NOTES AND QUERIES:
1
A
intnr*Cmnmuttftattott
FOB
LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
When found, make a note of." CAPTAIN CUTTLB.
SECOND SERIES. VOLUME SECOND.
JULY DECEMBER, 1856.
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2<* S. N 27., JULY 5. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
LONDON, SATURDAY, JULY 5, 1856.
OUR NEW VOLUME.
Although altogether unwilling to occupy with the
expression of our own feelings the space which WE would
more gladly see filled by the communications of our
Friends, WE cannot resist availing ourselves of the op-
portunity afforded us by the commencement of a Volume
to express our gratification at tlie approval which has at-
tended the step of beginning A NEW SERIES, and the no
less general satisfaction with which the INDEX TO THE
FIRST SERIES has been received. WE are glad, too, of
the opportunity which it presents to us of thanking the
numerous Friends and Contributors to " NOTES AND
QUERIES," for their continued and valuable assistance.
SUFFRAGAN BISHOPS.
At the present time, when suffragan bishops
are so urgently required to assist the overtasked
bishops of England, the following li.st, taken from
my complete, but unpublished "Book of the
British Hierarchy," may prove interesting. Well
would it he if bishops in bad health, or incapable
of efficiently administering their dioceses from
their magnitude, were supplied with coadjutors.
Churches eminently adapted for being episcopal
sees are in every diocese : Westminster for Lon*
don, Southwell for Lincoln, St. Germains for
Cornwall, Bath for Bath and Wells, Bristol for
Gloucester and Bristol, St. Alban's for Rochester,
Beverley for York, Middleham for Ripon, Co-
ventry for Lichfield, Bury for Norwich, St.
Neot's for Ely ; while it would be easy to suggest
Romsey, Dorchester, Wrexham, Shoreham, Bre-
con, Shrewsbury, &c., for the remaining sees.
By 28 Henry VIII. c. 14. the following suffra-
gan sejs were proposed to be erected : Cambridge,
Hull, Berwick, St. Germains, Thetford, Ipswich,
Grantham, Huntingdon. Southampton, GuiMford,
Leicester, Nottingham, Shrewsbury, Penrith, Mol-
ton, Bridgwater, Isle of Wight, Colchester, Lei-
cester. The following five were suffragan sees
for a time : Taunton, Shaftesbury, Marlborough,
Dover, and Bedford. Gloucester, Bristol, Ox-
ford, Peterborough, and Chester, were perma-
nently erected. Westminster was a bishopric,
1540-50.
In the xxxvth Canon of 1603, suffragans are
named as ministering Holy Orders. And in King
Charles II.'s Declaration from Breda, he stated
his intention to found suffragans in every diocese.
Formerly suffrngans were consecrated" to serve
in the absence of the diocesans on embassies, at
court, or attendance on civil affairs. Sometimes
they had no titles : they consecrated and recon-
ciled churches, administered orders and confirma-
tion. It appears from Strype, that in the Primate's
Hall, they occupied an inferior place at table.
An Act of Parliament was passed for consecrating
coadjutors in Ireland, 1812, 52 Geo. III. c. 62.
Gamaliel, Bishop of Sodor and Man, 1160. (Lin-
coln.)
Siward, Archbishop of Upsula. (Canterbury.)
Ralph, consecrated to Orkney by the Archbishop
and Bishops of Worcester and Lichfield. (York.)
Ralph Howell, Bishop of Orkney. (York.)
John, Bishop of Whitherne. (York.)
Robert Gobson. (York.)
Henrv of London, Archbishop of Dublin. (Lich-
field.)
Thomas, Bishop of Down, 1213 1237. (Ely.)
Walter de Blakeley, Bishop of Ossory, 12321244.
(Lincoln.)
William Egmund, on Augustinian; Bishop of Pis-
sinensis. (Lincoln.)
John. (Canterbury.)
Brendan, Bishop of Ardfert, 12371242. (Lich-
field.)
John de Cheam, Bishop of Glasgow. (Bath and
Wells.)
Reginald, Bishop of Cloyne, 12651274. (Lin-
coln.)
Peter, Archbishop of Lyons. (Lincoln.)
Gilbert, Bishop of Aghadoe. (Worcester.)
John, Bishop of Connor. (Canterbury.)
Roland, Bishop of Angers. (Canterbury.)
Stephen Segrave, Archbishop of Armagh. (Lich-
field.)
Robert le Petit, Chancellor of Exeter. (Exeter.)
Peter, Bishop of Corbona, Hungary: died Jan. 19,
1332 ; buried in the Franciscan Priory, London.
(London.)
Benedict, Augustine of Norwich, Archbishop of
Smyrna. (Norwich.)
Robert, Bishop of Lamburgh. (Bangor.)
Hugh, Archbishop of (Damestensis). (York.)
Thomas de Brackenbury, a Franciscan, Bishop of
Leighlin, 1349 13<>3. (Ely.)
John Pascal, Carmelite of Ipswich ; Bishop of Scu-
tari ; translated to Llandaff. (Norwich.)
Robert Hyntlesham, Bishop of (Sanascopolis).
(Norwich.)
William, Bishop of Tusculum. (Bath and Wells.)
Thomas Bedingfield, Archbishop of Nazareth.
(Norwich.)
William Bottlesham, Bishop of Bethlehem ; titular
of Raab, in Hungary; translated to Rochester.
(Canterbury.)
Simon, Bishop of Achonry. (Ely, Winton.)
Richard Fitzralph, Archbishop of Armagh. (Lich-
field.)
Robert Calder, Bishop of Dunkeld. (Winton.)
Richard Messing, Bishop of Dromore, 1408-10 ; a
Carthusian. (York.)
John, Bishop of Dromore, 141019: died 1420.
(York.)
John, Rector of Threxton, 1400; Chancellor of
Norwich, 1399 ; Archbishop of Smyrna. (Nor-
wich.)
John Francis, Archbishop of Bourdeanx. (Lincoln.)
Oswald, Bishop of Whitherne. (Durham.)
John, Bishop of Narenta in Dalmatia. [Ste-
phanensis.3 (Ely.)
John Camere, Bishop of Aghadoe. (Worcester.)
April 1. Robert, Bishop of Emly. (Norwich.)
1043.
1074.
1138.
1191.
1213.
1213.
1237.
1240.
1253.
1259.
1273.
1292.
1306.
1312.
1323.
1324.
1325.
1331.
1348.
1340.
1353.
1355.
1382.
1387.
1397.
1400.
1408.
1411.
1416.
14-22.
1422.
1424
2
NOTES AND QUEEIES.
[2nd s. NO 27., JULY 5. '56.
1426, Dec. 22. Robert, Bishop of Aghadoe [Gladensis].
(Norwich.)
1428. Nicholas Wartre, a Franciscan, Bishop of Dromore,
14191427. (York.)
1441, Sept. 10. Thomas Radclyffe, Bishop"of Dromore,
14401489. (Durham.)
David Cbirbury, a Carthusian, Bishop of Dromore,
14271434. (St. David's.)
1449. Thomas Barret, Bishop of Aghadoe. (Lincoln.)
1452. John, Bishop of Philippi. (Durham.)
1449. Thomas Scrope Bolton, Bishop of Down or Dro-
more. (Norwich.)
John Clederowe, translated to Bangor, 1425. (Can-
terbury.)
1478. Edmund Conisburgh, Archbishop of Armagh, 1477,
which he resigned 1480. (Ely.)
1489. William Egremont, Bishop of Dromore, 1500
1504. (York.)
1490. Thomas Vivian, Prior of Bodmin, Bishop of Me-
gara ; buried at Bodmin. Arms, Or, between 3
leopards' faces, gules ; on a chevron, az. 3 annu-
lets, or : on a chief of the 2nd, 3 martlets of the
3rd. (Exeter.)
1491. Thomas Cornish, Provost of Oriel College, Oxford,
1493 ; Rector of St. Cuthbert's, Wells ; Axbridge,
April 3, 1489 ; Wokey ; Chew, Oct. 8, 1505 ;
Banwell ; Clevesham, March 15, 1502, Master of
St. John's Hospital ; Canon, Oct. 8, 1494, Chan-
cellor, April 21, 1499, Precentor, Sept. 4, 1502, of
Wells; he died July 3, 1513; buried at Wells.
He was Bishop of Tinia in Dalmatia. Arms,
Sable, between 3 roses gu. a chervon arg. (Bath
and Wells.)
James Blakedon, Bishop of Achomy, 1452 ; trans-
lated to Bangor. (Bath and Wells.)
1491. John Bell, Bishop of Mayo [Merionensis]. (Can-
terbury.)
Richard, educated at Oxford ; Dominican of War-
wick ; died 1502; buried in Blackfriars, Wor-
cester; Bishop of (Olevensis) in Mauritania.
(Worcester.)
Philip Pynson, a Grey Friar; educated at Oxford;
Archbishop of Tuam, Dec. 15031506. (Here-
ford.)
1498. Richard Martin, Warden of Grey Friars ; Rector of
Lydde ; and Ickham. (Canterbury.)
1500. Francis, Archbishop of Constantinople. (Bath and
Wells.)
1513. John Young, D.D., consecrated July 3, in St. Tho-
mas D'acre Hospital, London, by the Bishop of
London ; born at Newton Longueville ; educated
at Winchester; Fellow. 1482; Warden, April 13,
1521, of New College, Oxford ; Rector of Carfax ;
St. Christopher Stock, Jan. 22, 1513, St. Magnus,
London Bridge, March 30, 1514 ; Master of St.
Thomas' Hospital, Aug. 12, 1510; Archdeacon
of London, March 18, 1514; Dean of Chichester ;
Judge of the Prerogative Court, 1517 ; Master of
the Rolls; he died March 28, 1526, and was
buried in New College Chapel. He was Bishop
of Calliopolis in Thrace. (London.)
1513. Thomas Woolf, consecrated Sept. 13, to Lacedae-
mon; Vicar of East Ham, May 2, 1514. (Lon-
don.)
1516. John Hatton, of York ; educated at Oxford ; Canon
of York, Oct. 24, 1504; Southwell, Feb. 15, 1506 ;
Archdeacon of Nottingham, Sept. 1506; Bishop
of Negropont; died April 25, 1516; buried at
York. (York.)
1518. Richard Wylson, Prior of Drax ; Bishop of Meath,
152330 ; buried at Bingley, York. (York.)
John Tynmouth, D.D., a Minorite of Lynn ; edu-
cated at Oxford ; Rector of Ludgershall ; Bishop
of Argos : died 1524 ; buried at Boston, of which
he was vicar. (Lincoln.)
John Underwood, son of William, a goldsmith, and
Alice, of St. Andrew's, Norwich; Rector of North
Creeke, 1505, and Eccles; he degraded John
Bilney : bishop of Chalcedon. (Norwich.)
William Gilberd, Abbat of Bruton ; Bishop of Me-
gara. (Bath and Wells.)
Thomas Chard, a Benedictine ; Vicar of Welling-
ton, June, 1512 ; Synterhull, Aug. 1521 ; Abbat
of Montacute, 151532; Bishop of (Solubri-
ensis); died Nov. 1541. (Exeter.)
John Draper, Prior of Christchurch, Hants ; Bishop
of Naples. (Winton.)
Thomas Swillington, Bishop of Philadelphia. (Can-
terbury.)
Thomas Hallam, Bishop of Philadelphia. (Canter-
bury.)
1519. Thomas, Bishop of (Pannadensis) in the archdiocese
of Mayence. (Lichfield.)
1536. Thomas Mannyng, consecrated March 19, at Lam-
beth by the Primate and Bishops of Salisbury
and Rochester to Ipswich ; Prior of Butleigh ;
Rector of Heigham, Somerset, Oct. 2, 1499;
Master of Metingham College, Nov. 12, 1539.
(Norwich.)
1536. John Salisbury, consecrated March 19, at Lambeth,
by the Primate and Bishop of Salisbury and
Rochester to Thetford ; translated to Sodor, April
7, 1570. (Norwich.)
1536. William More, B.C.L., consecrated Oct. 20, by the
Primate and Bishops of St. Asaph and Sidon, in
the Dominican Church, to Colchester. He was a
Master in Chancery ; Abbat of Walden ; Rector
of Bradwell, April 20 ; West Tilbury, Oct. 5, 1534 ;
Prebendary of Lincoln ; York, March 11, 1538 ;
Archdeacon of Leicester. (Ely.)
1536. Thomas Sparke, consecrated to" Berwick ; he was
B.D. of Durham College, Oxford ; Canon of Dur-
ham, May 12, 1521; Master of Holy Island;
Warden of Gretham Hospital. He died 1572, and
was buried at Gretham. (Durham.)
1537. Lewis Thomas, consecrated June 24, at Lambeth,
by the Primate and Bishops of Rochester and St.
Asaph to Shrewsbury. He was Rector of Llan-
turse, and abbat of Keymes. (St. Asaph.)
1537. John Hodgskin, consecrated Dec. 9, in St. Paul's,
to Bedford; he was a Dominican, 1531; Rector
of Lyndon, July 23, 1544 ; Vicar of Walden ; St.
Peter's Cornhill, April 2, 1555 ; Prebendaiy of St.
Paul's, Nov. 26, 1548 ; he died July, 1560. (Lin-
coln.)
1539. John Bradley, Abbat of Milton ; consecrated March
23, by the Bishops of Hippo, Marlborough, and
Bangor, to Shaftesbury, in St. John's Church,
Southampton. (Salisbury.)
Andrew Whitmay, of Gloucester; educated at Ox-
ford ; Bishop of (Chrysopolis) ; died 1546. (St.
Asaph and Worcester.)
John Stonywell, D.D., born at Longdon ; a Bene-
dictine ; Prior of Gloucester Hall, Oxford ; Ab-
bat of Pershore, Oct. 16, 1527; Bishop of Pulati;
he died 1552, and was buried at Longdon. (Wor-
cester.)
Robert Sylvester, Prebendary of York, May 2,
1541 ; Archdeacon of Nottingham, Jan. 31, 1549 ;
Bishop of Hull ; he died 1552. (York.)
Thomas Wellys, Prior of St. Gregory's ; Chaplain
to Archbishop Warham ; Bishop of Sidon. (Can-
terbury.)
1558. March 2. Thomas Chetham, Rector of Bishops-
2nd S . NO 27., JULY 5. '56,]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
bourne, March 21 ; Canon of St. Paul's, Oct. 10,
1553; Wrotham, March 22, 1558; Bishop of
Sidon ; died at Greenwich, 1558. (Canterbury.)
1558. March 8. Licensed to officiate ; Christopher, Bishop
of Sidon. (Canterbury.)
John, Bishop of Hippo. (Canterbury.)
William Favell, of Collumpton ; Prior of St. Nicho-
las, Exeter; Archdeacon of Totness, Aug. 10,
1549; Bishop of Hippo; died July 24, 1537.
' (Exeter.)
Matthew Makerel, Abbat of Burlings; Bishop of
Chalcedon. (Canterbury.)
Thomas Beie, an Austin Canon ; Vicar of Wi-
tham, Jan. 28, 1528 ; Prebendary of St. Paul's,
Nov. 11, 1521 ; Prior of St. Mary Spital, London ;
Ranton ; Abbat of Dorchester ; Bishop of Lydda ;
died Aug. 12, 1540, and was buried at Bury St.
Edmunds. (London.)
1537. John Byrd, consecrated June 24, to Penrith, by the
Primate and Bishops of Rochester and St. Asaph ;
translated to Bangor, 1539 ; and Chester, Aug. 5,
1541. (Llandaff.)
1537. Thomas Morley, Abbat of Stanley; consecrated
Nov. 4, by the Primate and Bishops of Lincoln
and Rochester to Marlborough. (Salisbury.)
1537. Richard Yngworth, consecrated Dec. 9, by the
Primate and Bishops of Rochester and St. Asaph
to Dover ; Rector of Chidingstone, May 10, 1539 ;
Chart, May 28, 1541 ; Wrotham, April 3, 1546 ;
Prior of Langley Regis. (Canterbury.)
1538. Henry Holbeche, consecrated March 24, by the
Bishops of London, Worcester, and St. Asaph,
in Rochester Place, at Lambeth, to Bristol;
translated to Lincoln. (Worcester.)
1538. William Finch, consecrated April 7, in the Do-
minican Church, London, by the Bishops of Ro-
chester, St. Asaph, and Colchester, to Taunton;
he was Prior of Braemar ; Rector of West Carn-
mell, May 8, 1554 ; Prebendary of Wells, Jan. 6,
1557. (Bath and Wells.)
1539. Robert King, consecrated to Roan, near Athens,
translated to Osney and Oxford. (Lincoln.)
1539. John Thornden, D.D., Master of Canterbury Hall,
Oxford; Commissary of Oxford, 15061514;
Prior of Dover, 1508 ; Rector of High Hardys,
Dec. 23, 1505 ; Newington, Aug. 6, 1506 ; Har-
bledown, Aug. 30,1507; Aldington, June 21,
1512; Illogh Monachorum, Nov. 2, 1514; con-
secrated to Sirmium (Szerem) in Hungary.
(Canterbury.)
..Richard Thornden le Stede, Monk of Canterbury ;
Rector of Chidingstone, May 10, 1539 ; Chart,
May 28, 1541 ; Wrotham, April 3 ; Tentwarden,
April 19, 1546; Adisham, 1554; Bishopsbourne,
June 14, 1554 ; Lydde ; Proctor in Convocation,
1541; Prebendary of Canterbury, April 18,
1542 ; Vice-dean, May 17, 1556. Consecrated to
(Syrinensis) and Dover : he proved false to his
patron Cranmer, and was a great persecutor : he
died 1558, and was buried at Bishopsbourne.
(Canterbury.)
1553. Robert Pursglove, born at Tideswell ; educated at
St. Paul's School, and Corpus Christi College,
Oxford ; Prior of Gisborne ; Provost of Rother-
ham ; Archdeacon of Nottingham, 1553, ;
founder of Gisborne School ; Bishop of Hull : he
died May 2, 1579, and was buried at Tideswell.
(York.)
1567. Richard Barnes, consecrated April 5, at York, to
Nottingham; translated to Carlisle, July 23,
1570 ; and to Durham, May 9, 1575. (Lincoln.)
1569. Richard Rogers, S.T.B., consecrated May 15, at
Lambeth, by the Primate and Bishops of London
and Rochester to Dover : he was born at Sutton
Valence; educated at Christ's College, Cam-
bridge ; Rector of Llanarmon ; Dudley, 1549 ;
Dunmow, Feb. 11, 1560 ; Canfield ; Chart, Jan. 19,
1567 ; Prebendary of St. Paul's, Oct. 25, 1566 ;
Archdeacon of St. Asaph, 1559 ; Master of
Eastbridge Hospital, 1594 ; Dean of Canterbury,
Sept. 16, 1584 : he died May 19, 1597, and was
buried in Canterbury Cathedral. (Canterbury.)
1592. John Sterne, consecrated Nov. 12, at Fulham, by
the Primate and Bishops of London, Bristol, and
Rochester, to Colchester ; he was Vicar of Rick-
mansworth, 1584 ; Witham, March 7, 1587 : he
died Feb. , 1607. (London.)
1848. G. T. Spencer, Bishop of Madras (Commissary).
(Bath and Wells.)
1856. Reginald Courtney, Bishop of Kingston; Arch-
deacon of Jamaica. (Jamaica.)
What has become of Dr. Walker s noble pro-
posal to endow a See of Cornwall, acknowledged
in Parliament and by both Houses of Convo-
cation ? MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A.
ETYMOLOGIES.
" Merry England." This expression, I appre-
hend, conveys an erroneous idea to the minds of
persons in general. It is usually supposed to
refer to the gay, joyous character of the English
people of the olden time ; whereas, as I hope I
shall be able to show, it is like " La Belle France,"
and such terms indicative of the nature and ap-
pearance of the country, not of the character of
the people.
The origin of our word merry is the Anglo-
Saxon mijiig, a word seemingly peculiar to that
language, for I have not met any term resembling
it in any of the cognate dialects. Its proper
meaning seems to be pleasant, cheerful, agreeable.
Thus in the Canterbury Tales, the Persone says :
" I wol yow telle a mery tale in prose ; "
and this tale is a grave " Treatise on Penitence,"
to which merry, in its present acceptation, could
never be applied. In like manner it is said of
Chaunticlere the cock :
" His vois was merier than the mery orgon,"
which is not merry in our sense of the word. But
merry is also used of places :
" Of erbe yve that groweth in our yerd that mery is."
" That made hem in a cite for to tarie,
That stood full mery upon a haven syde."
Lincoln is termed merry in the ballad of " Hugh
of Lincoln;" we also meet with Merry Carlisle
and Maryland Town, in which the reference is
plainly to the site, &c., of the place, rather than to
the character of the inhabitants. Merry England
is then, we may say, England that abounds in
comforts, and is pleasant to live in.
I cannot help thinking that merry in its original
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd s . N 27., JULY 5. '56.
sense would, in some cases, pretty accurately ex-
press the peculiar Portuguese term saudoso. The
Liisitanian lexicographers define the substantive
saudade, "grief arising from the absence of the
beloved object, accompanied by the desire of see-
ing it again ; " which is something like desidefium.
But we find saudoso in connections where this is
not the exact sense. Thus we meet with olhos
saudosos, " mery eyen," and Camoens says :
" Nos saUdosos campos do Mondego,"
in both of which places it is the pleasure of pre-
sence, rather than the pain of absence, that is in-
dicated. As I am on the subject of etymology I
will jiive the origin of saudade, saudoso, of which
I have seen no derivation. As then an older
form is so'idade, so'idoso, 1 would say, having in
view the syncopating character of the Portuguese
language, that the root of them, as of the French
souci, is solicitus. I may add that souci and
saudade are names of the same flower.
" Good Cheer" I have given cheerful as a
sense of merry, and it is curious to mark the pro-
gress of the word cheer. There can, I think, be
hardly a doubt that the origin is itdpa, " head ; "
retained by the Spaniards in cara, and changed by
the Italians to cera, ciera, and by the French to
chere, all signifying " face." Hence our cheer
usually denotes aspect, countenance; then it was
applied to the mind, as in " Be of good cheer ; "
and finally, indicative, some might say, of the
English character, good cheer came to signify good
eating and drinking! There were also the verbs
to cheer and to cheer up, the last contracted to
chirp, as in
" He takes his chirping pint and cracks his jokes."
" Lechery." This word is usually derived from
the French lecher, to lick ; but this is evidently
incorrect, for both it and licorous must come from
luxuria, which is exactly the same with it in sense.
THOS. KEIGHTJLEY.
DUKE THE POET.
It may perhaps be doubted whether Richard
Duke deserved the honour of being immortalised
by the pen of our great moralist ; but, since the
tiling lias been done, it seems only a proper mark
of respect to Johnson to make a note of anything
that may assist in filling up his sketches, and
carrying out his purpose. This is especially the
case when the biographer was at a loss for mate-
rials ; and I believe that of all the Lives of the
Poets that of Duke is the shortest and most
superficial. In my copy it does not occupy so
much as one full page ; and what little there is
quite accords with the opening words " Of Mr.
Richard Duke I can find few memorials." More
of his circumstances and personal history may, I
think, be learned from a document which I lately
found, while searching for something else, among
some family deeds and papers in my possession.
How it, and several other documents to which
Duke was a party, came to be where they are, I
cannot tell; but I think that (if room can be made
for it) this one is worth printing as it stands; for
it seems as if it could not be materially abridged
without losing some part of the character or in-
formation. It is written on parchment, and en-
dorsed "A Coppie of Mr. Richard Duke his
Discharge to his ifathers Executors, 1679 :"
"KNOW all men by these presents that I, Richard
Duke, Batchelor of Art, eldest sonne and heire of
Richard Duke, late Citizen and Scrivener of Lon-
don, deceased, and now of the full age of one and
twenty yeares, doe hereby acknowledge, and de-
clare, that I have received and had, at and before
thensealeing and delivery hereof, of and from
Robert Cliilcott, Citizen and Merchantaylor of
London, George Dashwood of London, esquire,
and Thomas Goodwin, Citizen and Scrivener of
London, executors of the last will and testament
of the said Richard Duke my said late father, de-
ceased, my share, and the better share to my
owne content, of all my said fathers printed
books, which he, in and by the said will, did will
and appoynt should be devided betweene his two
sonnes (namely), mee the said Richard Duke, and
my brother Robert Duke; and that I should have
the better share. And that I have also received
and had, of and from them the said executors, in
severall boxes and otherwise, all the deeds, evi-
dences, and writeings, which upon, or after, the de-
cease of my said late father came to, and have
rernayned in the hands, or custody, of them the
said executors, or some or one of them, which do
concern or relate unto the messuage, tenement, or
inne, commonly called, or known, by the name, or
signe, of the White Beare, scituate and being in
West Smithfeild, in the parish of St. Sepulchre's
without Newgate, London. And also all those
which doe concerne, or relate, unto a messuage
or tenement scituate and being in Charterhouse
Lane, on the west side of the said lane, in the
county of Middlesex, and in the parish of St.
Sepulchre's without Newgate, London, aforesaid
(and commonly called, and knowne, by the name,
or signe, of the Woll Sack or Wooll Pack), the
which said inne, and tenement, my said late father,
by his said last will and testament, did give, de-
vise, and bequeath, unto his said executors, and
to the survivors, and survivor, of them, and the
executors, and administrators, of the survivors of
them, dureing, and until!, I the said Richard Duke
should have attayned unto my full age of one and
twenty yeares, upon the trust and to the intents
and purposes in the same his last will and testa-
ment expressed, declared, and conteyned. And
2nd s. NO 27., JULY 5. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
from, and after, I the said Richard Duke should
have fully attained that my said full age of one
and twenty yeares (if I should so long live) then
he gave, devised, and bequeathed the said mes-
suages or tenements unto me the said Richard
Duke, my heires and assigns for ever : subject,
nevertheless, to the provisoes and conditions con-
teyned, and appearing, in the said will and testa-
ment of my said late father. As for touching and
concerning which my said share of bookes, and
the deeds, evidences, and wrireings aforesaid, and
all trust, clayme, and pretence, whatsoever con-
cerning them, or any of them, I the said Richard
Duke doe hereby, for me, my heires, executors,
administrators, and assigns, fully, cleerly, and ab-
solutely remisH, release, and for ever discharge,
them the said Robert Chilcott, George Dash wood,
and Thomas Goodwin, their heires, executors, and
administrators, and every of them. AND know
ye farther that I the said Richard Duke, in con-
formity and obedience to the expresse will, order,
and appointment of my said late father, declared
in and by his said last will and testament, HAVE
remised, released, and for ever quitt claymed,
and by these presents doe remise, release, and for
ever quitt claym, unto the said Robert Chilcott,
George Dashwood, and Thomas Goodwill, and
every of them, their, and every of their heires,
executors, and administrators, all or any chills
part, or customary part or share, which I the said
Richard Duke can or may clayme, or demande,
out of any part or share of the estate whatsoever
of my said late father, by force or virtue of the
custom of the city of London, or otherwise how-
soever (except only such perticular legacyes as
should be, and are, given or shall fall to mee, by
and according to the true intent, and meanein<r, of
the same last will and testament of my said late
father).
" IN WITNES whereof I the said Richard Duke
have hereunto set my hand and scale. Dated the
sixth day of September, Anno Dni 1679, and in
the one and thirtieth yeare of the reigne of our
sovereigne Lord Charles the Second, by the grace
of God of England, Scotland, * ranee, and Ire-
land, King, Defender of the Faith, &c.
"RICHARD DUKE,
" Sealed and delivered in the presence of John
Sherley, Wm. Antrobus, Scr.-, and Sam. Bradley."
The truth of the copy is attested by Wm. An-
trobus and John Dann.
I should like to add one or two remarks, as well
as some further particulars, which may be gleaned
from some of the other documents ; but this one
will occupy so much space that it would be un-
reasonable to ask for more at present. Allow
me, however, to add a Query. Johnson states
that the poet is said to have been tutor to the
Duke of Richmond; and this seems not impro-
bable. The duke must have been about seven
years old when the poet came of age and gave
this discharge. I shall be much obliged to any
one who will tell me, either through " N. & Q."
or directly, where I may find the particulars of
the young Duke of Richmond's conversion to
Popery, and re-conversion to Protestantism.
S. R. MAITLAND.
Gloucester.
FORGED ROMAN " WAXEN TABLETS."
In the Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiqui-
ties, edited by William Smith, LL.D. second edit.,
1848, I may be permitted to notice an error
which ought not to exist in a work of any au-
thority, tinder the head of " Tabula?," the writer
of that article has referred to certain " ancient
waxen tablets," said to have been discovered in
one of the gold mines near the village of Abrud-
bianya, in Hungary, and which were described by
M. Massmann of Munich in his Libellus Aurarins t
sive Tabulce cerata, et Autiquissimce et unicce Ro-
mance, Leipsic, 1840, 4to. The date assigned to
these tablets is A. D. 167, and, supposing them to be
genuine, they would afford us the earliest, existing
sperimens of cursive minuscule Roman writing;
but the fact is, that they have been long proved
to be fictitious by the continental scholars and
palaeographers; and a statement to that effect was
published by Silvestre in the Paleographie Uni-
verselle, published in 1839-1841, and, more re-
cently, repeated in the English translation of that
work, 1850, vol. i. p. 255. I may add, from my
own testimony, that these very tablets, or similar
ones, were offered to me for purchase several
years ago, but were rejected at once as palpable
forgeries. F. MADDEN.
British Museum.
ILLUSTRATIONS OF MACAULAT.
[The general satisfaction with which this series of
Papers has been received, has determined us to con-
tinue it in the present volume : and We shall be greatly
obliged by the communication of Inedited Letters,
Ballads, or other Documents, which may serve to
throw light upon the eventful period treated of by Mr.
Macaulay. ]
Jack Ketch (2 nd S. i. 72.)
" The Apologie of John Ketch, Esq., the Executioner of
London, in vindication of himself as to the Execution of
the late Lord Russel, on July 21, 1683.
"It is an old saying and a true one, that one story's
good till another's heard, but it is one of the most difficult
things imaginable to dispossess the world of any censure
or prejudice, that is once fixt or hath taken root in the
harts of the People. However, since it is not fit that so
publick a Person as the Executioner of Justice and the
Law's Sentence upon Criminals and Malefactors should
lye under the scandal of untrue Reports, and be unjustly
6
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2 nd S. NO 27., JULY 5. '56.
expos'd to popular Clamour, I thought it a matter of
highest importance to me to> clear and vindicate myself as
to the manner of my Lord Russel's Execution, and the
hard usage he is said to have had in the Severing of his
Head from his Body.
" As to the several reports that have been rais'd, as it
hath been always a common Custom in the Worlcf, not
only to magnifie" and misrepresent the truth, but to forgo
things that never were, the falsity of them will appear to
judicious Persons as well by the improbability of them
as by testimony of those that know the Contrary ; As
namely that I had been drinking all the foregoing Night
and was in Drink when I came upon the Scaffold, when
as all my Neighbours can testifie that I went orderlie to
Bed that Night and wholly undisguis'd in Drink. That
I had 20 Guinnies the Night before. That after the First
blow mv Lord should say, You Dog did I give you 10
Guinnies to use me so inhumanly? 'Tis true I receav'd
10 Guenies but not till after having dispos'd of his Coat,
Hat, and Periwig ; I took the boldness to give him a
small remembrance of the Civilities customary on the like
occasion, as to the report of my striking my Lord into the
Shoulder, how false it is I appeal to those that were the
nearest Spectatours of the Execution ; and for my being
committed Prisoner to Newgate, it is so Easie a matter
to disprove the truth thereof, that I need not trouble my-
self any farther about it.
"But my grand business is to acquit myself and come
off as fairly as I can, as to those grievous Obloquies and
Invectives that have been thrown upon me for not Sever-
ing my Lords Head from his Body at one blow, and in-
deed had I given my Lord more Blows then one out of
design to put him to more then ordinary Pain, as I have
been Taxt, I might justly be exclaim'd on as Guilty of
grater Inhumanity then can be imputed even to one of
my Profession, or had it been occasioned by a Bungling
and Supine Negligence, I had been much to blame. But
there are circumstances enow to clear me in this par-
ticular, and to make it plainly appear that my Lord him-
self was the real obstruct that he had not a quicker dis-
patch out of this World ; since if I may speak it of a
Person of his Quality? He died with more Galantry
then Discresion, and did not dispose him for receiving of
the fatal Stroke in such a posture as was most suitable,
for whereas he should have put his hands before his
Breast, or else behind him, he spread them out before
him, nor would he be persuaded to give any Signal or
pull his Cap over his eyes, which might possibly be the
Occasion that discovering the Blow, he somewhat heav'd
his Body. Moreover after having receiv'd the Guinnies,
and according to my duty ask't his Lordships Pardon, I
receav'd some Interruption just as I was taking Aim, and
going to give the Blow. Thus have I trnely and faith-
fully expos'd to the Publick all that can be said in this
matter, and hope, whatever prejudice the undiscerning
Multitude may retain, to have given sufficient satisfaction
to all rational judicious Persons."
No. 2627. of the Collection of Proclamations,
Sfc., presented to the Chetham Library, Man-
chester, by James O. Halliwell, Esq., F.R.S.
BlBLIOTHECAR. CHETHAM.
Prince of Orange (2 nd S. i. 370.)
" Even that court seems to have had some sense of
shame; for the sentence of confiscation and banishment
against the Ruart did not state the crime for which it
was passed."
The sentence is fully set out in a pamphlet en-
titled :
' Sententia van den generalen hove van Nederland
tegens Mr. C. de Wit en Mr. Jan de Witt, 's Gravenhaa<r.
1672,"
which is in the British Museum, VVW 2 ^ ex ~
plicitly states that the Ruart suborned Tichelaer
to assassinate the Prince of Orange. P. H.
MARRIOT THE GREAT EATER.
In that amusing and really instructive work,
John Duntons Life and Errors, may be found the
following paragraph :
" The air of New England was sharper than at London,
which, with the temptation of fresh provisions, made me
eat like a second Mariot of Gray's Inn."
Upon which Dunton's editor, Mr. J. B. Nichols,
has this note :
" Of this celebrated eater no other record, it is probable,
now remains."
Not so. In Smith's Obituary, edited for the
Camden Society by Sir Plenry Ellis, I find the
following entry :
25 Nov. 1653, Old Marriot of Gray's Inn (y e great
eater) buried."
Sir Henry Ellis is silent about this Gray's Inn
worthy.
Not so Charles Cotton, Walton's associate in
The Complete Angler, who, in his Poems on Seve-
ral Occasions, 1689, has two copies of verses on
the Gray's Inn cormorant ; one (p. 349.) called
" On the Great Eater of Gray's Inn," the other
(p. 417.) " On Marriot." From the former we
learn that he was spare and thin :
" Approaching famine in thy physnomy."
The other has this line :
" Mariot the eater of Gray's Inn is dead."
The readers of John Dunton and Charles Cotton
will probably make a note of this communication.
PETER CUNNINGHAM.
Kensington.
THE LASS OF RICHMOND HILL.
In the Memoirs of Mrs. Fitzherbert, by the
Hon. Charles Langdale, lately published, there is
the following quotation from the above song :
" I'd crowns resign
To call thee mine,
Sweet lass of Richmond Hill ! "
And it is stated, upon the authority of the late
Lord Stourton, that the song was written to cele-
brate the charms of the above lady. With all due
deference to his lordship's opinion, I consider this
to be a mistake, and I beg to enumerate two or
three other individual ladies, for whom it has been
asserted it was compiled. A Miss Smith, who
resided on the Hill near the Terrace, at the period
2nd s. NO 27., JULY 5. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
when the song first appeared, had the general re-
putation of being the person for whom it was de-
signed. The Rev. Thomas Maurice published
Richmond Hill, a poem, in which, under the name
of Mira, he introduces a Miss Cropp as the Lass
of Richmond Hill, who committed suicide for her
lover on the 22nd April, 1782 ; but this has been
regarded merely as poetic fiction with regard to
the song. Another account we have, in Personal
Sketches of his own Times, by Sir Jonah Barring-
ton, vol. ii. pp. 47 52. ; in this it is stated Mr.
Leonard MacNally wrote the song on a Miss
Janson, daughter of Mr. Janson, a rich attorney
of Bedford Row, Bloomsbury, who had a country-
house on Richmond Hill. There were great ob-
stacles to his marrying her, but perhaps from
making the lady the theme of his poetry, and
being also the author of Robin Hood, a comic
opera of great merit, he ultimately obtained her
hand. But. notwithstanding all these authorities,
I am inclined to think the song was not intended
for any particular person, but written by Mr.
Wm. Upton, author of Poems on several Oc-
casions, 8vo., 1788, and A Collection of Songs
sung at Vauxhall, and who was the poet of Vaux-
hall Gardens 17881789. I believe it first ap-
peared in the Public Advertiser of Monday, Aug. 3,
1789, where it is stated to be a favourite song
sung by Mr. Incledon at Vauxhall, and composed
by^ Mr. Jas. Hook (the father of Theodore). It is
said Incledon sang the song in such a fascinating
manner, that it led to a superior and permanent
engagement at Covent Garden Theatre, as, after
the season of 1789, he never again appeared at
Vauxhall. *.
Richmond.
" GRENVILLE PAPERS : GEORGE III. S LETTER TO
LORD TEMPLE, CORRECTION OF.
In the Grenville Memoirs of the Cabinets of
George III. is a remarkable letter from the king
to Lord Temple, written on the occasion of his
"surrender" to the coalition ministry of Fox and
Lord North ; which, like everything else of his
private correspondence published, is highly cha-
racteristic of the firm unaffected character of the
man, and of that remarkable power of letter-
writing in a pure English unpretending style,
which completely refutes the aspersions thrown by
adverse or disappointed politicians upon his un-
derstanding and education.
In this letter there is, however, one trace of
that haste in writing, which the king notoriously
had in speaking, and which sometimes made it
difficult for those he addressed to follow or under-
stand him. The editor of the Grenville Papers
undertakes to correct the obscurity, but has done
so, as I think, clumsily, and without effect.
The sentence, as printed verbatim from the
original, is this :
" The seven cabinet councillors named by the Coalition
shall kiss hands tomorrow ; and then ftn*m their arrange
ments ; as the former negotiation they did not condescend to
open to many of their intentions."
The obscurity is in the clause printed in Italics,
and the editor, in a foot-note, corrects it thus :
" As (in) the former negociation they did not conde-
scend to open to(o) many of their intentions."
It appears to me that this emendation is partly
incorrect ; I would re-write the sentence thus :
" As (in) the former negociation, they did not conde-
scend to open to m(e) any of their intentions."
This would reduce the king's mistake to the
omission of an in, and the running of me, any,
into many ; while it is at once more intelligible,
and more expressive of that sense of offended
dignity at the treatment he experienced at the
hands of the Coalition, which pervades every line
of the letter.
This indignation has, as seems to me, in another
sentence led the king into a form of expression
which rather oversteps the bounds of correctness ;
he calls his " besiegers "
" The most unprincipled coalition the annals of this or
any other nation can equal."
I may be wrong in my criticism, and should bow
to correction, but this sentence seems somewhat
to conform (as I humbly submit) to that mode of
expressing intensity, in which Sir Boyle Roche, in
the Irish parliament on some occasion of national
calamity, affirmed that,
" Single misfortunes never come alone, and the greatest
of all possible misfortunes is generally followed by a much*
greater."
A. B. R.
Belmont.
Papering Rooms. Herman Schinkel, M.A.,
citizen and printer of Delft, belonging to the
Reformed Religion, was apprehended, A.D. 1568,
on a charge of printing and publishing books ini-
mical to the Catholic faith ; for which he was
sentenced to death, and suffered in July following.
In his examination (as detailed by him in his last
and farewell letter to his wife), being interrogated
as to certain ballads alleged by his accusers to
have been printed at his press, he said they were
printed by his servant in his absence. And
" Want ick quam t'huys, eer dat sy gelevert waren, ende
doe en woude ick niet gedoogen, dat mense leveren sonde,
maarick schichtese in een Noeck, om roosen en stricken
op d'andere zijde te drucken, daer men Solders mede
bekleet," &c.
" When he came home, and found they were not de-
livered, he refused to deliver them, and threw them into
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd S. N 27., JULY 5. '56.
a corner, intending to print roses and stripes on the other
side, to paper attics with," &c.
Is there any earlier mention of papering rooms
than this ? JAMES KNOWJ.ES.
Cock-fighting, its Origin.
Themistocles, marching against the Persians, beheld
two of these determined warriors in the heat of battle,
and thereupon pointed out to his Athenian soldiery their
indomitable courage. The Athenians were victorious;
and Themistooles gave order that an annual cock-fight
should be held in commemoration of the encounter they
had witnessed. No record, however, of the sport occurs
in this country (England) before the year 1191." Free-
masons' Q. M., July 1853, ^
Malta.
Epitaph on a Sell-ringer. The following
epitaph, from the churchyard of Leeds, Kent, is
interesting, as recording, probably, the only in-
stance of the complete changes on eight bells
having been rung :
" In memory of James Barham, of this parish, who
departed this 'life Jan. 14, 1818, aged 93 years. Who,
from the year 1744 to the year 1804, rung in Kent and
elsewhere, 112 peals; not less than 5040 changes in each
peal, and called Robs, &c., for most of the peals. And
Anril the 7th and 8th, 1761, assisted in ringing 40,320
Bob major in 27 hours."
C. W. M.
The New Era : a Prophecy. Adam Czar-
torvski, once the minister and favourite of Alex-
ander T. of Russia, but later one of the leaders of
the Polish Revolution of 1831 (now eighty four
years of nue!), uttered the following enigmatic
words at the List meeting of the Polish Historical
Society of Paris, April, 1856 :
" It seems to me, at times, as if a curtain had fallen on
that concluded scene ( !), of which we were witnesses and
partly actor", and that now a new spectacle ( Widoivisko)
ill begin, tb prologue of which even, has not yet been
played off. Thus, resigned but active, let us await the
rising of the curtain."
Strangelv, the same fine thought was uttered
by Walter Scott in his concluding remarks on the
French Revolution (Life of Napoleon} : "But the
hand of fate was on the curtain, about to bring
the scene to light." J. LOTSKY, Panslave.
15. Gower Street, London.
Old Notice of " Seven Dials" London.
" East of that is a deal of pleasnnt planting (the author
is describing the policies of Sir John Maxwell of Nether
Pollock in Renfrewshire) ; at your first entering there is
a cross avenue ; one of the avenues of the cross leads east
to another cross, from whence six avenues branches off
almost l ; ke the Seven Dials, London, where seven streets
branches off, viz 1. Great Karl, 2. Little Earl Streets;
3. Great St. Andrew's, 4. Little St. Andrew's Streets;
5. Great White Lion, fi. Little White Lion Streets; 7. and
last, Queen Street. The long cross stone which stood in
the middle centre was seven (feet) square at the top, and
a dial on each square ; which stone I saw standing in the
year 1770, but was down in the year 1777." A History
of the Shire of Renfrew, part ii. p. 190., by George Craw-
furd and William Semple. Paisley, 1782.
G.N.
Flambeaux. The extinguishers for the links
carried by the attendants on the chairs of the
wealthy diners-out still remain in Grosvenor
Square, Probably they were last used for the
Dowager-Marchioness of Salisbury, who was
buried at Hatfleld in 1835. She
" Always went to court in a sedan chair, and at night
her carriage was known by the flambeaux of the foot-
men," Raikes'g Diary* ii. 276.
MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A,
SHAKSPEAHE AND BARNFIELD.
Being at present busily engaged in the prepa-
ration and printing of my new edition of Shak-
speare' s Plays and Poems, with a revisal of the
text and notes of my former impression of 1843
nnd 1S44, I am very desirous of obtaining all the
information I can procure regarding Richard
Barnfield, who has had the honour, as it now ap-
penrs, not of having poerns by him imputed to
Shakspeare, but of having poems by Shakspeare
imputed to him. The general belief, for about
the last century, has been, that certain produc-
tions in verse, really by Barnfield, and published
by him in 1598, had been falsely attributed to our
great dramatist ; but not long since I wrote a
letter to The Athenceum, the effect of which, I
apprehend, would be to deprive Barnfield of the
pieces in question (inserted in The Passionate
Pilgrim, 1599), and to restore them to their
actual author, Shakspeare.
The matter now seems to lie in a nutshell :
They were printed as Barnfield's in 1598 ; they
were printed as Shakspeare' s in 1599 ; and when
Barnfield reprinted his productions in 1605, he
excluded those which had been printed in 1599 as
Shakspeare's. The inference seems to me in-
evitable, that they were by Shakspeare and not
by Barnfield. I formerly thought that Barnfield
had, in a manner, reclaimed his property in 1605 ;
but the very reverse is the fact. : and those poems
in The Passionate Pilgrim, whi< h are there as-
signed to Shakspeare, but which were formerly
supposed to be Harnfield's, may now, without
much hesitation, be taken from Barnfield and
given to Shakspeare. Hence we may perhaps
conclude that W. Jaggnrd, the publisher of The
Passionate Pilgrim, was not quite as much of a
rogue as was formerly imagined.
It then becomes a question how Shakspeare's
poems, in The Passionate Pilgrim of 1599, came
to be published as Barnfield's in 1598. Barn-
S. N 27., JULY 5. '56. ]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
field's Encomion of Lady Pecimia was " printed
by G. S. for John Jaggard" in that year. Al-
though a thin tract, it is divided into four parts,
and every part has a separate title-page and im-
print, but, the first only bears the name of the
author, "Richard Barnfeild, graduate in Oxford:"
neither does the first title-page mention any of
the three other distinct portions of the volume.
It is to be observed also (a circumstance that
escaped my notice when I wrote to The Athen&uni),
that after " The Encomion of Lady Pecunia,"
forming the first portion of the volume, and which
alone has the name of Barnfield upon the title-
page, a new set of signatures at the bottom of the
page begins. "The Encomion of Lady Pecunia"
begins on A 2 (A 1 having formed the fly-leaf),
and ends on C 4. Then we arrive at a new title-
page, " The Complaint of Poetrie, for the Death
of Liberalise," which begins on sig. A 1, and ends
on sig. C 2. The title-page of the third division
of the work, " The Combat betweene Conscience
and Covetousnesse in the Minde of Man" is upon
sig. C 3, and it goes on as far as sig. D 4. The
fourth division of the work, " Poems in Divers
Humors," has its separate title-page on sig. E 1 ;
and on sig. E 4 the whole ends. The imprint
upon the four title-pages is precisely in the same
words and figures, viz., " London, printed by G.
S. for lohn laggard ; and are to be solde at his
shoppe neere Temple-barre, at the Signe of the
Hand and starre, 1598." The poems, formerly
in dispute between Shakspeare and Barnfield, are
in the fourth division of the volume, " Poems in
divers humors."
My mistaken notion, twelve years ago, was, that
Barnfield, in 1605, had republished the whole of
what had first appeared in 1598. This is not so.
In 1605 he prefixed a general title-page, men-
tioning only three of the four divisions of his
original work, viz. 1. "Lady Pecunia, or The
Praise of Money." 2. " A Combat betwixt Con-
science and Covetousnesse;" and 3. " The Com-
plaint of Poetry, or the Death of Liberality." He
says not one word about what had been his fourth
division in 1508, "Poems in divers humors;" but
still, on the very last leaf of the impression of
1605, Barnfield places "A Remembrance of some
English Poets," which had appeared as one of the
"Poems in divers humors," in 1598. All the rest
he seems purposely to have excluded, as if they
were not his.
As I have the necessary books upon my table,
I will subjoin an enumeration of the contents of
" Pi ems in divers humors," including, of course,
those which I now buppose Shakspeare to have
written, and which are mixed up with other
pieces, some of them of a personal nature.
1. Six lines, at the back of the title, "To the
learned and accomplisht Gentleman, Maister Ni-
cholas Blackleech of Grayes Inne," without any
signature.
2. " Sonnet to his friend Maister R. L. in
praise of Musique and Poetrie :' this is No. VIII.
in The Passionate Pilgrim (see my edit., vol. viii.
p. 566.)-
3. " Sonnet against the Dispraysers of Poetrie :"
it mentions Chaucer, Gower, Lord Surrey, Sir P.
Sidney, Gascoigne, and the King of Scots.
4. " A Remembrance of some English Poets,"
in eighteen lines: it speaks of Spenser, Daniel,
Drayton, and Shakspeare.
5. " An Ode," beginning " An it fell upon a
day:" it is inserted in The Passionate Pilgrim,
No. XXI. (see my edit., vol. viii. p. 577.). The
poem beginning " Whilst as fickle fortune smilde,"
which I treated as a separate production, is here
united with that which precedes it.
6. Some lines thus headed " Written at the
request of a Gentleman under a Gentlewoman's
Picture :" it consists of six fourteen-syllable lines.
7. "An Epitaph upon the Death of Sir Philip
Sidney, Knight, Lord-governour of Vlissing :" it
is in ten long lines in couplets.
8. " An Epitaph upon the Death of his Aunt,
Mistresse Elizabeth Skrymsher :" it is in twenty-
four long lines, in couplets.
"A Comparison of the Life of Man :" it is a
seven-line stanza, followed by the word " Finis."
This, as well as " A Remembrance of some En-
glish Poets," is reprinted in Barnfield's edition of
1605.
The two impressions of "Lady Pecunia," in
1598 and in 1605, I have before me. 1 have also
copies of Barnfield's Affectionate Shepheard, 1594
(Ritson, by mistake, dates it 1516); and of his
Cynthia, with certaine Sonnets, 1595. In the ad-
dress " to the courteous gentleman Readers," be"
fore the last, Barnfield repudiates "two books,"
which had been untruly imputed to him : he pro-
bably means Greene's Funerals, 1594, and Or*
pheus his Journey to Hell, 1595, both of which
were put forth with his initials. Therefore, in
1598, it would have been no novelty to him to
have other men's productions printed as his, since
the practice had begun i'n 1594, and he had com-
plained of it in 1595.
In reference to " As it fell upon a day," it may
be noticed, that though published as Barnfield's
in 1598, and as Sbakspeare's in 1599, the real
authorship of it was so little ascertained in 1600,
that it was printed in that year in England's
Helicon, under the signature of Ignoto. If any of
your readers can throw light upon this subject,
or add to the list of Barnfield's performances,
whether in print or in manuscript, they will con-
fer a favour upon J. PAYNE COLLIER.
Maidenhead.
10
NOTES AND QUERIES.
NO 27., JULY 5. '56.
Monson Township in Massachusetts. Among
the intelligent contributors on the other side of
the Atlantic to "N. & Q," some one may be able
to explain whence originated the name of Monson
Township in Massachusetts. Some members of
a younger (Catholic) branch of the Monson family
are befieved to have emigrated to the United
States about 160 years ago, and the name is said
to be not uncommon there. Are any particulars
known of their early colonial lineage, or could
they be obtained from provincial histories or any
documents like parochial registers ? MONSON.
Gatton Park.
Germination of Seeds long buried. It has been
stated that botanists have discovered new varieties,
and even new plants, in railway cuttings, from
seeds which had long been buried having ger-
minated on exposure to the air and light. Where
can an account of such plants be seen ? And
what plants have been noticed ? E. M.
Oxford.
Allow. What is the meaning of this word in
the Baptismal Service *' and nothing doubting
but that He favourably alloweth this charitable
work of ours," &c.
The Church does not teach that infant baptism
is merely a thing allowed or permitted, but that
it is commanded. In Romans vii. 15. ou yivd!>ffK(a
is rendered by the authorized version, " I allow
not," and by Moses Stuart, " I disapprove." Again
in Luke xi. 48., awtvdticeiTe is rendered, "ye allow."
Many instances might be brought to show that
allow formerly had the meaning approve, or ap-
plaud. Two occur closely together in Latimer's
Sermons (ed. Parker Society), p. 176. : " Ezekias
did not follow the steps of his father Ahaz, and
was well allowed in it." And again, p. 177.
" Much less we Englishmen, if there be any such
in England, may be ashamed. I wonder with
what conscience folk can hear such things and
allow it." Of course in this sense the word is de-
rived from ad, and laudare. E. Gr. R.
Butler Possessions in Wiltshire, Bedfordshire,
and Essex. In 13 Hen. IV. Sir William Butler,
on his son's marriage with his wife Isabella,
settled a moiety of East and West Grafton and
Woolton, in Wiltshire ; a moiety of the manor of
Stoppesley (near Luton), called Halynges, in
Bedfordshire ; a moiety of the manor of Chalk-
well in Essex ; and a messuage called Houghton's,
and one hundred acres of land, and twenty acres
of pasture, with the appurtenances, in Berdfield
in the same county. These possessions occur in
family deeds of the Butlers in 9th, 19th, and 31st
Hen. VI., 20 Edw. IV., and 14 Hen. VII. All of
them, except perhaps Stoppesley, appear to have
been originally a portion of the possessions of the
great family of Clare ; and the Butlers, who held
them as mesne lords, probably acquired them by
the marriage of some co-heiress. Any of your
readers acquainted with county history will confer
a favour by stating how and when the Butlers
acquired the above properties. B.
Corsican Brothers : Nicholas and Andrew Tre-
maine. In the Church of Lamerton, near Tavi-
stock, are the effigies of Nicholas and Andrew
Tremaine, twin brothers, born in that parish, of
whom it is related that not only were they so
alike in person that their familiar acquaintances
could not always distinguish them apart, but that
an extraordinary sympathy existed between them,
for even when at a distance from each other they
performed the same functions, had the same appe-
tites and desires, and suffered the same pains and
anxieties at the same time. They were killed to-
gether at Newhaven in 1663.*
Can any of your correspondents authenticate
these, or furnish any further particulars relating
to these individuals ? Under what circumstances
did they die ? R. W. HACKWOOD.
Reginald Bligh, of Queen's College, Cambridge
(B.A. 1779), was an unsuccessful candidate for a
Fellowship in that College, and published a
pamphlet on the subject. Information is re-
quested as to his subsequent career.
C. H. & THOMPSON COOPER.
Cambridge.
Rev. Charles Hotham, originally of Christ's
College, Cambridge, and afterwards Fellow of
Peterhouse, published various works between
1648 and 1655. We shall be glad of further par-
ticulars respecting him, especially the date of his
death, and the place of his sepulture.
C. H. & THOMPSON COOPER.
Cambridge.
Thomas Hood, M.D., sometime Fellow of Tri-
nity College in Cambridge, and afterwards teacher
of the mathematics in London, published various
works in and previously to 1598. Is the date of
his death known ? C. H. & THOMPSON COOPER.
Cambridge.
Lawn Billiards. In my young days, when this
game was introduced, it was called Troco. To
what country does this name belong ? Not to
Morocco, where the game is played, with some
deviation in the form of the stick or cue.
F. C. B.
Diss.
]** These twins are noticed in our I 1 * S. xi. 84., but the
date of their deaths is there given as in 1562. To avoid
recapitulations, we would recommend our correspondents
to consult the General Index to our First Series previously
to forwarding their communications.]
2"* s. N 27., JULY 5. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
11
Quotation. Where are the following lines to
be found ?
" Sleep, thou hast oft been called the friend of woe,
But 'tis the happy who have called thee so."
ERICA.
The Gipsies. Can you, or any of your readers,
furnish me with any authorities on gipsy manners
and customs besides Grellman, through Raper's
translation, Marsden (for the language), and
Hoyland ? I am pretty well off for historical
accounts of these people, but what I desire is in-
formation concerning their rites and ceremonies.
WM. A. BURRETT.
Tale wanted. Can any of your correspondents
tell me in what tale a character is introduced who
had been branded for some crime ? He moves in
respectable society, and is noted only for a like-
ness to the criminal. When suspicions are at
length aroused, he affects to consider it beneath
him to do anything to remove them. The scene
is, I think, laid in Germany. a. j8.
Lord Charles Paulett. Sir John Huband,
Bart., of losley, married Jane, dau. of Lord
Charles PauTett, of Dowlas, Hants, and died in
1710. Can you tell me, 1. Who was the father
of this Lord Charles Paulett ? 2. Who was the
wife by whom he had this daughter Jane ?
Sir John Huband was the first baronet of that
family, and the record of his marriage may be
found in Burke's Landed Gentry, under the head
of " Huband of Ipsley." G. W.
New York.
Edinburgh Plays. Is anything known re-
garding the authors of the following plays, per-
formed at Edinburgh ? 1. Lawyers and their
Clients, or Love's Suitors, a comic sketch in three
acts. This comedy (which was said to be the first
dramatic attempt of a gentleman of Edinburgh)
was performed several times in the early part of
1815. 2. The Stepmother, or Fraternal Love, a
new tragedy, written by a gentleman of Edin-
burgh ; acted at Edinburgh in January, 1815.
3. The Wild Indian Girl, a comedy, acted at
Edinburgh, 1815. The part of Zelie in this co-
medy was performed by Mrs. H. Siddons.
4. Scotch Marriage Laws, or the Deacon and Her
Deputy, a new farce, for the benefit of Mr. Jones,
announced for performance on April 26, 1823 :
said to be written by an inhabitant of Edinburgh.
5. Love s Machinations, a new melodrama, by a
gentleman of Edinburgh, acted at the Caledonian
Theatre, Feb. 14, 1825. 6. The Phrenologist, a
comic drama, written by a literary character of
Edinburgh, acted in 1825. 7. The Mason's
Daughter, a masonic interlude, by a Brother of the
Craft, announced for performance at the Cale-
donian Theatre, May, 1825. 8. The Recluse, or
Elshie of the Moor, a melodrama in two acts, by
a gentleman of Edinburgh, to be performed for
the benefit of Mr. Denham, 1825. 9. The Or-
phan Boy, or the Bridge of the Alps, announced
for performance in December, 1825 : said to be
written by a gentleman of Edinburgh. R. J.
" Present for an Apprentice" Is there any
evidence as to the author of A Present for an
Apprentice, or a sure Guide to gain both Esteem
and an Estate, by a late Lord Mayor of London.
The copy before me is called the Second Edi-
tion, with a great variety of improvements. Taken
from a " correct copy found among the author's
papers since the publication of the first." London,
1740, 8vo. J. M. (2.)
" The Peers, a Satire" I have a poem of no
great value entitled The Peers, a Satire, by Hum-
phrey Hedghog, Junior, London, no date, but I
think from the matter about 1816. The names
are never fully printed, and the notes are rather
copious than explanatory. Perhaps some of your
readers may assist me to the meaning of the blanks
in the following passage, and say whence is taken
the strange Latin of which it is an imitation :
" Elate to soar ahove a silent vote
Upsprings the D e to speak what H wrote,
But horrors unexpected check his speed,
He fumbles at his hat, but cannot read.
On E 's brows hang violence and fear,
In G y's cold eye he reads a polished sneer;
His garden nymphs in silence mourn his state,
And caperous [sic] L dares not strive with fate.
A panic terror o'er his senses comes,
Loosens his knees and sets his twitching thumbs,
He sinks into his place, then quits the peers,
And swells the gutter with spontaneous tears."
A note refers to the following quotation, but
does not say whence it is taken :
" Non Boream immemorem reliquit Nympha?,
Sed ipsi nullus auxiliatus est. Amor autem non
coercuit fata.
Undique autem adcumulati male obvio fluctus im-
petu
Impulsus ferebatur, pedum autem ei defecit vigor,
Et vis fuit immobilis inquietarum manuum,
Multa autem spontanea effusio aquas fluebat in
guttur."
I shall be obliged by reference to the original
of this strange Latin, which cannot be verse,
though printed like it. R. H. SEED.
Irish Church, anno 1695. A gentleman high
in office in Ireland, writing from Dublin in April
of the above year, to Burnet, Bishop of Salisbury,
makes use of the following language, which the
context no way throws light on :
" Since of my knowlege a resident clergy is not to be
brought about in this place, for y e next 3 yeares to com 6 ,
I thought I might according to y e custom of y e country
take (but w th y r leave) a temporary curatt for my one
Son, till yee had persuaded those for y r many Sons, to
12
NOTES AND QUERIES.
d S. NO 27., JULY 5. '56.
become perpetuall, w ch I feare is not to be hoped for in y r
days nor mine; yet since y'Lpps. are so afraid of an ill
precedent, I would there were more of y r mind, for tho*
1 might not as now find my Convenience in such severity,
yet my safety I should bothe in Church and State."
Can any reader of " N. & Q." say whether at
the time in question there was any restriction on
incumbents in Ireland employing temporary cu-
rates ? One would think from the foregoing, that
all curates engaged were to be retain* d for a
term, or for the duration of the incumbency.
Where can a list of Irish incumbents, anno 1695,
be seen ? If this should meet the eye of MB.
D'ALTON, he no doubt could and would assist me.
L. M.
P.S. I should also be glad to be informed
where I could meet with the best account of the
career of the Lords Justices of Ireland 1693 to
1695?
English Translation of Aristotle s " Organon"
Will some of your correspondents refer me to a
good English translation of the prior posterior
Analytics of the Stagirite ? The more speedy the
reply, the more welcome.
C. MANSFIELD INGLEBT.
Releat. What is the derivation of this word,
which I heard at Walton-on-the-Naze used thus :
" When you come to the three releats" &c., a
spot where three roads meet ? F. C. B.
Temple the Regicide. By the act of the Com-
mons of England for the trying and judging of
Charles Stuart, King of England, as set out in
the State Trials, I find, named amongst the com-
missioners, three of the name of Temple, viz. Sir
Peter Temple. Knight Baronet, James Temple
and Peter Temple, Esquires. Sir Peter Temple
was no doubt the second baronet of that name,
the eldest son of Sir Thomas Temple, created in
16M, the progenitor of the Buckingham family.
Sir Peter seems to have shrunk from sitting under
this commission, for I do not find his name
amongst those who attended at the various meet-
ings which took place during the trial ; but the
other two, James and Peter Temple, seem to have
been men of different pith, and not to have been
ashamed or afraid of acting under a commission
which declared its bold purpose, " To the end no
chief officer or magistrate whatsoever may here-
after presume traiterouly or maliciously to-
imagine or contrive the enslaving or destroying of
the English Nation, and to expect impunity for so
doing;" for I find their two names recorded at
nearly every meeting of the commissioners, and
also signed to the death warrant. Can I be in-
formed through your columns of what branch of
the Temple family these bold patriots were ?
Were they related to Sir Peter the timid, and
bow ? What became of them at the Restoration ?
and whether any of their descendants can still be
traced? and where I should be likely to obtain
information ? Sir Thomas, the first baronet, is
said to have had thirteen children, but he would
scarcely have two sons named Peter ?
R. G. TEMPLE.
The Lache, Chester.
tihinrferf toft!) flnrftotrrf.
Montis u Death of Basseville." In Forsytes
Remark* on Antiquities, Arts, and Letters, during
an Excursion in Italy, it is said, with relation to
Vincenzo Monti, author of several tragedies, that
" his Death of Basseville made him a public man."
Can you afford any information respecting the
subject of the latter work, or otherwise illustra-
tive of the passage quoted from Forsyth. T. H.
[Hugo Basseville, the hero of Monti's most celebrated
performance, was born at Abbeville about 1755. In com-
pliance with the paternal wish he entered on the study
of theology, but from the natural bent of his own mind
devoted himself to literary pursuits, and repaired to
Paris in quest of fame and fortune. Visiting Berlin he
became acquainted with the elder Mirabewi, which gave
rise to an intimate friendship with that celebrated indi-
vidual. From Berlin he proceeded to Holland, where he
wrote several works, tainted with that impious licence
of profane wit exercised by Voltaire with such a deso-
lating and fatal effect. At the commencement of the
Revolution Basseville adhered with commendable fidelity
to the royal cause, and conducted a daily journal, the
Mercure National, which had for its motto, " II faut un
Roi aux Francais." At this time none of his friends sus-
pected any inclination in him towards that excess of
democratic fanaticism to which, whether impelled by
poverty, or by a guilty ambition, he presently abandoned
himself. In 1792 he was nominated Secretary of Lega-
tion at the Court of Naples. In the following year a few
of his countrymen, more reckless than himself, were too
successful in urging him to the rash experiment of which
his life was the forfeit. This event occurred on Jan. 14,
1793, when it appears that, with a view of obtaining a
demonstration of the public feeling, Basseville appeared
in the streets of Rome wearing the badge of revolutionary
principles, the tricolored cockade. This dangerous step
excited the populace to a pitch of phrenzy, and the envoy
was stabbed in the stomach by a person of the lowest
class. How bitterly he repented his folly may be inferred
from the words that escaped his lips almost with his
latest breath, "Je meurs la victime d'un fou." The
poem, The Death of Basseville, is the production of Monti
on which his fame chiefly rests in his own country, where
it is familiarly styled the Bassevilliad, and often cited as
the masterpiece of the author, and of later Italian poetry.
The poem had an astonishing success; eighteen editions
of it appeared in the course of six months. An English
translation was published anonymously in 1845, but at-
tributed to Adam Lodge, Esq.,* M.A., which contains a
biographical sketch of Hugo Basseville, and some charac-
teristic notices* of the poetical genius of Monti.]
Palavacini. : There are some well-known lines
about Baron Palavacini, but they have escaped
my memory, and as I do not know where to find
them, I shall feel obliged if any of your readers
2" S. N 27., JULY 5. 56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
13
will tell me in what book I can see a copy of
them.
I shall be glad also of any particulars about
Baron Palavacini and his descendants. No me-
morial of them remains at Babraham, near Cam-
bridge, where he once lived, nor is there any
monument to the family in the church.
HENRY KENSINGTON.
[Sir Horatio Palavacini, a Genoese, was one of the col-
lectors of the Pope's dues in the reign of Queen Mary,
which, having sacrilegiously pocketed in the time of Queen
Elizabeth, enabled him to purchase two estates, one at
Babraham (formerly spelt Baberham), and the other at
Shelford, which came to his two sons, who were knighted
by Klizaheth and James I. (Morant's Essex, i. 8. 26.)
Sir Horatio was naturalised by patent in 1586, and is
mentioned in the first edition of Walpole's Anecdotes of
Painting, vol. i. p. 160., as an "arras-painter;" in the
second edition of that work is the following epitaph,
quoted from a MS. of Sir John Crew of Uthington:
" Here lies Horatio Palavazene,
Who robb'd the Pope to lend the Queene.
He was a thief. A thief ! Thou lyest ;
For whie? he robb'd but Antichrist.
Him Death wyth besome swept from Babram,
Into the bosom of oulde Abraham.
But then came Hercules with his club,
And struck him down to Beelzebub."
Sir Horatio died July 6, 1600, and on July 7, 1601, his
widow married Sir Oliver Cromwell, the Protector's uncle.
(See Noble's Memoirs of the Cromwells, vol. ii. p 178., and
Burke's Landed Gentry, art. CROMWELL.) Palavacini was
one of the commanders against the Spanish Armada in
1588, and his portrait is preserved amongst those heroes
in the borders of the tapestry in the House of Lords, en-
graved by Pine. He was also employed by Queen Eliza-
beth in his negotiations with the German princes. Consult
Lysons's Cambridgeshire, vol. ii. p. 82., and Gough's Cam-
den, vol. ii. p. 139.']
II Tantnm Ergo" During the present month
(June, 185ft) at a dedication of a Roman Catholic
chapel in Rathmines, near Dublin, the following
psalms were chaunted by the choir; " Miserere"
(51st, 56th, or 57th), " Fundamentaejus " (87th),
" Levavi oculos " (120th), " Lsefatus sum"
(122nd), and " Tantum ergo." Is " Tantum ergo,"
a psalm, and if not, where shall I find these words
in the Latin version of the sacred Scriptures ?
EIN FRAG KB.
[We take this to be the hymn sung at the celebration
of the Sacrament :
" Tantum ergo Sacramentum
Veneremur cernui," &c.
See The Ordinary of the Holy Mass.~\
tfarp in the Arms of Ireland (2 nd S. i. 480.)
Will your correspondent say where the observa-
tions of the Rev. Richard Butler of Trim are to
be found ? (See Answer to this Query, 1 st S. xii.
G.
[The Rev. R. Butler's observations will be found in the
Numismatic Journal, vol. ii. p. 70. See also Dr. Aquilla
Smith's paper, "On the Irish Coins of Edward the
fourth, ' in the Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy,
vol. xix,, Dublin, 1843.]
THE ARMS OF GLASGOW.
(2 nd S. i. 468.)
The salmon holding a gold ring in its month,
which forms a conspicuous figure in the armorial
bearings of the Church of Glasgow, is a comme-
moration of an incident related in Jocelin's Life
of St. Kentigern, cap. xxxvi. p. 273^ ap. Vitas
antiqua* SS. Scoto- Britannice, Lond. 1789, pub-
lished by Pinkerton. This saint is commonly
called St. Mungo.
The recovery of a lost ring, or other small ob-
ject, in this manner is attested by many ancient,
and even modern stories by history, by legends,
by observation, and perhaps I might add without
any irreverence, by the account of the miracu-
lously found tribute money recorded bv St. Mat-
thew and by St. Mark. The classical reader will
at once remember what Herodotus has related of
the ring of Polycrates. The ancient Indian drama
of Sacontala has a similar incident.
In the Life of St. Kenny, Abbot of Aghaboe,
who lived in the same age with St. Kentigern,
there is a similar narrative. St. Kenny is related
to have fettered the feet of one of his disciples
(" alligavit pedes ejus compede ne vagus esset, et
clavern compedis ejus, S. Cainnicus project t in
mare"), and then to have thrown the key of the
feiter into the sea, between Ireland and Britain.
The legend then proceeds to tell how the disciple
remained thus fettered for seven years, and that
then St. Kenny, knowing what was to happen,
ordered him to depart from Wales, and to return
to Ireland, and there to make his abode in what-
ever place he should find the key of his fetter.
He accordingly went his way, and having arrived
in Leinster, and having met some fishermen on
the banks of the LifFey, he obtained from them a
large fish, within which he found the key of his
fetter. This I quote from the privately printed
Vita S. Cainnici, Dublin, 1851, cap. xv. The
editor in a note has adduced various incidents of
the same kind from several sources. Among them
are those of the ring of Polycrates; the miracle of
the tribute money; Sacontala's ring; the legend
of St. Kentigern ; the legend of St. Nennidh, re-
lated by Ariimchadh, one of the biographers of
St. Bridget (Colg. Trins, p. 559.) ; and the similar
story of St. Maughold, Bishop of Man, which is
told by Jocelin in the Life of St. Patrick, cap*
clii. (Colg. TV., p. 98.) But perhaps more in-
teresting are the facts which are enumerated from
modern history, such as the loss and recovery of
Sir Francis Anderson's ring, related by Brand in
his History of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, a valuable
topographical work, which the editor of the Life
of St. Kenny complains that he could not find in
any of the libraries of Dublin. He adds several
14
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2a s. NO 27., JULY 5. '56.
other well-authenticated recent cases, among which
is one of a small pewfer flask, which had been
dropped accidentally overboard on the south-west
coast of Ireland, and having been subsequently
recovered in the stomach of a fish, was displayed
at a meeting of the Dublin Natural History So-
ciety, and subsequently presented to an inspector
of fisheries well known for his attention to ichthy-
ological studies. I should give the entire of the
annotation, which I could readily augment by
some more recent cases, only that the editor has
announced his intention to reprint the book for
publication in a series of similar hitherto unpub-
lished legends.
Besides this Dublin edition of the Vita S. Cain-
nici, there is another, but also privately printed,
the cost of which was entirely defrayed by the
late Marquis of Ormond, who munificently pre-
sented the copies to the Kilkenny Archaeological
Society. ARTERUS.
Dublin.
The fish and the ring in these arms refer to an
old legend in connection with St. Mungo, or
Kentigern, the founder of the see. A lady lost
her ring while crossing the Clyde, and her hus-
band thinking she had bestowed it upon some
favoured lover, became very jealous and angry.
In this dilemma she sought the advice of St.
Kentigern, who, after fervent devotions, asked
one who was fishing to bring him the first fish
he caught ; this was done, and in the mouth of the
fish was found the lady's lost ring, which being
restored to her husband, he was convinced of the
injustice of his suspicions. This device appears
on the seal of Bishop Wishart, of Glasgow, as
early as the reign of Edward II.
This legend of the fish and the ring, like many
others, is to be found in most countries : it is re-
lated in the pages of Herodotus and Pliny, and
occurs in the Koran ; one instance of it is re-
corded at Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and another
carved on a monument in Stepney Church.
Moule's beautiful and interesting volume on the
Heraldry of Fish notices the subject at length.
NORRIS DECK.
Cambridge.
A tradition given by Archbishop Spottiswoode
professes to explain the fish and the ring in these
arms :
" In the days of St. Kentigern, a lad}' having lost her
wedding-ring, it stirred up her husband's jealousy, to
allay which she applied to St. Kentigern, imploring his
help for the safety of her honour. Not long after, as St.
Kentigern walked by the river, he desired a person that
was fishing to bring him the first fish he could catch,
which was accordingly done, and from its mouth was
taken the lady's ring, which he immediately sent to her
to remove her husband's suspicion."
In confirmation of this Bishop Wishart's official
seal, as seen from the chartulary of Glasgow, in
1279, has been noticed. One compartment showed
the bishop seated, while before him knelt a person
holding a fish with a ring in its mouth. In the
middle division stood the king with a drawn sword
in his right hand, and on his left the queen
crowned, and having in her right hand a ring. The
bishop in his robes knelt praying, in the lower
compartment. The legend circumscribed was
" Rex furit, haec plorat, patet aurum dum sacer
orat."
If the Glaswegians of a former day had been
famous for their imaginative faculties, the follow-
ing lines by Dr. Main, once professor of the
theory and practice of physic in our University,
might be taken as expressive of the thoughts
which led them to fix on the present armorial
bearings :
" Salmo maris, terrseque arbor, avis aeris, urbi,
Promittunt, quicquid trina elementa ferunt:
Et campana, frequens celebret quod numinis aras *
Urbs, superesse Polo non peritura docet :
Neve quis dubitet sociari aeterna caducis,
Annulis id pignus conjugiale notat."
" As symboled here, the sea, the earth, the air,
Promise unto our town whate'er they bear.
To worship at the shrine the bell doth call,
Our queenly town, thus guarded shall ne'er fall.
Let no one 'doubt that thus are linked to heaven
The things of earth : the union pledge is given."
The derivation most generally accepted of the
word Glasgow is the Gaelic clais-ghu, a black or
dark ravine ; this name being given, it is supposed,
originally to a glen, on a little stream east of the
cathedral, in which St. Mungo set up his abode.
Another etymology is Eaglais-dhu, the black
church, i.e. church of Blackfriars; while Glas's
dhu, grey and black, points to a period also of
monkish rule. UNIVERSITATJS ALUMNUS.
Glasgow.
I have a copper coin or penny-token with these
arms on one side, and the motto "Let Glasgow
Flourish " around it. On the other side a river-
god, with "Clyde" inscribed on his urn, from which
a stream issues, and "Nunquam arescere MDCCXCI"
as motto ; but the remarkable point is that around
the edge, instead of milling, are the words " Cam-
bridge, Bedford, and Huntingdon x.x.x."
How can the occurrence of these words on a
Glasgow token be explained ? I took the coin as
change in a village shop in -Norfolk. E. G. R.
MUSICAL NOTATION.
(2 nd S. i. 470.)
I have long intended to point out that in a case
of distress for want of musical type, it is perfectly
N 27., JULYS. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
15
possible to contrive a system by which a composi-
tor who is used to mathematical printing may set
up any quantity of music in common letter. Has
no such thing ever been proposed ? At the end
of this Note will be found an opening movement
which the musician will easily recognise, taken
Treble G A B C
Bass GABCDEFGABCDEFga be
Here G in the treble means the G below the
lines, the lowest note of the violin ; equivalent to
g in the bass, the highest space between the lines.
Let ' " '", written below the note-letter, indi-
cate crotchet, quaver, semiquaver, and demi-semi-
raver : but the crotchet sign, when standing
ne, may be omitted. Thus, A or A is a
crotchet ; A, a quaver, A x/ a semiquaver, &c. :
A / x/ is a note as long as a crotchet, quaver, and
semiquaver put together, represented in common
music by a crotchet followed by two dots. Let a
minim be denoted by two letters written close to-
gether, a semibreve by four. Thus GG GG would
Adagio.
from the first book of arrangements for the piano
forte that came to hand.
Let the notes be represented by their letters, as
follows, the equivalent notes of treble and bass
being written under one another i
DEFoABCDEFgabcdefpaftceZe/
d e fgabcdef.
represent two minims sounded consecutively. Also
GOO and G G might be used to denote a minim,
when convenient.
Let a rest be denoted by I, or i, or i, as con-
venient, with the proper mark of time suffixed.
Let the sharp, flat, and natural be denoted by
a:, Z>, and n prefixed at the top : thus, a C is C sharp.
The double sharp may be denoted by xx, &c.
Let slurred notes be denoted by a line drawn
over them, and let the staccato sign be a dot above
or below the letter.
Let a pause be represented by a circumflex over
the note.
T
E
3c
F
C *F C C b,
D E / y/ //y D y/y D F F y/ E y; D yy K yy DD *D
B
T
E
// J
A I I C F F g
F F C C 1>
J
a i i 6 a a a g y
A *A A A G
B,,,,,,g,,,go, F,
C C B
G G G
" /// ^ G C B C 7 /y /y/ B /y/ C B D D /y O y/ B y/ C y/ BB B
G GG EGG G G G GG G G 0y G o y G y
sf pp
g
G y/y GG o c d e y y/ /yy d y/y c T f e c! 0y
!/> /// G y/y GG C E g c y H , g //( E x G d c go, g, g, g,
C C B
G G G
fa PP
E a g yy F yy E yy D yy
c c B y a y g y F y E ' j i s " * F s " F " g " a " b "
cres. />
B
C
g E d
cE g
C
g Ed
C Eg
F y
c , *c y d y f y e *f jr y a y g y F y E g , D y
C Fo y F y go , "F y E y D y C Eo y G y
T
B
c' I/ J
// G", -F yy G,', if G" A''
6E C
b yy c y c a "EE F y yy //y D y//
B yy C y A / A b K CO D y yy //y B //y
jQf/ p Attacca Sub.
E /
c y I y *FF' g y
A y ^FF o y c /y //y e yyy g t g y g y g y
E / // /// g,/, go , D
C / // /// E /,/ E O / G
Various minor matters might be supplied : but
this is enough to show the practicability of giving,
in ordinary type, a representation from which a
translation info common musical notation might,
easily be made. Should any of your musical
readers find any passages which they think cannot
be printed in this way, I shall be obliged by their
transmitting them to you in ordinary style.
For vocal music in parts I feel pretty sure that
this notation would do to sing from : a hundred
glees might be sold for sixpence, words and all, if
the demand were sufficient. A. DE MORGAN.
QUERIES ON A TOUR.
(2 nd S. i. 470.)
1 . Gatta Melata. Le grand Diet. Geo. et Crit.
(pub. a la Haye, 1736), par La Martiniere, speak-
ing of Narni (which lies seven French leagues
south-west of Spoleto and fifteen north-east of
Rome), says :
" Narni (petite ville d'ltalie dans la terre des Sabins,
Province de 1'Ktat Eccle'siastique, sur la Riviere de Nera)
qui resista a toute la puissance d'Annibal, dans le tems
qu'il ravageoit 1'Italie."
16
KOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd S. NO 27., JULY 5. '56.
Further :
"Narni n'est pas feconde settlement en noblesse, elle
1'est encore en savans, et en grand capitaines. Sans comp-
ter 1'Empereur Nerva, elle a eu il n'y-a pas longtems,
le fameux Gattamelata, Central des Armies des Venitiens,
qui les cnnduisit avec tant de sagesse, de bravoure. et d* bon-
htur, qu'apres avoir rcmporte une infinite de victoires, ces
suptrbfs Republiguains lui firent elever une status de bronze
dans PadouS, cette ville celebre qu'il avoit prise, et unie au
Domaine de la Kepublique. Galeoto, Maxime Arcano,
Michel Ange Arrono, et une infinite d'autres, qui ont ho-
nore la re'publique des Lettres dans les 16 e et 17 e siecles
tftoient de Narni." References are given to Labal, Voy.
d 1 Italic, torn. vii. p. 8fi., and Topograp. des Saints, p. 334. ;
but see also Zedler, Univ. Lex., Leipz. 1740.
2. Serraglia. Albert! says :
" Se'rail, palais qn'habitent les Empereurs des Turcs, et
la partie du Palais du Grand Seigneur, nomrae le Harem,
ou les femmes sont renfertnees. II se dit encore de toutes
les femmes qui sont dans le serail, et de leur suite. Sera-
glio abusivement, une maison, ou quelqu'un tient des
femmes de plaisir unebasse cnur, ou Con enferme des betes
furoitches."The Dlz. della Ling. Ital, Bolog. 1824. (IVth
sign.)
" Serraglio, diciamo ancora al Luogo murato, dove si
tengono serrata le fiere, e gli animali venuti da' paesi
strani. Lat., vivarium ; Gr., <oorpo<|>eioi'."
The Italians have evidently manufactured the
word seraglio from the Turk. J^, saray, the
primary signification of which is a house, hotel;
2, a palace. The Pers. has the same word for a
palace or inn. ' It also occurs in the Turk, and
Pers., ^y*5 ^\}J*-> karwdn-sardy, caravansary, a
place appointed for receiving and loading cara-
vans ; a kind of inn, where the caravans rest at
night, being a large square building, with a spacious
court in the middle. The primitive signification,
therefore, of saray is an oriental inn, which is
made up of four square walls, round which are
the rooms for travellers, the centre forming a
courtyard, and the sky the roof. Or it may be
thus : 1. a square building for travellers, an inn ;
2. a palace built, in such a form ; 3. that part of a
palace where the females are kept; 4. a house
where women are shut up ; 5. a building where
beasts are caged like women in a seraglio. But,
query, may not serraglia, serraglio, be from ser-
rdre, to shut up, hide, conceal, from Lat. serare,
to lock, shut.
3. St. Richard. Chalmers (Biog. Diet., Lond.
1816) mentions a Richard (called sometimes Ar-
machanus and Fits-Ralph), Archbishop of Ar-
magh in the fourteenth century, whose opinions
so displeased the friars that they procured him to
be cited before Pope Innocent VI. at Avignon.
The age was not prepared to listen to him, and
the Pope decided in favour of the friars. He
died at Avignon, not without suspicion of poison,
1360. See also Fox's Book of Martyrs.
6. The Hoe. The derivation given is pro-
bably correct. The word is also found spelt
hogh. Richardson derives it from Anglo-Saxon
heuh, and gives the following :
" That well can witnesse yet vnto this day
The westerne hoyh.
Spenser, F. Queene, b. 11. c. 10.
" AU doubtful to which party the victory would go,
Upon that lofty place at Plymouth called the Hoe
Those mighty wrestlers met."
Dray ton, Poly-OMon, 5. 1.
R. S. CHARNOCK.
St. Richard (2 nd S. i. 470.) Richard (de
Wyche) was born at Droitwich, in Worcester-
shire. Having pursued a course of studies at
Oxford, Paris, and Bologna, and so perfected him-
self in the canon law, he was appointed by Ed-
mund, Archbishop of Canterbury, his chancellor,
and was also appointed Chancellor of the Univer-
sity of Oxford. In 1245, he was elected (by the
chapter) Bishop of Chiche.ster, in opposition to an
unfit nominee of Henry III. And Richard's
election was confirmed, as it had been promoted,
by Pope Innocent. The Bishop died in 1253, at
Dover, in his fifty-seventh year, and was after-
wards canonised by Pope Urban IV., A.D. 1261.
MR. BOASB may find a brief account of " Bishop
Richard " in Parker's Calendar of the Anglican
Church, in Brady's Clavis Calendaria, in Cosin's
Notes on the Book of Common Prayer, or in Mant,
Wheatly, or any other annotator on the English
Calendar, wider the third of April, on which day
he died. J. SANSOM.
St. Richard was Bishop of Chichester, and died
at Dover, April 3, 1253, on which day he is still
commemorated in the English Calendar. He was
appointed bishop in opposition to the nominee of
Henry III., and it was only by the interference of
the pope that he was allowed, after two years' de-
privation, to take possession of his see, which he
presided over more than five years, dying at the
age of fifty-seven. His emblems, in reference to
various legends connected with him, too long for
insertion here, are a plough and a chalice.
NORRIS DECK.
Cambridge.
There is an account of a S. Richardus, rex apud
Anglo-Saxones in Britannia, to be found in torn, ii,
Febr. p. 69. of the Acta Sanctorum of Bollundus,
I should think that he is most probably the Saint
Richard mentioned by your correspondent MR.
BOASE.* 'AAjeuj.
Dublin.
[* For notices of St. Richard of the West Saxons, see
our l*t S. iv. 475. ; v. 418.]
2nd g. NO 27., JULY 6. >56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
17
WILLIAM CLAPPERTON.
(2 nd S. i. 181.)
In a former number I was able to furnish some
particulars relative to this gentleman. I now
propose to make an addition to my previous com-
munication.
The late John Ring, Esq., surgeon, in London,
was jm excellent scholar and an enthusiastic ;id-
mirer of Virgil. Dissati.-fied with the previous trans-
lations, he published in 2 vols., 8vo., London, 1820,
a mosaic edition, partly original and partly altered
from the text of Dryden and Pitt. This having
fallen into Mr. Clapperton's hands, was anxiously
perused and greatly admired by him; so much so,
that he was induced to write to Mr. Ring. This
led to a correspondence, in the course of which
numerous faulty lines were pointed out and
amended by Clapperton. Ring felt much grati-
fied by the praise and assistance, of his correspon-
dent, and learning that his circumstances were
far from opulent, intimated a wish to recompense
him ; this the poet would not listen to, but agreed
to accept a portrait of his new friend, which was
sent without delay, in a handsome frame, and was
duly received by Mr. Clapperton, who placed the
honoured portrait in the most conspicuous place
in his apartment.
Mr. Ring died in Dec., 1821, an event which
retarded the projected new edition. Clapperton
nevertheless went on with his translations and
emendations, and in 1835 published, by subscrip-
tion, the ^Eneid, in two small volumes, 12mo.
There were copies, few in number, on large paper:
these are now very scarce. The Georgics were
not included in this edition, Mr. Clapperton being
of opinion that they required very little emenda-
tion, and in truth caring nothing about them.
I had forgotten the greater part of the above
legend, when my memory was refreshed by seeing
poor Clapperton's highly prized portrait of Ring
amongst various paintings exposed for sale by
Mr. Nisbet, in his far famed sale rooms in Edin-
burgh. For "Auld lang syne," and out of re-
spect to the memory of Ring and Clapperton, both
of whom were most excellent and worthy persons,
I^became, for a small consideration, the purchaser.
The painting is an excellent one, and I have no
doubt is very like Mr. Ring. It is not improbable
that some person connected with the deceased
gentleman can tell me who the painter was, or put
me in the way of obtaining that knowledge.
j!M. (2)
PHOT&GRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.
Photographic Portraits. The Art of Photography is
it length taking its place beside that of engraving in the
publication of Portraits. We have several specimens
now before us. Dr. Diamond has been induced to issue
some of his Portraits of the Men of the Time ; and we
doubt not many an old King's College man will be glad
to have the opportunity of securing the admirable like-
ness which Dr. Diamond has produced of the Rev. Dr.
Major, the learned and excellent Master of King's Col-
lege School ; while the many friends who appreciate the
literary acquirements and social character of the Author
of The Handbook of London, will be no less delighted
with the genial and characteristic likeness of Mr. Peter
Cunningham, which Dr. Diamond has succeeded in
catching. These are separate publications But Messrs.
Maull & Polyblank have commenced a work of greater
pretension. It is entitled Photographic Portraits of Living
Celebrities; and appears monthly, each portrait being
accompanied by a Biographical" Memoir. The First
Number contains Professor Owen, and a more charac-
teristic portrait of the " Newton of Natural History "
cannot well be imagined. The Second Number furnishes
us with a portrait of Mr. Macdblay. The likeness is
satisfactory, thoughtful, and characteristic. As a por-
trait of the great historian silent, it is indeed admirable
bu* is deficient in that animation which, when talking,
lights up the whole countenance of one who talks so well.
Hardwick's Photographic Chemistry. This little vo-
lume, indispensable to every photographer, has been
thoroughly revised, and now appears in a third edition.
Everything has been omitted from it which does not
possess practical as well aa scientific interest. The
chapters on Photographic Printing have been entirely re-
written, and include the whole of the author's i-uportant
investigations on this subject. Lastly, Mr. Hardwick
has endeavoured as far as possible to recommend the em-
ployment of chemical agents which are used in medicine,
and vended by all druggists. How useful this may prove
can only be judged by those who have suffered from
practising photography in remote localities, far from tlie
reach of purely photographic chemicals.
to #Unor
Bishop J3utts (2 nd S. i. 34.) I observe in your
number for Jan. 12, an answer to the Query of
K. H. S. respecting Dr. Butts. This bishop was
not the only prelate slandered by Cole. Passing
by his calumnies, I inform K. H. S. that Bishop
Butts was the seventh child of Rev. W. Butts,
formerly rector of Hartest, Suffolk : that he was
not quite destitute of merit, as Cole asserts, may
be inferred from his brother clergymen having
elected him as their Convocation Proctor in 1727,
he being then rector of Chedburgh ; he was also
rector of Ickworth, lecturer of St. Mary's, Bury
St. Edmunds, and chaplain to George II. ; and
successively Dean of Norwich, Bishop of Nor-
wich, and Bishop of Ely. His first wife was not
a daughter of Dr. Eyton, but of Rev. A. Pycher,
formerly rector of Hawstead ; and he died, aged
sixty-three ; about which age Cole makes him
marry a second wife, which he certainly did, but
at a much earlier age. He was descended of an
ancient family, inheriting a property descending
through many generations from before the time of
Edward II. to James II., situated at Shouldham
Thorp, Norfolk, in the church of which place
18
NOTES AND QUERIES.
s. NO 27., JULY 5. '56.
are many monuments of the family. K. H. S.
may have any farther, particulars from
E. D. IB.
I enclose my address.
Henley-on-Thames (2 nd S. i.454.) J. S.URN
has given so short a list of books which he has at
hand for a history of Henley, omitting some of
general information, that I would first refer him
to Hastings Past and Present, Lond. 1855, Append,
pp. i. Ixii., the last work I am acquainted with, as
giving a long list of works which have reference
to the locality it treats of. They cannot of course
be transferred at once to a Henley Past and Pre-
sent, but they will indicate sources of information
which he must have recourse to, more or less, if he
would do his work well.
For Henley in particular there may be men-
tioned,
Turner, Captain Samuel, A true Relation of a
late Skirmish at Henley-on-Thames, wherein a
great Defeat was given to the Redding Cavaliers,
4to., Lond. 1643. (There is a copy in the Bod-
leian.)
Gough's Sepulchral Monuments of Great Britain,
vol. i. plate 4. fig. 8., engraving of a cross.
The Gentleman s Magazine, vol. Iv. p. 931., and
vol. Ivi. pp. 45. 363., an account of Gainsborough,
brother to the painter, with his epitaph ; vol. Ixiii.
p. 716., and vol. Ixxxiii. part i. p. 716., church
notes ; vol. Ixxvii. p. 79., presentation of cup, &c.,
to T. Chapman for rescuing a child from drown-
ing; vol. Ixxxiii. part n. p. 183., discovery of mi-
neral spring. (The general index does not ex-
tend to the recent volumes.)
Henley Guide, earlier than 1827. (See Skel-
ton's Oxfordshire.")
Skelton, J., Engraved Illustrations of the Paro-
chial Antiquities of Oxfordshire, 4to., Oxford.
1823-7. There is a view of Henley Church, and
an interesting account of the town.
Ecclesiastical Antiquities of England, arranged
in Dioceses : Oxford, 8vo., J. H. and J. Parker,
Oxford. E. M.
Oxford.
In a note to the Coucher Book of Whalley, edited
for the Chetham Society by W. A. Hulton (p. 979.),
it is stated that Robert de Holland, elsewhere said
to have been first the secretary, and afterwards the
betrayer, of Thomas Earl of Lancaster, was be-
headed at Henley-on-Thames in 1328 ; and Dods-
worth, who alludes to the circumstance, says that
he owed his death to the hatred which his
treachery had excited against him, and that the
mob, who found him concealed in a wood near to
Henley-on-Thames, conducted him to that place,
and there put him to death. ANON.
Special Report from Committee of House of
Commons (2 nd S. i. 461.) The Committee of the
House of Commons referred to by '"N. E. was ap-
pointed Feb. 22, 1719 (House of Commons Journal,
p. 274. b.). The Committee reported March 18
(Id. p. 305. a.), and the House resolved that several
informations given before the Committee tending
to accuse the Attorney-General " of corrupt and
evil practices are malicious, false, scandalous, and
utterly groundless," the report and other papers
to be printed, and that Mr. Speaker do appoint
the printing of the said report (Id. 310. b.).
The Committee again reported April 27 (Journal,
p. 341.), and the House came to a resolution that
the subscribers having acted as corporate bodies
without legal authority, " and thereby drawn in
several unwary persons into unwarrantable under-
takings, the said practices manifestly tend to the
prejudice of the publick trade and commerce of
the kingdom ; " and a Bill was ordered " to re-
strain the extravagant and unwarrantable practice
of raising money by voluntary subscriptions for
carrying on projects dangerous to the trade and
subjects of this kingdom." And Mr. Secretary
Craggs, Mr. Walpole, Mr. Comptroller, Mr. Chan-
cellor of the Exchequer, do prepare and bring in
the same (Id. 351. a.). Mr. Lowndes was added
May 2 (Id. 353. b.). Parliament was prorogued
June 11.
The Reports are printed in the House of Com-
mons Journals. See Index to House of Commons
Journals, under " Projects." J. H. P.
There is a copy of this Report in the library of
Trinity College, Dublin, from which I shall have
pleasure in copying any extracts desired by N. E.
'AAteu.
Dublin.
Writers bribed to Silence (2 nd S. i. 471.) -In-
formation has lately been sought in " N. & Q." for
any information respecting writers who may have
been bribed to silence. It would be equally
curious and interesting to trace the extent of
bribery in modifying or altogether changing a
journal's politics.
In 1816, the Journal de V Empire, an influential
French newspaper, published the following :
" We are assured the English Journal called The Courier,
has received 500,000 francs from the bankers of M. de
Blacas to write against France. At first 10,000 Louis
were offered to the Journalist ; but was seriously angry,
and protested that he was not a man to allow himself to
be corrupted for such a trifle."
William Mudford, author of half a dozen novels
now forgotten, and of several miscellaneous works,
including the greater part of the Border Antiqui-
ties of Scotland, generally regarded as the^sole off-
spring of Sir Walter Scott's brain, edited the
Courier at this period, and replied :
" Five hundred thousand francs, nearly 21,0007. sterling !
The Paris Editor, at least, shows by the magnitude of
the sum of what importance he thinks our support of any
S. NO 27., JULY. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
19
cause is. So far we are obliged to him, and we shall be
farther obliged to him to add, in the next journal he pub-
lishes after the receipt of our paper of to-day, that there
was not one word of truth in his assertion."
This contradiction was not regarded as conclu-
sive or satisfactory by many of the contemporary
prints. The Antigallican said :
" It is no easy matter to discover whether the charge
or reply be the more correct, but thus much we have
had an "opportunity of knowing, that the Governments of
France have had "English Journalists in their pay since
the Revolution. Indeed those persons who were in the
habit of reading the Courier last summer, must have seen
that that paper was not very friendly to the Bourbons ;
now, however, it is suddenly changed, as if touched with
a magic wand.
" Not long since a charge of a similar kind was pre-
ferred against a Morning Paper, viz. of 10,000/. having
been received by its proprietor from Blacas."
It would be curious to elicit accurate informa-
tion on this subject.
WILLIAM JOHN FITZ-PATRICK.
The Silver Greyhound (2 nd S. i. 493.) About
seventy years ago the king's messengers always
wore this badge when on duty, and it is one of
these officers whom Sir Walter Scott, in his tale
of " Aunt Margaret's Mirror," calls the man with
the silver greyhound on his sleeve. J. DE W.
Sir Edward Coke (1 st S. iv. passim.) The cor-
rect spelling of the surname of this great lawyer
is to be found in an " Epistle Dedicatorie " to him
of,-
"A Discourse of the Damned Art of Witchcraft, so
farre forth as it is revealed in the Scriptures, and manifest
by true experience. Framed and Delivered by Mr.
William Perkins, in his ordinarie course of Preaching,
&c. Printed by Cantrell Legge, Printer to the Univer-
sitie of Cambridge, 1613,"
namely,
" To the Right Honourable Sir Edward Cooke, Knight,
Lord Chief Justice of his Majesties Court of Common
Pleas, Grace and Peace,'' &c.
The author discusses the subject of witchcraft
with considerable ingenuity, as it prevailed in
England at that date; and with a zealous sincerity,
in A Resolution to the Countryman, proving it
utterly unlawfull to buie or use our yearely Prog-
nostications, he endeavours to put down what had
been the almanacks in circulation. G. N.
Order of St. John of Jerusalem (2 nd S. i. 197.
264. 461.) To W. W., who informs me that " all
masonic degrees are separate and distinct," I beg
to reply that I am quite aware of this ; but they
are occasionally united in the same services, and
under the same laws and regulations. I gave two
instances, the latter being from a book of Laws
and Regulations, of which the first article provides
that the five orders of masonic knighthood in
be united under one general administration, and
subject to one code of laws. I need not repeat
the names of these five orders, having specified
them in a former communication. F. C. H.
Poniatowski Gems (2 nd S. i. 471.) About ten
or twelve years ago these gems were in the pos-
session of a gentleman named Tyrrell, then re-
siding in Craven Street, Strand, and he employed
an Irish scholar named Pendergast to compile a
Catalogue Eaisonnee of his treasure. At Mr.
Tyrrell's house I saw, I think, the whole work,
but certainly a part, in print. If it was completed,
and was published, otherwise than privately, I
need not, tell MR. GANTILLON that it will be found
at the British Museum. If it is not there on
either the one ground or the other, I think I
could possibly ascertain Mr. Tyrrell's address for
MR. GANTILLON. JAMES KNOWLES.
[We cannot find a copy of this Catalogue Eaisonnee in
the British Museum.]
The Image of Diana at Ephesus Aerolite
Worship (2 nd S. i. 410.) I recollect once hear-
ing an eminent classic and D.D. of this University
assert as his opinion, that this image was formed
of a meteoric stone or aerolite. There is no
doubt that aerolite worship was common in the
East ; and that it is so still may be seen by the
following extracts from Lieut. Burton's Pilgri-
mage to El Medinah and Meccah :
" At Jagannath they worship a pyramidal black stone,
fabled to have fallen from heaven, or miraculously to
have presented itself on the place where the temple now
stands." Vol. iii. p. 159.
" While kissing it (the celebrated black stone at
Meccah), and rubbing forehead and hands upon it, I nar-
rowly observed it, and came away persuaded that it is a
big aerolite." - Vol. iii. p. 210.
This would seem to favour the idea that the
image of the great Diana was composed of a
similar substance. I may add, that I have jn my
possession a perforated bead, probably Druidical,
evidently formed out of a meteoric stone.
NORRIS DECK.
Cambridge.
Black Letter (2 nd S. i. 472.) Though the
Query of A. L. B. is addressed to another tran-
scriber of black letter books, I may be permitted,
as one who has had much practice in that way, to
inform him that I find the best kind of pen for the
purpose to be one made from a swan's quill, with
a short slit and a very broad nib. There are
metal pens sold for the purpose, but they have the
great disadvantage of getting soon clogged up
with the fine powder which they scratch up from
the vellum. F. C. H.
Burning of Books (2 nd S. i. 397.) The greatest
Vandalism perpetrated in more modern times is
that of the Austrian Government, which, after the
battle of the Weisse Berg, 1621, sent a number of
20
NOTES AND QUERIES.
NO 27., JULY 5. '56.
commissioners (Jesuits) through the breadth and
length of Czechia, who, found, in almost every vil-
lage, piles of books, 'obnoxious to tyrannic and
bigoted rule, and had them consumed by fire.
Considering what flight Czechian literature had
taken shortly after the spreading of the Reforma-
tion, Petrarca's Poewz.v, for instance, being first
translated into Czechian, this atrocity struck a
fierce blow at the nascent literature of the great
Panslavic race. I saw once a copy of a huge
volume in fol. max. in the Czechian language, in
one of the villages of that country, printed also at
that period. I think it related to some geographi-
cal subject. As I do not believe that any book so
large had been then printed in any other part of
Europe, I would wi^h to learn the title. It must
especially have excited the attention of those
Jesuitic incendiaries. J. LOTSKY, Panslave.
15. Gower Street, London.
Medieval Parchment (1 st S. vii. 155. 317.)
I am desirous, with F. M., of knowing some means
of preventing parchment from crumpling when
moistened by the application of colour ; but, as I
cannot refer to the MSS. mentioned by E. G. B.,
I shall be much obliged to any one who will,
either through these columns or by letter, give
me the information I seek. JOHN P. STILWELL.
Dorking.
Isle of Man (2 nd S. i. 454.) To assist in de-
ciding this question I contribute a mite of informa-
tion culled from the pages of Heylin, Hearne's
Curious Discoveries, Mono, Antiqua restaurata, and
Campbell's Survey.
This island by Ptolemy is called Monceda, or the
further Mona, to distinguish it from that which
we call Anglesey or Mona. By Pliny it is called
Monabia or Monapia ; by Orosius and Beda Me-
navia ?> and by Gildas, an old British writer, Eu-
fionia. Mona, the name by which it w&s generally
known to the Romans (Campbell says), is evidently
no more than the softening of the British appella-
tion Mon, or Tir Mon, "the furthest land," the
ancient Britons calling it Manaiu Menaw, or more
properly main au, " the little island," the inhabit-
ants mailing and the English man.
It had a second name also, derived from its
being almost covered with wood : this was Inis
Touil, or as the moderns write it, Ynys Dywylh,
" the shady island ; " and from the Druids having
taken shelter there, a third, Ynys y Cedeirn, or
the " Land of Heroes." R. W. HACKWOOD.
Blood which will not wash out (2 nd S. i. 374.)
Has MR. COWPEB ever visited Holyrood, where
the stains of Rizzio's blood are shown on the floor
in the passage near the hack stairs, leading from
Queen Mary's room ? The legend runs that they
cannot be removed by soap, water, and a scrub-
bing brush. I am sufficient of an infidel to be-
lieve that no effort has ever been made to remove
them, and that, on the contrary, the stains have
been from time to time carefully renewed by
blood procured from some of the slaughter-houses
in " Auld Reekie." Apropos of this suVvject, was
it ever known that any two of the guides at Holy-
rood Palace could be found to agree as to the
exact number of stabs inflicted on Rizzio before
life was extinct ? I trow not. SCEPTIC.
Cow and Snuffers (2 nd S. i. 372.) Your cor-
respondent E. E. BYNG will find the " Cow and
Snuffers" mentioned in the Irish song of " Looney
MTwolter," introduced in an old farce, whose
author has escaped my memory :
" Judy's my darling, my kisses she suffers,
She's an heiress, that's clear,
For her father sells beer,
Och ! he keeps the sign of the Cow and the Snuffers,
Oh ! she's so smart,
From my heart
I can't bolt her;
Oh ! Whack ! Judy O'Flanagan,
She's the girl for Looney M'Twolter."
JUVERNA.
Punishment of dishonest Bakers (2nd S. i. 332.)
Queen Elizabeth, by a charter in the forty-first
year of her reign, granted (inter alia) to the cor-
poration of Andover, Hants, power to make and
have, within their borough and hundred, the
assize and assay of bread, wine, and ale, and
other victuals, and to punish bakers and others
breaking the said assize ; " that is to say, to draw
such bakers and others offending against the said
assize upon hurdles through the streets of the
borough or town and hundred aforesaid, and to
otherwise chastise them in manner as in our city
of London is accustomed concerning such bakers
and other such like offenders." W. H. W. T.
Somerset House.
fiatice* ta
Owing to the number of articles of interest waiting for insertion we
have this week been compelled to omit our usual NOTES ON BOOKS.
A. Mi. Received. Many thanks.
D. B. Has. we think, not copied quite accurately some of the words. If
tie would entrust us wiHt the original document we should doubtless be
enabled to answer his question.
INDEX TO THE FIRST SERIES. As this is now published, and the im-
pression is a limited one, such of our readers as desire copies wold do
well to intimate their wish to their respective booksellers ithout delay.
Our publishers, MKSSRS. BBLL & DALDV, ivill forward copies by post on
receipt of a Post Office Order for Five Shillings.
"NOTES AID QUERIFS" is published at noon on Friday, so that tJie
Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and
deliver them to their Subscribers on the Saturday.
"NOTFS AND QPERIES" is also issued in Monthly Parts, for the con-
venience of those who may either have a difficulty in procuring the un-
stamped weekly Numbers, or prefer receiving it monthly. While parties
resident in the country or abroad, who may be desirous of receiving the
weekly Numbrrx, may have stainred copies forwarded direct from the
Publisher. The subscription for the stamped edition of " Nos AND
QtiERtEs " (including a very copious Index} is eleven shillings and four-
pence for sixjngnths, which may be paid by Post i
favour of the Publisher, MR. GEORGK
2nd g. N 28., JULY 12. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
21
LONDON, SATURDAY, JULY 12, 1856.
POPIANA.
Colley Cibler turned out of the House of Lords.
Can any reader of " N. & Q." throw light upon the
incidents referred to in the following lines? They are
printed as a broadside on a single leaf, with the half-
penny stamp impressed upon it.
" Upon, the Poet Laureafs being expelled the House
of Lords.
C r (the wonder of a brazen Age),
Always a Hero, off or on the stage,
The other day, in courtesy, affords
His lovely Phyz to grace the House of Lords ;
Quite free from pride, he humbly condescends
To treat the very smallest Peers, as Friends :
With sneer or grin approves each grave debate,
And smiles when Brother Dukes support the
State :
On the learn'd Bishops Bench, looks kind
enough,
And offers good Lord King a Pinch of Snuff.
Whilst thus he rains his Favours on the Crowd,
An old rough Earl his swift destruction vow'd ;
Regardless of th' Imperial Crown he wore,
Regardless of the Bays and Brains he bore,
A Voice as hoarse as Sutherland's gave Law,
And made the King, the Fop, The Bard with-
draw.
O C r, in revenge your wrath forbear,
This once your stupid, stingless satire spare
And with dull panegyrick daub each Peer :
Like rhyming Bellman's Ghost haunt their
abodes,
And frighten them with Birth or New Year
Odes.
If banished thence, you still may shine at
There P rs and Scoundrels equally resort ;
Unmatched in all, Superiors never fear ;
But since you'r Peerless scorn the name of Peer.
" London : Printed for J. Jenkins, near Ludgate.
Price (on stamped paper) 2^."
Is the incident on which this satire turns recorded by
any contemporary writer ? or is there any mention of it
in the Journals of the House of Lords ? C. L. S.
Portrait of Swift. Faulkener printed an
edition of Dean Swift's Works in 1734. To the
volume which completes the set is prefixed a full~
length portrait of the Dean seated in a chair,
about to be crowned with laurels ; at his feet, in
supplicating attitudes, the daughters and children
of Ireland, and a table spread with coin, which
may be understood to be "Wood's Halfpence."
At the bottom there is the motto,
" Exegi Monumentum ^Ere perennius." Hor.
The plate seems to be a good likeness of the
Dean, and altogether a well executed subject.
No engraver's name appears on it. Query, Can
any of your correspondents inform me who he
was?
It has often struck me that the following, ex-
tracted from a Collection of Jests, printed at
Edinburgh by R. Fleming, 1753, may have some
relation to the plate, but I have never been able
to connect the two.
" On George Faulkener's promising to have the Dean of
St. Patrick's Effigies prefixed to the New Edition of his
Works, from a Copperplate done by Mr. Vertue.
" In a little dark room, at the back of his shop,
Where poets and criticks have din'd on a chop,
Poor Faulkner sat musing alone thus of late,
' Two volumes are done it is time for the plate ;
Yes, time to be sure. But on whom shall I call
To express the great Swift in a compass so small ?
Faith, Vertue shall do it I'm pleas'd at the thought,
Be the cost what it will, the copper is bought.'
Apollo o'erheard, who, as some people guess,
Had a hand in the work, and corrected the press,
And pleas'd he replied, Honest George, you are right,
This thought was my OAVII, howsoe'er you came b.v't ;
For tho' both the wit and the style is my gift,
'Tis Vertue alone can design us a Swift.' "
G.N.
Curll and the Westminster Scholars. The fol-
lowing additional illustration of the satirical print
which forms the subject of a Query by GRIFFIN
(1 st S. v. 585.), and which is rightly described by
S. WMSON (1 st S. vi. 348.) as referring to an affair
between Curll and the boys of Westminster School,
seems worth making a note of. It is from The
Grub Street Journal, vol. i. p. 128. :
" The following Copy of verses is taken from the Carmina
Quadragesimalia ( vol. i. p, 118.), to which a transla-
tion is subjoined :
" An causae sint sibi invicem Causa? ? Aff r .
" Authore invito, tenues mandare libellos,
Furtivis solitus Bibliopola typis,
Ultores pueros deceptus fraude maligna
Sensit ab excesso missus in Astra sago :
Nee satis hoc ; mensa late porrectus acerna
Supplicium rigidae fert puerile schola? :
Jam virgae impatiens pueris convitia fundit ;
Vicinique crepat jurgia nota fori.
Flagra minas misero extorquent repetita ; minasque
Quo magis ingeminat, vapulat ille magis.
" Whether Causes can be mutual ? Aff.
" Much had piratic Mun by pamphlets got,
For print he would, if authors would or not.
By vengeful boys decoyed, he takes ten flights
From blanket, loftier than from Grub Street Rights.
Nay more : stretch'd out at length on maple board,
Feels boyish pains in rigid schools abhorred,
Impatient of the rod, Ye dogs uncivil,'
He cries, 'by I'll sue you to the devil.'
Lashes loud threats extort : in greater store,
The threats flie out, the wretch is lashed the more.
" Mr. Bavius objected against the impropriety of trans-
22
NOTES AND QUERIES.
S. NO 28., JULY 12. '56.
lating late porrectus,' by < stretched out at length.' But
Mr. Maevius vindicated it by saying, that one of the
agents had assured birf that the patient was stretched
out at length, as well as in breadth ; and therefore the
translator, as well as the author, might chuse which he
pleased."
Let me add a Query : Where did Curll
" . . . th' oration print
Imperfect with false Latin in't?"
the offence for which it is stated he was subjected
to such dishonourable treatment. M. N. S.
Warburton. Among the books formerly be-
longing to Samuel Rogers, and now on sale by
AVillis and Sotheran, is a copy of Dr. Johnson's
Table Talk, 1785, " with the following severe verse
on Warburton written by Mr. Rogers on the fly-
leaf-."
" He is so proud that should he meet
The twelve Apostles in the street,
He'd turn his nose up at them all,
And thrust our Saviour from the wall."
Are these verses by Rogers, or merely copied
by him from some contemporary satire ? S. W.
DOUCE S MS. NOTES.
The following notes by this learned antiquary
are in a copy of R. Gaguin's Grandes Croniques,
fol., Par. 1514, which formerly belonged to him,
and is now in the Douce Collection in the Bod-
leian Library, Oxford.
" Gaguin's Gestes Romaines, printed by Verara, with-
out date, in folio. This is not the Gesta Romanorum, as
somewhere stated, but a compilation of the Roman history
down to the time of . At the end of his pro-
logue he speaks of the tournaments and 'joustes a, ou
trance' that he had seen in England and in the court of
Burgundy. The work begins with Hasanibal's being
made emperor of the Cai'thaginians, and ends with Scipio's
triumph at Rome. Then follow various matters on he-
raldry, as the origin of Montjoye king-at-arms, manner
of electing an emperor, duke, viscount, &c., observations
on war, &c. ; account of justs in England and Burgundy,
&c."
"At the end of the Roman history is a large cut,
copied, I think, from some fine illumination of which I
have a drawing (from Rive's work, in outline). On the
left a Gothic chapel, on the outside arms of France on a
shield, inside a bishop anointing a kneeling and naked
person. This in front. Behind, a bishop baptizing a
child. On the right hand of the print, King Clovis put-
ting a Roman army to flight, CLOVIS ROY on his horse-
trappings. Behind, a hermit bringing a new shield with
three fleurs-de-lis, instead of the old arms on the king's
breast, viz. three * * * (?) On a hill the hermit
receives this shield from an angel, a bird attending with
the ampoulle in his mouth. In the back-ground pillars
with images on them (as in a large painting at Somerset
House of H. P. and Sowers) (?), and a king and queen
standing near them."
" On Kniyht Bannerets.
" Where a tenant has served long in war, and has land
enough to maintain fifty gentlemen, he may lawfully
raise his banner, and on the first battle he may bring a
pennon of his arms, and require of the constable or mar-
shal to be made banneret, which if granted, the trumpets
are to announce it, and then the tails of the pennon are to
be cut, in order to be carried with those of others either
above or below barons."
" Mode of ordering a Battle * par eschelles,' i. e. squadrons.
" The ceremony at the combat at lists is very curious.
The regulations "themselves, made by Thomas, Duke of
Gloucester, High Constable for Rich. II., are given:
' Et si la dicte bataille est cause de traison, celluy qui est
vaincu et descomfit sera desarme dedans les lices, et par
le comandement du conestable sera mis en un cornet, et
en reprehencion de luy sera traisne hors avec chevaulx
du lieu mesme ou il est ainsi desarmi parmy les lices
jusques au lieu de justice ou sera decole ou pendu selon
lusaige des pays, la quelle chose appartient au mareschal
voir par fournir par son office et le mettre a execution.'
" N.B. The hanging and beheading was confined to
cases of treason ; in a simple affair of arms the disabled
party was only disarmed and led out of lists.
" ; Ci finist les gestes romaines et les statuts et ordoi>
nances des heraulx darmes, translate de latin en francois
par maistre Robert Guaguin general de lordre des Ma-
turins.' No date, but pr. by Ant. Verard in folio,, Brit.
Mus."
" Gaguin died at Paris in 1501. His history extends
to 1499.
" Gaguin entreprit un ouvrage qui dans onze livres
comprend 1'histoire de douze siecles. Rien ne manqua a
Gaguin que le genie pour etre un bon historien ; car ses
frequentes ambassades et les livres de la bibliothe'que de
Louis XII. lui procuroient tous les secours qui pouvoient
lui etre necessaires." Carlencas, Hist, des Belles Lettres t
p. 326."
" See an excellent character of Gaguin in the Recreations
Historigues, tome ii. p. 184."
" See in Chevillier, Origine de Vimprimerie de Paris,
p. 157., an account of the dissatisfaction expressed by
Gaguin at the inaccuracy of the first edition of his work."
" See Meusel, Bill. Hist., torn. vii. p. 9."
" Gaguin was librarian to Louis XL, Charles VIII.,
and Louis XII."
W. D. M.
GENERAL LITERARY INDEX : ALLEGIANCE, ETC.
(Continued from 2 nd S. i. 487.)
" The Controversial Letters, or the Grand Controversie
concerning the Pope's Temporal Authority between two
English Gentlemen ; the one of the Church of England,
the other of Rome. 4to. London. 1673-75."
" History and Vindication of the Irish Remonstrance,
&c. 1661. Reprinted, fol. Lond., 1674.
" A Letter to the Catholics of England, &c. &c. &c.
By Father Peter Walsh. 8vo. Lond., 1674."
" England's Independency upon the Papal Power his-
torically and judicially stated, out of the Reports of Sir
John Davis and Sir Edw. Coke. By Sir John Pettus.
4to. Lond., 1674."
" Some Considerations of Present Concernment ; how
far Romanists may be trusted by Princes of another Per-
suasion. By Henry Dodwell. 8vo. 1675."
" A Seasonable Question, and an Useful Answer ; con-
tained in an Exchange of a Letter between a Parliament
Man in Cornwall and a Bencher of the Temple, London,
Lond., 167G."
" The Jesuits' Loyalty, in Three Tracts, written by
2** S. N 28., JULY 12. '56.1 NOTES AND QUERIES.
them against the Oath of Allegiance, with the Reasons
of Penal Laws. 1677 ( ?)."
" Answer to Three Treatises published under the Title
of ' The Jesuits' Loyalty.' 4to. Lond., 1678."
" An Account of the Growth of Popery, and Arbitrary
Government in England ; more particularly from the
long Prorogation of Parliament of Nov. 1675, ending
the 15th Feb. 1676, till the last Meeting of Parliament,
the 16th of July, 1677. Fol. Lond., 1678. Reprinted
in 'State Tracts 'in 1689."
