Index Supplement to the Notes and Queries, \vith No. 239, July 27, 1872.
NOTES AND QUERIES:
tm of Intercommunication
FOB
LITERAEY MEN, GENERAL READERS, ETC.
"When found, make a note of." CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
FOURTH SEEIES. VOLUME NINTH.
JANUARY JUNE 1872.
LONDON:
PUBLISHED AT THE
OFFICE, 43 WELLINGTON STKEET, STRAND, \V.C.
1872.
Index Supplement to the Notes and Queries, with No. 239, July 27, 1872.
AC,
2o
Ni
LIBRARY
728067
UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO
4th s. IX. JAN. G, 7-2.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
LONDON, SATURDAY, JANUARY G, 1872.
CONTENTS. NO 210.
ES : - The Queen's Letter, 1 - Napoleon on Board the
Northumberland, Ib. - A Sussex W as >aihns Son* 5-
The Birth-place of Em.ius, Ib - Three Letters written
bv Charles I. when Prince of Wales, on the Subject of his
Marria-i G - How to describe a Book, 8 - The Pocket-
dial ^Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex, 1593, 9 -Other
" Bine Bovs," 10 - Superstition in the German Array, Ib.
The "Scales of Justice" no longer a Fable Madame
de Genlis, &c., 11.
QUERIES: Was Anna Boleyn born in the Castle of Car-
rick-on-Siiir ? 13 Bargemen's Sons Charles I. s Waist-
coat Chowbent "Light Christmas" Cromwelliau
Era Rev. Henry Dodwell, Prebendary of Sarum and
Archdeacon of Berks Battle of Eycsham Unpublished
Letters of Edward Gibbon "Join Issue" Manors in
Beds and Salop Molesworth Medal Correspondance
de Napol6on I. Mrs. Stephens's Medicines H. Peere-
boom _ Taaffe Tipterers Abbot of Glastonbury's
Watch Unjust Weights " With Helmet ou his Brow"
Browne Willis, 13.
SEPLIES: " Goody Two Shoes " and the Nursery Litera-
ture of the last Century, 15- William Baliol, 17 -Weepers
Whiteacre Crest Doy;s buried at the Feet of Bishops
" Bif'rons, custos," &c. " Kemp " Printed Matter copied
Kidl.v-wink Change of Baptismal Name Briot Beer
Jug Inscriptions Rudstone Monolith Etymolozy of
" Karrowgate" Phenomenon of the Sun Antique Hearts
in Mediaeval Seals Curious Baptismal Names " Spf-el "
Curious Addresses on Letters" Les Snpercheries Litte-
raires D6voilees " : Harry Lorrequer " A Carrion Crow"
American State Nicknames Provincial Glossary
"Cast for Death." Hearth's "Modern Midnight Con-
versation " Printer's Errors. &c., 17.
Notes on Books, &c.
THE QUEEN'S LETTER.
As Dr. Johnson wisely said, " There are higher laws
than those of criticism ; " so England holds almost in
higher estimation than her time-honoured constitution
the sacred relations of Home Life. It was from thi
feeling that the whole nation sorrowed, as with one great
personal sorrow, with those who ministered around the
sick bed at Sandringham ; and the heart of England
beating in concord with those of the weeping Mothei
and afflicted Wife, joined in their prayers for the Prince's
recovery. England's remembrance of what she owed t<
the Queen for the manner in which, no less by precep
than example, she had maintained the purity of Englisl
Domestic Life, lent fervour to the Nation's prayers ; anc
their mutual sorrow served to strengthen the mutua
affection which has ever existed between the Queen anc
Her People.
How greatly Her Majesty has been moved by this dis-
play of public sympathy cannot be told so effectively a
in Her own graceful and grateful Letter :
"Windsor Castle, Dec. 26.
" The Queen is very anxious to express her deep
sense of the touching sympathy of the whole
nation on the occasion of the alarming illness o
her dear son, the Prince of Wales. The universa
feeling shown by her people during those painful
terrible days, and the sympathy evinced by them
r ith herself and her beloved daughter, the Prin-
ess of Wales, as well as the general joy at the
mprovement in the Prince of Wales's state, have
.iade aldeep and lasting impression on her heart
diich can never be effaced. It was, indeed,
othing new to her, for the Queen had met
with the same sympathy when just ten years ago
a similar illness removed from her side the xuain-
tay of her life, the best, wisest, and kindest of
lusbands.
"The Queen wishes to express at the same
ime on the part of the Princess of Wales her
feelings of heartfelt gratitude, for she has been
as deeply touched as the Queen by the great and
universal manifestation of loyalty and sympathy.
" The Queen cannot conclude without express-
ing her hope that her faithful subjects will con-
tinue their prayers to God for the complete recovery
of her dear son to health and strength."
We are sure we need offer no apology to our readers
for printing in these columns a document worthy alike
the Illustrious Lady by whom it is written, and of the
loyal and loving subjects to whom it is addressed.
NAPOLEON ON BOARD THE NORTHUMBER-
LAND.
[We are indebted to the kindness of LORD LYTTELTOH
for the opportunity of publishing the following interest-
ing notes of his father, the late Lord Lyttelton, of which
a very limited number of copies was printed for private
circulation in 1836 under the title of Some Account of
Napoleon Bonaparte's coming on Board H. J\f. S. tlie,
Northumberland, August 7, 1815 ; with Notes of Two Con-
versations held with him on that Day.~]
" ADVERTISEMENT.
"The rough notes from which the following .account
was drawn up were taken on the evening of the 7th,
under the correction of Lord Lowther, who witnessed
almost all that is described, and leaving the ship at the
same time with me, conversed with me on the subject,
and compared his recollections with mine, till we reached
our inn for the night, when we sat down, and committed,
them to paper in the best manner we could.
" LYTTELTON.
" Hagley, Oct. 1836."
11 Napoleon Bonaparte came on board the North-
umberland (74), off Torbay, at about one o'clock
in the afternoon of the 7th of August, 1815.
"I had the good fortune to be then in that
vessel, as a friend of Admiral Sir George Cock-
burn, whose flag she bore, and I was therefore at
liberty to post myself where 1 would, in order to
see what passed to the greatest advantage. I
took my station on the ladder leading up to the
poop, so as to look over the starboard bulwark, in
which direction Bonaparte was approaching ac-
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[i' h S. IX. JAX. G, 72.
companied by Lord Keith in the Tonnant's barge.
He sat to the left of Lord Keith, and I had there-
fore a clear view of his profile, which seemed to
me to be very like the common portraits of him,
with this difference only, that his cheek looked
broader, I thought, than I had ever seen it repre-
sented. I was too intent upon him to observe
which of his officers might be with him in the
boat 5 but Bertrand must have been there, since it
was he \\4ho first climbed up the Northumber-
land's side, and, standing with his hat oif ; - as
upright as a sentinel, to the right of the gang-way,
as he entered, announced his master. Bonaparte
followed very speedily, and presented himself very
well, taking off his hat instantly, and, with an
open air and smiling countenance, said to Sir
George Cockburn, who had advanced to receive
him, ' Monsieur, je suis a vos ordres.' He did not
halt an instant at the gangway, but coming for-
ward on the quarter-deck, desired to be introduced
to the captain of the ship (Ross), which ceremony
took place immediately, the marines who were
drawn up on the larboard side of the deck pre-
senting arms as he was coming up.
" Captain Ross not understanding a word of
French, it was merely a mutual 'salute, and Bona-
parte passed on towards the poop, under which
stood Colonel Sir George Bingham (of the 53rd
regiment, then going to St. Helena), Lord Low-
ther, the Honourable Edmund Byng, and an
officer of artillery, with whose name I am not
acquainted. These persons were successively in-
troduced to him by Sir George Cockburn. He
asked Sir George Binrrham what regiment he
belonged to, and where" he had served; to Lord
Lowther and Mr. Bvng he put a question or two
of no importance : for instance, what county they
came from ? whether they were going on shore,
and if so, whether to London ? and to the artil-
lery officer he said ' Je sors inoi-meme de ce corps
la,' or some such words. I was placed at the foot
of the ladder farther on to the left, and being a
little behind Bonaparte when he came up to the
poop, was not perceived either by him or the
admiral, and consequently was not introduced to
him. I stood, however, so near as to see and
hear distinctly much of what passed, and I saw
Bonaparte perfectly in front as he advanced, and
often afterwards in profile. During the whole
time he maintained the same cheerful, or, perhaps
I should rather say, gracious air, inclining him-
self a little towards those to whom he was speak-
ing, and smiling constantly. He had his hat off
all the time, and I remarked that the top of his
head was almost quite bald, and that his hair, of
a reddish brown colour, was long, rough, and, if
the expression may be permitted, dishevelled. As
for the expression of his countenance, I thought
it rather subtle than noble. His eyes had some-
thing of a haggard look, were somewhat dimmed,
I thought, and as though they might have been
originally very piercing, but that time and anxiety
had abated their fire.
" This is all that occurred to me on this my
first sight of Bonaparte, except that his com-
plexion appeared to nie not only sallow, but
sickly. After conversing for a very few minutes
with the people to whom he was introduced upon
the quarter-deck, finding himself near the cabin
door, he went in, attended by Lord Keith and Sir
George Cockburn, and passed on to the after-
cabin, followed by some of his officers, and I lost
sight of him for about an hour and a half.
During this period I have no account of his be-
haviour. Lord Keith and Sir George Cockburn
remained with him for a few minutes, and I do
not remember that I heard a syllable of what
passed on that occasion, unless it were that Bona-
parte desired that the lieutenants of the ship
might be introduced to him, which was done
some time afterwards, as I shall mention pre-
sently. Bonaparte's train consisted of General
Bertrand and his wife, Count and Countess Mon-
tholon, Monsieur Lascases, and General Gour-
gaud, who were to follow him to St. Helena, and
all these officers, with the above-mentioned ladies,
had arrived on board the Northumberland about
the same time as their master. As soon as Bona-
parte had disappeared, my attention was naturally
turned towards them, and I observed them all
pretty minutely. Bertrand, the only distinguished
man of the four followers of the fallen emperor,
renowned as he had been over all Europe for the
constancy of his attachment to Napoleon, was the
first object of my curiosity. My expectation was
in a great measure disappointed.
^ " To me neither his look nor his manner in-
dicated anything great or extraordinary. In
short, I think I should never have remarked him
at all, if I had not known the singular history of
the man. As to Montholou, Lascases, and Gour-
gaud, they are not worth describing. I think r
indeed, it would have been impossible to have
filled the scene with more inanimate and uninter-
esting personages.
"Bertrand alone seemed sometimes agitated,
and often looked haughty and angry ; but the rest
iad no expression at all, and wanted even the
owest tragic interest, that of simple grief.
"They all sat round a table in the fore-cabin,
writing ; and they were soon joined by L'Alle-
mand * and by several other officers who came to-
take leave of Bonaparte, and who were permitted
to remain there as long as they chose, both before
and after their last interview with their master.
Of these there were but few deserving any parti-
cular description. L'Allemand has a very dark,
* " Savary had taken leave of Bonaparte in the Belle-
rophon, so that I did not see him.
4 th S. IX. JAN. 6, '72.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
strong significant countenance ; and, I think, rather
a noble one. But there were two Poles, one of a
pretty advanced age, the other in the prime of
his youth, whose air and demeanour were exceed-
ingly striking.
"The elder, a venerable old man, of almost
gigantic stature, was altogether one of the most
singular and picturesque figures I ever beheld.
What with his martial air, the sadness but com-
posed gravity of his aspect, and the peculiar effect
of his Polish dress, reminding one, as it naturally
did, of the afflicting history of his much-injured
country, it was impossible to look without emo-
tion on this noble veteran, thus following his
adopted sovereign in the last extremities of his
fortune, and enduring as it were a second exile for
his sake. The appearance of the younger man, who
either felt more or was less able to control the ex-
pression of his feelings, was moving in the extreme.
He had nothingreniarkable in his figure or features;
but his grief and the agony he endured at being
forced away from Bonaparte surpassed any sufter-
ing I ever witnessed, and were irresistibly affect-
ing. They both went up to Lord Keith, entreating
to be allowed to go to St. Helena, the elder with
an earnest, but with a manly and settled look ;
the young man, openly in tears, urging his re-
quest over and over again, long after the other
had given up his as hopeless, and saying in the
most piteous manner, 'Si je renonce a mon
grade.'
" He wanted to be allowed to pass as a servant,
the number of officers permitted to accompany
Bonaparte being complete. When he found that
all his entreaties were in vain, he seemed to be
plunged into a state of distraction, his eyes were
almost overflowing with tears, he clenched his
Polish cap convulsively in one hand, and kept
perpetually touching his brow with the other,
talking to himself, and running from one port-
hole to another with such a look of wild despair,
that I thought he would have flung himself over-
board. His name was Pentowsky or something
like it not Poniatowsky.
" To my great delight, I heard soon afterwards
that our government had given orders that this
faithful and affectionate creature should be
allowed to go to St. Helena with Sir Hudson
Lowe.
u As for the ladies' Madame Bertrand and Ma-
dame Montholon, never were there two people
more completely different in look and manner.
Madame Bertrand, who had behaved with great
violence in the Bellerophon, seemed rather ex-
hausted than pacified, and had a look of great
irritation and impatience. She is a tall, thin
woman, with an aquiline nose, very like Lord
Dillon, to whom she is, I believe, rather nearly
related. Madame Montholon, on the other hand,
had all the quiet resignation that so well becomes
her sex, and one could not help sympathizing
with her sufferings so meekly borne. She is a
pretty woman, of a sweet and intelligent coun-
tenance.
" With regard to the rest of the suite of Bona-
parte who came to take leave of him on board
the Northumberland, it consisted chiefly of very
young men (officiers ffordonnance, I believe,) in
gay uniforms, who did not even affect much
sorrow, and I suppose had little reason for much
personal attachment to their chief. The surgeon
who refused to follow him I did not see ; he was
not forthcoming when the others were getting
into the boat to leave the ship, and it was sup-
posed he had slipped away, and perhaps evaded
an interview which must have been peculiarly
disagreeable to him.
" From obvious reasons of delicacy, we were
none of us present at the parting scene, and I
never heard a syllable relating to it. It was not
till half an hour after it had closed, a space dur-
ing which Bonaparte had sufficient time to collect
his spirits if they had been agitated, that I was
introduced into the cabin in which he was, and
conversed with him for the first time. But the
circumstances of this introduction ought to be
stated.
" Every body knows that Bonaparte was re-
ceived as an emperor by Captain Maitland, who
gave up to him the after-cabin, where he was not
to be intruded upon by any unbidden guest ; on
board the Northumberland, matters were to be
placed on a different footing, and although he was
allowed a small cabin to himself, the great cabin
which had been exclusively his in the Bellero-
phon was now to be shared by the admiral and
his friends. In this latter character, I had a right
of admission there, and Sir George Cockburn deter-
mined to assert the new rule by taking me,
together with Sir George Bingham and Lord
Lowther, into the cabin at the time he introduced
his lieutenants, and leaving us there when that
ceremony was over. This took place accordingly
at the period above-mentioned. Lord Lowther,
by the bye, was not in the way at the moment,
and did not come in till a few minutes later.
11 The introduction of the lieutenants was suffi-
ciently ridiculous j there were eight of them, not
one of whom could speak a word of French, so
that on being drawn up in line on one side of the
cabin, and having for about a minute gazed and
smiled at Bonaparte, who smiled and gazed in his
turn, they all bowed and defiled before him, or,
in plain English, walked off. Then Cockburn
said to Bingham and myself, ' Won't you sit
down ? ' and left us there vis-a-vis to Bonaparte,
who never having seen me before, and not knowing
what to make of a man in a brown coat, who for
aught he knew might be the admiral's servant,
up a little and looking rather
said, drawing
NOTES AXD QUERIES.
. IX. JAN. G, 72.
sternly at me, 'Qui etes-vous?' I answered,*
k Monsieur le General, je m'appelle Lyttelton, je
suis parent et ami de 1'Amiral.' Bonaparte, 'Etes-
vous du bord ?' Lyttelton, 'Non, je ne suis pas
marin.' B. ' Vous etes done ici par curiosite ? '
L. ' Om, Monsieur le General, je ne connois aucun
objet plus digne d'exciter la curiosite que celui
qui m'a amene ici.' B. 'De quel comte etes-
vous?' L. 'Du comte de "Worcester.' B. ' On
est-il ? est-il loin d'ici ? ' L. f Oui, Monsieur le
General, au centre du royaume.' It was at this
time, I think, that I said, ' Nous esperons de ne
pas vous gener, Monsieur le General ' : of which
remark he took no notice. After this, if I re-
member right, there was a short pause, during
which Bonaparte looked at us rather bitterly, and
showed some signs of uneasiness at our presence.
He then addressed himself to Sir George Biug-
ham, and asked him some common-place ques-
tions concerning the number of companies, &c. in
his regiment, and how many years he had served
in Spain, to which Bingham answered with diffi-
culty in French. Bonaparte turned again to me,
and asked me whether the wind was fair for sail-
ing, and some other trifling questions about the
anchorage in which we lay, to which I replied as
I might. During this time Lord Lowther came
in, and Bonaparte soon asked him the usual ques-
tions : to what county he belonged, l Ou sont vos
terres ? ' to which Lowther also made answers not
fluently, so that the conversation presently re-
turned to me. Bonaparte asked tne a great deal
about our hunting, especially our fox hunting:
whether we turned out all our hounds at once, or
whether we had relays of hounds, &c. He then
said, 'Vous parlez bien le Fran9ois.' L. { Je me
suis un pen exerce a parler Francois, ayant beau-
coup voyage.' B. l Avez-vous voyage en France ? '
L. 'Tres-peu, Monsieur le General; vous savez
que pendant maintes annees il n'etoit pas permis
a un Anglois de traverser la France, nous y etions
de contrebande' with a little more not worth
stating, since it led to nothing, for I think another
pause occurred here, shortly before which, Ber-
trand had come in, and having placed himself
behind Bonaparte a little on one side, just as the
lord in waiting stands behind the king, he looked
ut us du haut en bas with a very significant and
rather haughty air, of which the English seemed
to be l What business have you here ? ' Bertrand
then went out again, and Bonaparte turned round,
and looked out through his spying-glass for a
couple of minutes, during which Bingham was
extremely uneasy, and pulling me by the sleeve,
* " I cannot, of course, be quite sure of the very words
I used in every instance in the following conversations,
nor of those used by Bonaparte ; but I am quite sure
that the substance is always faithfully given ; and the
more prominent observations of Bonaparte are all, I be-
lieve, quite accurately reported.
said, in a whisper, ( For God's sake say something
to him, if it be but about a dog or a cat.' I pro
mised him I would, and when Bonaparte turned
about again, I asked him if he recollected Lord
Ebrington, a relation of Lord Grenville's ; to
which he answered yes, and said he was a
' brave hornme ; ' then I mentioned Vernon to
him; he hesitated and said, ' Catholique ? ' I re-
plied, 'No, sir, you are thinking of Silvertop,' on
which he said yes, and laughed a good deal, but
made no remark. Of Douglas, whom I named last
to him, he said that he was a clever man. Fie
then enquired whether this name of Douglas was
not a great name; to which I assented, and told
him briefly who the chief Douglasses were.
"Next he asked whether there was not a Douglas
much distinguished in Parliament, and whether
it was the Douglas he had seen. We assured
him (for Lord Lowther took a part here) that he
was mistaken, and that neither Mr. Frederick
Douglas nor any other person of that name had
made a figure in the House of Commons.* About
this time I think Lord Lowther informed Bona-
parte that I was a member of Parliament, where-
upon he desired to know whether I was ' du parti de
1'opposition.' L. ( Ma conscience nr oblige souvent
de donner mon suffrage contre les ministres du
roi ; on est libre chez nous, et il faut agir selon ce
que Ton croit etre de 1'interet de la patrie.' B.
' Avez-vous fait des discours au Parlement ? '
L. 'Quelques mechantes harangues.' B. 'M.
Whitbread n'est-il pas mort ? ' L,' Oui, Monsieur
le General.' B. ' Quelle a ele la cause de sa mort ? '
L. ( II s'est donne la mort.' B. ( Comment ? '
L. l Je veux dire qu'il s'est tue, il etoit derange.'
B. ' Derange d'esprit ? ' L. ' Old.' B. ' Etoit-ce
ce que vous appeiez le spleen ? ' I told him no,
that he exaggerated this English complaint, the
spleen, as I knew foreigners in general did, and I
added, t M. Whitbread etoit fou, a telles enseignes
qu'il croyoit que tout le monde lui en vouloit, le
regardoit d'un air de mepris, et conspiroit contre
lui.' B. ' De quelle maniere s'est-il tue ? ' L. ' II
s'est coupe la gorge d'un rasoir.' To this Bona-
parte made no answer, nor gave any sign of feel-
ing whatever about it, but very shortly after asked,
'Qui sera son successeur au Parlement? Pon-
sonby ? ' L. ' Non, Monsieur le General, Mr.
Ponsonby est un homme distingue, et dont les
talens sont du premier ordre, rnais je ne crois pas
qu'il soit qualifie pour succeder a M. Whitbread.
Vous savez, Monsieur le General, que ce n'est pas
si facile de remplacer les grands hornme?.' Here
Bonaparte seemed to me by his look slightly to
acknowledge the compliment.
* " Mr. Heber afterwards suggested to me that Bona-
parte had been reading the English newspapers lately,
and had perhaps observed that speech of Mr. Douglas in
which he recommended the annihilation of the French
army.'
4* S. IX. JAN. 6, 7-2.]
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
After an instant's pause, I continued, and told
him I thought Brougham the likeliest man to
supply Whitbread's place; but that it must^be
some time before he could win the same reputation
or acquire in the same degree the public con-
fidence. He then asked when, and in what
manner, Mr. Brougham had distinguished himself,
and I told him chiefly in the debates on the orders
in council; on his enquiring whether then he
were very eloquent, I attempted to describe the
character of his eloquence.
" Bonaparte finished by asking whether Whit-
bread were not related to Lord Grey, and I told
him he was, and in what degree. We talked of
Lord Grey's eloquence, the style of which I had
to describe, but not a word was said of his
politics.
"In the course of this conversation (I cannot
remember at what period) Bonaparte asked
whether I knew Captain Usner, whom he called
t tres-brave homme,' and Bertrand said something
to the same effect. I told him I did, and had
very lately seen him in the Isle of Wight. Ber-
trand put in here that he had read in the English
papers that Usher had been ' commissaire d'un
bal ' at Hyde, at which they both laughed a little,
and I said, ' Le capitain est ban pour entrer- en
danse, cornme pour entrer en combat.' I con-
cluded by telling him that Usher always spoke
of him with great respect, and valued highly the
snuff-box with his portrait on it which he had
given him. This is, I think, nearly all that
passed, except that he once asked us all three
whether we were married, to which we answered
severally according to our cases. But he made
no observation whatever on the information he
received, rather to our surprise, and I was obliged
to make a bad joke or two on Lowther's bache-
lorship, l that I suspected him to be somewhat of
a rake/ or some such trash, in order to keep up
the ball. When the conversation had lasted half
an hour, I felt a scruple about staying any longer
in the cabin, into which we had been brought for
the purpose stated above of asserting our privi-
lege to be there, an object which seemed then to
be sufficiently attained. It would have been
unmanly, I thought, to have remained any longer
than was necessary for the purpose in question,
since our stay was evidently distressing to the
dethroned emperor.
[To be continued.]
A SUSSEX WASSAILING SONG.
The following song is perhaps worthy of a
place in " N. & Q." at this season of the year, as
it is one of a class fast falling into oblivion. I
took it down some few years since at Hurstpier-
point in Sussex, from the singing- of an old farmer
who had learnt it in his youth. I have since
heard fragments of it in different parts of Sussex,
but the present version is the most complete I
have yet obtained. I may add, that a copy of it
is given in Old English Songs as now sung by the
Peasantry of the Weald of Surrey and Sussex.
This interesting work was privately printed in
1843 by the Rev. Mr. Broadwood, and is now
very rare. The tune is a jovial one in the major
key, evidently of some antiquity. In Mr. Broad-
wood's collection the words are given to the old
minor carol tune, " God rest ye, merry gentle-
men " :
" A wassail, a wassail, a wassail, we begin,
With sugar-plum and cinamon, and other spices in ;
With a wassail, a wass;iil, a jolly wassail,
And may joy come to you, and "to our wassail !
" Good master and good mistress, as you sit by the fire,
Consider us poor wassailers, who travel through the
mire,
With a wassail, fcc.
" Good master and good mistress, if you will be but
willing,
Come send us out your eldest son with a sixpence or a
shilling 1 ,
With a wassail, c.
j." Good master and good mistress, if thus it should you
please,
Come send us out some white loaf, likewise your
Christmas cheese,
With a wassail, &c.
" Good master and good mistress, if you will so incline,
Come send us out some roast beef, likewise your Christ-
mas chine,
With a wassail, &c.
" If you've any maids within your house, as I suppose
you've none,
They wouldn't let us stand a- wassailing so long on this
cold stone,
With a wassail, &c.
" For we've wassail'd all this day long, and nothing we
could find,
Except an owl in an ivy bush, and her we left behind,
With a wassail, &c.
" We'll cut a toast all round the loaf, and set it by the
lire,
We'll wassail bees and apple trees, unto your heart's
desire,
With a wassail, &c.
" Our purses they are empty, our purses they are thin,
They lack a little silver to line them well within,
With a wassail, &c.
" Hang out your silken kerchief upon your golden spear,
We'll come no more a- wassailing until another year,
With a wassail, &c."
EDWARD F. RIMBA.ULT.
THE BIRTH-PLACE OF ENNKJS.
Rhudise, the birth-place of this poet (born
B.C. 239), is interesting to the scholar who is
travelling over the Japygian peninsula, and was
the only object that brought me to Lecce, the
capital of the province of Otranto. Lecce is the
site of the ancient Lupias or Sybaris, known to
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
[4"' S. IX. JAM. G. 72.
classical scholars as the spot where Augustus
resided for some days after his return to Italy, on
hearino- O f the murder of Julius Cresar on the ides
of March, B.C. 44 (Appian. Civ. Bel iii. 10), not
venturing to advance to Brundusium till he ^ re-
ceived fresh information from Rome.^ No ancient
remains are now visible, nor indeed is there any-
thing to interest a stranger except perhaps the
church of Santa Croce and an antique column in
the public square said to have been brought from
Brundusium, having on its summit S. Oronzio, the
patron saint of Lecce. Verrio, a native of Lecce,
has adorned many of the churches with his paint-
ings: he was employed, I believe, in England,
where his staircases and ceilings are much ad-
mired. Where are they found ? One of the gates
of Lecce is called Porta di Rugge, and this was
to me the most interesting point connected with
Lecce, as it led to Rhudia3. Horace (Carm. iv. 8,
20) speaks enthusiastically of the " Calabrse Pie-
rides," and Ovid (Art. Am. iii. 409) speaks in the
same high strain :
" Ennius emeruit, Calabris in montibus ortus,
Contiguus poni, Scipio magne, tibi."
About a mile from the town there is a spot
covered with olive-trees, called Rugye, and here it
is believed that the celebrated poet was born.
There are no ruins, but an inscription was found
here speaking of "Municipes Rudini." (Orell.
.3858.) At the same time it must be allowed that
Ovid is at fault when he speaks of mountains, as
there is nothing within thirty miles of Lecce that
can be so called. This has led some to look for
Rhudise farther north, and as the Tabula gives a
village Rudce twelve miles W. of Rubi on the
road to Canusium, it is not impossible that it may
be the spot where Ennius was born. Though I
did not get close to it, I was sufficiently near to
say that it is situated in Puglia Pietrosa, and there-
fore Ovid's description would be better suited to
it than to the grove of olive-trees near Lecce.
As I have had occasion to refer to Lecce, it
reminds me that MR. BATES (4 th S. v. 435), in
answering MR. J. DIXON'S query (4 th S. v. 360)
respecting Lysiensis, states that he believes that
Thomas Geminus was a native of Lecce, hence
called Lysiensis. This I doubt very much, as I
find in my notes some old Latin inscriptions copied
at Lecce, where Lyciensis, and never Lysiensis, is
constantly employed. This is the natural deriva-
tive from Lycium, which was its Latin name in
med'ceval times. Galateo speaks of the "populus
Lupiensis," referring to the inhabitants of Lecce.
In fact Thomas Geminus, if he had been a native
of Lecce, would have designated himself Lupien-
sis, as this was the Latin expression that would
be used by an educated man when speaking of his
native place.
Then MR. BATES quotes from Adam Clarke to
the effect that " the quadragesimal sermons of
Robert Caracciolo, bishop of Lecce, was printed
at Lecce." Is it possible that Lecce could have
had a printing press at that early period (1490),
only twenty years after its establishment at the
Sorbonne in Paris ? No doubt two hundred years
later books were printed there, as my edition of
Galateo De Situ Japygia is dated " Lycii 1727,"
and printing is still carried on, as I have just
procured an interesting little work dated '' Lecce,
1870." It is
" Studi sui Dialetti Greci della Terra d' Otranto del
Prof. Dott. Giuseppe Morosi, preceduto da una raccolta
di Canti, Leggende, Proverb! e Indovinelli nei dialetti
medesimi."
Then I would ask whether Robert Caracciolo
was ever bishop of Lecce ? I believe him to have
been a native of Lecce, but bishop of Aquino, the
birth-place of Juvenal. He was the author of
the SpeccTiio della Fede, and on his tomb is found
the following inscription by Hermolaus Barbaras,
which is quoted by Battista Pacichelli in his
work lying before me, entitled II Reyno di Xapoli
in Prospettiva, Napoli, 1703 :
"Maximus Ecclesiae ceu Paulus praeco Rnbor
Quinquaginta annos Concionatus obit :
Caracciolus fuerat Lyciensis, Press-id Aq>
Hoc tectus tumulo, corpore, mente, polo.''
His contemporary, Pcntanus, says of him,
" Nemo post Paulum Tarsensem melius Ruberto
Lyciensi divina tractavit eloquia."
CRAUFTJRD TAIT RAVAGE.
THREE LETTERS WRITTEN BY CHARLES I
WHEN PRINCE OF WALES, ON THE SUBJECT.
OF HIS MARRIAGE.
On April 5, 1624, Charles, then Prince of Wales,
gave a solemn promise to the two Houses of Par-
liament, confirming it with an oath
"That whensoever it should please God to bestow upon,
him any lady that were Popish, she should have no further
liberty'but for her own family, and no advantage to the
recusants at home." (Commons' Journals, \. 756.)
As everyone knows, this oath was broken, but,
as far as I am aware, no one has inquired what
evidence there is as to whether he was guilty of
telling a deliberate falsehood to Parliament, or
whether he merely changed his mind.
There is, however, very strong evidence to show
that when the words were uttered, Charles meant
what he said. The despatches of the French
ambassador, Tillieres, are full of references to the
infatuation of the English Court in supposing that
the marriage with Henrietta Maria could be had
on these terms. When Carlisle went to join Ken-
sington in negotiating the marriage in France, he
carried with him instructions answering to the
Prince's engagement, which had indeed been con-
firmed by the king in his answer given on April 23
to the petition of the two houses for the execution
of the laws against the recusants :
S. IX. JAS.
NOTES AND QUERIES.
Because," wrote James, " it can neither be honour
nor contentment to either part that a treaty of marriage
should be long travned on, you may resolve them att the
lirst that the constitution of our estate cannot beare any
generall change or alteracion in our ecclesiasticall or tem-
porall lawes touching religion, for so much as concerns our
owne subjects. And if it shalbe objected to you that wee
consented to great liberties to our owne subjects in the
articles of the treatie of marriage betwixt Spaine and us,
you may show them that, in the first project of that treatie,
the articles were neither demaunded by them nor consented
to by us to any such extention, although the greatness of
the portion might have challenged or seemed to have
mooved us to the approoving of some extraordinary con-
ditions. But that which indeed inlarged us in that point
was the promises made, and the hope we conceived of the
restitucion of the Palatinat. And we the rather inclined
to lardger conditions for the tender respect we had not to
make our sonne's journey thither vayn, nor to suffer him
to returne with a scorne, if more than was convenient for
us to do, and all that were possible might have prevented
it. You may further represent to that king the modesty
wee used in the time of his endeavours to reduce all those
of the reformed religion to the condicion of his will, and
then you may shewehim that the example of his pretend-
ing for liberty to our Romaine Catholique subjects may
and ought to "teach us to doe the like for the Protestants
his subjects, and with greater reason and pretext, they
having a kinde of legall interest in the fruition of their
consciences and exercise of theire consciences, and exer-
cise of theire religion .... there being noe such thing in
the case of our Romaine Catholique subjects. Neither
can it bee doubted, when our piety and lenity shall bee
examined wherewith wee have treated our Romaine
Catholique subjects ever since our coming to this Crowne,
but that it is a just allegation that, for our owne safety,
suerty of our state, and for the safety of the Romaine
Catholiques our subjects, wee may not dissolve or generally
suspend our lawes concerning 'them. For when they
shall have the raynes losed to them, they may by abuse
of favor and liberty constrayne us (contrary "to our
naturall affeccions, to deale with them with more rigour
than wee are inclined too ; soe as wee may not article for
dispensation and liberty to our Romaine Catholique sub-
jects, but hould the raynes of those lawes in our owne
gratious hands. And you may assure that King and his
ministers, that in contemplacion of that marriage, wee
shalbe the rather inclined to use our subjects Roman
Catholicks with all favour, soe long as they shall behave
themselves moderately and keeping their consciences to
themselves, shall use their conversacion without scan-
dall." *
As long as La Vieuville was in oilice in France,
every elibrt was made to conciliate James. It is
true that he was told that the French would not
be content with a verbal engagement not to per-
secute, but must have a written promise. But La
Vieuville was one of those men who do not like to
look difficulties in the face, and on June 14, Car-
lisle wrote that
" They do here let fall unto us that though they are
bound to make these high demands for their own honour,
the satisfaction of those of the Catholic party, and par-
ticularly for the facilitating of the dispensation at Rome,
yet it will be always in your Majesty's power to put the
same in execution according to your own pleasure."!
* Draft of Instructions, Harl. MS. 1584, fol. 10.
t State Papers. France.
By Charles, at least, the first sign that more
would be asked than he had offered was received
with dissatisfaction. On June 6, Tillieres wrote
that an emissary whom he had employed to the
Prince "1'a trouvS forte dur, et avec peu de
dessein de satisfaire a la France aux points les
plus essentiels."' Under these circumstances La
Vieuville allowed Kensington to go over to Eng-
land offering to agree to a middle course. James
would not be asked to make a formal engage-
ment; but let him write a letter embodying his
intentions. To this James consented; but his
concession was useless. La Vieuville, who, it is
said, had taken the step of asking for the letter
without informing his master, was turned out of
office and succeeded by Richelieu. Richelieu was
firm. A formal article he must have, or there
would be no marriage at all.
Here James was firm. A letter might convey
his meaning in any form he pleased. An article
was a direct breach of his son's promises. His
arguments may fairly be taken from a later de-
spatch of Con way's :
" His Majestic," wrote the Secretary about the 25 th of
September " cannot bee wonne to any more in lardge-
nes of promise or other forme, it being apparant to all
this kingdome what promise the Prince hath made and
the King approved, not to enter into articles or conditions
with an}- other Prince for the emunityes of his subjects
Romaine Catholiques, that beeing indeede to part his
soveraignity, and give a portion of it to another King,
and teache his people relyance upon a forraigne Prince,
by whose favour they enjoy freedome and liberty." *
But James had a formidable difficulty to con-
tend with. The new French ambassador, Effiat,
a second Gondomar in knowledge of the world and
in diplomatic skill, had completely won over
Buckingham to his side, and Buckingham finally
brought James over, reluctant as he was.
Charles's conversion may be gradually traced in
three letters, the originals of which are all amongst
the French State Papers at the Record Office,
the first of them Laving been printed incorrectly
from a copy in the Clarendon State Papers (vol. ii.
chap, ix.) They are all to the Earl of Carlisle.
The first, written on August 13, was as follows :
;< Carlile, The chanses which you (propheticlie) fore-
towld of the Courte of France lies much astoniched us
hi-re ; but, most of all, the French King's disavouing of
his ministers f, w ch , for mine owen parte, hes made me a
St. Thomas for bfliving of anie good ishew of your nego-
tiation. If you fynd they persist in this new way that
they have begunn in making an article for our Roman
Jatholiq subjects, dallie no more with them, but breake
rfe the treatie of marriage, keeping the frendshipe in as
laire tearmes as ye can. And, belive it, ye will have as
greate honnor with breaking upon these tearmes J, as
* Harl. MS. 1588, fol. 2GG.
f I. e. disavowing the offer made by La Vieuville
;hrough Kensington.
Charles originally wrote " with this fickle nation,"
but carefully deleted the words with his pen. In the copy
"n the Clarendon State Paper?, they are left standing.
8
NOTES AND QUERIES.
S. IX. J.var. 6, 72.
with making the alliance. Yet use what Industrie you
can to reduce them to reason, for I respect the person of
the ladie as being a worthie creature, iitt to bee my
wvfe. But as ye love me, put it to a quike ishew on
way or other, and what event soever the business shall
have, I shall ever reraaine
" Your constant loving friend,
" CHARLES P.
< ; Uuftbrd, the 13 of August, 1(321."
The next letter is couched in a marvellously
different tone. It was written on September 9,
the French having conceded nothing, and the
situation otherwise remaining unchanged :
"Carlile, If the answers to your despaches com[e]
not so fast as you desyer, or as (it may be) th[e] busi-
ness requyres," blame me not, for the King [and] espe-
cially ou/Committie are so slow, that if it [were] not
for me, I thinke we should be twice as [long] on
causes which led to Charles's resolution to break
his promise is a story too long to tell here, Tout
there can be no doubt that he intended to keep it
at least up to August 13.
SAMUEL R. GARDINER.
sers t[hat | the least streching more breakes the stri[_ng],
and then Spaiue will lafe at us both. So I rest
" Your constant loving frend
' CHARLES P.
" I know ye looke for thakes for what ye have done,
but although ye deserve it now, ye shall have none while
all be done, and then ye shall have as much as your
bake can beare.
" Whythall, the 9 of Sep. 1624."
For all this, the string bore more stretching
without breaking. For more than a month, James
giving way step by step in matters of detail, held
out on the main point. Let the final result be
told in Charles's own words. The third letter was
written on October 19 :
" Carlile, Your despach with Larking* gave us anuffe
adoe to keepe all things from an unrecoverable breache,
for my father at lirst itartled verrie much at it, and.
would scarce heer of reason, which made me feare that
his aversuess was built upon som hope of good overtures
from Gondomar (who they say is to be shortlie heer,
tho I beleeve it not), which made [me] deale plainlie
Avith the King, telling him I could never mach with
Spain, and so intreated him to fynd a fitt mach for me.
Though he was a littel angrie at iirst at it, yet afterward
he allo\ved our opinions to be reason, which befor he re-
jected ; so that now I hope all dificulties on both sydes
be overcum. The King cals for me, so I rest
" Your loving constant frend,
" CHARLES P.
" Itoyston: the 19 of 8 ber , 1C24."
It was a natural consequence of this resolution
that Parliament, which James had promised to
summon in November, was prorogued, and that
accordingly there was no money to provide for
MansfeliTs troops, who were consequently left to
starve. Yet when Charles met his first" Parlia-
ment next year, he had nothing to say except
that it had drawn him into the war and must
find him means to carry it on. What were the
* Letter of the i;Jth by Lorkin telling of the refusal
of the French to promise formally to make a league
with England for the recovery of the Palatinate bv
means of Mansfekl's troops.
HOW TO DESCRIBE A BOOK.
I have for some years past been annoyed, to use
a mild term, by the excessive carelessness which
the contributors of " N. & Q." exhibit when they
have occasion to mention the title of a book.
Whether for the purpose of asking the name of
an author of an anonymous work, or citing a book
for reference, want of accuracy is their chief cha-
racteristic. So far as giving exact references to
editions and pages, the Editor has pretty well
schooled us into accuracy, but the title of a book
is a different matter. I need not cite instances in
support of this assertion: every number bears
evidence of it.
Though I have entitled this note " How to
describe a Book," it would have perhaps been
more accurate, but not so interesting, to have
simply put the word " Bibliography " ; for it is
upon several moot points regarding bibliographical
matters that I wish to comment.
It seems to me a pity that a science which is be-
coming so popular and universal as the knowledge
of books and proper manner of describing them
should be encumbered with unwieldy words like
bibliography, bibliographical, biographical, anony-
mous, anonymity, pseudonymous, and others of
equally portentous sound. The unlearned (and
profitable) trades are blessed with words to de-
scribe their tools and productions which are intel-
ligible to the meanest capacity.
The less profit the longer "words appears to be
the rule. If we garden we use a spade, a hoe, an
axe, a barrow, a rake ; if we row, a scull, an oar ;
if we speculate, we have money, stock, funds ;
even if we go to law, we have bills of costs. Ob-
serve the simplicity of these words. Yet, if we
study to make proper lists of books, we cannot
get on without words of ten to fifteen letters. I
make these remarks as they occur to me, without
however any expectation of altering the nomen-
clature, though such a thing has not unfrequently
been done, and everybody will recollect the storm
in a tea-cup that was aroused by the shortening
of the words telegraphic despatch to telegram.
How to describe a book is so simple a matter that
most people go wrong, quite unconsciously of
course. Everybody thinks he understands a thing
so simple, just as nearly everybody and at all
events all literary men think they know all about
cataloguing and libraries because they are literary
men. Ample evidence will be found, in support
of this assertion in the blue book or* the library
of the British Museum. The fact is, unless a
4 th S. IX. JAN. 6, '72.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
9
man has taken the trouble to study bibliography a
little, he is never sure that he is giving such a
description of a book as will enable another per-
son to identify it.
Professor De Morgan, in his evidence before the
commission on the British Museum (1850, 5729),
gays :
" I know very few mathematicians indeed that T would
trust to Hve me an accurate account of a mathematical
book. Unless they have paid special attention to biblio-
graphy as bibliography, the3 T are very likely indeed to
give erroneous accounts of books."
The learned mathematician spoke of mathema-
ticians because he was so learned that he was
prevented from using generalities when of his
own knowledge he could only speak as to mathe-
maticians, but what he says applies to all. Mr.
Bolton Corney, in his excellent pamphlet On the
Neiv General Biographical Dictionary (London :
Shoberl, 1839, 8vo), pointed out the prevalence of
this fault.
It is generally admitted, I believe, at least it is
laid dowu^Dy a gentleman whom I may consider
nn authority (Art of making Catalogues, $c. [by
Dr. Crestadoro]) that five things at least are
necessary to describe a book with a tolerable
amount of certainty title, name of author, place,
date, and size. This is for a catalogue of a library ;
but catalogues of libraries, when done at all (and I
believe no large library in the world has yet got
a complete catalogue), are with few exceptions
done badly, and upon a low bibliographical standard.
To the five things above-mentioned I should add,
as not the least important, the publisher's name.
It is so manifest that all these six things are
essential to the proper description of a book, that
I shall not give one word of argument in their
support. But for a bibliographical description it
may be necessary to add the number of pages, the
price, where printed, and any peculiarity. It is
not sufficient, however, to give these particulars
alone, they must be given in the order in which
they occur on the title-page, and (here is where
nearly everybody sins the most) nothing what-
ever must be interpolated between the first word
of the title and the last. It is bad bibliography to
put <' 8vo " before the date, as " 8vo, 1871." It
is difficult to explain this part of my subject
without an illustration. Let us suppose the'fol-
lowing information sent, and the manner of it is
no exaggeration :
" Sir, Seeing that you are collecting, with a
view to publication, names of authors of the nine-
teenth century, I beg to say that I was well ac-
quainted with Miss Seaman, who died .about the
year 1830, a notice of whom you will find in the
Hyde papers. She wrote Some Observations on
Girls' Schools and Boarding Schools, but whether
with her name or not I forget. Also, about 1822
was published by Smith of London an interesting
religious tale called Lily, and in IGmo, 1825, a
capital little work on the choice of books, with
advice about Miss Edgeworth's novels."
It will be evident to any one that the whole of
the above requires verification a labour of hours,
perhaps days, which might have been saved by
a little knowledge on the part of our informant.
On investigation it appears, then, that our in-
formant has scarcely given a single date or title
correctly 1. Miss Seaman died in 1829, not 1830 ;
2. The reference to the Hyde papers is useless, as
too wide for verification and inaccessible ; 3. The
title of each of her works is given from recollec-
tion, or rather from no recollection, and they are
all incorrect ; 4. The titles are made up ; 5.
Words not in the title-pages are interpolated
without notice ; 6. The size of the book is placed
before the date i. e. it is interpolated, and in fact
everything is reversed. But I shall best be able
to show what is wanted and how it should be
done by giving the above information correctly,
which I must reserve for another note.
OLPHAR HAMST.
1 THE POCKET-DIAL OF ROBERT DEVEREUX,
EARL OF ESSEX, 1593.
In Mr. Bruce's elaborate paper on this curious
article- read before the Society of Antiquaries
on the 4th of May, 1865, and published with a
plate in the Archaologia (vol. xl. part ii. p. 344
et seq.}, it is stated that the history of the dial-
clock or watch after the earl's death is unknown.
It appears from Jardine's Criminal Trials (vol. c.
pp. 371-2, 12mo, 1832) that the three divines who
attended the Earl of Essex in prison were Thomas
Montford, William Barlow, and Abdie Ashton,
the last-named being the earl's favourite chap-
lain, and one who acconipanied'him to the scaffold.
William Barlow is clearly the individual stated
by Mr. Bruce to be a clergyman, son of Bishop
Barlow of Chichester, and the learned author of
a scientific book on the mariner's compass, called
The Navigator's Supply (4to, Lond. 1597), which
he dedicated to the Earl of Essex. Abdie Ashton
(for whom see " N. & Q." 2 nd S. viii. 1859), Fel-
low of St. John's College, Cambridge (omitted
by the Coopers), was the second of the seven sons
>f the Rev. John Ashton, Rector of Middleton,
Lancashire, and is named in the Journal of Nicholas
AsJieton of Uownham, Esq., in 1617, edited by
me for the Chetharn Society in 1848. In an
abstract of his will, which is dated Middleton,
August 27, 1633, the following interesting legacy
occurs, and is printed in a note in Assheton's
Journal; and there can be little doubt that it
refers to the identical pocket-dial made by Kyn-
win, described with so much accuracy by Mr.
10
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[4"> S. IX. JAX. 6, 72.
Bruce, and which formerly belonged to the Earl
of Essex :
" I give to my Cosen and Pntron, Raphe Assheton of
Middleton, Esq.," my best Jewell, my Watch, or Pocket
Clocke, given unto me by my most honourable Lorde, my
Lorde of Essexe, the morning before his death."
F. R. R.
Milnrow Vicarage, Rochdale.
OTHER "BLUE BOYS."
It is so common to call the portrait of any boy
in a blue dress a " Blue Boy," that unless each
case is closely investigated it is much easier to be
misled, as Jackson may have been about Buttall's
"Blue Boy," and as Fulcher was about Ford's
" Blue-coat Boy," than to obtain the right de-
scription, as we have experienced. Sketches also
pass as " Blue Boys," no matter what size; and
photographs, engravings, and chromos of the
Grosvenor "Blue Boy" are now rather a nume-
rous family.
The sketch which formerly belonged to the
Bishop of Ely was sold at Christie's in 1864, and
if we are rightly informed, it was afterwards re-
stored to resemble the Grosvenor " Blue Boy " as
much as possible, and then sold to Lord Elcho
when its originality was gone. Whether this
sketch subsequently entered the Grosvenor Gal-
lery as an original one by Gainsborough or not
we do not know, but among the pictures lent from
that gallery for the conversazione of the Civil
Engineers in 1867 there was a " Finished sketch
of 'The Blue Boy.' T. Gainsborough, R.A.,-"
which had quite a newly restored look about it.
Mr. Hogarth has a clever sketch of the Grosvenor
" Blue Boy " by Fanny Corbeaux. Lord Morning-
ton, we believe, purchased the sketch of the
" Blue Boy " at Maclise's sale in 1870, and which
Mr. Hogarth thought to be more after the least-
known " Blue Boy " than the rival one.
By far the finest and largest full-length sketch
or copy of the " Blue Boy " we have yet seen,
excepting, of course, the two big " Blue Boys,"
belongs to Chas. Jas. Freake, Esq., Cromwell
House, South Kensington. It was bought at
Brighton a few years ago, in a damaged condition,
for ten, pounds, but by whom or when painted is
not known. It has since been lined and restored
after the Grosvenor "Blue Boy," so that here
also whatever originality it possessed is gone, but
still it is a fine bright picture canvas about
three feet in height by two feet in width, or
about half the height, 'and less than half the
width of the least-known " Blue Boy," which is
nearly aix feet in height by four feet two inches
in width.
Of " Blue Boys " in other than Vandyke cos-
tumes we may refer to the portrait of Lieut.
Col. Maclauchlan when a boy, as described in
" N. & Q." 4 th S. iv. 41 ; v. 37*
Another one, reported as in North "Wales, was
traced to Glasgow, and is thus described l\v the
lady who possesses it
"The 'Blue Boy' by Gainsborough was given to me
by Miss Griffiths some" year? ago. I heard it was pre-
sented bv Gainsborough when staying in \Y;\It> to a
friend of "Miss Griffiths', who left it to her. It is not a
full-length portrait, and the dress is .1 light-fitting pl;nn
blue jacket with a loose white handkerchief underneath
the jacket."
Even the blue-clad in the Bailey family in the
National Gallery has been stoutly maintained to
be " The Blue Boy by Gainsborough in the
National Collection."
J. SEWELL, Assoc. List. C. E.
The Lombard. E.G.
SUPERSTITION IX THE GERMAN ARMY.
The soldiers of Germany now pass for the best
educated and most intelligent soldiers in the
world. This is no doubt true of those who do not
come out of the lowest classes of society ; but 1
doubt the superior intelligence of those who do
belong to the lowest classes. At all events, super-
stition seems to be rife among them, and super-
stition is not generally regarded as a mark of
intelligence. The following charm was taken from
a German soldier during the late war, and brought
over to England by an English surgeon, whose
name I have forgotten. In a lecture which he
delivered at Cambridge, he said that the charm
was worn and firmly believed in by a large num-
ber of German soldiers. The words, which I copy
from a photograph* of the original, run as fol-
lows :
" Hans- und Schutzbrief.
" Im Namen des Vaters und des Sohnes und des heili-
gen Geistes. Amen. L. T. L. K. H. B. K. N. K.
" Im Namen Gottes. des Vaters, des Sohnes und des
heiligeu Geistes. So wie Cristis (sic) im Oehlgarten still-
stand, so soil alles Geschiitz stille stehn. Wer diesen
Brief bei sich tragt, den wird nichts treffen von des
Feindes Geschiitz, und er wird von Diehen und Mb'rden
(sic) gesichert sein. Er darf sich nicht fiirchten vor
Degen, Gewehren, Pistolen, den so wie man auf ilm
anschlagt,f mttssen, durch den Tod und Befehl Jesu
Christu (*tc), atte Geschiitze stille stehn, ob Sichtbar oder
unsichbar Alles durch den Befehl des Engels Michaelis, im
Namen Gottes, des Vaters, des Sohnes, und des heiligen
* The photograph bears on the back the name of
Maltby & Co., Barnsbury Hall, Islington, London, N. I
have copied verbatim, literatim, and puncluatim (if 1 may
coin the word), and therefore neither I nor the printer must
be held responsible for the very numerous misspellings,
grammatical and other inaccuracies, which are to be
found in it. I have marked a few of the most glaring
with sic. The charm is written, not printed; but we
learn incidentally that it may be used printed.
f Here there seems to be a word of two or three letters
which, owing to a. fold in the original, has been indis-
tinctly photographed.
4 th S. IX. JAN. C, 72.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
11
Geistes. Gott sei mit uns. Wer diesen Segen bei sich
tragt, der wird fur (sic) feindlichen Kugeln geschiitzt
bleiben. Wer dieses nicht glauben will, der schreibe ihn
ab, hange ihn einem Hunde um des (*vc) Hals und
schiesse auf ihn, so wird ehr sehen, dass der Hund nicht
getroffen, und dass es war ist, auch wird derjenige, der
an ihn glaupt nicht von dem Feinde gefangen genomraen
werden. So wahr ist es, das Jesus Christus auf Erden
gewandelt hat, und jen Himmel gefahrn ist, so war ist es,
das Jeder der an disen Brief glaubt, vor alien Gewehren
und Waffen im Namen des lebendigen Gottes, des Vaters,
des Sohnes und des heiligen Geistes unbeschiidigt bleiben
soil. Ich bitte im Namen unsers Herrn Jesu Christi Blut,
das mich keine Kugel trefFen mb'ge, sie sei von Gold,
Silber oder Blei. Gott im Himmel halte mich. von alien
frei. Im Namen Gottes des Vaters des Sohnes und des
heiligen Geistes, dieser Brief ist vom Himmel gesandt und
im Jahre 1724 (?) in Holstein gefunden worden und
schwebt tiber die Taufe Magdalenas, wie man ihn aber
angreifen wollte wich er zurlick bis zum Jahre 1791 bis
sich Jemand mit dem Gedanken nahrte,ihn abzuschreiben.
Ferner gebietet er, das derjenige, welcher am Sontage
Arbeitet^ von Gott verdammt ist. ich gebe euch sechs
Tage, cure Arbeit fortzusetzen und am Sontage friih in
die Kirche zu gehn, die heilige Predigt und Gottes (sz'c)
xu hohren, werdet ihr das nicht thun so werde ich euch
strafen. Ich gebiete euch, dass ihr des Sontags friih in die
(sic) Kirche mit Jedermann Jung und Alt andachtig fur
cure Siinden betet, damit sie euch vergeben werden,
Schwb'ret nicht boshaft bei meinem Namen, begehrt nicht
Silber oder Gold, und sehet nicht auf fleischliche Liiste
tind Begierden den sobald ich euch erschaffen habe, so-
bald kann ich euch wieder vernichten. Einer soil den
andern nicht tb'dten mit der Zunge. und solltet nicht
falsch gegen Euren Nachsten hinterm Riicken sein.
Freuet euch cure (sic) Giiter und cures Reichthums nicht.
Ehret Vater und Mutter, redet nicht falsch Zeugnisch (sz'c)
wieder den Nachsten, so gebe ich euch Gesundheit und
Segen. Wer aber diesen Brief nicht glaubt und sich
nicht darnach richtet. Der wird kein Gliick und Segen
haben. Diesen Brief soil einer dem andern Gedrukt oder
geschrieben zukommen lassen und wenn ihr so viel Siin-
lien gethan hattet, als Sand am Meere und Laub auf den
B&umen und Sterne am Himmel sind sollen sie euch ver-
geben werden. Wenn ihr glaubt und thut, was dieser
Brief euch lehrt und saget wer aber dass nicht glaubt,
der soil sterben. Bekehrt euch oder ihr werdet gepeinigt
werden, und ich werde euch fragen am jiingsten Tage
dann werdet ihr mir Antwort gebben miissen wegen euren
vielen Siinden, Wer diesen Brief in seinem Hause hat,
oder bei sich tragt dem wird kein Donnerwetter schaden
und ihr sollt von Feuer Wasser und alle Gewallt des
Feindes behutet werden. In Schleswig Hollstein hatte
ein Graf einen Diener, welcher sich fur seinen Vater
B. G. H. das Haupt abschlageu lassen wollte. Als nun
solches geschehen sollte, da versagte der(szc) Scharf-
richters Schwert, und er konnte ihm das Haupt nicht
abschlagen. Als der Graf dieses sah, fragt er den Diener
wie es zuginge, dass das Schwert ihm keiuen Schaden
zufiigte, worauf der Diener ihm diesen Brief mit den
Buchstaben LTLKHBKNK zeigte. Als der Graf
dieses sah, befahl er dass ein Jeder diesen Brief bei sich
tragen sollte.
" Dieser Brief ist besser den Gold."
For the benefit of those readers of "N. & Q."
^ho are not familiar with German, 1 subjoin a
brief account and summary of the above :
The charm came down from God in 1724, and
hovered about some representation of the baptism
of Mary Magdalene in Holstein, refusing to be
caught, until 1791, when some one had the happy
thought to copy it as it hovered. The essence of
the charm seems to consist in the letters L T L
K H B K N K, pronounced in the name of the
Father, Son, and Holy Ghost. Whoever wears
the charm need have no fear of thieves or mur-
derers, swords or firearms of any sort, neither will
he receive injury from storm, fire, water, or any
assault of the evil one, nor will he be taken
prisoner. No bullet will strike him, be it of gold,
of silver, or of lead. Whoever doubts this may hang
the charm round a dog's neck, and shoot at him :
he will find that he cannot hit him. The greater
part of the charm, however, consists of pious ex-
hortations couched in -biblical language, threats
of evil to those who disbelieve in it, and promises
of reward to those who believe in it and do what
it enjoins. It concludes with a tale bearing wit-
ness to its efficacy, and well calculated to inspire
confidence into a superstitious soldier. A certain
count in Schleswig Holstein had a servant, who
had given himself up in his father's stead to have
his head cut off. The executioner stood up to
perform his office, when, lo and behold, his sword
was powerless in his hands! The count seeing
this, asked the servant how it was that the sword
did him no harm, and the servant showed him
the charm with its mystical letters. Whereupon
the count gave orders that everyone should wear
this charm about him.
Is there an English soldier would wear such a
charm and believe in it? I hope and believe
there is not. F. CHANCE.
Sydenham Hill.
THE " SCALES OF JUSTICE" NO LONGEK A FABLE.
On Monday, Dec. 4, at the Warrington Borough
Court, before the mayor (Joseph Davies, Esq.),
H. Bleckly, Esq., and C. Broadbent, Esq., Patrick
Flanaghan was charged with having had an
unjust half-pound weight in his possession. The
mayor requested the clerk (Mr. H. Brown White)
to see how many quill pens would be required to
balance the scales when the just and unjust
weights had been placed at either end. They
would fine the defendant one shilling for each
one. Mr. White: "Nine will make the scales
balance." The Mayor : " Then we will fine the
defendant one shilling for each one." I owe it to
Warrington, which is a Lancashire town, to say
that all the three justices named above are
Cheshire men. M. D.
MADAME DE GENLIS. Among the interesting
letters I lately mentioned as being addressed to
Madame de Genlis is one of Prince Talleyrand,
who, you will see, attached, like J. W. Croker,
great value to her correspondence. Although
written on Sept. 4, 1805, nine months after the
coronation of Napoleon (in Notre-Dame by Pope
12
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[4 tl > S. IX. JAN. 6, 72.
Pius VII.), Talleyrand, from old habit, continued
to use the Republican calendar. Bouillet, in his
Dictionnaireunivcrscl d'Histoire,sa\s that Madame
de Genlis published in 1817 part -of Dangeau's
Memoirs, but Talleyrand alludes to this publica-
tion in 1805 already. Who may well be "ma
petite fille, avec une robe blanche " he speaks of ?
Here is a copy of the letter in his well-known
pattes de mouches :
" Deptiis deux jours j'ai ties chevaux mis pour aller
vous voir, et ma petite fille est avec une robe blanche et
son chapeau de paille me pressant de lui faire voir Madame
de Silieri et voulant etre soumise a son jugement. Mais
il n'y a pas moyen ; il faut que je parte ce soir pour Stras-
bourg. Vous me faites un sensible plaisir quand vous
promettes de m'ecrire ; je vous en remercie de tout mon
coeur. Envoyes vos lettres aux relations exterieures,
mettes stir 1'adresse affaires personnelles. Je vous in-
dique cette precaution pour etre bien stir qu'tine ligne
de vous ne sera pas perdue. J'ai vu a Boulogne chez
1'Empereur les Memoir es de Dangeau, mais il partoit et
n'a pas pu me lespreter peut-etre les aura-t-il emportes
h Strasbourg, alors j'aurai deux oti trois bonnes soirees.
"T.
" 4 Vend, an 14."
At the top, in Madame de Genlis's equally well-
known hand. " de M. de Talleyrand."
P. A. L.
PROSCRIPTION or SLANG EXPRESSIONS.
"The Chicago Post has issued the following ukase:
' Hereafter every reporter in this office shall be personally
decapitated and shall lose his situation, who shall be
guilty of the use of any of the following barbarisms of
language: " Postmortemed, for dissected; suicided, in-
fanticided, &c. ; accidentated ; indignated, for got mad ;
disremembered, disrecollect* disforgot, &c. ; abluted for
* washed himself,' herself or itself, as the case may be ;
sporn, for spared ; spondulix, for ducats ; catastrophed ;
scrumptious; receptecl ; planted or funeraled, for buried.
And any editor, reporter, correspondent, scribe or dead
beat, shall, as an additional penalty, be put on half- pay
who shall write 'on last evening,' 'on this morning,'
* on yesterday,' or ' on ten o'clock in the forenoon.' "
UNEDA.
Philadelphia.
WAS ANNA BOLEYX BORN IN THE CASTLE"
OF CARRICK-ON-SUIR ?
I trust you will admit that the following rather
well-written article, which appeared in a late
number of the Limerick Reporter and Tipper anj
Vindicator, is worthy of a place in the columns of
"N. & Q." in reference to a late notice to Cor-
respondents in " N. & Q." in which my name
was introduced.
MAURICE LENIHAX, M.R.I. A.
Limerick.
" Happening to be in Carrick-on-Suir, the Castle at-
tracted my attention. In an architectural point of view,
it is on a "par with the celebrated halls of Hatfield, Hard-
wick, and Haclden ; indeed in some respects it is finer
than any of them, but they are praised and protected
with the greatest care, and" while Carrick is only pre-
served from becoming a total ruin by the almost inde-
structible nature of its materials. And to add a charm
to the architectural beauties, it is not wanting in tradi-
tions of the past. One of them rather startled me, ' that
there those eyes first saw light,' of which 'twas said that
* Gospel light first dawned from Bullen's eyes.' I have
tried to ascertain what foundation there is for this tradi-
tion, and now give the result of ray rather superficial
researches. The Castle of Carrick belongs to the noble
family of Butler, who trace their descent to Rollo, Duke
of Xormandy, ancestor of William the Conqueror. Theo-
bold, nephew of St. Thomas A'Becket of Canterbury,
came to Ireland with Strongbow, and received extensive
grants of land and other favours from Henry the Second,
to show his apparent condemnation of the murder of
St. Thomas. Theobold's son, also ' Tobv ' (the more
usual name) married the daughter of John Marries or
De Marisco (the descendant of'Geoffry de Marisco, who
also came over with Strongbow, and whose estate the
Butlers inherited) and their son Theobold III. was Lord
of Carrick. Edmund Butler was created Earl of Carrick
in 1315, two years before the title of Earl of Kildare was
conferred on the rival house of Fitzgerald. Edmund,
son of Sir Richard Butler, built 'the Castle of the
Bridge of Carrick,' probably the southern or oldest part
of the present building : he died in 1464. Thomas, Earl
of Carrick and Ormond, who died in 1515, had two
daughters, Margaret and Anne ; one married Sir William
Boleyn, a London merchant, and was mother of Sir
Thomas Boleyn, father of Anna ; and the other was
married to Sir George St. Leger. As Anna Avas four-
teen or fifteen years of age at the time of the death of
her great grandfather, it is quite possible that she was
born at his residence, Carrick Castle, to which her father,
Sir Thomas, claimed to be heir, as next of kin, and after-
wards received the title of Earl of Ormond and Carrick
from Henry VIII., when Anna was in high favour. Sir
Peirs Butler, the next male heir, being induced to sur-
render his claim to the title on being created Earl of
Ossory, but he again became Earl of Ormond on the
death of Sir Thomas Boleyn, without male heir?, as his
only son, Lord Rochfort, was executed about the same
time as his sister, Anna Boleyn. Sir Peirs, who thus
became Earl of Ormond and Carrick, was a pious, good
man. It is recorded of him that he spent the last fort-
night of every Lent towards the end of his life in a
chamber near St. Canice's Cathedral, engaged! in prayer
and good works. His son, James, was the first of the
Irish chiefs who signed the declaration ' to oppose the
usurpations of the Bishop of Rome,' which was the half-
way house between Catholicity and Protestantism, so
that the Lord James Butler of the pi-esent day has here-
ditary claim to the leading part he takes in the reor-
ganization of the disestablished church. James, who was
poisoned in London, was succeeded by his son Thomas,
then only fourteen years old ; he was, reared in the Eng-
lish court, and greatly distinguished himself during the
reign of Elizabeth against the Earl of Desmond and other
Irish chiefs, by whom he was known as Black Thomas,
and the Virgin Queen sometimes called him her Black
Husband. lie repaired and beautified the castle of Kil-
kenny and his house of Carrick, where he resided and
died in 1614. Very probably Lord Thomas not only re-
paired and beautified, but built the north-east and "West
sides of the castle, which contain the principal apart-
ments. As before stated, it appears to be quite possible
that Anna Boleyn was born in Carriok Castle during the
lifetime of her 'great grandfather, but let us see is there
any record of her birthplace. I can find none. Indeed
there is a tradition very generally believed in the locality
that she was born at Blickling Hall, in Norfolk ; but the
honor is also claimed by two other places, Rochefort Hall
S. IX. JAX. 6,'72.J
NOTES AND QUERIES.
13
and Hever Castle. The very uncertainty as to where
she was born goes far to prove that it took place in Ire-
land, particularly as at the time her father was naturally
anxious to be with his grandfather, the old Earl, then
residing at Carrick, and Avhom he desired to succeed in
his titles and estates. So that the probability is very
great that the old tradition above referred to, that Anna
first saw the light on the banks of the Suir, is well
founded, and the old castle is worthy of the tradition. It
is a large quadrilateral pile enclosing a central court.
The more ancient front, being the castle proper, faces the
Waterlbrd mountains to the south, close to the reedy
banks of the Suir, which can be seen from the battle-
ments for miles through the lovely vale between Clonmel
and Waterford. This part of "the building is of the
ordinary castle type, but the other three sides, probably
built by Black Thomas, are of domestic Tudor architec-
ture, and must originally have been a very beautiful
specimen of the style. The principal entrance is in the
north front, by a comparatively small door, to a narrow
passage, having the portraits of Queen Bess and Black
Tom Butler on either side. The passage leads by an
abrupt turn to a noble staircase, the steps and wainscot
being of dark oak, and the ceiling and upper part of the
walls richly pannelled in stucco. The stairs lead to a
grand hall, at the east side, finished in the same manner,
with a large oriel at the dais end which communicates
with the older part of the building. The stairs also lead
to a fine gallery facing the north, decorated in the same
style as the hall and stairs, with oak wainscot and stucco
pannelling, charged with heraldic devices. The chimney
pieces are elaborately carved, and the large windows
deeply recessed. Beyond the gallery to the west side
are the drawing room and other apartments, one tra-
ditionally named after Queen Elizabeth, but more likely
after one of Black Tom's Countesses of that name, as he
had two. The stairs, hall, and gallery, if restored to
their pristine beauty, Avould excel in ai-chitectural effect,
as they do in dimensions, the far-famed hall of Hatiield,
of which the Marquis of Salisbury is so justly proud;
and is it not to be deplored that the most noble inheritor
should allow the first residence of his family in this
country to remain neglected and uncared for, and gradu-
ally to crumble into dust ? It is worthy of a better fate,
and as a work of bygone art, it deserves to be preserved,
for ' a thing of beauty is a joy for ever,' as a historical
monument (of which 'we have, alas ! too few except in
ruins). It should be maintained as a sacred trust for
posterity in. the spirit with which Earl Thomas be-
queathed to Sir Thomas Boleyn and his heirs for ever
the ' white horn drinking cup banded with gold and
silver,' which was supposed to have been used by St.
Thomas A'Becket."
"M. M."
[We believe that there does not exist any evidence to
prove where Anne Boleyn was born. Tradition points
very strongly to Blickling Hall, Norfolk, as the place of
her birth ; but Hever Castle, in Kent, and Rochford
Hall, in Essex, also claims this distinction. In the
absence of direct evidence to the contrary, it is possible
that there may be some foundation for the suggestion in
the foregoing paper ; and a search among the records of
Ireland may be destined to settle the question, Where
was Anne Boleyn born ? ]
BARGEMEN'S SOXG. Can any of your readers
inform rue of the true locality to which the fol-
lowing mournful ditty belongs ? When a boy I
heard it frequently sung by the bargemen on the
river Calder, and one night at Cambridge I heard
the same chanted by a bargeman on the Cam.
He might possibly 'have been a Norths-country
man :
" Our captain calls all hands on board to-morrow,
Leaving my dearest girl in grief and sorrow ;
Dry up those briny tears and leave off weeping,
How happy shall us be at our next meeting !
" ' Why would'st thee go abroad fighting for strangers ?
I'd have thee stay at home free from all dangers ;
I'd hug thee in my arms, my dearest jewel !
Come, stay at home with me don't thee be cruel.
" ' When I had gold in store thee did'st invite me,
But now I's low and poor thee seem'st to slight me :
There's no believing man not your own brother
So, maids, if ye must love, love one another.'
" Down on the ground she laid like one a-dying,
Wringing her hands abroad, sighing, and crying
* He courted me awhile just to deceive me,
And now my poor heart he's got he's agoing to leave
me.
" ' Farewell my dearest dears, father and mother,
Don't weep for your dear child though you've no
other ;
Don't weep for me, I pray, for I's a-going
To everlasting joys where fountains is flowing.' "
CDi*0
Possibly there may be some omission in the
foregoing stanzas : I quote from memory. When
chanted on u the still waters" at night by a good
voice, in the Northern dialect, these quaint stanzas
had a pathetic and touching effect. K. S. E.
Copenhagen.
CHARLES I.'s WAISTCOAT. Have any of your
readers met with a piece of the waistcoat worn by
Charles I. on Jan. 30, 1649? I have in my pos-
session a piece of rich red striped silk, brocaded
with silver and yellow silk, said to have been
worn by him at his execution ; and shall be glad
to know if any one else possesses a portion of the
same, and can give an authentic account of its
history. W. P.
CHOWBEXT. What is the derivation of the
name Chowbent ? This village is situated about
five miles from Bolton, Lancashire, and from this
I argue that the name is of Keltic origin. In this
language there is a word bent, which means
thick coarse grass, and choiu, meaning covey ; so
that the whole word means a covey of coarse
grass. Can any one tell me whether I am right in
my conj ectures, or what is the true derivation ?
FREDERIC WOOD.
Whinney Field, Halifax.
" LIGHT CHRISTMAS." I have heard the fol-
lowing saying referred to the neighbourhood of
Ledbury, Herefordshire: "A light Christmas,, a
lisiit harvest." Is it known elsewhere ?
T. W. W T EBB.
CROMWELLIAN" ERA. I have a MS. poem of
this period, and I should like to know if it has
ever been published 5 and if so, to whom it is
14
NOTES AND QUERIES.
attributed. It contains 20 lines, is without title,
and commences
* The daye is broke, Melpomine begone,
Hag of 1113- fancy let me now alone ;
Nightmare my soul no more, go take thy flight
Where traytors' ghosts hoop au eternal night."
In the body of the poem the protectorate of
Richard Cromwell is alluded to thus :
" Richard the fourthe juste peeping out of Squire,
No fault so much as th 1 Old one was his Sire ;
For men believ'd, tho' all Avent in his name,
He'd be but tenant 'till the Landlord came."
The Ballot Box of Harrington's Oceana is thus
glanced at :
"But giddy Harrington a whimsey found
To make her head like to her braine goe rounde " ;
and it concludes
"George (Monk) made him (Lambert) and his cut
throats of our lives
Swallow theyr swords as Juglers doe theyr knives."
It is prefaced by the epitaph of Charles I.
usually found in the EikonBasilike (see "N.&Q."
2 nd S. v. 393), but with the lines reversed, and
one word different, thus
"Hie jacet intus,
Non Carolus quintus
Nee Carolus Magnus
Sed Carolus Agnus."
C. CHATTOCK.
Castle Bromwich.
REV. HENRY DODWELL, PREBENDARY OF SARUM
AND ARCHDEACON OF BERKS. Where was he
born, educated, and buried ? Any particulars most
gladly received by RANA E PALUDIBUS.
[It was the Rev. William, (not Henry) Dodwell who
was prebendary of Surum and archdeacon of Berks. He
was the youngest son of the learned Henry Dodwell,
Camden Professor at Oxford, and subsequently non-
juror. William was born at Shottesbrook, Berks, June
17, 1609, and educated at Trinity College, Oxford. He
was a learned divine and celebrated preacher, which ob-
tained for him several considerable preferments in the
church. He died Oct. 23, 1785, in his seventy-fifth year. A
list of his numerous works is given in Nichols's Literary
Anecdotes, ii. 438. Consult also Kippis, Biographia Bri-
' tannica, v. 327, and the biographical dictionaries of
Chalmers and Rose.]
BATTLE OF EVESHAIL Where can I find the
old lay or lament about the battle of Evesham,
commencing
" Or est occiste le fieur de pris
Qui tant savoit le guerre" ?
I am told part of it was printed many years
ago in the Quarterly Review, but I cannot find
the passage. THOS. E. WINNINGTON.
[This ballad is in the Harleian MS. 2253, art. 24, and
was made after the battle of Evesham, A.D. 1265, when
Simon de Montfort was slain, and the rebellious barons
were utterly defeated. It commences
" Chaunter mestoit | mon euer le voit | en un dure Ian-
gage,
Tut en ploraunt j fus fet le chaunt | de nostre duz
Baronage,
Qe pur la pees | si loynz apres | se lesserent de trere,
Lur cors trencher | e demembrer | pur salver Engle-
terre.
Ore est ocys | la flur de pris | qu taunt savoit de
guere,
Ly queus Mountfort | saduremort j molt en plorra
la terre."
The poet looks upon Mountfort as a martyr, and regrets
the loss of Henry his son, Hugh le Dispenser, Justice of
England, and others who then lost their live* 1 . This
ballad was privately printed (together with three others
from the same MS.) by Sir Francis Palgrave (then Fr.
Cohen, Esq.), 1818, 4to. The article on Simon de Montfort
appeared in the Quarterly Review, cxix. 26.]
UNPUBLISHED LETTERS OF EDWARD GIBBON.
Can any of your readers tell me where (except in
the libraries of the Earl of Sheffield and the Due
de Broglie) there are any unpublished letters of
Gibbon the historian ? W. A. G.
Hastings.
[Seven letters from Edward Gibbon to Edward first
Lord Eliot are at Port Eliot, Cornwall, the seat of the
Earl of St. Germans, which throw considerable light on
his parliamentary career a subject barely touched in his
Autobiography. The same library contains four letters
from his father to Edward Eliot. *The dates of them are
given in the First Report of the Royal Commission on
Historical Manuscripts, 1870, p. 41.]
" JOIN ISSUE." In one of Burns's letters to
Mr. Thomson ( Works, ed. 1800, iv. 13), he says,
"I will cordially join issue with you in the
furtherance of the work." Burns wrote very good
English. Is this an accidental slip, or is there
any other instance of the phrase being so used ?
I need not say it is the opposite sense to the usual
one, which too has an express derivation in the
technical description of a legal process.
LlTTELTON.
MANORS IN BEDS AND SALOP. I wish to know
who was the lord of the following manors in
6 Henry V. : " Manor of Wildene, in the co.
Bedford; manor of Appeley in the co. Salop."
Who was Sir Adam Peshall, Knight, who lived
at Appeley in the year above-mentioned, also
" Roger Willeley"? I have preserved the ori-
ginal spelling in these proper names. S.
MOLESWORTH MEDAL. I wish for information
respecting a fine medal with a profile of a man in
a helmet, and the inscription round the margin
" Ricardus Molesworth. Britann. Trib. Miles.'
On the reverse a figure of Victory leading by the
hand a warrior, trampling on broken artillery,
with motto, " Per Ardua." I conjecture that it
relates to Ilichard Molesworth, the third Viscount
Molesworth, who saved the life of the Duke of
Marlborough at Ramillies or Blenheim, and who
subsequently became a field marshal, &c. Can
you inform me under what circumstances the
medal was struck, by whom executed (it is a fine
work of art and a large), and whether there exist
specimens in silver as well as bronze ? X.
4'* S. IX. JAN. G, 72.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
15
CORRESPONDANCE DE NAPOLEON I. Une revue
anglaise n'a-t-elle pas publie des parties supprimees
dans 1'edition officielle ? Quel est le titre de cette
revue et le n du niois ? UN PARISLEN.
MRS. STEPHENS'S MEDICINES. In Sir John Hill's
Family Herbal, p. 254, this passage occurs :
" Great good has been done by those medicines which
the Parliament purchased of Mrs. Stephens."
Where can one get any account of these medi-
cines ? What was the amount paid to her, and
why was she singled out to have her remedies
purchased ? C. A. W.
May fair, W.
H. PEEREBOOM. I have an oil-painting on oak
(23 in. high by 30 in. wide) bearing the above
signature. It is a work of considerable merit.
Subject: Exterior of Flemish or Dutch tavern;
travellers refreshing themselves at the door:
woman drawing water from a well for their horses,
&c. &c. What is known of this artist? He is
not, I believe, mentioned by either Waagen, Siret,
Bryan, Ottley, or Hobbes. G. M. T.
TAAFFE. Sir John Taaffe of Smarmor had by
his wife Anna, daughter of \ 7 iscount Dillon, be-
sides other sons, Charles described in the pedigree
compiled by Sir W. Betham as " Abbot of the
Cistercian Abbey of Boyle." If this be correct,
who then was Charles Taafe (married to a Lady
Susanna ) living in 1GG9, and who held a
lease under Theobald, Earl of Carlingford ?
Charles and the Lady Susanna Taaffe are
entirely ignored in Sir W. Betham's pedigree,
and yet it is clear from extant records that they
held an important position in the Taatfe family.
S.
TIPTERERS. The mummers in Hampshire are
called, spelling phonetically, " tipterers " ; the se-
cond syllable is long, tipterers. What is the deri-
vation or meaning of the name ? A. D.
ABBOT OF GLASTONBURTS WATCH. At the
sale of the clocks and watches of H. E. Ii. the
Duke of Sussex was sold the watch of the last
abbot of Glastonbury, which is figured and men-
tioned in Warner's Antiquities of Glastonbury. It
is described in the sale catalogue as
" A highly interesting and curious hexagonal watch,
the property of the last abbot of Glastonbury. It bears
the maker's name, Isaac Symmes. A MS. note traces it
back to the time of the dissolution of the abbey ; also
the abbot's seal."
It was sold for QL Qs. } and the purchaser's name
was Thorpe. Can any one tell where this watch
now is ? OCTAVIUS MORGAN.
UN JUST WEIGHTS. Were the owners of de-
fective weights or balances ever punished by the
loss of their ears, which were subsequently nailed
to the doors of a prison ? If so, where shall I find
a record of such a punishment ? M. D.
"WiTH HELMET ON HIS BROW." Is this
tune, which is also called " The Old Woman of
Romford," English ? I ask the question because
very recently it has become an exceedingly popular
air on the Continent, and particularly in French
Switzerland. I suspect that it has been intro-
duced into some opera. Who wrote the words to
u With Helmet on his Brow," and whose name
is affixed as the composer of the music ? If the
tune be English, it is as well to claim it at once.
Now-a-days we stand a chance of having some
of our- best national tunes prigged! "Robin
Ad air " figures in concert bills with the name of
Boieldieu, u The last Rose" is given to Flotow, and
" Home, sweet Home " is claimed for Donizetti.
I trust that some one learned in musical notes
may be induced to answer this " note."
STEPHEN JACKSON.
BROWNE WILLIS. Where is Willis's MS. re-
ferring to church matters in the beginning of the
seventeenth century to be found ? Is it in the
Bodleian Library? M. H.
Sleaford.
"GOODY TWO SHOES" AND THE NURSERY
LITERATURE OF THE LAST CENTURY.
(4 th S. viii. 510.)
Most cordially do I agree with G. T. S. " that
the writer of Goody Tivo Shoes had a keen insight
into the mind of a child, and a wonderful appre-
ciation of the sort of story to please the ' spelling'
public," but I cannot agree with W. M. as to who
that writer was. In the MS. of Goldsmithiana now
preparing for the press, I had already fully taken
notice of, and disproved, the tradition, theory, or
assertion, unsupported as it is by a single proof,
of the " chapter and verse " of W. M. With all
good feeling to him, whoever he be, I should not
have noticed it, however, till the publication of
my new work; but on seeing the important and
eloquent article in " N. & Q." (4 th S. viii. 510),
I felt I must give to its readers a little of the
many " chapters and verses " I have read in New-
bery's " renowned " little volumes, and not allow
my pen to rest while " poor Goldie " was in the
slightest danger of being deprived of the credit of
one of the twenty little works I shall introduce to
the literary and antiquarian world as the " unac-
knowledged offspring," but nevertheless authentic
writings for children, &c. by Oliver Goldsmith.
I cannot possibly bring forward, in an article
like the present, all the results of my reading and
research and coincident comparisons, but I will
here mention only a few of the items I have col-
lected on this, to me, interesting, and I may say,
for some years past, pet subject in connection with
" Bewick " and engraved wood block collecting.
16
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
[4 th S. IX. JAN. (5, 72.
Of these I have gathered nearly seven thousand
from, various parts of Great Britain, amongst which
I have several sets and specimens of cuts used to
illustrate editions of Good)/ Two Shoes, Tommy
Trip, &c. A selection of these I shall be happy
to send to the Editor of "N. & Q," if he thinks :
them worthy of introduction to its pages. In
alluding to Tommy Trip, I proved that to be from
the poet's pen. In my preface tQ my reprint of it j
in 1867.1 alluded to the following from Washing-
ton Irving's Biography of Oliver Goldsmith :
"Being now known in the publishing world, Goldsmith
began to find casual employment in various quarters ;
among others he wrote occasionally for the Literary
Magazine, a production set on foot by Mr. John Newbery,
bookseller, St. Paul's Churchyard, renowned in nursery
literature throughout the latter half of the last century
for his picture-books for children. Xewbeiy was a
worthy, intelligent, kind-hearted man, and a seasonable,
though cautious friend to authors, relieving them with
small loans when in pecuniary difficulties, though always
taking care to be well repaid" by the labour of their pens.
Goldsmith introduces him in "a humorous yet friendly
manner in his novel of the Vicar of Wakefield : ' This
person was no other than the philanthropic bookseller in
St. Paul's Churchyard, Avho has written so many little
books for children ; he called himself their friend; but he
was the friend of all mankind. He was no sooner alighted
but he was in haste to be gone ; for he was ever on busi-
ness of importance, and was at that time actually com-
?iling materials for the history of one Mr. Thomas Trip.
immediately recollected this good-natured man's red-
pimpled face.' "
Here Goldsmith himself speaks of Tommy Trip,
and among the numerous favourable reviews which
appeared not one dissented from my views and
arguments ; and Tommy Trip'is now duly entered in
the General Catalogue of the British Museum under
the poet's works. Since that time I have ascer-
tained that it (Tommy Trip) was the subject of a
conversation between Dr. Johnson and Boswell, in
which the former called it a " great book " though
a little one. I also find the first part of Tommy
Trip and Giant Woglog (I will also show who he
was in my preface to a reprint of the first edition
(Newbery's) of Goody Two Shoes now at press)
appears in the Lilliputian Magazine (another work
I will prove Goldsmith wrote), published circa
1758 by Newbery. Giant Woglog is also men-
tioned in Fables in Verse by Abraham sEsop,
Newbery (also by O. G.), and in the British Fair-
ing, or Golden Toy, in which
" You may see all the Fun of the Fair,
And at Home be as happy as if you were there."
This also is from Goldsmith's pen, and in one
part of it may be found an interesting description
of other curious sights to be seen in the Hay-
market, Vauxhall Gardens, &c. Copious extracts
from these and many others will be given in
Goldsmithiana. I am much pressed for time at
present, but if it would be considered interesting
I will select all about " Woglog the great giant '
from the various Lilliputian volumes in mine and
another very complete collection I have free access
to ; and so form a slight contribution on " Woglog "
for " N. & Q." If I am not taking up too much
space for this small but to me great subject, I
would quote what Washington Irving says about
Goody Two Shoes and its writer, also introduced
in my preface to Tommy Trip, 1867 :
" This constant drainage of the purse therefore obliged
him to undertake all jobs proposed by the booksellers,
and to keep up a kind^of running account with Mr. New-
bery ; who was his banker on all occasions, sometimes for
pounds, sometimes for shillings ; but who was a rigid
accountant, and took care to be amply repaid in manu-
script. Many effusions, hastily penned in these moments
of exigency, were published anonymously, and never
claimed. Some of them have but recently been traced to
his pen ; while of many the true authorship will pro-
bably never be discovered. Among others, it is suggested,
and with great probability, that he wrote for Mr. New-
bery the famous nursery story of Goody Two Shoes,
which appeared in 17G5,"at a moment when Goldsmith
was scribbling for Newbery, and much pressed for funds.
Several quaint little tales introduced in his Essays show
that he had a turn for this species of mock history ; and
the advertisement and title-page bear the stamp of his
sly and playful humour.
"" We are" desired to give notice that 'there is in the
press, and speedily will be published, either by subscrip-
tion or otherwise, as the public shall please to determine,
the History of Little Goody Two Shoes, otherwise Mrs.
Margery Two Shoes; with the means by which she ac-
quired learning and wisdom, and, in consequence thereof,
her estate ; set forth at large for the benefit of those
' Who, from a state of rags and care,
And having shoes but half a pair,
Their fortune and their fame should fix,
And gallop in a coach and six.'
The world is probably not aware of the ingenuity,
humour, good sense, and sly satire contained in many of
the old English nursery tales. They have evidently been
the sportive productions of able writers, who would not
trust their names to productions that might be con-
sidered beneath their dignity. The ponderous works on
which they relied for immortality have perhaps sunk
into oblivion, and carried their names down with them ;
while their unacknowledged offspring. Jack the Giant
Killer, Giles Gingerbread, and Tom Thumb, nourish in
wide-spreading and never-ceasing popularity."
Wm. Godwin, the author of Caleb Williams,
himself a publisher of children's books, frequently
asserted that Goldsmith was the writer. Nume-
rous other authorities of name and weight I will
give anon ; but I will conclude with the tradi-
tion conveyed to me in conversations with the
Misses Bewick, whose father engraved the frontis-
piece for the Newcastle edition (St. Nicholas's
steeple in the background) of Goody Two Shoes
published by Saint, the contemporary of, and
Newbery of the Nortli a copy of which (24mo,
1 28 pages, 1796) sold at Puttick and Simpson's
Jan. 17, 1871, for 31. 7s.; and the next day
changed hands for a much higher sum thus
exemplifying G. T. S.'s " clean copies. &c., would
fetch their weight in gold" that Goldsmith was
4 th S. IX. JAN. G, '72.]
NOTES AND QUEEIES.
