S. Claro Equitis Aurati."
J. MT.
" P. Q. Y. Zr — What is the meaning of the
expression " He is a P. Q. Y. Z." used in an un-
complimentary sense ? HENRY T. RILEY.
Robert Waller, M.P. — In 1779 there was a
Robert Waller, who was M.P. for Chipping Wy-
combe. Was he descended from Edmund Waller
the poet ? And if so, did he inherit the poet's
residence at Beaconsfield ? D.
Dr. Arm's Oratorio, " Abel." — Who is the au-
thor of the words of Dr. Arne's oratorio of Abel,
1755? R. INGLIS.
Translation of Horace. — Can you inform me
who is the author of a volume published with
the following title : The Lyric Works of Horace,
translated into English Verse : to which are added
a number of Original Poems. By a Native of
America. Published by Dilly, London, 8vo., 1787.
The volume, in addition to the translations from
Horace, contains translations from Ovid, pastorals,
songs, original odes, " Virginia," a pastoral drama,
&c. &c. The author, who appears to have been a
lieut.-colonel in the American army, has dedicated
the work to General Washington. R. INGLIS.
Glasgow.
Wilkins of Gloucestershire. — Is this family
entitled to bear arms ? Wilkins of Frocester,
Gloucestershire ; Wylkyns of Stoke, co. Kent j
Wilkins of Brecknock and Bristol, are, and these
I have. Query, are there any others? There
exists a grant of a quartering (for Wilkins) to
Ralph Bigland and son. Ralph was afterwards
Garter-king of Arms. Further particulars of this
grant, with descendants of said Ralph and son,
would be esteemed. W. DE WINCESTRE.
Arms of Llewellyn Voelgrwn. — What are the
arms of Llewellyn Voelgrwn, Lord of Main,
Montgomeryshire. They were borne by his de-
scendants, Davies of Peniarth, but I cannot find
them in Gwillim, Edmonton, Berry, or Burke;
the family of Davies of Peniarth merged into that
of Davies of Marrington Hall, representatives of
the younger branch of Davies Guasanan by mar-
riage. FRANCIS ROBERT DAVIES.
Moyglas Mawr.
St. Pancras Church in Middlesex. — This was
the last church in England after the Protestant
Reformation whose bell tolled for the Mass, and
in which the rites of the Roman Catholic Church
were performed. Can any of your readers inform
me the name of the vicar or priest of that time
who refused to conform, and the date ? E.
The Hare in representations of the Last Supper.
— In the wood engraving of the Last Supper, in
Albert Durer's " Smaller Passion," the hare lies
on the principal dish, which is rather remarkable,
since, if I recollect rightly, this animal was for-
bidden to the Jews by the Mosaic law. I had,
however, set this down as an artist- anachronism
until a week or two since, when, in going through
the beautiful little chapel attached to the house
in Gatton Park, I was surprised to notice a very
similar dish, in a representation of the same sub-
ject in the east window : though from the condi-
tion of the colouring just at that part I could
hardly make sure of the animal. The glass seemed
to be a fine specimen '"of Flemish or German
mediaeval workmanship. That the great " evan-
gelist of art" was more than once guilty of some-
what extraordinary errors in such matters, more
especially perhaps in costume and architecture,
there would be no difficulty in proving ; indeed, a
flagrant instance is to be seen in a little oil paint-
ing of his in the collection so generously opened
to the public by Lord Ward, in the Egyptian
Hall ; but that a like anachronism should occur
in a similar representation in quite another branch
of art, seems worthy of notice, more especially
when we recollect that, in England at all events,
and probably elsewhere, the hare was considered
an ill-omened animal. (Brown's Vulgar Errors,
p. 301., ed. 1669.)
Whilst on the subject of Afeert Durer, it is
worthy of mention in the pages of " N. & Q-,"
that we are indebted to Archdeacon Allen for
collecting into a shilling volume thirty-two of that
2»d S. N" 51., DEC. 20. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
491
artist's designs in his "Smaller Passion;" and
though, owing perhaps to the worn condition of
the blocks, the impressions are not remarkable for
clearness, yet any attempt to popularise the
works of this great reformer, who rose in Germany
simultaneously with kindred spirits in Italy, to
give a fresh impulse to art, is well worthy of en-
couragement. T. HARWOOD PATTISON.
" The Black Prince" a Tragedy. — There was
a MS. tragedy entitled The Death of the Black
Prince, said, in the Biographia Dramatica, to have
been sold as part of the library of the late Dr.
Sharpe. Can you inform me who this Dr. Sharpe
was, and whether he is likely to have been the
author of the play ? R. INGLIS.
" The General Review." — Can you give me any
information regarding the authorship of a periodi-
cal work called The General Review, printed in
1752 ? R. INGLIS.
La Duchesse de la Valliere. — Madame de Genlis,
in her Life of Madame de Maintenon (p. 92., Paris
edition, 1845), alludes to "cette fameuse epi-
gramme contre la duchesse de la Valliere." In a
foot-note is given the commencement, " Soyez
boiteuse, ayez quinze ans," etc. Can any of your
correspondents complete it ? G. R. B.
Boston, Mass.
Houses of Entertainment in 1608. — Can evi-
dence be adduced in favour of the following asser-
tions, or does Heywood merely exert the poet's
immemorial privilege of lying ? —
" The gentry to the King's Head,
The nobles to the Crown,
The knights unto the Golden Fleece,
And to the Plough the clown.
The churchman to the Mitre,
The shepherd to the Star,
The gardener hies him to the Rose,
To the Drum the man of war.
To the Feathers, ladies you," &c.
Of course it is natural enough that the noble
should seek the place which nobles most affect ;
that the politician should attend houses patronised
by politicians generally, and the literary men seek
the haunts of literary men. But Heywood's lines
imply more than this, and more than is likely.
THRELKELD.
Barker, the Sophister of King's. — In Registrum
Regale, ed. 1847, p. 25., it is stated that Brian
Rowe (elected from Eton to King's, 1499) was
author of the preface to a book called Scutum In-
expugnabile, written by one Barker, called " the
Sophister of King's." We trust some of your cor-
respondents can give more definite information as
to this Barker and his book.
C. H. & THOMPSON COOPER.
Cambridge.
^ Jean de Crepin. — In a recent first class exhi-
bition of water-colour drawings was shown a pic-
ture by " Johannot," with the subject given as
" The Arrest of Jean de Crepin by order of Riche-
lieu." Who was Jean de Crepin ? and where is
the narrative, historic or otherwise, to be found ?
ANON.
Gildon's " Lives of the Dramatic Poets" — In
the Bodleian Library is preserved an interleaved
copy of this work, with corrections, in the auto-
graph of Coxeter, who, it seems, intended a new
edition. Perhaps some of your Oxford corre-
spondents will say if these corrections are nu-
merous and important. EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
" Finetti Philoxensis" — This curious diary of
an old " Master of the Ceremonies to two Kings,"
was published after the author's death by his
friend James Howell. Oldys (British Librarian,
p. 163.) gives a careful account of its contents,
and mentions that there was a MS. in being more
full than the one published. Can any of your
readers give me the locality of this MS. at
present ? EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
Manuscript of Job : " Katho" its Printer.— I
should be much obliged for information respecting
the following Queries ?
1. An early English written MS. of Job, with
interlineal commentary. The text occupies about
a third of the page. It begins with a prologue :
"Job gentilis plurimorum assertionibus extitisse per-
hibetur," &c.
Next to this comes, —
" Quaedam historice hie dicuntur et allegorice, et mo-
raliter, qusedam nequeunt ad litteram accipi, quia erronea
sunt," &c.
Then comes the commentary :
" Per Job Christus, id est, caput vel corpus designatur ;
ergo per historiam viso ex capite," &c.
Again it says :
" Allegorice : Job, dolens, id est, Christus qui dolores
nostros portavit."
It ends with —
" Plena dierum (i. e. the church) moritur cui labentes
anni non transeunt, sed (actuum) Stantium retributione
solidantur. Plena dierum moritur quia per haec transe-
untia tempora ad id quod non transit operatur."
Can any of your numerous correspondents in-
form me who was the author, and where he lived ?
The book was written about the beginning of the
fourteenth century.
2. Who was the printer of Katho de omni Cecitate
Hominis errantis in Via Morum ? It is finely printed
in single columns, with about two inches of
margin ; there are thirty-four lines in the page.
The capitals throughout are printed in outline,
filled in afterwards with colour. The pages are
folioed in uncial letters, and the date cannot be
492
NOTES AND QUERIES. [2- s. NO 51., DEC. 20. '56.
later than 1480. My copy has lost the last page.
Is the book rare ? J. C. J.
" Marranys" — What is the meaning of this
word in a letter written from Clerk, Bishop of
Bath, to Cardinal Wolsey, A.D. 1527, and qnpted
in Mr. Trollope's charming sketch of the Girlhood
of Catherine de Medici^ p. 80. :
" agaynst pristes, and churchis'they have behavyd
themselfes as it doth become Marranys and Lutherans to
do."
C. W. B.
Engraved Portraits. — Can any of your readers
tell me what became of the library of the late Dr.
Sleath, Master of Etwall Hospital, or more par-
ticularly of a volume or volumes of engraved por-
traits which he had collected ?
CHARLES PASLAM.
St. Martin' s-in-the- Fields. — Churches so deno-
minated exist in London, Liverpool, and, I believe,
Chester. Can any connection in respect to causa-
tion be shown to exist between these names?
E. H. D. D.
Portrait of Godiva. — Peacham, in his Dialogue
between the Cross in Cheape and Charing Crosse,
4to., 1642, mentions the fear that the destruction
of Cheapside Crosse would lead to the destruction
of all the other Eleanor Crosses. He alludes also
to those of Abingdon and Coventry, Chester, &c.
Charing Crosse then says :
" They will find friends I'll warrant you ; I know Mr.
Maior of Coventr}' will have a care of his, it being so fair
an ornament of that ancient and well governed Citie,
whose liberties and freedom were long since obtained by
Godiva, wife as I take it, of Leofricus, a Saxon Prince,
who being incensed against that Citie, she procured their
privileges againe by riding (as was enjoyned by her hus-
band) naked through the Citie at noon day; and her
picture so riding, is set up in glasse in a window in ST.
MICHAEL'S Church in the same Citie"
Cheap replies :
"I wonder that window is not beaten down by the
Brownists in all this time ! a woman's picture riding
naked set up in a Church window ! "
Charing Crosse replies :
" Why not as well as the Devil's in many windows ? "
Can any of your readers inform me at what
period this singular ornament was removed from
St. Michael's church window ? Peacham was a
man as remarkable for his honesty of report, as
for his lively sallies. VABVICENSIS.
" Weep not for me" Sfc. — Who was the author
of the following sermon, quoted by Dr. Eachard
in The Grounds and Occasions of the Contempt of
the Clergy, p. 84., 9th edit. 1685 :
" St. Luke, xxiii. 28., « Weep not for me, weep for your-
selves.' Here are (says the Doctor) eight words, and
eight parts. 1. Weep not. 2. But weep. 3. Weep not,
but weep. 4. Weep for me. 6. For yourselves, 6. For
me, for yourselves. 7. Weep not for me. 8. But weep
for yourselves. That is to say. North, North and by
East, North North East, North East and by North,
North East, North East and by East, East North East,
East and by North, East."
This is one of the passages for which Eachard
was censured by good Barnabas Oley in his Pre-
face to George Herbert's Country Parson^ 1675.
Oley says :
" Sir, how could you write that descant upon our
Blessed Saviour's words ['Weep not for me,' &c.] without
mingling your tears with your ink ? Had you known
the author you would have pitied him : he was a man of
great wit, mixed with excess : of a fancy extended to his
hurt."
Eachard's letter in reply to Oley was the sub-
ject of a Query in " N. & Q.," 1* S. i. 320. ; but
the Rev. Geo. Wyatt had mistaken the old En-
glish letters 33. <£. for 38. JB. J. Y.
Demonological Queries. — In books on demono-
logy and witchcraft, published about the beginning
of the last century, many persons and practices
are mentioned without reference or explanation.
Probably at that time they were notorious, but
are now forgotten. I have noted a few, and shall
be much obliged by being told where I can find
an account of them.
" Apparitions : of Robert Lackman of Norwich ; Mary
Gough of Rochester ; Robert Devine of Taunton ; H.
Dorien, ' the master of the ceremonies ; ' and Zachary,
' the Socinian lover.' "
" Witches : Bertha de Rosenbery, Anne Bodenham,
Mary Hill Bekkington, J. Bryan of Youghall."
" The Bewitchings of John Goodman's Four Children;
of Ulric Neusser ; and of Maude Robertson."
" The Practice of Shooting at a Crucifix from behind
to render the Shooter invulnerable."
" The Devil's Rock in the Palatinate, where he was
frightened at an Old Shoe."
J. E. T.
iHfnor ^uertesf im'tib
William of Nassington. — A book called The
Myrrour of Life (Brit. Mus. Eg. 657.) was written
by a certain William of Nassyngton, and bears
the date 1418. Can you or any of your corre-
spondents inform me where I can find an account
of the author, or of any family of the name of
Nassyngton ? ROVILLUS.
Norwich.
[Nassington is the name of a parish in Northampton-
shire, as well as of a prebendal stall in Lincoln cathedral.
The title of the work is Speculum Vitas, or Myrrour of
Life, and is not the Egerton MSS. 657, but Addit. MS.
8151, and the Royal MS., 17 C. viii. We learn from a
note on the fly-leaf of the former copy, that it is generally,
but falsely ascribed to Hampole, because in the greater
number of copies the lines containing the name of Nas-
syngton are wanting. The finest copy existing belongs
to Mr. Singer. See Warton's History of English Poetry,
vol. ii. pp. 367—370., edit. 1840, for some account of the
poem.]
S. N° 51., DEC. 20. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
493
" Fondingge" — In a translation of the Lord's
Prayer in a MS. in the library of Caius College,
Cambridge (date about the thirteenth century),
the word fondingge is used for temptation. What
is its derivation ? ROVILLUS.
Norwich.
[Dr. Richardson derives it from the Anglo-Saxon
fund-ran, to try, attempt or endeavour, examine, search,
or seek after; and, as Somner expresses it, to labour to
come to a thing (i. e. to find), —
" The fifle, is moder of helthe,
A frend in aMefondynges (trials)."
See also Promptorium Parvulorum : " Fondyngc, or a-
saynge. Attemptacio. Ang.-Sax. fandian, tentare."
Halliwell gives the following examples :
" And of cure gyltys graunt us repentaunce,
And strenckyth us to stonde in alle fondyng."
MS. Cantab., Ff. ii. 38., f. 13.
" Y seyde hyt for no velanye,
But for afondynge."
Tyndale's New Testament. — I lately met with
a copy of Tyndale's New Testament in small 8vo.,
printed in 1538, with numerous woodcuts. Can
any of your readers inform me whether this is a
scarce edition ? Any particulars respecting it
would greatly oblige TUNSTAL.
[According to Dr. Cotton only three copies are known
of this very rare edition of Tyndale's Testament with his
Prologues, " Imprynted at Antwerpe by Matthew Crom."
They are in the Baptist Library, Bristol, St. Paul's Ca-
thedral, and Christ Church, Oxford, the last copy being
imperfect. There is, however, a perfect copy "in the
Grenville library. In Father Simon's Critical History, he
first ascribes this version to Tyndale and Coverdale, and
afterwards doubts whether it be not from Wickliffe's
version, which was permitted by Henry VIII. during Sir
T. Cromwell's life, but after his death, by the interference
of the bishops, was prohibited. The prevailing opinion,
however, ascribes this Testament to Tyndale and Cover-
dale. See note in the Grenville Catalogue, part i. p. 721. ;
also Dr. Cotton's List of various Editions of the Bible,
pp.5. 90. and 99.]
SHOULD THE QUERCUS SESSILIFLORA BE CULTI-
VATED ?
(2nd S. ii. 434.)
MR. COLLYNS states " that the Quercus robur is
preferred by all workers in hard wood for houses,
ships, wagons, machinery," &c. This preference
to the Q. robur, of course implies inferiority in
the Q. sessiliflora. Which, then, of the two oaks
ought the Admiralty to encourage in the royal
forests ? To appreciate the gist of the following
remarks, let it be understood that they apply to
two varieties of oak growing in the New Forest,
namely, the Q. robur and the Q. sessiliflora ; and
further that, to identify them, it must be borne in
mind that the Q. robur, or common oak, bears
acorns with long stalks, and leaves with short
stalks ; while conversely the Q. sessiliflora or
"Durmast" (so called by the woodmen) benrs
acorns with short stalks, and leaves with Ion"-
stalks.
During a visit to the New Forest in the yenr
1849, I found that all the workmen, whether car-
penters, sawyers, or hewers, condemned the Dur-
mast ; and in a letter from Mr. Nichols, the Navy
purveyor to the Earl of Chatham, First Lord of
the Admiralty, dated March 1, 1791, he says that,
" the Durmast is not so strong, hard, or durable,"
as the common oak, and he therefore deplores the
fact, that in the year 1700, some of the enclosures
were planted with Durmast acorns. Again, in
the last edition of the Enc. Brit, art. " Timber,"
the writer — my late respected friend, Augustin
Creuze, F.R.S. — says that, " there is no doubt as
to the comparative inferiority of Durmast oak.
Almost all English writers on timber have as-
serted it; and both Buffon and Du Hamel cor-
roborate their assertions." Lastly, in a letter
of the Navy Board, dated Dec. 2, 1830, the
quality of the Durmast is mistrusted.
But notwithstanding this mass of respectable
evidence against the poor Q. sessiliflora, no facts
were adduced to confirm such wholesale con-
demnation, and I conjectured whether its asserted
inferiority might not be a sort of popular delusion,
similar to the gratuitous notion that the durability
of timber depends on the age of the moon, or on
the season of the year at the time of felling.
That this conjecture was not groundless, the
following remarks will prove. In the year 1832,
forty pieces of the common oak and forty pieces of
the Durmast oak were respectively used on the
starboard and port sides of the " Vindictive."
After the lapse of seventeen years, that is to say
in 1849, the officers of Portsmouth yard reported
that the Durmast appeared to be more durable
than the common oak. Interested in this result,
I followed up the investigation by an experiment,
— which I will not tire you by describing, — and
the result, to my astonishment, was, that the Dur-
mast was denser, stronger, and more elastic than
the common oak !
Pardon the length of this communication : the
importance of the subject must plead the excuse,
for, believing that the Delphic oracle is now as
applicable to England, as formerly it was to
Athens, and that in deed and very truth Britain's
best bulwarks are her wooden walls, it surely
cannot be a matter of indifference to determine on
the best material with which to construct the
same. God grant that, manned with "hearts
of oak," these her walls may ever prove stronger
than adamant ! Esto perpetua ! JAMES BENNETT.
H. M. Dockyard, Portsmouth,
Dec. 11, 1856.
494
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2«"i s. NO 51., DEC. 20. '56.
MEDAL OF THE PRETENDER.
(1st S.xi. 84.)
Inquiries were made long since respecting a
medal of the Pretender : the head on one side,
and on the reverse, a young tree springing from
the withered trunk, with " revirescit " above, and
"1750" beneath. Your reply was to the effect
that the medal is not uncommon, and that it was
struck in Italy.
I possess medals answering to this description,
and, believing them to be rare, I intended to pre-
sent one to the British Museum ; but on my friend
calling there he was informed that the collection
contained several copies.
That such a medal, or medals, as you state, was
struck in Italy I do not question ; but what I
submit is that such a medal was struck in Eng-
land, which cannot be inferred from your answer,
and may not be known to the officers of the Mu-
seum. Where the die was cut I know not, nor
does it affect this question.
I have papers in my possession which'show that
subscriptions were received in London for such
medals. Here is a copy of one of them :
« 1749.
Recciv'cl One ~Ga for the Medal of an Oak
to be deliver'd on Demand. (Seal) "
This, it may be said, proves nothing as to where
the medal was struck. But I also have in my
possession no less than seven bills and receipts for
striking these medals, in gold, silver, and copper ;
and I will copy one of them as the names may be
suggestive to you and your better informed cor-
respondents :
"1750. To Alex*. Johnston.
March 26. To 22 Silver meddals W. 12oz. )
12Adwt. 6s. Id per oz -/
To pa Mr. Pingo's Bill -
To pd for 14Ib. 2oz. Coppar,)
2s. Qd. per lib. - - -J
To flatting waist and attend- \
ance 6 prps. - - - J
£ s.
3 16
5 11
1 15
3 1 0
£14 4 4."
I am not certain as to the last entry.
All these bills are due to Johnston, and in all
payment is made to Mr. Pingo.
In addition to these, and it appears to me con-
clusive, I have one of the dies-" the head of the
Pretender.
; As I am entirely ignorant of numismatics, I
think it well to add, that some of these medals
appear to be solid ; while others are in separate
pieces, bound together with a collar ; and in one
of the bills is a charge —
" To pd. for Collaring a meddle . . 6d"
I submit the facts without comment for your
consideration, and shall be glad to receive an ex-
planation, M. O. P.
CALENDS.
(2nd S. ii. 110.236.276.419.)
It is to be desired that the exact pronunciation
and meaning of this word at Bromyard and Ludlow
should be verified by your former correspondents,
with reference to the remark above in p. 276.
The Herefordshire Glossary, published in 1839,
contains this article :
" Scallage or Scallenge, s. : a detached covered porch at
the entrance of a churchyard. Ducange in v. shows that
scalus was sometimes used for stallus, in the sense of a
seat. Hence, perhaps, may have been derived Scalagium."
There can be no doubt that in parts of Here-
fordshire, and neighbouring counties, the lich-gate,
or covered porch at the entrance of a churchyard,
under which the bearers remain with the coffin,
when the clergyman comes out to meet it, is called
scallenge, or scalleons. The writer of this note
has had the means of verifying the fact within
the last few weeks. If this word is pronounced
calends in other parts of the same county, it is
possible that the former is a corruption of the
latter form. MR. LOWER states that a part of the
close of Rouen Cathedral is called the Calende ;
and that the entrance to the south transept is
known as the Portail de la Calende. It appears
from Ducange, in v. Kalendce, that meetings of
the clergy on the calends, or first day of each
month, were themselves called calends : the same
name was also given to pious brotherhoods, for a
similar reason. It is conceivable that a part of
a church, or other sacred building, where these
meetings were held, may have acquired the name of
calends. One of the meanings of the word in Du-
cange is, " Initium cujusvis rei, ubi territorium
aliquod incipit ;" in which sense it might have
been applied to a porch at the entrance of the
churchyard. Before, however, further attempts
at explanation are made, it is to be wished that
your correspondents should state whether they
have represented with perfect precision the sound
and acceptation of the provincial term. L.
STOCK FROST.
(2nd S. i. 151. 215.)
Your correspondents, J. B. and E. G. R. ex-
press disbelief in the occurrence of " stock frosts."
I apprehend the only reason they can assign for
their disbelief is, that neither of them have ever
seen one, and neither of them can see how such a
phenomenon is " reconcileable with science and
reason." The King of Bantam would not believe
in ice for one or both of the same reasons. There
was ice nevertheless ; and in like manner, not-
withstanding the incredulity of J. B. and E. G. R.
there are such things as stock-frosts which have
g. N° 51., DKC. 20. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
495
been seen by thousands. I have lived in the Fens
all my life, but have never seen a " Will o* the
wisp," and cannot reconcile their peculiar be-
haviour and appearances with " science and rea-
son ; " but I suppose E. G. E-. would not forego
his belief in these Norfolk "lantern-men," be-
cause I had neither seen one nor could account
for the phenomenon if I had. Now, although I
have not seen a " lantern-man," I have seen " an-
chor frosts " (for that is the name given them in
the Isle of Ely), and I do not think it at all dif-
ficult to reconcile their appearance both with
" science and reason." I would first remark by
the way, that the fact of their bearing names in
German (grund-eis), in French (glace du fond),
and in this country stock frost, stock storm, ground
gru, ice meers, and in the fens of Cambridgeshire,
anchor frost , is a point (though not a conclusive
one) in their favour. Your correspondent J. W.,
of Cossey Gardens,,,Norwich( p. 216.), has hit the
right nail on the head, when he says, " I have ob-
served this curious fact only in very severe frosts,
and then only in those parts of rivers which were
exposed to very cold winds lasting for several days.
The water became thoroughly chilled, but it froze
only below, where the water was still ; the surface
did not freeze because the wind kept it constantly
ruffled and agitated." In these few words lies the
whole explanation of the phenomenon. When
water is cooled below 32°, if not agitated, it will
become ice ; if agitated, it will remain fluid at a
lower temperature. Anchor frosts always (so far
as my experience goes) accompany high, bitter-
cold, frosty, east or north-east winds, lasting, as
J. W. says, for several days. The effect of this is
that the whole body of water in a river or lake is
at last reduced in temperature below freezing
point, and if the wind were then suddenly to cease,
the water in the river or lake would almost in-
stantly become a mass of ice ; as it is, however,
ice forms whenever the agitation is nil, or at a
minimum, and, following the law of crystallisation,
makes use of the blades of flags and weeds lying
at the bottom as nuclei upon which to form.
When masses have been thus formed of sufficient
size, they rise by their specific buoyancy and come
to the surface, often bringing up weeds with them,
and presenting the appearance of pointed glaciers
or icebergs in miniature. I remember ori one oc-
casion of an anchor frost at Ely, many years ago,
seeing some watermen trying to impel a gang of
lighters by thrusting against a long pole, armed
with a forked metal- sheathed prong at the ex-
tremity, here called a " sprit " or " spread," but
giving up the task in sheer despair on account of
the water adhering to the sprit becoming ice every
time it was lifted up out of the water, until at
last the sprit became too heavy for one man to
handle, from the quantity of ice surrounding it.
There are scores of watermen who ply upon the
Ouze that could multiply instances of anchor
frosts ; but surely enough has been said to satisfy
most reasonable men that such phenomena are
both possible and probable. It is true their oc-
currence is rare, but that is only because the
concurrence of their causes is rare.
In order to an anchor frost, all the following
conditions must be simultaneously present. 1st.
A wind considerably below the freezing point.
2nd. One blowing long enough to cool down the
whole mass of water below 32°. 3rd. One blow-
ing strong enough and continuously enough (that is,
without lulls) to prevent the formation of surface
ice at any time during the gale. 4th. One which
initiates a frost, because if it were to come on
during a frost, after surface ice has formed, the
requisite agitation of the water could not take
place. 5th. A water sufficiently exposed to be
agitated by the gale ; and 6th. A water sufficiently
shallow to be wholly cooled down below the freez-
ing point, so as to allow of ice forming at the
bottom. Now it seldom happens that we have a
high wind cold enough and of sufficient duration
to cool all the water of a river or lake below the
freezing point. Usually, our severest frosts are
accompanied by still weather, and unless the
aforesaid high wind occurs at the beginning of the
cold weather, before surface ice has formed, no
anchor frost can happen, because, if the surface be
first frozen, then the agitation of the water, which
is another necessary condition of an anchor frost,
cannot take place. WM. MARSHALL.
Ely, Cambridgeshire.
PUNCH AND JUDY.
(2nd S: ii. 430.)
The supposed origin of these puppets from
Pontius Pilate and the Jews has no authority
from history, nor from the kind of entertainment
and dialogue of the characters. Much learning-
has been bestowed on this subject by Galiani in
his Vocabulary of the Neapolitan dialect, who fixes
on Puccio d' Aniello at Acerra, near Naples, as
the original Punch, and after whose death a Po-
lecenella, or young Puccio, succeeded him. Mr.
MacFarlane has shown (Popular Customs of the
South of Italy, illustrated from Pinelli, p. 127.)
that Punch and the whole family of Burattini
(puppets) are the delight of many countries be-
sides Italy. He is as popular in Egypt, Syria,
and Turkey, as in London or Naples. Under the
name of Karaguse, or Black- Snout, he has amused
and edified the grave, bearded citizens of Cairo
and Constantinople for many an age. Traces of
him have been found in Nubia, and far beyond
the cataracts of the Nile ; and it is supposed types
or symbols of him have been discovered among
the hieroglyphics of the ancient Egyptians. The
496
NOTES AND QUERIES.
NO 51., DEC. 20. '56,
wandering Arabs cherish him. He is at home
with the lively Persians, and beyond the Red Sea,
and the Persian Gulf, " and the Indian Ocean,
Karaguse, or Black-Snout, is found slightly tra-
vestied in Hindustan, Siam and Pegu, Ava and
Cochin-China, China Proper, and Japan. The
Tartars behind the great wall of China are not
unacquainted with him, nor are the Kamtchatkans ;
and Herculaneum and Pompeii have given up
Punch after being buried sixteen centuries.
The most approved derivation of Punch is from
his chicken nose, Pullicinus signifying a little
chicken. Judy is exclusively English. The ge-
nuine Punch, as in the ancient Greek drama, only
admits of two other agonistas, the Bisceglian and
the stuttering lawyer. Mr. MacFarlane concludes
his entertaining description by saying (p. 134.) :
" How it fares with the little theatre of San Carlino,
and the in-door Punch, I know not ; but I have received
the mournful intelligence that the out-of-door Punch, and
the Burattini in general, have been suffering a worse than
heathen persecution at the hands of the present king
(1846) and government ; that povero Policinello is ba-
nished from his home and country, and that in conse-
quence of these and similar improvements, all life and
brio are vanishing from the streets of Naples."
T. J. BUCKTON.
Lichfield.
I cannot help thinking our Punch is an abbre-
viation of the Neapolitan Polichinello. During a
long residence at Naples in 1843, I naturally fre-
quented the theatres, and was much diverted
by this personage, who answers to our English
clown. One feature particularly struck me, his
perpetual restlessness. If his master makes him
sit down, he cannot keep his legs and arms a
moment quiet, but is annoying everybody who
comes within their reach. The more, therefore, the
Polichinello agitates himself the better the actor
is considered. In some magazine which fell into
my hands at Naples, the word is derived from
iroAv KIVGW — to move much, which seemed to me at
least plausible, considering the founders of Nea-
polis were a Greek colony, and their descendants
retain still very many features of their original
country. F. W.
I am inclined to ascribe the origin of Punch
and Judy to some mystery play, for the following
reasons :
1. The name of Punch in Italy is Poncinello ;
a very easy corruption of Pontiello, or Pontianello.
Judy is certainly very like Giudei (the Jews), or
Giuda (Judas).
2. There are certainly two places in Europe
where traditions respecting Pontius Pilate still
survive — Avignon, where some say that lie died ;
and Mount Pilatus, near Lucerne. The story at
the latter place is, that he threw himself into a
lake on the top of the mountain. It would appear
from this that traditions respecting him were afloat
during the middle ages, and nothing is more
likely than their embodiment in a mystery play.
Perhaps some of your correspondents may know
of other places where such traditions are to be
found. I have long supposed Punch and Judy to
be the relic of a mystery play, although I had
never seen it proposed until I met with MR» GOD-
WIN'S Query. J. V.
These persons are probably "of Italian origin,
and mean Polichinello and Judas. Theobald, in
one of his notes to Shakspeare, says :
" There was hardly an old play till the period of the
Reformation which had not in jt a devil and a droll cha-
racter, who was to play upon and work the devil."
Perhaps Judas was often introduced as 'a fit
representative, and so in our street exhibitions we
generally see both characters introduced (Judas
corrupted into Judy), and Punch victorious over
loth. M. A.
t<u
Biblical Epitomes (2nd S. ii. 386.) — I have two
metrical abstracts of the Bible.
1. at the end of a Vulgate, Paris, 1523. " Per
Magistrum Franciscum Golthi, ordinis Minorum.'*
It begins, —
" Ante fit lux producitur
Dividens aquas congregat,'' &c.
The New Testament begins, —
" A quibus venit dominus
Mattheus patres exhibet," &c*
2. is in Greek, and is intituled —
"EN- MIKPO MEPA, YITOI (fvvotyis Ke^aAatwSij? roO 'I<rro~
piKOv T»}S Kcuvjjs Kal iraXata? Sia&^Kijs Sta /u.^rpajf Troi/ciAwv »cat
SiaAeKTajv TOU ratreivov ^xeyaAov 6eo\6yov TTJ? ayias TOV Xpicr-
TOU /xeyaArjs cKKA-qcruxs /cat TU>V aTrafraxou StSao-YaAwv i£apx<>v
Ko.1 tepoKrjpvKOs IAAPIONO2 KYrAAAKYIPIOY?'
It begins, —
yeveffiv Mwcr^5 <rvveypci\)/a.TO
we SvtaSeKa <rvv Trarpid/
KOCT/JIOI'T'
This is manuscript. I do not know whether
published. Who was this Hilarion of Cyprus ? *
J. C. J.
Tothill Pedigree (2nd S. ii. 372.) — Having, like
A., experienced some difficulty in respect to the
descent of Tothill of Shardeloes, I send the in-
formation I possess, in hope that some of your cor-
respondents will be enabled to throw light upon
the subject.
William Tothill was born in Devonshire, as
appears by his monument in Amersham Church ;
he was one of the Six Clerks in Chancery, and pur-
chased Shardeloes, co. Bucks, in the time of Eliza-
beth, from the Cheynes. He married Katherine,
[* See Alban Butler's Lives, Oct. 21.]
2nd s. NO 51., DEC. 20. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
497
daughter of Sir John Denham the judge, and
sister of Sir John Denham the poet, and it appears
by the parish register at Amersham, that she was
buried June 29, 1626, and her husband the 10th
of December following.
The arms of Tothill, as quartered by the Drakes
on their monuments in Amersham Church, Az. on
a bend, arg. cotised, or, a lion passant, sa., were
granted in 1563 (by William Harvey Clarencieux)
to Geoffrey Tothill, Recorder of Exeter : as it
would therefore appear that William Tothill was
descended from the Recorder, I send a pedigree
compiled from the Visitations and Westcote's
Collections.
Geoffrey Tothill, of Peamore, co. Devon, Re-
corder of Exeter from 1563 to 1574, in which
year he probably died ; by his wife Joan, daughter
of Robert Dillon of Chimwell, he had three sons,
Henry, Robert, and Aris. Henry, the eldest, in-
herited Peamore, and was Sheriff of Devon in
1623 and 1624; he married Mary, daughter and
heir of Nicholas Spark of Dunsford, and had by
her a son Nicholas, who died December 22nd,
1622, and was buried at Shillingford, and two
daughters, Joane, the wife of Robert Norleigh of
Matford, who inherited Peamore, and Grace, the
wife of William Tothill of the Middle Temple (her
second cousin) ; she died February 24, 1623, aged
eighteen, and was buried at Exminster, leaving
no issue.
From a comparison of dates it would appear
that William Tothill, of Shardeloes, was a son of
either Robert or Aris, and grandson of the Re-
corder ; but can any reader of " N. & Q." say of
which, and who his mother was ? JOHN TUCKETT.
35. Hart Street, Bloomsbury.
" Call me not pale, but fair" (2nd S. ii. 431.) —
C. S. G. T. will find the following line in the con-
clusion to part the first of Coleridge's Christabel :
" Her face, Oli call it fair, not pale."
J. K. R. W.
Grace Worthley (2nd S. i. 144.) — MR. STEIN-
MAN will find an account of this unfortunate lady
in the introduction to the Diary of the Times of
Charles IL, edited by R. W. Blencowe in 1843.
In one of her letters addressed to Henry Lord
Sidney, p. xxxii. she says :
" How I wish I were to accompany King William in
his progress into Cheshire; that I might once before I
die make a visit to the great old wooden house at Stoak,
within three miles of NantAvich, where I was born and
bred ; and if your Lordship does attend on the king m
his progress, let me beg of you to make a step to Stoak,
'tis but fourteen miles from West Chester, and I hear the
king goes to Chester. You will find my Cousin, Edward
Mynshull, will give you a very generous entertainment,
and so will my Cousin Sir Thomas Mainwaring, of Ba-
delly ; and Stanley of Houghton, and Chemley of Vale
Royal; and forty more of my relatives there; if you
please to do them the honour of visiting their innocent,
clownish habitations ; and when you have viewed Stoak
Hall, where I was born, then I must beg of your Lord-
ship to tell me whether you don't think it was an agree-
able portion for me to be attended from your door by a
Constable and a Beadle. Gaysworth too will be able to
entertain you, that was my great grandfather's ; but my
Lord Macclesfield complains that the old house is ready
to fall upon his head. I love Gaysworth, because my
Mother was born there. I like Stoak as well * * * I
wish your Lordship would incline to do what is reason-
able by me, that I might go into Cheshire and there end
my days. I should enjoy more happiness in one month
in Cheshire, than I have done in all the twenty-five
years I have mis-spent in London."
Perhaps this extract, which I have made from
one of her letters, will give ME. STEINMAN all the
information he wishes for. R. W. B.
Ormonde Arms on Rochford Church Tower
(2nd S. ii. 418.) — The tradition that this tower
was built by an Earl of Ormonde in Henry VII.'s
reign is most likely correct ; as Thomas, the
seventh Earl of Ormonde, and also Earl of Wilt-
shire in England, was a complete absentee, living
on his great possessions in England until his death.
The tradition that he was the builder of Rochford
Tower is very interesting ; and should there
linger other local information about him in the
neighbourhood, it would be very desirable that it
should be recorded. Replies to the following
Queries will also be very acceptable : —
1. Where is to be found a full account of the
English possessions of Thomas, Earl of Ormonde,
which, after his death, passed to his heirs general,
the Boleyns and St. Legers ?
2. What is the blazon of the arms on Rochford
Church tower ? JAMES GEAVES (Clk.)
Kilkenny.
The Boomerang (2nd S. ii. 407. 475.) — In my
communication on 'this subject, I omitted to say
that, instead of "cubitu," which is destitute of
meaning, I had adopted " recubitu," as given by
Lemaire, on the authority of three of the MSS., a
word which is supposed to mean " by a rebound."
I say supposed only, because it is in no other in-
stance to be found. "Adlabi" does not of^ne-
cessity mean, to move in any particular direction,
but simply to move from a point where the object
is at rest — in this instance the spot at which it
has fallen short of the mark — towards some
other point. " Propius " can hardly mean " near
the beast aforesaid ; " for a hunter would not be
likely to use a weapon a second time, which by
moving away from him, without touching the
prey, would only entail additional trouble on the
thrower. On the other hand, if the staff returned
nearer the thrower, than it was at the moment that
it stopped short (a thing that the boomerang
really does), we can understand its utility as a
hunter's weapon.
There is considerable justice in what T. P. says
as to the ordinary force of " etiamsi ; " still Pliny
498
NOTES AND QUERIES.
S. NO 51., DEC. 20. '56.
is sometimes lax in the use of bis particles, and I
am inclined to think that here it means no more
than " si." The Chapter is LXXII. according to
the numeration introduced by Hardouin, and now
generally used. Holland follows the old, and very
inconvenient, numeration of the Chapters as given
by Dalechamps. HENRY T. RILEY.
Chinese Inscriptions found in Egypt (2nd S. ii.
387.) — There is now no doubt of the genuine-
ness of the small porcelain phials found in the
tombs of Egypt by Sir G. Wilkinson, Rosellini,
&c. There was a doubt at first, which arose from
the fact being so startling ; but that was set at
rest by the discovery of several by different
people. The last, I believe, were found in the
Egypto- Assyrian tombs by Mr. Layard. That
found by Rosellini was ascribed by him to a very
early date, somewhere about the thirteenth or
fourteenth century B.C. The material in all cases
is of an inferior quality, and so agreeing with an
early date. Eight have been discovered in the
Theban tombs. There is now in the Museum a
more interesting specimen from Assyria than any
of the Egyptian : it is a small bowl of " crackle
porcelain." This also is of quite rude material,
but the cracking uncommonly like that of more
modern times. I think there is little doubt but
that porcelain was the murrhina of the ancients,
introduced at Rome by Pompey. It probably
came to Egypt through India. There are still
some who consider these vases as forgeries, put in
the tombs by the Arabs ; but this is hardly likely
in so many instances. ISTor is there any improba-
bility in their antiquity, for it is known that por-
celain was quite common in China in the second
century A.D. J. C. J.