" Popery, or the Principles and Positions approved by
the Church of Rome (when really believed and practised),
are very dangerous to all, and to Protestant Kings and
Supreme Powers more especially pernicious and incon-
sistent with that Loyalty which (by the Law of Nature
and Scripture) is indispensably due to Supreme Powers.
By Thomas Barlow, Bishop of Lincoln. 4to. Lond.,
1679."
" Brutum Fulmen, or the Bull of Pius V. against Q.
Elizabeth, with Observations and Animadversions. By
the Same. 4to. Lond., 1681."
" The King- Killing Doctrine of the Jesuits, translated
from the French. By Peter Bellon. 4to. Lond., 1679."
" The Jesuits' Catechism according to St. Ignatius
Loyola for the Instructing and Strengthening of all those
which are weake in that Faith. Wherein the Impiety of
their Principles, Pernitiousness of their Doctrines, and
Iniquitv of their Practises are declared. 4to. Lond.,
1679." "
"The Jesuits Unmasked; or Politick Observations
upon the Ambitious Pretensions and Subtle Intreagues of
that Cunning Society. Presented to all High Powers
as a Seasonable Discourse at this Time. 4to. Lond.,
1679."
" Christian Loyalty ; or a Dyscourse, wherein is asserted
that just Royal Authority and Eminency, which in this
Church and Realm of England, is yielded to the King.
Especially concerning Supremacy in Causes Ecclesiastical.
Together with the Disclaiming all Foreign Jurisdiction ;
and the Unlawfulness of Subjects Taking Armes against
the King. By William Falkner. 8vo. Lond., 1679."
" An Exact Discovery of the Mystery of Iniquity as it
is now in practice among the Jesuits and other their
Emissaries. With a particular Account of their Anti-
christian and Devillish Policy. 4to. 1679."
" The Case put concerning the Succession of the D. of
York. With some Observations upon the Political Cate-
chism, the Appeal, &c., and Three or Four other Libels.
2nd edit, enlarged. [By Sir Roger L'Estrange.] Lond.,
1679."
" Seasonable Advice to all true Protestants in England
in this present Posture of Affairs. Discerning the pre-
sent Designs of the Papists, with other remarkable Things,
tending to the Peace of the Church, and the Security of
the Protestant Religion. By a Sincere Lover of his King
and Country. 4to. Lond., 1679."
" A Seasonable Memorial in some Historical Notes
upon the Liberties of the Press and Pulpit, with the
Effects of Popular Petitions, Tumults, Associations, Im-
postures, and disaffected Common Councils. To all good
Subjects and true Protestants. 4to. Lond., 1680." [By
Sir Roger L'Estrange, partly in favour of the succession of
the Duke of York]
" Three Great Questions concerning the Succession,
and the Danger of Popery. Fully examined in a Letter
to a Member of the present Parliament. 4to. 1680."
" The True Protestant Subject, or the Nature and
Rights of Sovereignty discussed and stated. Addressed
to the Good People of England. 4to. Lond., 1680."
" A Seasonable Address to both Houses of Parliament
concerning the Succession, the Fears of Popery, and Ar-
bitrary Government. 4to. 1681."
" A Conference about the next Succession to the Crown
of England. By R. Doleman. Reprinted, 1681."
" The Case of Protestants in England under a Popish
Prince, if any shall happen to wear the Imperial Crown.
4to. 1681."
" Loyalty asserted, in Vindication of the Oath of Al-
legiance. 8vo. 1681."
" A Dialogue between the Pope and a Phanatic con-
cerning Affairs in England. By a Hearty Lover of his
Prince and Country. 4to. Lond., 1681."'
" Ursa Major et Minor, shewing that there is no such
Fear as is factiously pretended of Popery and Arbitrary
Power. Lond., 1681."
" No Protestant Plot, or the present pretended Con-
spiracy of Protestants against the King and Government
discovered to be a Conspiracy of the Papists against the
King and his Protestant Subjects. (By Antony Ashley
Cooper, Earl of Shaftesbury.) 4to. Lond., 1681."
" A Letter to a Friend containing certain Observations
upon some Passages which have been published in a late
Libel, intituled, The Third Part of No Protestant Plot ;
and which do relate to the Kingdom of Ireland. 4to.
Lond., 1682."
" Last Efforts of Afflicted Innocence ; being an Account
of the Persecution of the Protestants of France, and a
Vindication of the Reformed Religion from the Aspersions
of Disloyalty and Rebellion charged on it by the Papists,
translated from the French by W. Vaughan. 1682."
" The Loyalty of Popish Principles examined in answer
to a late Book entitled ' Stafford's Memoirs.' By Robert
Hancock. 4to. Lond., 1682."
" The Judgment of an Anonymous Writer concerning
these following particulars : 1. A Law for Disabling a
Papist to Inherit, the Crown, &c. &c. The second edition,
4to. Lond. 1684."
This was first published in 1674 under a dif-
ferent title : see Biographia Britannica, Suppl.,
p. 95., n. D. Dr. Geo. Hickes was the writer.
" The Royal Apology, or Answer to the Rebel's Plea,
wherein the anti-monarchical Tenents, first published by
Doleman the Jesuit, to promote a Bill of Exclusion against
King James. Secondly, practised by Bradshaw and the
Regicides in the actual Murder of King Charles the 1st.
Thirdly, republished by Sidney and the Associators to
Depose and Murder his Present Majesty, are distinctly
considered. With a Parallel between Doleman, Brad-
shaw, Sidney, and other of the True Protestant Party.
4to. Lond., 1684."
Watt ascribes this work to Sir R. L'Estrange as
well as to Assheton.
" The Apostate Protestant. A Letter to a Friend, oc-
casioned by the late reprinting of a Jesuit's Book about
Succession to the Crown of England, pretended to have
been written by R. Doleman. By Edw. Pelling. 4to.
Lond., 1685."
The first edition was published in 1682. As-
cribed by Watt to Sir R. L'Estrange also.
" Remarks upon the reflections of the Author of Popery
misrepresented, &c., on his Answerer ; particular!}' as to
the deposing Doctrine, &c. &c. By Mr. Abednego Seller.
4to. 1086."
" Poperv anatomized ; or the Papists cleared from the
false Imputations of Idolatry and Rebellion. 4to. 1686."
"An Answer of a Minister of the Church of England to
a Seasonable and Important Question proposed to him by
a loyal and religious Member of the present House of
Commons, viz., What Respect ought the true Sons of the
Church of England in point of Conscience and Christian
24
NOTES AND QUERIES.
O* S. N 28., JULY 12. '56.
Prudence to hear to the Religion of that Church, whereof
the King is a Member. 4to. Lond., 1687."
" How the Members 6f the Church of England ought
to behave themselves under a Roman Catholic King, with
reference to the Test and Penal Laws. By a Member of
the same-Church. 12mo. Lond., 1687."
" The True Test of the Jesuits, or the Spirit of that
Society disloyal to God, their King, and Neighbour. 4to.
Amsterdam, 1688."
" The Jesuits' Reasons Unreasonable. Or Doubts pro-
posed to the Jesuits upon their Paper presented to Seven
Persons of Honour for Non-Exception from the common
favour voted to Catholics. 4to. 1688."
" The True Spirit of Popery, or the treachery and
cruelty of the Papists exercised against Protestants in all.
ages and countries when Popery hath the upper hand.
4to. 1688."
" An Impartial Query for Protestants, viz. Can Good
come out of Galilee, or can a Popish Ruler propagate the
Reformed Religion. 4to. 1688."
" The Obligation resulting from the Oath of Supremacy
to assist and defend the Prerogative of the Dispensative
Power belonging- to the King. Fol. 1688."
"Allen's (Will, alias Col. Titus) Killing no Murder,
proving it lawful to kill a Tyrant. 4to. 1689."
" Ascham's (Anthony) Seasonable Discourse of what is
lawful during the Confusions and Revolutions of Go-
vernment. 4to. 1689."
First published in 1649.
"Brutus (Junius) Vindiciae contra Tyrannos; or, a
Defence of Liberty against Tyrants, or of the Prince over
the People, and of the People over the Prince, translated.
4to. 1689."
The translation was first published in 1648.
The original is by some ascribed to Hubert Lan-
guet, by others to Theodore Beza. It was trans-
lated by Walker, the presumed executioner of
Charles I.
" Sidney Redivivus, or the Opinion of the late Colonel
Sidney as to Civil Government. 4to. 1689."
See tracts relative to the Revolution in 1688.
BlBLIOTHECAR. CHETHAM.
SERJEANTS' RINGS: MR. JUSTICE PRICE.
I was in hopes this subject would have been
continued (vide 1 st S. v. 563.), and that as correct
a list as could possibly be obtained from your nu-
merous correspondents would have appeared in
your valuable columns long ere this. As a small
contribution towards so desirable an object, I beg
to hand you the following motto selected by Robert
Price, Esq., of Foxley, co. Hereford, for his pre-
sentation rings on being made serjeant-at-law in
1702:
" Regina et Lege gaudet Britannia."
As a note to the foregoing, the following par-
ticulars of this excellent judge may not prove un-
interesting. He was made attorney-general for
South Wales in 1682, and elected an alderman of
the city of Hereford. Sat in the remarkable par-
liament of the same year when the Act of Exclu-
sion was brought in, against which he voted. In
1683, Recorder of Radnor. After the death of
Charles II., in 1684, was steward to her majesty
Catherine, the queen-dowager. Elected town
clerk for the city of Gloucester in 1685. King's
counsel at Ludlow, under James II., in 1686. In
1695, he strenuously and successfully opposed the
exorbitant grant which the king, William III.,
proposed to confer on his favourite, the Earl of
Portland. In 1702, was made one of the Barons
of the Exchequer ; in which Court he presided
nearly a quarter of a century. And on the death
of Mr. Justice Dormer in 1726, he succeeded him
in the Court of Common Pleas, where he presided
till his death, which took place at Kensington on
Feb. 2, 1732, in his seventy-ninth year. He was
buried at Yazor, in the county of Hereford.
What relation was he to the present Sir Robert
Price, Bart,, of Foxley in that county ?
J. B. WHITBORNE.
PLAT BY ST. PAUL'S BOYS AT GREENWICH, 1527.
In his recently-published History of England,
Mr, Froude makes an extract from an old MS.,
which he introduces in a manner that would lead
to the belief that it had never before been pub-
lished.
It had been used by Mr. Collier in the Amdls
of the Stage, and connected by him with the same
passage from Hall. With those unacquainted with
the fact, Mr. Froude's language might deprive
Mr. Collier of some of the praise that belongs
to him for the compilation of his extraordinary
book, which, while it is the evidence of his wonder-
ful industry, is also its best monument.
His History of England bears unmistakeable
evidence of truthfulness, but unfriendly critics
might say that in this case Mr, Froude has shown
a want of candour.
As I cannot think it such, I would place the
coincidence on record in " N. & Q.," that a future
misunderstanding may be avoided.
At p. 62. vol. i., Mr. Froude says :
<i As I desire in this chapter not only to relate what
were the habits of the people, but to illustrate them also,
within such compass as I can allow myself, I shall tran-
scribe out of Hall a description of a play which was acted
by the boys of St. Paul's School in 1527, at Greenwich,
adding some particulars, not mentioned by Hall, from
another source.* . . .
Here follows the passage from Hall, at the con-
clusion of which Mr. Froude continues :
" So far Hall relates the scene, but there was more in
the play than he remembered, or cared to notice, and /
am able to complete this curious picture of a pageant once
* The Personages, Dresses, and Properties of a Mystery
Play, acted at Greenwich, by Command of Henry VIII.
Rolls House MS.
S. NO 28., JULY 12. J 56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
25
really and truly a living spectacle in the old Palace at
Greenwich, by an inventory of the dresses worn by the
boys, and a list of the dramatis persona.
" The schoolboys of St. Paul's were taken down the
river with the master in six boats, at the cost of a shilling
a boat ; the cost of the dresses and the other expenses
amounting in all to sixty-one shillings. The characters
were,
" An orator in apparel of cloth of gold.
" Religio, Ecclesia, Veritas, like three widows, in gar-
ments of silk, and suits of lawn and cypress.
" Heresy and False Interpretation, like sisters of Bo-
hemia, apparelled in silk of divers colours.
" The heretic Luther, like a party friar in russet da-
mask and black taffety.
" Luther's wife, like a frow of Spiers in Almayn, m red
silk," &c.
At p. 107. vol. i. of the Annals of the Stage,
published five-and-twenty years ago, Mr. Collier
thus introduces the same passage :
"The original account by Richard Gibson, in his own
writing, giving a variety of' details regarding this extra-
ordinary exhibition, is now in my hands* ; and although
he was evidently an illiterate man, and wrote a bad hand,
and although the paper is considerably worm-eaten, the
whole is legible and intelligible We after-
wards arrive at the following enumeration and description
of the singular characters in this remarkable interlude :
" The kyng's plessyer was that at the sayd revells by
clerks in the latyn long schoulld be playd in hys hy
presens a play, where of insewethe the naames. First a
Orratur in apparell of golld : a Poyed (Poet) in apparell
of cloothe of golld : Relygyun, Ecclesia, Verritas, lyke iij
nowessys (novices) in garments of syllke, and vayells of
laun and sypers (cypress) : Errysy (Heresy) Falls-inter-
prytacyun, Corupcyoscryptoriis, lyke ladys of Beem (Bo-
hemia ?) inperelld in garments of syllke of dyvers kolours :
the erry tyke Lewter (Luther) lyke a party freer (friar) in
russet damaske and blake taffata : Lewter's wyef (wife)
like a frow of Spyers in Allmayn, in red syllke, &c. &c. .
" It. payd by me Rychard Gybson, for vj boots (boats)
lo karry the Master of Powlls Skooll and the chyldyrn as
well hoom as to the Kourt to every boot I2d. ; so payd
for frayght for the chyldyrn 6s."
C.M.
Leicester.
ILLUSTRATIONS OF MACAULAY.
Unpublished Letter of Judge Jeffryes. The
publication of Macaulay's History of England has
drawn much attention to the actors in the events
of the era of the Revolution. The following let-
ter was sent by this judge of infamous memory to
the Mayor of Preston, on the subject of the sur-
render of the municipal charter of that ancient
borough in the latter portion of the reign of
Charles II. The charter was regranted. It
would appear that the judge was an adept in the
" soft sawder " Line :
* The official copy of it, made out from Gibson's rough
draught, and signed by Sir Henry Guildford (as Comp*
troller of the Household) and by Gibson, is in the
Chapter-House, Westminster.
" I rec d yours with an accompt of yo r comunicating my
last to yo r Brethren, and I am shure nothing I sayd
therein could be more pleasing to any of you then my
being in condicon to doe you any act of Service or ffriend-
ship is to me and as a Testimony of my Sincerity therein
I shall for y e pnt and as long as I live give you y best
assistance I am capable off nor shall yo r Corporation be
any wayes Injured in any of your priviledges if I can
prevent. In my last I hinted to you y e most pper time
for your attendance upon his Sacred Ma tie and shall
hasten y e Confirmation of your Chart 1 with as much ease
both of Charge and Trouble as possible can be. His
Ma tie has again cdmanded me to take an especiall Care on
your behalf, and y* you may find y e efferts of his Gratious
acceptance of yo r unanimous and loyall submission to his
Royall pleasure by his bounty in yo* r next Chart 1 , and so
I wish you and all your Brethren all happiness, and
remain, "
S r ,
Your most ffaithful ffriend and
" Oblidged serv*,
GEO. JEFFRYES.
London, Sept 29th, 84."
The superscription is,
"For
James Ashton, Esq., Mayor
of Preston att Preston in
Lancashere."
PRESTONIENS18.
The Crystal Palace and the Monuments of the
Templars and Freemasons of the Middle Ages.
At a time when the very sinews of nations are
strained to erect buildings amongst heaps of
ledgers, cash-books, &c., we forget that those far
superior Minsters of the Middle Ages are owing
to a secret association, the Lodges and Bauhiitten
of whom had nothing at their command but en-
thusiasm and self-devotion to a great cause. Their
archives and banners (rouge, blanc, bleu !) vanished
with the men who possessed them ; still, they left
their mystical emblems on the stupendous edifices
of their creation. It was also the Knights Templars
who extorted from John Plantaganet the Magna
Charta a possession far exceeding anything ob-
tained during the six hundred years following.
Such an order of men, and its imprints and monu-
ments, deserve a place in any art or architectural
collection, which lays claim to even comparative
completeness. There exists in a not large but
charming Templar church at Schdngrabern
(Grave-beauty !) in Austria, a series of alto-
relievos representing the very rites and mysteries
of the old Knights Templars, which Hammer has
figured in his Mines cT Orient. They are perfectly
well preserved, as the building lying somewhat
aside the high road escaped the ravages of bigoted
Vandalism. Models of these most curious rites
and mysteries, together with similar representa-
tions, probably existing on some ancient buildings
26
NOTES AND QUERIES.
o 28., JULY 12. '56.
of France, England, &c., would form an interest-
ing series, illustrating the history of those builders
and artists, whose works all our boasted but jejune
and formal skill has not yet surpassed.
P. S. The name of the sculptor under Goethe's
jouth-bust in the Crystal Palace ought to be*Trip-
pel and not Frippel. J. LOTSKY, Panslave.
Inscription. In the Harl, MS. 6894. (p. 91.),
occurs the following ungallant couplet :
" On the atchievement of a marriect'Lady deceased at
Stanmore Magna, Middlesex :
" Satis mihi propitius est Deus,
Quod ego adhuc superstes sum."
" God has to me sufficiently been kind,
To take my wife, and leave me here behind."
J. Y.
Concert for Horses.
" The eccentric Lord Holland of the reign of William
III. used to give his horses a weekly concert in a covered
gallery specially erected for the purpose. He maintained
that it cheered their hearts, and improved their temper,
and an eye-witness says that ' they seemed to be greatly
delighted therewith.' " Stray Leaves from the Book of
Nature.
R. W. HACKWOOD.
Funeral Expenses. Funeral expenses, 100
years ago, were very different from what they are
now. I give you two accounts of some Quaker
ancestors of mine, buried at that time :
The funeral expenses of Edward Halsey, June
9, 1751, his wife executrix, as per bill, cost 37/.
He died in London, and buried at Wandsworth.
Twelve glass-coaches and six hackney coaches
followed.
The funeral expenses of John Smith, Esq., of
Stock well House, Surrey, July 23, 1757, cost
17/. 11*. Five glass-coaches followed, his son,
Daniel Smith, executor.
Mourning coaches were not allowed by Quakers,
neither black habiliments, but everything new was
put on at that time. JULIA R. BOCKETT.
Southcote Lodge.
" To call a spade a spade" Some of your cor-
respondents are doubtless able to trace this ex-
pression, if not to its origin, to a much earlier
period than I am in the following writers.* Baxter,
in his Narrative of the most Memorable Passages
of his Life and Times, 1696, thus introduces it:
" I have a strong natural inclination to speak of every
subject just as it is, and to call a spade a spade, and verba
rebus optare, so as that the thing spoken of may befulliest
known by the words, which methinks is part of our
speaking truly. But I unfeignedly confess that it is
fault}', because imprudent."
This is the pnssage referred to by Mr. Blunt in
his posthumous work, Duties of the Parish Priest.
[* See our 1 st S. iv. 274. 456.-, for some earlier instances
of the use of this saying.]
A later writer of a very different school to
Baxter Dr. Arbuthnot in his Dissertations
upon the Art of Selling Bargains, says :
" In the native region of our itinerant salesman, there
is an immemorial prescription for calling a spade a spade ;
they are not over curious in using circumlocutions or
other figurative modes of speech, but choose rather to ex-
press themselves in the most plain and proper words of
their Mother-Tongue."
Swift is quoted as using this expression, but I
have no reference to the particular passage in his
writings where it may be found.
Ray has given this amongst his Proverbial
Phrases, but without a comment. J. H. M.
Inscriptions on Houses. In the village of Ax
mouth, Devon, the houses are for the most part
built of small stone or of cob ; but the chimney-
stacks are carefully constructed of cut stone, and
form the most elaborate and ornamented portion
of the edifice.
A few minutes' leisure enabled me to copy the
following inscriptions carved on the chimney tops,
and from a glance at the character of the farm-
houses visible from the road, I have no doubt
but that such records are characteristic of the dis-
trict. Any of your correspondents who may love
the secluded nooks where beauty nestles and an-
tiquity lingers, may find occupation here.
On a house whose windows are deeply embayed
in flourishing myrtle, is the following :
"ANNO BRITANNICO
ILLO
MlRABILIS,
1641."
On another at the entrance of the village :
1570.
GOD GIVETH ALL."
S. R. PATTISON.
1. Lincoln's Inn Fields.
Toledo Blades. I send the marks and inscrip-
tions upon the few examples I possess of these
blades. On a flamboyant dagger of the seven-
teenth century :
f + + + EN TOLEDO + +
On faulchion of the sixteenth century :
\ ' IVAN \ ' MARTINES * EN TOLEDO \
\ IN TE DOMINE _' ESPERAVI \ .
On flamboyant rapier :
X EN TOLEDO X
and the figure of a heart.
On rapier : on one side
EE *NT#O*L*E#D*O***
on the other
*
T#V*N*O*D*E#*
*
I have used Roman capitals, as it is not to be
S. NO 28., JULY 12. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
27
expected that "N". & Q." could reproduce the
semi-gothic forms of the original characters.
W. J. BEKNHARD SMITH.
Temple.
BAWSONS OF FRYSTON, YORKSHIRE, LONDON AND
ESSEX; ALURED OR AVEREY AS A CHRISTIAN
NAME ; SIR JOHN RAWSON PRIOR OF KILMAIN-
HAM AND AFTERWARDS VISCOUNT CLONTARFF.
(2 nd S. i. 452.)
Since writing these Notes and Queries I have
found or been furnished with answers to some of
the latter, but first I must correct an error in my
Notes. The family name of Isabella, wife of
Richard Rawson, the sheriff of London in 1476,
was not Trafford, but Craford.
One of her sons, John, mentioned in her will
as a knight of Rhodes, bore two coats quarterly :
the first is, parted per fess undee, sa. and az. a
castle with 4 towers arg. (Rawson) ; the second
is, Or, on a chevron, vert, 3 ravens heads erased,
arg. (Craford), ensigned all over with a chief
gules, and thereon a cross of the third. (Gwillhn's
Display of Heraldry, p. 435.)
This Sir John Rawson was elected Prior of
Kilmainham in 1511, and by order of King Henry
VIII. was sworn of the Privy Council of Ireland.
In 1517 he was Lord Treasurer of that kingdom.
In 1526, on the request of King Henry VIII. to
the Grand Master, he was appointed Turcopolier
of the Order of Knights of St. John, which office
he exchanged with Sir John Babington for the dig-
nity of Prior of Ireland, and in 33rd Henry VIII.
he surrendered the Priory of Kilmainham to the
king, obtaining a pension of 500 marks out of the
estates of the hospital, and as he had sate in the
Irish House of Lords as Prior of Kilmainham, he
exchanged his spiritual dignity for a temporal
peerage, being created Viscount Clontarff. (Query
if for life only.)
This title became extinct in 1560; I presume
upon his death : but he is said to have left a
daughter, Catherine, married to Rowland Whyte,
second Baron of the Exchequer. (Notices of
Babingtons, Knts. of St. John, Gentleman's Mag.
for June, 1856, p. 564. Archdall's Monasticon
Hibernicum, title Kilmainham.)
The names of Alured and Averey are identical.
See "Charters of Marrigg Abbey" (Collectanea
Topographica et Genealogica, vol. v. p. 246. et
seq.) as to Alvered or Averye Uvedale.
Mr. Hunter in his History of the Deanery of
Doncaster, gives a pedigree of the Rawson s of
Bessacar Grange, from the Visitations of 1563,
1585, and ]612, wherein Henry Rawson of Bes-
sacar Grange, Averey Rawson, and Christopher
Rawson, appear to have been sons of James Raw-
son of Fryston ; and he says that Henry Rawson,
in his will, dated May 12, 1500, mentions his
brothers, Averey and Christopher Rawson, mer-
chants in London ; but Averey and Christopher
Rawson were undoubtedly sons of Richard Raw-
son, the sheriff, as appears from the wills of their
father and mother, and that of Christopher ; and,
therefore, unless there were two Avereys and two
Christophers merchants in London at the same
time, there must be an error in the pedigree;
and it is probable that Henry Rawson of Bessacar,
and his brothers, Averey and Christopher, sons of
Richard Rawson, were not sons, but nephews or
grandsons of James Rawson, of Fryston.
I am still desirous of knowing
1. In what part of Essex the Crafords (not
Traffords) were seated.
2. The place of interment of Dr. Richard Raw-
son, Archdeacon of Essex, and Dean of Windsor,
ob. 1543, if any monument remains of him, and a
reference to his will.
3. The like as to Sir John Rawson, Prior of
Kilmainham, and afterwards Viscount Clontarff,
ob. (as I presume) 1560.
4. Any further particulars of him or his de-
scendants, through his daughter, Catherine, wife
of Rowland Whyte.
5. Was that Rowland Whyte the Sir Rowland
Whytt, mentioned in Mr. Winthrop's List of
Knights of St. John (A 1528), in " N. & Q."
(1 st S. viii. 192.) ; and Sir Rowland Whyte, men-
tioned in Gentleman's Magazine, June, 1856,
p. 569., as having been appointed, with Sir James
Babington to the commandery of Swinfield, Kent.
The arms of Sir John Rawson as given by Gwil-
lim, i.e. Rawson and Craford quarterly, ensigned
over with the Cross of the Order of St. John,
were in one of the windows of Swingfield church.
(Hasted's Kent, vol. viii. (8vo.) p. 125.) Was he
buried there ?
6. The connexion between the present fami-
lies of Rawsons in Yorkshire and Lancashire, and
those of Fryston, Bessacar, London, and Essex
before mentioned, through the Rawsons of Shipley
or otherwise. G. R. C.
SMITHS "HISTORY OF KERRY.
I have two copies of this work, now a rare
book : one being so beautifully clean, and in such
good condition, that I was tempted to secure it
either for myself or some friend. I have said
" copies," but they are not strictly so, the title
of my old, but fine copy, being :
" The Antient and Present State of the County of
Kerry. Being a Natural, Civil, Ecclesiastical, Historical,
and Topographical Description thereof. Illustrated with
Remarks made on the Baronies, Parishes, Towns, Vil-
lages, Seats, Mountains, Rivers, Harbours, Bays, Roads,
Medicinal Waters, Fossils, Animals, and Vegetables;
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
[2d S. NO 28., JULY 12. '56.
with useful Notes and Observations, on the further Im-
provement of this part of Ireland. Embellished with a
large Map of the Countv from an actual Survey ; a Per-
spective View of the Lake of Killarney, and other Plates.
Undertaken with the Approbation of the Physico-His-
torical Society. By Charles Smith, Author of the Natural
and Civil Histories of the Counties of Cork and Water-
ford." Then a Latin motto from Pliny, which it is not
here necessary to give, followed by " Dublin: printed
for the Author, and sold by Messrs. Ewing, Faulkner,
Wilson, and Exshaw, MDCCLVI."
The title of my later purchase is
" The Ancient and Present State of the County of
Kerry. Containing a Natural, Civil, Ecclesiastical, His-
torical and Topographical Description thereof. By Charles
Smith, M.D., Author of the Natural and Civil Histories
of the Counties of Cork and Waterford " Then the same
quotation from Pliny as- on the other title-page, after
which a vignette of the Irish harp, between two branches,
followed by " Dublin : printed for the Author."
Facing this latter title is a portrait of " C. Smith,
M.D.," the author. The books are in all other
respects the same, except that the " contents' "
leaf is placed before the "dedication" in the copy
lately obtained ; but the paging settles this.
I have seen several copies of Smith's Kerry,
and I do not remember that any of them had the
portrait except two my own and one other.
Can any one explain for me, why the title-pages
of my two copies are different ? and why one has
the portrait, which the other has not ? Has the
second title, above given (without date, as will
have been observed), been substituted for the
original one, and the portrait added by some
bookseller after the first publication of the work ?
R.H.
BIBCHS "LIVES.
Wishing to ascertain the relative value and
estimation of a particular edition of Birch's
Lives of Illustrious Men, with portraits by Hou-
braken and Vertue, I have consulted such biblio-
graphical works on the subject as were within my
reach, and am surprised to find them generally so
unsatisfactory.
Lowndes mentions the edit. Lond. 1743, 52 pi.,
two vols., saying that two hundred copies were
struck off on large paper, viz. one hundred before,
and one hundred after the small paper copies.
Also, that an edition, with retouched impressions
of the plates, appeared in 1813, on small and large
paper.
Dibdin, in his Library Companion, says that in
1743 came forth in one magnificent folio volume
Dr. Birch's Heads of Illustrious Persons, but does
not mention the second volume in 1752. In a
subsequent note he describes the edition of 1756 ;
he doubts as to there being three sorts of paper,
small, royal, and imperial, as noticed by Brunet.
Dr. Kippis, Biogr. Brit^ article " Birch," says
the first volume of this work, which came out in
numbers, was completed in 1747, and the second
in 1752.
Brunet gives the edition 1743-52, two torn, in
one. He calls the edition of 1756 the second
edition, in which the plates are generally chiffres,
which those of the first edition are not.
De Bure gives only the edition of London,
1756.
Now this appears a loose and imperfect account
of this celebrated publication, since none of these
bibliographers, except Dr. Kippis, appear to men-
tion the edition which I have before me, viz.
Lond. 1747, two Vols. in one, and which may
properly be considered as the second edition as
far as relates to the letter-press for that, no
doubt, as Dibdin mentions, was several times re-
printed, but the plates in my copy are, I conceive,
of the first impression.
I should be glad to receive a more precise and
full account of the several editions of this work,
and to learn whether there is any material differ-
ence between them in the estimation of book col*
lectors. E. G.
Jffitturr
Admission of Foreigners to Corporation Honours.
A CITIZEN or EDINBURGH desires information on
the point as to whether a foreigner not natu-
ralised by Act of Parliament, or otherwise, can
receive the freedom of a city or other munici-
pality in this country. The question is suggested
by tne fact of the freedom of the city of Edin-
burgh having been conferred on Dr. D'Aubigne,
the historian of the Reformation, during a visit
made to Scotland recently by that distinguished
and estimable man.
Crests and Mottoes. The subjoined extract,
from the National Index to the Harl. Mis. (vol. ii.
p. 43.), suggests a question not undeserving the
attention of your correspondents versed in he*
raldry :
" Num. 1422., art. 16. Arms (mostly without crests)
given in the time of Henry 5 ; and since, in the reigns of
Henry 6^, Edward 4 th , Richard 3 rd , Henry 7, and Henry
8s &c. &c,"
Without assuming or denying the fact, that
occasionally arms were granted during the period
of those reigns without crests, it is but a reason-
able question to ask why many coats do not pos-
sess the usual, and frequently the most significant
additions of a crest ?
The same Query may be extended to the motto,
or rather the omission of a cherished sentence or
abbreviated allusion to some event sought to be
recorded, and interesting to the bearer's family.
The omission, in both instances, is not to be
doubted ; but, whether station in society, merit,
services, or pecuniary considerations bad any in-
2nd g. NO 28., JULY 12. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
29
fluence on the matter, is the question to which an
explanatory reply is requested.
HENRY DAVENEY.
Christian Names. What is the meaning of the
practice which prevails in the United States, of
inserting between a man's Christian name and
surname a letter of the alphabet ? ^ Is this part of
his baptismal name, and the initial of a second
Christian name, or the name itself? It seems
that in our own country a letter may be, and
sometimes is, a good name of baptism. In the
case of The Queen v. Dale, 17 Queen's Bench
Reports^ p. 66., Lord Campbell, C. J., said, with
reference to an objection that the name of a
person mentioned in a declaration was not stated
in full :
I do not see that there is any reason for supposing
that the magistrate's actual name is not ' J. H. Harper.'
There is no doubt that a vowel may be a good Christian
name ; why not a consonant ? I have been informed by
a gentleman of the bar, sitting here, on whose accuracy
we can rely, that he knows a lady who was baptized by
the name of ' D.' Why may not a gentleman as well be
baptized by a consonant? "
F
Medal of Charles I. and Henrietta Maria. I
have in my possession an oval silver medal, with
the head of Charles I. on one side, and on the
other that of Henrietta his queen. This medal is
said to have been made from the plate melted up
by the nobility and gentry for the king's service,
and to have been worn as a badge of loyalty. It
has a small ring at each end, as if to sew it on to
the hat or coat. Can any of the readers of " N.
& Q." give me any information respecting it ?
G. H. C. (A Subscriber.)
Passports. In the case of the present dis-
turbed state of feeling betwixt this country and
the United States, the word passports occurs. It
may be worth while to inquire what this means,
and whether it is not a mere meaningless term,
borrowed from another and different domestic
policy than obtains in the one case and the other.
In Russia of France, for example, a passport is
necessary in order that one may be entitled to
enter the country, and I assume the same autho-
risation is necessary in leaving. But in the United
Kingdom and in the States, locomotion is free to
everybody whatever, not detained in a regular
way as a criminal or debtor. What is free to a
private party is certainly no less the right of an
ambassador. Still, as the word passports is used,
I would be glad if some of your correspondents
would explain what it means in the specific case
indicated. SCOTUS.
Greek and Queen Elizabeth. Hallam (citing
Peck's Desiderata Curiosa, p. 270.) notes it as a
mark of the revival of the English Universities,
that at Cambridge an address was delivered to
Elizabeth in Greek verse, to which she returned
an answer in the same language. This was in
1564. Is this account a mistaken tradition of the
following, or are we to say that two Greek ad-
dresses are on record ?
To a small edition (London, 1669, 12mo.) of
the Parcenesis of Isocrates is appended (without
date) a speech in Greek made to Queen Elizabeth
at Trinity College by Doddington, the Greek
Professor. It is added that there might not be
too many fly- leaves ; as appears by the heading,
" Ne post terminum immodica esset vacatio, en tibi"
The speech follows, in Greek and Latin ; after
which comes a Latin address, informing the Queen
that her humble servants are ready to repeat in
Latin what had just been said in Greek. To this
she answered : " Ego intelligo, non est opus, 'Aw-
yiv&ffKoi V/J.WV T)\V efootavi " unless indeed the Latin
be the editor's translation of the Queen's Greek,
in which case she must be supposed to have spoken
very satirically of their kind offer to translate.
JM.
Norfolk Clergymen suspended. It is commonly
believed in various parts of Norfolk that some
years ago, in that county, a clergyman was sus-
pended from exercising the functions of his office
for having in the pulpit offered to bet upon a
certain black dog which had unluckily and pro-
fanely selected the holy edifice for a ring in which
to fijjht a pitched battle with another of the canine
species of some other colour. The tale is exceed-
ingly improbable, and is rendered more so by
the fact, that to my knowledge at least a dozen
clergymen in different parishes have received the
benefit of having this profane act attributed to
them ; but as I have not unfrequently come in
contact with persons who declare that the circum-
stance came under their own personal observation,
I should be glad if some of your Norfolk corre-
spondents would inform me whether there is any
small moiety of truth in the report, or whether it
is an entire fabrication belonging to the domain
of myths, being, to use a Norfolk expression,
" made out of whole stuff."
G. SEXTON, M.D., F.R.G.S.
Kennington Cross.
Remote Traditions through few Links.
" In the fifteenth century King James I. (of Scotland)
met with an old lady who remembered Wallace and
Bruce, and he inquired eagerly about their personal ap-
pearance. She told him that Bruce was a man of noble,
admirable appearance, and that no man of his day could
compete with him in strength. But she added, that so
far as Bruce excelled all the other men of his time, so far
did Wallace excel Bruce in strength."
The preceding extract is from a speech by Sheriff
Bell at a meeting at Stirling for a monument to
the memory of Sir W. Wallace, reported in The
Times, June 30, 1856.
Probably some of your correspondents will be
30
NOTES AND QUERIES. r>i s. NO 28., JULY 12. '56.
able to give Sheriff Bell's authority for the state-
ment, as well as the " old lady's " name, age, and
history. I do not remember her being quoted in
your interesting collection of remote traditions
through few intermediate links. R C.
Davis the Almanac Maker. In my wander-
ings among the churches and churchyards of our
merry England, in the autumn of last year, I paid
a short visit to the parish of Priors Marston, in
the county of Warwick, where the village school-
master was my. cicerone ; and, finding I was in
search of the curious, he called my attention to
an inscription on a flat stone between the high
pews in a side aisle, which, from the darkness of
the place, would have escaped my observation ;
but here it is :
"In Memory of
MR. RICHARD DAVIS,
An Eminent Scholar*,
Could make Almanacks,
Who died 10* Ocf, 1793,
Aged 85 years.
The stone-mason appears to have committed a
most grievous error in cutting the inscription, by
the omission of that which was evidently the most
important portion of it ; for the line " * Could
make Almanacks" is cut at the foot of the stone,
with an asterisk at the end of " Scholar" pointing
thereto, which omission, if not duly corrected,
would probably have consigned the reputation of
the deceased in this curious art to oblivion. As
it is not so long since this venerable gentleman
was gathered to his fathers, it may be hoped that
some of your correspondents may be able to give
us an account of his life, and whether he really
was the maker of any of the Almanacs of the
period in which he lived. J. B. WHITBORNE.
"Chimara" Can nny of your readers name
the author of a short poem, in four stanzas, called
" The ChiniEera," the first stanza of which I sub-
join ? It was copied, several years ago, from a
novel, the title of which was not preserved :
" I dreamed one morn a waking dream,
Brighter than slumbers are,
Of wandering where the planets gleam,
Like an unsphered star.
Round a Chimaera's yielding neck
With grasping hands I clung ;
No need of spur, no fear of check,
Those fields of air among."
STYLITES.
" Rebukes for Sin"
" Rebukes for Sin by God's Burning Anger : by the
Burning of London : by the Burning of the World : by
the Burning of the Wicked in Hell -Fire. To which is
added, A Short Discourse of Heart-Fixedness, as a Means
against Perplexing Fears in Times of Danger : occasioned
by the General Distractions of the Present Times. By
T. D. London : printed, and are to be sold by Dorman
Newman, at the Chyrurgeons' Arms in Little Britain,
67."
near the Hospital, 1C
Who was T. D. ?
ANON.
dhtertetf font!)
John Hollybush. I shall be much obliged by
any one informing me, through your pages, who
was Jhon Hollybush. I have a folio, bound up
with my Turner's Herbal and Battles in England,
bearing this title :
" A most Excellent and Perfecte Homish Apothecarye,
or homely Physicke Booke, for all the Grefes and Disea'ses
of the Bodye. Translated out of the Almaine Speche in
English, by Jhon Hollybush. Imprinted at Collen, bv
Arnold Birckman, in the yeare of our Lord 1561."
Miles Coverdale translated the New Testament
out of the Latin, and it was published in 1538
(2nd edit.), and its title-page states it is " fayth-
fullye translated by Johan Hollybushe." Had
Coverdale anything to do with translating the
Homish Apothecarye ? G. W. J.
[John Hollybushe was an assistant of James Nichol-
son, printer in Southwark, who seems afterwards to have
settled at Cologne. Tt is quite certain that Coverdale had
nothing to do with the publication of the Homish Apothe-
carye. The history of the edition of the New Testament
bearing the name of Hollybushe is somewhat curious. In
the early part of 1538 Nicholson proposed to print Cover-
dale's translation and the Vulgate in parallel columns ;
and previously to the bishop setting off for Paris, he had
written a dedication to Henry VIII., trusting to Nichol-
son's care for the correcting of the press. When the book
came out it was so incorrectly executed that the bishop
immediately disowned it, and brought out at Paris, in
December, 1538, a more correct edition. In his dedi-
cation to Lord Cromwell he says, "Truth it is that this
last Lent I did, with all humbleness, direct an epistle
unto the King's most noble Grace, trusting that the book,
whereunto it was prefixed, should afterwards have been
as well correct as other books be. And because I could
not be present myself, by the reason of sundry notable
impediments, therefore inasmuch as the New Testament,
which I had set forth in English before, doth so agree
with the Latin, I was heartily well content that the Latin
and it should be together: Provided alway that the cor-
rector should follow the true copy of the Latin in any
wise, and to keep the true and right English of the same.
And so doing, I was content to set my name to it: and
even so I did ; trusting that though I were absent and out
of the land, yet all should be well. And, as God is my
record, I knew none other, till this last July, that it was
my chance here in these parts, at a stranger's hand, to
come by a copy of the said print : which, when I had
perused, I found that as it was disagreeable to my former
translation in English, so was not the true copy of the
Latin observed, neither the English so correspondent to
the same as it ought to be : but in manv places both base,
insensible, and clean contrary, not only to the phrase of
our language, but also from the understanding of the text
in Latin." (Gov. State Papers, vol. i. p. 591.) Nichol-
son the printer, wishing in some way to cover the loss he
had incurred, printed another edition, which was stated
in the title to be "Faythfullye translated by Jhon Holly-
bushe," to distinguish it from the previous edition. See
the Rev. Henry Walter's First Letter to the Bishop of
Peterborough, p. 31.; and Anderson's Annals of the En-
glish Bible, vol. ii. p. 36.]
Murdiston v. Millar. In an article on dogs in
Chambers's Miscellany, vol. i., and also in Sir
Walter Scott's notes to St. Jlonans Well, men-
2<i S. N 28., JULY 12.
NOTES AND QUERIES.
31
tion is made of a Scotch cause or trial, under the
name of " Murdiston v. Millar, in which a witness
gives some interesting evidence respecting the in-
stincts of animals, particularly of sheep. Is this
trial published ? and where can it be obtained ?
STYLITES.
[A lengthened notice of the, celebrated case of Murdis-
ton and Millar is given in BlackwoocTs Magazine, vol. ii.
p. 83., but without any intimation where the trial itself
is to be found.]
Grace Cups. Wb&t is the origin of "Grace
Cups ?" and where is any account to be found of
the one formerly possessed by Thomas a Becket ?
H. L. K.
[The pncuhnn charitatis, wassail-bowl, and grace-cup,
for promoting brotherly love, may be traced to the classi-
cal cup of the Greeks and Romans, called ayaflov Saifxovo?,
or boni genii, each of whom at their feasts invoked this
supposed deity at the time of drinking. The custom of
wassailing, or drinking healths, however, seems to have
been of German origin, and introduced into this country by
our Saxon ancestors ( Verstegan's Restitution of Decayed
Intelligence}. William of Malmesbury, describing the cus-
toms of Glastonbury soon after the Conquest, says, that
on particular days the monks had " Medonem in justis et
vinum in charitatem," Mead in their cans, and wine in
the grace-cup. The ivory cup, set in gold, popularly
called "The Grace-cup of St. Thomas k Becket," was for-
merly in the Arundelian Collection, and is now possessed
by Henry Howard, Esq.. of Corby Castle, to whom it was
presented by Bernard Edward, Duke of Norfolk. The in-
scription round the cup is "VINUM TUUM BIBTC CUM
GAUDIO," Drink thy wine with joy; but round the lid,
deeply engraved, is" the restraining injunction, " SOBRII
ESTOTE," with the initials " T. B." interlaced with a mitre.
Round the neck of the top is the name " GOD * FERARE."
It is engraved in the Antiquarian Repertory, vol. iii.
p. 179., and in Antiquarian Gleanings, by W. B. Scott, of
Newcastle. Mr John Gough Nichols (Pilgrimages to
Saint .Mary of Walsingham, p. 229.) says, that " this cup
was attributed to Becket from its bearing the initials
T. B. under a mitre ; but modern skill in archaeological
chronology has reduced it to a very different aera, for it
is really of the early part of the sixteenth century." See
also"N. &Q."l 8t S. i. 142.]
" How Commentators," frc. Whence is the quo-
tation :
" How commentators each dark passage shun,
And hold their farthing candles to the sun."
D.
[See Dr. Edward Young's Poems, Satire vn. line 97.]
Quotation wanted : " Knowledge and Wisdom"
I should be greatly obliged to any of your corre-
spondents who would inform me where the fol-
lowing passage is to be found ?
" Knowledge and Wisdom, far from being one,
Have oft times no connection :
The curious hand of Knowledge doth but pick
Bare simples. Wisdom pounds them for the sick.
In my affliction, Knowledge apprehends
Who is the author, what the cause and ends ;
To rest contented here is but to bring
Clouds without rain, and summer without spring," &c.
J. R. W.
[The first two lines are from Cowper's Task, book vi.
Francis Quarles is a claimant for what fol-
lines 88,
lows.]
MARRIOT THE GREAT EATEB.
(2 nd S. ii. 6.)
The readers of John Dunton's Life who have
made a note of MR. CUNNINGHAM'S communication
will, no doubt, think it worth while to add the
following particulars.
I have before me a copy of a little tract en-
titled :
The Grays Inn Greedy- Gut, or the surprising
Adventures of Mr. Marriott, the famous ^glutton,
with his receipts for many choice dishes. Glasgow :
Printed by William Duncan, and sold at his shop
at Gibson's Land, Mercat Cross, 1750.
This is little better than a chap-book, and its
contents are derived entirely from a 4to. tract of
forty or fifty closely-printed pages, a copy of which
is in the (old) Collection of King's Pamphlets in
the British Museum. Marriot having again be-
come a character of interest, I give the title at full
length :
The Great Eater of Grayes Inne, or the life
of Mr. Marriot the cormorant. Wherein is set
forth, all the Exploits and Actions by him per-
formed ; with many pleasant Stories of his Travells
into Kent and other places. Also, a rare physicall
dispensatory, being the manner how he makes his
Cordiatt Broaths, Pills, Purgations, Julips, and
Vomits, to keep his Body in temper, and free from
Surfeits. By G. F. Gent. London: W. Rey-
boulde, 1652.
This consists of a number,, of chapters devoted
to stories of his surprising feats of eating. It
is evidently written by some enemy of the Gray's
Inn Lawyer, for most of the anecdotes related
are not by any means flattering. In addition to
the sin of gormandising, we learn that Marriot
was apt to entertain himself rather at the ex-
pense of an unhappy friend or client than at
his own ; and if G. F. were not a slanderer, his
hero even at times carried his meanness to the
pitch of secreting some portions of the feast in his
sleeve, or in a bag which he carried with him.
In the " character " addressed to the reader the
author says :
" He loves Cook and Kitchin not so much for their law
as for their names' sake, and at Bacon his mouth waters."
And we have the following sketch of his exterior :
" He walks the street like Pontius Pilate in robes of
purple, but not like Dives in fine linen, for he holds shirts
unnecessary, and his cloaths are so ornamented with
patches, that many are buried alive in them,"
32
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[24 S. NO 28., JULY 12. '56.
The Gray's Inn Glutton may be well supposed
to have been annoyed by this publication, but
about the same time appeared, probably by the
same hand, another 4to. tract, entitled :
The English Mountebank : or, a Physical Dis-
pensatory, wherein is prescribed, many strange and
Excellent Receits of Mr. Marriot, the Great Eater
of Grays Inn, 6fc. With sundry Directions, 1. How
to make his Cordial Broath. 2. His pills to appease
hunger. 3. His strange Purgation ; never before
practised by any Doctor in England. 4. The
manner and reason why he swallows bullets and
stones. 5. How he orders his Baked Meat, or rare
Dish on Sundays. 6. How to make his new fashion
Fish-Broath. 7. How to make his Sallet for cool-
ing of the Blond. 8. How to make his new Dish,
called a Frigazee ; the operation whereof expels all
Sadness and Melancholy. By J. Marriot, of Grays
Inn, Gent. London: G. Norton, 1652.
Prefixed to this we have a full-length portrait
of Marriot, holding in one hand a large substance
of pumpkin shape, which I take, from the text>
to represent one of his "pills;" while on his arm
hang three sheep's heads, and Seven large hearts
of some animal no doubt his usual dinner al-
lowance. Out of his mouth issue the words,
"Behold the wonder of the age!" From the
spirit of this tract it is evident that the author's
motive was not honestly the advancement of the
culinary art : for old Marriot, whose name he im-
pudently affixes to it, figures in it in a manner
still farther calculated to irritate him. Let us
take as a specimen :
" How to make his pills to appease hunger, ordinarily car*
ried about him ;
" Take of rye meal 9 pound, of Chandler's graves
3 pound, of the Skimmings of honey one pound ; warm
water as much as will make it into Paste; then roll them
up into a dozen balls ; then put them into some boiling
broath, till they be thorough boiled; then set them to
cool : but beware that the dogs do not deceive you of
them, as they have done him oftentimes. The chief use
of these pills is for travelling ; for Mr. Marriot carried
always a dozen to Westminster in the Term time for
fear of fasting. His ordinary place for eating them was
in the dark place neer the Common Pleas Treasury ;
Avhere one might see him swallow these pills, as easily as
an ordinary man would do a gilt pill in the pap of an
apple."
How many of these characteristics of old Mar-
riot, the great eater, were really true, or how far
they were the invention of G. F. Gent, for the
gratification of private animosity, the world will
now probably never know. These attacks were
not, howevef , allowed to pass unnoticed. Your bon
vivant, rascal or not, is rarely without some friends
who think him a "good fellow ;" and it is therefore
not surprising that an answer to G. F. appeared
about two months afterwards (if I can trust the
manuscript notes on the copies before me) in a
tract bearing the following title :
A Letter to Mr. Marriot from a friend of his :
wherein His Name is redeemed from that Detrac-
tion G. F. Gent, hath indeavoured to fasten upon
him, by a Scandalous and Defamatory Libett, in-
tituled " The Great Eater of Grayes Inn, or, The
Life of Mr. Marriot the Cormorant," Sec. London :
Printed for the Friends of Mr. Marriot^ 1652
CftJ
To this we have another full-length portrait of
old Marriot, besides a picture of G. F., Gent., on
his knees, and performing an act of homage and
apology towards the unbreeched and injured law-
yer, not to be described in the pages of " N. & Q."
It is only fair to the memory of our hero to hear
what his friend can say in his favour. He ad-
dresses him thus :
" Had I not known you myself, as well as by the
report of your neighbours, a common easiness of credulity
might have carried me on to believe a late publisht pam-
phlet, pretended to be the True History of your Life, for
the author assures the Reader he set down "nothing, but
what hath truly been acted by you ; whereas indeed 'tis
nothing else but a mere libell of his scandal and defama-
tion, spun out to a great length without one syllable of
wit or honesty, whereof he sufficiently accuses himself by
shrouding his name under the covert of two letters, and
thereby securing his person from that punishment the
law hath provided for him ; the injury of fastening upon,
your name so vile a detraction, and presenting you a
derision to posterity, is of so high a nature that it exceeds
any satisfaction such an abject vermin can give, neither
can I find out a better expedient for your reparation than
by letting the world know what you are indeed: and
this I shall do as an equal friend to you and the truth.
" That you are a gown-man and a most ancient member
of the Honourable Society of Grayes Inne now resident,
the Book of Entrance can witness, having been a Student
and Professor of the Law above 47 years. For your
abilities and knowledge of the law, and for your easy fees,
your Clients do very much commend you. For your
private way of life, you have given it a Geometrical pro-
portion, squaring your mind and fortune with equal lines
to a fit subserviency of Nature's requisites in food and
rayment. For your Society you have made choice of
honest men, not despising the meanest, whereby you have
stood firm in these Nationall Hurricanes, which have
blown down the lofty and ambitious, and for your general
deportment it hath been so fair and clear, that I never
yet heard you had wronged any man."
Mr. Marriot's friend goes on to predict that the
slanderous G. F. will have his due reward, and
concludes thus :
" In the interim let him stand to the publike view in
that becoming posture the frontispiece presents him, as
destined by charity to repentance."
Can all this be true ; and can it be that the al-
lusion of John Dunton, and the verses of Cotton,
and the republication a hundred years after by the
Glasgow bookseller, are all acts of injustice done to
the memory of an upright and temperate lawyer,
who was driven out of the world in twelve months
by the unrelenting persecution of G. F. ? Such
a case of "giving a bad name" would probably be
not without parallel in the memory of any thought-
2 nd S. NO 28., JULY 12. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
33
ful investigator of the historian's materials. Had
Harriot lived in Pope's days, I fear that fifty
" Letters from a friend of his " would not have
saved him from infamy ; and " Darty and his ham
pie," an allusion in some obscure pamphlet, might
only have remained to puzzle Mr. J. B. Nichols
or his commentators. W. MOT THOMAS,
In the last edition of Granger's Biographical
History, four portraits of Marriot are mentioned
with a brief notice of him taken from the follow-
ing, which is contained in Gaulfield's Remarkable
Persons, vol. iii. p. 225. :
" Harriot was a lawyer of Gray's Tnn, who piqued him-
self upon the brutal qualifications of a voracious appetite,
and a powerful digestive faculty, and deserves to be
placed no higher in the scale of beings than a cormorant
or an ostrich. He increased his natural capacity for food
by art and application ; and had as much vanity in eating
to excess, as any monk had in starving himself. See two
copies of verses upon him among the works of Charles
Cotton, Esq. Great eaters are common in all ages, but
the greatest eater on record is described by Taj'lor the
water-poet, in his works, under the title of ' The Great
Eater, or Part of the admirable Teeth and Stomach Ex-
ploits of Nicholas Wood* of Harrisom, in the County of
Kent ; his excessive manner of eating without Manners,
in strange and true Manner described, by John Tailor." -
Works, edit. 1630, page 142,
JOHN I. DREDGE.
COOPER'S PORTRAIT OF CROMWELL.
(1 st S. xii. 205., &c.)
I beg to subjoin a few extracts and remarks
relating to Samuel Cooper's miniature of Crom-
well, and other relevant matters ; which may not
be devoid of interest to your correspondent CES-,
TRIENSIS, and perhaps enable him to infer the pre-
sent locus in quo of one or more of the portraits
of which he is in search. I transcribe the fol-
lowing passage from a well-compiled book of
anecdote :
" Robert Walker, a portrait painter, contemporary
with Vandyke, was most remarkable for being the prin-
cipal painter employed by Cromwell, whose picture he
drew more than once. One of those portraits represented
him with a gold chain about his neck, to which was ap-
pended a gold medal with three crowns, the arms of
Sweden and a pearl, sent to him by Christina in return
for his picture by Cooper, on which Milton wrote a Latin
Epigram. This head by Walker is in possession of
Lord Mountford at Horseth, in Cambridgeshire, and was
given to a former lord by Mr. Commissary Greaves, who
found it in an inn in that county. Another piece con-
tained Cromwell and Lambert together ; this was in Lord
Bradford's collection. A third was purchased for the
great Duke, whose agent having orders to procure one,
and meeting with this in the hands of a female relation
of the Protector, offered to purchase it ; but being refused,
and continuing his solicitation, to put him off, she asked
500/., and was paid it." The Arts and Artists, &cc., by
James Elmes, vol. i. p. 41.
Mr. Sarsfield Taylor, in his Origin, Progress,
grc., of the Fine Arts in Or eat Britain and Ire-
land (2 vols. 8vo., 1841), omits to mention Cooper,
but speaks of Walker as being the principal artist
during the Protectorate :
" He became eventually Cromwell's chief artist, and
painted his portrait several times. Cromwell made pre-
sents of these heads : one was sent to Christina, Queen of
Sweden, in return for a gold chain and medal sent to
Oliver by that extraordinary woman ; others he gave to
Col. Cooke, to Speaker Lenthall, &c. Walker was a
clever portrait painter, with original feeling ; his colour-
ing was very good, and his pencil, though free, was
careful." Vol. i. p. 352.
Walpole, speaking of Cooper's portrait, appa-
rently from actual observation, says :
" This fine head is in the possession of Lady Frankland,
widow of Sir Thomas, a descendant of Cromwell. The
body is unfinished. Vertue engraved it, as he did an-
other in profile, in the collection of the Duke of Devon-
shire." Anec. of Painting, Straw. Hill edit., vol. iii. p. 61.
Cooper was a miniature painter, and probably
painted more than one head of the Protector. I
think it probable that it was one of these, rather
than a portrait by Walker, which was transmitted
to Christina, not only on account of its greater
portability and fitness for a present, but because
Cooper himself (according to some, or his elder
brother Alexander, according to Barry, see his
edition of Pilkingtons Dictionary, 4to., 1798), had
at one time held the appointment of miniature
painter to Christina.
Cooper also painted a portrait of Milton ; and
this, Bryan informs us, was recently discovered,
and is now in the possession of the Duke of Buc-
cleugh.
For this portrait of Cromwell, Cooper was
offered 150/. by the French king ; which offer he
refused (Cunningham's Pilkingtori).
Voltaire speaks of the transmission of a por-
trait to Christina ; without, however, mentioning
the name of the artist. In an article on Crom-
well, in the Diet. Philosophique, he says :
" Lorsqu'il eut outrage tous les rois en fesant couper
la tete & son roi le'gitime, et qu'il commenca lui-meme k
re'gner, il envoya son portrait & une tete couronne'e;
c'e'tait a la reine de Suede, Christine. Marvell, farneux
poete anglais, qui fesait fort bien des vers latins, accom-
pagna ce portrait de six vers oil il fait parler Cromwell
lui-menie. Cromwell corrigea les deux derniers, qui
voici :
" * At tibi submittit frontem reverentior umbra,
Non sunt hi vultus, regibus usque truces/
" Le sens hardi de ce six vers peut se rendre ainsi :
" ' Les armes a la main j'ai deTendu les lois ;
D'un peuple audacieux j'ai venge' la querelle.
Regardez sans fremir cette image fidele ;
Mon front n'est pas toujours Tepouvante des rois.' "
It will be observed that Voltaire ascribes this
epigram to Marvell. Newton and Birch attri-
bute it to Milton ; but Dr. Warton, in his edition
of Milton's Minor Poems (8vo., London, 1791,
which only wants an index to render it one of the
34
NOTES AND QUERIES.
28., JuLtl2. '56.
most valuable, as it is one of the most interesting
books in the language), though including it in the
Epigrammatum Liber, inclines to the belief that it
is the production of Marvell ; in the various edi-
tions of whose works it is to be found, preceded
by a distich, apparently written before the ulti-
mate destination of the portrait was known.
While upon the subject, I may as well transcribe
each :
" In Effigiem Oliveri Cromwell.
" Haec est quae toties INIMICOS Umbra fugavit,
At sub qua GIVES Otia lenta terunt."
u In eandem, Regince Suecias transmissam.
u Bellipotens virgo, Septem Regina Trionum,
Christina, Arctoi lucida Stella Poli !
Cernis, quas merui dura sub Casside Rugas,
Sicque Senex Armis impiger Ora tero :
Invia fatorum dum per Vestigia nitor,
Exequor et Populi fortia jussa manu.
Ast tibi submittit frontem reverentior Umbra:
Nee sunt hi Vultus regibus usque truces."
I may add to these desultory remarks, that I
have in my possession a plaster mask, purporting
to be that of Cromwell's face after death. I was
informed moreover that the mould from which
it was made was taken surreptitiously from a cast
preserved in the Tower of London. Is there such
a relic ? WILLIAM BATES.
CALVARY.
(2 nd S. i. 374. 440.)
There is nothing said in Scripture about any
Mount Calvary. " The present church, the keys
of which have been the cause, ex concesso^ of
enormous blood-shedding the last two years," has
not the shadow of a foundation for its claim. It
could not have been the place of the Crucifixion.
Paul the apostle says, Heb. xiii. 12., "Where-
fore Jesus also suffered without the gate: " but the
site at present pointed out is not without the ancient
fortifications of Jerusalem ; it could not therefore
have been the place of our Lord's death.
Some writers, retaining the erroneous idea that
the place must have been on a hill-top, have fixed
on the w Hill of Evil Counsel " as the probable
scene of the Crucifixion, but no satisfactory rea-
sons are assigned. The apostle in the verse pre-
vious to that I have quoted says, " For the bodies
of those beasts, whose blood is brought into the
sanctuary by the high priest for sin, are burned
without the camp. Wherefore Jesus also," &c.
Reference to the following passages will show the
ground for the declaration that the sin offerings
were burned outside of the camp, Exod. xxix. 14.;
Lev. i. 11., iv. 12. 21., vi. II., and viii. 17.
Doubtless when the Temple service was es-
tablished at Jerusalem, the sin offerings were
burned in some one particular spot outside the
city. In that place would be found many uncon-
sumed remains of the larger bones of the sacrifices,
especially of the skulls of the victims. Hence the
place would most appropriately be called Golgotha
Calvary The place of a skull. Now it is a fair
inference from the apostle's writing, that where
the typical sin offerings were consumed, in that
identical place the great antitype himself expired.
It only remains to inquire if Scripture indicates
the precise quarter of the compass in which the
burnt sacrifice was to be slain. This has hitherto
been most unaccountably overlooked : but in Le-
viticus, chap. i. v. 11., we read, " And he shall kill
it on the side of the altar northward before the
Lord." Who will doubt but that our Blessed Lord
suffered on the north side of Jerusalem ? If he did
not, then in this particular, and in this only, did
he fail to fulfil to the letter all that was shadowed
forth in Jewish rites and ceremonies. It is clear,
too, that the place must have been convenient for
a large concourse of persons, and that it must
have been close to a high road. Matt, xxvii. 39.,
" And they that passed by reviled him, wagging
their heads."
The scene of the Crucifixion, then, must have
been on the north side of Jerusalem, by the side
of the road leading to Shechem, or Sychar, now
Nablous ; a road, then as now, the one great high-
way leading to the Holy City.
The sacred spot was probably in a shallow valley
on the road to Nablous, a short distance beyond
the Tombs of the Kings.
The Royal ^viour thus in His death lay very
near to David, his kingly ancestor.
I think it will be found that my argument
throws some light on that difficult conclusion of
Ezekiel, as in chap. xl. 44., xli. 11., xlii. 1., xlvi.
19., &c. &c.
I will not apologise for a paper of such a nature
as the present ; for if unacceptable, you would not
have introduced the Query which gave rise to it.
I do fear, however, that I have somewhat exceeded
the proper limit, and my excuse shall be that I
have discussed the most important and interesting
subject which topography affords. S. EVEESHBD.
Brighton.
THE OLD HUNDREDTH, BY WHOM COMPOSED.
(2 nd S. i. 494.)
Mr. Latrobe, in his Introduction to the last
edition of that valuable collection of chorales, the
Moravian Tune Book (Mallalieu, Hatton Garden,
1854), says :
"That the so-called 'Old Hundredth' was really com-
posed by Claude Goudimel, and was probably unknown
to Luther and his immediate contemporaries, seems now
to be generally admitted. Fine as it is, and deservedly a
favourite, especially in this country, it will not be less
valued by British Protestants when they are informed
that the author was one of the victims of Popish persecu-
2* S. NO 28., JULY 12. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
35
tion, having perished at Lyons in the Massacre of St.
Bartholomew, in the year 1572." P. 13.
And it is added, in a note in p. 14. :
" The Rev. W. Havergal, in his Old Church Psalmody,
states that it was first published in England in Day's
Psalter, A.D. 1563. Handel's belief, to which he alludes,
that Luther composed the tune, is not a little singular ;
inasmuch as it is found in none of the collections published
by that great Reformer, and, in point of fact, the melody
is to this day but little known or used in the Lutheran
Churches."
These two facts seem to render the notion that
Luther composed it quite untenable.
Goudimel was music-director at Lyons, and
appears to have been a musical co-adjutor of
Theodore Beza and Clement Marot in the adap-
tation of the Psalms to congregational use. The
tune in question was originally composed, and is
to this day sung in the Reformed Churches of
France and Switzerland, not to the 100th, but
to the 134th psalm (Latrobe's Introd., p. 31.).
A corrupt version of the latter part of the
melody is getting into very general use. Assum-
ing the key to be G, the last strain is often given
thus : D B G A B C A G : but it ought to be,
DEGA.CSAG. The latter is the form in
most, if not in all, of the old collections of psalmody
in common use^ and is adopted in the Moravian
book. Mr. Latrobe says it " is evidently the
original one " (Introd., p. 31.). I can produce as
authorities two ancient copies : one from the
Psalms of the Reformed Churches of France, and
the other from an old copy of Sternhold and
Hopkins, in both of which this is the reading found.
There is another matter connected with the
tune, to which perhaps I may be allowed to call
attention, and that is the funereal pace at which it
is usually sung. The psalms to which it has been
specially appropriated, the 100th and 134th, are
not penitential, but joyful and jubilant ; and
assuming either that it was, as Mr. Latrobe says,
first composed to the latter psalm, or that the
appropriation was in accordance with some early
tradition, we may infer that the composer did not
intend the tune to be sung in a heavy, drawling,
and doleful manner, as we often hear it now. It
evidently was not regarded as a mournful or even
as a grave tune in the time of Tate and Brady : for
in the " Directions" annexed to their version, it
is said that psalms of what we now call long
metre, " if psalms of praise or cheerfulness^ may
properly be sung as the old 100th psalm."
J. W. PHILLIPS.
Haverfordwest.
^ This tune is not of Lutheran, but Huguenot ori-
gin; it has been ascribed to Luther, and this mistake
arose from the circumstance that one of Luther's
tunes commences with the same phrase as that of the
Old Hundredth. Whoever might have composed
the Old Hundredth, it is manifest he made it from
this tune of Luther ; but it was not the work of
any German, because the tune does not appear
in the early editions of Luther's Chorals, nor do
the Germans themselves ascribe it to Luther.
Luther's first book appeared in 1519, and I ima-
gine (I am writing from recollection only) that
the Old Hundredth did not appear in Germany
for nearly forty years after this period. The
earliest printed copy we know appears with the
harmony of Goudimel, and in the French rhythm,
thus:
Iv^^wwl I
Such rhythm is adverse to the supposition of a
Lutheran origin. Those of your readers who
may wish to compare Luther's tune with the Old
Hundredth will find both in Bach's Choralge-
sange (Becker's edition), the former to the hymn
"Nun lob mein Seel den Herren," in pp. 8. 13.
67. 155. and 171. ; the latter to the hymn " Herr
Gott dich loben alle wir," in pp. 164. and 191.
The Old Hundredth does not appear in the
earliest editions of the Psalter by Sternhold and
Hopkins. The tunes that therein appear are all
of foreign manufacture. The tunes which subse-
quently enlarged that collection, and of English
manufacture, bear the name of some cathedral
city, or some English town of importance. The
Old Hundredth, having no English name, is
clearly a foreign importation, and not the com-
position of any Anglican organist. It has been
ascribed to Dowland, but Dowland was only the
author of the four-part harmony. The Tudor
harmonists affixed their names to the " common
tunes," as they were called, as an announcement
that they composed the choir harmonies, but they
intended no more by such application of the name.
We exceedingly dislike the tune, and it never would
have attained its popularity in England had it not
been constantly used to the psalm sung at the
Holy Eucharist ; its application to the Hundredth
Psalm was a remove, and hence its more general
adoption as the metrical Jubilate of the Pro-
testants in this country. As a jubilate, however,
it is the most melancholy of all joyful ditties.
H. J. G.
Michael Este in his collection published 1592,
ascribes this psalm tune to his contemporary,
John Dowland ; so that if there is any truth in
its French origin, Dowland must have borrowed
it. J. C. J.
NOTES ON REGIMENTS.
(2 nd S. i. 422.)
The skull and cross bones on the Lancers' caps is a
species of rather indifferent rebus. MR. MACKEN-
ZIE WALCOTT will find that over the device in ques-
36
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd s. N 28., JULY 12. '5G.
tion, which is to be read " Death," are the words
" Victory or." 1 have seen a still more clumsy
design engraved on the brass traps in gun-stocks
of a Volunteer Rifle corps of the last century, viz.
the skull and cross bones followed by the words
" comes swiftly." W. J. BBRNHARD SMITH.
Temple.
I am told that the 57th regiment, from its
courage at Albuera, earned the name of " Die
Hards ; " and the 28th, from their conduct in
Egypt, received the privilege of wearing the regi-
mental plate before and behind the shako ; being
hard pressed by the enemy they presented a double
face, the word having been given " Rear rank,
right about face ! " The 9th were called in the
Peninsula ' 'The Holy Boys," from a sale of
Bibles which they held. The Duke of Athol's
Highlanders carry the significant motto " Firth,
forth, and fill the fetters ! " (in Gaelic.)
MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A.
"The 28th" is the regiment who wear the
plate in front and at the back of their shako.
I think that in Egypt this corps, drawn up
" two deep," were charged in front and rear
by the French cavalry ; and the colonel of the
gallant 28th gave the word " Rear rank, right
about face ! " " fire a volley ! " which sent the
enemy flying. Upon the Queen's birthday, in-
spection, and other gala days, "the 22nd" wear
in their caps a sprig of oak, and a branch of the
same is tied on the colours. The tradition in the
corps is, that in the retreat after the battle of
Dettingen, George II. was rescued from imminent
danger by a company of the regiment. In " The
23rd Royal Welsh Fusileers," the officers wear a
black silk bag with three tails at the back of their
coats. This is still the custom of the corps, and
I suppose that the origin is derived from some
sort of wig.
I have heard somewhere of "The 5th Fusi-
leers," whose plumes are tipped with red, and who
were called " The Bloody Fifth," that this sobri-
quet was given in consequence of the men dipping
their worsted plumes in the enemy's blood at one
of the Peninsular battles.
"The 69th" are very proud of their facings,
which are the true Lincoln green in colour.
CENTURION.
" Springers " is the name given to the 62nd re-
giment. When at the battle of New Orleans a
regiment considered themselves to be ill-supported,
the men exclaimed, "This would not have been
if the Springers had been here with us." This
was told me by a serjeant, who also added, " We
did not like the American war : it seemed a cruel
thin to be killing men speaking our own lan-
guage." T. F.
In the Army and Militia Almanac for 1856,
edited by J. Stocqueler, Esq., published by Web-
ster, 60. Piccadilly, a tabular list is given of the
badges, mottoes, facings, &c., together with other
useful particulars of the cavalry and foot regi-
ments. C. (J.)
Eaton Stannard Barrett : " Lines on Woman "
(1 st S. viii. 292.) In Vol. via. of "N. & Q,"
several communications were elicited relative to
the then, as now, almost forgotten Eaton Stan-
nard Barrett, author of some exquisite " Lines on
Woman," the heading of all the letters which
appeared in " N. & Q." on the subject. Of these,
the most interesting was one from MR. ROBERT
BELL, author of the History of Russia and Ladder
of Gold; but in regard to the time of Barrett's
death, no more satisfactory information was elicited
than that it occurred " many years^ ago." Al-
though the present communication is somewhat
behind date, yet, to perfect what h^s already ap-
peared, and to carry out the main object of " N. &
Q.," the following cutting from a newspaper of
the year 1821 may be with propriety annexed.
Is the book in existence which was nearly finished
at the time of Eaton Stannard Barrett's death,
and what is the nature of it ?
" Died, on the 20th of March, in Glamorganshire, of a
rapid decline, occasioned by the bursting of a blood vessel,
Eaton Stannard Barrett, Esq., so well known to the lite-
rary and political world, as the author of All the Talents,
The Heroine, &c. &c. There were few gentlemen whose
private worth gained more esteem, or whose manners
possessed greater attractions. Ardently pursuing his
favourite occupations, he had nearly completed a Work,
of which his unexpected death has deprived the world,
and which might long since have been finished, had not
another study divided his time and thoughts." *
His brother, Richard Barrett, whom MR. BELL
referred to as living in 1853, editor of the Dublin
Pilot, and a fellow-prisoner of O'Connell's, died at
Dalkey, about eighteen months ago.
WILLIAM JOHN FITZ-PATRICK.
Miss Edgeworth (2 Dd S. i. 383.) W. J. FITZ-
PATRICK is in error in stating that Miss Edge-
worth was the daughter of Honora Sneyd : that
distinguished writer was the child of Mr. Edge-
worth by his former wife, Miss Elers (see Quart.
Rev., xxiii. 528.).
Spelling of Names (2 nd S. i. 372.) The spell-
ing of names sometimes varies in the present day.
[* Eaton Stannard Barrett's death is also noticed in the
Gent. Mag. for April, 1820, p. 377.] ,
O 28., JULY 12. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
37
I was acquainted, many years ago, with an old
clergyman, the Rev. Warren Brooks, of great re-
spectability, In the later part of his life he emi-
grated to Van Diemen's Land ; and there I have
understood that the old gentleman was in the
habit of writing himself Brook. a. /3.
Major General Stanwix (2 nd S. i. 511.) Gene-
ral Stanwix, about whom the MESSRS. COOPER
have put a Query, is surely the person the cir-
cumstances of whose death gave rise to a remark-
able case on the question of survivorship. The
case is reported in the first volume of Sir Wm.
Blackstone's Reports, p. 640., and is thus noticed
by Mr Best, in his book on Presumptions of Law
and Fact :
" General Stanwix, in October, 1766, together with his
second wife and a daughter by a former marriage, set
sail in the same vessel from Dublin to England. The
ship was lost at sea, and no account of the manner of her
perishing ever received. Upon this, the maternal uncle
and next of kin of the daughter claimed the effects of the
general, on the principle of the civil law, that, where
parent and child perish together, and the manner of their
death is unknown, the child must be supposed to have
survived the parent. Similar claims were, however, put
forward by the nephew and next of kin of General Stan-
wix, who moved the King's Bench for a mandamus to
compel the Prerogative Court to grant administration to
him. The rule for that purpose was, after argument,
made absolute, on the ground that the question of sur-
vivorship sought to be established could only arise under
the Statute of Distributions, and that the nephew, being
next of kin, was entitled to the administration of the
goods of the deceased. This case is clearly no decision as
to the presumption of survivorship, and the suit is said to
have been compromised, upon the recommendation of
Lord Mansfield, who said he knew of no legal principle
on which he could decide it."
D. B.
6. Pump Court, Temple.
Translation of Camoens (2 nd S. i. 510.) I can
tell R. J. that the " Island" was a translation by
a now-forgotten author of the name of Thomas
Wa4e, many years subsequently known as the
author of one or two not very successful plays
produced at Covent Garden Theatre ; of a volume
of poems (published by Miller, of Henrietta
Street), with the out-of-the-way title of Mundi e(
Cordis Carmina ; of a poem called Prathanasia,
with Moxon's name as publisher ; and whose last
publication, as far as I have seen, was an essay or
"lecture," entitled What does Hamlet mean? a
notice of which I remember having read in The
Athenceum. I have no recollection of the merits
of his translation from Camoens, referred to by
R. J., although I certainly perused it on its ap-
pearance in the pages of the European Magazine.
M. F, Z.
J. Larking : Paper-mark (2 nd S. i. 433.) Your
correspondent CHARTOPHYLAX has not correctly
fixed the date of this paper-mark. J. Larking's
paper-mill is situated in this parish, and was built
by him between the years 1785 and 1790. It has
long since passed into other hands ; but I can
assert positively, from information which I pos-
sess, that no mill of the kind existed here previous
to that period, nor did J. Larking possess any
here or elsewhere at any time antecedent to the
year 1785. If it be material, I can obtain for you
the date of the exact year in which the mill was
built ; but the information given above will pro-
bably be sufficient for your purpose. A.
East Mailing, Kent.
The Rev. Robert Montgomery (2 nd S. i. 521.)
I for one am obliged to G. for the information
concerning the name of the father of the gentle-
man above indicated. Can G., or will Mr. CAT-
LING, be good enough to inform me where he was
christened? I am, of course, aware that Weston
has been mentioned ; but which Weston ? for there
are at least a score places so named in the Clerical
Directory. D.
York Service Books. As York books are of
great rarity, I beg to send you the following note
as an addition to A. MT.'S Note in 2 nd S. i. 489.
I have a York Horce B. Virg., which, as far as I
can make out, is unique. The Museum has one
also, but it does not contain any of the distinctive
services for York Saints, and consequently not
the following :
" De Sancto Ricardo Scrupe Mar. et Conf."
" Alme Ricarde Dei martyr nostri miserere.
" Ut placeamus ei : fac nos peccata cavere,"
" V. Intercede pro nobis Ricarde Beate, ut quae salu-
briter petimus consequamur a te."
Deus qui beatum et electum Martirem tuum Ri-
cardum praeclarae patientiae titulis in ipso sua? mortis arti-
culo singulariter illustrasti : da nobis famulis tuis ejus
piis rneritis et amore sic in praesenti vivere, ut ad aterna
valeamus gaudia pervenire, per Christum."
There was a good stained glass portrait of him
in York Minster, but J fancy it was destroyer}
by the fire : of this I am not certajnP* J. C, J,
Longevity (2 nd S. i, 452.) The following sta-
tistics are worth adding to the series of Notes that
have appeared on longevity :
" In 1851 there were in Lower Canada, over 100 years
of age, 38 persons; between 90 and 100 years, 417; be-
tween 80 and 90, 3030; between 70 and 80, 11,084; be-
tween 60 and 70, 24.095.
" In Upper Canada in the same year, there were, over
100 years of age, 20 persons; between 70 and 80, 7156;
between 60 and 70, 20,267." Canada and Her Resources,
two Prize Essays, by J. Sheridan Hogan and Alexander
Morris, p. 114.
K. P. D. E.
Lees of Alt Hill, Family of (1 st S, xii. 265.)
The name is " Lees," and not " Lee," and the
" heiress " was Alice, daughter of John Lees and
Alice Bardsley his wife.
The word "heiress" would induce the sup-
38
NOTES AND QUERIES.
S. N 28., JULY 12. *5C.
position that she was the only child, but such was
not the fact, as she iiad a brother, James, who
succeeded to his father's property, as Alice did to
her mother's, the Bardsleys.
The family of Leese, or Lees, have been t resi-
dent at Alt since 1422, when Thomas de Leghes,
Adam de Leghes and John de Leghes held lands
under Sir John Assheton, Bart., at Alt, Nether
Leghes, and Palden Leghes, Palden being consi-
dered an abbreviation of Palm Densata, a fen or
morass.
I have this information from a carefully-com-
piled pedigree made by a lineal descendant of the
family, a physician here; but there does not appear
to be any connection with the family of Lee of
Cheshire.
Jonathan Pickford, Esq., of Macclesfield, was
the lineal ancestor of Sir Joseph Radcliffe, Bart.,
of Milnes Bridge. K. E.
Ashton-under-Lyne.
Geranium (2 nd S. i. 494.) I have extracted
from The Language of Flowers, the following
significations of the different kinds of geranium
for the benefit of W. H. P. :
" Scarlet Geranium - - Comforting.'
Ivy, ditto --..-< Bridal Favour.'
Nutmeg, ditto ' Expected Meeting.'
Rose-scented, ditto - - ' Preference.'
Silver-leaved, ditto - - ' Recall.' "
CLERICUS.
Common Place-Books (1 st S. xii. 478. ; 2 nd S. i.
486.) When, in the first of the above pages, I
explained an improvement upon Locke's method
of keeping a common-place book, I did not refer
to the plan which BIBLIOTHECAR. CHETHAM. sup-
poses. I mentioned that the method to which I
referred first appeared about thirty -five years
ago ; but I should have said upwards of forty, for
one of my common-place books was kept upon
this improv^ plan forty-three years ago. What
I had in my mind was published as a common-
place book with a ruled and lettered index, and a
page or two of directions, explaining also the su-
perior advantages of this new method. It was
new at the time; and if your correspondent will
turn again to my former communication, he will
see th.it I did not refer to any of the works which
he mentions, but described a plan very different.
F.C.H.
Popular Names of Live-stock (2 nd S. i. 416.)
The very interesting paper, under the above title,
does not make mention of ever as a name for the
boar-pig. I have heard it used by the lower
classes in Sussex, but very rarely and usually
pronounced heaver. The word is evidently de-
rived from the German or Saxon eber, a boar;
the b and v being interchangeable.
Till I made this discovery, I was much puzzled
respecting the etymology of a not unusual surname
in Sussex, pronounced in our towns Ever-shed, but
by the country people Ever-sed : it was undoubt-
edly originally Evers-hed, that is, boar's-head.
SAMUEL.
Brighton.
Glycerine for Naturalists (2 nd S. i. 412.) I too
have been disappointed in glycerine. But if
I. M. 4. wishes to be successful, let him get the
article direct from Price's Candle Company, Vaux-
hall. Much that is sold under the name is not
glycerine at all. EBER.
Brighton.
The Ducking Stool (2 nd S. i. 490.) With re-
ference to the inquiry as to the use of the duck-
ing stool since 1738, as a punishment for women,
I beg to refer to Mr. Brooke's recent work on
Liverpool from 1775 to 1800, in which evidence
will be found of the use of it in 1779, and perhaps
still later, by the authority of the magistrates, in
the House of Correction, which formerly stood
upon Mount Pleasant in Liverpool.
There is yet preserved in the parish church of
Leominster, in Herefordshire, a moveable ducking
stool (upon wheels) for women, and the last time
that it was used was about seventy years ago, to a
woman of the town named Jane Corran, but often
called Jenny Pipes. J. R. H.
Birkenhead, Cheshire.
Crooked Naves (2 nd S. i. 499.) It is some-
where said, that before our pious ancestors com-
menced the construction of a church, the first ray
of the rising sun was sedulously watched, and the
east end was then so planned as to catch, through
future ages, the first dawn of that light which
blessed and guided their early labours.
This rule, if not fabulous or universal, may
have had some influence on the builders, and oc-
casioned that varying now sought to be explained
by your correspondents.
Few of the ancient churches vary more from
the apparently established custom than the noble
cathedral of Antwerp ; but there, for some reason
probably unexplained, a brazen meridian line is
drawn along the pavement : showing at once the
cardinal points, and the deviation of the building
from east to west.
If such a custom as the one above named ever
existed, it must have been alike applicable to the
enlargement, reconstruction, or the reparation of
churches ; and from this probability, through the
numerous alterations at the east end, Norwich
cathedral is by no means exempt.
HENRY DAVENEY.
Jacob Behmen (1 st S. viii. 13. 246.; ix. 151.;
2 nd S. i. 395. 513.) Wliile I am as grateful as
any other of your correspondents can be for au-
thentic information relative to the Teutonic
theosopher and his remarkable writings, I am as
S . N 28, JULY 12. '56.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
39
indignant as I well can be at the sneer in which
your correspondent ANON, has been pleased to in-
dulge at the expense of our own great Newton.
After an allusion to Malebranche, in which he is
said to have drawn his all " from one small rivulet "
of Behmen, ANON, tells us, " Of how many other
originals (the Italics are his) also may this be
truly said, from Newton, if not Harvey, to Hah-
nemann." Let poor Hahnemann's reputation be
left to the care of those who think it worth de-
fending. I do not. But, I cannot hold my peace
when 1 find an anonymous mystic assailing the
fame of Newton. Newton a borrower from Beh-
men ? The thing is supremely ridiculous. I
agree with ANON, in saying that " a magic under-
standing is needful " for the comprehension of
Behmen. Newton had no magic about his under-
standing. His was the strong vigorous English
common sense, and practical as well as theoretical
English genius. Some evidence, at least, will be
necessary to convince me that he drew any of his
Principia from the vapours of the great mystic
something more than the ipse dixit of ANON. Let
that correspondent either make good or retract :
let him cite from Behmen a statement of the law
of universal gravitation, or let him sit on the
stool of repentance for having without evidence
uttered a sneer at the originality of Newton.
There is no middle course for a lover of truth.
C. MANSFIELD INGLEBT.
Birmingham.
Mayor of London in 1335 (2 nd S. i. 353. 483.)
In Stow's Survey of London, edited by Strype,
1720, Reginald at Conduit is stated to have been
mayor in 1334, and a note by Strype in the margin
of the entry says :
" He served two years and impaired his estate thereby.
King Edward III. gave him a yearly rent of houses in
London. J. S."
W. H. W. T.
Somerset House.
Parochial Libraries (2 nd S. i. 459.) In ad-
dition to those you have noticed you may insert
Parish of Crundal, Kent. (I do not know the
date.)
Parish of Elham, Kent, founded by Lee Warly,
Esq., in 1808. EDWARD Foss.
Numerous Families (2 nd S. i. 469.) I have not
access to Thoresby's History of Leeds, and cannot
therefore ascertain whether he mentions the fol-
lowing particulars respecting the wife of Mr.
William Greenhill, cited by MR. HACKWOOD.
In a family paper, which must be about 100
years old, I find Mrs. Greenhill noticed as having
had thirty-nine children by one husband, all born
alive and baptized, and all single births, save one.
The last child was born after his father's death,
and lived to be a surgeon, practising in King
Street, Bloomsbury, and author of a work on
Embalming Human Bodies. The family took for
their crest, in commemoration of this singular fer-
tility, a gryphon with thirty-nine stars on its wings.
STTLITES.
The following is a verbatim extract from the
Register of Burials belonging to the parish of St.
Mary the Pure Virgin, at Marlborough :
" John Jones (had 31 children born and baptized)
buried 29 March, 1743."
PATONCE.
Melrose Abbey (2 nd S. i. 510.) I have reason
to think that no estimate was ever given for the
restoration of the Abbey of Melrose. A few years
since, the Duke of Buccleuch being anxious to
promote the erection of a church for the Episco-
palians of the neighbourhood, I considered whether
it might not be possible to restore one of the aisles
of the abbey church instead. The scheme was
however wisely abandoned, and I designed the
present small church, which was erected by sub-
scription, his grace contributing largely, as well
as giving the ground. BENJ. FIRRET.
English Translation of Aristotle's " Organon "
(2 nd S. ii. 12.) The only translation of Aris-
totle's Organon (excepting Taylor's, which is
worthless) is published in Bohn's Classical Library.
The translator, Mr. O. F. Owen, is said to have
done his work well ; and by his illustrations from
Whately and other logicians, has rendered the
book interesting, even to those who do not want
to " take it up." B. S. W.
The Tune the Cow died of (2 nd S. i. 375. 500.)
I see no casus mortis in either of the versions
given ; but the following, which is as common as
either, would explain the catastrophe well enough :
" There was an old man, and he had an old cow,
And he had no fodder to give her,
So he took up his fiddle, and played her this tune,
' Consider, good cow, consider,
This isn't the time for grass to grow,
Consider, good cow, consider.' "
Probably by " the tune the cow died of" was ori-
ginally meant a satirical reference to a good
reason being no sufficient substitute for a good
dinner. M.
NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.
Although the words " Printed for P ivate Circulation
only " on a title-page may well serve to protect from un-
friendly criticism the work so inscribed, they surely may,
without impropriety, be passed over unnoticed when they
appear in front of a volume of unquestionable value and
importance. Such is the goodly quarto, for a copy of
which we are indebted to the courtesy of the distin-
guished nobleman under whose auspices it has been pro-
40
NOTES AND QUERIES.
S. NO 28., JULY 12. '56.
duced, entitled Descriptive Catalogue of a Cabinet of
Roman family Coins belonging to His Grace the Duke of
Northumberland, K. G., t>y Rear-Admiral William Henry
Smyth, K.S.F., D.G.L., F.R.S., &c. There are few socie-
ties for the advancement of archaeology which cannot bear
witness to the good taste and liberality with which the
Duke of Northumberland promotes that important Htudy :
and no one who knows the Duke can doubt the readiness
with which he accepted the suggestion made by Admiral
Smyth, that the several cabinets of coins and medals
which had been in the possession of the Northumberland
family for many years should be carefully examined and
arranged by him. But the gallant Admiral has done
more than this. He has not only carefully examined,
classified, and arranged the Northumberland Collection ;
but he has given in the work which has called forth
these remarks and which is a Catalogue of the Roman
Consular and Family Coins in the Collection a volume
replete with learning not only full of elucidation of
history, chronology, and geography generally, but par-
ticularly illustrative of the constitutional divisions of the
Roman people. Of the 160 families here treated of, 14
were pure patricians, 26 patrician with plebeian branches,
7 equestrian, 91 plebeian, and 22 whose order and rank
are uncertain. Those who know how various are the
acquirements of Admiral Smyth, and the fund of humour
with which his learning is seasoned and set off, will
readily understand that this Catalogue is amusing as well
as instructive; and as readily believe that we are not
guilty of any exaggeration Avhen we pronounce this
handsome, volume to be alike creditable to the scholar-
ship of Admiral Smyth and the liberality of the Duke of
Northumberland.
We have good news for the lovers of gossip. A new
edition of the Letters of Horace Walpole is announced, in
which the various letters of the different collections,
which now occupy fourteen volumes, are to be incor-
porated into one series in eight. Now, therefore, is
the time for those who have Notes to make, or Queries
which they wish solved, with reference to the men,
manners, or events touched upon by this Prince of Letter
Writers, to let us have them.
The Gentleman's Magazine, with which the name of
Nichols has been so long and so honourably connected,
has passed into other hands, the "great age of the one,
and the want of health of the other proprietor," being the
cause of the change. It is now published by Mr. Parker
of Oxford; and we can scarcely doubt that, under his
management, its character as an antiquarian and his-
torical Magazine will be fully sustained. The opening
number is certainly a very good one.
BOOKS RECEIVED. The Herd-Boy. A Fairy Tale
for Christmas Tyde. From the Swedish of Upland. This
pleasant versification of. a Swedish Legend has, in addi-
tion to its own interests, the merit of being so told as to
make the young persons for whom it has been written fa-
miliar with some of the good old English words and
phrases which are to be found in the language of our
Prayer Book and Psalter, the authorised version of the
Bible, &c. ; and, with this view, notes have been added
in the hopes of awakening in them a desire to understand
thoroughly the English language.
The English Bible, containing the Old and New Testa-
ments according to the Authorised Version, newly divided
into Paragraphs. Part X., S. Mark iii. to S. Luke xii.
We have so often spoken favourably of this new arrange-
ment of our noble Authorised Version, that we may con-
tent ourselves with simply recording the publication of
this further portion of it.
The Dramatic Works of William Shakspeare. The
Text carefully revised, with Notes by Samuel Weller Singer,
F.S.A., Sf C . t Vol. VII. This new volume of Mr. Singer's
valuable edition contains King Henry VIII., Troilus and
Gressida, and Coriolanus.
The Boundaries of Man's Knowledge. A Lecture de-
livered to the Literary Institutions of Bedford and Woburn
by William White, Principal Door-Keeper of the House of
Commons. A very sensible well-written Lecture, showing
considerable reading and much reflection.
History of the Parliamentary Representation of Preston
during the last Hundred Years. By William Dobson,
This narrative, originally prepared for publication in the
Preston Chronicle, is very creditable to the compiler. It
would be well if the history of every constituency were
produced in the same form.
BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES
WANTED TO PURCHASE.
STRYPB'S CRANMER. Vol. III.
THE PRAYER BOOK ACCORDING TO THE TEXT OF THE SEALED BOOKS.
Vol. III.
FIELD ON THE CHURCH. The last Vol. These three published by the
Ecclesiastical History Society.
GOODHUOH'S GENTLEMAN'S LIBRARY MANUAL.
**# Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, carriage free, to be
sent to MESSRS. BKLL & DALDY, Publishers of "NOTES AND
QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.
Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct to
the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose namea and ad-
dresses are given for that purpose :
BP. WILSON'S WORKS. Vol. IV. 8vo.
COLERIDGE'S BIOGRAPHIA. Vol. I. Pt. 2.
COLERIDGE'S LECTURES ON DRAMATISTS. Vol. I.
SHAKSPEARE. (.Diamond.) Vol. V.
FRIENDSHIP'S OFFERING. 1837.
CARRINGTON'S POEMS. 2 Vols.
NAPIER'S PENINSULAR WAR. Vol. VI.
PEACOCK'S INTEGRAL CALCULUS. 2 Vols.
KUFFMAN'S DICTIONARY OF MERCHANDIZE.
AKLISS' POCKET MAG. Vols. III. & IV.
Wanted by Thomas Millard, Bookseller, 70. Newgate Street.
HORATII OPERA. Vol.11. Lond.,PLne. 1733. 8vo. Boards.
RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW. Nos. 13. 25. and all after.
Wanted by Thomas G. Stevenson, Bookseller, 87. Princes Street,
Edinburgh.
SHAKSPEARE. By Steevens. Trade Edition. 10 Vols. 18mo. I arge
paper. Vol.1. 1823.
SATURDAY MAGAZINE, IN PARTS.
GRILLPARZER'S SAPPHO, IN THE ORIGINAL.
Wanted by Charles F. Blackburn, Bookseller, Leamington,
to
We have been compelled by want of space to postpone until next week
many articles of considerable interest.
INDEX TO FIRST VOL. OF SECOND SERIES. This is at press, and ivill le
published on Saturday next.
PRESTER JOHN. Has our Correspondent, C. MANSFIELD INOLEBY, cow-
.
t S. vii. 502. ; x. 186.
Callandas," read "Cal-
. ,
suited the two articles on this subject in our
ERRATA 2nd S. i. 518. col. 2. 1. 33, f
lander."
INDEX TO THE FIRST SERIES. As this is now published, and the im-
jin >.:/<>n in (t !iiuit<d one, such of our readers as desire copies would do
well to intimate their wish to their respective booksellers ir.ithout delay.
Our publishers, MESSRS. BELL & DALDV, ivill forward copies by post on
receipt of a Post Office Order for Five Shillings.
"NOTES AND QUERIES" is published at noon on Friday, so that the
Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and
deliver them to their Subscribers on the Saturday.
" NOTES AND QUERIES " is also issued in Monthly Parts, for the con-
venience of those who may either have a difficulty in procuring the un-
stamped weekly Numbers, or prefer receiving it monthly. While parties
resident in the country or abroad, who may be desirous of receiving the
ir, ,/.-(// Numbers, may have stamped copies forwarded .direct from the
Publisher. The subscription for the stamped edition of *' NOTES AND
QUERIES " (including a very copious Index) is eleven shillings and four-
pence for six months, which may be paid by Post Office Order, drawn in
pence for six months, which may be
favour of the Publisher, MK. GEORGB
Post Office Order, d .
-. 186. Fleet Street.
2 d S. ti 29., JULY 19. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
41
LONDON, SATURDAY, JULY 19, 1856.
NOTES ON THE FLEUR-DE-LIS.
(Concluded from 2 nd S. i. 410.)
In "N. & Q..," 1 st S. ix. 35. 84. 113. 225., are
several notes from your correspondents on the
subject of the F.-d.-L. ; and names of families, not
included in the above lists, are cited in connection
with this charge. Such are the five bishops named
by MACKENZIE WALCOTT. According to Heylin,
Trilleck, Bishop of Hereford (1275), founder of
Trilleck Inn, now called New Inn Hall, Oxford,
is alone entitled to this distinction, as bearing the
arms of his see, derived from S. Thomas de Can-
telupe, the 44th bishop, Chancellor of England
and Oxford, son of William Lord Cantiloupe, for
whom see the third crusade under Richard I.
Other names are, France of Bostock Hall, Chesh-
ire, Saunders, Warwyke, Presterfield, Kempton,
Velland, Rothfeld, and references are made to the
heraldic dictionaries of Berry, Burke, Edmonson,
Robson, Glover's Ordinary, &c. I am well aware
that there may be many families so distinguished
which are not included in the " formidable array "
which my lists supply from the four sources al-
ready described ; but as I have already trespassed
too long on your pages, and on the patience of
your readers, I shall for the present confine my-
self to a few remarks suggested by the preceding
Notes ; and leave to such of your heraldic cor-
respondents as may have a knowledge I do not
possess, or a facility of consulting many important
authorities not within my reach, the task of sup-
plying all deficiencies. Of such additional sources
of information it may be sufficient to name here
the valuable Armorial General de la France, par
d'Hozier, Paris, 1736, in ten folio volumes ; and, to
save time, many French and English works on this
Subject, collected in the fifth volume of Brunet's
Manuel du Libraire, p. 625., edit. 1844, under
Div. VI., Hist, de la Chevalerie et de la Noblesse,
avec VHistoire Heraldique et Genealogique.
It may be remarked that an undoubted French
origin in families gives no title to the distinction
of the F.-d.-L. This appears from numerous in-
stances in which the charge is not borne. Such,
among others, are the names, Butler, descended
from the ancient Counts of Brien in Normandy ;
St. Leger, of French extraction, coming in with
the Conqueror ; St. John (Jean), also Norman ;
De Brodrick, the same, under William II. ; Eg-
mont, descended from the Dues de Bretagne ;
Moore, of French extraction, soon after the Con-
quest ; Fortescue, from the Norman Sir Richard
le Forte ; Hervey, coming from France with Wil-
liam the Conqueror, descended from the younger
son of Henri, Duke of Orleans ; Harcourt, also
from Normandy, besides many others. It may be
said that most of these were of Norman descent,
and that the arms of Normandy were G, 2 L. P.
G. or. But it cannot be strictly ascertained
whether all these families were exclusively Norman ;
and among the Norman Crusaders (1096 1269)
are many bearing the F.-d.-L. Such is also the
case with the names Bellasyse, St. Maur, Disney,
&c. In the above category are also many names
which, though strictly French, have correspondent
names in English, and are now absorbed in our
genealogical catalogues as part and parcel of
our native patronymics. I may hereafter give a
curious list of these correspondences, which have
been noted, for amusement, in the course of a pro-
gress through ancient French history.
In perusing the above lists, it is obvious that,
saving the unquestionable claim -from royal de-
scent or alliance, very few indications appear of
the grounds on which this royal charge is assumed
in so many British shields. The true Norman
race bore, as above stated, G. 2 L. P. G. or ; the
Saxon line, G. 3 L. P. G. or ; and in 1326, Ed-
ward III. assumed quarterly France and England,
giving the first place to France : thus (1. and 4.),
az. seme de Lis (3. 2. 3.), and (2. 3.), gu. 3 L.
P. G. or. On this ground, I formerly ventured
to object to the accuracy of Heylin's blazon of
the arms of Henry I., Beauclerc. This objection,
however, rested on a mistaken appropriation of
the arms, pi. iii. f. 20. ; which, though placed so
early as p. 16., had, in fact, a reference to p. 150.,
and to Charles Beauclerk, E. of Burford, created
D. of St. Albans, 35 Chas. II., 1684.
It has appeared that, though they are recorded
as an ornament of the crown of previous sove-
reigns, no Fs.-d.-L. were borne by Henry II. and
Richard I. ; though, in 1190-2, the latter sove-
reign bestowed on Richard Plowden the augmen-
tation of 2 Fs>d.-L. for gallantry at the siege of
Acre (p. 350.). In the same third crusade, as we
have seen, John de Cantelupe, or Cantiloupe, bore
3 leopards' heads jessant Fs.-d.-L.; of which
bearing no further account is given than that it
descended to the bishopric of Hereford.
In the second crusade (1146), under Louis VI.,
and in the fourth, fifth, and sixth crusades, no
English subjects appear to have borne the charge.
In the years 1286-93, Rauf Sandwich, Ld. M.
of London, first bore gu. a F.-d.-L. or ; and from
those years to the year 1754, the last recorded by
Heylin, twenty-five successive Lords Mayor bore
the F.-d-L., or R. T. Of this number, nine bore
one alone, others from three to seme d. L. No
authority is given for the assumption of this
charge by the Lords Mayor. In 1297 (25 Edw. I.)
the name of Lennard is connected (1. and 4.) with
3 Fs.-d.-L. In 1307, John Barrett Lennard was
created Lord Dacre by Edw. II. But when, or
on what ground, the above charge was granted, is
42
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
[2*S. NO 29., JULY 19. '56.
not stated. So again, in 1298, (27 Edw. I.,) the
same doubt exists as to George Townshend (see
Heylin above), who' quartered France and Eng-
land. In 1328, J. Holland, E. of Huntington
(afterwards created D. of Exeter by Richard II.),
whose mother was Joan, widow of the* Black
Prince, and who married Elizabeth, eldest
daughter to John of Gaunt, D. of Lancaster,
brother to the Black Prince, bore a border of
France, 13 Fs.-d.-L.
Of the great dignity attached, upon all occa-
sions, to the royal charge of the F.-d.-L., frequent
proofs may be supplied from the preceding notes.
In many eminent instances of the grant being
conferred at the hands of the sovereign, a single
F.-d.-L., or two, are the only concession made ;
so as, in all appearance, to avoid a trespass upon
privileges strictly royal. Thus, under Richard I.,
the grant to Plowderi extended only to 2 Fs.-d.-L. :
that to the family of Leycester, under Richard II.,
whose descendant, in 1544, a general officer, re-
ceived the honour of knighthood, was 2 Fs.-d.-L.
Under Edward IV., that to Kellett was a single
F.-d.-L. Under Henry VIII., that to Clerke was
two ; that to Thomas Manners, E. of Rutland,
though of royal descent from Edward IV., was
limited to two. We have seen that Charles II.
restricted the bearing of the F.-d.-L. in their
coronets to the royal dukes. His grant to Stephen
Fox admitted only a single F.-d.-L. Queen
Anne's grant to Shovel was of 2 Fs.-d.-L. Wol-
cott (of Knowle), of Norman extraction, received
as an augmentation of honour, 1 F.-d.-L., " for
good service unto the king (quere, which ?) in
his wars," though the honourable augmentation
to the D. of Marlborough consisted of three.
Neverthess, in looking at the lists of the Landed
Gentry, we find, in many instances, that the grant
extended to 3 Fs.-d-L. ; though the ground of
such peculiar extension is not published. Thus,
the family of Disney bear three. Their ancestors,
from D'Isigny, D'Isneux, D'Eisney, near Bayeux,
Normandy, were a knightly race of the first sta-
tion and influence, who came in at the Conquest.
The family of Leathes also bear three. They, too,
came in at the Conquest, and are descended from
Mussenden (Missenden), who was Grand Admiral
of England under Henry I.
The family of Lenigan, which dates from before
Hen. II., bear three. That of Hawkins, de-
scended from the ancient Norman family ,of Ny-
col, temp. Hen. II. and Edw. III., bear, 5 Fs.-d-
L. The family of Halford, of great antiquity, and
dating from Hen. III., but whose documents were
lost at the Revolution, bear 3 Fs.-d-L. That of
Birch (of whom more hereafter), under Edw. III.,
bear three. Gilbert of Cantley received a grant
of three under Q. Elizabeth. The same of Hill,
1560, and of Hutton, 1584.
Under George III., Curtis, Admiral of Red,
created a baronet, in 1794, for heroic achieve-
ments under Lord Howe, who had also been
knighted, in 1782, for the same at the siege of
Gibraltar, received as an augmentation of honour
in chief the Rock of Gibraltar, and in base 3
Fs-d.-L.
These are the only, or the principal names, to
which the honourable distinction is assigned of a
privilege to bear this charge, in the authorities to
which my labours have extended. I have before
hinted that it would be of great historical interest
to learn from the numerous bearers of the F.-d.-L.
the grounds on which such charge was originally
adopted. By favour of the Rev. Joseph Birch,
M.A., of Brighouse, Yorkshire, I have been sup-
plied with a copy of the honourable grant made
to his ancestor (above named) by Edward III., for
services under the Black Prince, and it has a
peculiar interest, as the only instance of the con-
cession of the charge by the first monarch who
assumed the royal arms of France :
"Lieutenant General Field Marshall John Birch, Ge-
neral in Chief of the armies of his late Majesty Edward
III. of glorious memory, who, in his glorious campaign in
the Kingdom of France, took three Kings of France
prisoners, in consideration whereof his said Majesty
granted unto his said gallant commander, and his heirs
lineal, and in default of these heirs collateral, in his
right as King of France, the privilege of wearing their
Fleurs-de- Lis, in token of the bravery of the one, and
the generosity of the other. In Testimonium Veritatis,
&c. S-c."
The words which follow are
fLi. Li. I 1
|Ly. Ly.j
and remain a mystery.
Here, then, I conclude a series which has de-
veloped itself to a much greater length and im-
portance than I could have expected when, in
Paris, last year, I originated the inquiry as to the
descent and bearings of the Hillier family (2 nd S.
i. 53.), in both of which questions I am personally
interested.
An inquiry conducted upon the same plan in
regard to the various crosses, and especially the
cross crosslet fitchy, would be an instructive
sequel to this on the F.-d.-L. Crosses were al-
ways considered among the honourable ordinaries,
and their first use, as an heraldic bearing, is said
to have been in the expeditions to the Holy Land
in the year 1096. They are now common in
British shields, and are borne, it must be pre-
sumed, by those whose ancestors were engaged in
one or other of those wars which disturbed Europe
for 178 years, from 1095 to 1273. C. H. P.
Brighton.
2d s. NO 29., JULY 19. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
43
ILLUSTRATIONS OF MACAULAT.
Jacobite Song. I copy the accompanying Jaco-
bite effusion from a contemporary MS. Should it
not have been printed, it may probably suit you
as a Macaulay illustration. J. 0.
I.
" Lay by yr reason,
Truely out of season ;
Rebellion now is Loyalty, and loyalty is Treason :
Now forty one, S r ,
Is quite undone, S r ;
A Subject then depos'd his king, but now it is his Son, S r ;
The nations Salvation,
From male Administration,
Was then pretended by ye saints, but now his abdication.
II.
" Besides ye case, S r ,
Bears another face, S r ;
Billy had a mind to reign, and Jemmy must give place, S r ;
Rais'd Insurrections,
With base reflections ;
And labour tooth and naile to perfect his projections ;
Rebellion in fashion,
Declar'd throughout ye nation ;
Then turn'd his ffather out of doors, and call'd it abdica-
tion.
III.
" A declaration,
For self preservation,
Was spread abroad wherein was prov'd a father no rela-
tion;
Monarchy halters,
And abdicators,
Did swear themselves into a league with dutchmen, and
with traytors ;
They enter, Indenture,
Both soul and body venture,
Whilst att Royal Jimmy's head their malice still did
center.
IV.
" What have we gained ?
Grievances retained ;
The Government is still ye same, ye king is only changed ;
Was ever such a bargain,
What boots it a farthing,
Whether ffather Petre rule, Benting, or Carmarthen ;
Oppressed, distressed,
With Empty Purse Carressed,
We still remain In Statu quo, their'a nothing yett re-
dressed.
V.
" Baile for Treason,
Now is out of Season ;
And judges must bee Courtiers still against all right and
reason ;
Nay, more, I'll mention,
Ye Senate hath a pension,
Which overthrowes the contracts made with ye Select
Convention ;
Thus wee, S r , you see, S r ,
Come off by ye bee, S r ;
Wee give our money to bee Slaves, Instead of being free,
VI.
" Never was Beetle,
Blind as this people ;
To think that God will own a Church with a Socinian
Steeple j
By Priests deceived,
That have brought themselves into that pass ne'er more
to be believed ;
They leer, S r , for fear, S r ,
Ould Jemmy should come here, S r ,
And then they'll all repent that ere they took ye swear,
VII.
",Alas ! what is Conscience,
In Sherlock's own Sense :
When Interest lyes att stake, an w oath with him is non-
sense ;
The Temple Master,
Fears no disaster ;
He can take ten thousand oaths, and ne'er bee bound the
faster,
And all theyr Cause Intangle ; '
Yet nought can hold ye wretch but ye old Triangle.
VIII.
"For holy Cause, S r ,
You may break all lawes, S r ;
For perjury, nor treason, then do signify two strawes, S r ,
So bad our Case is,
We'd better far bee papist ;
For now Socinians rule the Church, and they'r rul'd by
an Athiest :
The nations damnation,
Was their last reformation ;
Either you must take ye Swear, or starving, leave yr
Station.
GREAT EVENTS FROM LITTLE CAUSES SPRING.
Blaise Pascal says, with a Rabelaistic humour
that is not his wont, " si le nez de Cleopatre eut
ete plus court, toute la face de la terre aurait
change." And copious are the instances that
might be cited in exemplification. The subjoined,
as pertaining to our English history, curiously
illustrate this truth of the momentous flowing
from the trivial, the great from the minute, and
offer us a field of speculation on the proximate
and impelling motives influencing that single will
which, electing one scale, thus made the balance
kick the beam with consequences so signal to
future generations. Perchance, even the slightest
dyspepsia or neuralgia may, in the chain of
causes, account for that single vote, or that " mis-
take," which gave us the ferial observance of our
Anglican calendar a statute, the safeguard of
British freedom, and the blessings of stability in
the firm yet mild sway of the line of Brunswick :
1. " Bishop Burnet stated that the Habeas Corpus Act
passed by a mere mistake ; that one peer was counted for
ten, and that made a majority for the measure." Earl
Stanhope's Speech before the House of Peers, on the Abju-
ration Bill, June 24, 1856.
2. " The authority upon which the Saints' days stood
in our Calendar ought to be considered. At the begin-
ning of the reign of Elizabeth, when the Protestant re-
ligion was restored, the question whether there should be
Saints' days in the Calendar was considered by Convoca-
tion, and sharply and fully debated. The Saints' days
44
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[ 2 nd s. N 29., JULY 19, '56.
were carried only by a single vote; for 59 members voted
for Saints' days, 58 for omitting them." Literary Re-
mains of H. Fynes Clinton.
3. Many years ago, I was informed by a well-
read man, my tutor, that the question of the suc-
cession of the house of Brunswick in these realms,
was only decided by one vote.
I shall gladly receive any circumstances relative
to the latter case, if it be confirmed ; also any
other remarkable instances of similar character.
F. S.
Churchdown.
NOVEL EXPLANATION OF THE USE OF THE IRISH
ROUND TOWERS.
The origin of the Irish round tower is involved
in as profound obscurity as that of the Egyptian
pyramids ; and if the latter extraordinary monu-
ments excite our curiosity in a country where the
same gigantic taste pervaded every work of sculp-
ture as well as architecture, how much more im-
pressive is this solitary remain, that stands
" Sublime and sad
Bearing the weight of years ! "
Beside these buildings, of which more than fifty
are at present standing, the date of whose form-
ation is not known, none others in Ireland de-
serve notice as works of art. On the round tower,
therefore, rests the only proof of the skill and
knowledge of the early inhabitants of Ireland ;
ponderous masses of uncouth stones, tumuli and
mounds, being works equally common to the rude
state of other nations.
The conjectures offered as to the use of the
round tower are numerous as well as satisfactory.
By some they are supposed to have been the
abodes of solitary anchorites ; by others, to have
contained the sacred fire worshipped before the
Christian era; some, again, maintain that they
were places of temporary penance, and others state
them to have been belfries ; nor does any pecu-
liarity of situation, except in the vicinity of a
church, assist the antiquary in his inquiry.
I find the following novel purpose of their erec-
tion in one of Mr. Crofton Croker's amusing works
on the reliques of Ireland, as replete with anti-
quarian lore as with those quaint repartees so
characteristic of the lower class of the Irish pea-
santry :
" Mr. W , of the Ordnance, whilst on an official
tour of inspection in Ireland, seeing a labourer near one
of the martello towers on the coast, carelessly asked him
if he knew for what purpose it was built ? 'To be sure
I do your honour,' replied he archly ; ' for the same pur-
pose as our ould round towers.' ' And pray what may
that have been ? ' inquired Mr. W , in the belief of
receiving some traditional information. ' Why, your
worship,' returned Pat, ' the only use in them that I can
Bee is just to bother posterity.' "
Some extracts from the opinions of Vallancey,
Tanner, Betham, Dr. Petrie, and other Irish his-
torians would be acceptable to many of the readers
of "N. & Q.," as well as a subject worthy of dis-
cussion in its pages. J. M. G.
Worcester.
SHAKSPEARIANA,
" All the world's a stage :" Shdkspeare and
Erasmus, The following passage is from a book
Shakspeare must have read. Challoner's Transla-
tion of Erasmus's "Praise of Folie" has, I think,
been overlooked by over-read commentators :
" So likewise all this life of mortall men, what is it els
but a certaine kynde of stage plaie? Whereas men come
foorthe disguised one in one arraie, an other in an other,
eche plaiying his parte, till at last the maker of the
plaie or bokebearer, causeth them to avoyde the skaf-
folde, and yet sometyme maketh one man come in, two
or three tymes, with sundrie partes and apparaile, as
who before represented a kynge, beying clothed all in
purple, havyng no more but shyfted hym self a little,
shoulde shew hym selfe againe lyke* an woobegon-
myser." The Praise of Folie. Moriae Encomium : a
booke made in latine by that great Clerke Erasmus Ro-
terodame. Englished by Sir Thomas Chaloner, knight,
Anno MDXLIX. (1549). P. 43.
As a proof of Shakspeare's knowing the book,
I select the following additional extract :
" Seying all Doctours take it commenly for theyr pri-
velege to nede out leaven (that is to saie) holy writ like
a cheverell skin."
Who does not remember the Fool's saying :
" A sentence is but a cheveril glove to a good wit."
The following passage from Erasmus seems to
well illustrate the behaviour of Hamlet when
lying at Ophelia's feet :
" Post hsec prandium, a prandio stationes, nugae face-
tiaeque, sparsim procumbent puellaa, in harum gremium se
conjicient viri. Quae neminem repellit maxime laudatur
a civilitate." Erasmus, Christiani Matrimonii Insti-
tutio. Fol. Lugd. Pp. 716, 717.
G. W. T.
"Racke" or " Wreck" Shakspeare, Tempest"
Act IV. Sc. 1. (2 nd S. i. 425.) Sometimes we
may justly exclaim, " plague on critics !" who will
puzzle us with their logomachies, and who will
not be satisfied to obey the old admonition, " let
well alone." While I read the article of your
correspondent, I accidentally take a peep from
my window ; and over the top of the lofty Ben-
lomond, I see dense masses of dark clouds which
have gathered, and are pouring out their watery
treasures shortly a speck of blue cloud becomes
visible this gradually more and more expands
the horizon is again clear and not a rack or
vestige remains of the former aspects.
Now, I cannot help thinking that Shakspeare
2 n * S. N" 29., JULY 19. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
45
had been, " once on a time," among the mountains
of Scotland, and had witnessed the many beauti-
ful phenomena which their tops often put on in
their misty " cloud-capp'd towers" and " gorgeous
palaces" that he had carefully watched their
rolling storms the dispersing of the vapours
absolutely reduced to a film, leaving " not a rack
behind" all of which had conveyed to his highly
sensitive imagination one of the most sublime
images with which our poetry is graced. I have
also a kind of idea that the poet had heard the
people of the northern country, in a morning like
this (June 4), alternating with sunshine and
showers, using an expression at this moment fa-
miliar, that " the day would rack up ;" or, in other
words, that the weather would soon be settled and
dry, and nowhere any traces exist of the frowning
atmosphere, the force of his simile upon a
native ear reminding one of that which would be
communicated to an Asiatic in the ornate language
of " the Song of Solomon :"
" For lo the winter is past, the rain is over and gone,
the flowers appear on the earth, the time of the singing
of birds is come, and the voice of the turtle (dove) is
heard in our land," &c.
I have no doubt but that rack was the true
word employed by Shakspeare ; and that his com-
mentators, however learned and ingenious they
may be, do him infinite injustice by such emend-
ations as "track,*' "wrack," "reek," &c. The
lines of the Earl of Stirling, who could write
(1603)
" Those stately courts, those sky- encountering walls,
Evanish like the vapours of the air,"
perfectly explain Shakspeare's metaphor, that
nobleman having been, before his creation by
James I., Sir William Alexander of Menstrie (a
village situated at the base of the Ochil Hills),
and to whose eyes the appearances he describes
must have been of common occurrence. G. N.
Allow me to add a little in confirmation of Q.'s
argument, by subjoining to it the two following
quotations from the same play, The Tempest, in
which the disputed reading occurs :
" Alon. If thou beast Prospero
Giue us particulars of thy preservation,
How thou hast met us heere, whom three howres since
Were wrackt vpon this shore."
Tempest, Act V. Sc. 1.
" Pros. Know for certain
That I am Prospero, and that very Duke
Which was thrust forth of Millaine, who most strangely
Vpon this shore (where you were wrackt} was landed
To be the Lord on't."
Id. ib.
R.
Passage in Atfs Well that Ends Weir (2 nd S.
i. 494.) A sense may be found in the quoted
lines, although not a very poetical one. John-
son and Malone (see their notes) are wrong,
and so is Mr. Singer, in their personification of
" hate." They consider " sleeping hate " and
"dreadful, revengeful, ruthless hate" as being
synonymous, and so their meaning must be, that,
if hate had not slept, the mischief would not have
been done ; but that is an error in calculo : "hate,"
of course, can only be active when awake; sleep-
ing, he is like Anteus lifted up from his mother
earth without force, and so is "love."* "Hate"
and " love," directed towards the same object, can
not be awake at the same time.
What I have found in the two lines is this :
" Love " fell asleep, and by this fact, and in the
same moment, " hate " was awaking, and did mis-
chief, profiting by " love's " sleep. Too late, after
" hate " being tired, " love " awakes, and u cries
to see what's done," while, at the same time,
" shameful hate " like a gourmand, surfeited by a
luxurious repast, " sleeps out the afternoon.'*
If that is not poesy, at least it is sense.