17
the author of both Goody Two Shoes and Tommy
Trip, for both of which works Thomas Bewick
engraved sets of cuts, and Bewick told John Bell
that the Tommy Trip led to the publication of
his British Quadrupeds in 1790. Bewick had an
interview with Goldsmith in Newcastle, when
the latter was on his way to the metropolis from
Edinburgh. On the wrapper of my Angler's Gar-
land for 1870, I announced as preparing for the
press, among others :
" The true History of Little GOODY Two SHOES, and
who wrote it, embellished with several series of the
original woodcuts, fac-simile autographs, steel engrav-
ings," &c.
But it afterwards became incorporated in the MS.
of Goldsmithiana. But seeing the interest raised
on the subject, the world shall not remain long
without an unabridged copy printed faithfully
from the first three Newbery editions, with all
the poems, characteristic phrases, and appendix
to the printer, in which Michael Angelo is told
to " brush up the cuts (from the Vatican ?) that
they may give good impressions." A genuine
edition of the book, I can safely say, has not been
reprinted for fifty years at least. I myself have
access to, and in my own collection, above twenty
different editions published by Newbery, Osborne,
Barton, Mozley, Saint, and others all over the
kingdom. None are right but the early ones,
published by the Newberys or Carnan. I asked
Mr. Winter Jones myself in the Reading Room of
the British Museum if I could see a copy of Goody
Two Shoes. They had not got one ! And I have
not the slightest reason to believe, from my brief
interview, that Mr. Winter Jones or his ances-
tor ever thought of having any claim to the
authorship of GoodyTwo Shoes. In 1867 1 remember
speaking to W. B., one of the oldest correspond-
ents of "N. & Q.," of one of my arguments in
favour of Goldsmith's being the author of Goody
Two Shoes the allusion to Dr. James's powder
on the death of Goody's parent. This seems to
have been mentioned to Mr. Forster in conversa-
tion, for I see he refers to it in his glorious work
on Oliver Goldsmith (last edition, 2 vols., 1871) ;
but I have volumes of " chapter and verse," if
required, coincident and full of " confirmation
strong." Apologising for thus far trespassing on
your valuable columns. EmviN PEARSON.
P.S. I may mention that in my " Lilliputian
Library"' are very many of the original little
books mentioned in the list (including a copy of
The Museum, from which I will shortly send the
extract relating to " Wo^log " to " N. & Q."),
with numerous others not included there, of which
I will send a further list to " N. & Q." ; and shall
be glad to hear of any (through its columns) not
contained in either list.
WILLIAM BALIOL.
(4 th S. vii. passim ; viii. 53, 487.)
I, an " Anglo-Scotus," am much obliged to your
correspondent rej oicing in a similar nom de plume
for his information under the above heading ; but
as he is, I think, wrong in one or two particulars,
I shall be obliged by his giving proofs for his
statements :
1. I think that the charter granted by Sir John
Graham to the monks of Melrose could hardly
have been signed as witnesses by Alexander and
William Baliol in 1325, as William at all events
was dead in 1315.
2. I am very doubtful of any proof existing
that the Baliols (by that name) held the barony of
Cavers for nearly fifty years after 1325. I have
never in my researches found the name of Baliol
in history or documents, genealogical or otherwise,
after the overthrow of Edward Baliol, the son of
John Baliol, in the attempts of the former to
regain the crown of Scotland say about 1330
and I do not think it is to be found.
ANGLO-SCOTUS asks for my authority in stating
that William Baliol was brother to Alexander,
the chamberlain of Scotland. In the Public Re-
cord Office, under date of " March 21, 1292," is an
acquittance from Robert Heron, the associate of
the chamberlain of Scotland, for a part of his
wages, wherein the following appears, and to my
mind is conclusive :
" Recepisse de domino AlexandrodeBalliolo Camerario
Scotia per manus Willelmi de Balliolo, fmtris sui,
clerici in parte soltitionis vadiorum meorum," &c.
William Baliol throughout the deeds relating
to the chamberlainship of Scotland is mentioned
frequently as acting for Alexander Baliol.
The arms of Scott of Scotts Hall are un-
doubtedly derivative of those of Baliol, as those of
Scott of Great Barr are derivasive of the De Larn-
bertons or Lindsays, with whom the Baliols were
associated and connected by ties of relationship ;
but this is a matter of heraldry better suited to
the pens of ME. S. W. ELLIS or MR. M. A. LOWER
than mine.
Lastly. There appears to have been but one
William Baliol, who died about 1311-15, and was
buried at the same monastery (the Grey Friars of
Canterbury), likewise the place of sepulture of his
brother's wife, Elizabeth of Chilham, wife of
Alexander, Chamberlain of Scotland and Lord of
Chilham ; and it is from this William Baliol that
the Scotts of Brabourne, near Chilham and Can-
terbury, claim their descent. J. R. S.
WEEPERS (4 th S. vii. 257 ; viii. 378, 443.) -
Funeral hatbands are called "Jamie Duffs" in
Edinburgh, after a noted character who lived there
about the middle of last century. This "natural,"
as idiots were called in Scotland, had a passion
18
NOTES AND QUERIES.
S. IX. JAN. 6, 72.
for attending funerals, which he always did in full
mourning costume. Many amusing anecdotes are
related of this eccentric in that scarce and enter-
taining work, Kay's Original Portraits, i. 7, and
ii. 9, 17, 95. ARCH. WATSON.
Glasgow.
WHITEACRE CREST (4 th S. viii. 454.) The
following arms will be found in vol. iii. Kobaou's
British Herald :
" Whitacre [Warwick]. Sable, 3 mascles or.
Whitacre [Warwick and Althorne, Yorks]. Sable, 3
ynascles argent. Crest A cubit arm, erect, brandishing a
sword, all proper.
Whitacre [Westbury, Wilts, granted 16 March, 1560].
The same, with a label of 3 points or. Crest A horse
passant or.
Whitacre [Henthorne, Yorks]. Sable, a chevron be-
tween 3 mascles argent.
Whitacre. Argent, a chevron between 3 mascles
azure.
Whitacre. Gules, 3 lozenges argent.
Whitaker [Lysson House, Hereford]. Sable, a fess
between 3 mascles argent. Crest A horse passant argent.
Whitaker. Same arms. Crest A tent gules, gar-
nished or, pennon azure.
Whiteacre [Lanes, and Warwick]. Or, 3 mascles
sable.
Whiteacre. Sable, 3 lozenges argent.
Whiteacre. Argent, on a chevron sable, 3 garbs or.
Whittaker [Barsning Place, near Maidstone, Kent].
Sable, a fess between 3 mascles argent. Crest A horsa
passant or.
Whittaker. Azure, a cross wavy argent between 4
seagulls swimming proper. Crest A. seagull, wings
expanded proper."
Notices of the family will be found as under :
Whitacre of Whitacre Superior. Dugdale's Warwick.
vol. ii. p. 1039.
\Vhitacre of Woodhouse, Yorks, and Whitakers of
Broadclough, of Symonstone, of the Holme in Lancashire,
and of Newcastle Court, Radnor. Burke's Landed Gentry,
(second, third, or fourth edition).
Whitaker of Holme, Lancashire. See also Hoare's
Wilts, Westbury Hundred, p. 43.
Whitaker of Leeds. Whitaker's Wlialley, p. 336.
Whitaker of Motcomb. Hutchins's Dorset, vol. iii.
p. 207.
FLETTR-DE-LYS.
DOGS BURIED AT THE FEET OF BlSHOPS (4 th S.
viii. 222, 290, 378,422, 537.) I am not disposed I
to contend with dishonourable quibbling, and will !
only say that when I said "married ladies," |
whereas I had before spoken of " ladies " only, I j
never dreamed of introducing an "amended read- i
ing." Everybody knows, iu quoque, that the !
ladies represented in effigy on monuments are !
generally, if not always, married ladies ; and every j
unbiassed reader would see my meaning when I I
explained the do^s at their feet as emblems of !
their fidelity as wives. F. C. H.
Wallace, in his Account of the Islands of Ork-
ney, 1700, p. 57, states that iu The Links of
Tranabie, in Westra, the remains of dogs have
been found in human graves. G. M. T.
xs, CTJSTOS," ETC. (4 th S. viii. 478.)
The following occurs in the very interesting col-
lection entitled Walpoliana* :
" Mr. Gostling, a clergyman of Canterbury, was, I am
told, the writer of an admirable parody on the noted
grammatical line :
' Bifrons, atque Gustos, Bos, Fur, Sus, atque Sacerdos. 1 "
It runs thus :
" Bifrons ever when be preaches ;
Gustos of what in his reach is.
Bos among his neighbours' wives ;
Fur in gathering of his tithes.
Sus at every parish feast ;
On Sunday, Sacerdos, a priest."
Vol. i. p. 115, No. cxxxnr.
I cannot tell who was the Sacerdos thus sa-
tirised, or whether indeed any particular person
was alluded to. I need not say that the scan-
sion of the line is faulty. It occurs, of course,
in the " Propria quce maribus " of the Eton Latin
Grammar, and there reads " Ut bifrons: cus-
tos," &c. It is marvellous that Walpole should
commit such an error, even in writing from me-
mory. In my copy of Walpoliana it is stated that
the collection was made by Isaac Disraeli. ^ Is
there any reason to suppose that this attribution
is correct? It was printed by Bensley for Sir
Richard Phillips, and forms one of a series with
Addisoniana, Brookiana, Swiftiana y and perhaps
others ; each in 2 vols. small 8vo.
WILLIAM BATES, B.A.
Birmingham.
Vide Walpoliana, Xo. 138, vol. i. p. 118, edit.
2nd, Bentley ; and The Archaeological Mine, p. 61,
by A. J. Dunkin, published 1856. The Sacerdos
was the Rev. Mr. Taylor of Bifrons.
HARDRIC MORPHYN.
" KEMP " (4 th S. viii. 204, 357, 444.) Here is
an illustration of hemp and hemping from the
other side of the Atlantic, apparently carried
thither from the north of the Tweed. The Times
of Ottawa (Dominion of Canada), Nov. 10, 1871,
under the head "Gleanings," has the following:
" Mr. M'Cormiek lost $750,000 in Chicago, and is
ready to admit that, no doubt, the great fire is the
champion reaper "
J. CK. R.
In the ancient ballad of "King Estmere," as
given in Percy's Reliques (vol.i. ed. 1868, Nimmo),
this word appears both singular and plural, as
well as the adjective derived from it ; e. g. :
" But in did come the King of Spayne,
With kempes many a one.
Down then came the kemperye man.
'And how now, kcmpe,' said the King of Spayne."
A note in Latin to the glossary gives a number of
modifications of kempe.
* Vide Sharpe's edition, p. 134 ; 1819 edition.
4* S. IX. JAX. 6, '72. ]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
About four miles south of Belfast, in Dun-
donald parish, and townland of Greene/raves, there
is a very fine cromlech called by the country
people "the kempe stone." "VV. II. P.
Belfast.
Jamieson, in his Scottish Dictionary ', has " To
Kemp, v. n. to strive." This phrase is always
applied to shearers in the harvest field, in the
southern counties of Scotland. It has been noticed
by no less than seven contributors to " N. & Q.,"
and derivations given, but not one of them seems
to have been aware of the humorous manner Allan
Ramsay makes use of it in his inimitable poem,
" Christ's Kirk on the Green." It being probable
that many of the present generation, south of the
Tweed, are unacquainted with this poem the
first canto of which was composed by James I.,
King of Scotland they are herewith presented
with a stanza towards the close of the second
canto, in which it is said, " They kempit with
their teeth " :
" TVa times aught bannocks in a heap,
An' twa guidj unts o' beef,
Wi' hind an' fore spaul o' a sheep,'
Drew whittles frae ilka sheath :
Wi' gravey a' their beards did dreep,
They kempit wi' their teeth ;
A kebbuck syne that niaist cou'd creep
Its lane, pat on the sheaf
In stems that dav."
PAX.
This surname or word is derived, according to
Blomefield the Norfolk historian, " from the Saxon
word to kemp, or combat, which in Norfolk is
retained to this day, a foot- ball match being called
'camping ' or < kemping '; and thus in Saxon a
kemper signifies a combatant, a champion, or a
man of arms. This family hath been of long
continuance in this county " of Norfolk. (See
Blomefield's Norfolk, vol. i. under " Gissing.")
Gotfred Kemp, of Norfolk, Esq., had a daugh-
ter Ann, who was married to Jevan Bladvvell of
Great Thurlow, Suffolk, anno 1154.
I was not aware till I saw MR. THOMAS DOB-
SON'S query that the word kemp was used in the
sense of severe harvest-field work. .
T. S. NORGATE.
Sparham, Xorwich.
PRINTED MATTER COPIED (4 th S. viii. 480.)
The paper alluded to may be obtained of Weigle
(not Wergler, apothecary, Nuremberg, at six
kreutzers a sheet, or one florin thirty-six kreut-
zers per book. Any foreign bookseller would,
doubtless, undertake the commission. He also
supplies a peculiar form of rubber, for giving the
necessary pressure, at the price of nine kreutzers.
Full details of the process are to be found in the
Bayerisches Industrie und Geicerbeblatt, 1870,
p. 210 ; 1871, p. 217. Would a translation be of
any interest? R, B. P.
KIDLT-WINK (4 th S. viii. 486.) This is surely
the same as kiddle-a-ivink a word which adver-
tisements and placards made sufficiently familiar
to the public eye just before the appearance of
Beeton's Christmas Annual for 1803. It was used
as the general title of a collection of stories sup-
posed to be told by some persons snowed up in a
Cornish ale-house or kiddle-a-wink. The author
of the tales, Francis Derrick, offers the following
etymology :
" In Cornwall, every ale-hou=e licensed to sell beer only
is called a kiddle-a-wink. The name is said to have
arisen thus : About thirty years ago, when I believe an
Act of Parliament had just been passed establishing the
new licence, some miners entered one of the first of the
new-fashioned beer-houses and demanded some toddy.
' I am not licensed to sell spirits,' answered the poor
woman who kept the place, looking hard at the men ;
' but I can boil the keddle (kettle) for e', and ef ye mind
to wink when I pouar out tha hot waatur, maybe you'll
find it's draawed out of an uncommon good well.' The
miners did as the}' were told, and as they stirred and
drank the hot water, one of them said, ' So the gran' folks
up to Lunnun church-town that make tha laas cael this a
beer-houe, they do. Aw ! my dear, I should cael et a
keddle-an'-wink. An ef thee stick to thic name, Un
(Aunt) Tamson, thee'st do a pewer stem of trade ; but ef
thee kips to tha name they give et oop to Lunnun church-
town, thee waient fnng (earn) much cobshans (savings)
fer thee ould age. What do e say, soas (friends) ? I reckon
I'm right. Give me a drap more hot water out of the
kiddle-a-wink, do e now, co'. (This last is a coaxing
term generally added to every entreaty by the Cornish.)
Thus, without the aid of parliament or of lexicon, a word
was coined, that instantaneously and like a flash was
conveyed throughout the county and adopted by every
possessor of the new licence; and although beer-houses
doubtless sell nothing but beer, they nevertheless remain
kiddle- a-winks to this day." Beeton's Christmas A nnual
for 1863, p. 39, note.
ST. SWITHIN.
CHANGE OF BAPTISMAL NAME (4 th S. viii. 66,
153, 443.) That a baptismal name can be changed
at confirmation appears to have been recognised
at the close of the last century. The following
passage opens a popular address by Mr. Walter in
the first number of The Times, Jan. 1, 1788, in
which he explains his reasons for changing the
name of his newspaper from that of the Universal
Register to the shorter one The Times:
" The Universal Register has been a name as injurious
to the logographic newspaper as Tristram was to Mr.
Shandy's "son ; but old Shandy forgot he might have
rectified by confirmation the mistake of the parson at
baptism, and with the touch of a bishop changed Tristram
into Trismegistus." Grant's Neu-spaper Press, 1871,
vol. i. p. 425.
H. P. D.
BRIOT (4 th S. viii. 351, 424.) This word, as
applied to a dish, doubtless means an example of
the famous works by Fran 9013 Briot, a French
sculptor or engraver in relief, who flourished in
the sixteenth century during the reign of Henri II.
It is not unlikely that the highly finished works
of Francois Briot were produced in both gold and
20
NOTES AND QUERIES.
S. IX. JAX. G, 72.
silver, and, owing to the great cost of those
metals, replicated or cast by the artist in pewter
(etain). Good examples may be seen in the South
Kensington Museum, but I am not aware of any
known ones in either of the precious metals. (See
Labarte, Hist, des Arts indtistrieh an Moyen Age,
vol. ii. p. 173.) W. MATCHWICX.
BEER-JUG INSCRIPTIONS (4 th S. viii. 303, 387,
427, 460.) I have a jug, in centre inscribed
"William Gab, 1776," while on one side is a
plough, with " God speed the plough " ; on the
other, a wheatsheaf with (i Success to the grain
returned." W. M. M.
RUDSTONE MONOLITH (4 th S. viii. 368, 462.)
It is possible that this remarkable monument is
not a bauta stone, but a British menhir, dedicated
to the sun under his title The Red.
In Ruthwell churchyard (Red's Well), Dum-
friesshire, are the broken fragments of a similar
monolith, twenty feet high, exclusive of cap and
pedestal. The pillar was thus broken by order of
the General Assembly, 1644 (superstitionis causa).
Rudstone probably was an ancient object of
worship. The word is to be found in many coun-
tries. Rohan and Rouen recall our rowan and
its red berries, efficacious against witchcraft. The
Val de Barrousse in the Pyrenees, Rossel in Serk,
Rousillon in the south of France, Ross in Scotland,
are instances of Ross or Roux.* RossGrani is the
Norwegian name for the old sun deity, degraded
to an ogre, otherwise Redgrain, the same as Dido's
Grynseus Apollo, the Grian of the Irish.
Rotomagus, Rutupium, the Rhodanus, are
further instances of the word being known to the
Latins, probably through the form rwtilans, or the
Greek rhodon. Red and yellow were colours
sacred to the sun. The red poppy is coquelicot
in French, and Cock (Welsh cock, red) was one
of the sun's many titles. E. R. P.
ETYMOLOGY or "HARROWGATE" (4 th S. viii
179, 312, 406, 460.) The worship of Aur or Ar,
"the morning," by the British (Aurigny is the
"fire of Aur" in France) seems to be preserved
to us in such names as Harrow. Harrow (Aur's
Hoe), Harlow, Arbory Low in Derbyshire, are all
the same word differently formed. Harborough
and Warborough are the same, as the Oarstone,
Harstone, Warstone are various spellings of the
monolith or menhir of Aur existing in different
localities. Harrogate is the " path of Aur."
The Warrie Glen is a haunted spot near Dum-
Wane - E. R. P.
* The " Cadet Roussel " of the French nursery is
probably a myth of the pagan sun -god, Roux Sel. '
Rodmarton is probably the enclosure of Rodmar the
great Red One.
Hrothgar, Rodbert, Roderic, Rodiger, are proofs of the
use of this title in Gothic surnames. Rouena is another.
There is a hill near Harrowgate called Harlow
Hill, or sometimes Harlow Car. Can Harrow-
gate have been originally Harlowgate, as from it
there is a road to Harlow ? M. B.
PHENOMENON or THE SUN (4 th S. viii. 183, 293,
387, 460.) To your learned correspondent's quo-
tation from old Horace allow me to add another
from the same source, which has likewise its
worth " Est modus in rebus "j and to plead, as
an excuse for the obscurity of the note he so
justly criticises, the fear I am always in of abus-
ing your space, which made me strike out, in
transcribing my note for " N. & Q.," the extract
I had at first made from the Magazinpittoresque;
which showed clearly that it was not Mr. Bot-
tineau who was " in the clouds," but that it was
he who, in 1810, at the Isle of France, first saw
by reflection in the clouds the three English men-
of-war that appeared the next day at Port Louis.
And now, sir, as confession, we are taught, is
the first step towards forgiveness and I fully
acknowledge my fault so I trust to your indul-
gence and MR. TEW'S to forgive me. P. A. L.
ANTIQUE HEADS IN MEDIEVAL SEALS (4 th S.
vii. 493 ; viii. 12.) Perhaps the most interesting
of all examples of the use of classical gems, during
the mediaeval period, is that brought to light by
Mr. Smirke at Wardour Castle. I allude to the
representation of the Laocoon on a seal attached to
a document in the possession of Lord Arundel of
Wardour. Mr. Smirke has noticed the intaglio
in Dr. Oliver's Monasticon (additional supplement,
p. 5) ; and Mr. C. W. King has written a very in-
teresting paper on the subject in the Archaological
Journal (No. 93, 1867). The latter points out
that when Goethe had an opportunity of study-
ing a collection of antique gems, he believed
" that here it was also undeniable that copies of great
important ancient works, for ever lost to us, are pre-
served, like so many jewels, within these narrow limits;
hardly any branch of art wanted a representative amongst
them ; in'scarcely any class of subjects was a deficiency
to be observed." "
Mr. King, in his Handbook of Engraved Gems
(p. 45), has described gems which are the only
things preserving the memory of the masterpieces
of Canachus. Apelles, and others.
This intaglio of the Laocoon formed the private
seal of Thomas Colyns, prior of Tywardreth from
1507 to 1539. Mr. King thinks it
" possesses even r characteristic warranting its ascription
to the best period of Greek art in this particular branch,
viz. the two centuries commencing with the era of Lysip-
pus and Pyrgoteles."
As the Laocoon was found in 1512, there is a
possibility that Colyns got a gem-copy of the
sculpture. But a fact appears which renders such
a supposition very improbable, to say the least.
In the seal the father, with his right arm bent.
S. IX. JAN. G, 72.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
21
is trying to tear away the head of the serpent
from his throat ; while in the marble, as it now
appears, the arm is extended at full length, merely
forcing away a fold of the serpent's body. It
seems, however, that when the sculpture was dis-
covered the part in question was wanting, and
Michael Angelo restored it ; and it is wonderful
that he should have so mistaken the meaning 1 of
the original. I refer your readers interested in
the subject to Mr. King's valuable paper for his
ascription of a Grecian origin to the gem-copy of
the Laocoon. JOHN PIGGOT, Jux., F.S.A.
CURIOUS BAPTISMAL NAMES (4 th S. viii. 64,
136, 334, 464.) The female name of Anne was
borne by one of the Pawlett family in the last
century, for some time M.P. for this borough.
Also by Sir Frederic Anne Hervey, second
baronet, who took the name of Bathurst. The
former was so called after his royal godmother.
S. H. A. H.
Bridgewater.
Burke's Peerage gives us George Augustus
Henry Anne Parkyns, the latejmd last Baron
Kancliffe j born 1785, died 1850. JOHN PIKE.
" Florence is certainly a female name," but not
until it had been for many centuries a male one.
We have a whole line of Counts of Plolland, chiefly
bearing the name of Floris, Florens, or Florence.
The earliest instance of the use of Florence as a
female name which I have met with, is in the
case of Florence, daughter of Hugh de Courtenay
of Devon, and Margaret Carrnmo. Her father
was killed at Tewkesbury, May 4, 1471. In the
next generation stands Florence Hastings, Lady
Grey de Wilton, living 1511; and later still,
Florence d'Albini, Countess of Bath, who died
before 1548. HERMENTRUEE.
SPEEL " (4 th S. viii. 205, 293, 462.) Notwith-
standing the many replies provoked by JAYDEE'S
inquiry, his siirrffle question has not yet received
the simple reply it so clearly demands. I may
be allowed, therefore, to say that the word speel
is used in the sense of a splinter of wood in many
parts of Scotland, where the local patois gives
that sound to what is more commonly pronounced
spate. Thus Janiieson, sub voce, has spate, spail,
speal, for a splinter or chip ; and among the ex-
amples of its use are found the Scotch proverbs :
"He that hews above his head, may have the
speed fall in his eye "; and again, " He is not the
best wright that hews maist speeds" as it is
given by Ferguson, both equivalent to speel
On the Border two words of very similar sound
are in every-day use : (1) spale or speed, as above,
the small splinters used to kindle fires ; and (2)
speel, v. n. to climb, as a tree, a hill. In using
these the Lowlander says, spale and speel; the
Highlander, speal and speele, the one sound the
broad vernacular, the other sharp, according to
the practice of the Anglified Gaelic speech.
W. E.
This word is used by the boys here in the sig-
nification " to climb." They speel a pole, a tree,
or the mast of a ship. JAYCEE.
Aberdeen.
I recorded in your pages two years ago (4 th S.
iv. 546) a provincial use of this word. I have
heard a boy in the grammar school here say he
had got a speel in his finger, meaning a small
splinter from the form. W. D. SWEETING.
Peterborough.
CURIOUS ADDRESSES ON LETTERS (4 th S. viii.
5, 163, passim, 468.) Am I not right in thinking
that, some fifty years ago, this Scotch firm at
Liverpool was, not Mac Arthur, but " Mac Iver,
Mac Vicar, and Mac Corquodale"? And some
one, not knowing exactly how to write it, ad-
dressed them simply, " The three Macs of Liver-
pool " and the letter came duly to hand.
P. A. L.
"LES SUPEHCHERIES LITTERAIRES DEVOILEES":
HARRY LORREQUER (4 th S. viii. 412, 489.) I
believe the surmise to be perfectly correct. At
all events, if MR. OLPHAR HAMST will turn to the
Dublin University Magazine for May 1847, the
first article will be found to be a very severe
diatribe upon the character and manners of the
Germans, entitled "A Chapter of Continental
Gossip : a German Grand Ducal City, by Harry
Lorrequer." I have always considered this to be
by Charles Lever himself, and hardly think that
another would thus have been allowed to identify
himself with him. I may perhaps be excused if,
only on the ex pede principle, I transcribe the
following amusing lines :
" KENNST DU DAS LAND," ETC-
" Away with all jesting, sit procttl ! ye scorners,
I sing the Land of Tobacco about !
Of Gniidige Frauen and Hoch Wohlgebornen,
Of Hamels Cotelettcn, and eke sauer Kraut.
Where even the language can interdict joking,
Nor gleam of bright fancy can ever arouse
The brains that are torpid by hourly smoking,
Or inventing flat phrases to flatter fat Fraus.
Where men have no higher enjoyment than spitting,
Or lounging in gardens to sip sour wine ;
And lady-like pastimes are centered in knitting,
Or cooking fat messes adapted for swine.
Where age is like childhood, and childhood old-
fashion'd ;
Where prosing and twaddle are taken for sense;
Where even young manhood is never impassion'd,
And the semblance of pleasantry deemed an offence.
The fancy-struck maiden I hope I shan't kill her,
By letting sueh treason escape from my hand ;
But such is the country of Goethe and Schiller,
And such are the types of the Aimed Fatherland.
WILLIAM BATES, B.A.
Birmingham.
22
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[4 th S. IX. JAN. 6, 72.
"A CARRION CROW" (4 th S. viii. 296, 377.)
The following is the first verse of this song, as
sung in this country :
" As I walked out one morning in the spring,
Fiddy, iddy, iddy, iddy, i-dough !
As I walked out one morning in the spring,
In hopes to hear the little birds sing,
To my heigh-ho ! the carrion crow
Cries "caw! caw !
Fiddy, iddy, iddy, iddy, i-dough ! "
Two of the lines in another verse are sung
thus :
" O wife ! bring down some physic in a spoon,
For the old sow's fallen in a tarry-able swoon."
The tune is very lively and agreeable.
UKEDA.
Philadelphia.
AMERICAN STATE NICKNAMES (4 th S. viii. 282,
379.) In this article there are two errors. Pen-
awites (one of the nicknames of the Pennsylva-
nians) should be Pennawites. This name was
given by the Connecticut settlers of northern
Pennsylvania during the controversy between
Pennsylvania and Connecticut. Beadies (the
nickname of the Virginians) should be Beagles.
M. E.
Philadelphia.
PROVINCIAL GLOSSARY (4 th S. v. vi. passim ; viii.
381, 441.) The difficulty of accounting for the
pansy, or "love in idleness," being corrupted, as
your correspondent observes, into " loving idols,"
will be lessened in a great measure if he will
recollect that an old form of the word idleness
was "idlesse " (vide Spenser). No doubt the old
name. of the flower was "love in idlesse," from
which the corruption into "loving idols," or, as I
used to hear it pronounced in Wiltshire as a boy,
" loving idles," is natural.
I perfectly well recollect in Somersetshire the
common use of the word empt for " empty."
GEORGE WOODHOUSE.
8, Chesham Place, Brighton.
" CAST FOR DEATH " (4 th S. viii. 398, 458.)
My father has in his possession a penny which,
like the halfpenny mentioned by MR. SWEETING^
is perfectly smooth. On one side is scratched
" Geor. Hall cast for death at Newgate the 7 of
December 1827 " on the other are figures of a
woman and little child, with the legend " Char-
lotte Monday and her mother." My father's ex-
planation is, that coins of this description were
supposed to be scratched by condemned culprits
at Newgate, and disposed of for them by their
friends or relations in exchange for the means of
purchasing little comforts otherwise unattainable.
He has an impression that he has somewhere
read an account of these coins, in which this ex-
planation is given, but cannot recall the reference.
The scratching was, he believes, really done out-
side the prison by persons who made a trade of
the proceeding; and, judging from the morbid
fondness which is exhibited for relics of criminals,
the suggestion seems likely enough. The coins
referred to by your other correspondents do not
seem to me to point to any explanation of the
words " cast for death," or the dates. If the
above be correct, the first date on MR. SWEET-
ING'S coin would be that of the sentence, and the
second that of her execution. A reference to the
Newgate Calendar, or some similar work, might
throw further light upon the matter.
JAMES BRITTEN.
British Museum.
HOGARTH'S "'MODERN MIDNIGHT CONVERSA-
TION " (4 th S. viii. 268, 424.) Since my note at
the first reference I have been assured that the
painting at Lausanne is perfectly genuine, and
that its purchase is under consideration by the
direction of our National Gallery. An English
gentleman now in Lausanne is acquainted with
the history of the picture, and says that it ouyht
to be in our National Gallery. Thanks to MR.
HAIG, but as I am travelling abroad I cannot
accept his kind invitation.
JAMES HENRY DLXON.
PRINTERS' ERRORS (4 th S. viii. 51, passim, 440.)
DR. CHANCE quotes the scrap of Latin found
among the papers of the Rev. J. S. Watson, and
says, "the meaning is of course quite plain."
This ia true of the first sentence, but if he will
make the second intelligible in English he will
really oblige a good many of your readers. In one
of the daily papers it was translated" It has
often pained one who loved formerly to try to-
love always." The meaning of this is evident,
but it is obtained by introducing the words to try*
for which there is no sanction in the original.
L. W.
There is an interesting article on " Misprints "
in Household Words, xi. 232.
EDWARD PEACOCK.
SIR PHILIP FITZWARYN (4 th S. viii. 210, 337.)
HERMENTRTJDE will find that I correctly stated the
parentage of Sir Philip Fitzwaryn of Bratton (4 th
S. viii. 210 *). The Philip she supposes may be
the same is a "different person altogether," and
moreover mentioned in the will of his grand-
mother " Elanor Guaryn," given in my reply to
one of her own queries (4 th S. iii. 230). I may
add that I did not write without some knowledge
of the difficulties of the Fitzwaryn pedigree, occa-
sioned chiefly by genealogists who have not been
sufficiently careful to discriminate between the
various Fulks, Williams, Philips.
A. S. ELLIS.
" FINIS CORONAT OPUS " (4 th S. viii. 67, 175.)
Apropos to MR. TIEDEMAN'S remarks on this old
* Erratum. For two great concessions read too.
4' h S. IX. JAN. C, 72.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
2.1
saying (p. 175 of the previous volume), I may men-
tion that there is carved in stone over the doorway
of an addition to the old castle of Dalquharan,
Ayrshire, " Ut scriptura sonat, Finis non pugna
coronat." Dalquharan is the seat of the Kennedys
of Dunure, and the new portion of the building on
which the legend appears bears the date 1679,
about which time it was a pious fashion in Scot-
land to quote the Bible over the threshold of
houses then building. I have been in hopes of
identifying the chapter and verse of the scripture
MR. TIEDEMAN takes so much interest in, but
have as yet failed to do so. The mottoes in ques-
tion were not always exactly in the words of the
Bible as, for instance, that found in Glasgow over
the entrance to the house supposed to have been
the residence of Zachary Boyd, who wrote the
Floicers of Zion, and left his money to the univer-
sity. The motto in question is this " God's pro-
vidence is mine inheritance." W. B. SCOTT.
REV. CHAELES WEST THOMSON (4 th S. viii.
265.) This gentleman has been for several
years past the rector of a Protestant Episcopal
church in York, the county town of York County,
Pennsylvania. The volume entitled The Phantom
Barge and other Poems contains three poems
written in a dramatic form namely, "Albertine, a
Dramatic Sketch " ; " lanthe, a Dramatic Scene " ;
and "The Sisters, a Descriptive Sketch/' The
two other volumes mentioned contain no pieces of
this kind. UNEDA.
Philadelphia.
STAITH (4 th S. viii. 395, 489.) This word, fre-
quently spelt statthe, is in common use in Nor-
wich and throughout the districts drained by the
navigable rivers Wensum, Yare, and Bure. It
signifies a quay or landing-place for goods. The
word is found in old records and deeds as well as
in those of modern date. In the local newspapers
and their advertisements the word is in current
use. P. LE NEVE FOSTER (a Norfolk man.)
COMMONPLACE BOOK OF LADY ELIZABETH COPE
(4 th S. viii. 391.) For notices of the Cope family
I would refer MR. ROBINSON to an easily got
book viz. the modern reprint of Sir Anthony
Cope's Godly Meditation vpon XX Psalrnes, 1547,
with its full biographic introduction. Probably
the present Sir W. II. Cope, Bart., may be able
to shed light on the poetic gift of Lady Elizabeth
Cope. With reference to the initials G. W.,
they are plainly those of George Wither, the
Paraphrase upon the Creed and Lord's Prayer
being a well-known production of his, not pub-
lished however until 1688. The Spenser Society
ought to see this MS. The last piece printed in
MR. ROBINSON'S interesting communication will
be found appended to Tuke's Breaden God (1625),
which indeed is very much an expansion of the
lines, as half owned by Tuke himself in a curious
note (see my reprint of Tuke in Fuller Worthies 1
Library Miscellanies, vol. iii.) The other " copies
of verses " seem familiar to me, but I cannot at
present "note" where I have met with them.
The MS. I find also contains Sir Thomas Browne's
vivid little poem known to everybody.
A. B. GROSART.
St. George's, Blackburn, Lancashire.
" SKETCHES OF YOUNG LADIES " : " SKETCHES
OF YOUNG GENTLEMEN " (3 rd S. xii. 130, 219.)
In your number for August 17, 1887, you inserted
a fquery of mine as to the author of these two
little volumes. I asserted too confidently that the
author of the one was the author of the other,
and hazarded a guess that he was the author of
Pickivick. A correspondent answered me about a
month afterwards (p. 219) that Charles Dickens
was certainly not, for that another gentleman was,
the author of the Sketches of Young Ladies. Mr.
Forster in his Life of Dickens now tells us
(p. 128) that the Sketches of Young Gentlemen
was the work of Charles Dickens, and that another
volume about tl Young Couples " proceeded from
his pen. The latter I have never seen nor heard
of till now. C. T. B.
FRENCH AND FLEMISH EMIGRANTS (4 th S. viii.
283, 488.) As one of the humble but not labori-
ous students to whom VIATOR alludes in " N. & Q. v
(4 th S. viii. 475), I take the liberty of informing
EGARthat there is alist of eighty-one foreign names
that occurs in the register of Sandtoft Chapel in
a small History of Thorne, printed and published
by S. Whaley, Thome, 1829. The name^ of
Amory (suggesting "JohnBuncle") appears twice.
MAHARG.
"GREAT GRIEFS ARE SILENT" (4 th S. viii. 166,
195, 254, 291, 382, 491.) There is a beautiful
expression in Metastasio (Giro, atto primo, scena
seconda), which is confirmatory of this saying :
" Basta cosi t' intendo ;
Gih, ti spiegasti a pieno,
E mi diresti meno,
Se mi dicessi piii."
H. E. WILKINSON.
Penge.
FINDERNE'S FLOWERS (4 th S. viii. 92, 155, 236,
464.) In " N. & Q." (p. 92) appeared a note from
me signifying that, after a careful search, Fin-
derne's flowers were found to be Narcissus poeticus.
MR. BRITTEN, for whose botanical judgment I
have the sinceresfr esteem, has (p. 464) objected
to my inferred conclusion that Narcissus poeticus
is a native of Palestine. I therefore feel bound to
give the data from which I draw my conclusion.
Miss Rogers, the observant and truthful author
of Domestic Life in Palestine, who lived in that
country five years, and journeyed (we may say)
"from Dan to Beersheba," and from " the shores
of the great sea " to the city of Damascus, makes
24
NOTES AND QUERIES.
S. IX. JAN. 6, 72.
frequent mention of the flora of that country ;
and, in a letter that I received from her in June
last, she says that " Narcissus poeticus grows in
Palestine by never-failing streams."
I am aware that Loudon gives Narcissus poeticus
as a native of "south of Europe" only; so also
Nerium oleander, which nevertheless grows abun-
dantly on the banks of the Jordan j nor indeed
are the olive, the myrtle, auemonies, cyclamens,
irises, and many others of which I possess dried
specimens brought from the Holy Land recog-
nised by him as native in Palestine : from which
we may infer that the flora of that country is
but partially known. Therefore, confiding in my
friend Miss Rogers' authority, I still incline to
believe that Narcissus poeticus is a native of the
Holy Land, and the flower which the good Sir
Geoffrey planted in his garden at Finderne, and
which has, by its pefsistent growth, perpetuated
the memory of a lost family and his own " gentle
knighthood." ANNA HARRISON.
Beckenham.
NINE ORDERS OF ANGELS (4 th S. viii. 2G4, . 4 >o7,
421, 491.) The orders of angels were first re-
duced to nine by the pseudo Dionysius. The
most perfect representation which we have of
them is in a series in the windows of New Col-
lege Chapel, Oxford, an account of which, with
illustrations, is given in Parker's Calendar of the
Anglican Church illustrated. The orders are (1)
Angels, (2) Archangels, (3) Virtues, (4) Powers,
(5) Dominations, (6) Principalities, (7) Thrones,
(8) Seraphim, (9) Cherubim. The interme-
diate orders (3, 4, &c.) are frequently alluded to
by St. Paul e. g. Rom. viii. 38; Eph. i. 21;
Col. i. 16; and by St. Peter, 1, iii. 22.
E. L. BLENKINSOPP.
Springthorpe Rectory.
"Dip " IN MENDIP (4 th S. viii. 144, 275, 386.)
Does not the Men in Mendip (if dip is the Welsh
dil), fall, or depth) indicate the worship of the
moon, as in the Menai (moon- water) Straits, Mon-
mouth and the Monnow ? Mancunium and Man-
duessidum are Romanised forms of the Northern
mam, the moon; akin to Noivwjvfa (mensis), and
the Hebrew manah, numbered, divided. Min-
erva and Sul are classed as the same goddess in
inscriptions on altars now extant in the Bath
Museum. E. R. P.
THE SHAPWICK MONSTER (4 th S. viii. 334, 480.)
"Your correspondent MR. JOHN CROSS has put a
poser to me. I do not believe that any one has
the_ slightest idea of the date of the occurrence,
which rests entirely on oral tradition ; and may,
so far as I know, extend back to the glacial age.
W. S.
STOCK AND FLUTE (4 th S. viii. 419, 487.) This,
when rightly quoted, "stock and fluke," is sea
slang, and means totality = a whole anchor.
U. 0-N.
This (corrupted) expression, though possibly
obsolete, is no bagman's slang-. My father was a
merchant and shipowner, and I constantly heard
something like it both at his table and in his
office when a boy. It was used for " entirely,"
" totally." Any one over-head-and-ears in debt
was said to be ruined " stock and flue " (not flute),
sometimes "pea and flue." A total wreck was
described in tbe same form of words. But there
was a stronger form of the saying which shows
its origin. A youth desperately smitten with the
tender passion, for instance, was declared to be
11 pea, flue, and anchor-stock " in love the nau-
tical corruption of peak, finite, and stock, those
parts of a well-held ship's anchor which are forced
into (the first two being often quite buried in)
the bed of the sea. SHERRARDS.
THE UNBAPTISED CHILD (4 th S. viii. 500.)
In MR. CUTHBERT BEDE'S paper, "Traditionary
Stories of Argyllshire," occurs the following pas'-
sage :
" It is believed by many in Cantire th.it if a child dies
before it has been baptised, it is neither taken to heaven
nor cast into hell, and that its soul is neither lost nor
saved, but is left upon the earth and made a syreachan
raidhlic, 'a shrieker of a burying-place.' "
Does not this Scottish tradition throw some
light on the meaning of a passage in Macbeth.
Act I. Sc. 7 ?
" And pity, like a naked new born babe
Striding the blast, or heaven's cherubin, hors'd
Upon the sightless couriers of the air,
Shall blow the horrid deed in every eye,
That tears shall drown the wind."
H. A. KENNEDY.
Waterloo Lodge, Reading.
At Looe and Polperro, in southeast Cornwall,
unbaptized children were formerly believed to
become fairies, or, in the language of the district,
pi&ies. WM. PENGELLY.
Torquay.
PIG-KILLING (4 th S. viii. 505.) This supersti-
tion is, I believe, widely spread. In A Journey
to the Western Islands, <?., Dr. Johnson says of
the people there :
" They expect better crops of grain by sowing their
peed in the moon's increase. The moon" has great in-
fluence in vulgar philosophy-. In my memory it was a
precept annually given in one of the English almanacks,
to kill hogs when the moon was increasing, and the
bacon would prove the better in boiling." Johnson's
Works, London, 1796, viii. 342.
Did Vox Stellarum condescend to utter such
uncelestial injunctions? ST. SWITHIN.
The superstition mentioned by MR. FALKNER
seems to have been very prevalent formerly. See
"Moon, Superstitions respecting the," Penny Cy-
clopadia, vol. xv. p. 378. WM. PENGELLY.
FOLK LORE: ROBINS (4 tb S. viii. 505.) The
superstition about robins is known in parts of
4*S. IX. JAN. (i, Ti'. J
NOTES AXD QUEKIES.
25
Derbyshire, where the catching or killing of a
robin, or taking the eggs from a robin's nest, is
certain to be followed by misfortune of some sort,
such as the death of cattle or the blight of corn.
The folks say :
" Robins and wrens
Are God's best cocks and hens.
Martins and swallows
Are God's best, scholars."
And these birds are for the most part held in
veneration. But I know of places where the de-
light of rough men and youths, in spare time on
Sundays, was (and perhaps is) "jeuty hunting":
that is, hunting to death with sticks and stones
any unfortunate wren they could find.
THOS. RATCLLFFE.
"MANURE " (4 th S. viii. 399, 470.) It does not
appear that this word is ever found as manure
when used as a verb, but only when a substantive.
So that Cowper, in the Garden, has preserved for
us a trace of a distinction which we should other-
wise probably have overlooked ; namely, that there
was at one time a different pronunciation for the
verbal and the substantival uses of this word. We
are familiar with the manner of distinction in a
rebel and to rebel ; a record, and to record. These
distinctions are not very old, as appears in the
latter case from the fact that the lawyers still
speak of records substantively. Also we find in
Spenser the substantive record
"But bv record of antique times I finde/'
F. Q. in. 2. 2.
The pronunciation manure is therefore merely
an example of natural effort to mark by pronun-
ciation the difference between the verbal and sub-
stantival uses of the same word. There are many
other cases besides the above, and of a different
sort. Compare the difference of pronunciation
between a house and to house ; between a use and
to use ; an advice and to advise ; a prophecy and to
prophesy. It was new to me that the word manure.
had ever been subjected to this sort of modifica-
tion, and a very interesting observation it is.
JOHN EARLE.
GTJIDMAN (4 th S. viii. 479.) The passage re-
quired from Sir George Mackenzie seems to be
the following one, which occurs in chap. ii. of his
Science of Herauldry (Edinburgh, 1680)
"This remembers me of a custom in Scotland, which is
but gone lately in dissuetude, and that is, that such as did
hold their lands of the prince were called lairds ; but such
as held their lands of a subject, though they were large
and their superiour very noble, were only called good-men,
from the old French Avord bonne homine, which was the
title of the master of the family."
J. H. I. OAKLET.
RUMMAGE (4 th S. viii. 453.) Is not this word
rather of Anglo-Saxon derivation, from Rum and
agan : to obtain or make room, which appears to
be its correct meaning, used commercially at the
present day. " To rummage up " in a warehouse
means the restowing of goods to make room for
more. Hence " rummage sale goods," which
means those goods are offered for sale found on
such a restowing or rummaging. Likewise the
"rummaging a ship" is the clearing away the
rernanets of an inward cargo preparatory to the
taking in of the outward cargo.
WILLIAM PHILLIPS.
Hackney.
GARRET AND GERALD (4 th S. viii. 479.) We
find in Jacob's Law Dictionary, under title " Mis-
| noiner," "Peter and Piers have been adjudged
| one and the same name, and Garrett and Gerald
j are but one name." " But," adds Lower, " Garrett
I is a hamlet in Surrey, famous for its mock mayor."
No doubt Garret might corrupt from Gerald
(Gerold, Gerhold, Jerrold, Garrold, Jarrold), like
! Garbutt from Gerbold ; but Garrett (Garett,
j Garratt) is more probably from Gerard (Garrard,
Jarravd), and still more so from Garrad (Garrod,
I Garrood, Garrud), the inverse of Roger, Rodger.
R. S. CHARNOCK.
Gray's Inn.
P.S. The first syllable of the name Rodger is
from the 0. G. rat, consilium, consiliarius ; the
last from ger, telum, missile, bellum, cupidus,
cupide (gar, telum, totus, paratus, valde).
Miss Yonge, in her History of Christian Names,
tells us that Gerhold, a Saxon, migrated to Ireland,
took the cowl, ^founded a monastery at Tenipul
Gerald, did other saintly deeds, and died A.D. 732.
The Irish call St. Gerhold " Garalt, and have con-
fused his name with the Keltic Gareth, one of the
Knights of the Round Table, so that Garrett and
Gerald are regarded as identical."
J. H. I. OAKLEY.
The derivation of Gerald (synonyms Girald,
Gerard, Girard, Giraud, &c., and probably also
| Garret, Jarrett, &c.), is possibly from the Welsh
Geirydd, a speaker j or, as some think, the Gaelic
(and allied forms) geier, ger, an eagle (preserved
in ger-falcon, &c.) The name of Giraldus Cam-
breusio, a Welshman, was written in French
Gerald or Girard Barri, or du Barri. His patro-
nymic did not, probably, contain the /, which ap-
peared first in the Latinised form. This trans-
mutation of liquids is illustrated in many other
words, such as Bretwalda for Bret-?cwY/#.
The above may not establish the identity of
I Garret and Gerald, but it shows their close sirni-
| larity, and perhaps points to their common origin.
L. SERGEANT.
DOVERCOURT (4 th S. viii. 479.) Baxter accounts
for too much in deriving the first part of this
name from dwr isc. The place was named from
its situation near water, from the British dwr,
26
NOTES AND QUERIES.
S. IX. JAN. 6, '72.
divfr. Hence Dover, Kent, named from a stream
called the Dore. R. S. CHARNOCK.
Gray's lun.
QUEEN MARY (4 th S. viii. 433.) DR. ROGERS
quotes the register in the Canongate church, Edin-
burgh, as to a record of the murder of David
Rizzio, and of the Queen's marriage. The register
of Rizzio's death is obviously wrong. The mar-
riage of Mary and Darnley took place in July
1565 ; Rizzio was assassinated in March 1566 ;
Darnley was murdered in Feb. 1567. See Cham-
bers' Book of Days, vol. i. j also Froude's Elizabeth,
vol. viii. J. W.
WILD BEASTS FOR SALE (4 th S. viii. 514.) I
may mention (not by way of advertisement) that
on page 990 of the Post Office London Directory
for 1871 the name of '' Jamrach, Chas., naturalist
and importer of foreign shells, birds, and animal?,"
is to be found. A.
IRISH BULLS (4 th S. viii. 515.) Mr. W. Steuart
Trench, in his Realities of Irish Life (second edi-
tion, page 189), has these words: "The house
where the trial took place was a large barn ";
and I heard them quoted by an Irish peer (Lord
Clancarty), without any suggestion that there was
anything paradoxical about them, in the great
debate upon the Irish Church in the House of
Lords in 1869. A.
Bow BEARER (4 th S, viii. 414.) Baines's Lan-
cashire, iii. 305, tells us as regards Bow land For-
rest, one of the principal officers was the bow-
bearer and chief steward, called, in a patent of
Henry IV. to Sir James Harrington, the forrester.
In after times Baines says he was called the
parker, and this feudal oifice was held for three
centuries by the family of Parker of Browesholnie
as hereditary bow-bearers of Bowland Forest.
P.P.
-THE VERB " PROGRESS" (4 th S. viii. 369.) So
far as I understand, the Americanism is not the
invention of a new verb, but the un grammatical
alteration of the irregular verb " progress " into
the spurious regular verb " progress."
In the lines of Shakspeare and Ford cited, the
rhythm requires a false pronunciation a poetical
licence made use of by Byron in his " Spoils of
Trafalgar," and by Shakspeare himself in the fol-
lowing instance : after " Birnani Wood shall
march to Dunsinane" (which is correct), we have
" high Dunsz/zane hill." Here the accent is on
sin to suit the rhythm. S.
COIN (4 th S. viii. 516.) The medal or counter
described by F. B. seems to be an earlier variety
of another which is now very common. On the
obverse is the Queen's head to the left, with
"H. M. G. M. (Her Most Gracious Majesty)
Queen Victoria, 1867." On the reverse is a
horseman in a hussar's dress, with drawn sword, !
but wearing a crown, galloping to the right ; at
his side a two-headed forked-tongued dragon,
with wings and forked tail. "To Hanover,"
above, and " 1837 " in the exergue. This date of
course refers to the accession of the Duke of
Cumberland to the crown of Hanover when her
Majesty became Queen of Great Britain, and was
by the operation of the Salic law precluded from
reigning in Hanover. The reverse was no doubt
struck at the time it bears date. The obverse is
of a later period. They are both of wretched
workmanship. Those I have seen are gilt ; and
though they also, as stated in the editorial note,
" are often used as whist-markers," that is, by
the virtuous, their principal employment is by
sharpers, who _ will display a handful of them to
an intended victim, inducing him to believe that
they are sovereigns. 311.
^ DIABETES MELLITUS (4 th S. viii. 517.) This
disease is mentioned by Celsus and Galen, and
also by the eminent physician Aretams, who gives
a very good account of it. Your correspondent
M. would do well to consult Etienne's erjcravpos ;
Aretaeus,* Uept omi/, &c. &c. Lugd. Bat. 1735,
fol. ; and Kuehn (C. G.), Med. Grcccorum Opera
qua extant, Lips., 1821-30, 8vo. The late Dr.
Golding Bird told me he had invented a better
term than diabetes. If I remember rightly it was
a compound of fieAi and peo>. R. S. CHARNOCK.
Gray's Inn.
CURE FOR RHEUMATISM (4 th S. viii. 505.) Of
course any one can try for himself the cure for
cramp noted by A. L., but I suspect that, the
result granted, imagination is the only solution.
Thus as to the remedy of the raw potato in rheu-
matism I can vouch for the following : Some few
years ago a negro from the United States, wishing
to deliver a lecture on the Civil War in America
then just concluded, called on a clergyman in
Oxfordshire, and observing him writhe frequently
during the interview, asked him if he were suf-
fering from rheumatism. This being admitted by
the vicar, the negro confidently recommended a
raw potato carried in the pocket. a Ah," said
the vicar, "that requires faith, which I have
not." " I don't want faith, but a potato," was
the rejoinder; and the experiment was tried, the
potato, strange to say, being carried in the hind
pocket of a loose surtout. The cure was effected.
Now to show that imagination may have exercised
mysterious influence on body through mind, let
me give a sequel to the above. I was once telling
the story at a dinner-table in London, when one
of the guests broke out with: "Oh, I know all
about that cure, only I never heard of the potato.
One friend of mine was accosted by another, and
* Aretreus defines
ovpoy
ffupicocv KCU
S. IX. JAN. G, 72.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
27
warmly thanked for having removed his rheumatic
pains. ' And,' said he, ' I still carry your ad-
mirable remedy here is the nutmeg.' i Bless me,'
said the other, astonished; ' I recollect giving; you
the advice ; but I never mentioned a nutmeg : I
recommended you a magnet? " \V. T. M.
Shinfield Grove.
NAME "THEASTER" (4 th S. viii. 517.) This
may be a surname which has been used as a bap-
tismal name or a corruption of Theresa, or of
some other high-sounding title, which the parents
adopted without being able to pronounce. The
mother of a cottage girl, Beatrice, to whom I was
introduced, spoke of her as He-trice, thinking, I
suppose, that as p, e } a, spells /*?[], S, e, a must
spell be. I had to ask for the name twice before
I could find out what Be- trice meant.
ST. S WITHIN.
The name Theaster would seem to be derived
from e&y and 'AO-T^J meaning God's star. C. S.
Surely Theaster is a mistake, a concoction. I
have both married and buried many with such
concocted names since I became a clergyman, but
took good care not so to christen any. In my
parish not long since was a male called " Mince."
KANA E PALUDIBUS.
NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.
Recollections of Past Life. By Sir Henry Holland, Bart.,
M.D., F.R.S., D.C.L., &c., President of the Royal In-
stitution of Great Britain, Physician in Ordinary to
the Queen. (Longmans.)
A physician, a metaphysician, a scholar, a man of
science, a man of the world, of genial and generous tem-
perament, and who gratefully acknowledges that his long
life has been happy and prosperous Sir Henry Holland's
Recollections take their tone 'and colour 'from these
characteristics, to which much that is recorded in this
charming book owes its origin. Recorded originally and
put to press for the amusement of the writer's immediate
friends, those friends have only shown a just appreciation
of the merits of the volume in urging upon Sir Henry
Holland the propriety of giving to the world at large his
very striking Reminiscences and his intelligent comments
on the scenes, events, and remarkable personages that
have, during his long and useful life, come under his
observation. There may be, according to the peculiar
taste of the reader, some difference as to which part of
the volume is the more valuable. Sir Henry's Recollec-
tions of London at the commencement of the present
century are peculiarly interesting. His account of his
preparation for a course of professional life is full of in-
struction for those who are about to enter on the career
which he has so successfully pursued. His sketches of
various excursions to the Continent, to the United States,
and elsewhere during his autumnal vacations for more
than half a century, are as graphic as they are instructive;
while his notices of the various remarkable and eminent
personages with whom it has been his good fortune to
associate, will probably obtain the greatest number of ad-
mirers. We much doubt whether the present season will
produce a volume which shall at all approach in deserved
popularity the Reminiscences of Past Life.
Cambridge in the Seventeenth Century. Part 111. Life
of Bishop Bedell by his Son. Noiv first edited by John
E. B. Mayor, M.A., Fellow of St. John's College, Cam-
bridge. (Printed for the Editor, and sold by Mac-
millan & Co.)
This was originally intended to have been accom-
panied by a larger life by the son-in-law of Bishop
Bedell, with the addition of inedited letters and illustra-
tive notes ; but the editor, being unwilling to delay any
help he could render to the disendowed Church of Ire-
land, determined to issue this part at once, " the gross
proceeds of which, after deducting the booksellers' com-
mission, will be given to further the education of orphans
of Irish clergymen. Churchmen who acknowledge the
political justice of disestablishment seem of all men
most bound to lighten the difficulties which beset the
church under the altered conditions of her life."
A Mirror for Monks. Written by Lewis Blosius, Abbot
of St. Beliefs Order. Edited with a Preface by Sir
John Duke Coleridge, Her Majest3''s Attorney-General,
M.P. for Exeter, and late Fellow of Queen's College,
Oxford. (C. J. Stewart.)
This is a reprint (with the orthography slightly
modernised and made uniform) of an English trans-
lation published in Paris in 1676, of a very popular
Book of Devotion written by Ludovicus Franciscus
Blosius (Louis Francois de Blois), who after being edu-
cated in the Court of Charles V., was, on account of the
beauty of his character and holiness of his life, elected
Abbot of the monastery of Liessies in Hainault, when,
only twenty -four years of age ; which office he continued
to hold till his death, having refused the Abbacy of
Tournay and the Archbishopric of Cambray. Sir John
Coleridge has done wisely in neither changing the title
nor altering a sentence here and there, with which readers
belonging to the English Church may not agree ; for few
readers of a truly Christian spirit but will gladly recog-
nise in this little book " how pure, how simple, hoV
Scriptural, how devout, how intensely and essentially
Christian," is the religion here taught by a Roman
Catholic Abbot of the sixteenth century.
Captain Cox, his Ballads and Book ; or Robert Laneham's
Letter. Wherein Part of the Entertainment to the
Queen's Majesty at Killingworth Castle in Warwick
Sheer, in this Summer Progress, 1573, is signified;
from afreend Officer in the Court to his freend a Citizen
and Merchaunt of London. Re-edited, with Forewords
describing all the accessible Books, Tales, and Ballads
in Captain Cox's List and Tlie Complaynt of Scotland,
1548-9 A.D. By Frederick J. Furnivall, M.A., Camb.
(Printed for the Ballad Society.)
We heartily wish for the sake of the Ballad Society,
and of the important and praiseworthy objects for which
that Society has been instituted, that it had been possible
to have brought worthy Captain Cox to the front, and
have made this the first book issued by the Society. How
the lovers of old Ballads would have enlisted under his
banner, ready to march through Coventry or anywhere
else with him ! But better late than never ; and many,
we doubt not, will be led by this new volume to enrol
themselves on the list of members. For the book is one
of great interest, and full of curious information ; and
although at first sight the reader, when he turns over
the nearly two hundred pages of " Forewords," may be
inclined to complain with Prince Hal " that there is
an intolerable deal of sack to but one halfpenny worth of
bread " yet, when he comes to look closer into it, he will
be well pleased that it is so. For the halfpenny worth
j of bread, that is " Laneham's Letter," is somewhat stale,
having been before reprinted ; whereas Mr. Furnivall's
28
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[4* S. IX. JAN. G, ; 72.
sack (being his illustrations of the Folk Books and Bal-
lads recorded by Captain Cox, and in " The Complaynt of
Scotland," and elsewhere) they will find racy and 'full of
flavour, and much to their taste*. A good Index adds to the
value of a book which well deserves the attention of all
students of Old English Literature.
YORKSHIRE ALMANACKS. Students of our local dia-
lects, and admirers of provincial humour, may be glad to
know that the following almanacks have been issued for
the use of our Yorkshire friends : Tommy's Annual for
1872, noli written an published by Hissen (Leeds) ;
T'Bairnsla Foaks Annual for 1872, and all be Tom Tred-
dlehoyle, Esq., by authority a t'man i t'moon (Leeds) ;
The Original Illuminated Clock Almanack, 1872, in the
Yorkshire Dialect, by John Hartley (Halifax) ; and
lastly, The Dewsbre Back at Mooin Olmenac an T' West
Ridin Historical Calendar for T'Year 1872. Put to-
gether bi Mungo Shoddy, Esq., B.M.A.
BRITISH MUSEUM. The last addition to the most
useful Class-Catalogue of Manuscripts in the British Mu-
seum consists of three volumes of Chronicles and His-
tories, arranged according to countries, and in order of
time. It is, as inspection has satisfied us, says The
Athcnaium, an admirable piece of work, and has been
done by Mr. E. Maunde Thompson, one of the officers of
the Manuscript Department.
LETTERS OF JUNIUS. It is announced by the Pall
Mall Gazette that the Lord Chief Justice of England has
undertaken to sum up, in a series of critical articles in
The Academy, the whole of the circumstantial evidence
respecting the authorship of the "Letters of Junius,"
including that of handwriting, as lately brought forward
by the Hon. E. Twisleton and Mr. Chabot. The first
article of the series will be published on January 15.
LIVINGSTONE EXPEDITION. It is understood that the
Government have decided to give no aid to the Geogra-
phical Society in their pi*oposed Livingstone expedition.
Under these circumstances the society has undertaken the
expedition on its own account, and we are sure the sym-
pathy and support of the public will not be wanting.
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gesting to them, both for their sakes as well as our own
I. That they should write clearly and distinctly and on
one side of the paper only more especially proper names
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this saves the writer very little trouble, but entails much to
supply such omissions.
J. H. (Stirling.) We shall always be glad to hear from
you, but on the present occasion cannot insert your note,
as the lines in question were not icritten as you suppose.
M. A. We have not inserted the quotation, thinking
that your object was served by MR. SKKAT'S subsequent
note, which appeared in our last number, having reached us
before your letter.
KYMBY. Thanks for your contributions. Want of
space compels us, however, only to make a selection. We
cannot too often remind our correspondents that brevity has
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Jus. The origin of the quotation is not known. The
Indexes o/"N. & Q." should be consulted.
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4 th S. IX. JAX. 13, '72. J
NOTES AND QUERIES.
29
LONDON, SATURDAY, JANUARY I?,, 1872.
CONTENTS. NO 211.
NOTES : Napoleon on Board the Northumberland, 29
English Gilds: Early Printing: Parchment Paper, 31
Chaucer lie-stored, ;V2 The Durham MS. of Earle's " Mi-
crocosmographie," 33 The Gates of Somnauth Doctor
Nash Parsley-bed Health Enquiries " Better to
rt-ijrn in Hell than serve in Heaven" Unrecorded Saying :
"Like the Walsall Man's Goose" Longevity Folk
Lore : Christmas Decorations and the Upper Room
VJIZPII Bernard Lens and his Sons Boyhood of Charles
Dickens, 34.
QUERIES : " The Lexington Papers," 36 American
Queries Cheap Bookcases Bows in Bonnets Robert
Butts, D.D., Bishop of Ely, 1738-48 " Carpathian
Wizard's Hook" Commercial Queries Coutts Family
Henri Deux Ware Heraldic Hedgehog " Mary
Anne " Poyntz Family Prober Q.uotatiou wanted
Capture of Richard I. Royal Heads on Bells Arms of
Prince Rupert George Sandys Three Leaves eaten for
the Holy Sacrament Sir Topas Watton Castle, 36. '
EE PLIES: Gainsborough as a Musician, 39 An Ameri-
can Centenarian, 40 The Latin Language, &c., 41
Public Tenchers, 42 Longfellow Campshead Cer-
vantes and his Translators Archery versus Musketry
" Prise " Funeral of Queen Caroline Washing Hands
David: Davit Bonnets Heron, or Herne "Black
Barnsley " Camb-Pencil Genealogical Hint Stereo-
scopy "The Mistletoe Bough" Marriages of English
Princesses Gybbon Spilsbury Battle of Harlavr
Orphanage " He made the Desert smile " Christen-
ing Bit, 43.
Notes on Books, &c.
NAFOLEOX OX BOARD THE NORTHUMBER-
LAND.*
" I therefore quitted the cabin, an ^ went to the
admiral, to whom I stated my reasons for wish-
ing to retire, and he agreed with me; upon
which I returned and whispered to Lord Lowther
and Sir G. Bingham what had passed between me
and the admiral. After which I said, ' Monsieur
le General, j'ai 1'hoimeur de vous saluer.' He
made a slight return to my bow, and I quitted
him. My companions, however, probably not un-
derstanding what I had said to them, remained,
and in about five minutes I returned into the
cabin by the admiral's direction, and brought
them away. Lord Lowther told me that during
my absence Bonaparte had laid hold rather
eagerly of Sir G. Bingham's ribbon at his button-
hole, and asked him what it meant. Bingham
told him it was for service in Spain. B. ' For
Salamanca ? ' Sir G. ' It means four medals for
four general actions.' Bonaparte did not bid him
enumerate them, but only said < So you have seen
a good deal of service,' or some such words. I
now thought it was all over, as we were to go on
shore immediately as soon as the despatches were
ready, of which Lord Lowther was to be the
bearer ; so we got some cold meat in the fore-cabin,
Continued from p. 5.
and as we were at table behold the door opened, and
Bonaparte, followed by Bertrand, made his appear-
ance. On seeing me, who fronted him, he smiled,
and said, ( Allez-vous a terre ? ' L. ' Oui, Monsieur
le General, nous mangeons un morceau avant de
partir.' He passed on, and went out upon deck.
We then made extreme haste to finish our
luncheon, and in a couple of minutes Lowther
was after him, and Fin a minute after that. Look-
ing through the window in the mean time I saw
Bonaparte walking briskly up and down and look-
ing at the rigging, then stopping, and bending
down courteously to speak to Madame Bertrand
and Madame Month olon, who were sitting in
chairs under the bulwark. When I came upon
deck I went on to the mainmast, and, turning
round, saw Bonaparte standing close to the poop,
talking to Lord Lowther, who had his hat off.
Shortly afterwards they advanced, and then Low-
ther put on his hat, rather slowly and hesitatingly.
On coming up to me Bonaparte spoke to me, and
nade me face about with him, and on arriving
within a yard or two of the poop halted there, and
entered into the folio wing conversation with me :
B. (looking round at the bulwark, which wanted
painting in several places) ' Ce vaisseau paroit
avoir ete equipe a la hate.' L. * Monsieur le Ge-
neral, il est vrai, mais en revanche, c'est un de nos
meilleurs vaisseaux, il est surtout tres-bon voilier.'
B. ' On auroit pii envoyer d'autres vaisseaux qui
sont en meilleur etat ; il y avoit a Plymouth le
Chatham par exemple, ou bien le Tonnant.' To
this I answered that I did not know precisely in
what condition those ships were, but that they
might be in very good condition to float in Ply-
mouth harbour or to cruise in the Channel, and
yet not fit for foreign service. Here some officers
on the poop, whom he had not seen before, caught
his eye, and he asked Bingham abruptly what
those" epaulettes were. Bingham answered, the
light infantry division of his regiment. I then
inquired of him whether there were marines in
the French navy ; to which he replied in the affir-
mative. Shortly afterwards I took up the subject
of his accommodation in the Northumberland, and
said I hoped it was tolerably good ; that it would
have been better if the ship had not been so hastily
fitted out, and added that I was sure the admiral and
his officers were desirous of doing all they could
to make his voyage pleasant, or some such words.
On this he took occasion to break out into com-
plaints against the conduct of our government in
confining him at all. B. ' Vous avez souille le
pavilion et 1'honneur national en m'emprisonnant
comme vous faites.' L. l On n'a viole aucun en-
gagement avec vous, et 1'interet de la nation
demande que vous soyez mis hors d'etat de rentier
en France; vous iretes sujet a aucun degre decon-
trainte qui ne soit necessaire a 1'accomplissement
de cet objet.' B. ( Peut-etre done ce que vous
30
NOTES AND QUERIES.
S. IX. JAN. 13. '72.
faites est prudent, mais ce n'est pas genereux.'
L. ' De particulier a particulier la generosite est
de saison, mais Monsieur le General, 1'interet na-
tional doit determiner la conduite de nos Ministres,
qui sont comptables a la nation, et la nation exige
d'eux de vous mettre en lieu sur/ B. ' Vous
agissez (or vous raisonnez) comme une petite
puissance aristocratique, et non comme un granc
etat libre ! Je suis venu m'asseoir sur votre sol, j
voulois vivre en simple citoyen del' Angleterre. " Oi
this I told him that every account from Franc
proved that his party was exceedingly powerful
that affairs might take such a turn there that h
should again be recalled to the throne, and (t
put the argument in the least offensive way t
him) he might think himself in honour bound t
obey the call. B. ' Non, non, ma carriere est ter
minee.' I reminded him of his having used th
same words a year ago in Elba, on which he ex
claimed with great animation : ' J'etois Souverain
alors, j'avois le droit de faire la guerre, le roi de
France ne m'a pas tenu parole ; ' and then, quite
exultingly, laughing and shaking his head signifi-
cantly, ' J'ai fait la guerre au roi de France. avec
six cents hommes ! ' Here we all laughed ; * we
could not help it, his manner was so remarkably
dramatic, and the thing said so pointed. After a
minute's laughing I said, thinking to get some-
thing out of him about Italy, that many people
in England wondered, at the moment of his re-
appearance in France, that he had not rathei
disembarked in Upper Italy. B. 'J'ai ete assez
fcien recu en France, n'est-ce pas ? ' and then he
went on describing his reception : how he ad-
vanced without a guard, and how he could have
raised four millions of peasants. I said I did not
doubt his popularity in France ; that, however,
thought it extraordinary the conscription should
not make him unpopular with the peasants. B.
'Ce sont vos prejuges, la France n'est pas epuisee.'
L. l La loi de la conscription etoit pourtant tres-
rigoureuse, vous preniez jusqu'a 1'unique fils.'
B. 'Ah, non ! ce sont vos prejuges, des chimeres.'
He then repeated his charges against the English
government, and said if he had not expected far
different usage, he would not have given himself
up to us ; that- he had many resources left that
he might have surrendered to the Emperor of
Russia, or to the Emperor of Austria. L. 'Pour
1'Autriche, passe mais pour le projet de vous
rendre a TEmperem- Alexandre, vous me permet-
trez d'en douter.' (I knew that he had said the
day before, with a shrug, when Lord Keith told
him he might have been delivered up to the Rus-
sians, t Dieu m'en garde ! ') He defended himself
but' faintly on this, and only said, to the best of
* " When I say we, I mean Lord Lowther and Bing-
ham, besides myself. Mr. E. Byng had put himself into
the Tonnant just after Bonaparte came on board the
Northumberland."
rny recollection, that the Emperor Alexander
loved France and Frenchmen, or some such words.
Then he asserted that he could have joined the
army of the Loire, and should presently have
been at the head of 100,000 men. I observed
that the Prussians or perhaps the Duke of Wel-
lington might have intercepted him. He answered
that the garrison of Rochefort was devoted to
him, and offered nay, came and besought him,
with tears in their eyes, to be allowed to escort
him to Bordeaux, where he should have found
more troops, and might, easily have effected his
purpose. This I did not dispute, but said it would
have been a hazardous step, since after all the
allies would probably have, been too strong for
him. He admitted "that, but alleged that ' il y
auroit eu de quoi capitular ' an opinion I was
not inclined to controvert, and so that rested
there ; and he renewed his declamation against us
for confining him, saying it would increase the irri-
tation in France, and disgrace us in the eyes of all
Europe. I repeated the arguments I had used at
first in vindication of our conduct, which pro-
voked him to say, after some repetition of his wish
to have lived in retirement on his estates like his
brother, ' Vous ne connoissez pas mon caractere,
vous auriez dii vous fier a ma parole d'honneur/
L. ' Oserais-je vous dire (or permettez que je vous
dise) la verite nette ? ' B. ' Dites.' L. ' II faut
done que je vous dise, que depuis le moment de
1'invasion de 1'Espagne il n'y a guere de particu-
lier en Angleterre qui ne se soit defie de vos
engagemens.' B. ' J'ai ete appele en Espagne par
Charles IV, pour 1'aider centre son fils.' L. ' Mais
pas, a ce que je crois, pour placer le roi Joseph
sur le trone.' B. ( J'avois un grand systeme poli-
tique, il etoit necessaire d'etablir un contre-poids
a votre enorme puissance sur mer, et d'ailleurs ce
n'est que ce qu'ont fait les Bourbons/ or some
such words. L. ' Mais il faut avouer, Monsieur
le General, que la France sous votre sceptre etoit
beaucoup plus a craindre que la France telle
fu'elle etoit pendant les dernieres annees du regne
^e Louis XIV, d'ailleurs elle s'etoit agrandie.' B.
L' Angleterre de son cote etoit devenu bien plus
missante,' and he instanced in our colonies, and
n our Indian acquisitions. L. ' Beaucoup de gens
iclaires sont d'avis que 1' Angleterre perd plus
[u'elle ne gagne a la possession de cette puissance
lemesuree et lointaine.' B. ' Je voulois rajeunir
'Espagne, faire beaucoup de ce que les Cortes ont
ente de faire depuis.' I then recalled him to the
nain question, and reminded him of the character
f the transaction by which he had obtained pos-
ession of Spain ; to which he made no answer, but
ook another line of argument on the subject of
tis detention, and said at last, 'Eh bien, je me
uis trompe, replacez-moi a Rochefort,' or some-
bing to that effect. I cannot recollect at what
recise period of the discussion Bonaparte said
4* S. IX. JAX. 13, 72.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
31
these words : e Je voulois,' or ' je pensois, preparer
au Prince Regent 1'epoque la plus glorieuse de
son regne,' but the very words I remember dis-
tinctly. I am in the same uncertainty as to the
moment when he said, ' Si vous n'aviez d'autre
dessein que d'agir selon les regies de la prudence
(or some such words), pourquoi done ne pas me
tuer ? c'eut ete le plus stir.' Pie once interrupted
me. I was going to say our conduct was regulated
by a necessary policy, but when I had uttered the
words ' une politique' he cut me short, and put
in 'etroite.' He filled up the interval of this
little debate with repeated assertions that the
English government and nation were disgracing
themselves. Such expressions as these : ( Non,
vous avez fletri le pavilion, ce n'est pas en user
noblement avec rnoi, la posterite vous jugera,'
were, if one may so say, the burden of his song.
There are many other remarkable passages of this
conversation which I must set down loosely as
they occur to niy recollection. I could hardly
place them in anything like the real order of
their succession, and it is not worth while to
attempt it, since nothing would be gained by the
arrangement. I asked him his opinion of Mr.
Fox ; he said, f J'ai connu M. Fox, je Fai vu aux
Tuileries, il n'avoit pas vos prejuges.' L. ' M. Fox,
Monsieur le General, etoit zele citoyen de sa pro-
pre patrie ; de plus, citoyen du monde.' B. f II
etoit sincere, il vouloit la paix sincerement, et
moi je la voulois aussi, sa rnort empecha que la
paix ne fut faite; les autres n'etoient pas sin-
ceres.' He said abruptly, some time after we had
quitted the subject of the Emperor Alexander,
4 So you have no great opinion in England of this
Emperor Alexander/ or something to that effect.
I answered, we had not: that he was, indeed,
soft-spoken (doucereux], and had flattered some
women, but that Englishmen in general thought
but meanly of him; that for my part I did not
see how one could admire a prince who, with all
his boasted magnanimity, had yet possessed him-
self so unworthily of Finland and Poland. I did
not clearly make out his answer to this. Shortly
.after he inquired whether I had been at Peters-
burg, and when? I told him yes, the winter
before last. On which he asked whether I had
been at Moscow, and finding I had not he paused,
but soon said, with an abruptness and eagerness
.rather remarkable, < An reste, ce n'est pas moi qui
ai briile Moscou.' L. ' I never thought you had
committed such an act of folly as to set fire to
your own winter quarters.' I then returned to
the subject of Petersburg, and told him that when
I was there I found several people who spoke
well of him better indeed than I, as an English-
man, liked. He answered, ' Eh ! pourquoi me
hairoient-ils? Je leur ai fait la guerre, voilatout!'
To this I replied, that the war was somewhat un-
provoked, I thought, or something to that effect.
He said, ' Je voulois retablir la Pologne.' I let that
pass, and took occasion to tell him how much attach-
ment the two Polish officers had shown him. He
did not affect much feeling on this, and only said
It is a brave nation.' I told him I had heard
great praise of Prince Poniatowski. Bonaparte said
of him that he was ' Chevalier, celui-la c'etoit le vrai
roi de Pologne.' * * * being mentioned, he
said, he was a traitor. L. 'Vous voulez dire, por-
teur des deux epaules ? ' He did not at first un-
derstand the meaning of the phrase, which I
suppose is not a good French one, but soon eluci-
dated his own meaning thus : ' C'est-a-dire, du
parti russe, c'est ce que nous appelons traitres
nous autres polonois.' Lowther told him. I had
made a speech about Saxony ; I acknowledged it,
and said I would not disguise my sentiments on
the subject from him. That I had witnessed the
attachment of the Saxons to their king, and
thought they were cruelly used by the Allies,
especially since, if I was not mistaken, the battle
of Leipzic was decided by the Saxon troops.
This he assented to, and told us that on a sudden
25,000 men and 60 or 80 pieces of cannon were
turned against him; that, though this was not
fatal to him at the moment, he found the day s
after that it had put out all his calculations, and
he was obliged to retreat. I do not remember
whether he said anything else about Saxony.
Soon after he said that there was an end of
Bavaria, the States of the Rhine, &c., and that
now l L'Autriche et la Prusse ecrasent tout.' To
this I replied that it might be so, or something
like it ; but that our interest required rather the
aggrandisement of those powers, and the reduc-
tion of the others, since France would find it
easier to maintain an influence among those petty
states than at Vienna or Berlin. He readily
admitted that we ought to keep down the French
interest, and said several times in the course of
the conversation that it was our business to try
to reduce the power of France. If my memory
does not deceive me, he used some expression like
this : f You should keep your eye upon France.'
[To be concluded in our next.]
ENGLISH GILDS : EARLY PRINTING :
PARCHMENT PAPER.
The late Mr. Toulmin Smith, in his very valu-
able work on English Gilds published by the
Early English Text Society, 1870, mentions two
most interesting discoveries which he supposes he
had made e. g. In a note (p. 175)' he draws
attention to a roll then bearing the Record Office
register mark cccx. 206 (now English Gilds,
No. 252), which he says it is impossible to look
at without the suggestion arising that it is not
written, but impressed with letter stamps ; and he
supports this conclusion chiefly upon the supposi-
32
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[4 t! ' S. IX. JAN. 13, 72.
tion that where the ink has disappeared the forms
of the letters remain deeply impressed upon the
vellum, so deeply that they can be felt blindfold
with the 'finger/alleging that " the ink has not j
eaten away the vellum and made it transparent " ; !
and further, that the initial letters, which at the :
beginning of each paragraph it was intended to ]
illuminate, are not finished.
With the highest respect for the learning and
sagacity of Mr. Smith, after having carefully exa-
mined the document to which he refers, I am !
constrained to differ from him in these couclu- !
sions. In the first place, there could not have
been any object in printing a document of which
one copy only was required. . It is true there is
much regularity in the writing, but not more than
may be observed in many other ancient records.
It is not so much marked" in this respect as many
of our Saxon charters ; but apart from this, and
the question of contractions, to come to the tests
which Mr. Smith has himself suggested, they do
not, in my opinion, bear out his theory.
Mr. Smith very much relies upon what he
considers the deep impressions of the letters, and j
the absence of transparency. With respect to the j
last I may observe, that the vellum is very thick,
and although I have no doubt whatever that what
he considers the impression of the dies arises from
the vellum having been eaten away by the corro-
sive character of the ink used when subjected to
damp, the indentations are not sufficiently deep |
to produce transparencv. Moreover they are not ;
so deep as Mr. Smith's words would lead one to
conclude ; at least his sense of touch must have
been much keener than mine if it enabled him to
discern the forms of the letters by the finger
blindfold. The indentations are, however, very
well defined, and the edges particularly sharp,
far more sharp than they would have been had
they been the result of pressure. It seems evi-
dent that the substance of the vellum has been
removed; for the back of the document is quite
smooth, and shows no indication of pressure
having been applied to the other side. As to ;
the characters, the same letters in many instances
vary considerably in form. Some of the 's, for
example, have the connecting, or cross stroke,
sloped upwards; in some it is quite horizontal,
and in others it slopes downwards, whilst in other
instances the letter is altogether of a different
form. Again, a line is ruled on the margin as a
guide to the scribe to keep the edges straight,
and this line is perforated with little holes at
equal distances to enable him to maintain the
same distance between the lines of writing, pre-
cisely as is now done in every law stationer's |
office. It is true the initial letters are not com- i
pleted, but 1 cannot conceive that this circum-
stance is any evidence that the document is
printed. It was usual to finish the ornamental
letters last ; perhaps they were generally executed
by a more skilful hand ; certainly those who are
accustomed to ancient MSS. must often have
noticed them unfinished in this respect. The
reason assigned by Mr. Smith would apply equally
to a written or a printed document.
Parchment Paper. I am also obliged to differ
from Mr. Smith's conclusions as to what he calls
" parchment paper," which he considers he has
discovered in these records (see note, pp. 1-32, 133).
I have carefully examined the documents alluded
to, and have no doubt they are simply of vellum.
Mr. Smith admits that they are of " the colour
and stoutness, and have the general appearance of
parchment, but," he says, ' the wire marks of the
linen fabric that forms its basis are plainly to be
seen on a close examination." It seems to me
quite clear, upon a " close examination " of the
material, that it is none other than parchment or
vellum. The apparent wire marks noticed bv
Mr. Smith, and which formed the foundation of
his too hasty belief that he had found a " material
hitherto unknown," are, in my opinion, nothing
more than the marks on sheets of "laid '' paper,
between which the vellum has been pressed when
much damped for the purpose of being flattened,
and in this conclusion I am supported by the
Record authorities.
Some of these documents may be found in a
bundle described as "Writs for Returns," espe-
cially numbers 12, 17, and 19 ; and, considering
the high character of Mr. Smith, and the great
interest of his discoveries (if well founded), I
should be very glad if some other gentleman
would inspect the documents, and favour " X. & Q.' r
with his opinion. JOHN MACLEAN.
Hammersmith.
CHAUCER RESTORED. Xo. I.
I once commenced a paper under the somewhat
ambitious title of " Chaucer Restored." In now
recasting it, I may state that my object is to
question the validity of certain arguments for
excluding from the collection known as Chac
Works some half-dozen or so of minor poems, for
which no MS. authority has been found, ascrib-
ing them to Chaucer.
' T .ver, in his Confessio Amantis, writes thui-
of Chaucer :
4i In the flower of his youth
In sundry wise, as he well coutlte,
Of ditties and of songes glade,
The which lie for my sake made,
The land fulfilled is'over all ;
Whereof to him in especiall.
Above all other, I am most [be]hold[en]."
These words are placed in the mouth of Veniis ?
who, further, calls Chaucer
" My disciple and my poet."
Nothing can exceed the friendship and ingenu-
S. IX. JAN. 13, '72.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
33
ousness of this valuable tribute from a contejn-
porary.
The two points of interest are, that Chaucer
wrote in "the flower of his youth," i. e. when
very young ; and that there were many songs of
love "for my sake," Venus loq.
Now, Mr. Furnivall (see Atheucciwi, No. 2279,
July 1) identifies nothing of much importance as
certainly Chaucer's before the "Death of Blanche,"
1369, when he would be about thirty years of ap;e.
I say "nothing of much importance," because the
" A. B. C./' and the " Complaint to Pity," are
very poor results for " the flower of his youth."
We have, therefore, to face the following
difficulties :
1. Would Gower call a man of thirty still in
the " flower of his youth " ?
2. How could Gower call the land " full-filled,"
with such a paucity ?
3. How can tiiese three pieces be ascribed to
Venus "for my sake," when her name does not
appear in either one of them ?
I pause here to note that it is quite clear to my
mind that the Canterbury Tales were not known,
as a whole, when Gower wrote.
What are the pieces in which Venus's name
does appear ?
After the "Romance of the Rose," that part-
translation ascribed to Chaucer, and the " Testa-
ment of Love," which may be called a pseudo-
autobiography of Chaucer, we have
1. "The Court of Love."
2. " The Complaint of the Black Knight."
Then follow
" Chaucer's Dream," an allegory of the God oi
Love; "The Cuckoo and the Nightingale," also
called "The Book of Cupid, God of Love."
These four pieces are especially erotic ; and the
writer, be he whom he may, is just the poet whom
Venus may truly call
" My owne clerke."
The " Flower and the Leaf " completes the list
of important compositions which Mr. Furnival
seeks to withdraw from Chaucer seven in all.
Tyrwhitt accepted all the above.
I shall not pause to discuss the " Testament o
Love," obviously composed on a hint from Gower
" That lie upon his latter age,
To set an end of all his work,
Do make his Testament of Love.''
The "Romance of the Rose," also, I will pas,
for the present. Who wrote the remaining five
poems, if Chaucer did not ? Mr. Furnivall think
the " Flower and the Leaf " is in a style late:
than Chaucer s era ; the remaining four we ma]
assume to be admittedly contemporaneous. Wh<
was this unknown writer, who could ape Chaucer'
style so well ?
The rhyme-test, I contend, should not be final,
or there are obvious reasons to disregard it in
ssimied early productions; and I will endeavour
o show that these five pieces are linked together
vitk Chaucer's undoubted writings, in a manner
hat cannot possibly be accidental. A. HALL.
(To be continued.)
?HE DURHAM MS. OF EARLE'S "MICROCOS-
MOGRAPHIE."*
44. A Contemplatiue Man. MS. 46. For " Braine
,raueK" read " Braines trauell "; for " Man," "Men";
or "him this," "them trulyer at his"; for
' distance in," &c., read " distance. In his Infirmities
and poorenesse he scorneth"; for "partaker," " specta-
tour " ; for " and variety. Hee," "and he " ; for " but,"
"and" ; before " excellent," insert" most " ; for "yawn-
ing," read " young"; for " mysterious," " mysteriall " ;
for " Ladder," &c., " Ladder on them to climbe vp to
God " ; omit " heere."
45. An Aturney. MS. 8. For "nested," read "nestled";
for " Paper set," " Paper setts him vp and thus he sitts in
hisseate," &c. ; omit "can" and "very"; for " rnain-
tain'd," &c., read " maintained. In his libells his stile
is very constant, for it keepes allwayes the stile afore-
saide, and yet it seemes he is much troubled in it, for he
is alwayes humbly complaining. Your poore oratour " ;
for " smatch," '* snatch." Before "contrary" insert
"quite"; next line omit "poore"; for "He . . . %.
soundly," " When he hath rack't them first soundly " ;
for "and then," "then he"; for "looks," " bookes";
omit " as fiercely " ; for " wrangling," " babling " ; for
" there is law," " shall be law " ; " when the . . . going
out," not in MS.
46. A Scepticke in Religion. Not in MS.
47. A Partial! Man. MS. 33. Omit ' l one that
is "; for " in,"," by "; for " swayes. His," " swayes his ";
for " you shall," "'one shall "; next line, for " and," " he
considers"; for " giddily," "quiddity"; for "because
.... friends," "because brought vp their, and the best
Scholler there, is one of his Colledge. The Puritane is
most guilty of this humour ; for he takes the opinion of
one Dutch Commentatour before a Legion of Fathers ;
and which is worse, his owne before them both;'' for
"indifferent in" &c., "indifferent. In nothing but
Conscience men esteeme him, for this he is a zealous af-
fectionate, but they might mistake him many times,- for
he doeth but to be esteemed so of all men. He is," &c.;
for " cosen'd," " cooseued."
48. A Trumpeter. MS. 34. A Trumpetter. For " not
.... insolence," read " none of the worthyest " ; for
"and (which .... dearer," "and which is worse he
differs from a fidler only in this, his impudencie is
dearer "; for." Drinke," " liquor " ; for " Storme," " sea";
for " noyse," "nose"; for " as euer," "howsoeuer"; for
" wheresoeuer," " wheresoere" ; for " alwaies," "ordina-
rily"; for "No man .... himselfe," "In short
he'is"; after "bubble," insert "and his life a blast";
for " Bankrupt," " Bankrout."