Did Handel possess a Musical Library ? (2nd S.
i. 75.) — SALOPIENSIS, in his Query, as above,
writes that " Handel, it is believed, left his music
by will to his amanuensis Mr. Smith ;" and then
inquires, " Is there any record respecting it, and
was there much besides the fair copies of his own
compositions " ?
Having by me Coxe's Anecdotes of G. F. Han-
del and J. C. Smith (1799), I .transcribe what re-
lates to the above points :
" To Mr. Smith he (Handel) left all his MS. music in
score, his harpsichord, on which almost all that music
had been composed, his portrait, painted by Denner, anc
his bust, by Koubiliac.
" It had been Handel's wish, that all the MS. musi
should be assigned to Oxford, and preserved in the Uni-
versity Library ; and with that attention to his posthu-
mous fame and regard to an University which had been
sensible of his merits, he proposed to give Smith a legacy
of three thousand pounds, if he would resign his claim t(
the promise which Handel had made to him. But h<
had too much enthusiasm for the art, and too great a
veneration for the productions of so able a composer, hi
friend and instructor, to relinquish for any pecuniar}
onsideration so inestimable a prize ; and Handel faith-
ully performed his promise at his death."
It is also stated, that the Princess Dowager of
iVales, having engaged Mr. Smith as her master
n the harpsichord, placed him on her household,
with a salary of two hundred pounds a year,
which, being continued to Smith by the King on
he Princess's death, the biographer says :
" In a mind so constituted as that of Mr, Smith, where
iberality and disinterestedness were distinguishing fea-
ures, it is easy to be supposed that gratitude would be
10 less conspicuous He
accordingly exprest that "gratitude in a way which he
bought most acceptable to his Sovereign, and in the
ulness of his heartfelt acknowledgment, presented to the
£ing the rich legacy which Handel had left him, of all
lis MS. music in score. The harpsichord, so remarkable
'or the ivory being indented by Handel's continued exer-
ions, and on which, as has been already related, the far
greater part of his MS. had been composed, and his bust
>y Roubiliac, he sent afterwards to Windsor Castle. Of
all that his great instructor had bequeathed to him, he
mly retained to himself the portrait painted by Denner."
A note informs us that —
" The great Frederick, King of Prussia, offered Smith
wo thousand pounds for Handel's MSS., but he was un-
willing to let such a treasure go out of England."
EDWIN ROFFE.
The Greek Cross (2nd S. ii. 190. 257.) — Several
of our cathedrals, as, for instance, Salisbury and
Worcester, have a second or eastern transept,
which in ecclesiastical symbolism represented the
scroll written above the cross. In the priest's
Greek cross to which your correspondent alludes,
the projection, I have "no doubt, is the same as
that which Bp. Beveridge thus describes in one of
bis sermons (No. xv.) :
" Mount Calvary, the place of His execution. Behold
there an upright piece of timber fixed in the ground, with
another little piece jutting out about the middle, and a
cross beam towards the top of it ! Behold His body
raised up and seated on the foresaid middle piece, His feet
nailed one over the other towards the bottom ! and His
hands one to the one side, and the other to the other side
of the Cross beam ! "
That the good bishop may have had some sacred
Greek picture before him while he wrote these
words is no improbable supposition, when we
recal his laborious oriental studies.
MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A.
James Baird of Chesterhall (2nd S. ii. 308.) —
James Baird was admitted a Writer to the Signet
in Edinburgh, July 19, 1697, and held the office
of Clerk to the Wardrobe in Scotland at the time
of his death in July, 1741. This office had a
salary of 30Z. attached to it, and must have become
a sinecure. His widow, Mrs. Margaret Oswald,
died at Scotstown, April 27, 1764, and as SIGMA
THETA calls his wife a daughter of Watson
of Bilton Park, he must have been twice married.
He was succeeded in his estate by his son Dr.
S. N° 51., DEC. 20. '56.]
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
499
James Baird, physician in Edinburgh, who died
May 3, 1790, being then the Senior Fellow of the
Royal College of Physicians there. James, the
clerk, may have been of the family of Baird of
Newby th, but I have seen no evidence of his filia-
tion. R. R.
Brabangons (2nd S. i. 393.) — The word routier
is derived from ruptarius, the mediaeval Latin
name given to these hireling troops ; and that, in
its turn, most probably, from the Latin rumpo,
ruptum, " to destroy with violence," in reference
to their lawless character. They were called
Coterelli, or Cotteraux, from their use of a large
knife or coterel : a name first given to them, it is
said, by the people of Toulouse. According to
some authorities, however, they were so called
from cotarius, a "cottager," in consequence of
their habit of levying contributions on the pea-
santry. HENRY T. RILET.
" Trafalgar" (1st S. x. 145.)— The anonymous
drama Trafalgar, or the Sailors' Play, printed at
Uxbridge in 1807, was written by William Perry,
M.D., of Hillingdon.
For this information I am indebted to the au-
thor's son, Septimus Perry, Esq., of Hillingdon.
R. INGLIS.
ErdeswicKs " Staffordshire " (2nd S. ii. 403.) —
The documents here printed show that Curll un-
dertook to print Erdeswick's Survey of Stafford-
shire, but S. N. M. is incorrect in saying " a new
edition;" as, up to that time, the work had been
circulated only by the multiplication of manu-
script copies, — of which a large number are now
assembled in the Staffordshire collection of Wil-
liam Salt, Esq., F.S.A. The work of Erdeswick
was published by Curll in 8vo., 1717 ; republished,
not reprinted, by W. Hears and J. Hooke, 1723 :
it was re-edited by the Rev. Thomas Harwood,
in 1820, 8vo. ; and a second time by the same
litor in 1844.
In p. 412., a similar error is committed by N.
. P. Camden's Visitation of Huntingdonshire
was not "reprinted" by the Camden Society; but
printed for the first time (under the editorship of
Sir Henry Ellis) from the original MS. in the
British Museum. J. Gr. N.
Horse Godmother (2nd S. ii. 400.) — The phrase
for " a coarse masculine woman " is common both
in England and Ireland. The word horse is a
frequent prefix to : signify coarseness, — horse-
laugh, horse-play, horse-chesnut, horse-radish, &c.
C.
Parochial Libraries (2nd S. ii. 218.) — There is
one at Tong Church, Salop, kept in the vestry.
The chalice at the same church is also worthy of
inspection, the bowl being formed out of a ring of
crystal.
Gower Queries (2nd S. ii. 409.) — Will the fol-
owing further " guesses at truth " be of any use
to MR. DALDY ?
Anabulla for ampulla, " anything blown or puffed
ip, like a bottle ; " used by Horace for bombast or
rhodomontade.
Honochinus for onochilus, a word used by Pliny
for a kind of herb.
Metrede for metreta, " a measure."
Scomer =. scummer, " excrement." See Nares's
Glossary.
Wowe = wogh (A.-S. wag}, "any partition,
whether of boards or mudwalls, or laths and
lime." (Thoresby, " Letter to Ray.")
J. EASTWOOD.
Eckington.
Ancient Parliamentary Speech (2nd S. ii. 430.)
— W. K. R. B., alluding to Sir Robert Mansel
vindicating the honour of the flag, asks if " the
incident referred to is to be found recorded in
print ? " Yes, and here it is : —
" To bring these Embassadors over, were appointed Sir
Robt. Mansel, Vice Admiral of the narrow seas, and Sir
Jerome Turner his Vice Admiral ; the first commanded to
attend at Graveling for the Spanish Embassador, the
latter at Calls for the French ; but the French coming
first, and hearing the Vice Admiral was to attend him,
the Admiral the other ; in a scorn put himself in a pas-
sage boat of Calls, came forth with flag in top, instantly
Sir Jerome Turner sent to know of the Admiral what he
should do ? Sir Robt. Mansel sent him word, to shoot,
and strike him, if he would not take in the flag, this, as
it made the flag be pulled in, so a great complaint, and
'twas believed it would have undone Sir Robt. Mansel the
French faction put it so home ; but he maintained the
Act, and was the better beloved of his master ever after,
to his dying days." — From The Court and Character of
King James, written and taken by Sir A. W. (Sir Anthony
Weldon), being an eye and eare witness.
I have one or two more Notes about the gallant
old Admiral, but they do not bear on the present
subject. J. BENNETT.
H. M. Dockyard, Portsmouth.
NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.
If Punch be right in his anticipations, and the year
1999 sees "N. & Q." in full vigour, solving the doubts of
the doubtful, it may then well be a question in its pages
how far the Great Art Exhibition of 1857 owed its exist-
ence to John Murray of Albemarle Street, and the many
excellent works illustrative of Art, and of the Collections
of Art in this country, issued by that eminent bibliopole.
Seriously, the knowledge of the materials for such an
exhibition contained in Waagen's Treasures of Art in
Great Britain, must have exercised no small influence in
promoting it ; and when we call to mind his other pub-
lications of the same character, such as Eastlake's Schools
of Painting in Italy, Head's Handbook of Painting from
the German of Kugler, Wornum's Italian Painters, fyc.,
we can as little doubt that Murray has done much, indi-
rectly albeit, to prepare the way for the Manchester
500
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2«*S.N«51., DEC. 20. '56.
Exhibition, as that the books we have referred to will
become Handbooks to such an Exhibition. These re-
marks have been called, from us by another work of
similar character, just issued by the same firm, The Early
Flemish Painters, their Works and Arts, by J. A. Crowe
and G. B. Cavalcaselle. The Flemish School has long
been a great favourite in England ; and a work devoted
to its history, in which the researches of continental
inquirers are combined with the results of the personal
inspection by the authors of all the great pictures belong-
ing to this School, cannot fail to be welcome to the art-
loving public of this country.
Under the title of a Library of Old Authors, Mr. Russell
Smith has commenced an extensive series of reprints of
the best productions of our early literature. If all the
volumes are as well selected and carefully edited as one
now before us, the work will not only be creditable and
profitable to Mr. Smith, but a real boon to the lovers of
old English books. It is entitled The Miscellaneous
Works in Prose and Verse of Sir Thomas Overbury,
Knight, now first collected ; edited, with Notes, and a Bio-
graphical Account of the Author, by Edward F. Rimbault,
LL.D. It is of course unnecessary to say a word as to
the propriety and advantage of collecting together the
works of the accomplished author of The Wife — in that
no mean poet — and of The Characters — in that a yet
more excellent prose writer — for his English is English,
nervous, and manly. While those who remember the
care and industry with which Dr. Rimbault has always
illustrated any reprints he has undertaken, will not re-
quire one word from us as to the able manner in which
he has executed his task upon the present occasion.
We must dismiss with a few words two volumes of an
antiquarian character which are waiting for our notice.
The first, The Northmen in Cumberland and Westmoreland,
by R. Ferguson, is the substance of a popular lecture ad-
dressed to a Cumberland audience on the leading facts
contained in Worsaae's Danes and Norwegians in Eng-
land, and a volume well calculated to interest the men of
Cumberland. The next is one to interest Cornish men,
more particularly at the present time, when a proposition
has been advanced, and seriously entertained, of reviving
their ancient bishoprick. Its object is sufficiently shown
by its title, The Anglo- Saxon Episcopate of Cornwall, with
some Account of the Bishops of Crediton, bv E. H. Pedler,
Esq.
Lady Wallace, to whom our youthful readers were last
year indebted for the pretty tale of Princess Use, has this
Christmas gathered for them a companion volume quite
equal, if not superior, to Princess Use. It is entitled
Voices from the Greenwood, and we are so pleased with
their echo, as caught by Lady Wallace, that we can
hardly bring ourselves to say what we ought to say. In
Avhat "forests of Germany or Denmark was Lady Wallace
wandering when she heard them ?
Success to the Photographic Society ! Success to its
active and intelligent Secretary ! Success to King's Col-
lege ! In the great hall of the latter, by the energy of the
second, and the contributions of the Society itself, an ex*
hibition was formed which, on Wednesday evening, was
thronged by all the notables of literature and science in
the metropolis, and graced by the presence of crowds of
elegant women. When will some of our older Societies
see the wisdom of following this sensible example?
Hotten, the bookseller of Piccadilly, seeing the interest
just now taken in Pope, has issued a Catalogue, in which
will be found a curious list of books illustrative of the
life and writings of the poet ; and some Adversaria, touch-
ing those and other points of literary interest. While on
the subject of Catalogues, we may also call attention to
the valuable Catalogue of Autographs lately issued by
Messrs. Waller of Fleet Street,
•[BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES
WANTED TO PURCHASE.
BACON'S NOVUM OROANUM. Translated by Peter Shaw. 2 Vols. 12mo.
1802.
WILLOUOHBY'S ORNITHOLOGY OF THIS COUNTY o« WARWICK. By Ray.
Tas RUINS OP LEVEDEN, WITH HISTORICAL NOTICES OP THE FAMILY or
TRESHAM AND ITS CONNEXION WITH THE GUNPOWDER PLOT.
THB HUNDRED AND TEN CONSIDERATIONS op SIONIOR JOHN VALDESIO.
Translated from Italian into English, with Notes. Either or both
editions of 1638 and 1646.
»*# Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, carriage, free, to be
sent to MESSRS. BELL & DALDY, Publishers of " .NOTES AND
QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.
Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct to
th« gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and ad-
dresses are given for that purpose :
LETTERS PROM PALMYRA. Type long primer, or larger.
POHTENSIAN INDEX TO THE Blum. Smith & Elder. (Two copies.)
POST OFFICE LONDON DIRECTORY. A late edition. Second-hand.
Wanted by Charles F. Blackburn, Bookseller, Leamington.
GAOSAIN'S LADY'S ASSISTANT IN KNITTIN®.
HAND BOOK OP GRAPHIC GEOMETRY. Tyas.
LAW JOURNAL FOR 1849 AND 1850.
COMMON PRATER. 12mo. 1852. Pickerir.
LAW JOURNAL. Parts for Oct., NOT., Dec.,
GUY'S HOSPITAL REPORTS. Part 2 of Vol. VII.
YOUNG'S TRAVELS IN FRANCE.
PLATT'S SELF INTERPRETING NEW TESTAMENT.
Wanted by Thos. Kerslake, Bristol.
1850.
W. & BECKETT'S, J«., UNIVERSAL BIOGRAPHY. INos. 143. to the end.
Mayhew. 1834.
OXFORD ALMANACK FOR 1713.
UNIVERSAL MAGAZINE FOR JANUARY, 1763.
MEMOIRS OF JOHN MARTYN.
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS FOR 1683.
Any Volumes of NOTES AND QUERIES. Old Series, in Numbers.
GOUGH'S BRITISH TOPOGRAPHY. Vols. I. & II.
Wanted by H. T. Bobart, Ashby-de-la-Zouch.
II. 's Retreat into Glamorganshire.
CAN A CLERGYMAN MARRY HIMSELF ? — E. W. D. , whose article on
this subject appeared in our 5th Volume, is requested to say where « letter
may be addressed to him.
T. V. wiH find much concerning St. Thomas of Lancaster in our 1st S.
i. 181. 234. ; ii. 182. 269. ; iii. 339.
A SUBSCRIBER AB INITIO is thanked for hi? suggestion, which 'shallre-
ceive our best attention.
C. R. (Oxford). We cannot undertake the invidious task of pointing
out where you can best procure photographic materials. Consult our
advertising columns.
N. who asks respecting the quotation, " A sunbeam passes through
pollution unpolluted," is referred to our last Volume, viz. 2nd S. i. 114
304, 442. 502.
" NOTES AND QUERIES " is published at noon on Friday, and is also
issued in MONTHLY PARTS. The subsection for STAMPED COPIES for-
warded direct from the Publishers (.including the Half-yearly INDEX) it
Us. \d., which may be paid by Post Office Order in favour of MESSRS.
BELL AND DALDY, 186. FLEET STREET; to ivliom also all COMMUNICATION*
FOR THB EDITOR should be, addressed.
PREPARING FOR IMMEDIATE PUBLICATION.
CHOICE NOTES
FROM
NOTES AND QUERIES,
Vol. I. — History.
It having been suggested that from the valuable materials scattered
through the FI LIST SERIES of NOTES AND QUERIES, a Selection
of Popular Volumes, each devoted to some particular subject, might
with advantage be prepared, arrangements have been made for that
purpose, and the FIRST VOLUME, containing a collection of interest-
ing HISTORICAL NOTES AND MEMORANDA, will be ready
very shortly.
This will be followed by similar volumes illustrative of BIOGRAPHY
LITERATURE, FOLK LORE, PROVERBS, BALLADS, ftc,
London ; BEW& DALDY. 186. Fleet Street,
S. NO 52., DEC. 27. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
501
LONDON, SATURDAY, DECEMBER 27, 1856.
DESCRIPTION OP A CURIOUS ILLUMINATED MANU-
SCRIPT RELATING TO THE PHILOSOPHER'S STONE.
{Concluded from p. 483.)
Then comes a large gold head of the sun, issuing
from (what I presume are intended for) clouds.
On either side are scrolls, on which are these
lines : —
" Like thy father that phebus soe bright
That sit soe highe in Maiestie
With his beames that shineth bright
In all plases whereuer he bee
For he is father too All thinges
Maintainer of lyfe too crop and Roote
And causeth nature for too spring
Why the Viffe being sote
For 'he is salue too euery sore
To bringe about e this precious worke
Take good heede into this lore
I say too lawes and too clarke
And Omogena is his name
Which God shaped with his hand
And Magnesia is his dame
Thou shalt verily vnderstand
Now I shall here Begine
For too teach the Redye waye
Or else little shalt thou weene
Take good heede what I saye."
" Divide phebus in Manye partes
With his beames that be so bright
And this with nature them coarte
The which is Mother of all lyghte
This phebus hath full Many'a name
Which is Now full hard too know
And but ye take the verye same
The phor's stone ye shall not know
Therefore I counsell ere ye begine
Know thou weVl what he bee
And that is thicke Make it thyn
For then it shall right well like the
Now vnderstand what I meane
And take good heede theretoo
Thy woork els shall litell seene
And turne to the full myckell wooe
As I have saide in this lore
Many a name I wisse he hath
Sum behinde and some before
As philosephers there him gaue."
From the sun are falling flakes of red and white.
Beneath is a crowned and human-headed eagle
biting at its wing, and standing on a globe, co-
vered with waves, in which are stuck eight feathers,
each one labelled " Aquila Spr Ana." At the
foot of the globe is a scroll, with these words :
" In the sea withouten lees
Stoude the Byrd of Hermes
Eating his winges variable
And maketh him selfe there full stable
When all his Virgis byre a gone
Hee stood still there as a stone
Here in sow both white and red
And allsoe the Stone too quicken the dead
All and same without an fable
Both hard and neche and malliable
Vnderstand now well a right
And thacke God of this sight."
Beneath these lines is a second scroll, on which
is written : " The Red Sea, The Red Soil. The
Red Elexir Vitae" And, beneath this, a third
scroll, inscribed: "THE BYRDE OF HERMES is MY
NAME EATING MY WINGS TO MAKE ME TAME."
Beneath this is a golden circle, with golden and
black rays. In the circle are three balls — red,
white, and black — linked together and labelled,
" The white stone, the red stone, the Elixir vite."
Beneath this is the crescent moon, golden and
black, labelled " Luna Crescane." This is held in
the mouth of a dragon, whose twisted tail is also
passed through his mouth ; who stands upon a
winged globe, voiding over it crimson drops. On
the lower part of the globe are three black balls.
Beneath is a scroll, on which is written :
" I shall now tell without leesinge
How and what is my generation
Omogenie is my father
And Magnesia is my mother
And Azocke truly is my syster
And Rebirt forsooth is my brother
The serpent of Araby is my name
The which is Leader of all this Game
That sumetime was woucle and wilde
And now I am both meeke and milde
The sune and moone with their might
Hath chased me that was so light
My winges that me braughte
Hether and thether where I thought
And with their might they downe pull
And bringeth me whether they wull
The bloode of my harte I wisse
Now causeth both ioye and blisse
And desolueth the verie stone
And kniteth him or he hath done
Now maketh hard that was light
Causeth him too ben fixte
Of my bloode and water I wisse
Plentie in all the world there is
It renneth in euery place
Who him finde might haue grace
In the world he renueth ouer all
And goeth rounde as a balle
But thou vnderstand well this
Of thy worke thou shallt misse
Therfore know ere thou begine
What he is and all his kynn
Many a name he hath full suer
And all is but on nature
Thou must part him a three
And them knit as the trinitie
And make them all three but one
Loe here is the philosephers stone."
Beneath this scroll is another, on which is
written, —
" In the name of the Trinitie
Harke here and ye shall see
Myne Author that formith this warke
Both first last breye and darke
Some of them I shall you tell
Both in Rime and in spell ;
502
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd g. NO 52., DEC. 27. '56.
Mallapides plat and peion
And the book* of turba philosephorum
Both Aristotle Geber and Hermes
Also Lully Morien and Rosaries
Bonelles Raymondus and Albert
Arnold and Percy the Muncke soe blacky
Aros and Rasces and allso Dessrima
The sister of Moises Mary prophitis
Baken also the Grate Clarke
Firmith I wisse all this worke
All these accordeth now in one
That here is the philosophers stone
Otherwise it may not bee
Vnderstand this I counsell the
And praye thou God of his grace
That thou maest haue tyme and space
Too haue the troth of this parrable
Thancke thou God that is so stable
For many a man desireth this
* * Pope Empror * * I wisse
Prest and Clarke and alsoe frier
And not so * but the very begger
Now Jesus * it be thy will
Kepe vs from the paine of hell
And as thou madest dales
Bring vs to the blese of heauen
All maner good men in his degree
Amen amen for Charitie."
(Towards the end of these lines are a few words
that are partially obliterated by the rolling and
unrolling of the manuscript.)
The scroll on which these lines are written is
held by two figures (eight inches in height), a
king and a beggar. The king has a scarlet robe
over a blue one, white hair and long beard, a
crown, and a golden staff. The beggar is in
ragged grey and blue clothes, with a hood ; a
small bag (or purse) on his right side, a scarlet
belt slung over his right shoulder, supporting a
bag on his left side. His legs are half naked, he
has loose stockings, and black boots. Under his
right arm is a long staff terminating in a horse's
hoof, and having a scroll folded round its upper
part. Below these figures is the following line,
which would appear to be the moral of the whole,
" Si Queras In Merdis Secreta Philosophorum
Expensum Perdis Opera Tempus Que Laborem."
CUTHBEET BEDE, B.A.
EDWARD II. S EETREAT INTO GLAMORGANSHIRE.
In the first volume of The Lives of the Lord
Chancellors and Keepers of the Great Seal of
England, by Lord Campbell, there are errors of
some importance, which should be rectified in the
new edition now preparing for publication. These
errors are contained in the following extracts
from the work*, and relate to some of the last
events in the life of Edward II.
"On the 20th of October 1326, the King having gone
away with Hugh le Despencer to Ireland and left the
realm without any government, the prelates, earls, barons,
* Pages 204. and 205. of the second edition.
and knights assembled at Bristol and chose Edward the
King's son, Gustos of the kingdom whilst his father con-
tinued absent. On the same day the Prince assumed the
government and issued the necessary legal proceedings
under his privy seal, « because he had no other for the
purpose.'
" When the King returned from Ireland he found him-
self already dethroned. The Queen was now in the en-
joyment of supreme power. She kept her husband in
close confinement, hypocritically pretending to lament his
misfortunes. She pretended to associate the Prince her
son with herself in the government ; and she contrived
to get the Great Seal into her possession, which consider-
ably facilitated her proceedings, for less respect was paid
by the multitude to the
used.
ic privy seal which she had hitherto
"The Bishop of Hereford was sent to the King at
Kenilworth, with a deceitful message, to request that he
would give such directions respecting the Great Seal as
were necessary for the conservation of the peace, and the
due administration of justice. The King, without friend
or adviser, said he would send the Seal to his Queen and
son, not only for these purposes, but likewise for matters
of grace. He then handed the Great Seal to Sir William
le Blount, who on the 30th of November delivered it to
the Queen and the Prince ; but the Queen had the un-
controlled dominion over it. She pretended to hand it
over to Ayremyne, the Master of the Rolls, as Keeper,
and she employed it to summon a parliament at West-
minster, in her husband's name, for the purpose of de-
posing him. According to the tenour of the writs under
the Great Seal, the parliament was to be held before the
King, if he should be present ; and if not before Isabel,
the Queen-consort, and Edward, the King's son."
The errors referred to are contained in the pre-
ceding extracts, and a brief notice of the military
writs issued by Edward after the hostile landing
of Isabella will prove that he did not go to Ire-
land, but that his flight was into Glamorganshire
in South Wales.
Isabella landed near Harwich on September
25, 1326, and on October 10, military writs were
tested by Edward at Gloucester, calling out with
the utmost expedition levies from the Marches
and Borders of Wales. (Rot. Pat. 20 Edw. II.
M. 12.) On October 12, the King was at Westbury,
near Newnham. (See Patent Rolls, M. 12. of that
date.) On the 14th and 15th he was at Tintern,
where he appointed Thomas de Bradeston to the
custody of Berkeley Castle. On October 16, the
King was at Striguil Castle, where he remained a
few days. On Monday the 20th he empowered
Hugh le Despenser, Edmond Hacluit, and Bogo
de Knoyville, to seize the castles of Grosmont,
Skenfreth, and Whitcastle, whilst John Bennet
was directed to seize the castle of Monmouth.
On Monday, October 27, the King was at Cardiff,
still taking measures to cover his retreat. At
Cardiff the King appointed Howell ap Yorwerth
ap Griffith and Howell ap David to raise the
whole population of Maghay [Magor] and Went-
Iwg. Writs, of the same date, were addressed to
Evan ap Meuric and Evan ap Morgan for Nethes-
land and Kilvey, and various other individuals
received similar appointments for the different
2«a S. NO 52., DEC. 27. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
503
districts of Glamorganshire. Commissions were
also issued for Usk and Abergavenny and the ad-
joining territories of Monmouthshire. (Rot. Pat.
20 Edward II. M. 7.)
On October 28, another writ is tested by the
King at Cardiff, ordering the levy of 400 foot
soldiers of the land of Glamorgan. From Cardiff
the King removed to Caerphilly, whence on Oc-
tober 29 and 30 he issued commissions giving ex-
tensive powers for raising forces in Pembrokeshire,
Glamorganshire, and Monmouthshire. On Nov.
4, he arrived at Margam, granted or confirmed the
manor of Kenton to the abbot, and issued a writ
directing the guarding of the coast and sea-ports
against his enemies and rebels. The following
day, November 5, the King was at Neath, and
tested at that place a writ for raising all the
forces of Gower, both horse and foot. (Rot. Pat.
20 Edward II., R. 7.) On Nov. 10, the King issued
at Neath a safe-conduct for the Abbot of Neath,
Rees ap Griffith, Edward de Bohun, Oliver of
Bourdeaux, and John de Harsik, as envoys to
Isabella. This document is given in the Patent
Rolls in the Tower. (Fcedera, p. 647. vol. ii. part
1. edit. 1818.) The seizure of the unfortunate
King took place on Sunday, November 16, and he
was yielded up to the charge of Henry of Lan-
caster. Edward was then removed to Monmouth,
and there, on Nov. 20, delivered up the Great
Seal to Sir Wm. le Blount, who gave it up to the
Queen at Martley, in Worcestershire, on Nov. 26,
1326. On the 30th of that month, Edward II.
was at Ledbury, and not at Kenilworth.
In tracing the retreat of Edward after the
landing of Isabella, the Public Records are un-
answerable evidence, and I would briefly contrast
the facts of the case with Lord Campbell's state-
ments. Edward's flight was into Glamorganshire,
not to Ireland; Edward gave up the Great Seal at
Monmouth, not at Kenilworth ; and Sir Wm. le
Blount delivered it up to the Queen and her son
on the 26th, not on November 30.
For the information contained in the preceding
remarks I am indebted to a valuable paper read
to the Neath Institution in 1849, by the Rev.
H. H. Knight, B.D., Rector of Newton Nottage,
Glamorganshire, " On the Retreat of Edward II.
into Glamorganshire, A.D. 1326."
I offer no apology for the length of my com-
munication, as it could not properly be curtailed.
Historic errors should be promptly corrected ; the
erroneous statement of one historian is copied by
his successor, and errors are thus permanently
ingrafted on the historic records of a country.
History should realise Plato's description of the
Supreme Being, " truth is his body, and light his
shadow." R.
Cae Wern, Glamorganshire.
BACON AND SHAKSPEARE.
Advancement of Learning :
" Poetry is nothing else but feigned history."
Twelfth Night, Act I. Sc. 2. :
" Viola. Tig poetical.
Olivia. It is the more likely to be feigned."
As You Like It, Act III. Sc. 7. :
" The truest poetry is the most feigning."
On Buildings :
;' He that builds a fair house upon an ill seat commit-
teth himself to prison ; neither do I reckon that an ill
seat only, where the air is unwholesome, but likewise
where it is unequal."
Macbeth, Act I. Sc. 6. :
" This castle hath a pleasant seat — the air
Nimbly and sweetly recommends itself
Unto our gentle senses."
Advancement of Learning :
" Behaviour seemeth to me a garment of the mind, and
to have the conditions of a garment. For it ought to be
made in fashion, it ought not to be too curious."
Hamlet, Act I. Sc. 3. :
" Costly thy habit as thy purse can buy,
But not exprest in fancy."
Advancement of Learning :
" In the third place I set down reputation, because of
the peremptory tides and currents it hath, which, if they
be not taken in due time, are seldom recovered, it being
extreme hard to play an after game of reputation."
Julius Caesar, Act IV. Sc. 3. :
" There is a tide in the affairs of men
Which taken at the flood leads on to fortune :
Omitted, all the voyage of their life
Is bound in shallows and in miseries."
Advancement of Learning :
" Is not the opinion of Aristotle worthy to be regarded,
where he saith that young rmen are not fit auditors of
moral philosophy, because they are not settled from the
boiling heat of their affections, nor attempered by time
and experience."
Troilus and Cressida, Act II. Sc. 3. :
" Not much
Unlike young men, whom Aristotle thought
Unfit to hear moral philosophy."
Aristotle quoted incorrectly in both these pas-
sages. He says political, not moral, philosophy.
Apophthegms :
Bacon relates that a fellow named Hog iropor-
504
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
[2t»d s. N<> 52., DEC. 27. '56.
tuned Sir Nicholas to save his life on account of
the kindred between Hog and Bacon.
" 'Aye, but,' replied the judge, 'You and I cannot be
kindred except you be banged ; for Hog is not Bacon
until it be well hanged.' "
Merry Wives of Windsor :
« Evans. King — Hang — Hog.
S. Quickly. Hang Hog — is the Latin for Bacon."
On Cunning :
" For there be many men that have secret hearts, but
transparent countenances."
Henry IV.:
" The cheek
Is apter than the tongue to tell an errand."
Collection of Sentences :
" He that hath a satirical vein, as he maketh others
afraid of his wit, so he had need be afraid of other's me-
mories."
Henry VI. :
"An insult, when we think it is forgotten,
Is written in the book of memory,
E'en in the heart, to scourge our apprehensions."
Interpretation of Nature :
" Yet evermore it must be remembered, that the least
part of knowledge passed to man by this so large a char-
ter from God — must be subject to that use for which God
hath granted it, which is the benefit and relief of the state
id society of man."
Measure for Measure, Act I. Sc. 2. :
" Nature never lends
The smallest scruple of her excellence;
But, like a thrifty goddess, she determines
Herself the glory of a creditor,
Both use and thanks."
On Adversity :
"It is more pleasing to have a lively work upon a sad
and solemn errand, than to have a dark and melancholy
work upon a lightsome errand."
Henry IV.:
" Bright metals on a sullen errand
Will show more goodly and attract more eyes
Than that which hath no foil to set it off."
Note the peculiar use of the words knee and
chew.
Life of Henry VII. :
" As his victory gave him the knee, so his purposed
marriage witli the Lady Elizabeth gave him the heart, so
that, both knee and heart did truly bow before him."
Ric. II. " Show heaven the humbled heart and not the
knee."
Hamlet. "tAnd crook the pregnant hinges of the knee."
On Studies :
" Some books are to be tasted, and some few chewed
and digested."
Julius C&sar, Act I. :
" Till then, my noble friend, chew upon this ;
Brutus had rather be a villager."
Trench says " essays " was a new word in Bacon's
time, and his use of it quite novel. Bacon thus
writes of his Essays :
" Which I have called Essays. The word is late, though
the thing is ancient."
Mrs. Clarke, in her Concordance, reports the
word Essay as occurring twice in Shakspeare,—-
which indeed is true of Knijjht's Shakspeare ; but
it only occurs once in the Folio of 1623, in rela-
tion to Edgar's letter to Edmund, in Lear. Ed-
mund says, —
" I hope, for my brother's justification, he wrote this
but as an Essay or task of my nature."
I have not included the example furnished by
your correspondent. The allusion to " perspec-
tives" in Richard II. and the simile of Actseon in
Twelfth Night are worthy of remark.
I send these in the hope that your correspon-
dents will add to them. W. H. S.
Brompton, Middlesex.
Was Lord Bacon the Author of Shakspeare 's
Plays? — Those who hold the opinion that Lord
Bacon was the author, -as was suggested in a book
reviewed by you some weeks since, may obtain an
argument in favour of their views by referring to
Selections by Basil Montagu, Pickering, pp. 174,
175., where are quoted passages from the Troilus
and Cressida of the one and the Tract on Edu-
cation of the other, which are, to say the least,
very curious from their resemblance and juxta-
position. They occur as foot-notes to an extract
from Dr. South' s Sermons, and are as follows :
Troilus and Cressida :
"Paris and Troilus, you have both said well ;
And on the cause and question now in hand
Have glozed, but superficially ; not much
Unlike young men, whom Aristotle thought
Unfit to hear Moral Philosophy :
The reasons you allege do more conduce
To the hot passion of distempered blood,
Than to make up a free determination
'Twixt right and wrong ; " &c.
Bacon expresses himself thus :
" Is it not a wise opinion of Aristotle, and worthy to be
regarded, that young men are no fit auditors of Moral Phi-
losophy, because the boiling heat of their affections is not
yet settled nor attempered by time and experience. And . . .
doth it not hereof come that those excellent books and
discourses of ancient writers . . . are of so litile effect
towards honesty of life, and the reformation of corrupt
manners; because they are not to be read and revolved
by men mature in yeaVs and judgment, but are left and
confined only to boys and beginners."
2»* S. NO 52., DEC. 27. '56.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
505
The coincidence in argument is at any rate sin-
gularly strong, and may be worthy of record in
" N. & Q." among the minor " Curiosities of Li-
terature."
R. SLOCOMRE.
MILTON'S PROSE WORKS BY SYMMONS.
In 1806 appeared the following :
« The Prose Works of John Milton, with a Life of the
Author, interspersed with Translations and Critical Re-
marks by Charles Symmons, D.D., of Jesus College, Ox-
ford. In Seven Volumes."
A copy of the work in the Cambridge Uni-
versity Library (N"n. 4. 54—60.) contains the
following notes in the handwriting of Dr. Sym-
mons :
" As from the arrangement of this title-page the Reader
may be led into an error respecting the person who edited
this edition of Milton's P. VV., I think it right to declare
that I had no concern whatever in the management of the
publication, and never saw one of its sheets till the work
finally issued from the press.
" CHARLES SYMMONS.
"N.B. — The seventh volume was constituted by my
Life of the Author, which is now in a separate state.
« C. S."
Dr. Symmons was originally of Clare Hall,
Cambridge, and is mentioned in the late Mr. Gun-
ning's Reminiscences, i. 311.
THOMPSON COOPER.
Cambridge.
CORPORATE AND PAROCHIAL RECORDS.
There can be but little doubt as to the proba-
bility of what is stated in the two last paragraphs
of INA'S communication (2nd S. ii. 185, 186.), that
much correct and valuable historical information
might be brought to light by a careful examination
and perusal of old Corporate and Parochial Re-
cords, as INA has found from his own experience.
I also can speak from experience, and confirm
what he says ; for shortly after the Municipal
Corporations Reform Act passed, I had to arrange,
examine, and catalogue the whole of the records
and other documents belonging to the corporation
of Andover, Hants, — one of the most ancient cor-
porations in the kingdom. Their existing charters
extend back to 2nd John [1201] ; their council
books in an unbroken series from 2 Edw. III.
[1327] to the present time, and many of their deeds,
court books, and other documents, are equally an-
cient. And here I may perhaps be permitted to
correct an error that generally exists in works
which mention the town of Andover, viz. that the
corporation is supposed to be as ancient as the time
of King John. Now there is no need of any sup-
position at all in the case, as the corporation has
two of the charters granted to it by King John.
I have seen them ; and more, in one of them is a
confirmation of charters granted to the town by
Henry II. and Richard I. !
Most people will agree with IN A, that more care
should be taken of corporate and parochial re-
cords^ I would suggest that the authorities of
the different cities, towns, and parishes should
have their records thoroughly examined and ar-
ranged, and proper catalogues made of them.
The following is an exact copy of an original
letter I found in Andover town chest, written by
the Earl of Leicester (Elizabeth's favourite), who
was then High Steward of the Borough, to the
corporation of that town : —
" After my hartie commendacons. Whereas it hath
pleased her Matie to appointe a Parliament to be pre-
sentlie called: being Steward of yor Towne, I make
bould hartilie to praye you that you will give me the
nomination of one of yor Burgesses for the same. And yf
mynding to avoyde the chardges of allowance for the
other Burgesse, you meane to name anie that is not of
yor towne, yf you will bestowe the nomination of the
other Burgesse also upon me, I will thank you for it ; and
will both appointe a sufficient man, and see you dis-
charged of all chardges in that behaulfe; and so* praying
yor speadie answere herein, I thus bid you right hartelie
farewell, from the Courte the xijth of October, 1584.
" Yor Loving Frende
" R. LEYCESTER.
" If you will send me yor election
wth a blanck, I will putt in
the names.
" To my very loving frends the Bayliefes, Aldermen,
and the rest of the Town of Andover."
This letter needs no comment.
In the 41st Elizabeth [1599], the last and
governing charter was granted to Andover. After
confirming previous charters, it proceeds to con-
fer many great and ample privileges on the town,
and, amongst others, a weekly Court of Record
for the recovery of debt and damage to the
amount of forty pounds ! This, at a time when
the highest sum recoverable in local courts was
generally forty shillings. W. H. W. T.
Somerset House.
Curious Misprint in Sparrow's " Collection of
the Articles" Sfc. — In reading, a few days since,
the Denison Judgment, I was led to refer to
Sparrow's Collection of the Articles, Canons, Or-
di?iances, SfC., of the Church of England.
Mine is "4th edition, A.D. 1684," and contains
perhaps as perverse and curious a misprint in
one of the Articles bearing on this case MS could
well be devised. The apropos blunders of prin-
ters are sometimes amusing. The blunder of the
printer in 1684 might have been supposed a pro-
vidential slip to give the defendant in 1856 a peg
whereon to hang a defensive plea.
The 28th Article in English contains a declara-
506
AND QUERIES.