F. A. LEO.
Berlin.
Kneller' s Portrait of Shakspeare. In Dry den's
Poem to Sir Godfrey Kneller, printed in the 4th
volume of the Miscellany Poems, the poet speaks
of a portrait of Shakspeare painted by and given
to him by Kneller :
" Shakspeare thy Gift, I place before my sight ;
W T ith Awe, I ask his blessing e're I write ;
With Reverence look on his Majestick Face ;
Proud to be less ; but of his Godlike Race.
His Soul inspires me while thy Praise I write,
And I like Teucer, under Ajax fight ;
Bids thee, through me, be bold ; with dauntless breast,
Contemn the bad, and emulate the best," &c.
And a side note on the first words refers to
" Shakspeare's Picture, drawn by Sir Godfrey Kneller,
and given to the author."
Is anything known of this picture at the present
time ? From what did Kneller make his copy ?
as it is not likely he would have taken the trouble
to copy a picture without being first satisfied
that it was a genuine portrait. K. P. S.
POLITICAL POEM.
As the political squibs of the last century are thought
worthy of being collected, I send you a copy of verses,
the appearance of which bear witness to its having been
written at the time when the subject it refers to was
of recent occurrence. I am nqt aware whether it has
* See as analogous : F. A. Leo, Beitrage und Verbesser-
ungeu zu Shakespeares Dramen nach handschriftlichen
Anderungen, &c. &c., 1853, Berlin, A. Asher & Co., page
130, some remarks about the word " invisible.".
46
NOTES AND QUERIES.
s. NO 29., JULT 19. '56,
ever been published, but at least I suppose it in few
hands.
JONATHAN COUCH.
Polperro.
Now Phabus did y e world w th frowns swrvey,
Dark wear y e Clouds, and dismal was y e day,
When pensive Harley from y e Court returncf ;
Slow by his Chariot mov'd, as that had mourn'd.
Heavy the mules before y e statesman goe,
As dragging an unusual weight of woe ;
Sad was his aspect, and he waking dreams
Of plots abortive and of rvin'd schemes :
Like some sad youth, whose greifs alone survie,
Mourns a dead mistress or a wife alive.
Such looks would Russels Funeral Trump grace,
So Notingham still looke, w th such a dismal face.
To Kensington's high tower, bright Masham flyes,
Thence she affar y e sad procession spyes ;
Whear y e late statesman dos in sorrow ride,
His Welsh supporter mourning by his side.
At wich her boundless grief sad Cryes began,
And thus lamenting thro the Court she ran :
" Hither, yee wretched Toryes, hither Come,
Behold y e Godlike Hero's fatal doom.
If e're yee went with ravishing delight
To hear his Banter and admire his Bite,
Now to his sorrow yeild the last releif,
Who once was all your hopes is now your grief.
Had this Great Man his envy'd Post enjoy'd,
Torys had rul'd and Whiggs had been destroy'd :
Harcourt the mace to which he long aspir'd
Had now possess'd, and Cowper had retir'd ;
Sunderland had been forc'd his place to quitt,
Which St. Johns had supplyd with sprightly witt ;
Sage Hanmer passing Court employment by
Had ruld the Coffers Toryes to supply.
Gower had shin'd with rich Newcastle's seal,
And Harley's self (to shew his humble zeale)
Had been contented with that triffling wand
Which now dos mischeif in Godolphin's hand :
Our Fleets secure had been Rook's tender care,
And Ormond had been sent to Head the warr,
Bleinheim to Radnor had been forc'd to yeild,
And Cardiff Cliffs obscur'd Ramellis' ffeild."
Cheap Travelling on Cows. In an article on
"Fashions," in Encyclopedia Britannica, 8th edit.,
Part II., vol. ix., the following illustration occurs :
" We have never heard of any one who followed the
fashion set and advocated by Asclepiades, who tried to
bring cheap locomotion into general favour, and who
travelled about the world on a cow, living on her milk
by the way."
Since I wrote that article, however, I have met
with mention of a town in which this example
was followed. In the Voyage of Italy, by Richard
Lassels, Gent., a book which was printed in Paris
in 1670, and the author of which had made the
" voyage " five times as tutor to " several of the
English nobility and gentry," the subjoined sin-
gular instance may be met with :
" I observed in this town (Piacenza)" a valuable piece
of thriftiness used by the gentlewomen, who make no
scruple to be carried to their country nouses near the
town in coaches drawn by two cows yoked together.
These will carry the Signora a pretty round trot unto her
villa; they afford her also a dish of their milk, and, after
collation, bring her home again at night, without spending
a penny."
J. DOBAN.
An Advertisement. Whether this advertise-
ment, which I have as a printed post-bill, was
ever^ posted on the walls of Coleraine I know not,
but it possesses sufficient peculiarities of phrase to
be preserved in " N. & Q." as a curiosity. S.
" To be Let,
To an Oppidan, a Ruricolest, or a Cosmopolitan, and may
be entered upon immediately,
The House in STONE Row, lately possessed by CAPT.
SIREE. To avoid Verbosity, the Proprietor with Com-
pendiosity will give a Perfunctory description of the
Premisses, in the Compagination of which he has Sedu-
lously studied the convenience of the Occupant it is free
from Opacity, Tenebrosity, Fumidity, and Injucundity,
and no building can have greater Pellucidity or Trans-
lucency in short its Diaphaneity even in the Crepuscle
makes it like a Pharos, and without Laud, for its Agglu-
timation and Amenity, it is a most Delectable Commo-
rance ; and whoever lives in it will find that the Neigh-
bours have none of the Truculence, the Immanity, the
Torvity, the Spinosity, the Putidness, the Pugnacity
nor the Fugacity observable in other parts of the town,
their Propinquity and Consanguinity, occasions Jucundity
and Pudicity from which and the Redolence of the
place (even in the dog-days) they are remarkable for
Longevity. For terms and particulars apply to JAMES
HUTCHISON opposite the MARKET HOUSE."
Colerain, 30th September, 1790."
Cat Worship. The cat, which old ladies love
and cherish with Egyptian fondness, but with just
enough of romance in their affection to acquit
them of idolatry, was one of the sacred animals
before which that people bowed in worship to
their sidereal deities. It seems to have owed its
consecration and divine honours to a peculiar
physical attribute, the contractibility and dilatability
of the pupil of the eye, exhibiting so mysterious
an illustration of, and (as a matter of course)
relation to the moon's changes, as to give rise to
the notion that the animal shared in some degree
the influence of that luminary ! I do not know
whether there was any correspondence in point of
time in these supposed ocular demonstrations of
the lunar phases, to give birth to so monstrous a
superstition. F. PHILLOTT.
Pronunciation of English Words ending in -il.
There are very few words with this termination
in English: five only occur to my recollection,
peril, civil, council, evil, and devil. Of these the
2nd s. N 29., JULY 19. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
47
three first, as derived from French words of the
same termination, are always pronounced as if
they ended in -ill.
But until lately the two lasb were always pro-
nounced as they would have been had they been
written respectively evle and devle ; and I believe
that they were rightly so pronounced, with re-
ference to their etymologies. They are neither of
them derived from foreign words which have i in
the last syllable ; evil is the Saxon ypel, ^and devil
the Saxon beopul, contracted beopl, and in the ad-
jective form, beopho. So in the German the words
are teufel and ubel, both ending in the same ob-
scure sound which we give to le when those
letters follow another consonant as a termination.
Within a few years a change has taken place,
but I never could hear any cause alleged for the
change, except a desire to assimilate these two
words with other English words ending in the
same letters.
To make the pronunciation, when long and rea-
sonably established, yield to the letters, seems to
me a very unphilological proceeding. Our
American brothers, indeed, pronounce to as if it
were written toe, and the last syllable of genuine
as they do the word wine, &c. But knowing, as
we do, how very inconsistent our orthography is
with our certain and established pronunciation, it
would surely be wiser (if we are to make changes)
to accommodate our letters to our sounds, than to
pervert our sounds for the sake of the letters.
E. C. H.
"Antiquites du Bosphore Cimmerien" Antiqui-
ties of the Cimmerian Bosphorus, preserved in the
Museum of the Hermitage ; published by order of
the Emperor, St. Petersburg ; printed at the
printing offices of the Academy of Sciences, 1854
seq. y 3 vols., fol. (plates).
This splendid work, containing the' representa-
tions and description of some Crimean remnants of
the goldsmith's art, &c., of the best Greek period,
is intended as a present for princely personages,
the public libraries, and art-institutions of Europe.
I shall give a review of it in one of the art-
journals here. DR. J. LOTSKY, Panslave.
15. Gower Street, London.
Stencilled Books. -A book on vellum was given
to me some time back, which was described in the
catalogue as " Missce falienses ex domu Chante-
loup, a beautifully-written MS., 1751." Upon
looking carefully into the book, I found it was
not written but stencilled, and then carefully
finished with a pen. I never ha /e seen a sten-
cilled book except this, and so have made a note
of it. There were other copies of this taken, for I
met with one in a recent catalogue. Can any of
your correspondents give other instances of this
process, and explain the title of this book ?
J. C. J.
Jews' Bread. Dipping into the Plantarium of
my favourite Cowley, I find it noted that " in old
time the seed of the white poppy, parched, was
served up as a dessert." By this I am reminded,
that white poppy-seeds are eaten to this day upon
bread made exclusively for Jews. The "twist"
bread is generally so prepared, by brushing over
the outside crust with egg, and sprinkling upon it
the seed. JOHN TIMES.
Sloane Street.
Clandestine Opening of Letters in the last Cen-
tury. Goethe, when discussing after the general
peace of 1815, some political subjects with Luden,
the historian, made to him the following rather
uncomplimentary observation : " You must not
suppose that any thing which you have broached
to me has not before attracted my attention."
That the clandestine opening of letters by some
or other post offices was then well known, and
guarded against, we perceive from the following
letter written by the great German poet, dated
Rome, February 16, 1788 :
" Through the Prussian Courier (!) I 'received lately
a letter from our Duke, as friendly, loving, good, and
pleasing as possible. As he could write without appre-
hension (!), he described to me the whole political posi-
tion, his own, and so on."
As the date of Goethe's letter refers to the latter
years of the reign of Frederic II. of Prussia and
Joseph II. of Austria, it is easy to conjecture
which of the two powers then excited public ap-
prehension. J. LOTSKY.
15. Gower Street, London.
FRANCIS FITTON.
In the chancel of the church of Gawsworth, co.
Chester, there is a monument with the recum-
bent effigy of Francis Fitton, Esq., and round the
edges of the tomb the following inscription :
"Here lyeth Fraunces Fitton, Esquire, who married
Katherine contes doager of Northumberlond, and third
brother of Sir Edward Fitton, deceased, of Gawsworth,
kt, lord president of Conough " (i. e. Connaught).
On the arches supporting the tomb are shields
of arms, and underneath them a headless skeleton
lying in a robe. Can any of your learned readers
inform me whether any thing is known concern-
ing this Francis Fitton ? Does the headless
skeleton indicate his having met with a violent
death in some conflict in Ireland in those lawless
days?
There is also a full length portrait of this Fran-
cis Fitton in the hall at Gawsworth, with this in-
scription round the frame :
" Francis Fyton, married w* Katberine countes of Nor -
thu'br., dowger, a 1588, eldest of the dougbters and co-
48
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2*a S. N 29., JULY 19. '56.
beires of Joh' Neville, kt, Lord Latynaer, being tbyrd
sone of Edw. Fyton of Gaw,sworth, kt. (who maried Mary
y e younger doughter and coheir of Sir Vigitt Harbutell,
in Northu'br., kn., and Elenor, her elder sister, maried
w* S r Tho. Percy, kn., afterward ataynted, being father by
her to Tho. and Henry Percy, knts., and both in their
tymes earles of Northu'br. and restored by Q. Mary),
brother to Edward Fyton,kn., lord president of Conaghte
and thresorer of Ireland, and sone and heyre to th' afore-
said Edward, "which thresorer and his wife decessed in
Irlonde, and lye both buried in St. Patric's church in
Dublin."
Ormerod, in his History of Cheshire, suggests
that the skeleton has probably reference to the
attainder of Sir Thomas Percy, but why ? Per-
haps after all it is but an emblem of mortality.
Local tradition asserts that Francis Fitton fell in
battle, and only his body, from which the head had
been severed, could be found. This ancient family
became extinct in the direct line by the death of
Sir Edward Fitton in 1643. OXONIENSIS.
QUERIES RESPECTING THE GAMAGE FAMILY.
1. What is the import or etymology of the name
Gamage ? Is it of Saxon or of .Norman origin, or
of neither ?
2. What is the coat of arms of the family of
Gamage, and whence its origin ?
3. Can any traces of the family, the disposition
of the family estates, titles, its origin, &c., be dis-
covered ? If so, from what sources ?
4. Is it possible from any records of emigration,
shipping and naval lists, to ascertain what branch
of the Gamage family emigrated to New England
about 1700, or previously? and from what port
they sailed, and where was their place of residence
in England previous to their emigration ? We
find from a parish record in Cambridge, Massa-
chusetts, that one Joshua Gamage was there in
1710, the date of his marriage to a Deborah
Wyeth ; but when he came from England does
not appear.
5. Can anything be obtained, by way of family
history, from monumental inscriptions, parish,
church, and county, national and heraldic records,
and records of knighthood, grants of land, and
conveyances of estate, wills, &c., and where can
these be found ?
6. Is there any place named Royiode, or any-
thing similar, in co. Hertford (or Hertfordshire),
England ? and if so, could not some traces be
found of the Gamage family, provided their re-
sidence was there ; or any part of the coat armour
derived from that place ? Royiode may not be
the whole name of the place, but the last half of
it. The old Saxon word royd, meaning clearing,
is a frequent termination of the names of towns,
and was sometimes used in connection with the
name of a proprietor, as Monkroyd, Martinrode,
and also Okenrode, Acroyd, Hoilinsrode, &c.
7. Where is Clerkenshalls in Scotland, and what
possible connection can that place have with the
Gamage family or their coat armour ? When was
Sir Thomas Gamage knighted; by whom, and
what was the order of his knighthood ?
The result of any investigations in relation to
the Gamage family will oblige the inquirer.
ANON,
flatter fetf.
" A daring Pilot in Adversity" From what
author is the following quotation (made in the
last page of vol. i. of Sir Robert Peel's Memoirs}
taken :
' . . . . When waves run high
A daring pilot in adversity? "
D. G.
Aristotle's Proverbs. The Rev. Thomas Wil-
son, in a lecture on the " Philosophy of Proverbs,"
in the Popular Lecturer, ^states that " Aristotle
made a collection of them." Is this collection still
existing ? I never heard of it, W. S. D.
Ode by Lord Byron. In an excellent collec-
tion of fugitive poetry of the nineteenth century,
entitled The Laurel, published by Tilt in 1841, is
an ode ascribed to Lord Byron. It consists of
nine stanzas, is characterised by considerable
merit, and is a vehement invective against the
French people for their desertion and neglect of
Napoleon when fortune no longer attended his
arms. The first stanza is as follows :
" Oh, shame to thee, land of the Gaul !
Oh, shame to thy children and thee !
Unwise in thy glory, and base in thy fall,
How wretched thy portion shall be 1
Derision shall strike thee forlorn,
A mockery that never shall die ;
The curses of hate, and the hisses of scorn,
Shall burthen the winds of thy sky ;
And proud o'er thy ruin, for ever be hurled
The laughter of triumph, the jeers of the world."
I should be glad to know by what authority this
energetic ode is attributed to Lord Byron ; or to
whom it may with greater truth be ascribed.
WILLIAM BATES.
Birmingham.
Presfar John. More information respecting
this myth (if myth he is) is required than is to be
found in 1 st S. vii. 502. ; x. 186. Why do writers
cite the length of his foot, rather - t than any other
characteristic he may possess ? ANON.
Mr. Bathursfs Disappearance. Was anything
certain ascertained relative to the fate of Mr.
Bathurst, who disappeared mysteriously during a
mission abroad in the course of our great war
against Bonaparte ? I found, at an old book-
seller's in Paris, some years ago, the MS. journal
of Mrs. Bathurst, who was a sister of Sir G. P.
2 nd s. NO 29., JULY 19. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
49
Call, Bart, and banker. It is very curious and
interesting. I believe one of her daughters was
drowned in the Tiber. Is the other still living ?
A BOOKWORM.
"Jokeby." Can you tell me who is the author
of Jokeby, a burlesque imitation of Rokeby, pub-
lished in or about 1812? The same author pub-
lished, shortly afterwards, a volume called The
Accepted Addresses. R. J.
Fellow of Trinity. There is a letter from the
Earl of Sandwich to Garrick (in the 2nd volume
of the Garrick Correspondence, p. 329.) regarding
a play written by a gentleman of Cambridge. In
the earl's letter, which is dated Jan. 8, 1779, he
says regarding the author :
" I believe he has lost some emolument he had in
Trinity College, of which he is a Fellow, on account of
his attachment to me, which led him to oppose the
Master upon some points in which I interfered," &c.
Could any of your readers inform me who was
the Fellow of Trinity College here alluded to ?
R. J.
Was Addison a Plagiarist? I read the other
day, that the well-known paraphrase of Psalm xix.,
" The spacious firmament on high,
With all the blue ethereal sky," &c.
so generally ascribed to Addison, was composed
by Andrew Marvel; and that Dr. Johnson re-
peated it as his.
I know it has been a fashion to lay other men's
productions at Andrew's door ; but the object of
my Query is to ascertain if there is any well-sup-
ported charge of plagiarism against Addison on
record. JOHN J. PENSTONE.
Stanford-ia-the-Vale.
Meaning of Hayne. What is the explanation
of the word hayne, which forms the termination of
the names of a great many places, chiefly farms,
in my neighbourhood, such as WoodAa^we, Cown-
hayne, Willhayne, and at least a dozen others.
J.E.
Temple at Baalbec. Who is supposed to have
founded the Temple of the Sun at Baalbec, in
Syria ? What ancient historians notice its origin
or existence ? And what modern books are there
on the subject ? HAWADJI.
Fossil Human Skeleton. Is it true that a, fossil
human skeleton was very lately found in a free-
stone quarry near Fondel, in Scotland ?
W. ELFE TATLER.
" The Philistines" Who is the author of The
Philistines, or The Scotch Tocsin sounded, a political
drama, published in 1793 ? R. J.
Weldons of Swanscombe, co. Kent. I am de-
sirous of obtaining all the information possible
regarding the family of Weldon, especially that
branch of it which settled in the county of Kent.
From Hasted's History I learn that the manor of
Swanscombe was possessed by the Weldons from
the thirty-sixth year of Henry VIII. down to
1731. In that year died Walter Weldon, whose
heirs conveyed their estate by sale to Thomas
Blechynden, Esq.
Can any of your readers supply me with the
further history of the Swanscombe Weldons, and
bring down their line to the present day ? One
Colonel Weldon, said to be "of Swanscombe,"
was living in the year 1827, and bore the arms of
the family, which are " Argent, a cinquefoil (or
mullet) gules ; on a chief of the second, a demi-
lion rampant, issuant of the field, armed and
langued azure." H. E. W.
York.
Edward Stanley, B.A. Could any of your
readers give me information regarding Edward
Stanley, B.A., who is author of Elmira, a dra-
matic poem, printed at Norwich in 1790 ? R. J.
Punishment for Striking in the King's Court.
" The Serjeant of the King's Wood-yard brings to the
place of execution a square block, a beetle, staple, and
cords to fasten the hands thereto; the yeoman of the
scullery provides a great fire of coals by the block, where
the searing-irons, brought by the chief farrier, are to be
ready for the chief surgeon to use ; vinegar and cold
water, brought by the groom of the saucery ; the chief
officers also of the cellar and pantry are to be ready, one
with a cup of red wine, and the other with a manchet, to
offer the criminal. The serjeant of the ewry is to bring
linen to wind about and wrap the arm ; the yeoman of
the poultry a cock to lay to it ; the yeoman of the chan-
dlery seared cloths; the master-cook a sharp dresser-
knife, which at the place of execution is to be held
upright by the serjeant of the larder, till execution be
performed by an officer appointed thereunto. After all,
the criminal shall be imprisoned during life, and fined
and ransomed at the king's will."
So far Chamberlain, in his Present State of Great
Britain, 1741. Is there any case on record where
such a sentence has been carried into execution
with all its extraordinary formalities ? WX.
Minatrost. A CORRESPONDENT begs to know
the meaning of the word minatrost, which is men-
tioned in Charles Auchester, vol. i. p. 42. (a novel).
Minor ^aucrferf Suits
" The Little Whig" Speaking of the theatre
erected by Sir John Vanbrugh on the site of the
present opera-house in the Haymarket, called the
Queen's in honour of Queen Anne, and which has
always retained the royal prefix, Cibber says :
" Of this theatre I saw the first stone laid, on which was
inscribed The Little Whig,' in honour to a lady of ex-
50
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd s. NO 29., JULY 19. '56.
traordinary beauty, then the celebrated toast and pride of
that party." Apology, ed^. 1750, pp. 257, 258.
Who was the lady referred to ?
CHARLES WYLIE.
[The "Little Whig" was Anne, Countess of Sunder-
land, second daughter of the great Duke of Marlboro*ugh.
This lady, who was rather petite in person, did not disdain
the cognomen conferred upon her, at a time when every-
thing bore the ensigns of party of one kind or other. Her
death on April 15, 1716, is thus noticed in The Political
State of that date : " On April 15, about two of the clock,
Anne, Countess of Sunderland, daughter of John, Duke of
Marlborough, died of a pleuritick fever ; a lady, who by
her personal accomplishments outshined all the British
court, being the general toast by the name of The Little
Whig; who, for her excellent endowments of mind, good-
nature, and affability, was justly lamented by all that
knew her; and whose irreparable loss, in a particular
manner, affected both her illustrious father and consort."
Among the verses of the Earl of Halifax, given in
Tonson's Miscellany, edited by Drj'den, are the following
lines on the Countess of Sunderland, inscribed on the
toasting-glasses of the Kit-Cat Club:
" All Nature's charms in Sunderland appear,
Bright as her eyes, and as her reason clear ;
Yet still their force, to men not safely known,"
Seems undiscovered to herself alone."
Dr. Arbuthnot in the following epigram seems to de-
rive the name of this celebrated club from the custom of
toasting ladies after dinner, rather than from the name
of the renowned pastry-cook, Christopher Cat:
" Whence deathless Kit Cat took its name
Few critics can unriddle,
Some say from Pastry-cook it came,
And some from Cat and Fiddle.
From no trim beaux its name it boasts,
Grey statesmen or green wits ;
But from its pell-mell pack of toasts
Of old Cats and young Kits!"}
Marston Moreton, co. Bucks [Beds f]. Sarah,
Duchess of Marlborough, widow of the great
duke, devised the manor and estate of Marston
Moreton to the Hon. John Spencer, her grandson.
Query, did he not subsequently change his name?
On what account ? Whom did he marry ? And
of his descendants? JAMES KNOWLES.
[Marston-Moretaine is in Bedfordshire, and according
to Lysons (Beds, vol. i. p. 114.) the Duchess of Marlbo-
rough bequeathed this manor, with the rest of her Bed-
fordshire estates, to her grandson, the Hon. John Spencer,
who also became possessor of the manor of Dunton in
Bucks by the will of the Duchess. The Hon. John
Spencer, of Althorp, was the fourth and youngest son of
Charles, third Earl of Sunderland, by Lady Anne
Churchill, the "little Whig," noticed in the preceding
article, and was born May 13, 1708; M.P. for Wood-
stock, 1731-2; Bedford, 1734, 1741, and 1744; Ranger
and Keeper of Windsor Green Park. Obit, at Wimbledon,
June 20. 1746. He married Georgiana Caroline Carteret,
third daughter of the first Earl Granville. Their son
John was created, in 1761, Viscount and Baron Spencer
of Althorp, and in 1766, Earl Spencer and Viscount Al-
thorp. See any Peerage, as well as Lipscomb's Bucks, iii.
342., for the pedigree of the Spencer family.]
Port Jackson. Fordyce, in his History of
Durham, sub verb, "Greatham," writing of Mr.
Ralph Ward Jackson, the founder of West Hartle-
pool, says :
" In honour of Mr. Jackson, the last ship launched by
Mr. John Pile at Sunderland was christened the ' Port
Jackson.' It may be here stated that Captain Cook, the
great circumnavigator, in order to perpetuate his grati-
tude and friendship for Sir George Jackson, Bart., one of
his earliest benefactors, gave the name of ' Port Jackson '
to the noble harbour he discovered near Botany Bay, in
New South Wales, on the 6th May, 1770."
In the Gazetteer of the World, edited by a
Member of the Royal Geographical Society, sub
verb. " Jackson " (Port), it is said :
" This harbour, perhaps the finest in the world, pre-
senting fifteen miles of deep water, completely protected,
was overlooked by Cook, who laid it down in his chart as a
mere boat-haven. Captain Philip first explored it in Ja-
nuary, 1788, and bestowed on it the name of the man who
was on the look-out when it was discovered"
As both accounts cannot be correct, will the
Editor of " N. & Q.," or a contributor, say which
is f R. W. DIXON.
Seaton Carew, co. Durham.
[After reading these different accounts we are re-
minded of Merrick's chameleon, for "both are right, and
both are wrong," in some particulars. The facts, we be-
lieve, are as follow : Captain Arthur Philip, on being ap-
pointed Governor of Botany Bay, proceeded with three
boats and some of his officers to examine what Captain
Cook had termed Broken Bay, where the Hawkesbury
disembogues ; but while proceeding thither, he resolved
to examine an inlet, which, in Cook's chart, was marked
as a boat harbour, but apparently so small as not to be
worth investigating. Cook had therefore passed to the
northward, and given the inlet the name of Port Jackson,
which was that of the seaman at the mast-head, who first
descried it while on the look-out. Capt. Philip entered
between the lofty headlands to examine this " boat har-
bour," and his astonishment may be more easily con-
ceived than described, when he found, not a boat creek,
but one of the safest havens in the world, where the
whole of the British navy might securely ride at anchor.
Consult R. Montgomery Martin's Colonial Library,
vol. ii. p. 24.]
Navigation by Steam.
" Earl Stanhope's experiments for navigating vessels by
the steam-engine, without masts or sails, have succeeded
so much to his satisfaction on a small scale, that a vessel
of 200 tons burden, on this principle, is now building
under his direction. The expence of this vessel is to be
paid by the Navy Board in the first instance, on condition
that, if she do not answer after a fair trial, she shail be
returned to Earl Stanhope, and all the expence made
good by him." Historical Chronicle of the "Bee," for
1792, pi 23.
Is there any farther account of the result of the
experiments and of the plans of this patriotic no-
bleman ? G. 1ST.
[A similar account of the earl's steam-vessel appeared
in the Gentleman's Magazine for October, 1792 (p. 956.),
where it is stated that it was then being built under his
direction by Mr. Stalkart ; but we hear nothing more of
it. About this time, Robert Fulton, an American, then
living at Torbay in Devonshire, held some correspondence
with Earl Stanhope on the subject of moving ships by a
2 nd S. NO 29., JULY 19. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
51
steam-engine. In 1795, the Earl revived the project of
Genevois, the pastor of Berne, to impel boats with duck-
feet oars, but he could not cause his vessel to move at a
higher rate than three miles an hour.]
Kepltaf.
CHARLES LENNOX, FIRST DUKE OF RICHMOND.
(2 nd S. ii. 5.)
The following account of the Duke of Rich-
mond's reconversion to the English Church is pre-
served in Bishop Kennett's Collections, vol. liv.
p, 216. (Lansdown MS. 988.), and is entitled :
" The Declaration of the Duke of Richmond, when he
was restored to the Communion of the Church of England
in Lambeth Palace, May loth, being Whit-Sunday, 1692."
" Do you sincerely, in the presence of Almighty God,
the Searcher of all hearts, and before this assembly, de-
clare your hearty contrition and repentance for having
publicly renounced and abjured the Reformed Religion
professed in the Church of England, in which you were
baptized and bred? And that you are truly sensible
that in so doing you have grievously offended Almighty
God, and given just cause of scandal to others, for which
you beg forgiveness of God and men ?
" Answer. All this I do declare from my heart.
" Do you solemnly retract the said abjuration, and now
sincerely renounce all the errors and corruptions of the
Church of Rome; being convinced in your conscience,
that in many of their doctrines and practices they have
departed from the primitive Christianity: particularly,
do 3'ou renounce all the new articles which Pope Pius IV.
hath added to the Apostles' Creed, and which were esta-
blished in the Council of Trent?
" Ans. I do sincerely, as in the presence of God.
" Do you solemnly promise before God and this con-
gregation, that you will, by God's grace, continue steel-
fast in the profession you have made to the end of your
life?
" Ans. I promise, by the grace of God, so to do.
" Do you desire to be admitted to Confirmation accord-
ing to the Order of the Church of England, to the Com-
munion whereof you are now restored ?
" Ans. It is my desire.
" The Duke of Richmond's Declaration, subscribed with his
hand, May 15, 1692.
" I, Charles Duke of Richmond and Lenox, do sincerely
in the presence of Almighty God, the Searcher of all
hearts, and before this Assembly, declare my hearty con-
trition and repentance for having publicly renounced and
abjured the Reformed Religion professed in the Church of
England, in which I was baptized and bred. And am
truly sensible, that in so doing I have grievously offended
Almighty God, and given just cause of scandal to others :
for which I beg forgiveness of God and men. And I do
solemnly retract the said abjuration, and do now sin-
cerely renounce all the errors and corruptions of the
Church of Rome, being convinced in my conscience that
m many of their doctrines and practices they have de-
parted from the primitive Christianity. Particularly, I
do renounce all the new articles which Pope Pius IV.
hath added to the Apostles' Creed, and which were esta-
blished in the Council of Trent. And I do solemnly
promise before God and this congregation, that I will by
God s grace continue stedfast in the profession I have now
made to the end of my life. And in testimony of this
my unfeigned repentance and resolut lons > I do hereunto
subscribe my name, the loth day of Mt/V 1692.
RICHMOND.
In the presence of Step. Fox, James C^adwick, Geo.
Royse, Ra. Barker, A. Hill, Ralph Snow."
J. .J/EOWELL.
ROYAL REGIMENT OF ARTILLERY.
(2 nd S. i. 278.)
The following notice of the distinct forma tion
of the Royal Fusileers and Royal Regiment of
Artillery, will set the question of the identity of
these corps at rest. I have inserted a quotation
from Mr. Cannon's Records of the British Arm^
which may be interesting to your readers.
R. R. A. will find a history of his regiment af
Mr. J. W. Parker's establishment in the Strand ;
also in Kane's History of the Royal Artillery t in
the garrison library at Woolwich :
" In 1664 King Charles II. raised a corps for sea-
service, styled the Admiral's regiment. In 1678 each
company of 100 men usually consisted of 30 pikemen,
60 musketeers, and 10 men armed with light firelocks.
In this year the King added a company of men armed
with hand-grenades to each of the old British regiments,
which was designated the grenadier company.' Daggers
were so contrived as to fit in the muzzles of the muskets,
and bayonets, similar to those at present in use, were
adopted" about twenty years afterwards.
" An Ordnance regiment was raised in 1685, by order
of King James II., to guard the artillery, and was desig-
nated the Royal Fusiliers (now 7th Foot). This corps,
and the companies of grenadiers, did not carry pikes.
" Queen Anne succeeded to the throne of England,
March 8, 1702 ; and during her reign, the pikes hitherto
in use were laid aside, and every infant^ soldier was
armed with a musket, bayonet, and sword ; the grenadiers
ceased, about the same period, to carry hand grenades:
the corps of Royal Artillery was first added to the army
in this reign."
The first Colonel-commandant of the Royal
Artillery was Albert Borgard, who was appointed
April 14, 1705 ; and died in 1750, on March 8 of
which year he was succeeded by Colonel William
Belford.
The occasion of raising the corps now known
as the 7th Regiment, or Royal Fusileers, was as
follows. The invention of gunpowder, in 1320,
was followed in 1338 by the introduction of can-
non ; but many years elapsed before a corps of
artillery was added to the army. The guns were
fired by men hired for the purpose : non-com- '
missioned officers and soldiers were frequently
employed as gunners, and the care and protection
of the guns were confided to particular corps.
On the augmentation of the army during the
rebellion of James Duke of Monmouth, in June
1685, King James II. resolved that the first of
the newly-raised infantry corps should be an
ordnance regiment for the care and protection of
the cannon, of which corps his majesty appointed
52
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nds. N 29., JULY 19. '56.
George Lord Da' ..{.mouth (then Master-general of
the Ordnance) f uO be, colonel, by commission dated
June 11, lG85 y> At this period the regular regi-
ments were composed of musketeers, armed with
muskets a^d swords ;" of pikemen, armed with
long pikfjs and swords; and of grenadiers,* armed
with h< r j,nd -grenades, muskets, bayonets, swords,
and sijaall hatchets ; but in the ordnance regiment
every raa n carried a long musket called & fusil,
with a sword and bayonet from which pecu-
liarity the regiment obtained the name of the
Royal Fusileers. Thus it will be seen that the
Rf *yal Fusileers existed, as a regiment of the Line,
twenty years previous to the formation of the
F.oyal Regiment of Artillery, which never be-
1 onged to the Line, but was always a separate
'oranch of the army. G. L. S.
PLANTS IN SLEEPING ROOMS.
(2 nd S. i. 433.)
There are two distinct and apparently opposite
processes going on in the plant: I. The decom-
position of carbonic acid the fixation of the car-
bon for the purpose of building up its own tissues
and the liberation of the oxygen. This con-
stitutes vegetable nutrition : II. The exhaling
carbonic acid, the result of the union of the oxygen
of the atmosphere with the carbon of the vegetable
tissues. This is analogous to respiration. The
first of these processes is not only beneficial to
animal life, but absolutely essential to its existence,
for as the animal inhales oxygen and exhales car-
bonic acid in the process of respiration, if some
agency did not work out the reverse change, the
whole of the oxygen in the atmosphere would be
used up in a certain length of time (800,000 years
according to Professor ""Dumas), and animal life
consequently disappear. But as it is, animals and
plants are thus mutually dependent upon each
other; and this is the case, not merely with regard
to carbonic acid, but also some other compounds,
such as ammonia, water, &c., which are formed in
animals and decomposed in plants. So far, then, it
is healthy to have plants in rooms. But there is
the second process a kind of decay, or by some
looked upon as true respiration ; and as this is
precisely what occurs in animals, it must of course
add to the carbonic acid of the atmosphere, and
thus produce an effect prejudicial to animal life.
If both these processes were carried on to the
same extent, the one would, as a matter of course,
counteract the other, and neither would pro-
duce either good or evil as to its effects upon the
atmosphere. But as the former, under general
circumstances, preponderates excessively over the
latter, it is on the whole healthy to live amongst
plants. There are circumstances, however, in
which the respiratory process is active, and the
nutritive at a stand-still, and here the influence of
ihe vegetable upon the atmosphere will be in-
urious to animal life. One of these circumstances
s the absence of sunshine, or daylight (as these
itimuli are necessary to the carrying on the process
of nutrition in the plant). It is therefore in-
urious, more or less, to Bleep in a room in which
there are plants. GEO. SEXTON, M.D., F.R.G.S.
Kennington Cross.
In reply to C. T. B. I copy the following passage
from The Handbook of Gardening, by Edward
Kemp, p. 12. :
' Plants convert the oxygen and carbon which they
receive from the soil and "air into carbonic acid, which
the}' exhale at night. This being a deadly and dangerous
gas" to human beings, plants and flowers are not con-
sidered healthy in a sitting or bed room during the night.
In the day they give off oxygen, especially in the morn-
ing, which is reputed to render the morning air so fresh
and exhilarating. They are very useful in absorbing
from the air the carbon which is so injurious to animal
life ; and they purify stagnant water in the same way."
Are the above statements correct ? Do plants
perform by day and by night two contrary opera-
tions ?
In The Flower Garden, reprinted by Mr. Mur-
ray, from the Quarterly Review, the fear of the
exhalations from flowers at night is treated as a
popular error. See the close of the treatise, p. 81.
STYLITES.
FLEMING'S "RISE AND TALL OF THE PAPACY."
(2 nd S. i. 479.)
In Fleming's Discourse on the Rise and Fall of
Papacy (edit. 1792, at p. 43.), is the following
observable foot-note by the " publisher : "
" In calculating the difference betwixt the prophetic
and sydereal year (see p. 13.), our author reckons the
latter, according to the gross computation, to be only
365 days ; not regarding, as he says, ' the smaller mea-
sures of time.' But the fact is a complete annual revolu-
tion of the sun exceeds that calculation by several hours
and minutes, a sydereal year being 365 days, 6 hours,
and about 10 minutes. In 1278 years, therefore, there
will be a difference of about 3284 days, or nearly one
whole year: so that the great event predicted by our
author will fall out one year sooner than by his calcula-
tion, viz. in the year 1793, which brings it still nearer to
the present time."
To the intelligent readers of your valuable
periodical, it need not be more than mentioned
that Louis XVI. suffered decapitation in the year
1793 ; thus verifying, it may be said, almost to a
day, the accuracy of the calculations of Fleming,
as well as in being a literal description of the
words of the latter (p. 43.) :
" That whereas the present French king (1701) takes
the sun for his emblem, and this for his motto, Nee plu-
ribus impar, he may at length, or rather his successors
and the monarchy itself (at least before the year 1794),
2 nd S. NO 29., JULY 19. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
53
be forced to acknowledge that in respect to the neigh-
bouring potentates he is even singulis impar"
Fleming, in deducing his calculations as to the
Papacy, says at p. 49. :
This Judgment (fifth vial") will probably begin about
the year 1794, and expire about A.c. 1848 : so that the
duration of it, upon this supposition, will be for the space
of 54 years. For I do not suppose that seeing the Pope
received the title of Supreme Bishop no sooner than Ann.
606, he cannot be supposed to have any vial poured upon
his Seat immediately, so as to ruin his authority so sig-
nally as this Judgment must be supposed to do until the
year 1848, which is the date of 1260 years in prophetical
account when they are reckoned from Ann. 606. But yet
we are not to imagine that this vial will totally destroy
the Papacy, tho' it will exceedingly weaken it; for we
find this still in being and alive when the next vial is
poured out."
Now it is again not a little remarkable, that
from 1848 to 1850 took place the revolution at
Koine, the flight of the Pope to Gaeta, his resi-
dence there, and his having been brought back to
Rome only through the power of France. It
cannot be said that the Pope's authority and the
Papacy were "destroyed" by this revolution,
though they were certainly at that time on the
very brink of perdition ; but that they have been
since "exceedingly weakened" by it, no one can
doubt, seeing the troubles which are presently
occurring from the disturbed and unsatisfactory
position of Italian affairs both in Church and
State. The events which likewise happened in
the abdication of Louis Philippe, and the new suc-
cession to the French throne (all of which cannot
be dilated on) ; as also the humbled condition of
the Pope when made prisoner by Napoleon Bona-
parte during the period of the currency of the
above-mentioned fifty-four years prior to 1848,
and the inauguration of the emperor's son as King
of Rome, with other historical points that might
be stated, may in whole be regarded as proofs of
the singular shrewdness of Fleming in scanning
those mysterious books, in the study of which he
had been successful beyond every commentator
who had handled them.
It appears to be the opinion of Fleming (p. 49.)
that the "sixth vial will be poured out on the
Mahometan Anti-Christ," and that the " seventh
vial" more particularly relates to "Rome or mys-
tical^ Baby Ion :" "these two vials as it were one
continued, the first running into the second, and
the second completeing the first" " only you may
observe (p. 50.) that the first of these will proba-
bly take up most of the time between the year
1848 and the year 2000." " Supposing, then,
that the Turkish monarchy should be totally de-
stroyed (p. 51.) between 1848 and 1900, we may
justly assign 70 or 80 years longer to the end of
the 6th seal, and about 20 or 30 at most to the
last." ^ Lately, the "sick man" only escaped de-
struction from the paws of the Bear ; and though
the invalid may have had a turn in his complaint,
and be again looking better, it cannot be doubted
that he carries within himself the seeds of his early
dissolution.
The author's reasonings on these topics are too
long to be here followed out ; but if his discrimi-
nation in arguing from the past be taken into
account, it is probable he may yet be found one
of the most judicious interpreters of the future.
At the expiry of the " seventh vial," he considers
that "the blessed millennium of Christ's spiritual
reign on earth will begin" say, year 2000.
Other students of prophecy, posterior to Fleming,
have placed the commencement of this event re-
spectively in 1866, 1947, 2300. It will be for
those then alive carefully to watch these epochs
and the signs of the times. Under the dominion
of peace the diffusion of education, secular and
religious, along with the rapid improvements
making in art and science who can say what
mighty things may not be effected to usher in this
happy day for the human race ? G. N.
BIOGRAPHICAL QUERIES.
(2 nd S. i. 472.)
Joseph Trapp, D.D. Born in 1679 ; in 1695
he was entered a commoner of Wadham College,
and, in 1696, was admitted a scholar of the same
house. He proceeded B.A. 1699; M.A. 1702;
D.D. by diploma, 1727. In 1704, he was chosen
a Fellow; in 1708, he was appointed the first
professor of poetry; and in 1711, chaplain to Sir
Constantine Phipps, Lord Chancellor of Ireland.
He died Nov. 22, 1747. A list of his publications,
forty-eight in number, will be found in Chalmers's
Biographical Dictionary.
Philip Bisse, of New College, Oxford; B.A.
1690; M.A. 1693; B. and D.D. 1705; conse-
crated Bishop of St. David's, Nov. 19, 1710;
translated to Hereford, Feb. 16, 1713. He died
at Westminster, Sept. 6, 1724. He published A
Sermon at the Anniversary of the Sons of the
Clergy, Dec. 2, 1708 ; and A Fast Sermon preached
before the House of Commons, London, 1710.
Thomas Gore, born at Alderton, Wilts, 1631,
became a commoner of Magdalen College, Oxford,
in May 1647. After he had continued there more
than three years, and had performed his exercise
for the degree of B.A., he retired to Lincoln's Inn,
and afterwards to his patrimony at Alderton ;
where he died March 31, 1684. His publications
were :
1. A Table shewing how to Blazon a Coat ten several
Ways, 1655 ; a single sheet, copied from Feme.
2. Series Alphabetic^, Latino- Anglica, Nominum Gen-
tilitiorum, sive Cognominum plurimarum Familiarum,
qua3 multos per annos in Anglia floruere, Oxon., 1667, 8vo.
3. Catalogus in certa Capita, seu Classes, plerorumque
54
NOTES AND QUERIES.
{-2nd g. N 29., JULY 19. '56.
omnium Authorum qui de re heraldica scripserunt, Oxon.
1668. Reprinted, with enlargements, 1674.
4. Nomenclator Geographicus, etc., Oxon., 1667, 8vo.
5. Loyalty Displayed, and Falsehood Unmasked ; or a
Just Vindication of Thos. Gore, Esq., High Sheriff of
Wilts. London: 1681. 4to.
For the above information, I am principally
indebted to Chalmers's Biographical Dictionary ;
Wood's Athena Oxon.; and Nichols's Literary
Anecdotes. 'A\ievs.
Dublin.
Thos. Gore. He was born at Alderton, or
Aldrington, in Wiltshire ; in 1631, commoner of
.Magdalen Coll. ; and afterwards a member of the
Society of Lincoln's Inn. He died at Alderton
in March 1684, and was buried there.
In 1655, he published A Table shewing how to
.Blazon a Coat ten several Ways. In 1667 :
" Series Alphabetica Latino- Anglica,Nominum Gentili-
tiorum sive Cognominum plurimarum Familiarum, quse
multos per annos in Anglia floruere : e libris qua manu-
scriptis qua typis excusis, aliisque antiquioris aevi monu-
mentis Latinis'collecta."
In 1668 :
" Catalogus in certa Capita, seu Classes, alphabetico
ordine concinnatus, plerorumque omnium authorum (tarn
antiquorum quam recentiorum) qui de re Heraldica, La-
ine, Gallice, etc., scripserunt."
This work was republished in 1674, with addi-
tions. He was also the author of Nomenclator Geo-
graphicus, published 1667 ; also of a MS. written
jn 1662, entitled " Spicilegia Heraldica," and of
JLoyalty displayed and Falsehood unmasked, 1681.
He was sheriff of Wilts, 1680.
.Joseph Trapp. ALFRED T. LEE will find a
full account of Joseph Trapp in Biographia Bri-
itannica, Nichols's Bowyer, Chalmers's Biographical
Dictionary ', and Penny Cyclopaedia.
Philip Bisse. Philip Bisse was of New Col-
lege ; was M.A. Jan. 15, 1693, and B. and D.D.
Jan. 29, 1705. He was made Bishop of Hereford
1712, and died there Sept. 6, 1721. He and his
wife Bridget were buried in Hereford Cathedral.
T. P.
Clifton.
Gregory de Karwent. In the Index of Abp.
Peckham's register, A.D. 1279 to 1292, in Harl.
MS. 6062-3., by Dr. Ducarel, it is stated at vol. ii.
p. 604., that Tetbury Church was vacant in 1279
by the death of Gregory de Karwent, and that a
successor must wait the approbation of the Pope.
Tetbury at this period was in the diocese of
Worcester. Y.
[In the British Museum, among the Additional Char-
ters, Nos, 5274 5279., will be found some charters re-
lating to Tetbury vicarage, 2 Edw. II. ED.]
EXTRAORDINARY FACT.
(2 nd S. i. 354.)
I cannot believe this fact to be correctly stated.
A vessel from Tunis is said to have put into a
port in the county of Antrim, in the north of Ire-
land, through stress of weather, and the sailors
walking through the country entered into con-
versation with the Irish peasants at work in the
fields, speaking the one the language used at
Tunis, and the other Irish. What is this but to
prove that the Phoenician still spoken at Tunis at
the date assigned, the end of last century, and the
Irish were the same tongue. The Phoenicians and
Celts are now allowed to be different races, speak-
ing different languages ; and a corrupt Arabic has
been for a long time spoken at Tunis, to the ex-
clusion of the languages used before the Arab
conquest. A scene in The Pcenulus of the Roman
comic writer Plautus, in the Punic tongue, was
attempted to be explained by General Vallancey
through the Irish, but the attempt has been pro-
nounced chimerical. This leads me to another
subject, which I have found of great interest.
The Carthaginians were a colony of Tyre, a Phce-
nician people, a part of the same people called
Canaanites. The names of Canaanite and Phoe-
nician are applied to the same race, the one name
derived from Chua, or Canaan, a son of Ham, and
the other taken from the reddish brown colour of
the people, signified by the Greek word 4>otj/t|, as
a darker shade is denoted by Ai&o\J/ for the Ethio-
pian, supposed to belong to a dark people in the
south of Phoenicia as well as in Africa. I see it
noticed that the Greek Septuagint frequently
renders Canaan and Canaanite in the Hebrew by
Phoenicia and Phoenician. One of our Saviour's
miracles was the casting a devil out of the child
of a woman called by St. Matthew, xv. 22., a
woman of Canaan, and by St. Mark, vii. 26., a
Tyro-Phoenician woman ; and a coin of Laodicea,
in Phoenicia, of the age of Antiochus Epiphanes,
has the inscription, " Laodicea, mother of Canaan."
St. Augustin, an African by birth, the Bishop of
Hippo Regius, a little to the west of Carthage,
who flourished in the fourth and fifth centuries
after Christ, says, Ep. ad Rom. :
" Interrogate rustic! nostri quid sint Punice respon-
dentes Chanani corrupta? Scilicet voce sicut in talibus
solet quod aliud respondent quam Chananaei." Quoted
Kenrick's Phoenicia, p. 42., and Palestine, VUnivers Pit-
tor esque, p. 81.
The Carthaginians were called by Virgil " Tyrios
Bilingues," from their being obliged, in addition
to the Punic, to make use of another language,
supposed by Prichard to be of the African abo-
rigines, Berbers, whose tongue, different from the
Hebrew, has still relations to it; and the people
themselves belong to the Himyaritic, a more
southern Arabian race, along with the Abyssinians,
O 29., JULY 19. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
55
to whose old Gyz tongues the Berber language
approaches more nearly. I should have expected
the African peasantry to have retained rather
their old tongue, the Berber, than the Punic ; but
in the time of Leo Africanus, the sixteenth cen-
tury, all the cities on the African coast spoke
Arabic, and the use of this language has since ex-
tended in the north of Africa. I say nothing of
the inscription on the columns at the pillars of
Hercules, mentioned by the Greek historian of the
Vandal war, Procopius, and doubted by Gibbon,
as its authenticity is not believed.* The Hebrew,
or a dialect of it, is said to have been the lan-
guage of the Jews, Phoenicians, and Philistines,
and the Punic scene in Plautus's comedy is trans-
lated or explained by Hebrew, as is a Carthaginian
inscription of prices of victims for sacrifice, on a
tablet found in 1845 at Marseilles, near the site of
the Temple of Diana of Ephesus, the tutelar deity
of the ancient Massilia ; and there are other in-
scriptions at Athens, and in the Mediterranean
Islands, all of which lead to the same conclusion,
the identity of the Phoenician and Hebrew lan-
guages. Had Hannibal (whose name contains the
Canaanite Baal) prevailed over the Romans, the
world might have been Canaanite, as it might
afterwards have been Arabian, had not Charles
Martel vanquished the Moors at the great battle
contested so long and so obstinately between the
Christian Franks and the Mahometan Moors,
fought in A.D. 732, in the plains between Tours
and Poictiers, in the south of France. This pecu-
liarity is remarked, that the Canaanites descended
of Ham spoke a language of the people descended
of the elder brother Shem, the ancestor of the
Asiatic nations. The Jews springing from the
Chaldini or Chaldeans derive their origin from a
Shemite source ; while the Philistines, in the south
of Phoenicia, are said to be from Crete, or from
the north of Arabia, and to be descended also
from Ham, but differing from the northern Phoe-
nicians, who along with the Jews and Egyptians
practised circumcision, in not using that rite.
I would wish to find the Celts in Asia. Pri-
chard has published a volume supplementary to his
great work of Researches into the Physical History
of Mankind, to trace their Eastern Origin by com-
parison of the Celtic Dialects with the Sanscrit,
Greek, Latin, and Teutonic Languages ; but I do
not know of any historical evidence, or of any
* The inscription is, " We are those who fled from the
face of the robber Joshua, the son of Nun." (Phoenicia,
p. 67.) M. Munk, in Palestine, p. 81., remarks in a note,
that the expression of the original Greek Englished from
the face is Hebrew, but not Greek, and thence inferred
that Procopius, a Pagan, did not forge the inscription, but
in his narration translated a Phoenician expression. The
existence of this fabulous tradition may also show a belief
in the identity of the Phoenicians and Canaanites to have
been entertained when Procopius wrote in the sixth cen-
tury.
archaeological antiquities out of Europe, that can
be said to be exclusively Celtic. There are circles
of stones in India, and other remains in Asia. De
Saulay mentions a heap of stones at Hebron, and
another monument at a place near the north end
of the Dead Sea, both which appeared to re-
semble Celtic remains, but he gives no drawing of
either, and does not speak certainly. (Voyage
autour de la Mer Morte, torn. ii. pp. 92. 168.)
The European circles and underground buildings
are not established to belong exclusively to the
Celts, but are seen in the mist of a remote an-
tiquity. Amedee Thierry, in his History of the
Gauls from the earliest Period till their ultimate and
entire Subjugation by the Romans, A.D. 79, during
the Reign of the Emperor Vespasian, assigned
them previous to their final subjection a seat and
nation in Gaul of 1700 years, which would place
them in their European residence at a date about
600 years only from the confusion of languages at
the building of the Tower of Babel, 2247 years
before Christ according to received chronology.
I am aware that Mr. Kenrick, in which he is fol-
lowed by Prichard, objects to the chronology of
the early ages, as not allowing sufficient time for
the origin and development of races and nations.
The Irish Celts I have understood to be Gallic of
the earliest wave of the race, perhaps the most
ancient Celts of the British Empire, and their an-
tiquity may reasonably be supposed to be akin to
that of the Gallic Celts in Gaul. Their connection
with the Phoenicians or Berbers, or I may add, the
Euskaldunes, the Basques, is not so readily to be
conjectured or entertained. W. H. F.
Kirkwall.
NOTES ON REGIMENTS.
(2 nd S. i. 516.)
I am induced to make a few remarks on the
article in your pages entitled " Notes on Regi-
ments," in order that certain inaccuracies and
misstatements therein mentioned may not pass
uncontradicted.
In those Notes the 80th regiment are called the
" Connaught Rangers." The 80th are the " Staf-
fordshire Volunteers." Any Army List would
show that the above appellation applies alone to
the gallant 88th, on whom it was conferred when
they were first raised in that part of Ireland in
1795, by Lord Clanricarde.
The 56th are called Pompadours, not from
their present (purple) facings, but from the fol-
lowing circumstance, as related' to me by an old
officer of the regiment nearly thirty years ago.
In 1756, when this regiment was first raised, its
facings were a crimson or puce colour, called ia
those days "Pompadour," from the celebrated lady
56
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd s. No 29., JULY 19. '56.
who patronised it ; and hence the name as applied
to the regiment whose facings it formed.
I may incidentally mention that on visiting a
cotton mill near Oldham in Lancashire, in 1827,
I was surprised to find the word " Pompadour "
on a crimson cotton print, and on seeking ^for an
explanation, I was told it was applied to that par-
ticular shade of crimson.
Like the gosling green facings as formerly worn
by the 66th regiment, it was found too delicate a
colour for such a purpose, and too apt to fade and
change by exposure to the sun, and consequently
was ordered to be done away with. The then
colonel of the regiment wished it to be made
royal, and substitute blue for the facings ; but
not being able to effect this, he resorted to purple
as the nearest approach to blue.
The 4th regiment have no such motto as " Quis
separabit." The 4th Royal Irish Dragoon Guards
have it, in conjunction with the badge of the
Order of St. Patrick, of which it is the motto.
It was given as a national distinction to this, as
also to two other Irish regiments, the 86th county
Down, and 88th Connaught Rangers.
For the same reason (that of national distinc-
tion) the badge of the Order of the Thistle, and
its accompanying motto, "Nemo me impune la-
cessit," has been permitted to be worn by the fol-
lowing Scotch regiments : the Scots Greys, the
21st North British Fusileers, and 42nd Royal
Highlanders.
The 42nd Royal Highlanders were originally
formed from six independent companies of High-
landers that, had been raised in 1730 for the pro-
tection of Edinburgh, and for police and other
local purposes, and from being dressed in black,
blue, and green tartans, presented a very sombre
appearance, which procured for them the name of
" Freicudan Dhu," or Black Watch. These inde-
pendent companies were, in 1739, amalgamated
into a regular regiment, unde'r the title of the
Highland Regiment, and in 1751 was numbered
as the 42nd.
Should this communication meet with approval,
I shall have great pleasure in again reverting to
the subject. MILES.
PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.
Photographic Exhibition at Brussels. We last week
received a letter from our excellent contemporary, the
Editor of La Lumiere, to which, from circumstances, we
were unavoidably prevented calling attention in last
Saturday's " N. & Q." The purport of M. LACAN'S com-
munication was to announce that, at the public Ex-
hibition at Brussels, which is about to take place under
the superintendence and management of the Association
for the Encouragement of fche Industrial Arts in Belgium,
Photography will be one of the leading features. The
French photographers will contribute largely; and as
the Exhibition will not be considered complete unless
the English Photographers are fairly represented, it is
hoped that they will entrust specimens of their produc-
tions to the manager of the present Exhibition. Com-
munications on the subject are to be addressed to M. E.
Romberg, 58. Rue Roy ale a Bruxelles ; and Photographs,
Photographic Instruments, &c., (which will be received
until the 1st of August,) are to be sent to M. le President
de I' Association pour I' Encouragement des Arts industriels
en Belgique, a I 'Entrepot de Bruxelles. Though the notice
is short, we hope our photographic friends will avail
themselves of this opportunity of showing the Belgian
Photographers what England can produce in this new,
but most important, branch of Art.
tfl
The Hoe (2 nd S. i. 471 .) MR. JOHN BOASE,
Penzance, says, " This is a Note, not a Query."
But he, at the same time, re-makes it a Query by
writing "Elbe Hohe," " Alster Hohe." We write
Hohe, or Hoehe, which is then pronounced as a
diphthong, the h aspirated. The origin of Hoe
may be German (Saxon), but it is one of those
words which have suffered many metamorphoses
in sound during the lapse of time. DR. J. L.
15. Gower Street.
Holly, the only indigenous English Evergreen
(2 nd S. i. 399. 443. 502.) I have only been able
to see the Gentleman s Magazine for 1787, though
I have applied at two libraries to which I sub-
scribe.
Hooker and Arnott (British Flora, edit. 1850,
pp. 369. 408.) omit the asterisk (*) with which,
at p. xii., they explain that they have branded
"the many" plants "that have been or are daily
becoming naturalised among us."
The editor of the Gardeners' Chronicle (Dr.
Lindley), G. C. 1856, p. 440. c., writes, "The yew
is certainly indigenous ; and we never heard the
box -tree suspected of being a foreigner."
Selby (British Forest Trees, 1842, p. 363.)
writes, " The yew is indigenous to Britain." I
maintain, therefore, that ALGERNON HOLT WHITE
was wrong " in calling the holly our only indigen-
ous evergreen, to the exclusion especially of the
yew and box;" and there are with me, on the
trial of this issue, Hooker, Arnott, Lindley, and
Selby. GEO. E. FRERE.
Royden Hall, Diss.
Will MR. WHITE consider the opinions of Ge-
rard, Parkinson, Phillips, London, and Withering
as of some value in deciding the question, whether
the yew-tree and box are indigenous evergreens?
Phillips, in his Sylvia Florifera, remarks, " The
box was formerly much more plentiful in England
than now, and gave names to several places, such
as Boxhill and Boxley, &c." Evelyn also speaks
of it as growing wild, and forming " rare natural
bowers." The other authorities speak with the
same certainty, with the exception of Loudon,
who throws a doubt over box being indigenous, be-
2nd s. N 29., JULY 19. '56. J
NOTES AND QUERIES.
57
cause it is not often found wild at the present day ;
but there is no doubt with any of these writers
respecting the yew, which grows wild in lanes in
Staffordshire, in many of the dales in Derbyshire,
being particularly luxuriant in Dovedale, in many
parts of Wales, on the hills round Windermere,
on rocks in Borrowdale, and indeed generally
throughout the English Lake district. I do not
take authority for this, having had the satisfaction
of seeing it in the places mentioned. H. J.
Wands worth.
Hobson's Choice (2 nd S. i. 472.) The usual
explanation of this saying held good in Steele's
time, for he gives it in No. 509. of the Spectator,
thus prefaced :
" I shall conclude this discourse with an explanation
of a proverb, which by vulgar error is taken and used
when a man is reduced* to an" extremity, whereas the pro-
priety of the maxim is to use it when you would say there
is plenty, but you must make such a choice as not to hurt
another who is to come after you."
In the same paper it is said :
" This memorable man stands drawn in fresco at an Inn
(which he used) in Bishopsgate Street, with an hundred-
pound bag under his arm, with this inscription upon the
said bag :
' The fruitful mother of a hundred more.' "
What inn is here referred to, and is the portrait
still in existence ?
The inscription reminds me of a Hampshire
farmer's definition of a clever man :
" I calls he a clever chap as can rub one fi-pun note
agen another and make another on un."
R. W. HACKWOOD.
" Magdalen College, Oxford (2 nd S. i. 334,)
The " trusty and well-beloved " John Huddleston,
the first person mentioned in King James's war-
rant to the president, to be admitted a demy of
the said college, was probably the Roman Catholic
priest who administered the sacrament to King
Charles II. on his death-bed. W. H. W. T.
Somerset House.
Horsetalk (2 nd S. i. 335.) In Italy and the
South of France, a driver cries " ee " to his horse,
when he wants him to go on. This is doubtless
**i," the imperative of eo, pronounced in the con-
tinental fashion ; and has probably descended un-
changed from the time of Romulus. STTLITES.
Song by Old Doctor Wilde " Hallow my
Fancie (2 nd S. i. 511.) S. S. S. inquires whe-
ther there is, "in reality, such an old song" as
that quoted by the author of " Bond and Free,"
in a late number of Household Words ? There is
such a song, and it may be found in a very com-
mon source of information, Chambers's Cyclopedia
of English Literature, vol. i. p. 395., where the
editor states it to be taken " from a collection of
poems entitled Her Boreale, by R. Wild, D.D.,
1668." S. S. S. will find this song of Dr. Wild's
preceded by " Hallo my Fancy," which Mr.
Chambers assigns to that prolific author Mr.
"Anonymous." CUTHBERT BEDE, B.A.
Felo-de-se > (2 nd S. i. 313.) Queen Elizabeth,
by a charter in the forty-first year of her reign,
granted (inter alia) to the corporation of the
borough of Andover, Hants (to whom the manor
of Andover had belonged for centuries), the
goods and chattels of felons, fugitives, and out-
laws, and of persons put in exigent, and of felons
of themselves, and goods, chattels, waived estrays,
deodands, found or forfeited, arising within the
manor or borough of Andover aforesaid.
The rights have been exercised by the corpo-
ration when occasions have occurred.
W. H. W. T.
Somerset House.
Comic Song on the Income Tax (2 nd S. i. 472.)
In looking over some songs amongst which I
thought I had a copy of the one sought for by
E. H. D. D., I found the following, which as it
bears on the same subject he may perhaps like to
possess a copy of.
I need hardly say that the parody is on Moore's
song " Those Evening Bells : "
" That Income Tax ! that Income Tax,
How every clause my poor brain racks,
How dear was that sweet time to me,
Ere first I heard of Schedule B.
"Those untaxed joys are passed away,
And many a heart that then was gay
Is sleeping 'neath the turf in packs,
And cares not for the Income Tax.
"And so 'twill be when I am gone,
That Candid ' Peel will still tax on,
And other bards shall sadly ax
* Why not repeal the Income Tax ? ' "
R. W, HACKWOOD.
Blood which will not wash out (2 nd S. i. 461.)
Your valuable correspondent MR. PEACOCK says :
" I have been informed that the blood of the
priests who were martyred at the Convent of the
Cannes at Paris during the French Revolution is
yet visible on the pavement. This is a fact that
some of your correspondents can no doubt verify."
While at Paris, last October, I went to the Carmes,
and there saw on the walls and floor of the chapel
those spots of blood about which ME, PEACOCK
speaks. They look quite fresh in places, and there
are many of them.
Though the chapel is private, and used only, I
believe, by the inmates of that now educational
establishment, sure am I that the abbe Cruice,
who so ably presides over it, will, with his usual
courtesy, allow any English traveller to see that
oratory and its walls stained with the blood of
more than eighty churchmen, whose_only imputed
58
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd s. NO 29., JULY 19. '56.
crime was their priesthood, and among whom, if I
remember well, there was one bishop. D. ROCK.
Newick, Uckfield.
Sir Edward Coke (2 nd S. ii. 19.) The great
lawyer's autograph will, I presume, be deemed a
better authority for the correct mode of spelling
his name than the " Epistle Dedicatorie " cited by
your correspondent G. N. I have in my posses-
sion a case for counsel's opinion referred to Sir
Edward, who subscribes it thus :
"I am of opinion the
retorne is good.
EDW. COKE."
This surely is decisive on the question at issue.
L. B. L.
Martin the French Peasant- Prophet, fyc. (2 nd S.
i. 490.) The most authentic and complete ac-
count of the extraordinary mission of Thomas
Martin to the French King Louis XVIII., is con-
tained in a work, entitled Le Passe et L'Avenir,
published at Paris in 1832, and containing a
Declaration signed by Martin, that the events are
faithfully related in this book, and that it contains
the only correct account. In relating Martin's
interview with the king, the following is the ac-
count given of the point on which W. H. particu-
larly requests information. Martin says :
" Apres cela, je lui dis : Prenez garde de vous faire
sacrer ; car si vous le tentiez, vous seriez frappe de mort
dans la ceremonie du sacre."
Upon this the editor makes the following note :
" Toutes les personnes attachees alors a la cour, tant
soit peu, au courant des choses peuvent attester comme
un fait notoire que Ton avait deja fait, par ordre du roi, de
grands preparatifs pour son sacre, avant son entrevue
avec Martin, et qu'apres cette entrevue, le roi contre-
manda tous ses (ces) preparatifs."
This work not only gives the fullest details of
the extraordinary mission of Martin ; but enters
calmly into the proofs of its supernatural cha-
racter; and afterwards devotes a chapter to an-
swering objections against it. It was published in
1832 ; and continues the history of Martin, and
his subsequent revelations, to the year before the
publication. One very curious prophecy con-
tained in a note deserves attention at the present
time. The note does not refer to Martin, but to
certain predictions of several religious persons
whose names are given, and who all 'agreed upon
the two following points : 1st, That France was
threatened with great calamities ; and 2ndly, the
unexpected appearance of a great monarch who
should restore order, and under whose reign Reli-
gion and France shoidd again see days of pros-
perity. I copy this from a work which I have
had in my own possession since 1833. Certainly
the present state of France verifies this prediction
to the letter. F. C. H.
Germination of Seeds long buried (2 nd S. ii. 10.)
As one instance, where plants have been no-
ticed to grow from seeds that had been long
buried, I may mention, for the information of
your correspondent E. M., Oxford, that some
years ago I observed upon the slopes of a deep
embankment of the Ulster Railway, near Lambeg,
within a mile of the town of Lisburn, a large
number of turnip plants that had sprung from
seed that had long been buried in a bank of gravel,
sand, and boulder stones, which had been removed
to fill up a deep hollow in the ground, and which
formed the embankment referred to. I was
present when the navvies were removing the
gravel bank, and next year I saw the plants grow-
ing on the slopes of the embankment as described ;
and again, on revisiting the place last year (1855),
I still observed a number of turnip plants growing
at the same place. The plants were of the true
turnip, having large expanded leaves, covered on
their upper surface with minute speculas. The
roots were long and strong, but exhibited no ten-
dency to enlarge into bulb, like the cultivated
turnip. The turnip being a rare plant in that
part of the country at that time, its appearance
under the circumstances was regarded by the
work-people as a remarkable phenomenon.
HENRY STEPHENS.
Morgan O'Doherty (1 st S. x. 96.) Since^none
of your correspondents have fixed the identity of
Morgan O'Doherty, I presume I may still say, as
I said before, that it was Captain Hamilton. No
doubt he received assistance from Maginn and
others, as mentioned by R. P. (1 st S. x. 150.), but
that he was the originator of the character there
can be no doubt, and he must have been its con-
tinuator also, since he lived years after the with-
drawal of Morgan's name from the pages of Maga.
North received assistance in his Nodes from Lock-
hart and others, but it is a curious thing that
Hogg, the Ettrick Shepherd, himself could never
write a Noctes that was acceptable or was ac-
cepted. S.
Person referred to by Pascal (2 nd S.^i. 412. 500.)
However ingenious the interpretation of C. H.
S., I cannot help thinking but that Pascal had
some definite person in his view when he brought
forward the instance in question. His words in
the original
" Qui aurait eu 1'amitie' du Roi d'Angleterre, du Roi de
Pologne, et de la Reine de Suede, aurait-il cm pouvoir
manquer de retraite et d'asile au monde ? "
may be well enough translated of some person who
might have had the friendship of the three kingly
powers, but to his disappointment found ^himself
so far reduced as to be unable to obtain even
common shelter. The circumstances of the con-
temporary sovereigns mentioned were certainly
2nd s. NO 29., JULY 19. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
59
disastrous, yet it is difficult to see what object
Pascal could have had in illustrating his case in
the enigmatical form alluded to. In my opinion
the Edinburgh English translator of 1751 took
the plain common sense view of the passage, and
that we have yet the historical personage to dis-
cover whom Pascal had in his eye. G. N.
Poniatowski Gems (2 nd S. i. 471.; ii. 19.)
The Explanatory Catalogue of the Proof -Impres-
sions of the Antique Gems possessed by the late
Prince Poniatowski, and afterwards in the possession
of John Tyrrell, Esq., was published, in 4to., by
Graves and Co., Pall Mall, in 1841. The volume
is dedicated by Mr. Tyrrell to Prince Albert, and
is "accompanied with Descriptions and Poetical
Illustrations of the subjects, and preceded by an
Essay on Ancient Gems and Gem Engraving, by
James Prendeville, A.B., editor of Liny, Paradise
Lost, &c." There is also Catalogue des Pierres
Gravies Antiques de S. A. le Prince Stanislas Po-
niatowski, privately printed by the Prince, at Flo-
rence, in 4to., and upon this the English catalogue
was founded. My copy of the French catalogue
has no date.
Further information may be obtained from a
pamphlet entitled Remarks exposing the unworthy
Motives and fallacious Opinions of the Writer of
the Critiques on the Poniatowski Collection of Gems,
contained in " The British and Foreign Review "
and " The Spectator" published by Graves & Co.,
and Smith, Elder, & Co., 1842. S. W. Rix.
Beccles.
Posies on simple heavy Gold Rings (1 st S. xii.
113., &c.)
" God did decree, this unitie."
Where hearts agree, there God will be."
" I have obtained, whom God ordained."
Copied from originals. S. R. P.
Sleep the Friend of Woe (2 nd S. ii. 11.). The
lines which ERICA asks for are from Southey's
Curse of Kehama, canto xv., the city of Baly,
stanza 11. It begins,
" Be of good heart, and let thy sleep be sweet."
Laduvlad said,
"Alas! that cannot be," &c. &c.
And then comes
" Thou hast been called, Sleep, the friend of woe ;
But 'tis the happy who have called thee so."
J. C. J.
Medal of Charles I. (2 nd S. ii. 28.) There are
several medals of various sizes which have the
head of Charles I. on one side, and that of his
queen on the other. They were all probably
We are also indebted to MR. DE LA PRYME and
C* We are also indebted to MR. DE
other correspondents for similar replies.]
worn as badges of loyalty by his friends and par-
tisans, but I am not aware of any one of the va-
rieties said to have been made out of the plate
melted up for the king's service. It is probable
that none were made of such materials, as melted
plate would be applied to money of necessity, not
to medals of comparative luxury. Rings, or
rather holes, are at the sides and ends of many of
these medals, from whence to suspend small orna-
ments. It would not be convenient to sew upon
a coat or hat a medal having a device on both
sides ; these medals were suspended from a ribbon
or chain. I have one with the silver chain still
attached to it. EDW. HAWKINS.
Major- General (?) Thomas Stanwix (2 nd S. i.
511.) This officer died March 14, 1725, Colonel
of the present 12th regiment of infantry. He
never attained the rank of major-general, and was
appointed colonel of the 12th regiment, August 25,
1717, about the time of the royal visit to Cam-
bridge. He was appointed colonel of the 30th
regiment, previously Willis's Marines, July 17,
1737, but was transferred to the 12th regiment in
the following month, as above stated. G. L. S.
Conservative Club.
" Tantum Ergo" the Eucharistic Hymn (2 nd S.
ii. 13.) Will you kindly allow me to give a
somewhat fuller answer to your correspondent
EIN FRAGER than you have done ? " Tantum
ergo " is not a psalm at all, and could riot have
been chanted as such at Rathmines. It is a hymn
of the Holy Roman Church, and is appointed to be
sung after the mass on Maundy Thursday, and is
ordinarily used at Benediction of the Most Holy
Sacrament, and also in Processions of the Most
Holy. As I think accuracy most important in all
matters of this nature, I trust you will give in-
sertion to this communication. CATHOLICUS.
Kennington, near Oxford.
Bottles filled, &c. (2 nd S. i. 493.) I. have
several times seen this experiment tried, and, if
my memory serve me right, invariably with the
same results.
The bottle being tightly corked, a strong piece
of sail-cloth was placed as a cap over the cork,
and this was firmly secured by a lashing round
the neck. I do not remember the depth to which
it was sunk, but on being drawn up the bottle was
always filled, and still corked ; the cork, however,
was reversed, the small end being uppermost.
A. C. M.
Exeter.
Leverets with a White Star (1 st S. xi. 41. 111.)
I have always understood that the white star
in the forehead indicated the male sex, the buck
of the leveret, and that it disappears in the course
of the first year. HENRY STEPHENS.
60
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
|_2nd g. N 29., JULY 19. '56.
Passports (2 nd S. ii. 29.) Your correspondent
SCOTUS'S inquiry relating to passports induces me
to forward to you fhe copy of a passport for
Doctor Pates, when sent ambassador to the
Emperor from Henry VIII. in 1540.
It is preserved in the Cottonian Manuscript,
Calig. B. x. fol. 108. b., and is entirely in the hand-
writing of Lord Cromwell himself:
" After mv right herty comraendacons Thise shalbe
tadvertise you that whereas the Kings Ma tie hath ap-
poincted his Trusty conseiller Mr. Doctor Pates archedea-
con of Lincoln to be his Grac's ambassader resident with
Themperur, His Higlmes sending him over for that pur-
pose with diligence so that he shall leave a grete part of
his trahyn behynd. hath willed me to signifie vnto you
his graciouse pleasur and comaundement that ye shal
permitte and suffre the said Doctor Pates to departe oute
of this his Grac's Realm, towne and Marches of Calais,
and to passe in the parties of beyond the see with his ser-
vaunts money baggs baggages utensils and necessaries at
his liberte wlthoute any maner your let, serche, trouble,
or interruption to the contrary e. And further that ye
shal see him with all diligence and celerite furnished with
convenient passage and all other necessaries accordingly.
Thus (Fare ye right hertely well. From London this ix th
of Aprill the xxxj tu yere of his Graces most noble Regne.
" Your louyng ffreend,
" THOMS CRUMWELL,."
H. E.
" The cow and the snuffers" (2 nd S. ii. 20.)
The song in which allusion is made to this sign,
was introduced in the farce of The Irishman in
London, or the Happy African. The farce was an
adaptation of an old piece, by the present Mr.
Macready's father. It was first produced for
Jack Johnstone's benefit at Covent Garden, on
April 21, 1792 ; the elder Macready playing Col-
loony, and Johnstone Murtoch Delany. Macready
was a great hand at changing old pieces into new.
As he made this mutation of the Intriguing Foot-
man into the Irishman in London, so again, to serve
Johnstone, in May 1795, he adapted Taverner's
Artful Husband, and made of it a poor comedy
called The Bank Note. The adapter played Selby,
and Johnstone Killeavy. J. DORAN.
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ta
We are compelled to postpone until next week many articles of great
interest, amongst which we may mention some Inedited Papers respecting
the Earl of Essex, and also our usual NOTES ON BOOKS.
_ PAPER MARK. In the article thus headed in our Jast Wo. p. 37. col. i.,
is a most curious and annoying misprint, by w^ich the word " not ". is
substituted for " most," an ' CHARTFHYLAX is represented as having
" not " correctly fixed the date of this paper mark ; whereas X wrote that
he had done so " most " correctly.
A. A. D. who asks respecting the origin of the air of God Save the
King is informed that in the first edition of Mr. Chappett's valuable Col-
lection ot National Airs, pp. 83., fyc., and 193. he ascribes the words and
music without hesitation to Henry Carey, and we have no reason to be-
lieve that >ub*equent researches have induced him to change his views of
their authorship.
QUEEN ELIZABPTH'S LETTER TO EDMUND PLOWDFN. The Query on
this subject forwarded byF.J. B. has already appeared. See 2nd S. i. 12.
PHOEBE ARDEN. What is the object of this communication Are the
MSS. referred to for sale?
M. The inscription on the Venetian coin (2nd S. i. 513.) is not correctly
given. It should read " Dio Premtera La Costanza," God will reward
the Constant.
J. H. M. A copy of the alphabet in the old black letter, of different
sizes, may be obtained from the spec ; men book'' issued by the various <ype-
founders, and which may be found in the counting-houses of any respect-
able printer.
J. L. P. Newspapers of a milch older date than those possessed by our
correspotident may be had in the metropolis for a very trifling sum.
R. W. The subject of " Beech- trees struck wi'h lightning''' has been
discussed in our 1st S. vi. 129. 231. ; vii. 25. ; x. 513.
C. W. B. The celebrated Letter to a Dissenter, noticed in the second
vol. ofMacaulay's History is reprinted in Somers's Tracts, by Scott, vol.
ix. p. 51., w'>ere it makes seven closely printed quarto pages, which, we
fear, would be too long a document for our
ten by George Savile, Marquis of Halifax.
J. O. Prison Amusements, by Paul Positive, 1797, is by James Mont-
gomery, and is noticed by his biographers in his Memoirs, vol. i. p. 283.
ERRATUM. 2nd S. i. 491. col. 1. 1. 43.,/or " Palmer " read " Martin."
THE INDEX TO FIRST VOLUME OF SECOND SERIES, which we publish
t/ii* liin/, has in compliance ivith the wishes of several subscribers been
printed in the same type as the GENERAL INDEX TO THK TWELVE VOLUMES.
INDEX TO THE FIRST SERIES. As this is now published, and the im-
pression is a limited one, such of our readers as desire copies would do
well to intimate their wish to their respective booksellers without delay.
Our publishers, MESSRS. BELL & DALDY, will forward copies by post on
receipt of a Post Office Order for Five Shillings.
" NOTES AND QUERIES " is published at noon on Friday, so that the
Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and
deliver them to their Subscribers on the Saturday.
" NOTES AND QUERIES " is also issued in Monthly Parts, for the con-
venience of those who may either have a difficulty in procuring the un-
stamped weekly Numbers, or prefer receiving it monthly. W Idle parties
ri-siilcnt in the country or abroad, who may be desirous of receiving the
7'vi /,/// Numbers, may have stamped copies forwarded direct from the
Publisher. The subscription for the stamped edition of " NOTES AND
QUERIES " (including a very copious Index) is eleven shillings and four-
pence for six months, which may be paid by Post Office Order, drawn w
favour of the Publisher, MB. GEORGE BELL, No. 186. Fleet Street.
. N 30., JULY 26. 5ft]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
61
LONDON, SATURDAY, JULY 2G, 1850.
PRAYERS OFFERED UP IN CITY CHURCHES FOR
THE EARL OP ESSEX IN 1599.
The affectionate interest felt by the people of
London in the welfare of Robert, Earl of Essex,
was exhibited in several ways which were not at
all agreeable to Queen Elizabeth. Amongst them
it is known that, on the occasion of his serious
illness in December 1599, he was prayed for in
several of the city churches, and that a concourse
of ministers watched round what was believed to
be his dying bed. It has not been noticed, that
those ministers were called before the council to
answer for their conduct on this occasion, nor has
it been explained in what way their public prayers
were introduced into the service of the church.
The first and second of the following papers
(which have been kindly placed in our hands
for publication by the gentleman to whom they
belong) give information upon these subjects.
They contain the explanations given by three of
these ministers to the council. They were all the
earl's chaplains. Two of them contented them-
selves with praying simply for the earl in his con-
dition of a sick man ; the third added a prayer for
his restoration to the favour of his sovereign.
The two former probably escaped censure ; of the
last it is shortly recorded, "HE is COMMITTED."
Facts like these tend to explain, on the one hand,
how Essex was led to commit the wretched folly
which conducted him to the scaffold ; and, on the
other, how the government of Elizabeth came to
the conclusion that nothing but his blood could
satisfactorily atone for his wild and singular es-
capade.
The third paper relates to the same earl, but to
an earlier period of his stormy career. It is
chiefly remarkable as exhibiting the odd position
in which he was placed by the queen's thriftiness
and the shrewdness of the auditors of the United
Provinces. Between them, the earl seems to have
run considerable risk of losing his allowance as
general of the queen's forces in the Low Coun-
tries.
I.
30 Decemb., 1599.
The forme of prayer conceived by George Downe-
man, in the behalfe of the Earle of Essex, being
visited w th sicknes, whose chaplen although the
said party be, yet he hath refrayned to mention
him in his prayer untill about a fourtnight since
he understoode that he was daungerously sicke,
and then, w th out mentioning either of his other
troubles or his cause, or w th out having or being
at any extraordinary assembly, he prayed thus,
having in generall commended the destressed
estate of the afflicted :
" And more specially we commende unto [thee]
the destressed estate of the Earle of Essex, whom
it hath pleased thee to visit w th sicknesse, beseach-
ing thee to looke downe upon him in pity and
compassion, and in thy good time to release him
from his greefe eyther by restoring him to his
health (vv ch mercy we doe crave at thy handes, if
it may stande w th thy glory and his good ),*
or otherwese by receiving him to thy mercy, and
in the meane season we beseech thee to support
and strengthen him by the comfortable assistance
of thy gracious Spirit, that he may meekely and
thankfully beare thy holy hande, and by the same
Spirit worke in him, we pray thee, thyne owne
good worke of grace and sanctification, that when-
soever he shalbe translated out of this life, he may
be received into thyne everlasting tabernacles and
crowned w th immortality."
By me, George Downeman, 1
parson of St. Margarets j- Decemb. 30, 1599.
in Lothbury. j
The Vicar of St. Brides, after his prayer for
y e Q. Ma tie , giving her her stile, and for y e no-
belity, remembers allso his honourable Lord y e
Erie of Essex, praying for his good health, for y*
he was his chaplen this 3 or 4 yeres past : and
otherwise during this restraint hath not inter-
medled w th any other publique prayers or assem-
blies in any church for him.
[Signed, in the same hand as the above.]
Henry Holland, Vicar of St. Brides.
[Endorsed]
30 Deceml/, 1599.
The answers of M r Downham, parson of S*
Margarets, Lothberye ; and M r Holland, Vicar of
S fc Brids, towching theyr prayers for the Earle of
Essex.
II.
Ult' Decemb r , 1599.
I, David Robertes, Bacheler of Dyvinitie, in my
praier for the churche, her Majestie, and the
state, used allso theise or the like wordes in
effecte for the Earle of Essex my ho. good
Lorde and master, upon Christmas ctaye laste f ,
in my pishe churche of Sainct Androes in the
Wardrobe, London :
" And as my particuler duetie more speciallie
bindethe me, I humblie beseeche thee, deere
ffather, to looke mercifullie w th thy gracious fa-
voure uppon that noble BARAKE thy seryaunte
the Earle of Essex, strengtheninge him in the
inwarde man againste all his enemies. O Lorde,
make his bedde in this his sickenes that soe thy
gracious corrections nowe uppon him maie be
easie and comfortable unto him as thy fatherlie
* The paragraph is not completed in the original,
t The last four words substituted for others erased^
62
NOTES AND QUERIES.
S. N 30., JULY 2G. '56.
Instruccons, and in thy good tyme restore him
unto his former healthe and gracious favoure of
his and our most dreade Soveraigne, to thy glory,
the good of this churche and kingedome, and the
greeffe and discouragemente of all wicked EDOM-
JTES that beare evill will to SIGN, and saie.to the
walles of JERUSALEM, * There, there, downe with
it ; downe with it to the grounde.' "
(Signed) DAVID ROBERTES.
[In another hand]
He is comitted.
[Endorsed]
29.Decemb., 1599.
Mr. Roberts, parson of St. Andrewes Wardrope,
his prayers in his sermons for y e Earle of Essex.
III.
The Erie had authoritye by commission, undre
y e great seale of Englande, to dispose of y e trea-
sour secundum sanam discretionem suam.
His discretion was for his own enterteignment
of generall of her Ma tics forces, to take y e same
allowaunce that y e Erie of Pembroke, Generall of
Q. Maryes forces at St. Quinctynes had : viz. for
him selfe and sondry officers, about 10 l 14 s by
daye, that Erie being of no greater qualitye than
he, nor his army of more numbers ; and y* by
advise of M r Secretary Walsingham, who gave
him a draught of y Erie of Pembrokes allowaunce
for president.
According to this president and rate he was
allwayes paide ; the Q. Treasouro r , Musterm 1 and
Audito 1 ' of y e campe never fynding fault whylcs
he lyved.
The Q. Ma tie , after 5 or G monethes (as I take
it) of his being there, being desirous to be en-
formed of y e estate of her expences, was accord-
ingly advertised by her officers, and amongest the
rest, of this allowance and rate, and there was not
then any fault fownde w th it.
Mr. Huddlestone, her Ma tks Treasouro', after
the leaving of his office and before his deathe,
joyning w th M r Audito 1 ' Hut, Audito r of y e campe,
did make up w tu y e Erles officers a perfect reacon-
ing and accompt for all Lowe Country matters of
accompt betwene them, and therein did passe this
allowance and rate w th out contradiction.
The same M r Huddlestone passed his accompt
of Treasouro r w th Audito rs appointed by y e Court
of Excheaq 01 ' of Englande, and therein passed this
allowance and rate w th out scruple and w th their
allowaunce, and not as a matter of petition but
authenticall.
S r Tho. Sherley succeading M r Huddlestone in
y e office of her Ma tics Treasouro 1 ", payde allwayes
according to this rate and none other w th out any
doubt made thereof, and at the last retourn of y e
Erie to y e Lowe Countryes finished his accompt
w th t}ie Erles officers accordingly.
The estates of y c Lowe Countryes, being to re-
paye her Ma ties expenses to her Ma tic , desired an
accompt of y e whole after one year. Mr. Huddle-
ston, then Treasouro 1 " to her Ma tic , by order from
Englande, gave them an accompt of y e whole, and
therein namely of this allowance and rate. They,
in their censures and apostelies upon y* accompt,
mislyking many other pointes, allow this by
speciall wordes, and do make allowance of it to
her Ma tie , so her Ma tie loseth nothing by it.
The same Estates allowing to the Erie for his
enterteignment of Gouverno 1 Generall (not of her
Ma tics forces, but) of their Countryes, 10000 1 by
yeare, saving so mutche to be cut of as her Ma tie
alloweth him for his office of Generall of her
forces : when they came to accompt w th y e Erie,
did cut him of 10 1 14 s by daye after this rate, be-
cause they sawe her Ma tie had allowed him so
muche. N owe yf her Ma tie revoke this allowaunce
from y e Erie and have taken according to it of y e
Estates, her Ma tic for y* parte nowe to be des-
allowed, shalbe double gayner, and y e Erie shall
lose it utterly ; whereas her Ma tie disallowing it
at y e firste, he mought have had it of y e Estates,
w ch nowe, y e accompt beinge passed, he can not.
[Endorsed]
Concerning the Earl of Essex, temp. Qu. Eliz,
THOMAS GARNE*, KING "DESIGNATE" OF BU-
CHARIA.
In Blacliwood 's Magazine for the present month
(May), the writer of an article entitled " The Scot
Abroad," quotes Sir Thomas Urquhart for the re-
markable fact that a gigantic Scottish colonel, by
name Thomas Game, in the service of the Mus-
covites about the middle of the seventeenth cen-
tury, had been formally invited to occupy the
throne of Bucharia. The circumstance of itself
is sufficiently singular; but the whole story be-
comes doubly curious and interesting when
coupled with the old Cromartie Baronet's de-
scription of the physical and mental endowments
of this model man of war, and I make no apology
for presenting it to your readers in extenso. In
enumerating the principal officers in General
Leslie's Scottish legion in the Russian service,
there was, Sir Thomas tells us :
"Colonel Thomas Game, who for the height and
grosseness of his person, being in his stature taller, and
greater in his compass of body, then any within six
kingdomes about him, was elected King of Bucharia, the
* This name furnishes another example of the " uncer-
tainty of spelling names ; " it is evidently the modern
Garden, and older Gardyne, colloquially Game, Gairn,
&c. In Burke's Landed Gentry, allusion is made to
" Colonel Gardyne of the Russian service," who was, un-
doubtedly, the hero of Sir Thomas's eulogy, and the ob-
ject of the Buchariaus' affection.
2 d S. N 30., JIILY26. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
inhabitants of that country being more inclined to tender
their obedience to a man of a burly pitch like him, whose
magnitude being every way proportionable in all its di- I
mansions, and 'consisting rather in bones than flesh, was
no load to the minde, nor hindrance to the activity ot his (
bodv, then to a lower sized man, because they would }
shun equality, as near as they could, with him of whom j
they should make choice to be their sovreign; they es-
teeming nothing more disgraceful, nor of greater dispa-
rafument to the reputation of that state, than that their
king should through disadvantage of stature be looked
down upon by any whose affaires of concernment perhaps
for the weal of the crown, might occasion a mutual con-
ference face to face. He had ambassadors sent to him to
receive the crown, sceptre, sword, and all the other royal
cognizances belonging to the supreme majesty of that
nation ; but I heard him say, that the only reason he re-
fused their splendid offers, and would not undergo the
charge of that regal dignity, was because he had no sto-
mach to be circumcised: however, this uncircumsised
Game, agname the Sclavonian, and upright Gentile, for
that he loves good fellowship, and is of a very gentile
conversation, served as a colonel together with the fore-
named five, and other unmentioned colonels of the Scot-
tish nation in that service, against the Crim Tartar, under
t he command of both his and their compatriot, Sir Alex.
Leslie*, generalissimo of all the forces of the whole Em-
pire of Russia ; which charge, the wars against the Tar-
tarian beginning afresh, he hath re-obtained, and is in
the plenary enjoyment thereof, as I believe, at the same
instant time, and that with such approbation for fidelity
and valour that never any hath been more faithfull in
the discharge of his duty, nor of a better conduct in
the infinite dangers through Avhich he hath past."
EK2KYBAAAYPON : or the Discovery of a most Exquisite
Jewel, &c. 8fc., serving in this Place to frontal a Vindication
of the Honour of Scotland, Sfc. 'c.* London : Cottrell,
1652. Reprinted in The Works of Sir T. U., Maitland
Club, 4to., Edin. 1834.
J. O.
ILLUSTRATIONS OF MACAULAY.
THE. CAVALIER'S COMPLAINT.
To the Tune of " lie tell thee, Dick" frc.
Come Jack, let's drink a pot of Ale
And I shall tell thee such a Tale,
Will make thine eares to ring :
My Coyne is spent, my time is lost
And I this only fruit can boast
That once I saw my King.
But this doth most afflict my mind ;
I went to Court in hope to find,
Some of my friends in place :
And walking there I had a sight,
Of all the Crew, but by this light
I hardly knew one face.
S' life of so many Noble Sparkes,
Who on their Bodies beare the markes
Of their Integrity :
* This old general seems to have become a Muscovite :
for we find him living at Smolensko in his ninety -ninth
year. Present State of Russia, 167i.
And suflred ruine of Estate,
It was niy base unhappy Fate
That 1 not one could see.
Not one upon my life among
My old acquaintance all along,
At Truro and before :
And I suppose the place can shew,
As few of those whom thou didst know,
At Yorke or Marston Moore.
But truly there are swarmes of those,
Whose Chins are beardlesse, yet their Hose
And backsides still weare Muffes : .
Whilst the old rusty Cavaliers
Retires or dares not once appeare,
For want of Coyn and Cuffes.
When none of those I could descry,
Who better farre deserv'd then I,
I calmely did reflect :
Old Servants by rule of State,
Like Almanacks grow out of date,
What then can I expect ?
Troth in contempt of Fortunes frowne
Tie get me fairely out of Towne,
And in a Cloyster pray :
That since the Starres are yet unkind
To Royalists, the King may find
More faithfull Friends then they.
AN ECHO TO THE CAVALIER* S COMPLAINT.
I marvaile Dick, that having beene
So long abroad, and having scene
The World as thou hast done :
Thou shouldst acquaint me with a Tale
As old as Nestor, and as stale,
As that of Priest and Nunne.
Are we to learne what is a Court ?
A Pageant made for Fortunes sport, 1
Where merits scarce appeare :
For bashfull merits only dwels
In Camps, in Villages, and Cols,
Alas it comes not there.
Desert is nice in its addresse,
And merit oft times doth oppresse,
Beyond what guilt would doe :
But they are sure of their Demands,'
That come to Court with Golden hands,
And brazen faces too.
The King indeed doth still professe,
To give his Party soone Redresse,
And cherish Honesty :
But his good wishes prove in vaine
Whose service with his Servants gaine
Not alwayes doth agree.
All Princes be they ne're so wise
Are faine to see with other eyes,
64
NOTES AND QUEEIES.
[2nd S. NO 30., JULY 26. 5 56.
But seldome heare at all :
And Courtiers find their Interest
In time to feather well their Nest,
Providing for their Fall.
Our comfort doth on time depend,
Things when they are at worst will meed.
And let us but reflect
On our condition t'other day,
When none but Tyrants bore the sway,
What did we then expect ?
Meanwhile a calme retreat is best
But discontent if not supprest,
Will breed Disloyalty :
This is the constant note Tie sing,
I have been faithfull to the King
And so shall live and dye.
No. 2641. of the Collection of Proclamations,
&c., presented to the Chetham Library, Man-
chester, by James O. Halliwell, Esq., F.R.S.
BlBLIOTHECAB. CHETHAM,
Prince of Orange (2 nd S. i. 370. ; ii. 6.) Be-
fore writing my note on the De Witts, I had exa-
mined the pamphlet to which P. II. refers. It is
not the sentence of a real court, but a " pasquil "
made up of the charges in circulation against the
brothers, put in the form of a judgment. The
attesting witnesses are, " De Borgery van de 7
Provincien, en alle Liefhebbers en voorstanders
van Gods Kerck en het lieve Vaterlandt."
I do not think that any sentence was passed on
John De Witt. II. B. C.
U. U. Club.
DISSECTION.
" To be dissected and anatomized." Sentenceoit Murderers.
11 Poor brother Tom had an accident this time twelve-
month, and so clever made a fellow he was, that I could
not save him from those flaying rascals the surgeons, and
now, poor man, he is among the 'otomies at Surgeons'
Hall." Mat of the Mint, Beggar's Opera.
I am rather at a loss to account for the change
in the law which took place a few years ago, by
which the murderer was relieved of that part of
his sentence which devoted his body to dissection,
for the improvement of science. I have been the
more inclined to doubt the policy of this measure
from the perusal of several of the older volumes of
the Annual Register, from which it appears, in a
great many instances, that nothing has been so
terrible, or made the most hardened culprit shud-
der, as the judge pronouncing this part of the
sentence. Not to trespass too much on your co-
lumns, I will only quote two cases.
Lord Ferrers on April 18, 1760, had sen-
tence passed upon him, by which he was to be
hanged by the neck till he was dead, after which
his body was to be delivered to Surgeons' Hall to
be dissected and anatomized: at this part of the
sentence his lordship cried out, " God forbid ! "
{Annual Register, 1760, pp. 38. 93.)
Dumas the highwayman declared that he valued
not death, but only the thoughts of being anato-
mized. He was the favourite of the ladies, and
while in prison was frequently visited by them,
which gave rise to the song,
" Certain JBettes to Dumas.
" Joy to thee, lovely thief! that thou
Hast 'scap'd the fatal string ;
Let gallows groan with ugly rogues,
Dumas must never swing," &c.
This was made upon one of his acquittals. (An-
nual Register, 1761, pp. 51. 88.)
I am not for showing leniency to murderers, and
would ask why the former sentence should not be
re-enacted ? A.
EPITAPHS AT WINCHESTER.
(1 st S. xii. 424.)
I transmit the following epitaph for insertion
in "N. & Q.," where I wonder that it has not
hitherto appeared. I copied it from an inscription
on a tombstone in the churchyard of Winchester
Cathedral, and a military friend then quartered
there informed me that a statement once appeared
in Frasers Magazine to the eifect that the qua-
train commencing " Here sleeps in peace," was
written by Dr. Benjamin Hoadley, sometime
Bishop of Winchester. Now, as Bishop Hoadley
died April 17, 1761, it is plain that he could not
have written an epitaph on a person who survived
him more than three years.
I have divided the lines exactly as they appear
on the tombstone, and beg to direct your attention
to the ambiguity of " when hot," which might
apply to the " beer " or to its victim ; also to the
disembodiment of the North Hants Militia in
April, 1802, being assignable (owing to the ob-
scure language) to the destruction of the " ori-
ginal stone," and not to the peace of Amiens,
which was ratified in March, 1802. The inference
drawn by the poet that the grenadier was killed
by the smallness of the beer, and not by its want
of caloric, is as original as it is, doubtless, correct.
" In memory of
THOMAS THETCHER,
a Grenadier in the North Regiment
of Hants Militia, who died of a
violent fever contracted by drinking
small beer when hot the 12th of May,
1764, aged 26 years.
In grateful remembrance of whose universal
good-will towards his Comrades this Stone
is placed here at their expense as a small
testimony of their regard and concern.
2 nd S. N 30., JULY 26. '56.]
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
Here sleeps in peace a Hampshire Grenadier,
Who caught his death by drinking cold small beer.
Soldiers, be wise from his untimely fall,
And, when ye 're hot, drink strong, or none at all.
This Memorial being decayed was restor'd
by the Officers of the Garrison, A.D. 1781.
An honest soldier never is forgot,
Whether he die by musket or by pot.
This Stone was placed by the North Hants
Militia when disembodied at Winchester
on 2Qth April, 1802, in consequence of
the original Stone being destroyed"
I also send a transcript of an epitaph in the
aisle of the cathedral. It is engraved on a black-
ened piece of copper, and is affixed to one of the
pillars in the vicinity of Bishop Hoadley's tomb.
The lines in this epitaph are divided, and the
capital letters allotted exactly as in the original
inscription, to the spelling of which I have care-
fully adhered.
"A MEMORIALL
For the renowned Martialist Richard Boles of y e
Right Worshypfull family of the Bolles, in
Linckhorne Sheire : Colonell of a Ridgment of Foot
of 1300. who for his Gratious King Charles y e First
did Wounders at the Battell of Edge Hill, his last
Action ; to omit all Others was att Alton in the
County of Southampton, was surprised by five or
Six Thousand of the Rebells, who caught him there
Quartered to fly to the Church, with neare fourescore
of his men who there fought them six or seven
Houers, and then the Rebells breaking in upon them
he Slew with his Sword six or seven of them and
then was Slayne himselfe, with sixty of his men aboute
him,
1641.
His Gratious Sovereign hearing of his death, gave
him his high Comendation in y s pationate expression,
Bring me a Moorning Scarffe, i have Lost
one of the best Commanders in this Kingdome.
Alton will tell you of that famous tight
which y man made and bade the World good Night
His verteous Life fear'd not mortality
His body must his Vertues cannot Die.
Because his Bloud was there so nobly spent,
This is his Tomb, that Church his Monument.
Ricardus Boles in Art. Mag.
Composuit, Posuitque, Dolens.
An. Dm. 1689."
This Richard Boles is plainly identical with the
"Ri. Boles, M r Art, 1689," mentioned in " N. &
Q.," 2 nd S. i. 429., who died Rector of Whitnash
Church, Warwickshire, subsequently to 1689, in
which year he completed his eighty-fourth year.
G. L. S.
Conservative Club.
" Blawn-sheres" - This singular specimen of
orthography is given by Mr. Froude :
" They found the Great Quadrant" (of New College,
Oxford) full of the leaves of Duns (Scotus), the wind
blowing them into every corner ; and one Mr. Greastfield,
a gentleman of Bucks, gathering up part of the same
book leaves, as he said, to make him sewers or blawn-
sheres, to keep the deer within his wood, thereby to have
the better cry of his hounds." From a Letter to Crom-
well contained in "The Suppression of Monasteries"
(p. 71.), Froude's History of England, vol. ii. p. 418.
It should have been written Haunsh-eres; as the
word is no other than the Uanchers, or blenchars,
of Sidney and Elyot, " to keep off deer, to feare
birds," quoted in Richardson's Dictionary, sub.
vv., BLANCH and BLENCH. But what are sewers ?
Q.
Bloomsbury.
Haddon Hall, #c. In Thoi'nbury's Shak-
spectre's England occur the following errors. Id.
the first volume, p. 73., he says :
"Amongst other noble Tudor erections we may also
mention, for the very names call up a thousand associa-
tions, Haddon Hall, Derbyshire (in ruins). . . South
Wingfield, Derbyshire, dilapidated."
And at p. 81. :
" The following are a few of the palatial houses finished
before 1600. . . . Hardwicke, Derby, Countess of
Shrewsbury's, in ruins."
Haddon Hall is nearly unfurnished, but is not in
ruins. It was built at different periods, which are
traced back to the time of Stephen, if not to that
of the Conqueror. Part of it, the long gallery,
was added about the time of Elizabeth. South
Wingfield Manor is a complete and very beautiful
ruin.
Hardwick Hall, which was built by " Bess of
Hardwick," is in a perfectly habitable state, and
contains a great number of pictures of celebrated
members of the family.
The old hall in which the countess was born is
a complete ruin, very near to the present building.
Sheffield.
John Till AUingham, the dramatic writer, is
allowed a niche in Mr. Charles Knight's Cyclo-
pcedia of Biography now issuing. But the editor
says he is unacquainted with the time and place
of his death. Mr. Cromwell, in his Walks through
Islington, says he died at his father's house, Cole-
brooke Terrace, February 28, 1812; while The
Examiner newspaper, and another periodical I
have referred to, give the date as March 8, 1812.
He was buried at Bunhill Fields.
Many of these notices are founded on those in
the Penny Cyclopaedia, the errors of omission and
commission of which I hope will be rectified.
Books of fact and reference never can be too
exact, and I have found several errors of date and
place therein. For instance, the date of Wolfe's
birth is wrong; and Lord Wellesley died at
Kingston House, Knightsbridge, not the Kingston
House there stated. H. G. D.
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2'<*S. N 50., JULY 2 6.
Parish Registers. The necessity of having all
the parish registers transcribed and printed is
universally admitted,, and several communications
have been made to you on the subject; but lat-
terly the matter appears to have dropped. Many
clergymen would doubtless assist all in their
power, but I think it would be an undertaking
too gigantic for private enterprise ; and from its
national importance, should be done at government
expense.
If some of your readers were to bring the mat-
ter before Parliament, there is no doubt it would
be sanctioned at once. The affair must not again
be allowed to sleep ; as from the state of many of
the registers, every week is of importance.
I will not presume to sketch any plan for car-
rying this into effect, as many of your correspon-
dents are far better versed in such matters than I
am. I only wish to urge the immediate necessity
of having it done in some way. W.
Bomba3 r .
" The Pale" North Malvern. Near to Cowley
Park, on the road to Leigh Sinton, there is
a picturesque gabled house, bearing the date
"MDCXXXI." this house is called "The Pale,"
and is so marked in the Ordnance Map ; but I do
not find any mention of it in the county or local
histories. Future writers, however, may be in-
duced to notice it, and may possibly be led into
error in explaining its etymology. I have acci-
dentally been put into possession of the correct
origin of the word, and I will therefore here make
a Note of it. The house was built in 1631 by one
who had acquired a large fortune as a baker. He
was not ashamed of the trade, by the profits of
which he had become a " prosperous gentleman,"
and he therefore resolved to call his newly-built
residence by a name that should remind him and
others of his former occupation. The name he
selected was " The Pale," which is the title given
to the long wooden shovel on which the bread is
placed in order to be pushed into the oven.
CUTHBERT BEDE, B.A.
Curious Epigram. Referring to WM. M.
W.'s inquiry after the author of the epigram,
"Blessed be the Sabbath" ("N. & Q.," 1 st S. vi.
507.), I beg to send you the following quotation
from a singular book, Small's Roman Antiquities,
Edinburgh, 1823, App. p. 5., verbatim, in the
author's slovenly style :
" Another curious anecdote is told of Cromwell when
lying about Perth, when one of the principal contractors
for his army, of the name of Monday or Mundy, by his
affairs becoming embarrassed, had committed the rash
act of suicide by hanging himself. Cromwell, it seems,
had offered a premium to any one that would make the
most appropriate lines of poetry on the occasion, however
short or sententious. Many elaborate poetical essays, it
is said, were given in by the various competitors on the
subject; but, amongst others, a tailor, who lived at Kin-
fauns, is said to have started as a competitor ; but unfor-
tunately, his wife, when she understood that he was one,
and learned also that he was about to set out for the
trial, thought it so ridiculous in him to appear, that she
locked up his clothes, and would not allow him a clean
shirt to appear decent in. However, it seems the tailor
had either found means to procure a clean shirt, or had
gone wanting one, and delivered in his essay with the
rest, consisting only of four simple lines, but which is said
to have carried off the prize.
" 'Bless'd be the Sunday,
Cursed be worldly "pelf;
Tuesday now begins the week,
For Monday has hang'd himself.'
This shows that Oliver, with all his apparent morosity,
had not been insensible to humour."
D.M.
Arbroath.
" Pence a piece" for a penny a piece. Query,
as to the antiquity and locality of this mode of
expression. Has any notice of it appeared in
" N. & Q." ? As a market-phrase it was formerly
employed in Herefordshire, but seems falling into
disuse. An anecdote may serve to illustrate its
application.
In the parish of Llangarron, near Ross, in the
above county, some years ago, a farmer's wife re-
sided whose name was Wood. She had, upon one
occasion, a flock of six geese and a gander, the
former in very good order. One morning the
geese were observed to be missing ; and the soli-
tary gander made his appearance, with a label
tied round his neck containing- a sixpence, and the
following lines :
" Mrs. Wood, your geese arc good,
And we, your neighbours yonder,
Have bought these geese at pence a piece,
And sent it by the gander."
The word yojider, pronounced, as it commonly
is in the country, yander, produces the legitimate
rhyme. W. (1.)
LETTERS Or HORACE WALPOLE.
I purpose, in the ensuing autumn (Nov. 1.)
to commence the publication, in eight monthly
volumes, of a new and revised edition of the
Letters of Horace Walpole, of which MR. PETER
CUNNINGHAM has accepted the editorship a
guarantee that the edition will be carefully edited.
I am the proprietor of all the published letters of
Walpole, and shall be able to give additional value
to this new edition from my own unpublished col-
lection, as well as the contributions of friends.
But, being extremely desirous to render the edi-
tion as complete as possible, I venture to hope for
the aid of those who may possess unpublished let-
ters or papers of Walpole : for the use of which
contributions, due acknowledgment will be made.
The work will be published in 8vo., with very
S. NO 30., JULY 20. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
numerous portraits and other illustrations, and
printed with elegance. RICHARD BENTLEY.
8. Now Burlington Street, July 18,
FOREIGN REFORMED LITURGIES.
In his Friendly Delate (part ii. p. 227., ed. 6.
8vo., London 1684) Bishop Patrick makes use of
the following statement :
" I remember in the beginning of the late wars the
Scottish Forms of Prayer were printed. And so were the
French, and those of Geneva, and Gnernsea, and the
Dutch, to name no more ; all translated into English."
I beg to solicit the assistance of those readers of
" N. & Q." who have made the obscure subject of
foreign liturgical formularies their special study,
towards verifying the accuracy of his remarks.
1. There is no difficulty in identifying the
" Scottish Forms " first referred to with the fol-
lowing publication :
" The Service, Discipline, and Forme of the Common
Prayers, and Administration of the Sacraments, used in
the 'English Church of Geneva ; as it was approved by
that most reverend Divine, M. John Calvin, and the
Church of Scotland. Humbly presented to the most High
Court of Parliament, this present yeare, 1641. London :
printed for William Cooke, at Furnefalls, June, 1641."
The same compilation was reprinted, with a
slightly different title, in 1643 ; and a third time
in The Phcenix, vol. ii. pp. 204259.
It is mainly identical with the form generally
known as the book of Common Order adapted by
Knox, Whittingham, Parry, and Lever, from the
Genevan model of Calvin, with the addition of
" some part taken forth of the English book
(Church of England Book of Common Prayer),
and other things put in as the state of the church
required." (Troubles at Frankfort, in The Phoe-
nix, vol. ii. p. 71.) It was printed at Geneva,
with a preface dated Feb. 10, 1556, and seems to
have been carried back by Knox to Scotland,
where an act of the General Assembly ordered it
to be universally adopted, in December, 1562.
2. I cannot, however, meet with an English
translation of the French ritual within thirty years
after the date of Patrick's work. In the Lambeth
Library is a small octavo volume, printed in
London in 1699, entitled Forms of Prayer used in
the Reformed Churches in France before their Per-
secution and Destruction^ translated into English
by J. T. It is true that the Book of Discipline of
the Reformed Churches of France was put forth in
English in 1642 ; but this includes only certain
special offices, viz. those for baptism, burial, and
excommunication. Is any translation of the whole
liturgy extant prior to that I have referred to ?
3. An English version of Calvin's Genevan
Order was* in existence as early as the year 1554.
(Troubles, frc., p. 63. ; M c Crie's Life of Knox,
p. 425.) Another was printed in London by
Waldegrave in 1584, which being prohibited by
order of the Star Chamber in June, 1G85, was re-
printed by Richard Schilders at Middleburgh in
Zealand, in 1586. A third edition was issued in
1587, and a fourth in 1602. This book was pre-
sented by the Puritan party to Parliament in 1584,
with the view of securing that legal confirmation
for it in England which Knox's Liturgy (almost
identical with it) had already obtained in Scot-
land. The variations of these several editions are
clearly exhibited in vols. i. and iii. of Reliquia Li-
turgies, by the Rev. Peter Hall, M.A., and I have
no further inquiry to institute under this head.
4. With respect to the forms used by the re-
formed congregations of Guernsey, I am at a loss
to supply the author's reference, unless he may be
held to allude to
" The Order for Ecclesiastical Discipline, according to
that which hath been practised since the Reformation of
the Church in His Majesty's Dominions of the Isles of
Garnse}', Gersey, Spark, and Alderney ; confirmed by the
authoritie of the Synode of the aforesaid lies,"
which was drawn up in a conclave of the ministers
and elders of the several reformed churches of the
Channel Islands, held at the town of St. Peter's
Port in Guernsey, June 28, 1576. A later im-
pression of the same book appeared in 1642, the
precise date to which Patrick's remarks are calcu-
lated to apply. I am at the same time anxious to
have the query resolved, whether any specific pub-
lication of the Liturgy, properly so called, in an
English dress has ever taken place. The Book of
Discipline does not itself comprise the entire
ritual, but merely the special forms of service for
the ordination of elders and deacons.
4. Has any English version of the Dutch Li-
turgy ever appeared ? The form drawn up, ori-
ginally in Latin, by Alasco for the use of the
Dutch church in Austin Friars, was translated
into Dutch by Martin Mikronius in 1550, and re-
printed in 1560 into German by J. Mayer, 8vo.
Heid. 1565, and into French by Giles Clematius,
8vo., 1556, n.p. But I have not succeeded in
finding any trace of an English translation.*
Any information calculated to elucidate these
questions, as well as the further point, what other
foreign Forms of Prayer the author may be sup-
posed to indicate, will be most acceptable to the
present querist. A. TAYLOR, MA.
" Antiquity, a Farce" Can you inform me
who is the author of Antiquity, a farce, in two
acts, 1808. It is said to have been written by a
gentleman of the Inner Temple. R. J.
[* Two interesting articles on Alasco's Liturgy will be
found in The British Magazine, vol. xv. p. G12. : vol. xvi.
p. 127, -En.]
68
NOTES AND QUERIES.
NO 30., JULY 26. '56.
Ancient British Saints. In Sismondi's Fall of
the Roman Empire (vol. i. ch. vii., English trans.),
he says :
" So long as the British heroes, such as Hoel, Alain,
Judicael (to whom several churches were dedicated), re-
tained the vigour of youth or manhood, they knftw no
other passion than that for war .... but when their
ferocity was tamed by age, and began to give place to the
terrors of a future judgment, they shut themselves up in
convents, and lived a life of the severest penance."
This chapter is from A.D. 412 to 453. Do any
of these churches still exist ? or what traditions
are there of churches dedicated to these ancient
saints of Britain ? E. E. BYNG.
Masters of Arts ranking as Esquires. Can any
of your readers inform me of any authority for
Masters of Arts of the Universities of Oxford and
Cambridge being entitled to rank as esquires ?
M.A. (Oxon).
Archibald Steele. Can you give me any in-
formation regarding Archibald Steele, author of
The Shepherd's Wedding, a pastoral comedy, pub-
lished in Scotland in 1789 ? R. J.
" The Vine" a Parable. A copy of the beauti-
ful parable called " The Vine," and commencing
thus, " On the day of their creation, the trees
boasted one to another," &c., is much desired.
It was published in an old number of The
Talisman. Is this monthly periodical still con-
tinued ? ANITEEBOE.
Edinburgh.
David Morrison, There was a volume of
poetry, published at Montrose in 1790, by David
Morrison. Is anything known regarding the
author ? R. J.
Boxing-Day. The term boxing-day is used
both in the theatres and in courts of law. What
is the meaning of it in each case ? S.
Sir John Cope. Wanted, particulars of the
family descent, marriage, life, professional ser-
vices, death, burial-place, and descendants of Sir
John Cope, who commanded the royal troops in
1745 at Preston Pans. Any references to pub-
lished or accessible unpublished information will
be acceptable. JAMES KNOWLES.
" Hey, Johnnie Cope," frc. Who was the
author of " Hey, Johnnie Cope are ye wakin yet ? "
And whose music is that quaint stirring air ? DR.
RIMBAULT could, no doubt, oblige me with an
answer to the latter Query. JAMES KNOWLES.
Human Leather, fyc. I have somewhere heard
or read of two or three human skins having been
prepared and tanned like leather, and of a pair of
shoes or boots having been made of such leather.
I think also there was mention made of another
dressed as parchment. No doubt they form part
of the contents of some museum.
Can any of your readers give me any informa-
tion respecting them ? R. W. HACKWOOD.
" The Dissenters Dissected" Some twenty
years ago, a poem of eighteen stanzas was sent to
me by a friend, since deceased, called The Dis-
senters Dissected, by a Lay Dissector, to which
ten other stanzas were added. Has it ever been
printed ?
The first stanza is
" The noblest tree of forest growth,
And meanest shrub, engender both
Within their vital juices,
The germs of that, which soon or late
Their own decay accelerate,
Or earlier abuses."
One of the added stanzas (the 26th) is -
" No church rate that must never be,
For all religion shall be free ;
And surely it is hard
That we, who know the letter way
To Heaven, for their church path should pay,
But give us their church yard ! ! "
WM. COLLYNS, M.R.C.S.
Chudleigh, Devon.
Dismissal of Non- Communicants. In Cleaver's
edition of Bishop Wilson On the Lord's Supper
(London, 1851), there is a note on the subject of
the dismissal of non-communicants. It is there
stated that the benefits arising from the opposite
practice have not escaped the notice of some of
our most eminent divines ; and it is added, " See
Bp. Jebb's Practical Theology."
Can any of your correspondents supply the
passage alluded to in Bishop Jebb's book ?
This edition of Bishop Wilson's work was, I
believe, prepared by the late Rev. W. Wright,
A.M., of Trinity College, Dublin ; the " Notes,
historical and explanatory," which accompany it
are full of curious research, but they occupy a
somewhat disproportionate space in a devotional
work.
The note which suggests my Query occurs at
p. 169. There are some more remarks on the
same subject at p. 255. A. A. D.
P.S. What is supposed to be the proper posture
for the people during the comfortable words, the
Sursum corda and the Sanctus ? I have heard
very contradictory opinions on the subject, and
indeed it is one by no means free from difficulty,
owing to the transpositions which have been made
in the Liturgy.
Prologues and Epilogues to the Westminster
Plays. Has there ever been published a Collec-
tion of the Prologues and Epilogues to the West-
minster Plays ? If so, where ? C. J. DOUGLAS.
S. N 30., JULY 26. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
69
Satellite. What is considered to be the de-
rivation of the word satettes, a satellite ? A. A. D.
Varnishing Old Books. I should feel greatly
indebted to any reader of " N..& Q." who has had
practical experience on the subject, for informa-
tion as to the advantages and disadvantages (if
any) of varnishing old books. That the appear-
ance of volumes thus treated is for a time im-
proved, will be generally admitted ; but the really
important question is, are bindings thereby pre-
served, and is commencing decay arrested ?
The former series of " N. & Q." contains some
receipts for book varnishes ; but the questions I
have ventured to propose have not, as far as I
remember, yet met with consideration in your
pages. The subject is one of daily increasing
importance ; and if fully treated by those com-
petent to do so, will, I am sure, prove valuable
and interesting to a large number of your readers.
The rapid deterioration of bindings in some Lon-
don libraries has been the subject of frequent
and anxious remark. And the more general use
of gas in dwelling-houses is already committing
sad havoc on many private collections. W. M.
Finsbury Place.
The Country Parson's Honest Advice. I should
be glad to know the author of the following
verses :
" The Country Parson's Ifonest Advice to that Judicious
Lawyer and Worthy Minister of State My Lord
" Be wise as Somerset, as Somer's brave,
As Pembroke airy, and as Richmond grave,
Humble as Oxford [Orford?] be, and Wharton's zeal,
For Church and Loyalty, would fitt thee well ;
Like Sarum I would have thee love the Church,
He Scorns to leave his Mother in the Lurch.