49. A Vulgar Spirited Man. Not in MS.
50. A Herald. MS. 40. An Herauld. " He giues,
armes himselfe though he be no Gentleman, and therefor
hath good reason to dispence with others. His trade and
profession is honour, and doth that which few noble can
doe, thriue by the Title. You would thinke he had the
Indian mines, for he tells of the fesse of gold and siluer,
* Concluded from 4 th S. viii. 508.
34
NOTES AXD QUERIES.
S. IX. JAN. 13, 72.
but belieue him not, for they are but deuises to get
money. He seemes only to deale with Gentry, but his
chiefest purchases are on them that are none, whose
bounty he conceales, yet blazons. His bribes are like
those of a corrupt iudge, for they are the prizes of blood.
His traffiques are like children's gewgawes, pendants,
and scutchions and little daggars, and his penniworths
are extraordinary deare, ffor he holds three Boai-es heads
higher then three Brawnes in the market. He was some-
time the coate of Mars, but is now for more merciful
battailes in the tilt yard, where whosoeuer is victorious
the spoyles are his. "He is an art in England, but riatiue
in Wales, where they are borne with Herauldry in their
mouthes, and each name is a pedigree.
51. A Plodding Student. MS. 44. For "mettle," read
"mettall"; for "His .... Midnight," " His Study
Consists much in the sitting up while Midnight"; omit
"some"; for "till," read "that"; for "industry," "en-
deavour" ; after "ability," insert "at length"; for
*' politer," read "wittier"; for "accounts," "holds";
for " is as iust as," " no more then ".'; for " discomforter
of," " discomfort to " ; for " trauell," " howers " ; for
44 Apothegms," "Apophthegmes" ; for "will go," "will
stalke goe"; omit "whole"; for "sets forth," "setts
out " ; for " Saturday shall," " Sattyday may."
52. PauVs Walke. MS. 43. A Paule's Walk. For
" perfect'st," read "properest"; for " vast," "strange"';
for "Thenoyse," "Their noyse"; for"orbuzze mixt,"
" and buz " ; for " here " " their " ; after " afoot," insert
" It hath its tempests like the Sea, and as violent, and
men are shipwrack't vpon pillars like great rocks " ; for
' need," read " may"; omit " co} r n'd and " ; after " Tem-
ple," omit " in it" ; for " the Croud," read " a Croud " ;
after " Oathes," omit " left "; for " ytch," read " heate " ;
last line, " after " walke," insert " their "; add "ffinally,
it is vsed for a church of these two only, sharkes and cut-
purses, the one comes thither to fast, the other to prey."
.53. A Vniuersitie Dunne. MS. 42. A Dun. Omit
"ha's"; omit "contracted .... drinke "; for "to ....
Suite," read " too little to bee put in a bond " ; for " Hee
. vpbrayder," read " He is a fierce besieger of Chambers,
And assaults them with furious knocks sometimes, but
.'inds strong resistance commonly, and is kept out. He
is the best witnesse of a Scholler's loytering, for he is
sure neuer to finde him within : some choose their cham-
ber on purpose to auo}'de his surprisall, and thinkes the
best commodity in them is his prospect " ; for " brayne,"
" witts " ; " Some choose .... prospect " transferred ut
supra; for " reiected acquaintance, hunts," read "for-
lorne suitor, haunting, haunting" (sic) ; for " The sole,"
"There is no"; for "is," "in but" ; omit "grieuous";
for " hee is one much," read " no man is."
54. A stayed Man. Not in MS.
None of the " Additional Characters " printed bv Mr.
Arber are in the MS.
J. T. F.
Hatfield Hall, Durham.
THE GATES OF SOMNAUTII. The comments on
the death of the Earl of Ellenborough have natu-
rally caused reference to be made to the gates of
Somnauth the great point of his celebrated pro-
clamation after the Cabul war. As, however, the
truth regarding these noted trophies does not
seem to be generally known, I send you the fol-
lowing extract from the Daily News of Decem-
ber 25, 1871, on the subject. The writer, Mr.
William Simpson, thus relates how he became
acquainted with the gates :
" In I860 they were in the Dewan-i-Awm, or Hall of
Audience, in the fort of Agra. I made a very careful
sketch of them, including details of the ornament. As I
sketched, it struck me as strange that the art contained
nothing Hindoo in its design. It was all purely Mahome-
dan. Out of the thirty-two million of Hindoo gods there
was not one of them visible. This was so strange that I
began making inquiries as to whether they really were
the veritable gates of Somnath. The answer always
was that there could be no doubt of it, and Lord Ellen-
borough's proclamation was in every case referred to.
To an artist historical evidence, or even proclamation by
a Governor-General, goes for little when there is a style
of art opposed to them, so my doubts clung to me.
Before leaving India I had the opportunity of putting
the question to Lord Canning, a man far from indifferent
to questions of this sort, but even with him Lord Ellen-
borough's proclamation was the infallible guide. It Avas
only on my return to England, and in conversation with
Mr. Fergusson, that I got confirmation of what I sus-
pected. He agreed with me that the ornament was suf-
ficient evidence that they could not possibly be the gates
of Somnath ; but he added what I had not the oppor-
tunity of learning in India that the gates in the Dewan-
i-Awm at Agra had been inspected with a microscope,
and they are of Deodar pine,' and not of sandal wood.
This fact, in spite of the proclamation, would command a
verdict against them from any jury.
" Puttun Somnath, in Gujerat, contained one of the
most celebrated temples of the Brahmins. Mahmoud of
Ghuznee, shortly after he came to the throne, in A.D.877,
made a raid into India for the double purpose of destroy-
ing idolatry and looting in that well-to-do country. The
wealth of Somnath led this Mahomedan hero m that
direction, and, after a desperate resistance, he took the
place. Amongst the plunder, he carried back to Cabool
the gates of the temple. They were of sandal wood, and
of great celebrity from their elaborate ornament. After
Mahmoud's death these gates were put on his tomb, and
were treasured as evidences of Mahomedan conquest.
The probability would seem to be that the original gates
were destroyed by fire, and when the tomb was repaired,
a new set of gates were made of Deodar. These gates
are not new, for they bear many evident marks of age.
Panels are smashed, and much of the ornament destroyed ;
rude repairs are done with scraps of wood and iron ;"and,
curious link between East and West, there are a number
of horse-shoes nailed upon these old portals. As they
were brought from Mahmoud's tomb at Ghuznee by our
conquering army, they were an evidence to the Hindoo
population of India that our power had no rival in the
East. So far Lord Ellenborough's proclamation is cor-'
rect enough ; but now, as their political signification has
ceased to be, it ought to be known, for historical and
archaeological reasons, that they are not the gates of
Somnath."
PHILIP S. KING.
Parliament Street.
DOCTOR NASH. The penurious disposition of
the historian of Worcestershire was no secret
among his contemporaries. It forms the point of
an epigram which I have many times heard my
father repeat in days long gone by. I am not sure
whether it may not be too generally known to
merit admission into " N. & Q."; but if it should
find a place, perhaps some correspondent will be
able to complete the first line, of which one word
has escaped me. I am not sure whether it was
. IX. JAN. 13, '72.]
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
"genius," or " weakness," or something equiva-
lent :
" The Muse thy well divines,
And will not ask for cash ;
But gratis round thy brow she twines
The laurel, Dr. Nash."
The following anecdote, from the same fertile
source, is probably less known. I recite it as well
as a very old recollection enables me: The
Doctor was once invited to Kyre, a mansion in a
remote part of Worcestershire. He travelled
thither, I think, on horseback, as was the more
usual custom of those days ; but had some diffi-
culty in finding the way, and was glad to obtain
the assistance of some workman (a thatcher, I
believe), whom he took from his employment.
When past danger of losing the road, he inquired
of his guide whether he was paid by the piece (or
job) or by the day ; and expressed his satisfaction
on finding that it was the former, as in that case
his time was his own. Having then ascertained
what he would get by his day's work, and calcu-
lated the exact time which had been lost by
leaving it, he remunerated him accordingly more,
it seems, to his own satisfaction than that of the
poor man, for he related the story himself for the
amusement of the company at dinner. One of
the guests, however, was not only of a different
opinion, but did not hesitate to express it. " You
did wrong, Dr. Nash, very wrong ! " " Why,
what do you mean?" "Because every man de-
serves to be paid for his knowledge." " My dear
sir, what knowledge could that poor man have
had to be paid for?" "He knew the way to
Kyre, which you did not." T. W. WEBB.
PARSLEY-BED. Inquisitive children with us are
usually told that babies are dug up from the
" parsley-bed," and sometimes it is vexatiously
added that the boys are dug up from beneath a
"gooseberry-bush." I had always looked upon
this as a more or less nursery fiction, but it must
be of more general diffusion than our English
nurseries, if Napoleon I. (see "N. & Q." 4 th S.
viii. 393) could sing by his camp-fire
" There's a maiden of fifteen, Jean,
As innocent as may be ;
'Mongst the parsley she was seen, Jean,
Searching for a baby ! "
M. D.
HEALTH ENQUIRIES. In a notice in a late
number of The Atlienceum of the Literary Life of
the Rev. Win. Harness, I observed the following
passage :
" A bachelor, he lived with a spinster sister. One
household rule he gently and successfully enforced, that
neither should ever enquire after the other's health. Such
enquiries, he thought, suggested ailments that otherwise
would never exist." Athen. Oct. 28, 1871.
1 greatly admire this household rule, and think
it worthy of the wisdom of Solomon. In similar
circumstances I should certainly adopt it, though:
of course it was never meant to apply to grave
and decided attacks of illness. It would be a
wise regulation in the ordinary track of life, and
put an end to much empty formality, while it
effectually checked nervousness and hypochon-
driacism. Some people like to be asked after
their health, and could hardly bear to be thought
well ; and to such Mr. Harness's opinion is directly
applicable, that such inquiries suggest ailments
that otherwise would never exist.
A sensible person rather feels annoyed at these
daily enquiries, and would gladly escape them.
Above all, be careful how you ask an old woman
after her health ; for she is, pretty sure to come
out with a fearful enumeration of real or sup-
posed maladies. She has got the rheumatics, has
frequent stoppages, meaning spasms, has been
troubled with the diarera, or, as one once told
me, she has got cartruts in her eyes. Well I
remember only one instance where I was agreeably
disappointed. I ventured to enquire after one old
woman's health, and to my surprise she answered
quite briskly, " O thank you, sir, I'm quite well."
" Sic me servavit Apollo.' 1 '' F. C. H.
"BETTER TO REIGN IN HELL THAN SERVE
IN HEAVEN" (Milton, Paradise Lost}. In niy
last Sunday reading I met with the following
remark from Jeremy Taylor, which concludes his
admirable treatise on Obedience, in his Life of
Christ:*
" And to encourage this duty [obedience] I shall use
no other words than those of Achilles in Homer : ' They
that obey in this world are better than they that com-
mand in hell.' "
How far was our immortal epic poet indebted
to this Homeric speech for the bold blasphemy
with which his "not less than archangel ruined "
hurls an impious defiance in the face of the
Almiohtv ? J. A.
Almight
Carisbrooke.
G.
UNRECORDED SATING: "LIKE THE WALSALL
MAN'S GOOSE." One of the popular dishes of the
Christmas season goose reminds me of a local
saying that has not (I believe) yet been noted in
these pages. It is this : " Too much for one and
not enough for two, like the Walsall man's goose,"
The presumed foundation for this saying is, that
an inhabitant of Walsall, Staffordshire, when
asked if he and his wife were going to have a
goose for their Christmas dinner, replied in the
negative, adding that the goose was a very foolish
bird ; it was " too much for one and not enough
for two." CTJTHBERT BEDE,
* " The Great Exemplar, with introductory essay by the
Rev. H. Stebbing, M.A." Virtue, Hall & Virtue, n. ck
but the essay is dated 1835.
KOTES AND QUEEIES.
IX. JAX. 13, 72.
LONGEVITY. About the year 18401 was staying
with a connection of mine, then the incumbent of
Little Saling, Essex. When the Bishop of Lon-
don (Blomfield) was visiting his diocese, my friend
the Rev. Richard Vickris Pryor, attended the
visitation at Dunmow, and dined afterwards, as
is very usual, with the bishop. On his return he
told me that the bishop, in his after-dinner speech
had mentioned a remarkable fact, viz. that it was
" on record, in the diocese of London and county
of Essex, that an incumbent had held his living
ninety years." If on record then, it is on record
still, and any one of your readers who may obtain
access to the registry of the diocese will 'be able
to verify the statement.
HERBERT RANDOLPH.
FOLK LORE: CHRISTMAS DECORATIONS AND
THE ^ UPPER ROOM. In the past Christmas I was
helping in some decorations for a village church
in Rutland, and was at work upon them in a first-
floor room of a house. I was told that it was a
very unlucky thing to make in an upper room
anything that was intended for a church. My
informant was unable to give any explanation of
this bit of folk-lore, but said that she had heard
it since her childhood, and that it was a common
belief in Rutland. Perhaps this connection be-
tween an upper room and "bad luck", may be
founded on Luke xxii. 12. CTJTHBERT BEDE.
FAZEN. I heard a native of Sandwich lately
make use of the expression, "fazen eels/' and he
informed me it was generally used in the Isle of
Tbanet to signify the brown kind of eels. The
word is pronounced similarly to brazen.
GEORGE BEDO.
Faversham.
"THE LEXIXGTOX PAPERS.'
In 1851 Mr. Murray published a volume entitled
The Lexington Papers, being extracts from the
correspondence of Robert Sutton, Lord Lexington
of Aram. The book was edited bv the Hon! H.
Manners Sutton, the preface is dated Berghapton
Cottage, and the originals had then been recently
found at Kelham (formerly the residence of the
last Lord Lexington), then the property of his
grandson Lord George Manners Sutton, whose
great-grandson, John Henry Manners Sutton, M.P.
for Newark, held it in 1850.
I beg leave to ask, first, the editor's name :*
secondly, to inquire if the " miscellaneous paper? "
found at the same time, as mentioned in the pre-
face, _ are still preserved? If so, is there any
mention of any gift by Lord Lexington to the
incorporators of the town of Lexington in Mas-a-
chusetts, March 20, 1712-13 ?
This question has some interest to us here,
because thus far it has been impossible for us to
understand the reason why this name was adopted.
There is no village of the name in England, Lex-
ngton being the old form of the place now called
Laxtpn in Notts. Very possibly the name Laxton
was in common use before 1700, as Lord Lexinjr-
":on seems to have chosen his title as a revival
f a barony formerly in his family. It would
seem almost as clear a case of the selection of the
BERNARD LENS AND HIS SONS. The rest of
the family portraits of B. Lens have come to
light. It may be well to notice that his son
Petter (i.e. Peter Paul Lens, pictor, as at the back
of his portrait, when young) turned out a very
good miniature painter, his signature beino- an
mutation of his father's, the long L with two 's
across it in gold. J. C. J
BOYHOOD OF CHARLES DICKENS. Allow me to
call attention to the fact that a number of letters,
&c., on this subject are now appearing in the
^amden Town Gazette, a local paper, published at
80 High Street, Camden Town, about one hun-
dred yards from Bayham Street, where the elder
-Dickens is said to have resided. Amono-st the
correspondents is the son of one of the masters of
the school which young Dickens attended.
R. B. P.
[Unsuccessful applications have been alreadv made
for the papers containing these letters. The numbers
asked for were out of print.]
name ^ of some individual as the ordinary one of
choosing Washington, Lafayette, Barre, or Adams
as sponsor for a%ew town. *
Yet I cannot find a reason for the selection of
Lord Lexington. He indeed was a diplomatist
holding several consecutive appointments, and
from 1699 to 1705 he was a member of the Coun-
cil ^ of Trade and Plantations. But he lived in
retirement during the early part of Queen Anne's
reign, being restored to favour in 1712, and made
ambassador extraordinary to Madrid. I fail to see,
however, that in 1712 or 1713 he occupied so
prominent a place in political life that a little
township in Massachusetts should have selected
his name for its own.
It seems worth while, however, to ask if among
the papers of Lord Lexington anything has been
found showing either that he was aware of this
naming, or that he had any interest iii any way
in affairs in New England at that time. As all
of the acts of our provincial legislature came
before the privy council, of which Lord Lexington
was a member from 1692, he may be presumed to
have known of the incorporating.
W. II. WirmioRE.
Boston, U. S. A.
[* See above.]
4 th S. IX. JAN. 13, '72.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
37
AMERICAN QUERIES. 1. It would be interesting
to note the first appearance of the long, thin,
straight-haired Yankee of the caricaturists. The
figure was evidently based upon the old Puritan
of the Civil War tracts, and the first illustrator
of Hiutibras, but does not appear to have been
common at the commencement of the Revolu-
tionary War, The Boston mobs of the Political
Register do not differ from the English mobs drawn
by the same hand. In the London Magazine of
1778 there is a singularly unfortunate a emble-
matical plate," published according to the fashion
of the times, after Keppel's engagement oft' Brest.
Neptune is consoling Britannia and deriding
America. The British fleet is riding triumphant
in the background. The revolted colonies are
typified by a man in old-fashioned costume with
long lank hair, who is waving the flag of the thir-
teen provinces, and has the Gallic cock upon his
shoulder. The personal characteristics of the early
Revolutionists had probably also something to do
with the creation of the popular American. In
the caricatures of the Remarks upon the Jacobin-tad,
published some years later, we find
" As lank Honeslus with bis lanthorn jaws,"
which was probably intended for Austin or Jef-
ferson.
2. In the Monthly Review for March 1764 there
is a very interesting letter from Boston a kind of
defence of Puritanism, in reply to some remarks
upon the New England provinces which appeared
in an earlier number. The writer defends the so-
called " religious laws " which he thinks "most
of the sober-thinking people of our mother country
-would be glad to see revived among thenV The
letter is signed A. N. Who was the writer ?
3. Who wns the author of the Adventures of
Jonathan Corncob, London, 1787 ? and did any
sequel ever appear. C. ELLIOT BROWNE.
CHEAP BOOKCASES. Where can bookshelves of
cheap construction on iron frames be obtained ?
They have been advertised, but I made no note of
it. Such information may be valuable to other
sufferers from biblio-plethora.
EDWARD RIGGALL.
Bayswater.
[Probably tbe makers of cheap and portable iron wine
bins would be also the makers of bookcases on similar
construction. The manufacturers advertise at man}' of
the railway stations, so that our correspondent will "find
no difficulty in ascertaining their addresses.]
Bows IN BONNETS. I am told by a lady that
in her youth, some thirty years ago, it was the
practice for ladies, according to their state as mar-
ried or single, to wear the bows in their bonnets
on a different side of the face. She does not
remember whether the married ladies wore theirs
on the right side, and the unmarried on the left
side, or vice versa. Perhaps some of your corre-
i spondents could enlighten us as to this, and tell
! us when the custom originated ? II. B. W.
[The bow on the bonnet was worn on the right side by
married ladies, and on the left by those in single blessed-
ness.]
ROBERT BUTTS, D.D., Bisnor OF ELY, 1738-48.
Some years ago I inserted a query with a view of
eliciting information respecting this bishop. It
provoked an almost useless genealogical discus-
sion. I regret to say that nearly all who entered
into it are dead ; and, unfortunately, one, I believe,
of them was one of the bishop's descendants. Can
any correspondent give me information respecting
him ? I have all I can get from local sources,
Cole's MSS., &c. If any one has happened to
have read anything about him, or knows aught
of him and his descendants, please to let me
know.* RANA E PALTJDIBTTS.
" CARPATHIAN WIZARD'S HOOK" (Milton, Comus,
\ v. 872.) I should be glad to have this allusion
; explained. MAKROCHE'IR.
[" The Carpathian wizard " is Proteus, the prophetic
j old man of the sea, who had a cave at Carpathos, between
i Crete and Rhodes (Georg. iv. 387), and was a wizard or
! prophet, and also Neptune's shepherd, who as such bore a
| hook. See also Ovid, Met. xi. 249.]
COMMERCIAL QUERIES. 1. Bdudkin. Can any
of your readers tell me whence this rich stuff
j obtained its name ? It was composed of silk iuter-
! woven with threads of gold, and was introduced
i into England in the thirteenth century. We read
I of " cloth of bawdkyn," " qjiangeable bawdkyn/'
"gold bawdkyn," "Luks bawdkyn/' as well as
red, green, and blue bawdkyn.
2. Tinsin Satin. Is any one able to define the
difference between "tinsin satin/' "satin of
Bruges," and ordinary satin?
3. Changeable Silk and Ta/etas.Was taffetas
called changeable silk ? If so, why ? Changeable
silk is often mentioned during the sixteenth cen-
tury, and in Taylor's Workes (A.D. 1G30), ii. 40,
we read
" No taffaty more changeable then they
In nothing constant but no debts to pay."
Palsgrave says that sarsenet and taffetas were
two names for the same thin kind of silk. What
was " dornyx taffa " ?
4. Tuke. What was this material, of which
vestments for priests were occasionally made ?
5. Branched Damask. What was the peculiar
pattern or texture of u branched " stuffs ? We
read of " white damask branched," and of " white
cruel branched with tawney silk."
G. Russell Worsted. - Whence did this black
stuff derive its name ? It has been in use for four
or five centuries. W. A. S. R.
[* To avoid reiteration, the previous articles on Bishop
Butts should be first consulted : see " N. & Q." 2 nd S. i.
34 ; ii. 17, 478 ; family, iii. If), 74, 137; iv. 35, 257; viii*
435; ix. 61, 149, 185 f x. 106. ED.]
38
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[4th S. IX. JAN. 13, 72.
COTJTTS FAMILY. I am much obliged by your
notice of my inquiry as to the father of Mr. Coutts
the banker, and the time of his decease. Mr.
Coutts, the banker, died in February, 1822, aged
eighty-seven according to some accounts, and
ninety-one according to another account ; and it
is obvious, therefore, that James Coutts, M.P. for
Edinburgh, who died in 1778, could not have
been his father. He was in fact his brother. In
the Gent. Mag. for 1822, p. 195, the father's name
is given as John Coutts, a merchant in Edinburgh,
but the period of his decease is not given.
There was a Thomas Coutts, a merchant in
London in 1723, and who, I believe, was living
in 1732. Can any correspondent of " N. & Q."
give me any account of this Thomas Coutts, and
say when he died ? T. P.
Clifton.
[On farther research it is clear we have confounded
the brother with the father of Thomas Coutts (see p. 522
of the last volume). John Coutts, Lord Provost of Edin-
burgh, 1742, and the father of Thomas, the famed London
banker, died at Nola, near Naples, on March 23, 1750, at
the age of fifty-one. Perhaps the best account of the
Coutts family will be found in the Memoirs of a Banking
House, by the late Sir William Forbes of Pitsligo, 1860,
8vo, and Bourne's English Merchants, ii. 123-147.]
HENRI DETJX WARE. I have in my possession
a teapot of what I suppose to be Henri Deux ware.
Could you tell me if it is so, from the following
description ? It is of a whitey-brown colour, dia-
mond shape, Grecian patterfc; dragon on lid (half
of which is missing^; 4^ in. in height, 4^- in.
in length ; and it is extremely light in weight.
Could you also tell me its probable value, and
the best means of disposing of it ? A. J. H.
[We have submitted your query to a friend who is
learned in Ceramics, and have received from him the
following information :
" The Henri II. ware is so distinct in appearance from
all others that it cannot be mistaken. Only fifty to sixty
pieces are known to exist. They are of great value, the
authorities at South Kensington having given as much
as 640/. for a candlestick at an auction. Their judgment
was criticised in giving so large a price, but a wealthy
collector offered to relieve the public collection by an
advance of more than 100/. on that cost. Pieces are
generally ornamented in the Renaissance st3'le of decora-
tion. They have chiefly come from the neighbourhood
of Touraine in France, where the ware was made from
1520 to 1550. Modern copies are made, always dis-
tinguishable as reproductions.
" The teapot would appear to be early Staffordshire,
very likely to have been made by Ralph Wovel of Burs-
lem, as we have seen specimens'of his make with which
this account seems to correspond. No one could give
an estimate of the value without seeing it. The damage
that you mention would be a great detraction even if
repaired."]
HERALDIC HEDGEHOG. In a recent number of
the Itoss Gazette was an interesting letter about
the monuments, &c. in its famous church, in
which appeared the following quotation :
" The hedgehog erst in prickly ball
Now stands of Kyrle the crest ;
And thrice on shield of Abrahall
The urchin's form 's impressed ! "
In Dr. Strong's Heraldry of Herefordshire the
shields of Kyrle and Abrahall are beautifully
blazoned; but neither in it nor in the erudite
Handbook to Iloss is rendered any explanation, nor
is any origin assigned for the heraldic hedgehog
named in the preceding quaint old verse. Can
you or your readers inform me of the authorship
of the above four lines ? and also the when, where,
and why the said symbol was first introduced in
the armorial bearings of the two families ? P.
{l MART ANNE." Can any of your readers in-
form me what a party of Republicans mean by
drinking to the health of " Mary Anne " ? This is
frequently referred to in Lothair. HEDDWCH.
POYNTZ FAMILY. Where can I find some ac-
count of the death of' the two sons of Mr. Poyntz,
at one time M.P. for Midhurst, and married to
the heiress of Cowdrey ? They were drowned by
the capsizing of a boat, off Bognor, about the year
1812; but I can find no mention of the accident
in the Annual Register. C. L. W. C.
PROBER. Can you tell me when a London
clockmaker of the name of Prober lived ?
J. O. H.
QUOTATION WANTED. Who is the author of
the line
" Parent of sweetest sounds, now mute for ever " ?
Is the original allusion to the codfish, or whose
is the humorous application ? R. F. S.
CAPTURE OF RICHARD I. Can any of your
correspondents inform me if there be any detailed
narrative of the departure of Richard I. from the
Holy Land, and of his capture by the Archduke
of Austria ? All the historians of the time that
I have read are very brief on this subject.
T. W. R.
Nottingham.
ROYAL HEADS ON BELLS. Will some readers
of " N. & Q." who have a taste for such matters
hunt for the heads of royalty on any bells in their
locality or elsewhere, if they have an opportunity ?
I may say, there are none such ancients in Somer-
set, Cornwall, or Devon, excepting one at St.
James's, Devonport, which was brought from a
destroyed church in Worcester.
I think only three types of heads are known to
campanists ; those are supposed to be of Edward I.
and Eleanor, Edward III. and Philippa, Henry VI.
and Margaret, and the young Prince Edward.
H. T. ELLACOMBE.
Rectory, Clyst St. George, Devon.
ARMS OF PRINCE RUPERT. Can any one
acquainted with foreign heraldry say if it is
4* S. IX. JAX. 13, 72.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
39
likely that P. Heylin should have made a inistak
about the arms of Prince Rupert P
He gives them as quarterly, the 1st and 4th ;
lion rainp. or, crowned gules ; 2nd and 3rd, pal;
bendy, ar. and az., and all usual books follow thi
description. But on a very elaborately and beau
tifully carved boxwood tobacco-box top, under
neath a very finely executed royal arms, with
G. R. at the top, is a coat looking like Prince
.Rupert's ; but not as Heylin has put it. 2nd am
3rd being- a bend engrailed.
The connection with Charles I., and there being
no English coat, as far as I know, like it, make
me have little doubt that the arms on the boj
are Prince Rupert's, though varying from Heylin'i
description. He was by no means always cor-
rect. Is there any seal or contemporary embla-
zonment of Prince Rupert's arms in the British
Museum or other public place ? J. C. J.
GEORGE SANDYS. Having just completed a
new edition of George Sandys's Poems for Mr
Russell Smith, I should be much obliged if any
of your correspondents could give me any hitherto
unedited notitia relative to so good and great a
man. Communications may be sent to Mr. J. R
Smith, 3G, Soho Square, or published in " N. & Q.'
RICHARD HOOPER.
THREE LEAVES EATEN FOR THE HOLY SACRA-
MENT. In reading Mr. Ludlow's Popular Epics
of the Middle Ayes, I made a note of *the fol-
lowing :
" Three leaves he takes from the grass between his
feet, and receives them in place of the body of God."
This occurs in Garin the Lorraincr (p. 85), an
epic of the twelfth century ; and in Raoul of Cam-
bray, which was probably written about the same
period, at p. 135, I read that
" Many a gentle knight takes the sacrament -with
three bits of grass, for other priest is none."
Is anything known concerning this piece of
mediaeval superstition ? H. FISHWICK.
SIR TOPAS. The nickname of " Sir Topas "
applied to Sir Charles Dilke by the Army and
Navy Gazette of Nov. 25 last is said to be drawn
from Dryden's works. From which of them ?
G. T. M.
[The knight-errant of the " Rime of Sir Thopas," one of
Chaucer's Canterbury Tales, is thus alluded to in one of
Prior's poems :
'" Bad as Sir Topas, or Squire Quarles,'
Matthew did for the nonce reply,
' At emblem or device am I.'"]
WATTON CASTLE. Can any one enlighten me
respecting the history of a ruined castle situated
on a hill near this place, and called here Watton
Castle ? There appears to be a variety of opinions
in the neighbourhood respecting its antiquity, but
I am unable to get any trustworthy history/ Any
information will greatly oblige. W. M.
GAINSBOROUGH AS A MUSICIAN.
(4 th S. viii. 450, 555.)
This great painter was not only an enthusiastic
lover of music, but a respectable performer on the
harpsichord. I have frequently heard my father
speak of his performance on this instrument in terms
of great praise. Stephen Francis Rimbault, to
whom I allude, was born in 1768 and died in 1837.
He was intended for an artist, and learnt the rudi-
ments of the profession under Philip Reinagle,
the landscape painter. After a few years of study
he abandoned the limner's art and turned his at-
tention to music, a profession which he followed
for the rest of his life. His love of art threw him
a great deal amongst artists, particularly painters
in water-colours, of whose works he formed a
large collection, which was disposed of after his
death by Messrs. Christie & Manson (Wednesday,.
Dec. 13", 1837, and two following days.) I per-
fectly well remember, when a boy, seeing Dayes,.
Howitt, Westall, S. Pether, Turner, Rowlandson,
and many other celebrated artists of the time, at
my father's house, No. 9, Denmark Street, Soho.
But to return to the subject of my notice.
Gainsborough knew a little of almost every musical
instrument (such as were used for solo playing) r
but his chief forte consisted in modulating upon
the harpsichord. He was too capricious to study
music scientifically, but his ear was so good, and:
his natural taste so refined, that these important
adjuncts led him far beyond the mechanical skill
of the mere performer who relies only upon tech-
nical knowledge.
The late Henry Angelo (the son of the well-
known riding-master) gives some amusing anec-
dotes of Gainsborough, in connection with his
love of music, in his Reminiscences, 1828, vol. L
184 et seq. He quotes Jackson's ill-natured
remarks, thus commenting upon them :
" This sprightly sketch of the musical eccentricities of
the painter, with all due respect to the memory of Mr.
Jackson, is somewhat of a caricature ; for Gainsborough
not only did know his notes, but could accompany a slow
movement of the harpsichord, both on the fiddle and the
flute, with taste and feeling"
Abel (who jointly with J. C. Bach founded the
Bach and Abel concerts) was a great lover of the
arts. He laid an impost upon the talents of
Grainsborough, and exchanged with him notes on
:he viol-di-gamba for drawings. Angelo speaks
>f seeing the walls of Abel's apartments literally
overed with the genius of the painter. When
Abel died (June 20, 1788) this collection was sold
t Langford's auction-room in the Piazza, Covent
jarden. These works of Gainsborough were
hiefly drawings in chalks. My father was a large
urchaser, but what became of them afterwards I
ave no means of ascertaining.
40
NOTES AND QUERIES.
S. IX. JAX. 13, 72.
And now comes the question, What was the
cause of Jackson's animosity to the great painter ?
MR. SEWELL thinks that the expression in Gains-
borough's letter to the Duke of Bedford, that
Jackson was " no fiddler/' was the sore point ; but
in this he is surely mistaken. Gainsborough as-
sures the duke that Jackson was no fiddler, but
something much better a man of science and let-
ters. " As ignorant as a fiddler " is a proverbial
saying, and to this day, I am sorry to say, it
holds good. It means that a man who makes
music his sole study is fit for little else. Gains-
borough's words were intended to imply Jackson's
superiority over many of his fellow musicians,
ordinary fiddlers, and as such I recognise in them
the greatest compliment he could possibly pay to
a man in Jackson's position. With due deference
to MB. SEWELL, this is, I think, the right inter-
pretation of the passage in the letter. If so, we
must look elsewhere for the cause of Jackson's
ill feeling towards the painter. If I might be
allowed to give my own idea, I should point to
the following passage in Angelo's Reminiscences as
suggestive :
"Had Gainsborough outlived the witty musician, he
might, perhaps, with equal truth have given the world as
satirical, not to say as unfriendly, a posthumous descrip-
tion of Jackson's "attempts witli the pallet and painting
brushes"
^ From this it appears that Jackson was a painter !
Now may not Gainsborough have been free in his
remarks upon the amateur artist, and so have
caused the bitter feeling in return ?
EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
AN AMERICAN CENTENARIAN.
(4 th S. viii. 281.)
^ I have to explain that my statement in. was
simply a correction of my own clerical error in
No. ii. I have omitted the initial A., which occurs
after the name Edward. I wrote at the time to the
town clerk, and received the following reply:
" Marblehead, April 4th, 1868.
"Dear Sir, The birth registered Aug. 1, 1728. is
Edward A. Holyoke. It is very seldom I find the
middle name in full, although sometimes it is entered.
But in this case nothing but Edward A. Holyoke.
"GLOVER BROUOHTON, Town Clerk."
There can be no doubt that the child whose
birth was recorded in 1728 was named Edward
Augustus. I think I may add there is equally
no doubt that he lived more than a hundred years.
The Memoir of Dr. 'Holyoke which I have cited
is full of details of his life, and your readers may
be assured that the case is not one of vague tradi-
tion, but one which was thoroughly examined
during the lifetime of its subject. The little
volume of eighty pages might well be reprinted to
furnish arguments against those who deny the
possibility of centenarianism.
I have said that Dr. Holyoke was the son of
Rev. Edward (rv.) II., who was President of
Harvard College. The latter was son of Elizur
(in.) H., and grandson of Elizur (n.) Holyoke,
one of the early colonists here. This Elizur (n. ),
senr., was undoubtedly born in England, and
settled here with his father, Edward (i.) Holyoke,
about 1636. Edward and Prudence, his wife,
were from Tamworth, co. Stafford, as appears by
the Salem records at the date of the marriage of
their daughter in 1643. Elizur (ni.) Holyoke,
jun., died at Boston in 1711, and used on his will a
seal of arms, viz. a chevron cotised between three
crescents ; crest, a crescent. Prudence, the wife
of Edward (i.), is said to have been the daughter
of Rev. John Stockton of Kinholt, and their
marriage is recorded /uiie 18, 1612. Can any of
your correspondents trace the pedigree of the
family further ?
HON. TIMOTHY FARRAR.
I now proceed to my second case of cente-
narianism. Hon. Timothy Farrar, born at Lin-
coln, Mass., June 28, 1747, died at Hollis, N. II.,
Feb. 21, 1849, aged 101 years, 7 months, and 12
days. Such is the statement made, which I will
proceed to verify as far as possible. I must pre-
mise that Mr. Farrar was not in an obscure
position. He was a judge in the courts of New
Hampshire from 1775 to 1816, and justice of the
Superior Court there from 1701. There is no
question that he believed himself to be a cente-
narian, since he was present at the delivery of a
discourse on the Sunday following his centennial
anniversary, a copy of which is sent herewith to
the Editor of " N. & Q." It is entitled
" A Discourse occasioned by the Centennial Anniversary
of Hon. Timothy Farrar, LL.D. Delivered at Hollis.
N. II., July llth, 1847, by Timothy Farrar Clary.
Printed by request. Andover, 18 i/."
So much for the belief of Mr. Farrar and his
nearest friends. As to the date of his birth : he
was the son of Samuel and Lydia (Barrett) Farrar
of Concord, Mass. (I may here mention that
Lincoln is part of the old town of Concord, incor-
porated as a distinct town in 1754.) Their children
were Lydia, born Sept. 2, 1735, married Wil-
liam Bond ; Samuel, born Feb. 14, 1737 : Ste-
phen, born Sept. 8, 1738 ; James, born July 24,
1741 ; Rebecca, born Aug. 13, 1743, married Dr.
John Preston ; Lucy, born April 27, 1745, mar-
ried Humphrey Earrar ; Timothy, born June 28,
1747; Mary, born July o, 1754, died Sept. 2,
1756. Of these eight children, all but the last are
recorded at Concord, and I have before me a copy
of the record signed by George He} r wood, town
clerk, dated Oct. 24, 18'71. The last child, Mary,
I enter on the authority of the town clerk of
Lincoln, Henry C. Chapin, who says that this is
the only child of Samuel and Lydia Farrar on the
records of that town. I have explained that this
4 th S. IX. JAN. li
NOTES AND QUERIES.
14
is a continuation of the Concord records for such
inhabitants as lived in the part thus set off fxjr a
new town.
Lastly, and before proceeding to the other cases^
I wish to call special attention to the evidence
furnished by the record at Harvard College. In
this college the class is the unit. All students,
as a rule, are admitted at one examination in each
year, and are known collectively as the class of
the year four years later, when they are graduated.
To cite an instance of a familiar name, Charles
Francis Adams was of the class of 1825, the
year of his graduating. In each class the mem-
bers are acquainted, and throughout life the
friendships are firmly maintained. Every year,
at the annual festival of the college, the members
meet together, march in procession under the
class banner, and in most instances have reunions
of the survivors. For many years annual and tri-
ennial catalogues have been issued, and since 1845
great attention has been given to procuring the
vital statistics of each graduate. It will be seen
that there can be no question as to the identity of
any noted graduate, and it may be added, no pro-
bability of a mistake as to age, where the chain of
evidence is so continuous. Each class remembers
in a degree its predecessors ; and though the con-
temporaries of Holyoke and Farrar died before
them, there were venerable witnesses of succeed-
ing classes to form a continuous chain.
I submit therefore that their claims as aged,
very aged, aad most aged men were yearly care-
fully examined by the alumni of Harvard, a most
suitable body for such an investigation. I subjoin
a letter on this subject from the present librarian
of the college, a gentleman who has every facility
for knowing the facts, and who has for years pre-
pared the triennial catalogues :
" Harvard University, Cambridge, Dec. 8, 1871.
" Dear Sir, At your request I have personally ex-
amined the cotemporary faculty records, and they con-
firm my previous statements that Dr. Edward Augustus
Holyoke of Cambridge, of the class which graduated at
Harvard College in i?4G, was born August 1. 1728, and
was fourteen years old when he entered college; that
Samson Salter Blowers from Boston, of the class of 1763,
born March 22, 1742, entered at the age of seventeen and
a quarter; and that Dr. Ezra Green from Maiden, of the
class of 1765, with whom I was personally acquainted,
and on whose hundredth anniversary the *Rev. Samuel
K. Lothrop preached a sermon, which was printed, was
born June 17, 1746.
" In the class of 1767 were Timothy Farrar and Joseph
Farrar, both from Lincoln, the first of whom, according
to the records, was born July 11, 1744, and entered at
the age of nineteen; the other, born July 8. 1747, entered
at the age of sixteen ; the dates of birth being transposed,
a fact easily accounted for by the circumstance that in
those days a student was never named by his Christian
name or its initial, but only by his surname, " first " and
" second " being added to it.
" The dates of birth and the ages were taken when the
students were examined for admission ; a few months
after which, as soon as the familv rank of the fathers
was determined, these were copied into the permanent
records, wherein the names of the students were entered
in the order determined upon.
" My minutes are from these continuous records.
" Respectfully yours,
" JOHN LA.N<?DON SIBLEY, Librarian."
This testimony seems to be of the highest value
as^ fixing the ages of the boys at a time when the
mistake of a year is almost impossible.
I propose hereafter to take the cases of Blowers
and Green. W. II. WHITMORE.
Boston, U.S.A.
THE LATIN LANGUAGE, ETC.
(4 th S. viii. 465.)
The New Testament referred to by HERMEN-
TRTJDE is a Romansch one (not " Romaunt") : for
the language of the Engadine or, more properly
to speak, of a part of it is different to what is
known as the Romaunt or Troubadour tongue.
The Romansch is confined to the great valley of
the Engadine, and to some small lateral ones.
This language may be said to commence at Sa-
maden, and to terminate at Tarasp Schuls, near
the Austro-Tyroi frontier. There are two dialects
of the Romausch : in the High Engadine we have
the Romansch, properly so called; in the Low
Engadine we have the Ladine (not "Latin").
The Bible is printed in both dialects at Celerina,
and the Bible Society pay a portion of the expense.
The New Testament of Menni is, I believe, not
an authorised version, but the private effort of a
learned man. The church, which uses in its ser-
vices the Romausch and Ladine languages, is not
called " the Swiss church." It is a church per-
fectly independent of any other one, and was
founded by Bishop Vergerio, the Italian reformer.
It differs in ritual and doctrine from the Lutheran
and Calvinistic churches of Switzerland. The
worship is Liturgical. The Romansch Prayer-
book is printed at Coire, and is entitled
' Liturgia ner Uratiums 'ad Agendas par las basel-
giadas Rumonschas Evangelicas en 1'Aulta lihazia."
The Vergerionian church extends into German
and Italian districts; and hence, though it has
only forty congregations, three synods are re-
quired, viz. Romansch, German, and Italian ones.
The moderators have the title of " Monsignor,"
probably from compliment to Vergerio. The only
spot beyond the Orisons where the Vergerionians
have a congregation is Florence, where they
have a Romansch service in the Swiss church.
There are two Grisons newspapers in the pure
Romansch. I would advise HERMENTRTJDE, if ,
she is in search of Ladine or Romansch works, to
nquire of the Bible Society, or at the Swiss
church in Endell Street, London, or of some foreign
jookseller. Probably DR. RIMBATJLT, who is a
gentleman of Swiss descent, could give some in-
brmation. But the most likely way of obtaining
42'
NOTES AND QUERIES.
I th S. IX. JAN. 13, '72.
such works would be to address the publishers
at Coire, and obtain their catalogue. The appli-
cation should be in Romansch or German.
I will take this occasion to remark that the
Romande, or ancient language of French or
" Romande Switzerland,"* has no affinity with
the Romansch or Ladine, with which it is often
confounded.
A dictionary of Romande is published at Lau-
sanne; and connected with Le Conteur Vaudois,
a little periodical published weekly at Lausanne
(ten centimes a number), are several witty wags,
who contribute tales, poems, and jokes, all written
in the choicest Romande quite a treat for the
philologist, perhaps a puzzle too !
JAMES HEXRY Dixox.
May I be permitted to correct a misprint in my
former paper on this subject? The printer has
placed periods at the ends of the words nouv and
tradiit, as if they were abbreviated ; this is not
the case. I may at the same time ask leave to
add, in order to prevent any misapprehension, that
the British and Foreign Bible Society has pub-
lished a translation of the New Testament into the
dialect of the Lower Engadine, which is not by
any means the same thing with the language of
the Upper Engadine, but is a later and more cor-
rupted patois. The two may be compared with
interest, but no one possessing the former volume
only must suppose that he has in it a specimen of
the pure Romaunt. HERHEXTRTJDE.
PUBLIC TEACHERS.
(4 th S. viii. 413, 556.)
MR. WALTER THORNBURY, in what is hardly
"N. & Q.'Msh language, stigmatises me as "ar-
rogant " and " malicious " ; but makes up for it
by suggesting that I must be either a " Parsi " or
a " parson " characters which it is one of my
peculiarities to regard as about the most to be
looked up to of any in their respective countries.
plead guilty to tne same par-
ticular kind of irrelevance which made King
Jamie exclaim "0 Geordie, Jingling Geordie, it
was grand to hear Baby Charles laying down
the guilt of dissimulation, and Steenie lecturing
on the turpitude of incontinence." MR. THORN-
BURY is what is called an " agreeable writer," and
these " pretty Fannies " of the press may without
any harm be permitted to have their own way to
a certain extent, and in their own particular
channels; but when they begin to write to
* In all legal and Swiss documents the term " French
Switzerland" is never used. It is always " Suisse Ro-
mande."
" N. & Q.," giving as original / finds what they
have discovered in a bookseller's catalogue of the
preceding -week (see last vol. p. 240), and then
proceed to brand a great original writer such as
Mr. Carlyle with misquotation, and a critic like
John Wilson Croker with puzzleheadedness and
blundering, nothing surely can be less "irrele-
vant v than for somebody to step in and point out
the peculiar qualifications possessed by this dar-
ing assailant. Such I believe to be the extent of
my crime ; and if anything were wanted to justify
it, it would be supplied by MR. THORXBURY'S
singularly unfortunate rejoinder. He commences
by throwing on the printers the whole blame of a
string of blunders which, from the very nature of
nearly all, must have existed in the MS. from
which they worked, and the list of which could
be quadrupled with the greatest ease from the
same volumes, and extended not a little from
other works by the same writer ; and he carefully
abstains from mentioning that the volumes from
which I quoted were themselves a reprint from
All the Year Round, and that in this double pro-
cess such bloated blunders as these could only
have escaped by their author not recognising
them to be blunders at all ! He then winds up
by saying, " If CHITTELDROOG can correct my cor-
rections of these two great writers, why does he
not do so ? " Be it so. I had made no assertion
whatever on this point, but had simply left your
readers to form their own conclusion as to what
was likely to be the value of such a writer's criti-
cism ; but being now challenged, I have no hesi-
tation in saying that, at p. 533 of vol. vii., and at
p. 369 and p. 371 of your last volume, MR. THORN-
BURY has attacked both Mr. Croker and Mr. Car-
lyle on insufficient grounds.
In the first of these communications (" X. & Q.,"
4 th S. vii. 532) MR. THORNBURY writes :
" There is an error in Boswell, which neither Croker
nor any later commentator has, I think, detected. The
dates of the various epochs of the career of the great
conversational gladiator of the last century are the very
vertebra of his life. Now one of the chief of these dates
Boswell has evidently set down incorrectly. At p. 30 of
the 1860 edition, Boswell, in his list of Johnson's London
residences, writes ' Staple Inn, 1758,' whereas at p. 118
he inserts a letter of Johnson's to Mrs. Lucy Porter, dated
March 23, 1759 In 1760 he had chambers at
No. 1, Inner Temple Lane, and in 1777 he went to Bolt
Court."
Croker did not detect the " error in Boswell,"
because Bosivell had made no error to detect. The
date MR. THORNBTIRY might have seen was in-
serted in brackets [1758] ; and had he read the notes
at the foot of the page, he would have found it
specially stated that these dates were Croker's.
He would also have been saved the trouble of copy-
ing'out the two passages from Rasselas, and describ-
ing the emotions with which he " always " reads
them, as he would have discovered that the same
passages had been copied out, and the same feel-
4* S. IX. JAN. 13, '72.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
43
ings experienced, many years before he was born,
by Malone and by Boswell. It is instructive also
to note that ME. THORNBURY, while correcting
the error of 1758 for 1759, goes on himself to
perpetrate another dislocation of the " great con-
versational gladiator's vertebrae " by stating that
he "went to Bolt Court in 1777," "whereas, had
he turned to p. 524, he would have seen that
Johnson wrote to Boswell from that court in No-
vember of the preceding year ! But if correction
No. 1 is not altogether creditable to MR. THORN-
BURY'S accuracy what shall I say to correction
No. 2 ? v
In this case he says :
" Croker, when he liked, could be very puzzle-headed,
and his notes are often rather blundering. In vol. vii.
p. 329 of the 1835 edition, he is much exercised at Bos-
well's (in 1780) calling Akermann, the keeper of New-
gate, his ' esteemed friend '; he conjectures that it arose
from Boswell's constant desire to make the acquaintance
of everybody eminent, remarkable, or even notorious,
and talks of a strange propensity (ivhich Bozzy never
showed) of witnessing executions, which had perhaps
brought him into intercourse with the benevolent keeper.
If Croker had compared a few dates, and looked closer,
he might have found an easier explanation of the
phrase," &c. &c.
But what are Mr. Croker' s words ?
" Why Mr. Boswell should call the keeper of Newgate
his < esteemed friend,' has puzzled many readers ; but
besides," &c. &c. [And here follow the reasons as given
by MR. THORNBURY.]
Here it will be seen that Mr. Croker himself
was neither "puzzle-headed," nor "exercised, "nor
"blundering." He merely states what "many
readers " had thought, and proceeds to give the
true explanation : for, in spite of MR. THORN -
BURY'S positive assertion to the contrary, Boswell
had & passion for attending executions. Besides
this case of Hackman, which MR. THORNBTJRY
has discovered " where the Highlander found the
tongs," we know that on one occasion he came
fresh to Johnson from the execution of six men at
Tyburn ; and that, on another, he dragged Sir Joshua
to witness the execution of five malefactors at
Newgate. So strong and so well known, indeed,
was this propensity of Boswell's, that he was
attacked about it in the newspapers, and in his
printed vindication describes it as a " natural and
irresistible impulse " ! With regard moreover to
the date of 1780, on which MR. THORNBTJRY'S
whole triumph hinges, had he himself done what
he accuses Mr. Croker of neglecting to do, viz.
"compared a few dates and locked closer," he
would have found that Boswdl's Johnson was a
biography not a diary; and that if the epithet
" esteemed " reflected the feeling of the hour, it
was the feeling of 1790, when that portion of the
Life was written, not of 1780, when the Gordon
riots took place ; and he would also have found
that in this very 1790 Boswell was in close in-
tercourse with Mr. Akermann. I think I have
thus established that, in this second case, MR.
THORNBTTRY has contrived to make as many mis-
takes as it was possible to compress into so small
a compass. Pie has accused Mr. Croker wrong-
fully; he has contradicted him ignorantly ; and
he has based his own small argument on a false
assumption. So much for the charges against
Mr. Croker. That against Mr. Carlyle may be
more briefly dismissed.
" Mr. Carlyle, in his too eulogistic life of that great
robber Frederick the Great, rails at the smaller robber
Trenck, and twice misquotes his extraordinary adven-
tures."
Now, in the first place, I have been unable to
discover that Mr. Carlyle makes any regular quo-
tation from the Pandour. He speaks of him and
his autobiography with scorn, ridicule, and con-
tempt ; but does not seem to go beyond borrowing
a few " touches," and perhaps expressions, from
his narrative. I hardly like to express a suspicion
that MR. THORNBTJRY has been misled by the
great historian's free use of inverted commas,
which are employed page after page as marks of
quotation from that very convenient invention, an
alter ego. Be this as it may, I am quite content
to rest my reprehension of MR. THORNBURY on
the fact admitted by himself, that he has never
seen the original of the book he accuses Mr.
Carlyle of misquoting ; and is so doubtful of the
accuracy of the translation) that he appeals to
the readers of "N. & Q." to inform him whether
an important passage is correctly rendered.
CHITTELDROOG.
LONGFELLOW (4 th S. viii. 435.) An English
paper has come to me to-day in which there is a
brief abstract from a note by MR. J. H. DIXON in
your journal on a paper I wrote just before our
fire, entitled " A Nook in the North." Will you
let me say I felt sorry, as I was writing the paper
in question, that I had not copied the line about
tne Longfellows exactly as it stands in the vene-
rable register, together with the letter Mr. Snow-
don read me from the American gentleman who
was digging for the roots of this notable family
tree. . I was to read a lecture to the Ilkley folk
directly after, was then in a great hurry, wanted
to see as much as possible of the registers down
to the middle of the last century, and did not like
to trench too far on the good vicar's time. But I
believe MR. Dixox is a Wharfedale man. He
must therefore now and then visit that jewel of
the dale, the town of Ilkley ; when he does so
he can easily see the parchment and copy the
entry for himself; or if that cannot be done, I am
sure a note, addressed Rev. John Snowdon, will
bring a copy of the entry and whatever beside he
may need to verify my statement. I hope he will
do this for the sake of the truth.
44
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[4 th S. IX. JAN. l[
The story about Thomas Ileber is to be found
in the volume of the Surtees Society, entitled
Depositions taken at York Castle. There is no
copy that I know of within a thousand miles of
my desk. I copied it and had it inserted in my
dear old Whittaker's Cracun, with many other
precious things about the dale, but they all went
up in the fire. It will be easily found in London.
In the same volume will be found a curious ac-
count of the way this Tom Heber caught certain
popish emissaries at Skiptoii on their way to the
house of the Tempests at Broughton.
Chicago, Dec. 23, 1871. ROBERT COLLYER.
CAMPSHEAD (4 th S. viii. 371-439.) A great
deal of erudition has been wasted in this case,
because the querist did not in the first instance
find out the true ward of which he wished to
ascertain the derivation and meaning. The true
word is campsheathing, and it is of common use
in engineering contracts. It means a wooden
sheathing used to protect the face of a bank, whe-
ther of a river, or of a dock, or of a cutting of any
kind. When the purpose is effected by a work in
brick or stone, it is called a retaining wall. The
word u sheathing," or as North-country people
call it, " shethmg," corrupted to "shedding," is
well known in ship-building, and conveys the same
idea of a covering or protection. Piles in certain
positions and of a certain scantling are for the same
reason called sheathing piles. As to the first
syllable, I am inclined to think, but I cannot now
verify my conjecture, that it should be " camb,"
and that it refers to the curved or u cambered "
form, of the sheathing or of the piles or ribs form-
ing the support of the sheathing; which term,
strictly speaking, applies more particularly to the
flat timbers. Formerly campsheathings were of
more common use in large works than they are
now, masonry and ironwork having superseded
them ; and as they are only used now in compara-
tively small works, where so great resistance to
pressure is not needed, they are rarely seen in a
curved form. A. F. B.
This word is spelt also campsheaihing, and
(more commonly) campsiding; and though MR.
SKEATS' explanation of the former part of the
word is plainly correct, I venture to suggest a
doubt whether the verb shed has any part in the
latter half. The campsiding is a planking with
which the sloping sides of a canal or the like are
lined ; and it seems rather forced to suppose it to
divide the sides, either from the water or from
one another.
Is it not rather the siding or sheathing of the
camb, verge or brink of the canal ? Another name
for the same thing is campslead, which I suppose
implies the propping up or retaining of the said
camb. HENRY H. GIBBS.
St. Dunstans, Regents Park.
CERVANTES AND HIS TRANSLATORS (4 th S. viii.
392, 450.) I have heard it reported that a new
English translation of Don Qiiijote is in prepara-
tion, and probably the great Spanish wit will
be more faithfully rendered than in any extant
translation. So far as the Spanish text is concerned,
late editions will give an English translator all
the assistance that careful and loving editorship
can command. It is the generally accepted tradi-
tion that Shelton used an Italian translation, and
this seems probable, as Brunet gives 1616 as the
date of the first French one (by Oudin). It seems
hardly probable, looking at the immense popu-
larity of the Spanish work, that eleven years
would elapse before a French translation appeared
(Oudin published his translation of Spanish pro-
verbs in 1609). I merely mention th-
hoping to elicit some particulars with reference to
the earliest Quichotte in French. Brunet notes :
" Le meurtre de la fidelite et la defense de 1'hon
oil est racontee la tri.ste et pitoyable avanture da b
Philidon et les raisons de la belle ct cliasfc Mar
accusee de-sa mort. Paris, Jean Richer, HJOD. Ep:
tire de la premiere partie du D. Quietiotte."
Brunet cites 1621 as the date of the first It:
translation he met with, but says one must !
appeared prior to 1612, as Shelton used the Italian
work for his edition, 1612. I am inclined to tl
that there must have been a French transl..
prior to 1616, and that Shelton used it.
F. W. C.
ARCHERY versus MUSKETRY (4 th S. viii. 371,
447, 485.) I have to thank MR. W. H.
for his interesting endorsement to my note. If I
remember my old French informant rightly.
Russian bowmen at Austerlitz were CulnmclvS,,
and not Cossacks; but the smoke of modem
battles often confuses even military observers.
WAJ.TEE THORNBURY.
5, Furnival's Inn, Holborn, E.G.
" PRISE" (4 th S. viii. 305, 376, 487.) MR.
SKEAT taunts me with a specimen of what he
chooses to call "guessing etymology." I <
sidered, and still consider, the word prise as a
contraction of upraise ; and see no reason why I
am to derive it from a French word. The French
wordp-we signifies a seizing or holding fast ; but
our mechanics' term " prise " means something
more raising up, or upraising^ A man may .-
and hold fast, without intending to raise, or force
up. F. C. II.
FUNERAL OF QUEEN CAROLINE (4 th S. viii.
281, 333, 403.) I see by your correspondent's
note (p. 463) that there was no foundation for
the generally received opinion, at the time, that
Sir Robert 'Wilson lost his commission in the
army where he had rendered such distinguished
services in consequence of having taken an active
part in the demonstration at the Queen's funeral.
4 th S. IX. JAN. 13, 72.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
45
ME. RANDOLPH, writing the Life of this gallant
soldier, no doubt has the best authority for his
contradiction ; and I stand corrected when he
affirms that Sir Robert " was. simply following as
a mourner," on horseback, " but not in uniform";
and " the only reason for his presence at all
being the fact of his eldest sou having been
equerry to the late queen." But then what could
be the causa causans of Sir Robert Wilson's being,
"by an arbitrary and unjust fiat of a servile and
hostile government, absolutely deprived of his
commission and all the fruits of his long and
arduous services " ? This history we shall learn
in the third volume of his Life, which I shall
read with interest. ME. RANDOLPH again says:
" His restoration was owing more to the personal
favour of the king than to any intervention "; and
yet, according to his own showing and Sir Robert's
notes, "Lord Hertford told him that the Duke
of Clarence asked his opinion as to what he
should do on becoming king, and that he (the
Marquis of Hertford) recommended him to restore
Sir Robert Wilson." Mr. Peel, too, told him
" that he had taken the first step for his restora-
tion"; and "Sir Henry Hardinge told him that
the Duke of Wellington had said, t The time is
come for Wilson's reinstatement.' " t Surely these
interventions or recommendations, whatever you
please to call them, coining from such advisers,
must have had great weight on the old and at
the same time new king. In fact, we learn that
Lord Hill had, on July 21, directions from Wil-
liam IV. for the restoration to the army of the
noble Sir Robert Wilson with the rank of lieut.-
general, and that he was accordingly gazetted on
the 23rd.
One of Sir Robert Wilson's sons, he told me,
went out to South America, and became aide-de-
camp to the liberator Bolivar. Was it the eldest?
P. A. L.
WASHING HANDS (4 th S. viii. 505.) The same
fanc} r as to the necessity for the sign of the cross
being made over water, to prevent a quarrel with
the person who has already washed in it, prevails
in this part of the W T est Hiding. G. T. D.
This making "the sign of the cross over the
water" was common in the village where I was
born, and we practised it at school. I add another
bit in connection with hand- washing : If you
wipe your hands on the same towel, and at the
same time with another person, you and that
person will, at some time in life, go a-begging
together. THOS. RATCLLFEE.
DAVID : DAVIT (4 th S. viii. 329, 402.) K C. II.
sa} r s " the Welsh name is Dewy or Dewid." In
"An Elegy" to Nest, the daughter of Howel,
by Einion, the son of Gwalchuiai, about the year
1240 *, the name occurs as Dewi, of course equi-
valent to Dewy. The name of a famous Welsh
bard, who flourished A. D. 1400, is Griffydd
Llwyd-ap-Z)/7/flY/-ap Einion Llygliw.t In the
" Brut y TywTSOgioa," the name is variously spelt,
viz. Dyued, JUyfed, Lavyd, Davycl, Dauid.
Cler.kenwell, E*.C. J- JEREMIAH.
BONNETS (4 th S. viii. 516.) W. M. M. will find
much curious and amusing information concerning
women's head dresses in a paper by J. A. Repton
in The Archaoloyia, vol. xxvii. pp. 29-76. Among
other documents quoted there is the provision
accounts on " The Marriage of the Daughters of
Sir J. Nevil, temp. Henry VIII."
The prices of ladies' bonnets seem to have been
high, but these were no doubt of a costly kind :
" Item, 3 black velvet bonnits for women. Every s. d.
bonnit 17 8 51
Item, a frontlet of blue velvet . . . .76
Item, a millen bonnit, dressed with agletts . 110
Item, a boimit of black velvet . . . .150
Item, a frontlet of the same bounit. . . 12 0.' ?
(P. 37.)
The writer also quotes Hall (I suppose the
chronicler, but he does not say so, or give any
reference to assist in verification), who speaks of
ten ladies who had " on their heades square bon-
nettes of damaske gold with lose golde that did
hang doime at their backes."
EDWARD PEACOCK.
HERON, OR HERNE (4 th S. viii. 517.) A highly
educated lady, a native of the south of England,
once told me that she could tell, if she had not
already known, that I was a native of Lancashire
from the fact that I pronounced the word Heron
as it is spelt, and not Herne, as I ought to do.
J.I.
" BLACK BARNSLEY " (4 th S. viii. 451.) I am
well acquainted with " lilake Barnsley," and have
no hesitation in declaring that Blake the dialect
form used as an adjunct to the town means bleak
and not black. In the dialect of Lancashire, Wake
certainly means black. Thus " Blakebiiru," =
jB/ac&burn, is the black burn or rivulet. But the
meaning of Wake, in the language of Tom Treddle-
hoyle, is different to its signification in that of
Tim Bobbin. VIATOR (1.)
GAME-PENCIL (4 th S. viii. 512.) A shale of
this description is common in Derbyshire, and is
used b} r school-boys when they find pieces long
enough to write with. They call it " dog-pencil ' ? ;
why so, I have often wondered.
THOS. RATCLIFFE.
GENEALOGICAL HINT (4 th S. viii. 513.) The
suggestion of MR. BARRINGTON, that a child should
* Evans's Specimens of Ancient Welsh Poetry, Llanid
's, reprinted from Dodsley's edition of 1764, p. 28.
loes, reprinted
f Evans, p. 14.
46
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[4'iS. IX. JAN. 13,72.
bear his mother's as well as his own Christian
siame and his fathers surname, has been a fa-
vourite argument of mine for several years. It
would have many advantages beyond those named.
It would not only distinguish the child from all
others bearing a favourite family name, but would
permanently record the mother's maiden name as
well. It would connect families between which
only a vague and doubtful link exists. A recent
example occurred only to-day in reading of the
Walters who founded The Times. "Mr. John
Walter, Jun.," is mentioned, and the writer has
to pause to explain that this is the second of the
three who have borne the name of " John Wal-
ter," and who have all been associated with The
Times. The only possible objection is, that names
would become too long; but practically double
names are so common (merely to distinguish)
that such an objection has little weight. One
odd difference in the fashion of names has often
struck me. In England, and especially lately, we
give the second name in full G. Washington
Moon, &c. ; while in the United States the cus-
tom is generally reversed, and George W. Moon
would be the common form. ESTE.
STEREOSCOPY (4 th S. viii. 512.) Your corre-
spondent will find that he can obtain the effect
produced by a picture in a stereoscope in the fol-
lowing manner: Let him hold the slide before
him at a proper distance to enable him to see
both pictures distinctly. He should then, with-
out altering the distance of the slide, look as it
were through it, as if the slide were of glass. He
will then become aware of four pictures, of which
the two innermost will gradually merge into one ;
when this is accomplished, he will see only three,
and the middle one will stand out with the usual
stereoscopic effect. Care should be taken to hold
the slide perfectly horizontally; and when the
two innermost pictures begin to merge, the ob-
server must look further or nearer through the
slide, until both become one. I never require the
aid of a box when looking at a slide.
ALFRED STROXG.
Junior Athenasum Club, Piccadilly, W.
Not many ladies, I should think, would care to
l)e subjected to such an ordeal as that suggested
by your correspondent. At all events, I doubt if
science would be the thought uppermost in the
minds of persons so situated. Give me leave to
recommend the proposed alternative, viz. to "per-
form it alone by flattening one's nose against a
looking-glass," in preference to the other method,
which seems to inculcate an exceptional morality.
BILBO.
" THE MISLETOE BOUGH " (4 th S. viii. 8, 313,
554.) Miss Mitford in 1829 (Life, ii. 281) says
this story belongs to Bramshill, Sir John Cope's
house in Hampshire. But she adds, " This story
is common to old houses : it was told me of the
great house at Malsanger." This last house is
near Basingstoke, and, at nearly the same date, is
said to have been unoccupied. " (Gary's Patcrson's
Roads, 1828.) LYTTELTON.
Hagley Hall, Stourbridge.
MARRIAGES OF EXGLISH PRINCESSES (4 th S.
vii. passim ; viii. 57, 152, 253, 315, 492.) MR.
T. S. NORGATE'S contribution may be an interest-
ing scrap to himself, and ma} r , alas ! for human
nature, be particularly interesting to the reverend
descendant of the Lady Alianore, but it is alto-
gether beside the point at issue. The names of
princesses registered in " N. & Q." under the
above title were daughters or sisters of the sove-
reign ; and if your correspondent did not, he
ought to have known this. Perhaps he will allow
me to tell him that the Lady Alianore had four
sisters, all of whom married subjects of the reign-
ing sovereign ; and her brother (the first Duke of
Lancaster), the father of " Blanche," also married
a subject; but they were great-grandchildren of
one king and great-nieces and nephew of another,
and were themselves children of the third Earl of
Lancaster, whose wife " Chaworth " was not of
royal blood. The Lady Eleanor's husband, the
Earl of Arundel, was, by the way, her second
husband. JTJNII NEPOS.
GYBBON SPILSBURY (4 th S. viii. 528.) By a
singular coincidence I was occupied the very
morning I received " N. & Q." in endeavouring to
find out this name in the Court Guide, London
Directory, &c., in which I was unsuccessful.
I kave for many years been trying to find out
the inventor or patentee of a paint called kalso-
mine, which I believe was first invented by Miss
Fanny Corbaux the artist, and by her used pro-
fessionally. Subsequently, with some modifica-
tions, it was introduced into house-painting, and
was used by one of the first house-painters in
London. In his hands, however, it was not suc-
cessful, as it did not prove remunerative, and he
discontinued the use of it, and it is now only
employed by one house, who will not give the
receipt.
I have recently and accidentally come into pos-
session of the Third Report of the Commissioners
on the Fine Arts in 1844 (a parliamentary paper),
and the appendix contains an account of this
paint signed li Gybbon Spilsbury, Patentee." I
am therefore, though for another 'cause, interested
in M. D.'s inquiry, and should much like to know
if Mr. Spilsbury is still alive and still in posses-
sion of the patent ; or if not, who the patent now
rests with. II. M. SUSSEX.
BATTLE OF HARLAW (4 th S. viii. 527.) I beg
to recommend to your correspondent the account
of this battle in Mr. Arthur Hill Burton's History
of Scotland as being both graphic and accurate.
J H. I. OAKLEY.
s. IX. JAN. 13, '72.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
47
ORPHANAGE (4 th S. viii. 518.) 1 cannot help
to determine when this word " orphanage " was
first diverted from its proper original meaning- of
"state of an orphan" to that which it usually
bears at present; but this use of the termination
age need not surprise anyone who considers its
local force in " hermitage," " steerage," " vicar-
age/' &c., or its collective force in " baggage,"
"coinage," "verbiage," &c. As " orphan " is
from the Greek, a purist would object to such a
word as " orphanhood," as a hybrid ; but happily
there is no such word. J. H. I. OAKLEY.
"HE MADE THE DESERT SMILE " (4 th S. Tiii.
518.) I was familiar with the noble mansion of
Alton Towers in the days of its glory, and well
knew the figure and inscription alluded to by
ELLA. It is a bust, however, not a statue, which
surmounts the pedestal. The first time I visited
that fairy land was in the time of the excellent
Earl John; and going with him over the inde-
scribably beautiful gardens, we came to this pe-
destal and bust. I had no idea whom the bust
represented ; and not being very near it. it struck
me as so like O'Connell, that I said very un-
guardedly to Lord Shrewsbury, {t That, I sup-
pose, is O'Connell." Had I been near enough to
read the inscription, or had I reflected for a mo-
ment on the antagonism between O'Connell and
the noble earl, I should never have uttered words
> so rash and offensive. Lord S. immediately
answered in a tone of surprise, as well he might :
" no, that's my uncle." It was in fact the bust
of Charles, Earl of Shrewsbury, who built Alton
Towers, and laid out the magnificent gardens,
where before there had been little better than a
desert. The line below is very happily chosen.
I am not sure, however, if it is a quotation. It
sounds like one from Pope ; but I have not found
it in his poems. F. C. H.
This line is engraved on the pedestal of the
bust of the Earl of Shrewsbury, who built Alton
Towers. I never took it for a quotation, but it
refers to the fact that he converted what was once
a rabbit warren into these beautiful though fan-
tastic gardens. W. J. BERNHARD SMITH.
CHRISTENING BIT (4 th S. viii. 506.) I have
frequently witnessed, at Looe, in south-east Corn-
wall, the custom described by H. A. The gift,
however, was generally a small cake made for the
purpose, and was called the "christening crib"
a crib of bread or cake being a provincialism for a
bit of bread, &c. According to the late Mr. Couch*
the same custom was formerly observed at Pol-
perro, about three miles from Looe, at weddings
as well as christenings. The gift, there termed
the kimlly, was also made to the person who
brought the first news of a birth to those interested
in the new arrival. WM. PENGELLY.
* History ofPolperro, pp. 129-30 (1871).
NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.
Sound the World in 1870 : an Account of a brief Tour
made through India, China, Japan, California, and
' South America. By A. D. Carlisle, B.A., Trin. Coll.
Cam. (King & Co.)
An unpretending, pleasantly written narative, of a
thirteen months' run round the world, five of which
were spent on board the steamers. It is for the most
part a transcript from the author's journal, and claims
to be nothing more than an easy, truthful, and, as the
writer modestly hopes, not uninteresting account of the
men, manners, and objects of interest, natural and arti-
ficial, seen in the different countries visited by him. In
I one respect Mr. Carlisle shows marked good sense, for
; feeling very properly that his opportunity of forming a
judgment upon many of the vexed questions connected
with the various places visited by him were too few and
too brief, he very wisely abstains from dogmatising on?
such difficult topics ; and we sincerely hope that any one
with 1500Z. to spare, and two years "on hand, who" may
be disposed to employ th>m in a similar trip, will, if he
publishes an account of his travels, follow in this respect
the excellent example set by Mr. Carlisle.
Count Robert of Paris. By Sir Walter Scott, Bart.
(A. & C. Black.)
The Siirgeon's Daughter and Castle Dangerous. By Sir
Walter Scott, Bart. (A. & C. Black.)
With these two' volumes, the 24th and 25th, " The
Centenary Edition " of The Waverley Novels is brought
to a close. Its success has been very great ; and it is a
good sign that there is such a demand" for these admirable
and healthy fictions, for we were assured the other day
by a London retail bookseller that he had himself sold
upwards of four thousand volumes of this cheap and
popular issue of them.
Pliny's Letters. By the Rev. Alfred Church, M.A., Head
Master of the Royal Grammar School, Henley-on-
Thames, and the Rev. W. J. Brodribb, M.A., late Fel-
low of St. John's College, Cambridge. (Blackwood.)
This new volume of Messrs. Blackwood's "Ancient
Classics for English Readers " will, we think, prove to be
one of the most popular of the Series. I the first place, from
the introductory notice of the Younger Pliny, and of the
important period at which he lived that period of tran-
sition in the history of mankind which began with the
origin and rise of the Christian Church ; and next, from
the great interest both in the matter and style of his-
letters. In the work before us many of the translations
are borrowed from those of Lord O"rrery and Melmoth,
some few are derived from Dean Merivale, and the rest
are by the editors.
BOOKS RECEIVED. The Debatable Land between this-
World and the Next. With Illustrative Narratives. By
Robert Dale Owen. (TrUbner & Co.) We have neither
time nor space to enter into an examination of our
author's views on Spiritualism, and must therefore con-
tent ourselves with calling the attention of our readers
interested in the subject to Mr. Owen's book. Johnnie
Gibb of Gushetneuk, in the Parish of Pyketillim. With
Glimpses of the Parish Politics about A.D. 1843. (Walker,
Aberdeen.; An amusing sketch of Aberdeen rural life,
exhibiting the characteristics of the Aberdeen Dialect,
which will amuse readers generally and Aberdeen folk es-
pecially. Water not Convex : the Earth not a Globe. De-
monstrated by William Carpenter. (Printed for the Author,
Lewisham.) We do not profess to treat questions of
48
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[4> S. IX. JAN. 13, 72.
science in these columns, and therefore leave Mr. Car-
penter's theory to the examination of our more scientific
contemporaries. White's Substantive Seniority Army
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& Co.) In the uncertainty which still obtains with
respect to the future organisation of the army, onr mili-
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Army List like'this, which exhibits the "Seniority"
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merit."
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vately on application to Mr. Robert Ready at the British
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M.I). The notice of Francis Walkingame appeared in
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commenced on April\, 1832, and the Saturday Magazine
on July 7, 1832.
LIEUT.-COT,. W. Pt. WALLACE. Prose by a Poet, 2
rols. 1824, is by the late James Montgomery, of Sheffield.
See Holland a/id Everett's Memoirs of htm, iv. 39.
X. Edward Perronet (oft. Jan. 1792) was the author
of the, hymn "AH hail the power of Jesus name.' 1 (Mil-
ler's Singers and Songs of the Church, ed. 1869, p. 247.)
MACKROCHKIR. T/ie cottage-building humorist, and
writer ofOiKifita, or Nutshells, by Jose Mac Packe, a
bricklayer's labourer, 1785, is James Peacock, architect,
author" of Filtration by Ascent, 1793; anil "Instruments
for Perspective JJrawing,'' Philos. Transactions, 1785.
H. FI.SIHVK K. The. passage, in question runs "Itaque
quoquo pacto emigrant miser/, riri, jttidieres, mariti" Sec.
NOTICE.
We beg leave to state that we dec-line to return communications
which, for any reason, we do not print; and to this rule we can make no
exception.
All communications should be addressed to the Editor at the Office,
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To all communications should be affixed 'the name and address of
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4 lh S. IX. JAN. 20, Y2.~]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
49
LONDON, SATURDAY, JANUARY 20, 1872.
CONTENTS. N 212.
NOTES: Ballad upon Sir William Davenant's " Cruelty
of the Spaniards in Peru," 49 Napoleon on Board the
Northumberland, 50 Sir William Clerke, Chaplain of
Kanff 1547 : Clerk of Pennycuick, 51 Mural Decorations :
Trcvalga Church, 52 Bell Inscriptions Lucifer Matches
Babies: Folk Lore Tinker's Cry Four Children at
a Birth An old Sons in praise of Beef George III.'s
Visit to Portsmouth, 1773 Longevity : Mrs. Lenfesty
A remarkable Centenarian Martin Guerre, or Arnauld
du Thil New Year's Eve Custom, 53.
Ql r KRIES : Ebony Portrait of Louis XVI., 54 Thomas
Bird Jacob Bosanquet Brass Knockers Barou Bun-
s,-n Dr. Fowkc Galileo Gibson Family An English
Idiom Kesch Family Females with Wigs Knarr :
Wryde "The Ladies' Library " Napoleon at Elba
Nelson's Punctuality Poems Quotations wanted Sir
Walter Scott Scottish Iron Money The Size of a Book
Claws of Shell-Fish Sussex Queries : The Devil's Nut-
ting Day " Sworo by no Bugs " Tumuli Duke of
Wellington, 55.
REPLIES: Richard Harrison Black, LL.D. (and James
Black), 58 Sternhold and Hopkins, Ib. Homer and
his Translators. 59 Cokcsey : Throckmorton, &c., 60
Snatches of Old Tunes, 62-Piiblic Teachers Blue Speed-
well Old Enigmatical Puzzle Population of London in
^(W> G-cii. .John Desborongh Rev. John Bryan Water
;is a Turnspit "Leave me not" Dr. Young's Step-
daughter "The, Beggar's Daughter of Bednall Green "
rocket-Handkerchiefs Death's Head Buttons Robert
Alonhm Wise-man of Barbadoes An Old Song Mon-
talt Barons Orphanage Lettice Knollys Provincial
Glossary, &c., (52.
Notes ou Books, &c.
BALLAD UPON SIR WILLIAM DAVENANT'S
"CRUELTY OF THE SPANIARDS IN PERU."
My friend ME. HUSK'S notice of Davenant's
first dramatic attempts to amuse the public during
the period of the Commonwealth (4 th S. viii. 495)
reminds me of a ballad which I possess, in a con-
temporary MS., illustrating his second essay
The Cruelty of the Spaniards in Peru. According
to the title-page of the first edition, 4to, 1658, it
was " exprest by Instrumental and Vocal Musick,
and by the Art of Perspective in Scenes, &c., re-
presented daily at the Cock-pit in Driiry-lane, at
three in the afternoon punctually." At the end
of the book is this advertisement :
" Notwithstanding the . great expense necessary to
scenes and other ornaments in this entertainment, there
is a good provision made of places for a shilling, and i
shall begin certainly at three in the afternoon."
John Evelyn thus speaks of this piece in his
Diary :
"5 May, 1659. I went to visit my brother in London
and next day to see a new opera after the Italian way in
recitative musiq. and sceanes, much inferior to the Italian
composure and magnificence : but it was prodigious
that, in a time of such publique consternation, such i
vanity should be kept up or permitted. I being engaged
with company, could not decently resist the going to se
it, though my heart smote me for it."
The consternation here alluded to was, of course
th% recent death of Cromwell. We get a good
idea of the sensational effects of this spectacl
rom a scene which is thus described in the stage
erections :
"A doleful pavin, is played to prepare the change of
he scene, which represents a dark prison at a great dis-
ance ; and farther to the view, are discerned racks and
>ther engines of torture, with which the Spaniards are
ormenting the natives and English mariners, who ma}*
>e supposed to be lately landed there to discover the
ioast. Two Spaniards are likewise discovered sitting in
heir cloaks, and appearing more solemn in rufTs, vviili
apiers and daggers by their sides; the one turning a
pit,- while the other is" basting an Indian prince, w!m is
oasted at an artificial fire."
I may add that the following ballad is probably
copied from a printed broadside, and a version of
t is given, with some slight variations, in the 1 bird
volume of A Select Collection of Poems, with Nates,
1780, p. 203:
"A UALLA1) UPON THE LATK NKW OPKKA, ' TUh
CKUKLTV OF THE SPANIARDS IX 1'KKU.'
" Now Heaven preserve our realm,
And him that sits at th' helm :
I will tell yon of a new story
Of Sir William and his apes,
With full many merry japes,
Much after the rate of John Doric.
" This sight is to be seen
Near the street that is call'd the Queen,
And the people have call'd the Opera :
But the devil take my wife
If all the days in my life
I did ever see such a foppery.
" Where first one begins
With a trip and a cringe,
And a face set in starch to accost 'em ;
Aye, and with a speech to boot
That had neither head nor foot
Might have serv'd for a Charterhouse rostrum.
" Oh, he look'd so like a Jew,
Would have made a man spew,
When he told them here was this, here was that :
Just like him that shews the tombs,
For when the sum total comes
'Tis two hours of I know not what.
"'Neither must I here forget
The music, how it was set,
Dice two ayres and a half, and a Jove [sic] :
And the rest was such a gig
Like the squeaking of a pig,
Or cats when they're making their love.
" The next thing was the scene,
And that, as it was lain,
But no man knows where, in Peru;
With a story for the nonce
Of raw headland bloody bones,
But the devil a word that was true.
" There might you have seen an ape
With his fellow for to gape,
Now dancing and turning o'er and o'er.
What cannot poets do ?
They can find out in Peru
Things no man ever saw before.
" Then presently the Spaniard
Struts with his winyard,
Now heaven of thy mercy how grim !
Who'd have thought that Christian men
Would have eat up children,
Had he not seen them do it limb by limb ?
50
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[4h s. IX. JAN. 20, 72.
" Oh, greater cruelty yet !
Like a pig upon a spit,
Here lies one. there another boiFd to a jelly ;
Just so the people stare
At an ox in the fair
Roasted whole, with a pudding in's belly.
" I durst have laid my head
That the King there had been dead,
When I saw how they basted and carved him ;
Had he not come up again
Upon the stage, there to complain
How scurvily the rogues had serv'd him.
"A little further in
Hung a third by the chin,
And a fourth cut out all in quarters ;
Oh, that Fox had now been living,
They had been sure of heaven,
Or at the least been some of his martyr-.
" But, which was strange again.
The Indians that they had slain
Came dancing all in a troop ;
But, oh, give me the last,
For as oflen as he pass'd,
He still tumbled like a dog in a hoop.
"And now, my Signior Struggr,
In good faith you may go jugge,
For Sir William w'ill have something to brag on ;
Oh, the English boys are come
With their fife and their drum,
And still the Knight must conquer the Dragon.
" And so now my story is done,
Asid I'll end as I begun,
With a word, and I care not who know it ;
Heaven keep us, great and small,
And bless us some and all,
From every such pitiful poet ! "
EDWAIID F. KIMB.MJLT.
NAPOLEON ON BOARD THE NORTHUMBER-
LAND.*
tl He would not give any opinion whatever of
Mr. Pitt : ' He had never known him.' I returned
to the charge, saying I meant what did he think
of his political principles ? but he would not utter
a word on the subject. I think he repeated, 'I
never was acquainted with him.' On iny men-
tioning Mr. Windham, he inquired whether I
meant him who had been minister of war ? and
on my answering in the affirmative, he described
him as a man of great talents, but who had been
very much his enemy, or nearly these words. I
said Mr. Windham was a white, to which he
assented, and so we dropped the subject. The
flotilla, he said, had been only a feint. He did
intend to have attempted an "invasion with his
great ships, his Escadres from Brest and Ferrol.
I forget when it was that he said, shaking his
head and swaggering a little, ' Je ne dis pas que
ce ne me soit pas passe par la tete de conspirer la
perte de 1'Angleterre. Eh ! pendant vingt annees
de guerre ! ' Then, suddenly checking himself
as if he had spoken his mind too freely, ( C'est-
* Concluded from p. 31,
a-dire, ^votre perte, non ! mais votre abaisse-
ment ; je voulois YOUS forcer a etre justes, ou du
moins, moins injustes.' He defended his conti-
nental system, as though it had been provoked by
our orders in council. I reminded him that the
Berlin and Milan decrees were antecedent to
those orders. He said, ' But Lord Grey's blockade
of the Elbe and .Weser had preceded them.' I
was preparing an answer, I believe, to this, when
he gave the discussion another turn by saying
'that, however, it was all our fault for not having
made peace when Lord Lauderdale was at Paris.
That was prior to the battle of Jena, to which
the Berlin and Milan decrees were unquestion-
ably subsequent. Had we made peace then there
would have been no war with Prussia, &c. I
asked him what he thought of the Russian
admiral Tchitchagoff? He replied that he was a
clever fellow, but not a good general. L. ' But
;tt the passage of the Beresina he had not a suffi-
cient force to stop you ; 24,000 men, of whom
8,000 were cavalry, and useless in such a position.'
He began upon this to describe his operations
rather technically, which I not understanding, I
took the opportunity of preventing his going on
in that strain, and observed to him that Kutusoff
had undoubtedly not sent sufficient force to that
point, since Tchitchagoff might have been over-
whelmed by Schwartzenberg's army alone if, for
reasons best known to himself, Schwartzenberg
had not thought fit to abstain from attacking him.
B. l Ah ! ' shaking his head and smiling signifi-
cantly, l ils s'entendoient deja.' Speaking of Bel-
gium, he admitted that it was our policy to fortify
it, &c. ; and when I told him I thought we might
perhaps have allowed France the possession of
Belgium if we could have prevented Antwerp
from falling into her hands, he said that Antwerp
was the port which most threatened England.
He considered our present position as a very com-
manding one. It had, however, its disadvantages
if we were ' dans la premiere ligne de guerre,'
and entitled to take a leading part in whatever
was doing in Europe. On the other hand, not a
shot could be fired anywhere that might not give
us cause of war, and involve us in a quarrel. It
was, I think, in one part of his argument against
us for our present treatment of him that I intro-
duced cautiously, and with as much delicacy as
I could, the battle of Waterloo, of which I said
the issue was (as it might truly be stated without
offence to him) three or four times doubtful. I
then asked him what he thought of the British
infantry? B. (looking more grave and serious
than usual) ' L'infanterie angloise est tres-bonne.'
L. (in a subdued tone) ' Relativement a la
fran9oise ? ' B. ' L'infanterie francoise est aussi
bonne.' L. " A la baionnette ?' B. ' L'infanterie
fran9oise est aussi bonne a la baionnette. Beau-
coup depend de la conduite.' L. ' Le corps de
4> s. ix. JAN. 20, 72.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
51
genie ? I'artillerie ? ' B. ( Tout cela est bon,
tres-bon ! ' L. ' C'est a vous, Monsieur le General,
que nous devons nos progres dans 1'art de la
guerre.' B. * Eh ! 011 ne peut faire la guerre sans
deveuir soldat, 1'histoire de tons les pays prouve
cela.' Early in the conversation I had said I
hoped he was satisfied with the permission given
to so many officers to accompany him to St.
Helena. He replied, with a slight shrug, ' Three |
or four of them.' St. Helena he called ' une ile
de fer, d'ou il ne seroit pas possible de s'evader; '
and complained of its climate as unwholesome. I
denied the unwholesomeness of the climate, and
assured him I knew the contrary, not only from
books, but from the report of several people who
had been in the island. When first he mentioned
St. Helena there was a great noise upon deck,
and I heard him indistinctly, and thought he was
speaking of England. This occasioned my saying,
' Sir, you must recollect that many of your officers
have effected their escape (se sont evades) ; for
instance, Lefevre Desnouettes,' but when I found
my mistake I pursued that subject no further,
and apologised, I think, for having introduced it.
"The state of France, he said, was such as might
be expected in a country in which you were at-
tempting ( imposer un roi par une force etrangere.'
The Bourbons, in his opinion, would hardly
attempt to revive the slave trade. It was im-
politic, and besides, * chose tres-inhuniaine.' I
asked him if he had read Sismondi's Essay ? to
which I could not collect his answer. His ge-
neral reasons against the slave trade as a measure
of policy were that, supposing it were advisable
to import negroes into the colonies (which, how-
ever, he denied), it could only be done at a great
expence, and that the moment war broke out we
should probably take the French islands, and that
French capital was more wanted now in the in-
terior of the kingdom, where it was on all accounts
better to employ it. We finished by talking of
chemistry, to which we were led by his asserting
that France was flourishing not only in agricul-
ture (which was admitted) but in manufactures
(from which I dissented, and instanced Lyons,
without, however, obtaining any concession from
him) ; and, finally, although her commerce had
undoubtedly suffered, her internal resources sufficed,
and that chemical discoveries had supplied many
things that foreign commerce used to furnish:
as, for instance, sugar from beet-root, which he
said was very good, and sold for fifteen pence a
pound much cheaper than the foreign, on which
he laid a heavy tax that would in time of peace
yield a tolerable resource, as the rich would after
all prefer the true sugar, and he should in the
mean time be encouraging his home manufac-
tures.