[2nd s. NO 52., DEC. 27. '5G.
tion, that "the Sacrament was not by Christ's
ordinance worshipped" (p. 101.). Referring to
the Latin original of the same Article, I find the
passage runs thus :
" Sacramentutn Eucharistias ex institutione Christ!
nee odorabatur."
A. much less perverse mode of interpretation
than has been applied to the Articles on other
points might here raise an argument on behalf
of Archdeacon Denison, that it was "incensing"
or "smelling" to the elements, and not adoring
them, that the Article prohibited. A. B. R.
Belmont.
Dagger Money. — The corporation of Newcastle-
upon-Tyne are bound to entertain the Judges of
Assize, and to protect them to Carlisle. The
latter duty they perform by presenting each of
the judges with a gold twenty-shilling piece of
Charles I. to buy a dagger, and the money so
given is called "dagger-money." They always
present it in the coinage of Charles I., for which
they sometimes have to pay high prices, when it
happens to be scarce in the numismatic market.
This ceremony of payment was duly performed at
the autumn assizes of this present year, A.D.
1856. F. S.
Inedited Poetry by Burns. — When Burns was
in Edinburgh, he was introduced by a friend to
the studio of a well-known painter, whom he
found engaged on a representation of " Jacob's
dream." After minutely examining the work, he
wrote the following verse on the back of a little
sketch, which is still preserved in the painter's
family. The verse is so very characteristic of the
man, that I venture to send it to " N. & Q." for
embalment.
" Dear I'll gie ye some advice,
You'll tak it no uncivil ;
You shouldna paint at. Angels man,
But try and paint the Divil.
To paint an Angel's kittle wark,
Wi' auld Nick there's less danger ;
You'll easy paint a weel-kent face,
But no sa weel a stranger."
w.
The Origin of Stained Glass. — My dressing-
room has a window towards the east, much co-
vered by foliage, at this season gay with autumnal
tints. Viewed from the adjoining chamber these
brilliant mornings, the golden rays of the sun
falling on the faded and transparent leaves
sparkling with dew, the general appearance is as
if the window were glazed with painted glass.
C.T.
Norwood.
Meaning of "Unkempt" — I am sorry to appear
as an opponent to any statement of Dr. Johnson's ;
but might I not suggest that the word unkempt
(which he takes from the old word to kem, now to
comb,) is really taken from the fact of one John
Kemp having brought the art of weaving into
England in the year 1331 : and thus the word
means "unwoven," and so "uncombed," — in the
same manner as the term "macadamise" or
" burke," &c., are derived ? K.
On a Bastard Child murdered by its Mother. —
Epitaph from The Student, vol. i. p. 118. : —
" Love, spite of Honor's dictates, gave thee breath ;
Honor, in spite of Love, pronounced thy death."
Idem, Latine.
" Spreta jussit Amor Fama te, parvule, nasci;
Famaque te, spreto jussit Amore, mod."
Y. B. N. J.
Omissions of the " Biographie Universelle," and
the " Supplement.'" — In reading history one is
often induced to refer to biographical dictionaries
for fuller details, or for memoirs of the persons
introduced sur le tapis. We have of these works
very good specimens, as far as they go, in the
Biog. Brit., Chalmers and Gorton ; but the very
copious French Biographie Universelle, with its
Supplement, leaves very far behind all other works
of that description. Having this presentiment, I
must declare I have lately been singularly disap-
pointed. The year 1759 was distinguished by two
as gallant English naval victories as have ever
been recorded ; and both within the space of three
months of each other. On Monday, August 20,
1759, Admiral Boscawen defeated M. de la Clue,
who in L'Ocean of 80 guns commanded the grand
fleet of France ; and on Tuesday, Nov. 20, of the
same year, Hawke gained his superb victory over
M. de Conflans, who in Le Soleil Royal of 80
guns commanded the fleet of Louis XV. M. de
la Clue, on the 20th August, behaved as a brave
high-spirited admiral, was wounded in the action,
and died in consequence of those wounds. The
conduct of M. de Conflans was diametrically op-
posite to that of M. de la Clue, and so dastardly
was it considered, that in France it was derisively
called " La Bataille de M. Conflans," according to
Charles Lacretelle.* But to return to my sub-
ject, from which I have, in explanation, digressed,
I would observe that neither in the Biographie
Universelle or Le Supplement, can I find any
memoires of either De la Clue or Le Marechal de
Conflans, as he was styled. 3>.
Richmond, Surrey.
"Bantering,'" "buffooning" " alarum? d" "cabi-
net.'11— In accordance with DR. TRENCH'S sugges-
tion, I send a contribution towards ascertaining the
period of the introduction of particular words into
* See Histoire de France pendant le dix-huitieme Siecle,
par Charles Lacretelle, 14 tomes, 4>&me edition, Paris,
1819—1826, tome 3L&me, pp. 365—367.
2 ad s. NO 52., DEC. 27. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
507
our language. In Anthony a Wood's Life (under
A.D. 1649), he speaks of a certain Mr. Anthony
Hodges, who, " delighting himself in mirth, and in
that which was afterwards called buffooning and
bantering, could never be brought to set pen to
paper," &c. (p. 43., edit. Bliss, Eccles. Hist. Soc.).
Again, A.D. 1652 :
" Thomas was a good soldier, stout and ventrous, and
having an art of merriment called buffooning." — Ibid.,
p. 53.
Again, A.D. 1678 :
" The banterers of Oxford (a set of scholars so called,
some M.A.), who make it their employment to talk at a
venture, lye, and prate what nonsense they please; if
they see a man talk seriously, they talk floridly nonsense,
and care not what he says ; this is like throwing a cushion
at a man's head, that pretends to be grave and wise." —
Ibid. p. 204.
Poor Anthony evidently spoke from a personal
experience of such bantering. Of these new words
we have retained one, and dispensed with the other.
In the same work, A.D. 1645, we have the early
form of another common word :
" The next great disturbance, whereby A. W. and his
fellow sojourners were alarum'd at Thame, was this." —
Ibid., p. 23.
Again, in Wood Freshman's speech, made A.D.
1647, which plays on the new phrases and hu-
mours of the day, we have :
" Neither was I ever admitted into the cabinet councils
of the Pyerian dames." — Ibid., p. 37.
— the same word of which the original introduc-
tion seven years before is indicated by Clarendon,
who says (Hist. RebelL, book ii.), in speaking of
the ministry of Charles I., in 1640:
" These persons made up the Committee of State,
which was reproachfully after called the junto, and, en-
viously then in the Court the cabinet council"
A. S. E. P.
" SUICERI THESAURUS.
I should wish to ascertain, from some gentle-
man who has had an opportunity of comparing
the two editions of this valuable work, whether
there be any real and important superiority in
the second edition of 1728, over the first edition
of 1682 ? There is, I know, a considerable dif-
ference made between them in the booksellers'
catalogues, — the second edition being generally
double the price of the first. And yet I cannot
help thinking that there is no great difference
between them. A bookseller once showed me a
copy of the second edition, which he had marked
41. 10s. ; and when I inquired what could occa-
sion so great a difference of value between the
two editions, he pointed out two or three printed
leaves at the end, which appeared to me to be
corrections, or cures posterior es, certainly of no
great bulk, and perhaps of no very great im-
portance. Now this is the point which it is de-
sirable to know, from some one who has had an
opportunity and leisure carefully to compare and
examine the two editions. One would suppose
from the statement of Moreri, that such important
additions had been made to the second edition, in
1728, and the whole so remodelled, as to give it
the character of a new work. His words are :
" II a e'te' re'imprime' a Amsterdam en 1728, avec beau-
coup de corrections, et un plus grand N ombre d'Augmen-
tations qui en font un ouvrage tout nouveau, et 1'un des
plus utiles qui ait paru depuis long-temps."
But when I consider that the first edition was
the result of twenty years' assiduous labour, and
that it was afterwards retained in his study,
under his revision and correction, for ten years
longer before it was sent to press, and that he
died within four years after its publication, it
does not appear probable this great work could
undergo such important change as the words
of Moreri would seem to indicate. And it would
be desirable to learn the opinion of some careful
examiner. IGNATIUS.
Daniel Bellamy. — Could you give me any in-
formation regarding Daniel Bellamy, of St. John's
College, Oxford, author of a volume containing
Original Poems and Translations : London, 8vo.,.
1722; The Young Ladies' Miscellany, &c.. 1723.
He also published, in conjunction with his son,
Miscellanies in Prose and Verse, 2 vols., 12mo.,
1746. By Messrs. D. Bellamy, sen. and jun.
Mr. B.'s son, the Rev. Daniel Bellamy, was
minister of Kew and Petersham, in Surrey, and
vicar of St. Stephen's, near St. Alban's, Herts.
The inscription on his tombstone (which I saw not
long since in Kew churchyard) records his death
in his seventy-first year, on February 15, 1788.
11. INGLIS.
Blood Royal. — I dare say many will convict me
an ignoramus for the following Queries ; but I
cannot help it, and freely confess that I am an
ignoramus.
I want to know what it is that constitutes
" blood royal ? " How far does it ascend and^de-
scend the genealogical tree ?
If the present Duke of Cambridge, for instance,
should have any children (legitimate), would they
be considered " blood royal ? "
Is Napoleon HI. reckoned among the royal
blood ? If so, on what principle ?
Does a mere title constitute Aristocracy ? If
so, to what class do the un titled beau monde be-
long?
508
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2n*s. NO 52., DEC. 27. '56.
I have heard that Prince Albert was made
"royal" by an Act of parliament, or the Queen in
Council." Could the Queen in Council, or an Act
of Parliament, make you or me, or one of the
ignobile vulgus, blood royal ? GEORGE LLOYD.
Indian War Medal. — I have a silver war medal,
the size of half-a-crown, but thicker. The ob-
verse : Britannia seated, with emblems of war ;
in her left hand the hasta, in her right an olive or
laurel crown, with the arm extended towards a
fortress in the distanqe. The reverse : legend and
inscription on field, in Indian characters. The
execution is not that of a Wyon. There is a loop,
or eye, clumsily attached, for a cord or ribbon.
When was this medal distributed ? and for what
action or service ? R. H. B.
Bath.
" Terentiarms Christianas." — I should be glad
to have some information respecting the author,
and the comparative value and estimation of the
following work :
"Terentianus Christianas, sea Comoediae Sacrae Sex,
Terentiano Stylo a Cornelio Schonaeo Goudano, con-
scriptse. Colonize, apud Gerardum Greuenbruch. Anno
M.D.XCIX. . . ."
s. s. s.
Defoe Queries. — In the dedication and preface
of Defoe's Jure Dimno, I find a difficulty or two,
which, perhaps, some one of your correspondents
can resolve.
The satire is dedicated "to the most serene,
most invincible, most illustrious Lady, Reason,"
whom he styles " governess of the fifteen provinces
of speech." What can this mean ?
Again, in the preface he writes, —
"What would a king of any policy answer? I know-
not, indeed, but if I were to make an answer for him, it
should be, Salisbury for that, I'll not venture you."
Who or what is Salisbury ? LETHREDIENSIS.
" Ivar" a Tragedy. — Who is the author of
Ivar, a tragedy, printed at Exeter in 1785 ?
R. INGLIS.
Family of Newton, of Cheshire and Sussex, and
Erneley, of Sussex and Wilts. — William Newton
of Southover married the daughter (who ob.
1590) and coheiress of Erneley of Erneley,
according to the pedigree in the Visitation of
Sussex.* And it appears by the Fine Rolls that
Nicholas and George Newton, his grandsons, sold
the manor of Erneley to Abraham Edwards in
1630. (Mich. 7 Car. I.)
* In 1573 there was a fine between Nicholas Newton
(son of William Newton), plaintiff, and Francis Cot-
ton and Mary his wife, and Galfrid Poole and Katherine
his wife, deforciants, of ^th part of the manor, with thirty
messuages, land, &c. in Brighton, Lewes, and Alberton.
Did these deforciants represent the other coheiresses ?
I have been unable to discover whose daughter
this heiress was. Is there any pedigree of the
Erneley family which will supply the information?
MEMOR.
Sugar-Loaf Mountains, co. Wicklow : " The
Golden Spears" — Will any of your antiquarian
readers in Ireland state on what authority it has
been frequently asserted that the Sugar-loaf Moun-
tains, co. Wicklow, were called in Irish " The
Golden Spears," and also give the Irish name
itself? In a descriptive article published a few
years ago in the Dublin University Magazine, I
recollect having seen this name, but am not now-
able to find the passage. It would be pleasant to
have some authentic foundation for an appellation
so fanciful, and, as far as the greater Sugar-loaf
Mountain at least is concerned, so well merited.
ANON.
The Diamond Hock. — When the French cap-
tured this in 1805, there was a court-martial held
on the officer in command for the loss of H. M.'s
late sloop " Diamond Rock ; " yet I have been led
to think that the rock in question was a small
island fort. Can any of your correspondents ex-
plain this matter ? E. H. D. D.
Irish High Sheriffs. — Can you guide me to any
list, printed or in manuscript, of the high sheriffs
of counties in Ireland during the seventeenth and
eighteenth centuries ? ABHBA.
Madame de Fontevrault. — In Un Sermon sous
Louis XIV., by Bungener, at the close of the
eighth chapter, Madame de Fontevrault, a sister
of Madame Montespan, is introduced ; and a foot-
note, a quotation from Saint Simon, says :
" Quoiqu'elle cut ete faite religieuse plus que tres
cavalierement, sa regularite e'tait exacte dans son abbaye."
What were the circumstances that seem to have
forced her to become a nun ? G. R. B.
Boston, Mass.
Skating. —
" Sur un mince chrystal 1'hiver conduit leur pas
Le precipice est sous la glace:
Telle est de nos plaisirs la legere surface !
Glissez raortels ; n'appuyez pas."
Thus translated (I believe) by Dr. Johnson :
" O'er the ice the rapid skater flies,
With sport above and death below,
Where mischief lurks in gay disguise,
Thus lightly touch, and quickly go."
The original lines were, I find, from a Common-
place Book, written under an old print; but I
have no means of discovering who the author was.
Could any of your contributors kindly tell me?
J. B. WILKINSON.
Weston Rectory.
2nd S. NO 52., DEC. 27. '56.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
509
Wages sum. — Vice Chancellor Wood, in giving
judgment in Alston tt. Tilbury Railway Co., last
week, stated that he hud made search, but could
not find any means of ascertaining what was the
correct interpretation of this word. It was used
in an old grant produced, of right to the sea-
shore and oyster grounds, &c. Can any readers
of " N. & Q." throw light on it ?
A. HOLT WHITE.
RuffJiead'x " Pope,1' with Warburton's Notes. —
Will the present possessor of Ruffhead's Life of
Pope, with Bp. Warburton's MS. Notes, kindly
communicate his name and address t6 the REV.
F. KILVERT, Claverton Lodge, Bath ?
iftttior &u*rietf JnttJj
St. Vedast alias Foster. — Can any of your nu-
merous readers inform me what connexion there
is between the word Vedast, or a saint of that
name, and the more modern cognomen of Foster ?
In old deeds they are used as synonymous.
T. B. S.
Bridport.
[We ma}T as well give the conjecture quoted by New-
court in his Repertorium, although it is not very satis-
factory : " The parish church of St. Vedast. is sometimes
called St. Foster's, though by the way Mr. R. Smith, in
his fore-cited manuscript, saith, that he finds not in any
author the name of St. Foster given to any saint, there-
fore rather conceives that it was first given, either from
the street where situate, or from some eminent man there
dwelling, perhaps, if not the founder, yet so«ie special
benefactor to this church or place." Alban Butler, in his
Lives of the Saints, comes nearer the mark. ," Our an-
cestorsi" he says, " had a particular devotion to St. Ve-
dast, whom they called St. Foster, whence descends the
family name of Foster, as Camden takes notice in his
Remains." ~[
Bakers " Chronicle.'" — Can any of your nume-
rous readers tell me the value of this as a work of
historical reference? and whether the abridged
and amended edition of 1730 is superior to those
that preceded it ? HERBERT.
[No writer, perhaps, has received a greater amount of
ridicule than this worthy knight ; and. that, too, in spite
of the panegyric of his own Chronicle, " that it is collected
with so great care and diligence, that if all other of our
Chronicles were lost, this only would be sufficient to
inform posterity of all passages memorable, or worthy to
be known." Sir Roger de-Coverley, as is well known, so
highly estimated it, that it formed part of the furniture in
the hall of his country-seat ; and his visit to Westminster
Abbey aiforded him an opportunity of doing justice to
Sir Richard, although he observed with some surprise,
that « he had a great many kings in him whose monu-
ments he had not seen in the Abbey ! " Addison's hu-
mour was not forgotten by Fielding when writing his
Joseplt Andrews . " Joey told Mr. Abraham Adams that
ever since he was in Sir Thomas Booby's family, he had
employed all his hours of leisure in reading good books;
and that as often as he could, without being perceived, he
had studied a great good book which lay open in the hall
window, where he had read as how the devil had carried
away half a church in sermon time, without hurting one
of the congregation; and as how a field of corn run down
a hill with all the trees upon it, and covered another
man's meadow. This sufficiently assured Mr. Adams that
the great book meant could be no other than Baker's
Chronicle ! " Anthony k Wood, however, " to save the
bacon " of this pious knight, styles him " a noted writer,"
and endeavours to inspire his readers with a reverence for
his character. The late Daines Barrington, too, is found
among his apologists. " Baker," says he, " is by no
means so contemptible a writer as he is generally sup-
posed to be; it is believed that the ridicule on this
Chronicle arises fjjom its being part of the furniture of Sir
Roger de Coverley's hall." On the other hand, those
matter-of-fact bibliopolists, Bishop Nicolson and Dr.
Dibdin, condemn it as " a riimsy performance," and "fit
only to please the rabble." The edition of 1730 and 1733,
which seem to be one and the same, excepting a fresh
title to the latter, was edited by Edward Phillips, the
nephew of Milton, and is considered by the booksellers as
the editio princeps ; though the earlier ones, particularly
that of 1641, contain many curious documents omitted by
Phillips.]
Singular Tenure. — I was whiting a leisure hour
the other evening in looking over Camden's Bri-
tannia, when I met with the following curious
paragraph under " Suffolk : "
" Hemingston in qua tenuit terras Baldwinus, lePeteur
(notato mihi nomen), per Seriantiam (loquor ex antiquo
libello), pro qua debuit facere die natali Domini singulis
annis, coram Domino Rege Angliae, unum saltum, unum
sutfletum, et unum bumbulum ; vel ut alibi legitur, per
saltum, sufflum, et pettum," &c. — Britannia, Gulielmo
Camdeno, Londini, 1607, p. 337., folio.
Camden is so grave a writer that, extraordinary
as such a custom appears to be, he had, I have no
doubt, his authority for what he states. 2.
[This ludicrous tenure is quoted from Placita Coronce,
17 Edward I. rot. 6., dorso Suffolk. See also Blount's
Ancient Tenures, by Beckwith,«p. 60.3
SWIFT, PORTRAIT OF, AND EDIT. OF 1734.
(2nd S. ii. 21. 96. 158. 199. 254.)
Absence from home has prevented me replying
sooner to the communications of C. and P. O. S.
The volume of Dean Swift's Works noticed by
me does not appear to coincide with the page
references given me by P. O. S., nor with the
book-plate in the " name Vert" being found on it;
but as further discussion is not likely to settle
this question, at the request of P. O. S. (p. 199.),
the volume is transmitted to the EDITOR of " N.
& Q." for his examination, who, I have no doubt,
will be so kind as to pass his opinion on the whole
subject. I may be permitted to say to C., that,
whether in error or not, I had no design to blow
" bubbles," nor of imposing in any way on the con-
tributors to "N. & Q.," in such statements as I
made, my object having been entirely to elicit a
510
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2«a S. N« 52., DEC. 27. '56.
little literary information through its able corre-
spondents ; which has 1been so far obtained, and
for which I feel obliged. G-. N.
Your correspondent G. N. has set us all an
example of plain dealing, for which I personally
thank him. I have examined the volume he has
so obligingly forwarded, and acknowledge at once
that my conjectures were erroneous : that his
copy is not, as I presumed, a mutilated copy of
the 4th vol. of the 8vo. edit, of 1735, and that the
plate has not "Vert" engraved on it. It is, in
fact, an edit, in 12mo., with the plate re-engraved,
and better engraved.
Now comeslhe only question of interest : did the
publication precede or follow the edit, of 1735 ?
I think it was published after, and for these
reasons : —
It is, with one trifling exception, which I shall
presently notice, an exact reprint of the 4th vol.
of the edit, of 1735. And an edition in 12mo. is
usually cheaper, and therefore usually follows an
edition in 8vo. In this instance it must have been
very much cheaper ; for the 8vo. edition is a re-
markably handsome library edition, whereas the
12mo. is on inferior paper, and so compressed
that, while the 8vo. extends to 388 pages, the
12mo. contains the same matter in 318.
Again: — The title-pages of the several tracts
in the 12mo. edition are, without exception I be-
lieve, set forth as "printed in the year 1734;"
whereas in the 8vo. they are, with one exception,
stated to have been "printed in the year 1733."
There is one other point of difference on which
we can only speculate, until we have an oppor-
tunity of examining the 2nd vol. of the 12mo.,
which, no doubt, contained the Poems. Both
volumes end with "Verses written by Dr. Swift ;"
but the 8vo. is followed by " Prometheus," thus
introduced :
" After these works were printed off, upon examining
the poetical Volume, we found the following Poem omitted,
which we have thought proper to insert here."
There is no such insertion in the 12mo. copy,
and I, conjecturally, assume that, the omission
having been discovered, it was, on republication,
inserted in its proper place, " the poetical Volume."
With these facts for guidance, no doubt some
of your readers will be able to refer to a perfect
copy of the edit, in 12mo. ; and thus, perhaps,
determine the question. P. O. S.
NOTES ON THE FLEUR-DE-LIS.
(2nd S. i. passim; ii. 41.)
P. S. — Since these Notes were written, some
very interesting facts relating to the fleur-de-lis
have been discovered : see the 2nd edit, of Nineveh
and its Palaces, by Bonomi (London, Ingram,
1853.) At p. 138., the head-dress of the divinity
Ilus is an egg-shaped cap, terminating at the top
in a fleur-de-lis. At p. 149. (fig. 54.), the Dagon
of Scripture has the same. At p. 201. (fig. 98.),
the same ornament appears. At p. 202. (fig. 99.),
a bearded figure has " the usual fleur-de-Us." In
the same page, the tiaras of two bearded figures
are surmounted with fleurs-de-lis. At p. 332.
(fig. 211.), the Assyrian helmet is surmounted
with a fleur-de-lis. At p. 334. (fig. 217.), the
head-dress of the figure on the Assyrian standard
has a fleur-de-lis. At p. 340. (fig. 245.), the
bronze resembles a fleur-de-lis. At p. 350. (fig.
254.), an Egyptian example of the god Nilus, as on
the thrones of Pharaoh Necho, exhibits the fleur-
de-lis.
Bernard Quaritch's Catalogue (No. 109.) for
May, 1856, at No. 5. "Manuscripts Armorials,"
notices a work, Recherches sur les Fleurs-de-Lis,
&c., which should supply all our requirements on
this disputed subject. C. H. P.
In reply to C. H. P.'s inquiry after the special
causes for which this cognizance may have been
granted (2nd S. ii. 42.), and with reference to a
former Note of his own (2nd S. i. 388.), in which
he states that the " 3 fleurs-de-lis" in a drinking-
cup are the crest of " Croker of Ballinagard"
I would observe to him that it was, properly
speaking, the crest of " Croker of Lineham" in
Devonshire ; and was granted to Sir John Croker
of Lineham, who accompanied Edward IV. as
cup-bearer in his ostentatious expedition into
France in 1475 ; and amongst the flatteries be-
stowed by the, politic Louis XI. on several of the
English courtiers were the 3 fleurs-de-lis sur-
mounting the implement of Sir John's office. The
Crokers of Ballinagard, in Ireland, are a junior
branch of the Lineham, settled there a couple of
centuries later than the grant of the crest to the
original family. There are several other families
of Croker in Ireland, all of which bear the drink-
ing-cup ; but, through the mistake of engravers,
it has with some degenerated into & flower-pot.
C.
I enclose impression of a seal —
" * S Thome le Gallendier,"
showing a fleur-de-lis, with two birds perched on
the side leaves, and pecking the central division
of fas flower. The date any real studier, I think,
will unhesitatingly pronounce the middle of the
twelfth century, certainly not later.^ This is con-
temporary with the signet of Louis VII., which
Montagu (Heraldry, p. 18.) cites as perhaps the
earliest example of a fleur-de-lis, and my seal is an
additional argument in favour of the flower ori-
2nd S. N° 52., DEC. 27. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
511
ginal ; were it not for the arms of Canteloupe, I
think the long disputed point would now be set-
tled. I believe it is not known how the family
acquired these arms. If honey came out of a lion,
why might not a fabulous lily grow out of a
leopard's head ? A legend to this effect may have
existed, and many heraldic bearings arose from
luch fables.
Would C. H. P. oblige me by saying where the
lists of arms to which he refers, as being borne
during the Crusades, are to be found ? The in-
formation would, no doubt, be gratefully received
by other readers of ^ N. & Q." A good list of
old rolls of arms, Stating where they may be found
in print and MSS-, would be acceptable to many.
The two following may be added : 1. Laurence
Sheriff, founder of Rugby School ; Az. on a fess
engrailed between 3 griffins' heads erased, or, a
F.-d.-L. of the first between 2 roses, gu. 2. Mort-
lock (Cambridge) : Ermine, a fret, sa. on a chief,
nzure, 3 F.-d.-L., argent. A.
" CAKMINA QUADBAGESIMALIA, ETC.
(2nd S. ii. 312. 355.)
I find the following particulars with reference
to one or two of the authors of the Carmina Qua-
dragesimalia, in an edition of the Latin Poems of
Vincent Bourne, published by Pickering in 1840,
and edited by the Rev. John Mitford :
" John Wigan " (Wigan, jun., I conjecture, in B. N.C.'s
list of the authors of the. 1st vol.) "a physician, editor of
Aretceus, and of Dr. Freind's Works, d'ied in Jamaica,
1739. There are several copies of verses by J. and G.
Wigan in the Carmina Quadragesimalia. David Gregory"
(Gregory in B. N. C.'s list of 1st vol.), " Professor of
Modern History and Languages, Canon of Christ Church,
1736 ; Canon of Carlisle, 1736 ; Dean, 1756 ; Master of
Sherborne (or Sherburn) Hospital, 1759; son in the law
to the late Duke of Kent, died 1797."
These two, with Salusbury Cade (author of
poems 8. 52. 165.) and George Toblett, were
elected to Ch. Ch. from Westminster in 1714, the
same year that Vincent Bourne went to Trinity
College, Cambridge.
I have carefully looked over the notes ap-
pended to this edition of V. Bourne's Poems, ex-
pecting to be able to find the names of some authors,
of those contributions which we have not yet been
able to assign, but fruitlessly. However, MB.
GUNNER'S and B. N. C.'s lists are corroborated,
for I find there " Thomas" named as the author
of No. 151. in vol. i., and of No. 20. in vol. ii. —
Adams (and Smith) of No. 43., vol. i. ; Prescott of
No. 168., vol. i., and Freind of No. 58., vol. ii.
(Query, Is this name Freind or Friend ?)
But copies must be in existence, as MB. GUN-
NEK observes, containing the names of all the
contributors. I may here remark that the emi-
nent Lord Mansfield, — " Murray once so long his
country's pride," — is supposed to have written
several. I quite coincide in his desire that some
publisher would bring out a new edition of these
delightful poems (e. g. in a form like the Sabrince
Corolla, or Arundines Cami, illustrated with
notes) ; it is indeed surprising how few people
have read them at the present day. Not only
are they beautiful as regards elegance of compo-
sition, but interesting from their numerous re-
ferences to the events, manners, and customs of
the times when they were written, carrying one
back to the days of the Spectator and Toiler. I
transcribe one, as a comment on the Note, —
" Hoops v. Crinoline," (2nd S. ii. 426.) :
" An viventia habeant certum terminum Maqnit udinis ?
Aft*.
" Ut simili socias exaequet mole puellas,
Mille dolos versat pectore macra Cloe.
Multiplicem vario tumidam subtemine vestem,
Expansamque habili comparat orbe stolam.
Stant terno ceti ossa gradu, terno ordine funes,
Staminaque undantes explicitura sinus
Hac sub veste Cloe, et tanto circundata gyro,
Exultat grandi pinguior ire Lyce.
Magna quidem incedis, magnae virgo incola pallee,
At spatiosa exis veste pusilla Chloe."
Vol. i. p. 129.
There is again another beautiful collection of
Latin poetry published in the last century, viz.
the Selecta Poemata Anglorum, in 3 vols, printed
in 1774 and 1776, containing effusions by many
eminent men, amongst whom may be enumerated
Bp. Lowth*, Christopher Smart, Gray, Vincent
Bourne, and numerous others. This work, too,
is becoming very scarce. Names are not, how-
ever, appended to all the compositions, though
doubtless their authors were well known at the
time. In the second vol. is " Muscipula auctore
E. Holdsworth, Coll. Magd., Oxon.," originally, I
suppose, published by Edmund Curll in 1709, " ad
insigne Pavonis extra Temple Bar." (See u N. &
Q.," 2nd S. ii. 303.) OXONIENSIS.
I am now enabled to furnish MB. GTJNNEB with
the following variations taken from another copy
of vol. ii., which has come under my notice. I will
call MR. GUNNEB'S copy A, my own B, and the
third copy C.
3, Markham, A, B ; Gibson, C.
21, Impey, A; Keith, C.
63, Keith, B ; Affleck, C.
69, Keith, A ; Bissett, C.
71, Keith, A, B ; Cliffe, C.
79, Bedingfield, A, B ; Markham, C.
* Some of Lowth's contributions to this work may
again be found in his celebrated work, Prtelectionu Aca-
demics, Oxon.
512
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2-* s. NO 52., DEC. 27.
95, Bedingfield, A, B j Gibson, C.
96, Shields, A ; Shiel, C.
114, Bedingfield, B; Shiel, C.
142, Tubb, A ; Rivers, C.
The following names are also supplied :* 60,
Gibson ; 61, Foulkes ; 70, Bissett ; 126, Tayleur ;
144, Wilcocks ; 148, Nash.
I have no doubt, that the Tubb of A, is the
Jubb of B and C, elected to Oxford from West-
minster, 1735 ; as also Shields of A is the Shiel
of C, elected 1741 with Impey and Markham. I
cannot verify the name 135, Varnan, in any way,
either in the Alumni Westmonasteriensis, or in the
List of Oxford Graduates : it may be a mistake for
Amy and, elected 1736. B. N. C.
THE JUMPING DANCE, ETC.
(2nd S. ii. 188.)
Evans, in his Sketch of the Denominations of the
Christian World (15th ed., 1827), gives an ac-
count of a somewhat singular sect called the
" Jumpers." I am not certain that any of this
fraternity now exist in England. The author of
the work named was present at one of the
" Jumpers' " meetings, which was held in the open
air, near Newport, in 1785. The preacher con-
cluded his sermon with the recommendation of
jumping, and immediately got down from his
chair, and commenced, with many others, jump-
ing with frantic fury for the space of three hours,
after which the meeting terminated.
As an additional instance of jumping as an ac-
companiment of religious worship, I may mention
that it is a common practice among the congre-
gations of coloured Methodists in New York, and
other parts of the United States. Being told of
this practice, I attended one of their meetings in
New York in 1850. During the sermon much
excitement prevailed, and loud shouts arose at
intervals from all parts of the building. The
sermon ended, one of the usual tunes was sung,
accompanied, almost universally, with stamping of
the feet, keeping tolerably good time with the
measure of the strain. After a prayer, which
could hardly be heard amid the surrounding con-
fusion, a short interval of silence followed. Then
I was somewhat startled by seeing a venerable
" coloured sister," in one of the front pews, jump-
ing up and down with great rapidity for some
minutes. Shortly after, amid loud stamping of
the feet, I distinctly saw her jump over the front
of the pew, and commencing from the pew she had
left, she made a series of tremendous jumps up
and down the aisle, shouting the whole time with
a loud voice, and presenting a spectacle which I
shall not easily forget. She was soon joined by
others, and not knowing what might be the next
part of the programme, I made a rapid exit, feel-
ing, when fairly outside, not a little thankful to
have effected my escape. I may add that it is a
well-known fact that at the same chapel I refer to,
during their revival meetings, these zealous wor-
shippers often protract their services from 8 p.m.
to 7 or 8 o'clock next morning, singing, shouting,
pray ing, jumping, &c., the whole time."
Much curious information as to the connection
between the jumping processions existing on the
Continent and the Dance of Death, may be found
in F. Douce s valuable Dissertation, Sfc., on the
Dance of Death, 8vo., London, 1833, Pickering
Vox.
The dance of the Jumpers, like the comic
dances and comic festivals of the Church, is the
corruption of that which is found in Holy Writ.
Two kinds of dances are distinctly pointed out in
the Bible, the Worship Dance and the Phallus
Dance. The first is described in Exodus, ch. xv.
v. 20. Miriam the conductor takes a tambourine,
and so also all the women, and dance, whilst
Moses and the Children of Israel answer them in
song. The second in Exodus, ch. xxxii. vv. 18.
25. : Moses, drawing near the camp, hears the
noise of singing, sees the bull, and the dancing;
and the people were naked, for Aaron had made
them naked to their shame. In the Psalms al-
lusion is repeatedly made to the Church dance,
and in the Prophecies to the Phallus dance. In
2 Sam. c. vi. it is written that David girded him-
self with a linen ephod, and danced with all his
might before the Lord. This Michal, his wife,
chose to mis-describe, for which she suffered the
penalty, taunting him with being uncovered, as
one of the vain fellows shamelessly uncovereth
himself. Those who now dance in worship found
their practice on the promises for the restoration
of the religious dance. H. J. GAUNTLETT.
PRIDEAUX FAMILY.
(2nd S. ii. 468.)
Preaux, Prideaux, and Pratellis, may be synon.
From pratum., a meadow (Sp. prddo, G. praterj,
dimin. pratulum, is Low Lat. pratellum, whence
De Pratellis ; from pratellum, by contrac. protean,
and then preteau, pi. preteaux, may come Priteaux
and Prideaux ; and from preteau, preteaux, by
contrac. preau, preaux (little meadows), Preaux,
also pre. If Preus refers to the same family, it
may be a corruption of Preaux ; if otherwise, it
might come from Preux (fromprobus), courageous,
brave : " Les neuf preux ;" " Preux chevalier et
ferme-catholique;" "Les douze preux de Charle-
magne." (Hist. Fab.) If one of the Prideaux
family had been in the Holy Wars, it might ac-
2nd S. N° 52., DEC. 27. '56. ]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
513
count for the Saracen's head on their crest.
Speaking of Preaux in Normandy (situate about
two leagues from Rouen), Lamartiniere says :
" Paroisse de France dans la Normandie, avec litre de
Baronic, et Haute Justice. L'an 1200 Jean de Preaux,
Chevalier, Sieur Chatelain de Preaux, fonda le Prieurc de
Beuulieu en presence de Gautier, Archeveque de Rouen, et
cette fondation se fit en la foret de Preaux."
Further, —
" Preaux est aussi le nom de deux paroisses et de deux
Abba3'es, d'une de Benedictins et 1'autre de Benedictines,
situee dans la Diocese de Lisieux, k une grande lieue de
Pont Eaude-mer, dans un Vallon, et pres de la source d'un
ruisseau qui y fait tourner plusieurs moulins. L'abbaye
de Saint Pierre de Pre'aux, Sancti Petri Pratellensis, est
possedee par les Be'ne'dictins de la Congregation de Saint
Maur, et fut batie vers 1'an 1055. Elle reconnoit pour
Fondateur Oufroy de Vieilles, Baron de Pre'aux, Seigneur
de Pont Eaudemer, Comte de Meulan et de Beaumont-le-
Roger. L'Eglise," &c.
The French words (written in Italics by myself)
in the last paragraph, and the following extract
from Pryce (Corn. Diet., " Villages in Cornwall "),
would seem to throw some doubt on the correct-
ness of my etymology of Pmleaux :
" Pri-D'eaux, Pres-cTeaux, near the waters ; also nom.
/am."
This was my first idea as to the etymology of the
word, but I do not think it is the correct one.
AN OLD SUBSCRIBER should consult Dufresne,
who not only gives Prateltum and Protean, and
numerous authorities, but also the following from
La Roman de la Rose, MS. :
" Ains alez chantant et balant
Par ces jardins, par ces Proiana
Avec ces garcons desloians."
See also Memoir -es dressez sur les Lieux en 1704,
cited by Lamartiniere. R. S. CHARNOCK.
Gray's Inn.
LIVES OF EMINENT LAWYERS.
(2nd S. ii. 451.)
I have for many years possessed a copy of
Kearsley's publication, dated 1790, to which
J. MT. refers, Strictures on the Lives and Charac-
ters of thf most Eminent Lawyers of the present
Day, fy-c. At the top of the title-page there is
the following name in MS., " L. Thos. Rede."
The title-page has also two mottoes. The first
is,—
" I, bone, quo Virtus tua te vocat, I pede fausto."
Hor.
By the side of those mottoes there is written, in
the same hand which inscribed " L. Thos. Rede,"
the following note, "I was then in the Fleet
Prison." The second motto is :
. . . Sine me, liber, ibis in urbem.
Hei mihi ! quod Domino non licet ire tuo."
Ovid.
With respect to the authorship of the volume, and-
especially of a passage respecting Lord Thurlow,
on a leaf preceding the title the following MS.
note appears :
" Lemon Thos. Rede, whose signature I find on the top
of the title- page, and by whom it appeared from certain
circumstances, the bookseller I purchased of had this
book in exchange, was in reality the ostensible author.
But a very large part of this volume was furnished by mo,
especially of the latter characters, from Pepper Arden,
&c. The first three or four characters were printed before
I knew anything of the work or the undertaker, who was
then, as he has stated in the margin, in the Fleet, yet"
[the MS. adds, without giving any authority beyond the
writer's own] " carrying on the business of a money
lender by advertisement."
The note continues :
" He was bred to the law, followed the profession of a
, and is now, I believe, a reviewer."
This manuscript illustration is signed " J. Thel-
wall," a political celebrity, and afterwards a very
successful professor of elocution, of whom further
description is not requisite. Mr. T. here states
that "the first three or four characters" were
printed before he knew anything of the work.
The first character in the volume is that of " The
Right Honorable Edward Lord THURLOW, Lord
High Chancellor of England ; " therefore if the
manuscript illustrations of my volume, which I
have adduced above, are to be relied on, I assume
it must be considered that " L. Thos. Rede," ex-
isting in 1790, " was, in reality, the ostensible
author."
Your correspondent quotes a passage from the
notice of " Thurlow," and intimates that it would
be gratifying to know who in 1790, "upwards of
sixty years ago, ventured to speak out so boldly"
I venture to surmise that your correspondent is
not very conversant with the boldness of the
writings and proceedings of 1790 to 1794, &c., or
he would not have made any such remark. At all
events, a preceding page (p. 14.) of the article
from which he makes the excellent quotation, also
shows quite as much boldness, and is not unworthy
of being extracted. It is as follows : —
" His [Thurlow's] unrivalled excellence is an iron
countenance, an inflexible hardihood of feature, an invul-
nerable, impenetrable aspect, that nothing can abash, no
crimson tinge ; that stares humanity from the justice-seat,'
and defies the tear of pity. Charity, it is said, covers a
multitude of sins, and inhumanity implies a depravity of
heart that gives the owner credit for the possession of
untold crimes."