For the well governing your family,
Let pious Haversham thy pattern be :
And if it be thy fate again to marry,
And S y r's daughter will thy year out tarry,
May'st ttiou use her as Mohun did his tender wife,
And may she lead his virtuous Lady's life.
To Summ up all : Devonshire's chastity,
Bolton's ineritt, Godolphin's probity,
Halifax his modesty, Essex's sense,
Montague's management, Culpepper's pence ;
Tenison's learning, and Southampton's wit,
Will make thee for an able statesman fit."
I want to know the author and the person to
whom it is addressed ? * I find it in a MS. (circa
1690 or 1700), containing an account of the feasts
and fasts of the Church, history of the black-
letter Saints in our Calendar, and an exposition
of the Church Catechism. J. C. J.
Hospital Out-Patients. The governors of an
hospital established in a town containing 31,000
[* We have before us a printed copy of these lines, as
a small folio broadside, circa 1733-4. They are addressed,
we have not the least doubt, to Lord Chancellor Talbot,
who received the Great Seal Nov. 29, 1733; ED.]
inhabitants, and embracing a district, chiefly agri-
cultural, of 104 square miles, have been called
upon to decide as to the expediency of altering the
days of attendance of the out-patients at the hos-
pital. Out-patients are at present assisted with
advice and medicine (but in no other respect are
chargeable to the charity) on Mondays, Thurs-
days, and Saturdays at eleven, A. M. It is pro-
posed to alter the days to Tuesdays and Saturdays;
thus requiring attendance twice a-week instead of
thrice.
It is expected that the alteration will be better,
not only for the medical men, but also for the out-
patients.
That a waste of drugs will be prevented, as it
is alleged that the patients cannot possibly con-
sume the medicine in the interval between Thurs-
day and Saturday.
And it is asserted that no hospital in the king-
dom receives its out-patients more than twice a-
week.
I shall be much obliged to any of your corre-
spondents who will kindly tell me whether the
last assertion is correct, naming at the same time
the town, or stating its numerical population,
from which their experience is drawn. And also
whether their experience would lead them to
hope for the benefits which are said to be ex-
pected from the change. REMIGIUS.
Robert Sansum or Sampson. B. S. I. would
feel obliged for information respecting Robert
Sansum (or Sampson), Commander of the Reso-
lution, and Rear. Admiral of the White, who fell
at Lowestoft on June 3, 1665. *
Where was he born ? Where buried ? What
arms did he bear ? Was he related to a Colonel
Sampson, whose name appears in the list of pro-
posed Knights of the Royal Oak ?
Coffer. What is the exact meaning of this
word in the following passage ? It occurs in the
deposition of a witness in a suit in the Ecclesias-
tical Court of Durham about the state of the
church of Lesbury in Northumberland, in 1630-1.
The witness says, " He doth well remember that
ther were divers coffer jeastes of oak above the
vestrye." Socius DUNELM.
Responsibility of Animals to Man. I met lately
an interesting account of the process by which,
during the Middle Ages, animals and insects (flies,
rats, and others), were cited to appear in the
courts, and to show cause why they should not be
destroyed as a nuisance ? And on their failure to
appear, their extermination was decreed in due
form of law. I shall feel greatly obliged to any
of your correspondents who can refer me to the
work (I think a recent periodical) in which the
narrative occurs ? J. E. T.
NOTES AND QUERIES.
S. X" 30., JULY 26. '5G.
Minor cauert'eg tottfc
" Marry? What is the exact meaning of the
adverbial exclamations " Marry," " Marry trap,"
" Marry and Amen, " Marry, Heaven forbid,"
"Marry come up," so common in these and vari-
ous other forms in our earlier writers ? In Twiss's
valuable Index to Shakspeare (1805) I find "above
250 instances of its occurrence in this our great
dramatist. With most of the writers of his age,
the " Great Lord Digby " too, in his Elvira, em-
ploys this term ; as thus :
" So one displeased to find his crawfishes
Shrivel'd within and empty, said to his cook,
(who laid the fault upon the wane o' th' moon),
' What has the moon to do with crawfishes ? '
' Marry ! she has, 'tis she that governs shellfish.' "
So in Monsieur Thomas, Beaumont and Fletcher :
" Marry ! thou hast taught him, like an arrant rascal,
First," to read perfectly ; which, on my blessing,
I warn'd him from ; for I knew if he read once,
He was a lost man."
The more modern use of " Marry come up " is
found in Pericles, Act IV. Sc. 6. ; Romeo and Ju-
liet, Act II. Sc. 5. Are these corruptions of St.
Mary ? or whence derived ? C. H. P.
[Halli well's explanation, " Marry," as an interjection
equivalent to " Indeed," has been already noticed in our
1 st S. viii. 9. ; but Nares is of opinion that in many in-
stances it is a corruption of Marie, as an asseveration
confirmed by the name of the Virgin Mary. Thus Coles
says, "Many (oath) per Mariam." SuclTis the origin of
Marry come up, originally Marry guep, gip, or gup. "I
suspect," says Nares, " that guep is a corruption of go up,
which it seems was contemptuous. Thus, the children
said to Elisha, Go up, thou bald-head, go up !' "]
Ancient Oaths. If a collection of the very
curious and interesting oaths that have been in
use has not been made in the pages of "1ST. & Q.,"
may I be allowed to make a beginning, hoping
that other contributors to its pages will follow,
and build up such a collection on my foundation ?
Old Chaucer's " Host," in the Canterbury Tales,
strengthens an assertion " By Seinte Poules bell."
Peter the apprentice, in Henry VI., holds up
his hands, and accusing Homer says,
"By these ten lones, my Lords, he did speak them to
me, in the garret one night, as we were scouring my Lord
of York's armour." Henry VI., Pt. II. Act 1. Sc. 4.
T. II. P.
[The habit of profane swearing in former times by the I
English has been noticed in our 1 st S. iv. 37. ; vi. 299.
306. 471.; but we need scarcely add, it is only oaths that
are "curious and interesting" that should be included
in the collection, as many of them in our early writers j
are peculiarly impious and irreverent. Even in Chaucer
it is advisable to make a selection, such as the following : [
The Host swears " By my father's soul."
Sir Thopas~"By ale and bread."
Arcite " By my pan [head]."
Theseus " By mighty Mars the rede."
The Carpenter's wife " By Saint Thomas of Kent.
The Marcliaunt "By Saint Thomas of Inde."
The Cambridge scholar " By my father's kinne."]
Thomas Knaggs, of St. Giles's Church, pub-
lished a funeral sermon on Prince George of Den-
mark, 1708. Who was he? Did he publish
aught else ? and was he ever minister of Trinity
Chapel, Knightsbridge ? H. G. D.
[The Rev. Thomas Knaggs was lecturer at St. Giles-
m-the-Fields for twenty years. He published thirty-one
single sermons between the years 1691 and 1722. See a
list of them in Watt's .Bibliotheca. His successor, Mr.
Riddle, was elected lecturer, May 16. 1724.]
Colman's "Iron Chest" I possess a copy of
this play, of which the following is the title-page :
"The Iron Chest, a Play in Three Acts, written by
George Colman the Younger. With a Preface. First
represented at the Theatre Royal Drury Lane, on Satur-
day, 12th March, 1796. < The principal Characters ' by
Mr. Kemble, &c. (Drury Lane Play-Bill.) < I had as
lievethe town-crier had spoke my lines.' Shakespeare.
This copy contains Colman's original preface,
which I believe to be excessively rare. Is this
preface worthy of being inserted in-" N. & Q." ?
JUVERNA.
[Colman's Preface to the Iron Chest is certainly a racy
production, but Time has robbed it of its interest. Col-
man attributes the condemnation of his play to Mr. Kem-
ble, owing to the rehearsal being imperfect, and from Mr.
Kemble acting " Sir Edward Mortimer " whilst under the
effects of opium pills. No doubt the Thespjfin fraternity
look upon this Preface as a dramatic literary curiosity,
and Jones (Biograph. Dramatical) says that 30s. and even
40s. have been paid for a copy of it. But it makes twenty
pages of 8vo., and would occupy ten in our larger, or
six in the smaller type ; it is therefore obvious that we
have no alternative but to decline JUVERNA'S kind offer
with many thanks.]
Penrith Castle. Where is there any account
of Penrith Castle, now in ruins ? A.
[For descriptive notices of Penrith Castle, consult
Hutchinson's History of Cumberland, vol. i. p. 317 ; and
Nicolson and Burn's Cumberland, vol. ii. p. 404. Views,
with short notices, of this castle, are inserted in Buck's
Antiquities, vol. i. pi. 48., and in Grose's Antiquities, vol. i.
The Old Hundredth (2 nd S. ii. 34.) H. J. G.
says this tune has no English name. He is mis-
taken, as all, or nearly all the tune books I have
seen give it as " Savoy, or the Old Hundredth."
II. G. D.
[Savoy is not an English name, and, being a second
name applied to a tune first known as the 134th Psalm,
and then as the 100th, cannot afford an argument for
taking the tune out of the list of the Old Psalter tunes.
It was not called Savoy for at least fifty years after its
creation. But the application of this name to the tune,
showing its common use with the Germans in the Savoy
Church, may have led to the popular delusion that the
tune was made by Luther.]
S. N 30., JITLY 2G. '56.1
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
71
MERCATOB (NOT THE) AUTHOR OF THE POUND
AND MIL SCHEME.
(2 d S. i. 491.)
Your correspondent MR. JAMES YATES, whose
zealous advocacy of the introduction into the United
Kingdom of the French system of money, weights,
and measures, is so well "known, has accompanied
his question as to " who was Mercator ? " with
some observations intended to show that Mercator
was the author, and published the first idea of, the
pound and mil scheme.
I venture to submit to your readers that, except
we are disposed to attach much importance to
Mercator' s suggestion that the thousandth part of a
pound should be called a mil, MR. YATES'S theory
that Mercator set up a scheme which has been
merely taken up by scientific men, by the Decimal
Association and by parliamentary majorities, will
not hold good.
It appears to me that the proposed decimalisa-
tion of the pound sterling into florin, cent, and
mil, is not only preferable in every respect to
MR. YATES'S plan for the conversion of the pound
sterling into twenty-five ten-pences, or Briiish
francs ; but that, moreover, it is no new scheme,
and has been before the European world of science
as long as decimal fractions have been known.
The illustrious Simon Stevin, writing (or rather
publishing) in 1585, whilst advocating the deci-
malisation of money, weights, and measures, took
care to dissuade his readers from abandoning the
accustomed chief units, which are appropriately
enough termed commencements.
In Article vi. of Stevin's Appendix to La
Disme, it is stated :
" Afin de dire en brief et en general, la sorame et con-
tenu de cest article, faut S9avoir qu'on partira toutes
mesures, comme Longue, Humide, Seiche, Argent, &c.,
par la precedente dixiesme progression et chasque fameuse
espece d'icelles se nommera commencement ; comme
Marc, commencement des pois par lesquels se poise Tor et
1'argent ; Livre, commencement des autres pois communs ;
Livre de gros en Flandres, Livre Esterlain en Angleterre,
Ducat en Hispaigne, &c., commencement de monnoye"
It happens that in, England we shall not be the
first country which has had to change from a
vigesimal and duodecimal to a decimal scale of
account.
Cuthbert Tonstall, when Bishop Elect of Lon-
don, printed, in 1522, his learned and elegant
treatise on arithmetic, which contains many such
suggestions as would lead to a complete decimal sys-
tem, and he remarked upon the then widely spread
custom of keeping accounts in twenties and twelves
as subdivisions of the nominal pound and shilling.
It will be seen, however, from the following ex-
tract, that the bishop saw a point or two of dif-
ference between international coins of account
and international coins of circulation, which it will
be well to observe even at this time :
"Xunc artate nostra apud siugulas penfe nationes auroi
pro regum aut principum avbitrio .varium habent pve-
cium : sic libra?, sic solidi, ut nunc sunt vocabula : mat';-
nam pro regionibus diversitatem habent. Carter iim
illud mirum videtur: quomodo in tanta librarum et soli-
dorum aestimationis differentia, pro suo cuiusque region is
more, mnltae tamen nationes consentiunt ; ut vulgar!
lingua solidum vocent: quod denanolos duodecim \ul-
gares complectitur, libram quod solidos viginti."
Page 271 of edition of 1529.
When Stevin wrote upon the same subject he
advocated decimal subdivision, but with careful
adherence, as far as possible, to accustomed unit?.
" que joignant les vulgaires partitions qu'il y a
maintenant des Mesures, Pois et Argent (demeurant
chasque capitale mesure, Pois et Argent, en tous lieux
immuable) Ton ordonnast encore legitimement par les
Superieurs, la susdicte dixiesme partition, a fin que
chascun qui voudroit la pourroit user.
" II avanceroit aussi la chose si les valeurs d'argent,
principalement de ce qui se forge de nouveau, fussent
valuez sur quelques Primes, Secondes, Tierces, &c. Mais
si tout cecy ne fust pas mis en ceuvre, si tost comme nous
le pourrions souhaiter, ii nous contentera premierement,
qu'il fera du bien a nos successeurs, car il est certain que
si les homines futurs, sont de telle nature comme ont este
les precedens, qu'ils ne seront pas tousiours negligens en
lenr si grand avantage."
The preceding extract only requires one ex-
planation, viz. that by Primes, Secondes et Tierce?,
words in the decimal system suggested probably
by the works of Purbach and Muller, Stevin mean t
tenths, hundredths and thousandths; and altering
these words (as applied to coins) to florins, cents,
and mils, we have the system which is in process
and progress of introduction at the present time.
It is particularly worthy of note, that pre-
viously to the introduction of the decimal metrical
system into France, accounts were kept in livres,
sols, and deniers : twenty sols making one livre
tournois, and twelve deniers one penny. This
vigesimal and duodecimal system had prevailed
from remote antiquity in France, as it had done
in England. The two nations (as the remarks of
Bishop Tonstall illustrate) had the same system
of account; but then the highest French unit, the
livre tournois, was so very much less in value in
comparison with the highest English unit, the
pound sterling, that when the livre tournois, sol,
and denier, came to be decimalised, although the
French substantially retained their highest unit, as
we ought to retain ours, the pound sterling, they
could only coin into francs (nearly equal to the
livre tournois), and into primes and secondes (i. e.
ten centimes, and one centime) ; whilst we can
coin our units, of account and of circulation, into
livres, primes, secondes, and tierces (pounds, florins,
cents, and mils).
Surely, with these inherent advantages in our
system, "we need not be apprehensive of any in-
superable difficulty in carrying out now, what the;
72
NOTES AND QUERIES.
1.2"* s. NO 30., JULY 26. '56.
French carried out two generations ago ; but let
us not have recourse to their little units in pre-
ference to our great units. Let those who like to
keep their accounts *ih ten-pences do so ; but the
pound sterling, and its decimal subdivisions, is the
right thing in the right place. FEED, HENDKIKS.
NOTES ON TREES AND FLOWERS (1 st S. i. 173.
457. ; xi. 460. ; xii. 71. 211.) : GREEN ROSE (1 s *
S. xii. 143. 234. 371. 481.)
When the Isiac veil thrown over ancient re-
ligion by genealogies, fables, and etymologies,
shall be withdrawn, it will be evident that the
spirit of Nature has been impressed on all the
female deities. These personages are not mere
maids of honour, and she only the queen, but
through all the disguises under which she is
masked she breaks forth, O Dea certe, whether
represented by the moon or by the earth, by the
polyonymous Isis, or by the myrianthous Venus :
"All the Graces," says Thryllitius *, "in producing the
rose appear anxiously to have endeavoured the utmost
they could effect ; wherefore it is no wonder that such a
multitude of fables was created respecting the flower de-
dicated to Venus. Having diligently examined," con-
tinues our author, " the legends of Anacreon and others,
I am persuaded that it is so named avn TOV poOov TO poSov,
and having considered the legends, according to which
the rose originated either with Venus, or from the blood
of Venus, or from the gore of Adonis, or from the nectar
spilt by Cupid's negligence, or lastly, from the influx of
the star Venus, I could not refrain from suspecting some-
thing of this kind. On all sides is discovered an abun-
dant flow of love, a manifest power of nature, productive
of vegetation. Moreover, the leaves of the flower afford
a most elegant spectacle, winding in the manner of little
waves around their ungues, and in their first spontaneous
budding, effected by the law of the Almighty Creator, all
plants appear to be evolved by the same undulating
motion formed by an inherent force of nature, the know-
ledge of which antiquity perhaps intended to preserve by
the name given to this 'king of flowers. I shall therefore
be pleased to declare that in all those fables there is no-
thing involved but the general history of the production
of all plants, intended by the example of the rose."
He then explains, according to Bayle's theory,
the generation of plants, now nourished by the
constant influence of dew and showers, from juices
adapted to them, and evolved by the moisture
prepared by Divine Omnipotence in the bowels of
the earth. He shows that the first founders of
these fables seem not to have been strangers to
this opinion, and explains how in the fable of
Cassianus Bassus physical properties may be alle-
gorized by Mars, Adonis, and Venus.
The same writer enumerates the varieties of
roses, one of which is derived from the colour of
the flower, since in some it is found white, in
others purple, in others flesh colour, in others
* Plantarum Historia Fabularis, 4to., Vitembergse, 1713.
p^ale, in others yellow, in others mixed, in others
light green, if, according to Costaeus, it is en-
grafted on Agrifolii arbuscula.
BlBLIOTHECAR. CHETHAM.
Can you find room among the fresh leaves of
" N". & Q." for a newly blown rose ? It was ob-
tained from a " cutting " which I enclose (from a
Chester newspaper, June 25), and will be best
propagated by being transferred to your columns.
" Mr. W. H. Osborne, of Perry Pont House, Perry Bar,
Staffordshire, has a perfectly green rose in flower in his
new rose-house. The rose, called Rosa Verdlflora, is of a
full rich green. The tree was procured from a French
nurseryman."
F. PHILLOTT.
MUSICAL NOTATION.
On Music ; and suggestions for improvement in its symbols,
or nomenclature of sounds : to the end that there may be a
clearer demonstration of the ratios of sounds, and, by con-
sequence, a more extended knowledge of the fundus of this
art, that is the poetry or measured relation of its forms.
The readers of " 1ST. & Q." (2 nd S. ii. 14.) must
have been much pleased in perusing the article on
" Musical Notation," by so distinguished a writer
as PROFESSOR DE MORGAN. For myself, as a
musician, I consider every exercise of the mathe-
matician on the subject matter of music as a step
to that which eventually must take place the
union of the mathematician with the musician :
that which PROFESSOR DE MORGAN has made out
as a case of distress I have long felt to be a case of
necessity. The symbols and terms now. used in
the grammar of music render any clear explana-
tion of music as poetry most difficult.
The modern definition of music declares it to
be " the art of continuing tunable sounds in a
manner agreeable to the ear ; " but the old Pagan
theorist declares music to be " the art of finding
beauty in sounds by means of their ratios or
measure" And this is true ; for from the begin-
ning of the world all music has been made upon
one principle, that is to say, the doctrine of the
proportions of the scale. Music is caused by un-
dulations in the atmosphere which gather them-
selves together into a series of geometrical figures
in the ether. Although the hearing is in our
bodily frame, the causation of the hearing is the
geometric figure in motion. The sound is the
affection ; the aerial pulsation the cause of the
affection. It exists to us as an affection of the
nervous and muscular organism ; but when we
seek to deal with it as centrical, relative, a whole,
or an aliquot part of some whole, we must know
something more of it than a mere sensible proper,
or bare sensation. Effects are facts, but causes
are anterior facts. The existence in nature of the
2 n<1 S. N' 30., JULY 26. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES,
relations or proportions of the scale is one fact ;
the knowledge of these relations, and the practical
power of applying them, is another. Great music
hath ever been lying in the lap of nature ready j
for man's use and enjoyment whensoever man had ;
his head, his heart, and his hand, prepared to take
it from her. The perfection of nature and the
mechanism of man are things widely asunder :
until the laws of musical science are clearly esta-
blished every man will make his own sense or
perception of music that is to say, his individual
taste a law to others as well as to himself; whereas
it is manifest such a standard can only be a law
unto himself. Your taste will not necessarily be
my taste, unless it be one common to humanity,
and to make it common to humanity it must be
founded upon the first laws of nature, and received
without prejudice and without guile. There^is a
vast quantity of acquired sensation and received
suggestion with respect to music in the ears and
heads of persons fond of music, and who even
make the art and science their profession, or of
amateur study ; and this stock of musical percep-
tion and recollection enables many a one to talk
of, and write about, and even compose music : still
from these, and such as these, the true causes of
music are altogether concealed and remain un-
observed and unknown ; for the facts in music are
overlooked by them, and in their place has arisen
a mass of symbols but ill representing the realities.
The rudimentary language of the art is a compila-
tion of fictions. The vibration which runs through
our nervous fluid the result of the figure in the
ether, when communicated to our bodily frame
we describe as a note. We begin the study of
music by learning our notes. What are notes?
They are symbols for sounds ; but who entertains
the idea of one sound as a whole, or centre, and
other sounds as relations of or analogous parts of
a whole, or that a scale is the genealogical tree of
any given sound the centre and its family rela-
tions the orange divided into so many aliquot
parts, and subject to so many modes of apposi-
tion and arrangement ? H. J. GAUNTLETT.
8. Powys Place, Queen Square.
(To be continued.)
REVIVAL AFTER EXECUTION.
(2 nd S. i. 490.)
There is really very little to be surprised at in
most of the cases we see brought forward of re-
vival after execution ; and accounts of such cases
are of trifling value unless they are accompanied
by a statement of the circumstances under which
the execution took place, and more especially of
the length of time during which the body was siis-
pended. Before the new drop placed on an
elevated spot was adopted, executions were
very often managed in such a way that justice
was very easily evaded. Hangmen were un-
questionably often tampered with, and they had
every facility for evading detection, more par-
ticularly as the friends of the culprit, the gal-
lows being generally on the ground and in an
open space, could easily crowd around, and
thus prevent observation, and also assist the exe-
cutioner in carrying out the deception which he
had been well paid to effect. Criminals, it is true,
were sentenced to be " hung by the neck until
they were dead" but the deciding when a man was
dead was often left entirely to the discretion of
the hangman, who thus was at liberty to "cut
down " some culprits much sooner than he did
others. Hence, what with feeing the hangman to
give his victim " a short fall " to tie and place
the rope in a particular way and to cut the
body down quickly ; and what with the friends of
the culprit crowding round close to the gallows
and interfering with what was going on, execu-
tions were frequently conducted in such a manner
as to render the subsequent revival of the person
a matter of very little surprise or difficulty. The
known cases are not a few, and if those which are
unknown, on account of the secret having been
well kept, were made public, the list, I believe,
would contain some scores of names. At one
time, indeed, it was the regular practice for the
friends of a victim of the law to make every pos-
sible preparation for his semi-hanging and his sub-
sequent resuscitation. When Deacon Brodie was
hung at Edinburgh in 1788, for robbing the Ex-
cise Office, the hangman was bribed to give him
" a short fall," and as soon as he was cut down, a
spring cart was at hand, which quickly deposited
his body at a place where doctors were in readi-
ness with every adjunct for his revival. The ex-
periment failed in this case, it is true ; but this was
solely because the hangman killed Brodie without
intending it, by tying a knot which slipped at the
critical moment, and gave the deacon a fall of
about treble the length he had contracted for, and
the case therefore is not the less valid a proof of
the practice I have referred to. The new drop,
however, by the publicity it ensures, and by the
efficacy of its operation, has put an end to decep-
tion on the part of the hangman, and to interfer-
ence on the part of the crowd ; and I therefore think
you will agree with me that cases of revival after
execution contain nothing in them that is extra-
ordinary, unless they can be shown to have oc-
curred after the employment of the new drop, and
unless they are accompanied with reasonable proofs
that the culprit was fairly hung and suspended
for the full legal hour. HENRY KENSINGTON.
NOTES AND QUERIES.
N" 30.,
2G. *5P.
REMOTE TRADITIONS THROUGH FEW LINKS.
(2 nd S. ii. 29.)
The following extract from Carrick's Life of
Sir William Wallace (Whittaker, 1840, p. 29.')
gives the information sought for by E. C. :
" Having said thus much of the dress and equipment
of Wallace, the following anecdote respecting his strength
and personal appearance may not be unacceptable to the
reader; it is translated from Hector Boe'ce by the learned
editor of Morrison's edition of Blind Harry, who thus
introduces it: 'Though this author fBoece) in general
is not much to be credited, yet it would be bard not to
believe him in an instance which happened near his own
time, and in which, if he had spoken falsely, he could
immediately have been detected. The anecdote in an-
other respect is curious, as it affords an example of lon-
gevity, not unsimilar to that of the Irish Countess 'of
Desmond, who attained a still more advanced age.
" The date is the year 1430. At that time James I.
was in Perth ; and perhaps having heard Henry the
Minstrel* recite some of Wallace's exploits, found his
curiosity excited to visit a noble lady of great age, who
was able to inform him of many ancient matters. She
lived in the castle of Kinnoul, on the opposite side of the
river ; and was probably a widow of one of the Lords of
Erskine, a branch of whose family continued to be de-
nominated from the barony of Kinnoul till about the
year 1440. It was Boece's manner to relate an event as
circumstantially as if he had been one of the parties, and
engaged in it. I shall, therefore, give the anecdote in his
own manner, by translating his words :
" ' In consequence of her extreme old age, she had lost
her sight, but all her other senses were entire ; and her
body was yet firm and lively. She had seen William
Wallace and Robert Bruce, and frequently told parti-
culars concerning them. The King, who entertained a
love and veneration of greatness, resolved to visit the
old lady, that he might hear her describe the manners
and strength of the two heroes, who were admired in his
time, as they now are in ours. He, therefore, sent a
message, acquainting her that he was to come to her
next day. She received the message gratefully; and
thing for his reception in the best manner, particularly
that they should display her pieces of tapestry ; some of
which were uncommonly rich and beautiful. All her ser-
vants became busily employed, for their work was in some
degree unusual, as she had not for a long time been ac-
customed to receive princely visitors. The next day, when
told the King was approaching, she went down into the
hall of her castle, dressed with as much elegance and finery
as her old age and the fashion of the time would permit;
attended by a train of matrons, many of whom were her
own descendants, of which number some appeared more
altered and disfigured by age than she herself was. One
of her matrons having Informed her that the King was
entering the hall, she arose from her seat, and advanced
to meet him so easily and gracefully, that he doubted of
* "According to Pinkerton, and other authorities,
Henry did not finish his work till 1470. It is, therefore,
more probable that the curiosity of James Avas excited by
the original narrative of Blair; a book which, from his
long captivity in England, he had perhaps heard little
about, till his return to Scotland. The rehearsal, there-
fore, of the heroic achievements of his illustrious country-
man may have produced all the excitement which the
editor of the Perth edition supposes, though not made by
the Minstrel,"
her being wholly blind. At his desire, she embraced and
kissed him. Her attendant assured him that she was
wholly blind ; but that, from long custom, she had ac-
quired these easy movements. He took her by the hand
and sat down, desiring her to sit on the same seat next
to him. And then, in a long conference, he interrogated
her respecting ancient matters. He was much delighted
with her conversation. Among other things, he asked
her to tell him what sort of a man William Wallace was?
What was his personal figure ? What his courage ? .\nd
with what degree of strength he was endowed? He put
the same questions to her concerning Bruce. Robert, she
said, was a man beautiful, and of a fine appearance. His
strength was so great, that he could easily have over-
come any mortal man of his time ; but in so far as he
excelled other men, he was excelled by Wallace, both in
stature and in bodily strength ; for, in wrestling, Wallace
could have overthrown two such men as Robert was.
" ' The King made some inquiries concerning his own
immediate parents, and his other ancestors ; and having
heard her relate many things, returned to Perth well
pleased with the visit he had made.'" Boe'th. Hist.,
i. xvii,
JOHN I. DREDGE.
ONE GIFFORD, A CLERGYMAN.
(2 nd S. i. 492.)
" Verse sweetens toil, however rude the sound,
All at her work the village maiden sings :
Nor while she turns the giddy wheel around,
Revolves the sad vicissitude of things."
These lines are quoted by Dr. Samuel Johnson
in his Dictionary i under the word " vicissitude ; "
they occur in a short poem entitled Contempla-
tion*, which was printed in 1753, and its author
was Richard Gifford, B.A., of Baliol College, Ox-
ford ; Vicar of Duffield, co. Derby; Rector of
North Ockendon, co. Essex ; and Chaplain to
John and George, fourth and sixth Marquises of
Tweeddale, to whose family he was related. Ri-
chard Gilford was the only surviving son of John
Gifford of Tester in Scotland, M.A. of the Uni-
versity of Edinburgh, Rector of Mainstone, co.
Salop, and chaplain to Charles, third Marquis of
Tweeddale. His mother was Elizabeth Wollaston,
sister of Richard Wollaston, Receiver-General of
Taxes for the county of Salop. She belonged to
a branch of the ancient family of Wollaston of
Wollaston in Staffordshire. In 1748 the Rev.
Richard Gifford published his Remarks on Mr.
Kemricott's Dissertation on the Tree of Life in
Paradise. In 1751 appeared his Dissertation on
the Song of Solomon, with the original Text, di-
vided according to the Metre, and a Poetical Ver-
sion. (See Lowndes's British Librarian, p. 174.
art. 393.) His Outlines of an Answer to Dr.
Priestley's Disquisition relating to Matter and
Spirit followed in 1781. Mr. Gifford took upon
himself the labour of translating, for Nichols's
* See vol. v. p. 182. of Nichols's Literary Anecdotes of
the Eighteenth Century,
S. N 30., JbLY 26. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
History of Leicestershire, so much of Domesday
Book as related to the history of that county ; an
arduous task, which he performed ably and
promptly. His translations of Lycophron and Ni-
cander into English verse were never published,
but he left behind him a mass of inedited manu-
scripts, evidences of the unwearied and recondite
sludies of his long life. Some specimens of his
polished verse arc to be found in Dodsley's col-
lection, and to a few of his articles in the Gentle-
mans Magazine the signature of " R. Duff" is
placed. This rare old scholar was tutor, for a
short time, to the late well-known sportsman
Hugo Meynell, of Hoar Cross ; but hia private
ibrtuno was ample, and it seems that tuition did
not suit his taste, for when John, eighth Earl of
Kothes, requested him to become " tutor and
manager " of his eldest son, he declined the pro-
posal, though it was accompanied by the promise
of future preferment. By a letter addressed to
Mr. Gifford from George, sixth Marquis of Tweed-
dale (dated Newhall, Dec. 26, 1772), it appears
that he had also refused to undertake the same
duties, attended by the same prospective advan-
tages, in the family of that nobleman's elder
brother. The Rev. Richard Gifford married in
1763 Elizabeth Woodhouse, cousin and devisee of
the Rev. Thomas Alley ne, M. A., Rector of Lough-
borough, co. Leicester. The subject of this notice
died in 1807, aged eighty-two, leaving an only
child, Euphemia, who died unmarried, Dec. 6,
1853, in her eighty-ninth year. Mr. Gifford bore
the arms of the Giffords of Tester, and his crest
was a goat's head.
A RELATIVE or " ONE GIFFORD, A CLERGYMAN."
tn ftlfuar
Lines quoted by Sir Robert Peel (2 nd S. ii. 48.)
They are Dryden's of Shaftesbury in Absolom and
AchitophcL C.
" When waves run high,
A daring pilot in extremity."
The right version is,
" A daring pilot in extremity,
Pleased with the danger when the waves ran high."
Absolom and Achitophel, 160.
X.H.
Tale wcaited (2 nd S. i. 11.) I beg to refer a. 0.
to a tale entitled "The Table d'Hote," in the
New Monthly Magazine (vol. Ixxi. p. 495.), of
which the following is a summary of the chief in-
cidents : An English tourist, at Interlacken,
finds himself placed at the dinner- table vis-a-vis
to a beautiful woman, whose features seem not
altogether unfamiliar to him. His memory and
conversational powers stimulated by his host's
champagne, ho finds himself, by the time the ladies
have withdrawn, in a position to impart to an
Italian signor by his side his conviction that their
beautiful convive was the identical person whom
he had chanced to see exposed in the pillory, and
branded as a thief, a year or two ago at Brussells.
The Italian, who has become excited during the
progress of the story, quits the dinner-table, and
the communicative Englishman takes a digestive
stroll. In the evening he is summoned by the
waiter into the Italian's room ; where he learns,
to his horror, that the person whom he has made
the confidant of his reminiscences is the husband
of their heroine ! A recantation is demanded,
and a duel across the table proposed as an alter-
native : the Italian proceeding, as a minor pre-
liminary, to falsify the Englishman's statement by
causing his wife, who is an agonised spectator of
the interview, to bare her shoulders. She accom-
plishes the process, and the fatal scar is seen. A
yell, that bursts from the husband's lips, "pro-
claims at once his conviction and his agony."
Voices are now heard at the door ; and the Italian,
finding that there is no time to lose, proceeds to
business : his first pistol wounds his wife, the
second puts a stop to his own career. The En-
glishman shouts in desperation to those outside to
force the door, and the curtain falls on the tableau.
This outline of the story may either save or
stimulate reference to the volume which I have
indicated. WILLIAM BATES.
Birmingham.
Striking in the King's Court (2 nd S. ii. 49.)
The first Duke of Devonshire, when Lord Caven-
dish, having struck Colonel Culpepper within the
verge of the court, was acrimoniously prosecuted
for the offence ; and was glad to escape the am-
putation by a fine of 30,000/., which was, I think,
remitted at the Revolution which soon after fol-
lowed. C.
Lawn Billiards (2 nd S. ii. 10.) Troco, or
TrochOy which F. C. B. brings forward as another
name for the above, is most likely a word adopted
from the Greek by the inventor OP restorer of
the game. Tpox^s (vide Donnegan's Lex.) means
" any thing of a circular or globular form, a ball
or globe." Instances of a similar application of
the ancient languages to modern inventions will
be familiar to most of your readers, e. q. Rhypo-
phagon, Kamptulicon, Antigropelos ; and in my
time, at Cambridge, a certain slate billiard table
was designated on the owner's sign-board as
"patent petrosian" (from TreVpoy, "a stone," no
doubt). J. EASTWOOD.
Eckington.
Credence Table (2 nd S. i. 154.) I saw it stated
in one of our quarterly periodicals in 1852, that
"credence table" was derived from an obsolete
German verb, Kredenzen, to taste, owing to the
76
NOTES AND QUERIES.
S. NO 30., JULY 26. '56.
elements being placed on the credence table ; with
a view to their being publicly tasted (before con-
secration) by a person appointed for that purpose,
whenever the monarch was about to communicate,
lest poison intended to destroy the monarch
should be mixed with the bread or wine.
JUVEBNA.
Benjamin Franklin (2 d S. i. 305.) Some
curious particulars connected with the life of the
philosopher are given in
" History of a French Louse, or the Spy of a New
Species in France and England, &c. A Key to the chief
Events of the Year 1779, and those which are to happen
in 1780. London : printed for T. Becket, Adelphi, Strand,
1779."
Franklin had been, at this time, the minister-
plenipotentiary from the American Congress to
the Court of London, and had not escaped the
satire of the English pamphleteers. From the
rather scurrilous nature of the publication, what
is stated may be expected to be a little over-
charged, yet not inconsistent with the information
we have through other channels of the Doctor's
habits. One extract as a specimen of his economy
may suffice :
" He then quitted his master, and lived privately, sub-
sisting for many years upon fourpence a-day. I cannot
conceive how he did it : to me it seems impossible. And
yet nothing is more eas} 7 ; it requires only resolution : his
method was to purchase for three pence a quantity of
potatoes, which served him for bread and meat both, and
of which there was sufficient to subsist on a Avhole week.
A baker roasted them for a halfpenny; and he bought
from a milk-woman, daily, a halfpenny worth of milk ;
all this amounted to no more than sevenpence a week.
He gave a penny a day for his lodgings in a garret, be-
cause be liked neatness and convenience, otherwise he
might have accommodated himself at a cheaper rate. He
drank small beer mixed with water, and this cost him
twopence a week. The remainder he laid by for dress and
pocket -money : for he employed nobody to wash for him,
or to mend his linen and stockings. Now let us calculate,
and you will be convinced that it is not impossible to live
upon this sum. Fourpence a day makes twenty-eight
pence a week :
His potatoes, the dressing of them, and his milk,
cost him every week ----- 7d
His lodging - - - - - - -7
And his beer ---..--- 2
Total
- 16
Thus, out of eight-and-twenty pence a week, there re-
mained twelve to make a figure with."
In the Universal Asylum and Columbian Maga-
zine for April 1790, printed at " Philadelphia by
William Young" (who emigrated from Paisley),
will be found a very interesting notice of " the
order of procession" at the Doctor's funeral ; and
a " short account of his last illness by his attend-
ing physician." G. N.
Umbrella or Parasol (2 nd S. i. 503.) Jos. G.
says, " If it be an umbrella, it certainly is a some-
what ancient discovery." Why not ? When, for
aught we know, the Chinese, Burmese, and natives
of India, have used umbrellas from time imme-
morial. The umbrellas referred to in the Nine-
vite sculptures are facsimiles of the " chattas "
still in use among the Burmese and Indians.
E. E. BYNG.
Surnames (2 nd S. i. 213. 396. 522.) It may
further establish the fact, that Rand is a local
name, if I mention that the eighth Abbat of
Bardney, who was deposed in 1214, bore the name
of Half de Rand. See Leland's Collectanea, vi.
216., Lond., 1770, 8vo. J. SANSOM.
Hengist and Horsa (2 nd S. i. 439.) J. M. K.
" There is no reason to believe the Frisian heroes
Hengist and Horsa to be a .bit more genuine than Cad-
mus or Romulus ; they merely adumbrate in the usual
way the historical fact that Kent was peopled by Frisian
tribes."
If they are but myths, how is their descent
actually registered in the old chronicles quoted
by Mac Cabe in his Catholic History of England?
A.t p. 96., he says : " They were the sons of Wicht-
gisius, the son of Wecta, whose father was
Woden." For this genealogy he gives Beda as
his authority. Then (p. 97.) he transcribes from
Roger de Wendover and Geoffry of Monmouth a
conversation between Hengist and the British
king Vortigern. In a note (p. 98.), he quotes
from Sir F. Palgrave's Rise and Progress of the
English Commonwealth, and says :
" The learned author remarks, as to Hengist and Horsa,
that, 'the names bestowed upon the sons of Wightgils
seem to be poetical epithets, rather than real denomina-
tions; both have the same meaning, and both only de-
signate the snow-white steed, from whom their ancestors
sought the omen before they entered the conflict, and
whose form, still constituting the heraldry of Kent,
adorned the standard which led them forth to victory.' "
At p. 101., he mentions "the daughter of Hen-
gist," quoting William of Malmesbury and Poly-
dore Vergil. By Geoffry of Monmouth she is called
" Eonwen ;" and by Nennius, " Romwena." The
same authorities describe the death of Horsa, and
his being succeeded by Hengist. In a note
(p. 108.), Mac Cabe says : "Horsa is believed to
have been buried at Horstead in Kent ;" adding,
in inverted commas, " Monumentum suo nomine
insigne." In the note following the above, he
quotes from the Saxon Chronicle, A. D. 455 :
"And aefter tham feng Hengest to rice." The
return of Hengist to England in 461 is there re-
lated (p. 111.), with his subsequent acts, till his
sentence by Eldad, Bishop of Gloucester, in the
Council of Conisborough, to be beheaded. Geof.
Mon., Rog. de Wend., and Matt. Westni., all agree
in this account of his death.
Could so many facts have been recorded of two
heroes who had no personal existence whatever ?
2 nd S. NO 30., JULY 26. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
77
when William of Malmesbury even gives a per-
sonal character of Hengist :
" Vir qui successus suos non minus fraudibus quam
viribus urgens, inultum geuuinse sicvitiai indulgens,
omnia cruentius quam civilius agere mallet." Gest. Her.
Any., lib. i. sec. 8.
This quoted by Mac Cabe in a note, p. 127.
E. E. BYKG.
Morning Dreams (2 nd S. i. 392.) Your corre-
spondent SARTOR has, I think, misquoted a line
from Samuel Lover's songs of The Superstitions
of the Irish Peasantry, which begins with these
lines :
" The eye of weeping
Had closed in sleeping,
And I dreamed a sweet dream yesternight."
The concluding line of the song is,
" For I knew that the morning dream was true."
The superstition is as old as Horace, who writes
(1st Book of Satires, 10th Satire, 31st line) :
" Atqui ego, cum Graecos facerem, natus mare citra,
Versiculos, vetuit tali me voce Quirinus,
Post mediam noctem visus, quum somnia vera."
Tibullus also, in the fourth Elegy of his third
book, writes :
" Dii meliora ferant, ne sint insomnia vera,
Quse tulit extrema proxima nocte quies."
And Ovid (Epist. Heroides) :
" Namque sub Aurora, jam dormitante lucerna,
Tempore quo cerni somnia vera solent."
See the Delphin Horace, p. 423.
JUVERNA, M.A.
Dreams true after Midnight. Orellius, com-
menting on Horace, Sat. i. 10. 33. (" Quirinus
post mediam noctem visus, quum somnia vera),
cites Moschus, 2. 2. :
" NUKTOS ore rpirarov \axs i'tTTarai, eyyvOi 8' %<*>$
EVTC Kal a.Tpe/ce'wf TroiuaiVerac tOvos bvfipuv."
A. A.D.
Thomas Simon (1 st S. xii. 27. ; 2 nd S. i. 477.)
As Simon was a citizen and goldsmith, his father's
name and his own age will be found in the record
of his apprenticeship and admission to the freedom
in the books of the Goldsmiths' Company, and
most likely other particulars. The officials of the
Company would doubtless willingly contribute to
the fame of a member so eminent. The same
books will show whether his sons were admitted
to the freedom by patrimony. HYDE CLARKE.
Whitsunday (2 nd S. i. 521.) In enumerating
the Feasts, on which churches were decked with
flowers, MR. MACKENZIE WALCOTT having men-
tioned that of Pentecost, calls the English name
Whiteson-Day, and considers that name a cor-
ruption of the German pingsten, fiftieth. But
surely here is a twofold mistake. The word
should be Pfingsten, which has no apparent con-
nection with the German word for fiftieth, which
is funfzigste. Still less conceivable is it that our
word Whiteson-Day, or Whitsunday, can have
been a corruption of Pfingsten, by any process
however ingenious. The received origin of the
name Whitsunday is from the appearance of the
neophytes on that Sunday and during the octave,
in the church, in the white garments which they
had received at their solemn baptism on the pre-
ceding Saturday, called Whitsun Eve. F. C. H.
Odments (2 nd S. i. 433.) This word is still in
common use in various parts of the north of Eng-
land, particularly in the Deanery of Craven, in
the West Riding of Yorkshire. Your corre-
spondent CENTURION will find it in both Brocket's
Glossary, and an anonymous one of the Craven
dialect. Q
Bloomsbury.
The Weather (2 nd S. i. 431.) The observation
of N. H. L. R. relative to a change in the prevail-
ing winds, corresponds with my own experience
on the same subject ; and this change is especially
remarkable in the west of England, where for-
merly the S.W. almost amounted to a " trade."
A few years ago, being at Dover, I learned
from the pilots that the S.W., which used to be
the prevalent wind, was no longer so, easterly
winds now predominating ; as might be seen by a
reference to the book kept in the harbour-master's
office.
I never made the reference, therefore cannot
vouch for the truth of the assertion. Perhaps
your correspondent may have an opportunity of
so doing. A. C. M.
Exeter.
Burning of Boohs (2 nd S. ii. 19.) At the time
of the late Duke of York's connexion with Mrs.
Mary Anne Clarke, in the years 1808-9, I re-
member, an amusing caricature by Rowlandson,
called " The Burning of the Books." It repre-
sented Mrs. Clarke ordering piles of books to be
burnt, which were brought on the shoulders of
several men, and flung into a large fire. The
books were lettered Memoirs of Mrs. C., of Col.
Wardle, the D. of York, &c.. and Mrs. Clarke was
represented saying ; " Burn away ! I would burn
the universe for the money. Not a single vestige
in print or manuscript shall be preserved, except
copies for Dr. O'Meara, and a few private friends."
F.C.H.
Port Jackson (2 nd S. ii. 50.) I think there can
be no doubt that Port Jackson was so named
after Sir George Jackson, then second secretary
of the Admiralty. The claim of the " man at the
mast head" is negatived by the statement that
produces it ; for how could the " man, at the mast
head" have had any share in discovering a
NOTES AND QUERIES.
S. N 30., JULS: 26. '56.
harbour, so wholly invisible from seaward that
when the captain, taking to his boat, found out an
entrance, he was filfed with "astonishment more
easily conceived than described." C.
Jewish Persuasion (2 nd S. i. 492.) CENT^JUION
proposes what seems to me a very odd question.
Persuasion is a very common synonyme for reli-
gious belief. It means (not that a man has been
persuaded by any one to adopt a creed, but) that
he is what he is by conviction. An instance of the
use of the term occurs in Goldsmith's History of
England, where one motive which induced Percy
to write his mysterious letter to Lord Monteagle
is said to be because the latter " was of the same
persuasion as himself." C. H. S. (Clk.)
Rev. R. Montgomery (2 nd S. i. 293. 321. 400.
521.) G. professes to write "for the sake of
accuracy," and endorses D.'s communication as
" correct." Now D. said that the evidence of a
baptismal register had never been adduced. JAMES
DARLING, however, showed that this had been ad-
duced. And yet says G., D.'s communication is
" correct ! " What would convince G. ? A bap-
tismal register is evidence in a court of law; and
therefore G. must prove that Mr. Montgomery
sent a forged certificate to the Quarterly, or else
must submit to be deemed inaccurate. A Bath
Directory is of no weight against a baptismal
register. (3. 7 . 5.
Meaning qf"haync" (2 nd S. ii. 49.) J. E. should
have stated which his "neighbourhood" is. It is
not a frequent termination in any district that I
remember. It may possibly be the plural of hay,
a hedge. C.
Parochial Libraries (2 nd S. i. 459.) There
was one attached to the parish church of Wester-
ham, Kent :
"One Charles West gave the parish by will in 1765,
together with TOO/, stock for the use of the poor, a library
of books consisting of several hundred volumes, many of
them curious and rare. The catalogue of these books is
carefully preserved in the parish chest, but the books
themselves are nowhere to be found." George's Wester-
ham Journal, April 1, 1844.
Westerham church has unfortunately often fallen
into bad hands : its library has gone, many of its
brasses have been removed, in some instances by
those who should have protected them. A writer
in the Gent's Mag., 1807, complains of seeing
one acting as fender to the clerk's fire-place!
There are several excellent specimens still exist-
ing, one of which has been recently engraved by
Mr. Dunkin in his History of Kent; but if not re-
moved to some other part of the church, or affixed
to the wall near, it will (being just within the
porch) be worn to a level with the paving. But
all has been " low and slow:" a fine roof lath and
plastered over, pews like sheep pens, windows cut
about, and everything done to deface and to spoil
what otherwise would have been an imposing,
though not handsome, structure.
I believe, however, that a different spirit in
some measure has been awakened, and that there
are those now who would prevent any further
devastation. H. G. D.
Validity of English Orders &"* S.'i. 476.)
No one doubts that the practice in the church of
Rome is, and long has been, to deny the validity
of English orders ; but it is a curious point of
history that this practice was by no means uniform
at the time of the Reformation. Thus Latimer
was taken for no true bishop, and not degraded
from the episcopal order, while several others
who had been consecrated exactly as Latimer was,
but conformed under Queen Mary, were at once
acknowledged bishops, without re-consecration.
/3. 7. 5.
Religious Play before Henri/ VIII. at Green-
wich in 1527 (2 nd S. ii. 24.) C. M. has failed to
remark the errors made by Mr. Froude in his mo-
dernised version of the old account respecting
this play. They are of more importance than the
question whether Mr. Froude copied from Mr.
Collier, or not; whilst they pretty clearly show
that he did not copy from the Annals of the Stage,
as docs the circumstance of Mr. Froude quoting
from the Rolls House, where the MS. is now de-
posited, instead of the Chapter House, where it was
when Mr. Collier wrote. Mr. Froude has omitted
two of the dramatis persons, the Poet, and one of
the ladies of Bohemia, named Corruption of Scrip-
ture ; the three orthodox characters, Religio,
Ecclesia, and Veritas, he has converted into
widows instead of novices, and their veils into
" suits" of lawn and cypress. Neither Mr. Froude
nor. Mr. Collier explain how Luther was "lyke a
party freer;" but I imagine the term applies to.
his costume : he was " in russet damaske and blahe
taffata," a sort of party or mongrel friar, some-
thing like a wet Quaker. Neither is it explained
how it was that the children of Paul's required so
many as six boats for their conveyance to court :
but I have little doubt that the six boats were, as
six cabs might be now, employed at six different
times, either at six several visits to the court (for
the rehearsals as well as the performance), or for
three visits, one boat on each occasion being hired
for going to Greenwich, and the other for re-
turning. J- G- NICHOLS.
Numerous Families (2 nd S. ii. 39.) In the
church of St. Nicolas, at Ghent, there is a tablet
to the memory of Oliver Minjau and Amalberga
Slangen, his wife, who were the parents of thirty-
one children, twenty-one boys and ten girls. Old
Oliver appeared at the head of his twenty-one
sons, all in uniform, when Charles V. made his
NO 30., JULY 26. T>6.]
NOTES AND QUERIES,
79
entry into Ghent as Count of Flanders. Charles
was so pleased at the fact of a simple artisan
bringing up and educating such a family, that he
conferred on Oliver a modest pension. The re-
nowned Count of Abensberg, when the Emperor
Henry IT. visited his German provinces, presented
his thirty-two children as the most acceptable
offering he could make to his sovereign. The
Count was happier with them than poor Minjau
and his wife Amalberga with theirs. The thirty-
one children of this Ghent couple were carried off
together, in 1526, by the suette, which we have no
difficulty (as it is called the newly imported En-
glish disease) in recognising as the black sweat of
England. Minjau and his wife died within a few
weeks after the loss of all their children, among
whom they lie interred. Their monument is the
most affecting of the many memorials of the dead
raised in populous Ghent. J. DORAN.
Irish Round Towers (2 nd S. ii. 44.) In reply
to J. M. G., I beg leave to express my dissent
from his statement, that the origin of these towers
is a profound mystery. I have myself visited and
examined a majority of them ; and have read, I
believe, all that has been published about them,
and have not the slightest doubt that they were
belfries^ as their ancient, as well as present native,
denomination imports, clochas. I cannot but think
that it would be a sad waste of your space to re-
produce the absurd theories with which this really
very simple question has been perplexed. C.
The best theory that I have heard, as to the
origin of the round towers, was one current in the
famine years, when all kinds of useless labour
were devised for the employment of the poor. It
was simply this there was a Board of Works in
those days. X. II.
Showing the White Feather (1 st S. v. 274. 309.)
In Andrew Borde's Bohe of the Introduction of
Knowledge, 1542, I find, under the head Navarre :
" The chiefc towne is Pampilona, and there is another
towne called Saynte Domyngo, in the whyche towne there
is a church, in the whiche is kept a white cocke and a
hene. And euery pilgrime that goeth or commyth y*
way to Saynt James in Compostel hath a whit feder to
set on his hat."
Borde then proceeds to tell a marvellous tale
about this cock and hen ; which, however, do not
appear to be connected with the pilgrim's white
feather, otherwise than in his inexplicit language.
J. P.
Birmingham.
The Ten Commandments (2 nd S. i. 503.) For
the sake of information and not controversy, will
F. C. H. be so good as to give the editions, dates,
&c., of "the [Roman-Catholic] catechisms used
by authority in this country " in which the Com-
mandments are taught at length? Dr. M c Caul
in a tract published a few years ago stated that
he could find only one or two such in the world.
0. y. 8.
Jacobite Song (2 nd S. ii. 43.) There is a mis-
print in this song which is worth correcting :
" Monarchy halters " should be " Monarchy
haters"
In the "Political Poem," in p. 46., " trump"
is obviously a mistake for "triumph" C.
Kneller's Portrait of Shahsptare (2 nd S. 55. 45.)
The following note from Sir Walter Scott's
Dry den (vol. xi. p. 87.) will furnish your corre-
spondent with the information of which he is in
search :
" The portrait was copied from one in the possession of
Mr. Betterton, and afterwards in that of the Chandos
family. Twelve engravings were executed from this
painting, which, however, the ingenious Mr. Stevens
[Steevens?], and other commentators on Shakspeare,
pronounced a forgery. The copy presented by Kneller to
Dryden is in the collection of Earl Fitzwilliam at Went-
worth House ; and may claim that veneration, from
having been the object of our author's respect and en-
thusiasm, which has been denied to its original, as a
genuine portrait of Shakspeare. It is not, however, an
admitted point that the Chandos picture is a forgery:
the contrary has been keenly maintained ; and Mr.
Malone's opinion has given weight to those who have
espoused its defence." -
J. Y.
Crooked Naves (2 nd S. i. 432.) An instance
of a crooked choir occurs in Christ Church, Dub-
lin. The building takes a very decided bend to
the north. It is remarkable that the east window
of this cathedral is placed much nearer to one side
(the south, I think,) than the other. It looks as if
intended to compensate for the bend in the choir.
C. H. S. (Clk.)
"Swung," "Wong" " Wang" (2 nd S. i. 471.
522.) At Tickhill, co. York, are lands, all or
mostly meadow, called the North Wongs, South
Wongs, Saffron Wongs, and Church Wongs.
C. J.
NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.
" Southey's Letters show his true character," is the
motto, from one who knew him well, quoted on the title-
page of the Selections from Ihe Letters of Robert Southey,
of which the third and fourth volumes, edited by his son-
in-law, the Rev. John Wood Warter, are now before us.
We think this motto might be amended, and that to get
Southey's true character, we should have all his letters,
and not a selection, from which to form our judgment.
On the appearance of the former volumes we spoke
warmly in their favour ; and if our notice of those which
are now published is more tempered, it is because we feel
that justice to Sou they hjwself, asvreU as to. nianvpthers,
80
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2i g. N o 30., J ULY 2G. '56.
of whom, under the influence of supposed wrong, he writes
angrily, not to say unjustly, should have dictated many
omissions. There is no more delicate task than that of
selecting from the papers of those who have died full of
fame and honours those which may most fairly and
justly be given to the world. In his love and reverence
for the name of Robert Southey, and his belief that
Southey could do no wrong, his editor has not matle those
suppressions which we are sure Southey himself would
have insisted on. Such omissions would have added
greatly to the charm of a book which will still be read
with interest by all the admirers of the Laureate.
The new number of The Quarterly Review opens with a
well written article, on that historical and religious
mystery, Savonarola : this is followed by one on the new
volumes of Grote, which are highly praised by the writer ;
and a graphic and picturesque article on The Causes of
the Civil War, completes the list of historical papers.
The political articles treat on The Papal Government and
The Dispute with America; and the gossiping article,
always a good one in The Quarterly, is that entitled The
Police and the Thieves.
How much of'its present popularity Walton's Angler owes
to the piscatorial tendencies of our publishers is a pretty
matter for speculation. To that cause we are certainly
indebted for the beautiful editions of Bagster, John Major,
and Pickering ; and to this list we have now to add one
brought out by Bohn, of great beauty and marvellous
cheapness, iinder the editorship and supervision of Mr.
Jesse, but with large contributions from his own pen. When
we say that this edition contains upwards of two hundred
woodcuts, and six-and-twenty engravings on steel, our
readers will readily admit that this 7s. Gd. volume of
Bohn's Illustrated Library offers to eve lover of dear
ner, with proof impressions of plates of his father and
of the companion of his travels, Nicolas Revett.
BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES
WANTED TO PURCHASE.
POEMS. One copy of each of the different editions.
lowest
rice, carriage, free, to be
AND
old Izaak an opportunity of securing a handsome copy of
this quaint, delightful, and Avorld-renowned book.
Much as we prize Croker's Doswcll in one volume, a I
most useful, indeed, indispensable companion to the
writing table of all literary men, we are well pleased to
hear that a new edition of it, in four volumes, is pre-
paring for publication in Murray's Series of British
Classics. It will be a most valuable addition to this
cheap and handsome Series ; especially as the editor will
of course take advantage of all that has been lately pro-
duced upon the subject, to make it, not a mere reprint,
but a new edition.
We cannot resist calling the attention of the admirers
of the poet Cowper to the fact, that no less than forty-
four of his letters (twenty-one of which are unpublished)
are to be sold by Messrs. Puttick & Simpson in the Col-
lection of Autographs belonging to the late Mr. Lambe,
announced for sale by them next week.
Who has not heard of the celebrated ATHENIAN
STUART, perhaps better known to the last than to the
present generation ; but still revered by all true lovers of
the Fine Arts for the splendid work bearing his honoured
name The Antiquities of Athens. The notices of his
death in 1788 inform us, that the worthy artist and
architect survived but a short time the death of his dar-
ling boy, the "very image and superscription " of himself
both in body and mind, who manifested a most astonish-
ing turn for drawing even before he was three years of
age, and would imitate with pen and pencil everything
lying on his father's table. Another son Avas living at
the time of his death, "a fine boj'," then at Mr. Barney's
boarding-school at Hammersmith. Many an octogena-
rian will be glad to learn, that this "fine bov" (now
Lieut. James Stuart, R.N.), the worthy son of a worthy
father, might have been seen a few days since at the
Architectural Library in High Holborn, where he was
presented by Mr. John Weale, in a most handsome man-
Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct to
the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and ad-
dresses are given for that purpose :
HANNAMAN'S DICTIONARY OF MERCHANDISE. Johnston. 1799.
HARWJCK'S MARINE DICTIONARY.
CLARET'S FREEMASONRY.
Wanted by Thomas Milkird, Bookseller, 70. Newgate Street.
SONG op MARY THE MOTHER OP GOD.
LOK (Henry) [or Locke] ECCLESIASTES ; OTHERWISE CALLED THE PREACHER,
&c. Dilated into English Poesie. Whereunto are annexed sundrie
Sonnets of Christian Passions, &c. 4to. Lond., K. Field. 1597. (A
good price will be paid for this.)
WADSWORTH'* SPANISH PILGRIM ; OR A DISCOVERY OF SPANISH POPERY
AND JESUITICAL STRATAGEMS, &c. 4to. Lond., 1G30.
PITTS' (Moses) ACCOUNT OF ONE ANN JKFIKRIES, NOW LIVINO IN THB
COUNTY OF CORNWALL, WHO WAS FED FOR Six MONTHS BY A SMALL
SORT OP AIRY PEOPLE CALLED FAIRIBS. 12mo. 1696.
PRYSK LOVEDEN rersux RAYMOND BARKER, TRIAL. 8vo. (About) 1807.
VANELLA. By Vane. 4 to.
PARNALL'S POEMS. 12mo. Pickering's Edition.
GOLDSMITFI'S POEMS. 12mo. Pickering's Edition.
ULLATHORNE'S SERMONS. 8vo. 1842.
HOLLAND'S RECORDS OF THE PSALMISTS OF BRITAIN. 2 Vols. 8vo.
Wanted by John C. Ilotten, Bookseller, 101 n, Piccadilly, London.
ARCHBISHOP WHITGIFT'S WORKS. Vol. II. Published by the Parker
Society in 1852.
Wanted by Geo. W. Xapier, 11. Birchin Lane, Manchester.
ORIGINAL FAMILY SERMONS. Small 8vo. J. W. Parker. Vol. II. to
end.
JONOT'S (DUCHESS OF ABRANTES) COURT AND FAMILY OF NAPOLEON.
2 Vols. Svo. Portraits. Bentley.
MANZONI, PUOMESSI SPOSI. 2 Vols. Small 8vo. Baudry. 1831. Vol.1.
Sewed.
Wanted by Charles F. Blackburn, Bookseller, Leamington.
MRS. JAMESON'S CHARACTERISTICS OF WOMEN.
ANY ESSAYS OR CRITIQUES UPON SHAKSPEARF.'S HAMLET.
DUPORT'S ESSAIS LITTERAIRES SUR SHAKSPEARF. 2 Vols. Svo. Paris,
1828, or later.
Wanted by Z. A. If., Post Office, Dartmouth Row, Blackheath.
ta
J. II. P. will find much illustration of " God tempers the wind," <? c.,
which perhaps utct-x its popularity to Sterne's Sentimental Journey, in our
1st Series, Vol. i. and Vol. vii.
BEHM. will find A. E. B.'s article on the passage in Hamlet, " my
tables, mi/ tables meet it is I set it down" in our 5th Vol. p. 241.
Z. A. II. There, are no English translations ofTieck.'s Alt-Englisches
Theater inid Shakeperes Vorschule ; we have therefore, omitted them
from his list of looks. They arc themselves chiefly translations from the
English.
Answers to otlier Correspondents in our next.
INDEX TO THE FIRST SERIES. As this is now published, and the. im-
pression is a limited one, such of our readers as desire copies u-oidd do
veil l/> intimate their wish to their respective booksellers ir it/tout delai/.
Our publishers, MESSRS. BELL & DALDY, will forward copies b>j post on
receipt of a 1'ost Office Order for fire Shillings.
"NOTES AND QUERIES" is published at noon on Friday, so that the
(.am/try Jlooksi'Ui'rs man receive. Copies in that night's parcels, and
deliver them to their Subscribers on the Saturday.
" NOTES AND QUERIES " is also issued in Monthly Parts, for the con-
ri-iii, in; 1,1 t/inse ir/io may either have a difficulty in procuring the un-
*l<ni>l ;,/./?/ \ umbers, or prefer receiving it monthly. While parties
resident in the count)-;/ or abroad, who men/ be desirous of receiving the
a-:, 1:1 ii jYiim/icrs, mat/ have stamped copies forwarded direct from the
J'libhshcr. The subscription for the. stumped edition of " NOTES AND
QUERIES" (including a rcrif copious Index) is eleven shillings and four-
pence for six months, which mat/ be. paid by Post Office Order, drawn in
favour ofttie Publisher, MR. GEO'RGB BELL,' No. 186. Fleet Street.
d s. N 31., AUG. 2. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
81
LONDON, SATURDAY, AUGUST 2, 1856.
MEANS OP READING THE LOGIC OF ARISTOTLE.
Some years ago it would have been difficult to
find the Greek text of the Organon (as the mo-
derns call it) in a separate form. Beginners, who
have not acquired the profligate habits of book
collectors, would never think of buying the five
volumes of Buhle (Strasburg, 1791, &c., 8vo.), or
the four volumes of Bekker (Berlin, 1831, &c.,
4to.), or even the large single volume of Weise
(Leipsic, 1843, 4to.), for the Organon only. In
our day the best plan would be to get the first
volume of Didot's Aristotle (Paris, 1848, large
octavo), which is sold separately, and contains the
Organon, the Rhetoric, the Poetics, and the Po-
litics. The Latin runs by the side of the Greek,
and the type is beautiful. The greatest defect is
that the Rhetoric begins on the over leaf or verso,
as the learned say of the end of the Organon ;
so that any one who would like to have a separate
interleaved copy of the first, must spoil the se-
cond. It is a pity that publishers do not think of
such things. But it must be owned that it is not
uncommon to find a case the rhetoric of which
would never have a beginning if its logic were
but allowed to go on to its proper end.
For those who would rather not read the Or-
ganon in Greek or Latin, but would nevertheless
like to get a taste of the Greek, whether for use
or show, there is the small work of F. A. Trende-
lenberg, Elementa Logices Aristotelica, Berlin,
1842, 8vo., 2nd edition. This work contains (Gr.
Lat. with notes) such selected passages as give an
outline of the system, and especially of its phrase-
ology. These passages, translated into English,
form the article " Organon " in the Supplement of
the Penny Cyclopedia.
I am not aware of any Latin Organon, without
Greek, which can be easily got at. But never
having met with any Latin translations of Greek
philosophy which were intelligible without the
Greek to explain them, I should probably not
venture to recommend such a thing, if I had found
it.
In French there are two works of the highest
character : both by M. Barthelemy St. Hilaire.
The first, La Logique d'Aristote, Paris, 1838, two
vols. 8vo., containing a complete account and
analysis of the Organon, with all the Greek terms
added, as they occur, in parentheses. The second,
Logique d'Aristote, a complete translation, Paris,
1844, 1839, 1842, 1843, four vols. 8vo., with the
plan of each book prefixed. This is the first
French translation.
The first English translation of the Organon
was made by Thomas Taylor, called the Platonist,
a very remarkable man, of whom the fullest ac-
count is in the Penny Cyclopaedia. He spent his
life in reviving Greek philosophy, and it is said
that, by his enthusiasm, he induced patrons who
had money to print his translations to the amount
of ten thousand pounds. The Organon was trans-
lated by Taylor for a wealthy retired tradesman,
named Meredith, who had read Plato in Taylor's
translation, and desired to read Aristotle. Taylor
undertook the task, on condition that Meredith
should print it ; but the number of copies was very
small. It was published in quarto, in 1807, with
the title, The Organon, or Logical Treatises of
Aristotle . . . with copious Elucidations from
the Commentaries of Ammonius and Simplicius. I
suppose this very volume afterwards formed part
of Taylor's complete translation of Aristotle, pub-
lished in nine volumes quarto, in 1812.
Taylor's curious Platonism, and his desire to
revive even the very mythology of the Greeks, in
some sense or other, caused him to be regarded as
a kind of madman ; and this opinion has been pre-
judicial to a fair judgment of his works. His
translations are difficult, because they are so
Greek ; but they have a merit which begins to be
acknowledged. Mr. Owen, presently mentioned,
calls him " my solitary predecessor in this labo-
rious undertaking, whose strict integrity in en-
deavouring to give the meaning of the text de-
serves the highest commendation." But the work
is so very scarce that it is needless to discuss it as
a means by which any one who chooses may know
Aristotle. I suspect that what a distinguished
living writer said of Cousin, " The reader must be
mindful to judge of Plato by M. Cousin's trans-
lations of the dialogues, and not by M. Cousin's
prefaces to them," will also apply to Taylor.
Still, the opinion of the man who lived and moved
and had his being in Greek philosophy must
always be worthy of attention.
The second, and as yet the best, English trans-
lation of the Organon is published in Bohn's
Classical Library : The Organon, or Logical Trea-
tises of Aristotle, London, 1853, two vols. small
8vo., translated bjr the Rev. O. F. Owen. This
translation has copious notes, and is a very great
boon to the student. Not that it is easy : in fact,
a translation of Aristotle, to be easy, must be,
not Aristotle, but only a presentation of the trans-
lator's idea of Aristotle. Taylor and Owen do
not read like English, nor does Barthelemy St.
Hilaire read like French ; there is a certain
Greekishness about them all. Had it been other-
wise, we should have had less of a translation, and
more of a paraphrase.
A small, portion of the Organon, the " Posterior
Analytics," has been translated by E. Poste, A.M.,
of Oriel College, under the name of the Logic of
Science,. Oxford, 1850, 8vo., with notes and an
introductory sketch of the Organon. This is
more English, and therefore more intelligible, than
82
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd s. NO 31., AUG. 2. '56.
the other translations ; but it is therefore more of
a paraphrase, and less of a translation.
Perhaps others may be able to give information
of some things of the same kind with which I am
unacquainted. A. DE MORGAN.
ILLUSTRATIONS OF MACAULAY.
The Country Party and a Standing Army.
Mr. Macaulay, vol. ii. p. 23., represents the coun-
try party as strongly opposing the demand made
in the Speech from the Throne, Nov. 9, 1685, for
a supply to maintain a standing army.
u He tells us that Sir William Twysden, member
for the county of Kent, spoke on the same side
with great keenness and loud applause."
This Sir William was son and heir of the learned
Sir Roger, and was himself no mean scholar.
Among the papers from Roydon Hall, now in my
possession, is his autograph note of two speeches
which he made on this occasion. The first was in
the debate on 12th November, in a Committee of
the whole House to consider the Speech from the
Throne, as follows :
" The case seems to mee to bee of great weight ;
wee may call it what we will, it is the settling a
standing army by law, and charging the king-dome
with a taxe for the maintaining it, things quite
contrary to all the maximes our ancestors have
gone by, who have alwayes endeavoured the sub-
ject should stand in awe of officers of justice, but
not of officers of warr. I am as much as any man
for the king's having good guards ; I think it
agreeable to the majesty of a king, to the security
of bis person ; but I think the kingdome best
guarded by lawe. I remember in the one-and-
twentyeth of Edward the Third (Rot. Par., 21 E. 3.
n. 70.), the king asked advice of his parliament,
how the peace of his kingdome should best bee
kept ; they did not advise him to a standing army
for the keeping it ; they advised him to send com-
missioners into the several countyes to punish the
breakers of it. Wee are now in a perfaict quiet
peace ; all heads of party es and of factions taken of;
there seemes now to bee as little need of an army
as can bee at any time ; and truly, when it is not
wanted, I think the kingdome as safe without it
as it can bee by it. The truth is, armyes have so
often done more hurt to governments then good,
and do so generally, where they are, take a most
uncontrouleable authority in the managing of it,
that men are justly afraid of them. It is said the
case of the late Duke of Monmouth seemes to
shew the necessity of a standing army ; and it is
pressed, truely with great force, not onely by the
king in his speech, but by those noble lords there
at the barr. To my apprehension, the argument
will hardly beare the weight is layd on it. Wee
all know how much that man was the favourite of
a faction ; that hee landed in a part of England of
all other the most inclined to him. Yet, with all
this, no one gentleman, no one man of any quality,
joyned themselves to him ; nay, quite contrary,
did their duty in opposing him : and that rabble
that he had gathered together, though headed by
officers that himselfe brought with him, were in
plaine fighting beaten by eighteen hundred men.
Sir, if the consequence of this bee the necessity of
a standing army, it is a strange thing wee have
lived so long without one ; for most certain it is,
there have been very few raignes since the Con-
quest, in which there have not been more consider-
able disturbances than this can amount to. I will
not disturbe you long ; that therefore which I
shall humbly move is, that wee may first consider
whether a standing army bee necessary, before
wee do of a supply for the maintaining it."
" This was spoken by mee November 12,
1685, as neer as I can remember it."
The other speech was in a Committee of Supply,
16th Nov., as follows :
" It hath generally been the prudence of this
house, that in cases that are new and are of great
importance, to make their first acts temporary,
and of probation onely. This that is before us, is
perfaictly new. An establishment for the main-
taining a standing force (I do not say a standing
army, for that wee have all declared ourselves
against) is what our ancestors were never ac-
quainted with. Let us, therefore, see how the
subject will like it ; whether it will sitt easy upon
him, before wee conclude him for too long a time.
It is of mighty importance ; wee cannot foresee
the consequences of it. Let us not, therefore,
conclude ourselves neither, so as to leave no
roome for a succeeding parliament, or Sessions of
Parliament, to alter or amend what by experience
may bee found necessary. That, therefore, which
I shall humbly move is, that wee may proportion
our gift, so as that the establishment may not
exceed two yeers, which foure hundred thousand
pounds will fully do."
" This was spoken by mee November 16,
1685, as near as I can recollect it."
The substance of the first of these speeches is
given correctly (though condensed into eight
lines) in The several Debates of the House of
Commons, pro et contra, relating to the Establish-
ment of a Militia, fyc., 8fc.; begining 9th No-
vember, 1685, and ending the 20th day of the same
Month, Sec. fyc. Sfc. London. 8vo. 1689.
In the debate in the Committee of Supply, Nov.
16, Sir William's speech is in that work totally
misrepresented. L. B. L.
. NO 31., AUG. 2. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
83
M. DE CALONNE, " HIS ANGLO-FRENCH VIEWS, AND
EULOGIUM ON THE ENGLISH NATION."
The following article, which occurs in the
' Political Magazine, reports an interesting extract
from M. de Calonne's reply to M. Necker, the
French Minister of Finance. As the prayer of
1 an eminent statesman of the last century, it will
not perhaps be denied a little space in the columns
of "ST. &Q.":
" An Address to the English and French Nations.
u M. de Calonne, after saying that he wishes to be able
to preserve in future an eternal silence, and that he shall
wait tranquilly, and with resignation, the events which
fortune has in store for him, being desirous to devote his
| attention to science, to letters, and the arts ; and after
declaring that he shall never cease to remember the con-
fidence reposed in him by his king, or lose the regrets
which naturally belong to his native country, concludes
i as follows :
" Shall it be a crime, in the mean time, to enjoy the
consolation I feel in the reception of a nation, which
every day makes me experience its kindness, and more
acquainted with its virtues; of a free and considerate
nation, where their thoughts rise above conditions,
where disgrace is no stain, and where honourable senti-
j ments have more credit than an appearance of being in
favour. I am seen with indulgence, anticipated with
affability, and even treated with more distinction than I
desire. I find well-informed men of every description ;
i I may make useful observations on the arts, on industry,
and on commerce, which I can communicate again
without violating the laws of hospitality: I can even
I hope for true friends. Let this eulogium, frank as the
country is in which I write, occasion neither surprise nor
offence. Having never dissimulated, shall I now stifle a
i truth connected with gratitude ? This sentiment exists,
! and always will exist, without displacing from my bosom
those which my birth, my duty, and the indelible love of
1 my country, have engraved there. Why should not
these feelings sympathise? Oh! that their accord may
become more natural by the most desirable of unions : by
the accomplishment of that wish, which, according to
some historians, was formed by the most beloved monarch ;
that wish, which humanity dictates, and which an intel-
ligent policy seems equally to suggest to two nations, the
most worthy of each other's regard, and the least in-
terested to injure each other. Must a fatal rivalship
always disunite, and too often arm against each other,
two people, whose natural position offers no subject of
dispute ; and who, owing to their reciprocal advantages,
have nothing for which to envy each other ? As their
division is the support of the hostilities of others, their
alliance would be the seal of universal peace. They alone
are in a condition to furnish the expences of a long war ;
and when discord springs up, by the quarrels of the other
princes, they alone, if they are dupes enough to take
part, sacrifice commerce, treasure, and prosperity. O
nations, without contradiction the most enlightened of
all upon the globe, be better acquainted with your true
interests ! As enemies, you can only mutually exhaust
your strength, and vainly drench the earth with your
blood ; as friends, you can impose on the earth the mild con-
dition of general tranquillity. When can there be a more
favourable conjuncture for forming the hope of seeing
you partaking in, or rather exercising together, this truly
divine function, than when each has the happiness to be
governed by a moderate, pacific, and virtuous king? "
F. PHLLLOTT.
FOLK LORE.
Stag Beetle. The late Mr. George Samouelle,
of the British Museum, used to relate a story con-
cerning the above insect, of which I should like
to know if it obtains in many parts of England.
During one of his excursions to or in the New
Forest, he saw a number of countrymen assembled
at the foot of a tree stoning something to death.
On approaching he found a poor stag-beetle the
subject of attack. Causing them to desist, he
picked up the poor thing > and put it into a box,
asking at the same time why it was to be stoned
to death. He was told it was the devil's imp,
and was sent to do some evil to the corn, which
I have forgotten. Whether Mr. S. was considered
the identical gentleman-in-black or not it is im-
possible to say ; but I know he used to laugh at
the stupid staring wonder of the countrymen, and
the trouble he had to elicit a reply to his own
ignorance. AVON LEA.
Railway Custom. While passing from Ghent
to Antwerp, in 1855, through the Pays de Waes, I
observed a singular custom, of which I could not
obtain any explanation. When the railway train
was in motion, the labourers, both men and wo-
men, engaged in the fields, joined hands, formed
themselves in line ; and either turning their backs
on the carriages, or at right angles with them,
bent, and in some cases knelt down, preserving
this attitude until the. train had passed. It is
worth noting, that only such as were engaged on
a piece of ground where there were crops growing
acted in this way ; those standing ondie road, or
on ploughed land, taking no notice ofphe train at
all, nor indeed did any do so save while it was
actually moving. I have never seen or heard of
this custom elsewhere. R. F. L.
Dublin.
Fairies. While on the subject of folk-lore I
may mention the following from the same county
(Hertfordshire). Near St. Alban's (my grand-
father used to relate) lived a farmer who was
beloved by fairies. It mattered not how bad his
crop of wheat was in the autumn, he always had
corn in his barn as long as there was any in the
district. Of this his neighbours were jealous; in-
deed, so much so, that some of them inwardly
believed he augmented his corn while they were
asleep ; but though they often set a watch he was
never caught in the act. One night his dogs were
uneasy, and he, arising, saw a man creeping away
from the homestead. He peeped into his barn to
see if all were safe, when what should he behold
but the fairies at work augmenting his stores.
There was a loud buzz in the place, and hearing a
little fairy say to another, " How I do tweat ! "
he answered " Ye must sweat most darnably with
one ear." Immediately the whole company took
84
NOTES AND QUERIES.
O* S. NO 31., AUG. 2. '56.
flight, and the result was there was a line of straws
from the farmer's barn to one of his neighbour's,
which remained till the morning, when the neigh-
bour brought an accusation against the farmer for
theft. The evidence of the man who was lurking
about the homestead on his o^vn account was
brought against him ; the line of straws was cir-
cumstantial evidence, as well as the suspicion of
the neighbourhood ; but as the neighbour had had
a man watching in his own barn, who had not
seen the farmer enter, -he was acquitted. The
watchman of the neighbour had been sent to sleep
by the fairies, but this part of the evidence had
been withheld. However, from that day forth
the young farmer was thought not too honest, and
the neighbours' suspicions were confirmed by his
barn ever after becoming empty at its proper
period. AVON LEA.
BULL OF ADRIAN THE FOURTH.
Question as to the authenticity of the Bull of
Adrian IV. (Pope), conferring the dominion of
Ireland on Henry II. of England, from the Pro-
pugnaculum Catholicce Veritatis, by Anthony Bru-
odin, Prague, 1669, whose family were, the author
states, hereditary chronologers of the O'Briens of
Thomond. F.
" Authores varii dicunt, quod Adrianus 4 natione An-
glus, qui sedem Petri conscenderat Anno circa 1154 domi-
nium liegni Hibernia?, sedi Apostolicae a Rege Donate
6 Brien quondam oblatuni, cesserat Henrico 2 do Angloruin
Kegi.
" Hos sequitur Baronius Tom. 12. Annalium, ubi di-
ploma recitatHlujus concessionis.
" Ego (ut, quod sentio dicam) non parum de veritate
hujus Hiatoria? dubito; nam, vivente Adriano Papa
(qui obiit Anno salutis 1159 nee latum pedem in Hibernia
habuit Henricus 2 dus , aut alius ullus extraneus, pra?ter
Ostmannos : unde manifesto convicitur errore Sanderus in
Schismatc Anglicano, fol. 196., qui dicit, quod postquam
Henricus 2 dus nonnulla Insulo? loca sui, ac suorum (verba
sunt Sanderi) hoc est Roberti Fitz Stephani et Richardi
Comitis arrnis acquisita? tenebat, Clerus Hibernicus, simul
cum multis Proeeribus suppliciter rogarunt, Adrianuni 4
sumiuum Pontiiicem, ut ad tollendas sediLiones, Contro-
versias, et nuiltas alias inconvenientias, totius Hibernian
dominium Henrico 2 concedere vellet, &c. &c.
" Quis oro non videt, quam crasse Sanderus in hac nar-
ratioue erret. Adrianus Papa conscendit Petri Cathedram
Anno 1154, sed itque annis tantum 4 et mensibus 8 et
consequenter obiit Anno 1159 Kobertus autem Fitz Ste-
phan, cum Geraldino in Hiberniam primo venit in succur-
sum Dermitii Logenia? Principis circa Anno salutis 1172,
viginti nimirum duobus annis postquam Adrianus fuit
mortuus, quomodo ergo posset esse verum, quod ' Clerus,
et populus supplicarunt Adriano Pontifici, ut Regi Hen-
rico, postquam jam nonnulla loca in Insula occupavit,
dominium liegi concedere vellet?' Adde motiva conces-
sionis Dominii Hibernia;, in diplomats Adriani (si ipsius
esset) posita, nimirum luce: ut'lapsam fidem Catholicam
rcstauraret, virtutes plantaret, &c. esse falsa, et conse-
quenter ipsum diploma esse subrepticium et falsum : nam
fides Catholica in Hibernia floruit, vivente Adriano, tarn
bene ac in Anglia, vel Italia, ut patet ex uberrima ilia
sanctorum in Hibernia per tot continua sa?cula serie, ac
caanobiorurn, etiam illo ipso tempore quo Angli Regionem
subjugarunt, fundationibus : quomodo ergo per Anglos
fides esset restauranda ?
" Eodern argumento exploditur Sto, qui inter alia fig-
ment*, in sua Chronica dicit quod Adrianus Papa, Henrico
2 do anno primo sui Regni, hoc est Anno 1155, dominium
Regni Hiberniae donavit. Exploditur inquam, nam Papa
Adrianus fatiscessit antequam Henricus fuisset Rex,ut ex
utriusque vita? Historia colligitur: ergo non est verum
quod Henrico 2 do dominium Hiberniae cesserat. Ueinde
nullum jus habuit unquam Papa in Hiberniam quod non
habuit in Angliam, vel Franciam ; quomodo ergo potuis-
set transferre dominium rei non sua? in alium ? si dicas
quod a Rege Donato 6 Brien, jus simul cum Regni corona,
Roraanus acceperat Pontifex, nihil dicis pro te: nam non
habuit Donatus jus transferendi dominium Regni in Pa~
pam : et hoc hide patet quod post Donatum regnarunt
pacifice in Hibernia 4 Reges : sub quibus duo nobilissima
celebrata sunt Concilia Nationalia, et tamen illis regnan-
tibus, nunquam fuit auditum, quod Papa Romanus esset
Rex, aut Dominus Hibernia : quo dubio procul ipsius le-
gati et maxime Cardinalis Joannes Papironius, non sileret,
si de tali Domino aliquid scivisset.
"Concludo igitur primo Papam Adrianum nunquam
fuisse Dominum Hibernia;, magis quam Anglia?, et con-
sequenter nunquam cessisse dominium Hiberniae Regi
Anglia?. Secundo Henricum 2 um non fuisse Regem An-
glia?, aut saltern non fuisse possessionatum in Hibernia,
vivente Papa Adriano in Papatu ; et consequenter Hen-
ricum Regem nullum accepisse ab Adriano jus in Hiber-
niam. Tertio, Henricum devictis armis Hibernis, Anno
1172 Petri sedem regnante Alexandro 3 extorto consensu
omnium Regni Procerum obtinuisse dominium Hibernia?,
et sic, successu temporis, Reges Angliae in legitimos eva-
sisse Hibernia? Dominos: sicut defacto legitimi sunt Reges
(utinam et Catholici) ac Domini Hibernia?. Successores
etiam tot nobilium Familiarum, qua? illo regnante in Hi-
berniam venerunt veri sunt Hiberni et legitimi possessores
bonss fidei dominiorum qua? possident defacto (utinam
paterna possiderent omnia bona) quamvis antecessores
illorum tune nou justo magis titulo invaserunt Regnum
alienum, quam Milesiani quondam illud rapuerunt Dea-
dedinis."
Cap. 47. lib. 5.
PRETENDED DAUPHINS.
In N. & Q.," 1 st S. vi. 318., is inaccurate in-
formation relative to the man Naundorff, who
styled himself Duke of Normandy, and the dau-
phin son of Louis XVI. I knew him intimately
during several years, and studied thoroughly the
question of his pretensions. A full account of his
life and death is contained in a work entitled /w-
trigues Devoilees, par M. Gruau de la Barre,
three vols., Rotterdam, 1847-8. I have a copy
quite at the service of MR. W. H. HART, of
Hatcham, or any other of your correspondents.
Opposite facts will be found in M. de Beau-
chesne's Memoirs of the Dauphin Son of Louis
X VI., published in Paris three or four years ago,
and of which a translation lately appeared in
London. The soi-disant Baron de Eichemont
was a different pretender from Naundorff, with
whom you confound him in the reply to MR.
HART ; as is also the monomaniac Meeves, re-
2 nd S. N 31., AUG. 2. '56.1
NOTES AND QUERIES.
85
ferred to in "1ST. & Q.," 1 st S. iv. 195., who is stil
living.
The most noted pretender to be the dauphin
was one Hervagault, who died in prison under th
Consulate. Another, Mathurin Bruneau, appeared
shortly after the restoration of the Bourbons ir
1815. I have no doubt all were impostors, who
by making out specious cases obtained more or
less credence, and duped many honourable anc
well-meaning persons. Perkin Warbeck, the
false Don Sebastians of Portugal, Martin Guerre
and others, have had equal celebrity and success
at various times in history. A BOOKWORM
Handel out of tune ! Concordia discors.
" This celebrated composer, though of a very robust
and uncouth appearance, yet had such a remarkable irri-
tability of nerves, that he could not bear to hear the
tuning of instruments, and therefore this was always done
before Handel arrived. A musical wag, who knew how
to extract some mirth from his irascibility of temper, stole
into the orchestra on a night when the late Prince of
Wales * was to be present at the performance of a new
oratorio, and untuned all the instruments, some half a
note, others a whole note lower than the organ. As soon
as the prince arrived, Handel gave the signal of begin-
ning Con Spirito; but such was the horrible discord, that
the enraged musician started up from his seat, and having
overturned a double-bass which stood in his way, he seized
a kettle-drum, which he threw with such violence at the
head of the leader of the band, that he lost his full-
bottomed wig by the effort. Without waiting to replace
it, he advanced fearheaded to the front of the orchestra,
breathing vengeance, but so much choaked with passion,
that utterance was denied him. In this ridiculous ak-
titude he stood staring and stamping for some moments
amidst a convulsion of laughter; nor could he be pre-
vailed upon to resume his seat, till the prince went per-
sonally to appease his wrath, which he with great difficulty
accomplished." Political Magazine, 1786.
The first royal personage who ever succeeded
in composing Handel. F. PHILLOTT.
The Journal des Debats, M. Villemain, and M.
Querard. In the number of the Journal des
Debats for July 11, there is a review, by the cele-
brated Villemain, of Prince Albert de Broglie's
new publication L'Eglise et V Empire Romain au
4 eme Siecle. In mentioning some English authors
who have written on the truth of Christianity, M.
Villemain has fallen into an error in ascribing to
Lord Erskine a small volume on the Christian
Evidences by Mr. Thomas Erskine, an advocate
at Edinburgh. M. Villemain may have been led
into this mistake by the bibliographer Querard,
who in his otherwise valuable work, which is a
source of such frequent reference La France
LtUeraire kw classed all the French transla-
* Frederic, father of George III.
tions of Mr. Thomas Erskine's works under the
name of Lord Erskine. As M. Querard is con-
stantly anxious to profit by every hint for the
improvement of his most useful work, he probably
will not fail to free it from this blunder in any
subsequent edition. JOHN MACRAY.
Oxford.
Viners " Abridgment" The following extract
will probably both interest and amuse your
readers of the legal profession : it is from
i " Bibliotheca Legum : or a new and compleat List of
all the Common and Statute Law Books of this Realm,
and some others relating thereunto, from their first Pub-
lication to the Year 1746 ; giving an Account of their
several Editions, Dates, and Prices, and wherein they
differ. The Sixth Edition with Improvements, Com-
pil'd by John Worrall. Sm. 8vo. London, 1746.
" Viner's (Cha.) General Abridgment of Law and
Equity, beginning were Mr. D'Anver's Abridgment Ends,
viz. with letter F., title Factor, and goes to the End of
the Alphabet. 10 Vols. fo.
" As an Apology why I have not fix'd the Price, I beg
leave to acquaint the Reader that Mr. Viner prints his
Abridgment at his own Expence, at his dwelling House
at Aldershott, near Farnham in Hampshire, and sells
them at his Chambers in the King's Bench Walks, allow-
ing those Booksellers who sell his Books the Advantage
of bringing Customers to their Shop for their profit ; and
if a Bookseller is not pleased with this, he is thought an
Enemy to the Work, and may disoblige either his Cus-
tomer or Mr. Viner."
JAMES KNOWLES.
Now and Then. The following is a cutting
from a late number of the Birmingham Journal.
It (hapjply) reads in striking contrast to the re-
cent accounts of the execution of a poisoner :
" Execution of a Poisoner in 1765. Ivelchester, May 9,
1765. Yesterday, Mary Norwood, for poisoning her
husband, Joseph Norwood, of Uxbridge, in this county
(Somersetshire), was burnt here pursuant to her sentence.
She was brought out of the prison about three o'clock in
the afternoon, barefoot. She was covered with a tarred
:loth, made like a shift, a tarred bonnet on her head, and
her legs, feet, and arms had also tar on them. The heat
of the weather melting the tar on her bonnet it ran over
aer face, so that she made a most shocking appearance.
She was put on a hurdle, and drawn on a sledge to the
place of execution, which was very near the gallows.
After spending some time in prayer and singing a hymn,
;he executioner placed her on a tar barrel, about three
*eet high. A rope, which ran in a pulley through the
stake, was fixed about her neck, she herself placing it
iroperly with her hands. The rope being drawn ex-
;remely tight with the pulley, the tar barrel was pushed
away, and three irons were fastened round her body to
confine it to the stake, that it might not drop when the
rope should be burnt. As soon as this was done the fire
was kindled, but in all probability she was quite dead
Before the fire reached her, as the executioner pulled the
)ody several times whilst the irons were being fixed,
.vhich took about five minutes. There being a great
[uantity of tar, and the wood on the pile being quite dry,
he fire burnt with amazing fury ; notwithstanding which
great part of her could be plainly discerned for near half
in hour. Nothing could be more affecting than to be-
xold, after her bowels fell out, the fire flaming between
her ribs, and issuing out at her mouth, ears, eyeholes, &c.
NOTES AND QUEEIES.
[2nd s. KO 31., AUG. 2. '56.
In short, it was so terrible a sight that great numbers
turned their backs and screamed put, not being able to
look at the horrible seen* Birmingham Register, 1765."
G.
CUTHBERT BEDE, B.A.
" Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography,"
edited by William Smith, LL.D. As this work
will be the standard book of reference for ancient
geography, and it is to be expected that among
such a mass of information a few errors will
creep in, it is right for them to be corrected
when discovered. In the third section of the
article "Megara" (vol. ii. p. 313. col. 2.), where
the topography of the city and its port town is
described, the writer says (quoting fromPausanias,
Attica, 1. 41. sect. 4.), that there were temples of
*' Isis, Apollo Agraeus, and Artemis Agrotera ; "
clearly showing, both from the punctuation and
construction of the sentence, that there were
separate temples of Apollo Agraeus and Artemis
Agrotera. Now, if your readers will turn to the
passage in Pausanias, they will find that the ori-
ginal Greek is
Ou Troppw Se roO "YXAov /^.vijjaaTOS *I<rtSos vabs Kal nap avrov
eari Kal '
" And not far from the monument of Hyllus is a temple
of Isis, and beyond it one of Apollo and Artemis."
But the passage that more distinctly affirms that
there was but one temple, occurs at the end of the
section :
"Aia TauTa 'A.X.KaQovv TOV IleAoTros eTri^eipijcraJTa rip (hjptqi
icpar^crat re, Kal ios e0a.criA.ev ere, TO Jepbv Troojo-ai TOUTO, 'Aypo-
Tepav "Apre/aty Kal 'ATroAAwfa 'Aypaioi/ eTroyo/Aaaai/Ta."
" For this reason Alcathus the son of Pelopsiifcttacked
the wild beast and overcame it, and after he became king
founded this temple, dedicating it to Artemis Agrotera
and Apollo Agraeus."
From this passage there can be no doubt that
there was but one temple. TAU.
Receipt for Making one of the Fair Sex. The
following is taken from a MS. of the time of
Charles I. :
" Ingredients of a Woman. Joyn to a slender shape
a syren's head, the two eyes of a basilisk, the dazzling of
the sun, and the moon's inconstancy ; add to this odd
compound a smooth skin and a fair complexion, and you
will make a perfect woman."
Z. z.
Origin of the Epithet " Turncoat"
" This opprobrious term of turncoat took its rise from
one of the first dukes of Savoy, whose dominions lying
open to the incursions of the two contending houses of
Spain and France, he was obliged to temporize and fall
in with that power that was most likely to distress him,
according to the success of their arms against one another.
So being frequently obliged to change sides, he humor-
ously got a coat made that was blue on one side, and
white on the other, and might be indifferently worn
either side out. While on the Spanish interest he wore
the blue side out, and the white side was the badge for the
French. From hence he was called Emmanuel surnamed
the Turncoat, by way of distinguishing him from other
princes of the same name of that house." Scots Maga-
zine for Oct. 1747, p. 4778.
G. N.
LITTLE BURGUNDY.
We have in London, Little Britain, Petty
France, and Petty Wales, to which I can now add
Little Burgundy.
It was situate on the south side of St. Olave's,
now Tooley Street, opposite to the Bridge House,
now Cotton's Wharf, and between Glean Alley
and Joiner Street (on the old maps). The site is
now occupied by the London Bridge Railway
Station.
In the Accounts of the Churchwardens of the
parish of St. Olave, Southwark, A.D. 1582, there
is " a list, conteyning the names of those godley
disposed parishyoners, that of their owne free
will, were contrybutors to the erecting of the
New Chureyarde upon Horseydowne " (now called
"The Old Churchyard"). The names are ar-
ranged according to the residences of the sub-
scribers, and among the then names of places in
the parish, I find " The Borgyney," in the locality
I have mentioned.
I guessed that the Borgyney meant the Bur-
gundy, and I have recently confirmed that con-
jecture by the particulars for a grant by King
Henry VIII. to Robert Curson, in the thirty-
sixth year of his reign, of divers tenements (late
belonging to the Priory of St. Mary Overey)
situate in
" Petty Burgen, in the Parish of Saint Olave, in the
Borough of Southwark, viz. Two Tenements in tenure of
Lambert Deane, for a term of years, at the rent of Ixvj 8
viij d ; a tenement in the tenure of William Throw, at will
of the lord, rent xxvj 8 viij d ; a tenement in tenure of
Thomas Boland, at will of the lord, rent xxvj 8 viij d ; a
tenement in tenure of Dominick Hermon, at will of the
lord, rent xxiij 8 iiij d ; a tenement in tenure of Robert
Bull, at will of the lord, rent vj 9 viij d ; and seven cot-
tages in tenure of John Harward, at will of the lord, rent
xxx 8 viij d . The premises were very ruynous and sore in
decay, and were sold to Robert Curson for 100 marks."
I shall be very glad of information respecting
this place and its name of Petty Burgundy, which
must be attributed to an earlier period than that
of King Henry VIII., probably to the reign of
King Edward IV., when the Burgundian envoys
may have had their residence in this place.
In 1435 the Duke of Burgundy's heralds had
been treated with great indignity in London, and
lodged at a shoemaker's. Query where ?
G. R. C.
HAD QUEEN ANNE AN IRISH FOSTER-FATHER ?
In a voluminous manuscript pedigree of the
Blennerhassetts of the county of Kerry in Ireland,
2 nd S. NO 31., AUG. 2. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
87
compiled by a member of the family between
1720 and 1735, I find mention of " Edmond Fitz-
David Barry, of Rahaniskey in the ; county of
Corke, foster-father of the late Queen Anne."
The person referred to represented a once power-
ful branch of the Barry family in the county of
Cork, possessed of several strong castles, viz. Ro-
bertstown, Rahaniskey, Ballymore in the Great
Island, Ballydolohery,"&c., all of which, with the
fertile lands attached, were forfeited^ to the crown
in consequence of his adherence to King James II.,
and were sold by auction to various purchasers at
Chichester House in the year 1703 ; reserving a
jointure to " Susannah," wife of the forfeiting
person, in case she survived him, of 1501. per an-
num. His eldest brother was also an adherent
of the Stuart family, being described in King
Charles IL's letter as " Lieutenant Richard Barry
of Robertstown, who served in the regiment of our
Deare Brother the Duke of York in Flanders,
where he acquitted himself with much reputation
to himself and country, with constant loyalty and
faithfulness to us." Edmond, the person referred
to in the Blennerhassett manuscript, was the third
brother, but succeeded to his family estates on the
death of his elder brothers Richard and David
without issue; he had a younger brother John.
Although the public records contain much matter
relating to the history of this family for many
f2nerations, I have not been able to ascertain who
usannah, the supposed foster-mother of the
queen, was, whether English, Irish, or a foreigner.
The foregoing shows the connection with the
Stuarts, and although the allegations of the queen's
fosterage is only supported by Mr. Blennerhas-
sett's statement, which he makes apparently as
being within his own personal knowledge (which
it might well be, as he was an old man at the
time he compiled the pedigree), yet it deserves
some credence from the known respectability of
the writer. Perhaps the question with which I
have headed this paper may be an inducement to
some of your numerous readers to search for the
truth of a circumstance of historical interest never
alluded to, as far as I can ascertain, by any writer
of history. C. M. B.
Dublin.
Winter Assizes. Can any of your correspon-
dents oblige me by giving the date of a third or
winter assize being first appointed in England,
and whether there is an instance of the same
having been held on the Western Circuit? Mr.
James is a clever novelist, and his plots are ably
conceived ; but I consider him apt to commit mis-
takes in carrying out details. In his novel of
Delaware, for instance, be fixes a trial to take
place at Christmas in " the small neat country
(query county ?) town of" Dorchester ; for such
is evidently the place intended, being described
as near the western coast of England, and the
period is early in the present century, being prior
to the death of the Bow Street officer, Ruthven,
who is made an agent in the story, and who came,
as we all know, to an unfortunate end in the
Cato Street Conspiracy. N". L. T.
Shakspeare at Paddington. There is a tradi-
tion mentioned in Ollier's romance of Ferrers,
and by Mr. Robins in his Paddington, Past and
Present, p. 182., that our great poet visited or
played at the old Red Lion Inn, in the Edgeware
Road, near the Harrow Road, taken down a few
years since for the present one to be erected.
What is the real tradition, and its history, &c. ?
And is there any print of the old inn in existence ?
H. G. D.
" Alfred, or the Magic of Nature" Can any
of your readers inform me who is the author of
Alfred, or the Magic of Nature, a tragedy, pub-
lished at Edinburgh in 1820 ? R. J.
David Lindsay. Can you give me any in-
formation regarding David Lindsay, who was
author of Dramas of the Ancient World, published
at Edinburgh about 1822 ? I think one or two of
the dramas had previously appeared in Black-
wood's Magazine. R. J.
Lightning Conductors to Ships. When were
conductors first attached to the masts of vessels
to prevent them from being struck by lightning ?
L. C.
Figure of the Horse in Hieroglyphics. What
is the meaning of the figure of the horse in the
Egyptian hieroglyphics ? Amongst the number
of such hieroglyphics which cover, both internally
and externally, the sarcophagus of the queen of
Amasis II. in the British Museum, it occurs only
once; or perhaps I should say:, on examination
I could only find it once, either thereon or else-
where engraven. At all events, its rarity causes
it to be the subject of this inquiry.
R. W. HACKWOOD.
Poem about a Mummy. Can any correspon-
dent direct me where to look for some droll lines
which I remember to have read, in which a
mummy just unrolled gives the conceited nine-
teenth century an account "how much better
they did things " in his day ? A. A. D.
A Noble Cook.
Tis said, that by the death of a Scots nobleman, who
died lately a Roman Catholick priest, the title descends
to a man cook that lived with a general officer in Eng-
land, who, in regard to his cook's present dignity, could
not think of employing him any longer in that station,
but very generously raised a subscription for his support; \
88
NOTES AND QUERIES.
31., AUG. 2. '56,
and that on the affair being represented to his majesty,
he had ordered him a pension of 200*. per annum."-
Annual Register for 1761/p. 63.
Who is the " Scots nobleman" above referred
to ? C. J. DOUGLAS.
Olovensis, Bishoprick of . In the list of suf-
fra^an bishops contributed by ME. MACKENZIE
WALCOTT (" N. & Q.," 2 nd &. ii. 13.) occurs
below the date 1491,
" Richard, educated at Oxford, Dominican of Warwick,
died in 1502, buried in Blackfriars, Worcester. Bishop of
[Olevensis?] in Mauritania (Worcester)."
I have reason to believe this bishop's surname
was Wycherley. I once found in a patent ^ of
Henry VIII., which cited an inquisition referring
to transactions apparently of the year 1495 or
1496, casual mention of " Ricardus Wycherley
tune Episcopus ElenenT Either misreading the
title, or supposing it a slight clerical error, I took
him at the time to be Bishop of Ely ; but a re-
ference to Beatson's Political Index corrected my
mistake. A friend of mine looked up the inqui-
sition, and told me he found the name there
written " Clonensis." This sent me to Ireland,
where I hesitated between Cloyne and Clonmac-
noise, but could not find a resting-place in
either. I therefore again consulted the inquisi-
tion, and found the word to be " Olonensis " in
that document. I presume that " Olevensis "
was the proper title. Query, what is the name of
the place ? JAMES GAIRDNEB.
Johannes F. Crivellus.I should be very much
obliged, if you could inform me, whether anything
is known of Johannes Franciscus Crivellus, a
painter, about 1480, of considerable merit (some-
thing in the style of Perugino), corresponding, in
fact, with the account usually given of Carlo
Crivelli. Was Carlo this painter's real name, or
onlv, as is sometimes the case, a nickname ?
J. C. J.
Grain Crops. Can any of your readers supply
a copy of the pamphlet, published at York, up-
wards of fifty years ago, by John Tuke, a land
surveyor in extensive practice, and steward to
several estates of importance in that locality. Its
short title was, On the Advantages of cutting Grain
Crops early ; and Mr. Tuke's theory was, that
corn, after becoming ripe at the root, would ripen
in the ear to greater advantage being cut than
remaining on its root. This practice is partially
observed among farmers, but is not generally
adopted. One great benefit was, I remember,
that in case of rain the ear would be less liable
to sprout, while the process of ripening in the
evaporation of sap in the blade would go on
to better advantage both to the straw and the
berry. A notice of this subject might have its
utility at the present season. F. R. MAXOK.
Walpole, and Whittington and his Cat. In
Walpole's " Letter to Cole," dated Jan. 8, 1773,
in which he shows himself very angry with The
Society of Antiquaries, clearly for their publica-
tion, in the Archceologia, of Masters' Reply to his
Historic Doubts, he says : " for the Antiquarian
Society, I shall leave them in peace with Whit-
tington and his Cat." In a previous Letter, viz.
July 28, 1772, he had stated :
" I choose to be at liberty to say what I think of the
learned Society; and, therefore, I have taken leave of
them, having so good an occasion presented as their
council on Whittington and his Cat, and the ridicule
that Foote has thrown on them," &c.
To what paper or discussion on Whittington
and his Cat does Walpole allude ? W. W. (2.)
Special Service omitted from the Prayer Book
of the Church of England. When was the
"Service for the Twenty-third Day of October"
omitted from the (Irish) Prayer Book ? It was
appointed by Act of Parliament in the 14th &
15th year of King Charles II. (1662-63) ; and was
ordered to be retained by King George I., by a
warrant issued at St. James's Palace, Nov. 3, 1715.
In the list of special-service days for the month
of October, in Grierson's folio Prayer Book,
Dublin (1750), no mention is made of Oct. 23.
being a remarkable day, and yet this service is to
be found in that edition of the Prayer-Book. On
the accession of Her Majesty Queen Victoria, a
royal warrant was issued, dated June 21, 1837,
in which no mention is made of this special ser-
vice ; and yet, in the quarto Prayer-Book pub-
lished by Grierson (state printer), Dublin (1846),
a reference is made in the month of October to
the "Irish Rebellion" of 1641. ISTo special ser-
vice appears in this edition.
The rubric prefixed to the " Service for the
Fifth of November " orders that
" After Morning Prayer, or Preaching, upon the said
Fifth Day of November, the Minister of every Parish
shall read publicly, distinctly, and plainly, the Act of
Parliament made in the third year of King James the
First, for the observance of it."
The rubric preceding the office for the Twenty-
ninth day of May orders that
" The Act of Parliament made in the Twelfth, and con-
firmed in the Thirteenth year of King Charles the Second
for the observation of the 29th day of May, j'early, as a
day of public thanksgiving is to be read publicly in all
Churches at Morning Prayer, immediately after the
Nicene Creed, on the Lord's" Day next before every such
29th of May."
I have never heard these Acts of Parliament
read, although I have attended services on those
special days in every part of the United Kingdom.
JUVERNA, M.A.
Samuel Rolle, Fellow of Trinity College, Cam-
bridge. What can be ascertained of the history
si., AUG. 2. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
89
of Samuel Rolle, or Rolls, D.D., formerly Fellow
of Trinity College, Cambridge, a non-conformist
divine, who wrote, under the name of Philagathus,
A Sober Answer to Bishop Patrick's Friendly
Debate f Among other writings he is stated to
have taken part with some others in composing a
book entitled Physical Contemplations on Fire, de-
dicated to Dr. George Bate, in 1667. What is this
book, and who were the other authors ?
A. TAYLOR, M.A.
Quotation wanted : " Love and Sorrow." Where
can I find two stanzas, commencing with the
lines
" Love and sorrow twins were born,
On a shining, showery morn ? "
I fancy they are Blacklock's, but I have not this
author at hand. K. H. D.
Irish Tithes. Have the tithes in Ireland been
commuted similar to those in England ? and if so,
where will the commutation awards be found ?
SCRIPSIT.
Siege of Lille, A. D. 1708. Where can I find
an authentic list of the British officers in this siege,
and of those wounded ; or can any of your readers
refer me to any mention of the Hon. John Spencer,
or the Hon. John Duncombe, assisting at that
siege, in what capacity, and whether wounded ?
JAMES KNOWLES.
Deans, Canons, and Prebendaries of Cathedrals.
Will some kind reader of " N. & Q." point out
where the names of the various stalls, and their
emoluments, are to be found ? I have some recol-
lection of a parliamentary return stating these
facts, but cannot trace it in either of the three
Reports of the Cathedral Commissioners.
SCRIPSIT.
" Adding Sunshine to Daylight" Whose is
the phrase " Adding sunshine to daylight," to ex-
press the pleasures as distinguished from the
necessaries of life ? . X. H.
Rural Deaneries. Is there any parliamentary
or other authoritative book which will describe
the extent and jurisdiction of the various rural
deaneries ? SCRIPSIT.
Device of a Star (qy. Sun f) above a Crescent on
Ecclesiastical Seals. All seal collectors are aware
of the common occurrence of this device on early
ecclesiastical seals. Does it typify Christ (the sun),
and his church (the moon) dependent on him for
light. It would be well to obtain a list of all
examples ; and as a contribution I append :
.The ancient seal of the Dean and Chapter of
Waterford, of which the matrix is still in use.
The ancient seal of the Dean and Chapter of
Lichfield (Proceedings of the Suffolk Institute of
Archaeology, &c., vol. ii. p. 225).
The seal of the Dean and Chapter of Ossory
bears the crescent, but not the star (sun ?). The
ancient matrix is still in use.
1ST. B. The same device is well known as oc-
curring on some of the coins of King John.
JAMES GRAVES, Clerk.
Kilkenny.
Water-Spouts. Camoens in the 'fifth book of
the Lusiad has a graphic description of the forma-
tion and descent of a water-spout in the Indian
Ocean, which he closes with an exclamation of
surprise that the water which he had seen drawn
up salt from the ocean should, a few minutes after,
fall fresh from the cloud which attracted it:
" But say, ye sages, who can weigh the cause
And trace the secret springs of Nature's laAvs,
Say, -why the wave, of bitter brine ere while,
Should to the bosom of the deep recoil
Robbed of its salt, and from the cloud distill,
Sweet as the waters of 'the limpid rill."
Mickle's Transl
Will any of your correspondents who has tested
the phenomenon at sea, say whether this be cor-
rectly stated by the poet ?
J. EMERSON
Hieroglyphic Bible. I possess a small octavo
work, the title-page of which is as follows :
" A curious Hieroglyphick Bible, or Select Passages in
the Old and New Testaments, represented with Emble-
matical Figures, for the Amusement of Youth ; designed
chiefly to familiarize tender Age, in a pleasing and
diverting Manner, with early Ideas of the Holy Scrip-
tures. To which are subjoined, a short Account of the
Lives of the Evangelists, and other Pieces, illustrated
with Cuts. The Fourth Edition; with Additions, and
other great Improvements. Dublin: printed by B.
Dugdale, N 150, Capel Street. MDCCLXXXIX."
This work was published anonymously, and is
not mentioned by Home in his editions of the
Bible enumerated in his Introduction to the Cri-
tical Study and Knowledge of the Holy Scriptures.
What is known of its authorship ? EIN FRAGER.
iHfnar dlucrtc^ foftfj
Mrs. Siddons. In Tymm's Family Topo-
grapher (vol. iv. p. 292.) is the following passage :
" At Lower Swinford a thatched cottage is shown as
the birth-place of the actress Mrs. Siddons, who is said to
have made her ' very first' debut in a barn at Bell Lane,
at the coronation of George III."
This barn is still remaining ; it is situate at the
back of the Bell Inn, in the town of Stourbridge,
in the parish of Oldswinford, and county of Wor-
cester ; and, I believe, portions of the scenery
used on this and other occasions are still in exist-
ence. I must, however, confess myself ignorant
of the whereabouts of the thatched cottage men-
tioned in the quotation, and rather doubt the
90
NOTES AND QUERIES.
(_2nd g.
(j AUG. 2. '56.
truth of it. Can any correspondent tell me the
real place of her birtb ? C. J. DOUGLAS.
place was Brecon, or Brecknon, in South Wales. A friend
has obligingly written to me as follows, respecting the
house in which Mrs. Siddons was born : ' It is a public-
house in the high street of this town, which still retains
~its appellation, " The Shoulder of Mutton," though now
entirely altered from its pristine appearance. I send you
a drawing of the house [this is a wood engraving], not
as it is at present, but as I perfectly well remember seeing
it stand, with its gable front, projecting upper floors, and
a rich well-fed shoulder of mutton painted over the door,
offering an irresistible temptation to the sharpened appe-
tites of the Welsh farmers, who frequented the adjoining
market-place; especially as within doors the same, or
some similar object in a more substantial shape, was
always, at the accustomed hour, seen roasting at the
kitchen fire, on a spit turned by a dog in a wheel, the
invariable mode in all the Breconian kitchens. In addi-
tion to which noontide entertainment for country guests,
there was abundance of Welsh ale of the rarest quality ;
and, as the "Shoulder of Mutton" was situated in the
centre of Brecon, it was much resorted to by the neigh-
bouring inhabitants of the borough. If I am rightly in-
formed, old Kemble [Mrs. Siddons's father] was neither
an unwilling nor an unwelcome member of their jolly
associations.' "]
" Book of Knowledge." I have a small book in
three parts, of which the title-page is wanting.
The pages of the first part are headed, " The Book
of Knowledge ;" the second part is the " Husband-
man's Practise, or Prognostication for ever;" the
third part, " The Shepherd's Prognostication for
the Weather." The book is black-letter, and
printed for AV. Thackeray at "The Angel" in
Duck Lane, 1691. A small picture "by which
this book may be distinguished from some coun-
terfeit ' copies, 1 has the letters ' I. S.' " The con-
tents, as the title signifies, are most miscellaneous,
and extend from a notice of " good days for blood-
letting," an A. B. C. to know what planet every
man is born under, his fortunes and time of death,
to " ' Pithagoras' Wheele,' by which ye may know
most things that you can demand," and much
other useful information.
AVhat is the title of the book, and who was the
author ? CHARLES WYLIE.
[The first edition of this work, without date, was
printed by Robert Wyer, about 1 540. It is entitled " The
Boke of Knowledge of Thy nges Vnknowen apperteynynge
to Astronomye, with certayne necessarye Rules, and cer-
tayne Sphere contaynyng herein. Compyled by God-
f rid us super Palladium de Agricultura Anglicatum."
Colophon, " Imprynted by me Robert Wyer in S. Mar-
tyns Parysshe, besyde Charynge Crosse." " Prefixed is a
cut of an astronomer, half length, with four stars. On
the back of the title a cut of Ptholomeus and his wife,
and under it : " ^f This is vnknowen to many men, though
they be knowen to some men." Another edition appeared
in 1585, "Imprinted at London, in Fleete-streete, be-
neath the Oomluite, at the Signe of S. John Euangelist,
by M. lackson." This only extends as far as chap, xv.,
"The Change of Man twelve times, according to the
Months." Another edition enlarged appeared in 1688,
with the following title: "The Knowledge of Things
Unknown. Shewing the Effects of the Planets, and
other Astronomical Constellations. With the strange
Events that befal Men, Women, and Children born under
them. Compiled by Godfridus super Palladium de Agri-
cultura Anglicatum. Together with the Husband-Man's
Practice : or Prognostication for ever : as teacheth Albert,
Alkind, Haly, and Ptolomy. With the Shepherd's Prog-
nostication for the Weather, and Pythagoras his Wheel
of Fortune. Printed by J. M. for W. Thackeray, at the
Angel in Duck Lane." The cuts are the same as in
Wyer's edition. Our correspondent's copy of 1691 seems
to be a reprint of that of 1688.]
MUSICAL NOTATION.
On Music ; and suggestions for improvement in its symbols,
or nomenclature of sounds : to the end that there may be a
clearer demonstration of the ratios of sounds, and, by con-
sequence, a more extended knowledge of the fund us of this
art, that is the poetry or measured relation of its forms.
(Continued from p. 73.)
Mr. Frank Howard, in his Treatise on the Art
of Making a Picture, declares " there is no work,
elementary or scientific, which teaches the praxis
of pictorial effect, or that of making a picture."
As with painting, so it is with music : indeed,
Dr. Marx, the latest writer on the theory, assures
his readers there exists " no work on harmony or
thorough base that can possibly fulfil the promises
held out to the student in musical composition."
In this remark, Dr. Marx may include his own
work. There is at present no written law for the
composition of music, and composers have care-
fully eschewed talking or writing upon the sub-
ject. Haydn, who taught when in this country,
after giving a certain number of lessons, was in
the habit of dismissing the student in these
words : " I have taught you all the known rules :
there are others, but these I do not teach."
Mozart, when applied to by Weigl, a well-known
composer, to teach his mode of composing, replied
in the brief and decided sentence : " No : find
out, as I had to find out." On a recent occasion,
when visiting a musical friend, he produced rather
a long and ambitious composition, which, after
listening to, I remarked : " The first eight bars
are right, and the remainder all wrong." After
some pause, he said : " What makes you say the
first eight bars are right, and the others wrong ?
for I am certain there is not an error according
to Cherubini." " That may be," was my reply,
" but no man can write music from studying
Cherubini." After some time, he confessed the
first eight bars were borrowed from Beethoven ;
but he had so mystified the passage as to escape
recognition of the plagiary. I am certain no one
will ever write music by the aid of any work now
2 nd S. N 31., AUG. 2. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
91
before the public. The great theorists of the
present day are too wise to publish, and most of
them bind their pupils not to divulge their teach-
ing until after their deaths.
I have made the remark, that the pupil is
taught notes, not sounds. He is afterwards taught
scales or gamuts. The modern scales are the
standard, the natural, the transposed, the major,
the minor, the pathetic, the augmented, the chro-
matic, and the enharmonic. Should he desire to
go back some centuries, he must learn the dorian,
hypodorian, phrygian, hypop^hrygian, lydian, hypo-
lydian, mixolydian, hypomixolydian ; and if the
origin of these, he must study the tetrachords,
the tetrachordon-hypaton, meson, dies-eugmenon,
hyperboleon, proslambanomenos, hypate-hypaton,
par-hypate-hypaton ; together with the paranese,
and all other parts and portions of the Greek
scales. " The semitone makes music,'" was the
adage of the old composers ; and all this barbaric
jargon has been retained to mark the place of the
semitone in the scale. The knowledge of the
varieties and relations of the scale has had a slow,
but certain progress. The three principles which
govern musical composition, that is to say :
1. Sounds, which are the matter or subject,
2. Rhythms, which make figure or movement,
3. Heart (or spirit), which gives life, feeling,
and individuality,
are seen as strongly in the earliest music as in the
music of the present day. From these principles,
we have gained the music called the Gregorian, the
Glarean, the Alia Cappella, the Italian, Neapolitan,
French, German, Anglican, and all other national
schools. These schools represent certain states of
knowledge with respect to the analogies of sounds,
certain motions or figures governed by the then
prevailing state of language and the national
dance, and certain states of emotion or feeling
belonging to the master-spirits who were enabled
to leave such records in their compositions. Every
student in music should know every scale in
music that has existed, and that does exist ; but
in place of all this monstrous confusion of terms,
why not describe the semitone and its situation in
plain and unmistakeable language ?