"He talked eagerly on this subject : said they
were making indigo from woad (pastel], and that
there was an old law of Henry the IVth forbid-
ding the importation of indigo, which he either
had or intended to revive. In England, he said,
we had as much chemistry, { a la tete de 1'In-
stitut,' but that it was not so popularly diffused
or so practically useful as in France. Sir H.
Davy he remembered, but gave no opinion of him.
All the time that we were thus conversing he
remained standing on the spot where he had first
halted with me, near the poop, and facing it. It
is obvious that it was his wish to continue the
conversation, since there were people enough upon
deck, among others people of his own train, to
whom he might have turned aside if he had
chosen it. He quitted us at last with great
abruptness, looking suddenly up to the sky, and
saying, ' II me semble qu'il fait un pen frais,' after
which he tripped straight off into the cabin on
tip-toe, with a mincing step and a slight shrug.
We stared, and had some difficulty in refraining
from laughter.
"During the whole of these conversations,
which lasted altogether not less than two hours,
Bonaparte never appeared for a moment to los<>
his temper or to be in any degree indecently if at
all agitated. His expressions were often strong, but
were calmly uttered ; his voice was scarcely ever
elevated ; his countenance composed, and he ges-
ticulated very little indeed, much less than French-
men or Italians generally do. In short, there
was nothing in his manner that indicated passion
or dejection. He seemed to be perfectly collected,
and talked as freely upon trifles as upon the
greater questions of politics connected with his
history, or the points that peculiarly related to
his present condition. Nay, more, his style was
remarkably lively; he always made very plea-
sant play, and I should imagine it impossible not
to admire his quickness, adroitness, and originality,
and the excellent command of temper that accom-
panied these spirited and agreeable qualities.
He was, as I suppose I have already sufficiently
shown, by no means coarse or uncivil, but, on
the other hand, neither did he use much form or
ceremony ; and I observed that he never once
said Monsieur to me, or Milord to Lord Lowther.
He gave us no appellation of courtesy whatever."
SIR WILLIAM CLERKE, CHAPLAIN OF BANFF
1547 : CLERK OF PENNYCUICK.
There existed in the royal burgh of Banff, dur-
ing tlfp fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, a gram-
mar school or schools of considerable importance,
and as the town was inhabited by persons of rank
and wealth, it may reasonably be supposed that
the teachers were carefully "selected, and fully
qualified for their situations.
On March 6, 1547, the important office was
held by an ecclesiastic of the name of Clerke or
52
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[4* S. IX. JAN. 20, '72.
Clerk, whose salary was then fixed at five marks
by the provost and magistrates, payable half-
yearly at Whitsunday and Martinmas. The
liferent grant was to the " venerable " man, Sir
William Clerke, Chaplain of Banff "Pro erigen-
dis et docendis per eum scolis gramaticalibus con-
tinue in dicta urbe de Banff." The deed was
witnessed, amongst others, by Patrick Grantully,
Hector of Glass, a neighbouring parish ; Andrew
Anderson, Curate of Banff, and the Members of
the town council. Its due execution is certified
by Thomas Walters, " Presbyter Aberdoniensis
diocesis, publicus papalis, imperialis, et regius
notarius."
The name of Clerke or Clerk frequently occurs
among the Banff muniments. From one of them
it appears that John Clerk, a burgess of the royal
burgh, was owner of certain tenements there,
which he sold to Patrick Duncan, a fellow-bur-
gess. These subjects were bounded on the north
by the lands of Eobert Berclai (Berkeley), those of
William Strach (Strachan) on the south, the lands
of Alexander Abercrombie on the east, and from
thence ascending " usque ad le Corsgate " on the
west. This was evidently the Crossgate.
Clerk mentions in the testing clause that, not
having a (i proper" seal of his own, Archibald
Lyddale and James Bard, baillies of Banff* ap-
pended their seals for him. The tag only remains
of the seal of the former, but the seal of Bard or
Baird is entire and well preserved. There is no
date to this deed, but, judging from the caligra-
phy, it was written before 1500. Baird was a
vassal in the lands of Ordenhuffis, in the county
of Banff, held then of the Gordons of Huntly.
Various writings prove that Sir William Clerke
was a man of substance. In several title-deeds
reference is made to his tenements as bound-
aries. John Clerke, who sold his possessions to
Duncan, was perhaps his father or grandfather. It
would be interesting to know something more
about the venerable schoolmaster of Banff, to
whose supervision the education of the youth of
the district had been entrusted. The Clerks of
Penny cuick, in the county of Midlothian, are sup-
posed to hfl,ve come from Forfarshire. May they
not have had some connection with the shire of
Banff? They were originally traders in Montrose,
and settled in Edinburgh during the perilous days
of Charles I., when one of them, a burgess of
Edinburgh, acquired the estate of Pennycuick
from the ancient family of that name.
One of the family, conjectured to have been
William, the third son of the first baronet who
got the title from Charles II. in 1678-9, was in
1662 a member of the Faculty of Advocates, and
the author of a comedy entitled Marciano, which
possesses great merit. One of the songs intro-
duced in it might be accepted as the production of
Carew or Herrick. It was acted before the Lord
High Commissioner Middleton by a party of private
gentlemen: this at least is stated on the title of
the play, which was published in Edinburgh, and,
with the exception of TarugJs Wiles (by St. Serfe or
Sidserfe), is the only drama written by a Scotsman
during the latter part of the seventeenth century,
Crawford's two comedies properly belonging to the
| beginning of the succeeding one. . J. M.
MURAL DECORATIONS : TREVALGA CHURCH.
A few weeks ago I visited the ancient church of
Trevalga in the deanery of Trigg Minor, Corn-
wall. On the north side of the chancel is a small
chapel, 11 ft. by 10 ft, of the first pointed period.
It is now in a sad condition of repair, though un-
touched materially since the date of its erection.
It is lighted by an elegant double lancet in the
east, and by a single lancet in the north wall.
In the angle on the south side is a small round-
headed piscina, and at the angle of the splay of
the eastern window is a large bracket, on which
formerly stood the image of the saint to whom
the church is dedicated. There remains also what
appears to be a fragment of a ledge in the
window sill, which would lead one to suppose it
was a portion of the altar slab, except that an
examination on the outside shows that the win-
dow has been walled up about a foot above its
original base.
My present design, however, is to call attention
to another object in this interesting chapel, which
is perhaps unique, at least in Cornwall. Observ-
ing that a small part of the whitewash on the
walls had been peeled away, showing colouring
underneath, the rector, the Rev. W. P. Roberts,
courteously gave me permission to examine it
further ; and finding that the whitewash of ages
was easily separated from the walls in large thick
flakes, with the aid of a long screwdriver I soon
stripped off sufficient to disclose the whole design
of the ornamentation. It is, I consider, coeval
with the building, and the colours are as bright
as when laid on some six hundred years ago. the
design is executed in fresco, and is very simple
and effective. The arches of the windows are
painted in masonry, in indian red and bright
orange, the divisions being white, jointed with
black lines. This ornamentation of the arches is
supported by columns, painted at the angles in
red lines, with an orange capital foliated with
black lines. The eastern window is further en-
riched by a foliated coronal in red. The walls
are ornamented throughout their whole surface in
masonry with red lines the horizontal lines being
single, and the perpendicular double ; whilst the
divisions are enriched, alternately, by red scroll-
work and black cinquefoils. The head of the
east window is decorated with a quatrefoil within
a striped border of black, white, and orange. The
4 th S. IX. JAN. 20, '72.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
53
whole surface of the walls is of a pale grey colour.
Tho church, which is in a very dilapidated con-
dition, is about to be restored as soon as funds
for the purpose can be obtained, under the direc-
tion of Mr. St. Aubyn, the architect ; and it is to
be hoped that careful tracings will be made of
this ancient and interesting 1 work of art, with a
view to its being replaced in the restored chapel.
JOHN MACLEAN.
Hammersmith.
BELL INSCRIPTIONS. The following inscriptions
are to be found on five good bells at Passenham,
co. Northampton :
1. " Sancta Maria ora pro nobia" (in Old Eng-
lish letters).
2. " Richard Chandler made me, 1711."
3. "Bartholomew Alton made me, B. H. 1624."
4. " A + TRVSTY + FRENDE + TS + HARDE + TO +
FYNDE + 1585."
5. The tenor is very large and good :
" This Bell, the gift of S r Robert Banistre in 1635, was
recast at the expense of Charles Viscount Maynard and
the Parishioners, 1817. Rev. Loraine Smith, rector;
John Clare, John Clark, C. W. John Briant, Hertford,
fecit. Gloria Deo in excel: ;i . '
D. C. E.
South Bersted.
LUCIFER MATCHES. As the following news-
paper cutting relates to a most useful modern
invention, I send it to you. Pray give it a corner
in " N. & Q. What would the civilised world
do (not forgetting the readers of your valuable
paper, these dark mornings and still darker even-
ings), if lucifer matches, and how to make them,
were quite forgotten ?
" INVENTION OF LUCIFER MATCHES. The invention
of lucifer matches was due, it seems, to the devotion of a
young chemist to his studies. Mr. Isaac Holden, in his
evidence before the Patent Committee in England, says
that he had to rise at four in the morning to begin study,
and that he found it very tedious and troublesome to
obtain a light by the then ordinary method with tinder,
flint, and steel. Hfl tells us that he, like other chemists,
knew the explosive material that was necessary in order
to produce instantaneous light ; but it was very difficult
to communicate light from that explosive material to
wood. In a fortunate moment, the idea occurred to him
of placing sulphur next to the wood. This he did, and
showed the process in the lectures which he was deliver-
ing at the time before a large academy. Among the
audience was the son of a London chemist, who wrote to
his father about it ; and within a short time afterward
lucifer matches became known to the world at large."
11. W. H. N.
Dublin.
BABIES : FOLK LORE. On a nurse taking out a
baby for the first time to show it to different
friends, the one upcto whom the first call is made
should give it a little flour and a little salt, each
wrapped in paper ; an egg, and a sixpence, or any
other coin : so that the child, in its future career,
nay never want money or food or its necessary
seasoning. G. T. 1).
Huddersfield.
TINKER'S GET. Would the following, which I
lave heard from my father many years ago, be of
sufficient interest for the readers of " N. & Q."?
" Work for the tinker, [or all ?] good wives !
For we are men of metal ;
T'were well if you could mend your lives,
As we can mend a kettle."
T. W. WBDD.
FOUR CHILDREN AT A BIRTH. Inscription on
a tombstone in the churchyard at Seaton, Devon-
shire :
' Here tyeth ye Bodys of John, and Rich- 1 , and Edward,
sons of John Roberts "and Elix th his wife, together with
a D r of the same Parsons, borne at one Berth. They
died y e 9 Day of September, and was buryed y 8 17 day
of September, Anno Dom. 1694."
W. C. TREVELTAN.
Seaton, Axminster.
AN OLD SONG IN PRAISE OP BEEF. I happened
to hear a lady repeat the following lines lately,
which she said she liad committed to memory
over sixty years ago. I asked her to write them
out for me, as I thought they were worth a corner
in " N. & Q." She kindly complied with my
request, but could tell me nothing- a s to their
authorship, &c. :
" Queen Bess once fed three men for a year,
On different kinds of food,
To see which might the best appear,
To do a Briton good.
" The first was fed upon veal, sir ;
The second was fed upon mutton ;
The third was fed upon good roast beef,
And gormandised like a glutton.
" When brought to answer the queen's appeal,
On what they'd been licensed to guttle,
The first replied, ' Mem, I've dined upon veal,'
T'other, ' Mutth, sir, -muffle, sir, inutile?
" Savsthe queen, 'These for soldiers of Britain won't d->,
For 1 swear by my majesty's word,
The first would make, good men-milliners,
The second tailors, good lord.'
"The third he came to be questioned in kind.
When as loud as he could bawl,
When asked by the mayor on what he had dined,
Ci'ied ' Beef," and be damned to you all.'
" Queen Bess she gave him her fist with a smile,
And swore it was her belief,
The devil himself could not conquer this isle
While Britons were fed upon beef."
R. W. H. NASH, B.A.
Dublin.
GEORGE III.'s VISIT TO PORTSMOUTH, 1773.
The following extract from a newspaper of the
time of George III.'s visit to Portsmouth, nearly
ono hundred years since, is worthy of preserva-
tion. His majesty's admiration of the Isle of
Wight is\ not surprising, as his ! granddaughter
was equally struck with its beauties ; so much so,
54
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[4th g. IX. JAN. 20, 72.
that she has made it one of her most favoured
residences.
His majesty's preference of taking his dinner in
his pocket to dining on board the Barfleur, rather
than not sail round the island, is an amusing
instance of the king's homely habits. There does
not seem any reasonable doubt of the anecdote
being quite authentic :
"Extract of a Letter from Portsmouth, June 24, 1773.
" On Tuesday his majesty went on board the Barfleur
at three o'clock, dined, and sailed round the fleet in the
afternoon, when he was saluted with twenty-one fires
from each of the ships ; he returned to dock in the
Augusta yacht about eight in the evening. Part of the
company in town went to the theatre. The next day, at
two, his majesty went on board the Barfleur again, when
five of the ships were dressed in the colours of all nations.
His majesty sailed along-side the Isle of Wight shore a
considerable way up ; at nine the Augusta dropped her
anchor off the Castle of South Sea, and the king returned
to the dock in a barge. The sea from the harbour's
mouth was covered with an infinite number of ships and
sailing-boats. The firing has an admirable effect when
looked at from shore. They say the Duke d'Aguillon
(the French Prime Minister), the Duke de Lausun, and
Count Guignes are here. This morning his majesty has
been to Weovil to see the brewhouse; he has held his
levee at the governor's house, and if the rain subsides,
will go round the walls on foot to view the fortifications ;
he does not return to London till to-morrow evening.
"The king, while he viewed the dockyard of Ports-
mouth on Thursday morning, declared he never spent
two such happy days in his life as Tuesday and Wed-
nesday. He was so struck with the beautiful appear-
ance of the Isle of Wight, that he asked one of the
admirals present at the review of the invalids on Thursday
morning, if he could not go round it that day ? On re-
ceiving for answer, ' that it would be impossible if he
dined on board the Barfleur,' he replied, ne would take
his dinner in his pocket sooner than not see the whole
coast of so fertile an island."
J. M.
LONGEVITY : MRS. LENFESTY. On referring to
"N. & Q." (4 th S. vii. 358), an account will be
found of two centenarians, aunt and niece, of the
same name. It; may not be uninteresting to those
who feel a curiosity on the subject of longevity to
know that the latter of the two, Mrs. Lenfesty,
nte De Beaucamp, died at four o'clock P.M. Thurs-
day, Dec. 14, 1871. She was born on Novem-
ber 29, 1770; and had, consequently, reached the
advanced age of one hundred and one years and
fifteen days. On her last birthday she was in per-
fect health, and in possession of all her faculties.
The proximate cause of her death seems to have
been the extreme cold which prevailed about the
beginning of December.
EDGAR MAC CTJLLOCH.
Guernsey.
A REMARKABLE CENTENARIAN. At p. 224 of
his recently published Recollections of past Life,
Sir Henry Holland says, in talking of Sir George
Lewis's views on longevity, " I have myself since
seen a person, still living, who numbers 106 years
well attested by documentary proofs." It would
be interesting if the facts of this remarkable case,
vouched for by so high an authority, were pub-
lished in " N. & Q." and properly authenticated.
W.S.R:
[We have reason to know that this is the case of the
so-called Captain Lahrbush. Sir Henry Holland has ob-
viously never seen the exposure of this case in The
Standard of April 11, 1870. See also " N. & Q." 4 th S.
viii. 367.]
MARTIN GUERRE, OR ARNATJLD DU THIL. 1
think this French case is stranger than that men-
tioned by MR. KING (4 th S. viii. 515), and is to
be seen in the Varietes historiques et litteraires, par
Edouard Fournier, tome viii. Paris, 1857. (Vide
Histoire admirable dun faux et suppose Mari, ad-
venue en Lanyuedof Van 1560. J. MAcDoNALD.
NEW YEAR'S EVE CUSTOM. At Chichester,
shortly before midnight on New Year's Eve, a
band of musicians assembles in the South Street
to perform religious music, and as the clock strikes
twelve the musicians playing loyal airs, and a long
following of the citizens, inarch three times in
procession round the City Cross, the younger folk
often dancing to the livelier tunes.
MACKENZIE E. C. WALCOTT, B.D., F.S.A.
EBONY PORTRAIT OF LOUIS XVI.
I have in my possession a piece of ebony about
two inches high. It is shaped somewhat like an
urn, and has been apparently turned in a lathe.
On holding it to. the light and looking along it, a
profile is seen which is said to be a correct like-
ness of Louis XVI. It was given me by the late
Dean of Limerick, whose father, the celebrated
preacher, Dean Kirwan, brought it from France,
where he had been educated at St. Omers for the
Roman Catholic church. It was said that during
the " Terror," after the murder of the king, the
royalists had these made, and carried them about
them. The republican party could not tell what
they were, and they served as a symbol of recog-
nition to the friends of royalty. Are many of
these things known to be in existence at present ?
I never saw but this one.
Dean Kirwan, who was of an old Galway
family, one of the "Tribes," on his return from
France became a clergyman of the Protestant
church, and was celebrated as a preacher, par-
ticularly of charity sermons. His eloquence was
so irresistible that persons who went to hear him,
leaving their purses at home, were seen to place
their watches, rings, &c., on the plate when the
collection was being taken. 'Ehere is a portrait of
him, life-size I think, in the hall of the Royal
Dublin Society. It was painted by Hamilton at
the expense of the governors of St. Peter's Orphan-
4* S. IX. JAN. 20, 72.]I
NOTES AND QUERIES.
55
age, Dublin. He is represented preaching. His
figure and those of the orphans behind him were
paid for by the governors. The audience are all
portraits also ; each gentleman and lady paid for
their own, with the wretched taste of the day.
The picture represents an imaginary building, and
the preacher was represented standing on some
steps in an attitude borrowed from " Paul preach-
ing at Athens." Some of the " unco gui<J," how-
ever, objected to this as being too like a priest
preaching from the steps of an altar, so the artist
was obliged to paint a sort of pulpit, or rather
circular tub, round the lower part of the figure,
which is still further ornamented by a cloth partly
white, partly red, thrown over it. It is said the
dean was much annoyed by the " improvement,"
and used to say he " looked like a man begging
some one to take him out of a tub." When last
I saw this picture it had been a good deal injured,
apparently by persons who drove the handles of
their brooms through it when sweeping. Now,
as the figures are all portraits of the gentry and
nobility who resided in Dublin in its palmiest
days when it was a metropolis, it is disgraceful
that such a picture, even though, a work of no
great artistic merit, should be allowed to go to
destruction. I do not know if there is a "key "
to the portraits existing; but there are persons
still living who could furnish one, no doubt. The
family of the dean, some of whom must exist in
either the first or second generation, should see to
this, if the Royal Dublin Society do not care to
preserve a national monument committed to their
charge. CTWKM.
Porth-yr-Aur, Carnarvon.
THOMAS BIRD. In the collection of books, &c.
belonging to the late Sir C. Young, offered for
sale by Messrs. Sotheby & Co., Dec. 18, there was
a manuscript by " The late famous antiquarie,
Tho. Bird, Esquier," comprising three treatises of
Nobilitie, Knighthood, and Gentlemen, two of
which have been published. Can any of your
readers give me any information respecting him
the date and place of his birth and death, and
any other particulars ? B.
[There is another copy of this manuscript in the
Lansdowne collection, No/866, which formerly belonged
to Mr. Le Neve, at whose auction it was bought by
Nicholas Harding, Esq. There are also four other copies
among Dr. Rawlinson's MSS. in the Bodleian. About
one half of it has been printed in the following work :
TJie Magazine of Honour ; or a Treatise of the Severatl
Degrees of the Nobility of this Kingdome, uith their Rights
and Priviledges, Sfc. Collected by 'Master Bird. London,
1642, 8vo. Watt, Lowndes, and others attribute this
work to William Bird, but the Lansdowne MS. states it
to be " By the famous antiquarie Thomas Bird, Esquire."
In 1657 it was reprinted with the name of Sir John Dod-
dridge, and entitled Honovrs Pedigree. He was probably
a member of the Bird family of Littlebury in Essex.]
JACOB BOSANQTJET. Will any one inform me
if there is any London directory extant giving
the house of residence in London of Jacob Bosan-
quet, Turkey merchant, and the dates of birth or
christening of his children,^ 1748 to 1766 ? The
house of business was probably in South wark.
L. C. M.
BRASS KNOCKERS. Can any one tell me the
origin of the term " brass knockers " for r-echavffe
dishes? It has been in use for some time.
EDWARD ROWDON.
St. Stephen's Club.
BARON BTJNSEN. Sir William Hamilton, Bart.,
was created by the University of Leyden, in or
about the year 1840, a Doctor of Divinity
" And the professor ever after jocularly maintained that
he was perhaps the only layman in Europe that could
pretend to the title of" Reverend." Memoir, by Job.
Veitch, p. 264.
Was not his contemporary the late C. C. J.
Bunsen, who was also a layman, a Doctor of
Divinity ? K. P. D. E.
DR. FOWKE. I some time since inquired where
an account could be found of the murder, in Cork,
of a Dr. Fowke (? 1689), the grandfather of
Joseph Fowke of the East India Company's ser-
vice. W. B. (4 th S. iv. 574) obligingly stated
that a brief account of Dr. Fowke would be found
in Original Letters, edited by Rebecca Warner of
Beech Cottage, near Bath, 1817. I have but
recently had access to this work, and find in it
some account of Joseph Fowke and of Dr. John-
son's correspondence with him, and with his son
Francis, but no mention of Dr. Fowke. Will you,
therefore, permit ine to renew my query ? and to
state that any particulars relating to Joseph
Fowke's parentage, or to the family of Fowke in
any of its branches, will at all times be thankfully
received, if addressed to
F. R. FOWKE,
Science and Art Department,
* South Kensington.
GALILEO. In Mrs. Gordon's interesting Life of
Sir David Brewster (p. 281) 1 find the inscription
on the house of Galileo at Arcetri given thus :
'' Qui ove abitb Galileo
Novi solegno pregarsti, allcr
Potenza del genio la maesta
di Ferdinando II. dei Medici."
What is the true reading of the second line ?
As it stands above, there is not an Italian word
in it; nor can I guess what is intended, except
that the last word doubtless should be " alia."
W. P. P.
GIBSON FAMILY. Requested, information con-
cerning the family, pedigree, armorial bearings,
&c., of Ann Gastine, who was the first wife of
Edmund Gibson, rector of Bishop's Stortford,
Herts, who died in 1798. He was the grandson
56
NOTES AND QUERIES.
. JAN. 20, 72.
of Edmund Gibson, Bishop of London about 1730
She was an heiress, and came of a family which
was formerly a foreign one. Also concerning the
family of the wife of the above-mentioned Ed
mund Gibson, Lord Bishop of London a Mis.
Jones, a coheiress. Also the name of the mothe:
of the said Bishop Gibson, and any particulars o
the family of Gibson prior to the year 1700.*
J. C. D.
AN ENGLISH IDIOM. Has any one explainer
how the verb li to help," in addition to its ori-
ginal meaning of to assist, has the contradictory
meaning of to preccnt, as "I could not help letting
tlju plate fall"? TYR
Philadelphia.
FESCH FAMILY. Wanted, the arms of the family
of Fesch, or of Cardinal Fcsch, or of his brothel
Colonel Fesch. ALPHA.
FEMALES WITH WIGS. When travelling in
Austrian Poland I noticed that the generality of
the young women had all their hair shaven close,
and wore wigs. I was given to understand that
they did this to escape some disease of the hair
which is common in that country. Can any of
your readers tell me if such is the case, and what
is the name and speciality of the disease ?
ALBERT BANKES.
1, Hare Court, Inner Temple.
KNARR: WRYDE. Can any one give me the
meaning and derivation of Knarr and Wryde't
They are applied to districts or water-courses in
the Isle of Ely. Wryde is a small station be-
tween Wisbech and Peterborough. GYRVI.
" THE LADIES' LIBRARY." There was printed
at London "for Jacob Tonson, at Shakespear's
Head over against Catherine Street in the Strand,
1714," a work in three volumes, small 8vo, called
The Ladies' Library, " written by a Lady, and
published by Mr. Steele." Is it known who the
lady was ?
Prefixed to each volume is a beautifurfrontis-
piece. The first has a lady perusing a large folio
volume ; she is seated on a chair, leaning her head
on one hand, whilst the other is holding the
lower part of the huge tome she is devouring ;
cards, books, and two Cupids playing on the
ground. The first dedication is to the Countess
of Burlington. May this not be a portrait of her
ladyship ?
The second volume is dedicated to Mrs. Bovey,
the perverse widow of Sir Koger de Coverley,
and the frontispiece is supposed to be her portrait.
She is sitting at a table, a skull beside her ; at
an open door behind, three of her suitors stand
watching her.
[* Some notices of Bishop Gibson's family will be
found in "N. & Q." 2"* S. vi. 28; ix. 163, 418 ; 4* S.
i. 49; vii. 76. ED.!
The third volume, dedicated to his wife, upon
whose virtues Steele dwells with delight. The
frontispiece represents a lady en deshabille sitting
in her bed-chamber with her children, one of
whom she is in the act of caressing. Behind is a
servant holding a baby. Can this be intended
for a representation of Steele's lady and her
family ?
The copy before me is in old red morocco, thick
paper, with the'autograph of Eliza Steele, and looks
very much as if it had been either a presentation
one or the writer's own copy.
As the book itself is one of considerable merit,
it would be desirable to ascertain who the author
really was. Can the " lady " be as unreal a per-
sonage as the fabulous Lady Macbeth of Shake-
speare? From the excellence of the language,
the valuable and instructive advice given, and
the judicious observations it contains, Steele
might easily be taken for author, instead of
publisher. If written by a lady, may his wife
not have been the authoress, and her husband
the reviser of the text? Or may not the Eliza
Steele, whose name is written in a bold but neat
female hand on the fiy-leaf of each volume of the
thick paper and beautifully bound copy previously
referred to, have been the " veiled lady " whose
literary labours Steele thought so highly of as to
be induced, as editor, to give them to the world ?
Who Eliza Steele was the writer has been un-
able to ascertain, but the existence of such an
individual is established by the autographs re-
ferred to. J. M.
NAPOLEON AT ELBA. Lord Brougham, in his
Autobiography (vol. ii. chap. xi. pp. Ill, 112),
says :
' The allied sovereigns would have better secured their
captive if they had sent him anywhere rather than to Elba,
for that island combined qualities unusually favourable to
intrigue or evasion. Close to Italy, at that time hating
Lhe tyranny of her old masters; easy of communication
with France through Italy and Switzerland ; too far from
the coast of France to be easily watched, but too near to
make a landing there improbable or even difficult ; and
accordingly, in less than twelve months namely, on the
1st of March, 1815 Napoleon did land at Cannes in Pro-
vence, not far from where I am now writing ; so that if
;he world had been searched to lind the residence the
most dangerous to France, the most far-seeing men would
iave fixed upon Elba."
Should we not conclude that this expression,
' the most far-seeing men," was a slip of the pen
for "the least far-seeing men"? His lordship
evidently meant that the position of Elba was so
obviously dangerous to France, that persons en-
dowed with the least foresight would have per-
ceived it. BAR-POINT.
Philadelphia.
NELSON'S PUNCTUALITY. I have heard it said
hat Lord Nelson made a practice of being a
4*S. IX. JAN. 20, '72. ]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
quarter of an hour in advance of any appointment,
and that to this he ascribed many of his victories.
Has it any foundation in reality ? M. 1).
POEMS. I shall be obliged to any one who can .
tell me where to find either of these three poems :
1. A clever semi -translation of "Beatus ille
qui procul negotiis," of which I only remember
the iirst verse :
" Happy the man from busy hum,
Ut prisca gens mortalium,
Who whistles his oxen o'er the lea,
Solutus oinni foenerc."
2. A version of "If I had a donkey what
wouldn't go," adapted to the drawing-room. I
think it was by Thackeray, and it began :
" Had I an ass averse to speed."
3. A punning Latin poem on " nihil," of which
I recollect one line
" Durius est saxo nihil ; est preciosius auro."
H. N. ELLACOMBE.
Bitton Vicarage, Gloucestershire.
QUOTATIONS WANTED. Reference wanted to
" She was all my fond wishes could ask,
She was all the kind gods could impart,
She was nature's most beautiful task,
The despair and the envy of art."
JB. NICHOLSON.
"My thoughts are racked in striving not to think."
RinrAiiD RABSON, 13. A.
"The gay to-morrow of the mind
That never comes.''
J. R. T.
Xew York.
SIR WALTER SCOTT.
" Yonder is the heart of Scotland [Edinburgh] ; and
each ill rob which she gives is felt from the edge of Sol-
way to Duncan's Bay Head."
So says Scott in the The Abbot. Can any of
the readers of " N. & Q." inform me whether this
is the original of this much hackneyed expres-
sion, or whether there is an earlier instance of it ?
H. W.
Worcester.
SCOTTISH IKON MONEY. In the Registrum
Monasterii de Pasxekt (printed for the Maitlaud
Club, 1833) is u charter granted by Walterus
Hose de Cragyn to this monastery of the kirk of
Cragyn, and a carucate of land besides part of
the lands of Cragyn in Kyle, Ayrshire, now called
Craigie. The charter is undated ; but, consider-
ing the attesting witnesses, must have been granted
prior (some years possibly) to 1177. At this time
the granter's brother, John Hose, was" parson of
Cragyn kirk, and enjoyed a life interest in it and
the carucate; and regarding him, who must
have been a party-consenter to the grant, is this
clause :
" In recognitione vero hujus elemosine, predictus Joan-
nes dabit annuatirn prefatis monachis trcs numinatax
fcrri : Hiis testibus," etc.
Will, then, any of your numismatic or other cor-
respondents kindly say* in what sense " tres
nummatas fern " ought here to .be regarded ?
Whether as three pennies of iron, or as iron of
the value of three pennies. Or, supposing neither
to be the proper interpretation, what that is?
We would likewise inquire, whether there is
evidence other than inferential of an iron cur-
rency having prevailed in Scotland during the
twelfth or any preceding century ? Also how, or
on what ground iron, and not some coin or other
commodity, should have been made the medium
of this payment in recognition ? ESPEDARE.
THE SIZE or A BOOK. As to describing a book,
your correspondent OLPIIAR HAMST being so able
a bibliographer, I hope he will give your readers
more information, and therefore ask him, or any
other reader, to explain Jiow the size of a book is
to be known so as to describe it that the reader
shall know the size by the description ? Some
folios are the same size as some quartos. How
can you describe an 8vo from a 16mo of a sheet
twice the size, or any size. How is a 12mo to
be known and described, and how is it folded ?
Then again it would be very instructive to the
unenlightened to be informed what is the meaning
of the word so often used "edition"? The
critical meaning is not wanted, but what is to be
understood as conveyed to the unlearned or the
public by the use of the word as applied to one
book or many. So that the object your corres-
pondent has in view may be obtained by the de-
scription having a definite meaning, and words be
always used by bibliographers in one sense.
X. Y. Z.
CLAWS or SHELL-FISH. Is it true or untrue
that the claws of shell-fish grow again after being
broken off? I have always understood that tht\y
do grow again, but to my surprise I read in Cas-
sell'e Technical Educator, ii. 302, the following
passage in a biographical sketch of De Reaumur :
" Reaumur was the Iirst who dissipated the old popular
error, that when crawfish, crabs, or lobsters lost a claw
nature produced another in its stead?'
I still do not feel convinced, and should be glad
to hear something on this matter from any of
your readers who are well acquainted with natural
history. JONATHAN BOUCHIER.
SUSSEX QUERIES : THE DEVIL'S NUTTING DAY.
When a boy, and living in East Sussex, I remem-
ber that on' a particular day iu the autumn no one
would go out nutting, or indeed, if possible, pass
along the lanes of the village, fearing to meet his
Satanic majesty. I have frequently, in different
parts of Sussex in late years, mentioned this;
but the devil's nutting day now seems to be en-
tirely forgotten. Last week, however, a Sussex
rector told me he remembered that a school-
master always went nutting on September 21, St.
58
NOTES AND QUERIES.
S. IX. JAN. 20, 72.
Matthew's Day; and lie had some idea it migh
be connected with the query I ask If any o
your readers know of this old superstition ?
H. W. D.
" SWORE BY NO BUGS." Was this a common
expression temp. Elizabeth ? I find it in Gosson's
Sckoole of Abuse (1579), where, speaking of Cali-
gula and his horse, he says, "and swore by no
bugs, that hee would make him a consul."
C. B. T.
TUMULI. In a large field facing Mary Place,
Stockbridge, Edinburgh, there are two tumuli,
the more westerly of which is conspicuous. What
<!<) these commemorate? They are not natural
Novations, and one of them is so large as to at-
tract the notice of a*y one walking along the
i- *ad to Craigleith. S.
DUKE OF WELLINGTON. Can any of your
readers kindly direct me to any old paper or
periodical which contains the Duke of Welling-
ton's correspondence with Sir John Burgoyne on
tne defence of England in 1847 ? E. A. II.
[The Duke's Letter to Sir John Burgoyne was published
in the Morning Chronicle of January 4/1848.]
RICHARD HARRISON BLACK, LL.D. (AND
JAMES BLACK.)
(4 th S. viii. 397, 468.)
In 1825-6 I was a member of the committee
of the London Mechanics' Institute. We had
recently taken possession of the premises in
Southampton Buildings; and among the classes
opened to the members there were a French class
at the head of which was James Black and, I
think, a Latin class, which was taught by Dr.
I'.lack, the brother of James. Of the French class
I speak positively : as, although a pretty good
French scholar already, I joined it pour encourager
/<> (intre$, and I have now before me a copy of
the book which I. used in the class :
" The Paidophilean System of Education, applied to
the French Language, by J. Black." 2 vols. Longman,
1824.
At the end of the second volume are four pages
of advertisement headed
" The following Works, connected with Education, have
noo.il lately published by R. Harrison Black, LL.D. :
" ' The Student's Manual, being an Etymological and
Explanatory Vocabulary of Words derived from the
Greek.'
'"A Sequel to the Student's Manual, being an Ety-
mological and Explanatory Vocabulary of Words de-
rived from the Latin.'
" ' The Parent's Latin Grammar. To
T. B. ("iilchri^t, LL.D.'
In confirmation of OLPHAR HAMST'S opinion
that the last on the list was Dr. Black's first work,
I may mention that his brother says, in the pre-
face to the Paidophilean System, when speaking of
what he calls " the system of teaching practised
by Mr. Hamilton, at present so much vaunted in
the newspapers '' :
"The Pharmaceutical Guide and the Parent's Latin
Grammar were published long before Mr. Hamilton's
arrival in this country."
From 1824 to 1827 inclusive I saw a good deal
of the Blacks. I was then a banker's clerk, and
in 1825 it occurred to me that an institution
somewhat similar to the " Mechanics " was much
wanted for the class to which I belonged. Ac-
cordingly I applied to Mr. Grote, and my idea
being warmly approved by him, I communicated
with the Blacks and Dr. Gilchrist (a vice-pre-
sident of the Mechanics' Institute) on the subject.
The former then resided or had chambers in
Dorset Street, Salisbury Square, where were held
the early meetings of the promoters of the " City
of London Library and Scientific Institution,"
which was established on June 3, 1825, and of
which I was the recognised founder, my subscrip-
tion-card being always numbered "1." Of this
nstitution the two ^Blacks were elected vice-
presidents on February 27, 1826 ; and I find, from
a prospectus dated July 15, 1826, that among the
courses of lectures which " have been delivered to
;he members " was one u On Language, by Mr.
Tames Black ; " as also, that " an extended course
f instruction in the French language has been
>iven " by him. That Dr. Black taught Latin at
he Mechanics' Institute,
mt, although I possess
r Mtin Grammar, I do not think he taught it at
he City of London Institution, or that he took
< ny very active part in the affairs there. I find,
indeed, that at the election of officers which took
place on March 5, 1827, both the Blacks ceased
to be vice-presidents of the institution; and so
also ceased all knowledge on my part of Dr. Black
and his brother James, except that, many years
afterwards, I found, for a considerable period, a
James Black, Esq., of Brighton, among the sub-
scribers to ray Courrier de V Europe.
JOSEPH THOMAS.
G, The Green, Stratford, E.
I have said, I believe ;
a copy of his Parent's
STERNHOLD AND HOPKINS.
(4 th S. viii. .373, 466.)
I think there is now no doubt but that William
Kethe, who is known to have composed versions
of a number of the Psalms, was the author. I
have, with the assistance of a friend, collated the
' '4. 0( l' ani " a t() tlie Parent's Latin Grammar,' and ! following editions of Steruhold and Hopkins, and
1 he Pharmaceutical Guide.- Second Edition" ann
annex particulars of the initials prefixed to the
4h g. ix. JAN. 20, 72.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
59
"Old Hundredth" in the different editions:
1565, W. Ke.; 1583, no initials; 1595, W. Ke. j
1611, J. H. ; 1615, no initials; 1623, 1624, 1629,
1630, all J. H.; 1625, 1626, 1633, no initials:
1633, Scotch edition, W. K. ; 1638, 1639, 1646 ;
1649, 1661, J. H.
The whole subject, however, is gone into very
elaborately by the Rev. Neil Livingston in his
" Scottish Metrical Psalter of A.D. 1635. Reprinted
in full from the original Work. The additional matter
and various Headings found in the edition of 1565, &c.,
being appended, and the whole illustrated by Disserta-
tions, Notes, and Facsimiles." Glasgow, 1864.
Mr. Livingston gives very satisfactory reasons
for his opinion that Kethe was the author, and
says that one edition of 1561, and the complete
Scottish one of 1564, ascribe it to Kethe. Kethe
was one of the exiles at Geneva in 1556; and in
my copy of a very rare book by Goodman, How
Superior Powers ought to be obeyed, published in
1558, there occurs a poetical address to the reader
by Kethe, and consisting of nineteen stanzas of
four lines each. The popular impression has been
that John Hopkins was the author of this version ;
and this, no doubt, has arisen from the fact that
to the later editions his initials u J. H." have been
appended no amount of authority, however,
attaches to this fact. The earliest editions assign
it to Kethe, and we know that afterwards the
initials were attached by the printers, and often
erroneously, for there are variations in nearly all
the editions. I may observe that, in the Censura
Literaria, Kethe is distinctly stated to be the
author.
As regards the proper tune to which this psalm
was composed, I must refer your correspondent to
Mr. Livingston's folio volume. The tune there
given is written on a staff of five lines, and the
notes are square-shaped and open. G. W. N.
Alderley Edge.
In reply to MR. COLLETT'S question, whether
any of your readers can verify the statement that
in many of the older copies of this version of the
Psalms, the initials of J. Hopkins are not to be
found attached to the " Old Hundredth,'' I may
state that, in an edition of the
" Book of Common Order ; or Knox's Liturgy, printed
in the year 1587 ; containing the 150 Psalms of David
in Meter for the use of the Kirk of Scotland,"
and which is now lying before me, the initials
placed at the commencement of the " Old Hun-
dredth Psalm " are " W. Ke.," viz. William Kethe.
Mr. David Laing, one of the best authorities on
the subject, gives the authorship, or rather trans-
lator of this psalm, to Kethe and not to Hopkins.
The edition of the Psalms mentioned above is
printed at London by Thomas Vantrollier, dwell-
ing in the Black Friars, 1587. J. A. B.
HOMER AND HIS TRANSLATORS.
(4 th S. viii. 102, 173, 536.)
You have now had several learned notes con-
tributed on this subject. The first one, that of
BIBLIOTHECAR. CHETHAM., was extremely in-
teresting, but it left the point as to which way
the bottle was passed among the ancients quite
uncertain. The learned friend of B. CHATHAM.
in his postscript says, "using the right hand it
is easier to pass any object to the left than in the
contrary direction," and considers that Homer
meant to describe Vulcan as holding the great cup
in his right hand moving leftward, so waiting
on the company. This I imagine to be altogether
a misconception. First of all I take it as a thing
almost certain that in the best arranged triclinia
the right-hand couch or wing faced the east, and
that where the arrangement of the house ren-
dered this inconvenient, it was still in theory or
fiction supposed to look eastward. " The right,"
"the good-omened," and "the east" are almost
synonymous.
Zeus Se ff(pi KpoviSrjs ez>5eicc arj/xara tyaivcav,
II. ix. 236.
"Gave prosperous signs from the right hand,"
i. e. ab oriente, says Dammius.
Again, //. ii. 353 :
' ACTT paTTTiav 7ri5e'|i', evalffL/j-a a"f)/j.a.Ta (jtaivwv,
which Cowper translates " by his right hand
thunders," or his lightning in the east. Ab ori-
ente.
At the word e'7n5eios Dammius says
"In qua dextra triclinii magni parte stabat et 6
ex quo vinum nlinistrabatur : quod boni ominis
erat, ingredientibus els avSpcova eV 8en Kelirflcu rbv
Kparripa,."
Hence the position of the mixing-bowl was on
the right of the triclinium. Liddell and Scott
(v. Kpariip) say it stood upon a tripod in the great
hall on the left of the entrance, and refer to Od.
xxii. 341 :
u <p6p/uii'yya y\a<pvpr)V
KprjTTJpos t5e 6p6vov apyvpo-f]\ov.
" He placed on the ground the hollowed cithern
Midway between the bowl and silver- nailed throne."
The ground is now cleared for explaining the
whole difficulty. Take first Iliad, i. 597. Vulcan
pours out <?/5e|m from his own left toward his
*ight hand, beginning with the guest seated most
to the east, and who was consequently placed
nearest to the Kpar^p, which stood on that guest's
right hand ; and so he, Vulcan, went round the
;able or dais, southward, as the sun travels, until
le reached the deity seated westernmost, and if
nstead of speaking of Vulcan you speak of the
direction in which the wine came to each of the
gods seated as Vulcan moved from left to right,
60
NOTES AND QUERIES.
IX. JAN. 20, '72.
so the cup must visit them from right to left.
Again, Od. xxi. 141
" Companions arise, everyone in turn
From left to right, as the wine pourer pours out wine."
If Antinous had said merely eVtSf'lta, the suitor
seated on the west or left-hand side would have
moved first ; but he immediately adds, " as the
cup-bearer moves." On the above passage in the
Iliad the scholiast says eV5e<a avrl TOV, curb T&V
8ti>v fj.ep>v apla^ecos. On the passage from the
he Says fla-iovTwv fls rbv avbp&va. eV 5e|ia
rbv Kparrjpa. From these two passages I
infer that the scholiast, like most commentators,
did a great deal more to confuse the text than to
clear up any real difficulties.
When Toland says that the aboriginal Italians
worshipped turning to the right hand, i. c. from
west to east, he exactly reverses the truth. The
east was called the right hand, and the Roman
augur began his rites facing the east, and conse-
quently, following the sun, he moved from left to
right like the cup-bearer, as a servant serving his
gods, and the left hancf of the augur " was amongst
the Romans reputed the right in augury," that is
to say, it was turned to the east, or to the right.
I doubt if the Gauls or any other people ever
turned to the left, contrary to the Roman custom,
though Pliny affirms it. One thing is certain for
all wine-drinkers, that the true course of the
bottle runs with the course of the great god
Apollo, the grape-maker, from right to left,
southing, or westering, as we sit at modern tables
passing the wine for ourselves, or with our clumsy
lacqueys pouring it over our shoulders. But
eVtSelm, from left to right, if our attendants stood
in the centre of the tables, us in the old triclinia,
serving us, or as the Roman augur waited on 1ho
gods, from left to right. C. A. AV.
May fair.
That there is an entire difference of opinion
among scholars as to the way in which the words
fv$ei-ia, e-jnSt^ia, are to be translated, may be shown
by a comparison between the article in Smith's
Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, . v.
"Symposium," and Liddell & Scott's Lexicon,
s. v. e'7n5e|(os. The former authority states that
" the cups were always carried round from right
to left (eVl 5et<), and the same order was observed
in the conversation, and in everything that took
place." The latter gives eVi5eia as = " right about,
from left to right, towards the right." And this
would seem necessarily to be the primitive sig-
nification. But the words " towards the right "
are in themselves ambiguous, and may be inter-
preted in accordance with the apparent motion of
the sun or not, the meaning being decided by the
point in the circle of drinkers whence the cup
starts. It is needless to remark on the vagueness
of our common expression u from right to left," as
applied to any circular motion. In ordinary speech
the words " during the upper half of the revolu-
tion " must always be considered as understood.
Everyone must have felt the need of some more
exact expression when instructing a little child in
which direction to turn a key or a handle.
If you say to a grown-up person, " Turn the key
to the left," it is always understood at once that
the upper part (the nobler part) of the key is to
be turned in that direction ; but the child, to
whom custom has not yet explained this purely
arbitrary elliptical form, is invariably perplexed
in its first essays.
So in heraldry the bend sinister springs from
the sinister side of the nobler portion of the
shield, though there is nothing inherent in its
description to prevent its coming down towards
the sinister base.
Similar illustrations are to be found in me-
chanics. A right-handed thread is one which is
drawn 'on a rod placed horizontally from the left
downwards towards the right ; and such a thread
will cause the screw to enter its work when turned
" the way of the sun." That both ways of cir-
culating the cup were in vogue appears evident
from a passage in Athenians (1. xi. c. 10). I quote
from Yonge's version :
" And we may add to all this, that different cities have
peculiar fashions of drinking and pledging one another ;
as Critias mentions, in his Constitution of the L<ict:d:-
monians, where he says, ' The Chian and the Thasian
drink out of large cups, passing them on towards the
right hand ; and (he Athenian also passes the wine to-
wards the right, but drinks out of small cups. But the
Thessalian uses large cups, pledging whoever he pleases
without reference to where he may be ; but among the
Lacedaemonians, every one drinks out of his own cup,
and a .slave acting as cup-bearer fills up again the cup
when each has drained it."
And Anaxandrides also mentions the fashion of
passing the cup round towards the right hand in
his Countrymen, speaking as follows :
" A. In what way are 3 r ou now prepared to drink ?
Tell me 1 pray.
B. In what way are we now
Prepared to drink ? Why any way you please.
A. Shall we then now, my father* tell the guests
To push the wine to the r'ujht ?
B. VVhat, to the right ?
That would be just as though this were a funeral."
J. ELIOT HODGKIN.
^Yest Derby, Liverpool.
COKESEY : THROCKMORTON, ETC.
(4 th S. viii. 73, passim, 538.)
I merely wish to correct an error in my last note.
I should have said " L6rd Thomas Berkeley of
Coberley." I may, however, take the opportunity
of farther explaining that this baron's wife Joan
4tn s. IX. JAN. 20, '72.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
61
succeeded as sole heiress to her father, Geoffrey
lo Archer, of Stoke Archer, Cleeve, Gloucester-
shire.
Lettice, -wife of Robert le Archer, had some
generations befc.ro paid four marks for having her
dowry near Cleeve. This Lettice I take to be
" Selida filia et heer. Roger! de Hulehall," and
wife of " Robertus Archer (or le Archer) de Tan-
worth, in com. Warr." I believe that the descent
from Robert to Geoffrey le Archer is pretty clear.
And I understand that the dowry of Lettice is
now called Stoke Orchard, a corruption of Stoke
Archer.
-If my memory does not deceive me, Banks
mentions the Berkeley-Archer alliance.
Although Joan was the father's heiress, I have
little doubt that there were many veritable cousins
on the father's side scattered about the county,
and in humble life. The fashion of pretending
that the greatest line of a family is the last, is being
exploded ; and moreover is very stupid, as the
perpetuation of a family in various spheres of life
is honoured by the doctrine of " selection," and is
a good sign of its original healthiness. And this
reminds me that, apart from the legal proofs of
descent, what has been said of the Cokeseys'
vitality is probably true, although not capable of
proof. Sr.
The readers of "N. & Q." must by this time be
getting heartily tired of the discussion between SP.
and myself; and as I feel sure that no new facts
will be elicited by continuing the controversy, I
think SP. and I had better " agree to differ."
I propose, in this my last communication on the
subject, to notice as briefly as possible his two
last letters at pp. 445 and 538.
In the first-named letter he regrets that I should
"so often" misunderstand him. He never (he
says) expressed a high opinion of Berry's Encyclo-
pedia, nor did he attribute to Cooksey the coat of
Greville.
I never said he did ; and if he will refer to my
note at p. 333, he will perceive (I should think)
that the latter portion of it was in reply to another
correspondent, as BOREAS (p. 538) has already
pointed out. So have I disposed of one "mis-
understanding." What are the others ?
I certainly understood him to say very plainly,
very clearly, and very distinctly, at p. 246, that
he had seen many pedigrees of Throckmorton,
and in none of them was any match with Olney
named;* and in equally plain language he con-
veyed his belief that such a person as William
Bosom never existed.
* The only pedigree I have seen in which the match
with Olney is not named is that in Dugdale's Warwick-
shire.
Now, he says he was " not ignorant of Bosom " !
And I suppose he also knew that there was a
place called Olney in Buckinghamshire as well as
in Warwickshire.
I gave SP. credit for having some authority for
his statement at p. 333, that " both charges belong-
to the Throckmorton family "; but I can only in-
fer from his remarks at p. 538 that such state-
ment rests upon no solid foundation.
I have adduced some evidence in support of
language), " misled by partial resemblances and
coincidences," he insists that, because Archer
bore three arrows, and Throckmorton quartered
three arrows, therefore Throckmorton quartered
Archer.
Why, I might just as well say that Throck-
morton quartered Hales (for the Warwickshire
family of that name also bore three arrows), and
call upon SP. to prove a negative !
" I imputed to Dugdale (says SP.) a doubt as
to such a right" (. e. to quarter Archer). So he
did ; but what possible grounds had he for such an
"imputation"? Where, I ask, does Dugdale any-
where even hint such a doubt ? I am sorry that
I cannot tell SP. to what family the coat of " a
chevron between three arrows " belongs ; but if
he will refer to Nash's Worcestershire (i. 452) he
will find that such a coat is impaled by Olney at
Fladbury; only Nash (I hope SP. will forgive
him) is so obtuse as to call it " a chevron be-
tween three 6o/fe."
As the coat was impaled by Olney, I would
suggest a reference to the Olney pedigree in Lips-
comb's Bucks. This would probably enable SP.
to answer his own query.
Permit me to say, in conclusion, that if SP.
would favour the readers of "N. & Q." with a
correct blazon of the usual atchievement of Throck-
morton (as at Coughton and elsewhere), and name
and account for every quartering, he would be
doing good service, for it presents some difficul-
ties; but I am sure I should be occupying the
valuable space of N. & Q." to no good or useful
purpose, were I to prolong this discussion by fur-
nishing him (as he asks me) with "more infor-
mation tending to show that Throckmorton did
not quarter Archer." II. S. G.
P.S. I should perhaps mention, with reference
to SP.'S charge against me of misunderstanding
him, that my note at p. 333 was really two
separate and distinct articles : the latter portion,
which has reference solely to the Cooksey ques-
tion, having been (to the best of my recollection)
written and forwarded to " N. & Q." on a different
day.
62
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[4th s. IX. JAN. 20, 72.
SNATCHES OF OLD TUNES.
(4 th S. viii. 350, 457.)
The Irish laudation of Castle Hyde referred to
by E. L. S. is, I believe, unpublished. It formed
the model for Milliken's famous "Groves of
Blarney/ 1 a few lines of which E. L. S. quotes.
The original was writtten by a weaver named
Barrett about 1790, and has been repeated as
follows (from memory) a few months since by a
peasant girl who lives on the green banks of the
Blackwater, where Castle Hyde stands :
" As I roved out one summer morning
Down the banks of Blackwater's side,
To view the groves and meadows charming,
And the pleasant gardens of Castle Hyde.
" 'Tis there you'd hear the thrushes warbling,
The dove and partridge I now descried,
The lambkins sporting every morning
All to adorn sweet Castle Hyde.
" It's here you'd see the roses blooming}
With sweet carnations all in their pride
'Tis their vocation with grace and beauty
To deck the gardens of Castle Hyde.
" The great improvements they would amaze 3-011 :
The trees are drooping with fruit of all kind,
The bees perfuming the fields with music
That yield more beauty to Castle Hyde.
" There are fine walks in those pleasant gardens,
And seats most charming in shad} 7 bowers,
And a gladiator both bold and daring
Stands night and morning to watch the flowers.
"The richest groves throughout the kingdom,
And fine plantations you would see there ;
There is no valley throughout the nation
With it for beauty can compare.
" There's a church for service in this fine station,
Where nobles often in coaches ride
To view the groves and meadows charming
That front the gardens of Castle Hyde.
"The buck and doe, the fox and eagle,
There skip and play by the river's side ;
The trout and salmon play at backgammon
In the clear streams of Castle Hyde,
"There are fine horses and stall-fed oxes,
A den for foxes to play and hide ;
Fine mares for breeding, with foreign sheep in
Snowy fleeces on every side.
" The wholesome air of this habitation
Would recreate your heart with pride ;
There is no valley throughout the nation
For beauty equal to Castle Hyde.
'If noble princes from foreign places
Should chance to sail to the Irish shore,
'Tis in this valley they would be feasted,
As heroes often were before.
" There's a lofty mill in this fine arbour,
Built by our noble Colonel Hyde,
Where servants and special tradesmen
By their kind master are employed.
" He buys good corn from every farmer,
The Dublin markets he has supplied.
Oh ! long may he live ! brave, noble Arthur,
The chief commander of Castle Hyde.
" I've roved from Blarney to Castle Barnard,
From Thomastown to sweet Doneraile ;
From Kilshannock, that joins Rathcormack,
Besides Killarney and Abbeyfale ;
" The rapid Boyne and the flowing Nore,
The river Shannon and the pleasant Bride ;
But in all my ranging and serenading,
I saw none equal to Castle Hyde.
" God bless the Colonel, likewise the Major,
For they are an ancient grand family ;
They are kind and civil to all their neighbours,
And they beta- the sway of the country.
" Long life and peace to these noble heroes,
And may they daily in coaches ride ;
For there's not a statesman throughout the nation
Can be compared with brave Arthur Hyde."
HENRY BARRY HYDE, JUNE.
1, Belsize Park Gardens.
PUBLIC TEACHERS (4 th S. viii. 413, 556 ; ix. 42.)
In my remarks on the first correction of Boswell
I ought to have mentioned that the date [of 1758]
is evidently a slip of Croker's pen, as is proved by
a subsequent note on the very page where MR.
CHORNBURY found the letter to Lucy Porter. In
his note Croker distinctly states that Lady Bay,
.759, was the date on which Johnson " broke up
lis establishment in Gough Square, where he had
resided for ten years, and retired to chambers in
Staple Inn " (BoswelVs Johnson, ed. 1860, p. 118,
note 4 and text). CHITTELDROOG.
BLUE SPEEDWELL (4 th S. viii. 549.) A German
relative was with us when I opened " N. & Q."
? or Dec. 30, 1871 ; he says that Mannertreu is
:he proper name for a little blue ilower which
from his description must be Veronica chamcedri/s,
in England known as blue speedwell, or bird's
eye. THUS.
OLD ENIGMATICAL PUZZLE (3 rd S. ix. 78, 182,
267, 334.) The explanations of these conceits,
of which A. A.'s list forms only a small part, are
given in
" The Old Lady and her Xiece, the Fair Incognita, de-
tected and brought to Justice. In which are laid open
the many strange expedients, sly artifices, and various
uncommon and ridiculous disguises they made use to
conceal themselves. To which is prefix'd a serious at-
tempt to vindicate their innocence, and apologize for
their odd humours. London, 1752." 8vo, pp. 31.
As the solutions only, without the original
questions, are here given, I suppose the latter ap-
peared in a previous pamphlet. W. C. B.
POPULATION OP LONDON IN 1666 (4 th S. viii.
549.) This very often debated question, that of
the probable population of London about the
time of the Fire of 1666, has been raised again in
your pages. Those familiar with the subject are
aware that the only approximation of any value
which can be arrived at is that afforded by the
number of deaths in the bills of mortality, with
. 4th s. ix. JAN. 20, 72.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
63
an estimate of the probable percentage of death
to the whole number of living. But I will men
tion to you another piece of evidence, which I
find relied on in a curious book entitled The
Happy Future State of England, 1688 (anony-
mous). The writer says that the total number
returned in " the bishop's survey for the pro-
vince of Canterbury (in 1676) of all persuasions
of religion above the age of sixteen in the whole
diocese of London/' was 286,347. "Doubling this
number for those under the age of sixteen " makes
~> 7:2,694 ; add, for the survey, metropolitan parishes
in the diocese of Winchester, about 80,000 in hir
opinion; deduct for rural parishes and peculiars
The calculation is but a rough one ; but on the
whole it supports the common conjectural result
(530,000 in 1685, according to King, cited by
Macaulay). My chief object in writing to you
is, however, to ascertain, through your corre-
spondents, particulars of " the bishop's survey "
here quoted, and whether it is of value as a sta-
tistical authority. JEAN LE TROUVEUE.
GEN. JOHN DESBOROUGH (4 th S. viii. 527.)
Mr. Cole has given some little account of the
Desboroughs which may be of service to J. D.
(See Add. MS. 5810, fol. 72.) An inscription
from a tomb in Elsworth church is given in this
MS., viz.
"Here lyeth the Body of Samuel Disbrow, Esquire,
late Lord of this Manour, aged 75. He dyed the 30 of
December, in the year of our Lord 1690."
He was Keeper of the Seals, or Chancellor, of
Scotland, during the usurpation, and brother to
Major-General Desborough. He was Lord of the
Cinque Ports, and married Oliver Cromwell's
sister. Anthony Wood calls this John " a yeo-
man and a great lubberly clown." The wife of
Samuel Desborough was named "Hose," ob. March
4, 1698. Dr. Lunne married a descendant of Gen.
Desborough, and lived at Hackney.
W. WINTERS.
Waltham Abbey.
J. D. will find a full and interesting account
of the Disbrowes of Eltisley in Mark Noble's
Cromwell Memoirs, second edit. vol. ii. pp. 274-
99. G. M. T.
REV. JOHN BRYAN, 1661 (4 th S. viii. 526.)
CLERICUS will find an account of him in the
Worthies of Warwickshire, recently published by
the Rev. T. Leigh Colville, in which are many
particulars of his three sons and himself.
T. E. WINNINGTON.
WATER AS A TURNSPIT (4 th S. viii. 528.)
Wollarshill is the seat of Mr. Hanford Flood,
the present high sheriff of Worcestershire. He
married the heiress of the Hanford family, who
since 1536 have resided there. The spit, turned
by a stream of water from Bredon Hill, remained
till recently, and has been superseded by modern
improvements. I have not heard of a similar ap-
plication elsewhere. T. E. WINNINGTON.
I have seen this in one of the hotels at Mat-
lock, Derbyshire. A natural spring of water
falling on a wheel turned the spit. The machinery
was of course kept carefully oiled.
W. J. BERNHARD SMITH.
Temple.
When the Duke of Norfolk's house at "The
Farm " in the suburbs of Sheffield was rebuilt
about forty years ago, I noticed the insertion of a
copper water-wheel about three feet in diameter
inside the chimney breast, with connecting gear for
turning the spit. It was erected by Mr. Shaw
of Worksop, well known as a bell-hanger through-
out and beyond the " dukeries." He was a most
ingenious man, and appeared to me to watch and
direct the interior arrangements of a new building
as if the accommodation of his bells ought to be
the main consideration of the architect. J. H.
" LEAVE ME NOT " (4 th S. viii. 528.) These
lines are in Shelley's Adonais, stanza 25. Your
correspondent slightly misquotes them. They are
as follows :
"Leave me not wild and drear and comfortless,
As silent lightning leaves the starless night."
JON. BOUCHIER.
DR. YOUNG'S STEP-DAUGHTER (4 th S. viii. 484.)
I enclose an exact transcript from that part of a
Lee pedigree relating to Dr. Edward Young,
which may serve to supplement the information
afforded by W. E. The pedigree in question was
formally attested as true by Robert Lee, fourth
Earl of Litchfield, on June 6, 1774, in the pre-
sence of Isaac Heard, Lancaster.
FREDERICK GEORGE LEE, D.C.L.
Elizabeth [Lee],
died about
buried at Welwyn,
January 29, 1731,
[qy. 1741?]
Edward Young, D.D., rector of
Welwyn, in co. Hertford, author
of the Universal Passion and
many other curious works. Mar-
ried May 27, 1731 ; ob. April 5,
1765. Will in last volume of
his works.
Frederick Young, Esq.,
only son, of Welwyn
Hertford. Born June
1732 ; baptized at the
New Church, Strand.
Elizabeth Thornton Keysham,
dau. of Giles Thornton, H. of
Stagenhoe Cottam ; married
October 5, 17G5, at St. Paul's,
Walden, co. Herts.
Eliz
, only child, born Oct. 18, 1767.
" THE BEGGAR'S DAUGHTER OF BEDNALL
GREEN " (4 th S. viii. 516.) Your correspondent
A.LICE THACHER, who writes with reference to a
single stanza quoted in Gilfillan's edition of The
ercy Reliques, from an apparently unknown ver-
ion of this ballad, may be interested by my men-
64
NOTES AND QUERIES.
IX. JAN. 20, '72.
tinning 1 the following circumstance. Many years
ago I possessed, but it has long since been lost, a
iine mezzotint engraving, large folio size, called the
"Blind Beggar of Bednall Green"; but so long a
period has elapsed, that both the name of the
painter and engraver have faded -away from my
recollection. On the margin underneath were in-
scribed those pretty lines which she has quoted,
but no more. Until my attention was drawn by
her to the mention of them as part of a ballad, I
had imagined that they had been composed for, !
and inscribed underneath it, merely as an illustra-
tion of the subject of the engraving.
JOHN PICKFORD, M.A.
llungate Street, Pickering.
POCKET-HANDKERCHIEFS (4 th S. viii. '514.)
The following note might be added to those
quoted. The famous Connaught chieftainess Grana-
Uile, or Grace O'Mally, after defying Queen Eliza-
beth for a while, found it expedient to proceed to
London to make her peace with that sovereign.
In the Anthologia Hilernica for July, 1793, it is
stated that
" The queen, surrounded by her ladies, received her in
great state. Grana was introduced in the dress of her
country : a long mantle covered her head and body ; her
hair was gathered on her crown, and fastened with a
bodkin ; her breast was bare, and she had a yellow bod-
dice and petticoat. The court stared with surprise at so
strange a figure ; when one of the ladies perceived that
Grana wanted a pocket-handkerchief, which was instantly
handed to her. After she had used it, she threw it into
the lire. Another was given her, and she was told by an
interpreter that it was to be put in her pocket. Grana
felt indignant at this intimation ; and, applying it to her
nose, threw it also into the fire, declaring that in her
country they were much cleanlier than to pocket what
came from their nostrils."
Grana was the daughter of Owen O'Mally,
and married, first, O'Flagherty, and secondly Sir
Rickard Bourke, styled Mac William Eighter,
who died in 1585. Mr. Wakeman notes, in his
LOKI//I Erne (Dublin, 1870), that Grana was a
direct ancestress of the present GnvTnor-r}fnfT.il
of India, Lord Mayo. W. II. P.
DKATH'S II HAD. BUTTONS (4 th S. viii. 527.)
Referring to this query, was not the origin of the
use of such buttons the same as that of rings, on
which it was common to have such a "posy/'
from, it was thought, an affectation of piety?
See .T. Webster's Northward Ho! (Act IV. Sc. 1).
WILLIAM PHILLIPS.
1G9, Richmond Road, Hackney.
ROBERT MORDEN (4 th S. viii. 538.) I have
noticed elsewhere that Morden's County Maps are
given " no date." Perhaps it may be worth while
to record in your pages that they belong to Dr.
( ;ih ion's edition of Camden (published 1C95).
WALTHEOF.
WISEMAN OF BARBADOES (4 th S. viii. 549.)
I can scarcely call the following a reply direct :
but the query in question gives me an opportunity
of presenting to TEWARS a few names, from the
much and undeservedly neglected historic local
records of Barbadoes, which may possibly afford
him clues. These names occur in the parish
registers and wills, between 1640 and 1690 :
Hoadley, Bancroft, Atterbury, Cornish, Oates, Danger-
field, Hutchinson, Vane, Bourchier, Fauconbridge, Titus,
Fleetwoocl, Ireton, Wade, [Sheldon, Vaughan, Tomlinson.
Cullum, Baxter, May, Johnson, Gaunt, Bedloe, Coleman,
Pole, Saxby, Syndercombe, Penderell, Pinkerton, Perrot,
Matthews, al.so Mathew, Ayloffe, Prideaux, Taaffe,
Hacker, Brewster, Kirke, Lisle, Ginkell, Sarsiield, Rooke,
Byron, Miohelbourne, Brewster, Vere, Dallas, Quentin,
Quintayne, Rumbold, Venner, Shirley, Blake, Hnlkett,
Straughan, Evelyn, Sydney, Spenser, Claypole, Walton,
Trerece, Levelis* Rhodes, Malet, Breakspeare, Hume,
Cochrane, W r alcot, Holmes, Thornhill, Turville, Ellis-
son, <\
I 'think it will be admitted that many of the
above names are eminently suggestive. Trerece,
Levelis, and Mathew or Matthews, would by their
wills elucidate Cornish genealogy in the seven-
teenth century. Cornish, Oates, Dangerfield, and
"Walcot, might throw side-lights on celebrated
conspiracies. But I need say no more. I have
for many years been making efforts, but fruit-
lessly, to draw attention to these colonial records,
and spent a great deal of time in compiling a
volume connected with the subject; but such
publishers as I have applied to, to bring it out,
have evidently run away with the idea that
nothing but rum, sugar, and molasses could come
from such places, and that the public would be
disgusted with a work on "Planters."
J. II. L. A.
AN OLD SONG (4 th S. viii. 546.) I remember
hearing this song, at least one version of it, in
childhood, and have no doubt of its bein
genuine English ditty of the good old times. In
the song I used to hear and sing, however, the
culprit was not Charley, but Georgy. I regret
that, never having heard or thought of this ;
for so many years, I can now recal only th>
merest fragment. Instead of steeds, my hero stole
dci'r much more likely. I give all I can re-
member :
" O saddle me my milk-white steed,
And bridle him so rarely,
That I may ride with . . . and speed,
To beg for the life of Georgy.
" He never robbed on the king's highway,
Nor has he murdered any ;
But he stole sixteen of the king's fat deer.
And sold them to bold Raleigh.
" I wish I was on yonder hill,
Where of times I've been many ;
With sword and pistol by my side,
I'd tight for the life of Georgy."
The rest has drifted down the dark stream of
Lethe, I fear past dragging for. F. C. H.
4 th S. IX. JAN. 20, '72.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
G5
MONTALT IURONS (4 th S. viii. 27, 93, 172, 230
296, 374, 490.) I cannot think with W. F. (2.
that the fact of the same person being called "D
Monte Alto " and " Mowat " in two charters
separated'only by a period of five years, is agains
my view of the derivation of the latter name. ]
conceive that it rather strengthens it; unless
indeed, we can believe that " De Montealto," o:
"Montealt" (which latter form I cannot find ii
Scottish record) became corrupted into Mowat in
that short space of time. The great Northern-
Scottish name of " Cheyne " generally appears ir
the form of " Le Chen " (Chien) even in Latin
charters ; but in some contemporary ones is Latin-
ised into "Cam's," showing that our charter-
scribes varied their practice at times. I must stil
opine that there is a missing link between the
Latinised name of "De Monte Alto" and the
Scottish Mowat, and that that is probably Mont-
fa aut or Monhaut, allied to the former in signi-
fication, and to the latter in spelling, merely
dropping the letter n.
W. A. S. R. some time ago indicated some of
the names which led me to form the opinion I
have expressed on that of Mowat. Another and
less well-known example is the Scottish name
"Mushat" or " Muschet," which is known to be
a corruption of " Montfichet," which again is
found in the charters Latinised into " De Monte-
fixo." A good many particulars, charters, &c.,
. connected with the northern Mowats, are to be
found in the four quarto volumes published by
the Spalding Club of Aberdeen (now, alas ! no
more) on The Antiquities of the Shires of Aber-
deen and Banff, to which, I may add, an index is
attached. C. E. D.
OKPHANAGE (4 th S. viii. 518; ix. 47) is a very
incorrect expression for an orphan-home. Fancy
a "girlage " for a girl's home. " Orphanry," like
pheasantry, diary, aviary, is the proper word,
though I believe it is in no dictionary. "Orphano-
trophy " is enough to send one off in atrophy a
word fearful and amazing. " Orphanhood " is a
good word, and expresses the state of being an
orphan. That the root of the word is Greek, and
the affix English, is, I think, immaterial, because
the word " orphan " is so thoroughly Anglicised
that we are never thinking of opQavbs when we
use it. ANON.
LETTICE KNOLLYS (4 th S. viii. 480.) The
answer here given is not a correct one. Lettice
Knollys was a cousin of Queen Elizabeth's, and
a celebrated beauty at her court. She was the
daughter of Sir Francis Knollys, and married
three times, first, Walter Devereux Viscount
Hereford, created in 1572 Earl of Essex, by whom
she had two sons, the elder being Robert Earl of
Essex, the favourite of Queen Elizabeth, who was
executed in 1601; secondly, in 1578, Robert
Dudley, Earl of Leicester, a marriage the queen
never forgave; and thirdly, Sir Christopher
Blount, who was executed in 1601 for participa-
tion in the rebellion of her son the Earl of Essex.
Lady Blount (more generally known as Lady
Leicester) died on Christmas Day, 1634, at the
age of ninety -four.
It is a curious coincidence that the Lettice
Knollys mentioned on page 480 should also have
had three husbands. E. W. R.
PROVINCIAL GLOSSARY (4 tu S. passim ; viii. 381,
441.) Surely the reference to " Way land Smith's
Cave," at p. 442, should be to Kenihvorth, not
Ivanhoc. J. S. UDAL.
EARLY RECOLLECTIONS (4 th S. viii. passim.)
In answer to TVs request, I^can say that I too can
remember an incident which took place when t
was two years and two months old, and another
when four years old. F. H.
NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.
Letters from Lord BrotiqJiam to William Forsyth, J''a(j.,
Q.C.,' LL.D., late Fellow of Trinity College, Cain-
bridge. (Not published.)
All who enjoyed the privilege of numbering the lain
Lord Brougham among their friends will be pleased with
this little volume, in which Mr. Forsyth has printed a
selection from the letters received by him from Lord
Brougham during the last ten years of his life, and l>e
especially gratilied by the Introduction, in which the
biographer of Cicero sketches the character of his distin-
guished correspondent. The letters are not very remark-
able in themselves for of course Mr. Forsyth has not
printed the more confidential of them but are very
characteristic of the diversity of attainments, untiring
activity of mind, and kindliness of heart for which Lord
Brougham was distinguished. Some fac-similes are given,
and are not exaggerated specimens of the extraordinary
hand which Lord Brougham ordinarily wrote. We had
some familiarity with his usual " epistolary " handwrit-
'ng, and venture to supply a few words which Mr. Forsyth
las given up as hopUfeMfy illegible. In a letter in which
Lord Brougham has written "My only Cicero here ir,
Eruesti," the words that follow are " and he does not
a word about the Fragments. 1 would fain hear
your thoughts on the subject, and [here two words ille-
gible . . . . .] discussing their authenticity."
e.H.Krs and Papers of John Shillinyford, Mayor of
Exeter, 1447-50. Edited by Stuart A. Moore, Esq.
(Printed for the Camden Society.)
This is the second of the New Series of Publications of
he Camden Society, which the council, acting in our
opinion with great judgment, commenced on the 1st of
Way last. The volume differs in character from any of
ts predecessors, and consists of a number of documents
ind letters which were rescued from imminent destruc-
ion bv the editor when engaged in arranging the very
aluable and voluminous collection of archives of the
Jity of Exeter. They relate to suits between the Cor-
oration and the Dean and Chapter, arising out of a
latter of great consequence in those days, namely, the
espective Jurisdictions of the Mayor and Corporation, and
I' (lie Church a dispute which had grown up through a
66
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[4't-S. IX. JAN. 2n, 72.
long course of rears, and which it is not doing much in-
justice to Shillingford to say he contrived to bring to an
issue. Much curious light is thrown, in the course of
the various articles, allegations, &c., on the municipal
and capitular bodies, their respective condition, privileges,
&c. But the most important part of the book is un-
questionably that in which we have the letters of the
zealous mayor, John Shillingford, written from London to
inform his fellows of the progress of the suit. These letters
are among the earliest specimens of English private cor-
respondence that exist, and may fairly be considered as
amongst the most remarkable. " The peculiarly minute
manner," says the editor, " in which Shillingford de-
scribes all his proceedings, giving the ipsissima verba of
his conversations, and noting all the small incidents of
the interviews at which he was present, are sufficient
alone to recommend them to students." We go further
than Mr. Moore, and say, to recommend them to all
intelligent readers. The book is indeed one well calcu-
lated to induce all, who take an interest in the " good old
times," to join the Camden Society, for whose members
alone it has been printed.
Elementary Treatise on Natural Philosophy by A. Privat-
Deschanel, formerly Professor of Physics in the Lycee
Louis-le- Grand, Inspector of the Academy of Paris.
Translated and edited, with extensive Additions, by
J. D. Everett, M.A., Professor of Natural Philosophy
in the Queen's College, Belfast. In Four Parts. Part
III. Electricity and Magnetism. Illustrated by 241
Engravings on Wood, and one coloured Plate. (Blackie
and Son.)
We have already done justice to the importance of this
Introduction to Natural Philosophy in our notice of the
two preceding parts. We may, therefore, limit ourselves
to pointing out the advantage" which Professor Everett's
translation has over his original, in consequence of his
having so recast it as to introduce into it many of the
results of Faraday's and Sir Wm. Thomson's researches
in electricity and magnetism, which are still but imper-
fectly appreciated by French writers.
DEATH OF AFZELIUS. Intelligence has only just
reached this country of the death in September last, at
the ripe age of eighty-six, of Arvid Augustus Afzelius,
the learned Swedish Archaeologist, known to many Eng-
lish readers by the Collection of Popular Songs, Svenska
Folkvisor, in three volumes with the music, which he
published in conjunction with Geyer ; and by his Collec-
tion of Swedish Historical Legends, Svenska Folkets
Sagohaefder, which he commenced as long since as 1839,
and completed in 1870, the last part relating to Charles
XII. since which period genuine popular legends may
be said to have ceased to exist. '
THE LATE REV. WILLIAM SCOTT. We regret to an-
nounce the death of this eminent and learned London
clergyman. The Rev. William Scott, vicar of St. Olave,
Jewry, died onThursda}' the llth. Mr. Scott was for up-
wards of twenty years from 1839 to 1860 perpetual
curate of Christ Church, Hoxton. He vacated this incum-
bency on being nominated by Lord Chancellor Campbell
to the vicarage of St. Olave, j'ewry. He was distinguished
not only for zealous discharge of his clerical functions,
but for numerous contributions to theological and general
periodical literature. For many years he was the editor
of the Christian Remembrancer, but he was perhaps even
better known in recent years for his connection with one
of our contemporaries. Mr. Scott, who was born in 1811,
and graduated at Queen's College, Oxford, in 1835, was
a moderate High Churchman.
UNDER the title of " Dramatists of the Restoration,"
Mr. Maidment and Mr. Logan propose to issue, for pri-
vate circulation only, in post 8vo, to range with Picker-
ing's editions of Webster, Peele, Marlow, &c., a series of
those Dramatists, for the most part writers of Comedy,
who flourished after the extinction of the Commonwealth.
There will be six volumes issued annually, at intervals
of two months. The several plaj's will noV be presented
in an unmutilated form, and will be carefully collated
with the earliest and the best editions. Biographical
Notices and brief Notes will accompany the works of each
author. The series will commence with the dramatic
works of Sir William Davenant, whose excellence
known chiefly through the medium of a solitary play
preserved in Dodsley's collection is at the present date
unrecognised, the cumbrous size of the volume containing
his writings making it a sealed book to all but poetic
and dramatic antiquaries. These will be followed by
the works of John Crowne, the author of Sir Courtly
Nice, and eventually by those of Killegrew, Shadwell,
Charles Johnson, Wilson, Etherege, Centlivre, Wycher-
ley, Sedley, Lacy, Congreve, Farquhar, and others, several
of which have never before appeared in a collected form.
The publishers are Messrs. Sotheran, Baer & Co.
IT is proposed to place a stained window in Berkeley
parish church in memory of Dr. Edward Jenner, the
discoverer of vaccination, who was born at Berkeley, lived
and died there, and was buried in the chancel of the parish
church.
AMONG the Fellows elected into the Society of Anti-
quaries on Thursday week was Mr. Shirley Brooks. On
the announcement of the ballot an old F.S.A. and friend
of the new Fellow was heard to chuckle to himself Fal-
staff 's exclamation : " Such Brooks are welcome to us."
IN accordance with an invitation, addressed through
Dr. Schaff of New York by the committees appointed for
the revision of the Old and New Testaments, several
Professors of Biblical Literature in America have been
formed into two companies for the purpose of co-operating
with those engaged in this work at Westminster.
IT may interest some of the contributors to theCowper
memorial window in Berkhampstead Church to hear that
the following lines, by the author of the Afterglow, have
been inscribed on a marble tablet and affixed to the wall
in the rectory gardens :
" The shy perennial fountain here the ivy-tods among,
Fit emblem of his modesty and pure undying song,
With daily crystal draught refreshed our Poet's fragile
youth
Amid the precious opening buds of Genius, Grace, and
Truth
'Ere spectral wrath had clouded in despair the noble
mind,
Self-loathing yet so loving, still so boon to all man-
kind.
Oh stranger ! in your heart of hearts let tender rever-
ence dwell,
And love of loves revived to-dav at Gentle Cowper's
well.''
BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES
WANTED TO PURCHASE.
Particulars of Price, &c., of the following books to be sent direct to
the gentlemen by whom they are required, whose names and addresses
are given for that purpose :
SEVERN'S ESSAY ox THE BIRDS OP ARISTOPHANES, translated by
Hamilton.
Wanted by Mr. Mortimer Collins, Knowl Hill, Berkshire.
ARCH^OLOCIA. Vols. I._ XII.
VILLAGE OF MARIEXDORFF: a Xovel by Miss Porter.
Wanted by Edward Peacock, Esq., Bottesford Manor, Brigg:.
4'h S. IX. JAK. 20, 72.]
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
67
MARMJON. A duodecimo edition published about 1840, illustrated with
TaSoo^o? CHRISTMAS published about 1836, illustrated with nu-
merous Engravings by Seymour.
Dido, an Engraving by Sir Robert Straiige.
Wanted by Rev. John Pick-fort!, M.A., Hungatc Street, Pickering,
Yorkshire.
SMYTH'S CELESTIAL CYCLE.
Early Astronomical MSS.
Very Ancient Maps.
Old Maps of Eclipses of the Sun.
Wanted by Rev. J. C. Jackson, 13, Manor Terrace, Amhurst Iload,
Hackney, N.E.
SlIAKKSVERE, DROUSHOUT.
BBWIOK'B SELECT FABLES. 1820.
1st Edition.
BRITISH BIRDS. 1st Edition.
Wanted by Mr. J. W. Jarvis, 15, Charles Square, Hoxton, N.
BIBLE, OR OLD TESTAMENT, in Double Pica Type.
DANIEL'S THESAURUS HYMNOLOGICUS.
VAKIA POEMATA DE CORRUPTO STATU.ETC. Basil, 1557. Or any other
BKHNARD'US DE CONTEMPTU MUNDI. 1499. Or any other Edition.
Wanted by Rev. W. J. Loftie, F.S.A., 6, Upper Berkeley Street, \V.
to
In our Notes on Books last week, Mr. Carlisle's Round
the World and Captain White's Substantive Seniority
Army List, should have been described as published by
Henry S. King & Co.
K. W. H. N. (Dublin.) Be good enough to say where
the account of Buddhist Htee may be seen, as tve can only
find room for the reference.
R. H. S. S. (S. K. M.) Have yon read the papers that
appeared on Briot in 4 th S. viii. 424 ; ix. 19 ? If not,
perhaps you ivill be good enough to do so, and supplement
them if necessary.
X. (Manchester.) Where will a letter Jind you ?
II. E. WILKINSON (Penge). The. lines "Earth walks
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duty in Melrose Abbey and in several churchyards. They
have been adapted from a quaint old poem, entitled Five
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ter in 1814, 4to. " N. & Q. 3** S. i. 389 ; ii. 55.
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last volume. The number of bezants may vary in the
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J. R. H. (Hyde Park Gate.) The word Syze on the
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seems to be either a coined ivord or a misprint. In the col-
lected edition of his works, 17 12, the passage reads "being
Essays of Divinity," 8fc. See " N. & Q." 3 rd S. v. 359.
* W. A. B. COOLIDGB (Exeter College). Consult The
Ethnology of the British Islands, by R. G. Latham, M.D.,
1853. " N. & Q." 1" S. vii. 120, 135, 246.
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NOTES AND QUERIES.
69
LONDON, SATURDAY, JANUARY 27, 1872.
CONTENTS. N> 213.
NOTES: Origin of Tichborne, 69 Lord Brougham and
Literature, Ib. Chaucer Restored, 70 Usages at a
Dumfriesshire Funeral a Hundred Years Ago, 71 Let-
ters of .Junius " Dame Europa " and " Rattle of Dork-
ing" A propos de Bottes Mural Decorations Chinese
Monumental Inscriptions Singular Bequest Ottava
llin) a An apt Quotation Abernethy's " Heavenly
Treatise," 102(5 "Spit for lack of Matter" "Mother
Goose " and her Melodies, 71.
QUERIES: A Print Query, 73 Aristophanes Artifi-
cial Fly Fishing Ballot at Rome- Bishops Ethelnoth,
Stigand, and Ethehnar Bonaparte's Dictum The Lord
Boqurki Caricature Cromwell Relies " The Entomb-
ment," by Federigo Barroccio The Council of Ephcsns
Charles Sandoe Gilbert Henry Inch " Marriage with
a Deceased Wife's Sister " Military Medals Numis-
maticOxford Canoes Dr. Parkins Les Pretres de-
portes Royal Heads on Bells Sansomcs Dr. William
Strode The Seven Towns of Holland, 74.
REPLIES: - "By Hook or by Crook," 77- Dr. E. A.
Holyokc, 78 Funeral of Queen Caroline, Ib. Jacobite
Ciphers Burnsiana Clerical Knights " Bulbaceous "
Relies of Oliver Cromwell Cleopatra and Octavia
ladies on Horseback Deesido " Might makes Right"
" Quid jaeet in torrS, non habet undo cadat " Ancient
Enigma Maugham "Long Preston Peggy" Gay=
wanton James Roddiu and John Reddie Scales and
Weights Origin of " Liverpool " Watch Papers The
Waistcoat Pocket a Sniili'-box Seven Dials Odd
Changes of Meaning Old Bags Lady Grizele Bailie
" Light Christmas" Moloworlh Medal Mrs. Stephens's
nies, &c., 71).
Notes on Books, &c.
ORIGIN OF TICHBORNE.
The interest at present attaching to this name
will, I presume, be sufficient apology for some
remarks upon it. It is plainly of the topographical
type. The fundamental principle of such names
I take to be that they consist of a statement of
certain natural landmarks by which the spot re-
ferred to might be recognised. The stream implied
in Tichborne, properly Titchborue, flows from be-
hind a ridge which would formerly be called a
height. One of the dialectal forms of this word
was "hitch," which, like " height" itself, pro-
perly highth from high-eth, was formed from the
old third person singular of "high" treated as a
verb. Although the letter g is now quiescent,
" high " was in some dialects pronounced gut-
turally as " hig'h," traces of which are still to be
met with. Thus Iligham Ferrers is pronounced
Hig-ham F., and in the Peak district we have
Iligger (higher) Tor, so called to distinguish it
from Mam Tor. Taking then "high " as " hig,"
we should from " higgeth " get " hitch," justas
what a man " diggeth " makes " ditch." " Hitch
often occurs' in names of places. We have two
Hitchams literal^, and another slightly disguisec
in Heacham, hot far from Sandringham. Hitch-
endon is the alternative name of Ilughendon
(Hoogh-ing-don). Again, Hitchin, Herts, readily
occurs as another instance. If then the name
nder review were Hitchborne, or, as the name of
he stream is actually written, Itchenbourne, it
would be perfectly natural and intelligible, mean-
ng simply Hillbrook. But the initial letter of
Hitchborne is indicative of some foreign element,
md has still to be accounted for. Now it was
not unusual to designate localities by means of
Depositions prefixed to certain landmarks adja-
,ent. In this way <l up," " to " and " at " were
roquently employed. We find places called Up-
lill literally, and many more compounded with
his name disguised as Apple, as in Appleton,
>therwise Apperton near Harrow, Appleby and
\ppledore, not forgetting Apeldoorn near De-
enter, Belgium. Appen, near the latter, and our
wn Epping, may stand for Up-han (height), but
iiore probably they represent "upping" as in
Uppingham and Oppenheirn, Under the head of
;he " ups '' is, I conceive, to be placed the famous
-Trinobantes, so preposterously perverted into
Troynovante, Now Troy. I analyse it into Trin-
Db-hant, that is, Treeu-up-the-height, and so
nake it equivalent to Epping (upping) Forest,
:l treen " being the old plural of " tree." Further,
we have names compounded with " to,"asTothele
(Tothill), and Tothan (Tote-han) as in Totten-
ham. Lastly, we also find " at " similarly em-
ployed, as in Athelhampstone, Attlebridge, &c.
In several instances, as if to guide us to the true
origin and meaning of such names, we find the
words expressed in full, as in the old names
Hare we atte Hull, Havering atte Bower, and in
the still used names Button at Hone (height), and
Cliff at Hoo (height). In not a few instances,
on the other hand, these prepositions coalesce
with the nouns to which they are prefixed, so as
to form one word with them, leaving no trace of
themselves but their final letter, after the manner
of other words. Thus " John a-noke " stands for
" John atten (at an) oak " (Wright's Chaucer,
Gloss, s. v. i( Nale "), sterling for easterling, and
Strother (Reeve's Tale} for Hant's-Rother
(Heights'-marsh). In this way I hold that Toot-
ing means At-hooghting, Tonbridge At-hone-
bridge and, as will .have been anticipated, Titch-
borne At-hitchborne. Synonymous with Titch-
borne, and almost parallel in form, is Tilbrook,
Beds. W. B. R. L.