The Italics are the author's.
A HERMIT AT HAMPSTEAD.
tn f&inar ©ticrfesf.
Wotton's "Courtlie Controversie of Cupid's
Cautels" (2nd S. ii. 428.) — The following extract
from Blomfield's History of Norfolk (London,
514
NOTES AND QUERIES.
52., DEC. 27. '56.
1775, vol. i. p. 205.), may perhaps assist MR.
CORSER in his inquiry for information respecting
Lady Dacre of the South : —
" John Wooton, of North Tudenham, was son of John
Wooton of Tudenham, and Elizabeth his wife, sister ot
Sir Thomas, and daughter of Sir Robert L'Estrange. In
1536 his wife died ; after which he married a daughter of
Nevill, Lord Abergavenny, widow of Lord D'Acre."
Should MR. CORSER obtain any further inform-
ation on this subject, or ascertain any particulars
respecting Henry Wotlon, who, I presume, must
have been a brother of the above named John
Wooton, he will much oblige by communicating
it through your columns. W. (Bombay).
Henry Justice (2nd S. ii. 413.) — From some
notes which I have taken from deeds, &c., I have
the pleasure to be able to inform MR. RILEY that
Henry Justice, about whom he inquires, was a
son of William Justice, of York, gent, who was
living in 1703. The wife of Henry was Elizabeth
and she died March 15, 1752. She was
the authoress of Amelia, or the Distressed Wife.
His sister Anne was wife of Jonas Thompson, of
York, who served the office of Lord Mayor of
that city. The eldest son of Henry Justice was
William Justice, of Wymondham, co. Norfolk,
Esq. ; and he dying unmarried, at Hingham, was
there buried, Oct. 15, 1779. He left a sister, the
wife of Dr. Hayes, of Ipswich, who died about
1799, and his widow then went to reside at Bath,
where she died about 1815. I have no notice of
the time and place of the death of Henry Justice.
The books of Trinity College, Cambridge, and the
Middle Temple, where his admissions would be
recorded, will probably, if necessary, confirm the
above statement as to his paternity. The family
at York furnished a Lord Mayor in the person of
Emmanuel Justice, who was buried Feb. 6, 1716.
The parish register at Doncaster contains numer-
rous entries of that name. C. J.
The Cambridge Chronicle of Oct. 22, 1 763, con-
tains the following paragraph :
" Lately died at the Hague, one Mr. Justice, who was
some years ago transported for stealing of books belong-
ing to the Public Library of this University."
My attention had not been directed to this pa-
ragraph when I published my account of Justice's
case in Annals of Cambridge, iv. 223.
C. H. COOPER.
Cambridge.
Munich Tune (2nd S. ii. 410.) — G. W. is in-
formed that Luther is the composer of this melody,
being the choral to his Christmas Hymn " Vom
Himmel hoch da Komm ich her." It appeared
in 1535, and will be found in Klug's Gesangbuch,
1543, and in almost every Lutheran collection
after that period. Sebastian Bach selected the
melody for a display of some extraordinary vari-
ations as an organ exercise. The choral used
by Meyerbeer in the Hugonots is also the com-
position of Luther, to his version of the forty-
sixth Psalm," Eine feste Burg ist unser Gott." The
two melodies are quite distinct, with the exception
of the last line. H. J. GAUNTLETT.
Powis Place.
Order of St. Michael (2nd S.'ii. 229.) — Among
the Additional MSS. in the British Museum*,
No. 17,436, is a collection of arms of the knights
of this order, drawn by the late Rev. D. T.
Powell of Tottenham, and purchased at his sale in
1848, Lot 434. p.
Visiting Cards (1st S. iv. 133.) — It may be con-
sidered very doubtful whether Sir Isaac Newton
used old playing cards, by writing his name on
the back of them, for the purpose of using them
as visiting cards. I have noticed in my Habits and
Men (p. 121. of the 3rd edit.), that —
" It was in Paris, about the j'ear 1770, that was intro-
duced the custom of visiting en blanc, as it was called,
that is, by leaving a card. The old ladies and gentle-
men, who loved to show their costume, called this fashion
fantastic," &c.
I have an impression that Mercier, in his
Tableau de Paris, alludes to this custom ; but my
especial authority was the Baroness Oberkirch,
who treats of this subject in her Memoirs.
J. DOR AN.
Scipio's Shield (2nd S. ii. 352.) — The shield of
Scipio, alluded to by MR. RILEY, appears to be
the circular silver plate, apparently of Cartha-
ginian work, with a lion and palm-tree in the
centre, which was found in 1714 in the village of
Passage, a little to the south of La Tour du Pin,
near the road from Lyons to Chambery. This spot
lies on the probable route by which Hannibal and
other Carthaginian generals crossed the Alps. The
plate is described in Wickham and Cramer's Dis-
sertation on the Passage of Hannibal over the Alps,
(p. 57., edit. 2nd) ; and an engraving of it is given
at p. 63. In 1819 it was seen by the authors of
this excellent treatise in the King's Library at
Paris, where it is probably now preserved. L.
Derivation of "Pamphlet" (2nd S. ii. 460.) —
Your correspondent C. says, " If it (pamphlet)
were French, would not the French have more
probably retained it ? " and he proceeds to show
that the French have retained it, by quoting the
definition of it from the Diet, de VAcad. Fr.
Will C. be so kind as to inform me why the
French have not retained these five words, kick-
shaws, lampoon, malapert, paramount, and para-
mour ? And why they have substituted for
them, ragouts, chanson satirique, impudent, souvc-
rain, and mignon ?
s. NO 52., DEC. 27. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
515
Perchance, because some of these words ac-
quired the same bad odour as has pamphlet : if we
may believe the following words from the Fr.
Diet, by J. Ch. Laveaux, which describes it as " un
mot Anglais : on le prend souvent en mauvaise
part."
Of the Fr. word lampons, from which our lam-
poon is derived, the same Diet, adds :
" Expression populaire. Sorte de chanson & boire, oil
1'on r^pete a la fin de chaque couplet, lampons, pour dire,
buvons. Cette chanson rfest plus d'usage, meme parmi la
populace."
In a short time, I dare say, the word will drop
out of future French dictionaries, and should our
word lampoon ever be revived in France, it will
doubtless figure in new dictionaries as " un m6t
Anglais."
Brochure very probably was the fashionable
word in France, and jostled pamphlet out of its
place : as it bids fair to do here.
If pamphlet were an English word, would it
have been adopted into the French language with-
out a change in spelling, indicative of a French-
man's effort to pronounce our word pamphlet as
we do ? Is not this the case with biftec, boule-
dogue, and rosbif? the only three English words
naturalised in France which occur to me at the
moment.
But one word more in defence of par un filet.
Brochure is derived more probably from the Low
Latin broca, a spit, than from the A.-S. breccan,
to break. In either case its relation to brochure
is the same, and it indicates — by the needle or
piercing instrument used in carrying the thread
through the pages of a pamphlet — what we sig-
nify by the thread itself, par un filet. Does this
" tell " against the French derivation of the word,
as C. argues ? S. SINGLETON.
Greenwich.
Interchange of "a" and "t" (2nd S. i. 236.; ii.
437. 457.) — Though I believe that E. C. H. is
right in saying that long i is but seldom converted
into a, allow me to remind him of the following
statement in Matthise's Crreeh Grammar :
"A, or <?, and et are interchanged by the Dorians, e.g-
K\<i£, <x7rojcA.af ov, for KA.ew, diro/tA.eiow. See Valck. ad Theocr.
Id. vi. 22."
^ Since the Greek €t represents the long i, I con-
sider the above as a fair example. ROVILLUS.
Norwich.
Dream Testimony (2nd S. ii. 458.) — The Red
Barn murder occurred in the summer of 1827. I
passed through the field where the Red Barn stood,
soon after the body of the murdered woman,
Maria Martin, had been buried within it ; but of
course wholly unconscious of being so near the
poor creature's remains. Shortly after the dis-
covery of the body, and the execution of William
Corder for the murder, I visited the Red Barn,
and saw the place where the remains were found.
It was the bin on the right side of the barn, as
you entered by the front doorway. The barn was
of wood, and had been painted red, though very
little colour then remained. It has since been
pulled down. It stood high up in a field, near the
few houses which compose the village of Polstead
in Suffolk.
When Corder had murdered his unhappy victim,
he dug a shallow grave for her in the Red Barn ;
and when the harvest was got in, he took care to
have the bin filled with corn, and was present
himself to see it carefully stacked. The men
complained of a bad smell in the barn, for the
corpse of his victim was but thinly covered with
earth; but Corder said it proceeded from dead
rats, and no further notice was then taken of the
circumstance. He was observed always to leave
the barn the last, and to take the keys in his
pocket. What led to the discovery of the murder
was the circumstance of the father of the poor
murdered young woman dreaming for three nights
that his daughter had been murdered, and buried
in the Red Barn. In consequence of this the corn
was removed, and the body discovered a slight
depth underground. But the three dreams I
never considered so extraordinary or important as
they were represented. The father would na-
turally be anxious and constantly thinking of his
lost child ; and suspicion had already rested on
the murderer. Moreover, the Red Barn was the
very place to deposit the body, and hints had been
frequently dropped as to the probability of her
being there. These circumstances I think quite
sufficient to cause the father's dreams, and to take
away much of the mysterious significancy which
was at the time attached to them. F. C. H.
Precentor of the Province of Canterbury (2nd S.
ii. 389. 459.) —
" It may be mentioned here, that, by the regulations
of the Province of Canterbury, the Bishops are considered
as forming a Cathedral Chapter, of which the Primate is
the Bishop, the Bishop of London Dean, the Bishop of Salis-
bury Precentor, the Bishop of Lincoln Chancellor, and the
Bishop of Winchester Sub-dean." — First Report of Her
Majesty's Commissioners for Inquiring into the State of
Cathedral and Collegiate Churches, §*c., appointed Nov. 10,
1852 (Report printed 1854), p. ix. Marg. ; Lyndwood's
Provinciate; Wilkins, ii. 115.
J. SANSOM.
Organ Tuning (2nd S. ii. 457.)— With reference
to MR. DIXON'S observations on the above sub-
ject, I am most happy in stating, that it is an
error to speak of the late Col. Perronet Thompson,
for that gentleman is still living, and now holds
the rank of Major-General.
General Perronet Thompson has written several
works relative to tuning ; among others, are In-
structions to my Daughter for playing on the
516
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2n* S. N« 52., DEC. 27. '56.
Enharmonic Guitar^ folio, Goulding, 1830. Also,
articles on the same subject in the Westminster
Review, under the following titles, " Enharmonic
of the Ancients," "Harmonics of the Violin,"
" Enharmonic Organ," " Woolhouae's Essay on
Musical Intervals," &c., &c. The above were
published in the Westminster Review between the
years 1832 and 1835; but the whole of Major-
Gen. Thompson's articles in that periodical, with
other works by him, were republished in 1842, in
6 vbls. small 8vo., by Effingham Wilson, Royal
Exchange.
An enharmonic organ that had been con-
structed under Major-Gen. Thompson's superin-
tendence was exhibited among the musical in-
struments at the Great Exhibition in Hyde Park
in 1851. R. H.
Kensington.
Clergymen wearing Cassocks (2nd S. ii. 412.) —
If any proof were wanting that clergymen, in the
last century, were in the habit of wearing their
cassocks in some cases as their every-day costume,
that proof is to be found in Joseph Andrews.
Parson Adams travelled about the country in it.
" Is the gentleman a clergyman then ? " says
Barnabas, "for his cassock had been tied up when
he first arrived." "Yes, Sir," said the footman,
" and one there be but few like." And when the
hounds attacked him, cheered on by their master,
to the infinite disgust of the huntsman, who said,
" That it was the surest way to spoil them to make
them follow vermin, instead of sticking to a hare,"
he escaped with the loss of a third part of it.
It is clear that Fielding would not have clothed
parsons in a mere fancy dress. R. W. B.
« Knowledge is Power " (2nd S. ii. 352.) — The
original idea is King Solomon's, Proverbs, xxiv.
5., " A wise man is strong." P. P.
"Drowned" in the sense of "Buried" (2nd S.
ii. 221.) — MR. JAMES GAIRDNER has supplied
you with an ingenious and elaborate article on the
use and abuse of the word drown. His theory
goes to prove that drown is analogous to bury, and
that so far as the Duke of Clarence is concerned,
he was not drowned in a butt, of malmsey, but
simply buried, or his body consigned to the deep
in a vessel of that description.
On reading Kennett's History of England the
other day, I met with a passage in which the word
drown is certainly not applied in its usual signifi-
cation :
" But the princes drew their cannon up another hill on
the right hand of the enemy, there being a large bottom,
and a hill of vineyards, betwixt the two armies, which
were not visible * but from thence ; for the one hill
drowned the other to them in the bottom." — Vol. ii.
p. 723.
S, D. S.
Double Christian Names (2nd S. i. 253.) — Your
correspondent Y. S. M. being anxious to collect
instances of double Christian names previous to
1730, I annex a memorandum from the register
book of St. Augustine the Less, Bristol :
" 1714. William Calford, son of John and Mary Woot-
ton, baptized llth October."
ANON.
Due de Lauragnois (lrt S. ix. 538.) — Your
correspondent appears to doubt the truth of the
assertion that the duke wore the remains of his
wife's body in a ring. I believe that it is the
truth ; and I have always understood that the
chemical process to which E. H. A. alludes was
repeated combnstion; till at length all that remained
of the body was reduced to a caput mortuum in the
crucible, the size of a small pebble, and of a glassy,
green, appearance.
I should think that this ring is still in existence,
and probably treasured as an invaluable relic by
the representatives of the duke.
HENKY T. RILEY.
Sayings about the Weather (2nd S. ii. 227.) —
The " saying" recorded by CUTHBERT BEDB is
not confined to Worcestershire. It extends to
Norfolk, where it is worded thus : —
" Saturday's change, and Sunday's full,
Never brought good, and never wull ! "
I suspect the first line in the Worcestershire
saying ought to run thus, to rhyme with the
second :
" Saturday's change, and Sunday's full moon."
F. C. H.
In the county of Dorset the lines run thus :
" A Saturday's change and a Sunday's full
Comes too"soon whenever it wool."
CLERICUS RUSTICUS.
Custom at Dunchurch Church (2nd S. ii. 266.)—
I remember reading (in an old book of anecdotes,
I believe) that at a certain church the beadle was
accustomed to go round the edifice, during service,
carrying a long staff, at one end of which was a
fox's brush, at the other a knob ; with the former
he gently tickled the faces of those sleepers who
were of the female sex, while on the heads of
their male compeers he bestowed with the knob a
sensible rap. And often in country churches,
where the children of the national schools sit in
the aisles, the beadle may be seen rapping those
who fall asleep (as well as those who are disor-
derly) with a cane. I have seen it done at Little
Hampton Church, Sussex. I should think such
work would seldom be performed by the church-
warden. THRELKELD.
Cambridge.
Sir Thomas More (2nd S. ii. 455.) —The knight
of this name, who was sheriff of Dorset and So-
2nd S. NO 52., DEC. 27. '56. ]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
517
merset, A.D. 1533, seems to have been a very
different person from the ex-Lord Chancellor.
According to Hutchins, he was descended from
the second son of a family who took their name of
More, or Attemore, from a manor in the parish of
Marnhull, co. Dorset, still called More, or More-
side. His ancestor obtained the estate of Mel-
plaish, in the same county, by marrying an heiress
of that name. It is just possible that the docu-
ment to which MR. GAIRDNER refers may have
some connexion with a somewhat remarkable
frolic of which the sheriff was himself guilty, viz.
setting open the prison doors at Dorchester, by
which the prisoners escaped. For this misde-
meanour, we are told, he was obliged to solicit a
pardon, which was obtained by means of Wm.
Lord Paulet, afterwards Marquess of Winton, then
Lord Treasurer, on condition that he should
marry one of his daughters and co-heiresses to his
second son, Lord Thomas Paulet, of Corsington,
co. Somerset ; by which the estates of Melplaish
came to that family.
It is just possible that there may have been
some kindred between the frolicsome sheriff and
his far more famous namesake. Both of their
families bore three moor cocks, it would appear,
though with a difference in their arms ; and, as is
well known, the chancellor was bred up in the
household of a Dorsetshire Archbishop of Canter-
bury, Cardinal Morton. I fear, however, that his
origin has been too long unascertained to make
this inquiry a very hopeful one.
C. W. BlNGHAM.
Furious Cocks (2nd S. ii. 411.) — Some game
cocks have a fancy for attacking human beings ;
such birds are said to be " man keen." I have
known a game cock attack a child just in the way
MR. BINGHAM describes.
A still more curious case was that of a cock
pheasant, wild in a game cover. Females were
nis especial aversion, and as the plantation he fre-
quented was skirted by a footpath, he was much
dreaded by them. Surely this must be a species
of insanity in birds. P. P.
Spiders' Webs (2nd S. ii. 450.) — ARACHNE will
find, in the Penny Magazine (vol iii. p. 131.), a
very interesting article on " Spiders and their
Webs ; " and in the volume, Insect Architecture,
there are some curious details relating to the con-
trivances of Mason Spiders. Rennie's Alphabet of
Insects also contains some valuable information.
JOB.
Horse Chestnut and Chestnut Horse (2nd S. ii.
i70.) — Not Queen Anne, but George III., unless
Colonel Matthew was quoting an old joke. Co-
lonel Matthew was a Foxite, and Mr. Matthew
Montague was a friend of Hannah More and
Wilberlbrce. See the whole anecdote in Roberts' s
Life of Hannah More. P. P.
The Cuckoo (2nd S. i. 386. 523.) — Some time
ago, I copied the following from a Dublin news-
paper (Saunders, Aug. 23, 1839), which perhaps
you may consider worthy of a nook in " N. & Q. :"
" Natural sounds have seldom been so felicitous, and so
generally imitated, as the word « cuckoo." In the Greek
language, the bird is called KOKKV£ .
The Latin cucvlus.
The Italian cuculo.
The French coucou.
The English cuckoo.
The German kukkuk.
The Vandal-Sclavonic . . . kukuliza, kukoviza.
The Polish kukutha.
Thelllyrian kukutha, kukuvacsa.'"
It appears to be an extract from Morgenblatt,
and winds up with an apparent contradiction :
" The Poles and the Illyrians have, however, quite
different names for the bird ; and the Swedish abbrevia-
tion of 'gock" is very infelicitous."
The analogy of sound is very apparent ; but in
turning to my Greek Lexicon^ I find —
" K<$KKV|, -uyo?, -6, a cuckoo ; a sort of fish ; a green
fig ; a bone at the bottom of the os sacrum : a tuft, crest ;
a hill or cliff! "
OtfuoL I GEO. LLOYD.
Pre-Existenee (2nd S. ii. 329. 453.) — Akin to
this opinion, if not an argument in favour of it, is
the feeling which many persons have at some
moment experienced, that what they are then
seeing or hearing, apparently for the first time,
has been seen or heard by them before, though
their reason assures them of the contrary.
This kind of day-dream is noticed in one of Sir
E. B. Lytton's novels : —
" How strange it is, that at times a feeling comes over
us, as we gaze upon certain places, which associates the
scene either with some dim-remembered and dream-like
images of the Past, or with a prophetic and fearful omen
of the Future Every one has known a similar
strange, indistinct feeling at certain times and places, and
with a similar inability to trace the cause." — Godolphin,
chap. xv.
My own experience, and that of some of my
friends, confirm this last assertion.
Sir Walter Scott, a man of sound mind, if ever
man was so, made the following entry in his diary,
under date of Feb. 17, 1828 : —
" I cannot, I am sure, tell if it is worth marking down,
that yesterday, at dinner time, I was strangely haunted
by what I would call the sense of pre-existence, viz. a
confused idea, that nothing that passed was said for the
first time; that the same topics had been discussed, and
the same persons had stated the same opinions on them.
.... The sensation was so strong as to resemble what is
called a mirage in the desert, or a calenture on board of
ship. ... It was very distressing yesterday, and brought
to my mind the fancies of Bishop Berkeley about an ideal
world. There was a vile sense of want of reality in all I
did and said." — Lockhart's Life of Scott (1st edit.), vol.
vii. p. 114.
518
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd s. No 52., DEC. 27. '56.
GelstJirop Arms (2nd S. ii. 211. 377.) — In reply
to C. T., I have no authority to state whether
there was either an individual or a family entitled
to armorial bearings of this name. My desire for
information on this point arose from finding the
name in connexion with the ancient, but rfow
extinct, family of Pendock, formerly of Pendock
and Gotherton, co. Worcester. Richard Pendock,
of this family, married the heiress of the feudal
family of Barry of Tollerton, co. Notts ; and in
the pedigree before me, their great grand-son,
Richard Pendock of Tollerton, married Anne
(Elizabeth), daughter of William Gelsthorpe of
Wharton. The connexion of the Gelsthorpes with
Fishlake, co. York, is not mentioned in this pedi-
gree ; but in Burke's Commoners (vide Barry of
Roclaveston), there is a short notice of the Pen-
docks, in which William Gelsthorpe is stated to
have been of Wharton and Fishlake.
I have not been able to ascertain any bearings
ascribed to the name of Gelsthorpe, and have only
concluded they might be entitled to arms from their
alliance with the Pendocks. T. B.
Naked Boy Court (2nd S. ii. 387. 460.)— Pannier
Alley and Naked Boy Court were not one and the
same place, as suggested by MR. TAYLOR: the
former running from Blow-bladder Street (so
called from the bladders formerly sold there,
•when the shambles were in Newgate Street,) to
Paternoster Row, while the latter was situated on
Ludgate Hill. It is probable the name of Naked
Boy Court took its origin from a sign at some
time affixed to one of the houses situated therein,
and was not peculiar to Ludgate Hill ; as there
were other places of the same name, in Little El-
bow Lane, Thames Street, and the Strand, while
Naked Boy Alleys were situated in Piccadilly
and Southwark ; and Naked Boy Yards in Back
Street, Lambeth, and Deadman's Place; whilst
Pannier Alley, more probably, derived its name
from being the standing-place of bakers with their
panniers, when bread was sold, not in shops as at
the present day, but in markets only.
EVERARD HOME COLEMAN.
79. Wood Street, Cheapside.
Names of Streets (2nd S. ii. 387.)— The two
Queries in " N. & Q." on " Public House Signs,"
"The Naked Man" and "Naked Boy Court,"
remind me of a very remarkable name of a street
in Amiens, some thirty-five years since, which
gave strong reminiscence of the revolutionary
period of 1792. The street bore the ominous
name of Rue Corps nu sans tete. Our neighbours
have, to English ears at least, some very strange
names for their streets : few places perhaps more
than Boulogne-sur-Mer, which rejoices, among
others, in the following : Rue des Vieittards, Rue
Fid de Bceuf, Rue Puits d1 Amour, Rue tant perde
tant paye — possibly formerly the location of a
gambling house. But under what circumstances
the following singular appellation was given has
always been a puzzle to me, Rue ecoute si pluie.
I should be glad if any of your intelligent corre-
spondents could give the origin of these odd
phrases, particularly the last two ? R. H.
Kensington.
Races on Foot by naked Men (2nd S. ii. 329.) —
In reply to a Query by your correspondent,
HENRY T. RILEY on this subject, such races as he
describes are now in vogue in South Staffordshire ;
and were, until within the last few years, very
common : in fact, all the foot-races I have heard
of in this vicinity have come off in the same man-
ner as the first race described by MR. RILEY on
Whitworth Moor. One Whitmonday, about four
years ago, I saw a race "against time" run on a
public turnpike road in Westbromwich, by a man
whose only clothing was a very small pair of
drawers ; this race was witnessed by some hun-
dreds of people of both sexes. In the summer
season, I have often come upon a batch of "run-
ners" practising in a secluded spot for some forth-
coming race, and they were invariably divested of
all clothing, save the drawers ; their object being
to carry as little weight as possible. E. P.
Dudley.
NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.
Mr. Peter Cunningham is a very lucky fellow. He has
been entrusted, and his peculiar knowledge justifies the
selection, with the editorship of the first collected edition
of an English Classic ; and as this will no doubt hereafter
be the standard one, Cunningham's Walpole will hence-
forward be as regularly quoted as Tyrwhitt's Chaucer.
That Walpole is an English classic, who will gainsay?
With the exception of James Howel, he was in point of
time the first of English letter-writers. That he is first
in literary rank the majority of readers will readily admit.
With fancy and imagination enough for a poet, learning
sufficient to have established his reputation as a scholar,
wit equal to both, and a social position which put him in
possession of all the gossip and scandal of the day, what
wonder is it that Horace Walpole should shine pre-
eminent as a letter- writer? His style, modelled upon
those sparkling French writers whom he so delighted in,
is perfect in its ease and simplicity ; and his pictures of
society combine at once the truth of Hogarth and the
grace of Watteau. When we add that in his delightful
correspondence one may read the political and social his-
tory of England from the middle of the reign of George
the Second to the breaking out of the first French Revo-
lution, we do not risk damaging our reputation as pro-
phets, when we predict that, great as has been the success
of former publications of these Letters, yet greater suc-
cess will attend the present edition. For be it remem-
bered, this edition contains not only all the letters hitherto
published, arranged in chronological order, and many
now first collected or first made public, but also the
notes of all previous editors, among whom are Lord
2»« S. NO 52., DEC. 27. '56. ]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
519
Dover, Mr. Croker, the Misses Berry, and the Rev.
John Mitford. Mr. Cunningham has come to his task,
therefore, under very fortunate circumstances. He has
been preceded by men familiar with the events and
persons of whom Wai pole writes, and one less practised
in the duties of an editor, less intimate with the literature
and history of Walpole's period, than Mr. Cunningham,
could scarcely have failed in making a good book ; no
wonder, then, that with such materials and such resources
he has produced the work by which he is destined to be
remembered hereafter.
Among other books suited to the season, under its
graver aspect, we may mention two which have just
reached us. The first, by the Warden of Sackville Col-
lege, is on a branch of ecclesiastical literature too little
known and valued, viz. Medieval Preaching. There can
be little doubt, therefore, that the volume, which is en-
titled Mediceval Preachers and Mediaval Preaching, a
Series of Extracts translated from, the Sermons of the
Middle Ages, chronologically arranged, with Notes and an
Introduction, by the Rev. J. M. Neale, will be welcome to
a large class of readers. The same may be said of the
second, which bears at the close of the historical notice
which is prefixed to it the initials " E. B. P." It is a
work of a highly devotional character, and is entitled
Meditations and* Prayers to the Holy Trinity and Our
Lord Jesus Christ, by S. Anselm, sometime Archbishop of
Canterbury.
The Publishers of " N. & Q." have in the press a new
edition of The Complete Works of George Herbert, and
would feel obliged by the loan of any annotated copies of
his Poems, &c., or separate notes illustrative of obscure
passages.
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CORLICISM DISPLAYED. London. 12mo. 1718.
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KEY TO THE DUNCIAD. Second Edition. 1729.
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INDEX,
SECOND SERIES. — VOL. II.
[For classified articles, see ANONYMOUS WORKS, BOOKS RECENTLY PUBLISHED, EPITAPHS, FOLK LORE, INSCRIPTIONS,
MACAULAY ILLUSTRATIONS, PHOTOGRAPHY, POPIANA, PROVERBS, QUOTATIONS, SHAKSPEARE, and SONGS AND BALLADS.]
A.
A. on Penrith Castle, 70.
Abbey libraries, 349.
Abbot (Mordecai), his family, 41 1.
Abhba, on Crab's English, Irish, and Latin Dictionary,
372.
Cromwell in Ireland, 352.
Danish forts in Ireland, 353.
Deluge, its universality, 191.
Dinner hour, temp. Elizabeth, 187.
Groves's Irish Historical Library, 411.
Irish ecclesiastical benefices, 469.
Irish high sheriffs, 508.
" Knowledge is Power," 352.
Marazion in Cornwall, 432.
Mystery, on the pope's tiara, 248.
Ouzel galley, 419.
Petty (Sir Wm.) " Briefe of Proceedings," 449.
Plague of mice in 1581, 186.
Plunkett's Light to the Blind, 118.
Ringsend, a local name, 149.
Russian dynasty, 468.
Saracen, its derivation, 229.
Sleep protracted, 227.
South Sea schemes, 386.
Symond's Court Castle, 353.
Wolves in Ireland, 120.
A. (C.) on Sir Edmund Andres", 279.
Acatery, its derivation, 270. 317.
Accession service, author of Prayer for Unity, 109.
199.
Acoustic query, 410.
Addison (Joseph) and his Hymns, 49. 314.
Adrian IV., bull conferring Ireland on Henry II., 84.
Adulteration of food in Shakspeare's day, 283.
Advertisement, curious, 46.
A. (E. H.) on almshouses recently founded, 439.
English words ending in " -il," 277.
Horse-talk, 337.
" Instructions for Lent," 329.
Mortuaries, 279.
<: Political Caricatures," 329.
" Standing in another's shoes," 339.
A. (E. H.) on sun-dial inscription, 299.
Uthwatt family, 230.
Aerolite worship, 19.
JUtites, or eagle-stone, 250.
Affinis on Sir Ferdinando Gorges, 158.
A. (F. S.) on jumping dance of Echternaoh, 188.
Torch dance at Berlin, 405.
Agincourt, ballad on, 349.
Agricultural suicides, 129.
Ague, remarkable cure for it, 326.
Airam on elephants in India, 371.
Akenside (Mark), " Pleasures of the Imagination," 407.
" Alarm, or alarum'd," its early use, 507.
Alasco's liturgy, 67.
Alban's (St.), Boke of, 130.
Alberoni (Card.) on the partition of Turkey, 447.
Alderman of London fined 501, 349.
Aler (Paul), author of " Gradus ad Parnassivm," 230.
Alfred's Boethius, by Wright, on a passage, 408.
'AAteus on biographical queries, 53.
Commons' Report of 1719, 18.
Dublin names of places, 377.
St. Richard, king of the West Saxons, 1 6.
" World Unmasked," its author, 476.
Allegiance, works on, 22.
Allingham (John Till), dramatist, 65.
Allman (T. J.) on James II.'s proclamation, 284.
Longevity, 258.
" Allow," its meaning in the Baptismal Service, 10. 97.
Almshouses recently founded, 189. 300. 439.
Alpaca introduced into England, 167. 319.
A. (M.) on Gually's dragoons, 458.
Punch and Judy, 496.
Rubrical query, 118.
Amalfitan table, 307.
America, connection of the ancients with, 309.
America, its name faulty, 306.
American Christian names, 339. '
American-German English, 246.
American States, their nicknames, 309. 475.
Amherst (Nicholas), " Protestant Popery," 422.
Amphibious animal in Scotland, 409.
Amusements, popular, in 1683, 286.
" An," its frequent misuse, 229.
522
INDEX.
Andre' (Major), his remains, 396.
Andros (Sir Edmund), §0*9. 279.
Aneroid, its etymology, 98. 158. 337. 417.
Anglesey (James Annesley, Earl of) sold into slavery,
373.
Anglo-Saxon charters, republication of, 401.
Animals, their responsibility to man, 69.
Anitrebor on " The Vine," a parable, 68.
Anne (Queen), her foster-father, 86. 154. 276.
Anon on Reginald Bligh, 97.
Bath Characters, 253.
Cre'pin (Jean de), 491.
Double Christian names, 516.
Draught, a provincialism, 388.
Gamage family, 48.
Henley-on- Thames, 18.
Monastic libraries, 258.
O'Kelly the Irish bard, 239.
Prester John, 48.
Quotation, 250.
" Rebukes for Sin," its author, 30.
Simon the medallist, 115.
Sugar-Loaf mountains, 508.
Anonymous Works : —
Adventures of a Black Coat, 467.
Alfred, or the Magic of Nature, 87.
Antiquity, a farce, 67.
Antonio Foscarini, a drama, 109.
Art of Complaisance, by S. C., 351.
Bath Characters, 172. 253. 397.
Blister, or a Little Piece to Draw, 307.
Book of Knowledge, 90.
Carmina Quadragesimalia, 130. 197. 312. 355.
435. 511.
De Rayo, or the Haunted Priory, 148.
Destruction of Small Vices, 190.
Don Juan, Stanzas in Continuation of, 229. 439.
Earl Harold, 171.
Edinburgh Plays, 11.
Essay on the Oxford Tracts, 269.
First of March, a poem, 410.
Garden of Florence, 274.
General Review, 491.
Gisela, a tragedy, by J. J. H., 269.
Gradus ad Parnassum, 230.
History of a French Louse, 467.
History of the Sevarites, 455.
Hookwell (Doctor), a novel, 231.
Horace, the Lyric Works of, 490.
Ingrate's Gift, a dramatic poem, 269.
Innocents, a sacred drama, 438.
Instructions for Lent, 329. 399.
Ivar, a tragedy, 508.
Jokeby, a burlesque imitation of Rokeby, 49.
Law and Lawyers laid Open, 371. 513.
Maurice and Berghetta, 450.
Memoirs of a Deist, 488.
Moschus, the Poetical Works of, 449.
Night's Adventures, or the Road to Bath, 269.
Olden Times : or the Rising of the Session, 430.
Parliamentary Debate for admitting Ladies to the
Commons, 229.
Pedestrian Tour through Wales and England, 269.
Peep at the Wiltshire Assizes, 229. 277.
Philistines, or the Scotch Tocsiu sounded, 49.
Anonymous Works : — •
Poem on a Skull, 430.
Present for an Apprentice, 1 1 .
Prison Amusements, by Paul Positive, 60.
Prometheus Britannicus, 229.
Proverbs, Commentary on the Book of, 1596, 132.
Rebellion in Bath, 397.
Rebukes for Sin, by T. D., 30. 99.
Remedy against Superstition, 132.
Rights of Boys and Girls, 210.
Romance of the Pyrenees, 459.
Rufus. or the Red'King, 269. 358.
Sisters' Tragedy, 129.
Strictures on the Lives of Eminent Lawyers, 451.
Tarantula, or Dance of Fools, 310.
Trafalgar, or the Sailors' Play, 499.
Unknown, a drama, 437.
Violet, or the Danseuse, 99.
Voice of the Rod, 110.
" Weep not for me," a Sermon, 492.
Wife, or Women as they Are, 289.
Woolgatherer, 410.
World Unmasked ; or, the Philosopher the Greatest
Cheat, 390. 476.
Antiquaries' Society, its printing department, 440.
" Antiquite's du Bosphore Cimmerien," 47.
Antony's (St.) fire, called erysipelas, 191.
Antwerp, master masons of, 249.
Apostle spoons, 112. 139.
A. (R. A.) on Ayreys of Westmorland, 309.
Arachne on German Concordance, 432.
Spiders' webs, 450.
Archer, an English sirname, 350. 417.
Architecture, English and Foreign, 447.
Argens (Mrs.), her letters, 352.
Ariosto's Orlando Furioso, early illustrated editions,
173. 279.
Aristotle, means of reading his Logic, 81. 118. 139.
Aristotle's Organon, English translation, 12. 39 ; Pro-
verbs, 48. 118.
Armorial bearings, origin of grants, 354 ; queries, 229.
269.
Armorial on Mark Strother of Kirknewton, 352.
Arms in a church in Leicestershire, 430.
Arncliffe, co. York, deed relating to, 347.
Arne (Dr.), Oratorio of Abel, author of the words, 490.
Arnold of Westminster, 110. 160. 218.
Art Curius on Ibbetson and Smith, artists, 172.
Arterus on Glasgow city arms, 13.
Nolo episcopari, 197.
Premature interments, 233.
Artificers' hours of work, temp. Henry VIII., 267-
Artillery, royal regiment of, 51.
Artillery used in 17th century, 328. 414.
Ashford (Mary) mnrdered by Abel Thornton, 241. 433.
Aspasia's wart, 130. 199.
Aspland (R. B.) on Lord Halifax and Mrs. Barton, 390.
Premature interments, 232.
Atkynson (Wm.) of Haytefeld Woodhouse, his inven-
tory, 204.
Attachiatio, its meaning, 212.
Atterbury (Bp.) and Thomas Gent, 301.
Augustine (St.), his mission to England, 232.
Australian colonist, the oldest, 307. 378.
INDEX.
523
Axmouth, house inscriptions, 26.
Ayliff (Mr.) of the Duchy Court, 210.
B.
B. on Butler possessions in Wiltshire, &c., 10.
" Care vale; sed non seternum," 417.
Roman days of the week, 133.
Songs on tobacco, 471.
£. on " Maurice and Berghetta," 450.
Pre-existence, 454.
B. 1. on Mrs. Gwynne, 377.
Sidney Montagu, 256.
B. (A.) on crooked naves, 276.
Miirrement in Gower, 391.
0. (a.) on Miss Edgeworth, 36.
Spelling of names, 36.
Tale wanted, 11.
Baalbec, temple of the San, 49. 114. 179.
Bac, on premature interments, 278.
Bacon (Lord) and the authorship of Shakspeare's Plays,
267. 320. 369. 503, 504; were claret and coffee
known to him ? 371. 458.
Baesh (Sir Edward), noticed, 189.
Baird (James) of Chesterhall, 308. 498.
Baker (Sir Richard), character of his " Chronicle," 509.
Bakers, punishment of dishonest, 20.
Ballads, their importance, 211. 477.
Ballard (Mrs.) epitaph at Ryde, 408. 457.
Balloons in which Marshal Jourdan ascended, 307.
Bamboozle, its derivation, 390.
Baridalore: Robespierre, 350. 416.
" Bantering," its early use, 506.
Barbadoes, its mysterious vault, 103.
Barber (John), captain of the Westminster-school, 361.
Barker, the sophister of King's College, 491.
Barker (J. N.), American writer, 430.
Barker (Thomas), an early English printer, 467.
Barmby (G.) on modern Judaism, 278.
Barnfield and Shakspeare, 8.
Bar- Point on great events from little causes, 336.
Barrett (Eaton Stannard), his anonymous works, 310;
death, 36.
Barrios (Le Celebre), 468.
Barton (Catherine) and Lord Halifax, 161. 265. 390.
Bashett family, 416.
Basseville (Hugo), biographical notice, 12.
Bastard child murdered, epitaph on, 506.
Bastards spanning their wrists, 173.
Bates (Wm.) on Ode attributed to Lord Byron, 48.
Cooper's portrait of Cromwell, 33.
Fellow, its etymology, 285.
Mankind and their destroyers, 280.
Nature and her mould for man, 225.
Premature interments, 103.
Regiments, notes on, 213.
Songs on tobacco, 471.
Tde wanted, 75.
Time and his pen or ploughshare, 326.
Vestris (Madame), her parentage, 270.
" Bath Characters, or Sketches from Life," 172. 253.
295. 397.
Bathurst (Mr.), his disappearance, 48. 95. 137.
Battel, wager of, 241. 433.
Battens, or sheaves of straw, 409.
Bavens, why faggots so culled, 270.
Bay windows, their origin, 174. 337.
B. (C. M.) on Queen Anne's foster-father, 86.
B. (C. W.) on Dr. George Campbell, 432.
Marranys, its meaning, 492.
B. (D.) on Major-General Stanwix, 37.
B. (E.) on Ratfaelle's pictures in England, 192.
Beans, white and black, used for voting, 408.
Beauchamp family arms, 112. 159. 234.
Beaufort House, Chelsea, 324.
B. (E. C.) on Bradshaws of D'Arcy Lever, 249.
Becket (Thomas a), grace-cup, 31; his sister's portion,
386.
Beckingham (E.) on dry collodion processes, 473.