We read of intervals as if they were sounds ;
whereas the interval is the distance or ratio be-
tween one sound and another. Again, chords are
called harmonies ; whereas harmonia is the pro-
portion between one chord and another chord.
A chord is not an analogy until it is placed by
the side of some other chord.
The student is taught the theory of dischords.
How few are there who know what takes place in
nature, when the so-called resolution of the
seventh is made ! In olden language, it is the
dislocation of the lychanos-meson (or meson-dia-
tonos) when conjoined with the proslambanomenos.
In these days it is the art of resolving the seventh.
Is not the one term quite as absurd as the other ?
How much could be gained if students were
taught, that having arrived at the two extremes
of the mean (G. C. F.), it is necessary to return
to the centre proportion, or to its equivalent?
The whole mystery of free sevenths, fettered
sevenths, and every other sort of seventh, then
becomes intelligible, and when the equivalents of
the centre are known, every possible remove is
laid bare and at instant command.
H. J. GAUNTLETT.
8. Powys Place, Queen Square.
(To be continued.)
SUFFRAGAN BISHOPS.
(2 nd S. ii. 1.)
I have extracted from The Wiltshire Institutions,
privately printed by Sir Thomas Phillipps in 1 825,
a list of preferments enjoyed in that county by
suffragan bishops, as follows :
" ' Robertus, Imelacensis Epus,' was instituted to the
vicarage of Littleton Drew in A.D. 1441.
"'Jacobus, Dei gratia Akardensis Episcopus,' was in-
stituted to the Rectory of Stockton in 1447 ; William My-
chell was instituted to the same benefice in 1454.
" * Simon, Connerensis Episcopus,' was instituted to the
Rectory of Paulsholt in 1459. ' Simon Conneren ' ex-
changed Pawlesholt with Roger Newton, for the Vicarage
of Aldeborne in 1462.
" ' Johannes, Tinensis Epus,' was instituted to the Rec-
tory of St. John's, Devizes, in 1479 ' per resig' Johannis,
Episcopi RoifenV St. John's was vacated in 1480 ' per
mort' Ven' Patris Johannis, Tinensis Episcopi,' who was
succeeded by Henry Boost, Provost of Eton College.
" ' Augustinus Church, Liden' Epus,' was instituted to
the Rectory of Boscombe in 1498. Boscombe was vacated
in 1499 ' per resig' Augustini, Lidensis Epi.'
" ' Joh nes , Mayonensis Epus,' was instituted to the Vi-
carage of Coseham in 1504.
" ' Ecc' Ebbysborn et Succentoria.' Francis May was
instituted in 1509 to these preferments 'per dim' Gul mi
Barton, facti Epi Salon'.'
" ' Johannes, Syenensis Epus,' was instituted to the
Vicarage of Inglesham in 1518. 'Johannes Pynriock,
Syenensis Episcopus ' resigned Inglesham in 1520. He
seems to have resigned the same benefice again, in the
year 1524, and to the same person. The first resignation
may not have been completed.
" The Rectory of Colern was vacated in 1526 ' per mort'
Johannis, Calipolens' Episcopi.'
" Thomas Morley was instituted to the Rectory of
Blounesdon, B. S. Andrea?, in 1487, and John Abendon
was instituted to the same benefice in 1489.
"'Thomas Morley, sedis Merlebergen' Episcopus suf-
fraganeus,' was instituted to the Vicarage of Bradford,
co. Wilts, and to the Rectory of Fittleton in 1540, both
void ' per attincturam Willielmi Byrde, de alta prodi-
tione ; ' which William ' Brydde ' had been presented to
Bradford in 1491 by the Abbess of Shaston, and to Fittle-
ton in 1511 by Sir Edward Darel. Fittleton was vacated
* per mortem Thomae Morley ' in 1554."
The last bishop in MB. WALCOTT'S list should
NOTES AND QUERIES.
3L, AUG. 2. '56.
have been printed " Eeginald Courtenay." He is,
I believe, second son pf the late Rt. Hon. Thomas
Peregrine Courtenaf , next brother to the present
Earl of Devon. PATONCE.
JACOB BEHMEN.
(2 nd S. i. 513.)
ANON'S note, with the word originals in Italics,
seems to imply that he charges Newton, Hahne-
niann, and others, with being indebted to Jacob
Behmen, without having had the candour to ac-
knowledge the fact; a very serious charge, which
induces me to mention, as an experience of my
own, that a theosopher will make such a charge
without knowing very much of the man impugned.
Some years ago, when beginning to study Beh-
men, I was told by an ardent theosopher (I
rather think ANON, himself) that Emanuel Swe*
denborg had been indebted to Behmen. I had read
much of Swedenborg, and besides the internal
evidence to the contrary, I knew that Sweden-
borg, in one of his letters, had expressly said (the
question having been asked) that he had not read
Jacob Behmen, for which he also gave a reason.
I naturally inquired of this gentleman, " What do
you know of Swedenborg ? " when he produced a
small volume called The Beauties of Swedenborg,
a most unhappy piece of garbling. This was all
he knew of the author of several works, in which,
as with Behmen also, the internal state of the author
is given by himself.
It struck me that this indisposition, in a theoso-
pher, to believe that another man, as well as his
special Master, might be original, in the proper
sense of the word, was highly unphilosophical, to
say nothing of the impropriety of lightly attributing
mean conduct to eminent men.
It would be easy to show that the very extraor-
dinary and profound writings of Jacob Behmen
would afford no countenance to this particular
shortcoming in his pupil. ALFRED KorrE.
Somers Town.
THE ARMS OF GLASGOW.
(2 nd S. ii. 13, 14.)
In the various remarks of correspondents on the
arms of Glasgow, they appear to have omitted the
motto surrounding them, which also betokens an
early ecclesiastical origin. So far as I am aware
there is no very ancient copy of it : the most au-
thoritative which I have seen is that used by
Robert Sanders, printer to the city and uni-
versity, anno 1675, reading "Lord, let Glasgow
Flourish through the Preaching of thy Word." At
what period it was clipped down to its present
unmeaning dimensions, " Let Glasgow Flourish,"
seems uncertain. In the "Dedication" of the
work of John MIJre in 1736 (Glasgow's first his-
torian) to the magistrates, " wishing them all hap-
piness and prosperity, and according to your own
motto, may ever flourish through the preaching of
God's word" it had likely then been considerably
tampered with, or only employed at full length on
state occasions. The piety of the sentiment, and
its continued appropriateness to Glasgow as a
city, ought to form a reason for the civic autho-
rities restoring it to its original.
Dr. Cleland, in the Annals of Glasgow, 1816,
vol. i. p. 42., says :
" The armorial bearing of the city is on a field parti, p.
fess argent and gules, an oak tree surmounted with a bird
in chief, a salmon with a gold stoned ring in its mouth in.
base, and on a branch on the sinister side a bell langued
or, all proper. . . . Prior to the Reformation St.
Mungo, or Kentigern, mitred, appeared on the dexter side
of the shield, which had two salmons for supporters."
Respecting obscure matters of- this kind there
will of course be always much to exercise the
fancy, and hence many theories to explain the
various insignia of the arms have from time to
time been published, leaving us in the same state
of conjecture. Dr. Main, an eminent professor of
physic in the University of Glasgow, who died in
1646, had his Latin verses, " Salmo maris," &c.,
Englished in rather a homely strain by J. B. in
1685, as follows :
" The salmon which is a fish of the sea,
The oak which springs from earth that loftie tree,
The bird on it which in the air doth flee,
O Glasgow does presage all things to thee
To which the sea, or air, or fertile earth,
Do either give their nourishment or birth ;
The bell that doth to public worship call
Sayes heaven will give most lasting things of all ;
The ring the token of the marriage is,
Of things in heaven and earth both thee to bless."
Similar are extant, from the learned professor
downwards to those of the schoolboy who usually
had at his finger ends a rhyme now nearly obso-
lete, and who cut the knot he could not untie :
" This is the tree that never grew,
This is the bird that never flew,
This is the bell that never rang,
This is the fish that never swam,
This is the drunken salmon."
Without pretending to be as skilly as those who
have tried their hand at interpretation, it has often
occurred to me that the different religious em-
blems, as in the bird, may have been intended to
figure the dove, or Holy Spirit ; or perhaps in re-
ference to the meeting at Glasgow of St. Mungo
with St. Columba the "Dove" the ring as re-
presenting the sacrament of marriage and the
episcopal see : and the bell, baptized and blessed,
to which the greatest sanctity was attached, as
typical of the cathedral. There was the fine local
situation of Glasgow, adorned by a magnificent
2 nd S. N 31., AUG. 2. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
93
river, abounding with fisheries, on whose banks
grew the spreading oaks and fertile orchards, all
of which objects, ecclesiastical and civil, came so
far to be interwoven in her arms, denoting the
importance of her status among the nations.
An excellent Gaelic scholar, now deceased, in-
formed me that the name Kentigern should be
rendered Ceantigh Tighearna, the head, or go-
vernor, or father, or chief, or ruler of the Lord's
House ; Columba, or Colum-cille, Colum of the
Cells, from his having founded so many churches
and monasteries ; Glasgow, Glas agus Dhu, grey
and black Glas's Dhu, grey and black Baile
Glas's Dhu, the town of grey and black (monks).
The most of her historians 'respectively consider
I the appellation as signifying a grey smith, from a
supposed well-qualified craftsman in iron having
taken up his abode in the place ; as a dark glen
in allusion to a deep mass of trees where the cell
of St. Kentigern stood ; and among the latest as
derived from glas (Brit.), meaning "green," and
coed, wood ; thus glas- coed, the green wood,
thought to be corroborated from the unquestion-
able early existence of a forest, subsequently de-
nominated the " bishop's." A brook in a deep
ravine at the east end of the cathedral, known as
the Molendinar Burn, still continues to flow, which
in the days of St. Mungo was no doubt covered
with woods, and which it is not improbable led
him to select the spot for a cathedral to plant the
Christian faith on the ruins of some Druidical
groves. G. N.
BEPRIEVE FOR NINETY-NINE YEARS.
(2 nd S. i. 465. 523.)
Your correspondent A. was misinformed as to
the officer alluded to having received the grace of
a suspension of his sentence of death " for ninety-
nine years." The facts of the case were as fol-
lows : Several depots of regiments serving on
the West Indian and North American stations
were quartered together in the spacious barracks
at Winchester in 1813. Amongst the officers
thus thrown into each others' society were Lieut.
*- Blundell, Lieut. Anthony Dillon, and En-
sign Daniel O'Brien, all of the late 101st, or Duke
of York's Irish Regiment (a corps of duellists) ;
and Ensigns Edward Maguire and James Peddie
Gilchrist, both of the late 6th West India Regi-
ment. Between Lieut. Blundell and Ensign
Maguire a trivial difference arose, which was
fomented into a quarrel by Lieut. Dillon and En-
signs Gilchrist and O'Brien; until a fatal duel
was fought July 9, 1813, in which Lieut. Blundell
lost his life. Lieut. Dillon, Ensigns Gilchrist,
Maguire, and O'Brien were tried by civil law at
Winchester, were found guilty of murder, and
were sentenced to death, whereupon a royal par-
don was granted to them by the Prince Regent ;
mark, not a respite, or even a reprieve substi-
tuting " transportation" for " death" as a punish-
ment, but a free and unconditional pardon. The
four officers were removed from the service on
Sept. 8, 1813, without the formality of a court
martial. Mr. Gilchrist was only two months an
ensign at the time of this unfortunate duel, and
there may have been extenuating circumstances
in his case : for he was appointed ensign, 67th
Regiment, without purchase, in November 1820 ;
was transferred to a veteran battalion in February
1821, and thence, in June following, to 60th regi-
ment; from which he was placed on half-pay in
August, by the reduction of several junior officers
in each rank. He was appointed in January
1831 to 86th regiment, and obtained about the
same time the situation of Garrison Quarter-
master at Gibraltar, which he retained until June
1834, when he was ordered to join the depot at
home ; he was promoted lieutenant in October
1834, and joined the regiment at Demerara in
summer 1835. The regiment returned home in
May 1837, and Lieut. Gilchrist was re-appointed
in June 1837 Garrison Quartermaster at Gibral-
tar ; which situation he again held until April
1841, when he retired on half-pay, and resigned
his staff appointment. He died on Christmas
Eve, 1849. G. L. S.
Conservative Club.
EATON S SERMON.
(2 nd S. i. 516.)
MR. ASPLAND states truly that the name of
Samuel Eaton is not mentioned "in Hanbury's
three bulky volumes of Historical Memorials re-
lating to the Independents ; " and he is solicitous to
obtain references illustrative of Eaton's life and
writings. That I was not ignorant respecting
Eaton's character and writings when I " professed
to write the history of Independency in England
and its literature," MR. ASPLAND may see in the
subjoined extract from my Historical Research
concerning the most ancient Congregational Church
in England, 1820, 8vo., pp. 54. :
"That the claim of Mr. Jacob's church to priority has
been questioned, is evident from what is said in Edwards's
Gangrcena, pt. iii. 1646 ; but, as will presently appear, that
writer is not sufficient authority. He says, in p. 164.,
' There is a godly minister of Cheshire, who was lately in
London, that related with a great deal of confidence the
following story, as a most certain truth known to many
of that county; that this last summer, the church of
Duckingfield (of which Master Eaton and Master Taylor
are pastor and teacher) being met in their chapel, to the
performing of their worship and service, as Master Eaton
was preaching, there was heard the perfect sound as of a
man beating a march on a drum,' . . . 'insomuch
that it terrified Master Eaton and the people, caused him
to give over preaching/ &c. And he adds, in p. 165.,
94
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd s. N 31., AUG. 2. '56.
4 This church of Duckingfield is the first Independent
church, visible and franed, that was set up in England,
being before the Apologists came from Holland, and so
before their setting up their churches here in London.'
That Edwards's account is not quite correct, the follow-
ing titles of works will show : A. Defence of sundry Po-
sitions and Scriptures, alledqed tojustifie the Congregationall-
way, by Samuel Eaton, 'Teacher, and Timothy Taylor,
Pastor, of the Church in Duckenfield, in Cheshire, 1645,
4to. ; The Defence of sundry Positions and Scriptures for
the Congregational-way justified, by Sam. Eaton and Tim.
Taylor, 1646, 4to. In Calamy's Nonconformists' Memorial,
Palmer's ed. 1775, vol. ii. p. 91., under the head 'Ducken-
field, Lancashire,' is an account of Mr. Samuel Eaton ;
whence we find, that having been puritanically educated,
he dissented in some particulars from the Church of
England, and withdrew to New England [in 1637] ; but
returned and gathered a congregational church at Duck-
enfield. He died Jan. 9, 1664, aged sixty-eight. This
account completely confutes Edwards's, for at the time Mr.
Jacob instituted his church, Mr. Eaton was but twenty
years old ! " Hist. Res., p. 6.
BENJAMIN HANBUBY.
Gloucester Villas, Brixton.
COMMON-PLACE BOOKS (1 st S. xii. 366. 478. ; 2 nd
S. i. 486., ii. 38.) : MOTTO TOR INDEX (2 nd S. i.
413. 481.)
To convince your correspondent F. C. H. that
the method he describes of a common- place book,
dividing the page into compartments, A, E, i, o, u,
Y, and facilitating the use of Locke's New Method
of a Common-Place Book and Numerical Index,
was adopted at the period I have mentioned, viz.
1792, the only difference being the omission of
the vowel Y, I beg to furnish a specimen from the
work before referred to, Asiatic Researches, vol. iii.
p. 249. et seq., from which he will see that although
he did not refer to any of the works which I men-
tion, he described a plan precisely the same, and
which was consequently not, as he supposes, new
forty years ago.
A
Fol.
E
Fol.
I
Fol.
O
Fol.
U
Fol.
Arabia
256
Ahremen
256
Ahilya
255
Afoca
251
Aguru
256
The words Arabia, &c., are given by way of
example.
Common-Place Book, 256. :
" Arabia : In this celebrated peninsula the richest and
most beautiful of languages was brought to per-
fection : the Arabick dictionary by Golius is the most
elegant, the most convenient, and, in one word, the
best, that was ever compiled in any language."
The directions and explanation of the superior ad-
vantages of this new method occupy four pages.
Perhaps MR. CHADWICK will not be dissatisfied
with the trite motto, " Festina Lente," for his
Index. In the Golden Remains of the " ever me-
morable" Hales of Eton, London, 1688, he thus
exhibits the progressive unity of an index, which
methodically arranges excerptions though thrown
together " in most admired disorder : "
" In your reading excerpe, and note in your books such
things as you like, going on continually without any re-
spect unto order ; and for the avoiding of confusion it
shall be very profitable to allot some time to the reading
again of your own notes, which do as much and as oft as
you can. For by this means your notes shall be better
fixt in your memory, and your memory will easily supply
you with things of the like nature, if by chance you have
dispersedly noted them, that so you may bring them to-
gether by marginal references. But because your notes
in time must needs arise in some bulk, that it may be too
freat a task, and too great loss of time to review them,
o thus : cause a large index to be fram'd according to
alphabetical order, and register in it your heads, as they
shall offer themselves in the course of your reading, every
head under his proper letter. For thus though your notes
lie confused in your papers, yet are they digested in your
index, and to draw them together when you are to make
use of them will be nothing so great pains as it would be
to have ranged them under their several heads at their
first gathering. A little experience of this course will
show you the profit of it, especially if you did compare it
with some others that are in use." Page 234.
BlBLIOTHECAR. CHETHAM.
PUNISHMENT FOR REFUSING TO PLEAD.
(2 nd S. i. 411.)
The punishment of death was formerly most
barbarously inflicted upon persons who refused to
plead to an indictment preferred against them.
I am enabled to give you the exact terms of the
sentence. The prisoner being called upon to
plead, and remaining mute, the judgment or-
dained by law was as follows :
"That the prisoner shall be sent to the prison from
whence he came, and put into a mean room, stopped from
the light, and shall be laid on the bare ground, without
any litter, straw, or other covering, and without any gar-
ment about him (except something to hide his privy
members). He shall lie upon his back, his head shall be
covered, but his feet shall be bare. One of his arms shall
be drawn by a cord to one side of the room, and the other
arm to the other side, and his legs shall be served in like
manner. Then there shall be laid upon his body as much
iron or stone as he can bear, and more. And the first day
after he shall have three morsels of barley bread, without
any drink ; and the second day he shall be allowed to
drink as much as he can at three times of the water that
is next the pi'ison door, except running water, without
any bread; and this shall be his diet till he dies. And
he against whom this judgment shall be given forfeits
his goods to the king."
This sentence once pronounced, it remained at
the discretion of the court to allow the prisoner to
return and plead if he desired. By an act passed
in 1772 this statute was repealed, and persons re-
fusing to plead were deemed guilty as if tried by
2 nd S. NO 31., Aua. 2. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
95
a jury. This was called at the time a merciful
alteration : but the present law on this subject is
much more in accordance with the spirit of justice
and humanity ; for if a prisoner refuses to plead,
he is tried as he would be had he pleaded " not
guilty " to the charge. The old law of pressing to
death never became obsolete, but was enforced
almost up to the very year of its repeal.
JOHN BAWTREE HARVEY.
Colchester.
MR. BATHURST'S DISAPPEARANCE.
(2 nd S. ii. 48.)
The following account is from the Biographic
Universelle, Ancienne et Moderne, Supplement,
tome 57 feme , Paris, 1834 :
"BATHURST (Lord Benjamin?), ne en 1784 & Londres,
d'une famille illustre (voy. BATHURST, iii. 516.), re$ut
une brillante education, et'fut des sa jeuhesse destine a la
diplomatic. Une mission lui ayant ete confiee aupres de
la Cour de Vienne, en 1809, il revenait de cette capitale
avec des de'peches d'une grande importance, lorsqu'il dis-
parut tout & coup, a son passage pres de Hambourg, an
moment ou il allait s'embarquer pour 1'Angleterre. Tout
annonce qu'il fut assassine par suite d'un crime k peu
pres semblable a celui dont le Major Sinclair avait e'te'
victime. On ne trouva d'autres traces de sa disparution
?'une partie de ses vetements restee sur les bords de
Elbe. Cette perte causa en Angleterre de tres-vifs re-
grets, et Ton & fait long-temps d'inutiles recherches pour
connaitre les auteurs du crime. Lorsqu'en 1815 1'ex-
ministre de la police iniperiale, Savary, tomba dans les
mains des Anglais, il lui fut addresse sur cette evenement,
par le ministre Bathurst, beaucoup de questions qui
n'eurent point de re'sultat."
From this it would appear that nothing certain,
up to 1834, had been ascertained on this distress-
ing subject. The Major Sinclair alluded to in
the above extract was an officer in the Swedish
service, who had been sent, in 1739, to negociate
a treaty at Constantinople, and was assassinated
on his return, near Naumburgh, in Silesia. The
Biog. Univ. (tome 42.) says that the evident ob-
ject of this crime was to obtain possession of his
dispatches, the secret of which could only interest
Russia. J. MACRAY.
Oxford.
Nothing certain is known of Mr. Bathurst's fate.
In the life of his father, the late Bishop of Nor-
wich, by Mrs. Thistelthwaite, any person inter-
ested in this strange story may see all that is
known. His eldest daughter was drowned in the
Tiber, the other is living. Mrs. Bathurst was a
sister of Sir W. P. Call, Bart., and a cousin of my
mother's. She died at an advanced age, in Italy,
about a year since.
Would A BOOKWORM be so kind as to let me
see Mrs. Bathurst's MS. journal ?
A. HOLT WHITE.
Southend, Essex.
I think your correspondent A BOOKWORM is
under a mistake in saying Mrs. Benjamin Bathurst
was a sister of Sir G. P. Call's ; she was sister to
Lord Aylmer. Her surviving daughter is Dow-
ager Countess of Castle Stuart. BOOKWORM
would find the information he seeks in the Life of
Bishop Bathurst, written by his son the late Arch-
deacon Bathurst.
A READER OF " NOTES AND QUERIES " FROM
ITS COMMENCEMENT.
SONGS ON TOBACCO.
(2 nd S. i. 182. 258.)
I have a version of the old song " Think of that,
when you smoke tobacco," differing in words
from the versions inserted in "N. & Q.," but
similar in sentiment and metre, for which reason
I shall not ask you to insert it. I send, however,
one which is headed "'a translation " in my note-
book, and which differs in metre from those that
have been embalmed in the classic pages of your
invaluable journal.
" The leaves of tobacco which come from afar,
For better or worse to the smoker,
Their colour so green in the morn seems to be,
In the evening they 're livid they wither ;
This constantly shews to us pilgrims on earth
That we are but strangers on this stage, from birth,
In worldly enjoyments there 's always a dearth ;
These morals at once touch the smoker.
" The pipe, through this habit, it blackens in time,
The ashes and smoke make it blacken ;
Before it be cleansed, or whiten'd, 'tis put
In the fire, when it turns to its colour.
So we are, all of us, without and within,
Uncleanly and full of dire hatred and sin,
Before he is purified, grace must begin
To work on the mind of the smoker.
" The white chalky pipe has the colour of them
Whom we call our fair maidens and beauties ;
When once it is broken, it is put aside,
And wholly dispensed with its uses ;
And thus we are, all of us, seemingly strong,
But a light stroke of Fate may cast us along
The stream of adversity both th' old and the young
Should muse as the smoke them infuses.
" The ashes or dross in the pipe they remain,
It must be remember'd with wonder ;
But the smoke it ascends to the regions above,
Most surely, as on it we ponder :
From this earth to that earth we soon must return,
From ashes to ashes though the thought we may
spurn ;
Our life it decays, as tobacco doth burn,
Consider thy exit, then, Smoker."
JUVERNA, M.A.
Pemb. Coll., Oxon.
Your correspondent DR. RIMBAULT remarks on
the old phrase, " drinking tobacco." May I add a
parallel case of the natives of India, who call it
96
NOTES AND QUEETES.
O* S. NO 31., AUG. 2. '56.
" hooka peue," to drink the hooka ; and who like-
wise swallow the smoke, and breathe it out
through the nostrils. E. E. BYNG.
to
Portraits of Surift (2 nd S. ii. 21.) I am not able
to say (writing from the country) whether, as
G. N. states, Faulkner (not Faulkener) printed
an edition of Swift in 1734 ; but I have his edi-
tion of 1735, which makes no allusion to a former
edition. My edition contains, in the 4th volume,
the print that G. N. seems to allude to, but it
differs from his description : first, in having Vert
for Vertue, the engraver's name ; and secondly, in
being, in my opinion, a very poor performance,
and a peculiarly bad likeness of Swift, which is
the more apparent because the first volume has an
admirable portrait of the Dean engraved by " G.
Vertue," and in his very best style. If G. N. be
accurate in his statements, I would guess that
Faulkner published his first volumes in 1734,
without Vertue's fine portrait, and republished
them in 1735 with that plate and a new date.
The plate in the 4th volume, described by G. N.,
and marked in my copy as by " Vert," was, I am
satisfied, not by Vertue ; but by some very in-
ferior artist, who was not impudent enough to
give Vertue's name at full length. C.
" God save the King" (2 nd S. ii. 60.) A. A. D.
has been misinformed. No doubt can exist that
Dr. John Bull was the composer of this tune. It
stands in the volume of MS. music by Bull,
formerly the property of Dr. Pepusch, now of
Mr. Richard Clark. Mr. William Chappeli is not
a professional musician ; and his statements upon
music, as abstract music, should be received only
so far as supported by the strongest evidence.
Even musicians have made great mistakes in the
origin and chronology of melody. Dr. Crotch,
who chose to fix upon one chronological date as
the rise of pure church-music, and another chro-
nological date as the period of its decline, has
made a ludicrous mistake in exemplifying his un-
tenable theory. As an example of the church
school in its perfection, he quotes a chant in
D minor, imagining it was the composition of
Thomas Moiiey of 1585, whereas it was made by
William Morley of 1740, a period in which, ac-
cording to Dr. Crotch's notion, all true church-
music was defunct. H, J. GAUNTLETT.
Approach of Vessels (2 nd S. i. 315. 418.) In the
Nautical Magazine for March, 1834, will be found
a very interesting account of Nauscopie, or the
art of ascertaining the approach of vessels at a
great distance, by M. Bottineau. He says :
" This knowledge neither results from the undulation
of the waves, nor from quick sight, nor from a particular
sensation; but simply from observing the horizon, which
bears upon it certain signs indicative of the approach of
vessels or land. When a vessel approaches land, or
another vessel, a meteor appears in the atmosphere of a
particular nature, visible to every eye, without any difficult
effort : it is not by the effect of a fortuitous occurrence
that this meteor makes its appearance under such cir-
cumstances ; it is, on the contrary, the necessary result of
one vessel towards another or towards land."
R. THORBURN.
Bottineau is the name of the person who prac-
tised the very curious art of foretelling the ap-
proach of vessels to land. He held a situation
under the French government, in the Mauritius,
towards the end of the last century, and appears
to have made repeated and vain efforts to gain the
patronage of his native government for his art,
but having failed to sell it to advantage, permitted
it to expire with him. He died in obscurity about
the time of the Revolution ; and it does not appear
that any offer of his services was ever made by
him to the English government, or that he derived
any pension from it. The Nautical Magazine for
March, 1834, contains a series of documents re-
specting this strange art; and in No. 115. of the
first series of Chambers' s Journal will be found an
interesting paper upon the subject, under the
fanciful title of " Nautical Second- Sight."
WILLIAM BLOOD.
Dublin.
Lines on Warburton (2 nd S. ii. 22.) If S. W.
will refer to Churchill's Works, vol. ii. pp. 43, 44.,
1844, edited by W. Tooke, he will find the verses
on Warburton he quotes, as written by S. Rogers
in Johnson's Table- Talk :
" The first entitled to the place
Of Honour both by gown and grace,
Who never let occasion slip
To take right hand of fellowship ;
And was so proud, that should he meet
The Twelve Apostles in the street,
He'd turn his nose up at them all,
And shove his Saviour from the wall."
Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, and D 'Israeli's
Quarrels of Authors, and the notes of Mr. Tooke,
may be usefully consulted in relation to Warbur-
ton and Churchill's satire.
A good life of Warburton, embracing the lite-
rary history of the period, in relation to him and
to his immediate contemporaries, is much to be
desired. SPENCER HALL.
Rawson (2 nd S. i. 452.) G. R. C. will see a
pedigree of Rawson, of Bessacarr, in par. Cantley,
co. York, stated to be descended from the Raw-
sons of Frystone, in Hunter's South Yo?*kshire
(vol. i. p. 85.). Also, at p. 321. of the same work,
another Rawson of Pickburn, or Pigburn, in par.
Brodsworth. Accounts of other families of the
same name are to be found in Hunter's Hallam-
shire (pp. 224. 267.) C. J.
2 nd S. N 31., AUG. 2. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
97
Allow (2 nd S. ii. 10.) The meaning of this
word in the Baptismal Service most likely will
be the meaning usually attached to it by the
writers of the age in which the service was drawn
up. In the English version of the New Testa-
ment the word occurs five times, to express what
in the original are four different words :
Luke xi. 48. er
Acts xxiv. 15.
Rom. vii. 15. y
Eom. xiv. 22.
, ; also 1 Thess. ii. 4.
In this last sense of " approving after trial," it
is used in the Prayer-Book version of Psalm xi.
6., where the authorised version has " trieth," and
the original |niP ; but the most usual meaning
seems to have been " approve, be well pleased
with, take pleasure in." Cf. King Lear, Act III.
So. 4. :
" If your sweet sway
Allow obedience."
There seems to be no objection to this meaning
in the passage referred to by E. G. R. ; for though
your pages are not the place to discuss the ques-
tion of infant baptism, I think that God nowhere
expressly commands it, though the Church in her
27th Article says it " is in anywise to be retained,
. as most agreeable with the institution of Christ," a
phrase which seems exactly to correspond to the
" favourably alloweth " of the Baptismal Service.
J. EASTWOOD, M.A.
Ecldngton.
e Calvary (2 nd S. i. 374. 440. ; ii. 34.) Without
disputing the statement in Hebrews xiii. 12., or
the interpretation put upon it, I must call atten-
tion to the reading of John xix. 20., which, on
the authority of the best MSS., declares that " the
part of the city where Jesus was crucified was
nigh." "'E77US 1\v 6 r6iros rijs 7rJA.es, forou <rrav-
pd>9r] 6 'ITJO-OUS." This is the adopted reading of
Scholz and Tischendorff. Consequently Golgotha
or Calvary was within, and not without the city.
The present walls of Jerusalem were erected A.D.
1542 ; the previous walls, extending farther to
the north than these, were erected under Clau-
dius, forty-one years after Christ (Joseph. War,
v. 4. 2. Comp. Tacit. Hist., v. 12.). But in the
time of Christ there were two walls (neither coin-
ciding with the above). Of the outer one Scholz
found traces; the inner one probably excluded
Calvary, which, if situated betwixt these two
walls, was not only, according to St. John, " part
of the city," but also " without the gate," accord-
ing to the Epistle to the Hebrews, which, how-
ever, does not say it was without the gate of the
'city, but might, for the allegorical purpose of the
writer^ be without the gate of the Temple ("Tern-
plum in modum arcis propriique muri," Tacit.
* C T. J. BUCKTON.
Lichfield.
The House of Brunswich and the Casting Vote
(2 nd S. ii. 44.). Sir Arthur Owen, Bart., of
Orielton, in the county of Pembroke, is the in-
dividual who is asserted to have given the casting
vote which placed the Brunswick dynasty upon
the throne of England. A lady now residing in
Haverfordwest remembers her grandmother, who
was staying at Orielton at the time when Sir
Arthur Owen rode to London on horseback, for
the purpose of recording his vote. He had relays
of horses at the different posting houses, and ac-
complished the journey in an incredibly short
space of time ; arriving at the precise juncture
when his single vote caused the scale to pre-
ponderate in favour of the descendants of the
Electress Sophia. JOHN PAVIN PHILLIPS.
Haverfordwest.
Cast of Oliver Cromwell (2 nd S. ii. 34.) I do
not know of any cast of Oliver Cromwell being
preserved in the Tower. The original one, taken
after death, is, I believe, in the possession of
Henry W. Field, Esq., of H. M. Mint, a descen-
dant of the Lord Protector. MERCATOB, A.B.
Reginald Bligh, A.B. (2 nd S. ii. 10.) was
presented to the rectory of Romaldkirk in the
North Riding of Yorkshire, April 7, 1787. I
have every reason to believe that he died and was
buried at Romaldkirk, but I am sure that the
present rector will give MESSRS. C. H. & T. COO-
PER all the information about him that they
require. Mr. Bligh was related to the Captain
Bligh whose name has become famous from his
connection with the mutiny of the Bounty.
ANON.
Rand (2 nd S. i. 213. 396. 522.) Between a
place called Trumfleet Marsh and the north bank
of the river Don, near Kirk-Bramwith, about six
miles N.N.E. of Doncaster, is a portion of land
bearing the name of " The Rands." On the oppo-
site, or south bank, is Fishlake ; to the school of
which parish the Rev. Richard Rands alias Crab-
tree (so he writes himself) was a benefactor circa
1640. He mentions Fishlake as being " the place
of his nativity." C. J.
Blood which will not wash out (2 nd S. i. 461 ;
ii. 57.) It is forty years, exactly, since I visited
the chapel of the Carmelites at Paris, alluded to
in the above pages. At that time the blood was
left in quantities all over the pavement and
benches, and on the walls. I was told, on the
spot, that the number of clergy massacred in this
small chapel was 102 ! Others were shut up and
murdered in the beautiful church of the convent ;
and the whole number thus sacrificed was 500 !
With reference, however, to the original Query-
as to the blood not washing out, my impression is
that in this case no attempt has been made to
98
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2 nd S. NO 31., AUG. 2. '56,
wash it out. It is regarded with the greatest
veneration ; and when I was there, it was pre-
served most carefully by never sweeping over it,
except with a bunch of feathers. At the time of
my visit, the convent was occupied by about
thirty-six Carmelite nuns. I had just before paid
a visit to the good old Abbe Barruel, who had
then lost the sight of one eye, and was declining,
but very cheerful. He spoke very highly of
Bishop Milner, and expressed a wish to possess
his Letters to a Prebendary, to which he said he
should give a more honourable place in his library
than to Bossuet's Variations. F. C. H.
The Doleman (2 ad S. i. 375.) Dollman (some-
times Dowman) is not a very uncommon name :
the family appears to be originally from Yorkshire,
but there are branches in Herts, Berks, and Cam-
bridgeshire. J. K. does not say to which town
he alludes, or the name might possibly be traced
in the neighbourhood. There are several pedi-
grees of the name in Brit. Mus. (see Sims's Index).
Shaw gives the arms of a branch settled in Staf-
fordshire (vol. ii. p. 101.) LX.
Gamage Family (2 nd S. ii. 48.) The place
ANONYMOUS writes " Royiode," is perhaps Coyty,
near Bridgend, in Glamorganshire. The castle of
Coyty was formerly the chief possession of the
family of Gamage ; and, among persons in a hum-
ble condition of life, in that county, the name still
exists. T. F.
"Aneroid" (2 nd S. i. 114.) This word, as
applied to the vacuum barometer, is a modern
coinage ; and is compounded of a, privative, and
the obsolete adjective vnpbs, " humidus." The
motion of the index on the dial-plate of the in-
strument is produced by the pressure of the at-
mosphere upon a corrugated iron box, from which
the air has been exhausted. There being no fluid
used in the construction of the barometer, it is,
therefore, not inaptly designated " Aneroid," i. e.
moistureless. JOHN PAVIN PHILLIPS.
Haverfordwest.
The Ducking Stool (2 nd S. ii. 38.) In a recent
number of " N. & Q." a correspondent from Birk-
enhead has mentioned the use of the ducking stool
as a punishment for women, in Liverpool, in 1779,
and perhaps much later, and has referred, as his
authority, to my historical work on Liverpool.
The fact certainly was as he has stated. That
barbarous and unfeeling punishment was inflicted
in the old House of Correction in Liverpool, at
least as lately as in 1779 ; and its constant inflic-
tion there is mentioned in Howard's Appendix to
the State of the Prisons in England and Wales,
p. 258. See also the allusion to it by Mr. James
Nield, the philanthropist, in the Gentleman's
Magazine of 1803, vol. Ixxiii. part 2. p. 1104.
I may be allowed to add, that there is yet a
portable ducking stool, on wheels, preserved in
the church at Leominster, in Herefordshire, as
your correspondent states. I have repeatedly
seen it, and the last time was only in May last ;
and I have been informed by the worthy vicar,
who kindly accompanied me and pointed it out to
me, that about seventy years ago, it was used for
the ducking of a notoriously bad woman named
Jane Curran, but called by many " Jenny Pipes."
RICHARD BROOKE.
Canning Street, Liverpool.
"Hallow, my Fancie" (2 nd S. i. 511. ; ii. 57.)'
This old song is to be found in The Cabinet, a
(now somewhat rare) collection of tales, &c. In
a note is added
" From Watson's Choice Collection of Comic and Serious
Scots Poems, both Ancient and Modern, 1706, a volume of
uncommon rarity, where it is prefaced by the following :
" ' Nota. It was thought fit to insert these verses,
because the one half of them (viz. from this mark * * * to
the end) were writ by Lieutenant-Colonel Clealand, of
my Lord Angus's Regiment, when he was a Student in
the College of Edinburgh, and 18 Years of Age.' "
The mark is at the verse beginning, " In con-
ceit like Phaeton," and ascribes the last nine of
seventeen stanzas to Col. Clealand.
C. H. S. (Clk.)
Dissection (2 nd S. ii. 64.) The object of the
statute, 2 & 3 Will. IV. c. 75., which enacts that
the bodies of murderers shall not be dissected,
but buried in the prison, was obviously to remove
the prejudice against dissection, and to induce
persons to give their own or their relatives' bodies
for dissection; for the act, after reciting that
there is an insufficient supply of bodies for scien-
tific purposes, authorises the executor, or other
party having lawful possession of the body of any
deceased person, to permit the body to undergo
anatomical examination;" and also makes it im-
perative on such party to permit dissection, if the
deceased had expressed a wish to that effect,
unless the surviving relatives object.
Prior to that act, it was unlawful to have pos-
session of a body for anatomical purposes ; and,
therefore, no person could authorise the dissection
of his body. It was argued, when the act was
proposed, that the legalisation of dissection, and
the removal of the infamy, would induce many
persons, for the sake of science, to give bodies for
dissection. Except as to paupers, the act has
probably failed of the object proposed ; and it
might be expedient again to legalise the dissection
of murderers. EDEN WARWICK.
Birmingham.
Ancient Oaths (2 nd S. ii. 70.) The collection
suggested by T. H. P. to be valuable should cer-
tainly be complete ; but such a collection would
surely be too shocking and profane for admission
2 nd S. N 31., AUG. 2. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
into the pages of " N. & Q." One inestimable
blessing which we owe to the Reformation, is the
freedom from the awful oaths in use up to that
time ; and it can serve no good purpose even to
know the precise forms of blasphemy by which an
incarnate Saviour was appealed to by '* the faith-
ful." On this subject, see an article in the last
Christian Remembrancer on the "Religious and
Social State of England before the Reformation."
X. Y. Z.
Whitsunday (2 nd S. i. 521. ; ii. 77.) Although
F. C. H. seems satisfied with "the received origin
of the name Whitsunday," I confess that the de-
rivation has always appeared to me the most un-
satisfactory and fanciful that could have been
chosen. Did neophytes always wear white gar-
ments on this day ? If they did, were they so
specially worn on that day only, as to make it
likely that they should give a name to this day?
Dissenting equally from MR. MACKENZIE WAL-
COTT and from F. C. H., I can find no more likely
origin of the word than that which Hearne gives
in the glossary to his edition of Robert of Gloucester,
s. v. " Wyttesonetyd." His words are :
" There are many opinions about the original of the
name, all which I forbear noticing, unless it be one not
taken notice of by common etymologists, but occurs in
folio liiij a. of a very rare book printed by Wynken de
Worde. . . . the words to our purpose are these :
" ' ^[ In die pentecostes.
" ' Good men and wymmen this day is called Wytson-
day bycause the Holy'Ghost brought wytte and wysdom
into Cristis disciples, and so by her prechyng after in to
all cristendom. Thenne maye ye understande that many
hath wytte, but not wysdom. For there ben many that
hath wytte to preche well, but there ben few that have
wysdom to live well. There be many wyse prechers and
techers, but her lyvyng in no maner thyng after her
prechynge. Also there be many that labour to have
wytte and connyng, but there ben few travaylleth to
come to good lyvynge.' "
Would some of your philological readers give
the name of this feast in the various languages of
Europe, as this might enable us to decide upon
the derivation of the word in our own language.
WM. DENTON.
Anonymous Works (1 st S. x. 306.) I have
heard that Violet, or The Danseuse, was written
by Sir Edward Bulwer Lytton, Bart. ; and that
Nights at Mess, originally published in Black-
wood's Magazine, were not written by the late
Dr. Maginn, but by the Rev. James White,
M. A., subsequently residing in Norfolk or
Somerset. WAHRHEIT.
"Pence a piece," for a penny a piece (2 nd S. ii.
66.) This phrase may sometimes be heard in
Pembrokeshire. I have often been struck with
the manifest inaccuracy of the expression in its
popular sense ; for, if it means anything, it must
mean two pence a piece at least, to satisfy the
grammatical construction ; just as a lease for years,
without saying how many, is a lease for two years.
" Verba ex captu vulgi imponuntur," and we have
here a sample of the loose way in which the captus
vulgi often works. J. W. PHILLIPS.
Haverfordwest.
Gypsum, Bones, Guano (2 nd S. i. 374.) The
use of gypsum, as a manure, was very partially
known until Mayer, a clergyman of Kupferzell,
in the principality of Hohenlohe, in Germany,
noticed it about the middle of the last century in
a correspondence with Count Von der Schulen-
berg, at Hehlen, in the electorate of Hanover, as
having been long in use in the neighbourhood of
Gottingen as a top-dressing for young clover.
Tscheffeli, the zealous Swiss agriculturist, soon
after tried experiments with it, and his success
introduced it very generally into Switzerland,
where it continues to maintain its first reputation.
In the Dumfries and Galloway Courier for
March, 1837, it is stated that around Hull, and in
other parts of England, bones have been used as
a manure for a period of nearly thirty years ; and
it is added, as a curious fact, that while the Scots
have the reputation of being the best farmers in the
world, almost all our great improvements are im-
ported from the sister country. From Hull the
practice travelled to East Lothian, and was for
years so stationary that not a single bushel of the
new manure was seen in the south of Scotland till
1825.
Guano is supposed to have been used as a ma-
nure probably for ages before Peru was visited by
the Spaniards. It is spoken of by Herrera in a
work published at Madrid in 1601 ; in another
work published at Lisbon in 1609. In the time
of the Incas there was so much vigilance in guard-
ing the sea fowl, that during the rearing season
no person was allowed to visit the islands which
they frequented, under pain of death, in order
that they might not be frightened and driven
away from their nests. About the commencement
of 1843, guano was discovered on the island of
Ichaboe, about two miles and a half from the
mainland of Africa. The place soon attracted
notice, and by the end of 1844, nearly the whole
of the guano had been carried away.
WILLIAM BLOOD.
Dublin.
"Rebukes for Sin" (2 nd S. ii. 30.) This book
was written by the celebrated Nonconformist
Thomas Doolittle. JOHN I. DREDGE.
Memorials of former Greatness (2 nd S. i. 405.)
In the parish church of Alnwick, there are also
many banners, gloves, and (I think) spears or
swords, hung up. Also some gloves and wreaths
in the private chapel at Hill Hall, in Essex.
E. E. BYNG.
100
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
[2nd s. NO 31., AUG. 2. '56.
Rev. Charles Hofham (2 nd S. ii. 10.) was a
son of Sir John Hotham, the celebrated governor
of Hull who was beheaded on Tower Hill, by his
second wife, Anne, daughter of Ralph Rokeby,
Esq., of York. He was rector of Wigan, Lan-
cashire, and married Eliz., daughter of Stephen
Thompson of Hambleton, Esq., and from Mm the
present family of Hotham descends.
Socius DUNELM.
"Paraph" (2 nd S. i. 373. 420. 481. 521.)
All the correspondents with " 1ST. & Q." who have
written in answer to my inquiries, as to the diplo-
matic usages of this word, have passed unnoticed
this question.
" As the King of France had his particular paraph, said
to have been a grate, are we to presume that each state
had its own ? "
Vossius on Catullus (quoted by Menage) intro-
duces us to a very different custom, under the
same name, from any that has yet been noticed :
" Qui minio, cocco, et rubrica, libros exornabant,
etiam illi irapaypdfaiv dicebantur. Et hinc est, quod ju-
risconsultorum rubricos PARAGRAPIII aclpellantur."
Q.
Bloomsburv.
NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.
It was well said by Sir Joshua Reynolds, a few months
after the death of Gainsborough, that, " if ever this
nation should produce genius sufficient to acquire to us
the honourable distinction of an English School, the name
of Gainsborough will be transmitted to posterity, in the
history of the Art, among the very first of that rising
name : " yet, high as is the reputation which Gainsborpugh
now enjoys as one of the best as well as earliest masters
of the English School, no biography worthy of his great
tnlents has appeared of him until the present moment.
A small volume, compiled with great care and attention,
at length furnishes the admirers of Thomas Gainsborough
with the particulars of his early strivings after art his
progress, and ultimate triumph. The Life of Thomas
Gainsborough, ly the fate George William Fulcher, edited
lij his Son, was commenced by one who esteemed it a
privilege to have been born in the same town, educated
at the same school, and loved the same scenes as Thomas
Gainsborough ; he availed himself to the fullest of these
advantages, and, although not spared to complete the
labours which he had so zealously commenced, the
volume has perhaps gained somewhat in interest by
the fact that it is itself a tribute of filial affection. It
does not, however, require this adventitious help to repu-
tation : it has been industriously and honestly worked at,
and we have no doubt will, from its completeness, take a
permanent place among English Art Biographies.
Rogers tells a story, in proof of Robertson's good nature,
of the great historian spreading out a great map of Scot-
land on the floor, and sprawling on his hands and knees
to show him the best routes through the country. There
was then no Black's Picturesque Tourist of Scotland, with
its numerous maps, views, &c. We live in better clays.
The railroad carries us to the North in a few hours, a'nd
when there, thanks to the worthy M.P. for Edinburgh,
we are at no loss to know what is best worth seeing, or
how it may best be seen. No wonder that this year's
edition of this most useful guide should bear on its'title-
page the recognition of its merits implied bv the words,
Twelfth Edition."
The new number of The North British Review is a very
pleasant one. The articles on the Ottoman Empire, the
Crimean Campaign (a series of corrections of the French
mis-statements), and on the Annexation of Oude, will
interest the politician. The religious reader will peruse
with interest those on Christian Missions, and the Martyrs
and Heroes of Holland. There is a good article on the
Microscope for the scientific, while the literary papers
on the life of Perthes, the Literary Tendencies of
France, and the Life and Times of Samuel Rogers, give
an agreeable variety to the number.
BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES
WANTED TO PURCHASE.
Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct to
the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and ad-
dresses are given for that purpose :
SOME REMARKS ON HAMLET, PRINCE OP DENMARK. 8vo. London,
1736.
MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS ON THB TRAGEDY OP HAMLET. 8vo.
London, 1752.
AN ESSAY ON THE LEARNING OP SHAKSPEARE. By Dr. Fanner. 1821.
AN E-SAY ON THE CHARACTER OP HAMLET AS PERFORMED BY MR.
HKNDERSON. 8vo. No date.
A PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS AND ILLUSTRATION OP SOME OF SHAKSPEARE'S
DRAMATIC CHARACTERS. [By Win. Richardson.] Latest Edition.
ESSAYS ON RICHARD III., &c. By Wm. Richardson. 12mo. London,
ESSAY ON THE CHARACTER OF HAMLET. By the Rev. T. Robertson.
4to. London, 1788.
OnsKRVATioNs ON HAMLET. By James Plumtre. 8vo. Cambridge,
1796, and the Appendix. 8vo. London, 1797.
ULRICI'S SHAKSPEARE'S DRAMATIC ART. English Translation.
W. S. LANDOR'S WORK ON SHAKSPEARK (?)
HAZLITT'S CHARACTERS OF SHAKSPEARE'S PLAYS. 1838.
Wanted by Z. A. If., Post Office, Dartmouth Row, Blackheath.
ENGLAND'S FORGOTTEN WORTHIES.
Wanted by J. W. //., Islington Literary Society.
LADY JANE GREY.
FAIR ROSAMOND.
ROYSTON GOWEH.
RURAL SKETCHES.
All by Thos. Miller, Basket-Maker.
Also Vols. VIII. and X. of ELIZA COOK'S JOURNAL.
Wanted by Tkos. Riley, Bookseller, 2. Old Millgatc, Manchester.
ta
Amoiirj other valuable communications which we are compelled to post-
/tone until ni-.rt ircek is an, iitcdited letter bi/ Gustavus AdolphlU in favour
of Patrick Ruthven, and a most admirable Oxford Jeu d'iisprii of the
beginning of the last century.
We are reminded of an inaccuracy in the account of the family of
Athenian Stuart in our faif number. The "jine boi/ " at Jfr. Barney's
i,<,art/i,t!i-scli<>o( wax John, (ieonje Jlardimje Stuart, n://o ir<(ssub.<c//uently
a tnidsliipma n. in the lional .\'ar//, and died, of the yellow fever, at Mar-
tini</iie, in the. ll'est Indies, in the //ear 1800. Lieut. James Stuart, It. JV.,
nmv lirin;/, was a i>ost/nim<j!>* child, born April 13. 1783, shortly after the
death of /its father.
Answers to other Correspondents in our next.
INDEX TO THE FIRST SERIES. As this is now published, and the im-
pr< -ssion.is a limited one, such of our readers as desire copies would do
veil to intimate, their icish to their 'respective booksellers without delay.
Our publishers, Mrssiis. BELL & DALDY, will forward copies by post on
receipt of a Post Office Order for Fire Shillings.
" NOTES AND QUERIES " is published at noon on Friday, so that tJie
Cm/ ni n/ Hook-sellers man recc.ire Copies in. that night's parcels, and
deliver' them to their Subscribers on the Saturday.
"NOTES AND QUERIES" is also issued in Monthly Parts, for the, con-
venience of those irho may either hare. a. difficulty in. procuring the un-
stainjicd. weekhi X umbers, or prefer receiving it monthly. While parties
resident in the country or abroad, u-lio maybe desirous of receiving the
veek/i/ Ximibers, may have stanived copies forwarded direct from the
1'nliljshc.r. The. subscription for the. stamped edition of " NOTES AND
QUERIES " (inclvding a very coj//<is Jnde.r) is i-leren shillings and four-
pence for six months, which inai/ be paid by Post Office Order, drawn in
favour of the Publisher, MR. GEO'ROB BELL, No. 186. Fleet Street.
. N 32., AUG. 9. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
101
LONDON, SATURDAY, AUGUST 9, 185G.
INEDITED LETTER OF GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS IN
BEHALF OF PATRICK RUTHVEN.
Such of our readers as are Fellows of the So-
ciety of Antiquaries remember, we have no doubt,
the valuable illustrations of the History of the
Knthven Family contributed by Mr. Bruce to the
Archceologia, vol. xxxiv., founded on documents
tvhich had been unearthed from our various Re-
cord Offices by the persevering and well-directed
zeal of Colonel Stepney Cowell, a present repre-
sentative of the last male descendant of that most
unhappy family.
To the kindness of Colonel Cowell we are now
indebted for the opportunity of bringing before
them a document recently discovered by him in
the State Paper Office, which document will be
read with great interest, recording as it does the
friendly intercession of Gustavus Adolphus with
Charles I. in behalf of Patrick Ruthven ; and we
shall be well pleased indeed, if its publication in
these columns should be the means of bringing to
light any evidence as to the results of the exertions
so earnestly made by the Swedish monarch, that
Patrick Ruthven "might obtain the splendour of
his ancient house, and maintain the place and
dignity of his ancestors."
u Gustavus Adolphus, by the Grace of God King
of Sweeden."
"Most excellent and most mightie Prince,
Our most deare brother, Cousin and friend.
" Your Mag* hath giuen us just occasion to re-
joyce at, your frendship, hauing upon Our inter-
cession made by Our Counseller and Ambass r
Gabriel Oxenstern some Two years agoe, in. the
behalf of your subict Partrig Ruthuen, promised
for our sake to restore him to his former condi-
tion. Therefore understanding that y* Ma e being
mindful of that intercession, hath not only ad-
mitted the said jftuthuen into Your presence, but
also permitted him to kisse you r kinglie hand, and
giuen him further hope withall, to obtaine his
former hereditarie hono, We could not but giue
you many thanks.
"Now for as much as he hath his hope upon
the mutuall frendship and good correspondence
as passet.h betweine You r Maj e an Us, thereby to
attaine You r full grace, and to obtaine the spleri-
do r of his auncient house, and to maintaine the
place and dignitie of his Ancesto", We againe
entreat You r Ma e most kindly to vouchsaf, as he
has allready felt a good foundation by the pre-
mices of our request, so also that now he may
perceiue, upon this our reiterated intercession,
such an encrease of Yo r grace, that at the last he
may be bound unto Yo r Ma e for ever for an ac-
complishm*, and as it were for a new Life, by
Yo r munificence bestowed on his familie. And
we assure You r Ma e that whatsoever he shall re-
ceiue hereupon of grace and fau r , That We will
so accept of, that We ourselves will endau r upon
each occasion to deserue it. And he and his
Whole familie shall without doubt for euer ac-
knowledge Yo r grace by all thankfulnes, praise,
obedience, and service, &c. Giuen in our Camp
at Worrndit, 1 Octob. 1627.
" The King of Sweeden unto his most exc.
Ma e in the behalf of Pardrig Ruthen,
that he may enjoy the former lion"
and dighitie of his predecess 8 , & Oc-
tober, 1627."
(Charles 1 st , Rex.)
AN OXFORD SQUIB.
In rummaging the old family papers of a neigh-
bouring "Country Squire," I lately found a large
collection of literary MSS., in quantity and quality
amply sufficient to vindicate the ancestry of my
friend from the charge of ignorance and boorish
habits brought by a brilliant writer against the
country squires of a former age. During my
search the following pasquinade turned up. As
you have invited contributions of university
squibs, I do not hesitate to send it you; for nei-
ther in classical Latinity nor racy humour is it
inferior to any that have yet appeared in your
columns. There are evidently many sly and
happy hits at personal character and history to
which we need the key, though they almost tell
their own tale. All Souls, as usual in more mo-
dern days, comes in for its full share of envious
satire. It will be seen that the squib is in the
form of a letter, assumed to be written by Ma-
thew Hole, rector of Exeter College, a divine of
some eminence, to Sir Hans Sloane, with an ac-
count of the reception given by the university to
a Norwegian owl presented to them by the great
naturalist.
As to its date. Sir Hans Sloane was elected
President of the College of Physicians in 1719;
Bernard Gardiner was Warden of All Souls from
1702 to 1726. Between 1719 and 1726, then, this
effusion was put forth.
I send it literatim as I find it ; though there are
a few palpable clerical errors, whixjh I have been
almost tempted to correct. L. B. L.
Viro insignissimo necnon Patrono ae Benefactori immifi-
centissimo Domino Hans Sloane, Eguiti aurato Collegii
medicorum inter Londinenses Praesidi, &fc.
" Domine,
"Bubonern Norvegensem, pignus amoris tui, avem
perraram perpulchramque, in quam tota stupet Academia,
laeti accepimus incolumem ac sanam. Per me igitur
102
NOTES AND QUERIES.
S. NO 32., AUG. 9. '56,
gratias quam maximas rependit Venerabilis Domus Con-
vocationis, quae mihi in mandata dedit ut gratias hasce
celeriter et sine mora rependerem, ne ingrati animi nota
inureretur nobis, neve ignorare videamur quanti pretii
tarn insigne beneficium aastimari debet.
" Edwardus Whistler, legatus academicus, mihique con-
sanguineus (utpote uxor illius eandem matrem, lijet di-
versum patrem, cum mea uxore jactat) jussu meo ad
vicum rusticum, vulgo vocatum Wheatly, fecit iter, ut
ibi praestolaretur adventum Bubonis, eamque ad Oxoniam
deduceret prima nocte, sine ullo tubarum aut Tympa-
norum strepitu, et, si fieri potuit, private fallentique
modo: Cavere enim necesse esse duxi, ut nullam moles-
tiam facesserent Reginae avium vel lascivi Juvenes vel
profanum Vulgus ; utque nihil accideret per quod fieret
publicae perturbatio pacis, pulsante Thoma Clusio, ipse
cum caeteris Collegiorum praefectis primum salutavimus
Bubonem in hospitio meo. Avem discumbere fecimus
super mollem lecticam juxta focillum, in eodem lecto
quotidie requiescit, somno ac cibo potuque parum indi-
gene, et vitam agens vere collegialem.
Postero die quam Bubo est in gremium Almae Matris
Academiss recepta, convenerunt apud Golgotha singuli
Collegiorum ac Aularum praefectus, ut novo hospiti hos-
pitium assignarent, deliberarentque qualem victum cul-
tumque prsestare ei par esset.
"In hoc venerabili concessu ipse pro more primus surrexi
et sequentia verba feci.
" Insignissimi Doctores, Vosque egregii Procuratores.
" Est mihi placens uxor, sunt etiam quamplurima mu-
nera a me volente, nolente, obeunda, quaa atram caliginem
obducunt diei, quaa noctes insomnes reddunt. Quando-
quidem ita se res habet, etiam atque etiam a vobis,
Fratres fraterrimi, rogo, ut Bubo, quge mihi sollicitaa
jucunda oblivia vitae ' suppeditabit, quaeque curis domes-
ticis gravatae innocuum movebit risum, et, me absente,
meas vices gerat, ut haac optatissima Bubo, inquam,
inter domesticos meos adsciscatur, mihique perpetuus fiat
hospes; Verumenimvero si huic venerando Coetui secus
statuere in hac re visum fuerit, tamen sorte meS, con-
tentus abibo, memet paratum praestabo publicaa voci
assentiri, atque viris parere quorum sententia nunquam
sort.ilegis discrepuit Delphi's.
"Sic fatus resedebatn, et protinus 'D s D r Delaune,
reverendus Sancti Johannis Baptiste prases surrexit,
dixitque.
" Insignissirne Vice Cancellarie.
"De via recta devius aberras : non ea mens, non id
propositum fuit a Domino H. Sloane, ut Bubo senesceret
ad instar fratris nostri Matthei Hole, intra Collegii pa-
rietes, donee procumberet a Lethi jactu ictus ; sed data
est avis ut enecaretur, coquereturque, nobisque exquisi-
tissimas praeberet dapes. Mihi enim credite (vel si fides
mihi parum sit adhibenda) credite Plinio, qui in Natural
sua historia aperte profitetur carnem Bubonis esse sapore
praastantissimum, et omni alii cibo longe anteponendum.
" Crastino igitur die iterum conveniamus apud hospitia
Domini Vice Cancellarii, ibique assata bubone epulemur
et saluti Domini Hans Sloane propinemus Gallicurr
Vinum eo modo quo par est, vel potius sine ullo modo ve
mensura.
" Domino Doctori Delaune respondit Dominus Docto:
Dobson Collegii Trinitatis Prases laudatissimus, et se
quentem orationem habuit.
" Non assentior tibi Domine Doctor ; est enim adagium
satis notum, ' si me ames, ama etiam canem meum ; '
quod si canis est magistri gratia amandus, ita debe;
ratiocinari. Si colis Dominum H. Sloane colenda est
etiam Bubo ejus; jam vero si pectore homicidali avem
mactemus et devoremus, ipse Dominus Hans Sloane me
uat ne eadem sors ei contingat, si quando intra limites
icademiae fuerit deprehensus. Quocirck ab hoc sanguino-
ento proposito vestras cohibete manus, et aliquod melius
nter nos ineamus Consilium.
" Relapso in sedem suam Dominus Doctor Dobson, sese
ad eloquendum accinxit D" D r Holland Collegii Merton-
nsis Gustos, atque ita est exorsus.
" Si quid est in me ingenii, Judices, quod vos scntitis
quam sit exiguum, aut si quae exercitatio dicendi in qua
me non inficior mediocriter esse versatum, earum rerum
omnium vel in primis haec Bubo fructum a me repetere
prope suo jure debet. In medium igitur proferam quod
mens in pectoribus suadet in hoc solenni negotio esse
faciendum, quodque et vobis et toti academies (cui Deus
sit semper propitius) maxime in Glorias et Laudis pereni-
tatem cedat. Hortum Botannicum supereminent aedes in
hospitium Professoris nostri Botannici exstructse, quae
amaenum hunc Hortum, omni genere leguminis olerisque
consitum, grato et ridenti aspectant vultu. In hisce
aedibus cohabitet Bubo, una cum Botannico Professore,
qui ave (quod absit) aegrotante, ei opem praesentem ferat,
reducatque ad integram sanitatem arte sua vere Apol-
linea. Ne vero Professor ipse, qui Bubonis curae nullo non
tempore totus vacabit, damnum vel minimum sentiat in
praxi medicinali, solvatur ei obolus quadransve a singulis
qui Bubonem visendi causa Botannicum frequentabunt
hortum. Huic larga excrescent emolumenta quaa egregii
Professoris fidelitatem et curam abunde remunerabunt
suppeditabuntque non solum et illi et Buboni victum
competentem, verum etiam quicquid horum animantium
desiderat Vita.
" Hanc orationem vix peroraverat D 8 D r Holland, cum
D' D r Gardner Collegii Omnium Animarum Gustos emi-
nentissimus valde mutatus de sede prosiluit, et hasce
iratas voces contra Hollandum projecit.
"Tace Circuliuncule, tace inquam, Ego assatam Bu-
bonem comedere cum D. Delaune mallem, vel crudam et
plumatam avem protinus deglutire quam cum fatuo Doc-
tore Holland suffragari ut Bubo apud Hortum Botannicum
asservetur ibique publicum spectaculum fiat ; Nemo enim
nescit socios meos ea esse ignava atque nugaci indole
proaditos, ut si perpetuus ingressus pateret, perpetui eva-
derent Buboni Comites. In sacello ita, nee non in Biblio-
theca ac in toto Collegio meo foret infrequentia summa,
rueret Disciplina, ruerent Exercitia, ruerent Artes; at
tales minas avertat Ccclum, aut haec mea avertet Dextra.
" Sic fatus anhelans recumbit surrexitque D 9 D r Gibson
Collegii Regalis Praepositus acutissimus qui haec enea. w
poevra. irpoa-evSa.
" D' D r Gardner !
"Quare tarn iracundus, tarn ferox, et tarn contumeliosus
es in bonum nostrum fratrem D r Hollandum? profecto
tuus vultus magis rabidus et magis truculentus apparet,
quam caput apri illius quern pauper puer de meo collegio
trucidavit decollavitque unico armatus Aristotelis libro
Dico autem tibi, quod ni tu malus esses Gubernator,
nullam causam haberes trepidandi de sociis tuis. Sis tu
igitur mihi similis, et tui socii erunt similes meis, quos
libere permittam Bubonem visere toties quoties volunt.
" Ad haec verba raptim surrexit Dominus Doctor Gard-
ner, etlaevamanu prehenso Domini Doctoris Gibson jugulo,
dextra comminuisset eum, ni Bedellus Theologiae eo in-
stanti intrasset, narrassetque Bubonem ita male se habere,
ut respueret Escam e manibus uxoris mese. Hoc audito
singuli Praefectus festinantes domum se receperunt ut
quisque a Collegio suo ablegaret medicum qui aegrotae
Buboni opem pro viribus ferret. Ipse vero, monitu Doc-
toris Skippen, aequm esse censui ad te de rebus hodie inter
nos gestis scriptitare, simulque humiliter petere ut nobis
quamprimum praacipias quid in hisce arduis negotiis
agendum sit. Hoc igitur in praecordiis persuasum habe
2"d S. NO 32., AUG. 9.
NOTES AND QUERIES.
103
me paratissimum esse tua exequi mandata, et memet
prastare nullo non tempore cum omni cultu et grati-
tudine. Tuum servum fidelissinaum humillimum."
PREMATURE INTERMENTS, ETC.
The twenty-three years' experience of the
worthy gravedigger of Bath (see "N. & Q.,"
1 st S. viii. 6. 205.), to the effect thatjin the course
of decomposition the face of every individual turns
to the earth, proves too much for the supposition,
which, had the instances been less universal,
might have been held sufficiently explanatory,
that premature interments, the result of undue
haste and culpable carelessness or ignorance as to
the true signs of fleath, had been the cause of the
phenomenon. Newspaper paragraphs, headed
"Buried alive!" appear at intervals sufficiently
brief to keep the frightful possibility of such an
occurrence vivid in the imagination ; and the his-
toric cases in proof are too numerous and well-
authenticated to need citation or inquiry. The
ancients, as is well known, instituted their con-
clamatio, and other precautions to prevent this
most horrible of fates, and all tourists are aware
of the careful provisions made at the present day
in the cemeteries of Germany to avoid the possi-
bility of premature interment. The tender Juliet
soliloquises :
How, if when I am laid into the tomb
I wake .....
. there's a fearful point ! "
and how prevalent is such a fear we may gather
from the number of the instances in which men
have requested, that, before the last offices are
done for them, such wounds or mutilations should
be inflicted upon their bodies, as should effectually
prevent the possibility of an awakening in the
tomb. So in the case of a well-known antiquary
and lover of books :
" The late Francis Douce requested in his will, that. Sir
Anthony Carlisle, the surgeon, should sever his head from
his body, or take out his heart, to prevent the return of
vitality. His old friend, and co-residuary legatee, Mr.
Kerrick, had also requested the same operation to be per-
formed in the presence of his son." T. F. Dibdin's Lit.
Hem., vol. ii. p. 777.
In France especially, premature interments
seem to have been formerly startlingly numerous,
and the subject has at times excited great in-
terest. Bruhier has collected and classified no
less than 180 cases, many of which were doubtless
attributable to hospital negligence. Twenty years
ago M. Manni, Professor in the University at
Rome, placed the sum of 1500 francs at the dis-
posal of the Academy of Sciences, for the best
treatise on the signs of death, and the means to
prevent premature interment. This premium was
not adjudicated till 1846, when the following me-
moir was considered to merit its bestowal :
"Traite' des Signes de la Mort, et des Moyens de
prevenir les Enterrements prematures. Par E. Bouchut.
Paris : Bailliere, 1849."
This is the best treatise we have on the subject.
A well written little book has more recently ap-
peared :
" The Medical Aspects of Death : and the Medical As-
pects of the Human Mind. By James Bower Harrison,
&c. London : 12mo., 1852." '
For the behoof of those who may take an in-
terest in this horrible subject, and wish to investi-
gate it for themselves, I append the titles of a few
volumes in my collection :
" Garmanni (L. C. F.) de Miraculis Mortuorum, lib. iii.
quibus praemissa Dissertatio de Cadavere et Miraculis in
Genere, Opus physico-medicum. 4to. Dresden, 1709."
"The Uncertainty of the Signs of Death, and the
Danger of Precipitate Interments and Dissections De-
monstrated, &c. 2nd ed. London, 12mo., 1751."
"Observations on Apparent Death from Drowning,
Hanging, Suffocation by Noxious Vapours, Fainting Fits,
Intoxication, Lightning, Exposure to Cold, &c. By
James Curry, M.D., &c. London, Svo., 1815."
" The Danger of Premature Interment proved from
many remarkable Instances of Persons who have recovered
after being laid out for Dead. By Joseph Taylor. 12mo.
1816."
"The Thesaurus of Horror; or the Charnel-House Ex-
plored ! ! Being an Historical and Philanthropical In-
quisition made for the quondam Blood of its Inhabitants !
By a contemplative descent into the untimely grave!
Shewing, by a number of awful facts that have transpired,
as well as from philosophical inquiry, the reanimating
power of Fresh Earth in cases of Syncope, &c., and the
extreme criminality of hasty Funerals : with the surest
method of escaping the ineffable horrors of Premature In-
terment ! ! The frightful Mysteries of the A Dark Ages
laid open, &c. By John Smart, $tAai'0pw7ros. London :
8vo. 1817."
Reference may also be made to the following :
" Encyclopaedia Londinensis : sub voc. ' Mausoleum,'
and ' Reanimation.' "
"Diet, de Medicine et de Chirurgie. Art. 'Inhuma-
tions precipitees.' "
" Reports of the Royal Humane Society for 1787-8-9,
p. 77."
" Collet's Relics of Literature, p. 186."
" Granger's Biog. Hist, of England, vol. i. p. 330."
I cannot more appropriately conclude than by
the transcription, from a magazine cutting, of a
story, cognate in horror and mystery with that
alluded to at the commencement of the present
paper ; soliciting the elucidatory remarks of the
readers of " N. & Q." thereto.
" Horrible Phenomena. It is not generally known,
that in Barbadoes there is a mysterious vault, in which
no one now dares to deposit the dead : it is in a church-
yard near the sea-side. In 1807, the first coffin that was
deposited in it was that of a Mrs.Goddard; in 1808, a
Miss A. M. Chase was placed in it ; and in 1812, Miss D.
Chase. In the end of 1812, the vault was opened for the
body of the Hon. T. Chase ; but the three first coffins
were found in a confused state, having been apparently
tossed from their places. Again was the vault opened to
receive the body of an infant, and the four coffins, all of
104
NOTES ANP QUEBIES.
N 32., AUG. 9. '56 4
Jead. and very heavy, were found much disturbed. In
1816, a Mr. Brewster's body was placed jn the vault, and
again great disorder was apparent among the coffins^ In
1819, a Mr. Clarke was placet in the vault; and, as be-
fore, the cpffins were in confusion. Each time that the
vault was opened, the coffins were replaced in their proper
situations : that is, three on the ground, side by sid^e, and
the others laid on them. The vault was then regularly
closed ; the door (a massive stone, which required six or
seven men to move) was cemented by masons ; and
though the floor was of sand, there were no marks of
footsteps or water. Again the vault was ppened ir) 1819.
Lord Combermere was then'present; and the coffins were
found thrown confusedly about the vault spme with
the heads down, and others up. What could have occa-
sioned this phenomenon? In no other vault in the island
has this ever occurred. Was it an earthquake which oc-
casioned it, or the effects of an inundatjon in the vault ? '
These were the questions asked by a Barbadoes journal at
the time, and no one could afford a solution.
" The matter gradually died away, until the present
year, whep, on the 16th qf February, the vault was again
opened, and all the coffins were found thrown about as
confusedly as before. A strict investigation took place,
and no cause could be discovered. Was it, after all, that
the sudden bursting forth of noxious gas from one of the
coffins could have produced the phenomena? If so, it is
against all former experience. The vault has been her-
metically sealed again when to be re-opened we cannot
tell.
" In England there was a parallel occurrence tp this,
some years ago, at Haunton in Suffolk. It is stated, that
on opening a vault there, several leaden coffins, with
wooden cases, which had been fixed on biers, were found
displaced, to the great consternation of the villagers. The
coffins were again placed as beforehand the vault properly
closed, when again another of the family dying, they
were a second time found displaced ; and two years after
that, they were not only found all off their biers, but one
coffin (so heavy as to require eight men tp raise it) was
found on the fourth step which led down to the vaults,
and it seemed perfectly certain that no human hand had
done this."
Birmingham.
WILLIAM BATES.
QTJISQUILIN^ L1TERARO3 LONDINENSES.
Under this name, an unique and extraordinary
collection has been here J.ately formed. Its ra-
tionale was the following : Since the year 1838,
England has gone through a number of political
and societary revulsions, which in some eases
assumed an important character for instance, the
storming of the soldiers' station at Monmouth ; the
extempore, procession of 40,000 London proletaires
in the night of June 29, 1848. These and similar
facts implied an analogous motion and convulsion
of the public mind : this again became typified
and pourtrayed in a number of flying leaves, pam-
phlets, and journals, all of the same ephemeral
character as the deecls to which they led hitherto.
Still, they all also form
" The very age and body of the time, his form and
pressure."
Hence, therefore, it had seemed advisable tp
collect these strange mementos of the time, otker-
wise irretrievably lost. Even the titles of some of
them are remarkable : The Atheist and Republican !
a penny periodical, the few numbers of which
were probably published by some deluded journey-
man who thought that he had discovered these
mystic words of history. The late W. Hethering-
ton (formerly of the Strand) delighted in such
deep issues, by which also he became a bankrupt.
The number of Social (Owenite) and Chartist pub-
licatiops and leaves is legion all which seemed
to be built on sand. To say at least 100,0007.
must have been, spent in 1839 seqq. in journals like
The Working Mans Friend, The Charter, frc. ;
some of wb/ich, like The London Dispatch, were
large weeklies, in folio, f he late line of policy of
not prosecuting such publications has done them
a deal of harm and some of them contain pas-
sages which we would not venture to reprint here.
On an equally untenable foundation rest the anti-
religious, atheistic publications of that period
The Oracles of Reason which only establish the
fact, that in a huge community every creed and
sentiment will have its abettors, and therefore
organs. The collection also contains specimens
of all sorts of exploded journals and periodicals, a
great many in numbers (!) ; data, however, for
the history of the periodical press of England at
that time. Although I have given to the collection
a bad name, yet the QuisquilincB Liieraria Lqn-
dinenses will be a fertile source for the searchers
into the mind of the English and London people
at the period referred to ; in fine, whatever might
have been right in those exertions, will expand in
future, according to the axiom of the younger
Coleridge :
" Whatever is to be fa"
DR. J. LQTSKY.
15. Gower Street, London.
P.S. A collection of the Vienna Revolution
prints of 1848 and 1849, containing some very
scarce street lampoons, has been purchased by the
Berlin Library.
WILL OF RICHARP LINGARP.
The following will may probably be interesting
to some of the renders of "N. & Q." The tes-
tator was a man of learning and reputation, and
his testament is an extremely curious document.
It was proved in the Registry at York.
" Testawentupt Richardi Lingard nuper tfe Ristnore in
regno Jlibernice.
!' The plate and furniture of the Chamber, and six score
poupds jn money, as jtt becomes due, J bequeath tp my
sister; and the remnant of that I bequeath to myselfe.
For the recovery of my right I appoint Captaine Nicholas,
Sir Francis Brewster. I desire to be buried where the
parish of St. Andrewe's shall appoint. I desire the hun-
dred pounds lyeing in the hands of Sir Francis Brewster
to be left in th<? hands of the executors pf whpme he,e
2i S. N 32., Alia. 9. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
105
is one. I desire that the senior fellowes of the Colledge
shall have nipurneing rings. Mr. Clarke of Clarindon
House, my Lord of Ormond's servant, to have twenty
pounds as a legacy, and what I owe him to be paid.
Fifty pound I leave Mr. Roberts. I recommend my ser-
vant Arthur to tlie Deane of Corke's desjgnes. I desire
ihy Lord Chancellor for the recovery of those arreares.
I desire that twenty of my choicest bookes may be given
to the library. The rest I desire my executors to dis-
pose, but that my cozen John Pinsent shall chuse a
third part. My watch and thirty pounds to be given
to Mr. Story. To my servant Arthur twenty pounds
and mourning ; and to Patrick tenn pounds and mourn-
ing. I desire that Mr. Ward may be joined with Mr.
Styles in the disposeing of my bookes. I desire that
Mr. Crookes be paid, and to have a mourneing ring. I
forgive Patricke Sheridan and William Sheridan, the
Deanes pf Dome (Deny or Dromore?) and Corke, if ever
I did them any injury.
" The Goods. A rent due to mee in Cumberland
(vizt.) a tenement in the Island sold to George William-
son, the whole summe of one hundred and seaventy five ;
of which I received forty five. I beleive some money is
due to mee in Cornett D'eanes hand. I desire my notes to
be perused by Dr. Styles, and not above six of my
sermons to be used, the rest to be burned. I bequeath to
the Provest twenty pounds, as a symbole of my love.
Twenty pounds to his Lady. I trust my man Arthur in
the setting downe pf these partipulers, and I allow this to
be my hasty will.
" Hi. LIKGARD, November the 10th, 1670."
The extraordinary character of this document
may be, perhaps, accounted for by $he fpUqwing
memorandum which, is appended to the will :
" Memorandum, that Mr. Joice Scale and Arthur Brinan,
wittnesses produced, swprne, and examined, in a cause
depending in his Majesties Court pf Prerogative concern-
ing the profe of the last will and testament of Dr. Richard
Lingard, in speciall forme of law did depose that Dr.
Henry Stiles was nominated by the said Dr. Richard Lin-
gard one of his executors, but his name was not inserted
in the said will by reason of the hast and negligence p.f
the said Arthur Brinan whoe did write the said will."
SOCIUS DUNELM.
The @reat Comet of 1556. The great comet
of 1556, the probable return of which in the
course of the present summer, had been predicted
by Paul Fabricius, and more recently by Hel-
ler, the N'urnberg astronomer, as shown by DR.
LOTSKY in the last volume of " N. & Q." (2 nd S.
i. 272. 391.) would seem by The Times of Aug. 5,
to have made its re-appearance. In the paper of
that day is a long extract from the Limerick Ob-
server of the preceding Saturday, from which the
following extract seems to me to deserve trans-
ferring to your columns :
" A gentleman qf the highest respectability has just
informed us that he saw lasf, night, for the third time,
what appears from his description to be the long-ex-
pected comet of 1556, the re-appearance of which this
year has been so long foretold; astronomers, however,
guarding their calculations by the proviso that a differ-
ence of three years might possibly occur, although there
was every reason to expect that the great comet, which
takes three centuries to complete its orbit, would be
visible about the month of August 18">6. Our informant
thus describes the object which attracted his attention for
the first time last Wednesday night : He was standing
near the salmon- weir, on the platform before the mills of
Corbally, about half past 10 o'clock, whe.n his attention
was attracted by what appeared to be a fire rising on the
top of Keeper mountain, due east of his position. He
remarked the object to a gentleman who was with him,
but, as the fire rose and cleared the top of the mountain,
his friend suggested that it must be a lantern suspended
to a kite. It had then the appearance of a globe of fire
as large as a good-sized orange, with a broad tail of light
extending about 18 inches from the body. The two
gentlemen watched it for an hour, and the watchman on
the weir observed it also. Qn Thursday night they all
saw it again. It rose a few moments later, presenting
the same appearances, and was high in the heavens at
half-past 1J. o'clock, when, they went home. At that
hour one of the gentlemen pointed it out to his sister.
Last night, from the same place, the same persons again
saw it rise about 20 minutes before 11 o'clock, and then it
first occurred to one of them (our informant) that it
might be a comet. He ceased to watch it about midnight,
but the watchman observed it up to half-past 1 o'clock
this morning. It did not seem so large as on the previpus
nights, but still far exceeded the most brilliant form in
which the planet Jupiter has ever been beheld. As the
greatest comet on record is really due about this time,
and as the extreme sultriness of the weather would seem
to warrant the belief that such a celestial visitor is near
at hand, we shall be glad to hear if any other persons
have observed the appearance which/ has thrice risen
upon our astonished friends."
R. R. S.
" Deep-mp.ufyed" I have heard many profane
readers of f)a,n Juan despant with rapture on the
beauty o^the lines (pantq 1, y. J23.) :
<? ? Tis sweet to hear the watch- dog's honest bark,
Bay deep-mouthed welcome as we draw near home."
The epithet deep-mouthed, as applied to the
watch-dog's bark of welcome, being especially
designated as " fine." And fine it is ; but Pyron
found it in Shakspeare and in Goldsmith, and I
dare say in many places else :
# And couple Clowder with the deep-mouthed brach."
Taming of the Shrew, Introduction, Sc. 1.
" The laborers of the day -were all retired to rest: the
lights were out in every cottage 5 no sounds were heard
but of the shrilling cock, and the deep-rmouthed watch-
dog at hollow distance." Vicar of Wakefald, ch. :xxj|.
A JpEsufTQRT READER.
Last Words of the Great. A collection of the
last words of great and famous men would, I ven-
ture to suggest, be interesting, and not unfit for
the pages of ' N. & Q." I beg to annex a few
such dying speeches, each eminently characteristic,
it will be seen, of the several men i
" Head of the army." (Napoleon.)
<f I must sleep now." (Byron.)
" Let the light enter." (Goethe.)
1 thank God I have done my duty." (Nelson.)
106
NOTES AND QUEBIES.
NO 32., AUG. 9. '56.
It is well." (Washington.)
" Valete et Plaudite ! " (Augustus.)
" Give Dayrolles a cha*rJ" (Chesterfield.)
" It matters little how the head lieth." (Raleigh.)
" I'm shot if I don't believe I'm dying." (Thurlow.)
" God preserve the Emperor ! " (Haydn.)
"Be serious." (Grotius.) .' 'fT*
" The artery ceases to beat." (Haller.)
" What, is there no bribing Death ? " (Cardinal Beau-
fort.)
"I have loved God, my father, and liberty." (De
Stael.)
" I pray you, see me safe up, and for my coming down,
let me shift for myself." (Sir Thomas More.)
"Don't let that awkward squad fire over my grave."
(Burns.)
" A dying man can do nothing easy." (Franklin.)
" Let me die to the sounds of delicious music." (Mira-
beau.)
" We are all going to heaven, and Vandyke is of the
company." (Gainsborough.)
Some of your correspondents, I have no doubt,
could greatly enlarge this collection. H. E. W.
York.
A Real " Skimpole" The tales of Charles
Dickens are distinguished for queer characters
with queer names. Some of his critics have said
that such names and such characters never ex-
isted. However, in a former number of " N". &
Q.," * an attempt was made to trace the cogno-
mina of some of the Pickwickians to a book of a
very different kind, the Annual Register.
If it be true that the novelist borrows his proper
names from books, may he not be indebted to the
same sources for at least the elements of his
characters ? In reading Marmontel's Memoirs,
I have stumbled upon what seems to me the very
prototype of Harold Skimpole in Bleak House.
The biographer is describing a pair of worthies
called Galet and Panard. Of the latter he says :
" Le bon homme Panard, aussi insouciant que son ami,
aussi oublieux du passe et negligent de 1'avenir, avoit
plutot dans son infortune la tranquillite d'un enfant, que
1'indifFerence d'un philosophe. Le soin de se nourrir, de
se loger, de se vetir, ne le regardoit point : c'etoit Paffaire
de ses amis, et il en avoit d'assez bons pour meriter cette
contiance," &c. Memoires de Marmontel, livre vi.
'All he (Skimpole) asked of society was to let him live.
That wasn't much. His wants were few. Give him the
papers, conversation, music, mutton, coffee, landscape,
fruit in the season, a few sheets of Bristol-board, and a
little claret, and he asked no more. He was a mere child
in the world, but he did not cry for the moon. He said
to the world, ' go your several ways in peace, .... only
let Harold Skimpole live ! '
" All this, and a great deal more, he told us with a
certain vivacious candour, speaking of himself as if it were
not at all his own affair," &c. Bleak House, pp. 49, 50.
F.
Passage in " The Widkirk Miracles" In The
History of Dramatic Poetry, Mr. Collier quotes
that remarkable farce which forms the twelfth
* 1" S. xi. 443.
pageant of the Widkirk Series of Miracles at con-
siderable length, and helps the reader by eluci-
datory notes. In the course of the play the
following passage occurs :
" Whilk catell bot this
Tame nor wylde
None, as have I blys,
As lowde as hesmylde."
To which Mr. Collier appends this note :
" This is one of the expressions I am unable to inter-
pret. Possibly we should read as lewde as he smelde,'
i. e. as wicked as he smelt.' "
May not the following provincialism throw some
light on this obscure phrase ? Something more
than a month ago, I overheard part of a conver-
sation in a street of a midland town. The inter-
locutors were labourers; and their subject, the
one theme of the day, Palmer's trial. The one
having dwelt upon the difficulties of conviction,
the other replied: "I'll never believe he's not
guilty; his life stinks aloud of murder." I at
once thought of this passage, and made a note for
reference, having never before heard the phrase
used in this manner ; although " aloud" is the ad-
verb generally used by the uneducated of this
district to strengthen very emphatically the verb
" to stink."
I suppose the line quoted to be correct as it
stands, "lowde" being the true reading. And in
accordance with the first use of the words, the
passage would mean " strong as were the suspi-
cions attending Mak's conduct, he does not appear
to be guilty." Or accepting the more common,
and less metaphorical use of the phrase, " though
the smell of slaughtered meat in Mak's cottage
was very strong," we can't find any. C. M.
Leicester.
Dr. Forster on Periodical Meteors. Can you
find space for the following extract from The
Times of Tuesday the 5th ? It forms a part of a
letter calling the attention of astronomers and
meteorologists to the probability that Sunday
next, the 10th August, will be marked by an un-
usual number of those remarkable meteors wLich
caused that day to be called " dies meteorosa " in
the old calendars ; and records the writer's cor-
rection of what he believes an erroneous opinion
formerly advanced by him as to their origin.
"As I was the first person who called the attention of
astronomers to the apparently planetoid and periodical
nature of the meteors of the 10th of August and 13th of
November, in a paper in the Philosophical Magazine, as
long ago as 1824, I think it right and honest now to de-
clare that I was wrong in then supposing that these
bodies might have revolving periods. I am convinced by
all my subsequent observations that they are either mere
electrical phenomena, as Pliny and Aratus thought, and
indicate only the autumnal fall of temperature, or else
that they are columns of inflammable vapour set on fire
in the higher regions of the air, as M. De Luc used to
2 U(l S. N 32., AUG. 9. '56.
NOTES AND QUERIES.
107
think, and which he has illustrated in his works on < M6-
te'orologie.' The question may be solved if meteorologists
will take the trouble of making accurate observations on
Saturday, Sunday, and Monday next, when, judging from
former experience, these meteors may be expected in
great numbers. With this view, I hope your valuable
journal will be the means of calling the attention of ob-
servers to this approaching phenomenon all over the
W0 rld. " T. FOKSTEE.
Brussels, August 3."
By-the-bye, is not the writer, Dr. Forster, the
author of the curious Floral Works described in
" N. & Q ," 1 st S. ix. 569., x. 108., and by some of
your contributors supposed to be dead ?
R. R. S.
MB. PATEICK O'KELLY, THE IRISH BARD.
I have just made a careful examination of four
different editions of the poems published under
the name of this individual. First :
" Killarney, a descriptive Poem, by Pat, O'Kelly. 'Ah !
sure no Pencil canjlike Nature paint.' Tompson. Dublin :
printed for the author by P. Hoey, No. 33. Upper Ormond
Quay, 1791." Pp. 136.
In this collection we have " Killarney, and Po-
etical Miscellanies.' Second : The edition of
1824, pp. 110 (the copy I saw had no title-page),
which contains "The Ronian Kaliedoscope, the
Eidophusicon, the Manoscope, the Eidouranium,
the Deodad," &c. &c. Third :
" The Hippacrene ; a collection of Poems by Patrick
O'Kelly, Esq. * Exegi monumentum sere perennius.'
' E'en Magerton himself shall pass away,
Ere the production of the Muse decay.'
Dublin: F. and T. Courtney, Printers, 18. Whitefriars
Street, 1831." Pp. 128.
In this we find several of his old pieces repub-
lished, with some novelties. Among the last the
" Lines to a Plagiarist, or the Daw deplumed,"
deserves particular attention. We quote the
opening lines :
" Hail Mickey Carty ! ! Prince of Pirates hail !
Hail pedant poetaster of Kinsale ;
Hail poacher pedagogue ! and once more hail
Prime peerless plagiarist of poor Kinsale ! !
Proud, perking Daw, the peacock's painted tail
Lent plumes to deck the chatt'rer of Kinsale ! !
Poor purblind, putid pseudo-poet tell
Do Giants' garbs suit puny pigmies well ? " &c. &c.
Third. A part of a compilation of some of the
old poems with additional matter, no date, which
begins at page 105, and ends with page 132.
From the character of the type used in this edi-
tion I should suppose it was published subsequent,
or at all events but a very few years previous, to
the edition of 1831 just noticed.
To return to the edition of 1824. In this we
find the following poem (page 45) :
The Simile,
Written on the beautiful beach of Lehinch, in the county
of Clare : this romantic spot, so long admired by many, is
the property of Andrew Stackpool, Esquire.
"This erudite gentleman is admired by a numerous
circle of friends, and caressed by a grateful tenantry,
being one of the most lenient landlords in this land of
aristocratic peculation."
" My life is like the Summer Rose
That opens to the morning sky,
But ere the shade of evening close
Is scatter'd on the ground to die.
" But on the Rose's humble bed
The sweetest dews of night are shed :
As if she wept such waste to see,
But who ? alas ! shall weep for me ?
" My life is like the autumn leaf
That trembles in the noon's pale ray;
Its hold is frail its date is brief,
Restless, and soon to pass away :
" Yet ere that leaf shall fall and fade
The parent tree shall mourn its shade !
The winds bewail the leafless tree ;
But who shall then bewail for me ?
" My life is like the print which feet
Have left on Lehinch desert strand :
'-' . Soon as the rising tide shall beat,
The track shall vanish from the sand :
" Yet, as if grievous to efface
The vestige of the human race !
On that fond shore loud roars the sea ;
Who, but the Nine, shall roar for me? "
This poem also appears in the edition without
date, page 118, with sundry corrections and im-
provements.
Now this poem, taken either as it originally ap-
peared, or as it afterwards was corrected, I have
good reasons to suppose, was pilfered by O'Kelly
from another. The following lines were published
in Philadelphia in 1815 or 16 (perhaps some of
your Philadelphia correspondents may help me to
the title and exact date of the paper in which they
first appeared), with the name of my late father,
the Hon. Richard Henry Wilde, attached as the
author of them :
" My life is like the summer rose
That opens to the morning sky,
And ere the shades of evening close
Is scattered on the ground to die.
Yet on that rose's humble bed
The softest dews of night are shed,
As if she wept such waste to see
But none shall drop one tear for me !
" My life is like the autumn leaf
That trembles in the moon's pale ray ;
It's hold is frail it's date is brief,
Restless, and soon to pass away ;
Yet when that leaf shall fall and fade
The parent tree will mourn its shade,
The wind bewail the leafless tree,
But none shall breathe a sigh for me !
My life is like the print, which feet
Have left on Sampa's desert strand,
Soon as the rising tide shall beat,
Their track will vanish from the sand j
108
NOTES AND QUERIES.
S. N 82., AUG. 9. '56.
Yet as if grieving to efface
All vestige of tne human race,
On that lone shore loud moans the sea;
But none shall thus lament for me ! "
I have been furnished with the character of
Mr. O'Kelly by my friend R. Shelton Mackenzie,
Esq., of New York, who knew him. If anything
is wanting to this, I have it in the poet's edition
of his works, without date, page 131, where I find
a poem entitled " The Tear," precisely similar
(excepting some fefr corrections necessary in
making the appropriation) to a piece of the same
name written by the late Tom Moore. To this
poem O'Kelly has had the impudence to affix a
date 1768 twelve years before Moore was born!
Mr. Crofton Croker in his Popular Songs of
Ireland, p. 184.$ mentions two editions of O'Kelly's
poems between 1791 and 1824; An edition of
1808, entitled-
" Poems on the Giant's Causeway and Killarney, with
other Miscellanies "
and an edition of 1812, which contained " The
Eudoxologist, or an tthicographical Survey of the
West Parts of Ireland." In the first of these edi-
tions appeared that elegant effusion, " The Litany
of Doneraile," which o l find is repeated in the
edition without date,' page 116. I quote the
opening of this piece :
"Alas! how dismal is my tale,
I lost my watch in Doneraile ;
My Dublin watch, my chain and seal,
Pilfer'd at once in Doneraile.
Mav Fire and Brimstone never fail
To fall in show'rs on Doneraile ;
May all the leading fiends assail
The thieving town of Doneraile," &c. &c.
Now the object of this Note is to ascertain when
O'Kelly first published the poem entitled " The
Simile" as his own. I have not been able to trace
it in his works beyond 1824. Will some of your
correspondents who have the editions mentioned
by Mr. Croker, or other editions of O'Kelly's
Works, be good enough to inform me on this sub-
ject ? WILLIAM GUMMING WILDE.
New Orleans, June 28.
NEW ENGLAND QUERIES.
A person engaged in the s.tudy of the history of
New England in America would be greatly
obliged by information relating to the following
matters.
A copy of the Records of the Virginia Company,
established in 1606 by letters patent of James I.,
was in the hands of Stith, the historian of Vir-
ginia. It was perhaps the same copy which is
mentioned in the Life of Nicholas Ferrar. Is the
original, or a copy of those records, to be found in
England ?
Is anything known of the early history of Ed-
ward Randolph, employed by the British govern-
ment from 1675 to 1684 in an agency for vacating
the charters of Massachusetts, and afterwards as
secretary and collector in that colony ? He had,
perhaps, been previously a clerk in one of the
public offices in London.
Where are the papers (if extant) of Sir Ferdi-
nando Gorges, Governor of Plymouth about 1620,
described as " Sir Ferdinahdo Gorges, of Ashton
Phillips, in Somerset ? "
Does the will of John Cabot, the voyager to
North America, exist in the Will Office at Wor-
cester, or elsewhere ?
Are there any unpublished materials of a nature
to illustrate the connexion of Sir Henry Rogwell,
of Ford Abbey, with the Massachusetts Com-
pany ?
During the first sixty or 'seventy years of the
New England settlements, many conspicuous
Englishmen must have held large correspondence
with the leading men of those colonies, the dis-
covery of which would be of the highest historical
value. Has any such correspondence survived ?
The following names immediately occur iri con-
nexion with this question, viz. Richard, Earl of
Warwick, Lord Say and Sele, Lord Brooke, Sir
George Downing, Sir Henry Vane, Hugh Peters.
[In the British Museum will be found the following
MSS. relating to Sir Ferdinando Gorges : " His Declara-
tion, A.D. 1600-1," Birch and Sloane MS. 4128; "An
Answer to certain Imputations against Sir Ferd. Gorges,
as if he had practised the Ruin of the Earl of Essex,
written in the Gatehouse," Cotton MS. Julitts, F. VI. art.
183 ; " Warrants to him frorh the Earl of Essex, Jan.
1597," Addit. MS. 5752, if. 104-110 ; " Letter to T. Har-
riott," Ibid, 6789 ; " Letter to Sir J. Davis, concerning
his Confession," A.D. 1603, Ibid, 6177, p. 387. Also,
" Papers relating to the Virginia Company, Jac. I.," and
" Notes by Sir J. Csesar of the Patents granted to the said
Company," Ib. 12,496. " Forms of Patents, Grants, &c.,
by the Virginian Companv," Ib. 14,285. " William,
Strachey ; The History of Travaile into Virginia Britan-
nica, expressing the Cosmography and Commodities of the
Country, together with the Manners and Customs of the
People, with several figures coloured," Birch and Sloane
MS. 1622. " Answer to Capt. Nath. Butler's unmasked
face of Virginia, as it was in the winter of 1622," Ibid,
1039. ' The Declaration of the People of Virginia against
Sir William Berkeley and others," Ibid, 4159.]
Husbands authorised to beat their Wives. There
exists what I conceive to be a popular errotj
namely, a belief that a husband is by the common
law of Erigland authorised to chastise his wife ;
and Judge Buller is often quoted; as having given
it as his judgment that the husband is justified in
administering personal chastisement to his better
half, provided he uses a Stick no thicker than his
little finger, or, as 86rfie seterer disciplinarians
s . NO 32, AUG. 9. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
109
say, his thumb. Is there any foundation for
either of these statements ? HENPECKED.
Dr. Brays Libraries in America, frc.^ The
inquiry made through your pages respecting pa-
rochial libraries in England, having met with
much attention from many valuable correspond-
ents, permit me to extend the Query originally
made in " N. & Q." from England to America,
where, we are informed*, Dr. Bray "begun and
advanced libraries more or less in all the pro-
vinces on the Continent (of America), as also in
the factories in Africa." Some of your American
correspondents will no doubt be happy to reply to
an inquiry which will show the present state of
these libraries, and their good efivct.s in promoting
religion and learning. I find the following places
mentioned as having had libraries established in
them by the care and exertions of Dr. Bray, who
received thanks on account of them ; Maryland,
Boston, Baintree, Newfoundland, Rhode Island,
New York, Philadelphia, North Carolina, Ber-
mudas, Annapolis, the Factories in Africa.
J. M.
Oxford.
" Antonio Foscarini." Who is the author of
Antonio Foscarini, a historical drama, published in
1836 ? R. J.
James Stringer. Could any of your Cambridge
readers give me information regarding James
Stringer, author of A Cantab' s Leisure, prose and
verse, published at London in 1829 ? I think the
author was of Emmanuel College. R. J.
Queen Charlotte's Drinking Glass. Can any of
your readers authenticate the following? It is
extracted froiri a letter from one Jdmes Heming,
containing an account of George Ill.'s coronation :
" Our friend Harry, who was upon the scaffold, at the
return of the procession, closed In with- the rear ; at the
expence of half a guinea was admitted into the hall ; got
brimfull of his majesty's claret, and in the universal
plunder, brought off the glass her majesty drank in, which
is placed in the beaufet as a valuable curiosity."
C. J. DOUGLAS.
Inscription for a Watch.
" Could biit our tempers move like this machine,
Not nrg'd by passion nor delay'd b't spleen 1 ;
And true to nature's regulating power;
By virtuous acts distinguish every hour:
Then health and joy would follow, as they ought,
The laws of motion and the laws of thought;
Sweet health to pass the present moments o'er,
And everlasting joy, when time shall be nti more."
Scots' Magazine, Oct. 1747.
Who 1 is likely to be the author of these fine
verses ? G. N.
' "Think of me* Who is the author of the
lines "Think of me," given in Sir Roland Ashton,
* Blog. Britan.
and where were they originally published? I
give the first stanza :
" Go where the water glideth gently ever,
Glideth by meadows that the greenest be;
Go forth beside our own beloved river
And think of me."
X.ft.
'Charles Verral. Could any of your readers
give me any information regarding Charles Verral,
author (besides other works) of a poem called The
Pleasures of Possession, published in 1810 ? R. J.
Early Memoirs of Dr. Johnson. Is it known
who was the author of a small 12mo. volume, pub-
lished within a few months of Johnson's death,
under the title of
Memoirs of the Life and Writings of the late Dr. Sa-
muel Johnson, containing many valuable original Letters,
and several interesting Anecdotes both 6f his Literary and
Social Connexions. The whole authenticated by living
Evidence. London, 1785."
J. E. M.
Prayer for Unity. Is it known who wrote the
touching " Prayer for Unity," which appears in
our present office for the 20th of June, being the
day oil which Her Majesty began her happy reign ?
It is not contained in the form of 1704, as, printed
in Reeling's Liturgies Britannicce. A. A. D.
Dream-Boohs. Dr. Mackay tells us, in his
Popular Delusions, that the maxims of the pseudo-
science of oheirology have been so imperfectly re-
membered, that at the present day they differ in
different countries^ and the same dream which
delights the peasant in England terrifies him in
France or Switzerland. Cati your readers put
me in the way of obtaining a few of the dream-
books in circulation among the credulous on the
Continent ?
Notes are desired on the bibliography of dream-
books during the last two centuries, to link the
works of Arternidorus, Astampsychus, and Ach-
met, with the Seven Dials' publications of the
present day.
Communications through the medium of " N. &
Q-," or privately to the care of the editor^ will
oblige R. T. SCOTT.
Instrument of Torture.
" Late heavy rains at Jamaica have exposed an instru-
ment of torture made! of iron hoops, with screws, and so
constructed as to fit the largest or smallest person ; at-
tached to it are manacles for the Hahds. The inside of
the kriee-bars, and thfe resting-place for the soles of the
ffeet, dre studded with sp'ikes. When found, the perfect
skeleton of A negress was enclosed in the instrument."
The above statement coining from a reliable
source, it itify be asked If at arij' tJm'e in the En-
glish West India Isla'hds? ins'trtiiiieh'ts of torture
w^re appllfed (6 ttates ? And If so, for what
crimes ? W. W.
Malta.
110
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd g. NO 32., AUG. 9. '56.
Merthyr Tydvil What is known of the his-
tory of Merthyr Tydfil prior to 1740 ? Was it
an insignificant village immediately before Bacon
commenced iron-making there ? A friend in-
forms me that a hundred years ago letters^were
brought to Merthyr by an old woman *from
Brecon. Can any correspondent of " N.^& Q."
give the old mail routes, naming the principal
post towns at that period, 170'0 to 1740 ?
KARL.
Author of the " Voice of the Rod." Can any
of the readers of " N. & Q." favour me with the
full reading of the initials " L. N." of the following
work :
" The Voice of the Rod, or God's Controversie pleaded
with Man, being a plain and brief Discourse on Mich. vi.
9., by L. N. t philomaths*. London : printed for Walter
Dight, Bookseller in Exeter, 1668. 12mo., pp. 288."
There are prefixed a " Dedication to the In-
finite, Eternal, and All wise God," &c., and an
"Address to the Readers," dated " Ab Eremis
meis, Aug. 28, 1666."
The discourse is a very serious one, and appears
to have reference to the Plague in London, 1665,
and to the Fire, 1666. By these dreadful ca-
lamities the progress of the author's work in some
of its departments had been impeded, as at the
end of it, he adds a " Postscript to the Readers : "
" Sirs, If anything in these sheets seem to be born
out of due time, know that they have had a hard Travail.
They were at first prepared for 1665, but through the as-
tonishing difficulty of our late Junctures, the Author's
unbefriended Obscurity, and want of those Minerval
powers which are now become essentially requisite in such
cases, they have lingered hitherto," &c.
Hogarth's Folly. Hogarth, about the time of
his marriage, painted a very spirited representa-
tion of " Folly."
The subject, says Hinckley, " was composed of
twelve figures : six of males, and a like number
of females. The landscape gorgeous."
Is anything known of this painting, or has it
been engraved ? PETO.
The Elms.
Arnold of Westmmster, In 1680, July 17,
one John Giles was convicted, the government
having offered a reward of 100Z. for his apprehen-
sion, of assaulting and wounding dangerously on
the previous April 17, in Bell Yard, Temple Bar,
John Arnold, Esq. In 1688, one Arnold, the
king's brewer, was of the jury on the trial of the
bishops ; and in one of the Letters of the Herbert
Family, he is called Captain Arnold ; and is said
to have a considerable party to support him in
his wish to represent Westminster in parliament.
In 1692, John Arnold, Esq., was member for
Southwark ; and Nicholas Arnold was a gentle-
man pensioner.
In 1708, Nehemia Arnold was paymaster of
malt tickets. In, or previously, and perhaps sub-
sequently to 1722, Nehemia Arnold, Esq., was
living in Westminster.
Can any reader of " N. & Q." inform me if any
and what family connexions exist amongst these
Arnolds, or give me any particulars of any of
them ? N. N.
New York Murder Congrelaticosualists.
Permit me to ask, if you or any of your readers
can satisfy my curiosity on either of the two fol-
lowing points ?
1. You are probably acquainted with the Tales
of Mystery and Imagination, by the late American
poet, Edgar Allan Poe. In one of these, entitled
" The Mystery of Marie Roget," the author, under
pretence of describing the murder of a Parisian
grisette, analyses the particulars of the murder
of a New York cigar girl. It is stated in a note
that the subsequent confessions of two people con-
nected with the New York murder completely
verified the conclusion to which Poe, by analysis,
had come.
Can anybody tell me where I can find an ac-
count of the New York murder ; or tell me the
real names, dates, and fate of the murderers?
The murder was committed before November
1842, as that is the date of Poe's tale in Marie
Roget.
2. Secondly, you will find in one of Sydney
Smith's Essays on America (p. 240. of the 8vo.
edition, in one volume), in a list of the places of
worship in Philadelphia, one mentioned as belong-
ing to a sect called " the Congrelaticosualists''
I have never met with this word anywhere else.
It is not to be found in any dictionary. Nor can
I conceive what its derivation can be, or from the
words of what language it can be compounded, if
it be a compound. The best scholars with whom
I have had the opportunity of conversing can
give me no information. If the meaning or de-
rivation be not known, can any one give me in-
formation as to the peculiar tenets, &c., of the
sect ? T. H. D.
The Kalends or Calends at Bromyard. In a
short visit to Herefordshire I was struck with the
name which the inhabitants of Bromyard gave to
a long narrow footpath enclosed with high walls,
and leading to the churchyard ; they called it the
Kalends or Calends. I could not find out the
precise spelling of the word, and no one seemed to
know much about it. Can any of your readers
enlighten me on the subject, or as to the origin of
the word? Perhaps it is a mere provincialism,
but it struck me there might be some connection
between this singular name and the Calendar (or
Kalandar) ; in what way I would not, however,
presume to say. R. PATTISOF.
Torrington Square,
2nd S. NO 32., AUG. 9. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
Ill
Letter of Charles II. to the Queen of Bohemia
I have in my possession a letter in the auto-
graph of Charles II., of which the following is a
copy :
" Paris, Aprill 16.
" Madame,
"I could not lett this bearer ray Ld. Wentworth goe,
without giueing your Ma tie the trouble of a letter, and to
left your Ma tie know that I send him to the K. of Den-
marke to desire his assistance, and recommendation to the
States on my behalfe, I will not say any more at present,
because I haue commanded the bearer to giue your Ma tie
an account of all that's a doeing heere, only to desire
your Ma tie to giue credite to him, and to me that I am,
" Madame,
" Your Ma ties most humble
and most affectionate
nephew and seruant,
" CHARLES R."
The letter bears a small seal, and is endorsed,
" For the Queene of Bohemia my Deare Aunt."
Queries. Can any of your readers determine
or conjecture the year in which this letter was
written ? Is there any account of Charles apply-
ing to the " K. of Denmarke, to desire his as-
sistance ? " Who is meant by " the bearer my
Ld. Wentworth ? " An early answer would be
very acceptable. Vox.
Were Charles I. and Oliver Cromwell distant
Cousins f What authority has the writer of the
amusinor and interesting article on the " Causes of
the Civil War," in the newly published number of
the Quarterly Review, p. 109., for the assertion of
the relationship which forms the subject of this
Query, and is declared in the following passage ?
" In addition to Sir Oliver the Golden Knight ' (Sir
Henry Cromwell) left five sons and five daughters. It is
a singular circumstance that from his children should
have sprung the two most famous leaders in the great
rebellion, for his second daughter was the mother of
Hampden, as his second son Robert was the father of the
Protector. Another curious circumstance is that Robert
married a widow, Mrs. Lynne, whose maiden name was
Steward, and who came of the royal race. The fact is
now established beyond question that Charles I. and
Oliver Cromwell were distant cousins. The Protector
certainly did not exaggerate his descent when he said in
a speech to his first Parliament, * I was by birth a gen-
tleman ; living neither in any considerable height, nor
yet in obscurity."
C. 0. C.
" Obnoxious. 1 " What is the meaning of the
word obnoxious? Walker says "liable." Why
then do almost all modern authors, including
Macaulay and, I think, Dickens, use it in the
sense of " disagreeable" or " disgusting ?" * S. B.
Belper.
" Titan's GoUet." Will you, or some one of
your readers, oblige me with the locus in quo I can
find anything relative to the "Titan's goblet?"
[* The various senses in which obnoxious is used has
been incidentally noticed in our 1* S, viii. 439.]
I am possessor of a remarkable picture of this
title and subject, painted by the late Thomas
Cole, whose classic reading may have furnished
the subject, but whose own poetic capacity was so
large, that he (artistically speaking) invented his
own subjects and painted them, epic, fanciful, and
dramatic.
Should this Query find answer I will gladly
send you a Note of the treatment of the subject.
J. M. F.
New York.
William the Conqueror's Joculator. In Speci-
mens of early English Metrical Romances, chiefly
written during the early part of the 14th Century,
by George Ellis, Esq., speaking of the minstrels,
he says :
" They were obliged to adopt various modes of amusing,
and to unite the mimic and the juggler, as a compensation
for the defects of the musician and poet. Their rewards
were in some cases enormous, and prove the esteem in
which they were held ; though this may be partly as-
cribed to the general thirst after amusement, and the
difficulty of the great in dissipating the tediousness of
life."
He then states that William the Conqueror as-
signed three parishes in Gloucestershire as a gift
for the support of his Joculator, and adds :
" This may, perhaps, be a less accurate measure of the
minstrel's accomplishments than of the monarch's power,
and of the insipidity of his court." Ellis, vol. i. p. 19.,
&c.
"Three parishes in Gloucestershire" must at
any time have been an immense donation for
almost any services one can imagine ; and I should
be much obliged to any reader of " 1ST. & Q." to
point out which were these three parishes, and the
name of the fortun&iQ joculator, if it has descended
to posterity. A.
" Wheel for the Borough of Milborn Port? I
have a small old print, of which the following is a
description.
The figure of a wheel, about three inches in
diameter, round the edge of which is the follow-
ing : " (ix) Antient (viii) Wheel (vu) for (vi)
the (v) Borrough (mi) of (m) Milborn (u)
Port (i)." Nine names, representing the spokes
of the wheel, commence opposite the numerals,
each meeting in the centre, and each divided by
a wave line. The names, commencing with No. 1.,
are, " William Carent, William Raymond, Robert
Gerrard, William Caldecut, John Huddy, James
Hannam, Roger Saunders, George Millborn."
Milborn Port (Somerset), to which this figure
probably refers, was formerly one of the principal
towns in the southern part of the county, and for
a very long period sent two members to parlia-
ment. It was one of the "rotten boroughs"
swept away by the Reform Bill.
Queries. What is the meaning of this "as
il*
NOTES AND QUERIES.
S. NO 32., AUG. 9. '5 6.
tient wheel," and Jias it any reference to the
election of officer! for the borough ? From the
appearance of this curious figure, it seems to have
been printed about the close of the seventeenth
century. Perhaps one of your Somersetshire
readers can throw light on the subject, and also
state whether any of the above-named persons
hare descendants notv living in Milborn Port ?
Vox.
Apostle Spoons. What is their origin and
history ? W. T.
Oxford.
[We believe the earliest notice of the apostle spoons
occurs in an entry on the books of the Stationers' Com-
pany in the year 1500, " A spoyne of the gyfte of Master
Reginold Wolfe, all gylte with the pycture of St. John."
Mr. Pegge in his Preface to A 'Forme of Cury, a Roll of
Ancient Cookery, has offered the following conjecture as
to the origin of this baptismal present. He observes,
that " the general mode of eating must either have been
with the spoon or the fingers ; and this, perhaps, may
have been the reason that spoons became the usual present
from gossips, to their god-children at christenings." The
practice of sponsors giving spoons at christenings seems
to have been first observed in the reign of Elizabeth;
previously it was the mode to present gifts of a different
kind. Hall, who has written a minute account of the
baptism of Elizabeth, 1558, informs us that the gifts pre-
sented by the sponsors were a standing cup of gold, and
six gilt bowls, with covers. But in the first year of
Queen Elizabeth, Howes, the continuator of Stow's Chro-
nicle, says that " at this time, and for many }'eeres before,
it was not the use and custome, as now it is [1631] for
godfathers and godmothers generally to give plate at the
baptism of children (as spnones, cups, and such like), but
only to give christening shirts, with little hands and cuffs
wrought either with silk or blue thread; the best of
them for chief persons weare edged with a small lace of
blaoke silke and golde; the highest price of which' for
great men's children were seldom above a noble, and the
common sort two, three, or four and five shillings a-piece."
An allusion to apostle spoons occilrs in a collection of
anecdotes, entitled " Merry Passages and Jeasts," quoted
by Malone from Harl. MS. 6395: " Shakspeare was god-
father to one of Ben Jonson's children, and after the
christening, being in deepe study, Jonson came to cheer
him up, and ask'd him why he was so melancholy. 'No
'faith, Ben,' says he, ' not I ; but I have been considering
a great while what should be the fittest gift for me to
bestow upon my godchild, and I have resolv'd at last.'
' I pr'ythee, what? ' says he. ' Pfaith, Ben, I'll give him
a douzen good Latten. [Latin] spoons^ and thou shalt
translate them.'"]
Clergy buried with Face towards the Wett.
The other day, on visiting the chapel of St. Ed-
mund Hall, Oxford, I observed that the lozenge-
shaped stones, on which were inscribed the names
of Former principals, were placed facing the west,
iristead of towards the east, the lisUal custom.
A friend tells trie that it is by no means an tin-
usual practice in the North of England to bury
the clergy with the face towards the west, in the
manner above-mentioned, in order that they
may meet their flocks on the morning of the great
day, and conduct them to the tribunal. Is this! a
custom peculiar to the North of England?
OXONIENSIS.
[This custom has been noticed in our !* S. ii. 408.
452., where our correspondent will find that it is not pe-
culiar to the North of England; bttt has been observed in>
various parts of Christendom since the seventeenth cen-
tury.]
St. Pancras. Can you inform me in what
church in Exeter there is a brass of St. Pancras?
Also, in what church in Lewes, Sussex, there is a
painted window of St. Pancras ? What church in
France contains a brass of this saint ? Is there am
engraving of any of them ? The Rev. Edward
White, M.A., of St. Paul's Chapel, Kentish Town,,
gave a lecture, " The Life and Times of St. Pan-
cras, the Boy Martyr under Diocletian." I want
to procure an engraving of that saint ? R.j
[ Perhaps the' best representation of St. Pancras is inj
the magnificent brass of Prior Nelond, in the church flj*
Cowfold in the neighbourhood of West Grinstead, of whicbj
a lithographic drawing is given in Horsfield's History af\
Lewes, vol. i. p. 239. St. Pancras, the patron saint of the!
Lewes priory, is represented standing upori A pinnacle!
with a palm branch in his right hand, a book in his '"*
and treading on a warrior with his drawri sword.]
Arms in Severn Stoke Church. To what
mily does the following coat of arms belong
Gules, a fess between six cross crosslets, or. They
are from an old painted window in the parisbj
church of Severn Stoke, Worcestershire. This!
church has what I think must be a very ran
thing, an original stone altar as used before thj
time of the Reformation. CERVUS
[The above coat of arms belongs to the Beaucharrtp's^
Earls of Warwick. In Atkyns's Gloucestershire we title*
that Richard de Beauchamp married for his first \Htf
Elizabeth, heiress of Thomas Lord Berkeley. He die*
17th Henry VI., 1439, and was buried in the Collegiati
Church of 'Warwick. The cross crosslets are the arms o!
Berkeley, whu-h he added to his own. The same arhi<j
are in a window of Kingsbury Church, Warwickshire!
See Dugdale's Warwickshire, pp. 391. and 1061., editH
1730.]
POUND AND MIL SCHEME.
(2 nd S. i. 491.)
I have taken it for granted, upon tne authority
of more writers than one, that what is now calle<
the pound and mil scheme was originated by th i
anonvmous Mercator, in The Pamphleteer fo^
I8l4. I had never seen this work; but, learning
from MB. YATES'S communication, tp. you thai
Mr. Slater nad reprinted Mercator in his Inquiry
&c., I examined the reprint, and I found tha
Mercator's scheme is not what is now advocate*
. N 82., AUG. 0. '56.]
NOTES AND QUEBIES,
113
by the great majority of those who are trying to
decimalise our coinage, It is true that Mercator
has a pound in his system, and a mil for its thou-
sandth part. But his pound is not our pound.
Now if there be any one character of the current
pound and mil scheme which is more its distinc-
tive constituent than another, it is the doctrine
that the present sovereign is to be unaltered in
value. Consequently, it' Mercator advocated a
sovereign or pound of anything but twenty parts
out of twenty-one of the guinea current in his
time, he did not propose'our present pound and
mil scheme. Now without any arithmetic at all,
except an eye to see which is the greater and
which the less of two sums, it can be made ap-
parent that Mercator proposed a smaller pound
than we now have. His ounce troy is the common
one ; and his proposition is to coin this ounce troy
intb pounds at the rate of 4Z. Is. 4^d. to the ounce.
Now we coin the ounce into 31. 17s. 10|e?. Con-
sequently, Mercator gives a lighter Sovereign than
that we now have. But it has also more alloy in it.