LORD BROUGHAM AND LITERATURE.*
It is impossible, on reading the Memoirs just
published, not to be struck with the little Lord
Brougham has to say about his performances in
literature, by no means the least of his achieve-
ments. The last volume, comprising the period
when he wrote most, has even less than the others.
I have refrained from publishing my Bibliogram
on Brougham till the publication of the Memoirs,
* Continued from 4 th S. viii. 523.
70
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
[4th g. IX . J AX . 27, 72.
in the expectation that probably much of my
ground would have been gone over : unfortunately
Lord Brougham has scarcely touched upon it.
In this his lordship has followed his predecessors,
for if we take the autobiographies or memoirs or
lives of literary men men who have devoted
their whole lives to literature it is difficult, if not
impossible, to mention a single one who has given
;i catalogue raisonnc of his works. Take such
lives as Lockhart's Scott or Boswell's Johnson.
Can anything be more defective than the bibli-
ography of either 1 J Or again, Jordan or Charles
Knight, or John Banim, or worse than any, John
Gait. All these works being most interesting,
but from a bibliographical point of view most
miserable.
I want information as to authors, &c. of the
following pamphlets. The -first is signed " Angli-
cus," and is entitled
(7.) A letter to H. B., Esq., M.P. for the County of
York, on the present state of English representation.
Loud. Ridgway, 1830.
(8.) The expediency of a property-tax considered
in relation to the objections of Earl Grey and Lord
Brougham. Lond. F. C. Westley, 165, Strand, 1831.
(Anon.)
The following has been attributed to Lord
Brougham. See Blackivootfs Mag. for August,
18-31, for a most virulently abusive article ; also
Edin. Rev. liii. :
(9.) Friendly advice, most respectfully submitted to
the House of Lords, on the Reform Bill. 3rd edit.
Lond. Ridgway, 1831.
This anonymous pamphlet elicited another, en-
titled
Observations on a pamphlet falsely attributed to a
great person, Ac. Lond. J. Murray, 1831. (Also anony-
mous.)
(10.) Jury trial in Scotland, improved by being ex-
tended. A letter to the Lord Chancellor, by a mcmbi-r
of the Scottish Bar. Edin., Laing & Forbes, 1832. j
(Pseud.)
The following pamphlet is signed "Junius"
at the end :
(11.) A letter to, &c. on the subject of the Magistracy
of England, <fcc. Lond., &c., for the author, &c. Caw-
thorn, 1832.
I have somewhere seen the following (No. 12)
attributed to Archbishop Whately, but of course
a reference to his life by his daughter does not
enlighten _one, as the bibliography in that is just
as bad as in most works of the kind :
(12.) A letter to, &c., containing observations on the
Measure of Reform now under consideration of Parlia-
ment ; in so far as it respects the executive government
of this Country. Lond., Ridgway, 1832. (Anon.)
(13.) Selections from the Speeches, &c.. with a brief
Memoir of his Lordship's Life. Lond., Ri'dgwav, 1832
(Anon.)
The advertisement is dated from Cambridge.
I should like to have had a list of works dedi-
cated to Lord Brougham. The only one I know
is
(14.) The Village poor house. By a country curate.
[in verse.] Lond. 1832
the dedication to which mentions Lord Brougham
as " first in talents, first in honour, and first in
the opinion of his contemporaries."
OLPHAR HAMST.
CHAUCER RESTORED. No. II.
"THE COURT OF LOVE."
1. It is alleged that the Court of Love was not
written by Chaucer. Let the intelligent reader
compare the following parallels :
1.
" The blossoms fresh of Tullius' garden sote,
Poems of Virgil take/i here no root."
Court of Love.
" When that April with his show'res sole,
The drought of March hath pierced to the root."
Pruloyuc C. T.
Identical in rhyme and metre.
2.
"Of false /Eneas, and the waimenting."
Court of Love.
" That ever heard such waimenting."
"The great clamour and the waimenting."
Knight's Tale.
3.
" They were arrayed, and did their sacrilice
Unto the god and goddess in their guise."
Court of Love.
" The homes full of mead, as was the guise
There lacked nought to do their sacrifice. 1 '
KniyhC* Tale.
" And pleasantly with heartcs obeisance,
So must they lowly do their observance."
Court of Love.
'' Doth so his ceremonies and obeisance,
And keepeth in semblant all his observance."
Squire's Tale.
" And did also his other observances."
Truilus and C.
5.
" Why .sleep*:/* ye ? it i.s no nightcrtale."
"To matins went the lusty nightingale."
" He might not sleep in all the nightertale."
Court of Lore.
" So hot he loved that by nightertale
He slept no more than doth the nightingale."
Prologue C. T.
G.
" She smote nu^hrough the very heart as Mite
And Venus yet I thank I am alive."
Court of Love.
"They were full glad to excuse?! them full blive
Of thing, the which they never a-guilt [in] their
live[s]."
Prol. Wife of Bath.
" Bet-[ter~] than Virgil, while he was on live
Or buntfe] also. Kuw let us ride[n] btive."
Friar's Tale.
4' h S. IX. JAN. 27, 72.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
71
7.
"These words said, she caught me by the lappeft]."
Court of Love.
" And Troilus he brought in by the lappe[t]."
Troilus and C.
8.
'^My goddess bright, my fortune and my ure."
Court of Love,
" On his fortune and on ure also."
Complaint of the Black Knight.
2. It seems to me that the ring of the metal
sounds alike through all these passages; but,
further, there is in the Court of Love a palpable
allusion to the Complaint to Pity viz. in stanza
100, commencing
" A shrine surmounting all in stones rich,
Of which the force was pleasance to mine eye
With diamond or sapphire, never like
I have none seen, ne wrought so wonderly."
" a tender creature
Is shrined there, and PITY is her name."
This plainly refers to the "Death of Pity," and
would be written subsequently to the Complaint.
Who but the author of the latter would dare
thus to refer to another's work ?
If so be we have no MS. authority for ascrib-
ing the Court of Love * to Chaucer, the want of
it is the mere proof of a negative. There being no
rival claimant in the field, I hope that my country-
men will unanimously book the claim for Chaucer,
if only to clear his fame from a possible charge of
the grossest plagiarism. A. HALL.
Will you allow me to say, before MR. HALL
goes any further with his " Chaucer Restored,"
that neither he nor any one else may assume from
any statement of mine that "The Court of Love,"
"The Black Knight," "Chaucer's Dream/' "The
Cuckoo and Nightingale," are " admittedly contem-
poraneous " with Chaucer's youth that is, 1358-
6/5 A. D. ? Any one who, considering the pre-
sent state of knowledge of Early English, admits
the " Yle of Ladies " or/' Chaucer's Dream," espe-
cially to be of the date of 1358-65, only pro-
claims thereby that he ought to enter himself at
King's College School for a course of Early Eng-
lish.
" The Cuckow and the Nightingale " is evi-
dently by an inferior hand to Chaucer's, no doubt
that of some admirer and successor of his, who
starts his poem by quoting two of his master's
lines in the " Knightes Tale," 11. 1785-6
" The god of love, ah ! benedicite,
How myghty and how grete a lorde is he ! "
just as one of Tennyson's admirers might write a
* Those inclined to investigate the matter turther will
find the whole question, as regards the Court of Love, very
ably argued by Mr. Waring in The Academy for Novem-
ber, 1870.
| poem, after his death, on the theme of two of his
i teacher's lines. Echoes of Chaucer will be found
in many poems written after his time, as in the
"Flour and the Leaf." F. J. FURNIVALL.
USAGES AT A DUMFRIESSHIRE FUNERAL
A HUNDRED YEARS AGO.
MR. ATKINSON (4 th S. vii. 298), describing the
customs at funerals in Cleveland, reminds me of a
statement which I found in the MS. notes of the
late Mr. W.F. Hunter Arundell of Barjarg Towar,
to which I have already referred (4 th S. vii. 491)
in regard to the customs at funerals in Dumfries-
shire some hundred years ago. It is pleasant to
know that such scenes, as must have sometimes
occurred on such solemn occasions, have long been
a matter of the past, and are unknown in the
present times. The services of wine and spirits
at funerals have been put down, I believe, in
every parish in the South of Scotland; not so
much owing to the prevalence of the principles of
total abstainers, as because it was felt by the
respectable classes of the community that such
expenses were an unfair and improper tax on the
poor, at a time when they were least able to bear
it. The attempt to discontinue such services, it
was known, could only be successful if the example
were set by the higher classes, and in no instance
did they refuse to join in the praiseworthy object.
The following is the paper to which I refer :
" 13 th July, 1775. Copy of the expenses of Laird-
holme's funeral paid by Edw. Irving of \Viseby :
2 doz. Lisbon
1 doz. Port
li doz. Port
1 doz. Tenerifle
1 doz. Malaga
20 pints of Rum at 3/0
Cash
s.
. 1 16
. 1 7
. I 7
. is
. IS
. 3 10
. <) 1
d.
d
o
1)
1 Ib. Souchonne .
1 Ib. Bohea
. 7
. 3
4
15 Ib. lump sugar
. 10
. 2
1 Ib. small twist .
2 Ib. common twist
1 Ib. snuff ....
. 1
. 2
. 1
o
8
4
2 screws ....
4 flint glasses 2|, 2 single .
. 2
. 2
4
11 9 8
I may add, that the property of Lairdholme is
in the parish of Tundergarth, in Annandale, and
belonged one hundred years ago to a branch of
the great Border family of Johnstones.
C. T. RAMAGE.
LETTEES OF JTJNIFS. May I hope that the
Lord Chief Justice of England, before he sums
up in The Academy, will look at a brochure of my
72
NOTES AND QUERIES.
IX. JAN-. 27, 72.
deceased friend Mr. Jelinger Symons, which to
my mind conclusively shows that William Burke
wag Jimius ? MAKROCHEIR.
" DAME EUROPA " AND "BATTLE OP DORKING."
In making up my Annual Catalogue of Books
published in 1871, I am desirous to include the
titles of all the pamphlets and brochures springing
from the Dame Europa tract and the Battle of
Dorking article. Perhaps some of your subscribers
can help one for the benefit of the " coming man."
I have about forty titles of the former, and twelve
of the latter.
EDITOR OP "THE PUBLISHER'S CIRCULAR."
188, Fleet Street, London.
[Replies to be forwarded direct].
A PROPOS HE BOTTES. The following note is
evidence of the march of civilization ; at all events
there is something fresh on foot in Southern
Europe, doubtless to the intense disgust of the
lovers of the picturesque. In his Report on the
Trade and Commerce of Geneva, Consul Brown
remarks upon the curious feature in the leather
trade, in the fall of ox-hides as compared to cow-
hides, consequent upon the cessation of the de-
mand for the heavy leather which was so
extensively used in the Levant, Greece, and
Southern Italy for buskins, the semi-barbarous
natives having continued until quite recently to
use bits of tough leather roughly sewn to fit their
feet ; whereas, as they are becoming more civilized,
they are taking to shoes of the ordinary European
type. (See Consular Reports, No. 2, 1871.)
PHILIP S. KING.
34, Parliament Street.
MURAL DECORATIONS. In the fine old church
of Kirkby Malhamdale, in Craven, are two mural
paintings for they do not deserve the name of
" decorations." One is a skeleton, with the legend,
"Remember Death"; the other is Time, with
scythe, hour-glass, &c., and the legend, "Make
use of Time." The church has had many a good
coat of whitewash ; but the above figures have
always been spared, which is more than can be
said for General Lambert's monument in the same
church. STEPHEN JACKSON.
The Flatts, Malham Moor.
CHINESE MONUMENTAL INSCRIPTIONS. As the
subject of epitaphs has for some time been popu-
lar, perhaps a literal translation of one on a tomb
at Kowloon, S. China, may be interesting from its
being a type of the Chinese style. The present is
a plain record of facts, and does not tax the credu-
lity of the friends of the deceased. The transla-
tion was made by an interpreter at Hong Kong,
and I cannot therefore explain, here and the*e,
an obscure allusion :
" Monument of the old gentleman Hoo Quong Sang,
who lived in the present Tsing Dynasty, and was buried
on the 22nd day of the 4th month, in the 18th year of
in this flourishing piece of ground called Ngou
Lokling, situate on the [geometrical or local ?] rh;n
Ting-Tse, facing Kap-ut. In the 28th year of Tow-
Kwong, the proprietor of this land declined in fortune
and destiny [?], for a portion of it wns encroached on by
some farmers."
I Yv.sr.s.
" It [?] resembled the beard of the Dragon, and yet,
notwithstanding the tomb having been duly repaired,
the posterity of the deceased has failed " [in prosperity ?]
Again
" This piece of ground has been compared to a green
crab ejecting water. It was of the best description, but
these farmers maliciously damaged it."
" * * Erected by Hoo Tin Cheong, grandson of the
deceased."
On the usual adjoining structure, shaped like
an arm-chair, is a tablet with this inscription:
The Spiritual Seat of the Hoo Family."
SP.
SINGULAR BEQUEST. The following cutting
from the Evening Standard of Jan. 2, 1872, wrll
interest many readers of " N. & Q." How many
records of old customs would, but for its existence,
have been for ever lost to us, who can tell ? And
to its pages we turn to find anything, from " pre-
destination to slea-silk," and with the feeling that
we shall not be disappointed :
" Yesterday afternoon a sermon was preached in the
parish church of St. Magnus-the-Martyr, London In
by the Kev. A. J. M'Caul, M.A., the rector, in conformity
With the will of Mr. Henry Cloker, a late member of the
Grocers' Company. The will is dated 1573, and contains
some singular clauses ; one of which is that the master,
the wardens, and court of assistants of the Coopers' Com-
pany shall attend divine service and a sermon preached
on New Year's-day in the afternoon for ever. The pro-
perty consists of two small estates, the proceeds of which
are divided amongst the clergyman and the officers of the
company, and for other purposes. One of the most sin-
gular points in the will is that, in the event of the Coopers'
Company failing to carry out the various bequests with-
out showing sufficient reason, the property shall be for-
feited to the Grocers' Company. At the conclusion of
the sermon the clerk to the Coopers' Company read the
will, after which the curiously antiquated proceedings
terminated."
JOHN PICKFORD, M.A.
Hungate Street, Pickering.
OTTAVA RIMA. It has been asserted in some
recent reviews of the works of J. H. Frere
(Whistlecraft Brothers), that Mr. F. wa=> the in-
troducer amongst the English of thejltalian ottava
rima. This is not correct. Fairfax's Tasso,
Harrington's Orlando, Fanshaw's Lusiad, are all
in the stanza; and numerous other examples
might be quoted. N.
Ax APT QUOTATION. At a recent meeting in
Liverpool, one of the speakers, complimenting the
chairman, the Earl of Derby, quoted the words
from Marmioii, " On, Stanley, on ! "
* The date of the above is June 15, 1814. An Kmperor
of China receives another name after death.
4* S. IX. JAN. 27, 72.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
73
Many years ago, at a public breakfast or dinne
in the same town, where the Bishop of Cheste:
(Simmer) and the late Earl of Derby, then Lord
Stanley, were present, the Rev. Hugh M'Neile
now Dean of Ilipon, still more felicitously, ant
in ^his case with undoubted originality, ex-
claimed, in the course of his speech,. turning 1 first
to the Bishop and then to Lord Stanley, " Charge
Chester, charge ! on, Stanley, on ! "
Those who have ever heard Doctor M'Neile
speak in public will appreciate the exquisite grace
and point with which the quotation was delivered
J. W. W.
Winchester.
ABERNETHY'S "HEAVENLY TREATISE/' 1626.
Upon the title-page of A Christian's Heavenly
Treatise containing Physic for the Soul, written by
Abernethy, Bishop of Caithness, and published in
London, 1626, small quarto, there is written "Li-
ber Joannis Bettison, Pretium 2" 4 d , 29 th Marche
1626." As this is evidently the price of the
volume at the period it was given to the world
the- notandum is not without value as contem-
porary evidence of the price of .a volume of up-
wards of four hundred pages at that date.
The bishop's production has prefixed many
commendatory verses in Latin and English. Of
the former there is one by " Patricius Sandseus,"
Principal of the Edinburgh University at the
time ; and of the latter, a poem by no less a per-
son than Sir William Alexander, subsequently
known as Viscount of Canada and Earl of Stirling,
a celebrated statesman, but who is now best
known for his Recreations with the Muses a work
in which will be found many beautiful lines.
Some of the passages in his monarchic tragedies
are truly admirable.
Abernethy was one of the bishops deposed at
the well-known Glasgow Assembly of 1630, of
which a most amusing description will be found
in the amusing volume of Scotish Pasquils, of
which a second and enlarged edition was printed
at Edinburgh, 1868 5 Paterson,74, Princes Street.
The bishop's excellent work is thus referred to
in the volume just mentioned :
" Both soule and bodey Cathncs cures, then none but
onlie he
Treu pastor and phisitian may only termed be."
This is complimentary enough, more especially
as the other bishops are somewhat differently re-
presented in the same poetical translation from
the original Latin verses. J. M.
"SPIT FOE LACK OF MATTER." In As You
Like It, Act IV. Sc. 1, Rosalind says
"Nay, you were better speak first; and when you
were gravelled for lack of matter, you might take occa-
sion to kiss. Very good orators, when fchey are out, they
will spit ; and for lovers, lacking (God warn us !) matter,
the cleanliest shift is to kiss."
Shakespeare here alludes to the following pas-
sage in the Euphues of Lyly :
" Without doubt, Euphues, thou dost me great wrong,
seeking a skar in a smooth skin, thinking to stop a vain
wher none is opened, and to cast love in my teeth, which
I have already spit ovt of my mouth, which I must needs
think proceedeth rather for lacke of matter then any good
meaning, els wouldest' thou never harp on yat string
which is burst in my hart, and yet ever sounding in thy
ears."
W. L. RTJSHTON.
" MOTHER GOOSE " AND HER MELODIES. The
story of William TelPs shooting the apple off his
son's head has been recently denied, and it has
even been stoutly affirmed that William Tell
never existed. As some slight compensation for
this loss, it is gratifying to know that " Mother
Goose " was a real personage. This fact is learned
from an elegant and expensive quarto edition of
her "Melodies " published in New York in 1869,
an edition embellished with admirable comic
illustrations.
The family of Vergoos, Verdegoos, or Goose
existed in Boston, Massachusetts. Thomas Field,
a native of the parish of Whitchurch, Shrop-
shire, England, married Elizabeth, the daughter
of Isaac and Elizabeth Vergoos. Field, before
coming to America, was a printer in Bristol. He
gave offence to the mob by displaying a halter
whilst a procession in honour of Dr. Sacheverell
was passing his printing-office. For this he was
compelled to leave Bristol, but after a short stay
in London, ventured back to Bristol, where find-
ing himself still unpopular, he concluded to come
to America. He collected the nursery songs sung
by his mother-in-law to his eldest child, and
published them under the name of Mother Goose's
Melodies. Her descendants are still in Boston.
UNEDA.
Philadelphia.
A PRINT QUERY.
I have long held an opinion opposed to that of
the printsellers and collectors, that those very
dark and often fine impressions of the early
engravers, which just now fetch such high prices,
ire not always the early impressions. In par-
ticular I would mention Albert Diirer's " Tem-
j>erance " or " Great Fortune," and more espe-
cially Lucas van Leyden's " Mahomet killing the
nonk Sergius." This beautiful print is dated
1508, and is certainly very fine in every way, and
was executed when the artist was fourteen years
ISow I have a peculiarly delicate impression of
his, as perfect as the day it was printed. All
he background is so light as almost to require a
uagnifying glass to see it perfectly, but still most
xisp, and without any suspicion of wear of the
74
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[4"- S. IX. JAN. 27,
plate. Is not this just what we should expect of
the print of a boy of fourteen, at a time when en-
graving was quite in its infancy ? But, as a fact,
the much darker and more brilliant impressions
are generally considered the earliest and best.
Against this I have always held the probability
of the lighter work being the original, done when
the young artist had exquisite delicacy and taste,
but less power ; and the fact that in my copy at
least the mark of the coast line is continued
through part of the trunk of the great tree, which
was not so in the darker and, as I think, the
later impressions. This has been denied by con-
noisseurs, who have alleged that this continuation
had at some time been put in carefully in pen and
ink ; but last week a somewhat dilapidated copy
was sold at Sotheby's with the same mark through
the great tree.
Would those of your subscribers who possess
this fine print either in a light state or in its
richest examine this particula'r point, and let us
know their opinion about my theory ?
I believe that in both these prints, and in fact
several others, the respective artists retouched
their weaker and more delicate plates in after life.
J. C. J.
ARISTOPHANES.
" The possibility of producing an adequate translation
of an entire play never would have entered into his (Mr.
J. Hookhara Frere's) mind, but from the example of his
friend Mr. W. Hamilton, who had himself completed a
translation of almost the whole of Aristophanes." Me-
moir of John Hookham Frere, p. cclxiv. note 1, Works,
vol. i. Pickering, 1872.
What is known of Mr. Hamilton's version be-
yond this ? Where is it ? What is it ? Prose or
verse ? Q.
[The only published translations of William Richard
Hamilton, Esq. F.R.S. (obit. July 11, 1859) known to us
are the following : (1.) Essay" on the Birds of Aris-
tophanes, by J. W. Silvern, translated by W. R. Hamil-
ton. Lond. 1835, 8vo. (2.) Two Essays on the Clouds
and on The Trjpa.s of Aristophanes, by J. W. Silvern,
translated by W. R. Hamilton, Lond. 1836. Both pub-
lished by John Murray of Albemarle Street.]
ARTIFICIAL FLY FISHING. Charles Cotton,
who was the first to systematise this art, died in
1687. Leaving out of the question the many
" Complete Anglers," " Perfect Anglers," &c., who
were the chief writers on fly-fishing after him,
such as Bowlker (who wrote in 1746) and Bain-
bridge (in 1816), to Jesse, Sir H. Davy, and the
numerous authors of late years?. Also, where
can I meet with an exhaustive catalogue of works
on fishing ? I know the Bibliotheca Piscatoria
added to the Piscatorial Reminiscences published
by Pickering in 1835. PELAGIUS.
[Certainly the best catalogue is by our valued corre-
spondent, MK. THOMAS WESTWOOD, entitled A New
Bibliotheca Piscatoria ; or, General Catalogue of Angling
and Fishing Literature, with Bibliographical Notes and
Data. Lond. : The Field Office, 346', Strand, 1861.]
BALLOT AT ROME. Was the ballot used in the
introduction of Christianity into Rome, as is fre-
quently asserted by reliable authority ?
A. S. H.
BISHOPS ETHELNOTH, STIGAND, AND ETHEL-
MAR. Can any one inform me whether the three
following bishops were related ; and if so, how ?
I have in different books found each of them
described as the son of the ^Elderuian or Earl
of Cornwall: Athelnoth, or Agelnot, Bishop of
Canterbury, 1020 ; Stigand, Bishop of Elmham
and Dunwich, 1034; of Winchester, 1047; and
of Canterbury, 1052 [1043 ?] ; and Ailmar, Ethel-
mar, or Egelmar, Bishop of Elmham, 1047.
J. A.
BONAPARTE'S DICTUM. Can any kind reader
give me the exact original, or tell me where to
find it, of Napoleon's dictum that, " in war, the
moral force is to the physical force as three to
one," or some such proportion ? E. A. H.
THE LORD BOQUEKI. My father taking me as
a boy to Battle on a market day, I was presented
by one of the farmers with aii eighteen-penny-
piece the bank tokens then in general circula-
tion with the observation, "You look as neat
and smart as my Lord Boqueki." And on
various occasions in my early days I heard the
expression as applied to anything new and fresh.
The last time, some five or six years since, wait-
ing at the Newhaven station, a farm labourer
brought a portion of a plough to the station
freshly painted with bright red and blue, when he
was accosted with " Well, I should think that
is made for my Lord Boqueki, it do look so tar-
nation new." I asked him who his lordship was,
and he told me: "All things that be vired
(fired ?) new we calls his, down in these parts."
Whence the origin of the application and
name ? the spelling of which may be incorrect,
but I have given it as pronounced. H. W. D.
CARICATURE. I picked up an old engraving
lately, and would be glad to know the meaning
of it and the name of the person satirised. It is
entitled " A Candidate ! ! ! Generalissimo of the
Janisaries." H.B. del* et sculpt. A very stout
well-dressed gentleman, in the costume of a cen-
tury ago, sits in an arm chair, with both his legs
up to the knees in pails marked " Buttermilk " ;
his right hand grasps a flint musket with fixed
bayonet, on which is impaled a cap of liberty, very
much torn ; his left hand rests on a book in-
scribed " P e Accounts," under which is a
scroll bearing " Report of the Committee," t{ Deep
Peculation," " Clothing, &c.," " Arms, Accoutre-
ments, &c." On the gentleman's forehead are
4* S. IX. JAN. 27, 72.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
75
the initials " M. T." ; his two watch chains have
letters strung on them, making up the words
11 Knavery and Dishonour." A sheaf of muskets
in one corner is labelled " For Muster day." Some
bags of money are marked "For private use,"
" Plunder/' &c. The wall at the back of the
iigure is adorned with a portrait entitled tf Buck-
ingham," also a Sue and Cry, in which the fol-
lowing words are legible: "Reward Votes
Day Money Robbeiy In William Street
Murder Lost." A bunch of tallies labelled " sure
votes " hangs upon a nail. I have made the above
description as accurate as I could in the hope that
some part of it may give a clue to the name of
the individual. , W. H. P.
CROMWELL RELICS. Could your contributor
DR. RIMBAULT kindly inform me where the relics
of Oliver Cromwell, mentioned in " N. & Q."
4 th S. viii. 550, are to be inspected P A relative
has a portrait supposed to be that of the Pro-
tector, and I should be greatly gratified if I were
enabled to verifv the assertion. E. J.
51, Nelson Square, S.E.
" THE ENTOMBMENT," BY FEDERIGO BAR-
ROGCIO. Among the pictures belonging to the
Marquis of Westminster at the South Kensington
Museum there is an Entombment ascribed to
Federigo Barroccio. On the first screen on the
left-hand side of the Dyce Collection there is
also an Entombment ascribed to Federigo Bar-
roccio. This latter is an engraving by ./Egidius
Sadeler (who died in 1629, seventeen years after
Barroccio), but it is from an altogether different
design and picture. Did Barroccio paint two
of the same subjects, and with none but the
most distant relationship ? The question is in-
teresting on several accounts, but specially so to
me, because I have a picture on copper which
agrees wholly with that engraved by Sadeler,
except that the top of mine is square and that of
the engraving semicircular. There is no doubt of
the age of my little picture, which, if not an original
of this valued master, represents an original which
ought to be found. B. H. COWPER.
THE COUNCIL or EPHESUS. It is remarkable
that at this council the Nicene creed, as originally
drawn up and published by the Council of Nice
was alone recited and appealed to as the sole
standard of orthodoxy, the important alterations
made in that creed both by omission and addi-
tion by the Second (Ecumenical Council being
thus entirely ignored. This is the more remark-
able, because at the Council of Chalcedon both th
Nicene and the Constantinopolitan creeds were
recited, and both referred to as the joint standards
of orthodoxy. The additions, too, made to the
Nicene creed by the Council of Constantinople
were confirmed. Can any of your correspondents
ex j lain this circumstance and account for it, o:
;hrow any light upon it from the Fathers and
n hurch historians? G. D. W. O.
CHARLES SANDOE GILBERT. Is there any
record of the death of Mr.- Gilbert, who wrote
An Historical Survey of the County of Cornwall,
1817-20, 2 vols. royal 4to. The only notice re-
cording his decease that I have been able to find '
is in the Rev. John Wallis's Cornwall Register,
p. 312, where it says, in speaking of him : " He
died I believe in London. The last time I saw
him was in a small house at the end of the Strand
church." Worth, in his History of Devonport,
says he died in 1831, but gives no authority for
the statement. By the kind permission of the
incumbents of St. Mary-le-Strand and St. Cle-
men-t Danes I have had the burial registers of
these parishes searched without finding any entry.
Mr. Gilbert's History is no doubt the best ever
published about Cornwall. It is now a compara-
tively scarce book, and even when met with seldom
possesses a complete set of the engravings.
GEORGE C. BOASE.
HENRY INCH. What authority is there for
stating that Henry Inch was the inventor and
designer of the casemated galleries at Gibraltar ?
Mr. Inch was born at Ludgvan in Cornwall, and
died in the year 1809. GEORGE C. BOASE.
" MARRIAGE WITH A DECEASED WIFE'S SISTER."
Will one of your numerous readers inform me
where I shall find a full report of the debate which
took place last session on the " Marriage with a
deceased Wife's Sister" Bill, and the names of
the various members who voted for and against
the bill on the same being thrown out? Also,
what works, if any, have been published on the
subject, and where I should be able to obtain
copies ? R. G.
[The Bill was read a second time in the House of
Commons on February 15, the motion being carried by
125 to 41. The House went into Committee on March 8
(Ayes 149, Noes 84) ; again on the 9th (Ayes 133,
Noes 98) ; and the Bill was read a third time on March 10.
The Bill was read a second time in the House of Lords on
March 27, and rejected by a majority of 26 ; the numbers
for the rejection being 97 against 71 in favour of the Bui.
The debates will be found in The Times of the days fol-
lowing on those on which they took place ; but the list
of members voting is sometimes unavoidably delayed
until the second day after a division. The Marriage Law
Amendment Society, 21, Parliament Street, Westminster,
has we believe published some tracts in favour of Mar-
riage with a Deceased Wife's Sister ; and the Scriptural
Argument against it will be found in the pamphlet by
the late Rev. John Keble, published by Parker of the
Strand. Other recent works on the Marriage with a De-
ceased Wife's Sister are by J. F. Denham, 1847; Dr. E. B.
Pusey, 1849 ; Dr. J. A. Hessey, 1855, Rivingtons ; and
F. N." Rogers, 1855, Rivingtons.]
MILITARY MEDALS. Will you or any of the
numerous readers of " N. & Q." kindly inform me
where I can see engravings or drawings of the
following ?
76
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
S. IX. JAN. 27, 72.
1. Gold medal from the King of Prussia to
Mr. William Murphy, a private gentleman of
the troop of Guards of his Majesty the King of
Great Britain." April, 1721.
2. Gold medal from the Queen of Spain to each
of the officers of the Irish Brigade " for their high
. sense of honour during the attack on the city of
Fontarabia in 1792."
3. Gold medal to Subadar Ibraharn Cawn, 1st
battalion, 3rd regiment, Bombay Infantry, "for
his gallant and soldier-like ' attack of a pagoda
near Carwar." Bombay, Aug. 1800.
4. Gold medal to Mustapha Beg, 1st battalion,
1st Native Infantry, " for giving the only intima-
tion which was received of the projected mutiny
at Vellore." Madras, Aug. 1806.
5. Gold medal from the Highland Society to
Corporal Mackay, 71st regiment, " for his dignified
disinterestedness towards General Bernier, whose
life he saved at the battle of Vimiera in 1809."
6. Silver medals to Jemadar Shieck Hoosein,
2nd battalion, Gth regiment, Native Infantry ; and
sepoy Hurry Bhoy, 1st battalion, 7th regiment,
Native Infantry, "for exemplary conduct at the
battle of Gunnesh Candy." Bombay, Nov. 1817.
7. Silver medals to Corporal McLaughlan and
four other soldiers of the 73rd regiment, "for dis-
play of heroism and generous feeling on march
from Passera to Badulla during the Kandian war."
Ceylon, 1818. J, W. FLEMING.
113, Marine Parade, Brighton.
NUMISMATIC. Will any of your readers tell
me whether I have been correctly informed that
two coins or tokens which I have are an Irish
halfpenny and farthing struck by Prince Charles
Edward? The coins I mention are of copper,
and bear on the obverse a profile turned to the
right, with an inscription, " Voce Populi " ; on the
reverse a harp, with "Hibernia," and the date
" 1760 " under the harp. What is the history of
these coins ? F.
Brighton.
[Pinkerton, in his Essay on Medals (ii. 127), remarks:
" In 1760 there was a great scarcity of copper coin in
Ireland, upon which a society of Irish gentlemen
applied for leave, upon proper conditions, to coin half-
pence ; which being granted, those appeared with a very
bad portrait of George II., and VOCE roruM around it.
The bust bears a much greater resemblance to the Pre-
tender ; but whether this was a piece of waggery in the
engraver, or only arose from his ignorance in drawing,
must be left to doubt." In Lindsay's Coinage of Ireland.
1839, the coin is engraved in the fifth supplementary
plate, No. 16, and in the advertisement, p. 139, the fol-
lowing remarks on it: "This curious variety of the
' voce populi ' halfpence exhibits a P before the face, and
illustrates Pinkerton's remark that the portrait on these
coins seems intended for that of the Pretender : it is a
very neat coin, perhaps a pattern."]
OXFORD CANOES. Canoes were introduced on
the river at Oxford rather more than twenty years
since, and were considered to be novelties. They
had, however, been popular in a previous genera-
tion, for in a most diverting work entitled The
Youiif/ Travellers; or, a Visit to Oxford, by a Lady,
author of Victims of Pleasure, &c. (1818), I find
the following passage :
" Mr. Hartley took the children into the churchyard of
St. Aldate's, just opposite great Tom 'How true
it is,' said he, ' that in the midst of life we are in death.
We can scarcely ever enter a churchyard without wit-
nessing the records of sudden and accidental death.
Yonder is one, pointing to the gravestone of a young
man who was drowned just below Folly Bridge by the
over-ebbing of a dangerous kind of boat called a canoe,
much used for pleasure till forbidden by the governor of
the university." P. 50.
I should be glad to know if there is such a
tombstone still to be seen in St. Aldate's ; and if
so, to be favoured with a copy of the inscription.
I should also be glad to know if the contemplated
"appendix" to the book from which I have
quoted was ever published. It was to contain
twenty-nine "correct likenesses of curious charac-
ters here referred to, with some biographical or
other accounts of them." (See " advertisement "
to The Young Travellers.') One of these plates,
" Mother Goose " tho flower-seller, is iriven as a
specimen of the engravings in question. It is
finely engraved and is signed " I. W. Oxon."
Who was he ? CUTHRERT BEDE.
DR. PARKINS. Mr. Millard, the London book-
seller, advertises a valuable manuscript 011 magic
by this author, who resided near Grantham, I
believe, and died many years since. Who was he,
and when did he die ? I understand that he sold
love charms, and believed in magical powers, &c.
Was it so ? CHR. COOKE.
[Dr. Parkins resided at "Our Public Office, Temple of
Wisdom, Little Gonerby, near Grantham, Lincolnshire."
Among his numerous works we find he is the author of
The Cabinet of Wealth ; Kay to the Wisemans Crown, or,
the Way to Wealth, 1815; Young Mans Best Companion;
Complete Herbal and Family Physician; and The. Uni-
rensul. Fortune Teller, 1823.]'
LES PRETRES DEI?ORTES. Where can I learn
anything about the French Pasteurs, or Pretres
deportes, in the first French Revolution, beyond
what is told in Un Pretre deporte, and Moreau's
Pretres frangais aux Etais-Uni*?
Also, what information have we as to the fate
of the " enfans trouves" and other young persons
dependent on charitable institutions at the same
time ?
THE AUTHOR or " ON THE EDGE
OF THE STORM."
ROYAL HEADS ON BELLS. Will some readers
of " N. & Q." who have a taste for such matters
hunt for the heads of royalty on any bells in their
locality or elsewhere, if they have an opportunity ?
I may say there are none such ancients in Somer-
set, Devon, or Cornwall, excepting on a bell at
4* S. IX. JAN. 27, 72.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
77
St. James's, Devonport, which was brought from
a decayed church in Worcester.
I think only three types of heads are known to
camp&nidts; those are supposed to be of Edward I.
and Eleanor, Edward III. and Philippe, Henry VI.
and Margaret, and the young Prince Edward.
The habitats of the 'first, with the same initial
cross, are at Winstone, Huntley, Coberley (two),
Dyrham, Upper Slaughter, all in Gloucester;
the same at Elmley Castle, co. Worcester.
The second, with diverse initial crosses and in
diilerent type, are at Stoneleigh, Warwick;
Christ Church, Hants, king's head, only ; Cherry
Hinton, Cambridge, the queen only, with the
same cross and letters as at Christ Church, West
Lynn; Bottisham, Cambridge; Gowts, Lincoln;
Chippenham, Wimsbotsham, Northampton, also
at Ampton, Suffolk king only ; at Chaddesdon,
Derby, evidently from much worn stamps, and
dated " 1742 : by Thomas Hedderley Founder,"
in ancient type. He was a Nottingham founder.
I have engravings of all the above, and shall
be willing to supply copies to any bell archaeolo-
gist who will write to ine, enclosing stamps to
cover postage.
II. T. ELLACOMI5E.
Rectory, Clyst St. George, Devon.
SANSOMES. In the parish of Ashwell, co. Herts,
is a field called Sansomes, which, previous to>the
time of the dissolution of religious houses, was
church property. In one corner the foundations
of an extensive building still remain beneath the
surface. The stones are squared, and, judging
from the thickness of the walls, the building must
have been of considerable importance. At Wor-
cester there is a piece of ground which formerly
belonged to the cathedral (and perhaps still does),
also called San somes ; and I am told that adjacent
to the cathedral of Ely or Lincoln, my informant
forgets which, there is some land known by the
same name. I am desirous of knowing the origin
of the word, and also whether there are other
church lands in England called Sansomes.
J. E. CUSSANS.
DR. WM. STRODE. Could you tell me which
is correct " vain" or " vein" in the fifth line of
the following epigram? The Contemporary Review
(July, 1870), quoting it, has " vain " :
" My love and I for kisses played :
"She would keep stakes : l' was content ;
But when I won, she would be paid ;
This made me ask her what she meant.
'Pray, since I see ' (quoth she) < your Avrangling [vein]
vain,
Take your own kisses; give me mine atf.'iin.'
" DR. JOHN [WILLIAM ?] STROP i ."
S.H. W.
[These playful lines by Dr. William Strode appeared
in the Gent. May. for July, 1820, where we read "wrang-
ling vaync," and in"N/& Q." 1 st S. i. 302, "wrangle
in vaine." When are the scattered lyrics of this eminent
Caroline poet, orator, and divine, to be collected and
edited ? See N. & Q." 1* S. i. 146, 302, 490 ; I""' S. x.
462.]
THE SEVEN TOWNS OF HOLLAND. Wranglr,
Leake, Leverton, Uenington, Bathwick, Ffeiston,
and Fishtoft. I should like to know why tluv<;
towns are so called ? Tuos. K,ATCLII<TE.
" BY HOOK OR BY CROOK."
(4 th S. viii. 64, 133, 190, 464.)
In my opinion this proverbial or trite expression
did not owe its familiar use to any of the in-
genious conjectures to which your correspondent s
have ascribed it, viz. to two Irish places of de-
barcation at Waterford; to two land-surveyors
supposed to have been employed in adjudicating
on the claims of the inhabitants of London after
the Great Fire ; to two imaginary judges named
Hook and Crook, in the reign of Charles I. men-
tioned in some other provincial glossaries, &c.
The use of the expression, u by hook or by
crook," is traceable to an earlier and more humble
and commonplace origin, and is founded on tin;
old practice of nledircval conveyancers, when they
had to frame grants intended to convey or re-
serve a limited easement or grant of dead wood
for fuel or other like purposes, over a tract of
woodland, which might be available without ma-
terially interfering with the more substantial u^e
and profits of the timber for the general pur]-
of the landowner.
On such occasions it was often well worth the
while of an adjacent tenant or neighbour to have
or reserve a precarious authority to carry away
any refuse, dead, or damaged portions of the trees,
provided they could be readily removed without
material detriment to the owner of the wood, by
simple means, falling far short of the more effec-
tive axe, bill, or saws incidental to the felling of
timber for general purposes.
Among these simple modes of removal are tliu
hooked poles, or crooks, by which dry or dend
bits of wood can be detached and pulled down
from the upper branches of a tree. The ordinary
local glossaries supply instances of this kind, stub
as.Halliwell's, Naves', and Grose's; in the latter of
which the " crook-lug, for pulling down dead
branches," is mentioned as a familiar term in
Gloucestershire. So we have, in the old French
custunials, a right to take ''brancas siccas cum
crocco ligneo sive ferreo " in royal forests (Du-
mnge, tit. "Branca"), with other authorities in
Miohelet's Origines du Droit francais, edition
Bruxelles, 1838, pp. Ill, 112.
A later instance, and one near at hand, and
familiar to me, will be found in a small book
printed some years ago, for a copy of which I am
indebted to the late Mr. John "Wallis, the re-
78
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[4*S. IX. JAN. 27, '72.
spected vicar of Bodmin in Cornwall. He found
among the records of the Corporation a document
claiming for the burgesses of the town a right
under the concession of the prior of Bodmin " to
bear and carry away on their backs, and in no
other way, the lop, crop, hook, crook, and bag-
wood in the prior's wood of Dunnieer." Another
part of this record calls this right " a right, with
hook and crook, to lop, crop, and carry away
fuel," c., in the same wood. The date of the
petition in which this easement is claimed is the
year 1525.
I could without much difficulty supply other
instances of the use of this expression in its like
real, bo?idjide, and practical sense of removal by
(he simple process of a pot-hook, or bill-hook, or
hanger. Such is, no doubt, the origin of this cant
phrase applied to the very different purpose of
effecting an object by one of two alternative
means. E. SMIRKE.
DK. E. A. HOLYOKE.
(4 th S. viii. 280 ; ix. 40.)
The following are copied from Letters to a
Young Physician just entering upon Practice, by
James Jackson, M.D., LL.D., London and Boston,
1856:
" I will not give you a list of the worthy successors of
Hippocrates. It would be a long list, though I should
select those only whose claims would not be disputed. I
might find some such in our own land, who have finished
their career in the present century. I will indulge my-
self in naming one only; one whom I had the happiness
to know intimately. He was my first teacher ; and I
have been accustomed, with some others of his pupils, to
call him old master. 1 refer to the late Edward Augustus
Holyoke, M.D., of Salem. He, like Hippocrates, lived
more than a hundred years, retaining his faculties men-
tal and bodily, to the end of his century, in unusual per-
fection. But it is not for his longevity that 1 mention
him as entitled to a high rank in the profession ....
" Dr. Holyoke ranked among our first men in his general
scientific attainments. But the great object of his life,
industriously and faithfully pursued, was the practice of
medicine in its various branches. He observed, closely
and critically, the phenomena of disease and the methods
of treating it. His conceptions were clear and his memory
strong ; though, like other old men, he lamented its decay
in the latter part of his life. He had not lost it, however,
as was shown on the day which completed his hundred
years, and when he began on a new century. On that
day a case was presented to him of an unusual character,
on which, after examining it, he remarked that he did
not recall an}' like it, unless that of a patient whom he
named. This patient was one whom he had seen once
only, forty years before
" Dr. Holyoke was in his seventieth year when I went
into his study. He had had a very extensive practice,
but he had then contracted it, so that he attended to his
business on foot. After a short time, he allowed me to
walk with him and see his patients a privilege for which
I have ever felt most thankful. My intercourse with
him was high!}' instructive ; it was also most agreeable.
He was extremely affable, and had the simplicity of
manner which belongs to the true gentleman. Withal
he had a playful humour and a most hearty laugh ; but
he never wounded any man's reputation. From iny
very imperfect delineation of his character, you may
judge how much I must have venerated and loved him;
and I hope that this delineation may not seem to have
occupied too much space."
J.D.
FUNERAL OF QUEEX CAROLINE.
(4 th S. viii. passim ; ix. 44.)
I have the "best authority," Sir Robert Wil-
son's own in his own handwriting, for my state-
ment of facts respecting this affair. But P. A. L.
somewhat misunderstands me. I meant to deny
the accuracy of the assertion that he was only
"put upon the retired list and half-pay," and to
assert the truth, that he was absolutely and arbi-
trarily dismissed the service. Of course, this was
in consequence of the affair at Cumberland Gate.
The causa causans was political enmity on the
part of the government, and personal displeasure
on the part of the king the latter produced or
strengthened by falsehood and misrepresentation.
I may somewhat modify my statement, that his
"restoration was owing more to the personal
favour of the king," &c. That favour was very
strong, and very warmly expressed; but I send
nn extract from Sir R. Wilson's journal, which
shows that the king was anxious not to take to
himself more credit than was his due :
" July 28, 1830.
" Went to levee. The king took me by the hand,
and asked me how I did. When I expressed my acknow-
ledgments, the king said, holding my hand all the time :
' I tell you the truth. It was the recommendation of my
cabinet that I should restore you. And God forbid I
should ever stand in the way of any act of favour to a
gallant officer. I feel quite confident that, in replacing
you in my army, T shall always be able to command the
sword of a brave general and a loyal subject.' "
Another object was to refute the unqualified
statement, that "the Duke of Wellington induced
the king to reinstate Sir R, Wilson." In the
same journal is the following entry :
" July 21st.
" Saw the Duke of Wellington this morning. He said,
' I shall only think of your services when I refer to the
past.' And "he gave me his hand in token of perfect
reconciliation."
The difference had arisen from Sir R. Wilson's
efforts to save Marshal Ney under the terms of
the Capitulation of Paris.
Again :
" Lord Aberdeen said all that a sincere friend could
say, and throughout has acted like one. Indeed to him,
Sir R. Peel, and Sir H. Hardinge, 1 am must indebted"
I ought to have added, that the whole of Sir
Robert's half-pay from his dismissal was granted
to him in full on his restoration the best evi-
dence of the opinion then held of the injustice of
his deprivation.
IX. JAN. 27, 72.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
Sir Robert's eldest son, Henry,* died some years
before this time. His second son, Borville,t was
in the Brazilian navy. His third son, Belford
Hinton, was in Columbia, aide-de-camp to the
Liberator, and colonel in that service. He was
afterwards successively H.B.M.'s consul at Lima,
and charge d'affaires 'to Venezuela. In 1854 he
was irresistibly compelled, by the breaking down
of his health, to resign the appointments, when
he received the K.C.B. for his diplomatic services,
and he died in London in 1859. By his means
the Guano Islands were secured to Peru, in a
treaty which he negotiated.
The next works of Sir Robert Wilson's which
J shall publish, are a minute history of his ser-
vices as a " Partisan " in Portugal and Spain in
1808-9, and of the formation of Canning's ad-
ministration, in which he bore the principal part
as negotiator. These are nearly ready. I. shall
then hope to continue the Life.
HERBERT RANDOLPH.
Ringmore.
JACOBITE CIPHERS (4 th S. viii. 415, 559.) I beg
to offer my very grateful acknowledgments to
MR. PETTET and T. W. G. They are perfectly
correct in their suggestions with respect to the
letter F. In the key to the cipher (which I may
as well say was among the papers of Col. James
Grahme, some time Privy Purse to James II.),
that letter was formed like an italic double j t
after a common fashion then prevailing; of the
use of which, we still retain the vestiges in such
names as ffunlkes. ffolliot, ffaryngton, fyc. Appar-
ently for the purpose of mystifying a document,
which it was unsafe to keep and unwise to de-
stroy, Col. Grahme who wrote a coarse bad hand
transformed the ff into II ; and followed the
same course with another letter, of which he made
an R : but this he has done so effectually, that
the original of the palimpsest (so to call it)
defies me.
In the letter from " 10 " (that is, Lord Middle-
ton), to which I referred in my first letter to
"N. & Q.," the following passage occurs: "My
service to the Grand Master of the Jerkers." Is
any reader of "N. & Q." sufficiently versed in the
perpetually changing Jacobite titles to help me to
the real name of this dignitary ?
FRANCIS E. PA GET.
Elford Rectory, Tarn worth.
BTJRNSIANA (4 th S. vii. viii. passim.'} The con-
troversy about the meaning of pin in the address
* Henry was in the British army. He died in 1827 of
liver disease contracted in India.
f "Borville John," second son of Sir Robert, was a
lieutenant on board the "Northumberland" when she
took out Napoleon to St. Helena. He resigned his com-
mission on his father's dismissal; but returned to the
English service on his restoration. He died at Hong
Kong in 1854.
to a haggis is curious to one who has often seen
this dish placed on an Ayrshire farmer's table
before a lot of hungry ploughmen. The descrip-
tion of it by Burns is perfect even to the pin.
I suspect that the ABERDONIAN'S new reading
arises from the peculiar pronunciation he is accus-
tomed to give to this word. No doubt he would
pronounce pin peen, and peen may Aberdeen-awa
mean juice. The second verse of the address in
which the line occurs describes merely the out-
ward appearance of the haggis, and the only refer-
ence to juice there is
" While thro' your pores the dews distil,
Like amber bead."
One can hardly imagine such an exaggerated
hyperbole as that these drops would help in time
of need to turn a mill.
But SCOTOPHILTJS suggests that peen may refer
to a " pent-up stream of liquor inside the haggis."
If such really existed, Burns, with his usual happy
accuracy in the use of figurative language, would,
I think, have let out this pent-up stream in the
third verse, when " rustic labour," after "dightin"
his knife, trenched open the entrails. I suspect
rustic labour would be terribly disgusted and dis-
appointed if the result of his cutting was to let
out a stream of liquor instead of showing the
" Gushing entrails bright, warm, reekin', rich."
To paraphrase slightly the concluding lines of
the poem
" And Labour wants nae skinking ware
Thatjaups in higgles.
But if ye wish his gratefu' prayer,
Gie him a haggis."
It is pretty evident that a pent-up stream sud-
denly let out would "jaup " terribly on a 'Mog-
gie," and that the very last idea that was in
Burns's mind was to suggest that a haggis was H
lot of " skinking ware." No : it was good, genuine,
solid , haggis. Besides, it is not the fact that a
haggis, such as Burns describes, has any con-
cealed store of liquor about it at all, and far less
such a quantity as would help to turn a mill in
" time o' need."
So SCOTOPHILUS will interpret Burns's idea cor-
rectly if he reverts to the opinion he had on first
reading the poem, and believes that nothing more
is meant than the wooden pin that is employed to
secure the mouth of the haggis.
ROBERT DRENNAN.
CLERICAL KNIGHTS (4 th S. viii. 477.) I have
found another instance of a clerical knight in the
person of the Rev. Sir Robert Teat, D.D., who
received the royal licence to wear his order, as
recorded in the Gentleman's Magazine (1804),
Ixxiv. p. 973 :
" Whitehall, Oct. 2, 1804.
" Robert Teat, D.D., Rector of Ashley-cum-Solverley
and Vicar of Kirtling, co. Cambridge, permitted to accept
and wear, in his own country, the ensigns of fche Order
80
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[4 th S. IX. JAN. 2i
of St. Slani.slaus, conferred upon him Nov. 21, 1700 (by
his then description of Ilobert Teat, Esq.), by Stanislaus
Augustus, late King of Poland."
In the trial, Feb. 20, 1808, in the Court of
King's Bench, the King ivrw.s William Dearsley for
-saiilt, it was objected that in the indictment
the prosecutor was called .Sir Robert Teat, Knight,
whereas it appeared he was not a knight of this
country, and that the defendant was therefore
entitled to his acquittal. Lord Elleuborough
overruled the objection, observing
" That the order of knighthood having been confirmed,
by patent * from the King of England, no doubt what-
ever could be entertained respecting its validity. The
king is the fountain of honour ; and no one ever doubted
the knighthood of Sir Sydney Smith, with many others,
whose rank had been confirmed by the king. Had it
been written baronet, the objection would then have been
fatal." p
Rev. Sir Robert Teat, D.D., died April 20, 1887
(Gent. May. 1837, iii. 209, 662). A further ac-
count of him is given in the History and Antiqui-
of Brentford, Ealiny, and Chiswick, by Thomas
Faulkner (8vo, 1845, pp. 69-70), from which it
appears that he was Prior or Prelate of the sixth
language of the Sovereign Order of St. John of
Jerusalem as well as Senior Knight Grand Cross
of Stanislaus of Poland. The sixth, or English
language above-mentioned of the most ancient of
all the orders of knighthood, has been revived in
this country, and is a corporation with the other
seven nations or languages. Perhaps some of
your correspondents can furnish a list of the clergy
who hold this order of knighthood. L. L. H.
" BULBACEOUS " (4 th S. viii. 464.) I admit that
bulbaceous is not often met with in botanical de-
scriptions, although it appears to me to be equally
as expressive and quite as euphonic as bulbous. I
cannot see why it should not be used as well as
the word herbaceous, which enters so frequently
in the descriptions ot herbs. I would remark that
the merit of coining a new word, or the audacity
of using an improper one, is much mitigated by
the fact that all the authorities 1 have consulted
on the matter, including the recent dictionary
published by Messrs. Chambers, give the word
b/dbucp.ous with the same signification as I used
it in "Finderne Flowers" (4 th S. viii, 236.)
In return for the above, would MR. BRITTEN
give his authority for "the fact" that the Nar-
r/,s";/(s poeticm is not a Palestine plant?
If my memory serves me, Tyas, in his Flowers
from the Holy Land, gives the Narcissus poeticus
as being a native of that country.
'JAMES PEARSON.
Milnrow.
* The late Sir Charles Young in his copy of this trial
erases the word palent, and substitutes licence (which
licence I have quoted above). See A. Short Statement of
the late Trial in the Court of King's Bench, the King
^versus Dearsley, 8vo, 1809, p. 9.
RELICS OP OLIVER CROMWELL (4 th S. viii. 550.)
It may interest your correspondent Dii. lliar-
BAULT to inform him that the identical sword
worn by Oliver Cromwell at the decisive battle
of Xaseby Field, in the county of Northampton, is
preserved in the library at Dinton Hall, near
Avlesbury, the seat and property of my old friend
the Rev. James Joseph Goodall, M.A. The sword
has a long straight blade, is encased in a leathern
sheath, has a basket hilt, and very much resembles
those worn at the present day by officers in the
Highland regiments. Like that of Sir Hudibras,
a luncheon might easily be carried in the hilt.
Cromwell is recorded to have slept at Dinton
Hall on his return from Naseby Fight in 1645, and
to have left behind him this sword as a property,
not to any particular family, but to the mansion
of Dinton for ever.
Cromwell most probably came to Dinton, which
lies between Aylesbury and Thame, in order to
visit his friend Simon Mayne, at that time the
owner of the Hall, and who subsequently signed
the warrant for the decapitation of King Charles I.
In the same parish his connection Sir Richard
Ingoldsby also had an estate called Waldri
who had married Elizabeth, the daughter of Sir
Oliver Cromwell of Hinchinbrooke, in the county
of Huntingdon, a cousin of the future Protector.
Concerning Riohard, the second son of the above-
mentioned Sir Richard Ingoldsby, the very in-
credible story is narrated that Cromwell guided
his hand, and forced him to sign the death-war-
rant of the unfortunate King, smearing after-
wards his face with the pen. Was that occasion
a subject for jesting, or was Cromwell the man to
make a jest of it ? may well be asked. Ingoldsby
afterwards, seeing coining events casting their
shadows before, wisely busied himself in time in
furthering the Restoration, received a free pardon,
was created a Knight of the Bath at the corona-
tion of Charles II., and died in 1685.
An anecdote infceference to a portrait of Oliver
Lord Protector of England may be worth record-
ing and preserving in the pages of "N. Q.," as
interesting to those who hold in honour the
memory of one of England's greatest sons. Many
years ago, when being examined for Deacon's
orders at Cambridge, a young man, a Pensioner
of Sidney Sussex Colleg'e, told me the following
story : When Dr. Chafy was Master of that Col-
lege, one morning an anonymous letter was re-
ceived by him stating that, if he would cause the
dining-room in the Master's Lodge to be left un-
occupied on a certain day and hour, a fine portrait
of Cromwell would be placed there. At first,
Dr. Chafy was inclined to treat the matter as a
jest j but on second thoughts, acted as his anony-
mous correspondent desired, and to his great sur-
Erise found, after the prescribed time of absence
.cm the room had elapsed, a fine portrait of the
1 th S. IX. JAN. 27, '72. J
NOTES AND QUERIES.
81
Protector deposited ; which is still there, a con-
spicuous ornament of the room. Cromwell, as is
well known, received a portion of his education
within the walls of Sidney Sussex College, and is
one of her distinguished alumni, u I tell the tale
as told to me," without in any way vouching for
its truth or accuracy. The narrator has long since
passed away, dying the death of the hero and
the soldier at the Relief of Lucknow, in the Indian
Mutiny. JOHN PICKFORD, M.A.
Hungatc Street, Pickering.
CLEOPATRA AND OCTAVIA (4 th S. viii. 452.) Is
it possible that the dialogue about which OB-
LIVIOSUS inquires, and respecting which an edito-
rial note is given, is the following ?
" Oct You have been his ruin.
Who made him cheap at Rome, but Cleopatra ?
Who made him scorned abroad, but Cleopatra ?
At Actium, who betrayed him ? Cleopatra.
Who made his children orphans, and poor me
A wretched widow V Why Cleopatra.
Clco. Yet she who loves him best is Cleopatra.
If you have suffered, I have suffered more.
You bear the specious title of a wife
To gild your cause and draw the pitying world
To favour it ; the world contemns pool' me,
For 1 have lost my honour, lost my fame,
And stain'd the glory of my royal house,
And all to bear the branded name of mistress."
These lines are given as a heading to one of
the sections (chap. xxi. sec. 7) of a school edition
of Pinnock's Goldsmith' 1 s History of Home, by
W. C. Taylor, M.A., T.C.D., published in 1832
(perhaps also in other editions.)
The remarkable part of the matter is, that the
lines are, in this place, assigned to Dryden ;. but
after a somewhat hurried search through Sir W.
Scott's edition, I have been unable to find this, or
indeed any, passage in Dryden's works relating to
Cleopatra or her history.
Can it be that the " dialogue " was an inven-
tion for the occasion, like the "Old Play "head-
ings in the Waverley novels, and as I suspect to
be the case with one or two other scraps in the
same volume signed " Anon." ? If so, the only
question is, who was the author Dr. tinnock, or
the sub-editor, Mr. Taylor ?
It is to be observed in the above passage that
Octavia is made to complain that Cleopatra has
made her (the speaker) a widow. But according
to the received history (fabulous as it may be in
many particulars), there was very little probable
opportunity, after the death of Antony, for any
meeting between Cleopatra and Octavia. It may
perhaps be said in answer (supposing the passage
to be really part of the drama), that to the play-
wright all situations are possible. But judging
from probabilities, it seems unlikely that a master
like Dryden would so far depart from traditional
rendering as to put the expression "wretched
widow " into the mouth of Octavia, or to make
the superb sovereign of Egypt use the language
of humiliation and self-abasement. J. B. I).
[We have since discovered that the lines quoted by
J. T>. 1). an; to be found in Dryden's All for Love, or (he
World well lost, towards the close of the third act.]
LADIES OK HORSEBACK (4 th S. viii. 8, passim,
465.) In Camden's Remains, edit. 1674, p. 255:
" And Queen Anne, wife to King Richard the Second,
who first taught English women to ride on side-saddles,
when as heretofore they rid astride, brought in high head
attire piked with horns, and long trained gowns for
women."
D. C. E.
South Bcrsted.
DEESIDE (4 th S. viii. 527.) In 1831 Mr. Lewis
Smith, Aberdeen, published a Guide to the High-
lands of Deeside, by James Brown. The real
author was Dr. Joseph Robertson, who in his
early days amused himself with writing the little
book (the greater part in the schoolmaster's house
at Ballater) from the information, and in the quaint
manner, of Brown, then driver of a car on Deeside,
and afterwards keeper of the Greyfriars' church-
yard, Edinburgh. The Guide has gone through
many editions, the new matter, rendered necessary
by the great changes in travelling during the last
forty years, scarcely harmonising with the pleasant
humour of the original writer. See Mr. Smith's
preface to the edition of 1868, and' more particu-
larly the interesting sketch of Robertson's life by
his old and intimate friend Dr. George Grub, in
his Spalding Club Preface to the late anti-
quary's Collections for a History of the. Shires of
Aberdeen and Banff, &c., 1869. * I never heard of
any Guide earlier than the above, such as JAYCEE
mentions, and believe that in the last century, and
during the first quarter of the present, Deeside
was an undiscovered region to tourists.
NOEVAL CLYNE.
Aberdeen.
" MIGHT MAKES RIGHT " (4 th S. viii. 527.)
This proverbial sentiment may be found both in
Greek and Roman writers, but more frequently, I
believe, in the latter. Indeed I have not observed
it anywhere in Greek poets, and should be obliged
to your learned correspondents if they will point
out a few such passages that may have been noted
by them. The earliest trace of the idea which I
have found is in Thucyclides (iv. 86) :
yap i>irpTre? af<r%iov TO?J y
P'ia fu(f>ai'i ' TI> /jLev yap
XV ftwJfWj eTrepx^TO!, rb 5e yvw/j.fis aSiVou CTH-
PovXrj.
" For it is more disgraceful for men in high office to
mprove their private fortune by specious fraud than by
open violence. Might makes right in the one case, while
in the other man throws over his proceedings the cloak
of despicable cunning."
In Roman writers it often occurs ; thus in Plautus.
82
NOTES AND QUERIES.
IX. JAN. 27, 72.
born about B.C. 254, we have (Trucul. iv
the following expression :
Plus potest, qui plus valet ;"
and still more clearly in Lucan (i. 175) :
"Mensuraque juris
Vis erat ; "
and in Seneca (Her. Fur. 291) :
" Jus est in armis, oppriinit leges timor."
Some of your readers will recollect the a
ation of the idea by Schiller in his Wal
Camp, vi. 144 :
" Es ist hier wie in den alten Zeiten
Wo die Klinge noch alles that bedeuten.
C. T.
3, 30)
propr-
n
" QUI JACET IN TERRA NON HABET UNDE CAD AT ''
(1 st S. xii. 204.) Inquiry has already been made !
respecting the origin of this proverbial expression, '
but I do not think that a satisfactory answer has
yet appeared. It has been traced to Alanus de
fnsulis (1654). This, however, is not sufficient ;
for the question arises, where did he find it ? I
have copies of the works of many of these col-
lectors of proverbs, but they all fail in giving pre-
cise references to the original author, if the} r knew
it, so that it is often impossible to decide whether
the proverb be of their own coining or a Latin
translation of some proverb floating in the mouths
of the people. As an example of what I mean,
I may quote the following proverb, well known to
many of your readers :
" Gutta cavat lapidcrn, non vi, sed srcpe cadendo."
1 have often been asked if this be an hexameter
from some ancient classic ; and it is only lately
that I discovered that it was a line formed by
Schonheim (Proverbta ittustrata et applicata in
nnum Juventutis, &c. Leipsic, 1728.) He tells us
so himself, and that it was a translation of a pro-
verb given by Galen, which after some trouble I
found to be
KOiXaivfi pavls vSaros
This will be found torn. viii. p. 27, in the edition
of Galen by D. Carolus Gottlob Kiihn, Prof. Un.
Leips. 1821. It is translated by Kiihn thus :
" Gutta cavat lapidem saepe cadentis aquae."
I ask, therefore, whether the proverb " Qui jacet,"
&c., is a line formed by Alanus de Insulis, and if
so, where did he find the original ?
C. T. RAMAGE.
ANCIENT ENIGMA (4 th S. vii. 513 ; viii. 56, 92,
195.) This enigma the solution of which is
given by the proposer as a Lot's wife " seems to
be simply another form of an epitaph to Niobe, by
Ausonius (Epitaph. 29) :
" Habet sepulcrum non id intus mortuum,
Habet nee ipse mortuus bustum super :
Sibi sed est ipse hie sepulcrum et mortuus."
The following version (sometimes attributed to
Agathias) appears among the'
(No. 613) in Bruuck's and Jacobs's collections :
Els NIO/STJ*'.
'O TW/ujSos OUTOS evfiov OVK HX.CL VZKVV'
o i/e/cpbs OVTOS e/crbs OVK. ex^t rdcpov'
dAA' avrbs avrov veitpos etrrt Kal rdfyos.
J. B. SHAW.
MANGHAM (4 th S. viii. 323, 487.) MR. CHAR-
NOCK answers my query at p. 323 by an assertion
for which no authority is cited. The late Rev. W.
Carr, B.D., a most learned man and acute anti-
quary, had a very different derivative for the above
name, to the yuess of MR. CHARNOCK, for really
it is nothing more. Until a more satisfactory reply,
and one more to the point, is given to my note, I
shall consider that Mr. Carr's story probably may
have been founded on fact. I am acquainted with
Manninyham, and never heard it contracted to
"Mtmgham/' STEPHEN JACKSON.
" LONG PUESTON PEGGY" (4 th S. viii. 500.)
With those who have studied ballad literature
there can be only one opinion as to Mr. Har land's
supplemental verses. Mr. Peter Whittle, F.S.A.,
was famous for cobblering and tinkering old bal-
lads and MSS., and if his talent had been equal
to his industry, he might have ranked with Sur-
tees himself. He printed an edition of the Christ-
mas play of " St. George and the Dragon," and
also produced a broadside sheet of " The Blessed
Conscience" both of them "makes-up'" from
beginning, to end. I think that the verse " For
in brave deeds of arms/' &c. may be genuine. It
has a better ring than the coinage of the late Mr.
Peter Whittle. I would insert it as it is given
by MR. T. T. WILKINSON. The tune, which is
well known, requires eight lines, if the verse is
arranged in the short method given by MR. W.
But I should prefer to print in four long lines,
as the verses are given in my book, Ballads, Sfc.
of the Peasantry. Mr. Whittle has been rather
cureless about his metre. His second verse is so
constructed that no fiddler could manage it with-
out a change of tune.
I am obliged to MR. WILKINSON for his attempt
to recover the missing verses, but am compelled
to join issue with him in rejecting as spurious the
doggerel of the late Preston F.S.A.
JAMES HENRY DIXON.
GAY = WANTON (4 th S. viii. 548.) The term
gay is appropriated by ladies of a certain class,
whose appearance in police courts is not an unfre-
quent occurrence. "When questioned by the ma-
gistrate as to their occupation, the answer is
u gay," But this may be considered as confined
to the " superior " class the frequenters of Cre-
morne and the Argyll Rooms. A woman of a
lower grade more modestly calls herself " unfor-
tunate " a term invented, it is said, by a former
Bow Street magistrate. 311.
4th s. IX. JAN. 27, 72.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
83
JAMES REDDIE AND JOHN REDDIE (4 th S. viii.
548.) Of James Keddie (the father), who died
April 5, 1852, a very full memoir is given in The
Law Revieiv (1852), xvii. 63, 69. He is noticed
in Lord Brougham's Life, i. 16, 240-243 ; Memoirs
of Francis Homer, i. 21, 222-225 ; Life of Francis
Jeffrey, i. 138, 139 ; Steven's Hist, of High School
of Edinburgh (12mo, 1849), Appendix, p. 218.
John Reddie (the son) was Chief Judge of the
Small Debts Court at Calcutta, and died Nov. 28,
1851. (Gent. Mag. (1852), xxxvii. 208; The Law
7?mew(1852),xv.444; xvii. 68-69; Hist, of Specu-
lative Soc. of Edinburgh, p. 307. L. L. H.
SCALES AND WEIGHTS (4 th S. viii. 372, 462.)
I have a somewhat similar box to these, with a
date upon one of the weights. They are seven in
number: First, one with 21-s. and 5.9. (as I read
it) stamped on both sides. This, I believe, was
the weight of the standard guinea up to a certain
period. Secondly, one with 5.8 " Westwood "
and an anchor stamped on the one side, and the
words "coined since 1771" upon the other.
Thirdly, one with 10s. Qd. and 2.16^ (as I read it)
on each side. The other three are very small, of
different sizes, without letters or figures, but with
a different [number of stars punched upon each,
and I presume are make-weights to show the de-
ficiency in any light coin weighed. These scales
and weights were (as I have been informed by an
aged relative, who once used them) simply to
test the old guineas and half-guineas they had
any doubts about. C. CHATTOCK.
Haye House, Castle Bromwich.
OEIGIN OP " LIVERPOOL" (4 th S. viii. passim.')
At p. 536 of the last volume of N. & Q." your
correspondent derives the name of Liverpool from
the pool of the liver, a sort of heron or crane once
known there. The liver is the plant which, if not
so still, used to be preserved and eaten. On the
old Liverpool halfpence is the bird, a crane or
heron, with a sprig of the plant in its bill. Motto,
" Deus nobis ha3c otia fecit." I cannot say that I
think the plant good to the palate. W. (1.)
WATCH PAPERS (4 th S. viii. 451, 539.)
William Teanby, schoolmaster and tax-collector
at Winterton in 1 Lincolnshire, used to write
manuscript watch-papers with a crowquill. One
at least of these is in existence. It contains the
Lord's Prayer, written in a space the size of a
shilling, in horizontal lines, and round it, in a spiral
line beginning outside, the Apostles' Creed ; round
this again in a circle " William Teanby whim
written by him in the 87th year of his age. 1802."
Among the unpublished engravings of the late
William Fowler of Winterton is a miniature
silhouette of George III. enclosed in a wreath of
olive branches, roses, and palm branches, outside
which, in a circle, are the words " May he live '
longer than I have time to tell his years, ever
belov'd and loving may his rule be, and
old Time shall lead him to his end, Goodness and
i he fill up one monument." And outside this, in
another circle, the collect " O God, whose never-
failing providence," &c., in allusion to the coni-
! mon belief that the king had repeated this when
he escaped assassination. These were printed
and coloured on white satin, and often given by
I my grandfather to his friends to keep in their
watches. Queen Charlotte and the Princesses
i Elizabeth, Augusta, and Mary were so pleased
; with them that they told him they would insert
i them in their Prayer Books, " that 'they might
always see them at their devotions." J. T. F.
Hatfield Hall, Durham.
The excellent verses on a watch-case printed
in your last volume (p. 539), and beginning with
the words
" Could but our tempers move like this machine," &c.,
were writen by Mr. (commonly called Dr.) Byrom,
and are printed in p. 341, vol. i. of his poems.*
Though certainly no poet in its higher sense,
some of his smaller pieces are very good.
W. (1.)
The following lines came under my notice when
a schoolboy, about 1835 ; and so struck my fancy
that, by frequently reading them, I committed
them to memory. There were indeed in the
watch-case several papers, but I remember only
the contents of this one :
" Onward, perpetually moving,
These faithful hands are ever proving
How quick the hours steal by.
This momentary pulse-like beating
Is constantly, methinks, repeating
' Swift, swift, the moments fly ! '
Ready, be ready ! for perchance before
These hands have formed one revolution more,
Life's spring is snapt you die ! "
A. K.
Almondbury.
This inscription is kept down by a piece of
crimson satin, in the old shagreen case of a family
watch. The verses are from Milman's Poems;
but are so appropriate for the purpose that, if not
curious from antiquity, I transcribe them :
t( It matters little at what hour o' the day
The righteous fall asleep ; death cannot come
To him imtimely who is fit to die.
The less of this cold world, the more of heav'n ;
The briefer life, the earlier immortality."
THUS.
THE WAISTCOAT POCKET A SNTJFF-BOX (4 th S.
viii. 370, 461, 557.) The late Joshua Brookes,
F.R.S., the king of dissectors in days, or rather
nights, when subjects were snatched, and therefore
* Manchester, 2 vols. 12mo, 1773. (See some notices
of his life in Drake's Essays, iii. 215.)
84
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[4th S. IX. JAN. 27, '72.
always ktale, copiously used his left-hand waist-
coat pocket (lined with leather) as a snuff-box.
JOHN PIKE.
SEVEN DIALS (4 th S. viii. 454, 554.) Gay, in
his Trivia ; or, the Art of Walking the Streets of
London, book ii. (1st edit., n. d., p. 26), thiis
alludes to this well-known locality :
" Where fam'd Saint Giles's ancient Limits spread,
An inrail'd Column rears its loftv Head ;
Here to sev'n Streets sev'n Dials" count the Day,
And from each other catch the circling Ray."
The column and dials were removed in June,
1773, and remained in the hands of a stone-
mason for many years. My great-grandfather,
who was a clockinaker in Great St. Andrew's
Street in the " Dials," traded largely with Hol-
land, and made what were then called "Twelve-
tuned Dutchmen" viz. clocks which played
twelve tunes, with moving figures variously oc-
cupied, having- scenery painted behind them. One
of these clocks had a representation of Neale's
column with its sun-dials. I have seen it, but
unfortunately do nut possess a specimen.
In 1822 the column was purchased by the local
authorities of Weybridge in Surrey, and, after
having been surmounted with a ducal coronet,
was set up on Weybridge Green as a memorial to
the Duchess of York, who died at Oatlands in
1820. There, I believe, it still remains. The
Dial, when I saw it (some ten years since), formed
a stepping-stone at the adjoining Ship Inn.
EDWARD R HIMBAULT.
[See Murray's Handbook of Surrey, where it is stated
that, for some unknown purpose, the column was re-
moved from the " Seven Dials " to Sayes Court, a house
not far distant from Weybridge, where it lay neglected
for some years, till made to serve the present purpose.
The stone belonging to it, that gave directions as to the
localities of the " Seven Dial?," may still be"seen on the
green, close to the public-house. ED.]
ODD CHANGES OP MEANING (4 th S. viii. 525.)
As a pendant to the trwo quotations let me add
the following : Spending this Christmas in " our
village," I was told that ihe vicar's daughter, who
was very proud of her Bible-class, inquired of one
of her pupils in a srnockfrock how Queen Sheba
came to Solomon ? He replied, " By the railway,
Miss." On asking for an explanation she received
answer, ft Because, Miss, the Bible says she came
to Jerusalem with a very great train."
CLARUY.
OLD BAGS (4 th S. viii. 164, 234, 288, 381, 445, 551.}
If the peg upon which so many versions of this
jeu ff esprit have been hung is not quite worn out
may I be allowed to hang yet one more from a
memory which, although perhaps older than that
of most of your contributors, is not yet entirely
exhausted. I would premise by an expression
belief that the original underwent many altera-
tions before the real and final text was settled. I
also believe that the following is the matured
form in which it was recorded :
" Mr. Leach made a speech
Angry, neat, and wrong ; *
Mr. Hart, on the other part,
Was learned, dull, and long ;
Mr. Trower spoke for an hour,
And then sat down quite hot ; f
Mr. Bell \ spoke very well,
But nobody knew about what :
Mr. Parker made the case darker,
Which was dark enough without ;
Mr. Cooke cited a book,
And the Chancellor said ' I doubt.' "
OCTOGENARIAN.
LADY GRIZELE BAILLE (4 th S. viii. 451.) In
the year 1822 there was issued
; Memoirs of the Lives and Characters of the Eight
Honourable George Baillie of Jerviswood, and of Lady
Gristle Baillie. By their Daughter, Lady Murr.iy of
Stanhope/'
It was edited, with a preface and an appendix
of documents, by Thomas Thomson, advocate. It
was printed for presents, but republished for sale
in 1824. T. G. S.
Edinburgh.
" LIGHT CHRISTMAS" (4 th S. ix. 13.) In Bonn's
Handbook of Proverbs (London, I860, p. 4) there
is " A light Christmas, a heavy sheaf."
J. MANUEL.
Newcastle-on-Tyne.
MOLESWORTH MEDAL (4 th S. ix. 14.) The in-
cident commemorated by this medal occurred at
the battle of Ramilies, May 23, 170G, and is nar-
rated at p. 413 of Coxe's Memoirs of the Duke of
Marlborouyh, 1847. J. W. F.
MRS. STEPHENS'^ MEDICINES (4 th S. ix. 15.)
C. A. W. will find some account of Mrs. Ste-
phens and her medicines in the late Dr. Paris's
Pharmacologia (9th ed. 1843) at pp. 90 and 345.
Mrs. Joanna Stephens was granted 5000/. by
Parliament " for her discovery of certain medicines
for the cure of the stone," as notified in the Lon-
don Gazette for June 1739.
Her "once celebrated nostrum consisted of
lime, obtained by the calcination of the shells of
eggs and snails, and made into pills with soap.
A decoction was also administered consisting of
chamomile, fennel, parsley, and burdock, together
with a portion of Alicant soap."
Dr. Paris (p. 90) gives the following MS an
instance of the cases in which effects from natural
causes have been erroneously attributed to those
of art :
"Upon Mrs. Stephens offering her remedy for the
stone to Parliament, a committee of professional men was
* These lines are perfectly photographic ; they describe
exactly Mr. Leach's character as a pleader.
f Mr. Trower was stout, and fteispiml when he spoke.
j No report of a chancery suit of the period in question
would bo pomploto unless Mi\ Bell's name appeared in it.
4* S. IX. JAN. 27, 72.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
85
nominated to ascertain its efficacy ; a patient with sto
was selected, and he took the remedy; his sufferings we
soon relieved, and, upon examining the bladder in t
usual way, no stone could be felt: it was, thereto
agreed that the patient had been cured, and that t
.stone had been dissolved. Some time afterwards th
patient died, and, on being opened, a large stone w
found in a pouch formed by a part of the bladder, am
which communicated with it."
T. D. H
CIIOWBENT (4 th S. ix. 13.) This name ca
scarcely be of Keltic origin. According to Bain
(Hist. Lane,) it means "the bent or common o
Chow or Chew " ; but the first part of the nan
may refer to the chough, "Bent, a coarse kind o
grass growing on hilly ground" (Lightfoot) ; " th
open field, the plain " (S. Douglas) ; "Bintz, Un
is a rush, j^mcus, scirpus " (Jamieson).
R. S. CHARNOCK.
Gray's Inn.
COPY OF AN EXCOMMUNICATION (4 th S. vii
260.) It will be interesting to TEWAKS to know
that this document appeared in a newspaper a
well as in the parish register of Hampreston
My copy gives the date the excommunication wa
issued viz. " The 10th day of August in the yea
of our Lord Christ 1758." J. JEREMIAH.
TIPTERERS (4 th S. ix. 15.) The letters c and
s 1 and t, and sometimes even d and b being inter
changeable, it is possible that the word tipterei
might corrupt from .the Gaelic cidhisear, one in a
mask, a guiser. R. S. CHARNOCK.
Gray's Inn.
<< THE WIDOW GREGORY " (4 th S. viii. 502.)
This imitation of one of Beranger's songs was
written many years ago ; so long, indeed, that J
cannot call to mind where it appeared. I have
made a revise which is more literal, and conse-
quently less paraphrastic. The following are
changes that I have made, and a list of errata
that are in the printed version. In the first verse
read
" The widow Gregory, famed in rhyme,"
Second verse, read
" She spake of her husband tenderly,
And tears fell big as the drops of dew."
Third verse, read " exceeding smart." The
metre requires this substitution. ;
Fourth verse, for "warrant" read "mandate."
Fifth verse, read
" We settled the time for our wedding day,
The price of the inn, and its stock in trade ;
We plannM a nice love-trip far awav,
And all our schemes for the future laid."
Sixth verse. There should be a semicolon after
the word " month " ; and none after the word
" call " a comma only. JAMES HENRY DIXON.
NOVELISTS' FLOWERS (4 th S. viii. 549.) The
marsh marigold, CaHha pah/Mris, is probably the
first-named flower. Lychnidea is the correct Eng-
lish name for the phlox, strange as the assertion
sounds, and was in common parlance as such per-
haps thirty years ago. Perhaps the name came
from America with the plant. As to the field
bulrush and the mezereon that a child was lifted
up to on a gate, I recommend a direct application
to the author. P. P.
DORSETSHIRE EAMMILK (4 th S. viii. 415, 485.)
The word rammilk is only used in districts where
Anglo-Saxon lingers, hence a strong inference that
it is derived from Anglo-Saxon. If the deriva-
tion were raw milk, the word would be used and
known in other counties. liaio materials is a
modern expression, and it is in the highest degree
improbable that the archaic word contains the
modern idea.
JSlue-vined is simply blue-veined. The epithet
is also applied to &, person out of humour <f not
i' the vein." C. G. J. REKYK.
MIDLOTHIAN VALUATION ROLL (4 th S. viii.
480.) There was issued in 1814
The Valuation Book, or Roll of the County of Mid-
lothian for the year 1726, compared with the Rolls for
1702 and 1738, together with the Rectified Valuation for
:he year 1814. Drawn up by William Macfarlane, W.S.
Large folio. ' Not printed for sale.' "
The Roll for 1736 I have never seen.
T. G. S.
Edinburgh.
"A REMONSTRANCE ADDRESSED TO HENRY
BROUGHAM, EY ONE OF THE WORKING CLERGY "
4 th S. viii. 528), was by Archdeacon (afterwards
>ishop) Blomtield. See his Memoir, 2nd edit.
1864, p. 62. J. F. S.
ELWES THE MISER (4 th S. viii. 548.) Your
correspondent HARDRIC MORPIIYN mentions that
the father of Elwes the miser was Robert Meg-
gott," and that the former was at one time member
'or Abingdon, and resided at Marcham. It is
uite true that he did the latter, and that the
Juftield family, through a marriage with a Miss
lwes, the daughter of the miser's eldest son,
nherited this place from the Elwes or Meggott
imily ; but of the former it is not true. He (the
niser) was never member for Abingdon that I am
ware of. He was member for the county of
Berkshire for about thirteen years, from 1774 to
787. His grandfather, Sir George Meggot, was
i ember for South wark according to Ed. Topham,
(Life of the late John Elwes, Esq., eye., by
dward Topham, Esq., 6th edit. 1790.)
DUDLEY CARY-ELWES, F.S.A.
South Bersted.
ArECHiLD, ESSEX ? (4 th S. viii. 549.) I think,
? WALTHBOF looks at Morant's Essex (ii. 84) and
)ugdale's Baronage (i. 184), he will find the
ace mentioned. I came across this name in a
tter of Queen Margaret of Anjou, and after-
86
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[4"' S. IX. JAN. 27, 72.
wards had a note from the Rev. James Hutchin-
son of Fleshy, from which I enclose an extract:
" Apechild Park is now, doubtless, Absol Park. You
will find it in the Ordnance Map. It lies on the right-
hand side of the road from Chelmsford to Dtinmow, about
three or four miles from the latter place. The park is
gone the farm (I think) belongs to Guy's Hospital.
The present house is modern. The ancient mansion was
surrounded by a moat, which still exists."
CECIL MONRO.
Hadley, N.
WEIRLEIGH, KENT? (4 th S. viii. 549.) To this
query I suspect the only answer that can be given
is, that it is the home of the well-known artist
Harrison William Weir, who has called the land
after his own name. C. H. W.
GRADUAL DIMINUTION OF PROVINCIAL DIALECTS
(4 th S. viii. 415, 488.) Education is making ter-
rible havoc with our dialects; but what strikes
me as a noteworthy symptom of the progress of
the age is the way the country-people enjoy the
burlesquing of their own dialect, instead of being
affronted at it. In Lancashire what are called
" penny readings " are a very popular entertain-
ment, though there is too much music introduced
to make " readings " quite a descriptive name.
The papular pieces, instead of being those of a
better and higher class of literature, such as the
clergy read, are comic stories told in the broadest
Lancashire : and the man who can do this the
best, and raise most laughter, is generally the
pet reader of the evening. P. P.
" PARENT OF SWEETEST SOUNDS," ETC. (4 th S.
ix. 38.) The correct reading of the line inquired
for is
" Parent of sweetest sounds, yet mute for ever."
It is the last line of Macaulay's celebrated enigma,
which is as follows :
" Cut off my head, and singular I am,
Cut off my tail, and plural I appear ;
Cut off my head and tail, and, wondrous fact,
Although my middle's left, there's nothing there !
" What is my head cut off ? A sounding sea ;
What is my tail cut off? A rushing river ;
And in their mingling depths I fearless play,
Parent of sweetest sounds, yet mute for ever."
F. C. H.
CHANGEABLE SILK (4 th S. ix. 37) can be nothing
else than what now goes by the name of " shot
silk," which consists of two colours woven toge-
ther, and shows one or other of these colours
according as the light falls on the material.
NOELL RADECLIFFE.
[A correspondent suggests that W. A. S. R. should refer
to Halliwell's Archaic Diet., 2 vols. Lond. 1868.]
COLONEL (4 th S. viii. 434, 519.) Wedgwood
appears to be right in this, as he so often is.
Coronal is first captain. Our present pronuncia-
tion, kur-nel, could hardly be derived from colonel.
Cornel, on the contrary, yields it easily ; and as
in English we generally take the less open sounds,
the o would soon be converted into u. What
Brantdme says of colonels being crowned by the
king, is probably a fancy created for accommoda-
tion's sake. If any such thing existed, it would
be more likely that the chief captain would have
a crown embroidered upon his accoutrements for
the sake of distinction. It would be interesting
to know how the Italian colonnello came about.
It looks to me as if it must be a word improperly
adopted by the Italians from the Spaniards. For
to call the head of the column the column, or
colonnello "little column," is like calling the
capital the pillar or pilaster. A coronal is head
of his troop, whether in column or as a battalion
in fighting line. C. A. W.
Mayfair, W.
DEKER (4 th S. viii. 328, 424, 540.) The pecu-
liar numeration quoted by MR. BLENKINSOPP, as
used by shepherds on the Stanhope moors, is
Welsh, slightly corrupted. U. O N.
Respecting the curious numeration in use among
the Westmorland shepherds, mentiened by MR.
BLENKINSOPP, may it not be a lingering trace of
the old Cymric occupation of the country, which
once formed part of the kingdom of the Strath-
clyde Britons ? This view would seem to be sup-
ported by the great resemblance between certain
of these numerals and the Welsh. For instance :
yan = W T . un = 1 ; fip = W. pump = 5 ; dick =
W. deg = 10 ; yan-a-dick = W. un-ar-deg = one
upon ten = 11 ; bumford = W. bumtheg = 15 ;
jiggot = W. ugain = 20. CYMRO.
Birmingham.
J. HOLWORTHY (4 th S. viii. 417, 489.) There
was an inaccuracy or two in the note at p. 489,
which it will be well to correct. J. Holworthy
married Anne Wright, daughter of Dr. Richard
Wright, and niece to Wright of Derby. For some
time they resided at Green Hill, Derby, Mrs.
Holworthy's sister Hannah Wright residing with
them. In 1823-4 he purchased the Brookfield estate
near Hathersage, Derbyshire, and afterwards pur-
chased other adjoining properties. The hall was
built by Mr. Holworthy in 1826. Mr. Holworthy
was an artist of considerable merit, a great art
student, and was intimately associated with the
artists and connoisseurs of his day ; and I believe
was a member of the Old Water-colour Society.
J. W. M. Turner, who was on intimate terms
with Mr. Holworthy, on presenting him with a
drawing, remarked, " And here's another for your
wife ; for I suppose you must each have one."
These drawings were sold by auction, March 19,
1868 one, a coast scene, sunrise, with auto-
graph letter, for 340/. ; the other, a mountainous
scene, with sheep and goats, for 200/. ; both mea-
suring thirteen inches by nine.
Mr. Holworthy died in London. June 1841,
4* S. IX. JAN. 27, '72.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
87
$nd was interred at the Kensal Green Cemetery
June 1841. Mrs. Holworthy, who was also ar
artist of some merit, died November 28, 1842, anc
was "buried in St. Alkmunds, Derby.