B. (E. D.) on Bishop Butts, 17.
Gamage family, 136.
Bede (Cuthbert) on execution of a prisoner, 85.
Illuminated MS. at the White House, 481. 501.
Lord of Burleigh, 457.
Merry England, 277.
Pale, North Malvern, 66.
Partridges scented by dogs, 350.
Poems in praise of tobacco, 332.
Priests' hiding-places, 337.
Song, " Hallow my fancie," 57.
Temperature at the Incarnation, 466.
Weather sayings, 227.
Behmen (Jacob) and Sir Isaac Newton, 38. 92.'
Bellamy (Daniel), noticed, 507.
"Bell bastard," a term of reproach, 487.
Bellerophon, not mentioned in Ovid, 410. ;
Bell-founder in 1722, 467.
Bell gable for three bells, 467.
Bellisarius on near-sightedness, 149.
Belphos on elephants and blood of mulberries, 388.
Bennet family, 229.
Bennett (G. \V.) on Spring Gardens, Greenwich, 456.
Bennett (James) on Sir Robert Mansel, 499.
" Obnoxious," its various senses, 111.
Quercus.sessiliflora, 493.
Bensley (Robert), the actor, 356.
Bentley (Richard) on Letters of Horace Walpole, 66.
Bergholt (East), extracts from its parish books, 121.
B. (F.) on showers of wheat, 289.
B. (F. C.) on lawn billiards, 10.
Releat, a provincialism, 12.
Rose of Jericho, 437.
B. (G. B.) on Madame de Fontevrault, 508.
Quotations wanted, 452.
Valliere (La Duchesse de la), 491.
B. (H.) on " The Ladies Cabinet Opened," &c,, 333.
Premature interments, 358.
Bible forgery: " Paul a knave," 389.
Bible, omission of /"in marginal references, 331.
Biblical epitomes, 386. 496,
Bibliographical scrap-book, mottoes for, 408.
Bibliothecar. Chetharn. on Apologie of Jack Ketch, 5.
Cavaliers' Complaint, 63.
Common-Place books, 94.
Dutch Guards' farewell to England, 461.
Literary General Index, 22. 141. 303. 445.
Plotting Levite, a satire, 164.
Trees and flowers, 72.
Biddenham maids, 404.
Bildestone, Suffolk, arms in the church, 450.
Billiards, lawn, called Trouo, 10. 75.
524
INDEX.
" Billy-boy," or sailing barge, 270.
Binford family arms, 268*.
Bingham (C. W.) on burial in unconsecrated ground,
337.
Cocks, furious, 411. '*•* ':'w
Folly, its derivation, 349.
Jeu d'esprit, 348.
More (Sir Thomas), sheriff of Dorset, 516.
Tschlin, its locality, 371.
" Biographic Universelle," its omissions, 506.
Birch (Edward), serjeant-at-law, 229.
Birch (Dr. Thomas), editions of his " Lives of Illus-
trious Men," 28.
Birch (Lieut-Gen. John), grant of arms, 42.
Births extraordinary, 226. 307.
Bishops, list of suffragan, 1.
Bishops' aprons, 411.
Bisse (Dr. Philip) noticed, 53, 54.
Bisselius (John) noticed, 173.
B. (J.) on attachiatio, 212.
Binford family arms, 268.
Birch (Edw.), serjeant-at-law, 229.
Epitaph on Passive Obedience, 143.
Indefinite article " an," 229.
Jessopp (Judge), 249.
New oath examined, and found guilty, 183.
Poor Layman's resolution in difficult times, 184.
Eaymond (Sir Charles), Bart., 268.
Black letter writing, 19.
"Black Prince," a tragedy, 491.
" Black Watch," notes" on, 266.
Blackmore (Sir Richard), his knighthood, 34 5.
Blawn-sheres explained, '65. 137. 237. 278.
Blencowe (G.) on East Bergholt registers, 121.
Bligh (Reginald) of Queen's College, Cambridge, 10.
Bligh (Lieut. Win.), his family, 411. 472.
Blood royal, what constitutes it, 507.
Blood which will not wash out, 20. 57. 97. 334.
Blood (Win.) on gypsum, bones, guano, 99.
Vessels' approach foreseen, 96.
Bloxam (Dr.) noticed, 249.
Blue and buff as party badges, 159.
B. (P.) Dublin, on Ring's End, Dublin, 315.
Boarding-schools at Hackney and Bow, 351.
Boase (John J. A.) on acatry, 270.
Mincio river, 228.
Sources d'Eaux at Buda, 338.
Bockett (Julia R.) on funeral expenses, 1751-57, 26.
St. Lawrence Church, Reading, 411.
Boeoticus on Bible marginal reference letter /J 331.
Boles (Richard), epitaph, 65. 195.
Bolingbroke (Lord), letter to Alex. Pope, 127.
Bonac (Marquis de), his family, 352.
Bonaparte family, 266.
Bonaparte (Napoleon), English letter by, 385.
Bond (Mr.) and the " Progress of Dulness," 203.
Bone (J. H. A.) on the habits of the coot, 307.
Proverb: " Like lucky John Toy," 327.
Stone at Hoyle, Cornwall, 351.
Wolves eating earth, 328.
Bones as a manure, 99. 399.
Booker (John) on mankind and their destroyers, 459.
" Book of Knowledge," its author, 90.
Books burnt, 19. 77; at Prague, 287.
Books to public libraries, 332.
Books, varnishing old, 69. 155.
Books recently published : —
Andre ws's Eighteenth Century, 440.
Arden's Scripture Breviates, 340.
Bell's Early Ballads, Illustrative of History, 320.
Bible divided into Paragraphs, 40.
Black's Picturesque Tourist of Scotland, 100.
Buckler's Churches of Essex, 340.
Cambridge Catalogue of Manuscripts, 140.
Chanter's Ferny Combes, 160.
Chappell's Popular Music of Olden Time, 140.
Croker's Boswell's Johnson, new edition, 80.
Crowe's Early Flemish Painters, 500.
De la Rue's Indelible Diary and Memorandum
Book, 379.
Dobson's Parliamentary Representation of Preston,
40.
Ferguson's Northmen in Cumberland and West-
moreland, 500.
Fox (Lieut.- Gen.), Engravings of Greek Coins,
379.
Gainsborough (Thomas), Ms Life, 100.
Gibson's Marvels of the Globe, 340.
Gosse's Manual of Marine Zoology, 479.
Greenwood's History of the Latin Patriarchate,
259.
Hamlet : the Queen an Accessory to the Murder of
her Husband, 320.
Hearne's Remains, edited by Dr. Bliss, 379.
Herd Boy, from the Swedish of Upland, 40.
Home's Introduction to the Scriptures, 10th edit.,
439.
Hotten's Catalogue and Adversaria, 500.
Humphrey's Ocean Gardens, 479.
Hunt's Treatise on Stammering, 200.
Ingleby's Outlines of Theoretical Logic, 259.
London and Middlesex ArchaBological Society's
Transactions, 440.
Maunder's Treasury of Geography, 379.
Morley's Life of Cornelius Agrippa, 379.
Murray's Handbook for Wiltshire, Dorsetshire, &c.,
140.
Neale's Farm of Aplonga, 340.
Neale's Mediaeval Preachers, 519.
North British Review, 100.
Overbury (Sir Thomas), his Works by Dr. Rim-
bault, 500.
Palmer's History of Great Yarmouth, 340.
Pedlar's Episcopate of Cornwall, 500.
Procter's Barber's Shop, 340.
Quarterly Review, No. 197., 80; No. 198., 340.
Roberta's Social History of England, 200.
Robinson (Matthew), his Autobiography, 320.
Scott (Sir Walter), Few Hours with him, 340.
— Lord of the Isles, 479.
Seven Lectures on Shakspeare and Milton, 340.
Shakspeare's Plays, their authorship, 320.
Shakspeare's Plays, by Singer, 40.
Sims's Manual for the Genealogist, &c., 160.
Smith (Dr. Wm.), Dictionary of Greek and Roman
Geography, 140.
Smyth's Catalogue of Coins belonging to the Duke
of Northumberland, 40.
Somersetshire Archaeological Society's Proceedings,
440.
Southey (Robert), Selections from his Letters, 79.
INDEX.
525
Books recently published : —
Stories by an Archaeologist and his Friends, 359.
Surrey Archzeological Society's Transactions, 440.
Todd's Index Kerum, 200.
Trollope's Girlhood of Catherine de Medicis, 479.
Vade Mecum for Tourists in France and Belgium.
200.
Wallace (Lady), Voices from the Greenwood, 500.
Waller's Catalogue of Autographs, 500.
Walpole's Letters, edited by Cunningham, 518.
Walton's Angler, by Jesse, 80.
White's Lecture, " The Boundaries of Man's Know-
ledge," 40.
Wilson (John), « The lost Solar System of the
Ancients," 359.
Bookworm on Mr. Bathurst's disappearance, 48.
Curll's publications, 384.
Pretended dauphins, 84.
Boomerang, early allusion to it, 407. 475. 497.
Boruwlaski (Count), 157.
Bothwell (Francis Stuart, Earl of), last place of confine-
ment, 141. 219.
Botiller family arms, 419.
Bottles filled by pressure of the sea, 59. 114. 220.
Boxing-day in law courts and theatres, 68.
Boyd (E. Lennox) on Ouzel galley, 456.
Braban9ons, mercenary soldiers, 499.
Bradshaws of D'Arcy Lever, 249. 294.
Brady and Tate's Psalms, authorship, 309.
Brahe (Tycho), his genius, 264.
Brasses, monumental, 425.
Brawn, a celebrated cook, 196. 235.
Bray (Dr. Thomas), libraries in America, 109.
Brewer's bequest, 249. 339.
B. (R. H.) on " Bath Characters," 397.
" A Peep at Wiltshire Assizes," 229.
Brittox, a street in Devizes, 431.
Indian war medal, 508.
Bridgewater (Duke of) and canal locks, 387.
Briefs collected in Ormesby St. Margaret, 222.
Brilley church and funeral stone, Herefordshire, 307.
British Museum new reading-room, 379.
Brittox, a street in Devizes, 431.
Brockie (Wm.) on the last gibbet, 296.
Bromley (Thomas), his Works, 488.
Bromyard, the calends at, 110. 236. 276. 419. 494.
Brooke (Richard) on ducking-stool, 99.
Brookshaw (Edw.) on last gibbet in England, 439.
Brown (C. P.) on Armelle Nicolas' s confession, 413.
Brown (Douglas), on deed relating to Arncliffe, 347.
Brown (James), his " London Directory," 308.
Browne (Capt. R.), of Gually's dragoons, 288. 458.
Browne (Hawkins), " A Pipe of Tobacco," 332.
Bruce (John) on Letters of Gustavus Adolphus, &c., 261.
Brunnanburh battle, 229. 277. 295.
Brunswick dynasty, casting vote, 43. 97. 153. 198. 280.
Brute Chronicles, their publication, 128.
B. (R. W.) on bell inscription, 299.
Bitter beverages, 392.
Chewing the cud, 190.
Clergymen wearing cassocks, 516.
Gibbet, the last in England, 216.
Green rose, 300.
Guano, as a manure, 194.
" Hair of the dog that bit you," 239.
B. (R. W.) on juries laying their heads together, 265.
Knowledge is power, 487.
Naves, crooked, 207*
Worthley (Grace), 497.
Bryant (Charles) of Norwich, 430.
Brydges family, 249.
Brydges (Sir Sam. Egerton), a military officer, 464.
B. (S.) on obnoxious, 111.
B. (T.) on armorial queries, 269.
Gelsthorp family arms, 211. 518.
St. Frideswide, 270.
Sir Robert Sale's arms, 350.
B. (T. B.) on the Pope and Blount Letters, 344.
Buchanan (Mr.), president of the United States, 45 1 .
Buck-basket, its derivation, 373.
Buckton (T. J.) on Baalbec temple, 114.
Calvary, its locality, 97.
Candide and the Quarterly Review, 398.
Deluge, its universality, 240.
Dismissal of non-communicants, 205.
General Epistles, 276.
Gbthe on the Antigone of Sophocles, 123.
Greek cross, 257.
Gypsies, or Romees, 193.
Hebrew Scriptures, authorised version, 474.
" Par ternis suppar," 239.
Punch and Judy, 495.
Saracen, its derivation, 298.
Bud, its etymology, 144.
Buda, Turkish inscription at, 218.; sources d'eaux, 218 .
338. 419.
" Buffooning," its early use, 506.
Building, the oldest in Britain, 449.
Bulgaria, the Christian bell heard at, 326.
Burge (Geo.) on Chattel-ton's portrait, 231.
Burial in unconsecrated ground, 337.
Burial with coffins, 454.
Buriensis on Lepell's regiment, 416.
Burke (Edmund), " Literary Remains," 372.
Burke (Wm.), the murderer, dissected, 251.
Burleigh (the Lord of), 457.
Burn (J. S.) on parish registers, 118.
Simon (Thomas), medallist, 276.
Burnet (Bp. Gilbert), letter on the landing of the Prince
of Orange, 244. ; Treatises on Polygamy and Divorce,
131.
Burnet (Dr. Thomas), " Archaeologia," 321.
Burns (Robert), inedited poetry, 506.
Barrett (W. A.) on the rites of gypsies, 11.
Buslingthorpe family arms, 328.
Bass, or Butt (Mrs.), Queen Anne's nurse, 155.
Butler possessions in Wiltshire, &c., 10.
Butler (Rev. Richard) on harp in arms of Ireland, 13.
Butts (Dr. Robert), bishop of Ely, 17. 478.
B. (W. K. R.) on ancient parliamentary speech, 430.
By field (Nicolas), his " Pattern of Wholesome Words,"
211. 338.
Byrom (Dr. John), his Jacobite toast, 292. ; paraphrase
on the motto of "N. & Q.," ib.
Byron (Lord), Ode attributed to him, 48.
Byng (E. E.) on ancient British saints, 68.
Hengist and Horsa, 76.
Memorials of former greatness, 99.
"Pence a piece," 118.
Rand, its derivation, 138.
Tobacco drinking, 95.
526
INDEX.
Byng (E. E.) on umbrella, or parasol, 76.
Weather in 1856, 139.
C. on Archer, the English surname, 417.
Bandalore and Robespierre, 416.
Carmagnoles, 394.
Contributors' names, 457.
Fleur-de-lis, 510.
Folly, its derivation, 436.
Hayne, its meaning, 78.
Henderson (John), 458.
Horse-godmother, 499.
Irish round towers, 79.
Jacobite song, 79.
Leaning towers, 456.
Lines quoted by Sir Robert Peel, 75.
Pamphlet, its derivation, 460.
Pope and Warburton, 242.
Port Jackson, 77.
Richmond Park, verses in, 395.
Spanish proverbs, 456.
Striking in the king's court, 75.
Swift's inedited letter, 256.
Swift's portraits, 96. 254.
Ventre St. Gris, 476.
C. de D. on Lady Selby's epitaph, 314.
C. (A. B.) on Brawn, 196.
Cabinet, mosaic, at Crystal Palace, 411.
Cabinet councils, their origin, 427. 507.
Cacadore on Sahagun sword-blades, 172.
Cselius of Rhodes, his Commentaries, 487.
Cair guin truis, its locality, 451.
Calends, its meaning, 110. 236. 276. 419. 494.
Calonne (M de), eulogium on the English nation, 83.
Calvary, its locality, 34. 97.
Calvin's Genevan liturgy. 67.
Camb. on Pope at Cambridge, 182.
Cambridge clods, 170.
Cambridge jeu d'esprit, 408.
Camoens, translator of the " Island," 37.
Campbell (Dr. Archibald) noticed, 432.
Campbell (Duncan), and the " Progress of Dulness," 203.
Campbell (Dr. George) noticed, 432.
Canada, derivation of the name, 428. ; longevity of the
inhabitants, 37.
Canal locks, their inventor, 387,.
Canard, origin of the word, 370.
Candler or Chandler family, 150.
Canina (Luigi), architect, 370.
Canonicals worn in public, 479.
Canute (King) noticed, 303.
Capitaines, the advoydyng of, temp. Edw. VI., 287.
Captious on prisoners of war, 191.
Carey (Henry), his parentage, 413.
Carey (Walter) noticed, 372.
Caricatures, 1755- 1760, 329. 413.
Carleton Curlieu, pronunciation of its people, 469.
Carmagnoles, music of, 269. 335. 394.
Carmes, unoblitcrated blood in the convent, 57.
" Carmina Quadragesimalia," its authors, 130. 197. 312.
355. 435. 511.
Cavrington (F. A.) on armorial queries, 300.
Artillery in the 17th century, 414.
Carrington (F. A.) on churching place, 382.
Human skin tanned, 299.
Carrington (H. E.) on Illustrations of the Simplon, 280.
"Think on me," 219.
Cassock, long and short, 412. 516.
Castell (Dr.). his trouble with his diocesan, 228.
Cat worship, 46.
Caterer, its derivation, 270.
Cathedral stalls, parliamentary returns, 89.
Catholicus on " Tan turn ergo," 59.
Cats, tailless, at Cambridge, 385.
Caulfield (Mrs. Edwin Toby), dramatic writer, 438.
" Cavalier's Complaint," 63.
C. (B. H.) on fish being tamed, 235.
Rand, a provincialism, 237.
Saracens, 314.
C. (B. N.) on » Carmina Quadragesimalia," 355. 511.
C. (C.) on Enstammt, or Erstourt, 330.
Gamage family, 336.
Rue in criminal courts, 351.
C. (C. H.) on Charles Cotton, 228.
C. (C. 0.) on Charles I. and Cromwell, 111.
C. (C. Y.) on " Chara valeto," &c., 289.
C. (E.) on remote traditions through few links, 29.
Roger de Wakenfelde, 387.
Celtic element in the English language, 308. 395. 439.
Celts in Europe, 55.
Centurion on bavens and billy-boy, 270.
Notes on regiments, 36.
Cervus on arms in Severn Stoke church, 1 12.
Cestriensis on McTurk and Williams, 197.
Ceyrep on curious epitaphs, 306.
C. (F. A.) on arms in Severn Stoke church, 234.
Carmagnoles, music of, 395.
C. (G. H.) on medal of Charles I. and Henrietta Maria, 29.
C. (G. R.) on Arnold of Westminster, 218.
Little Burgundy, 86.
Rawsons of Fryston, Yorkshire, 27.
C. (H, A.) on Aristotle's logic, 118.
Poem on a mummy, 137.
Chadwick (J. N.) on William Cooper, 357.
Channel Islands, its heraldry, 270. 319.
Chanvallon (Francois de) on the fall of Namur, 364.
Charles I. and Henrietta Maria, medal, 29. 59. 120.
Charles I.'s letter to the Wells corporation, 185.
Charles I., relationship to Oliver Cromwell, 111. 239.
Charles II., letter to Queen of Bohemia, 111.
Charlotte (Queen), her drinking-glasses, 109.
Charnock (R. S.) on humulus and lupulus, 392.
Prideaux family, 512.
Queries on a tour, 16.
Regatta, 477.
Rue, the herb of grace, 479.
Saguntum sword-blades, 417.
Satellite, its derivation, 134.
Turkish inscription at Buda, 218.
Chateau (J. H.) on American Christian names, 339.
Chatterton (Thomas), portrait, 171. 231.
C. (H. B.) on claret and coffee known to Bacon, 371.'
De Witts' murder, 64.
George the Fourth's boots, 465.
Mollerus' Poems, 116.
Pagan Philosopher: Rabiger, 416.
Sybil, lines on the, 473.
Voltaire's Candide, its continuation, 398.
Check, or cheque, its orthography, 191. 377. 459.
INDEX.
527
" Cheer," or " good cheer," its derivation, 4.
Cheshire games, circ. 1630, 487.
Chesnut-horse and horse-chesnut, 370.
Chester, King's School, 249.
Chetwood (Wm. Rufus), 321.
Cheverells on armorial query, 229.
Biddenden maids, 404.
Chewing the cud, 190.
Cheyne (Dr. George), 147. 254.
Chilcombe churches, near Winchester, 165. 256.
" Chimara," a poem, its author, 30.
Chimney, the first in England, 410.
China Independence, 327.
Chinese acquaintance with classic history, 329.
Chinese inscriptions found in Egypt, 387. 498.
Christian and surnames in America, 29. 197.
Christian names, double, 197. 299. 516.
" Christian Sodality : or Catholic Hive of Bees," 339.
Chubb (J.) on Egyptian locks, 147.
Churchill (John) and the Duchess of Cleveland, 463. ;
his Satires, 466.
Churching place in early times, 382.
Gibber (Colley), turned out of the House of Lords, 21.
Circumnavigator on oldest Australian colonist, 378.
Quercus robur, 358.
Civil wars, memorials of, 185.
C. (L.) on lightning conductors to ships, 87.
Clapperton (William) noticed, 17.
Clarence (George Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of), his death,
221. 297. 335. 516.
Clarke (Hyde) on Simon the medallist, 77.
Wyld's great globe, 348.
Clayton (Dr. John), and coal gas, 224.
Cleland (Col.), his " Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure,"
351. 376. 418.
Clergy buried with face towards the west, 112.
Clerical county magistrates, 297.
Clericus on geraniums, their significations, 38.
Germination of seeds, 117.
Clericus D., on painting of siege of Namur, 149.
Pope Urban VI., 451.
Clericus Rusticus on horse-chesnut and chesnut-horse,
370.
" Paul a knave." 389.
Precentor of province of Canterbury, 389.
Weather rhymes, 516.
Clerk of the Wardrobe, 308.
Clerkenwell, ministers of St. James's, 1722—1757,
309. 417.
Cleveland (Barbara Villiers, Duchess of), and John
Churchill, 463.
Clue (M. de la) noticed, 506.
C. (M.) on epitaph in Plumstead churchyard, 305.
Leaning towers, 478.
Proverb on Rome, 129.
C. (Me.) on eggs in heraldry, 353.
Coach miseries in olden time, 126. 313. 432.
Cob.bett (Wm.), his tomb, 317.
Cocker (Edmund) and his Works, 252. 310.
Cock-fighting, its origin, 8.
Cocks, furious ones, 411. 459. 517.
" Codex Diplomaticus," new edition, 401.
Coffer, its ancient meaning, 69. 117. 219.
Coin collectors, caution to, 300.
Coins, forgeries of Roman, 406; imitations of,. 465;
scriptural legends on, 436.
Coke (Sir Edward), spelling of his name, 19. 58. 159.
Coleman (E. H.) on Apostle spoons, 139.
Naked-boy court, 518.
Coleridge (S. T.) on reason and understanding, 255.; the
common soldier in the " Friend," 267.; unpublished
lines, 369.
Collerne (Elizabeth), her baptismal entry, 306.
Collier (J. Payne) on ballad on Agincourt, 349.
His reply to an attack upon him, 340.
Shakspeare and Barntield, 8.
Collins (Wm.) Ode, " How sleep the brave," 489.
Collyns (Wm.) on common-place books, 219.
" Dissenters Dissected," 68.
Forensic wit, 168.
Kenton bells, 348.
Quercus robur, 434.
Colman (Geo.), preface to his "Iron Chest," 70. 178.
Colombo (Fernando) and Henry VIII., 170. 437.
Colville (Sam.), author of "The Great Imposture," 351.
Comenius (John Amos) and education, 170.
Comet of 1556, its return, 105; of December, 1680,
269. 316.
Commons Committee, Special Report, 1719, 18.
Common-place books, 38, 94. 219; mottoes for, 327.
399.
Common-Place Books for the Bible, 304.
Common Prayer-book, the Occasional Services, 88. 109.;
Thanks after reading the Gospel, and reverence in the
Venite, 467.
Commonwealth, " Commission for Public Preachers,"
373. 438.
Compensativeness, or anti-monastic philosophy, 348.
Concordance to Luther's Bible, 432. 475.
Conflans (Le Mare'chal de) noticed, 506.
Congrelaticosualists, 1 10.
Connecticut charter oak, 226. 386.
Constantina, superstition at, 145.
Contributors' names to " N. & Q.," 382. 457.
Conway papers, 468.
Cook, a noble Scotch one, 87. 137.
Cooper (C. H.) on Henry Justice, 514.
Cooper (C. H. and Thompson) on Barker, the sophister
of King's, 491.
Bligh (Reginald), 10.
Hood (Thomas), M.D., 10.
Hotham (Rev. Charles), 10.
Ordinaries of arms, 293.
Ormston (Sir Roger), 409.
Stapylton (Sir Robert and Philip), 468.
Cooper (Samuel), portrait of Cromwell, 33.
Cooper (Thompson) on Milton's Works by Symmons,
505.
Cooper (Wm.). author of " The Student of Jena," 307.
357.
Cooper (Wm. Durrant) on the Crom wells and Oliver St.
John, 381.
Coot, its habits, 307. 477.
Cope (Sir John), descendants, 68.
Copernican system and the papal condemnation, 248.
Corder (Wm.), the murderer, 458. 515.
Corkscrews and bottlescrews, 466.
Corn measures, 131. 196.
Corporate and parochial records, 505.
Corser (Thomas) on Wotton's " Courtlie Controversie,"
428.
Corsican brothers: Nicholas and Andrew Tremaine, 10.
528
INDEX.
Cotswolds, Gloucestershire, horse-racing on, 418.
Cotton (Archdeacon) on^Richard Lingard's will, 175.
Cotton (Charles), poet, 228.
Couch (Jonathan) on political poem, 45.
" Country Parson's Honest Advice," 69.
Courier newspaper bribed, 18. •«
" Court Poems," their literary history, 341.
Courtney family, discrepancies in the Peerage, 404.
Coutereaux, mercenary soldiers, 499.
Coventry god-cakes, 229.
Coverdale (Bp. Miles), " New Testament," 30.
Cowper (B. H.) on Cocker and his works, 311.
Old house at Poplar, 231.
Oriental literature, 364.
Cowper (Bp. Wm.), his " Holy Alphabet," 298.
Cowper (Lord Chancellor), accused of bigamy, 150.
Cowper (Spencer) and Sarah Stout, 151.
Cows, cheap travelling on, 46.
C. (P.) on meaning of Leckerstone, 247.
C. (P. L.) on Pope's letters to Cromwell, 242.
C. (K.) on Brydges family, 249.
Crab's English, Irish, and Latin Dictionary, 372.
Crane (Rev. Thomas), noticed, 124. 233/257.
Cranmer (Abp.), his recantation, 268.
Credence table, 75.
Cre'pin (Jean de), his arrest, 491.
Crests and mottoes, 28.
Cricket played by public schools, 410.
Crivellus (Johannes Franciscus), painter, 88.
Crocus (Cornelius) " Comoedia Sacra," 331.
Croker (Right Hon. J. W.) on Eton Monteni, 146.; lines
on a tree, 346. 395.
Croker (Sir John) of Lineham, his crest, 510.
Crompton (Wm.), his _/' Remedy against Superstition,"
132.
Cromwell (Oliver), his intended emigration, 152.; in
Ireland, 352.; his portraits, 468.; portrait by Cooper,
33. 97.
Cromwell family and Oliver St. John, 381.
Cromwell House, Old Brompton, 208. 291. 396.
Crookes (St. John) on nicknames of American states,
475.
Crosby (James) on Duchess of Fitz-Jarnes, 256.
Cross' (St.) hospital, Winchester, 450.
Crossley (Francis) on Baalbec, 179.
"Hey Johnny Cope," 180.
Crowe (J. 0. B.), note on Xenophon, 267.
Crusade, the fifth, 149. 218.
Crux, Oxon, on arms of Sparrow families, 431.
Crystal Palace and the monuments of Templars and
Freemasons, 25.
C. (T.) on coach miseries, 432.
" Par ternis suppar," 336.
Cuckoo, its name in different languages, 517.
Culme family of Devonshire, 330. 377.
Culpeper (Judith), noticed, 130. 177.
Cumberland (Richard), his " John de Lancaster," 247.;
oration at his grave, 468.
Cumnor, inscriptions on church bells, 438.
Cunningham (Peter) on Harriot, the great eater, 6.
Curll (Sdmuii'i,) his life and publications, 301. 321.
341. 361.401. 421. 441.
"Charitable Surgeon," 321.
Copyrights purchased by Curll, 403.
"Court Poems," 341,
Curll (Edmund), Erdeswick's Staffordshire, 403. 499.
Francklin (Richard), Curll's apprentice, 321. 383.
Kennett (Bp.), correspondence with Curll, 441.
Mist's Journal on Curll's indecent Works, 421.
441.
" Moore Worms," a broadside, 343.
"Neck or Nothing," 361.
Poisoning by Alex. Pope, 342. 383.
Pope (Alex.) and Curll, 204. 302. 321. 341 —
343. 364. 424.
Robinson (Bishop) and Curll, 424.
Rochester (Earl of), his Poems, 424.
Thoresby's correspondence with Curll, 403.
Walpole (Sir Robert), Curll's letter to him, 443.
Westminster scholars' punishment of Curll, 21.
361.
Wintoun (Earl of), his Trial printed, 401.
Works published by him, 302. 321—324. 341—
343. 383, 384. 401. 403. 423. 441.
Cuthbert (St.) in Wells, its altar, 485.
C. (W.) onacatry, 317.
Bow and bay windows, 337.
Dodsley's Collection of Poems, 315.
D.
D. on Chattel-ton's portrait, 231.
Ghost walks in theatres, 431.
Montgomery (Rev. Robert), 37.
Quotation, " How commentators," &c., 31.
Singular plant, 236.
Waller (Robert), M.P. for Chipping Wycombe, 490.
A. on fleur-de-lis, 511.
Tong parochial library. 499.
Tothill pedigrees, 372.'
A., Richmond, on leaning towers, 388.
D.'(A. A.) on ballads, 211.
Bastards, 173.
Daily service, 148.
Dismissal of non-communicants, 68.
Dreams true after midnight, 77.
Erysipelas, or St. Antony's fire, 191.
Fish being tamed, 173.
Great events from small causes, 232.
Litany suffrages, 171.
Mormonite males and females, 268.
Ornamental hermits, 119.
Poem on a Mummy, 87.
Prayer for Unity, 109.
Satellite, its derivation, 69.
Synodals, 151.
Vaughan and Rogers, 126.
Zooks, its derivation, 147.
Dactyliotheca Smythiana, 130.
Dagger money, 506.
Dagmot on shaking in a sheet, 352.
Daily service, 148. 212.
Daldy (F. R.) on Gower queries, 327. 409.
D. (A. N.) on " Par ternis suppar," 239.
Dance of Death, 188. 512.
Dancing over a husband's grave, 146.
Danish forts in Ireland, 353.
Danver.s (Sir John), noticed, 449.
Darien Company and Equivalent Company, 330. 419.
)auphins, pretended, 84.
INDEX.
529
Daveney (Henry) on crests and mottoes, 28.
Crooked naves, 38.
Epitaph at Norwich, 305.
Michaelmas goose dinner, 426.
Military dinners, 174.
Public preachers during the Commonwealth, 438.
Vilain IV. (Count), 398.
Davenport (William), noticed, 174.
Davies of the Marsh, co. Salop, 468.
Davies (F. R.) on Davies of the Marsh, 468.
Merchant's mark, 409.
Voelgrwn (Llewellyn), his arms, 490.
Davies (Lieut.-Col.), his family, 190.
Davis (Benj.) on C. U., organist, 389.
Davis (H. G.) on Cromwell House, Old Brompton, 208.
Shaftesbury House, Little Chelsea, 286.
Davis (Richard), almanac maker, 30.
Days of the week in ancient deeds, 133. 220.
8. (/3. 7.) on Rev. R, Montgomery, 78.
Ten Commandments in Roman catechisms, 79.
Validity of English orders, 78.
D. (E.) on Sir Edward Coke, 159.
Posies on gold rings, 219.
Dead, origin of burning the, 296.
Dead resuscitated, 248. 376.
Deaneries, rural, their extent and jurisdiction, 89. 120.
Death, presentiments of, 149.
Death at will, 147. 254. 358.
Decalogue in Roman Catholic catechisms, 79. 116.; its
division in the Roman church, 175.
Decimal coinage, 71. 112.
Deck (Norris) on copying encaustic tiles, 317.
Glasgow arms, 14.
Image of Diana at Ephesus, 19.
Pikemonger, his avocation, 308.
St. Richard, bishop of Chichester, 16.
" Deep-mouthed," as used by poets, 105.
Defoe (Dan.), his " Jure Divino," 508.
D. (E. H D.) on the Diamond Rock, 508.
St. Martin's-in-the-Fields, 492.
Deities who preside over the days of the weeks, 133.
220.; and the fingers, 298.
De la Pryme (C.) on fagot, ficatum, 437.
"Delia Opinione, Regina del Mondo," 431.
Delta on blue and buff, 1 59.
Jewish versions of Hebrew Scriptures, 429.
John Knox's prophecy, 159.
Modern Judaism, 148.
Montgomery (Rev. Robert), 133.
Nolo episcopari, 258.
Pre-existence, 454.
Shakspeare and Charles Lamb, 284.
Songs on tobacco, 471.
Standing in another's shoes, 278.
Stars in the East, 207.
Thanksgiving Day in United States, 258.
Deluge, its universality, 191. 240.
Demonological queries, 492.
Denton (Wm.) on hops, early notices, 391.
Mankind and their destroyers, 475.
Whitsunday, origin of the name, 99.
Derwentwater family, 336.
Descents reckoned by Christian names, 269.
Desultory Reader on " deep-mouthed," 105.
Shakspeare and his printers, 127.
Devonshire saying, 246.
D. (G.) on John Cleland, 376.
Song by old Dr. Wilde, 138.
D. (G. H.) on Bishop Butts, 478.
Double Christian names, 197.
Mayor of London in 1335, 258.
D. (H. G.) on John Till Allingham, 65.
Hundredth Psalm tune, 70.
Knaggs (Thomas), lecturer of St. Giles', 70.
Parochial libraries, 78.
Shakspeare at Paddington, 87.
Diabology, by Professor Vilmar, 268.
Dialects of England and Scotland temp. Elizabeth, 431.
476.
" Dialogues of Creatures," its various editions, 1 50.
Diamond Rock, 508.
Diana image at Ephesus, 19.
Diboll -(J. W.) on Radish boy's cry at Great Yarmouth,
405.
Dickison (Dicky) of Scarborough Spa, 189. 273.
Dictionaries, modern standard English, 191. 377.
Digby (Sir Kenelm), his " True Spirit and Practice of
Chivalry," 130.
Dinner hour temp. Elizabeth, 187.
Dinton Church, Bucks, inscription on the door, 238.
Diocese, or Diocess, its orthography, 269.
Dissection of murderers, 64. 98.
" Dissenters Dissected,'' a poem, 68.
Dixon (R. W.) on Langhorne family, 149.
Organ tuning, 457.
Port Jackson, 50.
Tale wanted, 218.
D. (J.) on Bothwell's last place of confinement, 141.
D. (K. H.) on " Love and Sorrow," &c., 89.
D. (M.) on aneroid, 158. 417.
Climate of Hastings, 149.
Dr. Cheyne, 254.
Dover Castle road, 150.
Dobson (Wm.) on Peter Newby, 315.
Dod (Dr. Thomas), Dean of Ripon, portrait, 387.
Dodd (Wm.) on Sir Guy the Seeker, 337.
Dodsley's Collection of Poems, 274. 315.
Dogs, how to frighten, 278. 337. 460.
Dogs in churches, 187.
Doily, a small cloth, origin of the name, 387. 476.
Doleman, origin of the name, 98.
Doran (Dr. J.) on Aspasia's wart, 199.
Cheap travelling on cows, 46.
" Cow and the snuffers," song, 60.
Deities who presided over the fingers, 298.
Hamilton (Emma) and Dr. Graham, 316.
Human leather, 119.
Jourdan (Marshal), his balloons, 307.
Leckerstone, 291.
Numerous families, 78.
Shakspeare : " All the world's a stage," 207.
Visiting cards, 514.
Douce (Francis), his book notes, 22. 225.; requests to
be decapitated, 103.
Douglas (C. J.) on Bolingbroke's letter to Pope, 127.
Hogarth's crest, 249.
Noble cook, 87.
Prologues and epilogues to Westminster Plays, 68.
Rhyming Dictionary, 250.
Sandys's Ovid, 255.
Severn Stoke church, arms in, 234.
Siddons (Mrs.), her birth-place, 89.
530
INDEX.
Dover Castle, origin of its road, 150.
Downeman (Rev. Geo.), Jrkys for the Earl of Essex, 61
Doxology: " Praise God from whom all blessings flow,'
its author, 309. 474.
D. (P.) on epigram on the Dunciad frontispiece, 182.
Drachsholm, Bothwell confined in its castle, 1414 *
Draper (H.) on " pence a piece," 118.
Draught, a provincialism, 388.
Dream-books, 109.
Dream superstitions, 325.
Dream testimony, the Bed Bam murder, 458. 515.
Dreams, morning, 77.
Dredge (John 10 on Eaton's Sermons, 138.
Harriot the great eater, 33.
" Rebukes for Sin," its author, 99.
Remote tradition through few links, 74.
Rolle (Samuel), 139.
Dress in 1780, 227.
"Drowned," in the sense of " buried," 221. 297. 335.
516.
Drum, words adapted to its beats, 339.
Dryden (John), his funeral, 345.
D.(S.N.) on "allow," 139.
" It," an old English idiom, 139.
D. CT. H.) on New York murder, 110.
Dublin, origin of names of places in, 315. 377.
Ducking-stool for women, 38. 98. 295.
Duke (Richard), the poet, 4.
Duncan (Lord), lines on his victory, 146.
Dunchurch, custom during Divine service, 266. 336.
516.
Duncombe (Col. John), noticed, 157. 217.
Duncumb (John), his legal fees, 173.
Dun-da-lethglas on Southwell MBS., 310.
Dunelmensis on Durham University, 412.
Dunlap (Wm.), American author, 129. 339.
Dunois (Madame), " Court of England," 400.
Dunton (John), his " Summer Ramble," 132.
Durham Castle, ancient drum at, 148.
Durham University projected by Cromwell, 412. 475.
Durmast oak, its durability, 493.
Dutch Guards' farewell to England, 461.
D. (W. S.) on Aristotle's Proverbs, 48.
E,
E. on Dicky Dickison, 273.
St. Pancras church, Middlesex, 490.
Eachard (Dr. John) and Barnabas Oley, 492.
Early rising and night watching, 388.
Eastwood (J.) on "allow" in baptismal service, 97.
Artillery in seventeenth century, 414.
Epitaph at Barnwell Priory, 478.
Gower queries, 420. 499.
Lawn billiards, 75.
Scotch Darien Company, 419.
Thanks after reading the Gospel, 467.
Eaton (Samuel), his Sermon, 93. 138.
Eber on glycerine for naturalists, 38.
Ebff. (J. Q.) on parochial library at Maldon, 218.
Echternach, the jumping dance of, 188. 512.
E. (C. P.) on ahnshouses recently founded, 439.
Eddystone 1 ghthouse, inscription on, 238.
Edgar Athe ing, 484.
Edgeworth (Miss), parentage, 36. 396.
Edinburgh Review, the first, 227.
Edward II.'s retreat into Glamorganshire, 502.
Edwards (Henry) on deans and prebendaries, 120.
Effigies on curious inn signs, 299.
Index mottoes, 357.
Leeming's picture at Hereford Cathedral, 277.
Eggs in heraldry, 353. 419.
Egyptian locks, 147.
' E. (H.) on Thomas Barker, a printer, 467.
Newcourt's Repertorium, 396.
Passports, 60.
Eirionnach on Common-Place books for the Bible, 304.
Mottoes for a bibliographical scrap-book, 408.