Our standard gold has one twelfth part of alloy :
and his has one tenth. In both ways, then, he de-
preciated the pound. And not only did he do
this, but he gave a reason for it, as follows :
" There are various other points and arguments, poli-
tical as well as commercial, on this subject, which are
hot; however, necessary to be discussed at present ; suf-
fice it, to say that they are all in favour of the proposed
standard, &c. &c., which, indeed, must of necessity take
place to enable government to resume the coinage, and
also because our coin hi its present proportions and re-
Ilitive values of Mint prices with those of the Continent
will be constantly drained as soon as issued. Therefore
the absolute necessity of a new standard, &c., to restore
the permanency of circulating medium in the legal coin
of the realm."
Mercator, then, is a writer whose etceteras are
very significant. They include nothing less than
a depreciation of the gold coin, and an alteration
in the relative Mint prices of gold and silver.
But your readers should remember that the Creed
of the present advocates of poUnd-and-iiiil decimali-
sation is; There is no pound but the po',und, and
the mil is its thousandth part. A. DE MORGAN.
HOLLY, TtiE ONLY INDIGENOUS EVERGREEN TREE.
(2 nd S. i. 399. 443. 502. ; ii. 56.)
MR. FRERE and H. J. have brought forward a
host of authorities to back their opinions' ; but if
they are satisfied, with all due deference^ I am
ndt. Let me for the present confine my case' to
the box alone. I will, if necessary, orl atibther
occasion defend my p'dsition a's to (he yew. I give
a long extract from ohe of my grandfather's
papers iii the Gent. Mag. (p. 666.), in the year
87. As MR. FRERE says he has been able to
see this volume, I am at a loss to understand how
it is he so easily puts aside the authorities that
satisfied my grandfather, and that years since con-
vinced me, that the box is nbt an indigenous tree.
Dr. Lindley, also, will nofr, I hope, know that
the box has ere this " been suspected of being a
foreigner." I have great respect for the modern
authorities quoted ; but in this case, not less is
my respect for the older ones here produced by
my grandfather. Omitting some remarks on the
box not relevant to this question, he says :
" Asserius Menevensis observes, in his Life of Alfred,
that ' Berrocscire (Berkshire) taliter vocatur a Berroc
silva ubi Buxus abuudantissime nascitur.' This writer,
perhaps, remembered the Hebrew word Berosch, which is
the name of a tree often mentioned in the Bible, but it is
of very doubtful signification. It hath been by some
translated a box-tree; by others, an ash or larch; and
the Septiiagint, in their vague manner, render it, in
various places, by no less than six differerit kinds of trees
(Hillerii Hierophyticon.de Arbor, cap. 39.) f We strongly
Suspect this wood of box-trees in Berkshire to be ima-
ginary ; for we have not hitherto been able to discover this
tree in any place where there was the least doubt of its hot
being. planted ; probably one reason why it is not so much
dispersed as the yew is, because the seeds are not eaten
and disseminated by birds. A remarkable instance of its
confined state appears at the extensive plantation of this
tree at Box Hill, in Surrey, where not a plant is to be seen,
in any of the adjoining fields; and after close inspection,
we could scarcely find a young seedling, but the succes-
sion supports itself, when cut, by rising again from the
old steins, like a coppice. Tradition attributes this noble
work to an Earl of Arundel. How few possessors of such
useless wastes have' left behind them so valuable an ex-
ample of their patribtic pursuits. .
" Our oldest botanists agree with us in supposing this
tree not to be a native. ' Ther groweth,' says Turner, ' in
the mountains in Germany great plenty of boxe wild,
without any setting, but in England it groweth not alone
by itself in any place that I know.' " Herbal, 1586.
" Boxe delighteth to grow upon high cold mountains,
as upon the hils and deserts of Switzerland* and Savoye,
and other like places, where it groweth plentifully. Ifi
this countrie they plant both kinds in some gardens." Lyte's
Herball, 1586.
" Gerard would have done well to have specified those
* sundry waste and barren hils in Englartd? on which he
asserts it grew in his time, Evelyh affirms, ' that these
trees rise naturally at Boxley, in Kent, in abundance ; ' and
succeeding writers have too hastily followed him : for in
a tour thro' that county, we called at this village, and,
on examination of the neighbouring woods, arid strictest
enquiry of those who were best acquainted with therii,
we were thoroughly convinced that his assertion was
totally grourldless.* To say the truth, we .were not
greatly disappointed, as we recollected what Lambarde
had said long before Evelyn's time : 'Boxley may take the
name of the Saxon word' Boxeleage, for trie, sibre of box-
trees that peradventure sometime grew there' Peramb'ula-
ttohofKent, 1376."
My grandfather Concludes with an afgurrient
that I think is a sound one, namely, that ail
trees and shrubs whose names' are derived from
the Latin are not with us indigenous, because
* The harries of places beginriing with box may full as
probably be derived from' the Saxon 6oq or boccet a be'ech
tree; or from btic, a buck/ as from the box tree;
114
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2 nd S. NO 32., AUG. 9. '56.
the others, which are undoubted natives, still
keep their Teutonic or Saxon names ; as the oak,
ash, beech, maple, hazel, birch, holly, &c. The
trees probably brought from Italy, he says, are
the box (Buxus), the elm ( Ulmus} ; the indige-
nous having a Saxon name, Wych hazel ; service
(Sorbus), poplar (Populus), &c.
I hope I have now given good reasons for my
first assertion, that the box, at any rate, is in all
probability not indigenous. A. HOLT WHITE.
BOTTLES FILLED BY PRESSURE OF THE SEA.
(2 nd S. i. 493.)
Your correspondent JOHN HUSBAND, who
wishes for information respecting the statements
of the Rev. John Campbell in his Travels in South
Africa in 1815, and also the account given by
Captain S. Spowart of the " Wilberforce," of ^ex-
periments made by him in 1855, will find allusions
to the phenomenon by various writers ; among
others I beg to refer him to vol. i. Bridge-water
Treatises, page 345, where Dr. Buckland, treating
of the pressure at different depths of the sea, says
that
"Captain Smyth, R.N., found on two trials that the
cylindrical copper air-tube under the vane attached to
Massev's log collapsed and was crushed quite flat under
the pressure of about 300 fathoms (1800 feet). A claret
bottle filled with air and well corked was burst before it
descended 400 fathoms. He also found that a bottle
filled with fresh water and corked had the cork forced in
at about 180 fathoms."
He also refers to a personal statement made to
him by Sir Francis Beaufort, who had often made
the experiment with corked bottles, some of them
being empty, and others containing some fluid.
But the result was various :
" The empty bottles were sometimes crushed, at others
the cork was forced in, and the fluid exchanged for sea
water. The cork was always returned to the neck of the
bottle ; sometimes, but not always, in an inverted posi-
tion."
Let me also refer your correspondent to that
magnificent book, The Geological Observer, by
Sir Henry de la Beche, where he will find obser-
vations respecting differences of pressure at dif-
ferent depths of the sea, which will satisfy him
that the statements respecting the bottles are not
at all incredible. Sir Henry computes the pres-
sure at a depth of 100 feet to be 60 pounds to
the square inch, including that of the atmosphere,
while at 4000 feet the pressure would be about
1830 pounds to the square inch.
Speaking of animals which inhabit very deep
seas he says :
" It has been observed that the air or gas in the swim-
ming bladders of those brought up from a depth of about
3300 feet (under a pressure of about 100 atmospheres), in-
creased so considerably in volume as to force the swim-
ming bladder, stomach, and other adjoining parts, outside
the throat in a balloon-formed mass."
Thus we see that the claret bottle collapses in
the deep sea, while the air-bottle of the deep sea
fish expands until it bursts when it reaches the
upper regions.
The author of the Geological Observer refers to
Pouillet, Elemens de Physique Experimental,
vol. i. p. 188. confirmatory of the above fact, and
adds that Dr. Scoresby in his Arctic Regions,
vol. ii. p. 193., relates that in a whaling expedition
on one occasion a boat was pulled down to a con-
siderable depth by a whale, after which the wood
became too heavy to float, the sea water having
forced itself into the pores. He then refers to the
Reports of the British Association, vol. xii., in
which the researches of Professor E. Forbes are
recorded. Before concluding, let me add that
some have supposed the porousness of the glass
would sufficiently account for the phenomenon of
the empty bottle becoming filled with water and
yet the cork remaining in the same position, and
even the wax which covered it unbroken. But
it seems to me more probable that the pressure,
when not sufficient to break the bottle, might yet
be enough to reduce by compression the size of
the cork and the covering of wax, thus giving
space for the water to enter, which would readily
under such pressure rush through the minutest
inlet : the wine would keep the cork in its original
position, and, on being drawn up, expansion to its
former bulk would be instantaneous. But this is
only a guess. E. FLOOD WOODMAN.
London.
TEMPLE AT BAALBEC.
(2 nd S. ii. 49.)
The origin of this temple is involved in ob-
scurity ; the present structural remains are of
the Corinthian Order chiefly, including probably
the church erected by Constantino (Eusebius,
Const., iii. 58.*; Eusebius, Oral, Const, c. 18.;
Sozomen, v. 10., vii. 15. ; Greg., Abulpharagii
Hist. Compend. Dynast., p. 85.). There is no
evidence of its erection by Solomon, as ** the
house of the forest of Lebanon " (1 Kings, vii. 2.)
or Baalhamon (Sol. Song, viii. 11.). "When we
consider," says Volney (v. ii. c. 29.), " the extra-
ordinary magnificence of the Temple of Balbek,
we cannot but be astonished at the silence of the
Greek and Roman authors." John of Antioch
(Malala) says that " .ZElius Antoninus Pius built
a great temple to Jupiter at Heliopolis, near Li-
banus in Phrenicia, which was one of the wonders
of the world " (Hist. Chron., lib. xi.).
* Otitov evKTTJpiov eKKAijo-tas re /neyiarov nal irapa TOI
caTa/3aXXo|U,evos- w? TO ^TJ ex TOV vavrfa rrov aiwvos 0x077 -y
o-6ev vOf TOVTO irpurov epyov rvx^v"
2 nd S. N 32., AtiG/9. '56.].
NOTES AND QUERIES.
115
Here is the tomb of Saladin (Nugent, ii. 197.).
It is mentioned by Pliny (Nat. Hist., v. 20.), by
Ptolemy (Geog., pp. 106. 139.), and in the Itine-
rary of Antoninus, as Diospolis and Heliopolis.
Notices are to be found also in Pococke's Travels
in Syria, Maundrell's Journey, De la Roque's
Travels, Rennell's Geog. W. Asia, Wood and
Dawkins' Ruins of Balbec, Wilson's Lands of
the Bible, and Herbelot's Bibliotheque Orientale.
From the last it appears that the evidence of
coins is in favour of the constitution of Heliopolis
into a colony by Julius Caesar.
The name of the place, Baalbec, means " the
Lord's, or Governor's, city." The worship of Baal
is repeatedly referred to in Scripture. Baal forms
a constituent of the words Ithobal, Jerubaal, Han-
nibal, Hasdrubal, Baal-berith, Beelzebub, Baal-
Peor, Beelsamen, &c. Freytag's explanation of
the word "Baal" is
" Maritus et Uxor. Omne id quod datur propter pal-
marum rigationem ; Palma mas ; Onus, res gravis ; Terra
elatior a pluvia semel anni spatio irrigata, opposita iis
regionibus quse arte tantum irrigantur. Nomen idoli.
Item dialect. Arabics felicis Dominus, herus, possessor."
This etymology brings Baalbec into connection
with Tadmor or Palmyra in reference to the
palm tree, from which Phoenicia and the fabulous
Phcenix also derived their names.
T. J. BUCKTON.
Lichfield.
THOMAS SIMON, THE MEDALLIST.
(2 nd S. i. 477.)
I feel much obliged to Jos. G. of the Inner
Temple for pointing out to my attention the three
articles in the Numismatic Chronicle on this sub-
ject ; and I also take this opportunity of thanking
an anonymous correspondent, who communicated
the same information to me by letter, shortly
after my first inquiry in " N. & Q."
If Jos. G. will refer to that article, he will find
that the complaint against Peter de Beauvoir,
bailiff of Guernsey, is supposed by me to have
been written about the year 1655, not " 1665,"
as quoted by Jos. G. The exact date I am at
present unable to give, as the original document
bears none; but on reference to the records of
the Royal Court of this island, I find that Thomas
Simon had a lawsuit in that year (1655) with
John Fautrart, Jun., his wife's uncle, arising out
of a claim which she made to a share of the per-
sonal estate of her grandfather, John Fautrart,
Sen. In January and February, 1653-4, Thomas
Simon, in the right of his wife, was party con-
jointly with the other co-heirs in actions against
John Fautrart, Jun., concerning the division of the
real property of John Fautrart, Sen., deceased, in
the islands of Guernsey and Serk. The parties
are thus described in the preamble to the sen-
tences rendered by the Court :
" Monsieur Jan Fautrart, aisne de feu Monsieur Jan
Fautrart, son pere, amercy vers Monsieur Pierre Careye,
procureur du Sieur Thomas Simon, a cause de sa femme,
fille et seule heritiere de feu le Sieur Cardin Fautrart, et
les Sieurs Thomas de Sausmarez, principal heritier de
feue Dame Bertranne Fautrart, sa mere, et Jan Renouf,
procureur d'Isaac Gibault, Jun r , aisne de feue Dame Jane
Fautrart, sa mere, les dits Cardin, Bertranne et Jane
Fautrart, enfants du dit feu Sieur Fautrart, leur pere."
It is rather singular that none of these docu-
ments gives us the Christian name of Thomas
Simon's wife ; but this is supplied by a contract
registered in the Greffe or Record Office of the
island, on Feb. 10, 1635-6, by which John Fau-
trart, Jun., as guardian of his niece Elizabeth,
daughter of Cardin Fautrart, buys in her name a
field and certain wheat-rents.
Since my first communication to " N. & Q.," a
careful search among the records of the Royal
Court of Guernsey has put it into my power to
explain how Thomas Simon and Peter de Beauvoir
stood to each other in the relationship of cousins -
german, and has also revealed the facts that
Simon's mother was a Guernsey woman, and his
father a native of London.
On October 5, 1613, " Monsieur Pierre Simon,
fils Pierre, natif de la cite de Londres, au droit de
sa femme, fille de feu Gilles Germain" sells certain
wheat-rents. Another contract of the same date
gives the Christian name of his wife, which was
Anne; and we also gather from it that Gilles
Germain had five other daughters. One of these
was Judith, wife of James de Beauvoir; another
was Marie, wife of Peter Careye ; and another
Marguerite, who died unmarried. The names of
the other two are as yet unknown to me. The
following pedigree will make the relationship be-
tween Thomas Simon and Peter de Beauvoir
clear :
Gilles Germain.
!
Judith,
wife of James de Beauvoir.
Peter de Beauvoir.
Anne,
wife of Peter Simon.
Thomas Simon.
Whether Peter Simon belonged to any branch
of the Guernsey family of that name may be still
considered doubtful. He may have been de-
scended from some French refugee ; but I think
that the fact of his being styled in the contract
above referred to, " son of Peter," in addition to
" native of the city of London," affords a strong
presumption that his father was known in Guern-
sey, and very probably belonged to the island.
In legal documents of that date strangers are
usually described in general terms as " natif des
parties d'Angleterre," or " de JSTormandie," as the
case may be.
116
NOTES AND QUERIES.
NO 32., AUG. 9. '56.
As to Thomas Simon's silence in his will as to
any property in Guernsey or claim thereto, it is
easily explained by the fact that at that time the
law of the island did not permit of bequests of
real property to children, and the claim to the
personal property of John Fautrart, Sen,, had
been settled long before.
Is the date qi Abraham Simon's death known ?
May nqt Pegge have confounded him with his
brother Thomas? especially as he also was a
modeller and engraver. ANON.
THE TEN COMMANDMENTS.
(2 nd S. ii. 79.)
I am requested by 0. 7. 5. to give the editiqns,
dates, &c., pf the Catholic catechisms used by au-
thority in this country, in which the Command-
ments are taught at length. There are only two
authorised catechisms in use in England. These
are the abridged Douay Catechism, and the
Abridgment of Christian Doctrine, usually called
the First or the Little Catechism. The original
Douay Catechism indeed bore the title of An
Abridgment of Christian Doctrine, and was printed
early in the seventeenth century. I have a copy
of the third edition, printed in the reign of James
II., by " Henry Hills, Printer to the King's most
excellent majesty, for his household and chapel ;
and are to be sold at his Printing-House on the
Ditchsidc, in Blach-fryers." But as this was too
long for children to learn, there was published,
with approbation, An Abstract of the Douay Cate-
chism. Of this I have an edition : " London :
Printed in the year 1782;" but without any
printer's name. It was printed, however, by
J. Marmuduke, in Great Wild Street, near Queen
Street, Lincoln s Inn Fields. This is the Douay
Catechism in general use among Catholics all
over England and Wales, often designated as the
Second Catechism, because it is usually learned
after the First or Little Catechism. The editions
of it are innumerable; but in 1827, the four
Vicars Apostolic approved and sanctioned a cor-
rected edition, and required that all future edi-
tions should be conformable to it ; which has been
carefully adhered to ever since.
The First, or Little Catechism, entitled An
Abridgment of Christian Doctrine, was compiled
more than a century ago by Bishop Challoner.
It has in like manner passed through countless
editions ; but a standard edition was approved in
1826, by the four Vicars Apostolic, and all sub-
sequent editions have been required to be con-
formable to the one so authorised. This catechism,
being shorter and more simple, is usually learnt
before the Douay Catechism. But these two are
the only catechisms used by authority among
Catholics in this country. In all editions of both
these, the First Commandment is given at full
length, including what by Protestants is called
the Second, and in the Douay Catechism the
reasons for this arrangement are given in answer
to the Q. Why put you all this in one command-
ment ? F. C. H.
Mollerus (2 nd S. i. 133.) I cannot say where
the entire poem of Mollerus is now to be found,
but a large sample of it is in Herbinius de Cata-
ractis, Amstelod., 1678. On p. 224. is a vignette
of Hatto's Tower, apparently as it was three years
ago. The bishop is on the rock, watching the
rats which are crossing the Rhine. Herbinius
having described the rapids, adds :
" Sequitur jam ligata etiam oratione, ' Historia de
Tragico Hattonis Episcopi Moguntinensis fato ; ' quam
Bernhardus Mollerus Monasteriensis, in sua Rheni De-
scriptione, Coloniae Agrippinae, MDXCVI., carmine csetera
egregio tradit. Quia enim Ubellus iste, prceterquam in
Blbliothecd Serenissimi Holsati<$ Duds, vix uspiqm alibi
reperitur, apponolibens versus istos i}i gratiam lectoris."
Then follows the story of Hatto in 162 very
tedious and antimetrical lines. That the original
contained many more may be inferred from
several " &c."s at the close of the pentameters. If
Southey did rob Mollerus, he must have had
access to the original : for in this extract there is
nothing differing from the ordinary version of the
story, which is dressed up in tawdry rhetoric.
Compare the opening of each :
" The summer and autumn had been so wet
That in winter the corn was growing yet:
'Twas a piteous sight to see all around
The grain lie rotting on the ground.
And every day the starving poor
Crowded around Bishop Hatto's door," &c.
" Messis erat raro segetum dotata favore,
Paupere nil potuit vilius esse viro.
Paupere paupertas languescit frigida lino,
Verminat esuriens paupere moesta penu.
Auget egestatem morbu.s, contempta movetur
Pauperies: pmni cassa favore perit.
In rigidis passim miseri jacuere plateis
Quos misere letho vovit acredo famis.
Vita quibus restat, vitam mutare volentes,
Sanguinea fatum pra?ripuere manu.
Est dolor in vita truculens, in funere terror :
Conditio sortis nulla placere valet,
Qujs stadium vita? letho mutare peroptet?
Cum miser haud poterit vivere, fata cupit," &c.
The " &c." leaves us in uncertainty as to the
amount of common-place expended before reach-
ing Hatto.
Though Mollerus may not be a poet, any in-
formation as to so scarce a book as his Rheni
Descriptio will be acceptable. H. 5- 0.
U. U. Club.
2 nd s. NO 32., Aua. 9. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
117
Walpcle and Whittington (2 nd S. ii. 88.) Nq
account of the discussion respecting Whittington
-and his Cnt is given in the Archceologia ; but we
have the following notice of it in a letter from
Richard Gough to Michael Tyson, dated Dec. 27,
1771, preserved in Nichols's Literary Anecdotes,
vol. viii. p. 575. :
" Mr. Pegge gave us next the History of Whittington,
but could rqaUe nothing at all of his cat, though she is
his constant companion in all statues and pictures : and
I firmly believe, if not a rebus for some ship which made
his fortune, she was the companion of his arm-chair, like
Montaigne's."
Cole, in his unpublished letters to Walpole,
designates the members of the Society of Anti-
quaries " Whittingtonian Antiquaries." Foote,
in his comedy of The Nabob, makes Sir Matthew
Mite, with much humour, thus address the Society
of Antiquaries :
" The point I mean to clear up, is an error crept into
the life of that illustrious magistrate, the great Whit-
tington, and his no less eminent cat: and in this disqui-
sition four material points are in question : 1st. Did
Whittington ever exist? 2nd. f^as Whittington Lord
Mayor of London ? 3d. Was he really possessed of a Cat ?
4th. Was that Cat the source of his wealth ? That Whit-
tington lived, no doubt can be made; that he was Lord
Mayor of London, is equally true ; but as to his Cat, that,
gentlemen, is the Gorclian knot to untie. And here, gen-
tlemen, be it permitted me to define what a Cat is. A
Cat is a domestic, whiskered, four-footed animal, whose
employment is catching of mice ; but let puss have been
ever so subtle, let puss have been ever so successful, to
what could puss's captures amount? No tanner can
currv the skin of a mouse, no family make a meal of the
meat ; consequently, no Cat could give Whittington his
wealth. Frojn whence then does this error proceed? Be
that my care to point out. The commerce this worthy
merchant carried on was' chiefly confined to our coasts :
for this purpose he constructed a vessel, which, for its
agility and lightness, he aptly christened a Cat. Nay, to
this our day, gentlemen, all our coals from Newcastle are
imported in nothing but Cats. From thence it appears,
that it was not the whiskered, four-footed, mouse-killing
Cat, that was the source of the magistrate's wealth ; but
the coasting, sailing, coal-carrying Cat: th^t, gentlemen,
was Whittington's Cat."
J.Y.
Germination of Seeds (2? d S. ii. 1Q. 58.)
E. M. notices the above in those seeds long buried.
Perhaps the following may interest him and other
botanical readers : '
Some years ago, a portion of the park at
Hampton Court was ploughed up ; and to the
surprise of every one a quantity of flowers made
their appearance. An account of this went the
"round of the papers" some years tjack, I forget
the date : upon inquiry being instituted, it was
found that thai identical spot ha4 been the flower-
garden in King Charles I.'s time.
One of the most remarkable cases of the vitality,
and therefore the germination of the seeds, oc-
curred tp Jkjr. Martin F. Tupper, tjje well-known
author ; a friend of his gave him twelve grains of
wheat taken out of a vase in a mummy pit at
Thebes. Mr. Tupper planted these in garden-
pots ; and four of the seeds grew, and brought
forth fruit. A most interesting account of this
wonder was published in The Gardeners' Chronicle,
Saturday, November 11, 1843; together with a
woodcut of the ear of wheat produced from one
of these grains. One of my intimate friends saw
these four plants growing, and there can be no
"doubt of their genuine authenticity. CENTURION.
Athenaeum.
Under the head of "Spontaneous Plants," I
have the following note from a paper of the
date :
" On boring for water lately [June 1832], at Kingston-
upon-Thames, some earth was brought up from a depth
of 360 feet ; this earth was carefully covered over with a
hand-glass, to prevent the possibility of any other seed
being deposited on it : yet, in a short time, plants vegetated
from it. If quick-lime be put upon land which from
time immemorial has produced nothing but heather, the
heather will be killed, and white clover spring up in its
place."
Is this latter assertion a fact ?
The following on the same subject is given in
the Magazine of Science, 1839 :
" After the great fire of London, 1666, the entire sur~
face of the destroyed city was covered with such a vast
profusion of a cruciferous plant, the Sisymbrium irio of
Linnaeus, that it was calculated that the whole of the
rest of Europe could not contain so many plants of it. It
is also known, that if a spring of salt water makes its
appearance in a spot, even at a great distance from the
sea, the neighbourhood is soon covered with plants pecu-
liar to a maritime locality, which plants have previously
been quite strangers to the country.
" In a work upon the Useful Mosses, by M. de Brebis-
son, this botanist states that a pond, in the neighbour-
hood of Falain, having been rendered dry during many
weeks in the height of summer, the mud, ip drying, was
immediately covered, to the extent of many square yards,
by a minute, compact green leaf, formed by an almost
imperceptible moss (the Phaseum axil/are), the stalks of
which were so close to each other, that upon a square
inch of this new soil might be counted more than five
thousand individuals of this minute plant, which had
never previously been observed in the country."
As slightly connected with this subject, may I
ask if there is any foundation for the following,
quoted from St. Pierre, by Sir R. Phillips ?
" Barley, in rainy years, degenerates into oats ; and
oats, in drv seasons, changes into barley. These facts,
related by Pliny, Galen, and Mathiola, have been con-
firmed by the experiments of naturalists."
R. W. HACKWOOD.
Coffer (2 nd S. ii. 69.) In the glossary of Ar-
chitecture, vol. i., I find the Jojjqwjng explanation
of this word : " Coffer, a deep panel in a ceding ;
the same as a pampw." Caisson was a term
adopted frqin tj^e French, for tb.e small panels of.
flat and ahed ceilings,. F. M.
Ellastone, Staffordshire."!
118
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
[2*S. #032., Aua. 9. '56.
Aristotle's Logic (2 nd S. ii. 81, 82.) There is
an edition of Aristotle's Organon in two volumes
by Theod. Waitz, Ph. Dr., Lipsiae, Hahnii, 1844
46. It contains the Greek Testament, with
various readings at the foot of the page ; and at
the end of each treatise are some Latin note*.
H. A. C.
Aristotle's Proverbs (2 nd S. ii. 48.) '.Diogenes
Laertius, in his Catalogue of Aristotle's writings,
mentions a Book of Proverbs. ZEUS.
Benjamin Franklin (2 nd S. ii. 76.) For the
sake of accuracy I may be permitted through the
editor's indulgence to correct an error into which
I have fallen by trusting too much to memory, in
stating Franklin to have been " the minister pleni-
potentiary from the American Congress to the
court of London," in 1779, instead of to the
court of France ; and to atone for this mistake I
shall give an amusing extract from the French
Louse (formerly quoted), depicting the philosopher
at this important time of his political career :
"In order better to observe him (says the Louse, p. 19.)
I fastened upon a flower which adorned my mistress's
hair. By good fortune I found myself placed directly
opposite to monsieur ambassador, "and here I must ac-
knowledge that I was not able to forbear laughing heartily
when I contemplated the grotesque figure of this original,
who with a vulgar person and a mean appearance affected
the air and gestures of a fop. A sun burnt complexion,
a wrinkled forehead, warts in many places which might
be said to be as graceful in him as the moles that dis-
tinguished the sweet face of the Countess of Barry. With
these he had the advantage of a double chin, to which
was added a great bulk of nose, and teeth which might
have been taken for cloves had they not been set fast in a
thick ja\v. This, or something very like this, is the true
picture of his excellency. As for his eyes I could not
distinguish them because of the situation I was in, and
besides a large pair of spectacles hid two-thirds of his
face."
A portrait of Franklin (said to be an original)
which may be seen in the Glasgow Athenceum
Reading Room corroborates in several of its details
the above description. G. ]\T.
Parish Registers (2 nd S. ii. 66.) It will be
very necessary for any Member who brings before
Parliament a project for printing parish registers
to be able to give some idea of the expense. I
suggest, therefore, that only registers prior to
1700 should be printed, and that they should be
printed verbatim. If one of your correspondents
would have the register of a small parish printed,
and keep an^ account of the expense, it would
assist the object very much ; he might dispose of
copies to many of your subscribers to reimburse
himself.
I possess several printed pamphlets containing
" extracts " from registers, but I believe that the
only entire register printed verbatim is that printed
by me .in 1831 (the Livre des Anglois a Geneve,
pp. 18.), from a copy examined with the original
by the late Sir Egerton Brydges.
The greatest difficulty in effecting this im-
portant object will be the copy for the printer, as
many of the early registers are only legible by
those accustomed to the character and abbrevia-
tions of the sixteenth century. It was only last
month that I was requested by a rural dean to
pay him a visit and decipher some early registers
in his deanery. As the parishes must have a
period of two or three years to carry out the
measure, should it pass into a law, it will afford
time for the incumbents, where necessary, to pro-
cure the assistance of some antiquarian friend to
collate the obscure portions of their register.
J. S. BURN.
Grove House, Henley.
"Pence a piece" (2 nd S. ii. 66.) I can in-
form your correspondent W. (1.) that this form
of expression is not confined to Herefordshire,
but is in constant use here, as in other parts of
Ireland, to the entire exclusion of the legitimate
" penny a piece." As to its etymology I cannot
give him any certain information, but it seems to
me probable that it is a modification of two, three,
four, pence, &c., the numeral being omitted in the
case of a single penny. H. DRAPER.
Dublin.
In answer to the Query of W., as to the an-
tiquity and locality of this mode of expression, I
have to observe that it prevails in Staffordshire,
where fifty years ago I remember a familiar ex-
pression of a woman who sold gingerbread, fruit,
&c., and being asked the price of some of her com-
modities, used to answer, " They are halfpence a
piece." F. C. H.
In answer to the Query as to the locality of the
phrase " Pence-a-piece," I can give my mite of
information, that a similar expression, " Pennies-
a-piece," is common in Scotland. E. E. BYNG.
Plunketts "Light to the Blind" (1 st S. vi. 341.)
This MS. is in the possession of the 'Earl of
Fingall, and is the work of a zealous Roman
Catholic and a mortal enemy of England. The
date on the title-page is 1711. Large extracts
from it are among the Mackintosh MSS. ; and
it is frequently referred to by Mr. Macaulay.
ABHBA.
Rubrical Query (1 st S. x. 127.) Looking over
the past numbers of " N. & Q.," I met with the
following Query by the REV. WM. ERASER :
" The rubric to the versicles that precede the three
collects at Morning and Evening Prayer states, ' Then
the priest standing up, shall say,' &c. After this rubric,
on what authority does the priest kneel down again ? "
This question is at once disposed of by refer-
ence to the following rubric which intervenes be-
2 d S. NO 32., AUG. 9. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
119
tween the versicles above-named and the " Second
Collect, for Peace," in the Morning Service :
" Then shall follow three collects ; the first of the day,
which shall be the same that is appointed at the Com-
munion ; the second for Peace ; the third for Grace to
live well. And the two last collects shall never alter,
but daily be said at Morning Prayer throughout all the
year, as followeth ; all kneeling"
The corresponding rubric in The Order for
Evening Prayer runs thus :
- Then shall follow" three Collects ; the first of the
Dav ; the second for Peace ; the third for Aid against all
Perils, as hereafter followeth; which two last collects
shall be daily said at Evening Prayer without alteration."
It was unnecessary to repeat in the rubric pre-
fixed to the collects in the Evening Service
what had been explicitly stated in the correspond-
ing rubric in the Morning Service, namely, that
the collects should be said, all kneeling. M. A.
Galilee (2 nd S. i. 131. 197. 243.) In the In-
dex to the First Vol. of the New Series of " N". &
Q." the word "Galilee" is set down as being
synonymous with " porch." According to Mabil-
lon it is synonymous with " nave," as the following
extract will testify :
" Idem Willelmus eodem anno, ordinationis sue secundo,
teloneum in fluvio Ligeris ad castrum Langey recuperasse
dicitur: cujus rei charta primaria facta est in Galilcea
monasterii, id est navi Ecchsice, et transcripta in libro
notitiarum." Mabillon, Annales Benedictini, a. 1105.
100. vol. v. p. 477. Paris, 1713.
W. B. MACCABE.
Device of Crescent and Star on Ecclesiastical
Seals (2 nd S. ii. 89.) The seal of the Dean
and Chapter of Water-ford referred to by the
REV. JAMES GRAVES, has been engraved by Mr.
Rich. Caulfield, in his Sigilla Ecclesia Hibernicce
Illustrata, Part u. pi. 3., and described at p. 18. In
an explanation of the Crescent and Star, he refers
to p. 8., where it says that the " Star is the symbol
of the Epiphany, and that the Crescent signifies
the increase of the Gospel." Z.
English Words terminating in " il " (2 nd S. ii.
47.) Your correspondent E. C. H. remarks on
the small number of English words having the
termination z7, and gives the five words peril, civil,
council, evil, devil, as the only ones occurring to
him at the time. He may wish to be reminded of
the fifteen following words in addition, all having
the termination il: codicil, pencil, lentil, until,
cavil, stencil, pistil, tendril, tumbril, tranquil, tonsil,
vigil, basil, jonquil, nostril. T. J. E.
Human Leather (2 nd S. ii. 68.) The human
leather nailed on some of our old church-doors is
lid to have been originally the skins, or portions
of the skins, of Danes. The old Bohemian leader,
Ziska, ordered that his body should be flayed
after his decease, and the skin be converted into
the head of a drum. These instances, however,
of making leather or parchment of human skin
are well known. With respect to specimens of
skin in museums, I know of only one example. In
the museum of the Philosophical Institution at
Reading, there was, some years ago, and perhaps
there still is, a small portion of the skin of Jeremy
Bentham. I remember that it bore a close re-
semblance to a yellow and shrivelled piece of
parchment. J. DORAN.
Ornamental Hermits. Some of your earlier
volumes (1 st S. v. vi.) contained Queries on this
subject. Is this note worth adding?
"Archibald Hamilton, afterwards Duke of Hamilton
(as his daughter, Lady Dunmore, told me), advertised for
' a hermit ' as an ornament to his pleasure grounds ; and
it was stipulated that the said hermit should have his
beard shaved but once a year, and that only partially."
Rogers' s Table-Talk, p. 77.
A. A. D.
Fairies (2 nd S. i. 393.) It may interest some
to know, that the July number of the Spiritual
Herald contains an account of the fairy- seership
of an educated lady of our own time, not less re-
markable than that mentioned in "N". & Q." of
an untaught Cornish girl of 200 years ago. I
transcribe a few lines relating the commencement
of this fairy- seership, and also a curious mention
of Shakspeare :
" I used to spend a great deal of my time alone in our
garden, and I think it must have been soon after my
brother's death, that I first saw (or perhaps recollect
seeing) fairies. I happened one day to break (with a
little whip I had) the flower of a buttercup; a little
while after, as I was resting on the grass, I heard a tiny,
but most beautiful voice, saying, 'Buttercup, who has
broken your house ? ' Then another voice replied, ' That
little girl that is lying close by you.' I listened in great
wonder, and looked about me, until I saw a daisy, in
which stood a little figure not larger, certainly, than one
of its petals.
" When I was between three and four years old, we
removed to London, and I pined sadly for my country
home and my fairy friends. I saw none of them for a
long time ; I think because I was discontented ; I did not
try to make myself happy. At last I found a copy of
Shakespeare in my father's study, which delighted me so
much (though I don't suppose I understood much of it),
that I soon forgot we were living where I could not see
a tree or a flower. I used to take the book, and my little
chair, and sit in a paved yard we had (I could see the
sky there). One day, as I was reading the Midsummer
Night's Dream, I happened to look up, and saw before
me a patch of soft, green grass, with the fairy ring upon
it ; whilst I was wondering how it came, my old friends
appeared, and acted the whole play (I suppose to amuse
me). After this, they often came, and did the same with
some of the other plavs."
A.R.
Council of Lima (2 nd S. i. 510.) CLERICUS
(D.) will find some account of the decrees of the
Council of Lima in the Continuation of Fleury's
Hist. Eccles., vol. xxiv. 1. 176. ch. 72. F. C. H.
120
,
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd s. NO 32., AUG. 9. '56.
Mrs. Siddons (2 nd S. ii. 89.) With regard to
Mrs. Siddons making her first appearance on the
stage at Stourbridg, I have heard from an old
relation who knew the circumstances, that the
occasion was for the benefit of the company, which
was but indifferent in their profession, and very
poor. Some attractions they doubtless had, and
the officers of a regiment stationed in the town'
volunteered their assistance. Mrs. Siddons, then
a lively girl of fifteen years of age, enacted the
heroine of the piece, and having to faint in the
hero's arms, she burst out laughing, and ran off
the stage to the great annoyance of the officer,
who afterwards declared he felt " so provoked that
he could almost have stabbed her." I think the
play was the Grecian Daughter, but of this I am
not quite sure, as I do not know that play.
E. S. W.
Norwich.
Wolves (2 nd S. i. 96. 282.) The following par-
ticulars, which form a note to Macaulay's History
of England, vol. iii. p. 136., are interesting :
"In a very full account of the British isles published at
Nuremberg in 1690, Kerry is described as ' an vielen
Orten umvegsam und voller Walder und Gebiirge.'
Wolves still infested Ireland. 'Kein schadlich Thier 1st
da, ausserhalb Wolff und Fiichse.' So late as the year
1710 money was levied on presentments of the Grand
Jury of Kerry [ ?] for the destruction of wolves in that
county. See' Smith's Ancient and Modern State of the
County of Kerry, 1756. [p. 173.] I do not know that I
have ever met with a better book of the kind and of the
size. In a poem published as late as 1719, and entitled
Macdermot, or the Irish Fortune Hunter, in six cantos,
wolf-hunting and wolf-spearing are represented as common
sports in Minister. In William's reign Ireland was some-
times called by the nickname of Wolfland. Thus in a
poem on the battle of La Hogue, called Advice to a
Painter, the terror of the Irish army is thus described :
' A chilling damp,
' And Wolfland howl runs thro' the rising camp.' "
ABHBA.
Medal of Charles I. (2 nd S. ii. 29.) It may
interest G. H. C. to know that I have a comme-
morative medal of Charles I. It is of bronze, two
inches in diameter. On the obverse is the profile
of that ill-fated sovereign, with the inscription,
" Carol. D. G. M. B. F. ET. H. BEX. ET. GLOR. MEM."
On the reverse a landscape, a naked arm issuant
from the clouds, and extending a martyral crown,
with the legend, " VIRTVTEM. EX. ME. FORTVNAM.
EX. ALIIS." I should like to compare " notes " with
your trinitial Querist G. H. C. on our Carolinian
relics. E. L. S.
Deans, Canons, and Prebendaries of Cathedrals
(2 nd S. ii. 89.) SCRIPSIT will find the sought-for
information in Report of the Commissioners ap-
pointed by King William the Fourth to inquire into
the Ecclesiastical Revenues of England and Wales,
(dated June 16, 1835) ; presented to loth Houses
of Parliament by Command of His Majesty. Vide
Hansard's sale list of Parliamentary Papers, from
Session 1836 to 1853, title, "Papers presented by
Command," year 1836-(67). Ecclesiastical He-
venues, England and Wales, Report of Commis-
sioners, 11$. HENRY EDWARDS.
? In Mr. Hardy's edition of Le Neve's Fasti, and in
the Clergy List, the names of the prebendal stalls
are given. In the Clergy List will also be found
the various parishes forming rural deaneries.
MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A.
" To call a spade a spade" (2 nd S. ii. 26.) In
1 st S. iv. 456. a note of Scaliger is cited, in which
this saying is traced to Aristophanes. The verse
in question appears from the quotation of Lucian,
Quom. Hist, sit conscrib., to have been
" Ta crvKa crvna., -ri]v <TKo.$-f\v VKO-^V Aeytov."
See also Lucian, Jov. Trag , 32. Other references
to this verse, which is nowhere ascribed by name
to Aristophanes, are given in the note of C. F.
Hermann, in his edition of the former treatise,
p. 248. The proverb is inserted in the Adagia of
Erasmus, under the head of " Libertas, Veritas."
L.
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to
We are compelled to postpone until next week many interesting papers
and our usual NOTES ON BOOKS.
T. O. F. The Bi9:raphical Memoirs of Extraordinary Painters was
one of the very original works produced lj Eeckford, the author of
Vathek.
THE TRUSTY SERVANT AT WINCHESTER. A WYCCAMMITE will find
this curious Middle- Age Memorial fully illustiated in our "N. & Q.,"
v.417. ; vi. 12. 417.495.
INDEX TO THE FIRST SERIES. As this is now published, and the im-
pri'usioH -in a limited one, such of our readeA as desire copies wo'dd do
irell to intimate t/icir wish to their respective, booksellers fit/tout delay.
Our publifhers, MESSRS. BELL & DALDV, will forward copies by post on
receipt of a Post Office Order for Five Shillings.
"Nones AND QUERIES" is published at noon on Friday, so that the,
Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and
deliver them to their Subscribers on the Saturday.
"NOTFS AND QUERIES" is also issued in Monthly Parts, for the con-
rf/iii-/iee of those who may cither have a difficulty in procuring the un-
stamped weekly Numbers, or prefer receiving it montMy. While parties
resident in the country or abroad, who maybe desirous ofreceiring the
<r, ,/,-/// Numbers, may have stamred copies forwarded direct from the
Publisher. The subscription for the stamped edition of " NOTFS AND
QUERIES " (including a very copious Index) is eleven shillings and four-
pence for six months, which may be paid by Post Office Order, drawn in
favour of the Publisher, MR. GEOBOB BELL, No. 186. Fleet Street.
NO 33,, AUG. 16. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
121
LONDON, SATURDAY, AUGUST 16, 1856.
ANCIENT PARISH BOOKS AT EAST BERGHOLT,
SUFFOLK.
In the church at this place there is a massive
oak chest, apparently at least three hundred years
old, which contains various books relative to pa-
rochial affairs, in pretty good preservation, and
from which the following particulars have been
selected :
" Anno D ui 1579 et in Anno Regni Dne y re xxi Elisa-
beth.ee Dei Gratia Anglie Fraucie et Hibernie regine,
&c."
" A Boke intituled the boke of accounte for the store
housse ffor the provissione for the pore, withe the entries
of recorde of the givers of all suche somes of monye as to
the same to belonge, and the order appoynted for the
same, with a remembrance of the Charters and Libertie of
this towne of East Bergholt, arid the coppies of the store
housse and other hotisses belonging to the pore, wh are
kept in a cheste in the belfrye, under the locke, whereof
the one kye remayneth withe the churchwardens, one
other withe the minister, and the other with the provider
ffor the pore ffor the tyme beinge, and wretten the sea-
venthe daie of November and in the year above said.
"Memorand. whereas these giftes hereafter recyted,
and all such as hereafter shall be geven and wreten in
this boke which somes and evry p.cell thereof ys geven
to the intente and purpose that the same shoulde be
yerely and every yere imployed and bestowed uppon
corhe, chese, buttef, and other necessarie vittales to be
boughte ffor ready monye, or the same monye or such p te
thereof to be laide oute aforhande by the disscresions of
the p.vider for the tyme beinge. To the intente to buye
the same come and other vittales at the reasonablest
pryce that the same maie be hadd, and the same to be
soullde agayne by the saide p.vider for the tyme beinge
to such pore ffo'lke as shall be yerely named by the
p.viders disscression that shall take the same ffor the
yere then to come, and the p.vider whiche. shall geve
upp his accounte for the yere past, withe the consent of
two, three, or ffower of the chefest of the p.rish, that ys
or then shall be at suche reasonable pryses as the same
maye convenientlye be afforded at the disscression of the
saide p.vider for the tyme beinge. So as the saides whole
stocke may be reserved and kept whole with some in-
crease of the saide stocke, yf the same maye conveniently
be taken ffor the better performance of and goeinge for-
ward in this good intente and purpose, yt is agreed by
consent of the moste of the chefest of the inhabitants of
this towne of East Bergholt whose names are here under
wreten, that there shall be chosen and named yerely and
every yere, on Easter mundaye or tuesdaye, by the con-
sent of the churchwardens for the tyme beinge, and ten,
aight, six, or ffour, or three at the leaste of the chefest of
the towne, one of the inhabitants of the saide towne to be
named the p.vider for the pore for the yere then next to
come, and to begynne his yere at the ffeaste of Pentecost,
which saide p.vider withe the churchwardens then beinge
and the other townsmen, aight, six, four or three, the
saide p.vider for the yere then ended shall geve upp his
account, and deliver such monye as he shall have re-
cevyed of the same stocke, with the come and vittales
whiche shall then remayne, yf any be, beinge good,
sweete, and merchantable, such as shall be accepted by
the newe p.vider. The churchwardens, and ten, aight,
sixe, ffouer or three other at the leaste shall like of to be
worthe the same pryce as he shall rate the same at, or
ells to make whole the saide stocke which he shall have
recyved, and the same p.sentlye to delyver to the p.vider
then newlye chosen.
" Item, yt is agreed by oure consente whose names are
hereunder wreten, that the p.vider ffor the tyme and yere
to come shall enter bonde to the .churchwardens then
beinge, in tenn pounde of good and lawful monye, more
than the some which he shall recyve, to make a trewe
account of the saide stocke, or to paye the saide stocke to
the saide newe p.vider, churchwardens, and other of the
townsmen, and the same bonde to be made, sealled, and
delivered accordinge to such effecte as new p.vider hathe
alredye begonne. The whole Bonde shall be and re-
mayne in the sayed cheste provided for these causes.
Allso yt is agreed by the saide p.ties whose names are
hereunder wreten, that yf it happen anye of the saide
p.ties who maye be chosen and named to be p.vider for
anye yere to come shall refuse to doo the same, and to
accomplishe this good order in every poynte accordinge
to the good intente begonne, then the said p.tie so refus-
inge shall loose and paye twenty shillings of lawful
monye for his discharge of that yere onlye, to be and re-
mayne to the increase of this stocke. And there shall be
chosen one other by the like consente as for the same
cause ys p.vided and appoynted. Itm., yf it shall happen
that this good order and purpose be not observed and
kept, but that the same stocke lye deade by the space of
one whole yere and be not imployed, bestowed, and or-
dered according to the trewe meanyinges of the sayd
givers of the same, as in the saide severall giftes are re-
ersed, that then the same stocke shall be and remayne
unto the same persons againe their executors or assigns,
or the executors of suche as by Will have geven the
same or suche p.tye as ys by them geven, to be and re-
mayne as in their fformer estate at the tyme of the deli-
verye of the same p te of the sayed stocke."
[Here follow the signatures.]
" Here followeth a trewe rehersall or declaration of all
such several somes of mortye as hathe been geven by
certen of the inhabitants of this towne by theire owne
hands, or willed by there last wills, to be geven for the
increasinge of a stocke of monye to be used and imployed
to the buyenge of come and other victualls for the benefite
of the pore, with the names of all suche as hath geven or
willed the saide^severall somes of money to be geven.
"1608. An extreme sharpe frost, wh n so moch foulk
and fysh dyed by the frost.
" 1637. Collected the 5 th of June of the inhabitants of
East Bergholt for arid towards a vollentary gift for the
releife of the poore of Hadlygh, which was vissited with
the plague, and was payed to Mr. T. Bretton of Hitcham.
The some of monye so collected was twentie pounds,
eygtheen shillirigs and twopence.
"The sixteenth day of September, 1650, att the house
of Abraham Newton then mett, itt was agreed as follows.
That Captaine Goff doe speake unto the Churchwardens
to repaire the church speedily, and that Goodman James
Hayward specke unto Goodman Turner to ringe the ser-
mon bell a longer distance of time than usually he hath
done before the little bell, and a longer season to ringe it
Out, that the inhabitants afarr off may well heare it. v lhe
19th of May, 1651. Imprimis, it is agreed that there shall
be but foure houses licensed for drawinge of beere, two
in the Streete, one at Gaston's End, and the other at
Baker's End. Anthony Bunn to sell beere without doores
at Baker's End. Also it is ordered that Goodman Pim-
merton be asked to go to a Justice and renew a warrant
122
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
S. NO 33., AUG. 16. '56.
for preventing a shoemaker from making a settlement in
our towne.
" April 4 th , 1659, beinjf Easter Monday. It is agreed y*
the neighbours of the towne set about looking what mis-
orders be in the said towne, and take care for the pre-
venting and punishing them, as of Inmates, Unlicensed
Ale houses, strangers roming into the towne, and all other
misdemeanours, llth November, 1660. Imprimis, agreed
y* not any of the poore but such as take Collection, and
are very poore besides, shall have any coals measured
and att nine pence a bushel to be sold. The 2 nd day of
September, 1661.* Ordered as followeth: Imprimis, y* the
officers and some otber of the townsmen do goe and take
notice of what disorders are in the Alehouses, and of what
inmates and strangers are in the towne, as alsoe to exe-
cute the warrants against offenders that are already
taken out. Memorand. July 3 rd , 1670. Collected by the
Churchwardens of East Bergholt, by vertue of his Ma-
jesty's letters patent for the redemption of several ma-
rine"rs out of slavery in the galleys, the juste sum of three
shillings and eight pence. 1671. The monye that hath
been gathered for y e slavery in Turkey is 6. 12. 2^.
1681. Feby 27. Imp 3 . It is ordered that all inmates shall
have kindly notis by the churchwardens and overseers to
clean their houses before our Ladj 7 day next insuing, or
els they will be prosecuted and proceeded against accord-
ing to law. March y e 2 nd , 1684. It is ordered and agreed
yt i{ \\ ye weights, scales, and measures belonging to y e
alefounders, alias ale-tasters, be sufficiently repaired and
amended fitting for their use, and the charges thereof to
be disbursed by y c present treasurer for y e town lands and
stock, and if y e said alefounders at present or y succeed-
ing ones shall neglect to execute their office according to
their oaths, that then y c said treasurer M r W m Ellis pre-
sent or indite them at y c next assizes w ch seem most
convenient to him. April 20 th , 1685. It is ordered and
agreed that if any person lets a house to a foreigner, y e
tenant of which proves a charge to y e town, that then y e
landlord shall be double rated. Item, it ordered that M r
Rich d Michell and M r Edward Clark fetch a warrant for
any person or persons that shall set up any stall or booth
for the pretended fair this present year. May 3 rd , 1686.
Collected \)y the Minister and Churchwardens by vertue
of his Majesty's letters pattent for the releif of the French
Protestants, 08. 17. 6. May 24^, 1686. Imprimis. That
whereas M r Ray, Chirurgeon, did cure y e hand of Henry
Newman, it is left to the discretion of y e present overseers
to pay y c same. 1690. Collected for the Irish Protest-
ants, 05. 03. 07. 1692, June 26 th . Collected towards
the redemption of 500 Christians in Turkish slaverv,
04 12. 02. 1693. Grace Granger, a vagabond sent to
Maidstone in Kent, 5 th April, hath a child w th her, al-
lowed 40 daies to pass. Dec r 13 th . P d for 2 bottles of
sack to heel the women, 14 s 00 d . 1694. Whereas com-
plaint was made, July 14, against the Churchwardens
and overseers of the Parish of East Bergholt in Suffolk,
before the Right Worshipfull Edmund Bohun, Esq., Jus-
tice of the Peace for the s d County, by John Clarke, La-
bourer, that bee the s d John was lame and aged, and stood
in need of greater maintenance than was allowed him by
the s' 1 Officers, and before the s d Justice Bohun did averr
that himselfe, the s d John Clarke, was sixty six years of
age and unable to earn his living, and that bee had like-
wise two children unable to earn their liveing, and that
the s d officers have allowed him the s d John only seven
shillings in ten weeks past for and towards maintenance
* After this date is the following: " 1663, It is agreed
that y e next towne meetinge be at Mr. John Clarke's, on
Whitsun munday next, and that every man bring his
wife along with him."
for himself and family : Wee the inhabitants of the s d
Parish have met together and made diligent search into
the truth of this complaint, and find by the register the
s d John Clarke is about 58 years of age ; that he have
two children is acknowledged, both of them daughters,
but the eldest is soe old that she is adjudged marriage-
able, the youngest daily work and earn more, as we verily
beleive, than will and doe maintaine a poor child of like
age in another family. As to that part of the complaint
stating that he have been allowed but seven shillings for
ten weeks past: Wee the s d officers have given the s d
John twelve shillings in nine weeks past. The s d John
now lives in a town house and pay no rent ; and that the
s d John and his family eat and drinke as well and wear
as good habit as 'many of the eminent inhabitants that
pay very considerably to the poor of our s d parish. And
the s d John Clarke by himselfe or his wife doe boastingly
affirm that hee or shee have lent to a certain clothier,
who at their house put out spinning worke, and doe com-
monly soe doe (if need require) lend him the s d clothier
three" pounds, sometimes less, to pay the spinners. And
wee have testimony ready to be made that the wife of
the s d John did vauntingly speak amongst some of her
poor neighbours in his hearing, that she would in a quar-
ter of an hour produce thirty pounds ; and in the begin-
ning of March last past the s d John Clarke and his wife
made complaint before the Right Worshipful Sir Adam
Holton, by whom they were not credited. The present
officer sent Clarke's wife eighteen pence to buy salve to
cure his legg, of which legg hee complain hee is so lame.
But his s d wife have often declared that for six pence she
can cure the legg, and if she please make the" same leg
very sore and frightful, to move the Justice to whom she
complains on behalf of her husband, and so move him to
pity and procure an order for larger maintenance than
they doe stand in need of. Pursuant to the advice of
the s d Justice Bohun we have caused this defence to be
written in the toun book, and the names of the chief in-
habitants to be subscribed, and humbly pray that the s d
John Clarke may not be credited against us in such fal-
lacys, wee being willing to allow him and them what
maintenance wee judge needful, upon just application
being made. July 18 th , 1694. I am fully satisfied with
this certificate, and discharge the complaint as causeless.
EDMUND BOHUN.
" 1709. Mem d . Mr. Thomas Cleer was nominated to
be overseer, he preferring to be excused on account of his
infirmities, and agreeing to give five pounds to find cloth-
ing for the poor, he is unanimously excused from being
overseer for the present year. 1711, Dec r . Paid for 3
horses journeys to Justice Thurston's for a warrant for y e
2 tailors and 2 shoemakers, and journey to Stoke, 3 s O d .
1714, July 18th. For beer and wine, and for a dinner att
y e cutting out of y e cloth for y e poor, Ol 1 12 s 00 d . But I
only charge 15 s for beer, wine, and y e dinner. 1719,
Jan. 27. Imprimis. Whenever any person belonging to
the parish shall come to ask relief, before any is given
the officer to go and inventory the s d persons goods.
1720, Nov r 30 th . Ordered that the churchwardens or
overseers do directly get a warrant to take up several
straggling wenches, &c. that keep about our town. 1721,
Dec r 27. Ordered that the Churchwardens and Overseers
do take up all the young fellows and wenches that are at
their own hand, and make them shew cause before a Jus-
tice why they dont go to service. 1724. Ordered that y c
overseers get a warrant for those young women that wont
go to service. 1730, April 15. Ordered that the Church-
wardens for the time being do pay for every old fox or
badger, five shillings, and for every young one that is a
runner half a crown, excepting for a litter, and for them
twelve pence a piece. Ordered, May 28 th , that Mr. Gul-
2 nd S. NO 33., AUG. 16. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
123
lifer the present churchwarden pay John Howgego 2 s 6 d
each for 2 foxes killed by him since our order dated
April 15 th last, for which Sam. Cooper y e late church-
warden paid him but 2 s 6 d a piece. Whereas it hath been
an antient custom in the parish of East Bergholt, in the
County of Suffolk, for the Chief Inhabitants to meet once
a month or thereabouts at each others houses, there in a
friendly manner to consult and advise and order about
the poor, and the school, and other affairs of the s d parish,
which custom has of late been laid aside, to the detriment
of the poor and hindrance of parish business, and lessen-
ing that love and unity which should be among pa-
rishioners and neighbours : In order, therefore, to revive
the s d laudable custom, for the good ends intended by it,
The chief inhabitants of the s d parish have agreed to
revive these neighbourly meetings at each others houses
as heretofore, upon due notice given in the church on the
Sunday before the s d meeting, and so to continue succes-
sively each one in his turn. 1722, Sept r . 19 th . Ordered
that an enquiry be made into y e cause of Abraham Rey-
nold's sory death, and to know y e reason why the Coroner
exacted so much money. Sept r 24 th . Ordered that the
Coroner be prosecuted "according to law at the next
It appears from the above that this coroner
carried out " Crowner's quest law " in a manner
that was disapproved of by the parishioners.
How he passed through his ordeal at the assizes
is not stated.
1738, Oct r 28. Agreed at a vestry that John Perri-
man shall be allowed 2 1 12 s to keep the boy Murgen a
year from the date hereof, he to provide wearing apparel
for the s d boy, and leave him in good repair at the end of
the year. 1740, Jany 7 th . Agreed at a vestry that Mr.
J no Cook have the boy J no Cook from this date to Mich 8
1742, he to find the said boy with meat, drink, washing,
and lodging, with apparele, and at the expiration of y e
said terme to leave him in as good repair as he found him,
which is very good. 1748, June 1 st . Ordered that no
parish officer shall be allowed to pay any carpenter,
Mason, Plumber, and Glazier more than two pence a day
for lowance for a man, half an hour allowed at breakfast
and one hour at dinner.
" 1748, Oct r 5 th . Samuel Folkerd hath agreed to take
the girl Rose Cook and maintain her with meat, drink,
washing, and lodging, in sickness and in health, till
Mich 8 next, the parishions agreeing to put her in neces-
sary repair fit to go into his house, and the said Samuel
Folkerd has promised to leave her in as good repair as he
took her. 1749, May 3' d . Agreed that Tho Hills's boy
shall go to D r Tanner's to have his head looked after.
1752, March 30 th . It is agreed with James Vincent that
if he get the boy Hill's head cured by next Easter, we
will pay him for that cure fifteen shillings, besides what
we pay him for his board. 1753. M r John Lewis to take
Jos h Rose for a year, M r Rashbrooke the boy Sam. Wool-
lard for ye year. The parish to find both those boys with
ware and tare, and if any broken limbs, then the parish
to pay all expenses.*'
These extracts were made by Mr. James Tay-
ler, the present respected churchwarden of the
above parish. At my request he kindly allowed
me to transcribe them from his note-book, and
offer them for insertion in " N. & Q." Here it
may be observed that there are many items of
interest to antiquaries and others to be found in
old parish books, if those who have access to them
would in a leisure hour look them over and
make extracts therefrom. G. BLENCOWE.
Manningtree.
GOETHE ON THE " ANTIGONE OF SOPHOCLES.
In the conversation reported by Eckermann
(March 28, 1827) on this subject, Goethe objects
to the expressions of Antigone (v. 911.), where
the Greek is thus represented : " I cannot have
another brother ; for since my mother and father
are dead, there is no one to beget one." (Oxen-
ford's Trans., i. 372.) This is certainly putting
the case strongly against a tragedy of Sophocles.
But Goethe was either ignorant or unmindful of
the history and the moral principle (jlvos vd^ov)
expressly referred to by Antigone. This is found
in Herodotus (iii. c. 119.), where Darius granting
the life of one prisoner to the wife of Intaphernes,
she selects, not her husband or children much to
the surprise of Darius but says, after some de-
liberation (j8ouA.6uo-a^i/7?), " If indeed the king will
grant me only one life, I select my brother before
all." Darius inquires her reason for preferring
her brother to her husband and children. She
replies, " If fortune (Sai^wi/) permit, I may have
another husband and other children ; but as my
father and mother are no longer living, I can
never have another brother ; therefore I neces-
sarily select him." (rainy Trj yv&ur) xpew/uej/?? eA.ecc
raCro.) Darius was so pleased with this answer,
that he spared the life of her eldest son as well as
her brother.
If we object with Goethe to the Greek stand-
point as respects this 7^*7, we must also reject
the motive of the whole tragedy, which involves
the necessity of covering the dead corpse with
three handfuls of earth to ensure the entrance of
its spirit into Hades. But as Goethe did not ob-
ject to this, the greater absurdity to the moderns,
neither ought he to object to the minor absurdit}',
both being equally true in Greek tragic art. So-
phocles wrote for the Athenian stage : had he
written for Weimar, Paris, or London, he would
not have been guilty of either of these absurdities.
Therefore, Goethe's wish that some apt philologist
might prove this verse to be interpolated or
spurious is nugatory.
To counteract the low prose of Eckermann, I
add Dr. Thos. Francklin's translation of the pas-
sage referred to by Goethe :
" Another husband and another child
Might sooth affliction ; but, my parents dead,
A. brother's loss could never be repaired,
And therefore did I dare the venturous deed,
And therefore die by Creon's dread command."
But as Goethe, who had read largely in Greek,
appears surprised at this passage in the Antigone,
others may entertain the like opinion, and partly
124
NOTES AND QUEBIES.
. NO 33., AUG. 16. '56.
from deference to his judgment. It is therefore
necessary to bear in mind that, whilst in modern
Europe the marriage ^tie is generally held to be of
a religious character' it was deemed in ancient
Greece little more than a mercantile bargain ; for
there the married women were not so much the
companions of their husbands, as slaves inia su-
perior grade. The Jietarce were almost the only
accomplished women of the time, and they were
immoral ; nevertheless, Greeks of distinction, and
even men proud of their ethics, visited these
women. (Xenoph. J\^emor^ jii. 11.) With respect
to affection for their offspring, the Scriptores
erotici Grceci make the exposure of infants, from
comparatively slight causes, a turning incident in
their novels. A view of the ancient Greek, in his
domestic aspect, will explain very clearly the com-
paratively loose hold which the husband and
child had, in fact, on the affection of wife and
mother. The cause of the strong affection sub-
sisting between brothers and sisters is explained
by Aristotle. (De Moribus, viii. 12. 14.; Polit.,
vii. 7.) T. J. BUCKTON.
Lichfield.
REV. MR. THOMAS CRANE, M.A.
The Puritans of England holding a distinguished
place in the annals of her liberties, their writings
and memories ought to be specially cherished. In
their works will often be found an account of those
feelings and incidents that animated them, which
convey to the mind a much more striking portrait
of their characters than what may be gathered
from the illustrations of modern commentators.
I dare say some of the thick massive venerable
tomes, with their strong rude strapped bindings,
which were in those days issued from the press,
and greedily bought up for spiritual consolation
and remembrance of the dearly beloved pastor,
may now be considered by not a few persons as
repulsive, and the subjects as heavy, elaborately
treated, and quaint in style, and which, when com-
pared with the present flimsy religious literature,
must be admitted as true ; yet I cannot help
thinking that in general a patient reading of those
old-fashioned records will be adequately recom-
pensed by a valuable addition to our knowledge.
I might adduce many examples of such, were it
necessary; in the meantime I may mention one
book, the perusal of which has lately given me
both pleasure and instruction ; in size it is but a
child (8vo. pp. 544.) to some of the giants belong-
ing to the same school of divinity, and I suppose
has now become rather a rarity :
" Tsagoge ad Dei Providentiam ; or, a Prospect of Di-
vine Providence. By T. C., M.A. London : printed by
A. Maxwell for Edward Brewster, at the Sign of the
Crane in St. Paul's Churchyard, 1G72."
Having been pleased with an author, we are
naturally inclined to know as much of his history
as we can obtain, and disappointed at any obstacle
in exploring it. It may be remarked as not a
little curious the practice that then prevailed of so
many of the Puritan divines burying their names
in their publications under initials, while their
printers and booksellers displayed themselves and
their addresses on the title-pages at full length.
From " T. C." we might have conjectured long
enough to whom we were indebted for this mas-
terly exposition of God's Providence. The benefit
of Captain Cuttle's advice in " making a Note,"
may here be instanced. A contemporary of
Crane's, and who had likely been himself one of
the persecuted brethren, takes up fhe volume be-
fore me, and probably as a niemorial of friendship
inscribes on it the following, wjiich at once eluci-
dates the point :
" The Rev. Mr. Thomas Crane, M.A. (the Author of
this Book) was Ejected from Rampisham in Dorsetshire.
He had his Education in y e University of Oxford, had
been assistant to the Rev. Mr. Richard Allein. Hje was a
learned good man, and a great observer of the steps of
Divine Providence towards himself and others. He was
a hard Student, and had a penetrating Genius, and his
Composures were remarkably Judicious. He was a good
Textuary and an excellent Casuist. After his Eject-
ment he settled at Bedminster, where he was a constant
Preacher, at which place he Died in the year 1714, aged
84 years."
Feeling anxious to be acquainted with a few
more particulars respecting this divine, I have
consulted ISTeal and other sources, but can find no
traces of him, and I am disposed to think he has
been omitted among the Puritan worthies. The
editor's kind insertion of this may elicit further
notices from correspondents, and if not, he will at
least be better preserved in the pages of " N. &
Q." than by a fragile piece of manuscript in a
worm-eaten volume, till some future historian
enrol him in his lists. G. N.
TOBACCO.
According to the Chronicle of the Quiche
tribes of Guatemala, when Jepeu, the Creator, be-
gan the creation of living animals, after an un-
successful attempt to make the animals bow to
the deities, they were destroyed; wooden men
were tried, with no better success, and also de-
stroyed. Various other attempts at creation were
made, but always unsuccessfully.
" The destruction of several ' Criadores,' arrogantly
mutinying against the sun and moon, though, properly
speaking, neither of the two were in existence, is nar-
rated at some length. The destruction planned for these
demi-gods is of various kinds. Two of them are enticed
into the infernal regions, where they are treated with cigars
by the Princes of Hell (senores del infierno). At all
events, the smoking of tobacco must be a very old inven-
tion, if the Central Americans considered it to have been
indulged in at the time of the creation of man."
2 nd S. N 33., AUG. 16. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
125
This note is extracted from a letter by Nicolaus
Triibner on Central American archeology, in The
AthencRum of Saturday, May 31, 1856 (p. 684,).
The Quiche migrated to Guatemala, and founded
their state about the twelfth century; if they
came from Mexico, it is likely this legend came
thence. The holy city of Tula, in Mexico, was
founded 558 A.D. If this is the farthest back
point ascertainable, then we may suppose that at
the beginning of the Christian era the custom of
smoking tobacco, and using it in the shape of the
cigar, was common ; and had been perhaps known
and used time immemorial. If this be too great
.an assumption, at the building of Mexico in 1141
A.D. this was true ; and it certainly was so in 1200
A.D., when the Quiche founded their empire. In
any case, this, even the last date, is the farthest
back- period to which this custom can be traced
as yet. And this note is well worth preservation,
as an addition to the existing stock in "N. & Q."
Mr. Triibner says of the Chronicle, that the
legends are the work of Indian priests ; and are,
upon the whole, to be looked upon as genuine.
If the mixture of astronomy with the Brahmanical
religion, and of the compass with that of China,
be considered the most undeniable proofs of the
very remote period at which the study of astro-
nomy was first begun in India, and of that at
which the polarity of the magnetic needle was
first discovered in China, the existence of this
tobacco-legend in the sacred books of the Central
American Indians must impress on us the very
remote period at which this "Indian weed" was
first gathered and consumed by the American
tribes. C. D. L.
ILLUSTRATIONS OF MACAULAY.
Prince of Orange's Circular. The following
are extracted from the Wells Records, and may
prove of some interest to the readers of " N". &
Q.," in further illustration of Macaulay. ' INA.
" Wells Civitas sive Jturgus.
" Convocaco. generalii tent' undecimo die Januarii,
1G88.
" Mr. Nicholas Paynter, Mayor.
Mr. Coward, Recorder.
Mr. Salmon, Justice,
Mr. Jn Davis.
Mr. Rob'tus Thomas.
Mr. Watts.
Mr. Merefield.
Mr. Broadbeard.
Mr. Jeale.
Mr. Hole.
Mr. Cooke.
Mr. Baron. L ' ,
Mr. Phil. Evans.
Mr. Cupper.
Mr. Hill.
Mr. Nich 3 Thomas.
Mr. Brown,
Mr. Hippisley ,
" This day Mr. Mayor produced a letter by him re-
ceived from His Royal Highness the Prince of Orange,
directing the choosing (according to antient custom) two
sufficient Burgesses of the City to represent the same at
the general Convocation to be held at Westminster the
22nd instant (which letter being publiquely read), This
Convocation in obedience thereto proceeded to an elec-
tion, and accordingly elected Edward Berkeley and
Thomas Wyndham, Esquires, two of the discreetest Bur-
gesses of this said City, to represent this City at the said
Convocation.
" A. true Coppy of the Circular Letter from the Prince
of Orange.
"Whereas the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, the
Knights, Citizens, and Burgesses heretofore Members of
the Commons House of Parliament during the reigne of
King Charles the Second, residing in and about the Citty
of London, together with the Aldermen and divers of the
Comon Councill of the said Citty, at this extraordinary
juncture, at our request severally assembled to advise Us
the best manner how to attain the ends of our Declaration
in calling a free Parliament for the preservation of the
Protestant religion, and restoring the rights and liberties
of the Kingdom, and settling the same, that they may
not be in danger of being again subverted; Have ad-
vised and desired us to cause our letters to be written
and directed for the Counties, to the Coroners of the re-
spective Counties or any one of them, And in default of
the Coroners, to any one of the Clerks of the Peace of the
respective Counties; And for the Universities, to the
respective Vice-Chancellors ; And for the Citties, Bo-
roughs, and Cinque Ports, to the chief Magistrate of such
Citty, Borough, or Cinque Port, conteyninge directions
for the- choosing, in all such Counties, Citties, Universi-
ties, Boroughs, and Cinque Ports within ten days after
the said respective Letters, such a number of persons to
represent them as from every such place is or are of right
to be sent to Parliament, of which election, and the time
and place thereof, the respective officers shall give notice :
The Notice for the intended election for the Counties to
be published in the Markett Towns within the respective
Counties by the space : of five days at the least before the
said election ; And for the Universities, Citties, Boroughs,
and Cinque Ports, in every of them respectively, by the
space of three days at the least before the said election :
The said letters and the execution thereof to be returned
by such officer or officers who shall execute the same to
the Clerk of the Crown in the Court of Chancery, so as
the person so to be chosen may meet and sit at Westmin-
ster on the 22nd day of January next.
" We, heartily desiring the performance of what we
have in our said Declaration represented, in pursuance of
the said advice and desire have caused this our Letter to
be written to you, to the intent that you truly and right-
fully, without favour or affection to any person or indirect
practice or proceeding, do and execute what of your part
ought to be done, according to the said advice, for the
due execution thereof; The elections to be made by
such persons only as, according to the antient laws and
customs, of right ought to choose Members for Parliament.
And that you cause a Return to be made by Certificate
under your seal of the names of the persons elected, an-
nexed to this our Letter, to the said Clerk of the Crown
before the 22nd day of January.
"Given at St. James's, the 29th day of December, 1688-
" WILL* ORANGE.
To the Chief Magistrate or such others
of the Citty of Wells, in the County of
Somerset, who have right to make re-
turns of Members to serve in Parlia-
126
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[ 2 nd s. NO 33., AUG. 16. '56.
ment, according to the antient usage of
the said Citt'y before the surrender of
Charters made in thertime of King
Charles the Second."
Copy of the return :
" Wells Civit. slve Burgus in Coin. Somersett. *
" We, the Mayor, Masters, and Burgesses of the said
City or Borough do hereby humbty Certify, That in per-
formance and obedience to the Letter hereunto annexed
from His Highness the Prince of Orange, this llth day of
January, 1688, have truly and rightfully, without favour
or affection to any person, or indirect practice or proceed-
ing, elected and chosen Edward Berkeley and Thomas
Wyndham, Esquires, two of the discreetest and fittest of
the Burgesses of the City aforesaid to represent us in the
Convencon appointed to be held at Westminster the two
and twentieth day of this instant January, the said Elec-
tion being made according to the antient usage and cus-
tome for elections for Parliament within the said City,
and after due notice of the time and place of such election
given to all parties therein concerned."
VAUGHAN AND ROGERS.
The exquisite little poem called The Retreate
has ever been my favourite among Henry
Vaughan's compositions. I was sorry, therefore,
the other day to find one of the most beautiful
ideas in it contradicted by the alleged experience
of another poet, Samuel Rogers.
" The Retreate.
" Happy those early dayes when I
Shined in my angell-infancy !
Before I understood this place
Appointed for my second race,
Or taught my soul to fancy ought
But a white, celestiall thought ;
When yet I had not walked above
A mile or two from my first love,
And looking back, at that short space
Could see a glimpse of His bright face;
When on some gilded cloud or flowre
My gazing soul would dwell an houre,
And in those weaker glories spy
Some shadows of eternity !
Oh ! how I long to travel back
And tread again that ancient track I
That I might once more reach that plaine
Where first I left my glorious traine ;
From whence the Inlightened Spirit sees
That shady City of Palme trees ! "
" Table- Talk of Samuel Rogers.
" One afternoon, at court, I was standing beside two
intimate acquaintances of mine, an old nobleman and a
middle-aged lady of rank, when the former remarked to
the latter that he thought a certain young lady near us
very beautiful. The middle-aged lady replied, ' I cannot
see any particular beauty in her.' ' Ah, madam,' he re-
joined, ' to us old men youth always appeal's beautiful ! '
a speech with which Wordsworth, when I repeated it to
him, was greatly struck. The fact is, till we are about to
leave the world we do not perceive how much it contains
to excite our interest and admiration ; the sunsets appear
to me far lovelier now than they were in other years ; and the
bee upon the flower is now an object of curiosity to me, which
it was not in my early days." P. 138.
Both Vaughan's and Rogers's sentiments here
are so striking one hardly knows which to be-
lieve. Perhaps both are true, old age being se-
cond childhood. Wordsworth is here mentioned
by Rogers, and this reminds me to notice the
strong parallel between The Retreate and his Ode
to Infancy. Is it known if Wordsworth admired
Vaughan ? A. A. D.
COACH MISERIES.
There being persons who seriously lament the
good old time of coaches, when they could travel
leisurely and securely, see the country and con-
verse with the natives, it may be well to register
some of the miseries before they are altogether
effaced from the memory. Antony remarks
that
" The evil that men do lives after them ;
The good is oft interred with their bones."
It is certainly not desirable that the good of
coaches should be interred with their bones :
neither is it by any means to be wished that the
evil should entirely cease to live after them, so as to
render us indifferent, and thankless, and insensible
to the superior advantages of modern locomotion.
First Misery. Although your place has been
contingently secured days before, and you have
risen with the lark, yet you see the ponderous
vehicle arrive full full full. And this, not
unlikely, more than once.
2. At the end of a stage, beholding the four
panting, reeking, foamy animals, which have
dragged you twelve miles : and the stiff, galled,
scraggy relay crawling and limping out of the
yard.
3. Being politely requested, at the foot of a
tremendous hill, to ease the horses. Mackintoshes,
vulcanised Indian rubber, gutta percha, and gos-
samer dust-coats, then unknown.
4. An outside passenger resolving to endure no
longer " the pelting of the pitiless storm," takes
refuge, to your consternation, within with drip-
ping hat, saturated cloak, and soaked umbrella.
5. Set down with a promiscuous party to a
meal bearing no resemblance to that of a good
hotel, except in the charge: and no time to enjoy it.
6. Closely packed in a box, " cabin'd, crib'd,
confined, bound in," with five companions morally
or physically obnoxious, for two or three com-
fortless nights and days.
7. During a halt overhearing the coarse lan-
guage of the ostlers and tipplers at the road -side
pot-house : and besieged by beggars exposing their
mutilations.
8. Roused from your nocturnal slumber by the
2 d S. NO 33., AUG. 16. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
127
horn or bugle, the lashing and cracking of whip,
turnpike gates, a search for parcels under your
seat, and solicitous drivers.
9. Discovering at a diverging point in your
journey that the "Tally ho" runs only every other
day or so, or has finally stopped.
10. Clambering from the wheel by various iron
projections to your elevated seat.
11. After threading the narrowest streets of an
ancient town, entering the inn yard by^ a low
gateway, to the imminent risk of decapitation.
12. Seeing the luggage piled " Olympus high,"
so as to occasion an alarming oscillation.
13. Having the reins and whip placed in your
unpractised hands while coachee indulges in a
glass and a chat.
14. When dangling at the extremity of a seat
overcome with drowsiness.
15. Exposed -to piercing draughts, owing to a
refractory glass; or, vice versa, being in a mi-
nority, you are compelled, for the sake of ventila-
tion, to thrust your umbrella accidentally through
a pane.
16. At various seasons, suffocated with dust,
and broiled by a powerful sun ; orcowering under
an umbrella in a drenching rain or petrified
with cold or torn by fierce winds or struggling
through snow or wending your way through
perilous floods.
17. Perceiving that a young squire is receiving
an initiatory practical lesson in the art of driving,
or that a jibbing horse, or a race with an opposi-
tion, is endangering your existence.
18. Losing the enjoyment or employment of
much precious time, not only on the road, but
also from consequent fatigue.
19. Interrupted before the termination of your
hurried meal by your two rough- coated, big-
buttoned, many-caped friends, the coachman and
guard who hope you will remember them. Al-
though the gratuity has been repeatedly calcu-
lated in anticipation, you fail in making the mutual
remembrances agreeable. C. T.
Bolingbroke's Letter to Pope. In the Illustrated
London News, a few weeks since, appeared an
original letter from Lord Bolingbroke to Pope,
supposed to have been never before published,
the authenticity of which was doubted by The
Athenceum. As " N. & Q." is an authority in any-
thing relating to Pope, perhaps I may be allowed
to record in its columns that this letter was first
published more than ninety years ago, viz. in the
Annual Register for 1763, p. 196. No authority
is there given for its authenticity, and it is un-
dated. I may add, that in the Register for the
year 1764, p. 222., is another letter, stated to be
" original," from Pope to the Duchess of Hamilton,
which is not printed in any edition of Pope's
Letters. C. J. DOUGLAS.
[The last letter noticed by our correspondent is printed
in Roscoe's edition of Pope's Works, vol. viii. p. 332. The
words prefixed to it, " The writer drunk," are omitted bv
Roscoe.]
A Military Dinner-parly. As banquets to our
brave soldiers are now in vogue, and it is proposed
to give a grand dinner to the Guards, on their re-
turn to the Metropolis, the readers of " N. & Q."
may be glad to learn that the greatest dinner ever
known in England was that given by Lord Rom-
ney to the Kent volunteers on August 1, 1799,
when George III. reviewed them near Maidstone.
The tables, amounting to ninety-one in number,
were seven miles and a half long, and the boards
for the tables cost 1500Z. The entertainment, to
which 6500 persons sat down, consisted of 60
lambs in quarters, 200 dishes of roast beef, 700
fowls (3 in a dish), 220 meat pies, 300 hams, 300
tongues, 220 fruit pies, 220 dishes of boiled beef,
220 joints of roast veal. Seven pipes of port were
bottled off, and sixteen butts of ale, and as much
small beer was also placed in large vessels, to
supply the company. After dinner his Majesty's
health was given in a bumper by the volunteers,
all standing uncovered, with three times three,
accompanied by the music of all the bands.
J. YEOWELL.
Shakspeare and his Printers. In the April
number (No. 210.) of the Edinburgh Review, is
an article on the " Correctors and Corrections of
Shakspeare;" in the course of which the vil-
lanous typographical blundering of the Heminge
and Condell folio is the subject of strong repre-
hension. But qualis ab incfsptu with the me-
chanical men of type. In that same Edinburgh,
in a subsequent article, on " Body and Mind," the
reviewer has occasion to quote the dagger-soli-
loquy from Macbeth ; and the quotation, in a
small way, is worthy of the old folio men : ivork
being printed for worth, the for thy, and eye for
eyes ! " Physician, heal thyself ! "
A DESULTORY READER.
Jersey.
A Mission of the Press. In a Times' leader of
June 30, the writer indulges in some pertinent
remarks upon the little that powerful engine, the
Press, has yet effected towards breaking down the
legal abominations of crabbed MS. and cumbrous
parchments, by substituting readable print and
tractable paper for deeds and other registered
documents, to the great relief of the purses and
brains of the lieges popularly supposed to read
and understand the former.
Warming with his subject, the writer predicts
the time when the country squire, deprived of his
out-of-door recreation by a rainy day, will over-
128
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2a S. NO 33., AUG. 16. '56,
look the Quarterly Review and County Chronicle,
and betake himself foi Amusement to the morocco
gilt volume whick contains the now intelligible
title deeds of his estate.
As all men will, doubtless, welcome any indica-
tion of the advent of this mission of the Pre'ss, it
may be worth while recording in the pages of
"K & Q." that the initiative in this movement
has already been taken in a very appropriate
quarter ; for there now lies before me a very
handsome, thin royal 8vo., entitled Glenormiston,
1849-50, which contains the history of the acqui-
sition of that estate, with plans, title deeds, and a
variety of useful information thereanent, expressly
compiled and printed "with a view to the con-
venient preservation and reference" of the pro-
prietor, Mr. William Chambers. J. O.
Family of Pendrell. The following brief addi-
tions to the notices of this loyal family, which are
collected by Mr. Hughes in his edition of the
Boscobel Tracts (1830), may not be unacceptable
to your readers :
" Frances Jones ~\
& [-Daughters of Wm. Pendrel.
Anne Lloyd J
" At the court at Windsor, 27^ June, 1680.
" His Majesty is graciously pleased to refer this peti-
tion to the right hon ble Lords Com 1 " 8 of the Treasury to
take such course as they shall judge most ready and
expedient for the Pet" relief."
Notes of Petitions, in Bodl. MS. Rawl., c. 421.
fol. 182.
" Yesterday the Commons in a Committee received a
clause to oblige all papists and non jurors in Great Brit-
tain to register their names and estates ; alsoe a clause to
exempt the familyes of the Pendrells in Staffordshire,
who are papists, from being taxed by this bill, on account
of their eminent services to the crown by saving King
Charles the 2, in the Royal Oak."
News-Letter of 9 May, 1723. Rawl. MS. C., 151.
fol. 98.
W. D. MACRAT.
Superstition of the present Day. The following
cutting, from The Tablet of July 26, is worth
the attention of the readers of "N. & Q." as a
specimen of the worse than heathenish supersti-
tion of many of our people :
" Will it be credited that thousands of people have,
during the past week, crowded a certain road in the vil-
lage of Melling, near Ormskirk, to inspect a sycamore
tree which has burst its bark, and the sap protrudes in a
shape resembling a man's head ? Rumour spread abroad
that it was the re-appearance of Palmer, who ' had come
again, because he was buried without a coffin ! " Some
inns in the neighbourhood of this singular tree reaped a
rich harvest."
K. P. D. E.
Mortgaging' the Dead! If a literal be also a
legitimate use, in its present application, of the
word wior/gage (a dead pledge), we have classical
authority for stating that mortgaging the dead
was a legalised mode, among the Egyptians, of
giving security for money borrowed : a poor in-
demnity to the creditor in case of nonpayment.
The embalmed body of the deceased relative ac-
companied a guest to the feast, where, if money
was required, the sacred possession was deposited
by the borrower in pledge it was a strictly legal
transaction. For wow-redemption there was a
severe penalty, which one might imagine the pe-
culiar doctrine engrafted on that of the soul's
immortality would rarely allow an Egyptian to
incur. The parties not redeeming were denied
the right of interment themselves, and the privi-
lege of giving their relatives and friends burial.
In such cases the coffin-less body was carefully
preserved at home, without burial; but the de-
scendants of the deceased and excluded debtor
might honourably bury, provided compensation
was first made for the crime (if such had been
committed), or the debt refunded. It has been
conjectured, and with great probability, respect-
ing this law, mentioned by Herodotus (lib. ii.
s. 136.), that its object was to discourage the bor-
rowing of money ; rendering it peculiarly infa-
mous by entailing on those who practised it a
revolting traffic, and forfeiture of what the debtor
was accustomed to regard as his dearest and most
sacred treasure. F. PHILLOTT.
The kings Health.
" Here's a health unto his Majesty, with a fa, la, la.
Conversion to his enemies, with a fa, la, la.
And he that will not pledge his health,
I wish him neither wit nor wealth,
Nor yet a rope to hang himself.
With a fa, la, la, la,
With a fa, la, la," &c.
Mr. Peter Cunningham, in his charming Story of
Nell Gwyn, quotes the above lines from Forbes's
Songs and Fancies, Aberdeen, 1682. When the
volume is printed again, which it must be ere
long, the author should alter his reference to
Catch that Catch Can ; or the Musical Companion :
containing Catches and Bounds for Three and Four
Voyces, tifc., 4to. 1667, in which work the song or
glee in question first appeared. Forbes misprints
the composer's name John Savile ; it ought to be
Jeremiah Savile, as in Catch that Catch Can.
Nothing is known of the composer, farther than
that he wrote the music of " His Majestie's
Health," and "The Waits." The latter is well
known to all lovers of social harmony.
EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
"The Brute Chronicles" Being engaged in
preparing for publication the French Prose Chro-
nicles of England called the Brute, for which
purpose I am now collating the various texts, I
2 nd S. N 33., AUG. 16. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
129
should be glad to know whether there are in
existence any other copies besides those specified
by SIR F. MADDEN, in an article on the subject
of these Chronicles, " N. & Q.," 2 nd S. i. 1 .
WILLIAM HENRY HART.
Albert Terrace, New Cross.
Agricultural Suicides. Was it an ordinary
event in the days of Elizabeth for farmers who
had hoarded corn, to hang themselves because the
season in which they had expected to realise their
profits was one of plentiful crops ? One would
think so from the copious allusions to the practice
in works of fiction of the time :
" Here's a farmer that hanged himself on the expecta-
tion of plenty." Macbeth, Act II. Sc. 3.
" And hang'd himself when corn grows cheap again."
Hall's Satires, Book iv. Satire 6.
Again in Every Man out of his Humour (Act
III. Sc. 2.), Sordido hangs himself because the
prognostication of foul weather, on the strength of
which he had hoarded his grain, proved delusive.
Any explanation of these allusions, by the ad-
duction of recorded facts, will be acceptable to
C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY.
Birmingham.
Old House at Poplar. I am desirous of obtain-
ing some further particulars regarding an old
house and property in the parish of Poplar than
can be obtained from Stow ; the date of the house
is 1612, and the property is a ship-yard, generally
believed to be the oldest in England. I know it
to have been in existence before the house, and
am anxious, if possible, to discover its date and
subsequent history ; also when the dry docks were
built, &c. ? Perhaps MR. W. H. HART, or some
other of your correspondents, can afford me some
help, by doing which they will much oblige
R. SINISTER.
Blackwall.
Secondary Punishments wgzt> in force. Can any
of your readers courteously inform me whether
there exists any work of this year, or any trust-
worthy article of review, which- gives a synopsis
of the various secondary punishments now (1856)
in force in England ? There have been so many
modifications lately, that a treatise one or two
years old is hardly reliable. VINDEX.
Money enclosed in Seal of legal Documents.
On a deed of sale of a quit-rent at Alnwick, in
Northumberland, in the year 1655, is the follow-
ing execution, viz. :
" Signed, sealled, and delivered with one single two-
pence lawfull money of England put into the seale in
the token of the possession, livery, and seizen of the out-
rent or white-rent of five shillings by yeare within
named, in presence of these witnesses," &c.
On breaking the seal, I found in it a silver two-
pence, with the rose on one side, and the thistle
on the other.
Query, was the enclosing a piece of money in
the seal ever a common custom, or legally neces-
sary ? W. C. TREVELYAN.
Wellington.
^ "Punjab." I have heard that this is a compo-
site word formed from Punj, five, and ab, waters :
viz., the Indus, Jhelum (or Jeylum),Chenab, Eavee,
and Sutlej. I am not acquainted with Hindus-
tani, and shall feel obliged to any of your corre-
spondents who will translate the foregoing proper
names. Chenab seems to be a composite word,
like Punjab. G. L. S.
" When you go to Rome, do as Rome does."
Among the many derivations of proverbs regis-
tered in " N. & Q.," I have not seen *he above
noticed ; and this to me is the more remarkable,
as it has been attributed to no less a personage
than St. Ambrose of Milan. Some time ago, in
turning over the leaves of a copy of Tracts for the
Times, a fragment of paper dropped out, a cut-
ting from some book which I did not know, and
on it the following :
" In the time of St. Augustin, this question respecting
Saturday being in its infancy, that great theologist was
in 'the habit of dining upon Saturday as upon Sunday ;
but his mother, Monica, being puzzled with the different
practices then prevailing (for they had begun to fast at
Rome on Saturday), applied to her son for a solution of
the difficulty. He in return actually went to Milan on
purpose to consult St. Ambrose on the subject. Now, at
Milan, they did not fast on Saturday, and the answer of
the Milan saint to the Hippo saint was this : When I go
to Rome I fast on the Saturday as they do .at Rome, but
when I am here I do not ; ' an advice that is current
amongst us to this day 'When you go to Rome, do as
the people of Rome do.' "
Not being "up" in the works of St. Augustine
or? St. Ambrose, perhaps some of the readers of
"'N. & Q." will favour me with stating where
such t passage can be found in either of the
Fathers referred to ? M. C.
William Dunlap. I wish very much to ascer-
tain whether an American author, of the name of
William Dunlap, is still living ; or (if not living)
the date of his death. He is author (besides many
other works) of the Life of Charles Brochden
Brown. He was also a painter of some eminence.
The information I desire is likely to be found in a
work recently published, Duycink's Cyclopaedia of
American Literature. R. J.
"The Sisters 1 Tragedy" I would be greatly
obliged if any of your readers could inform me
who wrote a play called The Sisters' Tragedy,
printed by W. Nicol, Pall Mall, in 1834 ? The
scene of the play is laid in Granada ; and the
author appear^ to have been indebted to Tenny-
son's Ballad of the Sisters for the groundwork of
130
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd g. N 33., AUG. 16. '56.
the plot. There are some prefatory lines, dated
Hampstead, Aug. 18^ by J. B. (Joanna Baillie).
R. J.
Colonel Forrester. Speaking ^ of Jack Ellis
and his extraordinary social qualities, whichmade
him familiar at once with the great and lowly,
Boswell says :
"The brilliant Colonel Forrester, the author of the
Polite Philosopher (first published at Edinburgh, 1734)
was amongst the former."
Where can any particulars be obtained regard-
ing this Scottish Chesterfield? J. O.
Quotation wanted : " Where is thy land" Will
any of your readers oblige me by saying where
are to be found the lines
" Where is thy land? 'tis where the woods are waving
In their dark richness to the summer air;
Where the blue streams a thousand flower-banks laving,
Lead down the hills in veins of light 'tis there."
The style and phraseology point to Mrs. He-
mans, but I have not been able to find the lines
in her works. T. J. E.
Device and Motto. I shall feel obliged if any
of the correspondents of " N. & Q." can tell me
the meaning of the following device and motto
engraved on an old seal. The device consists of
a bird with a branch in its mouth seated on a
sheaf of corn ; on one side of which is a lion, and
on the other a serpent, with the motto " IN OUTE."
The device is not difficult to understand ; but I
can make nothing at all of the motto. J. J.
" Carmina Quadragesimalia." Is any record
kept at Christ Church of the authors of the beau-
tiful Latin poems called Carmina Quadragesi-
malia? As far as regards elegant and correct
Latinity, they are worthy to be ranked with the
poetry of the Augustan age. Can any of your
classical readers inform me whether any more
than two volumes have been printed ? They bear
date 1723 and 1748 respectively, and are both
dedicated to students of Christ Church, the former
volume by Charles Este, the latter by Antony
Parsons. OXONIENSIS.
Aspasids Wart. A reviewer in a recent number
of The Athenceum tells how Aspasia was advised in a
dream to apply rose leaves to an ugly wart on her
face. What is his authority ? R. T. SCOTT.
Pictures by Haffaelle in England, and in what
Collections? I should feel thankful for an ac-
curate list of the finished original pictures now in
this country by Raffaelle : stating in what collec-
tions they are, and, if possible, when they were
first brought here. Such list, of course, only to
comprehend well-known and undoubted works ;
of which, it is to be feared, there are not half-a-
dozen to be met with in England, besides the
cartoons at Hampton Court, and the four in our
National Gallery. JOHN J. PENSTONE.
Stanford- in-the- Vale, Berks.
Bibliographical Queries.
1. Can any of your readers give me some ac-
count of the subject of an old work, entitled Dac-
tyliotheca Smythiana, which was published at Venice
in the seventeenth century ?
2. Has there ever been any cheap reprint of
the Bohe of St. Albarfs ?
3. Is the True Spirit and Practice of Chivalry,
by Digby, considered a standard work ? and has it
been favourably received by critics ?
SIGMA THETA.
" Judith Culpeper." I have a curious old
letter with the above signature, of which the fol-
lowing is a copy :
" March the 22 nd , 1675.
" May itt please y r Grace,
" Upon the receipt of a letter from my Lord privy Seal
importinge that the draught of a conveyance. . . sealed to
mee by my Brother was the full effect of y r Lopps mediation
for mee I have accordingly sealed itt. And though I
must needs say I hoped for somewhat better conditions,
yet y r Lopps pleasure commanded my sorrowful sub-
scription, Especially for the purchasinge of property ( ?)
between soe neere relations. My Brother hath given mee
many and great assurances of his future Justice to mee in
performing this Agreem*. Butt as my confidence in y p
Lopps wisedome was the principall motive of my compli-
ance, soe the continuance of y r favour to me is still my
best security. . . I therefore humbly implore y r grace
in compassion of my weaknesse to afford mee . ye com-
pleatinge y r mediation. Nott doubtinge butt God will
abundantly requite v r Goodnesse to mee.
" My Lord,
" Y r Graces most obliged serv*,
" JUDITH CULPEPER."
Can any of your sagacious readers inform me
who was this " Judith Culpeper " and her bro-
ther ? As the letter came from a Kent collection,
it was probably written by a relation of Sir
Thomas Culpeper (or Colepeper, or Culpepper) of
Hollingbourne, who died about the close of the
seventeenth century. Many monuments of the
family are erected in Hollingbourne church, and
doubtless a good county history contains a list of
them. Can any conjecture be made as to the
personage to whom the letter was addressed ?
Was it not probably to Sheldon, Archbishop of
Canterbury, to which see the manor of Holling-
borne belongs? The letter is endorsed on the
back " Anthony Horsmonden." Vox.
Was Henry IV. nursed by an Irishwoman ?
In the Calendar of the Patent and Close Rolls of
the Irish Chancery, vol. i. (all published) p. 179.,
the Calendar of the Roll. Pat. 6 Henry IV.,
l a Pars commences : at article 2, a number of
letters of protection are given ; and amongst them
we find the remarkable entry, " Et Marg' Taaf,
nutrix Kegis, Dublin, 18 Mali." This would seem
2 nd S. NO 33., AUG. 16. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
131
to settle the point conclusively. Query, has this
fact been ere now noticed ? JAMES GRAVES, Clk.
Kilkenny.
The Great Heat. I am told that twenty years
ago there was a similar drought in the country to
the present. The heat was, as it now is, intense ;
farmers suffered considerably ; the corn stalk was
but a foot high, and, instead of being cut, was
plucked.
Can any correspondent of " N. & Q." give a
more detailed account of the above facts ? KARL.
Rev. Mr. Simmons. Is anything known of the
Rev. Mr. Simmons, to whom the witty sermon in
the Cripplegate Morning Exercises, " How may
we get rid of Spiritual Sloth," is attributed. Ca-
lamy inserts his name in the list of those ministers
who preached occasionally when the Act of Uni-
formity passed. W. G. L.
Westbourne Grove.
George Liddell. Can any Scottish poetical
antiquary furnish a Note about " George Liddell
of Edinburgh," who wrote The Swans Song, or
Pleasant Meditations on the Way, the tenth edition
corrected ; Lond., printed for the Author, and sold
by Lillias Liddell in Edin. 1710, 12mo. pp. 48 ?
Mr. Liddell seems to have been the poet of the
religious million ; and besides this piece of dog-
grel, our illustrious obscure announces " These
books following, by the same author, are sold by
him and his daughter Lillias Liddell, in Edin.,"
viz. 1. A Garden of Spiritual Flowers ; 2. The
Traveller s Song ; 3. Good Company ; 4. Manna
Gathered; 5. Canaan's Grapes; 6. Apples of
Gold ; and 7. The Honey Comb. Presuming these
to be also in verse, and judging from the popu-
larity of the Swarfs Song, Mr. Liddell would ap-
pear to have obtained some notoriety as a small
poet. J. O.
Rubens' Pictures : Antwerp Cathedral. With
reference to the celebrated " Descent from the
Cross," which, as every one knows, consists of five
pictures, can any of your readers say whether the
painting at the back of one of the doors, repre-
senting, according to Murray, a hermit with a
lantern, is not, in fact, intended as a fifth repre-
sentation of St. Christopher, under the form of a
priest carrying the viaticum ? The presumption
is in favour of this hypothesis, since the four re-
maining pictures all symbolise St. Christopher in
some form or other, and it is well-known that they
were painted for the Guild of Cross-bowmen, of
whom that saint is the patron. The idea that such
was Rubens' intention is suggested by the author
of a recently-published work entitled Flemish In-
teriors, and seems to me a very appropriate one.
My attention has been further drawn to the
subject by a smart correspondence carried on for
the last three weeks in the Weekly Register,
giving expression to contending opinions on the
passage in question of the above-mentioned vo-
lume. QU.3BRENS.
" Round about our Coal Fire, or Christmas En-
tertainments.'" What is the date of the earliest
edition of an interesting pamphlet so called ?
Halliwell, in his Catalogue of Chap- Books, p. 148.,
mentions an edition in 12mo., 1796, which he calls
" A very curious tract, composed at the end of
the seventeenth, or very early in the following
century." My own copy, dated 1734, is called
" The Fourth Edition, with great Additions." It
is dedicated u To the Worshipful Mr. Lun, Com-
pleat Witch-maker of England, and Conjurer-
General of the Universe, at his Great House in
Covent-garden." EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
Corn Measures. I am desirous of obtaining
correct information as to the difference between
the proportions of the Winchester bushel and the
imperial bushel (established by the " Act of
Uniformity," which took effect from Jan. 1, 1826) ;
this last contains 22181 cubic inches," and I have
one table stating the Winchester bushel to have
contained 2178 cubic inches, and another that it
was j y part larger than the imperial. WM. M,
Tring.
tot'tij
" Bishop Burners Solution of Two Cases of
Conscience." Miss Strickland affirms that two
treatises under the above title, one on " Poly-
gamy," and the other on " Divorce," were " ex-
punged " from Bishop Burnet's works. May I beg
the favour of a reference, if any correspondent
can give one, to any edition of Burnet's works
containing these treatises ; or any good grounds
for supposing that he ever wrote them ? As to
Miss Strickland's testimony, she must write in a
more unbiassed spirit before her evidence reckons
for anything more than Jacobite gossip. A. B. R.
Belmont.
[These two Treatises are noticed by Bevil Higgons in
his Historical and Critical Remarks on Bishop Burnet's
History of his Own Time, 2nd edit. 1727, p. 158., who has
given the whole of the bishop's resolution to the second
question, " Is polygamy in any case lawful under the
Gospel?" His reason for omitting the bishop's resolu-
tion on Barrenness was owing to some expressions in it
so indecent as would offend the fair sex. John Macky,
however, has not been so delicately sensitive : for, as an
admirer of the bishop, he has inserted both papers in the
Appendix to his Memoirs of the Secret Services, edit. 1733,
pp. xxiv. to xxxiii., and reproaches the bishop's son for
suppressing them. " These papers," says Macky, " Bur-
net put into the hands of Lord Lauderdale and others,
with an intent to farther the design of divorcing His
Majesty, and thereby of providing, by a re-marriage,
heirs to the crown, and excluding the Duke of York.
132
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2a S. NO 33'., AUG. 16. '56.
Why these very curious anecdotes are denied a place in
our prelate's remarkably 'history, I cannot assign the
cause; but this I know, that he himself had inserted
them. The late Archdeacon Echard assured me, that he
had read them in his Lordship's manuscript; and as I
have obtained exact copies of them, I think jnyself
obliged, both in justice to the bishop's memory, as well as
the republic of letters, to preserve them for the informa^
tion and benefit, not only of the present, but of all suc-
ceeding times." The original, in Burnet's handwriting,
was copied at Ham in 1680, with the Duke of Lauder-
dale's permission, by Paterson, Archbishop of Glasgow,
testified under his episcopal seal, it being then in the
Duke's possession.
Unfortunately for the bishop, his troublesome opponent,
Dr. Hickes, had been favoured with a sight of these Trea-
tises, and notices them in his work, Some Discourses upon
Dr. Burnet and Dr. filiation, 4t(x, 1695, p. 20., which
elicited from Burnet the following explanation :
" He charges me with a Paper, stating the Lawfulness
of Divorce in case of Barrenness, with relation to King
Charles the Second's Marriage ; which he says was a Pro-
ject of the Earl of Shaftsbury's, and his Party, to put by
the Duke of York. I cannot reflect on this Author's way
of writing, without remembring an Italian Proverb, that
has indeed more of Sense than of Religion in it ; God
preserve me from my Friends, I will preserve myself from
my Enemies. .What the Earl of Shaftsbury's Designs in
that matter were, I do not know ; for he never Once
spoke of them to me. But I remember well that the
Duke (then Earl of) Lauderdale moved it to me. He was
the first that ever discovered to me the Secret of King
James's Religion ; and when he saw me struck with
great apprehensions upon it, he fell upon the Head of
Divorce, and told me many Particulars that I think fit
to suppress. I afterwards knew that the Matter of Fact
was falsely stated to me. I Avas then but Seven and
twenty, and was pretty full of the Civil Law ; which had
been my first Study. So I told him several things out of
the Digests, Code, and Novels, upon that Head ; and in
a great variety of Discourse we went through many parts
of it : He seemed surprized at many things that I told
him ; and he desired me to state the matter in Paper. I
very frankly did it ; yet I told him I spoke of the sudden ;
but when I went home among my Books, I would con-
sider it more severely. The following Winter I writ to
him, and retracted that whole Paper; I answered the
most material Things in it ; and I put a Confutation of
my first and looser Thoughts, in a Book that I writ that
Winter, which I can shew to any that desires it. . The
Duke of Lauderdale was too wise to publish any thing
of this kind, tho in his passion he might have shewed it
to this Author. He knew that he had pressed me to talk
upon this Subject to the King himself; which I had re-
fused to do. A great deal more belongs to this Matter,
which I think fit to suppress : None but such a Person as
this Author is, would have published so much." Reflec-
tions upon a Pamphlet, entitled " Some Discourses 'upon
Dr. Burnet and Dr. Tillatson," 8vo., 1696, pp. 76-78.]
Commentary on " Proverbs'' 1 Who is the au-
thor of A Cornmentarie upon the whole JBooke of
the Proverbes of Solomon, London, 1596. In an
appendix to this book, consisting of " An Expo-
sition of certain choyse and excellent Proverbes
set downe scatteringly here and there in the
Scriptures," the following rendering is given of
Jeremiah, ch. xiii. v. 23. : " Can the blackamoore
chaunge his skinne, or leopard his blew spots."
Does any version of the English Bible contain this
translation ? Whence the idea that the spots of
the leopard were blue ? W. G. L.
Westbourne Grove.
[This work is by Peter Muffet, and was first printed in
1592, by Richard Field for R. Dexter, 8vo., and dedicated
to Edward Earle of Bedford. P. Muffet was also author
of " The Excellencie of the Mistery of Christ Jesus de-
clared in an Exposition vpon 1 Tim. iii. 16.," 1590. Seei
Herbert's Ames, pp. 1236. 1254. 1358.]
Author of " A Remedy against Superstition"
Who was the author of A Remedy against Super-
stition, or a Pastor's Farewel to a beloved Flock,
privately printed in the year 1667. The epistle
dedicatory is addressed " To his truly honoured
friends of the county of Devon." A copy in my
possession contains an addendum in MS. for which
it is hard to account, unless it be from the pen of
the author, as .there is no list of errata in the
book. W. G. L.
Westbourne Grove.
[This work is by William Crompton, minister of Col-
lumpton in Devonshire, but ejected at the Restoration for
nonconformity. " He lived at Collumpton and sometimes
at Exeter," says Wood, " carrying on at those places and
elsewhere a constant course (if not hindred) of preaching
in conventicles, especially in 1678-9, when the popish
plot broke out, and the faction endeavoured to obtain
their designs by it, when then he preached in despight of
authority, as also when king James II. and William III.
reigned." See Wood's Athence, by Bliss, vol. iv. 626.,
for a list of his works. In a copy of his Remedy against
Superstition before us, the Errata is printed on a separate
slip, and pasted on the last leaf,]
Duntoiis " Summer Ramble." Dunton, in his
Dublin Scuffle, frequently alludes to his intended
publication, which he calls his Summer Ramble [in
Ireland]. Query, was it ever published, and if
so, in what year ? JAMES GRAVES, Clerk.
Kilkenny.
[This Ramble, so frequently referred to in Dunton's
Conversation in Ireland, and The Dublin Scuffle, was pre-
pared for the press, but has never yet been printed. The
MS. is in the Rawlinson Collection in the Bodleian,-
No. 71.]
The Minerva of Sanctius. Sir William Ha-
milton says in a note, in his Discussions on Phito~
sophy
" To master the Minerva of Sanctius and his commen-
tators is a far more profitable exercise of mind than to
conquer the Principia of Newton."
Who is the Minerva of Sanctius ? who are his
commentators ? where is it to be got ? and what
is it about ? ENQUIRER.
[Francisco Sanchez (Lat. Sanctius Brocensis), was an
eminent Spanish grammarian, born in 1523, and died in
1601. The work which gained him most reputation was
his Minerva, seu de Causis Linguae Latins Commentarius,
Salamanca, 1587, 8vo. This was often reprinted during
the sixteenth century, and in more modern tinies at Am-
sterdam, 1754, 1761, 8vo., with remarks by Scioppius,
2 nd S. N 33., AUG. 10. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES,
133
and annotations by Perizonius. Another edition was
published at Utrecht, 1795, with the additions of Everard
Scheid; and a third at Leipsic in 17931804, with the
notes of Perizonius, and those of Charles Lewis Bauer.
See a notice of him in Rose's Biog. Dictionary.']
" The Shepherd of Banbury" I am most
anxious to ascertain where I can find any account
of " The Shepherd of Banbury." It is a book or
personage learned on the subject of the weather,
and he or it is quoted as a first authority on the
point by many in the midland districts.
MURPHY.
[This work is entitled The Shepherd of Baribury's
Rules to judge of the Changes of Weather, grounded on
Forty Years' Experience, fyc. By John Clariclge, Shep-
herd, 8vo., 1744 ; and reprinted in 1827. It is a work of
great popularity among the poor, and is attributed to
Dr. John Campbell, author of A Political Survey of
Britain. It is mostly a compilation from A Rational
Account of the Weather, by John Pointer, Rector of Slap-
ton, in Northamptonshire.]
Names of the Days of the Week. Ancient
deeds are frequently dated the day of the week on
which they were executed, e.g. Die Jovis, Die
Mercurii, &c. Will you, or any of your corre-
spondents, be so good as to give me the name of
heathen deity, &c., to which each day was dedi-
cated ? B.
[The following are the names of the heathen deities :
Dies Solis - Sunday.
Dies Lunae - Monday.
Dies Martis - - Tuesday.
Dies Mercurii - - Wednesday.
Dies Jovis '.'''.? ; - Thursday.
Dies Veneris - - Friday. '
Dies Saturni - - Saturday.
In some ancient deeds we find the equivalent terms Dies
Dominica for Sunday, and Dies Sabbati for Saturday.]
THE LATE REV. ROBERT MONTGOMERY.
(2 nd S. i. 293. 321. 400. 521 ; ii. 78.)
The question respecting the name of this gen-
tleman still remains a quibble. There is no doubt
that he was christened " Montgomery," and I ap-
prehend that the Weston where he was christened
is the pretty little village of that name, now al-
most forming part of Bath, which was the sceiie
of annual poetic fetes in the Johnsonian and
flourishing days of Aqua Solis. But the point
sought is, whether or not his father bore the said
surname*. I knew, and well, both Kobert and his
father. He, Robert, was the natural son of Mr.
Gomery, the clown, a most gentlemanly and very
well-informed man, and, decidedly, homme a
bonnes fortunes, by a lady who kept a school at
Bath, and who, subsequently, removed from that
city and married a respectable schoolmaster. One
of the best traits in Robert was his affection for
this mother, and amply she deserved it of him ;
she gave him an excellent education, and brought
him up carefully and religiously. Now, I have a
suspicion (rather, an impression that I once saw
him perform under the name) that Mr. Gomery
occasionally in his career prefixed to his name the
aristocratic "Mont." He was exceedingly am-
bitious to sink the clown in the actor ; and, when
engaged .solely in the latter capacity, became, I
suspect, Montgomery. I have little doubt, more-
over, that when in his younger days recommend-
ing himself to " a gentle belle," he would hint that
such was his name of right. Still, it may be
that, as Robert assured me soon after his father
had introduced him to me as, to use his own
words, a would-be Byron, his father was son or
grandson of the General Montgomery of the Ame-
rican war ; he may have been a legal, may have
been a natural, descendant of the general.
Were Grimaldi alive, he could most likely have
settled the question. As it is, not improbably Mr.
T. Matthews, the leading clown of our more imme-
diate day, may be able to cut the Gordian knot.
Should there be surviving any sons or daughters
(there is, I fancy, a daughter, Mrs. J. Bennett,
living in Exeter, at least there was three years
since) of the late Mr. Richard Hughes, proprietor
of Sadler's Wells Theatre in the days of Evelina,
they would be the parties most likely to know the
truth ; since Mr. Gomery was in boyhood a com-
panion of Grimaldi, who, according to Mr. Dick-
ens's biography of the modern Momus, came out
at the Wells under Mr. Hughes's management,
when about six years old, and, I fancy, first ap-
peared there himself. Like our great pantomim-
ist, Mr. Gomery was an ardent entomologist ; and
I have known him make long excursions and
" watch o' nights," not to rob the king's exchequer,
but to surprise Tiger-moth, or Queen Imperial,
or Sphynx, et id genus omne.
Mr. Gomery, as I have remarked, was a well-
informed man ; indeed from his tact, good-breed-
ing, and general knowledge, he might not only
have passed muster in any society, but from his
entertaining and aptly-applied fund of anecdote
would have been esteemed a most desirable and
entertaining companion. And he deserves a pass-
ing word in "N. & Q." by way of hint to the
future historian of the stage. His^ clown was sui
generis, a thing of art ; not clown in the Grimaldi
sense of the word, the broadly humorous ; or
in the Bradbury, i. e. the acrobatic and neck-
venturing, but a blending of English clown and
Gallic Pierrot quaint, easy, and presenting a
something which I must term the oriental element,
combining a sort of pictorial diablerie with the
farcical : for want of a better term to express his
pantomime, he was, indeed, ordinarily known
134
NOTES AND QUERIES.
'[2 nd S. N 33., AUG. 16. '56.
among 'his stage-brethren as the " gentleman-
clown."
A word more, as still appertaining to " N. &
Q." He married, as one of your correspondents
states, a Mrs. Power, who had a very handsome
house at Lambridge, Bath, and who, previously to
this marriage, was mother of a family of ten or
twelve children by Sir Andrew Bayntum, with
whom she lived for many years, and conducted
herself as a wife, and by whom the house and a
good income were bequeathed her. There were
several Morlands which came to. her with the
house. I should like to know where they have
winged their way ; but, still more, what may have
become of a Diary, kept either by Sir Andrew or
his father, I forget which, and which, though it
might not be worth publishing in extenso, would
certainly, unless I egregiously err, afford many
valuable pickings, particularly as regards courtly
gossip in the elder Georges' days, to " N. & Q."
DELTA.
Your correspondent j3. y. 5. (p. 78.) should Jiave
read my communication. He needlessly asks,
" What would convince G. ?" And says, "A Bath
Directory is of no weight against a baptismal
register." I beg to remind him that my affirma.-
tion was, that the statement given by D. (2 nd S.
i. 293.), as to the name of Robert Montgomery's
father, was correct; and I have shown that he
lived, was married, and died by the name of
Gomery, a fact well known to the inhabitants
of Bath. As to the baptismal register, to which I
did not happen to refer, I have only to say that
if it is producible, and is worth anything, I do not
see why it should be withheld. No man's repu-
tation can be promoted by attempts to mystify
either his parentage or baptism. Your corre-
spondent D. (2 nd S. ii. 37.), who inquires at what
"Weston" Robert Montgomery may have been
christened ? should try " Weston, near Bath," the
worthy vicar of which" is the Rev. John Bond. G.
SATELLITE.
(2 nd S. ii. 69.)
Vossius says :
" Non a satagendo, ut Perottns putabat : sed a Syriaco
satel, id est latus, quia latus stipat, ut idem sit ac antiqua
lingua erat latro : quern Varro similiter sic dici credidit,
quia latus cingeret. Servius in xn. Jn. Varro dicit hoc
nomen posse habere etiam Latinam etymologiam ut latrones
dicti sint, quasi laterones, quia circa latera regum sunt,
quos nunc satellites vacant"
Salmon (Stemmata Latinitatis, London, 1796)
says :
" SateUes I have marked as coming 'from the Greek,
because it seems to me to come from o-a for Sia (see note
on sapio) and rcAAw or Te'AAo/mai, I make or execute, arise,
bid, or order, send ; whence reXAt?, -cw s , part, the whole,
order ; whence also re'Xos, end, duty, or tax (on entering
or going out), expense, magistracy, magistrate, troop,
legions, squadron, &c. : fiiare'AAw is not found, but may
have been used, as well as Sio/reAew, I go through, perse-
vere, last; since we find evreXXa) or evre\\ofiai., I enjoin or
command, I commission or charge. And what is a satel-
lite but one (of a troop) always near his master, exe-
cuting, or ready to execute, his orders ? "
Lemon (Eng. Etym., London, 1783) sayp :
Satellites. A.a#o> Dor. for A^flw, latus, quia lateat con-
daturque sub axillis ; & latus fit Satelles, quod circa la-
tera regum sint; id quod antiquitus latro, quasi latero;
a life guardsman, who antiently waited at the sides of
princes ; also used in astronomy to signify," &c.
Diderot (Ency.} says :
"Chez les empereurs d'orient, ce mot satellite signifioit
la dignite' ou Toffice de capitaine des gardes du corps. Ce
terme fut ensuite applique aux rapaux des seigneurs, et
enfin & tous ceux qui tenoient les fiefs, appelles Sergen-
terie. Ce terme ne se prend plus aujourd'hui qu'en mau-
vaise part. On dit les gardes d'un roi et les satellites d'un
tyran."
But see also Du Cange (Gloss.), Gesner (Thes.
Ling. Lat.}, and Dufresne (Gloss. Med. et Inf.
Lat.)
Satila, satal, to follow. . I do not know of any
European words derived from Arabic verbs^ but
there are many (particularly Spanish) derived
from Arabic nouns, not now to be found either in
Meninski, Golius, or in any Lexicon that I have
seen. R. S. CHARNOCK.
WATCHFULNESS OF THE GOOSE.
(2 nd S. i. 473. 495.)
The historical credit of the received story re-
specting the preservation of the Capitol by the
geese, set forth in a former Note, depends in great
measure upon the vigilant habits of this bird, and
of its superiority to the dog as a guardian. Having
consulted Professor Owen upon this point of
natural history, I received from that distinguished
naturalist an answer, which, with his permission, I
lay before the readers of " N. & Q.," in illustra-
tion of my former remarks, The alertness and
watchfulness of the wild goose, which have made
its chase proverbially difficult, appear, from this
decisive testimony, to be characteristic of the bird
in its domesticated state. The establishment of
this fact unquestionably confirms the traditionary
account of their preservation of the Capitol. The
following is Professor Owen's letter. The cottage
where he resides is in Richmond Park.
" Opposite the cottage where I live is a pond, which is
frequented during the- summer by two brood-flocks of
geese belonging to the keepers. These geese take up
their quarters for the night along the margin of the pond,
into which they are ready to plunge at a moment's notice.
Several times when I have been up late, or wakeful, I
have heard the old gander sound the alarm, which is
2 nd S. NO 33., AuSt 16. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
135
immediately taken up, and has been sometimes followed
by a simultaneous plunge of the flocks into the pool.
On mentioning this to the keeper, he, quite aware of the
characteristic readiness of the geese to sound an alarm in
the night, attributed it to the visit of a foumart, or other
predatory vermin. On other occasions, the cackling has
seemed to be caused by a deer stalking near the flock.
But often has the old Roman anecdote occurred to me
when I have been awoke by the midnight alarm-notes of
my anserine neighbours; and more than once I have
noticed, when the cause of alarm has been such as to
excite the dogs of the next-door keeper, that the geese
were beforehand in giving loud warning of the strange
steps.