W. BEMROSE, JTJN.
SCOTTISH KETOURS (4 th S. viii. 453, 555.) I
feel much obliged to your correspondent ESPE-
DAKE for his clear and satisfactory reply to my
query on the above. Having no additional in-
formation on the subject I cannot settle the diffi-
culty whether the charter of 1490 was feudalised
or not, and therefore agree with ESPEDARE in
thinking it more probable that William K of
1547 was the son rather than the great-grandson
of James of 1490. C. S. K.
St. Peter's Square, Hammersmith, W.
ASHEN FAGOT: DEVONSHIRE CHRISTMAS Evr
CUSTOM (4 th S. viii. 547.) Being intimately ac-
quainted with West Somersetshire and parts of
I )evonshire, I venture to correct a portion of
KBLLETT - TULLY'S statement with respect to
ashen faggots. The strands are not formed of
" straw, hay, or some such material," but of stout
withies, Avhich after a time " 'give " with a loud
report. These bands are placed as close together
as possible, and the custom, as far as I have
noticed it, is for the farmer to give his labourers
a quart of cider as each strand bursts from the
action of the tire. Should, however, two or more
explode simultaneously, only a single quart is
given. To counteract this unhappy result con-
siderable ingenuity is exercised by the labourers
in using withies of different degrees of size and
strength. The ashen faggot is far superior to the
yule log, and though to see it in perfection an
open hearth is requisite, still its size can easily be
accommodated to the modern grate. Ash is the
only wood that burns well when green, and the
fresher it is cut the more sprightly the flame. I
do not think that any one who has once seen the
joyous lianie of the ashen faggot will be likely to
allow this old custom to die out, thouo-h the cider
part of it may, with advantage, be omitted.
J. CHARLES Cox.
Hazelwood, Belper.
WAS DR. JOHNSON A SNUFF-TAKER ? (4 th S.
viii. 264, 338, 446, 534.) Beckford was only ten
years old when his father died (June 21, 1770).
Is the story of the gratuitous insult offered to his
lather and himself likely to be true, and did Dr.
Johnson, in Taxation no Tyranny, 1775, only re-
peat in print an old sarcasm when he wrote, "If
slavery be thus fatally contagious, how is it that
we hear the loudest yelps for liberty among the
drivers of negroes ? " This is quoted by Boswell
in the same paragraph with the question, "Where
did Bockford and Trecothick learn English ? " Or
did Beckford junior brood over this till he ima-
gined the story of the insult ? W. G.
NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.
The Gospel according to St. Mark, in Anglo- Saxon and
Northumbrian Versions synoptically arranged, with
Collations exhibiting all the Readings of all ih>>. MSS.
Edited for the Syndics of the University Press l/
the Rev. Walter W. Skeat, M.A., Assistant Tutor and
late Fellow of Christ College, and Author of a Mceso-
Gothic Glossary. (Rivingtons.)
Students of Anglo-Saxon will remember that some
years since the Syndics of the Cambridge University
Preys determined on publishing an exhaustive edition of
the Gospels as transmitted to us in the leading dialt.ris
of ancient England as planned by Mr. Keniblc, and
entrusted thefirst portion of it, the Gospel of St. Matthew,
to that accomplished scholar. Mr. Kemble's labours
were interrupted by various causes, and at his death in
1<S57 the completion of the work was undertaken by Mr.
Hardwick. The work before us forms the second portion
of the same important undertaking ; and as the circum-
stances attending the publication of St. Matthew's Gospel
did not afford a favourable opportunity for discussing
the peculiarities of the MSS., or even of explaining the
general design by which their readings are synoptically
exhibited, the Editor of the present portion supplies the
necessary information ; and his preface, his description
of the MSS., of the printed editions, and his explanation
of the manner in which the present text, readings, &c.
have been arranged, prove that in selecting Mr. Skeat
for the work before us the Syndics have shown excellent
judgment, and secured an edition of the Anglo-Saxon
Gospels which will be prized by scholars and a credit to
the University.
Miscellanea Antiqua Anglicana. The Old Hook Collec-
tor's Miscellany, Part V. Containing the History of
Prince Rudapanthus, and Title-pages, to complete Vol. I.
(Reeves & Turner.)
Tlie same, Part VI., containing The Life of Long Meg
of Westminster ; A True and Certain Relation of a
Strange Birth ; Murther ! Murther ! ; The Character
of a Town Gallant; Poor Robin's True Character of a
Scold. (Reeves & Turner.)
If readers of the present day are not familiar with the
once popular writings of our forefathers, it is not the
fault of enterprising publishers ready to apply their
capital, and intelligent editors ready to devote their time
and knowledge, to the effective reproduction of such
works. Some time since we called attention to the
Second Part of The Old Book Collector's Miscellany,
which contained a reprint of The Trimming of Thomas
Nash. We have now to bring under the notice of our
readers the Fifth and Sixth Parts, the appearance of
which may be taken as evidence that Mr. Hindley's
ilan of a Series of Reprints of the more popular Tracts
jf the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries has met with
;he approval of a large number of subscribers. We doubt
lie propriety of reprinting Mr. Adey Repton's pretended
)lack-letter History of Prince Rudapanthus; but the
>pening number of the new volume makes ample amends.
The Life of Long Meg of Westminster is a picture of the
social condition of the metropolis, curiously illustrative
>f popular manners and customs at the close of the six-
eenth century, well worth the half-crown which is the
>rice of the whole: such Part containing, in addition, a
urious notice of the birth of two boys at Plymouth,
nined together much after the fashion of the Siamese
^wins, and three other tracts.
88
NOTES AND QUERIES.
I' 4 th S. IX. JAX. 27, 72.
Scholasticufi. Sons and Daughters. A Guide to
Parents in the C/ioice of Educational Institutions, fyc.
by K. Kemp Philp. (Virtue & Co.)
The above title sufficiently indicates the purpose of the
compiler, and the information given seems most full on
all points. Inasmuch as Eton by-the-by Dr. Goodford
is Provost, not Principal and Harrow, amongst others
too numerous to name, have supplied the desired in-
formation, we camiot.doubt:, but that similar institutions,
now conspicuous by their absence, will put in an ^ appear-
ance- in any future "editions of the Index Sckalutfau.
The History and Antiquities of the Col/cyiate Church of
Tamivortli. By C. F. li. Palmer. (Simpkin, Marshall,
&Co.)
This result of twenty years' labour can hardly fail to
commend itself to those to whom it is more particularly
addressed the inhabitants of Tamwortb as in it are
tr.-iced the annals of their church (one of the finest in the
county and formerly collegiate) from its earliest founda-
tion. A view is given of a singular double staircase in
the youth-west turret of the tower.
IT may lie some satisfaction to those interested in the
subject to know that a praiseworthy effort is now being
made to furnish St. Paul's Cathedral with altar-plate
worthy of the church, and in place of that which, readers
of Dean Mil man's Annuls will remember, was carried oil
by thieves in the early part of the present century.
Members of the Cathedral stall' amongst them our cor-
iv^pondrni (lidlKV. \Y. SrAKKO\v SIMPSON arc included
in the body of contributors of the plate, which has been
exhibited during the past week at the establishment of
the manufacturers, Messrs. Lias & Son, Salisbury Court,
Fleet Street. The alms dish, 2 ft. 3 in. in diameter,
presented by Mr. J.AY. Butterworth, F.S.A., is par-
ticularlv worthy of remark, as having for its centre sub-
ject KaOaelle's cartoon, St. Paul preaching at Athens,
splendidly reproduced.
THK Birminr/ham Gazette states that at the next meet-
ing of the Kidderminster Town Council, a motion will be
made proposing that some memorial be erected to the
memory of Richard Baxter.
THE annual editions of those useful publications, De-
brett's Peerage and Baronetage, works well and favour-
ably known before George III. was king, will be issued
in the course of a few davs.
BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES
WANTED TO PURCHASE.
Particulars of Price, &c., of the following books to be sent direct to
the jrciitlcmcn by whom they are required, whose names aiid addresses
are given for that purpose :
THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGA/IXK. Vol. XIV. 1840.
Wanted by Jfr. II'. If. James Wialc, Ter Bailie, Bruges, Belgium.
LIST OF TIII; CITY OK LONDON Lnurr HOHSI; VOUJNTKKUS AT TUE
UKUJXXixo OF THIS C'EVrUKY. Published by Elfin-ham Wilson.
Wanted by Messrs. ll< iiniiiuhrtiii <*> 7/o/7/x,G, Mount Street,
Grosvcnor Square, London.
ASTRONOMICAL REGISTER. Vol.1.
Wanted by Rev. J. C. Jackson, 13, Manor Terrace, Ainhurst Iload,
Hackney, E.
to
LAXCASHIRK. The old ballad, " Farewell Manchester"
bus alrcudi/ Ix'c.ii inquired after in " X. it (>." o rd S. ii.
468 ; 4"' S. i. MO, 2_'n, <12o, 547. Mr. Chajijicll, a, y,tnd
mithiii////, ln'licrc.s it tt> be " irrt'corerubty lost." Xcc
Popular Musk- of the (H.lcn Time, ii.
N. 11. Gil FAi:i> (Stivatham). On forms fur a liliraiy
catalogue consult " X. & Q." 3 >d S. viii. 3'Jo, 540 ; ix. 69.
II. WEED (Hackney.) Our best tlianlts. T/tc svny has
been forwarded to our correspondent,
E. II. (PiOxborongh Moy.) The French son;/ Mal-
brouck " has been attributed to Madann' ilc, AVr////^;. See
" N. & Q." 1 S. ix. 56 ; 3 1 '' 1 S. vii. 128.
H. E. B. (Louth.) By the canons published at the com-
mencement of the. reign, of James /., 1003, it was ordered
"that the Ten Commandments be set up on the east end of
every church and chapel" Canon Ixxxii.
F. K. (Ash ford.) The nuotation n-ill be found in Ten-
nyson, In Mcmotiam, xxvii.
C. W. Mr. Jjiniis Doxat. fonnerlii connected iritli The
Morning Chronich: and The Observer, dial at his re-
sidence, l.', (^tn-eii's Crvscfiit, Jlaverstndt Hill, un March
4, 1871, nifcil ninety-eight. We had nolici'il thai lite papers
durinij tin' i> ist /ci'c/{ hail confounded hint, irit/i ttnotlu-r Mr.
Lewis Dn.i'at, a city incrc/iant, tclio died at 8U, Harii y
Street, on the 17th inst. a(jed eight//- four.
ERRATUM. 4 th S.ix. p. 52, col. ii. line 22, /V "church "
read " chapel."
NOTICE.
We be- leave to state that we decline to return comnni'i.
which, 1br any reason, we do not print; and to this rule we can make no
All Communications should be addressed to tiio Kditor at thv >
43, Wellington Street, \V.C.
To all communications shonhl be affixed the name and add
lor, not necessarily for publication, but as a ^uaraivtee oi
"Like all {rrand concei'tions, tlie process is renni impli-
city." This was said I
tin- !: ( u:ii)les ladies
and gentlemen to sen, excliange, or buy every de
witli ea.se, security, and without making their names public. Specimen
cpy, containing full directions, post free, for two penny stamps
. Wellington Street, Strand, London.
WATSON'S OLD MAESALA WINE, guar
the finest imported, free from acidity or heat, and much supe-
rior to low-priced Sherry (r/oV J)r. Druitt on t'/<'/' /!'/'/<*>. One
Guinea per dozen. Selected dry Tarragona, !.*. ix-r dozen. Terms
cash. Three dozen rail paid. W. 1).' WATSON, Wine Merchant,
373, Oxford Street (entrance in Berwick Street), London, W. Esta-
blished 18-11. Full Price Lists post free on application.
A GEEDA'S FINE PALE SHEEEIES, 24s., 30*.,
f\ and 3t;,s. per Dozen, to be tasted, and price list had of all other
Wines, Spirits, and Liqueurs, at
DOTES JO'S Depot, 19, Swallow Street, Piccadilly. Succ,
Kw. 1 , UT & Co., Wine Merchants to Her Majesty.
HEDGES & BUTLER
TNVITE attention to the following WINES and
_L SPIRITS:-
Good Sherry, Pale or Gold 20s. 24s. 305. 3Gs. 42. 1 --. per doz.
Very Choice Sherry 48. :,\s. r.n.i. 72*. per doz.
Port of various Ajrcs 2i.s. 30,i. . pcrdox.
Good Claret li. 14s. 18.v. 20x. 2ix. per do/.
Choice Dessert Clarets :;o.i. ;.,-. .per doz.
Sparkling Champagne . i vr doz.
Hock and Moselle 21*. 3(),i.
Old Pale Brandy . jicrdoz.
Fine Old Irish and Scotch Whisky . ;-cr doz.
Wines in Wood. Gallon. Octave,
s. (/. ' s. (I.
PaleSherry 9 6 6 :> o
Good Sherry 11 6 800
Choice Sherry 17 6 11 10 o
OldSherry 23 .0 It i:>
GoodPort 11 K 815
Fine Port 14 G 10 5
Old Port 2) 6 13 If)
Qtr. Cask. 1 i
.-. d.
12 23 10
15 10 30 10
l-i 10 44 10
2!)
17 .
20 00 3
27 03
Old Pale Brandy 21? . 24s. 30*-. 30s. i>er imperial gallon.
On receipt of a Post Office Order, or reference, any Quantity will be
orwarded immediately by
UMiXiKS & BUTL.EIJ,
LONI' ~ I'KKKT, W.
liri-hi Koad.
(Originally Established A.D. 1667.)
4* S . ix. FKB. 3, '72.]
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
89
LONDON, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 3, 1872.
CONTENTS. N 214.
NOTES : Gourmand : Gourmet, 89 " Chambers's Ency-
clopaedia" : Mr. Solomon Lowe, Ib. Milton's Use of the
Superlative : Children's Language, 90 Letter of Frederick
the Great, 91 Man a Microcosm Fictitious Names of
Authors Burns's 'Prentice Han' First Newspaper
Report by Electric Telegraph Boustrapa Lord Bacon's
Adaptation of Shakespeare Tennyson's "Death of the
Old Year " Inscriptions Mary Lamb, 91.
QUERIES: "The Father's own Son," 92 "Board"
Anne Boleyn's Mother: F. Nanciaat Clare's Remains :
Old Ballads Rev. Anthony Davidson, M.A. Lady Alice
Egertou Engravings The First Englishwoman ever in
Pekin Governor : Viceroy Heralds' College at Copen-
hagen Horneck and Jessamy La Fontaine Manx
Quotations Old Maps of London Mary Queen of Scots
Mauther Dr. T. R. Nash Numismatic Blunders
Psalm cix. Quotations wanted Sandal- wood "The
Saresons Grounde " Toruiater The " Victory " Writ
of Henry III. to John of Monmouth Miss Ward Samuel
Webbe, Sen., 93.
REPLIES : - Brederode Family, 96 Umbrellas, 97 The
Doctrine of Celticism, Ib. Burials in Gardens, !S
Derby or Darby, 99 "With Helmet on his Brow," Ib.
Jervis : Jar vis Staithe Change of Baptismal Names
Punishment of Mutiny Battle of Flodden Field
Blue-vinid Cheese The Duke of Wellington and the
Bishop of London Battle of Harlaw Miss Edgewortu
Taaffe Family Rudston Monolith Bosweil " A
pretty Kettle of Fish " Walpoliana Harleian Society
" Speel " " Not lost, but gone before " " Great Griefs
are silent " " Progress " : " Trafalgar " : " Dunsinane "
Council of Ephesus, &.C., 100.
Notes on Books, &c.
GOURMAND : GOURMET.
A short time ago, amongst a small circle of
friends, the question was propounded as to the
exact meaning of the above words. Nine out of
ten considered that, radically, they conveyed the
same idea : gourmand meaning a glutton, a vora-
cious eater; and gourmet, an epicure of more
delicate taste. On reference to authorities, it ap-
peared that the idea of gourmand was correct, but
that gourmet has nothing to do with eating at all ;
being, according to Tarver, "a judge, connoisseur
of wine." It is difficult to get rid of the idea
that the latter syllable of gourmet is connected
with mets, a dish or mess.
The actual history of these two words is very
curious. They have really no connection what-
ever with each other, the resemblance in sound
being purely accidental.
Gourmand, yourmandize, are found in Ben Jon-
son, Spenser, and other English writers of the six-
teenth century, in the sense of eating voraciously.
The spelling is indifferently yormand or gour-
mand. There is reason to believe that the word
came to us from the French, as it can be traced in
that language much farther back. In a letter
dated 1392 A.D., quoted by Ducange, occurs the
following passage: "Le jour devant que icellui
prestre trespassast, il avoit beu et yormande par
tout le jour."
The word is really Celtic, and is found in the
Baa-Breton and Welsh in the form of yonnont,
from gorm, fulness, cramming.
The history of gourmet is more singular. The
word yuma, in all the Teutonic tongues, meant
originally "a man." In English this very early
became yrum or groom, probably from being con-
founded with the Cymric gwr, having the same
signification. It then came to signify a serving-
man, especially one attending to horses, equiva-
lent to Ger. Mareskalk (marshal). In the latter
part of the fourteenth century, during the wars
in France under Edward III., the word became
current in French, in the same way that jockey,
boulinyrin (bowling-green), and boule-doyue (bull-
dog), have been adopted in more modern times.
It is found under the forms of gromet, groumet,
diminutive yrometet ; and is Latinised into gromes,
yromu;*, gromettus. By a very common metathesis,
yroumct became gourmet, in the same way that
girn and grin, gers and grass, bird and brid, are
interchangeable. In a French letter of A.D. 1392,
given by Ducange, we read: " Duquel Jaque le
Coq 1'exposant estoit serviteur et gromet" In a
MS. poern of the fifteenth century we find :
" A ceste gent sont compaignon,
Mauvais grammes, mauvais garchon ;
Des boines gens, boivent le vin
Que il carient au quemin."
The last quotation indicates the special applica-
tion which the word assumed as a name for the
drivers of wine carts. We read again : " Un
gronmet nornme Fagot, qui conduisoit iceulx vins."
In 1402 the word had begun to apply to a " Com-
missionaire, Facteur des Vins" : " Guiot dit Rolot
harnicheur at gourmet de vins, demourant aBruieres
en Laonnais." Thenceforward.it took the sense
given in Carpentier's supplement to Ducange:
" Voiturier ou garde des vins et marchaudises
pendant qu'ils sont en route." In modern French
it has come to signify a judge connoisseur in
wine. It has not yet found its way into Eng-
lish dictionaries; but it is frequently employed,
and often in a wrong sense.
The existence of two words side by side, so
nearly allied in sound, and so different in origin
and meaning, is a singular phenomenon and worthy
of " making a note of." J. A. PICTOK.
Sandyknowe, Wavertrec.
"CHAMBERS'S ENCYCLOPAEDIA":
MR. SOLOMON LOWE.
Although such immense sums were spent on
the later encyclopaadias (4 th S. viii. 284, note),
Chambers's original work seems, like many other
commencements of all kinds, to have been largely
a labour of love. Amongst unpaid contributors
we may probably reckon Mr. Solomon Lowe,
whose name is almost forgotten now in our litera-
90
NOTES AND QUERIES.
S. IX. FEE.
ture, but who was a tolerably well known writer
one hundred and fifty years ago. Mr. Lowe taught
and kept a well-known academy at Brook Green
near Hammersmith, and some notice of him
lately appeared in the Hammersmith Xeics.
Shortly after Mr. Lowe's decease, his* widow
wrote in" March 1751-2 to Dr. Ward of Gresham
College, a friend of her late husband, enclosing a
copy of an advertisement which she had addressed
to Mr. Meres, one of the newspaper publishers of
the time (Brit. Mus.. Add. MS. 6210), and com-
plained that she could not get it fairly inserted
owing to a feeling on the part of the publishing
trade in general. The advertisement ran mostly
as follows, a few contractions and omissions being
made for the purpose of a desirable brevity :
** Shortly will be published by subscription, for the
benefit of "those who have Mr. "Chambers' Dictionary,
which teas done by himself, an entire supplement to that
("c) by the late Mr. Solomon Lowe; how capable he was
of doing it, may be seen from the underwritten extracts
from Mr. Chambers' letters in 1733 :
* I know of nobody who is so well acquainted with the
flaws and defects of the work as yourself (Mr. Lowe) ;
you have favoured me with many remarks of this kind
f Mr. Chambers must have been" slightly ironical here,
E. C.~. I have sent you the 24 sheets of my Dictionary,
that were wrought off before the last variation of mea-
sures took place, I should not have been forward for
producing the sheets before yon, who are too good a
Judge of their Defects, but as you had a desire to see
them I have overcome all the Reluctance. To have dis-
charged solid benefits by an idle letter of complements
(/) where had been the propriety. ... I know of
no person, among a great number from whom I have had
communications on the same occasion, that has entered
so far into the spirit of the work, and appears so thorough
a master of the design, as yourself. Your instructions, I
speak without anv complement (sic'), are all pertinent
and useful,' " &c. "
Mrs. Lowe adds
** that, when Mr. Chambers was too ill to carry his work
on any farther, he sent for Mr. Lowe and gave him his
Dictionary in order to carry it on."
Of course Mrs. Lowe had very caughty ideas
about the publishers, whose offer of one h'undred
and fifty guineas for the supplement she says that
she refused, and attempted a separate publication.
Mr. Ward appears to have been chary of advice :
but we may judge from her rejoinder that he told
her that publishers had interests which she was
bound to consider, and they might naturally object
to an advertisement which said so much, con-
fidentially or perhaps sarcastically, about the
defects of a publication in which they were in-
terested.
Although Mr. Lowe would probably not have
been reckoned as a " man of the time," and his
name is not found in Chalmers, Rose, Haydn.
Phillips, Jones, and Allibone.
Mr. Lowe was asked to help Dr. Birch in his
Life of Sir Richard Steele. He wrote a work on
4< Mnemonicks," which has been reprinted not very
long ago with Grey's Memoria Technica. He died
poor, which was possibly the punishment for
writing so much and so we'll gratuitously.
A GLEANER.
MILTON'S USE OF THE SUPERLATIVE :
"CHILDREN'S LANGUAGE.
An apt illustration of the well-known lines in
book iv. of Paradise Lost
" So hand in hand they pass'd, the loveliest pair
That ever since in love's embraces met ;
Adam the goodliest man of men since born
His sons, the fairest of her daughters Ev .
was furnished me a short time ago involuntarily
by a girl of thirteen, who said to her mother in
my hearing : " You're the youngest of your sis-
ters-in-law, mamma ! " And it was no slip of
the tongue; for, though the girl has more than
average intelligence, and has been as well edu-
cated as most girls of her age, I could not make
her understand that what she had said was gram-
matically wrong, and that she ought to have said
"younger than," instead of "youngest of."*
It would seem, therefore, that Milton, in his
beautiful irregularity, unconsciously adopted the
simple speech of childhood. I say unconsciously,
because there can be little doubt "that the poet 'if
appealed to, would have charged himself rather
with over-refinement, and have allowed that the
elaboration of these lines had cost him some time
and thought : unless indeed, which is not impro-
bable, he had met with and admired such a use
of the superlative elsewhere. I find a similar in-
stance t quoted in Matzner's -";?. Gram. (iii. 2
from Robert of Gloucester i i. 157) " Ygerne, Gor-
loys wyf, was fairest of echon" (i. e., each one);
though Matzner gives it among a number of quo-
tations which are perfectly regular, and does not
appear to have remarked any irregularity about
it. In Shakespeare again, we have (2 Henry VI.
i. 3), " York is most unmeet of any man,'' where
the superlative is really equally irregular, though
it scarcely strikes one as being so.
* The language of children has, I think, had too little
attention paid to it. A child begins life as a savage, and
gradually becomes civilised. Its speech, in its onward
and upw'ard course, reflects this gradual change, and fre-
quently illustrates the idioms of other languages besides
its own. I have noticed that the errors of s}*ntax, <tc.,
which an English child commits in learning English are
frequently no such errors, but the normal mode of ex-
pression, 'in some other language ; and, when this is so,
much light is thrown upon the syntax, &c., of this other
language, A child does not copy all its mistakes ; it
makes up plenty for itself, and it is to these only (and the
one I have given above is an example) that I wish to
call attention. A collection of such mistakes would be
very instructive, and might be begun in " N. & Q."
t Similar, at least, as far as the superlative is concerned.
S. IX. FEB. 3, '72.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
91
A scarcely less successful sacrifice of grammar
to sound is found in Byron's known lines (C. II.,
book iv.) :
" I stood in Venice, on the Bridge of Sighs;
A palace and a prison on each hand."
F. CHANGE.
Sydenham Hill.
LETTER OF FREDERICK THE GREAT.
On the death, recently, of a relative of mine at a very
advanced age, I found among her papers a collection of
autographs of distinguished persons, nearly all of them
accompanied by some statement in proof of their authen-
ticity. Among them, but without any such proof attached,
is the letter of which I enclose a copy, and which pur-
ports to be written by the hand of Frederick the Great.
By the appearance of the ink and paper it certainly was
written at the time. The hand is a bold round one. I
have preserved the inaccuracies of spelling, &c. Could
any of your readers give me any information as to the
circumstance to which it refers, or any fac-simile of
Frederick's handwriting with which I could compare
this ?
Mad., J'ay re^u. la lettre que vous aves voulu
me faire le 19 de ce mois et c'est avec bien du De-
plaisir que j'ay appris les mauvais proces d'un des
directeurs de la Compagnie Assiatique D'Embden,
envers vous, dont vous vous etes vue oblige de
vous plaindre. Je feroy examiner vos griefs etje
viens de donner mes ordres en consequence a mon
president de la Chanibre d'Estfriselentz, et vous
pouvez etre tres assurez que Ton ne manquera
pas de vous administrer bonne justice autant que
les Circonstances le permettront, sur ce je prie
Dieu qu'il vous ait en sa sainte garde.
"A Potsdam le 26 Fevrier 1756.
" FREDERIC."
" A Mad. Goodwin a Bruxelles."
HUBERT J. DE BURGH.
2, Warwick Terrace, Dublin.
| assertion that thus the human head, being like
j all the other gods round, is in fact a microcosm.
One singular example of humour occurs in the
i course of his account. He says that the Demiur-
i gus formed the nails not because the man wanted
; them, but because he foresaw that wild beasts and
; women would. It is many years since I read the
\ Tim&us, and I have it not by me now to refer to ;
I but this is a correct statement : that " the head of
| man," and not man himself in his full form, " is a
microcosm," in Plato's phrase.
There is another phrase and idea, the " music
of the spheres/'' explained in the same treatise.
If a paper involving some arithmetical and astro-
nomical calculations comes witbin your scope I
will send it. This phrase also is very little under-
stood, though often in men's moutbs.*
HERBERT RANDOLPH.
Ringmore.
FICTITIOUS NAMES OF AUTHORS. In a late
number of '' N. & Q." OLPHAR HAMST speaks of
the trouble he once had in cataloguing a book
under three different names, which ultimately
turned out to be but disguises of the same book.
In the same part he also speaks of his Hand-
book of Fictitious Names. May I be allowed to
point out that future editions of this most useful
and interesting work will be enriched by the un-
pleasant circumstance above named ? for we have
now two or three "fictitious names" the more a
small example of the "soul of good in things
! evil." RAVENSBOUBJTE.
MAX A MICROCOSM. This expression is in
common use, but the idea involved in it is little
understood. In fact the phrase itself is varied
from Plato's original. In his philosophy all deity
is round or globular; the universe, xfofios, the fixed
. and the planets are gods. Man was made
by the Demiurgus himself created by the supreme
God as a model for all living creatures, and man
is a sort of demigod : but the divine part in man
is his head, the residence of reason, which, like the
rxls, IB round; the other parts of man, the body
and the members, are mere accidents post-created
simply for the convenience of the head. In the
strange and curious anatomical account which
Plato wives in the Tim&us of the formation, uses.
and reasons of the formation of these parts, he
expands his notion fully, and concludes with the
Brass's TREXTICE HAN'.
" Auld Nature swears, the lovely dears
Her noblest work she classes, O !
Her 'prentice ban' she tried on man,
And then she made the lasses, O !
Green grow," &c.
"Knight .... and since we were made before yee
shouldwe not love and admire ye as the last and there-
fore p%rfect'st work of nature"? Man was made when
nature was but an apprentice, but woman when she was
a skilfull mistresse of her arte.''
Cupid's Whirligig, 1607 (ed. 1611, C. 4 vers.)
I know nothing more of the history of this
saying, but from the close resemblance between
I these passages it would seem either that Burns
; had read the Whirligig or a scrap borrowed from
: it, or that the saying was or had become prover-
I bial. B. NICHOLSON.
FIRST NEWSPAPER REPORT BY ELECTRIC TELE-
! GRAPH. As a director of the Electric Telegraph
I Company so early as 1S47, the late Mr. George
Wilson '(of the Anti-Corn-Law League) urged
forward the laying down a line of electric wires
from Manchester to Leeds. At the nomination of
Mr. Cobden for the West Riding in that year the
[* Consult "N.&Q."l t S.vi. 165 ; 4 t! S. ii. 561 ; Hi. 19,
j 70.-ED.]
92
NOTES AND QUERIES.
. IX. FEB. 3, 72.
line had not been completed, but Mr. Wilson had
several miles of -wire carried on temporarily as
far as Wakefield ; and from that town the pro-
ceedings attendant on the nomination and election
of Mr. Cobden'were transmitted to Manchester,
and appeared in a second edition of a Manchester
paper about two o'clock that day, being the first
newspaper report by electric telegraph on record.
PHILIP S. KING.
BOTJSTRAPA. It is not perhaps generally known
that, among the Parisian workmen during the
period of terrorism which was initiated by the
coup d'etat, Napoleon III. was familiarly desig-
nated "Boustrapa" a name made of the initial
syllables of .Ztow-logne, tftfra-sbourg, and Pa-ris,
the scenes of his three chief exploits up to that
time. Subsequently two of his sobriquets, as you
know, were "Badinguet" and " L'Homme de
Sedan." PHILIP S. KING.
LORD BACON'S ADAPTATION OF SHAKESPEARE.
In an article on Shakespeare in the Quarterly
(Xo. 261) it is pointed out that Bacon, with a
profound contempt for poetry, nevertheless con-
descended to adopt Shakespeare's sentiments.
One or two examples are given. I have met with
the following, which was not, I think, alluded to
by the reviewer. In the " Essay on Travel,"
amongst the hints -to enable " $ young man to
put his travel into a little room," is "let him
sequester himself from the company of his coun-
trymen." This reads like an echo'of Rosalind's
words (As You Like It, iv. 1)
" Farewell, monsieur traveller ; look, you lisp, and
wear strange suits ; disable all the benefits of your own
country, be out of love with your nativity," &c.
, PELAGIUS.
TENNYSON'S " DEATH OF THE OLD YEAR."
Collectors of Tennysoniana may, perhaps, like to
make a note of the following paragraph, -staken
from The. Lincoln, Rutland, and Stamford Mercury
for January 12 :
" CAISTOR. Of all times in the year that our cam-
panologians could have chosen to go 'on strike,' it seemed
most annoying to all lovers of old customs that the}'
should choose New Year's eve. They might, it is allowed,
have ample cause for dissatisfaction with the lack of con-
sideration shown for their comfort in the belfry, and with
the degree of encouragement given them in boxes,' but
they adopted a shabby method of showing it. Such an
omission as theirs, it is said, has never occurred within
living memory: certainly not since Tennyson (' Our
poet,' as we Caistorians proudly call the Poet Laui-eate)
was a denizen of this quaint "old town, and wrote his
poem on the ' Death of the Old Year ' (collection pub-
lished 1832) within hearing of the church bells."
CTJTHBERT BEDE.
INSCRIPTIONS. Having lately met with the
following inscriptions, I "made a note of" them,
thinking you might deem them worthy of being
transcribed into the pages of " N. & Q." I know
not where, when, or by whom they have been
severally written.
On a sun-dial :
" Once at a potent leader's voice it stay'd ;
Once it went back when a good monarch pray'd ;
Mortals! howe'er ye grieve, howe'er deplore,
The flying shadow' shall return no more."
Under an hour-glass in a grotto near the
water :
" This babbling stream not uninstructive flows,
Xor idly loiters to its destined main :
Earh flower it feeds that on its margin grows,
Now bids thee blush, whose days are spent in vain.
" Xor void of moral, though unheeded glides
Time's current, stealing on with silent haste ;
For lo ! each falling sand his folly chides,
Who lets one precious moment run to waste."
Found in an old watch that had been given by
a gentleman to a young lady about eighty years
since :
" Deign, lady fair, this watch to wear
To mark how moments fly ;
For none a moment have to spare,
Who in a moment die ! "
R. W. II. NASH, B.A.
Florinda Place, Dublin.
MARY LAME. In giving evidence on the ques-
tion of insanity at the trial of the Rev. J. S.
Watson, as reported in The Globe (12 Jan.),
Dr. Maudslay said :
" The case of Charles Lamb's sister is a well-known
one ; it was one of homicidal tendency, and Miss Lamb
had killed her father." . . . . -"In Miss Lamb's case,
she used to warn people, but not until after the murder
of her father, which took place suddenly."
As Dr. Maudslay calls this a well-known in-
stance, it may not be amiss to mention that Miss
Lamb did not murder her father, but her mother.
The reference is no doubt equally applicable, but
the mistake is worth correcting.
CHARLES WTLIE.
" THE FATHER'S OWX SOX."
In 18GO Mr. Halliwell printed thirty copies of
the Doctors of I)uU-Juad College, being a droll
formed out of the lost play of the Father's Own
Son, from the second part" of the Witt, or Sport
upon Sport, 8vo, 1672, published by Kirkman, and
which is the last piece in the volume. He has
also given Kirkman 's preface, which is a very
curious and interesting production, for which he
deserves the hearty thanks of all those who are
interested in the earh* history of the drama.
It so happens, however, that the same droll
forms the last article in the
" Wits, or Sport upon Sport, in select pieces of Drollery
digested into Scenes by way of Dialogue. Together
with a variety of Humors of several Xations, fitted for
. IX. FEB. 3, '72.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
93
the pleasure and content of all persons, either in Court,
City, Countrey, or Camp. The like never before pub-
lished. Part I. London : Printed for Henry Marsh, at
the Sign of the Princes Arms in Chancery Lane, 1662."
This book, of which I am not aware there was
any second part, was printed by Marsh, who signs
the preface one altogether different from Kirk-
man's production and adds a catalogue of books
sold by him, with these lines prefixed
" Who for your pleasure hath produced his store,
And as you like, will furnish you with more."
There is prefixed a curious engraving of the
stage in 1662, which I believe has subsequently
been re-engraved, and in which we have Sir John
Falstaff in the costume in which he used to
appear.
Kirkman must therefore have, without acknow-
ledgment, reprinted Marsh's collection, omitting
his preface and long list of books for sale, and given
the preface which Mr. Halliwell has reprinted.
Whether the engraving was prefixed to Kirkman's
edition, the writer has no means of knowing.
In the year 1673 Kirkman printed
" The Wits, or Sport upon Sport, being a curious Collec-
tion of several Drolls and Farces presented and shown for
the merriment and delight of wise men and the ignorant :
as they have been sundry times acted in publique and
private, in London at Bartholomew, in the Countrey at
other Faires ; in Halls and Taverns, on several 'Mounte
bank Stages at Charing Cross, Lincolns- Inn-Fields, and
other places, by several stroleing Players, Fools and
Fidlers, and the Mountebanks Zanies, with loud laughter
and great applause. Written I know not when, by
several persons I know not who, but now newly collected
by our old friend to please you. FRANCIS KIRKMAN."
To this work, which is quite distinct from the
collection by Marsh, is prefixed the preface by
Kirkman, reprinted by Mr. Halliwell. The copy
before me is perfect until it reaches p. 32, but at
the foot of the page from the catchword it appears
that the next droll is called " Oenone." Then
comes another fragment commencing with " The
merry conceited humours of Bottom the Weaver."
The pagination begins at page 29, finishing with
" Bottom " at page 37, and concluding with the
tl Cheater Cheated," which terminates at page 80
with the word Finis.
Can any of your contributors inform me if the
two pieces are fragments of separate works, or
belong to the same volume? Were any other
editions of the Drolls printed than those noticed
above ? J. M.
"BoARD." Can any correspondent throw light
upon this sentence in George Herbert's Country
Parson, chapter x., " An old good servant boards
a child " ? T. W. WEBB.
[Either the word as has dropped out, that is, '"boards
as a child," or it may mean in the same state as a child.
Hence the old saying, " Set him a clear board in the
world," that is, put him in a good position.]
ANNE BOLETN'S MOTHER: F. NANCIAAT.
There is a picture representing a woman's head
at Stanford Court, supposed to be the mother of
Queen Anne Boleyn. It was purchased more
than a century past of Francis Nanciaat, who
said it was an original of Holbein. Anne Boleyn's
mother was sister of the Duke of Norfolk/ A
note-book of my great-grandfather states the fact.
The picture is in good preservation, with the lady
in a dark dress, white plain cap, and ruff round
the neck. Are there any known pictures of this
lady whereby I might verify the likeness? and who
was Francis Nanciaat ?
THOMAS E. WINNING TON.
Stanford Court, Worcester.
CLARE'S REMAINS: OLD BALLADS. Messrs.
Taylor & Son of Northampton have invited me
to edit the poetical remains of John Clare, and
have supplied me for that purpose with a mass
of documents, including seven or eight hundred
hitherto unpublished poems, more than a thousand
letters addressed to Clare by his friends and con-r
temporaries, a diary, and several pocket-books in
which the poet jotted down passing fancies, and
noted subjects which interested him. Among
these last-named memoranda is a small collection
of ballads, which Clare says ho wrote down on
hearing his father or mother sing them on the
long winter evenings. Several of these might
with propriety be included in the <( Remains,"
and in making the selection it would assist me
to know whether any had already appeared in
print or not. Will some ample-leisured and cour-
teous reader of "N. & Q." compassionate a man of
many engagements, and assist me in the search ?
The following are the first lines of the ballads:
"Where have you been to, John [or Lord] Randall, my
son." ;
" The week before Easter, the days long and clear."
"A faithless shepherd courted me."
" silly love ! O cunning love."
" On Martinmas Eve the dogs did bark."
" Here's a sad good bye for thee, my love."
" My love is tall and handsome."
" Cffar is fled the winter wind."
" Dream not of love to think it like."
" Of all the swains that meet at eve."
" A false knight wooed a maiden poor."
" Unriddle this riddle, my own Jenny love."
" Twas on the banks of Ivory, 'neath the hawthorn's
scented shade."
J. L. CHERRY.
8, Grove Terrace, Havelock Place, Hanley.
REV. ANTHONY DAVIDSON, M.A., 8, native ' of
Scotland, was about the end of last century curate
of Milton in Hampshire, and master of an academy
at Lymington. He wrote some plays, which are
mentioned in the Bio^rapJtia Dramatica. Three
of these were performed at provincial theatres.
He is also author of Poems of Ossian in Blank-
verse, Salisbury (no date) ; and Sermons in Blank-
verse, Romsey (no date). These two works I
94,
NOTES AND QUERIES.
S. IX. FEB. 3, 72.
have seen; the Sermons were published in or about
the year 1815. Can any reader of "N. & Q."
inform me whether Mr. Davidson published any-
thing subsequently to the year 1815 or 1817?
What is the date of his death ? Were any of his
dramas printed ? R. INGLIS.
LADY ALICE EGERTON. Is there any portrait
existing of the Lady Alice Egerton who acted the
part of " The Lady" in Milton's Masque of Comus
when it was first produced, and is there any
engraving of the same to be had anywhere ?
W. H. W.
ENGRAVINGS. I have two old engravings from
which the edges have been so completely re-
moved that no part of the lettering remains. I
annex the following description of them, in the
hope that some other collector who has perfect
copies may be able to supply me with the names
of artists and engravers, and date of publication.
The titles I have " from tradition" :
No. 1. " Howard visiting a debtor's prison." Plate
2*2 in. x 16 in. A sick gentleman, in military undress,
supported bv a lady, who receives a well-filled purse from
Howard. Three children surround the group, one of
whom kisses Howard's left hand. A fetter connects the
prisoner's right wrist with his left ankle. A turnkey
stands in the doorway.
No. 2." Loss of the Halswell." Plate 23 in. x 17 in.
The deck, saloon, or round-house of a large vessel in a
sinking state ; the floor covered with water, in which
some drowning persons are floating. In the centre a
man (the captain ?) stands with several very graceful
female figures clinging to him. The waves seem bursting
in from all sides.
Where could I find an account of the loss of
the Halswell ? W. H. P.
[No. 2. The Halswell East Indiaman, outward
bound, was wrecked off Seacombe, in the isle of Purbeck,
on Jan. 6, 1786, when Captain Pierce, the commander,
perished along with many others. (Gent. Mag. Jan.
1796, p. 75, and " N. & Q." 3 r * S. iii. 9, 34, 80, 159.) It
was painted by Robert Smirke, engraved by Robert Pol-
lard, and published by R. Pollard, engraver, No. 15,
Baynes Row, Spa Fields, March 17, 1787.1
THE FIRST ENGLISHWOMAN EVER IN PEKIN.
Was she not the worthy housekeeper of the
British Embassy there, in 1861 ? S.
GOVERNOR: VICEROY. What is the difference
between a viceroy and a governor, as applied to
Her Majesty's representative in a British colony
or other possession? I am induced to ask
"N. & Q." for this information from frequently
seeing in colonial newspapers the expressions
"the viceregal speech," " the viceregal banquet,"
&c. Some forty years ago (if I recollect rightly)
none were called viceroys excepting the Lord
Lieutenant of Ireland, and, I believe, the Governor-
General of India. J. N.
Melbourne.
HERALDS' COLLEGE AT COPENHAGEN. Can any
one inform me if there is any college in Copen-
hagen which answers to our Heralds' College in
London or the Lyon Office in Edinburgh ? I
there is I should be glad to know how I should
address it by letter. H. H. R.
71, High Street, Oxford.
HORNECK AND JESSAMT. In The Times of
January 5, 1872, mention is made of Miss Mary
Horneck as being Goldsmith's "Jessamy Bride."
Will any one kindly explain why she is thus
called, and whether Goldsmith himself gave her
the name ?
In a letter to Mrs. Thrale, July 6, 1775, written
at Ashbourne, apparently at Dr. Taylor's, John-
son says he is glad that she has seen the Hornecks ;
and Mrs. Thrale, writing to him a few days later,
and mentioning Dr. Taylor, says :
" To whom make in the meantime our best compli-
ments, with love to his Jigg and his Jessamy"
What is the allusion here ? JOHN W. BONE.
26, Bedford Place, W,C.
LA FONTAINE. Seeing the following anecdote
lately in a Dublin newspaper, relating to La Fon-
taine, 1 was tempted to cut it out and send it to
you. Some of your readers, who are skilled in
psychology, will perhaps be able to say whether
such a story is probable or possible :
" Some friends visited La Fontaine one evening and
found him asleep. While talking with his wife, La Fon-
taine entered in his nightcap, without shoes or stockings,
just as he had risen ffrom his bed. His eyes were half
open, but he evidently saw no object; he crossed the
dining room where the party were sitting, went into a
little closet or cabinet that served him as a study, and
shut himself up in the dark. Some time after, he came
out, rubbing his hands, and testifying much satisfaction,
but still asleep ; he then went through the dining-room,
quite unconscious of the presence of any one, and retired
to bed. His wife and friends were very curious to know
what he had been about in the dark. They all went
into his stud}', and found there a fable newly written, the
ink being still wet, which brought conviction that he had
written and composed it during his dream. The ad-
mirers of this most original author may wish to know
which fable was composed under these extraordinary
circumstances. It is one that is replete with the most
natural and touching language it is that which unites
the utmost grace of expression language is capable of
in a word, it is the celebrated fable of The Two Pigeons.
We are sure that many writers of our day write when
thev are asleep."
E. W. H. N.
Dublin.
MANX QUOTATIONS. In Cregeen's Monks Die-
tionary, under the word " Scriptyr," is the fol-
lowing :
"Te coontit tushey ooasle dy hoiggal leighyn as
cliaghtaghyn y cheer ta dooinney cummal ayn. Agh ere
woad s'ooasle'eh dy hoiggal slattyssyn niaii as leighyn
beaynid dy bragh iarraghtyn ta ain ayns ny scriptyryn
casherick."
And I should be glad if some Manx reader
would oblige by stating whence the quotation,
4 th S. IX. FEB. 3, 72.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
its received interpretation, and, if any, special ap-
plication.
In the same dictionary, under the word Quaal-
tagh, are the correct Manks words, but not the
translation, of the communication in " N. & Q."
(4 th S. iii. 424), which it may now be advisable
to note. J. BEALE.
OLD MAPS OP LONDON. In Cunningham's
Handbook of London (ed. 1850, p. 189) mention
is made of a map of London by Augustine Ryther,
1604, in which the situation of the Fortune
Theatre is said to be " distinctly marked." I have
inquired for this map without success, and it
would confer a great favour if any of your readers
would inform me where a copy is to be found, or
tell me the localities of any other really old and
little known maps of London.
J. 0. HALLIWELL.
MARY QUEEN OF SCOTS. The following verses
are said to have been written by this unfortunate
queen :
" QUEEN MARY'S LAMENTATION.
" 1 sigh and lament me in vain,
And these walls can but echo my moan :
Alas ! it increases my pain/
When I think on the days that are gone.
*' False woman ! For ages to come
Thy malice detested shall be ;
For when we are cold in the tomb,
There'll be hearts that will sorrow for nve.
" The owls from the battlements cry,
Hollow winds seem to murmur around,
' Mary, prepare thee to die ! '
My blood runs cold at the sound."
The verses and the tune were at one time
many years ago very popular among the popula-
tion for miles round Derby. The tune, which I
have never heard, was one of the chimes on the
bells at the church of All Saints in that town,
and was only played on the market-day, Friday.
I am told that it was one of the chimes at Lincoln
Cathedral. Have the "many pleasing verses"
written by this queen ever been published P
THOS. RATCLIPFE.
MATJTHER. This word is used in Norfolk as
the homely name for a young girl. Nares, Hal-
liwell, and Wright give it in their glossaries, but
the derivation is not furnished. Can any of your
readers give it to me ? CORNUB.
DR. T. E, NASH. Where is the best memoir of
Nash, the Worcestershire historian, to be found ?
H. S. S.
fThe best account of the Rev. Treadway Russell Nash,
D.D. is in Chambers's Biographical Illustrations of Wor-
cestershire, p. 459. Consult also Nichols's Literary Anec-
dotes, passim ; Gent. May. Feb. 1811, p. 190 ; Rose's
Biographical Dictionary, and " N. & Q." 2 nd S. vii. 173,
325 ; 3 rd S. viii. 174.]
NUMISMATIC BLUNDERS. At the meeting of
the Liverpool Numismatic Society held on De-
cember 19, 1870, there was exhibited a crown
piece of William III. which bore on the obverse,
instead of the legend DEI GRA. the blunder KI
GRA. The coin had been in circulation, and was
slightly larger than other crown pieces of the
same reign. Has this typical blunder been de-
tected before, or has it hitherto escaped the numis-
matist's eye ? A MEMBER.
[Two of these inaccurate pieces (1C9G) turned up ;;t
the sale of silver coins and medals of G. Marshall, I/ q,
(second portion) on July 1, 1852, lot 116, and were pur-
chased for the British Museum for sixteen shillings.]
PSALM cix. Can any of your readers explain
to me the heading of Psalm cix. in the Prayer-
Book ? The Vulgate has " Deus laudem meam
ne tacueris," &c., but all the Prayer-Books I have
been able to inspect give "Deus laudum." Is
this a very early misprint continually repeated ?
C. P.
[The Rev. E. H. MacLachlan writes to The Guardian :
" 1 should like to remark that the reading ' Deus laudutn '
seems the more correct of the two. At least it approaches
nearest to the Hebrew, which, literally rendered, stands
thus : ' Oh, God of my praise, be not silent ! ' So, too-,
the Syriac, ' Oh, God of my praise (or glory), be not
still ! ' Our Bible and Prayer-Book versions agree with
the Hebrew and Syriac. The heading in question is, per-
haps, incomplete, and, had it been fully expressed, it
would have been ' Deus laudum mearum, ne sileas.' "~|
QUOTATIONS WANTED. Many years ago I copied
the lines enclosed. I found them scratched on a
pane of glass in a little back room of an inn at
Pangbourne. The last time I visited the inn they
were gone. Some raciness as well as marks of a
practised hand leads me to ask if any of your
readers know aught of them ? The date, June
1777, was also scratched on the glass.
" In search of Wisdom far from Wit I fly
Wit is a harlot beauteous to the eye,
In whose bewitching charms our early time we spend,
And vigour of our youthful prime
But when reflection comes with riper years,
And manhood Avith a serious brow appears,
We cast the wanton off, to take a wife,
And wed to Wisdom, lead a happy life.
"June 1777."
W. R.
" Oh ! never was there chieftain so dauntless as Dundee,
He has sworn to chase the Hollander back to the Zuy-
der Zee."
The lines are by the Hon. George Sidney
Smythe. In what volume are they to be found P
JULIAN SHARMAN.
[In Smythe's Historic Fancies, 1844, p. 99.]
SANDAL-WOOD. The Santalum, a species of
sandal worts, produces an odoriferous kind of wood
which, being pulverized, is burned as incense.
What confirmation have we of the use of this
same wood for building ? A. H.
"THE SARESONS GROUNDS." What would this
term probably mean as applied to land in the
96
NOTES AND QUERIES.
* S. IX. FEB. 3, 72.
town of Birmingham in the sixteenth century?
In " N. & Q." (1 st S. xi. 229, 494 j 3 rd S. vi. 4o(>,
523) and in other works, it states that the name
"Sarsen" was given by the early Christian Saxons
to the stones in and about the various barrows of
the island ; i. e. Saracen or heathen stones. Sara-
cen and Sarsen seem to me entirely different
words ? I cannot find the word Saracen in the
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (see even the Record of
the Crusades of 1096 and 1128), or in Kemble's
Codex Diplomaticus SCLV. In the latter work the
genuine A.-S. words Haefien-byrigels are used in
no less than forty-three charters. (See Index, vi.)
In Kees's Cydopcedia it states that Saracen is a
word of " unascertained origin." I do not recol-
lect it in A.-S. The old word sarcenet (see Troihis
and Cressida, Act V. Sc. 1, and Milton's Prose, Bohn,
1848, ii. 416) is descriptive of the texture of a
certain kind of fine thin woven silk ; and I should
think that the term " sarsen stone " means a stone
of a small fine grit, in contradistinction to a coarse
one. If so, this would not apply to Birmingham,
as the subsoil of the old town is free from all
stone but pebbles. It does not, I think, apply to
silk manufacture, notwithstanding the proximity
to Coventry. There is a family named Sarson in
the town, 'but I cannot trace the name further
back than a hundred years. Is it not more likely
to be descriptive of some unoccupied ground con-
nected with a sieve manufactory, from the old
word sarse, a fine sieve, the wire for which would
probably be manufactured upon the spot where
the sieves were made ? C. CHATTOCK.
Castle Bromwich.
TORXISTER. Wanted the derivation or origin
of the German word Tornister, a soldier's knap-
sack. Hilpert says, "Probably from the Italian
canestro, a bread-basket " ; but though that- may
be, how did it come into Germany, and whence
its present form ? GREYSTEIL.
THE " VICTORY." Who christened the " .Vic-
tory," Nelson's flagship at Trafalgar ? She was
launched at Chatham on May 7, 1705.
FLAG-LIEUT.
WRIT OE HENRY III. TO JOHN OP MONMOUTH.
A correspondent lately sent a copy of this writ
(dated 1219) respecting salmon-poaching to Land
and Water. He stated that it was obtained "from
the late Mr. Wakeman," but he did not know
whence he had it, nor could he find it in Rymer.
Is the writ genuine ; and if so, where may it be
found ? PELAGIUS.
Miss WARD. There is a volume entitled The
Buried Bride and other Poems (Anon.), no date,
but published in 1839 or 1840. The author was
Miss Ward, a lady of Southampton, who died
about twenty years ago. Can any of your readers
give me the date of Miss Ward's death, or any
further information about her ? R. INGLIS.
SAMUEL WEBBE, SEX., a glee-writer of great
celebrity, and who flourished during the last cen-
tury, published at different periods a collection,
consisting altogether of nine numbers of glees,
beginning somewhere about the year 1764. Can
any of your readers give a copy of the title of the
first number published? The second is entitled
A Second Collection of Canons, CatcJics, and Glees;
I but the first number is said to have been entitled
The Ladies' Catch-book ; being a Collection of
1 Catches, Canons, and Glees, $c. by S. Webbe. Is
this so ? If not. what may the title of the first
number be ? W. T. P.
Eeplutf,
BREDERODE FAMILY.
(4 th S. viii. 203.)
Some eighteen months or two years ago I
bought of Bachelier Deflorennes a curious MS.
volume purporting to contain not only the gene-
alogy of this family but also its various intermar-
riages. It is written chiefly on parchment; the
first part in Dutch, the later parts in French. It
contains about two hundred coats of arms of the
Brederodes and the families with whom they
were allied, and two or three beautiful miniatures,
and one fine portrait on vellum of Adam de Brede-
rode. I cannot, writing from here, give a more
detailed description of this MS., because it is now,
along with many others, on its way to America
to await my return. I may add, that a much
esteemed English authority inspected it on one
occasion in Paris, after it came into my possession,
and spoke of it as not only exceedingly interest-
ing, but also remarkable for presenting so many
internal and contemporaneous proofs of its au-
thenticity.
According to this genealogy the last of the
Brederodes died some two hundred years ago,
though as to the date I am very far from certain,
as I had no occasion to fix that point in my me-
mory. But the fact, that this was the last male
of the family, and that there were no descendants
in female lines carrying the blood and the right to
quarter the arms, was distinctly stated; and "as a
consequence thereof, when this noble and gallant
youth was buried, his arms, his spurs, his sword,
and other weapons were interred with him, and
his shield (escutcheon ?) reversed according to the
ancient and honorable custom of all knightly and
noble families."
I do not remember the name of the parish
church where he was buried, but when once more
amongst my books will give a copy of this obi-
tuary" notice. The first few pages of the MS.
set forth that, although all men are derived from
a common ancestor, yet the differences in charac-
ter gave ascendancy to some, so that individuals
became dominant and transmitted their power to
4' h S. IX. FEB.
NOTES AND QUERIES.
97
tlieir families ; in fact, a defence of caste or nobi-
lity, with a short exposition of the origin of
armorial bearings, at last gliding into the history
of the first known or reputed ancestor of " this
princely house of Brederode." The MS., or rather
collection for it is the work of several different
hands, though forming a continuous narrative if
edited by some one who understood heraldry and
genealogy, would make, I think, a valuable addi-
tion to the family histories of the Low Countries.
I beg leave to ask a question in this connection.
Did there exist generally such a custom as that of
reversing the escutcheons over the tomb of the
last of a race ? The only instance which I have
noticed is in the Engydion church at Nuremberg
of a Freiherr von Tetzel, who died in 1736. The
shields go back to the early part of the twelfth
century, and the family, so says the inscription,
died out with him. The shield is painted correctly,
but fastened upside down. Tnos. BALCH.
Wiesbaden.
UMBRELLAS.
(4 th S. viii. 128, 271, 338, 423, 492.)
The umbrella mentioned by your learned cor-
respondent F. C. H. was probably a curiosity
many years ago, but a lady I know has one
which was given her some few years since very
similar to the one described. The difference is in
the handle, which is made of light iron tubes,
and opens and shuts like a telescope. It hangs
to the waistband by a ring at the top, and is very
useful at flower shows and such like, in sunshine
and shower?. Juxn NKPOS.
As an appendix to F..C. H.'s note I send the
following, an extract from a recent number of
Le Contour Vaudois of Lausanne :
"Les innombrables parapluies qui se croisent dans les
rues donneront quelque a propos aux lignes suivantes.
II y a quelques mois, nous avons deja dit un mot des
premiers parapluies dont on tit usage en Suisse. Void
maintenant comment ils furent accueillis en Angleterve :
"Ce n'etait pas une chose ordinaire, a Londres, qu'un
parapluie au commencement du siecle passe. Quelques
dandys seulement se hasardaient a deplorer cet instru-
ment que les homines ne purent pendant longtemps
porter sans encourir le reproche d'une delicatesse effe-
minee, et qni fut gene'ralementconsidere comme 1'attribut
essentiel d'une classe d'homme cordialement deteste'e de
la populace anglaise, c'est-a-dire de la gent fran9aise
trottemenu. On commenga par adopter le parapluie dans
les cafes, ou il etait tenu en reserve pour les grandes
occasions, comme pour une pluie d'orage, par exemple.
Aldrs on le pretait, a defaut de voiture ou de chaise a
porteur, au consommateur ; encore celui-ci ne voulait-il
pas s'en charger. Un homme portant un parapluie pas-
sait aux yeux de tout le monde pour une veritable petite-
maitresse. Encore en 1778, un certain John Macdon aid,
valet de pied, qui a ecrit ses me'moires, raconte que
lorsqu'il lui arrivait de prendre avec lui un fort beau
parapluie de soie qu'il avait rapporte d'Espagne, il ne
pouvait s'en servir a sa commodite, le peuple lui criait de
suite : ' He' ! monsieur le Francais, pourquoi ne prenez-
vous pas une voiture ? ' Le fait est que les cochers de
fiacre et les porteurs de chaises, reuuis par 1'esprit de
corps, formaient une coalition tapageuse et formidable
contre cette concurrence. Le meme ecrivain de 1778
nous dit : ' A cette e'poque on ne portait point de para-
pluies a Londres ; seulement dans les maisons nobles ou
.riches, on en voyait un de grande dimension, suspendu
dans le vestibule et destine a abriter, en cas de pluie, les
dames ou les messieurs dans le trajet de la porte a leur
e'quipage.' Sa soeur rut force'e un jour de quitter son
bras pour se soustraire au torrent d'injures populaires que
son parapluie lui avait attire. Mais il ajoute qu'il per-
sista pendant trois niois, et qu'au bout de ce temps on ne
fit plus d'attention a cette nouveaute'. Les e'trangers
commencerent a. se servir de leurs parapluies et les An-
glais suivirent 1'exemple; et aujourd'hui c'est un objet de
grand commerce a Londres. Ce valet, s'il ne s'en fait
pas trop accroire, fut done le premier qui se distingua
dans cette capitale par 1'usage d'un parapluie de soie.
En ce cas, il est le fondateur d'uue ecole fort nombreuse.
Aujourd'hui un recensement de parapluies serait en meme
temps uu recensement de population."
JA^IES HENKT DIXON.
The accounts of the churchwardens of Cran-
brook, Kent, afford another instance of the pur-
chase of a parish umbrella " 1783, paid for an
umbrella 12s." This purchase is of six years
later date than that at Sculcoates, and the price
paid at Cranbrook is only sixpence more than
half the price paid at Sculcoates. W. A. S. R.
THE DOCTRINE OF CELTICISM.
(4 th S. vii., viii., passim.)
With your usual courtesy and fairness, I feel
assured you will give me leave to say that tc
ridicule what as a reason appeared to rne some-
what grotesque not misrepresentation was rny
intention in suggesting a comparison between
H. R.'s statement of the views of Pro lessor Huxley
and the narrative of Mark Twain. That I cited
the reason first given by H. R., and not the entire
passage, was simply to avoid unnecessary ver-
biage, not deeming his remarks worthy of serious
refutation. It is idle to complain of my way of
dealing with the "argument" of an adversary,
for argument there is none. I presume it is not
pretended that Professor Huxley has discovered
anv contemporary record ; if not, what amount of
hypothetical evidence in the view of H. R. would
be sufficient to overturn an historic fact ? Pro-
fessor Huxley himself, so far as it appears, infers
the Celticism of the early inhabitants of the
British Isles from the testimony of existing rnonu-
ments, and which I have already met by the plain
statement of fact that wherever it has been pos-
sible to bring these to the test of competent
scholarship, such have invariably proved to be
Gothic or Teutonic. It is surprising to find this
peculiar dogma asserting itself even with men of
acknowledged scholarship and ability. Mr. W.
98
NOTES AND QUERIES.
IX. FEB. 3, 72.
F. Skene, in his preface to Fordun's Chronica
Gentis Scotorum, just issued from the press, is
clearly unable to curb his strong Celtic predilec-
tions. " What Bower does in his account of these
coronations," Mr. Skene says, "is to throw the
more ancient and Celtic element into the back-
ground," &c. : the fact being that there is not a
tittle of evidence to show that such an element
ever existed. Walter Bower, as is well known,
was the continuator of Fordun's narrative. Good-
all, who in 1744 issued proposals for printing the
Scoto-chronicon, with Bower's continuation, says
of the latter that he
" Inserted a great number of historical passages very
proper to be recorded and known, which, though omitted
by Forduo, are of equal authority with his own work, for
Bower had diligently consulted both records and other
authentic monuments."
All this Mr. Skene relates in his preface still,
however, regarding it as " unfortunate " that the
statements of Bower, rather than those of Fordun,
should have been adopted as the basis of Scottish
history. Mr. Skene considers it essential that
Fordun's narrative should be distinguished from
the "interpolations of his continuators, and re-
produced freed from the manipulation it has under-
gone at their hands ; " that is, that as the state-
ments of Bower, and possibly those contained in
certain supposed interpolations which may not be
Bower's, do not fit with the " Doctrine of Cel-
ticism," these must henceforward be discounted
from the materials of authentic history. If the
ethnological views of a section of archaeologists
will not fit the record, the record must be altered
to fit their hypotheses, and this probably furnishes
the key to the whole undertaking. We find
Mr. Cosmo Innes in like manner tampering with
the text of Bede. How the circumstance that
Bower lived a generation later than the originator
of the narrative, whose work, with equal advan-
tages of scholarship and access to the then existing
records of events, he carried forward to its com-
pletion, should render his testimony unworthy of
credit, I fail to perceive. On the contrary, living
nearer to ourselves in the order of time, and of
consequence more remote from the events he
describes, he must, on the showing of H. R., have
had "access to some information and discussion
that were not accessible to that eminent writer."
W. B. '
Glasgow.
[This discussion must now close.]
forty years ago, I and a schoolfellow occasionally
visited at the house of a Mr. Oxiey, a surgeoo
there, in whose garden was a grave and tomb-
stone, but to whose memory it was erected I
cannot now remember.
Again : a Mr. Jonathan Dent of Winterton, co.
Lincoln, a very eccentric and wealthy man, was
buried in his garden some thirty years ago ; and
his old housekeeper, who was equally as eccentric
though not so wealthy as her master, was a few
years afterwards buried in her garden at Sturton,
co. Lincoln.
At Epworth, co. Lincoln, I believe there are
several instances of burials in gardens. Last year
a friend of mine purchased a medical practice at
Epworth, and part of the arrangement was that
he should occupy the house and premises of his
predecessor. In looking over the agreement as to
the occupation, I found a clause reserving to the
landlord the right of access to the garden for the
purpose of "burying the dead of his family." On
inquiry I found the fact to be that the family burial-
ground of the landlord was actually in my friend's
garden in front of the house, and within five or six
feet of the dining-room window; that the landlord's
father was buried there some five or six years
ago ; that another member of the family (an old
lady) would in all human probability be buried
there at no very distant date ; and that the land-
lord himself would follow suit when his time
arrived. The funeral of the landlord's father took
place one evening when it so happened that the
medical gentleman who then occupied the house
chanced to have an evening party, and the pro-
ceedings at the funeral, which were of a very
simple character, were witnessed by the assembled
guests from the dining-room window. No graves
are visible, but below the grass-plot (and croquet-
ground !) there is a very capacious vault, in which
repose the remains of several members of this very
curious family.
My friend, the present occupant, watches with
some degree of curiosity the health of the old
lady who is to be the next occupant of the vault,
but, being a hard-headed Scotch Highlander, he
feels no interest in the matter beyond curiosity. I.
suppose his profession has hardened him, for he
says he fears no- living man, and he is sure the
dead cannot harm him. W. E. HOWLETT.
Dunstan House, Kirton-in-Lindsey.
BURIALS IN GARDENS.
(4 th S. viii. 434, 539.)
I know of several instances of burials in a
garden, and the custom, as I shall shortly show, I
is not even yet extinct in this county of Lincoln, j
When a boy at Crowle (co. Lincoln), more than |
This used to be a frequent practice in the West
Indies amongst the earlier English families there.
Apropos, perhaps it may interest P. A. L. to
know that at much personal inconvenience, and
with my own hands, I succeeded in removing the
dense mass of creeping plants which literally
covered, as with a green mantle, the whole of the
tombs, near Kingston, Jamaica, of the unfortunate
French refugees from St. Domingo; and have
4 S. IX. FEB. 3, 72.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
preserved copies of the epitaphs that now form a
portion of the large collection of similar records
of our earlier colonists, which I have not been
able to publish owing to a variety of causes.
SP.
In the register of deaths kept by the Society of
Friends (now at Somerset House) is recorded the
decease of Edward Champion at Murlinch, Somer-
set, October 30, 1680, with the note" Buried in
his garden." U. N.
DERBY OR DARBY.
(4 th S. viii. passim.}
On this subject it is at least incorrect to ask,
whether the letter e was formerly pronounced a?
(p. 381). The vowel letters e and a have each at
present, in our language, three distinct full vocal
sounds. The sounds of e occur in we, west, and
there. Those of a are found in ware, has, and was.
The e in there, and the a in ware, are practically,
if not quite, the same. E and a occasionally stand
for five of the seven principal vowel sounds, of
which a scale has appeared ("N. & Q.," 4 th S.
vi. 523).
The question which continually crops up like
Banquo's ghost, in the midst of our intellectual
banquet in " N. & Q.," seems to be whether the
name of the important midland town or shire, or
other district, and the title derived from one or
any of them, should be pronounced as if spelt with
e or with a Derby or Darby. According to Glover
(Derby, 1831) the Romans called a place near it
" Derventio." In the reign of Athelstan (925-41)
a coin struck at Derby has DEORABY marked on
it. Domesday Book calls the shire u Dereberie " j
and in Rymer's Fcedera, under date 1199, John I.,
" Dereby " occurs. But a still earlier mention
appears to be that relating to the Phoenicians,
who were principally interested in the district
from its smelting works, originally carried on near
the u Tors " or stony hill tops.
The vowel sound now employed to pronounce
Derby seems to be one which did not occur in
the Roman alphabet, or at least there was no
apparent provision made for it by a distinct vowel
letter. The Roman e, like the Greek epsilon, was
probably the English e in there, or, as some edi-
tions of Walker have it, in desist. The Romans
probably pronounced Dervmtio, Ddyrventio, or per-
haps Dirventio or Durventio, which approached
Darventio. There is a village on the river Der-
went, near Derby, at present called Darley. In
America, to which emigrating colonies transported
the names of our towns, there are more "Darbys"
than u Derby s" amongst the designations of places.
Many names and words appear to have pos-
sessed a double original, as if it had required two
parental sources to produce vigorous verbal off-
spring. If the Phoenicians regarded Derby as the
depot of their smelting works amongst the "Tors"
in the upper valley of the Derwent, they may
have given it the broad sound afterwards pre-
served on the Saxon coin marked DEORABY, and
probably pronounced Dyorby. The river Derwent
may have either had originally, or have come to
bear a less broad initial syllable, and the town
may have had its name modified as the dwelling
on the Derwent. As for the title of the Stan-
| ley family, even if it was given from a district
still called " Darby," it is quite natural that at
court the name should be refined into its present
usual sound, especially if the great midland town
was so called. JOHAN.
Leland's Itinerary speaks of " Darby, a market-
town in Darbyshire." A map of the county has
the following title : " Comitatus Darbiensis. Valk
and Shenk, Amsterdam, 1680"; and another,
undated one, is inscribed " Darbiensis Comitatus,
vernaculi Darbieshire." In many of the parish
registers of the seventeenth century, and in several
old deeds of that date also, I find the name pho-
netically spelt. J. CHARLES Cox.
Hazehvood, Belper.
In the year 1833 I was a passenger by the mail
coach (occupying the box-seat) from Manchester
to London, leaving Manchester 9 A.M. At Derby
we dined, and changed our coachman. Resuming
my place on the box, I recognised in our new
coachman a former whip of a Norfolk coach 'run-
ning through Cambridge. After some conversa-
tion of old times, I put the question (on his telling
me that he had driven the Manchester mail out
of Derby for the last six months) : " Then you
must be some authority as to the pronunciation of
the name of the town. Is it Derby or Darby ? "
"Well, sir," replied my friend, "you see it is
called Drby ; as if it was spelt with a h in-
stead of a he ! " Surely this must be conclusive.
R. S. E.
Copenhagen.
[This discussion must now close.]
" WITH HELMET ON HIS BROW."
(4 th S. ix. 15.)
MR. STEPHEN JACKSON asks for information
about two or three old songs and tunes, to which
I respond with pleasure. The song " With
Helmet on his Brow " was written to a French
melody, of no great antiquity, entitled " Le petit
Tambour." It was very popular in France about
forty years ago, and perhaps originally belonged
to some vaudeville. The composer is not known
to me, nor am I acquainted with the author of the
English words.
" Robin Adair " is an ancient Irish air known
100
NOTES AND QUERIES.
S. IX. FKB. 3, '72.
as Eileen Aroon, and by other names. It was
revived, to the words of "Robin Adair," by
Brahani in 1811, who sang it at his benefit at
the Lyceum on December 17 in that year. The
words and music were then published, the latter
arranged by William .Reeve, the leader of the
orchestra at the Lyceum. Boieldieu introduced
the air in his opera of La Dame Blanche, but it
must have been composed a couple of centuries
before he was born.
" The Last Rose of Summer " is a melody of
far less antiquity than that just mentioned. It is
also known as " The Groves of Blarney," and was
brought into popularity about 1798, through
MUliken's well-known song being written to its
strains. The old name appears to have been
"Lady Jeffries' Delight." Flotow introduced it
in his opera of Martha (1847) : hence he is some-
times ignorantly supposed to have been its
composer.
" Home, sweet Home," is really the composition
of Sir Henry Bishop, who inserted it in his
National Melodies as a "Sicilian" air, but after-
wards confessed to its being his own composition.
He introduced the melody to the words of " Home,
sweet Home," in Howard Payne's opera of Clari
(1823), from which time its popularity com-
menced. I have frequently talked with the late
Sir Henry about his dramatic productions, when
this was mentioned ; and our meetings were not
^infrequent, as I had the pleasure to assist him in
the compilation of his Lectures delivered at
Oxford and elsewhere. Donizetti introduced the
air (with some alterations) in his opera of Anna
Bolena (1828), but he never dreamt of claiming
its composition. The idea was to give character
to an old English story by introducing a popular
English melody. It was" suggested to the com-
poser by Madame Pasta, who performed the
heroine. I may add that I have seen two collec-
tions of songs, one printed at Milan, the other at
Naples, in both of which the air of " Home,
sweet Home," appears with the name of Doni-
zetti as the composer thus giving currency to
the popular error. EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
I have known this air for the last forty years as
that of a French or perhaps Swiss song, com-
mencing f{ Je suis le petit tambour." The rest of
the song I have forgotten, if I ever knew it. My
belief is that our version is an adaptation, but I
can give no authority for this opinion. C. S.
England has no claim to the air of this song,
which is that of the well-known French chanson
" Je suis le petit tambour." My copy of the song
(a manuscript one) states the air to be " French,
adapted by G. W. Reeve," but does not name the
author of the words, which are not, I think, de-
void of merit. H. A. KENNEDY.
Waterloo Lodge, Reading.
JERVIS : JARVIS (4 th S. viii. 530.) I think I
can adduce a very good reason for Jervis not being
pronounced, as it too frequently is by persons not
of the family, as Jarvis. The ancestor of the
Staffordshire Jervis family, of whom Viscount St.
Vincent is a junior branch, descends from Ger-
vasius de Standon ; whose grandson, Robert
Gervays de Chatculme (18 Edward III.), had
Anglicised the name, and in 149G it becomes
James Jervys of Chatkyll. Gervasius is the Chris-
tian name, derived from the martyr St. Gervaae
(or St. Gervais), who is commemorated with St.
Protase en June 19 in Spain, and on the following-
day in France. The name of Gervase, as a Chris-
tian name, may be found in the Markham family,
and I doubt not in many others. THUS.
_ STATTHE (4 th S. viii. 395, 489; ix. 23) is de-
rived from the A.-S. stcieft, or sta'6, a shore or
bank. WILLIAM ALDIS WRIGHT.
Cambridge.
In Cumberland this name is applied to a depot
for coals, &c. At Brampton, for instance, the
coals from the Earl of Carlisle's pits are brought
by rail, and deposited near the outskirts of the
town, at a place which has always been known as
the Coal-staith. J. MACQ.UEEN.
CHANGE OF BAPTISMAL NAMES (4 th S. viii.
passim ; ix. 19.) The daughters of the celebrated
Maria-Theresa of Austria had two baptismal
names : the first was their mother's. (This custom
still obtains now-a-days in Catholic countries. I
know a lady whose name is also Marie-Therese,
and whose daughters are called Marie-Josephine,
Marie-Sophie, and Marie Carola).
One of the daughters of the great empress of
Austria was the lovely and ill-fated Marie-Antoi-
nette. Her sister, likewise a queen, was christened
Marie-Charlotte. She was called by the latter
name in her family, and always signed Charlotte,
but in Italy she was ycleped Caroline, and by
that name is she known in history.
The eldest sister of Napoleon, the wife of Felix
Bacciochi, who afterwards became Duchess of
Lucca and Piombino, under the name of Eliza,
had been christened Marie- Anne, and in 1792 she
signed Marianne. (See La Revue retrospective,
on Bibliotheque hixtorique, No. xii. Sept. 1834.)
In her Acte de Naissance she is mentioned as being
born on Jan. 3, 1777, " Fille du tres-illustre M.
Charles de Buonaparte, Noble du Royaume, et de
la tres-illustre Dame Marie Lsetitia son epouse."
The coat of arms of the family is likewise there
given. P. A. L.
PUNISHMENT OF MUTINY (4 th S. viii. 549.)
It was that grand sailor Captain Pellew, after-
wards Lord Exmouth, who uttered the threat
alluded to by M.D. I have not his Life by me,
but I can trust my memory. A supposed incor-
rigible character had been transferred to his ship
S. IX. FEB. 3, 72.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
101
from another. Captain Pellew greeted the new-
comer: "I know all about you, and what your
character is, my man. I'll give you a fair start,
and let all that is past be past ; but if you take to
playing at mutiny on board my ship, by God, I'll
have you headed up in a cask and cast you loose
at sea ! " The threat, or rather the character and
system of the man who uttered it, answered its
object fully. Whether it would have been acted
on may, of course, be questioned. E. A. H.
[A. R. G. has since sent another version of this story,
quoted from Lord Collingwood's Life and Memoir.]
BATTLE OF FLODDEN FIELD (4 th S. viii. 549.)
MR. JACKSON will find a list of the Scottish noble-
Thos. Pegg & Co., 1859, and published originally
in The Archceologia (Eliana, vol. iii., new series.
This is the best account of the battle I have met
with. There is also another by the Rev. Robert
Jones, vicar of Branxton, 12rno, Black wood & Sons,
18(34, containing a number of interesting details.
The English lost very few officers, and these are
well known. But a list of those who distinguished
themselves, and received the honour of knight-
hood from the Earl of Surrey in consequence, will
be found in "A Contemporary Account of the
Battle " printed by Mr. David Laing in the seventh
volume of the Proceedings of the Society of Anti-
quaries of Scotland, p. 151. W. E.
BLUE-VINID CHEESE (4 th S. viii. 486, 556.)
In Richardson's Dictionary it is stated that vinny
or vinewed is derived from fynig : the past parti-
ciple of &.-8.fi/m'ff-ean, to spoil, corrupt, decay :
" Many of Chaucer's words are become, as it were,
vinew'd or hoarie with over long lying." Beaumont,
" Letter to Speght," (Chaucer, IGO-')-
Richardson adds :
" Lye remarks, that the Devonshire people call bread,
cheese, &c., vinny, when spoilt by mould or must."
Shakespeare has the word
" Speak, then, you vineivedst leaven."
Tro'dus and Cressida, ii. 1.
So the later editions. The quarto has "vnsalted,"
and the folio " whinidst." Johnson suggests that
Shakespeare altered vnsalted, remembering that
want of salt was no fault in leaven.
Another form of the word is fenowed. The
Scripture " is a panary of wholesome food against
fenoiued traditions " (Translator's Preface to Auth.
Version.) From the same A.-S. word we get fen,
' formerly applied to any corrupt matter, but now
only to stagnant water or marsh. Thomson
speaks of " the putrid fens."
The above extracts will show why the term
vinny is given to a particular sort of cheese, which
is not ripe until it is rather "gone"; they will
also explain the application of the word to a
spoiled child. T. LEWIS 0. DAVIES.
THE DUKE OF WELLINGTON AND THE BISHOP
OF LONDON (4 th S. viii. 433, 554.) I related the
anecdote referred to as the duke himself related
it in the hearing of twenty persons, and I affirm
that my version is word for word, with very slight
variations, the duke's own. The most improbable,
if not impossible, fiction of the "breeches" is
self-evidently grafted upon it by some humorist.
I say " word for word," but make an exception,
because it is possible that the duke may have
said < beeches " instead of ''trees"; but his ex-
planation of his own interpretation, that "the
Bishop of London possessed an estate near Har-
row," c., sets aside this absurd caricature of the
incident. It is not possible that two such mis-
takes should have occurred.
HERBERT RANDOLPH.
Eingmore, Ivybridge.
I have heard this story as told by your two
correspondents in " N. & Q." of Dec. 30 : but as
MR. RANDOLPH says nothing about the breeches
part of it, and he heard the duke tell it himself,
I am afraid we must reluctantly give up this part.
I say reluctantly, because the story as your other
correspondents tell it, and as I heard it many
years ago, is a capital one ; but, like many capital
stories, too good to be true. One can hardly
imagine a more farcical incident than the Bishop
of London's receiving a note from the Duke of
Wellington offering to show him as many pairs
of breeches as the bishop wished to see.
Apropos of breeches, may I tell you that a friend
bf mine once asked me if a Breeches Bible was so
called because it was meant to be put in the
breeches pocket ! JONATHAN BOTJCHIEK.
BATTLE OF HARLAW (4 th S. viii. 527 ; ix. 46.) '
For a prose account of this battle I would refer
W. A. to Boeee's Chronicles of Scotland, trans-
lated by Bellenden, ed. 1821, ii.*485 ; Scott's Prose
Works, ed. 1870, xxii. 256 ; and Ty tier's History
of Scotland, ed. 1841, iii. 149. Tytler's account is
the longest, but they do not seem to differ ma-
terially. ARCH. WATSON.
Glasgow.
Miss EDGEWORTH (4 th S. viii. 451, 557.) I beg
to inform THUS that a very interesting work in
three volumes was printed some years ago, for
private circulation only, under the title Recollec-
tions of Miss Edgeivorth. It was reviewed in the
Edinburgh for October, 1867. A friend of mine,
who is intimately acquainted with the Edgeworth
family, kindly lent me his copy ; and I cannot help
expressing my deep regret that so truly valuable
a contribution to the history of contemporary
society, both in England and abroad, should be
withheld from general circulation.
Harrow-on-the-Hill. GUSTAVE MASSON.
There is an interesting autobiography of Miss
Maria Edgeworth's -father, entitled, Richard Lovell
102
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[4h S. IX. FKB. 3,
Edgeworth's Memoirs, begun by himself, and con-
cluded by his Daughter, Maria Edgeworth. A third
edition was published in London, 1844, 8vo.
C. S. K.
St. Peter's Square, Hammersmith, W.
TAAFFE FAMILY (4 th S. ix. 15.) Is not the
Taaffe mentioned by S. probably Christopher, not
Charles? This Christopher was the son of John
Taaffe of Ballybragan, co. Louth, by Mary the
daughter of his uncle, Sir William Taaffe of Smar-
more, the father of Sir John, the first Viscount
Taaffe, and ancestor of the Earls of Carlington.
Christopher married Lady Susanna Plunket,
daughter of the Earl of Fingall, and was the an-
cestor of the Mayo branch of the family. He was
engaged in the rebellion of 1641, and his estates
were forfeited, and after the restoration appear to
have been granted to his cousin Theobald, the first
Earl of Carlington, from whom he is very likely
to have had a lease. See the Memoirs of the
Taaffe Family, privately printed at Vienna in
1856. J. R M.
RUDSTON MONOLITH (4 th S. viii. passim; ix.
20.) More than forty years ago I carefully ex-
amined this remarkable monument, and ascer-
tained that it was formed of a rock derived from
the same tertiary formation as most of the pillars
of Stonehenge and other monuments of the same
kind in that part of England,, which Professor
Buckland, from its extensive use in such works,
at one time named " Druid-sandstone." I com-
municated my observations to him at the time,
and sent a drawing and specimens of the stone to
the Geological Society. W. C. TREVELYAN.
Nettlecoinb.
BOSWELL (4 th S. viii. 433, 557.) WALTHEOF
has, I think, misunderstood Gray's remarks on
Boswell, so far at least as they refer to his being
bora two thousand years after his time. Gray
does not say this of Boswell, so far at least as I
understand him, but of Paoli. If WALTHEOF will
refer to my note and read my quotation from Gray
again, I think he will see that the phrase is applied
to Paoli. With regard to Gray's implication that
Boswell was a fool, and Macaulay's estimate of
him, that he was t( one of the smallest men that
ever lived," I can only say that I think they are
both right. He was, indeed, the greatest of bio-
graphers, but his character (his admiration of
Johnson and Paoli excepted) seems to me con-
temptible. Macaulay calls him " a dunce, a para-
site, and a coxcomb," and still harder names. His
hero-worshipping tendency, however, undoubtedly
saved him from utter degradation. His motto
seemed to be " Meliora probo, deteriora sequor."
I do not know that we should be justified in say-
ing that Boswell devoted himself to men like
Johnson and Paali merely because they were
famous; he evidently had a genuine love for no-
bility of character and loftiness of intellect in
others, although he had so little of either himself.
I must not, however, write an essay on Boswell,
so I will say no more. JONATHAN BOTJCHIER.
" A PRETTY KETTLE OF FISH" (4 th S. viii. 549)
is said to take its origin from a particular kind of
fetechampetre, where salmon was the principal dish.
The party, providing themselves with a large
caldron, selected a place near a salmon river. The
salmon, after being well boiled in brine, was par-
taken of by the company in gipsy fashion. The
discomfort of such a .pic-nic, especially in bad
weather, is thought by some writers to have given
rise to the phrase " a pretty kettle of fish."
" Kittle of fish " is another saying, signifying a
pretty muddle, the term being derived from the
kittle of fish or apparatus of pulleys employed in
dragging the flukes of the anchor towards the
bow after it had been hoisted to the cat-head. If
the pulleys in question got out of order they
were not inaptly termed " a pretty kittle of fish."
Whether the sea or land term is the correct ex-
Slanation, I will not pretend to say. Sir W.
cott, in St.. Ronan's- Well, refers to the practice
of the pic-nic at the river's side. J. A. S. L.
Edinburgh.
WALPOLIANA (4 th S. ix. 18.) Lowndes states
these ana to have been collected by John Pinker-
ton. While mentioning this book, it is well to
note the following remarks of Miss Berry :
" Talking of works, don't let me forget to answer your
question about the Walpoliana. If you had seen, 3 r ou
would not doubt what we must think about it that it i*
infamous thus to make a dead man speak, and conse-
quently say whatever his editor pleases, which is noto-
riously the case in many instances in the Walpoliana^
besides repeating private and idle conversation, of which,
of all other things, poor Lord Orford bad the greatest
dread. I was at first almost sorry to find that the man
had spoken civilly of us, for fear anybody might suppose
we countenanced such a work ; but I am told, which I
own I did not expect, that it has not at all succeeded t
that it is generally decried, known not to have our sanc-
tion, and that the bookseller has lost money by it, which
last one must be glad to hear, as otherwise the editor
might, and I daresay would, have made other two, or
other six, such volumes, whenever he pleased." Journal
and Correspondence, ii. 108, ed. 1865.
S. W T . T.
HARLEIAN SOCIETY (4 th S. viii. 434, 520.)
With all respect to MR. MARSHALL, I must con-
tend that his note of explanation respecting the
volume which he has recently edited for the Har-
leian Society fully bears out my complaint. The
society promised by its prospectus a copy of the
Visitations of Notts of 1569 and 1614, and I cannot
think that this promise has been fulfilled by a
"faithful transcript of Harl. MS. 1555 collated
with Harl. MS. 1400," inasmuch as these MSS.
jumble together, more or less accurately, the pedi-
grees in both Visitations with " enlargements "
and other pedigrees by an anonymous compiler.
4 t! S. IX. FEB. 3, '72.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
103
I do not doubt that the editor has faithfully re-
produced the MSS., but it is impossible to dis-
tinguish in this volume whether any particular
pedigree depends on the authority of the Visita-
tion of 1569 or that of 1614, or upon any authority
at all. The volume, therefore, is worthless for
historical purposes. It may be said that the
society had not access to the original Visitations
>f Notts ; but they were surely not obliged to print
these particular Visitations at all. The British
Museum contains Visitations of other counties,
which are either originals or copies by well-known
heralds ; and moreover, there are many genealo-
gical MSS. such as Le Neve's Knights, which are
as interesting as any Visitation. Such MSS.
should surely be exhausted first. The Haiieian
Society has taken up an important position, and
its subscribers have a right to protest against its
funds being wasted on printing MSS. which can-
not promote the true interests of genealogy and
history. TEWARS.
" SPEEL" (4 th S. viii passim: ix. 21.) I copy
from niy fragmentary MS. before alluded to in
these pages (the work of Boucher, Barker, &
Hunter), the following notes on spail:
" Spail. Chips, splinters ; any small pieces of wood of
which no use can be made. (See Grose's Prov. Dic-
tionary; the Tour to the Caves, and Gloss, to Exmoor
Scolding.) Skinner has it in his Etymologicon, and says
he took it from Higgins. It is common in all the Eng-
lish northern counties.
" Too late I knew, Quha hewis to hie,
The spoil sail fall into his eie.'
Cherry and Slae, at. 14.
See the same in Fergusson's Proverbs, No. 323, p. 13
' He is not the best wright that hews maist spails.'
Fergusson, Proverbs, No. 343.
' Quhil the spalls and the sparkis spedely out sprarng.'
Pinkerton's S. P. vol. iii. p. 94.
Ibid. 108. Kendal Addresses, p. 32 ; Learmont, p. 23.