Mottoes for a Common-Place book, 327.
Theosophists and Mystics, 487.
E. (J.) on Hayne, a local termination, 49.
Physiology, 229.
E. (K. P. D.) on death at will, 254.
Early inventory, 204.
Longevity in Canada, 37.
Organ submerged, 420.
Parish registers, 378.
Scotch Darien Company, 419.
Selden's birth-place, 469.
Superstition ad Constantina, 145. .
Superstition of the present day, 128.
Elephants exasperated by the blood of mulberries, 388.
435.
Elephants in India, 371.
Elham, Kent, parochial library, 39.
Elizabeth (Queen) and the study of Greek, 29. ; epitaphs
on, 246.
Ellis (John), miscellaneous writer, 316.
Ellis (Sir Henry) on Newcourt's " Repertorium," 374.
E. (M.) on the blue frock coat, 370.
Encaustic tiles, how copied, 270. 317.
England (New), documents relating to, 108. 335.
Enlightenment, an unpopular word, 210. 336.
Enquirer on Minerva of Sanctius, 132.
Wray (Daniel). Junius claimant, 164.
Enstammt, or Erstourt, 330.
Entitled, or intituled, 288.
Epergne, surtout de table, 260.
Epigrams: Bless'd be the Sunday, 66.
Dunciad frontispiece, 182.
Knowledge is power, 487.
Epistles, General, why so called, 209. 276. 399.
Epitaphs : —
Adkins (William) of Winchester College, 195.
Ballard (Mrs.) at St. Thomas, Ryde, 408. 457.
Bastard child murdered by its mother, 506.
Bell-ringer, James Barham, 8.
Boles (Richard), in Winchester Cathedral, 65.
195.
Crawsley (Eliza) at Kinver Church, 305.
Crewe (Phoebe) in Norwich, 305.
Davies (Madam Mary) in Winchester Cathedral,
190.
Davison (Tho.) in Winchester College, 195.
Expence (Martin) in Clewer Church, 432.
Fitz-Pen als Phippen, Truro, 305.
Flower (George) of Winchester College, 196.
Genres (Thomas) of Winchester College, 195.
Gislenus Romanus (J. B.) at Rome, 306.
Green (Sir William), Bart, at Plumstead, 305.
INDEX.
531
Epitaphs : —
Hill (John) at Bradford, Yorkshire, 397.
Hodson (Edmund) of Winchester College, 195.
Hubbard (Henry), Abingev Churchyard, 306. 397.
478.
Jones (Thomas) of Winchester College, 195.
Larke (Thomas) of Winchester College, 195.
Maria (S.) del Popolo, Rome, 306.
Palavacini (Sir Horatio), 13.
Selby (Dorothy) at Ightham, 248. 314. 415.
Shine (Daniel) in Mucross Abbey, 258.
Stirling (Sir Wm. Alexander, .1st Earl of), 449.
Thetcher (Thomas) in Winchester Cathedral, 64.
Turner (Wm.) of Winchester College, 196.
Walton (Robert) of Winchester College, 196.
Equivalent Company. 330. 419.
E. (R.) on Lees of Alt Hill, 37.
Era, a new, foretold, 8.
Erdeswick's Survey of Staffordshire, its republication,
403. 499.
Eremite on a Trafalgar veteran, 445.
Erica on quotation, " Sleep, the friend of woe," II.
Receipt or recipe, 439.
Erskine (Thomas), advocate, his " Christian Evidences,"
85.
Erysipelas, why called St. Antony's fire, 191.
Essex (Earl of), prayers for him, 61.
Estcourt (Sir William), killed in a duel, 372.
Ethergingis, its meaning, 289. 395.
E. (T. J.) on words ending in -il, 119.
Quotation: ;' Where is thy land," 130.
Eton Montem, picture of the ceremony, 146.
Eucharist: dismissal of non-communicants, 68. 205.
European history known to barbarous nations, 146. 316.
Events, great, from slender causes, 43. 152. 232. 336.
452.
Evershed (S.) on Calvary, its locality, 34.
Execution, revival after, 73.
Expence (Martin), epitaph in Clewer Church, 432.
F.
F. on Le Ce'lebre Barrios, 468.
Bull of Adrian IV., 84.
Christian names in America, 29.
Death at will, 358.
European history known to barbarous nations, 31 6.
Pre-existence, 517.
Real Skimpole, 106.
Smethell's Hall chapel burnt, 448.
Wagers, curious, 427.
Fagot, in the sense of food, 339. 378. 457. 515.
Fain, or feign, play, 388.
Fairies, 83. 119. 338.
Fakeers, interment and resuscitation of, 248. 376.
Falconer (Dr. R. W.) on resuscitation of the Fakeers,
376.
Falstaff (Sir John), noticed, 283. 369.
Families, large, 39. 78.
Farinelli, his two favourite songs, 146.
Farmer and his landlord, 165.
Farrer (J. W.) on forensic wit, 257.
Mincio, 295.
Talleyrand and Shakspeare, 369.
Fast in the year 1640, 331.
Faulkner (Geo.), portrait of Dean Swift, 21. 96. 139.
158. 199. 254. 509.
F. (C.) on engraved portraits, 278.
Feather: " Showing the white feather" 79.
Fellow, its etymology, 285. 358.
Felo-de-se and manorial rights, 57.
Felton the assassin, his portrait, 146.
Fenton of Milnearne, Perthshire, 171.
" Ferriol," on an old pipe case, 189.
Fig-pie wake, 320.
Filazer, his duties, 354.
'" Finetti Philoxensis," MS. of, 491.
Firrey (Benj ) on Melrose Abbey, 39.
Fish, can they be tamed? 173. 235. 296. 339.
Fitton (Francis), monument and portrait, 47.
Fitzgerald (Preston), noticed, 429.
Fitz-James (Duchess of), her husband, 210. 256.296.
Fitz-Patrick (Wm. John) on Eaton Barrett, 36.
Grafton (Duke of), biographical sketch, 462.
Literary remains of Burke and Duke of Grafton,
372.
Sneyd (Honora) and Major Andre, 396.
Writers bribed to silence, 18.
F. (J.) on Duke of Grafton's " Vindication/' 456.
F. (J. M.) on Titan's goblet, 111.
Flambeaux in Grosvenor Square, 8.
Fleming (Robert), " Rise and Fall of the Papacy," 52.
Fleur-de-lis, 41. 510.
Flora on colouring natural flowers, 371.
Flowers, on colouring natural, 371. 438.
Folklore: —
Ague cure, 326.
Biddenham maids, 404.
Dream superstitions, 325.
Fairies in Hertfordshire, &c., 83. 338.
Hair, superstition about human, 277.
Moor-Park legend, 405.
New-Year superstition, 325.
Oak-apple day, 405.
Radish boy's cry at Great Yarmouth, 405.
Railway custom, 83.
Raven superstition, 325.
Stag beetle, 83.
Torch dance, 405.
Folly, its derivation, '349. 436.
Fondingge used for temptation, 493.
Fontevrault (Madame de), a nun, 508.
Foreign-English, 238.
Foreigners admitted to corporation honours, 28.
Forensic wit, 168. 238. 257.
Forster (Dr. T.) on periodical meteors, 106.
Foss (Edward) on Charles I. cousin to Oliver Cromwell,
239.
Culpeper (Judith), 177.
Nob episcopari, 155.
Parochial libraries, 39.
Rowe, serjeant-at-law, 337.
Fossil human skeleton near Fondel, 49.
Fowlers of Staffordshire, 307. 378.
Fox (George) and Durham University, 413.
Foxton (Thomas), his works, 321. 454.
F. (P. H.) on Nolo episcopari, 258.
Frager (Ein) on American Christian names, 197.
532
INDEX.
Frager (Ein"> on drum at Durham Castle, 148.
Hieroglyphic Bible, 89.
Tantiim Ergo, 13.
Francis (Dr. Philip), his Horace, 156.
Francklin (Richard), bookseller, 321. 383. * «
Franklin (Dr. Benj.), noticed, 76. 118.
Fransham (Isaac) of Norwich, 467.
Fraser (Wm.) on Devonshire saying, 246.
Mortuary fees, 172.
Freke (William), noticed, 467.
French author and Kabbinical writer, 410.
French called a general language, 427.
Frere (Geo. E.) on clerical county magistrates, 297.
Hayne, a provincialism, 157.
Holly as an evergreen, 56.
Leckerstone, 291.
Quercus robur, 358.
Frideswide (St.), noticed, 270.
Frysley, Halsende, Sheytye, their locality, 211.
F. (S.) on Lord Xorthwick's motto, 189.
F. (T.) on Gamage family, 98.
" Springers," or 62nd regiment, 36.
Fuit on derivation of Muggy, 310.
Funeral expenses in 1751-57, 26.
F. (W. H.) on Phoenicians and Celts, 54.
G. on harp in arms of Ireland, 13.
Montgomery (Rev. Robert), 134.
Poetical wills, 303.
G. (1.) on holly an indigenous evergreen, 158.
Hospital out-patients, 156.
T. on Dr. Griffiths and the "Monthly Review," 377.
G. (A.), Edinburgh, on Tranent Book of Discipline,
427.
Gaguin (R,), Douce's notes on his Works, 22.
Gairdner (James) on the death of the Duke of Clarence,
221.
More (Sir Thomas), his house at Chelsea, 455.
St. Margaret's and St. Martin's, Westminster, 144.
Galilee, or nave, 119.
Galloway bishops, 211. 298.
Gamage family, 48. 98. 135. 336. 473.
Gantillon (P. J. F.) on Continuation of Don Juan, 439.
Hospital out-patients, 378.
O'Kelly the Irish bard, 339.
G. (A. P. G.) on the Greek cross, 190.
Garden (Peter), his longevity, 483.
Game (Col. Thomas) king designate of Bucharia, 62.
Gas from coal, its inventor. 224.
Gatta Mclata, 15.
Gauntlett (Dr. H. J.) on " God save the King.'' 96. 334. j
Musical notation, 72. 90.
Old Hundredth tune, 354.
G. (C.) on Kemeys family, 416.
G. (D.) on quotation in Sir R. Peel's Memoirs, 48.
Gelsthrop family arms, 211. 377. 518.
Genevan liturgy, 67.
Gent (Thomas) and Bishop Atterbury, 301.
Gentleman's Magazine, new proprietorship, 40.
George I., satirical poern on, 423.
George III.'s letter to Lord Temple, 7.
George IV.. his boots satirised, 465.
Geranium, its emblematical meaning, 38.
G. (H. J.) on Old Hundredth tune, 35.
" Ghost walks," theatrical slang phrase, 431.
Gibbet, the last in England, 216. 296. 439.
Gibbon (Edward), a military officer, 464.
Gibson (W. S.) on longevity, &c,, 483.
Gifford (Richard), noticed, 74.
Gillet family, 150.
Gipsies, their rites and ceremonies, 11.
Girle (Rev. S.) on premature interments, 232.
Gites, origin of the term, 309.
G. (J. F.) on Lieut. William Bligh, 472.
G. (J. M.) on Calends, 236.
Chattel-ton's portrait, 171.
Irish round towers, 44. 1 55.
Lamb (Charles), album verses, 285.
G. (L.) on climate of Hastings, 296.
Glasgow city arms, 13. 92.
Glass, origin of stained, 506.
Glass manufacture, works on, 290.
Glwysig on William Andrew Price, 466.
Glycerine for naturalists, 38.
Goddard family arms, 269. 300.
Godiva's portrait in St. Michael's, Coventry, 492.
Golden Spears, co. Wicklow, 508.
Gomery (Mr.). See Montgomery.
Goose, its watchfulness, 134.
Gordon of Auchluchries, 344.
Gordon (Geo. Huntly), on the Waverley Novels, 462.
Gordon (Lord George), his riots, 156. 216.
Gore (Thomas), noticed, 53, 54.
Gorges (Sir Ferdinando), notices of, 108. 158.
Gb'the (J. W. von), his antichristianism, 489.; on the
Antigone of Sophocles, 123.
Gotz von Berlichingen with the iron hand, 281.
Gower's " Confessio Amantis," queries in, 327. 391. 409.
420. 499.
G. (R.) on Birch's Lives of Illustrious Men, 28.
G. (R.) jun. on " Sir Guy the Seeker," 289.
Grace cups, their history, 31.
Grafton (Augustus Henry, 3rd duke of), biographical
sketch, 462.
Grafton (Duke of), " Vindication of his Administration,"
372. 456.
Graham (Dr.) and Emma Hamilton, 233.278.316.;
his bath of warm earth, 159. 233. 358.
Grain crops, 88. 180.
Grant (A. T.) on Alfred's Boethius, 408.
Epitaph on Earl of Stirling, 449.
Graves (James) on Amei'ican-German English, 246.
Comet of December, 1680, 269.
Device on ecclesiastical seals, 89.
Dunton's Summer Ramble, 132.
Henry IV.'s nurse, 1 30.
Jumping dance, 512.
Missing records, 169.
Munich tune, 514.
Ormonde arms on Rochford church tower, 497.
Pisayn explained, 255.
Strabo on Ireland, 159.
Great men, their last words, 105. 192.
Greaves (C. S.) on bell inscriptions, 438.
Partridges scented by dogs, 435.
Greek and English New Testament, 1715-18, 171.
Greek cross, 190. 257. 498.
Greek dentists, 178.
Greenhill (Mrs.), her large family, 39.
INDEX.
533
Grenville Papers, correction of, 7.
Greyhound, the silver, badge of the king's messenger,
19.
Griffiths (Dr.), his review of " Memoirs of a Woman of
Pleasure," 351. 376, 377. 458.
Grose (Francis), a military officer, 464.
Groves (Edw.), his " Irish Historical Library," 411.
Growse (F. S.) on arms in Bildestone church, 450.
Monumental brasses, 425.
Griindonnerstag, or Maundy Thursday, 193.
Guano as a manure, 99. 157. 194.
Gunner (W. H.) on " Carmina Q uad rages im alia," 197.
312. 435.
Epitaphs at Winchester, 195. 319.
Gustfivus Adolphus' letter on behalf of Patrick Euthven,
101.261.
Gwinne (Dr. Matthew), his works, 189. 259.
Gwynn (Mrs.), noticed, 330. 377.
Gypsies, and their name, Romees, 143. 193.
Gypsum as a manure, 99.
H.
Hackwood (R. W.) on oldest Australian colonist, 307.
Concert for horses, 26.
Corsicah brothers, N. & A. Tremaine, 10.
Dancing on an husband's grave, 146.
Death at will, 147.
Figure of the horse in hieroglyphics, 87.
Hobson's choice, 57.
Isle of Man, origin of name, 20.
Leather of human skin, 68.
Letters of the alphabet in four languages, 208.
Oysters, large, 247.
Poetical will, 386.
Solicitors, temp. Charles I., 385.
Song on the Income Tax, 57.
Spontaneous plants, 117.
Whistle tankards, 247.
Winds in different countries, 370.
Women's entrances in churches, 168.
Haddon Hall, its present state, 65.
H. (A. G.) on St. Tudno, 230.
Hale House, Old Brompton, 208. 291. 396.
Halifax (Lord) and Mrs. Catherine Barton, 161. 265.
390.
Hall (John), " Observations in Desperate Diseases;" 334.
Hall (Spencer) on lines on Warburton, 96.
Hamburgh gold mark, 411.
Hamilton (Capt.) alias Morgan O'Doherty, 58.
Hamilton (Emma) and Dr. Graham, 233. 278. 316.
Hampshire topography, 328.
Hanbury (Benj.) on Eaton's Sermon, 93.
Systems of Short-hand, 393.
Handel's musical library, 498.
Handel out of tune! 85.
Hardwick Hall, its present state, 65.
Hare in representations of the Last Supper, 490.
Harington (E. C.) on Cranmer's recantation, 268.
Harp in the arms of Ireland, 13.
Harrison (J. H.) on Rubens' Judgment of Paris, 275.
Harrison (Robert) on Haydon's notes on Waterloo, 166.
Harrod (Henry) on hops, 392.
Hart (Wm. Henry) on Brute Chronicles, 128.
Gates (Dr. Titus), his petitions, 281.
Harvey (J. B.) on punishment for refusing to plead, 94.
Hastings, its climate, 149. 296.
Haughmond on Alpaca introduced into England, 167.
Hawadji on temple at Baalbec, 49.
Hawkins (Edw.) on book of caricatures, 41 3.
Medal of Charles I., 59.
Haydon (B. R.), notes on battle of Waterloo, 166.
Hayes (Geo.) on Greek dentists,. 178.
Hayle, Cornwall, ancient stone at, 351.
Hayne, a local termination, 49. 78. 156.
Hayward (Sir John), parentage, 450.
H. (C.) on Tothill pedigree, 437.
H. (D. D.) on epitaph at Abinger, 306.
Heat in the summer of 1856, 131. 180. 238.
Heber (Richard), portrait, 387.
Hebrew Scriptures, authorised versions, 429. 474.
H. (E. C.) on English words ending in 41, 46. 178.
Interchange of a and i, 457.
Hedges (John), his poetical will, 303.
Hemingston, singular tenure at, 509.
Henderson (John), noticed, 408. 458.
Hendriks (F.) on Mercator and the pound and mil
scheme, 71.
Mortuaries, 290.
Hengist and Horsa, 76.
Henley (John), letter to Sir Robert Walpole, 443.
Henley on Thames, works on, 18. 138.
Henry IV., his nurse, 130.
Henry IV.'s oath, " Ventre St. Gris," 382. 476.
Heraldic queries, 249. 293.
Heralds' visitations printed, 412.
Herbert on Sir Richard Baker's Chronicle, 509.
Herbert family, 168.
Herbert (Geo.), letter to Bp. Andxewes, 350. ; his sine-
cure, 450.
Hermit of Hampstead on " Candide," and the Quarterly
Review, 349.
Forensic wit, 23.8,
" Lives of Eminent Lawyers," 513.
Hermits, ornamental, 119.
Hereford cathedral, Leeming's picture at, 277.
Hertfordshire kindness, 270.
Hervagault, the pretended dauphin, 85.
Hey wood (John) on taverns in 1608, 491.
H. (F. C.) on ague cure, 326.
Black letter writing, 19.
Blood which will not wash out, 97
Burning of books, 77.
Common-place books, 38.
Dogs, how to frighten, 337.
Doily, a small cloth, 387.
Dream testimony, 515.
Duke of Fitz-Jarnes, 296.
Fish being tamed, 296.
Huddlestone (John), 458.
Illustrations of the Simplon, 336. 419.
Inscription on door of Dinton Church, 238.
" Instructions for Lent," its author,. 399.
John of Jerusalem Order, 19.
Leaning towers, 456.
Lima council, 119.
Marriage first solemnised in churches, 459.
Martin the French peasant prophet, 58.
Olovensis bishopric, 139.
"Pence apiece," 118.
Proverb : " Cum Roma? fuerit,\&c., 178.
534
INDEX.
H. (F. C.) on Rogne's March* 191.
St. Peter with a closed book, 319. 399.
St. Peter's tribe, 338.
Singular plant, 173.
Symbols of saints, 339. 419.
Ten Commandments in the Roman Catechisms, 116.
Trafalgar, note on Nelson's death, 384.
Weather sayings, 516.
Whitsunday, 77.
Wolfe (Rev. C.), words to the air " Gramachree,"
327.
H. (G.) on almshouses recently founded, 189.
Hieroglyphic Bible, 89.
Hill (Cooper) on arms in Severn Stoke church, 159.
Gamage family, 135.
Welsh custom, 159.
Hillier, or Hellyer family, 359.
H. (J. C.) on St. Michael's Order in France, 420.
H. (J. H.) on the music of Les Carmagnolles, 269.
H. (J. R.) on the ducking-stool, 38.
Hobson's choice, 57.
Hodgins (Thomas) on the name of Canada, 428.
Hoe, local name, explained, 56.
Hogarth (Wm.), his "Country-Inn Yard," 387. ; crest,
249. ; family pedigree, 149. 198. ; house and tomb,
406. ; painting of " Folly," 110.
Holland (Rer. Henry), prays for the Earl of Essex, 61.
Holly, an indigenous English evergreen, 56. 1 13. 1 58. 2 1 5.
Hollybushe (John), his Works, 30.
Holmes (G. K.) on Nicholas Byfield, 338.
Honeycomb (Will) and " Memoirs of a Woman of Plea-
sure," 351. 376. 418.
Hood (Dr. Thomas), mathematician, 10.
Hoops ver. Crinoline, 426.
Hopper (Cl.) on Sir Edward Andros, 209.
Bacon (Lord) and Shakspeare's Plays, 267.
Gwyn (Nell), 330.
Marriage custom in Wales, 207.
Mountagu (Sidney), 211.
Pancras (St.), loyalty of the parish in 1649, 287.
Picture cleaning, 464.
Shakspeare and Sir John Falstaff, 369.
Hops first cultivated in England, 243. 276. 314. 335. 391.
Horace on architecture, 151.
Horace, the Lyric Works of, its author, 490.
Horbling, Lincoln, church furniture temp. Elizabeth, 185.
Horse in hieroglyphics, 87. 235.
Horse-chesnut and chesnut horse, 370. 517.
" Horse-godmother," origin of the name, 410. 499.
Horse- talk, its different terms, 57. 337. 478.
Horses, concert for, 26.
Horwood (John), his body dissected, 251.
Hospital out-patients, 69. 156. 378.
Hotham (Charles). Fellow of Peterhouse, 10. 100. 278.
Hour-glass in pulpits, 339.
Howard (Frank) on musical notation, 294.
Howland family, 297.
H. (P.) on William III. and De Witts, 6.
H. (P. R.) on rose-leaves used for black beads, 387.
H. (R.) on alpaca, 319.
Organ tuning, 516.
Singular plant, 236.
Smith's History of Kerry, 27.
Street nomenclature, 518.
H. (S.) on Rufus, or the Red King, 358.
H. (T.) on check, or cheque, 191.
H. (T.) on " Nulla fides regni sociis," 191.
Rustigen on mill wheels and magnetism, 269.
Huddleston (John), Roman Catholic priest, 57. 395. 458.
Hughes (T.) on extraordinary births, 307.
Culme family of Devonshire, 377.
King's school, Chester, 249.
Portraits wanted, 387.
Hulse (John), portrait, 387.
Human skin tanned, 68. 119. 157. 250. 299. 419.
Humilis on brewer's will, 249.
Hundredth tune, the old, its composer, 34. 70. 316. 354.
Hunter (George M.), noticed, 171.
Husband (John) on bottles filled by the sea, 220.
Husbands authorised to beat their wives, 108. 219. 297.
359. 478.
H. (X.) on " Adding sunshine to daylight," 89.
Irish round towers, 79.
Lines quoted by Sir Robert Peel, 75.
Quotation : " Think of me," 109.
Ibbetson (Julius Csesar), artist, 172.
Ideational, a new word, 464.
Ightham church, Lady Selby's monument, 248. 314. 4 1 5.
Ignatius on " Suiceri Thesaurus," 507.
-II, pronunciation of words ending in, 46. 119. 178. 277.
287.
Imp, used for progeny, 238. 459.
Impey (Sir Elijah), noticed, 355.
Ina on Jesse altar in St. Cuthbert's, Wells, 485.
Memorials of the civil wars, 185.
Prince of Orange's circular, 125.
Wells cathedral east window, 476.
Index, a General Literary one suggested, 22. 141. 445.
Index, motto for one, 357. 476.
Indian war medal, 508.
Ingleby (C. Mansfield) on adulteration of food in Shak-
speare's day, 283.
Agricultural suicides, 129.
Aristotle's Organon, English translation, 12.
Behmen (Jacob) and Sir Isaac Newton, 38.
Cheque, or check, 459.
Comet of 1680, 316.
Dream testimony, 458.
Extraordinary births, 226.
Falstaff's death, 283.
Hamlet readings, 206.
" Horse- meat and man's-meat," 209.
Maws of kites, 372.
" Mortal coil," 207. 368.
Premature interments, 159.
Raphael as a phoenix, 146.
Reason and understanding, 255.
Shelley's poems, 388.
Ingledew (C. J. D.) on Dr. Palliser, 373.
Inglis (Bp. Charles), certificate relating to Dr. Walker's
niece, 461.
Inglis (R.) on J. N. Barker, 430.
Bellamy (Daniel), 507.
Black Prince, a tragedy, 491.
Dr. Arne's Oratorio, 490.
Fitzgerald (Preston), 429.
General Review, 491.
" Innocents," by Mrs. Caulfield, 438.
INDEX.
535
Inglis (R.) on Ivar, a tragedy, 508.
Lyric Works of Horace, 490.
" Olden Times," 430.
Poetical Works of Moschus, 449.
" Romance of the Pyrenees," 459.
Terence's Adrian, its translator, 466.
Trafalgar, or the Sailors' Play, 489.
" Unknown," by Rev. Dr. Vardell, 437.
Initials and finals, dictionary of, 287.
Inn signs, 299.
Inquirer on gold at Hamburgh, 411.
Hebrew Scriptures, authorised version, 429.
Inquirer, Charleston, on bishops' aprons, 411.
Inscriptions : —
Achievement of a lady at Stanmore, 26.
Bell, 299. 348. 438.
Door, 238.
Font, 307.
Houses, 26. 283.
Sun-dials, 299. 464.
Watch, 109. 291.
Interchange of a and »", 339. 378. 457. 513.
Interments, premature, 103. 159. 232. 278. 358.
Investigator on M'Turk and Williams families, 149.
Ireland, The Distribution Books missing, 169.
Ireton (Henry), his burial-place, 289.
Irish benefices, their value, &c., 469.
Irish Celts, 54.
Irish Church, anno 1695, 11. •
Irish high sheriffs, 508.
Irish Lords Justices, 1693 — 95, 12.
Irish Prayer-book, Service for Oct. 23rd, 88.
Irish round towers, 44. 79. 155.
Irish sailors from Tunis, 54.
Irish tithes, 89.
Isdell (Sarah), noticed, 288. 356.
Its, as a provincialism, 139.
J.
J. on Voltaire's " Candide," 229.
J. de W. on silver greyhound badge, 19.
Jacket (Win.), his poetical will, 303.
Jackson (J. C.) on Greek cross, 257.
Jacobite song : " When Jemmy comes o'er,'; 430.
Jacob's post, corner of Ditchling Common, 216. 296.
James I., letter to Shakspeare, 369.
James II.'s proclamation of pardon, 284.
Jasper on the word " Jolly," 326.
Jaytee on armorial bearings in Leicestershire, 430.
Drawings in the Vatican, 350.
J. (C.) on Gelsthrop arms, 377.
Justice (Henry), 514.
Rand, a local name, 97. 237.
Rawson pedigree, 96.
Swang, wong, wang, 79.
J. (E.) on Pagan philosopher : Sir Simon League, &c.,
150.
Rose of Jericho, 296.
Jebb (Bishop), " Practical Theology," 68. 205.
Jebb (John) on dismissal of non-communicants and suf-
frages in Litany, 205.
JefFryes (Judge), his unpublished letter, 25.
Jennens or Jennings family, co. Warwick and Berks,
466.
Jericho: " Gone to Jericho," its origin, 330. 395.
Jersey, heraldry of, 450.
Jesse altar in St. Cuthbert's church, Wells, 485.
Jesse (John Heneage), lines on Richmond Park, 346.
Jessopp (Judge), 249. 294.
Jesuits: " Imago Primi saeculi Societatis Jesu," 191.
Jeu d'esprit by T. Erskine, 348.
Jewish persuasion, 78.
Jewitt (Llewellynn) on poem on a mummy. 137.
Jews' bread, 47.
J. (G. W.) on Ethergingis, its meaning, 289.
Hop poles, 315.
John Hollybushe, 30.
Jack West, or stye in the eye, 289.
J. (H.) on Haddon Hall, 65.
Holly as an evergreen, 56.
Illustration of the Simplon, 211.
J. (J.) on device and motto, 130.
J. (J. C.) on biblical epitomes, 496.
Canticle substituted for Te Deum, 370.
Chinese inscriptions in Egypt, 498.
Coin imitations, 465.
Crivellus (J. F.), painter, 88.
Gentleman's library in olden time, 386.
Job, MS. Commentary on, 491.
" Katho de omni Cecitate," its printer, 491.
Liturgical queries, 474.
Old Hundredth tune, 35.
" Sleep the friend of woe," 59.
Stencilled books, 47.
York service books, 37.
J. (J. E.) on Port Jackson, 178.
. (J.
. (K.
J. (K.) on Brown's " London Directory," 308.
J. (M. S.) on the fifth crusade, 149.
Joan, daughter of King John, inscription on her coffin.
460.
Job, MS. Commentary on, 491.
Job on spiders' webs, 517.
Joculator of William I., 111.
John de C. on Mordecai Abbot, Esq., 411.
John of Jerusalem order, 19. 137.
Johnian on royal privileges at universities, 270.
Johnson (Dr. Samuel), allusion to philosophers, 431.
Jokes, old ones modernised, 476.
Jolly, origin of the word, 326.
Jones (Evans) on Aristotle's Organon, 139.
Jones (John) of Marlborough, his large family, 39.
Jonson (Christopher), Head Master of Winchester
School, 196.319.
Jourdan (Marshal), his balloons, 307.
Journals and Reviews, foreign, 348.
J. (R.) on Antiquity, a farce, 67.
Alfred, or the Magic of Nature, 87.
Antonio Foscarini, 109.
Blister, or a Little Piece to Draw, 307.
Confusion, or the Wag, 352.
Cooper (Wm.), B. A., 307.
De Rayo, or the Haunted Priory, 148.
Don Juan, Continuation of, 229.
Dunlop (William), 129.
Earl Harold, 171.
Edinburgh plays, 11.
Essay on Oxford Tracts, 269.
Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, 49.
536
INDEX.
J. (R.) on Gisela, a tragedy, 269.
Hookwell (Doctor), 23t.
Hunter (George M.), 171.
Ingrate's Gift, 269.
Isdell (Sarah), 288.
Jokeby, a burlesque on Rokeby, 49.
Lindsay (David), 87.
Morrison (David), 68.'
Newby (Peter), 289.
Parliamentary Debate, 229.
Philistines, or the Scotch Tocsin Sounded, 49.
Prometheus Britannicus, 229.
Pursey's De Morton, 330.
Racine's Athaliah and Esther, 351.
Rufus, or the Red King, 269.
Sisters' Tragedy, 129.
Stanley (Edw.), author of '• Elmira," 49.
Steele (Archibald), 68.
Stringer (James), 1 09.
Verral (Charles), 109.
Whitehead (Dr. J. C.), 372.
Wife, or Women as they Are, 289.
Woolgatherer, 410.
J. (T.) on Marquis de Bonac, 352.
Mayor of Norwich's feast, 384.
Judaism, modern, 148. 198. 278.
Jumbols, receipt for, 262. 419.
Jumping dance of Echternach, 188, 512.
Junius's Letters, their merits, 163.
Francis (Sir Philip), claimant, 164.
Wray (Daniel), claimant, 164. 212.
Juries laying their heads together, 265.
Justice (Henry) of Trinity College, Cambridge, 413.
514.
Juverna on Colman's preface to the " Iron Chest,1' 70.
Cow and snuffers, 20.
Credence table, 75.
Foreign English, 238.
Lille, its siege, 157.
Morning dreams, 77.
Patrick O'Kelly, 158.
Songs on Tobacco, 95.
Special services in Common Prayer, 88.
" Think of me," 219.
J. (Y. B. X.) on Win. Cowper, bishop of Galloway, 298.
Entitled, or Intituled, 288.
Epitaph on a bastard child, 506.
Ordinary of Newgate, 290.
Symbols of saints, 288.
Wartoii's History of English Poetry, 287.
K.
K. on the meaning of " unkempt," 506.
Kalends at Bromyard, 110. 236. 276. 419. 494.
Kappa on twenty-four shares, 3*38.
Karl onN. Byfield, 211.
Heat in 1856, 131.
Merthyr Tydvil, 110.
" Katho de omni Cecitate Hominis," its printer, 491.
Kean (Edmund), actor, lii.s parentage, 413.
Keay, the timber measurer, 210.
K. (E. H.) on yellow for mourning, 452.
Keightley (Thos.) on etymologies, 144. 424.
Merry England, 3.
Kemble (John M.) on Anglo-Saxon charters, 401.
Lines on the Sybil, 473.
Kempis (Thomas k), " De Imitations," 179.
Kemys family. 249. 416.
Ken (Bp.), his Morning and Evening Hymns in Common
Prayer4>ook, 309. 474.
Kennett (Bp.), correspondence with Curl], 441.
Kensington (Henry) on artificers' times of work, 267.
Advoyding of capitaines, 287.
Blood that will not wash out, 334.
Cambridge clods, 170.
" Dyologues <ff Creatures Moralyzed," 150.
General Epistles, why so called, 209.
London alderman fined 50?.. 349.
Norden's Sinfull Man's Solace, 466.
Palavacini (Sir Horatio), 13.
Revival after execution, 73.
Shere Thursday, 216.
Tailor reduced to zero, 146.
Testons, proclamation respecting, 383.
Twelve sixes of man's life, 486,
Whitsunday: Pilate, 154.
Kentigern (St.), legend of the lost ung, 13. 92.
Kenton bell inscriptions, 348.
Ketch (Jack), his apology for the execution of Lord
Russell, 5.
K. (H. C.) on Hamlet, Act I. Sc. 3, 283.
K. (H. L.) on grace cups, 31.
K. (H. S.) on " Nero Vindicated," 373.
Kids, or faggots of firewood, 409.
Kilian (Cornelius), noticed, 151.
King's salute to his ministers, 190.
Kingsley (E. H.) on amphibious animal, 409.
Kit-Cat Club, origin of name, 50.; portraits of Its mem-
bers, 451.
Kites, maws of, 372. 456.
K. (J. R.) on bell gable for three bells, 467.
K. (M. E. M.) on bishops of Galloway, 211.
Knaggs (Rev. Thomas), lecturer of St. Giles's, 70.
Kneller (Sir Godfrey), portraits of the Kit-Cat Club,
451.; portrait of Shakspeare, 45. 79.
j Knight's (Charles) Cyclopaedia of Biography, its errors,
65.
Knowles (James) on Sir Edward Baesh, 189.
Cope (Sir John), 68.
Duncombe (John), his legal office, 173. 217.
G wynne (Dr. Matthew), 189.
Lille, its siege, 89.
Papering rooms, 7.
Poniatowski gems, 19.
Spencer (Hon. John), 50.
Viner's Abridgment, 85.
[ Knox (John), prophecy of the French kings, 159. 439.
i Kotzebue's " Confusion, or the Wag," translator, 352.
i K. (W. B.) on " ideational," a new word, 464.
L.
L. on Calends, 494.
European history known to barbarous nations, 146.
Goose, its watchfulness, 134.
Hertfordshire kindness, 270.
Junius's Letters, 163.
Kalends, 276.
Pence a piece, 299.
INDEX.
537
L. on " Qnicquid agas, prudent er agas," &c,, 269.
Scipio's shield, 514.
" To call a spade a spade," 120.
" To cry mapsticks," 269. 472.
A. on " Bath Characters," 172.
Dissection of murderers, 64.
Dicky Dickason of Scarborough Sp:i, 189.
London watchmakers of former times, 308.
Poetry in Richmond Park, 346.
William the Conqueror's joculator, 111.
A. on Kalends, 236.
Larking, paper-maker, 37.
L.3 (A.) on article on Warburton in the " Quarterly,"
373.
Ladies, instances of their private devotions. 425.
Ladies, their exportation recommended, 326.
" Ladies Cabinet Opened," 333.
Lahl (Eralc) on husbands beating their wires, 219.
Lamb (Charles), his album verses, 285. ,
Lancaster Duchy Court, 210.
Lancastriensis on Bath Characters, 295.
Bradshaw of Darcy Lever, 294.
Heraldic query, 294.
Monastic libraries, 297.
Sandys' Ovid, 294.
Langhorne family, 149.
Langlard's georama, 172.
" Largesse," its modern use, 356.
Larking (J.), his paper-mark, 37.
Latimer (Bishop), his pedigree, 449.
Latin, English pronunciation of, 336.
Latin " ve " and the Scotch " wee" 465.
Lauragnois (Due de), story of his wife, 516.
Laureates, a lesson for, 487.
Laurence (Brother), his Letters, 489.
Lawrence's (St.) church, Beading, 411.
Layman's (The Poor) Resolution in difficult times, 1 84.
L. (C. D.) on Superstition about human hair, 277.
Standing in another's shoes, 187.
Tobacco used in Central America, 124.
Turner's architectural backgrounds, 187.
L. (C. W.) on house inscriptions, 238.
Marriage licence in 1265, 209.
L. (E.) on Dr. Malachi Thruston, 190.
Lea (Avon) on fairies, 83.
Stag-beetle, 83.
Leachman (John), his death, 255.
Lead (Jane) and Swedenborg, 470.
League (Sir Simon), its author, 150. 416.
Leather of human skin, 68. 119. 157. 250. 299. 419.
" Lechery," its derivation, 4.
Leckerstone, its meaning, 247. 290. 418.
Lee (Alfred T.) on bell-founders in 1722, 467.
Commission of public preachers, 373.
Estcourt (Sir Win.), killed in a duel, 372.
Fast in the year 1640, 331.
Redchenister in Domesday, 353.
Worcester diocese, its ancient boundary, 353.
Leeming's picture at Hereford Cathedral, 277.
Lees family of Alt Hill, 37.
Leland (John), his " Commentaries," 237.
Leo (F. A.) on passage in " All's Well that Ends Well,"
45.
Lepell's regiment, 416.
Letter writers by profession, 487.
Letters clandestinely opened in last century, 47. 459.
Letters of the alphabet, their proportionate use in four
languages, 208.
Leverets with a white star, 59.
L. (G.) on Ireton's burial-place, 289.
Libraries claiming books by Copyright Act, 332.
Library of a gentleman in olden time, 386.
Liddell (George), Scottish poet, 131.
Lightning conductors to ships, 87.
Lille, siege of in 1708, 89. 157.
Lillibridge (Gardner R.), noticed, 177.
Lima council, 119.
Limner (Luke) on book varnish, 155.
Limus Lutum on proportion of sexes, 318.
Lincoln's Inn Fields, its entrances, 428.
Lindfield nunnery, 410.
Lindsay (David), dramatic writer, 87.
Lingard (Richard), his will, 104. 175.
Litany suffrages, 171. 205.
Literary and military pursuits, 463.
Literary Index, General one suggested, 22. 141. 303.
Littell (E.) on G. R, Lillibridge, 177.
Little Burgundy, in Southwark, 86.
Liturgies of the Foreign Reformed Churches, 67.
Live-stock, popular names of, 38.
L. (J. D.) on Chattel-ton's portrait, 231.
L. (J. H.) on Mr. Bathurst's disappearance, 1 37.
Fish tamed, 297.
Husbands authorised to beat their wires, 297.
Noble cook, 137.
L. (L. B.) on Thomas a Becket's sister, 386.
Coke (Sir Edward), 58.
Country party and a standing army, 82.
Hops in England in 1464, 276. 335.
Oxford squib, 101.
Selby (Lady), her monument, 415. 475.
Llewellyn Voelgrun, his arms, 490.
Lloyd family arms, 331.
Lloyd (Geo.) on blood royal, 507.
Cuckoo in different languages, 517.
" Like Madame Hassel's feast," 339.
Memorials of former greatness, 460.
L. (M.) on Bothwell's last place of confinement, 219.
Engraved foreign portraits, 2 1 0.
Locke (John) and freemasonry, 429.; "Essay on the
Human Understanding." 407.