" I have never had the smallest sympathy with the
sceptics as to Livy's statement : it is not a likely one to be
feigned ; it is in exact accordance with the characteristic
acuteness of sight and hearing, watchfulness, and power
and instinct to utter alarm-cries, of the goose."
L.
"HEY, JOHNNIE COPE.
(2 nd S. ii. 68.)
The original song, beginning,
" Cope sent a challenge frae Dunbar,"
was written by Adam Skirving, farmer of Garle-
ton, near Haddington ; who, says Allan Cunning-
ham, " besides his gift of song-making, which was
considerable, was one of the wittiest and most
whimsical of mankind." Adam Skirving was born
in 1719, and died in 1803. He is called "Mr.
Skirvm" by Ritson, "Mr. Skirven" by Sten-
house, and "Alexander Skirving" by Cunning-
ham. He was a remarkably handsome man, free
and outspoken in his manners, and being very
saving in money-matters, he left a considerable
fortune to his surviving children. He was twice
married. His eldest son by his first marriage,
Archibald Skirving, the portrait painter, who re-
sembled him in person and disposition, was well
known in Edinburgh. The second son, Captain
Robert Skirving, also inherited his father's poet-
ical genius. After many years' service in the
East Indies, he returned home in the year 1806,
and was living in 1838 at Croys, near Castle
Douglas. A letter, containing some curious par-
ticulars of his father, was addressed by the Cap-
tain to the last editor of Johnson's Scots Musical
Museum, 1839, vol. ii. p. 190*.
The authority for attributing this song to Adam
Skirving rests upon the late Mr. Stenhouse (notes
to Musical Museum, vol. iii. p. 220.) ; but, as the
writer of the "Additional Illustrations" to the
same work remarks, "Notwithstanding his son's
silence^ respecting the authorship of this song,
there is no reason for calling in question Mr.
Stenhouse's assertion, as the local character of the
verses, and their caustic spirit and resemblance
to his 'Trament Muir,' would place this point, I
think, beyond all reasonable doubt."
Hogg, in the Second Series of his Jacobite
Relics, 1821, p. 308., says :
" This song, so generally a favourite throughout Scot-
land, is certainly more indebted for its popularity to the
composer of the air, than the poet who wrote the verses,
The tune is really excellent, but the verses, take which
set we will, are commonplace enough. Yet I scarcely
know a song that so many people are fond of. For my
part I love it, and ever will, because it was a chief fa-
vourite with my late indulgent and lamented master and
friend, the Duke of Buccleugh, whom I have often heard
sing it with great glee."
"Johnnie Cope" is still a universal favourite in
Scotland, and no song, perhaps, has so many dif-
ferent " sets." Allan Cunningham mentions that
he once heard a peasant boast, among other ac-
quirements, that he could sing " Johnnie Cope,"
with all the nineteen variations !
Copies of the various sets may be seen in Hogg's
Jacobite Relics; Allan Cunningham's Songs of Scot-
land; Gilchrist's Ancient and Modern Scottish Sal-
lads ; Jacobite Minstrelsy, 18 mo., Glasgow, 1829 ;
Ritson's Scottish Songs ; Johnson's Scots Musical
Museum, &c.
The old air of "Johnnie Cope" originally con-
sisted of one strain, the author of which is un-
known. The earliest copies appear in Oswald's
Caledonian Pocket Companion, and in Johnson's
Scots Musical Museum. EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
Upon a reference to Chevalier Johnstone's Me-
moirs of the Rebellion, 1745, your correspondent
MR. KNOWLES will find much interesting matter
relative to Sir John Cope. The best edition of
the work is the one published in 1822, 8vo. The
author of the song, " Hey, Johnnie Cope," &c., was
Adam Skirving, farmer, Haddington ; full parti-
culars of whom, and his various songs, will be found
in Stenhouse's Illustrations of the Lyric Poetry and
Music of Scotland, by Laing and Sharpe, 8vo.,
1853. ' T. G. S.
Edinburgh.
GAMAGE FAMILY.
(2 nd S. ii. 48.)
Amongst notes collected by the writer from
various sources relating to Gloucestershire fa-
milies are the following :
Gamage of Gamage. William Gamage was
Sheriff of Gloucestershire with another in 1325.
There is a place called Gamage Hall in Dymock
(co. Glou.).
Mune was anciently a manor within the manor
of Dymock. It was granted to William de Ga-
mage, 1 John ; and Jeffry, his son and heir, died
seised of it, and of 10Z. rent in Dymock, in
37 Hen. III.
Elizabeth, daughter and sole heiress of the lastr
136
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2 nd S. 1^33., AUG. 16. '56.
named, married John Pembrugg, into whose
family she conveyed i.
The arms, as given by Sir Robt. AUcyns, are as
follows : Arg. nine fusils in bend, gules, on a chief
azure three escallops, or.
In Berry's Dictionary of Heraldry the aAtis of
Gamage (of Coyte and Royiade, Hertfordshire)
are substantially the same, viz. Arg. five fusils in
bend gules, on a chief az. three escallops, or,
Crest, a griffin segreant, or.
In Dr. Strong's Heraldry of Herefordshire is
mentioned a Godfrey Gamage, of Manseli Ga-
mage, Herefordshire, temp. Edw. III., bearing
the same arms. Manseli Gamage was one of the
chief possessions of the ancient family of Pem-
bruge long after this period. COOPER HILL.
Gloucester.
The following Notes may assist the researches
of ANON. : ' .
" GAMAGE (Coyte and Royiade, co. Hertford). Ar. five
fusils in bend gu. on a chief az. three escallops or. Crest,
a griffin segreant, or.
"GAMACK (Clerkenshalls, Scotland). Gu. a bend en-
grailed ar." Burke's General Armory.
There are seven other entries in that book to the
name of Gamacli or Gamage, Gamadge or Ga-
, and Gamage, with similar arms.
In the account of " The Winning of the Lord-
ship of Glamorgan or Morgannwe out of the
Wdshmens Hands," said to be written by Sir
Edward Stradling, of St. Douat's Castle, Glamor-
ganshire, there is some information respecting the
Gamage family, their connections and estates.
It is prefixed to Wynne's edition of Powell's
translation of The History of Wales, by Caradoc
of Llancarvan, p. xxiii. ed. 1774.
In p. xxxiv. one Paine Gamage is mentioned as
" Lord of the Manor of Rogiade in the county of
Hfonmouth"
There is now a parish in Monmouthshire called
Roggiet, " in the hundred of Caldicott, GA miles
S.W. from Chepstow." See Lewis's Topograph.
Diet, of England.
I accidentally stumbled upon these particulars
a day or two a<ro : they may, perhaps, help your
anonymous querist. J. W. PHILLIPS.
Haverfbrdwest.
The Liber Niger of Christ Church Cathedral,
Dublin, which contains copies of ancient charters
and various other documents relating to the archbi-
shopric, states that Andrew Gamage was sergeant
to Archbishop Luke [1228 to about 1251], in his
manor of Bally more. He was one of the feoffees
by charter, and held in that manor to himself and
his heirs half a carucate of land for 12s. Qd. a-year.
His name also occurs as a juror to prove the
customs and liberties of Ballymore. The great
roll of the Pipe in the Record Tower of Dublin
Castle contains the account of Master Thomas de
Chaddisworth, as custodee of the temporalities of
the see, during its vacancy from 1251 to 1257.
In his " discharge '* of the profits of the manor of
Ballimore, he paid "to Walter Gamage for a
horse for the King's use, U." The Liber Niger
contains a list of the jurors empanelled to try the
extent of the manor in 1325 ; in it are the names
of Richard and Robert Gamage. E. D. B.
Portarlington.
ANON, is informed that about seventy years ago
an ancient maiden lady, named Gamage, died in
the Sidbury, Worcester, where she had long re-
sided. She was very intimate with my family,
which had in 1760 removed from Herefordshire,
and settled in Worcester. OGDO.
t0 Minor
Suffragan Bishops (2 nd S. ii. 91.) I can give
you some information respecting two or three of
the bishops named in the extract from Sir Thos.
Phillipps's Wiltshire Institutions, given by your
correspondent PATONCE :
1. " Robertus Imelacensis Episcopus." This
was a Franciscan friar, an Englishman, who was
appointed Bishop of Emly, in Ireland, by the
Pope's provision, Feb. 1, 1429. His name was
Robert Portland, or Poetlan (Wadding, Annalcs
Minorum, torn. v. p. 203., ad an. 1429 ; Regist.
Pontif., Ibid., p. 173. It does not appear that he
ever took possession of the see. Another (or per-
haps the same) Robert of England, also a Fran-
ciscan, is mentioned as appointed to the same
bishopric in 1444, by provision of Pope Eugene
IV. (Wadding, Ibid, p. 456., ad an. 1444.)
2. " Jacobus Dei gratia Akardensis episcopus."
This was James Blakedon, or Blackden, a Domi-
nican friar, and Doctor of Divinity, who was
appointed Achadensis episcopus, i. e. Bishop of
Achonry, in Ireland, by provision of Pope Eugene
IV., Oct. 15, 1442. See De Burgo, Hibernia
Dominicana, p. 473.
This bishop was translated to Bangor in North
Wales, in 1452 ; and died there, Oct. 24, 1464.
See Goodwin, de Prcesulibus Anglm.
3. " Simon, Connerensis Episcopus," was a Do-
minican friar, who was appointed Bishop of Con-
nor, in Ireland, by provision of Pope Pius II.,
Feb. 12, 1459. See De Burgo, Hib. Dominicana,
p. 475.
4. "Johannes Mayonensis episcopus." This
was John Bell, a Franciscan, who was made
Bishop of Mayo, in Ireland, Nov. 5, 1493 (Wad-
ding, Annal. Minorum, torn. vii. p. 314).
JAMES II. TODD.
Trin. Coll., Dublin. '
2 nd S. NO 33., AUG. 16. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
137
Poem about a Mummy (2 nd S. ii. 87.) Proba-
bly the poem your correspondent, A. A. D. in-
quires for is The Answer of the Egyptian Mummy,
in reply to the Address to an Egyptian Mummy, a
poem written at the unrolling of a mummy some
years ago. The Address, which is a poem of con-
siderable merit, and of no little interest, was at-
tributed to Mr. Eoscoe, and has been several times
reprinted.
The Answer was, what your correspondent calls
it, droll, and describes the mummies' " ex-
periences " of three thousand years ago. It was
printed in the Saturday Magazine of the Christian
Knowledge Society for April 26, 1834, to which I
beg to refer A. A. D. I may just name as well
that the Address itself was also reprinted in the
same magazine for February 22, in the same year.
LLEWELLYNN JEWITT, F.S.A.
Derby.
I think that your correspondent^. A. D. must
refer to an " Address to the Mummy in Belzoni's
Exhibition," written by Horace Smith, and origin-
ally published in the "New Monthly Magazine.
Perhaps the quotation of one of the stanzas may
refresh A. A. D.'s memory.
" I need not askfthee if that hand, now calmed,
Has any Roman soldier mauled and knuckled,
For thou wert dead, and buried, and embalmed,
Ere Romulus and Remus had been suckled:
Antiquity appears to have begun
Long after thy primeval race was run."
JOHN PAVIN PHILLIPS.
Haverfordwest.
In a work upon the Plurality of Worlds, by
Alex. Copland, Advocate, 8vo., Lond. and Edin.,
1834, there is a poem entitled " The Mummy
Awake," which may be what A. A. D. wants.
J.O.
There is a story by Edgar Poe, among his
Tales of Mystery, &c., entitled " Some Words with
a Mummy," which pretty nearly answers the
description given by A. A. D., except that it is in
prose. It may be found in vol. i. pp. 212. 599.,
in an edition published by Vizetelly in 1852,
among the series of " Readable Books."
H. A. C.
Mr. Bathurst's Disappearance (2 nd S. ii. 48. 95.)
Has there not been a story going the rounds of
the English and foreign papers, since the publica-
tion of Bishop Bathurst's Life by his son, the late
archdeacon, to the effect that some human bones
had been found in making alterations in the
>' Post House at (I think) Perleberg," where the
disappearance took place, which were supposed to
be those of Mr. Bathurst. Probably it is a
" canard." If I am right in fixing on Perleberg
as the locus in quo, it is hardly " pres de Ham-
bourg?" I once heard the subject discussed in
a German diligence. The opinion expressed was,
that he had committed suicide ; throwing himself
into some tributary of the Elbe, then swollen by
rains, whilst his horses were being fed at the post.
The loss of his dispatches was the reason assigned
for the commission of this rash act of desperation.
How these dispatches were lost was a disputed
point ; but the opinion of the diligence was, that
either Russia, or our ally Austria, and not France,
had a hand in their disappearance. J. H. L.
To settle divers errors, let me state, as a rela-
tive of the wife of Mr. Benjamin Bathurst, that
she was the eldest daughter of Sir John Call of
Whiteford House, Cornwall, and sister to the late
Sir William Call. Lady Aylmer, who is alive,
is her sister. Mrs. Bathurst's only surviving
daughter is the Countess of Castle Stuart, not the
Dowager Countess. A. HOLT WHITE.
A Noble Cook (2 nd S. ii. 87.) I have heard
this extract alluded to the Lord Aston of that
day. The title is now, I believe, extinct. The
last lord was in holy orders. In a statement of
the case of the soi-disant Earl of Stirling (no very
good authority), with a view of showing that
other Scotch claimants of peerages had not com-
plied with the orders of the House of Lords, it is
alleged
" The Lord Aston, whose name does not even stand on
the Roll of Scotch Peers, has still been allowed to keep
his title, and to be denominated as Lord Aston in the
Commission of the Peace for the County of Worcester."
I presume this lord was a descendant of the
cook. J. H. L.
" God save the King " (2 nd S. ii. 96.) DR.
GAUNTLETT, in his note upon this tune, has gone
out of the way to point out an error of the late
Dr. Crotch's. In so doing he has made a " ludi-
crous mistake " himself. The author of the chant
in D minor was not " William Morley of 1740,"
but William Morley, Gent., of the .Chapel Royal,
whose death is recorded in the cheque book of
that establishment to have taken place Oct. 29,
1721. The correct date is of some value in DR.
GAUNTLETT' s argument. EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
Order of St. John of Jerusalem (2 nd S. i. 460.)
Does not E. H. A. confound two different
orders ? The order of the ^emple was surely
quite different from that of St. John of Jerusalem
or the Knights Hospitallers, and the one body, if
my memory does not' fail me, was generally in
rivalry, not .to say hostility, to ,the other. /3. y. 5.
" Blawn-sheres " (2 nd S. ii. 65.) The word to
which G. refers is sewells, not sewers. It is ex-
plained by MR. HALLIWELL as a " scarecrow "
made of feathers, to scare deer from breaking the
fences. MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A.
138
NOTES AND QUERIES.
S. NO 33., AUG. 16. '56.
Eaton's Sermon (2 nd S. i. 516.; ii. 93.) In
that singular book, Cotton Mather's Magnolia
Christi Americana (Lond. 1702, fol.), is a notice
of Mr. Samuel Eaton. As the work is rare, I
have transcribed the passage for MR. ASPLAND :
" He was the Son of Mr. Richard Eaton, the Vicar of
Great Burdworth in Cheshire, and the Brother of Mr.
Theophilus Eaton, the Renowned Govenour of New-Haven.
His Education was at the University of Oxford: And
because it will douhtless recommend to find such a Pen,
as that which wrote the Athence Oxoniensls thus Charac-
terising of him, Reader, thou shalt have the very Words
of that Writer, concerning him : After he had left the
University, he entred into the Sacred Function, took Orders
according to the Church of England, and was Beneficed in
his Country : But having been puritanically Educated, he
did dissent in some Particulars thereof. Whereupon finding
his Place too tvarm for him, he Revolted, and went into New-
England, and Preached among the Brethren there. But
let us have no more of this Wood! Mr. Eaton was a
verv Holy Man, and a Person of great Learning and
Judgment, and a most Incomparable Preacher. But upon
his Dissent from Mr. Davenport, about the Narrow Terms,
and Forms of Civil Government, by Mr. Davenport, then
forced upon that Infant-Colony, his Brother advised him
to a Removal : And calling at Boston by the way, when
he was on his Removal, the Church there were so highly
affected with his Labours, thus occasionally enjoyed
among them, that they would fain have engaged him
unto a Settlement in that Place. But the Lord Jesus
Christ had more Service for him in Old-England, than he
could have done in New; and therefore arriving in Eng-
land, he became the Pastor of a Church at Duckenfield,
in the Parish of Stockfort, in Cheshire, and afterwards at
Stockport; and a Person of Eminent Note and Use, not
only in that, but also in the Neighbour-County.
" After the Restoration of K. Charles II. he underwent
first Silencing, and then much other Suffering, from the
Persecution, which yet calls for a National Repentance.
He was the author of manv Bonks, and especially of some
in Defence of the Christian Faith, about the God- Head
of Christ, against the Socinian Blasphemies : And his Help
was joined unto Mr. Timothy Tailors, in writing some
Treatises entituled, The Congregational Way Justified.
By these he Out-lives his Death, which fell out at Denton,
in the Parish of Manchester in Lancashire, (where says
our Friend Rabshakeh Wood, he had sheltered himself
among the Brethren after his Ejection) on the Ninth Day
of January, 1664, and he was Buried in the Chapel
there." Book iii. p. 213.*
See also Wood's Athena Oxoniensis, by Bliss,
iii. 672. 382. ; iv. 4. ; Calamy's Ejected Ministers,
1713, p. 412. ; Continuation, 1727, p. 566.
JOHN I. DREDGE.
" Rand" (2 nd S. i. 213. 396. 522. ; ii. 97.) Does
not the modern German word rand such as meeres-
rand, sea-shore ; flussesrand, river's bank suggest,
as this language I have so frequently found to do,
some old Saxon word of the same meaning ? The
locality mentioned by C. J. "between Trumfleet
Marsh and the north bank of the river Don,"
seems to me to point to some such derivation for
the space between the edge of the marsh and the
bank of the river, being called the " rands," or
* The Capitals and Italics in the above are Mather's.
-J.I.D.
4 shores." It hardly appears as probable that the
benefactor of Fishlake, on the south side of the
river, should have had his name given to ground
on the north side, which may probably belong to
a different parish. E. E. BYNG.
See Johnson's Dictionary, " RAND, n. s. (rand,
Dut.), border, seam, as the rand of a woman's
shoe." In Scotland the selvage or border of a
web of cloth " list," a marginal border, is called a
rund, pronounced roond. J. Ss.
Song ly Old Dr. Wilde (2 nd S. ii. 57.) This
song occupies pp. 51 to 53 in Iter Boreale, &c.,
1670, being a parody on the older song of " Hallow
my fancie, whither wilt thou go ? " the burden
being " Alas, poor scholar, whither wilt thou go ? "
and the concluding verse is very characteristic of
the times :
" Ho, ho, ho, I have hit it,
Peace goodman fool ;
Thou hast a trade will fit it ;
Draw thy indenture,
Be bound at adventure,
An apprentice to a free school ;
There thou mayest command
By William Lilly e's charter ;
There thou mayest whip, strip,
And hang, and draw, and quarter,
And commit to the red rod
Both Tom, Will, and Arthur.
I, I, 'tis thither, thither will I go."
More than twenty years have passed since I
cut several columns from Felix Farley's Bristol
Journal, headed " The Garland of Withered Ro-
ses." They were sent to that paper by your old
correspondent J. M. G., of Worcester. No. 1.
contained Cleland's beautiful ode of " Hallow my
fancie," with an introductory notice. The original
poem, as it appeared in the first edition of his
Poems, 1658, is blended with the additions made
in the second, 1697 ; it extends consequently to
sixteen stanzas, and, beautiful as it is, therefore it
is too long for your pages. These papers were
continued only to six numbers, but each contained
some gem of ancient poetry. Would J. M. G.
contribute them for preservation to your pages ?
The introductory remarks are in each notice too
good to be lost. G. D.
Henley-on- Thames (2"* S. i. 454. ; ii. 18.) In
addition to what I have already sent, I would ob-
serve that there are two separate notices of
Henley in the Rawlinson Collection of MSS. hi
the Bodleian, consisting of copies of inscriptions
on tombstones principally. It may be of use to
persons interested in topographical studies to
mention that there are notices of a similar kind of
many other places in the same collection. Some
for Sussex were made use of in Hastings Past and
Present, published last year. E. M.
Oxford.
2* S. N 33., AUG. 16. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
139
Portraits of Swift (2 nd S. ii. 21. 96.) I possess
Faulkner's edition of my ancestor Dean Swift's
Works, published, not in 1734, but in 1738, with
this general title, "The Works of J. S. D. D. D.
S. P. D. in Six Volumes." It was the Dean's
own copy, was bought at the sale of his library in
1745-6, and bears the book-plate of "Edward
Synge." I acquired it at the auction of the late
Sir E. Synge's books by Sotheby in 1843. Not
any one of its volumes has the Dean's autograph :
but the ffth is marked by himself and I well
know his handwriting "read thorow." The
first volume has his portrait in a plain oval frame,
with the inscription, " The Reverend Dr. J. Swift,
D.S.P.D.," and the engraver's name, " G. Vertue."
The second volume (dated 1737) has his medallion
portrait, surrounded with sunbeams, emblematic
female figures, the half- concealed bust of I-know-
not-whom, books, and a scroll with " The Poetical
Works of the Rev. D. S. * * D. S. P. D. 1734,"
the motto " Quis speret idem ? Hor." and the
engraver's name, " P. Simms, Sc." The fourth
volume has a frontispiece, differing from that de-
scribed by your correspondent G. N. in the table
having books, peris and ink, &c., while the coins
are spread on the lower step before his Deanship's
chair. The engraver's name, whereof G. N. pro-
pounds a Query, is legible enough, " G. Vertue."
It is hardly worth explanation that, valuing the
antiquity of my family beyond its incidental dis-
tinction of the Dean (unto whom our only obliga-
tions are his hindrance of my grandfather's ad-
vancement and the loss of a large portion of my
paternal estate), I have long resumed our early
signature, EDMUND LEKTHAL SWIFTE.
Worthing.
" It " (1 st S. passim.') In some parts of Ireland,
the word it is used in the genitive case, instead of
ifs. A man said to me to-day, pointing to an old
gate, "That gate, Sir, has done it duty," for "it's
duty." And this is the common language of the
country : " The horse fell and broke it knees."
Is this an old English idiom ? The neuter it
is not found, I believe, in the genitive form ifs, in
the English Bible or in Shakspeare. I suspect,
therefore, that the peculiarity I have noticed (like
many other phrases common in Ireland) is a rem-
nant of the English of the fifteenth and sixteenth
centuries, when we Irish learned that language
for the first time. S. N. D.
Dublin.
"Allow" (2 nd S. ii. 10.) In the north of Ire-
land this word is used in the sense of command,
order, direct. Being on a visit with a friend near
Armagh, some years ago, 1 found a labourer in
the act of cutting down a laurel. I said to him,
"Why do you cut that tree ?" His answer was,
"The master allowed me:" meaning the master
ordered me to do so. On another occasion, I was
on a visit with a clergyman still farther north.
One of his parishioners, a very poor man, came to
him one day when I was by, and informed him
that he wished to be married to Biddy O'Neill.
" Paddy," said the clergyman, " are you in your
senses ? Both you yourself and Biddy O'Neill
are every winter in the greatest distress, coming
to me and others for support. How are you to
live if you marry, and how are you to maintain
your family ?" " O, please your reverence," said
the man, " may be the Lord would allow that we
should have no childer." S. N. D.
Dublin.
The Weather (2 nd S. i. 431.) In addition to
the observations as to the change in the prevailing
winds in this country, I have a further fact to
communicate, as to the extraordinary decrease of
force in the trade winds in late years. Two nau-
tical men have made the same observation to me,
that ever since their boyhood the difference was
most remarkable. Can any cause be discovered
for this ? E. E. BYNG.
Apostle Spoons (2 nd S. ii. 112.) W. T. is re-
ferred to Hone's Every-Day Book, vol. i. p. 175.,
and to The Table Book, p. 817., for a sketch of
" a set of Apostle Spoons," and for the history
thereof. EVERARD HOME COLEMAN.
79. Wood Street, Cheapside.
Samuel Rolls (2 nd S. ii. 88.) See Darling's
Cyclo. Bibliographica, col. 2584. ; Calamy's Ac-
count, p. 108.; Continuation, p. 144.; Palmer's
Nonconformists' Memorial, 1802, vol. i. p. 298. ;
Dr. Owen's Works, by Goold, 1851, vol. ii. p. 276. ;
Orme's Life of Owen, 1820, p. 380.; Wood's
Athence Oxon., by Bliss, vol. iv. 106. 108. 203.
JOHN I. DREDGE.
Olovensis, Bishopric of (2 nd S. ii. 88.) The
see in question was probably Olena, and the
bishop styled Olenensis. Olena is a see in par~
tibm, and was the title of Dr. Griffiths, the late
Vicar Apostolic of the London district. It is now
called Caminizza, and is in the Morea, easily mis-
taken for Mauritania. It formed one of the four
suffragan sees of the metropolitan of Patras.
F. C.H.
Aristotle s " Organon" (2 nd S. ii. 81.) It is
singular that PROFESSOR DE MORGAN, in his ar-
ticle on the " Logic of Aristotle," should not
mention Waitz's edition of the Organon, which is
by far the best that has been hitherto published.
Nor has he mentioned the Prologomena Logica of
Mr. Mansel, nor his new edition of Aldrich, works
which have thrown immense light on the logical
treatises of the Stagyrite. Indeed it is very doubt-
ful, now that Sir W. Hamilton is dead, it there is
anybody in this country that understands Aris-
140
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd S. N 33., AUG. 16. '56.
totle's Organon better than Mr. Mansel, late Fel
low and Tutor of St. John's, Oxford.
EVAN JONES.
Lampeter, Cardiganshire.
NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.
The University of Cambridge having adopted the
course recommended by the Pitt Press Syndicate, and
determined upon the formation of a more elaborate Cata-
logue of the Manuscripts belonging to the University
than that prepared by Nasmith, instructions for carrying
such object into effect were issued in 1851, since which
time a party of cataloguers have at intervals been en-
gaged upon the work. The Catalogue has been divided
into eight divisions, and the following Members of the
Senate have contributed to the first volume: I. Anglo-
Saxon, Anglo-Norman, and Early English Literature,
Mr. C. Hardwick, St. Catherine's Hall, editor. 2. Clas-
sical, Mr. Churchill Babington, St. John's College. 3.
Heraldic, Sec., Mr. Charles C. Babington, St. John's Col-
lege. 4. Historical, Mr. W. R. Collett, Gonville and Cams
College. 5. Legal, Professor Abdy, Trinity Hall. 6.
Musical, Mr. \V. H. Hutt, Gonville and Gains College. 1.
Scientific, Medical, 8fc., Dr. Webster, Jesus College, and
Mr. J. Glover, Trinity College. And lastly, 8. Theological,
Mr. H. R. Luard and Mr. C. B. Scott, Trinity College,
who have been assisted by Mr. J. E. Cooper of St.
Johns College, Mr. W. H. Howard of Sidney Sussex Col-
lege, and Mr. F. J. A. Hort of Trinity College. At the
conclusion of the work, a set of copious Indices will be
appended for the purpose of facilitating reference to the
Catalogue, together with a Table denoting, as far as pos-
sible, the last owner from whom each MS. had passed into
the hands of the University. We are glad to have the
opportunity of bringing under the notice of our readers
this first volume of A Catalogue of the Manuscripts preserved
in the Library of the University of Cambridge, edited for
the Syndics of the University Press, and of bearing our
testimony to the great pains which have been bestowed
upon it by the gentlemen selected for its preparation.
The work is one which, when completed, will be most
useful to scholars, as well as most creditable to the com-
pilers and to the University of Cambridge. Would that
it might be followed by a Second Series furnishing
Catalogues of the MSS. in the Libraries of the different
Colleges and Halls like the admirable Oxford Cata-
logue prepared by Mr. Coxe.
Clearly arranged, with a full and well-engraved tra-
velling map, and a carefully compiled index, Murray's
Handbook for Travellers in Wiltshire, Dorsetshire, and
Somersetshire, will be found a trusty guide and a pleasant,
nay, an indispensable travelling companion to all future
tourists through those lovely counties. Mr. Murray is,
bv the publication of these Home Guides, doing good
service to those who are inclined to take the advice of
The Times, and spend their holidays in our own healthful
ami beautiful islands.
By-tlie-bye, the mention of The Times reminds us of
the "proper tone in which that and other influential
journals are qicaking out on the subject of some recent
operatic and dramatic representations based upon clever
but disgusting French novels. The press may do much
to check this growing evil ; but let the women of Eng-
laud do justice to that purity of mind for which they are
\vorld-renowned, and refuse to be present when such
dramas are performed, and they will put an effectual
check to this endeavour to familiarise the English public
with the most objectionable productions of the novelists
and dramatists of France.
BOOKS RECEIVED. Dictionary of Greek and Roman
Geography by Various Writers, edited by William Smith,
LL.D., Part XVI., SatassiSinuessa. This, the last part
but one of this valuable contribution to our knowledge of
ancient geography, contains, among other important
articles, those on Sardinia, Scythia, Sicilia, &c.
Chappell's Popular Music of the Olden Time. Part VII.
That this new number of Mr. Chappell's most interesting
illustrations of the National Music of England is not one
jot inferior to any that have preceded it, our readers will
feel sure when we mention that in the present number the
Editor gives us the history of Sobbing Joan, Yon Gentle-
men of England, The Queen, Old Courtier, Since first 1 saw
your Face, Hunting the Hare, Tom a Bedlam, and many
other popular airs.
BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES
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Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct to
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PYLE'S PARAPHRASE OF THE EPISTLES OP THE NEW TESTAMENT. 5th
Edition. Vol. I. (Vol. II. is dated 1765.)
ROBY'S TRADITIONS OP LANCASHIRE. Large Paper Edition.
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MAN.
Wanted by Charles F. Blackburn, Bookseller, Leamington.
MR. FRERE'S TRANSLATION OF ARISTOPHANES. 4to. Pickering.
W anted by Rev. John C. Jackson, 17. Sutton Place, Hackney.
LAUDENSIUM AOTOCATACRYSTS, OR THE SELF-CONDEMNATION OK LAUD
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to
JFe are compelled to postpone until next week a continuation of the
valuable General Literary Index by our Correspondent BIBMOTHECAK.
CHETHAM., and several other valuable papers.
A. K. (Broughton, near Chester.) It is impossible to give anything
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W. S. (Gresham House) will rind the Nine of Diamonds the Curse of
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AKFINIS, (R. G.) Thanks for your suggestion. The practice is, how-
ever, carried out by us to a very great extent,
V. F. S. iv ill find the derivation and meaning of " Jfammet " noticed
in our 1st S. viii. 515. ; ix. 43. 82. Consult also Nares's Glossary.
ERRATUM. -2nd S. 113. col. 1. 1. !., for "Greek Testament " read
" Greek text."
IVDEX TO THE FIRST SERIES. As this is now published, and the im-
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34., AUG. 23. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
141
j LONDON, SATURDAY, AUGUST 23, 1856.
AYTOUN'S " BOTHWELL : " BOTHWELL'S LAST
PLACE OF CONFINEMENT.
Mr. Aytoun states in his preface, " The scene
of this poem, which is in the form of a monologue,
is laid in the fortress of Malmoe, where Bothwell
was confined." And in one of his notes, after giv-
ing a translation of the order for Bothwell's im-
prisonment in that fortress, and noticing his efforts
to obtain his freedom, Mr. Aytoun remarks :
"No answer seems to have been made to these memo-
rials, and the unhappy man never quitted the prison in
which he had been immured."
Now it happens to be a recently well ascer-
tained fact that Bothwell did quit his dungeon in
the fortress of Malmoe, and that, for the last five
years of his life, he was confined in the castle of
Drachsholm, where he terminated his miserable
existence.
This fact does not affect the action or interest
of Mr. Aytoun's poem, but for the sake of his-
torical accuracy it is commended to his attention
in his notes to his next edition.
We are enabled to assign the castle of Drachs-
holm as the place of Bothwell's confinement during
the last five years of his life, by a reference to The
Traveller's Handbook to Copenhagen and its En-
virons, by Anglicanus (Copenhagen, Steen & Son ;
London, J. B,. Smith, 1853), from which the fol-
lowing quotation is taken :
"Drachsholm. Although this castle cannot be in-
cluded in the environs of Copenhagen, yet it is within
tolerable distance, and so connected with an epoch in
Scottish history as must render it a place of interest to
every subject of Great Britain. It is a remarkable fact
that' every English historian, to the very last, has made
Malmoe, in Sweden, the death-place of the turbulent
rl of Bothwell. But Mr. Thorleifr Gudmundson Repp,
learned Icelander (and a thorough Englishman at
rt), has, acting under the commands of Queen Caroline
Lmalie of Denmark, daughter of the sister of George III.,
ved from documents found by him in the Royal Privy
irchives of Copenhagen, that Earl Bothwell was removed
rom Malmoe, then included in the Danish kingdom, at
the urgent request of the Scottish government (as, being
a sea-port, it afforded the earl too much liberty and in-
tercourse with the Scottish gentlemen and officers who
used to visit that town), to Drachsholm, a sequestered
castle on the west coast of Zealand, which at that time
belonged to the crown, but is now a baronial residence,
called Adlersborg. Here it was that the turbulent and
ibitious Earl of Bothwell passed, in great seclusion, the
it years of his chequered life." P. 1.76.
A very interesting "short summary of Mr.
Lepp's work " is then given, but as the Handbook
so accessible, it is unnecessary to repeat it here,
to do more than draw attention to it. Suffice
it to say that Bothwell appears to have been de-
tained in Malmoe from 1568 till 1573 ; that he was
then removed to the castle of Drachsholm ; that
after this his history is so involved in obscurity
that even contemporary accounts vary as to the
date of his decease ; that the Danish authorities
countenanced the report that he died in 1575,
wearied by the conflicting entreaties of Scotland
and France ; but that the best authorities establish
it as a fact that he died on the 14th of April,
1578, at the castle of Drachsholm, and that his
remains were consigned to a vault of the parish
church of Faareveile.
The author of the Handbook, in conclusion,
communicates the following interesting informa-
tion :
" Mr. Repp has, in his book, collected about thirty do-
cuments, never before published, consisting of diplomatic
despatches and letters in Latin, French, German, and
Danish, in a high degree interesting, and characteristic
of the times in which they were written. On them the
learned Icelander has founded a memoir illustrative of the
history of the north of Europe in the latter half of the
sixteenth century, more particularly in respect to the
Protestant cause at that period ; illustrative of the Bar-
tholomew massacre, and of its real authors ; illustrative
of Danish politics in relation to the Isles of Orkney and
Shetland, at that time held as a pawn by the Scottish
Court. Not a few historical views now generally current
are likely to receive correction from these documents,
when they become known to the literary world."
J.D.
Paisley.
GENERAL LITERARY INDEX : PENAL LAWS : TEST
LAWS : TOLERATION.
The following are not found in Watt's Biblio~
theca Britannica, under these, their respective
heads :
" Toleration discussed. 8vo. London, 1670."
" The Advocate of Conscience-Liberty, or an Apology
for Toleration. 8vo. 1673."
" Two Dialogues in English, between a Doctor of
Divinity and a Student in the Laws of England, on the
Grounds of the said Laws of Conscience. 8vo. 1673."
" Six Papers, containing, 1. Reasons against the Re-
pealing the Acts of Parliament concerning the Test.
Humbly offer'd to the consideration of the Members of
both Houses at their next meeting. 2. Reflections on
His Majesties Proclamation for a Toleration in Scotland,
together with the said Proclamation. 3. Reflections on
His Majesties Declaration for Liberty of Conscience.
Dated the Fourth of April, 1687. 4. An Answer to a
Paper Printed with Allowance, entitled A New Test of
the Church of England's Loyalty. 5. Remarks on the
Two Papers writ by His late Majesty King Charles II.
concerning Religion. 6. The Citation, together with
Three Letters to the Earl of Midleton. By Gilbert
Burnet, D.D. 1687."
"The Burnt Child dreads the Fire; or, an Examin-
ation of the Merits of the Papists relating to England,
mostly from their own Pens. In Justification of the late
Act o"f Parliament for preventing Dangers which may
happen from Popish Recusants. And further shewing
that, whatsoever their merits have been, no thanks to
their Religion, and therefore ought not to be gratified in
142
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
S. N 34., AUG. 23. '56.
their Religion by Toleration thereof. By Will. Denton.
4to. London, 1675."
" The Established Test in order to theiSecurity of His
Majesty's sacred Person and Government and the. Pro-
testant Religion. 4to. 1679."
" The Dissenter's usual Pleas for Toleration Discuss'd.
8vo. London, 1680."
" A Discourse concerning the Laws of the Church of
Rome made against Hereticks, &c. &c. 1682. (Repr. 8vo.
Dublin, 1723.)"
" Toleration proved Impossible. 4to. London, 1685."
" A short Discourse upon the Reasonableness of Men's
having a Religion or Worship of God, by the Duke of
Buckingham. London, 1685."
" A Short Answer to His Grace the Duke of Bucking-
ham's Paper concerning Religion, Toleration, and Liberty
of Conscience. 4to. London, 1685."
" The Duke of Buckingham his Grace's Letter to the
unknown Author of a Paper entitled ' A Short Answer,'
&c. London, 1685."
" A Reply to the Answer of the Man of no Name to the
Duke of Buckingham's Paper. 4to. London, 1685."
"A Defence of the Duke of Buckingham's Book of Re-
ligion and Worship from the Exceptions of a nameless
Author. By the Pensylvanian. 4to. London, 1685."
" The Danger and Unreasonableness of Toleration.
1685."
" Considerations moving to Toleration and Liberty of
Conscience. 4to. London, 1685."
" The Vanity of all Pretensions for Toleration. 1685."
" The good old Test revived and Recommended to all
sincere Christians. 4to. 1687.
"The true Interest of the legal English Protestants ;
stated in a Letter to a present Member of the House of !
Commons. Fol. 1687."
" Reasons for the Repeal of the Tests. 4to. (a single \
sheet). 1687."
"A Letter concerning the Test and Persecution for
Conscience Sake, to a Member of the House of Lords.
4to. 1687."
" Remarks on the several Sanguinary and Penal Laws
made in Parliament against Roman Catholics. 4to.
1687."
" How the Members of the Church of England ought
to behave themselves under a Roman Catholic King, with
reference to the Test and Penal Laws. In a Letter to a
Friend, by a Member of the same Church. 8vo. London,
1687."
" Advice to Freeholders and other Electors of Members
to serve in Parliament, in relation to the Penal Laws and
the Test. 4to. 1687."
" A new Test of the Church of England's Loyalty. 4to.
1687."
" The new Test of the Church of England's Loyalty ex
amined by the old Test of Truth and Honesty. 4to.
1687."
" Mr. James's Vindication of the Church of England in
answer to a Pamphlet entitled, A new Test of the Church
of England's Loyalty. 4to. 16b7."
"An instance of the Church of England's Loyalty.
4to. 1687."
"A Letter from a Gentleman in the Country to his
Friend in London on the subject of the Penal Laws and
Tests. 4to. 1687."
" A second Letter, &c. 1687."
" A third Letter. 1687."
"A Letter in answer to a City Friend, shewing how
agreeable Liberty of Conscience is to the Church of Eng-
land. 4to. London : 1687."
" A Discourse for taking off the Test and Penal Laws
about Religion. 4to. 1G87."
" The Reasonableness of Toleration and the Unreason-
ableness of Penal Laws and Tests. 4to. 1687."
"The Judgment and Doctrine of the Clergy of the
Church of England concerning the King's Prerogative in
dispensing with Penal Laws. 1687 ? "
" An Answer to a late Pamphlet entitled, The Judg-
ment and Doctrine of the Clergy, &c., shewing that this
is not asserted by the Archbishops Bancroft, Laud, and
Usher, Bp. Sanderson, the Doctors Heylin, Barrow, Sher-
lock, Hickes, Nalson, Puller, so far as appears from their
Words cited in this Pamphlet. In a Letter to a Friend.
4to. 1687."
" Reflections upon the new Test and the Reply thereto ;
with a Letter of Sir Francis Walsingham's concerning
the Penal Laws made in the Reign of Q. Elizabeth. 1687.
4to."
" A Letter to a Dissenter from his Friend at the Hague
concerning the Penal Laws and Test ; shewing that the
popular Plea for Liberty of Conscience is not concerned in
that question. 4to., a single sheet. Hague. 1688."
" Old Popery as good as new ; or the Unreasonableness
of the Church of England in some of her Doctrines and
Practices, and the Reasonableness of Liberty of Conscience.
4to. 1688."
" The great and popular Objection against the Repeal of
the Penal Laws and Test briefly stated and considered,
and which may serve for answer to several late Pamphlets
upon the Subject. By William Pen, the Quaker. 1688.
4to."
" An Answer to the Bp. of Oxford's Reasons for abro-
gating the Test, by a Person of Quality. London : 1688.
4to."
" Their Highness the Prince and Princess of Orange's
Opinion about a general Liberty of Conscience, &c., being
a Collection of four select Papers, viz. 1. Mijn Heer
Fagel's First Letter to Mr. Stewart. 2. Reflections on
Mons. Fagel's Letter, and Fagel's Second Letter to Mr.
SteAvart. 4. Some Extracts out of Mr. Stewart's Letters,
which were communicated to Mijn Heer Fagel, together
with some References to Mr. Stewart's printed Letter.
1689. 4to."
" Animadversions upon Mijn Heer Fagel's Letter con-
cerning our Penal Laws and Tests ; with Remarks upon
that Subject occasioned by the publishing of that Letter.
1688. 4to."
"Jus Regium Coronas; or the King's supreme Power
in dispensing with Penal Statutes ; more particularly as it
relates to the two Test Acts, in Two Parts. By John
Wilson. 1688. 4to."
"A seasonable Discourse, showing the necessity of
Union among Protestants, in opposition to Popery, as the
only means under God to preserve the Reformed Religion.
Also the charge of Persecution lately maintained against
the Established Religion by W. P[en], H. C[are], and
other insignificant Scribblers detected, proving it to be
the Ministers of State, and not the Church, that prose-
cuted the Penal Laws on Protestant Dissenters. 1688.
4to."
" Hora3 Subsecivaa ; or a Treatise showing the original
Grounds, Reason, and Provocations necessitating our
sanguinary Laws against Papists made in the Days of
Q,. Eliz., and the Gradations by which they ascended into
that severity, and showing that no Papist hath been exe-
cuted in England on the single account of his Religion, in
the Daies of Edwd. VI., Q. Eliz., James, Car. I. or
Car. II., though multitudes of Protestants were in tha
Daies of Hen. VIII. and Q. Mary. 4to. 1688? "
" A Collection of several Treatises concerning the
Reasons and Occasions of the Penal Laws: 1. The Exe-
cution of Justice in England, not for Religion but for
Treason, Dec. 17, 1583. [By Win. Cecil Lord Burleigh.]
S. NO 34., AUG. 23. '56. j
NOTES AND QUERIES.
143
2. Important Considerations by the Secular Priests. By
William Watson, 1681. 3. The Jesuits' Reasons Unrea-
sonable, or Doubts proposed to the Jesuits upon their
Paper presented to Seven Persons of Honour for Non-
Exception from the common favour voted to Catholics.
1688. 4to. Second edition corrected."
" Some Considerations about the new Test of the Church
of England's Loyalty in a Letter to a Country Gentleman
on the occasion of the present Invasion. 4to. 1688."
BlBLIOTHECAR. CflETHAM.
(To be continued.)
THE GYPSIES AND THEIR NAME, " KOMEES.
It appears that the gypsies, though they receive
in various countries various names according to the
ideas which people may entertain regarding them,
yet apply to themselves one and the same name
everywhere. They call themselves Romees, or
the Romino people ; and the meaning of the term
has been quite puzzling enough. Some philo-
logists have supposed it to be derived from the
Sanskrit rham, a husband, but the sound of the
word is not much alike, and besides, husbands is
not a happy term to apply to young and old alike,
to both the married and unmarried. Neither can
Romee and Romino be well derived from the
Arabic word which signifies Greece or the Greeks,
as no one has ever imagined that the gypsies have
either come from Greece, or are in any degree
allied to the inhabitants of that land.
It were, perhaps, a satisfactory solution of the
difficulty if it could be admitted that Romees is
the ancient Egyptian word which signifies men
men or human beings as distinguished from the
deities. This name the Egyptians adopted, con-
sidering themselves as eminently the men of the
great and foremost nation of the world. That
Romees bore this meaning can be learned from
the works of Champollion le jeune and others,
who have written on these subjects. The classical
scholar will not forget the curious blunder into
which Herodotus fell about the meaning of this
very word. The historian had pointed out to him
in a spacious temple the statues of the high priests,
and he was told that each of the persons whom
they commemorated had been ' a pi-romis, the son
of a pi-romis," that is, a man the son of a man
(not of a god). Herodotus quite misapprehended
the information communicated to him, and instead
of taking pi-romis son of a pi-romis to be a man
the son of a man, he thought it meant /coAbs /cal
oya0by, " beautiful and good ! " (Vide Euterpe,
cap. 143.) It may be worth reminding the reader
that the pi of the pi-romis is the article attached
to the noun.
If the name Romees, which the gypsies apply
to themselves, means men, that is, the men of
Egypt, some additional light may be thrown on
the obscure question of the origin of the race.
Certainly, for the last four hundred years they
have declared themselves to be Egyptians (the
English name gypsies is a corruption of Egyptians),
and at this day were anyone to enter their tents
and dispute their right to call themselves the de-
scendants of the great nation of the olden world,
it is likely he would be kicked out without any
ceremony. " We are Romees," say the gypsies
everywhere, " and Egypt was our fatherland."
ROMINO RYE.
ILLUSTRATIONS OF MACATJLAT.
Passive Obedience, Sfc. I enclose these two
sets of lines, which are written in a copy of the
History of Passive Obedience since the Reformation,
Amst., 1689, now in my possession. J. B.
An Epitaph
Upon Passive Obedience
for High Treason against our
Sovereign Lords y* People,
by virtue of a warrant fro
y e Bishops and most of the
Inferiour Clergy.
Here
Certain and sure beneath this stone,
In hopes of Resurrection,
Passive obedience lyes interred, ~|
By Church of England men averred, >
As long as for 't they were preferred. J
She was not long since in great favour
As any doctrine of our Saviour,
With Burnet, Tillotson, and Patrick.
Tho' some will tell you 'twas but a trick
To curry favour w th y e Town *,
And make preferments all their own.
Fforf when she brought the into danger
They all, w th one consent, cryd hang her.
And being thenj arraigned and tryd,
Condemn' d and sentenc'd, Thus she dy'd :
Beware ye Christian doctrines all,
And set before your eyes my fall.
Beware, I say, how ye contest
With y 4 Supreme Grate Interest ;
Ffor my || great crime upon my ^[ Trial
Was Antichristian Self-denial.
f Dom. Xti I
Ob. Ano 4 et }- 1688.
I, JEtat. suse J
On the Church of E.
Stay, ffreind, and see
A miracle of villany.
This sacred urn contains
A Matrons Reverend remains.
* Crown.
Her.
But.
Her.
J Wherefore she was.
f Her.;
144
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2148. NO 34., AUG. 23. '56.
Unnoted let y e Place appear,
Least impious Hands insult Her There.
Who by strong Paradox, 'tis said,
"Was dead when Living, and now Lives when dead.
But what's most impious and incredible,
By her Defender deserted,
By her fFathers persecuted,
By her Children murthered.
She, who had long withstood y e Gates of Hell,
A victim to ffanatick numbers fell.
Say, wouldst thou know
The scene of so much woe ?
Behold these Plains
Whose Monarch by Republick Counsels Reigns,
Whose Perjur'd Clergy quit y e Churches cause,
Whose Legislators violate y e Laws.
She fell ill Nov. 5, 1688.
Dyed Dec. 6. 1705. W n Ch. out of Danger.
ETYMOLOGIES.
Marigold. Shakspeare has (Cymb,, Act II.
Sc. 3.) :
" And winking Mary-buds begin
To ope their golden eyes."
From this we may conclude that the original
name was Mary-bud, or Mary-flower, synonymous
terms. But why was it so called ? Johnson, in a
careless sort of way, says these may have a refer-
ence to the Virgin Mary. I think, on the contrary,
that it was with Mary Magdalen that this flower
was connected. This Mary is always represented
as a mourner grieving for her sins, and in con-
stant attendance on our Lord, the Sun of righte-
ousness ; and the marigold, we see, was connected
with the sun, in whose absence it was closed. We
may further observe, that its name in French is
souci, in Portuguese saudade, terms expressive of
mourning and regret. I would recommend the
subject to those who are better qualified than I
am to pursue it. A curious article might be
written on the connection of the names of plants,
flowers, &c., with those of persons. I must, in
fine, add my protest to those of scholars in general
against the shameful manner in which the cha-
racter of this most respectable woman has been
taken away, in making her, without even the
shadow of a proof, and against all evidence, to
have been a woman of loose life. Unfortunate
women are called Magdalens ; we have Magdalen
asylums, and even the adjective Maudlin, to de-
note the lacrymosity of drunkards, and such like.
Bud. I have hinted above that this word was
nearly synonymous with flower. It is evidently
so in the place there quoted, and in Loves Labour
Lost (Act V. Sc. 2.), along with daisies, violets,
and lady-smocks, we have " cuckoo-buds of yellow
hue ;" and in ISonnet 99.
" And buds of marjoram had stolen thy hair."
But I believe the original sense of the word was
that which it still retains in rose-bud. In Shak-
speare I find it almost always used of flowers
alone, and I have not examined other writers.
The derivation I take to be bout (Fr.), "end,"
&c. f noting the termination of the stalk. It is
true I have met with no instance of the employ-
ment of bout in this sense, but it may have been
so employed in the middle ages. At all events,
the diminutive bouton has this sense, and it may
have been clipped, like some other words, by the
English.
Wormwood. This is an instance of the prac-
tice, to which I have more than once adverted, of
giving foreign and other words a form which has
a meaning, though literally a wrong one. The
Anglo-Saxon term, still to be found in Wicklyff,
is wermod (from pepi&, weary, depressed, and
mob, mind), i. e. melancholy, answering to its
German name wermuth, which may be i. q. schwer-
mutli.
Titmouse. It seems strange that a bird, and
if not a bat, should be called a mouse. The reason
I take to be as follows : Among our ancestors,
mouse was a term of endearment. In the Knight
of the Burning Pestle, the favourite term for his
wife with the Citizen is mouse, and Hamlet says
to his mother (Act III. Sc. 4 ) :
" Let the bloat king tempt you again to bed ;
Pinch wanton on your cheek ; call you his mouse."
Now the Parus, or titmouse, is a little bird very
" familiar to man," and fond of keeping about his
dwelling, and so becoming a kind of favourite, he
was called mouse ; and, on account of his size, tit,
(which is only another form of little, tittle, in fact,
being little') ; and then (by the alliteration which
gave robin-redbreast, willy-wagtail, jack-daw),
torn-titmouse, and so, finally, tomtit. We have, by
the way, tit again in titlark and tit- warbler. I pre-
sume that tittlebat is merely a corruption of stickle-
back. We have also tit, a little horse, and then a
young girl ; and a "tit bit" is a nice small delicate
portion of food. THOS. KEIGHTLEY.
ST. MARGARET S AND ST. MARTIN S, WESTMINSTER.
The following document strikes me as curious,
not only on account of its purport, but also for
the circumstances which it incidentally mentions.
Henry VIII., it appears, had recently enclosed
some lands in the parish of St. Martin-in-the-
Fields, and made them into a royal park. A por-
tion of the parish of St. Margaret, Westminster,
at that time lay on the north side of the king's
palace, apparently stretching along the Strand to
St. Clement's church ; and this circumstance oc-
casioned considerable inconvenience to the Court,
as the bodies of those who died in the northern
2d S. NO 34., AUG. 23. '56.]
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
145
part of the parish had to be conveyed past the
palace to be buried in St. Margaret's churchyard.
The fear of infection from dead bodies made it
desirable that this practice should be put an end
to; and the king, partly to remove the cause of
apprehension, and partly to compensate the parish
of St. Martin's for the loss of tithes it had sus-
tained by the enclosure, annexed to it all that
part of the parish of St. Margaret which lay be-
tween the palace and St. Clement's church.
Such are the facts made known to us by the
document which I transcribe.
Patent 33 Henry V1IL p. 6. m. (11.)
" Pro ecclesia paroehiali Sancti Martini in Campis,
de concessione.
" Rex omnibus ad quos, &c. Salutem. Seiatis
quod nos, in recompensationem decimarum et ali-
orum jurium ecclesiasticorum quae parochialis
ecclesia Sancti Martini in Campis prope Charing-
crosse, Westmonasterii diocesis, ex imparcatione
quorundam praediorum et aliorum locorum decim-
abilium in parochia illius ecclesiae consistentium,
et nunc pro sustentatione et conservatione dama-
rum et aliarum ferarum nostrarum ibidem impar-
catorum *, perpetuo amisit ; Atque ad evitandum
periculum infectionis quod Aularibus nostris ex
delatione corporum mortuorum per palatium nos-
trum regium ad ecclesiam Sanctae Margarets
Civitatis nostrae Westmonasterii sepeliendorum in-
venire possit ; Volumus, concedimus et ordinamus,
quod omnes illae aedes sive domus ac alia loca de-
cimabilia quae inter ecclesiam parochialem Sancti
Clementis extra Barras Novi Templi London' et
palatium nostrum regale Westmonasterii existunt
et usque, dum in et de parochia dictae ecclesiae
Sancta3 Margaretae consistebant, unacum incolis et
habitatoribus eorundem, abhinc sint et esse cen-
seantur de et in parochia Sancti Martini in
Campis; Ita quod bene licebit vicario perpetuo
ipsius ecclesiae Sancti Martini qui pro tempore
fuerit, incolas et habitatores antedi<!tos ad eccle-
siam Sancti Martini praedictam pro divinis au-
diendis ac sacramentis et sacramentalibus par-
ticipandis recipere et admittere, ac decimas et
oblationes et caetera jura ecclesiastica ab ipsis
Deo et ecclesiae eorum parochiaa offerri debita et
consueta percipere et habere, absque impedimento
nostro vel haeredum nostrorum aut aliorum quo-
rumcunque : Eo quod expressa mencio, etc. In
cujus rei, etc. Teste Rege apud Westmonaste-
rium, xxj die Marcij.
" Per breve de privato Sigillo et de data, &c."
JAMES GAIRDNER.
Imparcatarum " in orig.
Salisbury Court Theatre. In a letter from
Sir George Gresley to Sir Thomas Puckering,
dated Essex House, Oct. 24, 1629, is the following
notice of the origin of this theatre :
" My Lord of Dorset is become a great husband ; for he
hath let his house in Salisbury Court unto the queen for
the Ambassador Leiger of France, which is daily ex-
pected to come over, to lie in, and giveth for it 3501. by
the year, and for the rest of his stables and outhouses
towards the water side, he hath let for 1000Z. fine and
100/. by the year rent, unto the master of the revels, to
make a playhouse for the children of the revels."
The late Mr. Thomas Rodd had in his possession
some interesting'MS. documents concerning this
old theatre, a list of which I subjoin.
1. "Indenture between John Herne of Lin-
coln's Inn, Esq., and the Earl of Dorset, relating
to the Play- House in Dorset Gardens, 1629,
signed by the Earl"
2. " Grant of permission to Andrew Rayne and
others, the qualities of Playing as well in their
present Theatre, Salisbury Court, as elsewhere,
1631."
3. " Richard Heton's Instructions for his Pa-
tent."
4. " Instructions touching Salisbury Court
Playhouse, 1639."
5. " Assignment of the Playhouse and Premises
in Salisbury Court, Lord Dorset and J. Herne to
W. Beeston, 1648."
6. " Mr. Birde's Counterpart concerning the
Playhouse in Salisbury Court, 1652."
EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
Identity of Morgan O'Doherty. I have not
the early numbers of " N". & Q." to refer to, and
may therefore be repeating something already
stated on this point. In conversation with the
late Dr. Maginn, some seventeen years ago, I
happened to quote one of the " Maxims of Ensign
O'Doherty," published in Blackwood, I think as
early as 1825 ; and the Doctor claimed it and them
as his own. This, at least, proves Dr. Maginn's
adoption of the nom de plume in question. R. W.
Reading.
Superstition at Constantina.
" Whilst great inundations have taken place in France,
Africa has been suffering from drought. At Constantina
the natives last week had recourse to what they consider
an infallible means of obtaining rain the ceremony of
ducking, with religious forms, in the nearest river the
half-witted creatures called marabouts. Five or six of
these men were conveyed in procession to the Roumel,
and there plunged several times in succession into the
water, the persons composing the procession at the same
time singing and shouting. One of them, who was un-
willing to be ducked, was thrown into the river by force,
and when he came out he declared in a passion that no
rain should fall for a year. The next day, however, to the
great delight of the natives, clouds covered the aky, and,
146
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd s. NO 34., AUG. 23. '56.
after awhile, abundant rain fell. Of course they ascribed
this result to the ducking of the marabouts. Galignani."
From T/ifJUorning Star, May 22, 1856.
K. P. D. E.
Print of Felton the Assassin. The following
passage in Dr. Heylin's Extraneus Vapulans, or
the Observator Rescued, *c., 8vo., 1656, p. 306., is
curious, as showing that a portrait of Felton, the
murderer of the Duke of Buckingham, must at
one period have been common :
" The man [Felton] might possibly be set on, and his
discontents made use of to this barbarous murder, by
some of those who wished well to the remonstrance ; and
it may be believed the rather, because the pictures of the
wretch being cut in brass, and exposed to sale, were caught
up greedily by that party; and being (because) the
copies of these letters were printed in the bottom of it, it
is more probable that our author might have them
thence."
EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
Dancing over a Husband's Grave prevented.
The following entry, bearing date May 20, 1736,
occurs in the parish register of Lymington,
Hants :
" Samuel Baldwyn, Esq., sojourner in this parish, was
immersed without the Needles, in Scratcher's Bay, sans
ceremonie. "
It is said that he ordered his remains to be thus
deposited, to prevent his wife from executing a
threat of dancing over his grave. I hope, for
Mrs. Baldwyn's sake, this was not the case.
R. W. HACKWOOD.
Raphael as a Phcenix. It is evident to me,
notwithstanding the glosses of Newton and Pearce,
that Milton (Paradise Lost, book v.) intended
the angel Raphael to assume the appearance of a
phoenix. The description
" . . . . to all the fowls he seems
A phoenix, gaz'd by all, as that sole bird," &c.,
does not appear to have been understood by any of
the commentators. It is evidently an allusion to
Tacitus (Annals, book vi. chap. 28.) : " Multo
ceterarum volucrum comitatu, novam faciem
mirantium." C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY.
Birmingham.
Farinelli. It is related (I know not upon what
authority) that for several years Farinelli sang the
same two songs every night to the King of Spain,
and in Mr. Bunn's work concerning the stage is
a letter, in which the writer speaks of possessing,
what he supposes to be a rarity, a copy (MS.) of
one of these very songs, " Pallido il Sole." The
writer had no idea that it was printed. Both that
and the other, " Per questo dolce amplesso," are
to be found in Walsh's Le Delizie deW Opere,
vol. i. From Mr. Bunn's remarks upon the letter
which was addressed to him on the occasion of
his bringing out Mr. J. Barnett's opera of Fari*
nelli, we find that Mr. Barnett also was not aware
of the existence in print of the two airs in ques-
tion. We have the Curiosities of Literature, and
these airs might find a place in the " Curiosities of
Music." A. ROFFE.
Somers Town.
A Tailor reduced to Zero. You are welcome
to the following if you think it worth embalming
in " N". & Q." I found it in Raihess Journal : it
appeared originally in the Chronique de Paris,
1835, and is founded on the sayings : "a cat has
nine lives," " nine tailors make a man : "
1 cat =9 living men,
1 man = 9 living tailors,
If { 9 cats = 9 X 9 or 81 men,
9 men = 9 X 9 or 81 tailors,
,9 cats = 81 x 81 or 6561 tailors.
According to this calculation, the value of a tailor
seems mathematically reduced to zero.
HENRY KENSINGTON.
Note from a Fly-leaf. On the fly-leaf of an
old Prayer Book, I lately found the following
memorandum :
" Lines attached to the Door of St. Mary's Church on the
Day of Thanksgiving for Lord Duncan's Victory.
" Ye wicked people, are these your pranks,
To murther men and give God thanks ?
O pray leave off, and go no further,
For God requires no thanks for murther."
I am unable to fix the locality, but am of
opinion that the place indicated is Chester : the
owner of the book having resided there about that
period. HUGH OWEN.
ETON MONTEM.
If this should meet the eye of any gentleman
who walked in either of the Montem processions
of 1790 or 1793, and who remembers having
afterwards sat for his portrait in a picture of the
ceremony, he will very much oblige me if he will
be so kind as to communicate his name and address,
as I have recently become possessed of the very
curious picture, and am endeavouring to identify
the personages. There are about eighty portraits
of Etonians, and about twenty of spectators, gen-
tlemen and ladies. J. W. CROKER.
Alverbank, Gosport, Aug. 18, 1856.
KNOWLEDGE OF EUROPEAN HISTORY AMONG BAR-
BAROUS NATIONS.
Niebuhr, in his Lectures on Ancient History,
calculates that Herodotus composed his historical
work sixty years after the expedition of Xerxes,
34., AUG. 23. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
147
and seventy years after the battle of Marathon.
He proceeds to make the following remarks :
f before Herodotus no important historical work Avas
v a upon those events, pray consider what changes,
/.uring so long a period, may have taken place in a tra-
dition which was not fixed by writing, and how many
fabulous additions may have been made to it. It is well
known that the account of Napoleon's expedition ^ to
Egypt has already assumed, in the mouth of the Egyptian
Arabs, such a fabulous appearance that it might seem to
have required a century to develop it ; and instances of
the same kind occur frequently. At a time when an oc-
currence engrosses the mind of everybody, the account of
it undergoes incredible changes: events are transposed
from an earlier to a later time, and vice versa ; we can
scarcely form an idea of this vivacity and elasticity of
traditions, because in our days everything is immediately
put upon record." Vol. i. p. 320. ed. Schmitz.
In another part of the same work, the following
observations occur during an examination of Livy's
belief that the name of Alexander the Great was
not known to the contemporary Romans :
"Maritime communications in antiquity were very
active and extensive, and the notions commonly enter-
tained on this subject are quite erroneous : after the ex-
pulsion of the kings, Roman ships sailed as far as Spain,
as we see from the treaty with Carthage. The Romans
therefore might very well know about Alexander. At
the present time reports of European occurrences reach
the interior of Africa, Persia, and China, with inconceiv-
able rapidity. Thus the French revolution was known
in the distant East at an early period, but in a peculiar
manner ; but the people in Persia and on the coast of
Arabia could not understand it. I have heard strange
things from those who had travelled in those countries ;
even in China it was very soon known. The present in-
surrection of the Greeks was known in the interior of
Africa ; in the year 1823, the attention of everybody in
Sacatoo and Borneo was occupied with it ; it was imagined
to be a general war between Christians and Mahometans.
As nations little more than half savages knew of these
things, why should not the highly civilised nations of an-
cient Italy have heard of Alexander's progress and con-
quests ? Whoever could tell of these things was no doubt
listened to by thousands. During the Seven Years' war,
my father met in Yemen the minister Fati Achmed, who
knew about the war, and by the many questions he asked
about the relations between England and France, he
showed that he took great interest in them. He had maps
of countries of which he could not read the names, but he
nevertheless formed some notions from them. In Japan,
there exists a complete European atlas in Japanese cha-
racters ; and from it the geography of Europe has been
learned for the last forty years, although the Japanese
exclude Europeans. Ib. vol. ii. p. 418."
As the barbarous and semi-barbarous nations
of Asia and Africa have in general no newspapers,
or books relating to recent history ; as they have
not even a letter-post, and the art of writing is
confined to a small number of persons ; their
knowledge of contemporary occurrences must be
derived almost exclusively from oral information.
The oral reports which are thus passed on, with-
out verification by reference to any written source,
cannot fail to undergo extensive alterations in their
progress ; especially as the notions entertained re-
specting foreign countries by a people who possess
no maps or books of geography, must be in the
highest degree confused and imperfect. Such re-
ports are moreover likely to be modified by the
peculiar ideas current among the nations which
receives the account. Thus the Kaffirs in Southern
Afric% are said to have heard of the hostilities in
the Crimea ; but to have believed that the English
had been fighting against the spirits of their
countrymen who had been killed in the late
Kaffir wars. In the passages above cited, Niebuhr
alludes to the peculiar form in which the accounts
of the French Revolution penetrated into the
heart of Asia ; and to the modifications which
Napoleon's expedition to Egypt underwent in the
mouths of the Egyptian Arabs. Can any of your
correspondents throw light upon this subject, and
give examples, either from his own experience or
from books, of the ideas entertained by Oriental
and African "nations as to the recent events of
European history, such as those mentioned by
Niebuhr ? L.
ittituir
Prince Charles Edward's Stay in Manchester in
1745. In the next Part of Byrom's Remains
(vol. ii. Part n.) will be given a very curious and
interesting detailed account of the prince's arrival
and stay in Manchester in 1745, which has never
before been printed. If any of your correspon-
dents are in possession of any unpublished letters,
or other MSS. or broadsides, illustrative of that
event, and would entrust them to the care of the
Editor, it would greatly oblige him, as it is his
wish to make the account as complete as possible.
R. PARKINSON.
St. Bees.
Egyptian Locks. The ancient Egyptian wooden
locks, having moveable pins dropping into and
securing the bolts, are still commonly used in
Egypt. From some sculptures on the temple at
Karnac, M. Denon infers that the invention is
four thousand years old. Locks identical in con-
struction are used in the Faroe Islands ; and I
have one from Shanghai similar in principle, but
improved in its details. Can any of your readers
inform me whether the Egyptian lock is to be
found in use elsewhere ? J. CHUBB.
57. St. Paul's.
Zooks. Derivation ?
A.A.D.
Death at Will. We all die in good time, in
the natural course of events, and most of us ex-
pect to find that "good time" come quite soon
enough ; but it appears that there have been in-
dividuals who, to oblige their friends, have died
somehow, and to please themselves have come to
143
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2* S. NO 34, AUG. 23. '56.
life again also somehow many times before
finally " throwing offHhis mortal coil."
The following is a case of this kind, given in
the Night Side of Nature. And, as many of your
readers may be better acquainted with its facts
than myself, I shall be obliged if they can furnish
me with, or refer me to any additional particulars
respecting it, or if they will note any similar
cases which are known to have occurred.
Speaking of voluntary trance, Mrs. Crowe says :
" He [Colonel Townshend] could, to all appearance,
die whenever he pleased ; his heart ceased to beat, there
was no perceptible respiration, and his whole frame be-
came cold and rigid as death itself: the features being
shrunk and colourless, and the eyes glazed and ghastly.
He would continue in this state for several hours, and
then gradually revive; but the revival does not appear
to have been an effort of will, or rather we are not in-
formed whether it was so or not I find, from the
account of Dr. Cheyne, who attended him, that Colonel
To\vnshend's own Avay of describing the phenomenon to
which he was subject, was, that he could 'die or expire
when he pleased;' and yet, by an effort, or somehow, he
could come to life again. He performed the experiment
in the presence of three medical men ; one of whom kept
his hand on his heart, another held his wrist, and the
third placed a looking-glass before his lips: and they
found that all traces of respiration and pulsation gra-
dually ceased, insomuch that, after consulting about his
condition for some time, they were leaving the room
persuaded that he was really dead, when signs of life
appeared, and he slowly revived. He did not die whilst
repeating the experiment, as has been sometimes as-
serted."
What " account of Dr. Cheyne" is referred to ?
R. W. HACKWOOD.
11 De Rayo" Who is the author of De Rayo,
or the Haunted Priory, a dramatic romance, pub-
lished at London in 1833 ? R. J.
Modern Judaism. In what work shall I find
the fullest details of the present belief and cere-
monial practices of the Jews ?
Are Jews landholders in any nation ? if so, how
do they regulate themselves with regard to the
year of Jubilee ? Do they interpret the ordi-
nance of restoration to the owner, as applicable
solely to the Promised Land ?
Supposing that, by political arrangement, Pa-
lestine were restored to the Jews, would they
resume the sacrifices of the Temple ?
How far as respects the creed, conduct, and
habits of the Jews themselves has Christianity,
philosophy, or the general progress of knowledge,
operated ?
Is Palestine so valuable to the Moslem, that
there is no chance of inducing him to resign its
possession for "a consideration?" and could not
that consideration be easily furnished by the scat-
tered but wealthy remnant of Israel ? DELTA.
Gerard Malynes. This old commercial writer
was, according to Chalmers, an authority in high
repute upon matters of trade in the reigns of
Elizabeth and James, and much consulted by
their governments. I am aware of slight allu-
sions to my subject in Censura Literaria, and in
Dr. Smith's Memoirs of Wool, as well as Oldys*
notice of one of his books ; but these being meagre
and unsatisfactory, perhaps through " N". & Q."
I may be helped to something more substantial
touching this " Belgicke Pismire," which, in allu-
sion to his foreign origin, his contemporary and
rival Misselden sneeringly styles him. J. O.
Ancient Drum at Durham Castle. In the prin-
cipal room at Durham Castle, and right over the
door, is a large drum affixed to the wall. I am
informed that it is a trophy which was captured
at some celebrated battle. Will MR. DIXON, or
some other Durham correspondent, kindly afford
information on this subject through your valuable
journal ? EIN FRAGEE.
Daily Service. What has been the history of
the daily prayers in our parish churches since the
Reformation ? Would it not seem from Canons
14. and 15. of the Synod of 1603, that daily
service was not then in general use ? By the first
the prescript form of divine service is enjoined to
be used on Sundays, holy days, and their eves ;
by the second the Litany is ordered to be used on
Wednesdays and Fridays weekly. The Litany, it
must be remembered, was not then so closely con-
nected as now to Morning Prayer ; the words to
be said or sung " after Morning Prayer" not being
inserted till 1662.
Yet the plain rule at the end of the Preface
Concerning the Service of the Church, " All
Priests and Deacons shall be bound to say Daily
the Morning and Evening Prayer. . . . And
the Curate that ministereth in every Parish Church
or Chapel . . . shall say the same in the
Parish Church or Chapel where he ministereth,
&c.," stood in its present place all the while, ever
since the Book of 1552. How are these apparent
contradictions to be reconciled ? Of course now
the Rubric is more binding than the Canon (in
every way), as in the parallel case respecting the
time of public catechising. A. A. D.
" There's a gude time coming." Is this say-
ing, the burden of a popular song by Dr. Mackay,
an old expression in Scotland ? I find the fol-
lowing in Rob Roy : *
" ' It is long since we met, Mr. Campbell,' said the
Duke.
" ' It is so, my Lord Duke ; I could have wished it had
been ' (looking at the fastening on his arms) ' when I could
have better paid the compliments I owe to your Grace.
But there's a gude time coming' "
PRESTONIENSIS.
* Waverley Edition, vol. vi. p. 334., Ed. 1822.
2 nd S. N 34., AUG. 23. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
149
Old Painting of Siege of Namur. I lately saw
at the house of a friend an old painting of the
capture of the castle and city of Namur in 1695.
King William on horseback is a prominent figure.
I have in my possession an engraving of the same,
taken from a painting "once King William's, and
now in the hands of the Bishop of Kildare, 1743."
I wish to know whether the above is the original
painting, or whether copies of it were taken.
CLERICUS. (D.)
Village of Ringsend. What is the origin of
the name of Ringsend, a village in the immediate
neighbourhood of Dublin ? And has the same
name been given to any other locality ?
ABHBA.
Presentiments of Death. Having been several
months in the Crimea during the severest period
of the bombardment, I can state that many cases
of presentiments were fulfilled ; as, also, that some
were falsified. There were also many deaths
without any accompanying presentiment having
been made known. A sergeant in the Light Di-
vision, who was in the second boat which reached
the shore before the Alma, and went through all
the severest work up to the final storming, fre-
quently, in his letters home, remarked, " Some-
thing tells me I shall escape ; " but, poor fellow,
he was hit severely in two places at the Redan.
In one of his letters he stated : " Many of our
men knew when they would fall, and prepared
accordingly by packing up letters and papers, and
leaving instructions as to sending and writing to
friends ; sure enough they did fall."
Query, Can any of the numerous Dreaders of
" N. & Q." add to the remarkable instances of
presentiments which have been fulfilled or falsi-
fied. Both sides should be given. R.
Family of Hogarth. I am very anxious to
obtain a pedigree of the Border family of Hogarth.
About a century ago, this name was very common
on the Scotch side of the Border ; but it is now
comparatively scarce. Dr. Burn, in his History
of Westmoreland and Cumberland, mentioning
Hogarth the painter, says that the name originated
in Westmoreland.
This I am inclined to question, because the
tradition on the borders is, that the Hogarths were
always a Scotch family ; and I have met with the
name in Berwickshire, early in the seventeenth
century.
The Hogarths were a numerous and influential
race ; and as the Border genealogies have been so
well investigated, I am in hopes that some of
your readers will be able to afford me some in^
formation from the numerous learned works on
Border antiquities which have been published.
I am curious to know if the Hogarths are classed
by Monnipenny, in his Scots Chronicle^ amongst
the plundering Border clans. Burke, in his En-
cyclopedia of Heraldry, spells the name Howgart,
or Hogarth. An early example of the former
spelling will be very acceptable. I am also very
anxious to find out some record of the intermar-
riages of the Hogarths with the Pringles and
Riddles, the dates of which I have been unable to
discover. Any information on the above, how-
ever slight, will be most acceptable.
SIGMA THETA.
Langhorne Family. A niece of mine, whose
great-grandfather was the &ev. Wm. Langhorne,
who assisted his brother, the Doctor, in the trans-
lation of Plutarch, wishes to learn some parti"
culars of this family. What relation to the
Langhornes was William Wordsworth f Was not
Mr. Robinson, ranger of Windsor Park or Forest,
a relation of the Langhornes, and did not his
daughter marry Lord Abergavenny ? Indeed, any
information will be gratifying to the lady who
asks for it through R. W. DIXON.
Seaton Carew, co. Durham.
Near-sightedness. Can any of the readers of
" N. & Q." inform me of the reason, if there is
one, of the extreme rarity of near-sightedness
among the lower classes ? The higher the po-
sition in society, the more frequent are the cases
of near-sight ; and though many (for what reason
I never could determine) often affect the defect,
though they have it not, still genuine cases are
very common among the higher classes, and I do
not remember having met with a single case
among the lower ones. " BELLISARIUS.
M c Turk and Williams (qy. of Flint}, Families of.
Is there any published or accessible MS. ge-
nealogy of these families ? The inquiry has more
immediate reference to a lady of the name of
M c Turk, living circa 17301800, it is supposed at
Chester (Pepper Street), and presumed to have
been connected with the family of Ashton Wil-
liams (qy. of Flint), and that of Walmsley of
Coldcoates and Eaves within Wiswall, co. Lan-
cashire, and of Bashall, co. York ; as also, pro-
bably, with that of Smith Kelsall, Esq., Cheshire.
INVESTIGATOR.
The Fifth Crusade. Can any of your readers
inform me as to the date and circumstances of the
fifth Crusade ? M. E. J.
Climate of Hastings. Can any of your readers
tell me where I can find any printed meteorolo-
gical tables or observations relating to Hastings or
the immediate neighbourhood, besides those con-
tained in the following works :
1. Harwood on The Curative Influence of the
Southern Coast of England, 1828.
2. Britton's Descriptive Sketches of Turibridge
Wells, 1832,
150
NOTES AND QUEEIES.
[2* S. N 34, Aua. 23. '56.
3. Clark on Th e Sanative Influence of Climate,
3rd ed., 1841 ; 4th ecL,,'1846.
4. Cresy's Report to the General Board of
Health, 1850.
5. Mack ness on Hastings considered as a Resort
for Invalids, 1st ed. 1842, 2nd ed. 1850. *
M. D.
Gillet, alias Candler or Chandler. A fa-
mily of these names is described in Burke's Ar-
moury as of Ipswich, co. Suffolk. I believe that
one of them was head master of Woodbridge
Grammar School in the latter part of the seven-
teenth century; and another, the Rev. Philip
Candler, according to Blomefield's History of
Norfolk, was Rector of Blofield, Norfolk, in 1735.
Any information respecting them, or communica-
tion from their descendants, if any, would oblige
E. G. R.
Dover Castle. I have lately heard a story
that the road up the hill to Dover Castle was
made in the space of two hours by four thousand
men. Can any of your readers confirm or refute
this statement ? M. D.
Pagan Philosopher: Author of Sir Simon League :
Edbiger. The following passages are from An
Enquiry into the Influence of Art upon Religion,
Brussels, 1834, pp. 164. :
" A more elevated tone is perceptible in the last of the
pagan philosophers, who asks: ' Why should man, him-
self the maker of idols, trust to them who are lifeless, and
whose harmony is external only? Perishable things,
too, and of short duration. Is truth and reality in them ?
Nothing absolutely pure and true can spring from human
art." P. 29.
" I went over the cathedral at Upsale with my gifted
friend the author of Sir Simon League, who fully shared
my opinion that though here, as at Utrecht, much had
been done to give to these vast edifices the air of Pro-
testant churches, the spirit of Rome pervaded the walls,
influencing the worship, and even the music. These re-
sults in Protestant Germany are fully shown by Eabiger."
P. 102.
On this I beg to ask, who is the pagan philo-
sopher, and where is the original of the above
passage ? Who are " the author of Sir Simon
League " and Rabiger ? E. J.
Paris.
" Dyalogues of Creatures Moralyzed" I shall
be much obliged if any one will tell me the author
in Latin, the translator into English, the publisher,
and the date, of the following work : the title-
page of which stands thus
" The Dialoges of Creatures Moralysed. Applyably
and edlficatyfly to euery mery and iocounde mater, of late
translated out of Latyn into our Englysshe tonge, right
profitable to the gouernauuce of man. ^[And they be to
sell, vpo Powlys churche yarde."
The remainder of the title-page is filled up
with a rude woodcut of two monsters a male
and a female half man, half ox.
The volume is quite perfect and whole, but it
gives none of the usual information on any of the
points I have specified above. It is in very clear
type, similar to that used by Caxton in his later
works, and is profusely illustrated with a great
number of rude 'woodcuts.
I shall also be glad to be informed whether or
not it has ever been reprinted, wholly or in part ;
or much quoted from ?
I have looked through Dibdin, but if he men-
tions it, I have missed it. In the printed cata-
logue of the Bodleian, there is this entry
" Creature Dyalogus creaturarum optime morali-
gatus, omni materie morali jocondo modo applicabilis,
fol. Gouda, per Gerardum Leeu, 1482, title wanting"
and "in English, 4to." In Watt's Bibliotheca,
there is
" Creature 1481, Dialogus Creaturarum Moralizatus ;
cum figuris, Paris, fol. A most uncommonly scarce
work."
The copy now before me has the title-page.
Gerard Leeu was a printer at Antwerp, circa
1490. Any information about this volume will
much oblige HENRY KENSINGTON.
[ The Dialogues of Creatures has been frequently pub-
lished in other languages. In the Latin and Dutch alone
there were not less than fifteen editions before 1511. It
was first published under the title of Dyalogus Creaturarum
Moralizatus, by Gerard Leeu, Gouda, fol., 1480. In 1511,
under the title of Destructorium Vitiorum ex similitudinum
Creaturarum exemplorum appropriations per modum Dia-
loqi, &c., by Claude Nourry, at Lyons, small fol. The
edition printed in English, without date, was probably
produced at a foreign press. Herbert, in a manuscript
note, says, " Although mention is made that this book is
to be sold in St. Paul's Church-yard, both in the title and
colophon, yet I am inclined to think it was printed in
France, by the type and blooming letters ; the former
being much like Thelman Kerver's, and of the latter
some are very uncommon." In 1816, a beautiful reprint,
edited by Joseph Haslewood, was published by Robert
Triphook in 4to., of which ninety-eight copies were
printed, all of which, excepting forty-two, were de-
stroyed by fire. This edition contains a valuable biblio-
graphical" account of the work. Mr. Haslewood states,
that " all particulars of the author and of the origin of
the work have hitherto escaped research : no ancient
manuscript of it is known, and it is doubtful if there is a
quotation from it in any old authority."]
Lord Chancellor Cowper and Mr. Justice Spencer
Cowper. Sir Walter Scott, in a note to his edi-
tion of the Works of Swift, says :
" Lord Chancellor Cowper was branded with bigamy,
because he had written a work on the plurality of wives,
and had, adds Voltaire, actually two Ladies Cowper in his
domestic regime. His brother the judge had previously
been tried for the murder of a young woman, one Sarah
Stout, whom he had deluded by a feigned marriage while he
had a wife alive," &c.
Is there any authority for the assertion, that
2 d S, N 34,, Aua 23. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
151
the Chancellor had two Ladies Cowper on his
establishment ; or for the other assertion, that
Spencer Cowper had deluded Sarah Stout by a
feigned marriage ? I find no mention of any such
charge against the judge in the accounts of his
trial which I have read. They merely state that
she was his mistress. S. S.
[This Query may, perhaps, receive some light from the
following passage in the English Traveller, vol. ii. p. 315 :
" Hertingfordbury, by some esteemed one of the plea-
santest villages in England. The seat of the Earl Cow-
per here, called Hertingfordbury Park, was the estate of
Mrs. Elizabeth Culling, who lies buried in the church-
yard. This lady, having two natural children by that
Lord, a son and a daughter, the former dying soon after
he came of age, the young lady, his sister, sold the estate,
in the year 1720, to her father's brother, the late Judge
[Spencer] Cowper, for fifty years' purchase at least, and
he again disposed of it to his' brother, the late great Lord
Cowper, Lord High Chancellor of England." It has been
said, that in the early part of his life a pretended mar-
riage, without the forms of law, took place between Mr.
Cowper, afterwards the Chancellor, and the lady here
mentioned, Mrs. Elizabeth Culling; and hence probably
originated the story of the Chancellor having two wives,
and the name given him by Swift in The Examiner of
" Will Bigamy." " But," as Lord Campbell remarks,
" there is no foundation whatever for the assertion that
he had married Miss Elizabeth Culling ; and, notwith-
standing the calumnies of Swift and Mrs. Manley, and
the statement with which Voltaire amused Europe, that
the Lord Chancellor of England practised and defended
polygamy, he had dropped all correspondence with this
lady before he was introduced to either of the two wives
whom he successively led to the altar." Lives of the
Lord Chancellors, vol. iv. p. 261.
The following passage from No. 23., folio edition, of
The Examiner thus notices the work on Plurality of
Wives attributed to the Chancellor : " This gentleman
[Will Bigamy] knowing that marriage fees were a con-
siderable perquisite to the clergy, found out a way of im-
proving them cent, by cent, for the good of the Church.
His invention was to marry a second wife while the first
was alive, convincing her of the lawfulness by such argu-
ments as he did not doubt would make others follow the
same example. These he had drawn up in writing, with
intention to publish for the general good ; and it is hoped
he may now have leisure to finish them." The statement
that Spencer Cowper had deluded Sarah Stout by a
feigned marriage originated most probably from the
malevolent turn given to the affair of the trial by Mrs.
Manley in the New Atalantis, in her story of " Mosco and
Zara," in which she made very free with the characters
of many high and distinguished personages.]
Simon Senhouse. When did Simon Senhouse,
prior of Carlisle, die ? J. P. SENHOUSE.
[In Burn's Cumberland we read that Simon Senhouse,
of the House of Seascales in Cumberland, was chosen
prior of Carlisle in 1507 ; and it is added, in the last edi-
tion of Dugdale's Monasticon, that he was alive in 1519.]
Cornelius Kilianus Dufflceus. Where can an
account of this lexicographer be found ? and why
is he always quoted as " Kilian ? " though my copy
of his work is lettered on the back, " Dufflaei
Diet. Teut.-Latinum." And both in the " Epistle
to the Reader," and in the commendatory verses
by him, prefixed to Verstegan's Restitution of De-
cayed Intelligence, $-c., he uses the three names as
above. The Penny Cyclopedia says that he cor-
rected the press for Christopher Plantin. I sup-
pose his " Teut." is the dialect of Brabant.
E. G. R.
[Cornelius Kilian was a native of Duffel, in Brabant ;
hence the affix to his name. Besides his Etyrnologicon
Linguae Teutonic^ he published some Latin Poems, and
An Apology for Correctors of the Press against Authors ;
and translated into Flemish the Memoirs of Philip de Co~
mines. He died in 1607.]
Synodals. " Verses, vain repetitions, com-
memorations, and synodals" (Preface to the
Prayer-Book, Concerning the Service of the
Church.) What are synodals f A. A. D.
[These were the publication or recital of the provincial
constitutions in the parish churches. For after the con-
clusion of every provincial synod, the canons thereof were
to be read in the churches, and the tenor of them to be
declared and made known to the people; and some of
them to be annually repeated on certain Sundays in the
year. Dr. Nichols on Preface concerning the Service of the
Church.]
Horace on Architecture. Where is it that, ac-
cording to Byron,
" Horace has expressed
Shortly and sweetly the masonic folly
Of those, forgetting the great place of rest,
Who give themselves to architecture wholly."
Don Juan.
Perhaps some classic contributor will kindly
point me the Latin poet's line. PALLADIO.
[The following lines of the Roman Lyric bard, descrip-
tive of the folly of those who build mansions, " forgetting
the great place of rest," are unquestionably the passage to
which Byron alludes : a
" Tu secanda marmora
Locas, sed ipsum fun us, et sepulchri
Immemor, struis domos."
Hor. Od., lib. n. xviii. v. 17-19.
"You are buying marble for building, when on the
verge of the grave, and, unmindful of the tomb, you
begin to build houses."]
PARISH REGISTERS.
(2 nd S. ii. 66.)
Your correspondent W., of Bombay, has done
well in drawing attention to the subject of parish
registers. The best course to pursue would be,
as he suggests, to have them all printed ; but the
expense would be so very great, that I despair of
ever seeing the project put in execution. If
manuscript copies were taken, and deposited in
the General Register Office, a great point would
be gained ; but really some immediate provision
should be made for the safe custody of the origi-
nals. No doubt much better care is taken to
152
NOTES AND QUERIES.
S. NO 34, AUG. 23. '56.
preserve them now than fifty years ago ; but they
are yet very much exposed to decay, wanton
mutilation, and loss. I could point out more than
one parish in this county where they have, of
late years, suffered much from damp ; and jnany
where the clerk has the key of the box in which
they are kept, and will show them to any well-
dressed stranger who will give him a shilling. A
pamphlet by William Downing Bruce, Esq., F.S.A.,
on the condition of parish registers *, contains an
accumulation of facts bearing on this point, suffi-
cient to convince any one that they are now fre-
quently not in safe custody. For instance, the
writer states, that in 1845 he made copious ex-
tracts from the register of Andover, in Hampshire,
" but, that on visiting that place for the purpose
of a supplementary search, I found that these
books were no longer in existence; and those
which remained were kept in the rectory-house,
in a damp place under the staircase, and in a
shameful state of dilapidation." A few lines
farther on, we read of a register book discovered
" in a tattered state behind some old drawers in
the curate's back-kitchen." Of another rescued
by an antiquary from " among a quantity of waste
paper in a cheesemonger's shop." And of a parish
clerk who used all the registers of South Otter-
ington, preceding the eighteenth century, con-
taining entries of the families., of Talbot, Herbert,
and Falconberg, for waste paper : a considerable
portion going " to singe a goose."
If some means were taken for binding and re-
storing those that are torn and decayed, many
would be preserved. I have more than once sug-
gested, when examining a torn, coverless document
of this kind, that it should be well bound, and other-
wise carefully mended ; but have almost always
been met by the objection, that it ought not to go
out of the possession of the minister of the parish.
In one case where that difficulty had been re-
moved, the churchwardens refused to pay the
necessary expense.
It is, I suppose, generally known that transcripts
of parish registers exist, or ought to exist, in the
various 'episcopal registries. I have never had
occasion to consult any excepting such as relate
to this county. Those preserved at Lincoln, I
found very badly kept. When I made a search
there in 1854, some of the early ones were ar-
ranged in years : the later ones, written on the
printed forms, were thrown about in bundles on
the floor. No return whatever could then be
found for the parish of Kirton-in-Lindsey, al-
though I have certain proofs that returns had
been made. I asked the clerk, who was assisting
me, what was contained in a large deal chest or
* A Letter to R. Monckion Milnes, Esq., M.P., on the
Condition and Unsafe State of Ancient Parochial Registers
in England and the Colonies, 1850. London : Ridgway.
packing-box, then standing in the room we were
in. He did not know, he assured me. However,
I had had some experience of the place before,
and thought it might very possibly contain the
transcripts I wanted; so I looked within, and
found it nearly full of copies of parish registers
(many of them very old) in such a state of dis-
order, dirt, and decay, as I am loath to describe.
On my remarking to the clerk that, of course, now
that these things were discovered, the registrar
would take care to have them cleaned and ar-
ranged, he said : " No, it is not likely he will
spend any money on them now, as the court will
soon be abolished. I am sure he will not meddle
with them."
These copies are, I believe, legal evidence, and
are the more valuable, as they will almost always
supply the vacancies caused by the loss or injury
of the originals in the parish churches. It is to
be hoped that when the wills, and aU other testa-
mentary documents, are removed to the proposed
new offices (see the Solicitor General's Wills and
Administration Bill), these records will not be
permitted to remain in their present custody, but
be deposited with the Registrar General ; in whose
hands they will be well cared for, and easily
accessible. EDWARD PEACOCK.
Manor Farm, Bottesford, Brigg.
GREAT EVENTS FROM SMALL CAUSES.
(2 nd S. ii. 43.)
Your correspondent F. S. says truly that co-
pious instances might be cited in illustration of
the truth that " great events from little causes
spring." One pregnant with mightier results
could not perhaps be quoted than that which I am
about to mention, and which is doubtless familiar
to most of your readers.
When many Puritans emigrated or were about
to emigrate to America in 1637, Cromwell, either
despairing of his fortunes at home, or indignant at
the rule of government which prevailed, resolved
to quit his native country, in search of those civil
and religious privileges of which he could freely
partake in the New World.
Eight ships were lying in the Thames, ready to
sail ; in one of them, says Hume (quoting Mather
and other authorities), were embarked Hazelrig,
Hampden, Pym, and Cromwell. A proclamation,
was issued, and the vessels were detained by Order
in Council. The king had indeed cause to rue
this exercise of his authority. In the same year
Hampden's memorable trial the great case of
Ship Money occurred. What events rapidly
followed !
In the last Number of the Quarterly Review
(197), upon Guizot's works on the civil war, the con-
2 nd S. N 34, AUG. 23. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
153
duct of the king and the government is adverted to.
The harsh proceedings of the Court were defended
on the ground that the Puritans " took liberty to
nourish their factious and schismatical humours in
those remote wilds : " but oppressed as they were
at home by the civil and ecclesiastical authorities,
it does not appear that they profited in the school
of adversity ; as the reviewer tells us that they
( ' set up a tyranny of their own in America, infi-
nitely more cruel and intrusive than the system
from which they indignantly fled." (P. 121.)
J. H. M.
THE HOUSE OF BRUNSWICK AND THE CASTING
VOTE.
(2 nd S. ii. 44. 97.)
Since I replied to the Query of F. S. on this
subject, I have had my attention called to De-
brett's Baronetage for 1824; in which a some-
what different version of the transaction is given.
As the matter is curious, and will be widely cir-
culated if admitted into the pages of "N. & Q.,"
perhaps you may not consider it too lengthy for
insertion. Debrett says :
" On the memorable day that the Hanoverian* succes-
sion bill passed the house of commons, in the beginning
of Queen Anne's reign, Sir Arthur Owen, Bart., member
for Pembrokeshire, and Griffith Rice, Esq., member for
Carmarthenshire, prevented the friends of the present
royal family from being left in a minority. If it had not
been for these two gentlemen, there is little doubt but
the Tory party in parliament, by the influence of the then
Tory ministry, would have soon carried it for the Pre-
tender to succeed his sister Queen Anne !
" The particulars, known now but to few, as related by
the posterity of these families, are :
" Sir Arthur Owen and Mr. Rice on that day met ac-
cidentally in the lobby, when the Tory administration
were stealing the question through the house at an early
hour; when a majority of their friends attended by de-
sign, and when many of the Whigs were absent, not think-
ing it would come on until the usual hour.
" When the house was about to divide, one of the Whig
members, seeing a seeming majority in favour of the
house of Stuart, exclaimed that the whole was an infa-
mous proceeding. He immediately ran out of the house,
almost frantic, in search of some of his partizans, to give
a turn to the question in favour of the Elector of Hanover.
" Perceiving Sir Arthur and Mr. Rice, as he came out,
walking earnestly about the lobby, he addressed them
thus with much vehemence, ' What do you mean, gen-
tlemen! staying here when the Hanoverian succession
bill is going to be thrown out of the house? ' 'When I
heard that,' Sir Arthur used often to relate, I made but
one step into the house, and my voice made the number
equal for the bill, 117, and the 'Tories had no more. Mr.
Rice, with great gravity, coming after me, had the honour
of giving the casting vote in favour of the Hanoverian
succession ! Had it not (added Sir Arthur) been for the
warmth of my zeal, being then a young man, this honour
would have been mine ; for as Mr. Rice was my senior, I
might have followed him into the house.' "
This account, which is most probably the cor-
rect version, takes the casting vote from Sir
Arthur Owen, and gives it to Mr. Rice ; but is in
no way inconsistent with the tradition of my lady
informant respecting Sir Arthur's rapid journey
to London, which may have been taken with the
intention of being present at the important debate.
Thus he actually made the balance even, and his
friend turned the scale. JOHN PAVIN PHILLIPS.
Haverfordwest.
WHITSUNDAY.
(2 nd S. ii. 77.)
Your valuable correspondent F. C. H., after
clearly showing that our English word for Pente-
cost cannot be derived from the German Pfingsten^
says :
" The received origin of the name Whitsunday is from
the appearance of the neophytes on that Sunday and
during the octave, in the church, in the ivhite garments
which they had received at their solemn baptism on the
preceding Saturday, called Whitsun Eve."
Unless I be much mistaken F. C. H. is far astray
from the mark. 1. To my thinking, we ought
not to write "Whitsunday" but Witsonday. That
this was the old spelling is certain ; Wyeliffe so
wrote the word in his translation of the New Tes-
tament, 1 Cor. xvi., and such is the spelling of it
in the Paston Letters, let. xv. 2. The English
word Witsonday, miscalled Whitsunday, drew its
origin from nothing whatever connected with the
term white, but from wit mind, understanding.
That in the early ages of the Church all jieo-
phytes, who were then as often grown-up jMple
as children, used to wear, for the whole week fol-
lowing, the white garment in which they were
robed as emblematic of spotless regeneration, im-
mediately they had been baptized, is undeniable ;
and as public baptism was always given with much
solemnity in those ages, on the eve of Easter
and Pentecost Sundays, this white garment was
thrown off on the Saturday following. Easter
eve, however, was the time more especially chosen
for the public administration of this sacrament ;
and hence it is that even now, though the usage
of wearing the white baptismal garment for the
week has not been followed for many ages, the
Sunday next after Easter is yet called Dominica
in Albis, the word " depositis " being understood :
in the Ambrosial Missal it is named " Dominica
in albis depositis." In some churches, the whole
of Easter week was called u in albis," because the
newly-baptized went, wearing their white gar-
ment, to church, and partook of the holy commu-
nion ; and Low Sunday is termed " Dominica
post albas," because the white garment had been
laid aside the eve before (Ordo Ojficiorum Ecc.
Senensis, p. 191 ; and Lib. Sacramentorum, S.
Gregorii, ed. Menardo, p. 149.). Though this
ceremony of the white garment at the Easter bap-
154
NOTES AND QUERIES,
[2 1 * S. N 34., AUG. 23. '56.
tism is so well marked in all the oldest rituals, and
even yet is remembered in the rubrics of the
Roman Missal, no such particular mention is made
of it for the baptism at Pentecost, nor do the
rubrics for that season preserve a record of it.
3. Our Anglo-Saxon forefathers had no word
like Witsonday or Witsontide ; but called the
Sunday and its octave by the term Pentecostes ;
Mid it is likely that among them, as among the
other nations of the Church, the ceremony of
wearing a white robe for a week after baptism had
grown obsolete many years before the coming of
the Normans. Witsontide is an English word, and
did not, as it seems, get into use earlier than the
twelfth or thirteenth century. This, however, is
certain, that its introduction was 'long after the
custom had ceased of neophytes wearing a white
robe for eight days after their baptism. The
meaning of the term among our forefathers who
originated it, we learn from the Liber Festivalis,
where John Mirk, canon regular of Lilleshull, its
writer, says :
" Good men and wimmen this day (Dies Penthecostes)
is called Wytsonday by cause the hoty ghoost brought
\vytte and wysdom in "to Crestis dyscyples and so by her
pfechyng after in to all cristendom (Et repleti sunt
omnes spiritu sancto) and fylled hem full of ghostly
tvytte." Fol. xlvi. b.
Thus we find that the root of the word is not
" white," nor had anything to do with white gar-
ments, but "wit" mind, understanding, and
Pentecost was so called to signify the enlighten-
ment by the Holy Ghost of the soul the under-
stating the " wit " of man. D. ROCK.
MR. DENTON'S suggestion that the corresponding
names of Whitsunday in foreign languages should
be given in " N. & Q.," I gladly comply with, as
I think the comparison will tend to show that the
origin, to which I alluded, is correct.
French. Le jour de la Pentecote.
Italian, II giorno della Pentecoste.
Saxon. Pentecostenes masssedosg.
German. Pfingstonn tag.
Dutch. Der Pingster dag.
Spanish. Dia de Pentecostes.
In each of these cases the compound is of Pente-
cost and day. The English adjective is Whitson,
as in the terms
' morrice-dance.
farthings.
tide.
lord.
week.
ale, &c.
The feast, certainly, is not White-Sunday, what-
ever meaning White might be supposed to bear ;
but specially the Whitson-day, as Easter-day,
Whitson-
Christmas-day, or Ascension-day. The White-
Sunday would be the Dominica in Albis, not
Pentecost, which is the word used in the list of
holy days more than once in the Book of Common
Prayer, for this feast, as it was till about the
twelfth century. MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A.
Whitsunday : .Pilate. In a Note on the deriva-
tion of "Whitsunday" (2 nd S. ii. 99.), MR. DENTON
gives a quotation by Hearne from a " very rare
book printed by Wynkyn de Worde." Now this
" very rare book " is none other than the Liber
Festivalis, which was printed by Wynkyn de
Worde, and also two editions by Caxton. Hav-
ing access to a copy of it, I turned to it to collate
Hearne's quotation, which is quite correct, and in
so doing, I stumbled on the following derivation
of another word, which I now forward fo you, as
I think it will tend to show MR. DENTON that the
derivations in this work are not worth much, as
they are evidently founded on a mere similarity of
sound. One of Caxton's editions was in 1483 ;
that by Wynkyn de Worde in 1493 :
"This Pylate was a knyghtes sone that was called
Tyrus, that he gate hym on a woma that hyght Pyle,
and this womans fader hyght Ate. So whan this chylde
was borne they sette his moders name and the grande
fader after, and so by bothe names called hym Pylate."
HENRY KENSINGTON.
QUEEN ANNE'S FOSTER FATHER, WAS HE IRISH?
(2 nd S. ii. 86.)
In reference to the Query in your last, signed
C. M. B., I had my attention directed to this sub-
ject by a letter, probably from the Querist, to a
friend, some time since, but could find nothing
particularly satisfactory. The individual inci-
dentally mentioned in the Blennerhassett pedigree
is set down as son of " David Barry of Rahamska,
and Elinor, 4th daughter of Sir Thomas Hurly of
Knocklong." A brief note mentions him as " the
late Queen Anne's foster father," and that is all.
Looking over Miss Strickland's gossiping Me-
moirs of the Queens of England lately, I find
some particulars which may serve as a clue to
further inquiries on this subject. That lady, in
her life of Queen Mary II., uses largely, and gives
frequent references to, the Diary of Dr. Lake,
the tutor to the Duke of York's daughters. And
under the date of November 1677, at the mar-
riage of William of Orange and the Princess
Mary, we find the diarist noting that her sister
Anne was ill of the small-pox, and his own trouble
at not being allowed to go to her chamber to
read prayers to her :
" This troubled me," he says, " the more, because the
nurse of the Lady Anne was a very busy zealous Roman
S. NO 34., AUG. 23. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
155
Catholic, and would probably discompose Her Highness
if she had an opportunity."
So far the probability of her foster parents being
Irish is confirmed. Further on in the Diary, we
find the following, under date of Nov. 1 1 :
" I read prayers to Her Highness Lady Anne ; she was
somewhat giddy, and very much disordered. She re-
quested me not to leave her, and recommended to me the
care of her foster-sister's instruction in the Protestant re-
ligion. At night I christened her nurse's child Mary."
" This," as Miss Strickland observes, " was the
daughter of the Roman Catholic nurse. How she
came to permit the Church of England chaplain
to christen her baby is not explained."
So far for Lake's Diary, which must be yet in
existence, if not in print.* Miss Strickland ac-
knowledges her obligations to Messrs. Elliot and
Merrivale for facilitating her access to its con-
tents. Probably farther examination might give
the name of the nurse in question.
But there is a farther notice in the same life,
which rather perplexes the question. At the
Revolution, when, on Nov. 26, 1688, the Princess
Anne fled from Whitehall at night, to join the
Prince of Orange, among the proofs of the real or
pretended consternation of her household when
she was missed next morning, it is mentioned
that " old Mrs. Buss, the nurse of the princess,
immediately cried out that the princess had been
murdered by the queen's priests," and rushed into
the queen's presence, rudely demanding her of
her majesty. Miss Strickland, recollecting Dr.
Lake's notes about her nurse's zealous papistry,
seems sensible how oddly this would sound in her
mouth, and suggests that she had " perhaps been
converted." The name Buss, too, suggests a diffi-
culty ; but it is so written in King James's
Memoirs, although another MS. has it written
Butt. Either is far enough in spelling or sound
from "Barry;" and yet in the loose and inaccu-
rate spelling of the time, or in the giving familiar
or pet names, which Queen Anne was we know
in the habit of using for favourites (vid. Mrs.
Morley and Freeman), there is no impossibility in
Mrs. Buss having been Mrs. Barry. And know-
ing as I do thoroughly the genealogical record to
which C. M. B. refers, I can vouch for its general
accuracy in anything it asserts. A. B. R.
Belmont.
tfl
"Nolo episcopari" (1 st S. iv. 346.) A corre-
spondent inquires why this phrase is applied to a
feigned reluctance in accepting an offer ; and you,
in an editorial answer, quote Christian's note on
Blackstone's Commentaries, stating that it is a
[* The Diary of Dr. Edward Lake, edited by George
Percy Elliott, Esq., is published in the Camden Miscellany,
vol. i. 1847.]
vulgar error that every bishop, before he accepts
his bishoprick, uses the expression ; that the
writer has not been able to discover its origin;
and that certainly bishops give no such refusal at
present, nor, he thinks, ever did in this country.
In the trial of Colonel Fiennes for surrender-
ing the city of Bristol, Prynne, the prosecutor,
speaking of a man's modest excuse of his own in-
sufficiency for a place which he perchance desires,
assimilates it to
" our bishops' usual answer, nolo, nolo, to vis episcopari ?
NOW used as a formality, for fashion sake only, even
when they come to be consecrated ; when in truth they
make all the friends and means they can to compass that
bishoprick, which (for fashion sake, out of a dissembling
modesty), they pretend, and twice together answer
solemnly (when demanded openly before the congregation)
that they desire by no means to accept of." State Trials,
iv. 212.
Surely Prynne, who is an earlier, perhaps a
better, authority than Professor Christian, would
not have made this allusion unless it were founded
in fact. The question therefore is, whether this
form of denial, if not adopted now, was or was
not in use in the Reformed Church before the
Great Rebellion, in the consecration of bishops ?
The reply in your same volume, p. 456., does
not touch this question. EDWARD Foss.
The Irish Round Towers (2 nd S. ii. 79.) Al-
though your correspondent C. states he has not
the slightest doubt that the round towers of Ire-
land were belfries, (an opinion in which he could
not know that I might not coincide,) I should not
have noticed his remarks had they been accom-
panied with the usual courtesy which generally
pervades the language of your correspondents, in-
stead of the following curt rebuke, " that it would
be a sad waste of your space to reproduce the
absurd theories with which this question has been
perplexed." When the origin and use of these
very ancient'structures have engaged the attention
of such eminent antiquaries as Tanner, Vallancey,
Petrie, and others, this ipse dixit of an anonymous
writer partakes rather too strongly of the authori-
tative dictum of an imperial dictator. It was not
the office of your correspondent to decide whether
the opinions of the above writers might or might
not be acceptable to your readers. You were the
proper judge. J. M. G.
Worcester.
Varnishing Old Boohs (2 nd S. ii. 69.) Re-
garding the varnishing of old volumes, I think
that little can be effected by such compositions to
preserve leathers : in some cases varnish applied
to new bindings may tend somewhat to repel the
action of the atmosphere and deleterious gases,
but is also likely to harden the leather at the
joints, the parts where the greatest action takes
place in opening a book.
156
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
[2nd s. NO 34., AUG. 23. '56.
There is no doubt that old bindings, if in sound
condition, may be furbished up (as bookbinders
say) by the applicatidh of shell varnish ; though
the thing most wanting to render the leather
supple is an oil or fatty matter to replace the
unction dried out of the skin by the action of
time. A composition to render old hides soft and
pliable, without staining or injuring, would be a
desideratum.
Much harm is done to leather from the want of
ventilation ; books require use and air, as may be
seen by the condition of the bindings in many
large libraries where there are no readers, or
where there are readers and but little air. The
library of the Athenaeum was affected so seriously
some years since from this latter cause (gas and
heat), that the backs of calf bindings fell away,
and the leather crumbled upon touching.
The library ought to have the same attention as
the green-house ; light, air, and equal moisture,
ought to be imparted to the leaves in either case.
Light without injury to colour, moisture without
mildew, and air without soot, are as necessary to
the librarian's as to the gardener's charge.
LUKE LIMNER, F.S.A.
Eegent's Park.
Francis's Horace (l st |S. xii. 218. 311.) Allow
me to add to my reply on this subject in your
Number for Oct. 20, 1855. I then stated my
belief that the edition of Francis's Horace printed
by Woodfall in 1746, was the first edition; and
I still think it may have been the first edition of
the entire Translation. But a portion had been
published in Dublin as early as 1742, for I have
now before me two handsome 8vo. volumes thus
entitled :
" The Odes, Epodes and Carmen Seculare of Horace, in
Latin and JEngli.sk, with Critical Notes collected from the
best Latin and French Commentators.
Musa deditfidibus divos, puerosque Deorum,
Et pugilem victorem, et equum certamine primum,
Etjuvenum cur as, et liber a vina reforre.
Arte Poetica.
By the Rev. Mr. Philip Francis. Dublin: Printed by
S. Powell, and Sold by T. Moore, at Erasmus' Head, in
Dame Street. M.DCCXLII."
After the title-page of the first volume follows
" The Names of the Subscribers." A goodly list,
occupying six pages in double columns, including
the names of many most eminent persons, and
headed by those of
" His Excellency Robert Jocelyn, Esq., Lord High
Chancellor of Ireland."
" His Excellency Henry Boyle, Esq., Speaker of the
Honourable House of Commons."
Both of whom subscribed for copies on " Royal
Paper."
I hope this information will be useful to your
Querist. M. N. S.
Hospital Out-Patients (2 nd S. ii. 69.) The
days of attendance for out-patients at the Bolton
Dispensary are Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday.
The greater the number of days the more con-
venient it must be for the poor, whose time is not
always their own. It is not expected that the
patient shall attend except when ordered to do so
by the surgeon. The population of Bolton at the
last census was upwards of sixty thousand.
G. (1.)
John Ker Strother (2 nd S. i. 211.) That
there was such a person as John Strother Ker,
Esq., is most certain, and here are a few notes of
his descent, copied for the information of HERAL-
DICUS from my History of North Durham, p. 318.:
" William Strother of Kirknewton, in Northumberland,
was father of Lancelot, father of John, father of William,
of Grindon Ridge, in the parish of Norham in North
Durham, father of another William who left an only
daughter married to Walter Ker, Esq. John Strother
Ker, Esq., their son, baptized at Norham, 28th Sep., 1704,
married the Hon. Jean Lady Ramsey. (.From Law
Papers.} The Register of Norham contains the following
entries: Baptized 25 May, 1679, William, son of Mr.
William Strother (then a captain in the army), of Grin-
don Ridge. Jan. 16, 1681-2, Margaret, his dau., bap.
June 25, 1690, Jane, a dau., bap. Aug. 20, 1770, buried,
George Strother of Wheeler Street, London."
JAMES RAINE.
Lord George Gordon" s Riots (2 nd S. i. 287. 518.)
In reference to the subject of Lord George
Gordon's riots, W. W. states that " he can find no
mention made of any females being left for exe-
cution ; " but upon referring to the Westminster
Magazine for July, 1780, I find a list of the
rioters, among whom are several females : two,
Mary Roberts and Charlotte Gardner, were ac-
tually executed on Tower Hill, July 11, 1780.
FREDERICK DANBY PAJLMER.
Great Yarmouth.
George Manners (2 nd S. i. 314.) In answer
to your correspondent X. (1.) I will state that
George Manners died in Coburg, Canada West,
February 18, 1853, aged seventy-five years. He
was British Consul in Massachusetts, resident in
Boston, from 1819 to 1839. He was the author
of several dramas of merit, and other poetical
works. J. P.
Boston, U. S. A.
"Hayne" or Haining" (2 nd S. ii. 49.78.), a
place reserved; not cultivated or pastured. A
word in common use in the North of England and
South of Scotland. In sheep-farms, hained ground
means, that which is reserved for a particular
purpose, such as to pasture the lambs upon
after they are weaned, or for the purpose of
making hay from. It also, in some of the old
Scotch acts of parliament, is used for land en-
closed by a hedge or other fence. Its derivation
2 d s. NO 34., AUG. 23. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
157
is probably from the Saxon heg-en, to keep ;
German, hain, septum. The French word haie, a
hedge, seems probably to have the same origin :
as also the English word hay, fodder, being the
produce of hained pasture. See Jamieson's Dic-
tionary and Supplement.
Near the town of Selkirk is a considerable
estate with a large and ancient mansion, which
has, time out of mind, been called " The Haining."
J. Ss.
In Gloucestershire and Somersetshire the pas-
ture fields when kept unstocked with cattle for
mowing, or for future feed, are said to be
" hayned." GEO. E. FRERE.
Hoyden Hall, Diss.
Halliwell (Prov. Diet.} explains this as " an in-
closure, a park," probably one enclosed by hays
or hedges. The word hay in this sense is still in
use in Norfolk, though growing obsolete.
E. G. R.
Human Leather (2 nd S. ii. 68.) A portion of
the skin of a murderer named Charles Smith, who
was executed at Newcastle-on-Tyne, Dec. 3, 1817,
underwent the process of tanning, and a piece of
it was sold so recently as May, 1855. This oc-
curred at the sale of a part of the library of a well-
known local collector. The catalogue of the sale
is before me, and the lot is thus described :
"Lot 10. A most curious and unique Book, being the
particulars of the Trial and Execution of Charles Smith,
who was hanged at Newcastle for Murder, containing a
piece of his skin tanned into leather for the purpose."
ROBERT S. SALMON.
Newcastle-on-Tyne.
The tanned skin of a man's arm was exhibited
in Preston by a gentleman named Howitt, in a
temporary museum got up for a charitable pur-
pose in the year 1840. It was the colour of a
new saddle, and much resembled the "basil" so
much used in leather work. P. P.
MR. HACKWOOD may find much, if not all, that
he wants on this subject, in an interesting paper
by Mr. Way, in the Archaeological Journal, torn. v.
p. 185. D. ROCK.
At the public library at Bury St. Edmunds is
exhibited a book bound in a tanned piece of the
skin of Corder the murderer. E. G. R.
" The Tune the old Cow died o/" (2 nd S. i. 375.
500. ; ii. 39.) Your correspondents are quite on
a wrong scent on this head. One quotes the old
nursery rhyme, " Willie Wily had a Cow," which
is sung to any tune a nurse pleases ; and another
brings forward the Scotch words, " There was a
Piper had a Cow," &c., which go to the popular air
known as " The Corn Rigs are bonny." The cow
died of no air in particular, still less a popular
one : " the tune the old cow died of" being merely
a proverbial or slang way of expressing "the music
is insufferably bad." P. P.
Guano (2 nd S. i. 374.) The late Col. Thomas
Sutcliffe of Burnley, author of Sixteen Years in
Chili and Peru (published by Fisher, 1841), be-
lieved himself to have introduced guano into
modern English husbandry. He had spoken or
written its praises in terms which appeared so
exaggerated, that the Earl of Derby (then Lord
Stanley) had held up him and his fertiliser to
ridicule at a (I believe) Liverpool Agricultural
Meeting. Sutcliffe writhed under the satire, and,
about the year 1839 or 1840, when agriculturists
were raving about the new manure, and Lord S.
himself recommending it, he attended several of
the Lancashire meetings with the intention of
letting off a speech at his lordship, and inquiring
who was the fool now ? Whether his friends
thought it wiser for him to keep quiet, or whether
the leading men would not tolerate aa angry dis-
cussion, I cannot say ; but somehow he was always
deprived of his opportunity, and consequently
thought himself an ill-used man, who had intro-
duced an improvement, borne the ridicule, and
was not allowed to reap the praise. P. P.
Siege of Lille (2 nd S. ii. 89.) The names of the
officers killed and wounded at this siege are not
given in Cannon's Historical Eecords of the British
Army, and your correspondent had better consult
the London Gazettes of 1708. Lisle was invested
August 13 of that year, and Marshal Boufflers capi-
tulated October 25. Beatson's Military Memoirs
only commence with the year 1727. John Dun-
combe served as ensign in the Coldstream Guards
from April 14, 1702, until his promotion to lieu-
tenant in the 1st Foot Guards in 1703. Richard
Spencer served in the Coldstream Guards from
May 11, 1704, as captain, to July 1712, when he
died. These officers are not designated in Mac-
kinnon's History of the Coldstream Guards as the
sons of Peers. JUVERNA.
Count Boruwlaski (2 nd S. i. 358.) The monu-
ment in memory of Count Boruwlaski, of which
the inscription is correctly printed in the page of
" N. & Q." above referred to, is placed, not in
Durham Cathedral, but in the church of St. Mary
in the South Bailey; near which parish, in an
extra-parochial cottage between the city wall and
the river, the count lived for nearly the last
thirty years of his life with the Misses Ebdon,
daughters of the organist of that name; who,
along with Archdeacon Bowyer and others, had
interested himself in raising by subscription a
sum of money wherewith to purchase an annuity
for the little wanderer, and had afforded him an
asylum in his family. The inscription is not upon
brass, but upon Derbyshire marble ; and is sur-
158
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[ 2 nd g. NO 34., AUG. 23. '56.
rounded by an architectural framework of ele-
gant design by Mr. ^Cory, the architect. The
monument was intended for the cathedral, but an
objection having been made by the Dean and
Chapter to the inscription, written by the Rev.
Thos. Ebdon, minor canon, and nephew of the
organist, it was by my permission placed in its
present situation. Let me correct another mis-
take. The count was buried, not by the side of
Mr. Stephen Kemble, in the Nine Altars, but
near the remains of another of his kind friends,
Mr. John Ley bourne, Deputy- receiver of the
Dean and Chapter, in the west end of the cathe-
dral, near the doorway leading into the northern
tower. His grave is marked by the letters J. B.,
the initials of his name. J. R.
Sir Ferdinando Gorges (2 nd S. ii. 108.) There
is a Query, under the title of " New England
Queries," in the number for Aug. 9. :
" Where are the papers (if extant) of Sir Ferdinando
Gorges, Governor of Plymouth, about 1620? "
Connected as I am by marriage with the family,
and much as I have endeavoured to investigate
its history, I doubt whether any original papers
of Sir Ferdinando are now extant.
But I possess a very curious and rare volume,
entitled
" America painted to the Life, written by Sir Ferdi-
nando Gorges, Knt., Governor of Plimouth, in Devon-
shire, one of the First and Chiefest Promoters of the
Plantations. Publisht since his Decease by his Grandson,
Ferdinando Gorges, Esquire, who hath much enlarged it,
and added several accurate Descriptions of his own. 4to.