Holland, in his translation of Pliny, vol. ii. v p. 44, spells
the word spils, and spels at p. 149. In this word we are
supposed to be indebted to the German spalten, to cleave,
split (itself a derivative from the same theme), or shave
off. The word spalt, a more obvious, because more im-
mediate derivative of spalten) has also still a provincial
existence among us. See it in the list of Suffolk words
in the Hist, of Hawsted, p. 173, Bibl. Topogr. vol. v., and
also in Grose's Provincial Diet, spelled spolt. He says
it is a Norfolk term, and signifies wood grown brittle
through dryness. But the definition would have been
closer to the sense of the original, and not less faithful,
had it been said that it was such wood as would easily
split, or was apt to split, whether from dryness or any
other cause. In Sweden alone they have formed a noun
from this Teutonic spalten, resembling the Northern spail,
viz. Spjal, segmentum, lamina; and a small portion of a
field, such as we might call a slipe, is there also called a
spjal. Analogous to this spail, and of the same family,
is spelk, a thin limber piece of wood. ... In many
parts of Scotland split pease are on the same principle
called spittings."
J. ELIOT HODGKIN.
West Derby, Liverpool.
"NOT LOST, BUT GONE BEFORE " (4 th S. V.
passim ; viii. 34, 99, 426.) If the discussion of
this passage is not quite exhausted, I think I may
add a testimony to the use of the phrase prior to
Keble's Christian Year, from an epitaph upon a
tablet on the walls of the nave of the church in
this village.
The inscription runs as follows:
" Near this place lieth the body of
WILLIAM WILKS,
Who departed th?s life May 12th, 1803,
Aged 42 Years.
" In perfect health I went from home.
Not thinking that my glass was run.
The earth is nothing, heaven in all,
Death has not hurt "me by my fall.
Dear friends, pray weep for me no more,
I am not lost, but gone before.
All flowers grow, but fade away,
More sudden death does life decay."
R. H. A. B.
Sutton-under-Brailes Rectory.
" GREAT GRIEFS ARE SILENT " (4 th S. viii.
passim ; ix.23.) I recollect reading the following
lines in a lady's album some fifty years ago.
Some of your readers may know whence they
came :
" Passions are likened best to floods and streams
The shallow murmur, but the deep are dumb."
CHAS. B. D. BETHUNE.
Balfour, Markinch, N T .B.
[Sir Walter Raleigh, "The Silent Lover."]
For a modern example of this sentiment, vide
11 The Garden of Florence " by John Hamilton
Reynolds :
" Sternest sorrow ruffles not the mind."
JAMES HENRY DIXON.
"PROGRESS": "TRAFALGAR": "DFNSINANE"
(4 th S. viii. 369; ix. 26.) I ask to be allowed a
word with your correspondent S., who, in com-
menting on the verb progress, introduces the proper
names Trafalgar and Dunsinane. As to the former
of these two, it is nearly twenty years since I ven-
tilated its accentuation in your columns (1 st S. vi.
362) ; and about six years ago (3 rd S. ix. 297) the
subject was again mooted, apparently in ignorance
of its having been already discussed. To the in-
formation thus collected in your pages I must
briefly refer S., who will. see that Byron, in his
" spoils of Trafalgar," neither fell into " a false
pronunciation," nor used u a poetical license." I
would especially call his attention to the con-
cluding paragraph of MR. C. II. COOPER'S con-
tribution at 1 st S. vi. 438.
Nor is S. more happy in his allusion to Shake-
speare's Dunsinane. He says, " after ' Birnam
Wood shall march to Dunsinane ' (which is cor-
rect), we have ' high Dunsinane hill.' " Now here
are two errors : (1.) to be accurate, "Dunsinane
hill " occurs in Act IV. Sc. 1, and co
not after, all the other
comes before,
passages (in Act V.)
104
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[4 th S. IX. FI-B. 3. 72.
where the name is found. This is a small matter,
but (2) the accent on the final syllable is not, as
he says, correct, if we are to take the local pro-
nunciation and on what else can we rely ? we
must place the accent on the penultimate. -In
fact Shakspeare was right in his first guess as to
the quantity.
I know the place well, and hardly a week passes
without my directing a letter thither, which I do
to Daratfmute, as the name, to prevent blunders,
is now always spelt. If S. have occasion to hire
a vehicle at the Perth station for conveyance to
the classic spot, he had better surrender his view
of what is correct, and adopt mine, or he may
meet with difficulty. W. T. M.
Shinfield Grove.
COUNCIL OF EPHESUS (4 th S. ix. 75.) In
answer to G. D. W. O. see Lectures on ilie Eastern
Church (Lecture IV.), and an article on the
" Council of Constantinople " in the Quarterly
Review about five years ago. A. P. S.
"ONCE IN THE SILENCE," ETC. (4 th S. viii. 528.)
These lines are undoubtedly the opening verse of
a hymn, to be found in several collections, e. g.
in Montgomery's Christian Psalmist, p. 62. They
are not identical, doubtless of the same hymn.
The hymn begins /
" In Israel's fane by silent night."
S. S. S.
Words similar to, though not identical with,
th^se will be found at the beginning of No. xxxii.
of Easy Hymns for National Schools, published by
the Christian Knowledge Society. T. W. WEBB.
ROSEMARY (4 th S. viii. 553.) There must be
some mistake in the article 'signed THUS. The
rosemary is not the Rosa spinosissima a rose that
has been fully discussed in "N. & Q." The rose-
mary has nothing to do with the rose, or, as some
think, with the Virgin Mary. The Latin name
is Ros marinus, i. e. sea dew ; and it is so called
because the under part of the leaves is white, as
if splashed with the spray of the ocean.
A MURITHIAN.
SIR ADAM PESHALL (4 th S. ix. 14) was great-
grandson and heir, it is presumed, of Sir Adam
Peshall, who was sheriff (an officer in those days
of great authority) of Staffordshire 15 Edw. Ill,
and who made a great accession to his estate by
marriage with two heiresses, the daughters of
John Weston, Lord of Weston Lizard, co. Salop,
' and John de Caverswall of Bishop's OfHey, same
county. In Eyton's Antiquities of Shropshire the
name frequently occurs, and some account of Sir
Adam is given in Erdeswick's Surrey of Stafford-
sMre by Hafwood, p. 164 et seq. His pedigree
will be found in Burke's Extinct and Dormant
Baronetcies, p. 406. II. M. VANE.
Eaton Place, S.W.
" LIKE THE WALSALL MAN'S GOOSE " (4 th S.
ix. 35.) That " a goose is a very silly bird, too
much for one but not enough for two," is scan
a local saying. I have heard it in several widely
separated parts of England. Nor is the credit of
it always given to Walsall. Tewkesbury, at least,
has a claim on it. WM. PENGELLY.
THE LEXINGTON PAPERS (4 th S. ix. 36.) The
following is from Sharpens Peerage, published by
John Sharpe, London, 1830 :
" Robert, first Baron Lexington, descended from the
Lords of Lexington, eo. Notts, barons by tenure, temp.
K. John, was distinguished f '<>r his loyalty to K. Char!
and for his services AV.-IS created, ir>4o, Baron Lexington,
of Aram, co. Notts. He died 1G68.
" Robert, second Baron Lexington, son and heir, was
eminent as a diplomatist at the Courts of Vienna and
Madrid, and at the Treaty of Ryswick. He flic <'
CHARLES XAYLOR.
CHEAP BOOKCASES (4 th S. ix. 37.) Iron fra
for bookcases can be purchased at the Eagle
Foundry, Oxford ; but I should hesitate to rev
mend them at all events for private libraries.
H. FISHWICX.
TERTIARIES (4 th S. viii. 167, 215, 428, 488.) I
am sorry that F. C. H. should be hurt at the :
of my reply, but I submit that his answer to
PELAGIUS'S query was by no means correct. His
further assertion that the third Order of
Francis "is hardly known and rarely spoke) \
as the Order of Penance, is certainly quite incor-
rect ; for that is the designation used, not only in
the form of admission of persons, in to the order.
but also in every document and work thereto
relating from the time of its institution down to
this present date at least that I have ever come
across. Here and in France the order is always_
entitled " 1'Ordre de la Penitence ''; and in all the
English works I possess, commencing- with Father
William Staney's Treatise of the Third Order of
Saint Francis, commordi c'llled the Order of Penance,
published at Do way in 1617, and ending with The
M'tnnal, published by Messrs. Burns & Lambert
in 1857, it is called the Order of Penance. I wish
also to add here that Alban Butler's statement,
that St. Francis left the order only a confra-
ternity, and not a religious order, is a mere as-
sertion, the exactness of which is by no im-
proved. W. H. JAMES WEALE. .
Bruges.
PALESTRTKA,(4 th S. viii. 402, 518.) The plain
chant in the Graduale, Vesperale, and Diurnale,
published by Hauicq at Mechlin, differs consider-
ably from that in the mediaeval manuscripts for-
merly, and even now, in use in some churches in
the Low Countries and in Germany. The altera-
tions were adopted from manuscripts copied in
Rome by, or rather for, the late Cardinal Sterckx,
and said to be by Palestrina, and to embody that
musician's ideas for the reformation of the plain
4 th S. IX. FEB. 3, '72.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
105
chant; but, I believe, the editors went even fur-
ther than the manuscript. Their theory was, that
the chant had become corrupted in the course of
time by additions, and, I believe, they claim to
have brought it back to its original purity. The
result, in my humble opinion, is, that they have
produced chants, in the hymns especially, which
lack the go and spirit of those in the older manu-
scripts. This modern Mechlin use has not been
adopted in any other diocese in 'Belgium.
Bruges. W. H. JAMES WEALE.
A GENEALOGICAL HINT (4 th S. viii. 5.13 j ix. 45.)
Your correspondent is late with his suggestion as
to the adoption of the mother's maiden name
before that of the father. This was made by
E. G. R. fifteen years ago in your columns (2 nd
S. ii. 197), and approved by the late M. A. LOWER
in 2 nd S. ii. 2D9, where that great authority
pointed it out as already made by himself years
before that in his English Surnames ; and there it
will be found in a note, vol. i. p. 172 ; 3rd edition.
Shinfield Grove. W. T. M.
BAUDKIN (4 th S. ix. 37.) In the Glossary of
Ecclesiastical Terms, lately edited by the IJev.
Orby Shipley, the name of the stuff called
" Baudkin " is said to have come from its having
been originally manufactured at Baldeck or Baby-
lon, It is otherwise called " Baldequin " and
" Baudekin," and from its being used for the
covering of the canopy carried over the Blessed
Sacrament in processions, the canopy itself came
to be called "Baldechiimm," as found in all books
of ritual and ceremonial. F. C. H.
[HORATTUS writes that a note on this subject will be
found in the first volume of Col. Yule's Marco Polo.~\
CAPTURE or KICHARD I. (4 th S. ix. 38.) A
detailed narrative may be found in C. Knight's
Popular History of England, published by Brad-
bury and Evans, 1856, i. pp. 319, 320. Some
interesting particulars are also given in C. Selby's
Events to be remembered in the History of England,
published. by Darton and Co., pp. 65, 66.
CHARLES NAYLOR.
POYNTZ FAMILY (4 th S. ix. 38.) C. L. W. C.
will find in a foot-note of Croker's edition (1853)
of BosivelVs Life of Dr. Johnson, viii. p. 145, a
short account of the burning of Cowdray, and the
drowning of the two sons of Mr. Poyntz, which
event is stated to have occurred on July 7, 1815.
P. K.
"ALL-TO" (4 th S. viii. passim.) A* much
earlier example than any given by your corre-
spondents occurs in the inscription of the dial at
Ivirkdale church, Yorkshire, which informs us that
in the Confessor's days Orm rebuilt the church :
" ftONXE HIT PES JET, TOBROCAN T TOFALAX."
" When it was all tobroken & tofallen."
This seems very much to the purpose in refer-
ence to MR. SKEAT'S undoubtedly correct view as
to the origin of the phrase. J. T. F.
NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.
A Dictionary of English Etymology. By Hensleigh
Wedgwood, M.A., late Fellow of Chr. Coll., Cam.
Second Edition, thoroughly revised and corrected by the
Author, and extended to the Classical Roots of the
I^mguage. With an Introduction on the Formation of
Language. Parts 1. and II. (Trilbner & Co.)
In the ten or twelve years which have elapsed since
the first appearance of this important contribution to our
knowledge of English etymology, not only has that
branch of study made considerable progress, but the pub-
lication of the earlier monuments of our language has
been carried on to a remarkable extent. Besides this,
the dictionary itself has been made the subject of special
annotation and criticism, as by Mr. George P. Marsh in
the American edition of the first volume, and by E. Miil-
ler in his Etymological Dictionary (Kb'then, 1865-7), and
by various writers in numerous periodicals. In preparing
this new edition, Mr. Wedgwood has availed himself of
these various aids ; and wherever he has seen reason to
alter the etymology of a word from that originally given,
such word is marked with an asterisk. While in addi-
tion, in deference to the judgment of respected friends,
the etymology of words of classic derivation, generally
omitted in the first edition, has been concisely inserted in
the present work. The book is beautifully printed in
double columns, and will be completed in five parts,
which will form a hand-some volume ; arid as the whole
of the copy is ready for the press, the book will be com-
pleted by April of the present year. We shall look with
great interest for such completion and for the Introduc-
tion, which is to contain the author's views on the
formation of language.
Pictures by Daniel Maclise, with Descriptions and a
Biographical Sketch of the Painter by James Daffome.
(Virtue & Co.)
We some time since called attention to a handsome
volume published by Messrs. Virtue, containing a series
of engravings from' the best pictures by Charles Leslie.
The work before us is a companion, and a very fit-
ting one, containing as it does eleven engravings from
the following pictures by Daniel Maclise Salvator
Rosa and the Picture-Dealer ; A Scene from Midas ;
Gil Bias at Pennaflor ; A Scene from Twelfth Night ;
The Play Scene in Hamlet ; The Origin of the Harp ;
The Nymph of the Waterfall ; Undine ; Orlando about
to Wrestle with Charles, the Duke's Wrestler ; The
Ballad Singer ; and lastly, the Warrior's Cradle. The
engravings are introduced by a biographical sketch of the
artist's life, and accompanied by critical and illustrative
descriptions from the pen of Mr. Dafforne ; the whole
forming a handsome volume which cannot be otherwise
than welcome to the numerous admirers of Daniel
Maclise.
Alphabetical Dictionary of Coats of Arms belonging to
Families in Great Britain and Ireland, forming an
extensive. Ordinary of British Armorials upon an en-
tirely New Plan. By the late John W. Papworth,
F.R.I.B.A., &c. Edited, from p. 696, by Alfred W.
Morant, Esq., F.S.A., &c. Part XV.
Not only the original subscribers to this important
heraldic work, but all Students of Heraldry and British
Family History, will rejoice to see that the labours of
106
NOTES AND QUERIES.
S. IX. FEB. 3, 72.
the late Mr. Papworth are not to be left in an imperfect
and consequently unsatisfactory state, but that, with the
assistance of Mr. Morant, the book is to be completed,
(the whole of the MS. having been prepared for press), as
early as possible with due regard to careful revision.
For'the benefit of such of our readers as may be desirous
of getting prospectuses and information respecting it, we
may state that communications with regard to these should
be addressed to Mr. Wyatt Papworth, 13, Hart Street,
Bloomsbury Square.
Debrett's Illustrated Peerage and Titles of Courtesy of
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; to
which is added much Information respecting the imme-
diate Family Connections of the Peers. Under direct
Personal Revision and Correction. (Dean & Son.)
Debretfs Illustrated Baronetage, with the Knightage of
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland ; to
which is added much information respecting the imme-
diate Family Connections of the Baronets. Under
direct Personal Revision and Correction. (Dean &
Son.)
Debrett, for which its editor claims the merit of being
"par excellence the cheapest and most popular book of
its class," has certainly the additional one of being
very compact and very complete. The difficulties with
which the editors of publications of this nature have to
contend in their endeavours to record the facts of family
history are curiously illustrated in the Baronetage before
us, in the shape of a letter threatening the editor with
an action at law in case he does not omit a certain fact,
which we believe is still subjudice.
COL. YULE'S "MARCO POLO." A statement, copied
from the Civil Service Gazette, has appeared in several
papers, that the article in the last Quarterly Review on
Col. Yule's Marco Polo was written by Sir Henry Raw-
linson, K.C.B., whereas it is from the pen of Mr. R. H.
Major, F.S.A., Keeper of the Maps and Charts in the
British Museum.
THE literary brotherhood will be glad to learn that the
Eleventh Annual Supplement to the Catalogue of the
Library of the Corporation of London has just been issued.
BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES
WANTED TO PURCHASE.
Particulars of Price, &c.. of the following books to be sent direct to
the gentlemen by whom they are required, whose names and addresses
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Vols. LXXIV., LXXV. Davenport's Narrative, 2 vols.
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THE COMPLETE SERVANT: being a Practical Guide to the peculiar
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Xarah Adams. London, 1S25.
D'URFEY's SONGS: containing " A Lovely Lass to a Friar Came."
Wanted by Meisrs. Dalton $ Lucy, 28, Cockspur Street, S.W.
THE QUARTERLY REVIEW. Vol. XVIII.
Wanted by Surgeon-Major Fleming, 113, Marine Parade, Brighton.
MARMION. Original Quarto Edition, published in 1808.
Wanted by Rev. John Pickford, M.A., Hungate Street, Pickering,
Yorkshire.
DUBLIN REVIEW. New and Old Series. Complete or odd parts.
BROWNSON s QUARTERLY REVIEW. Complete or odd parts.
Wanted by Jfr. W. E. Ktlly, Graftou Street, Dublin.
DIBDIN'S TYPOGRAPHICAL ANTIQUITIES. 4to. Vol. II.
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ta
Owing to the number of Replies waiting for insertion,
we are compelled to curtail our Notes on Books, 8fC.
FOLK LORE includes Popular Superstition, Ballads,
Legends, and generally, as the name implies, the Lore of
the People. It will be seen from this that we cannot pos-
sibly give a list of books upon the subject. England,
France, and Germany may each boast of as many as would
fill a small library.
C. C. An inquiry after those worthies The Three
Tailors of Tooley Street," has been twice made in " N. & Q."
3 rd S. x. 269 ; 4 tl S. iv. 255, but without eliciting any
reply.
INQUIRER (Edinburgh.) The remark of Uncle Toby
at his visit to a sick brother officer, "Before the wheel could
turn at the cistern," appears to be an allusion to Eccle-
siastes, xii. 6.
THOMAS RATCLIFFE. The custom of throwing the hood
has been noticed in "N. & Q." 2 nd S. iv. 486 ; v. 94, 137.
MAKROCHEIR. For the maxims of the School of
Salerno consult the Penny Cyclopaedia, xx. 346, and
" N. & Q." 3 rd S. i. 53. Sir Alex. Croke edited an edition
of the Regimen Sanitatis Salernitanum, Oxford, 1830.
QUONDAM. For the well-known nursery tale of " The
Three Wise Men of Gotham " we must refer our corre-
spondent to Mr. HalliweWs edition of The Merrv Tales of
the Wise Men of Gotham (Lond. 1840), arffo"N. & Q."
1" S. ii. 476, 520.
HERBERT RANDOLPH. The passage occurs in Shake-
speare, All's Well that Ends Well, Act I. Sc. 3, where the
Clown says : " Though honesty be no puritan, yet it will
do no hurt ; it will wear the surplice of humility over the
black gown of a big heart."
JOHN PICKFORD. Eques Auratus is a knight bachelor,
called auratus, or gilt, because anciently none but knights
might gild or beautify their armour with gold. In law this
term is seldom used ; but instead of it miles, and sometimes
chevalier.
B. C. Consult the article "Carew" in Prince's Worthies
of Devon, edit. 1810, 4to, the articles "Carew" in The
Imperial Dictionarv of Universal Biography, Edinburgh,
vol. i., and " N. & Q." 2 nd S. vi. 395, 439.
THUS. There is a portrait of poor Henry Carey, musi-
cian and poet, painted by Worsdale. (the celebrated
Jemmy!}, and engraved by Faber in 1729, which has
become rare.
NESCIO. J. T. Smith's promised Anecdotic History of
St. Paul's, Covent Garden, was never published.
ANTIQUARIAN. Your first query had come to hand, but
the one since received will be substituted for it. Our
readers generally must not suppose that their papers are
overlooked simply because they do not make an immediate
appearance in the columns of " N. & Q."
ERRATA. 4 th S. ix. p. 78, col. ii. line 3 from bottom, for
" on " read "after"; p. 79, col. i. line 2, and in note, for
"Borville" read " Bosville" ; line 9, for " appointments "
read " appointment " ; p. 79, col. ii. line 8 from bottom,
and throughout the article, for "Teat " read " Peat " ;
and p. 80, col. i. line 21, for " Gent. Mag. 1837, iii." read
" Gent. Mag. 1837, viii."
NOTICE.
We beg leave to state that we decline to return communications
which, for any reason, we do not print; and to this rule we can make no
exception.
All communications should be addressed to the Editor at the Office,
43, Wellington Street, W.C.
To all communications should be affixed the name and address of
the sender, not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee
faith.
4> S. IX. FEB. 10, 72.]
XOTES AND QUERIES.
107
LONDON, SATURDA Y, FEBRUARY 10, 1372.
CONTENTS. N 215.
NOTES : Lonsrtvity Gossip, Ac., 107 Chaucer R-stirwl t
109 Lord Brougham ami Literature, 111 The Order
of 1lu> Black Eajdf, It). The Son.ss of Switzerland, 112
Scotch TMonoy New Bells at Ashti>n-under-Lym> Wool-
\vii--h Dockyard Epitaph in Great Wiibraham Church
First Actor of " Hamlet " Y.vse's " Arithmetic," 115.
QUERIES: Spal.s of Oliver Cromwell, 116 The Arnolds
Dr. R. H. Black and James Black James Hay, Earl of
Carlisle Cherries and the Holy Family Clan Tartan
Sir Francis Drake Deer used in Sacrifice Sir Philip
Francis "God in the Generation of the Righteous"
Hatton's "New View of London" Holy Bible Hali-
well Priory Illurntnatinsc Langnedoc Linguistic
Ciiildre.n Lunrly Island, " Herculis Insula" Mrs. A.
Manson Rev. Mv. Moultrie Persecution of the Heathen
"To Play Hell and Tommy" Provincialisms Pnt-
tock Sir James Stansfield As straight as a, Die"
Song Unicorns Major John Wade, circa Ifiol, 116.
REPLIES : Ebony Portrait of Louis XVI. : Walter Blake
Kirwan, 120 Etymology of (" Harrowsate," 121 The
Size of a Book. 122 Translations of the Talmud, !?:>
Napoleon on Board th^ Northumberland, Ib, White
Bird Featherlcss, &c., 125 Width of Cliurch Naves
Four Children at a Birth Queen Mary Printed Matter
(? >pi< d Cure for Rheumatism Hnro A n Old Son,'? in
praise of Beef RomaM Villa at Northlei^h Shake*
snenriana Arms of Prince Rupert "The Mistletoe
Bouirh " " Join Issue " " Blaok " or " Bleak Bnrnslo.v "
The Marquis de .U<niU> l:n Heron or Her no Gybbon
Spilsbnry Cagots J;MM-, Christian: a Manx Eve
Christening Bit : the Bairn's Piece, &c., 126.
Notes on Books, &c.
LONGEVITY GOSSIP.
VIIOFESSOE OSVKX'S VIEWS THOMAS GEKKAX RICHARD
PLT.SER RECKXT CASES, ETC.
Only those who know the amount of ill-natured
comment and good-natured quizzing to which I
have been subjected for daring to exercise a little
common sense on the subject of Human Longevity
can estimate the gratification with which I have
just seen from Fr user's Magazine of February
that the opinions which I have so long main-
tained are shared by no less eminent an authority
than Professor Owen.
How _ much the truth for which I have been
contending will be advanced by the advocacy of
this eminent man of science it is needless to sug-
gest.
The terms in which Professor Owen's kindness
leads him to speak of my small investigations of
cases of alleged centenarianism makes it difficult
for me to refer to his article in Fmser, but so
important do I consider it that the opinions of this
eminent physiologist on the question of the
Duration of Human Life should be known, that,
at all risks of the sarcasm to which I may lay
myself open, I entreat all who desire to know the
truth to study his article on Longevity. The
Professor's paper owes its origin to a passage in
The Speaker's Commentary, written by the Bishop
of Ely, who says in a note on the fifth chapter of
Genesis: "As to the extreme longevity of the
patriarchs, it is observable that some eminent
physiologists have thought this not impossible."
The article in Fraser is a strong protest against
the accuracy of this statement. The theologian
and physiologist are altogether at issue. With the
main point in dispute I need not trouble your
readers ; but I do desire to bring before them
some of the important opinions expressed by Pro-
fessor Owen on the subject " of the term of life to
which mankind would attain if not cut off by
injury or disease."
Now, I beg the reader's special attention to
what Professor Owen says on this point :
"The conclusions of Professor Flourens ' that, in the
absence of all causes of disease, and under all conditions
favourable to health and life, man might survive as Ionic
after the procreative period ending, say at seventy, in
the male as he had lived to acquire maturity and com-
pletion of ossification, say thirty years, are not un physio-
logical.' Only, under the circumstances under which the
battle of life is fought, the possible term of one hundred
3 r ears inferred by Flourens, as by Buffon, is a rare excep-
tion."
After this declaration, that " the possible term
of one hundred years is a rare exception," the
reader will not be surprised to learn that Professor
Owen treats as utterly unworthy of credit the ages
ascribed to the Countess of Desmond, Henry
Jenkins, and Old Parr.
And here I must be permitted to refer to a
letter which I wrote to The Times last September,
in which I contended that Flourens and others
who maintained that the 152 years of Thomas
Parr were accredited by the testimony of Harvey
were not justified in so interpreting Harvey's
statement ; for that Harvey does not bear testimony
to Parr's age, but simply records what he was
told about it. This daring scepticism shocked
some of my friends. But what says Professor
Owen ?
" Old Parr's 152 years are more confidently adduced
by lovers of the marvellous, charing at the restraint of
scientific laws, on the authority of the truly eminent
physiologist who dissected him. "
"But Harvey merely gives the age reported to him
by the friends or exhibitors who brought the ' old man
marvellous ' to London In this I concur with Mr.
Thorns."
And he is good enough to add that he agrees in
my estimate of the notes cited by Haller from his
Adversaria of the thousand cases of longaeval in-
dividuals between 100 and 150.
There are other parts of the Professor's paper
to which I would gladly refer, such as his caution
against too hastily jumping to the conclusion that
the first Richard Roe met with in a parish re-
gister is the.Eichard Roe of which the inquirer
is in search ; and especially to the very complete
yet very simple explanation of that curious phe-
nomenon often brought forward as a proof of
great age the cutting a third set of teeth ; but I
108
NOTES AXD QUERIES.
[4' h S. IX. FEU. in, 72.
have already laid it under very heavy contribu-
tion, and this almost without touching- upon its
most important part I mean the physiological.
Questions of longevity may be treated in two
ways physiologically and historically. To the
extent of my small powers I have for some time
busied myself in considering- it in its historical
aspect.
Professor Owen has in the paper to which I
have referred brought his great knowledge and
long experience to the physiology of the question,
and I earnestly entreat all who desire to know
the truth to read this delightful and instructive
essay on Longevity.
In marked contrast to the paper to which 1
have been referring is a little book which pro-
fesses, inter alia, to be an answer to Sir Cornewall
Lewis. It is a new edition of the Life of TJiomas
Geeran, in which all the absurd statements of a
gross impostor, which I proved in The Times of
November last, from official documents, to be
utterly false, are repeated, my second letter being
omitted. In the same way, a charge made by Dr.
Massy against the authorities of Chelsea Hospital
is reiterated, although a portion of General Hutt's
letter, pointing out that Dr. Massy had been mis-
informed, is inserted ; and the precious farrago
concludes with a hope that sufficient funds may
be raised by its sale to enable the publisher u to
erect a stone over the grave of the worthy old
soldier" The good sense of the incumbent of the
parish where Geerau is buried will, I trust, prevent
the erection of this monument to the credulity of
his dupes.
I am indebted to this ill-judged publication,
however, for calling my attention to a criticism
printed somewhere between November and the
present time in The Wilts and Gloucester Standard,
on my scepticism as to the case of Richard Purser.
Richard Purser's is a very typical case. I have
a portrait of the old fellow "taken by " J. Ellis,
5, St. Philip's Terrace, Cheltenham," and on the
back of which is written " Richard Purser, age
108, 14 July, 18G4,' ? whether written by the old
man himself I cannot say. I mention the artist's
name in case any reader may desire to procure a
copy.*
If the man who sate for that portrait was much
above four score, he was indeed a very remark-
able man ! He lived four years after being pho-
tographed ; and dying on October 12, 1868 not
" a few months ago/' as my critic says the good
people of Cheltenham, who seem to* be as easily
* If the reader would compare the photograph of a
genuine with that of a spurious centenarian, Jet him
procure the v'ffnttte portrait of Mr. Lulling, taken a month
after he complete^ his century by Mr. Buchanan Smith, of
Blackheath Park, and I will undertake to say that: sm-Ii a
comparison rail show that neither (jeeran nor Purser had
the slightest claim to be considered a centenarian.
duped as the good people of Brighton, buried him
with this inscription on his" collin : " RICHARD
PURSER, DIED 12'm OCTOBER, 1808, AGED 112
YEARS."
But what evidence is there of all this ? and
remember, it is the duty of those who bring for-
ward cases of abnormal longevity to prove them,
and not call upon the doubters to disprove them ;
and moreover, remember that in proportion as the
age is exceptional, the proof ought to be excep-
tionally clear and distinct, and free from possibility
of error.
Now old Purser's assumed ago is not supported
by one scrap of documentary evidence. It rests
partly on his own assertion that he recollected
his mother taking him to see the illuminations
for the coronation of George III., and that he
was working in the Dockyard at Sheerness in
1782, when the Royal George was sunk; and
partly on the recollections of a former rector of
Redmarley, the Rev. James Commeline, who
died (nearly thirty-five years ago) in 1837, in the
seventy-fourth year of his age not seventy-six,
as my critic states. These recollections are given
on the authority of his daughters still living; but
with every confidence in the truthfulness and in-
tegrity of these ladies, memory is very treacherous,
and such testimony is not sufficient, in the absence
of all contemporary and documentary evidence, to
establish such an exceptional case of longevity as
112 vears.
The accounts of Purser vary in several points,
but all agree that he was born at Redmarley
d'Abitot. His name is not, however, to be found
in the register of baptisms some say because he
was illegitimate. But I doubt this. The entries
'' baseborn," " bastard," &c. are so frequent in
registers, that I doubt if "illegitimacy" ever
deprived children of the privilege of baptism.
Others say because the register is imperfect and
so it is ; there is no register of baptisms for 1783-
1789. To my mind it is much more probable
that Purser's name would be found in the missing-
leaf which contained these baptisms, than that he
lived to be 112.
Exception has been taken to my statement in
my letter to The Times of November 24, that,
judging from his photograph, ''Purser looked
much nearer eighty, as I believe he was " ; but,
turning to my memoranda about Purser, I find
that in the letter from Cheltenham dated Oct. 19.
1868, which recorded his death in The Times, the
writer anticipates this opinion of mine ; nay, even
goes beyond it, for he says the portrait u exhibits
a peaceful happy expression in his face, not looking*
more than seventy or eighty years of age."
I could bring forward many points in Purser's
history which call for explanation, and I wish
some of the believers in his great age would ascer-
tain from his son said to bo him?olf sixty-three in
4 th S. IX. FEB. 10, '72.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
109
1868 when and where his father was married,
for the register might state his age.
Had I not already overtaxed the courtesy of
the Rev. Charles Longfield by my inquiries, I
should like to know also whether the Kedmarley
register of marriages contains an entry of the mar-
riage of the possible father and mother of the old
man somewhere about the year 1780.
But as my critic mistakes the time of Purser's
death "a few months ago" (it was October 1868),
his reputed age, which was 112 and not 111
Mr. Commeline's age, which was seventy-four,
not seventv-six says "that Purser and that gen-
tleman must have been about the same age ; for
two young men of twenty-three could not sup-
pose one another to be of the same age"; whereas
Purser is said to have been born in 1756, and
Mr. Commeline was born in 1763 (not 1766),
seven years after; and moreover admits " that it
is impossible to say what Purser's right age was,
but it must have been within one or two, say five
years at the outside," of his reputed age he will,
I trust, forgive me if I continue in my unbelief.
I am open to conviction ; but it must be upon
evidence, and nothing worthy of being so called
has yet been brought forward.
The more cases of centenarianism which I ex-
amine, the more I am convinced of the caution
with which statements of abnormal longevity
must be received.
Within the last few weeks I have ascertained
beyond question that one old fellow, said to be
certainly 110, but believed to be much older, and
this by people of education and intelligence, is
really between eighty and ninety ; that another,
supposed to have'died at 105, wanted more than
fifteen years of that age; that a third, also re-
puted 105, was ninety-five ; and that a veteran,
who in his old age became a preacher, and used
to startle his hearers by describing the dreadful
scenes he had witnessed at Bunker's Hill, did not
enlist into the army until after that battle had
been fought. On the other hand I have got most
satisfactory evidence of the age of a lady now
living who will on Sunday (Feb. 11) complete
her 101st year.
All this I will prove in due season. But
enough for the present. While writing these
notes, two or three fresh cases of centenarianism
have been brought under my notice.
Mr. Richard Burton, of Broom Hill, near Dy-
mock, died on Jan. 4 at the reputed age of 105.
Can any reader who lives in the neighbourhood
say on what this supposition is founded ?
Mrs. Purr, of Chippenham, died in Janunry,
aged ninety-eight. It was ninety-six years since
she was baptized, and she walked to church for
the ceremony, being, she believes, between five or
six years old ! ! Will any resident at Chippen-
ham investigate this case ; and kindly inform me
if the old lady was ever photographed, and where
her photograph may be purchased ?
Let me add, that I am very anxious to procure
photographs of reputed centenarians, and shall feel
personally obliged to any correspondent who will
put me in the way of adding to the small collec-
tion which I have already formed.
WILLIAM .T.
40, St. George's Square, S.W.
Complaint
CHAUCER RESTORED. Xo. III.
1. I claim the "Black Knight " for Chaucer on
the ground of manifest resemblance in title and
construction.
All in the following list are admitted by MB,
FTJKNIVALL, viz.
f to Pity,
I of Mars,
| of Venus,
[to his empty purse.
It is cruel to separate blood relations, so I pro-
pose to add to this list also " The Complaint of
the Black Knight."
It is a regular feature in some of these miner
poems to have an envoi, or special personal address
appended. Thus, in the " Complaint to Venus,"
we find
" Princes, received this complaining in gree"
In the "Ballad of the Village without paint-
ing," the envoi commences
" Princes, I pray yep, of your gentleness
Let not this man and me thus cry and plain" ;
and in the " Complaint of the Black Knight " we
have this very similar formula
" Princess, pleased it to your benignity
This little ditty to have in mind."
This remarkable family likeness is a strong-
point of resemblance that could not be imitated
without gross plagiarism, so I claim the "'Black
Knight" for Chaucer.
2.*" Another feature in this family of "Coin-
plaints " is this, that the plaintiff prepares a " bill
of complaint," which is " filed " or presented as a
petition all in due clerkly form. Thus, in the
seventh stanza of the "Complaint to Pity," he
writes ij'll
" A complaint bad I wnttend m my hand,
To have put to Pity as a bill."
In Chaucer's " Dream," lines 928-9, we read
"And to this Lord anon, present
A Ml, wherein whole her intent
Was written."
Also in line 966
" And a full answer of your bill." n'mn-y^,
3. While the piece called " Chaucer's Dree 1
is found to be connected with the ackno\vle>
" Complaint to Pity," by this incident of
quasi bill in Chancery (from biilhi), an authenti-
cated document given under hand and seal, it is
110
KOTES AND QUERIES.
[i"> 8. IX. FKB. 10, 7-2.
fdso connected with the "Flower and the Leaf"
by the following- passage :
"I you requite my boistousness."
Chaucer's Dream, 1. G4.
Compare
- rude language, full bcisfously unfold."
Flower and the Leaf.
SeS the opening
' ; When Flora the Queen of pleasance,"
and compare it with
" In May, -when Flora the fresh lusty queen."
Complaint of the Black Kniglit.
Again :
" When that Phoebus his chair of gold so high
Had whirled up the starry sky aloft,
Aud in the Bull was entered certainly."
Floioer and the Leaf.
" the younge sun
Hath in the Ram his halfe course y'run."
Prologue C. T.
" And Phoebus 'gan to shed his streamed sheen
Amid the Bull, with all the beamed bright."
Complaint of the Black Knight.
N.B. "And in the Bull," "Amid the Bull,"
"Hath in the Ram," identical in thought and
construction.
In stanza 30 occurs this line
" Chaplets fresh of oakes cerrial."
Flower and the Leaf.
" A crown of green oak cerrial."
Knight's Tale, 1. 2292.
"The Flower and the Leaf," thus closely con-
nected with the " Black Knight " and the Can-
terbury Tales, must certainly have been written
by Chaucer, for it is plainly alluded to in the
""Legend of Good Women," 188-194; playfully,
indeed, and as a matter to which he was' quite
indifferent.
"Butnatheless ne were not that I make
In praising of the flower against the leaf. 7 '
4. With the "Flower and the Leaf" is some-
times found appended a semi-detached envoi, but
it is also found appended to the Death of Blanche.
This is remarkable, because the " Death " is an
undoubted work of Chaucer's, and the scribe who
appended it to the "Flower and the Leaf" must
clearly have identified Chaucer with the latter
piece 'also.
ME. FURXIVALL makes merry with the follow-
ing line :
" Suspiries which I effunde in silence."
I consider this a very lewd joke. It is in point
of fact a pun on " suspiro de profundis." No one
need be startled at this who remembers the base
Latinity of ancient Pistol, or the incongruousness
of "I did impeticos thy gratility," in Twelfth
Xight; but we need not go so far a-field, for it is
<:|uite in keeping with the Bird's Matins.
A. HALL.
It is pleasant to see a good joke or two in
"N. & Q." The best in the number for Jan. 23 i.s
no doubt that of the Queen of Sheba having come
to visit Solomon by railway, because she came
with a very great train ; and the second best is
certainly MR. HALL'S notion of supposing that
Chaucer (who died in 1400) could be open to a
charge of gross plagiarism, because, in about 1-'570
A.D., he imitated a plainly fifteenth century poem
like "The Court of Love." MR. HALL'S other
position, that no one would dare to refer to Chau-
cer's work but Chaucer himself, is almost as
jocose. For if, after Wordsworth's death, any one
imitated him, or rather worked up in a new poem
some of his master's characters and stanzas, who
would think this proof that Wordsworth wrote
the new poem ?
No doubt "'The Court of Love" refers t?
Chaucer's "Pity," and frames some of its stanza?
on the " Pity's " model. Take these :
Chaucer's " Pity.'''
" Bounte parfyt | wel armed & richely
And fresshe beaute | lust and iolyte
Assured maner | youthe and honeste
Wisdome estaat fdrede and governaunce
Confedred both by bonde | and Alliaunce."
Court of Love.
" In bownte, favor, porte and semlynesse,
Plesaunt of figure, myrroure of delite
Gracious to sene, and rote of geutilnes.se,
With angell visage, lustj' rede white ;
There was not lak, sauf danger had a lite
This godely fressh * in rule & governaunce."
Chaucer's " Pity."
" My peyne is this j that what so I desire,
That haue I not | ne no thing lyke therto ;
And euer setteth desire | myn hert on tire.
P3ke on that other syde | where-so I goo,
What maner thinge that may encrese my woo,
That haue I redy | vnsoghte | etiery where.
Me lakketh but my deth | and than my
Court of Love.
" But that I like, that may I not come by ;
Of that I playn, that have I haboundaunce
Sorowe and thought, they sit me wonder nye ;
Me is withhold, that myght be my plesaunce :
Yet turne agayn, my worldly suffisaunce.
O lady bright"! and" sauf your teilhfull true,
And ar I dve, yit ones vpon me rewe."
The birds' matins at the end of " The Court of
Love " were also of course suggested by Chan
" Parlament of Foules." The very followin
Chaucer by "The Court of Love" shows that
that poem was not Chaucer's. It is by a pupil,
not the master. Its rhythm has not his sweet
flow ; its special turns and words are most of them
not his. Fancy Chaucer writing two such
* Imitated from Chaucer's" semely awete," but clearly
not Chaucer.
4 th S. IX. FEB. 10,72.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
Ill
Knprint my speche in youre mcmoriall
Sadly, my princesse, salve of all my sore ! "
Or-
^ " Ilir lawc is for religiosite," &c.
The ring 1 of " The Court of Love " is fifteenth
century, at earliest,* all through. There is no
MS. evidence for the poem being Chaucer's. It
does not observe the laws of his ryme. The best
modern judges, like Prof, ten Brink, Mr. Bradshaw,
Mr. Skeat, <fcc., have declined to allow it to be
Chaucer's. It plainly imitates Chaucer's poems,
and almost quotes him, his Canterbury Talcs as
well as his early poems.
Clerk's Talc and Merchant's.
" And let hem care and weps, & cryng & wayle.
Wepyng & wailyng, care & other sorowe."
Court of Love.
" For weile and wepe, and crye, and speke and preye."
It is clearly after Chaucer's time, and was un-
doubtedly written by some admirer of his. What
are MR. HALL'S arguments, if so they can be called,
for the genuineness of " The Court of Love " ^
1. "There are resemblances between this poem"
(which we admit and explain) " and Chaucer's
works ; therefore Chaucer wrote it as well as his
proved works." 2. "If Chaucer did not write ' The
Court of Love,' who did ? You can't say : there-
fore, again, Chaucer wrote it." This reasoning is
evidently grounded on the assumption that all
readers of " N. & Q." are fools ; and against it I,
as one of such readers, protest."
F. J. FURNIVALL.
LORD BROUGHAM AND LITERATURE. f
_ I find a notice of Lord Brougham in the Geor-
gian Era. Who were the authors of this work ? J
Sir William A'Beckett wrote some part; his
father T. T. A'Beckett wrote, I believe, an anony-
mous pamphlet addressed to Lord Brougham
entitled
On the Law of debtor and creditor .... addressed
to the Lord High Chancellor, &c. Cochrane, 1833. 2nd
edit. 1840.
As to the pamphlet entitled
The Reform Ministry and the reformed parliament.
Ridgway, 1833, 4th edition, same year
the Quarterly Review, vol. 1. p. 218, says :
"The great head of the law, dissatisfied with the little
notice that he had lately received, is understood to have
done the chapter on Legal Reform with his own hand, or
with one of the many hands which, by dint of patronage,
he has made his own and indeed, it" has been shrewdlv
suspected that the whole pamphlet was got up for the
sake of this chapter, just as we remember to have heard
that an ingenious gentleman published an entire Peerage
* When did " yede my way," line G92, come in ?
t Continued from 4 tb S. ix. 70.
ft We have somewhere seen the editorship attributed
to William Clark.]
for the sake of introducing his own claims to a dormant
title."
I presume the " ingenious gentleman " to be Sir
Egerton Brydges.
About the same time a pseudonymous pamphlet
was published :
Lord Brougham's Local Courts bill examined. By
H. B. Denton. Loud. W. Crofts, 1833, 8vo.
The author of this was Edgar Taylor, who dis-
tinguished himself alike in literature and law, his
fairy tales still being popular, and the news-
papers have not long since had to record the
! melancholy and premature end of the head of the
| firm he founded E. W. Field.
I This is scarcely the place for a suggestion, but
I observe that a testimonial is being got up to
Mr. E. W. Field ; and in my opinion the best
testimonial to this accomplished lawyer and artist
would be some account of his life.
A number of other pamphlets were published
on the rejected Local Courts Bill, whose titles
I need not enumerate here ; sufficient to say that
most of the authors are unknown to me. I may,
however, notice an article, as I have noticed one
before in JBlackwood's Magazine, most violently
abusive of Lord Brougham, which appeared
originally in the number for April 1834, entitled
li Lords Brougham, Lyndhurst, and local courts."
The very greatest interest was excited by all
Lord Brougham's plans for reform, and numerous
pamphlets were the consequence ; but perhaps
those which caused most controversy were the
" Aristocracy " pamphlets. I have touched a little
upon these in the Handbook of Fictitious Names.
Of
Thoughts upon the aristocracy of England by Isaac
Tomkius, gent. Lond. Hooper, 1835,
eleven editions appeared the same year : the
Edin. Rev. for April 1835 quoted nearly the whole
of it, without once mentioning Lord Brougham's
name ; the article being also attributed to his
lordship by his enemies ; and John Richards, Esq.
M.P. lost his temper over the matter and became
so impertinent that it is wonderful he did not
receive some castigation either from his lordship's
hands or tongue. The " Memoirs " are silent on
the point, and leave it still a matter of doubt
whether these were from Lord Brougham's pen.
OLPHAR HAMST.
0, Henry Road, New Barnet,
THE ORDER OF THE BLACK EAGLE.
The recent admission of His Royal Highness
the Prince Arthur to this order may give some
interest to the following extract from the Me-
moircs historiques, politiques, critiques, et lit-
teraircs of Amelot de la Houssaie, printed at
Amsterdam in 2 vols. 12mo, 1722 (vol. ii. 303,
304) :
112
tfOTES AND QUERIES.
[1 th S. IX. F-;B. :
"En 1700 1'Einpereur Leopold, I e'rigea la Prusse Du-
cale en Royaume, en faveur de 1'Electeur Fede'ric-Guil-
laume II, malgre toutes les oppositions faites durant
ciuq ans, au nom de 1'Ordre Teutonique, par le Prince
Francois-Loui's de Neuborg, son Grand-Maitre, & le 15
de Janvier 1701, cet Electeur se fit proclamer Roi a
Konigsberg en Prusse, que nous apellons (sic) en Francois,
Royaumont ; & le 18 suivant, il fut sacre & couronne
avec sa femme dans la Chapells du Chateau. Le meme
jour, il institua une Chevalerie, qu'il a nominee COrdre
de VAiyle noire, dont la marque est une Croix emaillee de
bleu celeste, faite comme celle de Malte avec des Aigles
noires entre les Angles, & lie'e d'un ruban orange qui passe
de 1'e'paule gauche au-dessous du bras Adroit. 11 crea ce
jour-la 20 Chevaliers, savoir, le Prince Electoral, son fils,
ses trois freres, le.Duc de Curlande, le Comte de Warten-
berg, Grand-Chambellan ; le Sieur de Feld, Grand-
Marechal ; les trois Corates de Dhona, le Comte de
Lotheren, Grand-Marshal de la Cour ; les quatre Regens
de Prusse, le Commissaire-General, le Sieur Bulavv,
Grand-Mai tre de la Maison de la Reine Electrice ; le
Grand-Maitre de I'Artillerie ; le Sieur Brandt, Lieu-
tenant- General, & le Sieur Tettau, Major-Gene'ral.
" Nt,ta que le Duche de Prusse porte pour ecusson,
d'argent, a 1'Aigle de Sable, acolle d'une couronne d'or ;
& que c'est la raison, pourquoi, le nouveau Roi de Prusse
a donne a cet Ordre le noni de 1'Aigle noire. II en tint
le premier Chapitre le 18 de Janvier 1703, jour anniver-
saire de son Conronnement, & fit la cdremonie de donner
le Collier & le Manteau de 1'Ordre au Prince d'Anhalt,
issu de la Maison de Brandebourg, &, au Grand-Marechal
de Prusse.
*' Les Chevaliers de 1'Aigle noire en portent une cousue
sur 1'e'paule gauche de leurs manteaux avec ce mot en
guise de de% r ise, suum culque, a chacun le sieu ; pour
isignifier qu'ils font vosu de proteger & deffendre les
Veuves et les pupilles."
As an appropriate pendant to the above the
annexed cutting from the Daily Telegraph of
Friday, January 19, 1872, may be worthy of
insertion :
"Berlin, Jan. 18.
" To-daj- took place the grand celebration of the an-
niversary of the Black Eagle Order the decoration most
coveted by Prussian subjects, and rarely conferred even
on the most distinguished foreigners. The ceremony had,
indeed, a peculiar interest for Englishmen, from the fact
that Prince Arthur was solemnly invested with the in-
signia of the order. Among those who figured in the as-
semblage were some whose names recall the great efforts
by which Prussia has made herself a prominent Power
in Europe such men as Von Falckenstein, Herwarth
von Bittenfield, who led up the valley of the Elbe in 1866
the right column of the Prussian army; Van Thile, the
assiduous assistant of Bismarck at the Chancellery of
Foreign Affairs ; and last, but not least, Count Berns-
torff, who has represented the Government of Berlin in
London for so many years.
" The ceremony of installation took place at half- past
one in the afternoon. Prince Arthur drove to the scene,
along with the Crown Prince and Prince Louis of Hesse,
in a state carriage, wearing the full robes of the order.
The assemblage in the Castle Chapter Room was most
brilliant, and altogether such a spectacle was presented as
has seldom been witnessed. After the investiture the
Chapter was dissolved, and a grand banquet took place
in the great hall of the Emperor's Palace, nearly 1,200
guests being present. These all being persons "of dis-
tinction who have been invested with various orders for
-crvict' ; to the state, their decorations and militarv uni-
forms presented an exceedingly fine appearance. A second
ceremony of an impressive nature now took pfcace, his
majesty embracing each of the new made knights as they
were presented to him by the youngest ritters, while the
oldest members of the order acted as godfathers to those
, who had just been installed.
" I am sorry to say that Prince Louis of Hesse returns
home immediately on account of the indisposition of
Princess Alice.
" A grand banquet was given this evening, in connec-
tion with the meeting of the Chapter of the Order of the
Black Eagle, which was held to-day, the 18th January,
in conformity with the statutes of the order.
' His Majesty the Emperor-King rose to propose a toast,
and spoke as follows :
"'We celebrate to-day a double anniversary of the
most important events of Prussian history. On this day
171 years ago the first king of Prussia was crowned ;
this day last year my acceptance of the imperial German
Crown, unanimously offered me by all the Princes and
Free Towns of Germany, was proclaimed. Conscious <>t
the obligations I have assumed, I, on the anniversary <>f
this great event, again express to the illustrious pre-
senters of my new position, in presence of their repre-
sentatives, my deeply felt thanks, hoping that by our
united efforts we shall succeed in fulfilling the just 'hopt-s
of Germany.'
"The Bavarian Minister then, in the name of the :'
of Bavaria and the illustrious Federate Allies in the Em-
pire, proposed 'The health of the German Emperor,
William the Victorious/'
AIEEX IKVIXE, CLK.
Kildrought House, Celbriilge.
THE SONGS OF SWITZERLAND.
A correspondent of "X. & Q." in a very com-
plimentary notice of my version of Petit-Seun's *
Trois verres de vin, remarked that the joyous song- of
the venerable bard was different to the generality
of Swiss songs, which were of a more plaintive
kind. I am tolerably acquainted with Swiss
ditties, and, though some of them are certainly
pathetic and plaintive, the best and most popular
are decidedly those that come under a different
category. At this joyous season I shall put a
the serious and plaintive, and give specimens of
two or three that belong to another class. The
first that I shall present in an English dress is
"The Flower of the Canton de Vaud " by Francis
Oyez de la Fontaine, one of the professors in the
Academy of Lausanne. The poet, a venerable
and aged gentleman, wrote the song about forty
years ago. Such has been its popularity that it
is now classed amongst the national lyrics of Hel-
vetia. Oyez de la Fontaine is, however, not a
mere song- writer ; he is a poet of a high order.
His songs are bagatelles pleasantries that great
minds throw off in moments of joyous relaxation.
I can say in giving the following what I cannot
* A most elegant edition of Petit-Senn's poem has
just been issued at Geneva in three volumes, Elzevir si/",
and on toned paper. The typography is an honour to
Swiss taste and skill.
4"- S. IX. FEB. 10, '72.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
113
always assert it is stamped with the approval of
the learned and distinguished author, from whom
I have received a very laudatory note. \ 'awl is
pronounced vo
" How I love ray dear country, the fairest on earth !
The mountains, the chalet, the place of my birth ;
For James or for Francis I wield spade or hoe,*
And I'm Peter ' the Flower of the Canton de Vaud ' !
" To Derigout's damsel they point for a wife.
But it's not in that quarter I'll alter my life :
The girl is not prettv she's only so-so,
She's no match for 'the Flower of the Canton de
Vaud ' !
' Once a year I'm a soldier, all ready to fight,
And I sing and snap angers from morning till night;
And our "captain say?, ' There's the best warrior I
know
Here's health to the Flower of the Canton de Vaud ! '
" I'm a patriot a real independence is mine,
I vo ne'er sold my vote for a chopine of wine;
I'd sooner drink cider as sour as a sloe,
You can't bribe ' the Flower of Canton de Vaud ' !
" I've two arms that are strong, both for forest and
field ;
And I've got an old aunt, but her purse-strings won't
yield ;
When she dies all her cash to the parish will go
She's no love for ' the Flower of the Canton de Vaud ' 1
" They say I look olJ, and my hair's getting white.
Well ! if some of these days I should wish you ' good
night,'
Let a tombstone of wood name the slumberer below
' Honest Peter, late Flower of the Canton de Vaud ' ! "
It is, however, not in modern French that we
must search for the real songs of Switzerland.
We must study the Romande, that old and beau-
tiful patois or tongue that lingers amongst the
green bills and pastoral valleys of the Jorat and
Jura, It is a much finer and more expressive
language than the French either of "Paris" or
" Stratford-atte-Bowe." It is soft and musical,
and abounds in vowel terminations. The follow-
ing is a very old ditty. It is known as " Oun
choundzou " i. e. " a Dream." I give the first
verse of the original with a literal rendering :
' Por vo diverti no vollin tzanta
For your diversion we icill sing
Ouna tzansonnetta plena de vreta ;
A little song full of truth ;
Le teria d'oun choundzou que ma mia ha fa
The theme of a dream that my loved one has had
Oun lonne sar, versa contre la para.
One Monday eve, reclining against the fence.''
It will be observed that in the first two stanzas
the narrator or singer speaks ; there is then a
change of person, and the " dream " is told as if
it were related by the dairy-maid. In the last
verse the narrator again appears
* '-He works for Jacques or Francois" is a Swiss pro-
verb ; it means he works for anybody. A fellow not
very choice in his company is said to be " all right with
Jacques or Frangois."
" To afford yon diversion, I'll something relate,
And remember it's true what I'm going to state :
'Tis a dream when lat Monday my love made her bed
In a nook of the garden, the hedge* overhead.
" The story is real, for it's known in good sooth
She's not an inventor, but sticks to the truth.
When I've finished the ditty }~ou can, if you please,
Give me two or three eggs or a morsel of cheese.
" ' I stood on the mountain, the cows were hard by,
When my lovers around me 1 chanced to espy;
They were all decent lads, but the number so'great
You would say that I fibb'd if I ventured to state.
"'One called me "my darling!" one called me "my
dear ! "
If I pushed one away, why another came near :
So I said " Of you all I can not be the bride ;
So do, I beseech, give me time to decide.
" ' Don't suppose that to wed I'm in any great haste :
I'm a pretty young girl, and to any one's taste ;
My purse is not empty, I've silver and gold
That would stock a Wall grange with its pig-house
and fold.
" ' I can manage a dairy, can milk cow or goat,
I can make a new shift, or can mend an old cont ;
I'm a downright good sempstress, I spin with my
wheel ;
I can darn and foot stockings or put a new heel.*
" 'And should I have children, I'll nurse them with care,
Their food shall be wholesome, and plenty to spare;
I'll rock them, I'll take them to school and to church,
And Avhen they are naughty I won't spare the birch.'
"But now came the end of her notions and views.
For her mistress' shrill voice shouted out 'Parcs-
seuze ! f
Jfou hussi/ ! get up and look after your cream.'
Such ivas the close of my dairy-maid's dream"
My next specimen is also from the Romande.
It is called " Tzansonnetta de Paizan." I have
rendered it almost word for word ; graces of poetry
or paraphrastic attempts would be out of charac-
ter. I leave the " uncouth rhymes " to tell the
story, and in the same stanza as the original.
The " Ahie ! cho ! cho ! " is spoken, and is what
the driver says to his team. I do not attempt to
translate it. " Chateau, Motley (or spotted), Lion,
and Bear " are the names of the four oxen. In
the original the hero is a paizan (Fr. pay sari), but
I use for it our word farmer. A Swiss pnizan
is one who lives on his own estate, and works it
in person ; while a fermier is one who farms or
holds from another. What we call a peasant is
in Switzerland an agriculteur orlabourew. In the
fourth verse we are introduced to the bovairon
(Fr. bouvier'), or the cowherd, who is also the
driver or leader of the team. He is an important
personage on a Swiss farm, and it is he who looks
* In the original the phrase is " 1'an mettre de capette,''
z. e. "can put capettes" which are coverings to the heels
made of washleather or some strong material a sort of
half-socks used in winter over the stockings, for the
double purpose of saving the stockings and preventing
frost-bites. In the countiy songs of all countries we often
find a list of the hero or heroine's accomplishments, as in
the verse above.
f Idle girl
1U
NOTES AND QUERIES.
S. IX. FEB. !
after the beasts when they are in their mountain
pastures or in the winter folds. The song is tra-
ditional, and is not found in print ; at least I have
not met with it. It (as well as " The Dream " )
was communicated by Mons. Henri Bussy, a
Jorat farmer or paizan. If Harry Fox, our " war-
bling waggoner," heard Mons. Bussy sin^Romande
ditties he would bs jealous, and particularly so
if "Bijou" (noblest of Spilzes!) joined in the
chorus :
' ; Listen, friends, while I chant my lay, } ^-,,
A homely song iu our country way. j
Though no great scholar, I'll tell you true
Of a farmer, and what he's got to'do.
(Spoken) Ahie ! cho ! cho !
Chorus.
Chateau! Motley! Lion! Boar! ) , ...
We shall have a rare time this year, j IS '
" When the farmer sits down to dine
He e v , r.d drinks good wine.
With v.Vil-'l.'sii'd ribs lie can get <.'
Though the furrows are deep and the soil is strong.
:en arc f;;ir to see,
But Lion (the black) is the one for me ;
('[I:;'L '.'iu ami Lion ! yes, you're the best,
80 you've the honour to lead the rest.
' My driver's a right good boy, I wot,
Xeecls but his voice to make tht-m trot ;
That's the old fellow ! you see him now
At Lion's right ear he turns the plough.*
' For my farm I can always go
And get good hands to weed and hoe ;
Hut tue women-folk oh ! I let them be
They work too hard with their tongues for me.
v> My poor beasts, when their labour's o'er,
Soon get fat as they were before ;
NVheri the yokes are taken away,
And they're a-fk-ld, content are they.f
' At the cabaret never a one
Sin;,: liUf- me when my sowing's done,
And this is the burden of my rhyme
' Pledsc Heaven to send good harvest time.'
Chorus.
; au ! Motley ! Lion ! Bear !
I'm sure we'll have a good time this year.''
Sinn;; I obtained the above Honiande song's
i JLons. Bussy, I have heard them sunti 1 by
different pay sans and others, and I arn convinced
that they are very old traditional rhymes, and
not the effusions of any modern hand. " My stock
of Roruunde ditties is not exhausted, but at pre-
sent I conclude with a street and public-house
ditty of the Canton de Soleure or Solothurn. The
* " Le bovairon es bon vauld," i. e. literally a good
boy ; not a bon enfant, or good fellow. The' bovairon
may Le a very old man, but, like many of our dependents,
he is never out of his professional boyhood.
following is the original text of this verse. I
give it LO show how closely I have followed the Ro-
le :
' Quan les baaou en b'n travailli,
On tzertze a le's bin egrassir ;
Les pourre be'tc-s sant benetze?,
De remair lo dzau de sus las tetes.'
The other verses are rendered in the same literal manner.
original is in German patois a Swiss dialect
wherein the Tiomande of the .Torat and Jura is
mixed with Old German, and forms a not very
melodious melange. The song is "Diirsli
und Babeli " :
"She is a peasant's daughter, so lovely to \;
And Biibeli's long and flowing lod-.s culohine the yel-
low gold,
And Diirsli fain would have her, but her aged sire has
said,
' You must wait a little while, boy ! she is too young
to wed.'
"Then Diirsli sought her mother, and did his stcrv
tell:
' May I marry Babeli, for I love !i .-}] ? '
The mother took him by the hainl, and gave her
kindest smile.
' Yes, you may marry Babeli, but you must wait
awhile.'
" He turned away right angry, he turned away in v
And to the town of Solothurn his hurried fo"
And there he met the sergeant, and thus to him spake
he :
' I hear you're wanting soldiers, and all for the Low
Countrie.'
" The sergeant drew his leathern purse that was so strong
and stout,
And on the gnst-haus table three thaler.s cor
'Here, take thou that, brave Diirsli ! it is my master's
fee;
And now thou art a soldier to tight in the Low Conn-
trie.'
' Then straightway to his village his I 'Wly
bent,
And to the cot of Babeli right mournfully he went :
4 I may not marry Babeli behold these rhalers three !
You see I am enlisted, and bound for the Low (
trie.'
" She rush'd into the garden, she rush'd into the plain,
She wept beneath the lindens as if her heart w
snap in twain.
' do not crv, inv Babeli, for Heaven will guard mv
life,
In a year I shall be back again, and take thee for my
wife.
"And if I cannot then return a letter I'll indite,
And of my truth ;ui;l constancy I tenderly will write ;
But if the sky were paper and a scribe each star above,
And every scribe had seven hands, they could not write
all my love.' "
For the original of the above song (which re-
sembles our " Summer's Morning ") I am indebted
to Dr. Zeipfler of Soleure and Berne. The con-
cluding lines will recall " The Idiot's Lines "
which were given in an early number of '-X.&Q.''
The Idiot must have been a very learned man, for
in the Koran we read : " If all the trees of the
earth were quills, and the sea could be inflated
to seven seas of ink, the word of God could never
be exhausted/'*
[* There is a sweet simplicity in a version of those oft -
quoted lines as given in a small volume of MS. Poems,
circa 1603, in Addit. MS. 22,601, p. 60, in the British
Museum :
4"' S. IX. FKR. 10, 72.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
315
In Calderon we find
el mar fnora do tint a,
Y la tierra do papel,
No pudiera explicate,
Mi tinissimo carel " [carifio.]
There is also a passage in the Talmud, from
which that in the Koran seems plagiarised. A
learned Italian priest assures me that our " Idiot's
Lines" are translated from an old Italian version.
JAMES HENRY DIXON, LL.D.
SCOTCH MONEY. In an almanac of some pre-
tension, professing to contain " information for
v"rybndy," we hnve the following :
" Scotch money is onlv one-twelfth of the value of
:7i<>Mov sterling, and is divided in the same manner. In
:il or money transactions relating to Scotland, if it
i-e do*m'd that the amount should be understood as in
England, it is requisite to insert or mention the word
xterlhif) to show that English value or amount is in-
tended."
Please observe that the almanac is not one for
1072, Lut Jl>r 1872 ! Let no Soi>thron merchant
overlook this precious piece of " information," lest,
when lie has sold to some wide-awake townsman
if mine a bale of soft goods at twenty shillings
a-yard, he should find himself fully paid with
twenty pence! Hitherto we have supposed that,
by the law of Scotland, sterling money is always
presumed. NORYAL CLYNE.
Aberdeen.
NEW BELLS AT ASHTOX-UNDER-LYNE. The
Bishop of Manchester dedicated a peal of bells,
which have been presented to St. Peter's church,
Ashton-under-Lyne, on Dec. 27, 1871; and as it
may be of interest to some readers of " N. & Q."
I give you the inscriptions on the bells :
J. " My gentle note shall lead the cheerful sound
Peace to this parish, may goodwill abound."
2. " Our voices tell when joy or grief betide ;
Mourn with the mo timer, "" welcome home the
bride."
3. May all in truth and harmony rejoice,
To honour Church and Queen with heart and
voice."
-1. " Prosperity attend Old England's shore ;
Let Ashton flourish now and evermore."
5. " With loving voice I call to church and prayer,
And bid the living for the, grave prepare."
or mercies undeserved this peal is raised,
IM> may Thy name, O God, through Christ, be
praised."
7. " Grateful for all and every blessing here,
We look on high in faith and without fear ;
The goodness of aur God we do proclaim ;
Let priest and people praise his holy name."
" If all the earthe were paper white
And all the sea were incke,
'Twere not enough for me to write
As my poore harte doth thinke."
Eleven articles on these lines appeared in our First
Series. See the General Index, p. 110, col. L]
(/;) the eighth bell is inscribed
"This peal of eight bells (tenor 20 cwL) was given to
St. Peter's Church, Ashton, 1871, by George Il^ginbot-
tom, Esq., J.P., Mayor of the borough in the yeavs ISS.'J,
1854, and 1855, to the honour and glory of God."
SEPTIilUS HENDERSON.
WOOLWICH DOCKYARD. It is worth noting
that after an existence of some three hundred
years, Woolwich Dockyard was closed on Friday,
September 17, 180!). PHILIP S. XING.
EPITAPH IN GllTl AT WlLBHAILUt CUUECJI.
Bishop Berkeley was not the only person to whom
was attributed " every virtue under heaven."
May I submit, for preservation in the pn<res of
" N. & Q." an epitaph which a lady reeling' in
Cambridgeshire has kindly copied for me from a
monument in Great Wilbraham church, in that
county. I say " preservation," for in these days,
when " improvement " is everywhere untied '' to
fight against the Churches" (the doom of five
was announced in The Times last week), the
sooner epitaphs of interest are confided to t} r po-
graphy the better for posterity.
" May this Monument be Sustained
To the End of Time !
" Sacred
To the Memory and Virtues of
MIPS MARY WARD :
The Darling of her Friends;
The Admiration of Strangers ;
And real Blessing of her Family.
Her Per?cn
Was Tall and Gracefull :
Her Features
Handsome and Regular :
But her Mind,
Pious, Modest, Delicate and Amiable,
Beyond the credit of description.
Parents of Children,
And Inhabitants of her Niitive Village,
Drop a Tear
To this Sweet Short-lived Flower ;
Who having just added a Compleat Education
To her Natural Excellences,
Died
Uncommonly Perfect and Lamented,
On the 30 th Jan 1 '?,
1756:
Aged 15 Years 6 Months."
SHIRLEY BROOKS.
FIRST ACTOR OF "HAMLET." Writing of Shake-
speare, Mr. Harness said :
" With a knowledge of the art which rendered him fit
to be the teacher of the first actors of his day, and to
instruct Joseph Taylor in the character of Hamlet," &c.
Literary Lift; of Rev. ll'm. Harness, p. .V).
Burbage was the first performer of Hamlet.
He was probably succeeded in the part by Taylor,
and there is no reason to doubt that much of the
author's conception of the part has descended by
tradition. (See " N. & Q." 2'' d S. iii. 408, 490.)
CHARLES WYLIE.
116
NOTES AND QUERIES.
S. IX. FEU. 10, '72.
VYSE'S "ARITHMETIC." Professor De Morgan
in his Catalogue of Arithmetical Books, p. 81, desig-
nates Vyse as (l the poet of arithmeticians/' and
assigns to him the well-known lines
'' \Yhen first the marriage knot was tied
Between my wife and me,
My age did hers as far exceed
As three times three dues three," e.
Bat these lines will be found in the Ladles'
Diary of 1708, sixty-three years before the ap-
pearance of the first edition' of Vyse's Arithmetic
(1771), and a verified solution, by a lady, appears
in the Diary of 1709, which I here append :
" When first the solemn knot was ty'd
Your wife was just fifteen;
You by proportion forty-five,
Which is as three to 'nine.
But when your hoary head arriv'd
To ten and half ten more,
Your youthful bride saw thirty years,
And you could tell threescore.'
Thus have I told without ik-lay
What was vour age o' th' marriage-day."
M.D,
CElurmS,
SEALS OF OLIVER CROMWELL.
I should feel much obliged if any readers who
are well conversant with old documents would
kindly give me the names and reference numbers
of any deeds to which are appended seals of
Oliver Cromwell. I give a brief list of all the
Cromwell seals with which I am acquainted, and
I shall be glad to know where examples of any of
them are preserved.
GREAT SEALS.
For England. Obverse : OLIVAEIVS . DEI .
GRA . REIP . ANGLIC . SCOTIJE . ET . HIBERXIJ3 .
&c. PROTECTOR. Reverse : MAGXVM . SIGILLVM: .
REIPVB : ANGLIJE . SCOTIJE . ET . HIBERXI-E . &C.
Diameter 5-8 inches. Both sides are engraved in
George Vertue's Works of Thomas Simon (4to,
London, 1753), plates xvii. xviii.
For Scotland. Obverse : OLIVARIVS . DEI .
GRA . REIP : ANGLIJE . SCOTTJE . ET . HIBERXTJE .
&c. PROTECTOR. Reverse : MAGXVM . SIGILLVM .
SCOTIJE . 1656. Diameter, 49 inches. Both sides
engraved by Vertue. plate xix. The obverse en-
graved in A. Collas's Great Seals of England (fol.
London, 1837), plate xxii.
For Ireland. Obverse: OLIVARIVS . DEI . GRA .
REIP : ANGLIJE . SCOTU3 . ET . HIBERXIJE . &C.
PROTECTOR. Reverse: MAGXVM . SIGILLVM . m-
BERXOE . 1655. Diameter, 5-4 inches. Both sides
engraved by A. Collas, plate xxiii.
[Qy. Are there any different dates of these
Great Seals than those given here ?]
The Protector Richard's Great Seal for Eng-
land. Obverse : RICHARDVS . DEI . GRA . REIPVB-
LLCLE . ANGLIJE . SCOTIJE . ET . HIBERKIJE . &C.
PROTECTOR. Reverse : MAGXVM . SIGILLVM . REI-
PVB : ANGLIC . SCOTL.E . ET . HII5EP.XI.E . &C.
Diameter, 5'5 inches. The obverse engraved by
Vertue, plate xxiii., and both sides by A. Collas,
plate xxiv.
Seal of Oliver Cromwell before made Protector.
Shield with four quarterings, helmet, and mant-
ling [as afiixed to the warrant for beheading
Charles I]
Oliver Cromwell's Family Seal. Shield with
six quarterings, helmet, crest, and mantling. Oval,
size 1'G by 1'4 inches. Engraved by Vertue, plate
xxxi.
Privy Seal of the Lord Protector Oliver. Arm?,
royal crest, helmet, supporters, and motto, as upon
the Great Seals. Inscription: OLIVAII . DEI . GRA .
REIPVB . AXGLIJE . SCOTIJE . ET . HIFJEF.XIJE . &C.
PROTECTOR. Circular. Diameter, '2-6 inches. En-
graved by Vertue (plate xxxviii.) from t!.
steel die then in the possession of Mr. Th >
Freeman of Chelmsford.
The Council's Seal, as affixed to an order sent
to Guernsey by Oliver Cromwell. Arms of
Protectorate, with Cromwell's paternal arms up' n
an escutcheon of pretence. The whole surrounded
by a laurel wreath, with the inscription S.GIL;
COXSILII. Engraved by Vertue, plate xxv. Cir-
cular. Diameter, 1-9 inches.
The Cinque Port of Dover Seal. Oliver on
horseback, a view of Dover Castle below. Inscrip-
tion : OLIVARIVS . DEI . GRA . REIP . AXGLIJE .
SCOTIJE . ET . niBERXiJE . &c. PROTECTOR. Circu-
lar. Diameter, 3-2 inches. Engraved by Vertue,
plate xxv. [Qy. Are there similar seals of any
others of the Cinque Ports ?]
Seal of Henry Cromwell as Deputy of Ireland.
Arms impaled, with helmet, crest, and mantling:
SIGIL . HEXRICI . CROMWELL . HIBEEXIJE . DKPV-
TATI. Circular. Diameter, 1'4 inches. Engraved
by Vertue, plate xxxi.
* Descriptions are only required of seals of the
Cromwell family, and of the Protectorate, with
the amis of Cromwell, a lion rampant upon an
escutcheon of pretence.
HEXRY TT. HENFRT:V.
1.5, Eaton Place, Brighton.
THE ARNOLDS. Where is the fcuriul- place of
the old family of Arnold of Llanfihanyel Court,
in the county of Monmouth ? Rusiicrs.
DR. R. II. BLACK AXD JAMES BLACK. dm
your correspondent MR. THOMAS or any other
contributor inform your readers of the origin of
these two gentlemen P * It is a curious fact that
the name of Black is common in Scotland, parti-
cularly on the north-eastern and south-western
coasts, but occurs very seldom in England or Ire-
[* See our last volume, pp. 397, 468.]
S. IX. FKB. In. 72.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
117
land, except in the north of the latter kingdom,
where many Scotch families have settled.
On the other hand, the name Blake (which I
take to be another form of Black), although com-
mon in England and Ireland, is very uncommon
in Scotland. Can any one explain this ?
ALPHA.
JAMES HAT, EAEL or CARLISLE. Was there
any funeral sermon preached when James Hay,
first Earl of Carlisle, was buried ; and if so, by
whom, and if published ? I know of the sermon
preached at his marriage, and also of the one
preached at the funeral of his son the second earl.
I find in Smyth's Obituary, published by the
GamdenjSoeietjv 1848, p. 12
"1636. Sir James Haies, Earle of Carlisle, died 25
April, and his funerall May 6 th ."
And in Anecdotes and Traditions, by W. J. Thorns
(Camden Society, 1839), p. 11
"The Earl of Carlisle died on the 25th April, 1836, and
was buried in St. Paul's Cathedral."
Is there any account of the funeral in print ?
J3y whom was the full-length portrait of this
earl in the vestibule of the hall of Christ Church
College, Oxford, painted ? G. J. II.
CHERRIES AND THE HOLY FAMILY. In the
" Table Talk " of The Guardian for Dec. 27, 1871,
the writer gives the words of an old carol, of
which the following is a portion :
" Pluck me a berry, Joseph,
Said Mary meek and myld.
Pluck me a cherry, Joseph,
And a berry for the Child.
" then bespoke Joseph,
It is a work too wild ;
How can I reach the berries,
Or cherries for the Child ?
" O then bespoke Joseph,
With words full of scorn,
Let Him reach thee cherries
That is but newly born.
" Then out and spake the Child
Upon his mother's knee,
Bow down unto my Mother,
Bow down thou cherry tree !
" Then bowed down the tallest tree
Unto its Lord's command.
spouse, behold and see
I have cherries to my hand."
The writer says that the story of this old carol
"is often depicted on tapestry and in illumina-
tions." Did this story give the motive to the
picture of the " Holy Family," by Adrian Vander
Werf, in the Electoral Gallery of Manheim ? I
have a beautiful engraving of this picture by A.
Cardon, published by Colnaghi in 1795. Joseph
is represented as dangling a spray of cherries, at
which the Infant Saviour is playfully grasping.
I know no more beautiful representation of the
Holy Family. CUTHBERT BEDE.
CLAN TARTAN. An English gentleman whose
pedigree can be lineally traced, through " Sir Hugh
Hastyngs, Kn e , of Elsing, Norf., who died 32 d
Henry VIII., 1540, up to Syr Henrye Hastyngs,
Kn*, "who died 53 d Henry III., 1268, peer and
baron of y e realm, and his wife Jane, doughter to
Willy in Canteliope and grand-daughter to Sir
William Bruse, Kn l " ; also up to " Sir Henry de
Hastyngs, Krit., who died 34 th Henry III., 1250,
and his wife A(d)da, 3 rd doughter to David, erle
of Derby and Himtyngton, grandson to David I st
Kyng of Skots " wishes to know to what clan
tartan he is entitled, if to any. To the readers of
"N. & Q." the inquirer addresses this query under
the impression of its being of interest to many
other persons besides himself. T. S. N."
SIR FRANCIS DRAKE. Can any reader inform
me where the original portrait of Sir Francis
Drake is, from which the engraving was taken,
size 12 in. x 15 in., with superscription " Franciscus
Draeck, nobilissimus eques Angliae An set. sue
43." The description at the bottom, " Habes
Lector Candide, fortiss : ac invictiss : Ducis
Draeck ad vivum imaginem, &c." ? A copy was
among the engravings of portraits at South Ken-
sington some time since. I think it is said to have
been retouched by Vertue.
The History of Plymouth, lately published,
quotes a passage from Canon Kingsley, descrip-
tive of a meeting at the time of the Armada,
saying " There is John Drake, Sir Francis's
brother, ancestor of the present stock of Drakes,
and there is George his nephew." Where did
the Canon obtain his information? It may be
correct, and that Sir Francis had two brothers
John euch double name did exist in the Ash
family branch. One John we know was killed in
an early voyage, and left a widow, who after
married' Cotton. Another John Drake won the
chain of gold promised by Sir Francis to the first
who should sight the Cacafuego. Was this John
a brother ? A statement in the College of Arms
gives John as the name of Sir Francis's father.
Elsewhere he is styled Edmund and Robert. We
know that Sir Francis had an uncle called John.
On what good authority is the college statement
founded ? Answers to these several queries will
oblige a very humble I!ED DRAGON.
DEER USED IN SACRIFICE. Can any one inform
me whether the deer was ever used in sacrifice ?
I have the head of one whose horns have been
removed by a saw, and which was found in the
cliffs at Felixstow, near Ipswich, about eight feet
from the surface. About one foot below this
head was found a curious key of very early date.
H. J. H.
SIR PHILIP FRANCIS. I am anxious to learn
any facts which may lead to the recognition of an
evidently very learned correspondent of Sir Philip
118
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[I th S. IX. I-'KIS. l', '72.
Francis, who dated from " Brighton, Xov. 5th,
1802." He was scarcely less accurately acquainted
with astronomy, ancient and modern, than with
the classics ; but, unfortunately, his name is not
attached to the document which leads to this
inquiry. J. T. X.
" GOD IN THE GENERATION OF THE RIGHTEOUS.''
Some time ago one of your correspondents sent
you some extracts, from a little book with the
above title, relative to the family of Baird. I
have tried to procure the book at the publishers',
Messrs. Xisbet, and by advertising in U X. & Q.,"
and The Bookseller, but all in vain. Can any one
kindly help me to lind a copy, or tell me where
it is to be procured ? F. M. S.
HATTON'S " XEW VIEW or LONDON." The late
Alexander Chalmers annotated a copy of this
work with the idea of a new edition. Thorpe
once possessed it. Is its whereabouts now known?
EDWAKD F. RIMBAULT.
[There is a copy of Ilatton's New View of London,
1708, copiously annotated, in the lieading lloom of the
British Museum, 2065 a. On comparison we tind the
neat hand-writing resembles that of Alexander Chalmers,
the editor of the General Biographical Dictionary. ,]
HOLY BIBLE. Can any one inform me if a
Bible in what -is known as "double pica" type
has ever been printed ? Parts of the Bible in it
have been printed, and also in other varieties of
large type, for the use of near-sighted persons ;
but after considerable time spent in inquiry I have
failed to find a complete Bible or even an Old
Testament. W. J. LOFTIE, F.S.A.
HALIWELL PRIORY. In what archaeological
journal can I find a paper by Mr. Hugo on the
ancient Priorv of Haliwell in Shoreditch ?
J. 0. II.
[We have been favoured with the following communi-
cation from the REV. T. Hu<;o, M.A., F.S.A,, F.K.S.L., in
reply to our correspondent's inquiry : "I have written a
History of Haliwell Priory for the London and Middlesex
Archaeological Society. Although oftentimes asked for,
the memoir has not been printed, from a desire on my
part to make it still more complete. For any new and
unpublished matter I should be thankful.
; ' The Rectory, West Hackney, Stoke Xewington, X."]
ILLUMINATING. Will any of your readers who
practise the art of illumination inform me if tin-
foil can be used as a substitute for silver, which
tarnishes so rapidly as to spoil any work in which
it is emplo} T ed? I have in vain tried to procure
aluminium foil at the artists' 'colourmen. Tin-
foil ought to do well, for it has a brilliant surface,
but there may be objections to it. Where can I
procure it pure ? F. M. S.
LANGUEDOC. I should be glad of any informa-
tion enabling me to see a roll of the receipts of
Philip VI., from taxation, amercements, and fines
in Languedoc, in or about A.D. 1330.
EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
LINGUISTIC CHILDREN. How do children be-
tween four and twelve years of age contrive, when
left among foreigners, to speak their language in
five or six months as freely and correctly as their
models, and that without the assistance of an
interpreter? Has anyone published an exposi-
tion of this process? KING.
LUNDY ISLAND, " HEKCULIS INSULA." It is
stated in Polwhele's Supplement to Whitaker's
Cornwall that Lundy Island was known to the
Greeks and he names Ptolemy as having called
it ''Herculislnsula" (Herakleia ?) I can find no
such reference, and should be very glad if any of
your readers could tell me if Lundy is actually
mentioned by any ancient author. I may perhaps
be allowed to add that any information, references,
&c., connected with the island, sent personally to
me, would be most .welcome.
E. T. GIBBONS, Ex. Coll. Oxon.
Werrington Vicarage, Ye olm bridge, Launceston.
[Several references to works containing notices of the
Isle of Lundy will be found in "X. & Q." 3 r ' 1 S. i. 171.J
MRS. A. MANSON. Can any of your literary
corresponJents in Nottingham favour me with
any biographical particulars regarding Mrs. Man-
son, wife of A. Manson, M.D., of Nottingham ?
She was authoress, I think, of The Eve of St.
Hyppolito, a play in five acts, 1821 (anon.) It is
likely that she also wrote Philo, a play printed at
Nottingham, 1836 (anon.) Has Mrs. Manson
written any other works, poetic or dramatic ?
II. INGLIS.
PtEV. MR. MOULTRIE. In the Biofjraplna Dra-
matica the Rev. Mr. Moultrie is named as author
of False and True ; or, the Irishman in Italy, a
dramatic piece produced in August, 1798, and
performed with success. Can you give me any
information regarding the author? In the obituary
of the Gent. Mag. I find that the Rev. George
Moultrie, vicar of Cleobury-Mortimer, Salop,
died May 12, 1845, aged seventy-three. Pie was
presented to the living in 1800. As the name of
Moultrie is not a very common one, perhaps this
gentleman may be the" author of the drama I have
named. R. INGLIS.
PERSECUTION OF THE HEATHEN. What evi-
dence have we of tie alleged persecution of the
heathen b} r Christians after the establishment of
the church of Constantine ? I think more than
one treatise has been written on the subject, and
divers tales and poems. CORNUB.
" To PLAY HELL AND TOMMY." What is the
origin of this common expression ? Is it a corrup-
tion of {l to play Hal and Tommy," and if so,
whence is the latter phrase derived ? Has it any-
thing to do with Henry II. and Thomas a-
Becket ? J. A. J. II.
S. IX. I-';;u. 1( . 72.]
I\OTES AIsD
119
PROVINCIALISMS. There are many provincial
expressions and curious words still lingering
among the inhabitants of the northern counties of
Ulster, which well deserve to be collected. Thus
the word campe or kempe, which was discussed
in " N.*& Q." (4 th S. viii. 264, 357, 444), recorded
as surviving still in Norfolkshire, is common in
the county of Londonderry. " To have a campe "
with a person is to have a race or contest of
rivalry with him. Also, there is the expression
" Joy'be with him and a bottle of bloss," said of
one we are glad to be rid of. Can any one explain
or illustrate this ? There is also the expression
"Tibb's Eve '' (common, I believe, in Scotland),
which corresponds to "the Greek Calends." I
can find no explanation of this in Hone's Every-
''(!>/ Bool-, or in Chanibers's Book of Days, though
in the latter there is a certain St. Tibba men-
tioned, whose anniversary is March 6. Can any
one assist me here ? * I should also like to
know the derivation of the word " common," or,
as it is here pronounced and I suppose spelt,
u cmmon," in the sense of a game, the same as
hockey. Is it called from the place where it is
often played ? I should also like to know the
derivation of the words " skelp " (a blow) and
tc byre." I do not know whether they are common
in England or not. Where is the origin of the
expression, " With one shoe off and one on, as if
you were going to beg law/' to be found ? Let
me ask some account of this expression, which I
heard from a man here to-day. He said, " it
rained from Delfollan to bed-time." Hone and
Chambers are silent concerning it.
H. S. SKIPTON.
.Beechill, LondoncleriT.
PUTTOCK. What ia a pnttock ? It is described
in Maunder as a bird, or buzzard ; in another dic-
tionary it is described ai a bustard. What is the
etymology of the word '. J GEO. B. PUTTOCIC.
Gosport.
[According to Dr. Johnson, puttock.is a kite, from
L;vt. buteo = buzzard. Steever.s, however, tells us that
" a puttock is a mean degenerate species of hawk, too
worthless to deserve training."]
SIR JAMES STANSFIELD. Readers of "N.& Q."
may remember that I called attention to the story
of the murder of Sir James Stansfield by his own
son Philip, at Newmilns near Haddington in 1087
(3 rd S. xii. 27). The case is one of the most
curious in the State Trials. My object was to
discover who Lady Stansfield was, but as yet I
have obtained no clue to her parentage. On read-
ing, however, the other day the virulent attack on
the Stair family in Mr. Maidment's curious Book
of Scottish Pasquils (Edin. 1827) I observe that
the writer says in a note that John, first Earl of
Stair, was a cousin of Philip Stansfield the pnr-
[* See "X. & Q."
. xi. 2G9.]
ricide ; and from my former note it appears that
Sir James Stansfield* made a will in favour of
Mr. Hugh Dalrymple, brother of John the first
earl. Now, as the earl was son of James Dal-
rymple of Stair by Margaret, daughter of James
Ross of Bulneil in Galloway, it follows that Lady
Stansfield must have been a Dalrymple or a Ross.
That she was " a Scotch lady " we know from
the preface to the folio edition of the trial. Thus
the issue is narrowed very much. Can any
reader of "N. & Q." k^idly inform me who the
other daughters of Ross of Balneil married, for I
incline to the belief that Lady Stans field was of
the latter family ? Had she been a Dalrymple
the writer of the lampoon would not have failed
to make the most of it. I think I have seen
some genealogical particulars in print about these
Rosses, but where I cannot now remember.
F. M. S.
"As STRAIGHT AS A DIE.' ? Could any of the
readers of "N. & Q." oblige me by letting ine
know any particulars about the above phrase ?
The person I heard it from treated it as of every-
day occurrence, and was quite surprised when I
asked about it. Can it have any reference to the
perfect and symmetrical way in which a die, fixed
in a stamping machine, makes its impressions
time after time without the slightest variation ?
W. K.
SONG. Where can I procure the song entitled
" Oh ! wilt thou be my bride, Kathleen F "
Pniz.
[The words of this song- are by Mark Lemon, and the
music by Frank Homer. It is printed in J. K. Carpen-
ter's Booh of Modern Songs, 1858, p. 114 (Routledge),
and the words with the music may probably be obtained
at Hutchins & Romer, Conduit Street, Regent Street.]
UNICORNS. In a note of Mr. Roscoe's to his
translation of the Memoirs of Benvenuto Cellini,
1822 (i. 240), he says an unicorn's head was at
that date being shown in London. Is there any
other uotice^of this, or of anything similar at any
other time ? LYTTELTOX.