Locks of the Egyptians, 147.
Lofer, origin of the word, 448.
Lollard, its derivation, 329. 459.
Londinenses Quisquilinse Literarise, 104.
London Mayor in 1335, 213. 258. 293, 438.
Long (Mrs. Ann), Dean Swift's letter on her death, 182.
256.
Longevity, remarkable cases, 37. 258. 483.
Lotzky (Dr. J.) on Amalfitan table, 307.
America, its name faulty, 306.
" Antiquite's du Bosphore" Cimmerien," 47.
Bonaparte family, 266.
Burning of books, 19.
Canina (Luigi), his death, 370.
Conflagration of books, 287.
Crystal Palace and the Templars, 25.
Gaps in English history, 170.
Hoe, a local name, 56.
Letter opening in last century, 47.
Prophecy of a new era, 8.
Quisquilinae Literariae Londinenses, 104.
538
INDEX.
Lotzky (Dr. J.) on resuscitation of the dead, 248.
Signer, Mr., and Herr,227.
Typography, its decline, 287.
Vilmar's diabology, 268.
War of Sing (China) independence, 327.
Lower (Mark Antony) on double Christian names, 299*.
Duchess of Fitz-James, 210.
Kalends or Calends at Bromyard, 419.
Ordinaries of arms, 293.
L. (R. F.) on errors in the English Mint, 465.
Railway custom, 83.
L. (R. 0.) on Pope's Rape of the Lock, 181.
L. (T. P.) on Cromwell portraits, 468.
L. (W. G) on curious anagram, 187.
Commentarie on Proverbs, 132.
Masvicius' Virgil, 379.
" Remedy against Superstition," 132.
Simmons (Rev. Mr.), 131.
LX. on Doleman, 98.
M.
M. on Edinburgh Review, the first, 227.
Fact or allegory, 228.
Greek and English New Testament, 1715-18, 171.
Greek and Queen Elizabeth, 29.
Leland's Conunentarii, 237.
Organ tuning, 190.
" Rights of Boys and Girls/' 210.
Shenstone's epitaph, quotation in, 209.
Sutile pictures, 386.
Tune the Cow died of, 39.
/.«,. on popular amusements in 1683, 286.
Diocese, or diocess, 269.
Order of St. Michael, 514.
" Pedestrian Tour through England," 269.
M. (3.) on Walter Carey, 372.
M. (A.) Greenoclc, on Porterfields of Porterfield, 465.
Races by naked men, 439.
M. A. Oxon, on Masters of Arts ranking as esquires,
68.
Premature interments, 159.
M. (A. C.) on bottles filled by pressure of the sea, 59.
Enlightenment, 210.
Weather in 1856, 77.
Macaulay (I. B.) Illustrations of his History of
England : —
Burnet (Bp.), letter on the landing of the Prince
of Orange, 244.
Cavalier's Complaint, 63.
Country Party and a standing army, 82.
Dutch Guards' farewell to England, 461.
Jack Ketch's Apologie for executing Lord Russell, 5.
Jacobite song, 43.
James II.'s proclamation of pardon, 284.
Jeffreys (Judge), unpublished letter, 25.
Namur, odes on its fall, 364.
New Oath of 1689 examined, and found guilty,
183.
Passive Obedience, epitaph on, 143.
Plotting Levite, 164.
Poor Layman's resolution in difficult times, 184.
Twysden (Sir Win.), his speeches, 82.
Walker (Dr. Geo.), petition of his grand-niece,
461.
Macaulay (T. B.), Illustrations of his History of
England : —
William III. and the De Witts, 6. 64. ; his Circular
to the Wells burgesses, 125.
MacCabe (W. B.) on Galilee, or nave, 119.
MacCharles (Charles) on Rustington Church, Sussex,
310.
MacCulloch (Edgar) on heraldry of the Channel Is-
lands, 319.
Macray (John) on Mr. Bathurst's disappearance, 95.
Journal des De"bats, &c., 85.
Macray (W. D.) on Pendrell family, 128.
Madden (Sir Frederic) on Gbtz von Berlichingen, 281.
Roman waxen tablets, forged, 5.
Magdalensis on Dr. Bloxam, 250.
Dorothy Selby's epitaph, 248.
Magpie, Corvua Pica, lines on, 372.
Main (Dr.), lines on the Glasgow arms, 14. 92.
Maitland (Dr. S. R.) and Baron von Reichenbach, 243.
Duke the poet, 4.
Malakoff, its origin, 465.
Malley (0.) on pedigrees, 231.
Malynes (Gerard), commercial writer, 148.
Man, Isle of, origin of name, 20.
Man's life, the twelve sixes of, 486.
Mankind and their destroyers, 210. 280. 459. 475.
Manley (Mrs.), her " Atalantis," vol. v., 443. ; her " New
Atalantis," 265. 390.
Manners (George), dramatist and poet, 156.
Manni (M.), premium to prevent premature interments,
103.
Mansel (Sir Robert), noticed, 430. 499.
Mansfield (Sir Robert), his fleet in 1621, 430. 490.
Manus Christi, a syrup, 261.
Mapsticks, origin of the word, 269. 315. 472.
Marazion, in Cornwall, origin of the name, 432.
Margaret's (St.), Westminster, early notice of, 144.
Marigold, its etymology, 144.
Markham (Wm.), Abp. of York, 355.
Markland (J.), verses on Pope's satire on Addison, 243.
Markland (J. H.) on burial without coffins, 454.
Marl, a manure, 195.
Marlborough, library at St. Mary's, 168.
Marranys, its meaning, 492.
Marrement, its derivation, 327. 391.
Marriage a church ceremony, 387. 459.
Marriage custom in Wales, 207.
Marriage licence in 1265, 209.
Marriot the great eater, 6. 31.
" Marry," its meaning as an interjection, 70.
Marshall (Wm.) on stock frost, 494.
Marston-Moretaine manor, 50.
Martin, the French peasant-prophet, 58.
" Martini Persjei Ocio Libello VI.," 490.
Martin-in-the-Fields (St.), a royal park, 144.; why so
named, 492.
Mary L, his surreptitious heir, 288.
Marylebone free library, 200.
Masters of Arts ranking as esquires, 68.
Matthews (Wm.) on Cocker's Arithmetic, 252 .
Maundy Thursday in Germany, 193.
Maxon (F. R.) on grain crops, 88.
Mayor of London in 1335, 39. 213. 258. 293. 438.; pa-
geaut in 1453, 167.
Mayor's feast in 1561, 384.; re-elected, 384. 477.
I N D E X.
Mayor (J. E. B.) on Durham College, 475.
Soldier in Coleridge's Friend, 267.
Strype's Life of Parker, 266.
M. (C.) on epitaph at Kyde, 457.
Dialects of England and Scotland, 476.
French for language, 427.
Play by St. Paul's boys at Greenwich, 24.
Widkirk miracles, 106.
M'C. on clans of Scotland, 431.
M. (C. W.) on epitaph on a bell-ringer, 8.
M. (D.) on curious epigram, 66.
M. (E.) on germination of seeds long buried, 10.
Henley-upon-Thames, 18. 138.
Medal, an Indian war, 508.
Medal of Charles I. and Henrietta Maria, 29. 59. 120.
Medical practice in the seventeenth century, 261. 333.
Medlars indigenous in England, 173. 338.
Melrose Abbey, its present state, 39.
Memor. on genealogical queries, 168.
Jennens or Jennings family, 466.
Lindfield nunnery, 410.
Newton family of Cheshire, &c., 508,
Noyes family, 478.
White of Fittleford, &c., 450.
Memorials of former greatness, 99. 460.
Menai bridge, 263.
Mendham (Rev. Joseph), his death and Works, 379.
385.
Mercator, the supposed author of the pound and mil
scheme, 71. 112.
Mercator on cast of Oliver Cromwell, 97.
Sun-dial motto, 464.
Merchant's mark, a foreign one, 409.
Merrick (James), poet, his portrait, 229.
Merritt (T. L.) on " Peep at the Wiltshire Assizes,"
277.
Stereoscopes, 292.
" Merry," its derivation, 3. 219. 277.
Merthyr Tydvil, its early history, 110.
Meteors, periodical, 106.
Mewburn (F.) on dialects temp. Queen Elizabeth, 431.
King's salute to his ministers, 190.
Mice, plague of, in 1581, 186.
Michael, the name of a box, 351.
Michael (St.), history of the Order of, 229. 420. 470.
514.
Michaelmas goose dinner, 426.
Middle Temple Gate on the Post House, Fleet Street, 344.
Middlemore (J.) on Spanish proverbs, 388.
Voltaire's "Candide," 319.
Middleton (J. M.) on the meaning of coffer, 117.
Lollard, its derivation, 459.
Miland (John) on running footmen, 159.
Milborne Port, its wheel and seven spokes, 111. 477.
" Miles," an acrostic, 171.
Miles on notes on regiments, 55. 214.
Military dinner party, 127. 174.
Milton (John). Prose Works by Symmons, 505.
" Minatrost," its meaning, 49.
Mincio, a river of Italy, 228. 295.
Miniature men made of clay, 490.
Mint, errors in the English, 465.
Mist's Journal exposes Curll, 421. 441.
M. (J.) Oxford, on Dr. Bray's libraries, 109.
Collins's ode, " How sleep the brave," 489.
M. 2. (J.) on William Clapperton, 17.
M. 2. (J.) on " Present for an Apprentice," 11.
M. (J. E.) on " Early Memoirs of Dr. Johnson," 109.
M. (J. F.) on Rev. Thomas Crane, 233.
Hogarth family, 198.
Modern Judaism, 199.
Record queries, 210.
Wyld's globe and Langlard's georama, 172.
M. (J. H.) on Addison and his hymns, 314.
Great events from small causes, 153.
Observations of saints' days, 452.
" To call a spade a spade," 26.
M. (L.) on Irish Church, anno 1695, 11.
MB. (J.) on form of penance in 1720, 304.
Moltngaria barony, 479.
Mollerus's Poems, 116.
Monastic libraries, 258. 297.
Moncrieff (John) of Tippermalluch, his receipts, 371.
Money enclosed in seals, 129. 178.
Monmouth (Duke of), his mother's ancestry, 308. 374.
Monson (Lord) on Monson township, Mass., 10.
Monson township in Massachusetts, 10.
Monteagle (Lord), author of the Letter to, 248. 314. 415.
475.
Montgomery (Rev. Robert), parentage, 37. 78. 133.
Monti (Vincenzo), poem, " The Death of Basseville," 12.
Monumental brasses, 425.
Moody (Henry) on nine churches at Chilcomb, 256.
Clarence's mysterious death, 297.
Moon's influence, popular delusions respecting, 484.
Moon's rotation, 208.
Moor-Park legend, 405.
Moore (E.) on French author and rabbinical writer, 410.
" Moore Worms for Mr. Curll," 343.
More (Sir Thomas), house at Chelsea, 324. 455.
More (Sir Thomas), sheriff of Dorset, 455. 516.
Morgan (Prof. A. De) on Aristotle's Logic, 81. •
Churchill (John) and Duchess of Cleveland, 463.
Corn measures, 196.
Halifax (Lord) and Catherine Barton, 161. 265.
Manley's New Atalantis, 265.
Moon's rotation, 208.
Musical notation, 14.
Pappus, Oxford edition, 228.
Pound and mil-scheme, 112.
Morgan (R. W.), his " North Wales" and Telford, 263.
Morley (Wm. H.) on Judith Culpeper, 177.
Origin of tennis, 210.
Mormonites, number of each sex, 268. 318. 358. 452.
Morning dreams, 77.
Morris (Capt. Charles), his last days, 412.
Morrison (David), noticed, 68.
Morten (J. G.) on brewer's will, 339.
Mortgaging the dead, 128. 179.
Mortuaries, their fees, 172. 279. 290.
Morwenstow Church, carving in, 248.
Mountagu (Sidney), noticed, 211. 256.
Moyle (Walter), his Works, 322.
M. (R.) on Troia in Portugal, 229.
M. (S. N.) on corkscrews and bottlescrews, 466.
Curll's life and publications, 301. 321. 341. 361.
401.421. 441.
Hoops and Crinoline, 426.
Mt. (J.) on Alberoni's scheme for Turkey, 447.
Anonymous works, 467.
Crocus's " Comcedia Sacra," 331.
Gordon of Auchluchries, 344.
540
INDEX.
Mt, (J.) on " Lives of Eminent Lawyers," 451.
Martini Persan Ocia, &rc., 451.
" Portraits of Lawyers," 468.
Salisbury Primer, 464.
Sydserff (Marion), verses on her death, 367.
" The Art of Complaisance," 351.
M. (T. M.) on Oxford Prize Poems, 450.
Eecorder of London, his robes, 429.
MTurk and Williams families, 149. 197.
Muffet (Peter), Commentary on Proverbs, 132.
Muggy, its derivation, 310.
Mummy, poem on one, 87. 137.
Munich tune, 410. 514.
Munk (Dr. W.) on Dr. Malachi Thruston, 272.
Dr. Matthew Gwinne, 259.
Murderers formerly dissected, 64 98.
Murdison v. Millar, trial of, 30. 313.
Murphy on " The Shepherd of Banbury," 133,
Musical notation, 14. 72. 90. 294.
M. (W.) on varnishing old books, 67.
M. (W. D.) on Douce's MS. notes, 22. 225.
M. (W. H.) on the fifth crusade, 218.
M. (W. M.) on Southey's History of Portugal, 431.
M. (Win.) Trinff, on corn measures, 131.
M. (W. K.) on Candide and Quarterly Review, 433.
M. (W. T.) on Hieronymus Radiolensis, 413.
Quotation from Horace, 432.
Myosotis palustris, or forget-me-not, 357.
Mystery, inscribed on the Pope's tiara, 248.
Mystical writers, 487.
Naked-boy Court, Ludgate, 387. 518.
Naked Man, origin of the sign, 387. 460. 518.
Names, their spelling uncertain, 36.
Namur, odes on its fall, 364. ; painting of its siege, 149.
Name (Rev. Wm.), " Pearle of Prayer," 295.
Nature and her mould for man, 225.
Naundorff, the pretended dauphin, 84.
Nauticus on Lieut. William Bligh, 472.
Naves, crooked, 38. 79. 158. 276. 297.
Near-sightedness among the lower classes, 149. 236. 257.
397.
"Neck or Nothing," by Samuel Wesley, 361.
Neile (Thomas), buried without a coffin,. 455.
Nelson (Lord Horatio), his uniform at Trafalgar, 346.
384. 443.
" Nero Vindicated," or Manchester Massacre, 373. 466.
Newby (Peter), dramatic writer, 289. 315.
Newcourt's " Repertorium," suggested reprint, 304. 374.
396.
Newton (Sir Isaac), his obligations to Jacob Behmen, 38. ;
his niece and Lord Halifax, 161. 265. 390.
Newton family of Cheshire, Sussex, &c., 508.
Newspaper geography, 186.
New Year's superstition, 325.
N. (G.) on Sir William Coke, 19.
Crane (Rev. Thomas), 124.
Curious accidental circumstance, 165.
"Delia Opinione, Regina del Mondo," 431.
Fleming's Rise and Fall of the Papacy, 52.
Franklin (Benjamin), 76. 118.
Glasgow arms, 92.
Jacobite songs, 431.
N. (G.) on Locke (John) and freemasonry, 429.
Moon's influence on weather and diseases,. 484-
Namur, odes on its fall, 364.
. Navigation by steam, 50.
Packman's stone, 478.
Person referred to by Pascal, 58.
Racke, or Wreck, iti Shakspeare, 44.
Seven Dials, early notice of, 8.
Swift's portrait by Faulkner, 21. 158. 509.
Turncoat, origin of the term, 86.
Viner's Abridgment, 179.
" Voice of the Rod," its author, 110.
Watch inscription, 109.
N. (G. W.) on daily service, 212.
Dunchurch, custom at, 336.
Niccolini (Giov. Bat.), verses on a dream , 264.
Nichols (J. G.) on play before Henry VIII., 78.
Nichols (Philip), a book stealer, 389.
Nicknames of American states, 309.
Nicolas (Armelle), her Confession, 413.
Ninian (St.), first bishop of Galloway, 21 1.
N. (J. G.) on Erdeswick's Staffordshire, 499.
Order of St. Michael in France, 229. 470.
Precentor of the Province of Canterbury, 459.
N. (J. 0.) on people of Carleton Curlieu, 469.
N. (N.) on Arnold of Westminster, 110.
" Nolo episcopari," 155. 197. 258.
Norden (John), his " Sinfull Man's Solace," 466.
Norfolk clergyman suspended, 29.
Norman (L. J.) on Radchenister, 417.
Northwick (Lord), his motto, 189. 239. 336.
Norwich mayor's feast in 1561,384.
Norwood (Mary), her execution, 85.
Notsa on posture during Sursum Corda, 437.
" November Nights," announced, 329.
Noyes family of Wilts and Hants, 169. 478.
N. (T. E.) on philosophers noticed by Johnson, 431.
N. (W. L.) on Long Lankyn ballad, 393.
Prc-existence, 453.
0.
Oak-apple day, 405.
Oa'es (Dr. Titus), his petitions, 281.
Oath ; The New Oath of 1689 examined, 183.
Oaths, ancient, 70. 98.
0. (B.) on Brawn, or Braun, 235.
"Obnoxious," its various meanings, 111.
Octave at Magdalen College, Oxford, 328.
0. (C. M.) on the black watch, 266.
Odd Fellow on master masons of Antwerp, 249.
Odments, its meaning, 77.
O'Doherty (Morgan), alias Capt. Hamilton, 58. ; alias
Dr. Maginn, 145.218.
Ogbourne St. Andrew, curious baptismal entry, 306.
Ogdo on Gamage family, 136.
Ogilvie (Dr. John), his " Imperial Dictionary," 191. 377.
0. (J.) on dogs in churches, 187.
Forrester (Colonel), 130.
Foxton (Thomas), his works, 454.
Game (Thomas), king designate of Bucharia, 62.
" History of the Sevarites," 455.
Jacobite song, 43.
Liddell (George), 131.
Malynes (Gerard), 148.
INDEX.
541
0. (J.) on mission of the press, 127.
Moncrieff (John) of Tippermalluch, 371.
Poem on a mummy, 137.
O'Kelly (Patrick), the Irish bard, 107. 158. 239. 339.
Oldershaw (C.) on the Queen's Case Stated, 395.
Olevensis bishopric, 2. 88. 139.
Oley (Barnabas) and Dr. John Eachard, 492. j extracts
from his will, 170.
O'Malley on heraldic query, 249.
Orders of the English clergy, their validity, 78.
Ordinaries of Arms, 249. 293.
Ordinary of Newgate, why so called, 290.
Organ submerged, 420.
Organ tuning, 190. 457. 515.
Oriental literature, 364.
Ormonde arms on Rochford church tower, 419. 497.
Ormerod (Geo.) on Gamage family, 473.
Ormesby St. Margaret, briefs collected at, 222.
Ormonde (Thomas, Earl of), his English possessions, 497.
Ormston (Sir Roger), high steward of Cambridge, 409.
OVTIS on Dr. Byrom's verses, 291.
Gradus ad Parnassum, 230.
Merrick's portrait, 229.
Ouzel Galley, Dublin, 419. 456.
Owen (Sir Arthur) and the casting vote, 97. 153.
Owen (Hugh) on battens, kids, and tallet, 409.
Copying encaustic tiles, 317.
Lines on St. Mary's church, 146.
" Oxford Prize Poems," complete series, 450.
Oxford squib, circ^719 — 1726, 101. 377.
Oxoniensis on Carmina Quadragesimalia, 130. 355. 511.
Clergy buried towards the west, 112.
Cumberland's funeral oration, 469.
Francis Fitton, 47.
Hospital of St. Cross, Winchester, 450.
Virgil's Works, edit, 1717, 174.
Westminster Prologues and Epilogues, 199.
Oxoniensis Alter on Masvicius' Virgil, 235.
Oysters, formation of their shells, 228, 477.; immense
size, 247.
P.
P. (A.) on a poem on a skull, 430.
Packman's stone, 478.
Palavacini (Sir Horatio), epitaph, 12.
Pale, North Malvern, origin of name, 66.
Palladio on Horace on architecture, 151.
Pallet (P. P.), his " Bath Characters," 1 72.
Palliser (Abp. Wm.), noticed, 373.
Palmer (F. D.) on Lord George Gordon's riots, 156.
Palmerston (Lord) on " A little learning," 448.
Pamphlet, its derivation, 409. 460. 477. 514.
Pancras (St.), engravings of, 112.; loyalty of the parish
in 1649, 287.; Vicar at the Reformation, 490.
Papering rooms, its origin, 7.
" Pappus," Oxford edition of, 227.
Paraph, its meaning, 100.
Parchment, mediaeval, 20.
Parish church, compulsory attendance at, 466.
Parish registers, their transcription, 66. 118. 151. 217.
318.378.
Parkinson (R.) on Charles Edward Stuart's stay in
Manchester, 147.
Parma (Duke of), military dinner, 1584, 174.
Parochial libraries, 39. 78. 168. 218. 499.
Parochial records, 186. 505.
Partridges scented by dogs whilst incubating, 350. 435.
Pascal (Blaise), person referred to by him, 58. 236.
P. (A. S. E.) on " bantering," " buffooning," &c., 506.
Paslam (Charles) on engraved portraits, 592.
Passive obedience, epitaph on, 143.
Passports to the United States, 29. 60.
P. (A. T.) on Additions to Pope, 345.
" Pathway to Health," 333.
Patonce on almshouses recently founded, 300.
Baptismal entry at Ogbourne St. Andrew, 306.
Goddard family arms, 30.
Judge Jessop, 294.
Parochial libraries, 39.
Rustington church, 359.
Seymour (Sir Henry), memorial, 280.
Suffragan bishops, 91.
Wills, a portrait painter, 250.
Pattison (R.) on Bromyard Kalends, 110.
Pattison (S. R.) on house inscription, 26.
Pattison (T. H.) on English and Foreign architecture,
447.
Hare in representations of the Last Supper, 490.
Representations of the Trinity, 248.
St. Peter witfi a closed book, 268.
Tobacco songs, 297.
" Paul a knave," a forged reading, 389.
Paul's (St.) boys play at Greenwich, 24. 78.
Paulett (Lord Charles), his father and wife, 11.
Pauline (Old) on Sir Philip Francis and Junius, 164.
Payne (J. B.) on heraldry of Jersey, 450.
P. (C.) on Pope's Letters to Cromwell, 181.
P. (C. H.) on fleur-de-lis, 41. 51Q.
" Marry," as an interjection, 70.
P. (E.) on races by naked men, 518.
Peacham (Henry and Edmund), confounded by Halli-
well, 427. 451.
Peacock (Edw.) on church furniture at Horbling, 185.
Parish registers, 151.
Peacock (Thomas) of Broughton, 353.
Peacock (Rev. Thomas) of Broughton, 353.
Pedigrees, works for tracing, 231.
" Peers, a Satire," by Humphry Hedgehog, jun., 11.
Peers, standing order against printing their lives re-
pealed, 442.
Pen and the sword, 463.
Penal laws, works on, 141.
" Pence a piece," origin of the phrase, 66. 118.
Pendrell family noticed, 128.
Penn (Hon. Thomas) of Stoke Poges, 211.
Penrith Castle, 70.
Penstone (J. J.) on Raffaelle's pictures in England, 130.
Pepys (Samuel) on a devout lady, 425.
Perowne (J. J. S.) on passages in Gower, 391.
Peter (St.), his tribe. 299. 338.; represented with a
closed book, 268. 319. 399.
Peto on Hogarth's Folly, 110.
Petty (Sir Wm.) " A Briefe of Proceedings between Sir
Jerome Sankey and him," 449.
P. (F. R. C.) on " De mortuis nil nisi bonum," 210.
P. (H.) on "De Imitatione," 179.
P. (H. C.) on Martin Expence, 432.
Phelps (J. L.) on shells of oysters, 477.
*. on Biographic Universelle, its omissions, 506.
Initials and finals, 287.
Lass of Richmond Hill, 6.
542
INDEX.
*. on pen and the sword, 463.
Phillips (J. P.) on Aneroid, 9$.
Bell-bastard, a term of reproach, 487.
Brunswick dynasty, 97. 153. 280.
Dick's hatband, 189.
Human skin tanned, 252.
Matty Murray's money, 352.
Poem on a mummy, 137.
Proverbs : " As deep as the North Star," &c. 307.
Walter (Lucy), mother of Duke of Monmouth, 375.
Phillips (J. W.) on Gamage family, 136.
Old Hundredth tune, 34. 317.
" Pence a piece," 99.
Phillott (F.) on acoustic query, 410.
Calonne's eulogium on the English, 83.
Cat worship, 46.
Green rose, 72.
Handel out of tune! 85.
Mortgaging the dead, 128. 179. 8
Trafalgar battle and Nelson's death, 347. 443.
Philobiblus, on biblical epitomes, 386.
Philologus on bamboozle, 390.
Philosopher's stone, MS. relating to, 481. 501.
Phinn (Mrs. E.), her extraordinary birth, 226.
Photography : —
Brussels exhibition, 56.
Collodion processes, 473.
Delamotte's oxymel process, 436.
Hard wick's photographic chemistry, 17.
Hewlett on printing photographs, 436.;
Maull and Polyblank's " Living Celebrities," 436.
Photographic portraits, 17. 255.
Photographic Society's soiree, 473. 500.
Stereoscopes, 292.
Physiology, 292.
Picture cleaning, old recipe for, 464.
Pigeon house, Dublin, 419.
Pikemonger, his avocation, 308.
Pilate, curious derivation of the name, 154.
Pipes (Jenny) and the ducking-stool, 38. 295.
Pisayn described, 255.
Pius VII., his bull against Freemasonry, 189.
P. (J.) on George Manners, 156.
Sangaree, origin of the name, 381.
Showing the white feather, 79.
Swift's letter to the Rev. Mr. Pyle, 182.
P. (J. H.) on Commons' Report of 1719, 18.
P. (J. P.) on Thorold families, 289.
P. (K. E.) on Colonel Cleland, 418.
Plague plant, 309.
Plague recipes, 263. 333.
Plant, a singular one, 173. 236. 296. 437.
Plants in sleeping rooms, 52.
" Plotting Levite," a satire, 164.
Play by St. Paul's boys at Greenwich, 24. 78.
Plunkett's Light to the Blind, MS. of, 118.
P. (M. 0.) on medal of the Pretender, 494.
P. (N. E.) on Heralds' visitations, 412.
Lloyd arms, 331.
P. (0. C.) on clandestine opening of letters, 459.
J. Huddlestone, 458.
" Political Caricatures from 1755 to 1760," 329. 413.
Political poem of last century, 45.
Pompadours, or 56th regiment, 55.
Poniatowski gems, 19. 59.
Popiana : —
Additions to Pope's Works, 345.
Blount Letters, 344.
Bolingbroke (Lord), letter to Pope, 127.
Gibber turned out of the House of Lords, 21.
Corinna and Dryden's funeral, 345.
" Court Poems," their literary history, 341.
Curll's controversy with Pope, 204. 302. 321. 341
—343. 364. 424.
Curll and the Westminster scholars, 21.
Dunciad, epigram on its frontispiece, 182.
Dunciad, its original title, 201.; its Keys, 203.
Markland's verses on Pope's Satire on Addison,
243.
Pope and Warburton, 182. 242.
Pope at Cambridge, 182.
Pope's Letters to Henry Cromwell, 181. 242.
Popes Letter to Humphrey Wanley, 242. 296.; to
Samuel Wesley, 363.
Pope's Quarrels with Curll, 204. 302. 321. 341—
343. 364. 424.
" Progress of Dulness," 201.
" Rape of the Lock," where written, 181.
" The hero William and the martyr Charles," 345.
Wycherley (Wm.), correspondence with Pope, 345.
Poplar, old house at, 129. 231.
Port Jackson, origin of name, 50. 7/^178.
Porter-fields of Porterfield, 465.
Portraits, foreign engraved, 210. 278; in Dr. Sleath's
library, 492.
" Portraits of Lawyers," Part II., 468.
Posies on rings, 59. 219.
Post House, Fleet Street, 302. 344.
Pound and mil scheme, 71. 1 12,
P. (P.) on furious cocks, 517.
Fowlers of Staffordshire, 378.
Guano, 157.
Horse-chesnut and chesnut-horse, 517.
Knowledge is Power, 516.
• Leather of human skin, 157.
Near-sightedness, 257.
Tune the old cow died of, 157.
P. Q. Y. Z., meaning of the expression, 490.
Prayer for Unity, in the Accession Service, 109. 199.
Preachers, public, during the Commonwealth, 373.
438.
Precentor of the province of Canterbury, 389. 515.
Pre-existence, works on this doctrine, 329. 453. 517.
Press, its mission, 127.
Prester John, 48.
Prestoniensis on Judge Jeffreys' unpublished letter, 25.
Naked man, a sign, 387.
New Year's superstition, 325.
" There's a gude time coming," 148.
Pretender. See Stuart.
Price (Mr. Justice), motto of his presentation ring, 24.
Price (Wm. Andrew), governor of Surat, 466.
Prideaux family, 468. 512.
Prideaux Carew manuscript, 431.
Priests' hiding-places, 337.
Prior (Matthew), his copy of Raleigh's History, 167.
" Prisoner of War," its legal definition, 191.
Proclamation for calling in testons, 383.
INDEX.
543
Proverbs and Phrases : «—
As deep as the North Star, 307.
As tight as Dick's hatband, 189. 259.
Ballads: "Give me the making of a people's bal-
lads," &c.,211.
Bell bastard, a term of reproach, 487.
Coot: " As mad as a coot," 307.
Deuce take you, 331.
Garrick: " As deep as Garrick," 307.
Hair of the dog that bit you, 239. 279.
Hassel: " Like Madame Hassel's feast," 339.
Horse-meat and man's-meat, 209.
Jericho: " Gone to Jericho," 330.
Knowledge is power, 352. 516.
Like lucky John Toy, 327.
Mapsticks: " To cry mapsticks," 269. 315. 462.
Matty Murray's money, 352.
Pence a piece, 66. 99. 118. 219. 299. 338.
Point d'argent, point de Suisse, 380.
Pull for Prime, 431.
Quicquid agas, prudenter agas; et respice finem,
269.
Right man in the right place, 317. 419.
Rod in pickle, 400.
Rome : " When you go to Rome, do as Rome does,"
129. 178.
Spade: To call a spade a spade, 26. 120.
Standing in another's shoes, 187. 278. 339*
West (Jack), a stye on the eyelid, 289.
Proverbs as illustrating national character, 486.
Psalms in church service, how to be read, 399.
¥. on Gregory de Karwent, 54.
P. (S. R.) on posies on gold rings, 59.
P. (T.) on biographical queries, 54.
Boomerang, 475.
Sir Thomas Remington of Lund, 432.
P. (T. H.) on ancient oaths, 70.
Punch and Judy, origin of the characters, 430. 495.
Punishment for refusing to plead, 94.
Punishments, secondary, now in use, 129.
Punjab, iis etymology, 129. 199.
Pursey (Alfred), " Tragedy of De Morton," 330.
Q.
Q. on blawn-sheres, 65. 237.
Cheque or check, 377.
Enlightenment, 336.
" Mortal coil," in Shakspeare, 368.
Odments, 77.
Palmerston (Lord) and Alex. Pope, 448.
Paraph, a diplomatic term, 100.
" Sheaf," or " chief," in Shakspeare, 369.
Quadrants, their construction, 189.
Quaerens on Rubens's pictures, 131,
Quarterings and origin of grants, 354.
" Queen's Case Stated," lines on, 329. 395.
" Queen's Closet Opened," 333.
Queen's drawing-rooms, court dress at, 370.
Quercus robur, its identification, 309. 358. 434. 493.
Quercus sessiliflora, its durability, 434. 493.
Quest on buck-basket, 373.
Magpie: Corvus pica, 372.
Quidam on liturgical queries, 309.
Quotations : —
Adding sunshine to daylight, 89.
Call me not pale but fair, 431. 497.
Cara vale: sed non aeternum, 289. 417.
Carmine di superi placantur, 432.
De mortuis nil nisi bonum, 210.
Heu ! quanto minus est cum reliquis versari, 209,
How commentators each dark passage shun, 31.
Knowledge and Wisdom, far from being one, 31.
Knowledge is power, 352.
Love and sorrow twins were born, 89.
Man's inhumanity to man, 380.
No pent-up Utica contracts your powers, 357.
Nulla fides regni sociis, 191.
Praise God ! praise God ! 450.
Sleep, the friend of woe, 11. 59.
Then down came the Templars, &c., 450.
The soul's dark cottage, 380.
Think of me, 109.
Thinking is but an idle waste of thought, 250.
They found no end in wand'ring mazes lost, 452.
When waves run high— a daring pilot, 48. 75.
K.
R. on engravings of St. Pancras, 112.
Heraldic query, 249.
Presentiments of death, 149.
Rack, or wrack, in Shakspeare, 45.
R. Cae Wern, on Edward II.'s retreat into Glamorgan-
shire, 502.
R. Macdesfield, on Frysley, Halsende, &c., 211.
R. (A.) on devotional ladies, 425.
Fairy-seership, 119.
Horse in hieroglyphics, 235.
R. (A. B.) on Arnold of Westminster, 160.
Burnet's Two Cases of Conscience, 131.
Germination of seeds, 198.
Grenville Papers, &c., 7.
Isdell (Sarah), 356.
Queen Anne's foster-father, 155.
Sparrow's Collection, misprint in, 505.
Rabiger inquired after, 150. 41 6.
Races on foot by naked men, 329. 439. 518.
Racine (John), translator of his " Athaliah " and " Es-
ther," 351.
Radchenister, its meaning, 353. 417.
Radiolensis (Hieronymus), his works, 413.
Radish boy's cry of Great Yarmouth, 405.
Radley church, Berks, font inscription, 307.
Raffaelle, his pictures in England, 130. 192.
Railway custom, 83.
Raine (James) on John Ker Strother, 156.
Raleigh (Sir Walter), Prior's copy of his " History,"
167.
Ramos (Johannes Franciscus), his anagram, 187.
Ranby family, 410.
Rand, its meaning, 76. 97. 138. 237. 298.
Randolph (Edward), noticed, 108.
Raphael as a phoenix, 146.
Raven superstition, 325.
Rawsons of Fryston, London, and Essex, 27. 96. 438.
Raymond (Sir Charles), Bart., 268.
Razors sharpened by acid, 371.
544
INDEX.
K. (C.) on Milborne Port, 477.
B. (E.) on mosaic cabinet, 411.
" Rebellion in Bath," its author, 397.
Receipt, or recipe, 439.
Recorder of London, his robes, 429.
Records, corporate and parochial, 186. 505.
Records missing: The Distribution books of Ireland, 169.
R. (E. G.) on "allow " in baptismal service, 10.
Cocker and his works, 312.
Double Christian names, 197.
Gillet, alias Candler families, 150.
Glasgow city arms, 14.
Hayne, a provincialism, 157.
Hops, early use of in England, 314.
Human leather, 157.
Kilian (Cornelius), 151.
Medlars introduced into England, 338.
Merry, its derivation, 219.
Parish registers, 318.
Sewers, blawn-sheres, 237.
Swang, wang, wong, 237.
Regattas, their origin, 410. 477.
Regimental costume, 55.
Regiments, notes on, 35. 55. 213. 418.
Reichenbach (Baron von) and Dr. Maitland, 243.
Releat, its derivation, 12.
Remigius on hospital out-patients, 69.
Remington (Sir Thomas) of Lund, his family, 432.
Reprieve for ninety-nine years, 93.
Rex on the Caramagnoles, 335.
Reynolds (John Hamilton), 274.
Rhubarb, its introduction into England, 430.
Rhyming dictionaries, 250.
Richard' (St.), Bishop of Chichester, 16.
Richard (St.), King of the West Saxons, 16.
Richmond (Charles Lennox, 1st Duke of), his recon-
version, 5. 51.
Richmond Park, poetry in, 346. 395.
Riley (H. T.) on abbey libraries, 349.
Aneroid, 337.
Ballad literature, 477.
Bandalore, 351.
Bashett family, 416.
Beats of a drum, 339.
Bellerophon: Ovid, 410.
Boarding-schools at Hackney and Bow, 351.
Boomerang, early allusions to, 407. 497.
Braban9ons, &c., 499.
Buda mineral waters, 419.
Canal locks,. 387.
Canonicals worn in public, 479.
Chinese and Greeks and Romans, 329.
Chinese inscriptions found in Egypt, 387.
Cleland, Griffith, and Will Honeycomb, 351.
Compensativeness, 348.
Curll (Edmund), bookseller, 383.
Derwentwater family, 336.
" Deuce take you," 331.
Dunois (Madame), " Court of England," 400.
Earl of Anglesey sold into slavery, 373.
English pronunciation of Latin, 336.
Fagot in the sense of food, 339. 378.
Fain play, 388.
Fernando Colombo and Henry VIII., 437.
Fig-pie wake, 320.
Hillier family, 359.
Riley (FI. T.) on Hogarth's Country Inn Yard, 387
Hogarth's house and tomb, 406.
Hops introduced into England, 335.
Horse-godmother, its combination, 410.
Horse talk, 478.
Hour-glass in the pulpit, 339.
Huddleston (John) of Magdalen College, 395.
Human skin tanned, 419.
Imp used for progeny, 459.
Index motto, 476.
Jerichos in England, 395.
Justice (Henry) of Trinity College, 413.
Kean (Edmund), his ancestry, 413.
Knox's prophecy, 439.
Largesse, 356.
Latin ve and Scotch wee, 465.
Lauragnois (Due de), 516.
" Law and Lawyers," 369.
Locke and Akenside, 407.
Memorials of former greatness, 460.
Michael, the name of a box, 351.
Miniature men made of clay, 490.
Molingaria barony, 479.
" Mortal coil," in Shakspeare, 368.
Myosotis palustris, or forget-me- not, 357.
Nichols (Philip) of Trinity Hall, 389.
" No Lord's anointed," &c., 345.
Norway, King of Spain's surname, 352.
Octave' at Magdalen College, Oxford, 328.
Oxford squib," 377.
P. Q. Y. Z., its meaning, 490.
Plague plant, 309.
Pope's Corinna and Dryden's funeral, 345.
Pre-existence, works on, 329.
Races on foot by naked men, 329.
Ranby family, 410.
Rawsons of Eryston, 438.
Rhubarb, when introduced, 430.
Saucer, its derivation, 387.
Scipio's shield, 352.
Scriptural legends on coins, 436.
Tailless cats at Cambridge, 385.
Tea, custom of selling cold, 467.
Tobacco, works in praise of, 333. 471.
Truant Felice, a monastery, 328.
Tyzack family, 335.
Vilain-Quatorze (Count), 338.
Writers bribed to silence, 418.
Bimbault (Dr. E. F.) on Agincourt ballad, 394.
Early versions of Ariosto, 279.
Celtic element in the English language, 439.
Claret and coffee known to Lord Bacon, 458.
Cocker and his works, 310.
Colonel Cleland, 418.
Con way papers, 468.
Cromwell House, Old Brompton, 291.
Doily, the napkin worthy, 476.
Felton the assassin, his portrait, 146.
" Finetti Philoxensis," 491.
Gildon's Lives of Dramatic Poets, 491.
" God save the King," 137. 396.
Halliwell's mistake concerning Peacham, 427.
" Hey, Johnnie Cope," 135.
" King's health," a song, 128.
Lord Mayor's Show in 1453, 167.
Pamphlet, its derivation, 477.
INDEX.