London, 1658."
This volume appears to contain a full account
of every transaction relating to the settlement of
the Province of Maine and Massachusetts, as far
as the family of Gorges was concerned.
I have also lately met with an Historical Dis-
course by Mr. George Folsom, read before some
Society in Maine or Massachusetts, which em-
bodies the information contained in these tracts
of the Gorges, and seems to contain everything
which can now be gleaned on the subject.
The MSS. in the British Museum appear to re-
late chiefly to the conduct of Sir Ferdinando in
the affair of the Earl of Essex, which was some
years previous to his great exertions in the colo-
nisation of America. Armas.
"Aneroid" (2 nd S. ii. 98.) MR. PHILLIPS says
that aneroid means moistureless ; Dr. Mayne (in
his Expository Lexicon) calls it " a faulty term
intended to signify airless." I will not ask an
etymological question, viz., what different persons
think the word ought to mean according to the
supposed derivation ; but I will ask the following
simple historical questions relating to a plain
matter of fact.
1. In what work does this "faulty term" first
occur ?
2. Who invented the term ?
3. What is the explanation or derivation of the
;erm given by the inventor ? M. D.
Portraits of Swift (2 nd S. ii. 21. 96.) Thank-
ng C. for his information on this subject, I feel
sorry I cannot supply him with further details of
importance as to the edition of Swift's Works
alluded to by me, being in possession of only one
volume, the main title-page of which is defective,
but from some of the inside title-pages to par-
ticular tracts I find it to be " vol. iv.," and " Printed
in the year MDCCXXXIV." An " Advertisement "
to the volume, amongst other things, commences
by stating :
' The ensuing volume which compleats the Set contains
all such Writings imputed to the Author as relate to Ire-
land ; whereof the principal are called The Drapiers
Letters, and to these we have added two which were
never printed before. They were procured from a Friend
of the Author's in the original Manuscript as we are as-
sured and have good Reason to believe : those who are
better judges will soon determine whether they are genuine
or no."
The edition I cannot say positively to be from
the press of Faulkner, though usually considered
so. The plate bears no name of "Vert," or
' Vertue," nor of any engraver's marks whatever.
It is possible that the work may have been alto-
gether brought out clandestinely. G. N.
Crooked Naves (2 nd S. i. 432. 499., &c.) The
nave of St. Mary's church, at Bungay, is built in
a different line from the chancel ; the divergence
is almost ten degrees, as I judge by the eye. The
chancel is the oldest part, being early Decorated,
or late Early English, whilst the nave is early Per-
pendicular. The pews, however, it is very re-
markable, are of the same age as the chancel, and
have plainly been worked up in the late rebuild-
ing of the nave. The chancel is now in ruins,
only the other part of the church being used for
divine service. B. B. WOODWARD.
Bungay, Suffolk.
Holly, the only indigenous English Evergreen
(2 nd S. i. 399., &c.) In the limestone districts
at the head of Morecombe Bay, about Silverdale,
and in various parts of Furness, both the yew and
juniper grow in profusion. The yew and holly
attain a large size, and as they grow in juxta-
position, amidst rocks never disturbed by the
hand of man, it may naturally be supposed that
the one is as much entitled to be styled " indi-
genous" as the other. Has MR. WHITE ever
visited that part of the kingdom ? G. (1.)
Patrick O' Kelly, the Irish Bard (2 nd S. ii. 107.)
I remember seeing this person when he was
making a tour through the south of Ireland in
2 d S. NO 34., AUG. 23. '56.]
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
159
182930, soliciting subscriptions for a forthcoming
volume of poems. He was one of the most im-
pudent men alive ; and it is recorded that when
King George IV. visited Dublin in 1821, he was
informed that O'Kelly was a remarkable character,
and then in Dublin, on which his Majesty allowed
the poet to be presented to him. O'Kelly, who
was lame, was presented, and the king, anxious
to put him at ease, remarked, " I regret to see
that you are lame." " Yes, your Majesty," said
O'Kelly, " we are all lame ; the three of us."
" What? " asked the king, " three lame persons in
one family ! A sad calamity indeed ! " " Yes,"
replied O'Kelly, " in the great family of the Poets !
O'Kelly, Scott, and Byron, we are all lame."
JlJVERNA.
Premature Interments (2 nd S. ii. 103.) With
reference to the article on premature interments I
may refer those of your readers who take an in-
terest in the subject to an able and most interest-
ing article in the Quarterly Review, vol. Ixxxv.
p. 346., entitled " Fontenelle on the Signs of
Death," the authorship of which has been ascribed
to Dr. Fergusson. For the benefit of those who
have not the volume at hand I may add that the
learned author is an utter disbeliever in " pre-
mature interments." M. A., Oxon.
Oxford and Cambridge Club.
Add to the list of books on this neglected sub-
ject, one called The Disease of Death. I think it
is by a deceased physician of the name of Graham,
of Caius College, Cambridge. The author's pa-
nacea is a bath of warm earth.
C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY.
Birmingham.
Blue and Buff (2 nd SL i. 269.) In Hudibras,
the poet, speaking of his hero, says :
" For he was of that stubborn crew,
Hight Presbyterian true blue."
This will carry the blue higher up than the reign
of George I. The luff, I suspect, dates from the
buff-coat. DELTA.
John Knoxs Prophecy (2 nd * S. i. 270.) Ac-
cording to the Scandalous Chronicle, the grand
monarque was not the son of Louis XIII. : if so,
the prophecy would hold good. DELTA.
Running Footmen (2 nd S. i. passim.} There is a
public-house in Charles Street, Berkeley Square,
much used by the servants of the neighbouring
gentry, which is called by the name, and has a
painting of this functionary for its sign. It repre-
sents a tall, thin, agile man, running at a steady,
effortless pace on a country road. He is dressed
in knee-breeches, confined round the waist by a
silken scarf, white stockings, and black shoes ; a
short jacket, a jockey cap, and a long stick with a
metal ball on the top, complete his costume. Un-
derneath is inscribed, " I am the only running
footman." JOHN MILAND.
Strabo on Ireland (2 nd S. i. 512.) The Editor,
at p. 512. supra, questions the publication of this
book for several reasons, amongst which he gives
the following : " The publisher, I. Stone, is un-
known." Now Mr. Silvester Redmond, of Liver-
pool, who was the writer of the original reference
in the columns of the Wexford Independent, gives
the following proofs of his (Stone's) existence.*
Mr. Redmond is not very complimentary to
" N. & Q." in the remainder of his letter. With
this I have nothing to do ; but it appears to me
that the non-existence of the book in question is
not by any means satisfactorily established. I
trust, therefore, that some of the readers of " N.
& Q." may keep the Query in mind, and commu-
nicate to its readers the existence (if it can be
proved) of a book which, if found, may serve to
throw light on a much vexed question, the Round
Towers of Ireland. JAMES GRAVES, Clerk.
Kilkenny.
Sir Edward Coke (2 nd S. ii. 58.) Amongst
my collection of autographs is one occupying
about half an inch square, on paper of that date,
" Edward
Cook,"
mounted carefully, secundem artem, with this in-
scription :
Autograph of Sir Edward Coke,
Lord Chief Justice of England.
1613."
and this addition in a different handwriting :
" Placed here to shew, what Gulls,
Collectors are considered to be by Dealers ! "
E. D.
Welsh Custom (1 st S. xii. 427.)- The division
of ships into twenty-four carats is recognised in
Sardinia, Naples, Austria, and all the Italian
states. COOPER HILL.
Gloucester.
Arms in Severn Stoke Church (2 nd S. ii. 112.)
These arms are of frequent occurrence in the
cathedral and neighbourhood of Gloucester, upon
encaustic tiles ; but the cross crosslets in them
cannot, I think, have any connection with the
Berkeley coat, the crosses in the latter being
patee. If you have any other authority than that
of Sir Robert Atkyns for your statement, I shall
be glad to be referred to it. COOPER HILL.
Gloucester.
[* We have omitted the list of works containing the
name of I. Stone, as it is clear there was a bookseller of
that name, although unchronicled by Nichols and Tim -
perley. We hope Mr. Redmond will eventually be* able
to dispose of our other reasons for doubting the existence
of this work.]
160
NOTES AND QUERIES.
S. N 34., AUG. 23. '56.
Arnold of Westminster (2 nd S. ii. 110.) Among
the names of churchwardens of St. Margaret's,
Westminster, occur those of
1644-7. Michael Arnold.
1665-8. Michael Arnold.
1675-6. Nehemiah Arnold.
1693. Tanner Arnold.
There are monuments of some of the family in
the church; and the parish registers would no
doubt supply ample information.
William Arnold died Aug. 23, 1734, aged
twenty-five. Arms : gules, a chevron, ermine,
between 3 pheons, or.
Mary, wife of John Arnold, daughter of John
and Mary Harvey, died Sept. 29, 1701, aged
twenty-one. 1. As above. 2. Gules, on a bend
arg., 3 trefoils slipped, vert. : or a canton or, a
leopard's head of the first.
Dr. Samuel Arnold, author of the Maid of the
Mitt, died in Duke Street, Oct. 22, 1802.
MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A.
In the Report of Lord Stafford's trial, I find
Mr. Arnold a member of the House of Commons,
"standing up in his place" to testify to the good
character of Edward Tubberville, one of the Plot
witnesses. He seems, however, to have been a
country gentleman, and an active man against the
Papists. A. B. R.
NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.
Mr. Sims has just published a volume which promises
to be of considerable utility to all who are engaged in in-
vestigations of an antiquarian, historical, or genealogical
nature. Its ample title-page describes its object. It is
entitled A Manual for the Genealogist, Topographer, An-
tiquary, and Legal Professor, consisting of Descriptions of
Public Records, Parochial and other Registers, Wills,
County and Family Histories, Heraldic Collections in Public
Libraries, -c. The work is evidently the result of much
well-directed labour, and is calculated to facilitate very
considerably the researches of all persons who may be
compelled by circumstances, or induced by a love of ge-
nealogical studies, to prosecute inquiries which involve the
examination of the early monuments of our national
history. All such parties, whether engaged in the prose-
cution of personal claims, or amusing themselves by
archaeological speculations, will find in Mr. Sims's newly
published volume a most useful assistant. When noticing
his Handbook to the Library of the British Museum, we
could not help expressing our hope that the trustees,
whose desire it must be to facilitate the use of the Museum
library, would avail themselves of the first opportunity of
marking their approval of Mr. Sims's attempt to promote
so important an object. We are sorry to find that we
may now repeat that expression of our hope. For we
understand notwithstanding that fitness for promotion
which his published works show him to be in possession
of Mr. Sims is still left in the very junior position in that
Institution which he has occupied for so many years.
Mr. Sims deserves better treatment at the hands of those
who are responsible for the administration of the British
Museum.
Ferny Combes; a Ramble after Ferns in the Glens and
Valleys of Devonshire, by Charlotte Chanter, written to
"lead the youthful, and to cheer the weary spirit, by
leading them with a woman's hand to the Ferny Combes
and Dells of Devon." This pleasing little volume de-
serves a place in the travelling bag of every one who wants
to add a new charm to a ramble through the beautiful
county of Devon. How much is the pleasure of a tour
enhanced when some special object is mixed up with it,
and what more pleasing than that of a study, as of Ferns,
which may afterwards be pursued with interest by the
domestic hearth.
BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES
WANTED TO PURCHASE.
SEWEIL'S (W.) HAWKSTONE, A TALE OF AND FOR ENGLAND. 2 Vols.
Fcap. 8vo. (Second-hand.)
*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, carriage free, to be
sent to MESSRS. BELL & DALDY, Publishers of " NOTES AND
QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.
Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct to
the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and ad-
dresses are given for that purpose :
THE CDRLIAD. A Hypercritic upon the Dunciad. London, 1729.
NECK OR NOTHING. A Consolatory Letter from Mr. D nt n to Mr.
C rll, &c. London, 1716.
Wanted by William J. Thorns, Esq., 25. Holywell Street, Millbank,
Westminster.
SHAKSPEARE'S PLAYS. The First Two Volumes of the 8vo. 3 volume
edition. Published by Johnson in 1745.
Wanted by Mr. Crowther, East Dereham, Norfolk.
10
We hope next week to lay before our readers a further and very in-
t, resting paper from the pen of PROFESSOR DE MORGAN on the subject of
The Earl of Halifax and Mrs. Catherine Barton.
G. R. C. is referred to " N. & Q.," 1st S. i. pp. 383. 419. 420. for much
curious learning on the subject o/Moses being represented with Horns.
W. THREI.KAD EDWARDS is thanked for his suggestion, which has been
once adopted, but found not to answer.
J. F. F. is thanked for The Monody. It is very well knoivn, and though
we may be glad to print it hereafter, ice are sure J. F. F. will agree with
us that this is not quite the time for doing so.
VINDEX. The Criminal Statistics are annually printed, and laid be-
fore Parliament. They may be purcli ased of MESSRS. SPOTTISWOODE, at
the Office for Sale of Papers, House of Lords, or of MESSRS. HANSARD,
Abingdon Street, Westminster.
R. T. B., will find the subject of Collars of SS. very fully discussed in
our 1st Series, Vols. ii., iii. iv. v. vi. vii. viii. and x. See General Index.
EIN FRAGKR will find the beautiful song from Shirley's Contention of
Ajax and Ulysses, beginning
" The glories of our blood and state
Are shadows, not substantial things
reprinted in the third volume ofEHis's Specimens of the Early English.
Poets.
P. H. The striking couplet
" The Soul's dark Cottage, battered and decayed,
Lets in new light through chinks that time has made,"
is from Waller's Epilogue to his Poems of Divine Love. See " N. & Q.,"
1st S. iii. 154, 155. for several jiurallel passages.
INDEX TO THE FIRST SERIES. As this is now published, and the im-
pression is a limited one, such of our readers as desire copies would do
well to intimate t/ietr u-ixh to their reaper/ ire booksellers without delay.
Our publishers, MESSRS. BF.I,L & DALDV, !!/ forward copies by post on
recent of a Post Office Order for Five Shillings.
"NOTES AND QUERIES" is published^ at noon on Friday, so that the
Coi'iitry Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and
deliver them to their Subscribers on the Saturday.
" NOTES AND QUERIES " is also issued in Monthly Parts, for the con-
venience of those who may either have a difficulty in procuring the un-
stonnietl wei'kli/ Xu tubers, or prefer receir/n;/ it monthly. White parties
resident in tlie country or abroad, who maybe desirous of receiving the
vet klii .Vumbcrs, may have stamped copies fonvarded direct from the
1'i'liH'sher. The subscription for the stumped edition of "NOTES AND
QUERIES" (including a very copious Index) is eleven shillings and four-
pence for six months, which may be paid by Post Office Order, drawn in
favour of the Publisher, MR. GEORGE BELL,' No. 186. Fleet Street.
2 nd S. N 35., AUG. 30. '56.}
NOTES AND QUERIES,
161
LONDON, SATURDAY, AUGUST 30, 1856.
LORD HALIFAX AND MRS. CATHERINE BARTON.
(1 st S. viii. 429.)
Three years ago I collected all I could find re-
lating to the connexion of Newton's niece with
Lord Halifax. My conclusion and "all my
conclusion " was that " a private marriage, ge-
nerally understood among the friends of the parties,
seems to me to make all the circumstances take an
air of likelihood which no other hypothesis will
give them." Sir David Brewster discussed ray
arguments in his Life of Newton, published in
1855 : and I made such reply as I then judged
necessary in a review of his book which I wrote
for the North British Review (No. 46, August,
1855). Before proceeding to give two additional
presumptions, I add some remarks to this review.
Sir David Brewster neglects the character of my
conclusion as to probability : and argues as if I
affirmed that I had proved a marriage. He
would have done better if he had discussed my
opinion from my own words. / could con-
tend, as well as himself, that all the facts alleged
by me did not prove a marriage. The point on
which I gave the opinion that reasonable evidence
existed was an alternative, namely, that there
was either a marriage or an irregular connexion.
Again, Sir D. Brewster speaks thus (vol. ii.
p. 277.) :
" To infer a marriage, when the parties themselves have
never acknowledged it, when no trace of a record can
be found, and when no friend or relation has ever at-
tempted even to make it the subject of conjecture, is to
violate every principle of sound reasoning ; and we are
disposed to think that Mr. De Morgan's respect for the
lemory of Newton has led him to what he regards as the
aly conclusion which is compatible with the character of
i man so great and pure."
First, I did not infer a marriage, except as the
lore probable of two things, of which I held one
the other sufficiently established. Secondly, I
med towards, not simply a marriage, but a " pri-
vate marriage, generally understood among the
friends of the parties." Insert this, and see how
ir D. Brewster' s sentence then reads. " To infer
[private] marriage [generally understood among
friends of the parties], when the parties them-
slves have never acknowledged it, when no
race of a record can be found, and when no
riend or relation has ever attempted even to
lake it the subject of conjecture, is to violate
jyery principle of sound reasoning." I think it
violates no principle: certainly not every prin-
ciple : for instance, how does it violate the prin-
ciple that a universal negative proposition is
mvertible ? But when Sir D. Brewster repre-
its as speaking simpliciter an opponent who is
speaking secundum quid, he violates one principle
of sound reasoning, and enables that opponent, as
the fencers say, to beat down his guard.
Again, Sir D. Brewster conjectures that my re-
spect for the memory of Newton has led me to the
only conclusion compatible with the character of
a man so great ahd pure. When did I ever
show any respect for the memory of Newton, in
any sense in which respect for the memory of the
dead means something different from respect for
merit in the living ? Respect for memory, in
the sense in which Sir D. Brewster appears to
use the words, generally includes willingness to
cast a veil over faults for the sake of excellences.
Now, of all Englishmen living, I am the one who
has most dwelt upon Newton's faults, and most
strongly insisted that respect for his memory should
not prevent the clearest and fullest exposition of
them. I have always insisted that greatness, in-
tellectual greatness, should be no cover whatever
for delinquency of any kind. And I confidently
appeal to those who have read any of my writings
on the subject of Newton, whether they will not
believe me when I make the assertion following.
I say that if I had on close reflection seen reason to
think Newton had connived at a dishonourable
union between his friend and his niece, I would no
more have been deterred from giving that opinion
to the world by gravitation, fluxions, and optics, or
by the world's worship of the discoverer, than I
would have been deterred from giving evidence
that a man had gone down into a coal-mine by my
knowledge of his having at another time gone up
to the top of St. Paul's.
What I did do was this : I took the purity of
Newton's private life (a fact as well established as
any such fact can be) for presumptive evidence that,
as there is reason to suppose he always countenanced
his niece, the connexion of that niece with Halifax
was honourable. This is altogether independent
of respect: it would equally be my opinion, if I
did not respect purity of life. Those who in their
secret hearts think a man a fool who would not
have connived, if he could have got or kept any-
thing by it, may be more difficult to bring to a
belief of Newton's character ; but, once brought
to that belief, they would, in their own language,
think Newton was that fool. The second clause
of Sir D. Brewster's sentence ought to have run
as follows :
" Mr. De Morgan has distinctly asserted that his
opinion of Newtoirs moral life and sentiments has helped
in drawing him to what he regards as the only con-
clusion compatible with the character of a nlan so pure."
I now proceed to the additional presumptions
above alluded to :
A few days ago, my friend Mr. Libri showed me
a letter, written by Newton, which he had bought
at a sale (H. Belward Kay's sale, Lot 938.). The
handwriting is indisputable. It appears to have
162
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd g. NO 35^ AUG. 30. '5C.
belonged to a collection of Newton papers bought
by the late Mr. RodcLin 1847. The address is
wanting ; but it, is written to some Sir John of
Lincolnshire ; and the catalogue entry conjectures
that it is written to Sir John Newton (of Gunwar-
ley or Gunnerly, styled by Sir D. Brewster of
Haiher), whom Newton acknowledged as a distant
relation. This matter is of little consequence,
and that little merely as follows : a distant relation
is more likely than no relation at all to have been
among the persons privy to the fact of the mar-
riage, if marriage there were. The letter is as
follows (I have put a few words in Italics) :
" Leicester Fields, 23 May, 1715.
" Sr John, I am concerned that I must send an
excuse for not waiting upon you before your journey into
Lincolnshire, The concern I am in for the loss of my
Lord Halifax, and the circumstances in which I stand re-
lated to his family will not suffer me to go abroad till his
funeral is over. And therefore I can only send this
letter to wish you and your Lady and family a good
journey into Lincolnshire,' and all health and happiness
during your stay there. And upon your first return to
London I will wait upon you and endeavour by fre-
quenter visits to make amends for the defect of them at
p'resent. I am, Sir, your most humble * and most obedient
servant, ISAAC NEWTON."
Newton thus distinctly informs us, that circum-
stances in which he stands related to Halifax's
family are such as conspire to prevent him from
paying visits till after the funeral : and that these
circumstances are worthy of being named next to
his concern for his oldest friend and political pa-
tron. Newton's relation to Halifax was of no
common kind. In 1680 they were working to-
gether to establish a Philosophical Society at
Cambridge. In 1688 they were jointly, and with
better success, trying their hands at a great revo-
lution, as members of the Convention. In 1696
they were again associated in the difficult opera-
tion of re-establishing the coinage. They had
been warm friends and official connexions through
the greater part of their working lives, and for
thirty-five years. The loss of Halifax would have
been very sufficient reason, and very notorious
reason, for Newton to assign in explanation of his
inability to pay visits before the funeral. But
there was something more ; something worthy to
be named after the first reason ; and something
sufficiently notorious for Sir John Newton, or
some other Sir John among Newton's visiting
friends, to understand without farther allusion.
Did any circumstances relate Newton to any
other person of the blood of Charles Montague ?
* A letter from Newton to Sir John Newton in the
April following (Edleston, Correspondence, 8fc., p. 307.),
begins " Sir John," and ends " Your affectionate kinsman
and most humble servant." But the variety of the
modes of address from one person to the same other
person at the period in question, and down to the end of
the century, must have been noticed by every one who
has paid attention to correspondence.
The married names of two of the sisters, according
to the biographer, were Willmot and Cosby : of
another, according to Halifax's will, Lawton. The
index of Sir D. Brewster' s book says, as to Mon-
tague, "see Halifax," and does not mention the
other names. Newton was not an executor. He
never received any patronage from any of Mon-
tague's family : they had none to give. Halifax
was himself the patron of his family, and had, not
long before his death, resigned the rich place of
Auditor of the Exchequer in favour of his nephew
George Montague, who succeeded him in the
barony. Other relatives, besides the successor and
sole executor, as named in the will, are Christo-
pher and James Montague, brothers ; Edward
Montague and John Lawton, nephews ; Anne and
Grace Montague, nieces. With all or some of
these Newton was probably acquainted : but I am
not aware of positive evidence even of so much as
this. As to any circumstances relating Newton
to any one of them, or any other of Montague's
blood, there is not the smallest evidence of any
such things. For myself, as may be supposed, I
incline more strongly than before to the suppo-
sition that Halifax's family, in the sense in which
the word is here used, consisted of a widow,
known as Catherine Barton, and Newton's niece.
I see in the phrase "circumstances in which I
stand related to his family," the cautious mode of
writing which I suppose to have become familiar
when allusion was made to the understood but
unacknowledged marriage.
I now state another of the many little circum-
stances which all seem to converge to one point.
The periods are roughly stated. Newton lived in
London thirty years ; his niece must have finished
her education not long after he came to London
(1696). That she lived with him on leaving school
seems pretty certain. In 1700 Newton wrote a
letter (Brewster, ii. 213.) to her, then in the
country for recovery from the small-pox, which
has very much the air of a letter written to an
inmate of his own house during casual removal.
Sir D. Brewster puts it that she was (Do.,
ii. 279.) boarded in Oxfordshire, where she had
the small-pox, and that she had not then ever
been an inmate of Newton's house : but the com-
mencement of the letter, in which Newton is
glad the air agrees with her, makes it appear
that she was removed there after the disorder : he
is glad that " the remains of the small-pox are
dropping off apace." And a little London cir-
cumstance is mentioned : " Sir Joseph Tilley is
leaving Mr. Toll's house, and it's probable I may
succeed him." Would the niece of twenty,
boarded till then in the country, be assumed by
Newton (hypotheses non Jingo} to be up to the
fact that Sir Joseph Tilley lived in Mr. Toll's
house ; or would Newton have previously laid
the foundation of this knowledge, apropos of no-
2d s. NO 35., AUG. 30. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
163
thing ? The letter is a plain proof that she had
left his house, her usual home, for country air
after the small -pox ; and I take it that she lived
with him from the time of her leaving school.
Now Conduitt informs us that his wife lived with
her uncle nearly twenty years, before and after
her marriage ; and, when * in town, the Conduitts
lived with ft ewton up to his death. Now twenty
from thirty leaves ten : there are, roughly, ten f
years of Catherine Barton's life to be accounted
for. From 1706 to 1715 we have about ten years.
In 1706, as Sir David Brewster found from the
Newton papers, the annuity trust was created by
which Halifax held 200/. a-year in trust for Miss
Barton : in 1706 also he made his first codicil in
her favour. He died in 1715. The rough period,
then, of which we must demand explanation, is of
that length which intervenes between an annuity
settled (by Halifax, I believe) and a bequest first
made, at the one end, and the death of Halifax at
the other. For Sir D. Brewster's very curious
reason to show that the annuity was bought by
Newton, a reason which puts little Kate, at six
years old, in possession of the key of Newton's
cupboard at Trinity College, where we can only
hope she did not eat too much sugar, - see the
article in the North British Review, cited above.
Add to this explanation of the ten years the
facts that Halifax's first codicil spoke of love
and affection, but that the codicil of 1712 spoke
of the sincere love he had long had for her person,
and the pleasure and happiness he had had in her
conversation. Remember also the statement pub-
licly made in the Life of Halifax, written by a
strong partisan, that Catherine Barton had been
to Halifax the " superintendent of his domestic
affairs," for which, though a " woman of strict
honour and virtue," she had had passed upon her
a "judgment which she no ways merited:" a
statement never contradicted, though made public
at the time when the death of Halifax must have
turned all men's eyes upon the facts of his life.
* Conduitt was, from and after his marriage, an officer
of the Mint, as well as a member of Parliament. His
usual residence must have been in London. That he had
a country house, and sometimes occupied it, serves Sir D.
Brewster (ii. 279.) with a pretext for cutting off some of
the twenty years from the end of Newton's life. He pre-
sumes that Mrs. Conduitt lived six years of her uncle's
life with her husband, her uncle not living with them.
It is not likely that she and her husband left their uncle
in his extreme old age, and there is no evidence of it.
f In my former paper I supposed it possible the con -
nexion might have begun in 1700. With Couduitt's
twenty years before me, I ought not to have done this.
I was also not aware that Halifax's first wife, the Coun-
tess Dowager of Manchester, only died in 1698. This
lady was the daughter of Sir Christopher Yelverton, Bart.
Her first husband, to whom she bore nine children, died
in 1682 : she was married to Charles Montague (who was
probably ten years younger than herself) a short time
before the Revolution.
Read these circumstances, and the others brought
forward in my former paper, by the light of New-
ton's statement that circumstances relating him to
Halifax's family were, over and above his per-
sonal concern, reasons for keeping the house till
the funeral - and more than the strong suspicion
of an unacknowledged marriage must, I think,
result. I say unacknowledged, as distinct from
private : known to the circle in which the parties
lived, but not proclaimed to the world.
One thing however is clear. If Catherine Bar-
ton did live with Lord Halifax, it must be to her
that Newton's allusion is made. And if to her,
then to her as a wife, not as a mistress. It is
utterly incredible, even on the supposition of a
connivance at her dishonour, that Newton should
have gravely propounded his relationship to his
friend's mistress as a reason for secluding himself
till after the funeral. It might in such a case have
been one of the reasons for his course of conduct,
but it never would have been an assigned second
reason, while he had so good and so sufficient a
first reason to allege. The alternative, then, to
which other circumstances reduced the question,
is destroyed. If Newton's niece lived with Lord
Halifax, it was as his wife.
Sir D. Brewster's work is one which merits the
gratitude of all who take interest in Newton.
And sincere thanks are due to Lord Portsmouth
for having intrusted the papers to the biographer.
But I, for one, cannot help hoping that yet further
examination of them will be permitted.
A. DE MORGAN.
August 15, 1856.
JUNIUS.
Remark on Junius. The following remark on
Junius is cited by a correspondent in " N. & Q."
(2 nd S. i. 288.), and is attributed apparently to
Archbishop Whately :
" There are many leading articles in the newspapers
and other periodicals of this day, as spirited and as viru-
lent as Junius, and the authorship of which few know or
care to inquire about. And if the authorship of Junius
had been known at the time, or shortly after, the whole
matter would probably have been totally lost sight of for
more than half a century past. But men love guessing at
a riddle. It is not the value of a fox, but the difficulty of
the chase, that makes men eager fox-hunters."
This explanation of the curiosity about the
author of the Letters of Junius seems to me far
from satisfactory. It is indeed certain that if the
authorship of these letters had been known at or
near the time of their publication, no efforts for
its discovery would have been requisite. But can
it be said that the curiosity existed simply be-
cause the authorship was unknown ? Where are
we to find the leading articles in newspapers and
other periodicals of the day ' e as spirited and as
164
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2** S. N 35., Aye. 30. '56.
virulent as Junius ? " The newspapers of that
day contained no articles such as are now called
leading articles. Thfey published news, and oc-
casionally inserted letters from correspondents,
commenting on public events. But original com-
positions, similar to the Letters of Junius^ were
not regularly published by the newspapers till
about the beginning of this century. Moreover,
if these articles had appeared at the time, they
would have been anonymous ; and if they had
been written with the same force and pungency as
the Letters of Junius, there would doubtless have
been an equal curiosity to know their authors.
The merits of the Letters of Junius are not of a
high order, but they are precisely of that nature
which rendered them effective as engines of party
and personal attack. Partly from their style,
partly from their boldness, and partly front the
secret information which their author possessed,
they produced a powerful influence at the time.
They have ever since formed the model for the
writers of our daily press, and the secret of their
authorship has always continued to be an interest-
ing question, not simply because it is a secret, but
because it is a secret which, in the judgment of
the public, is worth knowing. L.
Francis, Junius. My attention was drawn to
the following passage in reading Rogers's Table
Talk. It may perhaps be worth preserving among
your notes on this subject :
" My own impression is that the Letters of Junius were
written by Sir Philip Francis. In a speech which I once
heard him deliver at the Mansion House, concerning the
partition of Poland, I had a striking proof that Francis
possessed no ordinary powers of eloquence." P. 272.
Query, Could any of your correspondents inform
me when this speech was delivered, and where, if
at all, I can find it reported ? AN OLD PAULINE.
Was Daniel Wray Junius 9 It is now gene-
rally understood that the claims of Sir Philip
Francis as the writer of the Letters of Junius
have been disproved. I therefore desire to draw
your attention to an ingenious work by a Mr.
Falconer, called The Secret Revealed, published
in 1830, at a time when no one would listen to
him, because we were then all Franciscans.
Who Mr. Falconer was I know not ; nor shall
I trouble you with his speculations generally.
His argument is to prove that Daniel Wray was
Junius ; and he adduces one or two facts which
are startling. What I want is, that some of your
ingenious correspondents would show how the
" marvellous coincidences," as he calls them, can
be explained without admitting the " unity of au-
thorship ? "
It is stated in the " Preliminary Essay " to the
edition of 1812, that the fifty-ninth letter is the
one with which Junius had originally intended to
conclude ; but that, as Junius himself says, Gar-
rick's communication to the King, " has literally
forced me to break my resolution of writing no
more." (Vol. i. p. 238.) Qn this Mr. Falconer
observes :
Ou the 18th Nov. 1771, Wray thus writes to Lord
Hardwicke : ' Had I persevered in that apparently wise
resolution to write no more,' &c. This in itself amounts to
little, but I request attention to what follows.
" The communication made by Garrick to the King,
announcing that Junius would write no more, carries with
it still stronger evidence of Wray's being the architype of
Junius. So strong, in,deed, as to exclude all doubt, it is
presumed, of the fact : for Wray not only gives the same
intimation to his correspondent, Lord Hardwicke, but
actually assigns the very cause, and prefixes the precise
day on which Junius designed to conclude his corre-
spondence in that character, had he not been forced by
Garrick, as he expresses himself, to break his resolution
of writing no more.
" The fifty-ninth letter of Junius, on what the author
calls the unhappy differences which had arisen among the
Friends of the People, is the one with which he had ori-
ginally intended to conclude. . . That letter is dated
October 5, 1771. Six days previously [Sept. 29, 1771]
(mark that!), Wray writes to Lord Hardwicke as
follows :
Nash will carry his election, &c. &c.
satisfy the good people of England
for a month, accompanied by the finishing dose of Junius
on Saturday.' In perfect accordance with this decided
intimation, the intended finishing dose did appear. The
5th of Oct., 1771, was on a Saturday."
I agree with Mr. Falconer that the coincidence
is startling, and I ask, how can it be explained ?
AN ENQUIRER.
ILLUSTRATIONS OF MACAULAT.
" The Plotting Levite?' '
With a handful of Sorrow and Grief I ana drawn
To tell you the truth of the Parsons at Land,
And a new swearing brood not in Buff but in
Lawn,
The humble Devotants to Lewis le Grand ;
Conscience, Conscience, nothing but Con-
science
Nothing but Conscjence made them forbear,
Nothing but Conscience, nothing but Con-
science
Nothing but Conscience made them forswear.
A Council of Six, all pious and good,
Jure divino every one,
For Popery, Plotting, Sedition and Blood ;
And praying devoutly as right as a gun ;
Conscience, Conscience, nothing but Con-
science,
Nothing but Conscience made them to plot,
Nothing but Conscience, nothing but Con."
science :
Honour and Loyalty they had forgot.
35., AUG. 30. '56.]
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
165
Like the Prophets of old, so they do anoint,
Their sanctified Fingers are laid to the Work,
With Jure Divino in every joynt,
'Tis all one to them be he Christian or Turk ;
Reason, Reason, nothing but Reason,
Nothing but Reason they would be at,
Nothing but Reason, nothing but Reason,
Non-swearing Parsons would bubble the State.
To bring in the French whom now they adore,
Most piously they combin'd in a Plot
To murder the King that sav'd them before,
A Villany sure that will ne're be forgot ;
Treason, Treason, nothing but Treason,
Nothing but Treason up to the ears,
Nothing but Treason, nothing but Treason,
Passive Obedience in Colours appears.
A few years ago it can't be forgot,
Be certain Tie tell you no more than is true,
'Twas a damnable sin to be found in a Plot,
As then was observed by some of their Crew:
Ely, Ely, Reverend Ely,
Reverend Ely left us i' th' lurch,
Reverend Ely and his grave Elders
Want French Dragoons to settle the Church.
Our grave Elder Brother, the worst of the Four,
Lies close in his Den like a Boar in tfye Stye,
The Blood of all Ireland lies at his Door,
And from the Almighty for judgment doth cry :
Ely, Ely, William and Ely,
William and Ely, Franck and Tom,
William and Ely, William and Ely,
William and Ely, Francis and John.
The Cut-throat Petitioners acted their part*
And gravely kept time with the Plot and $he CreAV,
They wanted a Mayor wjth a Jacobite heart
To Murther the King when they found it wou!4
do;
Docjson, Dodson, Dingo and Dodson,
Dingo and Dodson, Coward and Fool,
Dingo and Dodson, Dingo and Dodson,
To bring up the Rear, will serve for a Tool.
No. 1155. of the Collection of Proclamations,
&c., presented to the Chetham Library, Man-
chester, by James O. Halliwell, Esq., F.R.S.
BIBLIQTHECAR. CHETHAM.
CURIOUS ACCIDENTAL CIRCUMSTANCE.
The following anecdote may be considered
worthy of being preserved in the pages of ** N. &
Q." It was told me by an old gentleman many
years since deceased, and occurred about eighty
years ago. I am sorry for not having preserved
the particulars more minutely, but the matter of
fact may be depended on.
The farm lease of a tenant in the parish of
Cathcart (near Glasgow) was about expiring.
By this he was thrown into difficulties as to work-
ing his ground for the crops of the subsequent
year, and also from his landlord being absent in
London without any one knowing his address.
The farmer, however, nothing daunted, took his
staff in his hand, and in three weeks accomplished
the distance entirely by a pedestrian journey. He
arrived in the Metropolis on a Sunday morning,
and was so struck with the magnitude of the city,
and the seeming utter impossibility of discovering
his landlord, that he gave himself up to a sort of
despair. In this perplexity, finding himself near
a church, he entered it during divine service,
when, to his astonishment and joy, whom should
he descry but his landlord in a pew of the front
gallery. An appointment having been made for
next day, the lease was talked over and renewed,
the farmer immediately left the city, and in another
three weeks was at his own ingle.
The probability is, that on his travels, like the
cattle drovers, he carried along with him as his
chief subsistence his bag of oatmeal, which, mixed
with cold water, composed the well-known mess
of crowdie. In the course of his journey home
he halted in a provincial town at the ordinary of
a quakeress, who set before him for dinner a large
roast of lamb, which soon wholly disappeared. On
inquiring for his bill the landlady in amazement
addressed him as follows : " Friend, thou hast
surely not seen meat since thou hast been in Scot-
land ; that piece of lamb cost me twenty-pence,
but it is the rule of my house not to charge more
than eight-pence for thy dinner;" and I have no
doubt the canny Scot saw the propriety of not ex-
ceeding the usual fare. G. N.
THE NINE CHURCHES OF CHILCOMBE, NEAR
WINCHESTER.
Amongst the means which have been resorted
to by some local historians for the purpose of en-
hancing the glory of the former metropolis of
England, in the times before the Reformation,
none have met with so easy an acceptance as that
of multiplying the number of churches which then
beautified Winchester and its neighbourhood.
Dr. Milner, in the Appendix to his History of
Winchester, No. VI., after reckoning up ninety-
two churches and chapels, all of which he places
in the city and immediate suburbs, says in a note,
that he believes "the number of churches and
chapels was much greater than those here enu-
merated, especially before the destructive civil
war in King Stephen's reign ! " The city, it must
be remembered, is about half a mile in length, and
somewhat more than three furlongs in breadth ;
whilst the suburbs the Soke and the Liberties
r cannot have extended above a quarter of a mile
beyond each gate ; and, consequently, the largest
166
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2 nd S. NO 35., AUG. 30. '56.
area that can be assigned for this incredible
number of religious edifices, with all their appur-
tenances, is one poor square mile !
Perhaps we may gain a clue to the facts of the
case by the following Note. Adjacent to Win-
chester, on the south-east, lies the parish of HJhil-
combe, anciently Ciltecumbe, occupying a sort of
bay or basin between the downs, ending in St.
Giles's and St. Catherine's Hills. Of this parish,
Sir Henry Ellis, in his General Introduction to
Domesday, vol. i. p. 190. n. 2 ., remarks : " It is sin-
gular that it should be entered in the Survey as
having nine churches " (torn. i. fol. 41.) ; and adds,
" there is no accounting for this, without adverting
to the probability that it must have formerly in-
cluded a part of the suburb of Winchester."
These nine churches make a great figure in all the
local histories ; though others besides Sir Henry
Ellis have been puzzled to account not only for
the disappearance of eight of them without leaving
" a wrack behind," but still more for the existence
of so many in a place where, even in modern
times, the one little Norman church amply suf-
fices for the entire population of the parish.
Turning to Domesday we read that the parish
was estimated at one hide and sixty- eight caru-
cates ; that in the domain were twelve carucates
and thirty villeins, and a hundred and fifteen
bordarii, with fifty-seven carucates. Then, it
proceeds, are nine " aecclae," and twenty serfs, and
four mills, &c. Now the insertion of churches
between borderers and serfs is highly improbable ;
but, instead of ecclesia, read, as Mr. C. Hook (a
gentleman well known to all investigators in the
reading-room of the British Museum) suggests to
me, ancilla ; and not only are all the difficulties
cleared away, but you obtain a truer picture of
the condition of the parish, which does, to this
day, as Sir Henry observes, " include a part of
the suburb of Winchester."
How much light this correction might throw
upon some parts of the Survey, we need not say :
but we should not employ it until its value has
been canvassed, and the MSS. examined, so that
we may proceed upon sure grounds to substitute
female serfs for churches in those other passages in
Domesday. B. B. WOODWARD.
Bungay, Suffolk.
HAYDON S NOTES ON WATERLOO, ETC.
1 beg leave to send you the enclosed notes, written by
poor Ilaydon, the painter, in the margin of the volume of
Scott's Prose Works containing "Paul's Letters to his
Kinsfolk." He came to this town on a lecturing mission,
at the close of the year 1839, directly after his visit to
VValmer Castle ; Avhere his enthusiastic feelings had been
excited to the highest degree by a tolerably free inter-
course with the Duke of Wellington.
By means of the friend with whom he was staving, he
procured the volume from the library, and he" left his
mark upon it in the form of these characteristic notes
The edition is that in 12mo. of 1834.
ROBERT HARRISON.
Leeds Library.
To the note at p. 115., about Guardsman Shaw, Hay-
don adds :
" I gave Sir Walter this : Wilkie and I had up
in my painting several Life-guards who were in
the battle ; one Hodgins heard some one groaning
in the yard of La Haye Sainte, where the wounded
had been removed. He turned, and found Shaw.
Shaw said, * I am dying ; ' the other swooned away ;
but the pulling him into a spring cart, to take him
to Brussels, at day-break, roused him. He turned
to look for Shaw, who was dead, with his cheek
lying on his hand. Shaw was a model of mine,
and as strong as Hercules. I had 5 models in
the battle : 3 were killed, all distinguished them-
selves. I told the Duke this at Walnier, 1839 ;
and he was much interested.
" B. K. HAYDON.
"Dec. 9, 1839, Leeds."
To the Duke's remark at p. 125., " Never mind, we'll
win this battle yet," Haydon annexes the following ob-
servation :
" This was the Austrian General Vincent, Mr.
Arbuthnot told me. He said to the Duke, in the
thick of the fight, 'You have got an infamous
army.' ' I know it,' said the Duke, ' but we'll win
the battle yet.' In his Dispatches he calls it 'the
most infamous army I have ever commanded.'
See Dispatches. H."
The statement concerning the death of Lieut.-Col.
Canning elicits the following, p. 126. :
" Lord Fitzroy told me the orderly who carried
the Duke's desk was killed. Canning picked it
up, and said, ' What shall I do with it ? ' ' Keep
it,' said Lord Fitzroy, ' for the Duke.' Shortly
after, he was killed. The desk was found, rifled,
the next day."
" The friend of ours," who, at p. 128., is said to have
had the courage to ask the Duke of Wellington whether
he looked often to the woods from which the Prussians
were expected to issue
"Was," says Haydon, "Sir Walter himself,
when at Paris. He told me so at his own table :
and," he continues, " I dined at Lord Palmer-
ston's 1833. On my right was Lord Hill. As he
lived at Westbourne Green, and I in Edgeware
Road, he set me down. While with him, as Sir
Walter had told me what he asked the Duke, I
determined not to let the moment slip, and said
to Lord Hill : ' Was there any part of the day
you despaired at Waterloo, my Lord ?' ' Never?
said Lord Hill, ' there was no panic ; we were a
little in advance, and I had never had for a
moment a doubt of the result.
" Thus, here is the opinion of the first and
second in command. Commanders of Divisions 9
S. N 35., AUG. 30. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
167
Colonels and Captains, are never to be listened to.
They can't see 3 feet before them : enveloped in
smoke, blood, and wounded, they think it's all
going to ruin, without seeing an inch of the field.
" I ask pardon for taking these liberties with a
book of a public library ; but having been inti-
mate wjth Sir Walter, and known the Duke and
Lord Hill, and having met them, heard them
speak of the battle, it is a duty to add authentic
facts for the sake of the Ladies and Gentlemen of
Leeds. We are passing away (this generation) ;
in a few years, the Duke and Lord Hill, and all
will be gone. Sir Walter has left us, and then
these little written additions, by one who lived at
the time, may not be without interest. I apolo-
gise for the liberty, but must be forgiven.
"B. R. HAYDON."
" The Duke heading the final attack with his hat in his
hand" is corrected at p. 139. :
" The Duke never took off his hat ; and in ad-
vance, the Duke was in the rear.
" From Col. Gurwood, in a letter whilst
at Leeds, Dec. 12th, 1839.
"B. R. H."
General Cambrone's refusal of quarter with the words,
" The Imperial Guard can die, but never surrender," is
thus annotated, p. 144. :
" I heard the Duke say, at the very time the
French made Cambrone utter this fine bit of
poetry, he was a prisoner at my quarters. The
Duke said, 'I didn't let him sup with me he
broke his honour to Louis and I bowed him and
his companion into another room.'' At Walmer,
Oct. 8th, 1839.
"B. R. H."
Alpaca. I enclose a cutting from the Hamp-
shire Telegraph of September 29, 1855. Should
this account of the introduction of alpaca wool
into England be correct, it is very possible that
at some future time all trace willbe lost of the
facts : I therefore think that a corner in one of
your columns cannot be thrown away in register-
ing the manner of the first importation of this
material into this country, and the name of the
manufacturer who discovered how to apply it :
" It is said that the first two cargoes of alpaca that
reached Liverpool were brought over as ballast, and lay
for some time unnoticed in the cellars of the broker to
whom they were consigned, and who considered them
worthless. A manufacturer named Titus Salt discovered
them there, and took away a sample to experiment upon.
Shortly he returned, and, to the astonishment of the
broker, bought up all that he had, at Sd. per pound.
Now see the result, in an import considerably above
2,000,000 Ibs. annually, in an advance of from 10<. to
2*. 6d. per pound, and in a branch of manufactures pro-
ducing an immense variety of goods, new to the markets
of the world, employing profitably the labour of thou-
sands, and not only sustaining some of our largest fac-
tories, but actually creating new towns."
HAUGHMOND.
Southampton.
[Mr. William Walton gives a somewhat different ac-
count of the introduction of the alpaca into England.
He says, " The first person in this country who intro-
duced a marketable fabric made from this material was
Mr. Benjamin Outram, a scientific manufacturer of Greet-
land, near Halifax, who about 1829 sold it at a very high
price, in the form of ladies' carriage-shawls and cloak-
ings, as curiosities. No quantity of the wool existing in
England, he was obliged to procure a small supply from
Peru, and gradually the articles manufactured with it
came into notice. In 1832, Messrs. Hegan, Hall, & Co.,
spirited merchants in Liverpool, convinced from their
superiority that these new manufactures would ere long
come into fashion, directed their agents in Peru to pur-
chase and ship over to them all the parcels of alpaca wool
they could meet with, and thus was laid the foundation
of that valuable and growing trade in this article which
has since risen up The greatest share of the spin-
ning and weaving of this article falls to Bradford, where
great credit is due to Mr. Titus Salt, through whose in-
telligence and perseverance the spinning of alpaca wool
has been brought to perfection." The Alpaca, by W.
Walton, 1844, p. 65.]
A Drawing of the Lord Mayor's Show in 1453.
Mr. Fairholt, in his Lord Mayors' Pageants,
printed for the Percy Society, 1843 (parti, p. 8.),
speaking of " Sir John Norman, the first Lord
Mayor that was rowed in his barge to Westmin-
ster, with silver oars at his owne cost and
charges," has this note :
" Gough, in his British Topography, vol. i. p. 675., says,
< there is a drawing of his show on the river in the Pe-
pysian Library.' "
A drawing of the Lord Mayor's Show in 1453
would certainly be a great curiosity, but I am in-
clined to think that no such representation exists.
Mr. Fairholt has misquoted Gough, whose words
are, " there is a drawing of the show," not his
show ; and do not refer to any show in particular.
Gough's note is loosely written, but this is evi-
dently his meaning. EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
Anecdote of Prior. The following passage is
copied from An Historical Guide to the Town of
Wimborne Minster, DorsetsJiire, second edition,
1853, p. 30. :
" There is a fine copy of Sir Walter Raleigh's History
of the World in this old library, and local tradition at-
taches an interesting anecdote to this book. It is said
the poet Prior used to read here often ; and once when
poring over the book in question on a winter evening, he
fell asleep, and the candle, falling from the tin sconce of
the desk upon the middle of the open book, burned slowly
a round hole through it, may be a hundred pages, rather
more than less. The smoke of the smouldering paper
aroused the weary student. A hand would have been
sufficient to cover the damage and put out the fire ; and
probably in this way it was extinguished. We may
imagine, however, the dismay at the mischief done to a
book costly even now, but then of a much higher mone-
tary value. The pains taken to remedy the defects marks
168
NOTES AND QUERIES.
s. N 35., AUG. 30. '56.
the value in which the book was held. Pieces of writing
paper, about the size of half-a-crown, are very neatly
pasted into the holes, an>d'the words needed to supply the
sense are transcribed from the memory, and it is said, in
the handwriting of Prior."
This is an interesting anecdote of the poet, if
true ; but the evidence is not greatly in its favour.
The bibliographical readers of "K & Q." will
smile at the writer's idea of the market value of a
copy of Kaleigh's History of the World !
EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
Plagiarism ly Sir Walter Scott. In S. C.
Hall's Book of British Ballads, Second Series,
p. 416., we are told that " Sir Walter Scott added
to the ballad of * Auld Robin Gray ' the following
verse, in which it will be perceived that he has
borrowed an idea from the 'Continuation'" (of
the ballad) :
" Nae langer she wept, her tears were a' spent,
Despair it was come, and she thought it content ;
She thought it content, but her cheek it grew pale,
And she droop'd like a lily broke down by the hail."
The lines in the " Continuation " are,
"Though ne'er a word he said, his cheek said mair
than a',
It wasted like a brae o'er which the torrents fa'."
The thought and words plagiarised by Sir
Walter Scott are from Tickell's poem of Colin
and Lucy, the third stanza, and run thus :
" Oh ! have you seen a lily pale,
When beating rains descend?
So droop'd the slow-consuming maid,
Her life now near its end."
Your readers are doubtless familiar with the
exquisite paraphrase of these lines by Vincent
Bourne :
" Vidistin' (quin saepe vides!) ut languida marcent
Lilia, qu0e subitse prsegravat imber aquae?
Lento sic periit tabo, sic palluit ilia,
Ad finem extreme jam properante die."
JUVERNA, M.A.
Women's Entrances in Churches. In Brewer's
Oxfordshire (p. 443.), the following occurs :
" The principal entrance of the church [Stanton Har-
court] is by a round-headed arch, on one side of which
is a small stone receptacle for holy water. At a small
distance is another door, used by the women only, as,
from a custom of immemorial standing, they never pass
through the same entrance with the men."
The separation of the sexes in church is not
uncommon ; but do any other examples of sepa-
rate entrances for each sex exist ?
R. W. HACKWOOD.
Library at St. Mary's, Marlborough. The
following is extracted from a terrier of the lands
and profits of the above vicarage, taken in the
year 1698:
" Item. The Library of Mr. White, late Hector of Pusey,
in the county of Berks, given to Cornelius Yeate and his
successors, Vicars of St. Marie's in Marlborough, which
Books are now in the possession of the said Mr. Yeat<T
till a more convenient place can be assigned for them,
and the Catalogues of the Books is in the Chest of the
Mayor and Magistrates."
^ This library is still preserved in excellent con-
dition, and is lodged in the vicarage house. Mr.
Yeate was instituted to the benefice in 1677, and
resigned it in 1707, when he bad been for some
time archdeacon of Wilts. PATONCE.
Forensic Wit. Some years ago an action wafr
brought, at Cardiff Assizes, by a rich plaintiff
against a poor defendant, who was unable to pay
a counsel, when Abraham Moore, Esq., of Exeter,
a barrister, volunteered to defend him, and Jekyll
wrote this :
" Dives and Lazarus.
" Dives, the Cardiff Bar retains,
And counts their learned noses,
Whilst the defendant Lazarus
On Abraham's breast reposes ! "
In a cause tried at Exeter Assizes, some years
ago, Serjeant Pell kept cross- questioning an old
woman, trying to elicit from her that a tender had
been made for some premises in dispute ; when
Jekyll threw a scrap of paper across the table,
directed to him, containing tlrese lines :
" Cease, Brother Pell, that tough old jade
Will never prove a tender maid."
W. COLLTNS, M.R.C.S,
Chudleigh.
GENEALOGICAL QUERIES.
Family of Herbert. A branch of the Herbert
family (bearing for their coat per pale az. and gu.
3 lions ramp, with a mullet for difference, ar. and
crest a wivern with wings displayed vert, holding
in its mouth a sinister hand couped at the wrist, gu.,
on the neck a collar and chain, or) was settled in
Warwickshire in the sixteenth century, at Stretton-
on-Dunsmore, Astley, Princethorpe, and Chilvers-
coton. The earliest will in the diocesan registry is
that of Thomas Herbert of Chilverscoton, dated
1574, at which date his son, John Heroert, pur-
chased an estate at Stretton, now possessed by his
descendants. He died in 1603, setat. eighty, and
was buried at Stretton (vid. Dugdale), leaving by
Agnes ? his wife, Thomas Herbert, who succeeded
him, and died in 1642, leaving by his wife -?
a first son, Thomas Herbert*, who married Ca-
therine Jerinens, daughter of James Jentieris, and
a second son, Captain William Herbert, who dying
s. p. v. in 1694, by his will endowed the vicarage
of Stretton, which was thereupon severed from
* Whose brother, Richard Jentiens, w& Sigh. Sheriff
of Berks ? His descendants, if any ?
2d S. NO 35., AUG. 30. '56. ]
NOTES AND QUEEIES.
169
Wolston, and constituted a separate parish by Act
of Parliament. The granddaughter of the last-
named Thomas Herbert, the heiress of this family,
married, in 1726, William Noyes, Esq., one of the
Six Clerks in Chancery. It being premised that
the inquirer has searched carefully both Fines and
Subsidy Rolls, the Query is, can it be ascertained
(from any source accessible to any contributor to
" N. & Q.") at what period this branch of the
great Herbert family derived from the parent
stock in Monmouthshire, Salop, or Wilts? (for
they also possessed an estate at Long Wittenham,
in Berks and Wilts). Who were the wives of the
first-named Thomas, John, and Thomas Herbert,
and how were they related to the Chamberlaynes,
lords of the manors of Chilverscoton and Prince-
thorpe, to whom, as his cousins and executors,
Captain William Herbert left the advowsoii of the
church of Stretton ?
Family of Noyes of Erchfont, Co. Wilts, and
Andover, Co. Hants. Coat : Azure, 3 cross
crosslets in bend. arg. Crest : on a cap of maint.
a dove ppr. holding in the beak an olive branch,
vert. The family tradition runs that this name was
originally Noye, of Norman origin, and it bears
the same arms as those of Noye in the Visitation
of Cornwall. In the 14 & 15 Hen. VIII., Wil-
liam Noyes of Erchfont was assessed for the sub-
sidy at 80/., and paid 41. yearly. In 1540 he be-
came possessed of the prebend of Erchfont with
its dependencies, and died in 1557, leaving by his
will, proved at Doctors' Commons in that year,
considerable property among a numerous family^
of wtiom John was M. P. for Calne, A.D. 1600,
and Robert, the eldest, who succeeded to the pre-
bend, having purchased in 1574 for his eldest
son, another Robert Noyes, the manor and estate
of King's Hatherdene, in Weyhill, near Andover.
His cousin "and executor, Peter Noyes, also of
Weyhill and Andover, is the first of the family
who is recorded in the Visitation of Berks, in
which county his descendants possessed for many
generations the estate of Trunkwell in the parish
of Shinfield, acquired by a marriage with Agnes,
daughter and heiress of John Noyes of that place,
who ob. 1607.
Query, 1. If this name was originally Noye,
and of Norman origin, whence is it derived, and
at what period did the family come over to Eng-
land?
2. Is there any trac6 of it in Court Rolls or
other sources previous to 1524, the period of the
first Subsidy Roll after the reign of Edward III.
which gives the names of contributors ?
3. It appears from letters and papers of John
Noyes, M. P. for Calne, that he was a cousin of
the Ducketts, an ancient Wilts family, now
baronets, one of whom succeeded him in the re-
presentation of Calne, and who, according to the
obituary of the last baronet recently in the Illus-
trated London News, are said to possess very an-
cient family muniments. Query, What was the
relationship, and are any of the matches of the
Noyes of Erchfont traceable ?
4. The manor of Blacksvvell in Chute and
Chepenbury, &c., and very extensive estates in
that neighbourhood, were purchased by a William
Noyes in 1614, and it appears by the inquisitio
post mortem of Joan, his widow, in 1631, that she
died at Weyhill, leaving a son and heir, William,
and that Peter Noyes delivered the inquisition into
court.
Query, What relation was this William Noyes
and Joan his wife to Peter and Robert of Weyhill ,
and Erchfont ?
5. Peter Noyes of Andover, the first-mentioned
in the Visitation, who. was living in 1646, as ap-
pears by the records of a chancery suit then in
progress with the widow of his eldest son, had a
second son, Richard, not named in the Visitation,
but who wds married and had issue (wanted to
trace his descendants, if any) : he had also a
daughter, Joyce, married to the Rev. Robert
Wilde, D.D., who was living in 1668. Query,
Was this the great Presbyterian poet of the same
name and period ? or if not, what is known of
him and his descendants ? MEMOE.
MISSING RECORDS : THE DISTRIBUTION BOOKS OF
IRELAND.
" No. 26. Lord Mountgarret, Tr. Pap., Part of Rameen
duffe, 26 acres, granted to L d Mountgarret after reprise.
Certificate dated Nov. 16, 1666.
" No. 23. Cath. Archer alias Grace. Ir. Pap., Boot-
stoun under Down Survey, profitable 236 acres, of which
122 a IP were granted by certificate to Sir Francis Gore>
May 11, 1666. Remainder 113 a 3? granted by certificate
to Richard Coote, Oct. 8, 1666."
The above are copies of extracts made about
the year 1830 from one of the volumes mentioned
at the head of this article, then in the evidence
chamber of Kilkenny Castle. The books were
large folio, and are supposed to have been the
only copy existing in Ireland out of the Record
Department, Custom House, Dublin (where the
originals are preserved, extending I believe to
eighteen or twenty volumes). The copy which
had been in the possession of the Ormonde family
has been lost; it is feared, stolen. Should any
of the readers of " N. & Q." be able to identify
the books as existing in any collection, public or
private (it is supposed that the third and only
other copy of those important records is in Paris,
having been takefy along with the vessel that
carried it, by a French privateer in transit to
England), and be able to give such information,
publicly or privately, as may lead to the know-
ledge of their present place of existence, if not
170
NOTES AND QUERIES.
. NO 35., AUG. 30. '56.
their recovery, such informant will be entitled
to thanks ; and, if so^desired, substantial marks of
gratitude from the present representative of the
Ormonde family, by whose desire these lines are
inserted. JAMES GRAVES, Clk.
Kilkenny.
GAPS IN ENGLISH HISTORY.
Fernando Colombo and Henry VII. It has
not been generally adverted to, that amongst the
several offers which the great world-discoverer
made to the Repubjic of Genoa, to Spain, &c., the
dispatching of his own brother to London on a
similar errand is of much interest. Fernando
stayed a long time here, (I think six months or
more), during which many communications must
have been made by him to the Court, Admiralty,
&c., as the claims and demands of Christopher
were not trifling, some of them puny. He con-
stantly insisted on the admiralship (el Admiralasco)
of the discovered lands to be granted to his family
for ever ; although he might have known, even
from the history of the kings of Rome, that there
is no lease in perpetuity of the kind. However
this may have been, the reasons adduced by the
Colombos for the existence of the great western
land must have been cogent. The Court stretched
out the hand to conclude the bargain, but il etoit
trop tardl In the meantime the mystical affair
of Rabida had come to pass ; the New World be-
longed for awhile to Old Spain, &c. There is a
bit of immortality for any one who will search the
State Paper Office or Trinity House archives for
these surely yet existing documents. The private
archives of the then high admiral would be also
a very likely place to find them.
The Parliament and Education (2 nd S. i. 470.)
When in 1637 the tract on John Amos Comenius,
Conatuum Comenianorum Prceludia, appeared in
Oxford, this was really only a prcdudium of what
happened afterwards. The following (scanty)
passage, extracted from the great Cyclopsedia of
Ersch and Gruber, may induce English searchers
to go further into the matter, and to clear up a
most important incident of English and European
Culture-History :
" Subsequently the English Parliament called upon
him [Comenius] to undertake the arrangement (Ein-
riclitung) of their schools (Schulwesen)ll Comenius
obeyed the call. He arrived in 1641 in London, over-
whelmed with demonstrations of respect. But internal
commotions, Avhich placed mighty impediments in his
way, induced him to leave England."
But the publication of tracts and books lasted
uninterruptedly up to 1659, and even in 1777 a
book of Comenius has been printed here. Never
before nor since had any foreigner connected
his name with the history of England as Co-
menius (alias Komensky) has done. We are but
pigmies compared with such a man.
J. LOTSKY, Panslave,
15. Gower Street.
DR. TIMOTHY THURSCROSSE.
In the will and its codicils of Barnabas Oley,
the worthy Vicar of Great Gransden in Hunting-
donshire, we have the following notices of the Dr.
Timothy Thurscrosse, respecting whom some few
particulars were elicited in " 1ST. & Q.," 1 st S. ii.
441. 484. ; iii. 44. :
" Item. I give all those books that I took out of Dr.
Timothy Thurscrosse his library to his kinsman, Mr.
Marmaduke Flathers, Vicar of North Grimston, for his
use during his life, provided he give security to the town
to leave them safe for the use of his successors, Vicars of
North Grimston in Yorkshire, and that every Vicar do so
successively, or else forfeit the books to the Vicar of the
poorest parish within five miles of North Grimston, to be
taken by that poor Vicar, and recovered by course of law
upon the same conditions that T gave them to the Vicar
of North Grimston."
In the second codicil these books are thus
noticed :
" By Dr. Thurscrosse his books mentioned in my Will,
I mean and declare the same shall be known to be such
books as after my death shall be found in my study
marked or inscribed to have been his the said Doctor's,
and none other. And I will and desire the said books
shall be so settled and secured by articles to be made be-
tween my executors and the Vicar and Churchwardens of
North Grimston in Yorkshire, that the same may be
placed in some convenient room or library for the use of
the Vicars therein and their successors for ever, without
power to remove or embezzle the same, in such manner
as my executors shall in discretion think fit before the
said books be parted with out of their possession."
Again, in the third codicil we read :
" I do humbly entreat both my honored friend William
Thursby and any other the one or two that he shall chuse
to assist him, to have a care of the books: those in my
study upon the right hand here behind the door are the
books which I took as a legacy given myself out of his
library (I might have taken as many as I would) by his
Will to dispose of where I would his Will, I mean the
Will of Dr. Timothy Thurscrosse of blessed memory.
These I have given to Mr. Thomas Langley, a worthy
friend and an honest attorney of Furnivat's Inn in London
to be preserved for the use of the present Vicar of North
Grimston, and his successors for ever."
Mr. Thursby, the executor, has added the fol-
lowing note to the extract from the second codicil,
" This I have performed." Query, Are these
books at present in the custody of the Vicar of
North Grimston ? J. YEOWELL.
Cambridge Clods. Can any of your readers
inform me where it is likely I can get a sight of
s. NO 35., AUG. 30.
NOTES AND QUERIES.
171
the " caricature prints " mentioned in the follow-
ing extract from Caulfield's Remarkable Persons,
1819?
"About thirty years since two characters, equally
singular in their way, resided in Cambridge; Paris, a
well-known bookseller, and Jackson, a bookbinder, and
principal bass singer at Trinity College Chapel in that
University. These two gentlemen, who were both re-
markably corpulent, were such small consumers in the
article of bread, that their abstemiousness in that parti-
cular was generally noticed ; but to make amends, they
gave way to the greatest excess and indulgence of their
appetites in meat, poultry, and fish, of almost every de-
scription. And one day having taken an excursion, in
walking a few miles from home, they were overtaken by
Lunger, and on entering a public-house, the only pro-
vision they could procure was a clod of beef, weighing
near fourteen pounds, whic,h had been a day or two in
salt, and this these two moderate bread consumers con-
trived to manage between them broiled, assisted by a due
proportion of buttered potatoes and pickles. The land-
lord of the house having some knowledge of his guests,
the story got into circulation, and the two worthies were
ever after denominated the ' Cambridge Clods ! ' Several
caricature prints made their appearance on the occasion ;
but the best likeness of Mr. Jackson is from a drawing
taken by Silvester Harding, representing him, when ad-
vanced in years, seated in a large wicker chair."
HENRY KENSINGTON.
Miles the subject of^an Acrostic. Of what
" Miles " was the following acrostic written, when,
and by whom ?
" Magnanimus in adversitate,
Ingenuus in consanguinitate,
Largifluus in honestate,
Egregius in curialitate, et
Strenuus in virili probitate."
THEELKELD.
George M. Hunter. Is anything known re-
garding an author of the name of George M.
Hunter, who published Louis and Antoinette, a
tragedy, in 1794? R. J.
" Earl Harold" Who is the author of Earl
Harold, a tragedy, published by Fraser in 1837 ?
R. J.
Suffrages at End of Litany. Before the last
two suffrages at the end of the Litany in Book of
Common Prayer are prefixed respectively the
words Priest and Answer. No such prefix occurs
in the case of the other suffrages here. In the
previous editions of the Litany Versicle and An-
swer are similarly placed here, but not before the
other suffrages. Why is this ? Was there ori-
ginally any distinction in the manner of singing
the words " O Lord, let Thy mercy be shewed
upon us ; " " As we do put our trust in Thee,"
from that of the other versicles and responds in
this place ? A. A. D.
The Lord Dean of York. In a letter written
by Rogers, suffragan of Dover, to Mr. Bois, the
civilian, dated " Sothewark, the 7th of December,"
the year uncertain, but published by Strype (An-
nals of Reformation, vol. iv. p. 432., Oxford, 1824),
sub an. 1597, the year of Rogers's death, I find
the following passage :
" I could allege an old suffragan, Dean of York ; by
whom the Dean of that church came to be first called
Lord Dean ; whose leases of things appertaining to that
deanery," &c.
Upon this passage I should be glad to ask two
questions, viz. :
1. Who was the "old suffragan, Dean of
York ? "
2. For how long a period did the York Chapter
decorate its dean with this borrowed plume ?
Possibly the last edition of Strype may have a
note at this place ; but in the country I have not
access to that edition.
Might it not be worth inquiry also, whether
Rogers is correct in ascribing the origination of
this honorary title to the bishop-dean in question ?
Or whether it was not, in fact, a title assumed as
early as when the primacy was a subject of dis-
pute between the two archbishops, and when the
Mayor of York first rivalled his brother of London
in the like distinction ? J. SANS.OM.
Fenton of Milneame, Perthshire. Looking
over the pedigree of a Scotch family some time
ago, I met with the name of this family. Can
any of your readers inform me if this was a family
of any standing or importance in Perthshire ?
what arms they bore? or where I can find any
account of them ? SIGMA THETA.
Greek and English New Testament. Edward
Nares, in the preface to his remarks on the Im-
proved Version of the New Testament, says he
had met with a Greek and English New Testa-
ment, published in 1715 and 1718, the text of
which he had collated more than once with what
Griesbach afterwards published in his second
edition, and found nothing but the most trivial
differences. What edition does Nares mean ?
M.
Chattertoris Portrait. In the Life of Gains-
borough, by G. W. Fulcher, it is related that
during the interval between 1768 and 1773, when
he declined sending specimens of his paintings to
the Royal Academy, that wonderful youth Chat-
terton, "the sleepless soul that perished in his
pride," sat to Gainsborough for his portrait, and
that it was a masterpiece. As I consider myself
to have been a Bristolian of forty years' standing,
and possessor of a very extensive collection of
MSS. and books relative to the Chattertonian
controversy, may I be allowed to inquire with
some anxiety, whether any of the descendants of
Gainsborough, or your correspondents, can give
me any information into whose hands this portrait
may have fallen ? There is an engraving of Chat-
172
NOTES AND QUERIES.
S. N 35., AUG. 30. '56.
terton's portrait prefixed to Mr. t)ix's life of him,
who states that the original painting is in the pos-
session of the late Mr. Braikenridge, of Bristol.
Happening to know the history of this presumed
portrait, and that it was not p'ainted for Chatter-
ton, but some youth in Bristol, name unknown,
and that it was picked up at ah old clothes shop
in the Pithay in that city, by (I wish not to
mention the name), I feel myself compelled to dis-
abuse the public mind that Dix's engraving is a
portrait of Chatterton, and lament to say that
such a collector of Bristol antiquities as Mr.
Braikenridge was, was grossly imposed upon.
J. M. G.
Worcester.
Bath Characters at the 'beginning of this Cen-
tury. A few days since I accidentally met with
an 8vo. volume entitled Bath Characters; or,
Sketches from Life, by Peter Paul Pallet, the
third edition, London, 1808, pp. about 200.
The nobility, clergy, distinguished singers,
dilettanti, gatiiblers, and in short all such persons
as then frequented that, the most fashionable
watering-place, as well as those resident in the
place, are exhibited by the author, who is evi-
dently a scholar ; and who, while he satirises the
follies and different absurdities of the beau monde,
does so judiciously, and without rancour or acri-
mony. As the work must have created a sensation
at the time, I should thank any reader of " N. &
Q." who can inform me who was the author of it ?
and also, if there should be a Key to the characters
published, where I may find it ? A.
Ibbetson and John Smith, Artists. In the
Gamut, or Accidence of Painting in Oil, by Julius
Ca3s;ir Ibbetson, published in 1803, the author,
alluding to an account of his life, proceeds :
" But I will not impose it on the world at 'present, it
belonging more immediately to a work for which I have
collected a prodigious quantity of materials, and which I
have received great encouragement to bring forward. It
is Anecdotes of Picture Dealers, Picture Dealing, and
Pictures, and will be entitled Humbuggoloqia. Of which,"
observes- the artist in the conclusion, " at any rate, if I
can get but the Hnmbuggologia, it will, among other sen-
sations, excite laughter in no common degree, which is
reckoned very wholesome."
Now, can any one refer to any account of the
artist, and particularly to the work in question ?
which, if in existence, would probably furnish
much rare and valuable information to the picture
public. Many an anecdote and history of pictures
might be expected from an artist of such varied
experience and abilities as Ibbetson, whom Mr.
West termed the English Berghem.
He also promises the publication of his water-
colour process, which, I fear, never made its ap-
pearaneej although said to be in great forward-
ness
Ibbetson is said to have resided for many years
at Masham in Yorkshire, to be out of the way of
the picture- dealers, at which place he died. Are
his pictures frequently met with in Yorkshire ?
Is anything known of the artist and his draw-
ings of whom Ibbetson says, " In tinted drawings
no one, I believe, ever came so 1 near the tint of
nature as Mr. John Smith ? " ART Cu&ius.
Leeds.
Wyld's Globe and LangtarcPs Georama. The
publication of your General Index may have the
effect of resuscitating some dormant subjects. In
1 st S. v. 467. 488., a question Was discussedj
Whether Wyld's Great Globe is a plagiarism from
Molenax ? The evidence is insufficient to esta-
blish the affirmative, as it does not appear that
Molenax's globe differed from others except in
size : but what are we to say to the following,
which I cut out of a defunct periodical entitled,
The Museum, and Register of Belles Lettres, $*c.,
No. 5.j Jan. 31. 1824.?
" A Frenchman, of the name of Langlard, is at this
moment busily engaged, in conjunction with the best
geographers in Paris, in completing his invention of a
Georama, which he is erecting at an immense expense on
the Boulevards Italien, in a garden at the back of the
Cafe de la Paix. The Georama is to consist of a globe of
40 feet diameter ; in the inside of which will be repre-
sented a complete map of the world, describing, on an.
exact scale, the extent of every country, sea, river, and
mountain in the Atlas, as well as the site of all the high
roads, capitals, principal towns, and remarkable villages
in the known world ; giving at one view the sinuosities
of the routes of armies, public vehicles from one town to
another, throughout Europe, &c. The Poles will serve
as a point d'appui for circular stairs in the centre, from
which the spectators will have the facility of making
their observations."
Is anything more known of Langlard and his
Georama ? J. F. M.
Mortuaries. Can any of your clerical or legal
readers furnish me with the law or general custom
respecting mortuaries in those parishes in which
they are paid ? Especially on the point whether,
on the death of a parishioner who is liable to pay
the mortuary fee, it is to be paid to the incum-
bent of the parish in which he dies, or to the in-
cumbent of that in which he is buried ? If* h6
dies in a parish in which mortuaries are not paid,
but is buried in one in which they are paid, should
his executors pay the mortuary or not ?
WILLIAM FEASEB, B.C.L.
Alton, Staffordshire.
Sahagun Sword-Blades. Can any of your
readers inform me when Sahagun was celebrated
as a manufactory of swords? I recently became
possessed of an apparently very old blade of ad-
mirable temper, very narrow and long, something
like a claymore. On the blade is engraved " SA-
HAGVM," with several flourishes round it, and two
2 nd S. N 35., AUG. 30. '56.]
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
173
or three stars. I believe Sahagun to be the an-
cient Saguntum, where the first hostilities oc-
curred between Hannibal and the Romans ; and
more recently distinguished as being the scene of
a cavalry engagement during the Peninsular War.
CAC.ADORE.
Can Fish le Tamed ? In Mr. Scale's Me-
diaeval Preachers * there is an extract from the
Sermon addressed by Yieyra to the fishes, " be-
cause it was of no use to preach to the people of
Maranhao." Vieyra says :
"Aristotle, speaking of fishes, says that they alone
among all animals can neither be tamed nor domesticated."
Now it strikes one at once that this statement is
at variance with one made by the Apostle James
(iii. 7.) :
" Every kind of beasts, and of birds, and of serpents,
and of things in the sea, is tamed and hath been tamed of
mankind."
Of course it might be said that this latter is a
mere figure of speech or hyperbole; but, as a
matter of fact, is not the Apostle more accurate
than the philosopher? Tame carp in ponds
coming to be fed from the hand are by no means
uncommon ; and perhaps your correspondents
could mention other like cases. A. A. D.
The Worm in Wood. Can any of your readers
inform me of the cause of worm in wood ? In
the house of a friend, who lives near me, the fur-
niture more or less is all affected in this way. It
seems to be worse in those tables and chairs that
stand against the oldest wall of the castle (a por-
tion of the house is quite modern) ; but though
there is much of both ancient and modern furni-
ture, the worm does not seem to infect the one
more than tbe other. What is the remedy, if
there is one ? MILLICENT EBSKINE WEMTSS.
Bastards. It is often said that bastards can-
not span their own wrist. Can any of your corre-
spondents trace the history of this opinion ?
A.A.D.
John Duncurrib. George Duncumb, Esq., of the
Inner Temple, and of Westdn in Albury, co.
Surrey, at one time principal of Clifford's Inn,
and a Court keeper in large practice, speaks in his
will, anno 1646, of the fees of office of his son
John. The office in question was no doubt con-
nected with some of the law courts. Can any of
your readers tell me what it was ? and how long,
and the period John Duncumb held it ?
JAMES KNOWLES.
Singular Plant I have lately seen a plant
which had remained for years apparently dried
up, and curled up like a ball. It was put on a
fr m * reVleW in the Literary
plate full of water in the evening; and by the
next morning its leaves had become of a fine
olive-green, and lay gracefully round the plate,
flat and fully expanded on every side. When the 4
water was poured off, this curious plant began to
curl up again, and gradually returned to its pre-
vious state, appearing like a ball or a dry sponge.
It was evidently some sea-weed, but I should be
glad to know its name. F. C. H.
Early Illustrated English Versions of Ariosto.
Are there any old editions, in English verse, of
Aristo's Orlando Furioso f and, if so, are any of
them illustrated ? W. T.
im'tfj
Bisselius. Is anything known of Bisselius the
Jesuit, author of Gestorum Sceculi X VII. Synopsis,
as follows :
" 1601.
" Astronomum Primi rapit anni Parca Tychonem.
ilex oritur Geltes. Wallachus ense cadit.
" 1602.
" Excipit hunc MOSES, Siculorunl ductor ; ut armis
In Dacos, paribus ; sic quoque caede pari."
These lines I find in a battered old volume of
the above author, entitled Delicice JEstatis, and
dated 1644. THRELKELD.
[John Bissel, or Bisselius, was a German writer of the
seventeenth century, born at Babenhausen in Swabia in
1601. He early joined the Jesuits, and was professor of
philosophy and rhetoric in the colleges at Dillengen, In-
goldstadt, and Amberg, and died at the latter place in
1677. In his native country he had the reputation of a
good poet and elegant prose writer. For a list of his
works see Jocher, Gelehrten- Lexicon, s. t?.]
Medlars introduced into England. Can any of
your readers inform me when the fruit called
medlar was first introduced into this country ?
It seems to have been known in, or soon after, the
reign of Henry VIII.
In Heywood's Works, 4to., 1566, First Hun-
dred of Epigrams, 89. is one
OfMedlers.
" To feede of any frute at any feast,
Of all kynds of medlers rneddell with the least ;
Meddle not with-greate meddlers. Fdr no question
Meddlyng with greate meddlers maketh yll digestion."
*.s.
[An earlier notice of the medlar occurs in Chaucer,
The Romaunt of the Rose :
a And many homely trees there were,
That peaches, coines, and apples bere,
Medlars, plummes."
In factj the Me&pilus Germanica, the German or common
medlar, is indigenous, as stated by Dr. W. A. Bromfield in
London's Magazine of Natural History, vol. ix. p. 86.
He says: "M. germanica is scattered over a very ex-
tensive district, as about Hastings, and at the back of
174
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2nd s. ^0 35., AUG. 30. '56.
St. Leonard's in many places ; also about "Ashburnham,
between Catfield and Ninfield, in some places quite a con-
spicuous ornament to th hedgerows, which is not the
only situation it affects, occurring apparently truly wild,
though rarely, in the midst of natural woods near
Hastings, as in those at the Old Road, Coghurst, &c., in
which places I have found seedlings as well as trees of
advanced growth springing up perfectly spontaneously,
and very remote from habitations or cultivated ground.
In Guernsey and Jersey I have often found it wild, so
that its claim to be considered indigenous can hardly be
questioned ; besides, I have never seen it in any garden,
as a cultivated fruit tree, within many miles of this place
(Hastings, Sussex)." The dwarf medlar was introduced
in 1683. Consult also Loudon's Trees and Shrubs of
Great Britain, vol. ii. pp. 877. 928.]
Edition of Virgil. I shall be much obliged if
you, or any of your correspondents, will inform
me whether an edition of Virgil is a valuable one
which has name of printer and date as follows ?
" Leovardiae : Franciscus Halma, D.D., Ordinis Frisise
Typographus, CIO,IOCC,XVTI."
OXONIENSIS.
[Mr. H. G. Bohn in his General Catalogue of the
Classics, offers an edition of Virgil's works, of this place
and date, "in 2 vols. 4to., plates by Picart, fine copy, in
gilt prize vellum," for 11. lls. Qd.~\
Dr. Johnson and W. Davenport. Can any of
your readers kindly supply any information re-
lating to the W. Davenport, a protege of Dr.
Johnson, who was placed by the Doctor with Mr.
Strahan the printer, of Crane Court ? Davenport
is said to have been a man of high attainments,
and I am anxious to glean some particulars re-
specting him. I. W. S.
[A brief notice of William Davenport, who died at
Chcshunt, Herts, on Jan. 2, 1792, will be found in Ni-
chols's Leicestershire, vol. i. p. G09., and in the Gentleman's
Magazine for January, 1792, p. 91.]
Bow or Bay Windows. About what time was
the bow or bay window introduced into our do-
mestic architecture, and by whom and where ?
JOHN SCRIBE.
[Mr. Joseph Gwilt, in his Encyclopedia of Architecture,
p. 185., states that " the bay window was invented about
a century before the Tudor age. In a MS. at the He-
ralds' College relating to an entertainment given at
Richmond by Henry YIL, the following passage occurs,
and may be taken as descriptive of one of the purposes to
which it was applied : ' Agaynst that his grace had
supped, the hall was dressed and goocllie to be seene, and
a rich cupboord sett thereup in a baye window of ix or x
stages and haunces of hight, furnissed and fulfilled with
plate of gold, silvei-, and regilte.' Carved wainscotting
in panels, generally of oak, lined the lower part of the
halls Avith greater unity of design and execution than
heretofore ; and it now found its way into parlours and
presence-chambers with every variety of cyphers, cogni-
zances, chimeras, and mottoes, which in the castles of
France, about the age of Francis I., were called Boisseries.
Of these some curious specimens still remain in the hall
and chambers of the dilapidated mansion of the Lords de
la Warre at Halnacre, in Suffolk." Consult also Glossary
of Architecture, vol. i. p. 69.]
MILITARY DINNERS.
(2 nd S. ii. 127.)
Amongst the mighty achievements which have
been celebrated over the festive board none ever
surpassed, in all its bearings, the banquet given
upon the bridge at Calloo, thrown over the Scheldt
to complete the investment of Antwerp, by the
Duke of Parma in 1584.
^ The wide and rapid river presented numerous
difficulties to this gigantic scheme hard to be sur-
mounted. In winter, huge masses of detached
ice floated upon the surface, or, sinking with the
weight of accumulated snow, rolled on with the
currents beneath. But when the tide flowed, the
foaming waves bore back the masses ; and meet-
ing others in a downward course, they congealed,
and accumulated to ponderous heaps, sinking or
destroying whatever crossed their course. In
summer the sandy sloughs offered but an insecure
foundation for a structure destined to bear the
transit of the heaviest ordnance and the muni-
tions necessary for the siege.
Over these difficulties the engineer the Marquis
of Roubais, at once a traitor to his adopted cause
and his country, found the means to triumph : he
commenced his unparalleled work, and laboured
like the unconscious insect at its own chrysalis. He
saw all difficulties surmounted ; but while he was
pursuing his work, the Italian Giambelli was ma-
turing his plans for destroying the marvellous
barrier. Ships without crews or rudders or masts
were sent adrift from the beleaguered city, and left
to the unstable guidance of the waves ; but they
bore within their holds the "Antwerp fire."
Some stranded on the way ; and the loitering
soldiery hastened from the banks to board them,
and learn the meaning of the floating logs ; others
approached the bridge. De Roubais waited there
the favoured but fatal moment, then leapt upon
the deck, followed by companions daring as him-
self. The bridge was crowded with wondering
troops. The Duke of Parma was hurried from
the scene, and to a moment saved. The explo-
sions followed : the bridge was riven in twain.
Thousands were scorched and killed, and Roubais
died, to fill a traitor's grave.
"The End of the War," as the scheme was
called, was accomplished ; but the Prince of
Orange had fallen, and none remained to grapple
with the prostrate foe.
The bridge was speedily repaired, and the brave
St. Aldogond, driven to the last extremity by
starvation, yielded Antwerp to the first general of
the age.
To gratify his soldiers' pride was the victor's
first thought. To dine with them upon the bridge,
the first great cause of his success, appeared the
proudest triumph he or they could feel. The
2 nd S. N 35., AUG. 30. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
175
thought was happy. An unmeasured and deso-
late plain a mighty river the distant towers of
the fallen city the enfilading batteries with an
hundred guns the wonder-working bridge itself,
now made the scene of hilarity, joy, and triumph
all united, with the flush of victory, to produce
one common soul-inspiring ardour which has not
had its like again. H. D'AVENEY.
WILL OF RICHARD LINGARD.
(2 nd S. ii. 104.)
Allow me to offer a few observations which may
throw some light upon the curious will of Richard
Lingard, printed in your number of the 9th of
this present month.
Dr. Richard Lingard, probably an Englishman,
went from the University of Cambridge to that of
Dublin, where he became a Fellow of Trinity
College, and Regius Professor of Divinity. In
1666, after he had been more than forty years in
holy orders, he was appointed Dean of Lismore
[not Rismore]) but held that dignity only four
years.
His death must have taken place within a very
short time after the signing of his will on Nov. 10,
1670 : as on the 29th of that month a patent was
granted to his successor in the deanery.
The circumstance of his will being proved in
the Court of York may be accounted for by his
possessing property in Cumberland, which is
within that province. It must also have been
proved in Ireland, either at Dublin or Waterford.
It is certainly a very curious document, and
although it is too indistinct to enable us to under-
stand all the particulars referred to, and probably
is disfigured through the lack of scholarship in
his man " Arthur Brinan whoe did write the said
hasty will ; " yet it is such an one as we may well
conceive a man dangerously ill and in great weak-
ness, to have dictated to his servant at his bed-
side, one clause following another without much
connexion of subject or distinctness of expression,
just as the several matters arose in his mind.
From his desire " to be buried where the parish
of St. Andrew shall appoint," I think it most
likely that he resided, and died, within that parish.
He was interred in Trinity College Chapel.
With respect to some of the persons and places
mentioned in the will, I may mention that
" The College," means Trinity College, Dublin.
" The Dean of Cork " was Dr. Thomas Vesey,
afterwards Archbishop of Tuam.
" The Library " means that of Trinity College.
" The Provost " was Dr. Thomas Seele, Dean
of St. Patrick's, Dublin.
"Mr. (or Dr.) Styles" probably was the Rev.
Henry Stiles, a prebendary of St. Patrick's.
" Mr. Crookes " perhaps was Mr. John Crooke,
an eminent printer and bookseller in Dublin at
that time.
" Patrick and William Sheridan" were brothers,
the Deans of Down [not Derry or Dromore~\ and
Connor [not Cork~\.
It does not well appear, whether the poor man
intended to ask forgiveness from them, or to im-
part it to them.
It would seem as if Dr. Lingard had been pre-
paring some literary work some " notes " for
publication ; and desired that a few not more
than six of his sermons should be inserted. I
am not aware whether this design was ever carried
out. He himself had printed one sermon, in de-
fence of the Liturgy of the Church of England
and Ireland, which he had preached before King
Charles II. 4to. London, 1668. And, two years
afterwards, he published A Letter of Advice to a
Young Gentleman leaving the University. 12mo.
1670. These are the only fruits of his pen which
I have heard of (see Fasti Ecclesicz Hibern., i.
169.). H. COTTON.
Thurles, Aug. 20.
THE TEN COMMANDMENTS.
(2 nd S. i. 440 J
Professor Browne, as quoted by A. A. D., who
bestows his approbation upon the statement
by calling it " accurate," says : " The second
commandment is joined with the first according
to the reckoning of the Church of Rome." Here
we have the first oversight in the " accurate
statement " of the professor. Holy Writ, while
it tells us that the words of the Law were ten
(Deut. iv. 13.), nowhere lets us know the pre-
cise way in which they were divided, nowhere
defines for us which is the first, which the second,
which is the ninth, which the tenth word or com-
mandment. From St. Austin's days, that is, since
the beginning of the fifth century, the Western
Church has used the same division of the com-
mandments as we Catholics now use. With re-
gard to England's practice, Alcuin and .ZElfric
show us that our Anglo-Saxon countrymen did as
we still do (Alcuini Opp. ed. Frobenio, i. 340 ;
^Elfric's Horns, ii. 199. 205.) ; and our national
councils held one at Lambeth, A. D. 1281, another
at Exeter, A.D. 1287 (Wilkins, Condi, ii. 55.
162.), witness for the same usage at a later period ;
not to mention such authorities as the Pupilla
Oculi, fol. clxii., and the Coventry Mysteries, p. 60.
The professor goes on to say : " It will be found
so united in the Masoretic Bibles ; the Masoretic
Jews dividing the tenth commandment (accord-
ing to our reckoning) into two." By "our" is
meant, of course, the present Protestant reckon-
ing of England. Not only have even Protestants
176
NOTES AND QUERIES.
OA S. N' 35., AUG. 30. '56.
divided, but there are some who still divide the
Decalogue exactly as we Catholics do. Cranmer
himself did so : in the A Catechismus, &c., set forth
by the mooste reverence Father in God, Thomas
Arch-Byshop of Canterbury," fyo., we read :
" These are the holy commaundmentes of the Lortl our
God. Thefirste. I am the Lord thy Qod, thou shalt have
none other Goddes but me. The Seconde. Thou shalt not
take the name," &c.
Though this catechism was dedicated to Edr
wartl VI., and " for the singular commoditie and
prosper of childre and yong people," the whole of
what, by Professor Browne's reckoning, js the
second commandment, is left out. The division
which Cramner followed in England, Luther fol-
lowed in Germany, and the Lutherans even yet
follow. In the Kirchenbuch fur Evangelische
Christen, Berlin, 1854, p. 23, is given " D. Martin
Luther's Kleiner Katechismus," and at the begin-
ning, we have the Ten Commandments thus :
" Das erste Gebot. Du sollst nicht andere Gotter haben.
Das sweite Gebot. Du sollst den Namen Deines Gottes
nicht unnuklich fuhren," &c.
Professor Browne observes that :
" What the Roman church deals unfairly in is, that she
teaches the commandments popularly only in epitome ;
and that, so having joined the first and the second to-
gether, she virtually omits the second, recounting them
in her catechisms, &c., thus: 1. Thou shalt have none
other gods but Me. 2. Thou shalt not take the name of
the Lord thy God in vain. 3. Remember," &c.
If there be any force in this objurgation, it is as
applicable to Cranmer and Luther of old, and to
the Lutherans of the present day, quite as muck
as to the " Roman Church."
" By this method her children," continues the Pro-
fessor, "and other less instructed members, are often
ignorant of the existence in the decalogue of a prohibition
against idolatry."
Be it borne in mind that, like ourselves, the
Lutherans set up images crucifixes in their
churches, and what is said of the Catholic is re-
ferable to the Lutheran wording of the command-
ments. But Professor Browne is wrong upon
more points than one respecting the teaching of
the Church, in the present, as well as olden time,
about the use of images, and the wording of the
commandments. Now, for the latter of these
subjects. The Abridgment of the Christian Doc-
trine is a little book, or First Catechism, out of
which every Catholic child, in this country, begins
to learn the rudiments of its religion : it con-
tains what, according to Catholic reckoning, is the
first commandment that is the 6th, 7th, 8th,
and the beginning of the 9th verse of the 5th
chapter in Deuteronomy, at full length. To the
question : " What is forbidden by the first com-
mandment ? " the answer is : " The first com-
mandment forbids us to worship false gods or
idols, or to give to any creature whatsoever the
honour which is due to God." To the question :
" May we not pray to relics or images ? " the
answer is : " No, by no means ; for they have
no life nor sense to help us." This catechism has
the bishop's imprimatur at the beginning, and is
thus set forth by authority. Before the method
qf instruction by catechisms was introduced, the
people of this land were not less carefully and
earnestly warned of " the existence in the deca-
logue of a prohibition against idolatry." What,
for instance, could be clearer or stronger than the
following words on the subject :
"Thyse bee y e x. tfcmimaundenientis of god The
fyrst he commaundeth that thou have no god but him.
Ne that thou wortshyp, serve, ne give thy trust to none
other creature, ymage, ne thinge graven but only to him.
In this is forboden mamettry," &c. Quatuor Sermones, at
the end of the Liber Festivalis, sig, Y. ii., &c. DIVES
says : " In the fyrste commaundement as I have lerned,
god sayth thus: Thou shalte have none other strange
goddes before me. Thou shalte make to the no graven
thynge, no maumette, no lykenes that is in heven above,
ne that is bynethe in erthe, ne of any thynge that is in
the water under the erthe. Thou shalte not worshyp
them with thy bodye outwarde, ne within thy harte in-
ward." Among other things, PAUPEK says : " God for-
byddeth not utterly the makynge of y mages, but he
forbyddethe utterly for to make'ymages for to worshyppe
them as goddis, and to set theyr fayth, theyr truste, their
hope, their love, and their beleve in theym. For god
wyll have mans harte hole knytte to hym alone, for in him
is all our helpe and all our salvation." To an objection
of DIVES'S that "on palme sondaye at procession the
priest saith thrise : Ave rex noster, hayle be thou our
kyng (before the rood), and so he worshippeth that image
as king." PAUPER answers : " God forbede. He speketh
not to the image, that the carpentar hath made, and the
pointer peinted, but if the prest be a fole, for that stock
or stone was never king, but he speakethe to hym that
died on the crosse for us all, to hym that is kynge of
all thynge." A compendious treatyse or dialoge, &c.
The I. Command, chap. i. and chap. iv.
Among the publications of the Caxton Society,
there is a
" Romance of englische of the begynnyng of the world,
and of al that a lewed man has nede for to knawe for hele
of soule. This romance (Chasteau d'Amour) turned a
munk of Sallay out of French romance that sir Robert
Bischop a lyncoln made, and eked mikel therto, as him
thought spedeful to edeficacion and swettenes of devocioun
and bering of leAved men."
In this so-called " romance " we are told of the
"ten commaundements " that
" The first is to worschip on (one) god and no mo
This biddyng sal be understanden so
That it forbedes all mamettrie
And also all maner of sorcerie
Mammeutrie is to do creature that honour
That thou suld do all onely to thi creator
That is worschip for him self over all other thing
A seint sal thou worschip for he is his dertyng
Ymages in the kirk that thou on lokes
Are to the as to the clerk are his gode bokes
Thou sal not worschip thaim bot for thair sake
That thei bringe to thi mynd thi prayer to make."
Bishop Grossetete's Poems, now first edited by M.
Cooke, for the Caxton Society, pp. 133. 136.
2* S. N' 35., AUG. 30. '56.]
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
177
Whether the substance of the above lines stood
part of the worthy bishop's original French, or
these verses be some of that " mikei " which the
Yorkshire Cistercian monk " eked therto " of his
own, certain is it that, in this as well as in the other
above-cited passages out of our old writers, we
have proof that the Ten Commandments were
then taught, not merely in epitome, but in full,
and that the Catholic church, in olden as well as
in these our days, instead of allowing " her chil-
dren and other less instructed members to be often
ignorant of the existence in the decalogue of a
prohibition against idolatry," always taught, as she
yet untiringly teaches, all her people, and more
especially the " lewed," the unlearned among them,
to keep themselves from " nmrnettrie," that is
idolatry, under every shape. D. ROCK.
Newick, Uckfield.
JUDITH CULPEPER.
(2 nd S. ii. 130.)
The Judith Culpeper mentioned by your corre-
spondent Vox was not of the Hollingbourne, but
of the Wakeherst (co. Sussex) branch of the
family. The enclosed extract from a pedigree
in my possession will show her position in the
family. Judith married, secondly, Christopher
Mason, Captain, R.N. Sir William, her son, was
buried at St. James's, Westminster, and at his
death the title became extinct.
Sir Edward Culpeper of Wakeherst, Sussex, Knt.
Sir Wm. Culpeper, created Ba.rt.
(iin Cul
Sir Edward Culpeper, Bart.
Sir Benjamin Culpeper,
Bart., ob. 1671.
I Benjamin Cul-=Judith, daughter of Win.
John Gulpeper. peper, ob. vita Wilson of Eastbourne, co,
patris. Sussex, Esq.
Benjamin, o. s. p.
Sir Wm. Culpeper, Bart.,
who about 1694-95 alienated Wakeherst to
Dionysius Denys Lyddell, Esq., and died
28th Mar. 1740, s. p.
There was another Judith Culpeper of an earlier
date. She was the daughter of Sir Thomas Cul-
peper of Hollingbourne, and became the second
wife of Sir John Culpeper in 1681. This Sir
John was created Baron Culpeper of Thoresway,
by letters patent dated Oct. 21, 1644, and died in
1660.
Should your correspondent be willing to dis-
pose of Judith's letter, I should be glad to acquire
it, as I am anxious to collect all the relics I can
find relating to the Culpeper family. My mother
is the daughter of the late John Spencer Culpeper
of Tenterden, co. Kent, and of Woodford Hall,
co. Essex, Esq. ; and should your correspondent
desire any farther information respecting this an-
cient, noble, and once wide^ spreading family, I
shall be most happy to communicate with him.
Whilst I am on the subject, may I ask whether
your correspondent, or any of your readers, can
give me a clue to the recovery of a number of
family papers (amongst which was the patent of
peerage) deposited for safety many years since by
my grandfather, J. S. Culpeper, Esq., with a Mr.
Sarel, a solicitor, formerly of Arundel or Surrey
Street, Strand. I have a list of these papers, but
have sought for them in vain.
WILLIAM H. MORLEY.
15. Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn.
The second wife of John Lord Colepeper, Chan-
cellor of the Exchequer and Master of the Rolls
to Charles I., who died in the month of July after
the Restoration, was Judith, daughter of Sir
Thomas Colepeper of Hollingbourn, Knt. One
of their daughters was also named Judith, who
married a relative of the same name.
The writer of the letter communicated by Vox
is no doubt one of these : and if the former, as is
most probable from the date, the brother referred
to would be Sir William, the first baronet of
Preston Hall. If the latter, the brother would be
Thomas, the second Baron Colepeper.
EDWARD Foss.
ta
Gardner E. Zillibridge (2 nd S. i. 74.) Into
Jjittell's Living Age, which is a weekly magazine,
containing 64 pages about the size of those of
" N. & Q.," and which is made up principally of
the choice articles of the English reviews, maga-
zines, and journals, I occasionally copy articles
from <* N". & Q.," among which was a Query about
Mr. Lillibridge, which brings me the enclosed
explanation, now duly forwarded to your pleasant
journal. E. LITTELL.
Boston, April 16, 1856.
To the Editor of LittelVs Living Age.
" Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, Ap. 12th, 1856.
" MR. EDJTOR,
" In the last number of your serial, you inquire for
information in respect to Mr. Lillibridge ; and, as. it is in
my power to impart some little, I herewith communicate
it, in the shape of an original letter from the gentleman
himself. You are at liberty to make such use of it as
youjnay deem proper. The person to whom it was adr
dreSed was, at that time, a prominent and influential
member of this community, but died within the past year.,
The letter referred to, and which I enclose, fell into my
hands in the course of my professional duties as the
attorney of Mr. Seller's estate.
" Respectfully,
" A. J. HERB." ~
" Harrisburg, Feb. 10, 1827.
" Pardon the liberty I take in presenting you, among
other friends of the Drama, with a Copy of Tancred in its
new though unpolished dress. I have to beg your indul-
gence for the many errors that escaped my notice when
178
NOTES AND QUERIES.
S. N" 35., AUG. 30. '56.
the work was put to press, and which may be attributed
to my infancy in Literature. It has never yet been re-
presented on any stage, and I feel confident that Harris-
burg will do me the honor of welcoming my maiden pro-
duction to her boards, with no other commendation from
me than the mere relation of a fact by way of anecdote
and coincidence ; that their humble candidate for public
favor first compiled, set the type, pressed and stitched the
work, and he is now about to play the Hero of the piece
at its first representation. Will you but smile upon my
exertions, after you have perused my little offering, you
may prompt me to attempt again at some future period.
" I only regret that my claim for public favor is not
greater. " I need not add, that the piece shall be got up
in a style that must warrant it acceptable.
" Due notice will be given when it shall.be bro't for-
ward, which will be but for one night only, "
Your Obt. Servt.,
" G. R. LlLLIBRIDGE."
" Jacob Seiler, Esq.
Money enclosed in Seal of Legal Documents
(2 nd S. ii. 129.) In Miss Edgeworth's admirable
tale of Patronage, at the 42nd chapter, an interest-
ing account is given of a sixpence being placed
under the seal affixed to an old deed, on which
incident is made to depend one of the chief points
of the story. N. L. T.
Port Jackson (2 nd S. ii. 77.) The epitaph on
Sir George Jackson's monument in Bishops Stort-
ford Church, Herts, states that " Captain Cook, of
whom he was a zealous friend and early patron,
named after him Point Jackson in New Zealand,
and Port Jackson in New South Wales." Sir
George died Dec. 15, 1822, aged ninety-seven
years. This testimony ought to be decisive on
the subject. J. E. J.
Colmans "Iron Chest" (2 nd S. ii. 70.) I also
possess a copy of this play ; but it has this ad-
vantage over the one mentioned by JTJVERNA, that
besides the celebrated preface, it also contains the
no less celebrated postscript, commencing " Inveni
Portum," and written a few months afterwards,
when the play had been produced at the Hay-
market, and the principal character had been
undertaken by Mr. Elliston. The year of pub-
lication is the same (1796) ; but the edition is that
of Messrs. Cadell and Davies, the printer being
Mr. Woodfall. Sir Walter Scott, in his Life of
Kemble, says : " The preface was so effectually
cancelled, that the price of a copy in which it
remains astounds the novice when it occurs in the
sale-room." I question, however, whether Sir
Walter was not quite as much misinformed as
Mr. Jones (JBiograph. Dramatica), who says that
30s. or even 40.s. have been paid for a copy of it.
Mine is at the disposal of any of your correspond-
ents for half the latter amount. N. L. T.
English Words terminating in " -il" (2 nd S. ii.
47. 119.) In addition to those words, for which
I have to thank your correspondent T, J. E., five
more have been suggested to me by a friend :
anvil, daffodil, fossil, pastil, and weevil. My object,
lowever, was not so much to prove " the small
number" of English words of this termination, as
:o remark on the erroneous modern pronunciation
of two words so terminating. The additional
words, which have been suggested to me, assist in
confirming my argument. With the exception of
weevil, which is generally pronounced weevle, all
the others are formed from words bearing the
same termination in the languages from which
they are severally derived ; and they are therefore
properly sounded as if they ended in -ill ; but the
Teutonic Saxon origin and sound of devil, evil,
and weevil, seem to prove the propriety of the
established against the new pronunciation. If more
English words can oe discovered with this termin-
ation, which is by no means improbable, I feel no
doubt of their giving additional force to my de-
fence of the old way of speaking and reading.
E. C. H.
" When you go to Rome, do as Rome does "
(2 nd S. ii. 129.) The fragment given by M. C.
is inaccurate in representing St. Monica's doubt
to have taken place in Rome, and that St. Au-
gustin went to Milan to consult St. Ambrose, for
all the parties were at Milan at the time. To save
M. C. further trouble, I will transcribe St. Au-
gustin's account of the matter, which occurs in his
"Epistle XXXVI. to Casulanus : "
" Indicabo tibi quid mihi de hoc requirenti respondent
venerandus Ambrosius, a quo baptizatus sum, Mediola-
nensis episcopus. Nam cum in eadem civitate mater mea
mecum esset, et nobis adhuc catechumenis parum ista
curantibus, ilia solicitudinem gereret utrum secundum
morem nostrae civitatis (Tagaste) sibi esset Sabbato je-
junandum, an ecclesiae Mediolanensis more prandendam,
ut hac earn cunctatione liberarem, interrogavi hoc supra-
dictum hominem Dei. At ille, . . . ' Quando hie
sum, non jejuno Sabbato; quando Romae sum, jejuno
Sabbato : et ad quamcumque ecclesiam veneritis,' inquit,
'ejus morem servate, si pati scandalum non vultis aut
facer e.' "
Hence came the proverb, " Cum Romse fuerit,
Romano vivito more." F. C. H.
Did the Greek Surgeons extract Teeth ? (l t S.
x. 256.) The above question has received some
elucidation in the columns of " N. & Q." Having
recently been consulted by a Russian gentleman,
the conversation turned upon that splendid work
on Crimean Antiquities, published by order of the
Emperor of Russia, as alluded to in your columns
by Dr. Lotsky. My informant tells me that on one
of the ornaments found in the ancient buildings of
the Crimea, is represented a surgeon drawing a
tooth from the mouth of one of the barbarian
royalties. This, I think, establishes the fact that
there were then peripatetic, either Egyptian or
Greek, dentists, who resorted to ^ those distant
countries for the purpose of practising their art.
2 nd S. N 35., AUG. 30. '56.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
179
I believe this is the only representation .of a sur-
gical operation to be met with on ancient sculp-
ture, and hope some of our illustrated periodicals
will reproduce copies of this, as well as other in-
teresting subjects contained in the above work.
GEORGE HAYES.
Conduit Street.
Mortgaging the Dead (2 nd S. ii. 128.) In the
absence of any notice from your correspondents
of the " conjecture " advanced in this article in
reference to the object of the law therein alluded
to, I am induced to ask on what authority such
an opinion, contravening as it does, though with
some plausibility, the statement of Herodotus, is
supposed to be founded. I do not recollect if
Mr. Pettigrew in his Egyptian Mummies, where
appears an interesting account of this law of 'arrest,
as it is termed, notices the irreconcileableness of
the two opinions. As I am unable to refresh my
memory by any immediate reference to that work,
perhaps some of your correspondents, who may
have it in their possession, would oblige me by
giving me the benefit of their remarks on this ob-
vious discrepancy. In Beloe's translation (lib. ii.
c. 136.) appears the following foot-note on the
passage referred to :
" The laws of England allow the arrest of a person's
dead body till his debts are paid: this mentioned by
Herodotus is the first example perhaps on record of such
a custom.' But see Burn's Justice of the Peace : ' A vulgar
and erroneous notion once prevailed that a dead body
might be arrested for debt, but such a proceeding is
clearly illegal and indictable.' Lord Ellenborough said :
' To seize a dead body upon any such pretence would
be contra bonos mores, and an extortion on the relatives.
It is contrary to every principle of law and moral feeling ;
and such an act is revolting to humanity and illegal ' "
Vol. i. p. 414.
F. PHILLOTT.
Viner's " Abridgment" (2 nd S. ii. 85.) A more
extensive edition of Bibliotheca Legum Anglice
was published "London, 1788," in two parts or
volumes : the first " compiled by John Worrall,"
and the second " compiled by Edward Brooke."
At p. 4. of 1st part, Miner's Abridgment (noticed
by Mr. Knowles) is stated at 24 vols. fol., 1741-
1751, 311. 10s. The work appears to have been
completed by Mr. Viner in 1788 ; and, no doubt,
arrangements had been made with the booksellers
for its disposal, and all delicacy as to naming a
price had melted away.
Mr. Worrall subjoins the critical opinion of
Mr. Hargrave on this " immense body of law and
equity." I believe few out of the legal profession
will be disposed to dip much into the profound
abyss. A point or two mentioned by Mr. Worrall
may here be added as rather special to Mr. Viner's
folios :
" It is observable that the learned and laborious com-
piler of this Abridgment, not only had the work printed
under his own inspection (by agreement with the law
patentees) at his house at Aldershot in Hampshire, but that
the paper was also manufactured under his direction, as
appears by a peculiar water-mark describing the number
of the volume, or the initials of C. V."
These modes had probably been adopted by
Mr. Viner to prevent fraud on his collection of
legal treasure. A curious instance of an attempt
at security in another form is to be seen in Le
Monde Enchante of Balthasar Bekker, Doctor in
Theology, and pastor at Amsterdam, 1694. In
his Epitre, he says :
" Je declare que je n'en reconnois point d'autres que
ceux qui sont sousigne's de moi comme celui-ci, ou je
vous assure de ma propre main que je suis," &c.
and unmistakeably he appends his autograph to
each of his four volumes. The patent medicine
gentlemen seem now to be the only persons who
attest their productions to the public after this
fashion. G. X.
MS. of (Thomas a Kempis, or rather of} the
" De Imitatione " (2 nd S. i. 493.) The Codex de
Advocatis is briefly noticed in the preface to an
edition of the De Imitatione by Joannes Hrabi-
eta, altera editio, Gera3 et Lipsise, 1847, p. ix., and
to which I referred your readers at vol. ix. p. 87.,
1 st S. Of course the authorship of Thomas a
Kempis is denied. The information in that preface
seems to be taken from a work entitled :
" Memoire sur le ve'ritable Auteur de PImitation de
Jesus-Christ ; par G. de Gregory, Chevalier de la Legion
d'Honneur, etc. Paris, 1827."
If your correspondent QUIDAM consults that
edition of the De Imitatione, which is one of the
stereotyped editions in small quarto so common at
all the book-stalls, he should be careful to distin-
guish it from another edition very similar, and
better in some respects, but with a different
preface.
H. P.
"Baalbec" (2 nd S. ii. 114.) The derivation of
Baalbec appears to me to be from the Phoenician
Irish Baal-beact, i. e. "the sun circle :" as it was
no doubt originally one of those vast circular
earthen embankments with upright stones and
an altar in the centre, such as the Phoenicians
erected at Amesbury ; also at the Giant's Ring,
near Belfast ; and at Greenan Mountain, co. Do-
negal. The name of the latter particularly car-
ries us back to remote antiquity : Griaji, i. e.
Grynceus, and An, i. e. Ain, a circle. Thus we
have a connecting link between these islands and
Asia Minor from the most ancient times, when
the Phosnicians penetrated to these shores through
the pillars of Hercules. It is curious to note that
to this day Baal is a name of the sun in Irish :
as in Bel-ain, a year, i. e. " sun circle ; " and La
Bal~tinne, Midsummer Day, i. e. " the day of the
fire of Baal," from the huge bonfires that are to
this day lighted on that anniversary.
FBAS. CROSSLET.
180
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[2
., AUG. 30. '56.
" A sunbeam passes through pollution unpolluted. 1 "
(2 nd S. i. 114. 304. 442. 502.) Diogenes Laertius,
in his Life of Diogenes the Cynic ( 63.), records
the following saying of that philosopher :
" Ilpbs rbf oi'eiSi'fovTa OTI ei? TOTTOVS aKa.Qa.pTOv; elffuH, Kit
yap 6 rjA.10?, e(ij, els tovs airoriaTOvs, a\\' ov /onaiverac."
ZEUS.
Great Heat (2 nd S. 11. 131.) To us, in Scot-
land, it is an extraordinary idea to compare the
heat of 1856 to that of 1826, as your correspon-
dent KARL seems inclined to do. Here rain has
fallen almost daily all summer, and the air felt
cold, the thermometer seldom exceeding 70. In
1826 the air was dry and the heat intense for
three months. The disastrous consequence to
the crops was, that oats on light soils were pulled
by hand, and barley was with difficulty mown
with either sickle or scythe. The straw of the
wheat was short, but was capable of being reaped
and shocked. There was very little hay, and the
pastures were burnt up, the cattle being half
starved. And yet sheep never throve better than
in that season, and wheat was of the finest quality,
not a single grain being unfilled in the ear. No
such state of crops has occurred since 1826. As
to potatoes, they were scanty, but of fine quality,
and at that time no dire disease had overtaken
them. The turnips were small and hard. For
want of straw and turnips the stock were with
difficulty brought through the ensuing winter.
Having some acres of rough boggy land in Forfar-
shire, I had a considerable quantity of its coarse
hay to support my stock upon, and they devoured
it with avidity. " HENRY STEPHENS.
Grain Crops (2 nd S. ii. 88.) There is no
doubt that when the straw becomes ripe at the
root, before the ear, that the crop may be cut
down, with the advantages of securing it against
shaking by the wind, and of ripening the ear in
the shock. Such always occurs in early and fa-
vourable seasons ; but in late seasons the ear
ripens before any part of the straw, in which case
early cutting would find the straw in too green a
state. It will not, therefore, do to wait in all
seasons for the ripening of the straw at the root.
Whatever be the state of the straw, it is safest to
reap grain crops before the maturing of the ear,
and not run the risk of a wind-shake, which at
times is very disastrous, especially in Scotland.
No loss will arise from cutting straw in a greenish
state. One year I cut down a ridge of potato
oats, quite filled, it is true, but in a very fresh
green state, to make a way for hay to be built
into a stack in a convenient place. Both straw
and grain ripened fully in the shock, and afforded
the most beautiful sample of each I ever saw.
HENRY STEPHENS.
" Hey Johnny ^ Cope" (2 nd S. ii. 135.) The
original air of this song was composed by Thomas
Connallon, the Irish harper, in 1660, in honour of
" Lady Iveagh." Thotoas Connallon was born at
Cloonmahon, co. Sligo, in 1640 ; and in after life
he settled at Edinburgh. He introduced into
Scotland the fine aif of " Lochabar," which was
composed by Miles O'Reilly, harper, of Killincarn,
co. Cavan, as " a lament for the battle of Augh-
rim." O'Reilly was born in 1635. I shall be
happy to send DR. RIMBAULT the score of " Lady
Iveagh," if he desires it. FRAS. CROSSLEY.
Ancient British Saints (2 nd S> ii. 68.) Two of
the saints of whom MB. BYNG speaks are noticed
in A Memorial of Ancient British Piety, or a
British Martyrology, London, 1761 ; and the third,
" Judicael," whose feast-day is December 16, is
enumerated in the -
" Elenchus Sanctorum Beatorum et aliquot Venera-
bilium quorum acta in persecutioue opens Bollandiani
elucidanda videntuh"
D. ROCK.
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to
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NOTES AND QUEKIES.
181
LONDON, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 6, 1856.
POPIANA.
Popes Letters to Cromwell. A writer in The
Athenaeum some two or three years since gave
some curious specimens of the manner in which
Pope doctored his published correspondence. I
have just found another illustration of it, which
furnishes at the same time what I think must be
a satisfactory proof that the Familiar Letters to
Henry Cromwell, Esq., by Mr. Pope, which are
included by Pope and Warburton in the " Cata-
logue of Surreptitious and Incorrect Editions of
Mr. Pope's Letters," as published in 1727, were
really published about that time, although it is
understood that no copy of such an edition can be
found either in the British Museum, the Bodleian,
or in the library of any known collector of Pope's
works.
The proof I refer to is found in the Dedication
to a Satirical Poem published in 1728, and the
title of which I may as well give at length : " The
Knight of the Kirk, or the Ecclesiastical Adven-
tures of Sir John Presbyter :
" French Eplques and Burlesque the Age adorn,
And Ordination sounds the Church's horn."
Incerti Auth.
The Second Edition. London : Printed for M.
Smith in Cornhill 1728. (Price Is. 6d.) "
This Dedication is addressed " To Messieurs
Courayer and Voltaire," and concludes with the
following :
" P. S. Alexander Pope, Esq., in his FAMILIAR LETTERS
to Henry Cromwell, Esq., pag. 50. and 51., hath in Honour
of the Church, made the following Comparison between
Clergymen and Constables, viz. :
" ' PRIESTS indeed in their Character, as they represent
GOD, are sacred ; and so are CONSTABLES as they repre-
sent the KING ; but you will own a great many of them
are very odd Fellows, and the Devil a Bit of Likeness in
'em. And so much for PRIESTS in general, now for TRAPP
in particular, whose Translations from Ovid I have not so
good an Opinion of as 3 r ou ; but as to the Psalm, he has
paraphrased, I think David is much more beholden to
him than Ovid, and as he treated the Roman like the Jew,
so he has made the Jew speak like a Roman.'
" THESE LETTERS of MR. POPE'S are in Two Volumes,
Price but 5s., and ought to be read in all Christian Fa-
milies.
" SPEEDILY will be publish'd FAMILIAR LETTERS. The
last Volume by Mr. POPE and Company. Price 2*. 6d."
So stood most probably the passage in the original
letter. But when it came to be revised for an
authorised edition, Trapp's name was altogether
omitted. For at p. 104. of The Works of Alex-
ander Pope, Esq. Vol. V. Consisting of Letters
wherein to those of the Author's own Edition, are
added all that are genuine from the former Impres-
sions, with some never before printed. London:
Printed for J. Roberts, MDCCXXXVII. ; as also in
Warburton's edition (1751), vol. vii. pp. 136
137, the concluding passage reads as follows :
" Yet I can assure you, I honour the good as much as
I detest the bad, and I think, tHat in condemning these,
we praise those. The translations from Ovid I have not
so good an opinion of as you, because I think they have
little of the main characteristic of this author, a graceful
easiness. For let the sense be ever so exactly render'd,
unless an author looks like himself, in his air, habit, and
manner, 'tis a disguise, and not a translation. But as to
the Psalm, I think David is much more beholden to the
translator than Ovid ; and as he treated the Roman like
a Jew, so he has made the Jew speak like a Roman."
But it is also curious that while the letter itself
is altogether omitted from Pope's acknowledged
edition, the 4to. of 1735, it occurs in Curll's
edition of Pope's Letters, published in that same
year, 1735 (vol. i. pp. 299, 300.), and also in the
edition "Printed and sold by the Booksellers of
London and Westminster, MDCCXXXV." (pp. 150,
151.), with another reading, making a third ver-
sion of this same passage :
" Yet I can assure you, I honor the good as much as I
detest the bad, and I think, that in condemning these,
we praise those. I am so far from esteeming even the
worst unworthy of my protection, that I have defended
their character (in Congreve's and Vanbrugh's Plays)
even against their own Brethren. And so much for
Priests in general, now for Trapp in particular, whose
Translations from Ovid I have not so good an opinion 
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