545
Bimbault (Dr. E. F.) on Pope's letter to Wanley, 296.
Prior's copy of Kaleigh's History, 167.
" Kound about the Coal Fire," 131.
St. James', Clerkenwell, ministers, 417.
Salisbury Court Theatre, 145.
Slavery in England, 187.
Spanish proverbs, 456.
Stuart (Arabella), her papers, 468.
Upton (Charles), organist, 389.
Ring (John), translation of the JEneid, 17.
Ringsend, origin of the name, 149. 315.
Rix (S. W.) on Poniatowski gems, 59.
R. (J.) on Count Boruwlaski, 157.
R. (M. H.) on coffer, 219.
Long Lankyn ballad, 324.
Newspaper geography, 186.
R. (N.) on mottoes for common-place book, 399.
Robertes (Rev. David), prays for the Earl of Essex, 61.
Roberts (Chris.) on etymology of " fellow," 358.
Roberts (Geo.) on House of Brunswick and the casting
vote, 198.
Robinson (Bishop) and Edmund Curll, 424.
Rochford church tower, Ormonde arms on, 419. 497.
Rock (Dr. Daniel) on ancient British saints, 180.
Blood at the Cannes Convent, 57.
Griindonnerstag, 193.
Leather of human skin, 157.
Ten Commandments, 175.
Whitsunday, 153.
Roffe (Alfred) on Jacob Behmen, 92.
Coleridge's unpublished poem, 369.
Farinelli's songs, 146.
Handel's musical library, 498.
Lead (Jane) and Swedenborg, 470.
Roger de Wakenfelde, 387.
"Rogue's March," its music, 191.
Rogwell (Sir Henry) of Ford Abbey, 108.
Rolle (Samuel), Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge,
88. 139.
Roman coins, forgeries of, 406.
Romees, or gypsies, 143.
Roinino Rye on Romees, or gypsies, 143.
Rondeau (J. B.) on " Name: Pearle of Prayer," 209.
Rose, a green one, 72. 300.
Rose-leaves converted into black beads, 387. 459.
Rose of Jericho, 173. 236. 296. 437.
Rothbart on razors sharpened by acid, 371.
"Rotuli Hundredorum," 210.
" Round about our Coal Fire," the earliest edition, 131.
Routiers, mercenary soldiers, 499.
Rovillus on Cair guin truis, 451.
Fondingge used for temptation, 493.
Interchange of a and i, 515.
William of Nassington, 492.
Rowe (John), serjeant-at-law, 308. 337.
R. (P.) on toothless woman, 449.
R. (R.) on James Baird of Chesterhall, 498.
R. (T. X.) on furious cocks, 459.
Rubens (Peter Paul), " Descent from the Cross," 131.
Judgment of Paris, 275.
Rubrical queries, 118.
Rue in criminal courts, 351. 479.
Ruffhead's Pope, with Warburton's Notes, 509.
Russell (Lord William), his execution, 5.
Russian dynasty, its origin, 468.
Rust (J. C.) ou Fowlers of Devonshire, 378.
Rust (J. C.) on Fransham of Norwich, 467.
Rustigen (Rist. D.) on mill wheels and magnetism, 269.
Rustington church, Sussex, 310. 359.
Ruthven (Patrick), letter on his behalf, 101. 261.
R, (W. J. B.) on Pope Pius VII. and the freemasons, 189.
8,
S. on boxing-day, 68.
Curious advertisement, 46.
Morgan O'Doherty, 58.
2. on horse-racing on the Cotswolds, 418.
Tenure at Hemingston, 509.
Sacerdos on St. Peter's tribe, 299.
Saguntum sword-blades, 356. 417.
Sahagun sword-blades, 172. 356. 417.
St. John (Henry) kills Sir Win. Estcourt, 372.
St. John (Horace) on mankind and their destroyers, 459.
St. John (Oliver) and Cromwell family, 381.
St. John on Cambridge jeu d'esprit, 408.
Saints' days in the calendar, 43. 452.
Saints of the ancient British Church, 68. 1 80.
Sale (Sir Robert), his arms, 350.
Salisbury Court theatre, 145.
Salisbury Primer, 1538, 464.
Salmon (R. S.) on dress in 1780, 227.
Gordon riots, 216.
Human leather, 157.
Wager of battel, 241.
Samuel on popular names of live stock, 38.
Sandys (George), early editions of his Ovid, 255. 294.
Sangaree, origin of the name, 381. 476.
Sansom (J.) on Buslingthorpe family arms, 328.
Clarence: Lady Jane Grey, 335.
Imp, used for progeny, 238.
Lord Dean of York, 171.
Mayor of London in 1335, 258.
Parish registers, 217.
Precentor of the province of Canterbury, 515.
Rand, as a local name, 76.
St. Richard, Abp. of Canterbury, 16.
Wong, a provincialism, 439.
Sansum (Robert), commander of the Resolution, 69.
Santius (Fran.), his " Minerva," 132.
S. (A. P.) on the great heat in 1826, 238.
Mankind and their destroyers, 210.
Saracen, its derivation, 229. 298. 314.
Satellite, its derivation, 69. 134.
Saucer, its derivation, 387.
" Saw," or story, its original meaning, 424.
S. (B.) on days of the week, 220.
Punjab, 199.
Scarborough Spa and Dicky Dickinson, 189. 273.
Scent of dogs inexplicable, 435.
Sceptic on blood which will not wash out, 20.
S. (C. H.) on crooked naves, 79.
" Hallow my fancie," 98.
Jewish persuasion, 78.
Person referred to by Pascal, 236.
S. (Charles S.) on battle of Brunnanburg, 295.
Sciolus on descents by Christian names, 269.
Scipio's shield, 352. 514.
S. (C. L.) on Gibber turned out of the House of Lords, 21.
Scotch pedigree, 410.
Scott of S , on dream superstitions, 325.
546
INDEX.
Scott of S , on mental condition of the starving, 288.
Scott (R. T.) on Aspasia's w"art, 130.
Dream books, 109.
Scott (Sir Walter) and the authorship of the Waverley
Novels, 462. ; his plagiarism, 168.
Scottish clans, 431.
Scotus on passports, 29.
Scribe (John) on bay windows, 174.
Scripsit on cathedral stalls, 89.
Irish tithes, 89.
Rural deaneries, 89.
S. (D.) on Dr. Griffith and Monthly Review, 458.
Punishment of death, 220.
S. (D. S.) on drowned in the sense of buried, 516.
Mediaeval parchment, 20.
Seals, ecclesiastical, device of a star, 89. 119. 220. j
containing money, 129. 178.
" Secret History of the Green Room," 348.
Sedgwick (William), noticed in Coleridge's Friend, 267.
Seed (R. H.) on " Peers, a Satire," ] 1.
Seeds, germination of long buried, 10. 117. 198. 239. 278.
S. (E. L.) on Charles I.'s medal, 120.
Selby (Dorothy), monument at Ightham, 248. 314. 415.
Selden (John), his birth-place, 469.
Senhouse (J. P.) on Simon Senhouse, 151.
Senhouse (Simon), prior of Carlisle, 151.
Seraglio, its derivation, 16.
Serjeants' rings, 24.
Serjeant-trumpeter, emoluments, &c., 411,
" Seven Dials," early notice of the name, 8.
Seven oaks and twelve elms, 188.
Severn Stoke church, arms in, 112. 159. 234.
Sewell (Geo.), Poems attributed to him, 423.
Sewells, or blawn-sheres, 65. 137. 237. 278.
Sexes, their proportion, 268. 318. 358. 452.
Sexton (Dr. G.) on Norfolk clergyman suspended, 29.
Plants in sleeping-rooms, 52.
Seymour (Sir Henry), of Harwell, his brass, &c., 280.
S. (F.) on dagger-money, 506.
General Epistles, 399.
Great events from little causes, 43.
Human skin tanned, 250.
Proportion of males and females, 318.
Right man in the right place, 317.
S. (F. M.) on Sibylline verses, 431.
S. (G. L.) on epitaphs at Winchester, 64.
Prayer for Unity, 199.
Punjab, 129.
Reprieve for ninety-nine years, 93.
Royal regiment of artillery, 51.
Stanwix (Col. Thomas), 59.
S. (G. S.) on Kemys family, 249.
Shaftesbury House, Little Chelsea, 286.
Shaftesbury, St. Peter's bells, inscriptions on, 438.
Shaking in a sheet, origin of the custom, 352.
Shakspeare: —
All's Well that Ends Well, Act V. Sc. 3., " Our
own love waking cries," 45.
As You Like It. Act II. Sc. 7. : " All the world's
a stage," 207.
Bacon (Lord), supposed author of his Plays, 267.
320. 369. 503, 504.
Barnfield and Shakspeare, 8.
Erasmus's " Praise of Folie " known to Shakspeare,
44.
Shakspeare : -*•
Falstaff's death, 283. ; noticed, 369.
Hamlet, first edition of 1603, 259.
Hamlet, Act I. Sc. 3. : " Are of a most select and
generous chief in that," 206. 283. 369.
Hamlet, Act III. Sc. 1. : " Mortal coil," 207. 284.
368.
James I.'s letter to Shakspeare, 369.
Kneller's portrait of Shakspeare, 45. 79.
Rack or wrack, in the Tempest, 44.
Shakspeare and his printers, 127.
Shakspeare at the Red Lion Inn, Paddington, 87.
Talleyrand and Shakspeare, 369.
Tempest, Act I. Sc. 2. z " They would not take
his life," 284.
Shandygaff, origin of the word, 209.
Shelley (P. B.), queries in his Poems, 388.
" Shepherd of Banbury's Rules," 133.
Shere Thursday, 194. 216.
Short-hand, early works on, 393.
Siddons (Sarah), her birth-place, 89. 120.
Sigma on Bishop Latimer's family, 449.
Sigma Theta on bibliographical queries, 130.
Can fish be tamed? 235.
Fenton of Milnearne, 171.
Hogarth family, 149.
James Baird of Chesterhall, 308.
Scotch pedigrees, 410.
Sign or ver. Mr., 227.
Silures of Iberic origin, 271.
Simmonds (Rev. Mr.), noticed, 131.
Simon (Thomas), the medallist, 77. 115. 276.
Simplon, Illustrations of the, 211. 280. 336. 419.
Sinclair (Alex.), verses on Marion Sydserff's death, 367.
Singleton (S.) on derivation of pamphlet, 409. 514.
Sinister (R.) on old house at Poplar, 129.
Sion ap Gwillym on Lieut.-Col. Davies, 190.
Lucy Walter, mother of Duke of Monmouth, 374.
Morgan's North Wales and Telford, 263.
NiccolinFs verses on a dream, 264.
" Sir Guy the Seeker," 289. 337.
S. (I. W.) on William Davenport, 174.
S. (J.) on Edmund Peacham, 451.
S. (J. B.) on ancient pipe case, 189.
Archer, an English sirname, 350.
S. (J. D.) on star and crescent on seals, 220.
S. (J. G. H.) on Bennet and other families, 229.
S. (J. L,) on James I.'s letter to Shakspeare, 369.
S. (J. R.) on glass manufacture, 290.
S. (J. W.) on Coventry god-cakes, 229.
Skating, French lines on, 508.
Skimpole, a real, 106.
Skoymus, its derivation, 429.
S. (K. P.) on Kneller's portrait of Shakspeare, 45.
Skynner (Vin.), letter to Mr. Hicks, 393.
Slavery in England, 187. 256.
Sleath (Dr. W. B.), his library, 492.
Sleep, a long one, 227.
Sleeping in church, 266. 336.
Slocombe (R.) on Bacon and Shakspeare, 504.
Smethell's Hall chapel burnt, 448.
Smith (A. S.) on Rev. Thomas Crane, 233.
Smith (Charles), " History of Kerry," 27. 216.
Smith (John), artist, 172.
Smith (Richard) of Bristol Infirmary, 250.
INDEX.
547
Smith (Dr. Wm.), error in his " Dictionary of Greek and
Roman Geography," 86.
Smith (W. J. Bernhard) on fish being tamed, 296.
Font inscription, 307.
Inn signs, 299.
Regiments, notes on, 35.
Rose leaves, 459.
Saguntum sword-blades, 417.
Toledo blades, 26.
S. (M. N.) on Curll and the Westminster scholars, 21.
Francis's Horace, 156.
Snape (Dr.), satirical poem on, 423.
Sneyd (Honora). noticed, 36. 396.
Socius Dunelm on Rev. Charles Hotham, 100.
Lingard (Wm.), his will, 104.
Lord Dean of York, 294.
Solicitors temp. Charles I., 385.
Songs and Ballads : —
Agincourt battle, 349. 395.
Carmagnoles, 269. 334. 394.
Cope : "Hey, Johnnie Cope," 68. 135. 180.
Cow and Snuffers, 20. 60.
God save the King, 60. 96. 137. 334. 396.
Hallow my fancie, 57. 98. 138.
Income tax, 57.
Jacobite song, 43. 79.
King's health, 128.
Lass of Richmond Hill, 6.
Long Lankyn ballad, 324. 392.
There's a gude time coming, 148.
Tune the old Cow died of, 39. 157.
South (Dr. Robert), oration on his death, 361.
South-Sea schemes, 366.
Southey (Robert), " History of Portugal," 431.
Southwell manuscripts, 310.
Spain, the king's sirname, Norway, 352.
Spanish proverbs, works on, 388. 456.
Sparrow (Bp.) misprint in his " Collection of Articles,"
505.
Sparrow family arms, 431.
Spencer (Hon. John) of Althorp, 50.
Spiders' webs, their structures, 450. 517.
Spinke (John), his quarrel with Curll, 321.
S. (P. 0.) on Swift's portrait, 199. 510.
Spooner (Lawrence), "Looking-Glass for Smoakers," 471.
Spooner (Wm.) on brewer's will, 339.
Spring Gardens, Greenwich, 456.
" Springers,'' or 62nd regiment, 36.
Squib, an Oxford, 101. 377.
S. (R.) on ordinaries of arms, 293.
S. (R, R.) on the great comet of 1556, 105.
Dr. Forster on periodical meteors, 107.
S. (S.) on Lord Chancellor Cowper, 1 50.
Ss. (J.) on Mr. Buchanan, American president, 451.
Hayne, or haining, 156.
Leckerstone, its meaning, 418.
Mawes of kites, 456.
Murdison v. Millar, 313.
Rand, its etymology, 138.
S. (S. S.) on Kalends, 236.
" Terentianus Christianus," 508.
S. (T.) on petition of Dr. Walker's niece, 461.
Stag beetle, 83.
Stanhope (Earl) and steam navigation, 50.
Stanhope (H.) and the " Progress of Dulness," 203.
Stanley (Edward), author of " Elmira," 49.
Stanmore Magna, inscription on an achievement, 26.
Stanwix (Major-General), noticed, 37. 59.
Stapylton (Sir Robert and Sir Philip), 468.
Stars in the East, 207.
Starving, mental condition of the, 288.
Stationers' Hall registers, 322.
S. (T. B.) on St. Vedast alias Foster, 509.
S. (T. C.) on Sir Isaac Newton's niece, 390.
Steam navigation and Earl Stanhope's experiments, 50.
Steele (Archibald), noticed, 68.
Steele (Wm.) Lord-Chancellor, his portrait, 387.
Steinman (G. S.) on " The Christian Sodality," 339.
Stencilled books, 47.
Stephens (Hen.) on germination of seeds long buried, 58.
Grain crops, 180.
Heat in 1826 and 1856, 180.
Human skin tanned, 252.
Leverets with a white star, 59.
Stephens (J.) on stereoscopes, 292.
Stephens (Mrs. Joanna), her nostrum, 380.
S. (T. G.) on " Hey, Johnnie Cope," 135.
Human skin tanned, 252.
Name (Rev. Wm.) of Dysart, 295.
Stic on Lieut. William Bligh, 411.
Stilwell (John P.) on mediaeval parchment, 20.
Stirling (Wm. Alexander, 1st Earl of), epitaph, 449.
Stock frost. 494.
Strabo on Ireland, 159.'
Street nomenclature, 518.
Striking in the king's court, 49. 75.
Stringer (James), author of " A Cantab 's Leisure," 109.
Strother (John Ker), his descent, 156.
Strother (Mark) of Kirknewton, 352.
Strype (John), " Life of Parker," 266.
Stuart family arms, 300.
Stuart (Charles Edward), grandson of James II., medal,
494.; his stay at Manchester in 1745, 147.
Stuart (James), artist and architect, 80. 100.
Stuart (Lady Arabella), her papers, 468.
Stunt, a provincialism, 237. 279.
Stylites on " Chimasra," a poem, 30.
Epitaph at Kinver Church, 305.
Horsetalk, 57.
Kneller's portraits of the Kit-Cat Club, 451.
Murdiston and Millar, trial, 30.
Numerous families, 39.
Oldest building in the British Isles, 449.
Plants in sleeping-rooms, 52.
Suffragan bishops, list of, from the llth century, 1. 88.
91. 136.
Sugar-loaf mountains, co. Wicklow, 508.
" Suiceri Thesaurus," editions of 1682 and 1728, 507.
Sunderland (Anne, Countess of), " The little Whig," 49.
Sun-dial mottoes, 464.
Superstition of the present day, 128.
" Sursum corda," and " Sanctus," posture at repeating
them, 68. 205. 437.
Sutile pictures, 386.
S. (V. F.) on artillery in 17th century, 414.
Long Lankyn ballad, 392.
S. (W.) on whistle tankards, 316.
Swang, a provincialism, 79. 237. 439.
S. (W. H.) on Bacon and Shakspeare, 503.
Swift (Dean), letter to Rev. Mr. Pyle, 182. 256.; por-
trait in Faulkner's edition of his Works, 21. 96. 139.
158. 199. 254. 509.
Swifte (E. L.) on Dean Swift's portraits, 139.
548
INDEX.
S. (Y.) on Lincoln's Inn Fields avenues, 428.
Medlars introduced int$ England, 173.
" View of the Jewish Religion, 467:'
Sybil, lines on the, 430. 473.
Sydney on Sir John Hayward's birth, 450.
Sydserff (Mrs. Marion), verses on her death, 367.
Symbols of saints, 288. 339. 419.
Syrnmons (Dr. Charles), and Milton's Prose Works, 505.
Symond's Court Castle, 353.
Synodals explained, 151.
T.
T. on Connecticut charter oak, 226.
Capt. Charles Morris, 412.
Husbands beating their wives, 478.
Theatrical property, 429.
Tablets, forged Roman waxen, 5.
T. (A. G.) on the origin of the term gites, 309.
Tailor reduced to zero, 146.
Tale wanted, 11. 75. 218.
Tallet, or hay-loft, 409.
Talleyrand and Skakspeare, 369.
Tankards, whistle, 247. 316.
" Tantum ergo," an eucharistic hymn, 13. 59.
Tape Line on Keay the timber merchant, 210.
Tau on Smith's Dictionary of Geography, 86.
Taverns in 1608, 491.
Taylor (A.) on " Destruction of Small Vices," 190.
Foreign Reformed liturgies, 67.
Samuel Rolle of Trinity College, 88.
Taylor (E. S.) on briefs collected "in Ormesby St. Mar-
garet, 222.
Mapsticks, 315.
Mayor of London in 1335, 213.
Roman coins forged, 406.
Water-spouts on land, 328.
Taylor (H. W. S.) on Naked-boy Court, 460.
Taylor (Thomas) the Platonist, 489.
T. (C.) on coach miseries, 126.
Early rising and night watching, 388.
Letter writers by profession, 487.
" Right man in the right place," 419.
Stained glass, its origin, 506.
T. (C. S. G.) on " Call me not pale, but fair," 431 .
Tea, preparation of cold, 467.
Teague on Bensley the actor, 356.
" Te Deum," paraphrased, 370.
Tee Bee on the Courtney family, 404.
Oak-apple day, 405.
Rous, serjeant-at-law, 308.
" Secret History of the Green Room," 348.
" Tarantula," its author, 310.
Walters (Lucy), her ancestry, 308.
While (Henry Kirke), his mother's family, 371.
Telford (Thomas) and the Menai Bridge, 263.
Temperature of the weather at the Incarnation, 466.
Temple, the regicides, their family, 12.
Temple (R. G.) on Temple the regicide, 12.
Temple (Sir Wm.), his motto, 352.
Temple (W. E.) on fossil skeleton near Fondel, 49.
Ten Commandments. See Decalogue.
Tennent (Sir J. Emerson) on elephants exasperated by
blood of mulberries, 435.
Water-spouts in the Indian Ocean, 89.
Tennis, its origin, 210. 257.
Terence, ed. 1496, 354.; "Andrian," its translator, 466.
" Terentianus Christianus," by Gondano, 508.
Test laws, works on, 141.
Testons, proclamation respecting, 383.
Tetburiensis on races at Tetbury, 352.
Tetbury races, 352. 418.; vicars, 53, 54.
T. (G. W.) on Shakspeare and Erasmus, 44.
Thanksgiving-day in America, 198. 258.
Theatrical property in the United Kingdom, 429.
Theodolite, its etymology, 379.
Theophilus on Baron Reichenbach and Dr. Maitlaud,
243.
Theosophists and mystics, 487.
T. (H. E. P.) on sun-dial mottoes, 464.
Theta on modern Judaism, 198.
Thetcher (Thomas), epitaph, 64.
" Think of me," a poem, 109. 219. 274. *
Thomas (W. M.) on Curll's poisoning, 383.
Marriot, the great eater, 31.
Thompson (Pishey) on battle of Brunnanburg, 277.
Dick's hatband, 238.
Stunt, a provincialism, 279.
Thorns (W. J.) on Dodsley's Collection of Poems, 274,
Markland's verses on Pope's Satire on Addison, 243.
" Progress of Dulness," 201.
Thorburn (R.) on approach of vessels, 96.
Thornton (Abraham), his trial by battcl. 241. 433.
Thorold families, 282. 399.
Threlkeld family, 190.
Threlkeld on Bisselius, 173.
Bonaparte's English letter, 385.
Cabinet councils, 427.
Celtic element in the English language, 395.
Cumberland's John de Lancaster, 247.
Custom at Dunchurch, 516.
Elizabeth (Queen), her epitaphs, 246.
Houses of entertainment in 1608, 491.
How to frighten dogs, 460.
Malakoff, its origin, 465.
Mary L, her surreptitious heir, 288.
Miles, an acrostic, 171.
Naked-Boy court, Ludgate, 387.
Proverbs illustrating national character, 486.
Threlkeld family, 190.
Vegetable bread and wine, 448.
Thruston (Dr. Malachi), noticed, 190. 272.
T. (H. S.) on Hampshire topography, 328.
Thurscrosse (Dr. Timothy), his library, 170.
Tillotson (Abp.), his Life published by Curll, 403.
Timbs (John) on Jews' bread, 47.
Titmouse, its etymology, 144.
T. (J. E.) on demonological queries, 492.
Responsibility of man to animals. 69.
T. (N. G.) on origin of regattas, 410.
Quotation wanted, 450.
T. (N. L.) on coach miseries, 313.
Colman's Iron Chest, 178.
Door-head inscription, 238.
Epitaph at Bradford, 397.; at Ryde, 408.
Lollard, its etymology, 329.
Money enclosed in seals, 178.
Watch, lines on, 399.
Water-drinkers becoming poets, 351.
Winter assizes, 87.
Toad-eater, its etymology, 424.
Tobacco early used by the Central Americans, 124.;
songs on,95.297.332;471.
INDEX.
549
Todd (Dr. J. H.) on suffragan bishops, 136.
Todd (Win. Wilson), jeu d'esprit, 408.
Toledo blades, 2 6.
Toleration, Works on, 142.
Tollenarius (Joannes), his works, 191.
Tong church, Salop, its parochial library, 499.
Toothless woman, 449.
Torch dance, 405.
Torture, instruments of, 109. 398.
Tothill pedigree, 372. 437. 496.
Tpwers, Cleaning, and crooked church spires, 388. 456.
478. '
Town-butts, shooting at, 414.
Traditions, remote, through few links, 29. 74. 483.
Trafalgar, notes, on, 346. 384. 443.
Trance, the voluntary, 148.
Tranent kirk, extracts from its Book of Discipline, 427.
Trapp (Joseph), noticed, 53, 54.
Trees and flowers, notes on, 72.
Tremaine (Nicholas and Andrew), twins, 10.
Trevelyan (Sir W. C.) on money in legal seals, 129.
Trinity, ancient representations of the, 248.
Trinity College, Cambridge, a Fellow referred to by Earl
of Sandwich, 49.
Troco, or lawn billiards, 10. 75.
Troia, a town of Portugal, 229.
T. (E. S.) on motto of "Sir Win. Temple, 352.
Quarterings and grants of arms, 354.
Terence, edition of 1496, 354.
Truant Felice, a monastery, 328.
Tryon (Dr. Thomas), his Works, 488.
Tschlin, its locality, 371.
T. (T. M.) on John Hamilton Reynolds, 274.
Tuckett (John) on Tothill pedigree, 496.
Tudno (St.), notices of, 230.
Tuke (John), his work on Grain Crops, 88.
Tumbrel, instrument of punishment, 374.
Tunstal on Tyndale's New Testament, 493.
Turncoat, origin of the epithet, 86.
Turner (J. M. W.), his accuracy in architectural back-
grounds, 187.
T. (W.) on apostle spoons, 112.
Ariosto, early illustrated editions, 173.
Construction of quadrants, 189.
Epitaph at Ryde, 457.
Leaning towers, 456.
T. (W. H. W.) on corporate and parochial records, 505.
Felo-de-se and manorial rights, 57.
Huddlestone (John), of Magdalen College, 57.
Mayor of London in 1335, 39.
Punishment of dishonest bakers, 20.
Twysden (Sir Wm.), speeches in House of Commons, 82.
Tyndale's New Testament, 1538, 493.
Typography, its early localities, 287.
Tyzack family, 335.
U.
Umbrella, or parasol, 76.
Uneda on William Dunlap, 339.
" No pent-up Utica," &c., 357.
« November Nights," 329.
Queen's Case Stated, 329.
Reading of the psalms, 399.
Universities, royal privileges at, 270. 319.
Unkempt, its meaning, 506.
Upton (Charles), organist, 389.
Upton (Wm.) and " The Lass of Richmond Hill," 7.
Urban VI., a parliamentary pope, 451.
Uthwatt family, and its arms, 230.
V.
Vacuum on Aneroid, 417.
Valliere (La Duchesse de la), epigram on, 491.
Vandyck, a Swedish diplomatist, 269.
Vardill (Rev. Dr.), author of " The Unknown," 437.
Varvicensis on portrait of Godiva, 492.
Vatican, drawings of English edifices, 350.
Vaughan (Henry) and Samuel Rogers, 126.
Vechs on colouring natural flowers, 438.
Vectis on habits of the coot, 477.
Vedast (St.), alias Foster, 509.
Vegetable bread and wine, 448.
V. (E. H.) on Cromwell House, Old Brompton, 396.
Veni Creator, the longer metrical version, 309. 474.
Verral (Charles), noticed, 109.
Vespertilio on books to public libraries, 332.
Filazer, his office, 354.
Hint to Lord Palmerston, 32.6.
Nicknames of American States, 309.
Regattas, 477.
Vessels' approach foreseen, 96.
Vestris (Madame), her parentage, 270.
Viator on Saguntum sword-blades, 356.
Vicary (Thomas), " The Englishman's Treasure," 333.
" View of the Jewish Religion," 1656, 467.
Vilain-Quatorze (Count), 338. 398.
Vilmar (Professor) on diabology, 268.
Vincent (Dr.), oration at Richard Cumberland's grave,
469.
Vindex on secondary punishments, 129.
" Vine," a parable, 68.
Viner's Abridgment, advertisement of, 85. 179.
Virgil's Works, Masvicius' edition, 174. 235. 379.
Virginian Company, records of, 108.
Visiting cards, 514.
V. (J.) on Punch and Judy, 496.
Voltaire (M. F. A.), his " Candide " and the " Quarterly
Review," 349. 398. 433 ; " Candide," its Continua-
tion, 229. 319. 398.
Vox, on Lord Bacon the author of Shakspeare's Plays,
369.
Charles II.'s letter to Queen of Bohemia, 111.
Culpeper (Judith), 130.
Fairies, 338.
Husbands authorised to beat their wives, 359.
Jumping-dance, 512.
Near-sightedness, 397.
New England queries, 335.
" Pence a piece," 338.
Penn (Hon. Thomas), 211.
Proportion of males and females, 452.
Torture instruments, 398.
Wheel of Milborne Port, 111.
W. on Capt. R. Browne of Gually's dragoons, 288.
Burns's inedited poem, 506.
550
INDEX.
W. on " Imago primi saeculi Societatis Jesu," 191.
W. Bombay, on Mayor of London, 1335, 438.
Parish registers, %6. 318.
Wotton (Dean), his MS. collections, 288.
Wotton (John), " Courtlie Controversie of Cupid's
Cautels," 513. *
W. 1, on " Pence a piece," 66.
W. and P. on German Concordance, 475.
W. of Wincestre on Wilkins of Gloucestershire, 490.
Wade (Thomas), translator of the " Island," 37.
Wager of battel, 241. 433.
Wagers, curious, 427.
Wagessum, its meaning, 509.
Wahrheit on anonymous works, 99.
Walcott (Mackenzie) on Arnold of Westminster, 160.
Bell inscriptions, 438.
Blawn-sheres, 137. 278.
Flambeaux in Grosvenor Square, 8.
Greek cross, 498.
Last words of the Great, 192.
Lord Dean of York, 397.
Prebendal stalls, 120.
Regiments, notes on, 36. 215. 418.
Sewers, blawn-sheres, &c., 137. 278.
Suffragan bishops, 1.
Whitsunday, 154.
Walker (A.) on " First of March," 410.
Walker (Dr. George), petition of his grand-niece, 46 L
Walker (Robert), portrait-painter, 33.
Waller (Henry), the oldest Australian colonist, 307.
Waller (Robert), M.P. for Chipping Wycombe, 490.
Walpole (Horace), new edition of his " Letters," 40. 66.
518.; on the Whittingtonian Antiquaries, 88. 117.
Walpole (Sir Robert), Curll'a letter to him, 443.
Walter (Lucy) alias Barlow, 308. 374.
Walton's Polyglott, Earl of Clarendon's copy, 275.
Wanley (Humphrey), Pope's letter to, 242/296.
Warburtou (Bishop), epigram on, 22. 96.; author of an
article on his writings in " Quarterly Review," 373.
Ward (Simon) on pariah registers, 217.
Smith's History of Kerry, 216.
Warton's History of English Poetry, erratum, 287.
Warwick (Eden) on Celtic element in the English lan-
guage, 308.
Dissection of murderers, 98.
Fish being tamed, 339.
Leckerstone, its meaning, 290.
Radchenister or Radrnan, 417.
Showers of wheat, 335.
Watch inscriptions, 109. 291. 399.
Watchmakers, London, in early times, 308.
Water-drinkers becoming poets, 351.
Waterloo, Haydon's notes on the battle, 166.
Water-spouts in the Indian Ocean, 89.; on land, 328.
W. (B. S.) on translation of Aristotle's Organon, 39.
W. (D.) on artillery in 17th century, 328.
Tumbrel, an instrument of punishment, 374.
Weather rhymes, 227. 516.
Webb (R.) on Mayor of London in 1335, 293.
Weldons of Swanscombe, co. Kent, 49.
Wells cathedral, its east window, 476.
Wells Corporation, Charles l.'s letter to, 185.
Welsh custom of dividing ships, 159. 339.
Wemyss (M. E.) on worm in wood, 173.
Wentworth (Win.), 2nd Earl of Strafford, 111. >
W. (E. S.) on Mrs. Siddons's first appearance, 120.
Wesley (Rev. Samuel), " Neck or Nothing," 361.; Alex.
Pope's letter to him, 363.
West (Edw.) on Silures of Iberic origin, 271.
West (Joshua), his poetical will, 386.
Westerham parochial library, 78.
Westminster Plays, their Prologues and Epilogues, 68.
199. ,
Westminster scholars punish Edmund Curll, 361.
W. (F.) on Punch and Judy, 496.
W. (G.) on Munich tune, 410.
Paulett (Lord Charles), 11.
Whateley (Abp.), epigram by, 487.
W. (H. E.) on frightening dogs, 278.
Last words of the great, 105.
Morgan O'Doherty, 218.
Weldons of Swanscombe, in Kent, 49.
Wheat, showers of, 289. 335. 1
Wheel for the borough of Milborne Port, 111. 477.
Whig: " The little Whig," 49.
Whistle tankards, 247. 416.
Whitborne (J. B.) on Brilley church and funeral stone,
307.
Davis the almanac maker, 30.
Ducking-stool and Jenny Pipes, 295.
Fish tamed, 296.
Serjeants' rings, 24.
White (A. Holt) on Mr. Buthurst's disappearance, 95. 137.
Chimney, first in England, 410.
Eggs in heraldry, 419.
Germination of seeds, 239.
Hogarth family, 198.
Holly an indigenous evergreen, 113. 215.
Howland family, 297.
Lofer, origin of the word, 448.
Oyster shells, 228.
Partridges scented by dogs, 435.
Quercus robur, 309. 434.
Sexes, their proportion, 358.
Tennis, its origin, 257.
Wagessum, its meaning, 509.
White (Henry Kirke), his mother's family, 371.
White of Fittleford, co. Dorset, descendants, 450.
Whitehead (Dr. J. C.), noticed, 372.
Wiiite House, Worcestershire, illuminated parchment at,
481. 501.
Whitsunday, origin of name, 77. 99. 153.
Whittington and his Cat, discussions on, 88. 117.
Wliyte (Rowland), noticed, 27. 438.
Widkirk miracles, passage in, 106.
Wilde (Dr.) song, " Hallow my fancie," 57. 138.
Wilde (Wrn. C.) on Patrick O'Kelly, the Irish bard, 107.
Wilfred, on copying encaustic tiles, 270.
Fowlers of Staffordshire, 307.
Wilkins of Gloucestershire, 490.
Wilkins's vegetable bread and wine, 448.
Wilkinson (J. B.) on derivation of Skoymus. 429.
Lines on skating, 508.
William L, his joculator, 111.
William III. and the De Wits, 6.; Bp. Burnet's letter
on his landing, 244. ; his circular to the Wells bur-
gesses, 125.
William of Nassington, his " Speculum Vitse," 492.
Willis (Dr. Thomas), his Works, 488.
Wills, poetical, 303. 386.
Wills (Rev. James), portrait painter, 250.
Wills (W. H.) on compulsory attendance at church, 466.
INDEX.
551
Wilson (Beau), noticed, 400.
Wilson (Joshua) on Kev. Thomas Crane, 257.
Hotham (Rev. Charles), 278.
Winchester and imperial bushel, 131.
Winchester, epitaphs at, 64. 195. ; St. Cross's Hospital,
450.
Wind, varies in different countries, 370.
Winds, the trade, decrease in force, 139.
Winter assizes, 87.
Winthrop (Wm.) Malta, on beans for voting, 408.
Burning the dead, 296.
Canard, origin of the word, 370.
Christian bell at Bulgaria, 326.
Cock-fighting, its origin, 8.
Connecticut charter oak, 386.
Foreign Journals and Reviews, 348.
" Gone to Jericho," 330.
Instrument of torture, 109.
Marriage, a church service, 387.
Raven superstition, 325.
Walton's Polyglott Bible, 275.
Wintoun (Earl of), publication of his trial, 402.
W. (J. K. R.) on " Call me not pale, but fair," 497.
Mayors re-elected, 477.
W. (J. R.) on " Knowledge and Wisdom," 31.
W. (0.) on heraldry of the Channel Islands, 270.
Wolcot (Dr. John), bribed to silence, 418.
Wolfe (Rev. C.), words to the air " Gramachree," 327.
Wolves eating earth, 328. ; extinction in Ireland, 120.
Women's entrances into churches, 1*68.
Wong, a provincialism, 79. 237. 439.
Woodman (E. F.) on bottles filled by pressure of the
sea, 114.
Woodward (B. B.) on crooked naves, 158.
Chilcombe churches, near Winchester, 165.
Worcester diocese, its early boundaries, 353.
Wordsworth (Wm.), his autograph for ladies, 487.
Worm in wood, 173.
Wormwood, its etymology, 144.
Worthley (Grace), noticed, 497.
Wotton (Henry), " Courtlie Controversie of Cupid's
Cautels," 428. 513.
Wotton (Dean Nicholas), his MS. Collections, 288.
W. (P. A.) on Pope and Warburton, 182.
W. (R.) on Queen Anne's foster-father, 276.
Identity of Morgan O'Doherty, 145.
Wray (Daniel), was he Junius ? 164. 212.
Writers bribed to silence, 18. 418.
W. (S.), satire on Bp. Warburton, 22.
W. (T.) on a lesson for laureates, 487.
Germination of seeds, 198.
W. (T. H.) on Dr. Clayton and coal gas, 224.
W. (T. T.) on the battle of Brunnanburh, 229.
W. (T. W.) on ^Elites, 250.
W. (W.) on the Copernican system, 248.
W 2. (W.) on Walpole and the Whittingtonians, 88.
W. (W. D.) on Daniel Wray, 212.
Wycherley (Wm.), " Letters to Alex. Pope," 345.
Wyld's globe and Langlard's georama, 172. 348.
Wylie (Charles) on " Book of Knowledge," 90.
Wylie (Charles) on " The Little Whig," 49.
Wynen (J. V.) on Cobbett's tomb, 317.
Moor Park legend, 405.
X. on Culme family of Devonshire, 330.
Near-sightedness, 236.
Serjeant-trumpeter, 411.
Shakspeare's " mortal coil," 284.
Xenophon's Anabasis, lib. i. cap. 6., 267.
XL. on fleur-de-lis, 510.
X. (W.) on punishment for striking in the King's Court,
59.
Y.
Yellow for mourning, 452.
Yeowell (James) on Sir John Danvers, 449.
Duke of Richmond's recantation of Popery, 51.
Herbert's letter to Bishop Andrewes, 350.
Hops, a wicked weed, 243.
Military dinner party, 127.
Thurscrosse (Dr. Timothy), his library, 170.
Y. (J.) on Mrs. Argens's work, 352.
Clerkenwell, incumbents of St. James's, 309.
" Hair of the dog that bit you," 273.
Herbert (Geo.), his sinecure, 451.
Inscription on an achievement, 26.
Kneller's portrait of Shakspeare, 79.
Newcourt's Repertorium, 304.
Pope's Letters to Wycherley, 1729, 345.
Pull for Prime, 431.
Walpole and Whittington's cat, 1 1 7.
" Weep not for me," &c., a Sermon, 492.
York (New) murder, 110.
York service books, 37.
York, the Lord Dean of, 171. 294. 397.
Young (Alicia Maria), grand-niece of Dr. Walker, her
petition to George III., 461.
Z. on device of crescent and star, 119.
Zeus on' Aristotle's Proverbs, 118.
Diogenes the Cynic, saying of, 180.
"Pence a piece," 219.
Z. (G. M.) on "As tight as Dick's hatband," 259.
Germination of seeds, 278.
Seven oaks and twelve elms, 188.
Slavery in England, 256.
Z. (M. F.) on translation of Camoens, 37.
Zooks, its derivation, 147.
Z. (X. Y.) on ancient oaths, 99.
Darien and Equivalent Companies, 330.
Van Dyck, a Swedish diplomatist, 269.
Z. z. on ancient Cheshire games, 487.
Receipt for making the fair sex, 86.
END OF THE SECOND VOLUME. — SECOND SERIES.
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West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid — Saturday, January 17, 1857.
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