MAJOR JOHN WADE, circa 165 1. I observed
in "N. & Q." (4 th S. ix. 64), under the head of
(i Wiseman of Barbadoes," that, amongst the list
of names given by J. H. L. A. as being taken
from the parish registers and wills of Barbadoes,
between 1640 and 1690, that of Wade appears.
Judging from the dates, I am inclined to think it
must be that of Major John Wade, who defended
the city of Gloucester against the Royalists in
1651, and who is mentioned in the Thurfow State
Papers and Washbo nine's Bibliotheca Glouces-
trcnsis in the years 1655 and 1656. I am most
anxious to discover more of him, but have hitherto
failed to trace him any later than the last date,
and I strongly suspect he emigrated. I shall be
glad if your correspondent J. H. L. A. can give
120
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[4'i> S. IX. FKB. 10,72.
me any information concerning him, or can put
me in the right track to obtain it ; and also if he
will enlighten me on the following points, viz.
where the records of, or information relating to,
Barhadoes can be seen or obtained ? and whether
the wills he mentions are there or in England ?
Major Wade was the father of Colonel (or more
commonly Major) Nathaniel Wade, barrister-at-
law, of Mouniouth rebellion notoriety, and who,
in his confessions made after the battle of Sedge-
moor, mentions many of the names given by your
correspondent. He was f*own clerk of Bristol in
1687, and died there in 1717. ANTIQUAIUAN.
EBONY PORTRAIT OF LOUIS XVI.: WALTER
BLAKE KIRWAN.
(4 th S. ix. 54.)
CYWRM in "N. & Q." has an interesting refer-
ence to an ebony portrait of Louis XVI., for-
merly belonging to Walter Blake Kirwan, Dean
of Killala, and father of the late Dean Kirwan of
Limerick, from whom your correspondent got it ;
and he at the same time makes reference to
Walter Blake Kirwan himself, and to his own
portrait, which was exhibited in Dublin, as well
as I remember, at the National Exhibition in 1853,
having been sent there by his son the Anglican Dean
of Limerick, in whose possession it always had been
up to the period of his unexpected death in 1868.
If I am right, CYWRM is mistaken in some par-
ticulars as to Kirwan's portrait. In that portrait
.Kirwan is represented preaching in aid of an
orphan society. The attitude is exceedingly for-
cible, impressive, and persuasive, and around the
pulpit (a rather awkward-looking one indeed) are
ranged a number of female orphans in the old-
fashioned caps and dresses of a day long ante-
cedent to that in which Kirwan pleaded on their
behalf in, I believe, St. Nicholas's or St. Michan's
church in Dublin.
The Rev. Samuel O'Sullivan, D.D., in his
Remains (ii. 190, &c.*) gives a long, curious, and
able sketch of the life and career of the Dean of
Killala "a name identified," he says, " with
some of the proudest and holiest of national recol-
lections." But Dr. Samuel O'Sullivan entertained
strong prejudices of a certain kind, and there were
particulars regarding Walter Blake Kirwan which
he, either knowing them, omitted in his admirably
written sketch, or of which he was ignorant. The
Kirwan s are certainly of an ancient Gal way
family, genuinely Irish. They may be traced as
far back as Ilerimon, the second son of Milesius.
Walter Blake Kirwan's maternal ancestor was a
Blake, a descendant of the Menlo family of that
* Remains of Rev. Samuel O' Sullivan, D.D., 3 vols.
Dublin, 1853.
name. The Blakes, though ijmg Hibcrnis Hilerm-
orcs, are of British origin. Dr. O'Sullivan relates
an extraordinary anecdote regarding the intensity
of sympathy, and the fascinating and irresistible
eloquence of Walter Blake Kir wan when yet a
youth, and when about to quit his country -for the
West Indies, where a relative of his father had
large possessions.
Seeing a hardened culprit in the midst of a
guard of soldiers dragged literally to the place of
execution in Galway, the enthusiastic boy leaped
from his horse, rushed impetuously through the
file of infantry,
" and before his friends could recover from their amaze-
ment he was beside the murderer upon the scaffold, who
looked upon him with a strange bewilderment, and
seemed to regard as a messenger from the other world
the apparition by whom he was accosted, and who, in
words and tones which made themselves be heard, warned
him of judgment to come. ' Idiot ! madman ! ' he ex-
claimed, seizing the astounded convict by the ears,
'Hear! the God of heaven is merciful. Covered as you
are with guilt, He would yet snatch you as a brand from
the burning ! Your Saviour liveth to make interce->inti
for you, as He did upon the cross for the penitent male-
factor! See there,' said he, pointing to heaven, towards
which the eyes of the fascinated convict mechanically
followed his directing hand, and he then gave utterance
to the first burst of that burning eloquence which in after
years wrought such miracles upon his hearers ; but
never a greater one than at that moment when it pene-
trated the stony heart of the blaspheming murderer,
whose prayers a"nd tears and convulsive sobs evinced the
effect which had been produced upon him, and who met
his death confessing his misdeeds, and looking for for-
giveness, with trembling hope, to the merits and suffer-
ings of the Redeemer."
It was in consequence of this wonderful incident
that the then Koman Catholic Archbishop of Ar-
magh and Primate of all Ireland, the Most Kev.
Dr. Anthony Blake, who was maternal uncle of
young Kirwan's, advised him to repair to the
University of Louvaine, where he prepared for
and took holy orders in the College of St. Anthony
of Padua in that university as a friar minor of
the Order of St. Francis under the name of Father
Francis Kirwan. At the sale of the late Dean of
Limerick's library a small Svo book came into my
possession, which, connected as it is with the
Dean of Killala, deserves particular notice. This
volume contains three tracts in Latin, the first of
which is
"'Theses Sacnu, et Chronologies, in Evangeiia, totum
tempus a nato Christo, usque ad ultimum excidium lero-
solimorum comprehendentes ; cum questionibus scrip-
turisticis inter famosissimos Chronologos agitatis, neciion
toto tractatu de Jure et Justicia, Re.stitutione et Con-
tractibus.' Ad mentem Doctoris Subtilis, quas preside
F. Thoma Johnston, Ordinis FF. Minorum Recollecto-
rum S. Scripturas Lectore. Defendet F. Franciscus
Kirwan * ejusdem Ordinis, Lovanii, in Coll. S. Antonii
* In the handwriting of Walter Blake Kirwan, at the
foot of the title-page, is the following note:" * Francis
was my name in the above society. It is usual to receive
on entrance a particular Christian name."
4 h S. IX. FEJI. 1.V72.J
NOTES AND QUERIES,
121
De Padua FF. Minort. Hib. Die 26 Octob. Hora 9 ante et
medio 3 post meridiem. Lovanii, Typis Martini Van
Overbeke prope Academiam."
The above is the title of the first tract, which
contains sixteen pages. The second tract is
"' Theses Theologies de decem Decalogi prreceptis cum
principiis Moralitatis qua? in antecessum ad eorum
Jntelligentiam requiruntur. Quas praeside F. Patr.
Browne Ordinis Fratrum Min. Kecoll. Sacra? Theologian
Lectore. Defendet, bora tertia post meridiem. F. Fran-
ciscus Kirwan. Ejusdem Ordinis. Lovanii in Collegio
S. Antonii de Padua FF. Min. Recollectorum Hiberno-
rum die 2 a Maij 1776.' Lovanii Typis Joannis Francisci
Van Overbeke, sub siguo Lampadis* Aureae."
The above tract contains sixteen pages. The
third tract is
" Philosophia quam, preside F. Daniele Gaffey Ordinis
FF. Minor. Recollect. Philosophic Lectore. "Defendet
F. Franciscus Kirwan, ejusdem ordinis, Lovanii in Coll.
S. Antonii de Padua FF. Minor. Hib. Die 17 August!
1775, Hora 9 ante et 3 post meridiem. Lovanii Typis
Martini Van Overbeke prope Academiam."
The above tract contains sixteen pages also, in-
clusive of " a miscellaneous appendix " ; and on
the back of the title-page is an engraving of the
archiepiscopal arms of the see of Armagh sur-
rounded in a border with this legend " * Ant*
BLAKE . Archiep 8 Armac . et TOI S Hib Primas."
The day of the month in the three title-pages
is in manuscript. The volume is well bound in
marbled calf, and is altogether an exceedingly
interesting relic of one of the most eloquent Irish-
men of the last century, the contemporary and
friend of Grattan, Burke, Yelverton, La Touche,
&c. c.
Kirwan became a Protestant and married, and
got the deanery of Killala. He never uttered a
word by way of reproach against his first faith.
Of him I believe it is said that, when about to
preach his first sermon after his "recantation " in
Dublin, he blessed himself in the pulpit, to the
evident dismay of his congregation ; and, instead
of fulminating agains-t his ancestral belief, he
electrified his audience with a discourse which
produced a wonderful effect. That he was a dili-
gent and successful student at Louvaine there is
no doubt. It is proved, if we had no other proof,
in the production of the above tracts, which are
ably written, and which might be forgotten for
ever were it not for the accident which threw
them into my bands, and enabled me to place
them on record in ' N. & Q." As to the portrait
about which CYRWM is anxious, I am sure it is
in the possession of the widow of the late Dean
of Limerick, who inherited much of his more dis-
tinguished father's powerful eloquence, who was
in addition an amiable and worthy gentleman, an
excellent writer, a large contributor to periodical
literature, and, I have heard, a contributor of some
(t thunder " to The Times newspaper of London.
I knew him well, and I always found him tolerant
and liberal in public life, and courteous and friendly
in his private relations.
I have reason to know that Walter Blake
Kirwan studied oratory from some of the ancient
and most approved Christian models. A beautiful
copy of St. John Chrysostom's Sermons or Homi-
lies^ in 3 vols. quarto, translated into French, is
now before me j it was in the library of the late
Dean Kirwan : it contains the autograph of his
father, and it is quite apparent that it was a
favourite book of this famous preacher when he
was preparing for some of his best pulpit efforts.
MAURICE LENIHAN, M.It. I. A.
Limerick.
ETYMOLOGY OF HARROWGATE."
(4 th S. viii. passim ; ix. 20.)
Concurring in the objections of J. CK. R. to
the A.-S. hearge, I am sorry to object also to the
Gothic liar. Temple and enclosure are inadmis-
sible on the ground that the basis of ancient
names is some natural landmark. But this fact
tells in favour of ard. So striking a landmark as
Harrow Hill could not of moral necessity have
escaped receiving its proper title. From the hun-
dreds of examples of its application we know that
that title would be ard. If the hill was named
from hearge, a church, whence did Hergest Ridge,
near Kington, get its name, on which there is not,
nor ever was, a church ? As evidence that Her-
gest Ridge and Herges, Harrow, are cognate, and
as corroborative of my own view, let me point
out that the stream which flows from the Hergest
district is called the " Arrow River."
My objection to liar is chiefly that it would not
corrupt into harrow. It requires two consonants
to produce a spurious syllable. Monosyllables
like el, ivor, and har would so remain ; but let us
take elm, world, Aird, and we shall hear them
popularly pronounced as elhim, worruld, Herod.
Har occurs often enough ; but for one har we
shall find ten ards. The latter is Celtic, har a
Gothic loan-word from the Celtic. It is used in
names of later date and by the Northmen, whereas
ard belongs to the earliest nomenclature. We
have examples of each in Harlow and Audley
(Ardley) End, Essex. Another consideration is,
that ard, like ken, generally forms the central
name of a group. Ard in Harrowgate accounts
for Knaresborough, Arkendale, and Hartswith,
and in Harrow for Pinner, as previously shown,
which har w r ould not do. There can be no doubt
that Kinner in Kinnerton, &c., as suggested by
L. R., p. 407, is identical with Pinner. Some
tribes, as the Irish, used k, and said mac and cean
where the Cornish used p and said map find pen.
DR. CHARLOCK'S valuable extract I consider
further to support my view. Werhardus, or
Warherdus, as Lysons gives it, was the proprietor
122
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
[4'h S. IX.
/>ro tern, of Harro . -iit, therefore, accord-
ing to custom, to derive his name from the pro-
perty or the castle upon it. Now wer = a fort,
and I believe that at a spot so favourable as Har-
row churchyard is, it is morally certain that one
would be constructed. Hard is of course ard,
and the whole name = Ardfort. If liar had been
used, the name ought to be Harold, i. e. Har-Jiold.
Compare Alderman Ulfketiel, Chron. Florence
Wore. s. A.D. 1004. I conceive that Eclgware,
anciently Eggeswere, on the same range of heights,
means the same as Werhard. I hold that it re-
fers to a known British fort at Sullonicce (Cold-
hill-waters) on Brockley Hill. Headstone, Har-
row, was anciently Hegestou. I consider JSyges
and Heyes corruptions of hearye, and this of ard.
Further, in hereg-ethel (herg-at-hill) I discover
another Harewe atte Hull, and all but a demon-
stration of my view. Mersaham and Wassingwella
I identify with Mereworth and Wateringbury,
Kent. Wassing Wateiing exactly, while wcUa
may refer to what is now Pifsingwell (Up-heves-
ingwell). Compare Evesham. ' On the north "
of these places is a very high ridge answering to
hereg-flCkel-tdnd, upon which w r e now find the
name Hern Place. Assumed the antiquity of this
name, it must mean the same as hereg; philology,
moreover, not negativing their identity. What
then is Hern? It is a fact that among other
strange shapes which ard assumes is that of am
or hcrne. This form occurs in Arranmore, Arun-
del, Arucliffe, Arnheim, Gelderlaud, Harnham,
Hernhill, Arne, and Heine. The fair inference is,
that hern, being a recognised variation of ard, it
is ard which is represented under hereg and herga.
I have identified Ghetneninya, with an existing
name, and lidding with a well-known alluvial
tract under a different name, but they do not bear
upon the present sul ' W. B.
Nottiii'* Hill.
Til!-: SIZE OF A BOOK.
(4 th S. ix. 57.)
Books are printed in sheets, the sizes of which are
named according to the number and size of the
pages in each sheet. Folio is the largest size,
which contains on one form, or side of the sheet,
2 pages. The next size is Quarto, containing
4 pages on one side of the sheet. Then follow
Octavo, or Svo, with 8 pages in the same space ;
Duodecimo, 12 mo, or Ticell-cs, with 12 pages; and
so on IGmo, or Sixtecns, ISmo, 24mo, 32mo, &c..
which contain on one form 16, 18, 24, and 32
pages respectively ; but as all the sheets are printed
on both sides, these numbers must be doubled to
give the actual number of pages in each sheet.
Any of these sizes may be distinguished by notic-
ing certain printer's marks, which are placed at
the bottom of the first page of every sheet. They
are so placed for the convenience of the printer,
the folder, and the binder ; their chief use L
for the sake of convenient reference on the part of
the reader. These marks consist of the letters of
the alphabet: the fiVst sheet is generally marked
B (A being reserved for the title, contents, &c.,
which are usually printed last) ; the second sheet
is marked C, and so on throughout the letters of
the old Roman alphabet, which did not contain
the letters J, V, and W these are, therefore,
omitted. When this alphabet is exhausted, the
twenty-third sheet is signed AA, or 2 A ; the
twenty-fourth BB, or 2 B; and so on to the end.
The third alphabet is printed AAA, or 3 A, and
so on.
In some cases, especially in books printed in
France or Germany, numbers instead of letters
are used for the signatures. If tho work be in
two or more volumes, the number of the volume
is added to each sheet: thus, Vol. if. B would be
the signature of the first sheet of the second
volume. In foreign books this signature would
be simply n. 1. In both cases the number of the
volume is inserted at the left-hand bottom corner,
.and the letter or numeral near the right-hand
bottom corner.
The size of the book, whether folio, quarto,
octavo, &c., may be learned by counting thw num-
ber of pages from one signature to the n
Each of these sizes also admits of many varie-
ties : thus an octavo, although always consisting
of 16 pages, may be Royal Svo, Demy 8vo, Post
8vo, Crown 8vo, &c., which leads to verv great
complication. To distinguish these compound
terms, a reference must be made to the size of a
sheet of the paper upon which the book is printed.
The sizes of printing papers vary with the manu-
facturer ; but the difference is so trifling, that the
rule pertaining to one establishment may be ac-
cepted as that of another. The measurement of
a sheet of the various kinds of printing paper is
as follows : Large News, 32 x 22 inches ; Small
News, 28 + 21; Royal, 25x20,- Medium', 23 x
18f ; Demy, 22^ + 18; Post, 19 x 15); Copy,
204 x 16$; *OWfl, 20 x 15; Foolscap, 104 x 13|;
Pott, 15 x 12.
Hoic is a I2mo folded? To answer this ques-
tion, I must say a few words about the printing
of a 12mo sheet. The arrangement of the pages
of one side of a sheet or of a form, in their proper
order, and the wedging them up in an iron frame
called a chr.se, preparatory to their being printed,
is called imposing a sheet. In imposing a sheet of
twelves, or duodecimo, eight pages in each form
are arranged together in the manner of a small
Svo sheet. Above these eight pages, with a wider
space between, four pages are arranged in each
form, forming what is called the offcvt. In fold-
ing the sheet, these four pages are first cut off,
and the remaining eight folded like a sheet of
S. IX.
NOTES AND QUERIES.
123
oct<avo. The offcut is then folded down the
middle twice, and inserted within the fold of the
sixteen pages, thus forming altogether the re-
quired number twenty-four.
In a sheet of this kind the signatures are car-
ried to B 0, B o being the iirst page of the offcut ;
and however numerous the pages may be in a
sheet with one signature, if they are all inserted,
they are continued to the last odd page before
the middle of the sheet, but they are never car-
ried beyond the middle. In strictness it is not
necessary to insert more than the iirst two to in-
dicate the iirst- fold of the paper, and the first of
the offcut. The others only disfigure the pages,
and are not of much use to the folder, who has
only to keep the signatures on the outside, and
the pages must be folded correctly. In French
books the first page of the offcut is often indicated
by some small mark printed at the bottom, such
as
The meaning of the word edition, as applied to
one book or many, I understand to be the number
of copies of a book printed at a time.
CHAHLES NAYLOR.
TRANSLATIONS OF THE TALMUD.
(4 th S. viii. 438.)
Allow me space in your columns to add to the
list of translations of the Talmud a work that
your learned correspondent MR. J. T. BUCKTON
informed me, just before his recent decease, was
unknown to him. He had given much attention
to this subject, and in 18G3 gave in "N. & Q."
a scheme for an English translation. As this
work had escaped his attention, it may be new to
some of your readers who are interested in this
subject. I mean
"Talmud Babli, Tractat Bcrachoth, mit deutscber
Uebersetzun^ und den Commeutaren Kaschi und Jo-
sephoth, &c." Yon Dr. E. M. Pinner, Berlin, 1812
a magnificent folio, giving the Mishna and the
Gemara and the notes of Raschi and Josephoth,
with various readings, all in Hebrew and German.
There is also a valuable introduction in German.
Unfortunately this work, which was dedicated to
the Emperor of Russia, and was subscribed for by
princes and scholars in all parts of the civilized
world, does not extend beyond Berachoth, i. e.
benedictions, the first of the sixty-two books of
the Talmud. But so far as it goes it leaves
nothing to be desired. It is a fact interesting to
the student that the same ground is traversed by
Le Talmud de Babylone traduit enLanguefranqaise,
&c., par L'Abbe L. Clnarini, 2 vols. Leipzic,
1831 ; but Chiarini does not give the original
Hebrew. His work, however, is of great value,
and he gives a useful introduction. He had
travelled to several European cities to inform
himself upon Talraudic literature and to find the
purest text. The names of De Sola and Raphall
have been mentioned in your columns, but with-
out particulars. Their work is entitled Eighteen
Treatises from the Mithaa, translated ly Rev. I}.
A. de Sola and Rev. M. J. Raphall. Second Edi-
tion, 1845, London. At a public discussion of
the members of the Svnagoo-ue on the subject of
revising the Liturgy and improving public wor-
ship, some who took part in the discussion were
taunted with giving partial extracts made by
Christian writers. Hence the appointment of the
above-named translators. They give only eighteen
of the sixty- two chapters, and only the Mishna,
none of the Gemara and Commentaries. They
have 'given u such parts of the Mishna as more
immediately relate to Israel in their present dis-
persion." In The Ethics of 'the Fathers translated,
&c., Edinburgh, 1852, believed to be by the
oriental scholar Robert Young, there is a brief
but useful introduction to the Talmud. The
" Hebrew Catalogue" at the British Museum has
valuable texts, &c. under the heading " Talmud."
If any of your readers are translating any part of
the Talmud into English, may I ask to hear from
them without occupying your crowded pages.
JOSIAH MILLER.
18, South Parade, Newark.
P.S. The following work has just appeared :
" Traite dos Berakhoth du Talmud de Jerusalem et du
Talmud de Babylone, traduit ponr la premiere fois en
fraiKjais par Moise Schwab. Paris: Alaisonneuve.''
M. Schwab purposes translating the other trea-
tises of the Talmud. His title seems to have been
made in forgetfuluess of Chiarinrs previous trans-
lation.
NAPOLEON ON BOARD THE NORTHUMBER-
LAND.
(4 th S. ix. 50.)
I was formerly well acquainted with the Rus-
sian admiral Tchitchagoff, whom Napoleon, when
on board the Northumberland, described as " a
clever fellow, but not a good general." I first
knew him at Brighton in 1843, and for several
years maintained a "constant intercourse with him.
Our acquaintance was not begun, indeed, ^but
matured and fostered, by chess. The admiral,
although no great proficient, took much pleasure
in the game; particularly in the examination of
difficult positions and problems, in solving which
he displayed no small quickness and ingenuity.
He was certainly "a clever fellow/' speaking
English like a native; and his conversation
abounded in anecdote and reminiscence of the
stirring events of which Europe was the theatre
during the end of the last and the beginning of
the present century.
Admiral Tchitchagoff, as is well known, com-
manded a division of the Russian army in the
124
NOTES AND QUERIES.
L4'" S. IX. FKIJ. 10,72.
Moscow campaign, and, at the head of 30,000
men, held the opposite bank of theBeresina, with
the object of barring the transit of the French
army. Impressed with the belief that Napoleon's
intention was to attempt the passage at Chabach-
wiezi, where his force was posted, Tchitchagoff
persisted in remaining there, even after he had
been warned of his mistake. The emperor's real
design, however, was to cross at Studieuka, which
he succeeded in doing with the most serviceable
part of the remnant of his multitudinous array.
I never heard the admiral allude to the affair of
the Beresina but once, and that was one evening
after I had been dining alone with him. We had
been talking about chess; and the conversation
then turning on the Russian campaign, I inad-
vertently made a depreciatory remark on Kutosoif,
who had allowed Napoleon, before reaching the
Beresina, to pass his formidable force without an
attempt to impede him. The good admiral, sip-
ping his glass of wine, remarked with a smile :
"Ay ! and they said he checkmated me too after-
wards."
The substance of the above is taken from a
little book of mine on chess matters, published
some time ago.* * H. A. KENNEDY.
Waterloo Lodge, Reading.
In the first volume of the Memorial de Saint e-
Helene (p. 177) I find the following:
" Ayant eu une audience particuliere de 1'Empereur
Francois, dans le voyage qu'il a fait en Italie en 1816, il
y fut question de Na'poleon. L'Empereur d'Autriche n'en
parla jaraais que dans les meilleurs termes. On cut pu
penser, me disait le narrateur, qu'il le croyait encore
regnant en France, et qu'il ignorait qu'il fut a Sainte-
Helene : il ne lui donna jamais d'autre qualification que
celle de TEmpereur Napoleon"
Now, it has always been to me a matter of
great astonishment and regret, for England's sake,
that in this particular instance she showed such
a vindictive spirit, quite beneath her dignity.
"Fair play is a jewel," says the old adage; and
the English from boyhood are wont to put it into
practice, and never to strike an antagonist when
he is down much less such an adversary as the
great Napoleon. In reading the late Lord Lyttel-
ton's interesting notes, it is impossible not to feel
sore at the total want of common courtesy on the
part of all government officials, high or low, in
addressing and treating a fallen enemy, who for a
length of time had been ruler over great part of
the world. It was evidently from a mot tfordre,
which subsequently came from high quarters, for
at first it was not so. Indeed, Lord Lyttelton
tells us :
" Everybody knows that Bonaparte was received as an
emperor by Captain Maitland [on board the Bellerophon],
who gave up to him the after-cabin, where he was not to
be intruded upon by any unbidden guest."
* Waifs and Strays, chiefly from the Chess- Board.
L. Booth, London, 1862,
knowing full well that such are "often welccmest
when they are gone." But then again we are told :
"On board the Northumberland, matters were to
be placed on a different footing." Why? and
wherefore that ill-natured and unbecoming affec-
tation, to call such a man as Napoleon simply
"Buonaparte " or " Monsieur le General" which,
by the bye, to French ears sounds about as ludi-
crous as if, speaking to an English officer of high
rank, you were to say " Mister the General ! "
Who in England, now-a-days, would ever think
of calling " Monsieur le General " Napoleon III.,
who, in all your public press, is ycleped " The
Emperor " and " His Majesty "? Well might the
first Napoleon exclaim with indignation: " Q,u'ils
m'appellent comme ils voudront, ils ne m'empe-
cheront pas d'etre Moi." But Sir George Cock-
burn was determined to assert the new rule by
taking Lord Lyttelton, Sir George Bingham,
and Lord Lowther into the cabin ; and saying,
"'Won't you sit down?' left us there vix-a-vi*
to Bonaparte," without even presenting them ;
which, methinks, was of very questionable taste.
Napoleon had expressed the wish to be allowed
to reside in England, and to have an interview
with the Regent ; but Lord Keith objected to this,
saying, like an old tar: "Before they'd have been
half- an -hour together, they would be as thick as
two thieves."
As regards the Empfror Alexanders sentiments
towards Napoleon: When these two powerful
potentates met at Erfurt, on one of the French
actors at the play saying " L'amitie d'un grand
honnne est un bienfait des dietix," Alexander
suddenly turned towards Napoleon and put out his
hand to him, which was loudly cheered by the
whole house.
"I remarked," says Lord Lyttelton, "that his
hair, of a reddish brown colour, waslong, rough, and,
if the expression may be permitted, dishevelled."
I have some of Napoleon's hair, and have seen
much more of it : I think I may positively assert
that there was not a particle of red about it.
Whilst on the quarter-deck with his hat off, and
by an August sunshine, it very likely acquired
momentarily a warm or golden tone, but not red;
nor was his hair habitually what could be called
long (his vieux grognards used to say " le petit
tondu"); but if Napoleon's hair had become
scarce, it had never been rough, but, on the con-
trary, very silken, and by the sea-breeze would of
course get somewhat " dishevelled." Here is a
copy of a letter written on board the Bellerophon
on August 16, 1815, and addressed to his duchess
by Savary, Duke of Rovigo, who, to his great
sorrow, was not allowed to share the fate of
" Cresar and his fortune," or rather misfortune:
" Enfin chere amie le sort en est jete', on m'emmene ce
soire (sic), je ne scais oil, j'aurais donne ma vie pour te
voire un moment, mais je ne puis meme te dire ou tu
4 th S. IX. FKB. 10, ? 72.J
NOTES AND QUERIES.
125
devras et comment tu pourras m'e'crire, je n'ai pas besoin
cle te dire a ouelles angoisses mon cceur est livre ; le tien
te montrera le chemin pour m'en sortire. Je te renvois
le plus fidel et le plus respectable des serviteurs, je desire
qu'il reste pros de toi exclusivement a qui que ce soit, tu
auras plaisir a parler avec quelqu'un qui in 'a vu. Je prie
S . . . de t'aider et de te dormer du courage ; tu en trou-
veras en envisageant nos enfants. Embrasse-les bien
pour moi. Je n'ai que le temps de te serrer coutre mon
t'oaur et de te dire, si c'est pour la derniere fois, que
jusqu'a ma derniere heure je ne cesserai de te che'rire.
Je dois a Jean les mois de Juin, Juillet et Aout, et lui
r^incts quatre mille six cents francs pour toi.
" Adieu, c'hcre et tendre amie.
Je t'embrasse.
" Bellerophon,'le 16 Aout."
The good Duchesse de Rovigo, in sending me
this letter in 1836, said : " Voici la lettre de mon
mari que je vous ai promise; m'etant adressee
elle ne pouvait etre signee, mais je certifie qu'elle
est de sou ecriture." It is an interesting docu-
ment. P." A. L.
WHITE BIRD FEATHERLESS:
(1 st S. xi. 225, 274, 313.)
EGGS AS AX ARTICLE OF FOOD.
(4 th S. vii. 409, 484.)
Your lamented correspondent 'AA^L-S (DR.
FISHER, of Trinity College, Dublin), whose com-
munications were always looked into with*in-
terest, desired to be referred to the source from
which Kircher obtained the Greek verses printed
ut supra, p. .'513, as he suspected they are not free
frotn corruption. This information will perhaps
be acceptable to others, and I have much pleasure
in laying before them the following extract from
Jacobi Lydii Sermones Conviviales ap. Poematia
a Caspare Barlceo et Cornelia Boyo. Dordraci,
1643, where the first verse is thus corrected:
'AirTepov es Ssi>fipov TTTTJVOI' TTOT &(pv\\oi> VeTTTT/
Lydius subjoins " Ant si Latina magis capis:
" Xon habuit pennas volucris, tamen ipsa volavit
Desuper in quercus, exutas frondibus altis.
Ore carens aliquis, de ccetu (ut credo) Gigantum,
Venit, et hanc consumpsit avem, licet ore careret.
"Philistor. Latina ejusmodi verba mihi aeque cum
Grsecis obscura sunt. Quid dicam nescio, herbam do.
Tu modo interpretare.
" ArchaBologus. Doctissimi Joacbimi Camerarii (Deum
immortalem ! qua doctrina viri) griphus est. Autorem
enim silentio prudens prreteribam, ne, ut antea, istboc
pacto te ad sensum ejus indagandum forte manuducerem.
Signiticatur autem a Sole consumpta et liquefacta nix,
quag in arborem deciderat; quippe cum nix cadit, arbores
foliorum honore sunt orbataj."
In my turn I beg to ask what work of Came-
rarius is here referred to ? I have looked through
his Symbolorum et Emblematum Centurice IV.
Francofurti, 1661.
" Griphus (ypityus}, in its primary Greek signification,
means a net ; hence it was applied to a kind of enigma
(quo irretiri solent, as the lexicographers tell us ; see
also Hesychius and Simla?, ad v. e/cATJflr? 5' airo rwv
a\ifVTiKui' 7p/0&jj/ ,+ Jul. Pollux, vi. 19), of which Athe-
naeus (x. 15, Gas. 69, Schw. K.T.A.) has left a very full,
though in parts somewhat obscure account, and in the
explication of which Casaubon and Schweighaeuser have
expended a profusion of learning." Encycl. Metropol.
We learn from Clearchus in Athenoeus, lib. x.
17, that the griphi were enigmatical and obscure
forms of speech which the Greeks proposed for
solution at their symposiacs, mingling thus the
feast of reason and the flow of soul, the nets of
Plato and Anacreon's bowl.
Clearchus wrote a Treatise on Proverbs, in which
he remarks that the investigation of griphi,
though sportive and jocose, is not alien from phi-
losophy, and that the ancients showed their learn-
ing in them. On this point see also J. C. Scaliger,
Poeticcs, iii. 83. There are seven species of them :
one of them resembles what with us is called
u capping verses."
I must refer the inquirer to the Encyclopedia
Metropolitans for a copious article on this subject,
subjoining authorities and books of reference not
there mentioned.
Aristophanes, Vespce, v. 20. Comp. Becker,
Chartcles, i. 473 (Smith's Diet, of Gr. and Rom.
Antiq.)
Plato, Symposium. This and the (supposed)
Conmmwn of Xenophori (see Jowett, i. 488) are
adduced to show the Greek custom inter pocula
philosophandi. Cf. Plutarch us, Macrobius (Satur-
nalia, lib. vii. c. 3). Stuckii Antiquitates Con-
viviales, lib. iii. cap. 18 :
" An, et quatenus de rebus seriis, et gravibus et philo-
sophicis sit inter pocula disserendum: de sermonibus,
problematibus, et parabolis convivialibus Cliristi : de
lectunculis cum sacris turn profanis et olim et hodie inter
epulas, postque adhiberi solids." (Potter, ut infra.)
Plutarchus, Septem Sapientum Convivium.
(Moralia, Wyttenbach, i. 404 syq.)
Apuleius, Florida, Delph. p. 779. lie wrote a
work entitled Liber Ludicrorum et Qriphorutn,
which is lost.
Diogenes Laertius, Menage, i. 89, p. 55 ; ii. p. 52,
de Cleobulo et Cleobulina.
" Since in this apophegmatic and concise style of speak-
ing the object was not to express the meaning in a clear
and intelligible manner, it was only one step further
altogether to conceal it. Hence the griphus or riddle was
invented by the Dorians, and, as well as the epigram,
was much improved by Cleobulus the Rhodian, and his
daughter Cleobulina." Miiller's Hist, and Antiq. of the
Doric Race, ii. 399.
Eustathius in Odysseam, p. 1926; J. J. Hoff-
manni Lexicon Universale; Zedler, "Universal
* Cf. Scirpus.
126
NOTES AXD QUERIES.
Lexicon ; Gyraldi ^niifnutta (Opp. t. ii. p. G13) ;
Bulenger, Conviv. iii. Mo (referred to by Zedler) ;
Stuckii Antiqmtaies Conviviales; Vossii Lexicon
Etymologicum ; Coelius Rhodiginus, Antiq. Lect.
xxviii. 4 ; Potter's Archceoloyia Grceca, book iv.
ch. xx. ad finem.
"In the time of Plutarch they rarely dwcoiir.s.d upon
any serious argument at public entertainments,
a discourse being begun at Nicostratua'a house, concern-
ing a subject which was to be discussed in the popular
Assembly at Athens, som3 of the company, who had never j
heard of the ancient Greek custom, affirmed that it was
an imitation of the Persians (Sijmpos. lib. vii. qurcst. 9).
And this question is propounded in the same author
( Sympos. principio), whether it were allowable to discourse
philosophy over their cups ? Some delighted to tell stories
and to repeat ancient fables on these occasions : others
chose to read some diverting discourse, faffiv cure?;', or to
hear a poem repeated, which was very common among
men of letters. But no diversion was more usual than
that of propounding and answering ditfieult questions.
Such of these as were wholly designed for amusement
were termed cu.viyf.LXT a. : but those which farther con-
tained something serious and instructive were called
Pliny, which furnishes an
eggs as an article of food :
to a query about
Grotius, Annotations in Jndic. xiv. 1:2-14.
There were various presents and lines among the
Greeks. The usual line imposed upon the party
who was beaten in the contest of griphi was a
cup of salt and water, to be swallowed at a single
draught, as we learn at the close of the tenth book
of Athenseus; cf. Julius Pollux.
I shall close these references with an extract
from Plato :
" All agreed that drinking was not to be the order of
the day. Then, said Eryximachus, as you arc all agreed
that drinking is to be voluntary, and that there is to be
no compulsion, I move, in the next place, that the flute-
girl, who has just made her appearance, be told to go
away; she ma'y play to herself, or, if she has a mind, to
the women who are within. ]jut on this dav let us have
conversation instead ; and if you will allow me, I will
tell you what sort of conversation. . . . Many sophists,
as for example the excellent Prodicus, have descanted in
prose on the virtues of Heracles and other heroes ; and,
what is still more extraordinary, I have met with a phi-
losophical work in which the utility of salt* has b."-n
made the theme of an eloquent discourse, and man)- like
things have had a like honour bestowed upon them."
Jowett, i. 494.
There are numerous examples commented on in
Casaubon's Ex erciiationes, and in Gvraldi Symbola.
There are other ingenious riddles given by
Lydius besides the one above quoted.
" Ne tamen Indus jocusquc suus, eui cum honestate
conveniat, clesit hisce genialibus epulis. agite, griphi et
asnigmata bellariis nostris gratiam ac venustatem, nobis
vero voluptatem concilient. Etenim non contemncndi
au tores in eis ingenii vires exercuerunt. Quorum rlorem
decerpere utile ac jucundum fuerit."
One of these is illustrated by a passage from
* See" N. & Q." 2^ S. x. 10, 198 ; Lilii Greg. Gvraldi
PythagortE Symbola. (Opp. t. ii. 480,)
" Plinium audi : Xullus, inquit, e.>t alius cibus qni in
ajgritudine magis alat, neque oeftrei
ac cibi habeat." [Lib. xxix. c. II.]
He cites also on the same subject Ileraclides
Tarentinus in Athena-US, lib. ii. cap. 50, &c.
In the 'Aj>8o\o-)io, II. Steplia :ii, 1560, ad finem,
there are six 'CarOfKWwwa "/pic&wS;?. Dr. Gilly, in
Viyilantius and Jti-i Tin;; s Ausonius not
to have been a sincere Christian from his trifling
on the subject of the Trinity in his Griphus Tcr-
narii Numeri.
I should be much obliged if you or one of your
numerous correspondents would kindly inform me
where there is to be for. :nt of a cere-
mony mentioned bv Dr. Dee :
" In that College (Trinity } i iy advice an
my endeavours divers waves us^l wi'th all th<i other
leges was their Christinas Magistrate first named and
confirmed an Emperor. The first was o:;e Mr. Thomas
Dun, a very goodly man of person, -luture, and com-
plexion, and well learned also."
There is a humorous description of Academical,
Saturnalia in . ms Prince,
as it was exhibited in iltc Uniuers&y of Oxford in
the year 1607:
"Gaudium laetum canimu-.
Hoc idem semper, nee
Jam licet, la-tw feriie hie aguntur
Yivit
See Miscellanea Antiqua Anylicana, 1816, 4to.
These academical titles appear to have been
borrowed from the Greek Bao-tAeus, &c., and tho
Latin Ilex, Alodimperator, &c. the King, whose
business it was to determine the laws of good
fellowship, and to observe whether every man
drank his proportion, whence he was also called
, Oculus, the Eye.
BlBLTOTHECAR.
WIDTH OF CnuRcn NAVES. In " N . & Q.''
for Oct. 28 is a letter of enquiry as to the breadth
of church naves; and in tl: r '.).
another communication, givinp- a .short list of di-
mensions. To this list 1 beg to a.dd that of St.
Michael's, Coventry, which (measured from centre
of piers') is 40 ft. (J in., or about :fc feet clear, in
breadth : this will. I think, give it a claim to be
placed among the widest cf our English naves.
The entire length of the church (internally) is
240 ft,; its greatest breadth (inclusive of the i
and side chapels) is 119 ft. o in. The absence of
a chancel arch, added to its groat loftiness and
lightness, renders this church one of the most
imposing of all our parish cburebe.s. Only one, I
believe, which is that of St. Nicholas, Great Yar-
mouth, exceeds it in area. W. G. FHJ:TTON.
88, Little Park Street, Coventry.
-1"' S. IX. Fi:u. 10, 7-.'.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
127
FOUR CHILDREN AT A BIRTH (4 th S. ix. 53.)
I remember seeing four girls who were born at
the same time, between fifty and sixty years ago.
They were the children of a poor couple, in Wor-
cestershire, and all lived several years. When I
saw them they were about ten years old : they
were all out in the garden of a small cottage by
the side of the road from Birmingham to Brorns-
grove. They were all dressed alike, and their
features were all cast in the same mould. They
were all four well, lively, and intelligent. Can
any information be given as to how long these
children lived, or at what dates respectively they
died ? I heard of their being alive some years
afterwards, but then lost sight of them. As they
caused a great sensation at the time in the neigh-
bourhood of Bromsgrove, many persons must be
living who could relate their subsequent history.
F. 0. H.
QUEEN MAEY (4 th S. viii. 433 ; ix. 26.) Your
correspondent J. "W. and not the Canongate re-
gister is at fault with respect to the date of
Uizzio's death. The register bears that Queen
Mary's marriage to Darnley took place in ' July
.," Rizzio's death on "Oth March, 1565," and
Darnley's murder on " 10th February, 1566." In
Scotland, prior to 1600, the historical year ended,
not on December 81, but on March 24 ; March 25
being the first day of the year. Accordingly, in
the case of the dates assigned in the register to
the murders of Rizzio and Darnley, 1566 and
1567 must be substituted for 1565 and 1566 re-
spectively, to make them harmonise with the
modern mode of computation, which was not for-
mally enforced by statute till 1752. E/N.
PRINTED MATTER COPIED (4 th S. viii. 480 ; ix. 19.)
This paper is made by llerr Weigle, Paradies-
Apothek, Winkler Strass, Niirnberg. The only
difficulty is that the carriage and cost of sending
him the few shillings required are rather large in
proportion. His letter to me cost Qd. ; then there
would be paying a banker to transmit it 3s. or 4s.,
and then the question of conveyance arises. I
should be very glad to join any one in getting
some of the paper. T\vo months ago I might
have fetched it, in going to or returning from
Ober-Ammergau. C. F. BLACKBURX.
11. B. P. should be thanked for his communica-
tion. There must be many readers of "N. &Q."
who will perhaps thank me too if I ask in their
name that he will further oblige us by translating
from the ayerisc&e Industrie the details of the
process. HARRY NAPIER DRAPER.
Dublin.
CURE FOR RHEUMATISM (4 th S. viii. 505; ix. 26.)
The carrying of a potato in the pocket as a cure
for rheumatism is still practised amongst the Nor-
folk peasantry, and I was told by a clergyman
about two years ago that a labourer in his parish
took one from his pocket and asked him if he
could tell what it was. It was so shrivelled up
that the rector could not imagine what it could
be, and he was then told it was a potato, which
he had long carried about with him to cure the
rheumatics. GEORGE RAYSON.
Gooclwyn House, Pul'
HAHO (4 th S. viii. 21, passim, 550.) Does MR.
CHAP.NOCK attach no importance whatever to his-
toric truth ? The original name of the conqueror
of Normandy was the Norse Ilrolfr, " Hrolf the
ganger"; afterwards changed to Rolf, or Rolph,
and Rolio. Under any conceivable explanation
of the term haro, what possible connection can
this have with the name Radolph corrupted to
Randolph, if indeed the latter could be a corrup-
tion of the former ? ED. CONSTANTINE.
AN OLD SONG IN PRAISE OF BSEF (4 th S. ix.
53.) The song quoted by MR. 11. W. H. NASH
is by my grandfather, Charles Dibdin, Jun. I
find it on p. 69 of a little volume entitled
" The Song Smith, or Rigmarole Repository : con-
taining Popular Songs, Comic and Serious. . ." . The
whole written by C. Dibdin, Jun. . . . London :
Printed fur the Author by W. Glendinning, Hatton
Garden. . . . 1801."
The song is titled, " Iloyr.l Reasons for Roast
Beef" (tune, "When Arthur first at Court
began"). [In the author's pantomime of Harle-
quin Bcnedick.~]
I cannot ascertain the date of Harlequin Bene-
dicJJs production.
As printed hi u N. Q." the song agrees very
closely with the original. There are a few varia-
tions, "but none of any note.
E. RIMEAULT DIBDIN".
Edinburgh.
This song has called up some lines which my
mother learnt about sixty years ago. I think
11 N. & Q." will not object to preserve them :
" Brave Betty was a maiden queen,
Bold and clever ! bold and clever !
King Philip, then a Spaniard king,
To court her did endeavour.
Queen Bess she frowned and stroked her ruff,
And gave the might}'' Don a hurt':
For which he swore her ears he'd cuff,
AH with his grand Armada.
' Says Royal Be?s, ' I'll vengeance take ! '
Blessings on her ! blessings on her !
' But first I'll eat a nice beefsteak,
All with my maids of' honour.'
Then to her admirals she went,
Drake, Efiingham, and Howard sent,
Who soon dished Philip's armament,
And banged his grand Armada."
I think the lines were originally published in
the Independent Whiy. TH.OS. RATCLIFJFE.
128
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[4 th S. IX. FEB. 10, '72.
ROMAN VILLA AT NORTHLEIGH (4 th S. viii.
545.) Reading the notice of this villa, it ap-
peared to me that the writer was not aware of
the " Account of the Roman Villa discovered . . .
1813, 14, 15, and 16," which was printed, with
some illustrations, in Skelton's History of the
Antiquities of Oxfordshire. The description was
written by the architect, Henry Hakewill, and it
was reprinted as a quarto pamphlet, with some
additional plates, by him in 1826. He remarks
that he had intended more accurately examining
" the west side of the quadrangle, and some parts
of the adjoining ground," but was prevented by
circumstances which, occurred. W. P.
SHAKESPEARIANA (4 th S. viii. 220, 384, 504.)
King John (Act III. Sc. 1.) Justly and fairly I
claim to state that mam&y, as well as inanity,
suggested itself to me. But, as one word, there
appears to be no Shakespearian authority for either,
nor any lexicographical establishment of inamity,
while inanity is so established ; and, remarkably
enough, as antithetic to " grappling vigour " =
hot closeness of active enmity, "cold inaniti/"=
cold avoidance, is somewhat synonymous with
"cold inamity "= passive unfriendliness of spe-
cious peace. Still I find, in Smart's Supplement
to the Index of Common Terminations, under
" -amour," " en-(a)mity, un-mrfness," which may
be placed in juxtaposition with the assumed
inamity of Dr. Johnson, as adduced -by CROW-
DOWN j and henceforth one or the other may be-
come lexicographically established. I am much
pleased, however, to have given occasion for the
remarks of F. R. and CROWDOWN, and have no
desire but for the adoption of the proper word as
intended by Shakespeare. J. BEALE.
ARMS OF PRINCE RUPERT (4 th S. ix. 38.)
The arms of Prince Rupert are surely the same
as those of his father, Pfalzgraf and King of Bohe-
mia, being Der Pfalz am Rhein (sable, a lion
rampant, or; turned to the left; crowned gules),
quartering Der Hertzogthuni von Bayern (paly
bendy, azure and argent). These are the arms
found on the contemporary Palatinate coins, gene-
rally in separate shields, and having under them
on a third shield the emblem of the imperial arch-
sewership, hereditary cup-bearer to the German
emperor (?) (Erztruchsessenwiirde), which is, gules,
the imperial orb or. In 384 Medals of England
(4to, London, 1831), at plate 14 will be found an
oval medal enclosed in a chased border having on
its obverse a bust of Prince Rupert, partly turned
to the left, bareheaded, in armour, and holding a
baton. On its reverse are the three shields men-
tioned above, supported by two lions, and hav-
ing the Rhine-Palatine crest (a lion sitting be-
tween two horns, the lion as in the first shield,
the horns tinctured as in the second) : his crest
divides the initials R. P.
As Rupert was a third son, I should much like
i to know if he had any right to the Reichsapfcl,
which, I should imagine, could only be borne by
the Prince Palatine of the time being : also, I
should like to know how it was that the golden
Palatinate lion (which now in Bavarian coins faces
to the right) always at that time faced inwards,
even in the crest.
In addition to the above three shields, the
Prince Palatine of the Rhine bore the following
quarterings :
Julich. Or, a lion sable.
Cleve. Gules, eight lilies or, in cross and saltire
springing out of a small shield argent.*
Berg. Argent, a lion gules crowned azure.
Veldenz. Argent, a lion azure crowned of the
second.
Mark. Barry of six, gules and argent.
Ravensberg, Argent, three chevronels gules.
Mors. Or, a fess sable.
And five crests Pfalz, Jiilich, Bayern, Cleve
and Mark, and Berg.
NEPHRITE.
" THE MISLETOE BOUGH " (4 th S. viii. passim ;
ix. 46.) " GENEVRA," the short poem in Rogers's
Italy, is no doubt a pure fiction. The scene is laid
in Modena, not in Florence ; and Rogers himself
says in a note :
" This stor3' is, I believe, founded on fact, though the
time and place are uncertain. Many old houses in Eng-
land lay claim to it."
W. J. BERNHARD SMITH.
Temple.
" JOIN ISSUE " (4 th S. ix. 14.) In Russell's
Life of Moore it is recorded that Lord Castle-
reagh who, considering his education and public
position, was less to be excused than Burns
constantly used "join issue " in the sense of agree,
whereas the meaning of this purely legal phrase is
to agree on wliat to disagree. W. T. M.
Shinfield Grove.
Burns is, I believe, correct in his use of the
phrase "join issue," though that use of it seems
now to be obsolete. If LORD LYTTELTON will
turn to the Correspondence of the Right Hon. IVm.
Wickham (1870, ii. 86), he will find Lord Malmes-
bury writing to Mr. Wickham :
" I join issue with you, my dear sir, most perfectly
with regard to the no confidence to be placed in Conti-
nental Courts."
WILLIAM WICKHAM.
Athenaeum.
"BLACK" OR "BLEAK BARNSLEY" (4 th S. viii.
451 ; ix. 45.) In Jackson's History of Barnsley,
published in 1858 (chap. v. p. 46j, occurs the
following sentence :
" In the last century it (Barnsley) was called Black
Barnsley, or Bleak Barnsley, either from the smoke of its
* Is this not an escarbuncle ?
S. IX. FKB. 10, '72.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
129
forges, its lofty situation, or from its proximity to the
neighbouring moors, which, like Blackheath, have a sooty
appearance."
The late Mr. William White, of Sheffield, the
well-known publisher of county histories and
directories, says in his West Hiding History, under
the head of <: *Barnsley," that
" it was anciently called ' Bleak' Barn.sley from the ex-
posed situation of Old Barnsley, which is now a small
village on the summit of the hill, nearly a mile N.W. of
the town.
If, as is generally believed, the hamlet of Old
Town, or Old Barnsley, was the original ville
of the manor of Barnsley, I am inclined to think
that the designation must have been Bleak Barns-
ley ; for it would be difficult to find a town in the
West Riding of Yorkshire occupying a more
bleak exposed situation. Though it is in the
centre of the South Yorkshire coal field, and is
the seat of linen and other soot-creating indus-
tries, Barnsley is, even in the present day, by no
means so black as many other towns which might
be named in Yorkshire. Both terms are used,
the one being evidently a corruption of the other,
and the circumstances seem to indicate that the
transition has been from Bleak to Black.
ALEXANDER PATERSON.
Barnsley.
THE MARQUIS DE MONTCALJI (4 th S. viii. 397.)
I am sorry that no one has come forward to vin-
dicate the reputation of Montcalm, as my very
limited acquaintance with Choiseul's writings does
not entitle me to compare his literary merits with
those of the hero of Ticonderoga. In any case
the information on which the prophecy of Ameri-
can Independence is founded must have been
derived from some person in Canada or New
England. Does L. M. imply that Montcalm was
a party to the fraud ? for, since the letters were
published between 1757 and 1759, that is, during
the last two years of Montcalm's life, he must
have heard of them and of their being attributed
to him. HENRY F. PONSONBY.
HERON OR HERNE (4 th S. viii. 517; ix. 45.)
At any rate J. P. will agree with me in thinking
that if heron is to be pronounced Herne it would
be impossible to read rhythmically Sir Walter
Scott's finest poem, Marmion. Who would recog-
nise
" Sir Hugh the Heron bold,
Baron of Twizell and of Ford,
And Captain of the Hold ; "
or his wife, " the lovely lady Heron," when styled
Hcrne ? The few heronries remaining in England
would, I should say, be still called so, not hernries.
JOHN PICKFORD, M.A.
Hungate Street, Pickering.
GYBBON SPILSBFRY (4 th S. viii. 528; ix. 4G.)
Mr. Spilsbury obtained three patents for improve-
ments in the manufacture of paints and pigments
the first in conjunction with M. F. C. D. Corbaux
and A. S. Byrne, dated October 7, 1839, No. 8234 ;
the second in his own name alone, dated Nov. 2,
1848, No. 12,314; and the third as joint pa-
tentee with F. W. Emerson, dated September 12,
1855, No. 2063. As all the patents have expired
the inventions are public property. Printed
copies of the specifications can be inspected, free
of charge, in the public library at this office ; or
they can be purchased in the sale department at a
cost of sixpence for the first specification, and four-
pence each for the second arid third.
B. WOODCROFT.
Patent Office.
CAGOTS (" Notices to Correspondents," 4 th S.
viii. 522.) If H. E. A. S. will write to me at
Hardwick Vicarage, Hay, South Wales, I may
perhaps be able to give him some information on
this curious subject. T. W. WEBB.
JANE CHRISTIAN : A MANX EVE (4 th S. viii.
23.) I have recently come across a few more par-
ticulars respecting this lady. The Manx Sun, in
the early part of June, 1871, reports the inquest
which was held upon the body of " Elijah Chris-
tian, the woman of the wilderness." Jane Chris-
tian had occupied with her two sisters Laburnum
Cottage, Douglass, for seven or eight years. It
appears there have been two " Elijah Christians,"
Jane being Elijah the second, she having taken
the name, and in a measure continued the pursuits
of an elder sister. The elder sister, whose death
took place some time before, had for many years
assumed the name of " Elijah," and published a
religious periodical, which was headed with vari-
ous titles, and was in its way quite a curiosity.
Latterly she and the deceased (Jane) had been
their own compositors. Upon the death of the
first " Elijah " Jane took the name, and continued
the publication of the periodical at uncertain in-
tervals, but not with the same spirit and success.
It appears that it was the first " Elijah " who set
up the new " Garden of Eden " with the man
named Garrett, at the foot of SnaiTell.
THOS. RATCLIFFE.
CHRISTENING BIT : THE BAIRN'S PIECE (4 th S.
viii. 506; ix. 47.) The custom of presenting a
bit of shortbread, or other kind of cake, to the first
person who meets a child on its way to the church
for baptism, is still kept up in Fife and in other
parts of Scotland. Formerly it was universally
observed, and young folks, knowing when a child
was to be taken to church, sometimes laid them-
selves in the way to obtain the piece. In conse-
quence, however, of the practice of private bap-
tism becoming prevalent in the beginning of the
present century the custom gradually became
rarer; but since the publication of II. A.'s notice
I have met with more than one individual who
130
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[4'h S. IX. FKU. 10, 72.
have recently had '-'the bairn's piece" presented
to them. Whatever may have been the origin of
the custom, though, perhaps, like the bread dis-
tributed in pre-reformation times, at funerals and
obits, it may have been to obtain the prayers of
the recipient for the well-being of the child. Be
this as it may, the custom tended to beget a kindly
interest in the child, and is certainly preferable to
the cold isolation which is too much the tendency
of modern life. It was customary also (and per-
haps still is so) to pin a bit of shortbread on the
child's frock before being taken to church, and to
remain during the ceremony. This piece was
eagerly coveted by young maidens as a dreaming
piece, certain to ensure happy dreams of their
lovers. A. L.
WILLIAM BALIOL (4 th S. vii., viii., passim,- ix.
17.) In reply to J. 11. S. I would say, 1st, that
the date 1325 is assigned to the charter granted
by Sir John of Graham to the monks of Melrose,
by Mr. W.Fraser of Edinburgh, who reported on
the Montrose charters. The grauter and witnesses
being persons of note, it is easy to approximate to
a date in such a case. 2nd. In 1368 l( Thomas i
de Balliol/' who appears to have been the brother '
or brother-in-law of Thomas, Earl of Mar, re- ;
signed into the hands of his overlord, William, ;
Earl of Douglas, all his right or title to various !
lands forming part of the barony of Cavers (Lib. \
de Metros, p. 43G). According to George Crau-
furd, this Thomas was the grandson of the Cham-
berlain and Isabel de Chilham, and having no
issue, this branch ended with him. The informa- i
tion given by J. E. S. from the Public Record ;
Office is conclusive on the point that the chamber-
lain had a brother William alive in 1292. But !
the word "clericus" attached to his name is
equally conclusive evidence that he was a church- j
man, and therefore was a different person from
the knight who witnessed the Melrose charter. '
Therefore, if the elder William be the person
buried at Canterbury, it is clear that he could
leave no legitimate descendants, and this perhaps ;
may account for the change of surname by the
latter to Scot. These remarks are not made in
any disparaging spirit to my esteemed fellow con-
tributor, but follow as a natural inference from
the curious information he has brought out.
AXGLO-SCOTUS.
" AILEEN AROON " (4 th S. viii. 548.) If MR.
CLIFFORD bestows a leisure hour on the Indices
so providently appended to " N. & Q.," he will be
well coached in the history and music of this
Elizabethan ballad; in the "transfer (circa 1757) |
of its name and metre to " Robin Adair "; and in ]
my endeavour (1810) to reinstate its old Irish
melody. He will note likewise the common con- !
sequence of imitations in the drunken doggrel !
which " welcomed Johnny Adair to Puckstown : " !
i but the Kilruddery trash which he will meet in
j the next page, being composed in a different
i measure, has no kindred with the Puckstown
! poetics. There is a curious similarity between
i the Irish " Aileen Aroon " and the Scottish
i " Lochinvar : " to which of the twain belongs the
i pre-andquity, I leave with the Jonathan Old-
bucks of either nation.
EDMUND LENTHALL SWIFTE.
OLD BIGS (4 th S. viii. passim; ix. 84.) In
Mr. Tinibs's very auiu<ing and entertaining work,
A Century of Anecdote, are given many good
stories of Lord Eldon and other remarkable men
from 1760 to I860. As the following anecdote of
Lord Eldon is so short, perhaps I may be excused
for giving it, especially as it is as true of book-
borrowers now as it was in his lordship's time :
' Lord Eldoa lent two large volumes of precedents to a
friend, and could not recollect to whom. In allusion to
such borrowers he observed, that ' though backward in
accounting, the}' seemed to be practised in book-heepmq.' 1 "
R. W. II. NASH, B.A.
AUSTRIAN POLISH Wonux WEARING WIGS
(4 th S. ix.. 56.) The disease which causes the
Polish women to wear wigs is the " Plica Polo-
nica," a disease of the hair peculiar to Poland,
but sometimes found elsewhere. A short account
will be found in Chanibers's Cyclopeedia.*
GWERO.
[* M. D. writes " See Copland's Diet, of Practical
Medicine, s. r. ' Hair,' for a description of the di
and its bibliography; " and HERMIT, communicating di-
rect with Mit. BANKES, says " When I was travelling in
Poland I observed that a great many Jewish women had
their heads shaved and wore wigs. Upon inquiry I was
told that when girls belonging to the orthodox Jewish
persuasion (in contradistinction to the reformed Jews)
get married, they have their heads shaved and wear wigs
ever afterwards. Whether this h.-is any bearing v
your query I leave to you to decide."]
XOTES OX BOOKS, ETC.
Lord Byron : a Biograplty. With a Critical Flssay on liis
Place, hi Literature by Karl Elze. Translated with th?
Author's Sanction, and Edited with Notes. With //
Portrait and Facsimile. (Murray.)
The name of the author of this new biography of Byron
must be familiar to many of our readers, not onlv from his
" Critical Edition of Hamlet," but from the fact that ht-
has been selected as editor of the " Year-Book of the Ger-
man Shakespeare Society " ; while among his own coun-
trymen he is distinguished for his deep and extensive
acquaintance with the language and literature of England.
Our author, though an ardent admirer of the genius and
character of Byron, is by no means a blind worship-
per of the idol" which he has set up. But if he does
not unfairly extenuate the failings of his hero, he vindi-
4- h S. IX. Fiiii. 10/72.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
131
catea him nobly and fearlessly from the foul calumnies
which the last two or three years have seen heaped upon
his memory. Karl Elze does not claim to bring forward
new facts or to have obtained new materials, but he has
nsed wisely and judiciously the vast amount of materials
illustrative of Byron, which were open to him as to all
the world ; and the skilful and artistic use which he
has made of them gives a charm to the narrative which
is clear, compact, and well arranged. Not the least in-
teresting part of the book to many readers will be the
last two chapters, in which the author treats of Byron's
"Characteristics" and his "Place in Literature," re-
kiag which the translator remarks very justly in
the former " he has endeavoured to seize and fix the
rich and varied traits of his character in an analysis as
elaborate as it is perhaps unsparing; and in his last
chapter he seeks to assign to Byron the place which is
lus due, not merely in tho literature of England, but in
the literature of Europe." It will be seen from this that
the book is one which all the admirers of Byron must
read.
The Secret of Long Life. (El. S. King & Co.)
A pleasant, rambling, but not very closely connected
ossny, dedicated to Lord St. Leonards as "one of the fore-
of the Illustrious Brotherhood who possess the
Secret of Long Life." The author writes an infinite deal of
: hing, in language which is ofttimes new and strange;
.so that his secret, like the recipe for the elixir vita;, is
not very clearly expressed. It is but, as the reviewer
<f a novel says at the winding up, "for this we must
:ir readers to the book itself."
The Hilton/ of Leicester in the Eighteenth Century. By
James Thompson. (Leicester : Crossley & Clarke.
London : Hamilton.)
Mr. Thompson is favourably known as the writer of a
v/ork that traced the history of Leicester from its earliest
times to the } r ear 1700. The pivsent volume is therefore
a continuation, and in its compilation the town records
and the file of the Leicester Journal, which commenced
^*s issue in 1753, have been laid under willing contribu-
tion.
Thua/didis I. Wit!-. Collation of the. tico Cambridge MSS.
'(', Aldins and Juntine Editions. By Richard
Shilleto, M.A., Fellow of Peterhovne, Cambridge. (Cam-
bridge: Deighton; London: Bell & Daldy.)
The thanks of all classical ivadors are due to Mr.
to for having given them this first instalment of his
ion of Thucydides, and we can only hope that the
learned editor's life and health may be spared to enable
him to complete a work that gives promise of being able
to hold its own with the various other editions that have
preceded it in the present century. A promised excursus
<n a passage in chanter two is deferred for the present,
: nt ?.Ir. Shilleto, while confessing that " the longer one
lives and reads the more one is conscious of one's igno-
rance, and shrinks from dogmatism," still expresses a
belief that he will be able to defend the text.
Guide Book to the Marine Aquarium of the Crystal
Palace Aquarium Company. By W. A. Lloyd, Super-
intendent of the Aquarium.
If, as we cannot doubt, the Marine Aquarium is des-
tined to form one of the great attractions of the Crystal
Palace during the coming season, the interest felt "in it
v/ill be greatly promoted by this little handbook, in
which Mr. Lloyd, who has probably greater knowledge
and more experience in such matters than any other
man, plays the part of guide, philosopher, and friend to
those who desire to turn to good account their visit to
this instructive exhibition.
Jean Jarousseau, the Pastor of the Desert. By Eugene
Pelletan. Translated from the French by Lieut.-Col.
E. P. De Hoste. (II. S. King & Co.)
There will be few readers of this little tale who, while
they share the admiration of it which induced Colonel
De Hoste to translate it, will not thank the translator for
introducing them to this charming specimen of Eugene
Pelletan's tender grace, humour, and high-toned morality.
Longevity : The Life of Thomas Geeran. (Moon,
Brighton.)
For reasons, which our readers will understand, we
confine ourselves to acknowledging the receipt of this
pamphlet, and protesting against the republicat.ion as
truths of statements which have been proved to be
utterly without foundation.
BOOKS RECEIVED. We hare on our table a number
of small books to which we desire to call the attention of
our readers, though we can scarcely do more than tran-
scribe their titles. Foremost among these is Poetry for
Children by Charles and, Mary Lamb, of which Pickerine:
has just issued an edition under the superintendence of
Mr. Richard Herne Shepherd. Are we better than our
Fathers? (Parker). The four lectures lately delivered
bv Canon Gregory in St. Paul's with so much effect.
Thoughts, Philosophical and Medical, selected from the
Works of I' rands Bacon, with an Essay on his Health
and Medical Writings, by John Dowson, M.D. (Lewis).
Songs by Lord Byron (Virtue & Co.) Paradise trans-
planted and restored a fac-simile reprint of an account
of a curious exhibition in Shoe Lane in 16C1 ; and The
Angler's Garland and Fisher's Delight for 1871, with
some cuts by Bewick, both published "by Bickers.
Brinhiey's Astronomy, revised and partly re-written, with
additional Chapters, by William Stubbs, D.D., and Francis
Brunow, Ph. D., Astronomer Royal of Ireland (Hodges &
Co., Dublin). A Complete Course of Problems in Practical
Plane Geometry, by J. W. Pallister (Simpkin Mar-
shall). Bygones reldting to Wales and the Border Coun-
ties (Caxton Works, Oawestry). The Popular Science
lieview, edited by Henry Lawson, M.D., iYo. 42. (Harcl-
wicke), containing, inter alia, a paper on " Psychic Force
and Psychic Media," by Mr. Earwaker. Dramatic
Almanac for 1872, by J. W. Anson, containing a curious
medley of useful and out-of-the-way information con-
nected with theatres and actors old and new.
DEATH OF SIK THOMAS PHILLIPI-S, BART. It is
with deep regret that we have to announce the death, on
Tuesday last (the 6th) at Thirlstane House, Cheltenham,
of SIR "THOMAS PHILLTITS, Bart., of Middle Hill, Wor-
cestershire. This accomplished gentleman, one of the
oldest Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries, enjoyed an
European reputation for the extent and value of his col-
lection of MSS., to which he was perpetually making
large and valuable additions. He had for many 3 7 ears a.
Erivate printing press at Middle Hill, from which there
as issued a large number of heraldic, historical, and
antiquarian books. Sir Thomas, who was educated at
Rugby, and afterwards at University College, Oxford,
was in his 80th year.
DEATH OF YORK HERALD. The College of Arms has
lost one of its oldest members, Thomas William King,
Esq., F.S.A., York Herald. All who, like ourselves, have
experienced the courtesy and readiness with which Mr.
King placed his curious stores of information at the ser-
vice of his literary friends, will share the regret with
which we announce his death. Mr. King, whose health
had long been failing, died on the 4th, in the seventy-
second year of his age.
MESSRS. LONGMAN & Co. have in the press Traditions
and Customs of Cathedrals, by Mackenzie E. C. Walcott,
132
NOTES AND QUERIES.
S. IX. FEB. 10,72.
B.D., containing an historical sketch of their changes at
the Reformation ; their ravages during the Rebellion and
the Georgian era; ecclesiastical "Uses," customs past
and present, anecdotic legends, &c.
" CHAUCER'S tomb in Westminster Abbey, which was
put up to his memorv by Nicholas Brigham in 1556, has
been carefully examined lately by Mr. M. H. Bloxam.
He is positive that the tomb is'neither of Chaucer's date,
1400, nor Brigham's, but is late fifteenth-century work,
say about 1480. Mr. Bloxam suggests that Brigham
bo'ught the tomb from among ' alle the goodly stone-
worke ' in ' Powles Church,' that was plucked down in
1552, or from the Grey Friar's Church, Newgate Street,
in September, 1547, when all its ' grett stones and
anteres ' were ' pullyd up.' Mr. Bloxham has no doubt
that the tomb 'is a second-hand monument.'" Athe-
nceum, Jan. 20, 1872. On reference to our l l S. ii. 142,
there will be found the following, extracted from the
Athenaeum of that period : "One of the objections for-
merly urged against taking steps to restore the perishing
memorial of the Father of English poetry in Poet's Corner
was, that it was not really his tomb, but a monument
erected to do honour to his memory a century and a half
after his death. An examination, however, of the tomb
itself by competent authorities has proved this objection
to be unfounded, inasmuch as there can exist no doubt,
we hear, from the difference of workmanship, material,
&c., that the altar tomb is the original tomb of Geoffrey
Chaucer, and that instead of Nicholas Brigham having
erected an entirely new monument, he only added to
that which then existed the overhanging canopy, c.
So that the sympathy of Chaucer's admirers is now in-
vited to the restoration of what till now was really not
known to exist the original tomb of the Poet as well as
to the additions made to it by the affectionate remem-
brance of Nicholas Brigham."
BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES
WANTED TO PURCHASE.
Particulars of Price, &c.. of the following books to be sent direct to
the gentlemen by whom they are required, whose names aiid addresses
are given for that purpose :
JUNIUS' LETTERS, Edited by Heron. 2nd Edition. 2 Vols. 8vo. 1801.
THB LIFE OF PHCEBE HAS.SELL,. With Portrait. 8vo.
MEMOIRS OF J. T. SERRES THK PAINTER. 8vo. 1826.
Wanted by William J. Thorns, E*r/., 40, St. George's Square,
Belgrave Road, S.W.
SHAKESPEARE in Three Volumes, large 8vo. Illustrated by Kenny
Meadows, published about 1815.
CATTERMOLE'S HISTORY OF THK GREAT CIVIL WAR.
The Battle of the Boyne." A Large Engraving from the Painting by
West.
Wanted by Rev. John Pick ford, .V.A., Hungate Street, Pickering,
Yorkshire.
DIBDIN'S DECAMERON. 3 Vols.
TOUR. 3 Vols.
BEWICK'S BIRDS. 2 Vols.
SHAW'S STAFFORDSHIRE. 2 Vols.
COLLINSON'S SOMERSET. 3 Vols.
ASHMOLK'S BERKSHIRE. 3 Vols.
Wanted by Mr. Thomas Beet, Bookseller, 15, Conduit Street,
Bond Street, London, \V.
to
T. R Yes. Next week.
H. A. K. The case of 103 is doubtless that of Mrs.
Strike, communicated by Sir G. C. Lewis to "N. <fc Q." 3 rd
S. i. 282 ; the other is that of Lieutenant Lahrbush, for
which see our last volume, p. 367.
We find an increasing disposition among our Correspond-
ents to deluge UK with corrections of errors and sup-
posed errors in recently published books and periodicals,
"N. & Q." was never intended to act as the Censor of its
contemporaries ; and, after a happy and successful exist-
ence of two-and-twenty years, sees no reason to alter its
course.
H. R. 77* letter is printed in The Memoirs of the
Last Two Years of the Reign of King Charles I., ly Sir
Thomas Herbert, edit, 1813, p. 217.
SPAL. We have a letter for this Correspondent. Where
shall we send it ?
H. Charles Seymour, eleventh Duke of Somerset, suc-
ceeded his brother in 1678, and died in 1748, having en-
joyed the title just seventy years.
Miss MACLAGAX (Edinburgh.} The lines on "The
Succession of the Kings of England " are by John Co/I ins,
and will be found in his Scripscrapologia ; or, Collins's
Doggrel Dish of all Sorts, 1804, and are printed in
" N. & Q." 1" S. xi. 450.
S. S. (Hyde Park.) The portion of the work relating to
Cambridgeshire is taken from England Illustrated, or, a
Compendium of the Topography, &c.. of England and
Wales, in two vols. Land. 17 CA, 4to.
N. The Olney Hymns, in Three Booh*, tccre first pub-
lished ittl2mo. Lond. 1779. The contributions by Coicper
were indicated by a C. prefixed to t/ie title of the hymn.
The two noticed by our correspondent have the initial C.
0. II. (Arts' Club.) The quotation is from the Rev.
- George Crabb, The Borough, Letter A".
AN OLD COLLECTOR (Glasgow.) Communications will
be most welcome to J, W . F. of Brighton.
tlte phrase, "He's a brick," a iolh/ good fellow, consult
liar saying, " The tune the old cow died of" that is, the
music is insufferably bad, see " N. & Q." 2 llli S. i. 375, 500 ;
ii. 39, 157.
"TiiE THKEE TAILORS OF TOOLEY STREET." It has-
been suggested by a Correspondent that these worthies first
figured in a leading article, nearly forty years ago, in the
John Bull newspaper and that in the. merry days of Wil-
liam Upcott it was a standing joke.
T. VV. D. A Short Account of the Early Manufacture
of Gunpowder in Enaland, by Win. Henry Hart, was.
published by W. H. Etkins, 47, Lombard Street, in 1855.
The promised documents, we believe, have not been printed.
H. FISHWICK. The first edition (1541, fol.) of the
Latin Bible edited by John Benedict or Benoit, is fully
described by Mr. Pettigrew, Bibliotheca Sussexiana, vol. i.
part 2, p. 404. John Benedict was born in 1483 at Ver-
neuil in France. He was a Doctor in T/ieology, and rector
of St. Innocent's at Paris, where he died In 1573. His
Bible has been several times printed, and all the editions
have been inserted in the Index Libror. Expurg.
TOM STEWART (Newcastle). The Wellington statue
weighed nearly sixty tons, and was removed from Wyatfs-
studio to its present position by twenty-nine powerful dray
horses belonging to Messrs. Coding's brewery.
T. Q. C. The Atalanta Fugiens, 1618, 4to, of Michael
Maier, is the most rare and curious of his works. This
celebrated German alchymist (6orn 1568, died 1622)
sacrificed his health, fortune, and time to those ruinous
absurdities.
ERRATUM. 4> S. ix. p. 58, col. ii. line 23, for
" Library " read " Literary."
NOTICE.
We beg leave to state that we decline to return communication*
which, for any reason, we do not print; and to this rule we can make no
exception.
All communications should be addressed to the Editor at the Office,
43, Wellington Street, W.C.
To all communications should be affixed the name an -I address of
the sender, not necessarily for publication, but as a u'"'-i"antee of ^ood
4th S . IX. FEB. 17, 72.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
133
LONDON, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 17, 1872.
CONTENTS. NO 210.
NOTES : Journeys from the South of Ireland to England
and Back in 1778, 1784, 1791, 1794, 133 Miscellaneous
Folk Lore, 13-i Polyeuctes and Lords Gleugall and
Thynne, 135 Nelson's celebrated Signal Round Church
Towers in Norfolk and Suffolk " Hereditary Hangmen "
Mrs. Bovey jjind the Meetings of the Three Choirs, 136.
QUERIES : Anne Boleyn's Book of Devotions, 137 " Are
you there with your Bears? " Berkeley or Barkley
Holy Bible, 1691 Black Rain Booth Family Deriva-
tion of Countries, &c. The Erl King Frescoes at
Fetcluvn Park, Leatherhead Scott Hamilton Heraldic
Charles Leigh Thomas M owbray Myfanwy Non-
such Palace Norman Poetry, Mysteries, &c. Notices
affixed to Church Doors Pictures Quotations ;Ru-
bens' *' Susannah and the Elders " Russell Family Arms
Saulies: Gumpheoa Men "The Com play nt of Scot-
land " (15i9, A.D.) Time Immemorial Visitation of Lon-
don, 1633-4 Washington, 137.
REPLIES : - Verrio, the Painter, 140 Charles Sandoe
Gilbert, 141-Damian, Ib. " The Mistletoe Bough," 142
Origin of Tichborne, Ib. Milton's Use of the Superlative,
143 Italian Etymological Dictionary "Nam nihil est
gernmis" Gibson Family Burnsiana Scottish Iron
Money Knarr: Wryde W ickhams of Abingdon
Seven Dials A propos de, Bottes " First in Talents,"
&c. Henry Inch Death's Head Buttons The Seven
Towns of Holland Dr. Win. Strode Les pretres de-
portes Cooksty: Throckmorton, &c. Brayded : Braydes
Invasion of Switzerland by the English Help = Pre-
vent Piontowski, Buonaparte's faithful Polish Adherent
Baron Bunsen Lettice Knollys Hobbedehoy Henri
Deux Ware, &c., 141.
Notes on Books, &c.
JOURNEYS FROM THE SOUTH OF IRELAND TO
ENGLAND AND BACK IN 1778, 1784, 1791, 1794.
The little MS. journal from which the follow-
ing particulars are taken I lately found amongst
a trunk full of old family papers that were en-
trusted to my care. The remarks are interesting
as well from the description given of the different
places the writer passed through, and the occa-
sional notice of the inns he put up at ; as from his
account of certain objects and persons he met
with, From a list of the London distillers, &c.,
at the time, which are written in the commence-
ment of the book, and from the fact that Mr.
Bonwell subsequently became a banker in Cork,
we may infer that those trips were made with a
Tiew to establish a connection in England. The
Bonwells resided at Curryglass, in the county of
Waterford, where their property was situated.
Merino, from whence he set sail May 20, 1791, is
a beautiful demesne, now the residence of Mr.
French, on the north side of the river Lee, be-
tween Cork and Queenstown. The Irish part of
the first j ourney is missing. ' ^g^l b R; C -
Cork.
" Tuesday morning, Sept. 15, 1778, left St. Clare^ at
half-past sfx, and came post to Carmarthen, ten miles
from thence to Llandilo, being fifteen miles of the finest
country I ever saw ; one seat particularly, belonging to
Colonel Price, splendid beyond description. Oh ! how
my dear wife would enjoy this neighbourhood, as we got
nuts on every hedge as we went the road, and when we
stopped at the inn we got more than we wished to load
the chaise with for twopence. At half-past one arrived
at Llandovery, thirteen miles farther on, where the houses
are all covered with a gritty stone instead of slates ; the
good woman of the house was brewing she lets her
keeve stand four and half hours, mashes very thick, boils
her worths but an hour and a quarter, cools in brass pans,
and barms in the keeve, so that her drink can never be
bvicked. From thence we came to Trecastle, nine miles
further on towards Bristol, and dined. Plenty of black
game, as well as grouse, on the adjacent mountains.
Next stage we made was Brecon, where we stayed all
night ; ' tis an old town, but a very fine river runs through
it. A few miles at this side is a large oak-grove, every
tree as tall and straight as a full-grown fir. Sep. 16,
breakfasted at Abergavenny, where a loaf of bread was
brought to table four feet and a half in circumference,
and ten inches deep from the upper to the lower crust,
deliciously sweet and well baked. Next stage Reglen, a
very poor place. Next a very pretty little place called
Chepstow, sixteen miles from our last stage. We dined
there ; 'tis a very pleasant little seaport, a part of the
Severn passing under its bridge, which is covered with
straight planks, with one pier in the centre, tho' very
wide. Three miles from thence is the ferry, called ' Old
Passage '; where we took boat and crossed the Severn to
the ferry-house, near a league over. Observe, we were in
England when we passed the wooden bridge, and a d d
rotten old affair it appears to be. From the ferry-house to
Bristol is twelve miles, where we arrived at one in the
morning, and stay'd there till Saturday at 12 o'cl., and
then went forward towards Bath. At half after two came
to Bath, village beyond description fine. Sunday, Sep. 20,
left Bath, at 9 A.M. breakfasted at Devises ; thence to
Marlborough, Hungerford, Newberr}-, Reading, and Maid-
enhead, where we spent that night. Sep. 21. at 5'30,
left Maidenhead, next stage Hounslow, Hyde Park Cor-
ner at 10, and from thence to the Swan with Two Necks,
Lud-lane, where we arrived at 9 o'clock. Sep. 22, re-
moved from the Swan to No. 8, Caples Court, and dined
with Mr. Jeffryes. 24, 25, and 26, confined by an erup-
tion on my face and hands. Sep. 27, dined at Richmond.
28th took physic, and wrote a long letter to my wife.
From Sep. 28 to Oct. 4, chiefly spent in walking and
inspecting every thing I thought necessary or curious.
Oct. 4, left London at 10 A.M. for Holyhead,' in company
with Mr. Godet ; passed through several small towns,
but of little note ; slept at Northampton, a very large
and handsome place ; from thence to Markctarborrow,
where a tree grows against the wall called Pericanthus
(sic). Further on, we breakfasted at Leicester, a most
excellent house, J. P. Allamajid keeps it, 'tis called Three
Cranes Inn. We dined at Derby at the George, most
notorious extortioners ; from thence we came to Mat-
lock and slept, a most romantic place and very pleasant ;
there is a bath, rather cold, tho' called a hot bath ; every
thing very reasonable Lovet's House. Next we canie
to Tiswell^ a b g d place, and took post to Buxton and
dined. A very hot bath here and good inns ; we set up
at the ' Hall,' in Avhich the bath is kept ; slept at Max-
field. Wednesday 7th, came through Knntsford. Northwick,
and thence to Chester, where we -breakfasted about . . .
having rode thirty-six miles this morning, from thence to
St. Asaph thirty miles, where we slept. Tuesday, Oct. 8, *
arrived at night at Holyhead, sixty-six miles from the
place we slept. 9th, at 12, set sail in the Qaremount
packet, Captain Taylor ; at 3 we cleared the head, and
arrived at the Hlll^f Howth, the entrance of the har-
bour, at 12 at night; at one in the morning anchored
inside the harbour, where we staid till 9, then took boat
and arrived at Apins (?) Quay. 10th, arrived in Dublin,
and stopped at Sheridan's Hotel, Fowns Street.
134
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[4> S. IX. FEB. 17, '72.
Thursday, Dec. 9, 1784, left Curryglass House, and
took the following articles with me to Dublin : 13 shirts
and 12 stocks ; 1 pair of silk breeches, and waistcoat ;
1 red and 2 diaper nightcaps ; 2 cambric and 6 laun
handkerchiefs ; 3 white, and 2 pair of black silk stock-
ings ; 4 pair of thread do. ; 4 pair of yarn do. ; 2 pair of
gauze do. ; 3 pair of nankeen breeches ; 3 white waist-
coats ; 1 pair drawers ; 1 beaver hood. Slept at Clonmel,
met Cfcsar Calclough and a Mr. Devereux there, and
supped together. About four or five miles from Cappo-
quin, on the right-hand side of the road, in a lonely part
of the mountains, but a tolerable improvement in itself,
lives a Colonel Blakeney, who admits no woman under
his roof, tho' a man of very good constitution and a great
sportsman. 10th, left Clonmel about half past nine, and
breakfasted at the nine mile house, a most rascally place,
and the worst of things. Callan seems to be a smart
place ; between it and Kilkenny, Lord Desart's on the
left, a noble house and elegant improvements; on the
right is Counsellor Fred k Flood's, by no means so respec-
table in its appearance. Lord Desart is a man about forty
years old ; never will marr}', for reasons best known to
himself. Slept at the ' Sheaf,' a very large and good inn,
and helped by very genteel people ; about three miles on
there is a very fine improvement, Mr. Cuff lives there.
At the Royal Oak there is a tolerable inn. Between
Leighlin Bridge and Castle Dermot, on the right-hand
side, lives Sir Chas. Burton of Pollards-town, next him
Burton of Burton Hall, and on the opposite side of the
road is Painstown, the seat of Mr. Cooke ; remarkably
fine sheep-walks near the road belonging to those gentle-
men. Castle Dermot seems to be a wretched hole, but
one tolerable inn ; here you pass by a noble improvement
of the Earl of Alborough, called Bailin. Sam 1 Yates
lived at Timolin where I slept at the ' Globe,' kept by
Haly no great things. Dec. 11, left Timolin at 6 A.M.,
and arrived at Naas at 8-35. I could make no remark
on the country, as I was shut up in my chair and not even
daylight to see. Left N?as at 11 A"M., and arrived in
Dublin at 2 same day.
" Set sail for England on Friday, May 20, 1791, at
9 A.M. from Marino, opposite Passage (Cork), on board
the Sally of Mary Port, Cap 1 Asbridge, in company with
Mr. West ray, Mr. Courtney, my daughter, and her maid
Johanna Walsh ; arrived at Swansey on Saturday even-
ing, and slept at Lake's, the Macworth Arms, a very
spacious inn and well kept. A great pottery and very
extensive copper works up the river Tawy, and vast coal
mines, particularly Bary Smith's colliery, who lives near
and has a very beautiful demesne. At Aberthaw may be
had a limestone, nearly of the same quality of Tarras
when burned. Our first stage, called Neath, you would
mistake for inland did you not see ships in the fields near
the shabby old bridge, partly covered with planks and
paved over. Sir Harbert Mackworth lives in a spacious
house on a fine wooded hill commanding the town ; he
has a bank at Swansey, and another at Neath God
knows, he may as well have one in Ballypooreen. Next
stage, Pyle, met nothing remarkable; Cowbridge, eleven
miles on, a neat inland town a large and elegant kitchen
and clean house at the Bear. Cardiff, Lord Cardiff's
castle, a large fortified Gothic building, greatly spoken of
in Wales, tho' no great beauty. A remarkably fine steeple
of Gothic construction. Four miles to the left from Cardiff
to Newport is a very spacious improvement and house,
belonging to Sir Christopher Tent of London ; the house
has 365 windows. Mr. Morgan has another house at Luke-
peny, and a most superb improvement near Newport ; at
least one thousand brace of deer near the road, they are
quite familiar even as sheep. The water is hard at New-
port ; to wash clothes in summer they burn ferns, make
balls of the ashes, about the size of a hand-ball, wetted
with water; and when they use them to soften the
water, they calcine them and put about twelve or thir-
teen in a large tub of boiling water, which softens it and
saves a great deal of soap. We slept here; the tide
rises thirty-six feet perpendicular, and over a nasty muddy
river there is an old rotten wooden bridge, shocking to look
at and dangerous to pass over ; the boards on all laid loose,
and no covering on the whole, 'tis a nasty old town.
Eleven miles from last stage is Newferry ; the Severn is
here three miles over ; you then come to the feny-house.
Company at Bath : Lord Westmeath, old but smart ;
Duke of "Newcastle ; Lord Hoath and Lady, and old but
strong ; Lord Charlemont, bending down ; Lady Spencer,
a smart one, and mother to Lady Duncannon ; Dutches*
of Devonshire ; Lord and Lady Duncannon ; Bishop of
Lincoln and his wife Mrs. Prettyman ; Bishop of Norwich.
Left Cork for Dublin and London, Nov. 21, 1794; went
by way of Limerick. Sailed for England Dec. 6, 1794 ;
got to London 9 A.M. Dec. 10, 1794. Lay that night at
the Swan in Lad Lane. Dec. 11, came to lodge at 35 ?
Norfolk Street, Strand, at Mr. Smith's ; at night went
to Drury Lane Theatre. 12th, all day executing my
friend's commissions. 13th, waited on Mr. Bainbridge ;
at night went to Covent Garden Theatre. Sunday 14th,
dined at Mr. May's, Baker Street, Portman Square. 15th,
waited all the morning for Mr. Peacock ; between that
and dinner, went to the Admiralty a most amazing fog
all the afternoon. 16th, wrote to Dr. Willis, Tenterden
Street, Hanover Square, to fix an hour to consult respect-
ing my wife's illness ; last night, or rather early this
morning, dreamed of high tempestuous seas, &c. 17th,
for my wife waited on Dr. Willis, gave him five guineas ;
he recommended electricity, plentiful diet, and cocoa in
lieu of tea and coffee ; for her eyes gentle flashes of elec-
tricity from a wooden point towards the eye ; powdered
gum 'guiacum by way of physic ; left a card at Lord
Donoughmore's. 19th, got a 'note from Lord Donough-
more saying that he would breakfast with me tomorrow ;
bought Mrs. Croker's chain for 12/. ; dined at a chop-
house in the Strand. A hard frost this day, the ice a full
inch thick. 22nd, a thaw ; dined at Cotters, New Ex-
change. 23rd, waited on Sam. Smith, Sons, & Co., Lom-
bard Street, and, finally, fixed a correspondence ; dined
at the Golden Cross, Charing Cross, with B. Dobel and
J. Woodley ; took seat in the coach for Chester, to leave
London at four tomorrow evening. 24th, left London,
and went in a coach from the Golden Cross, Charing X,
in company with Capt. Godfrey ; came through Coven-
try, Birmingham, &c. ; arrived at Chester at 6 P.M. on
Friday 26th, where we slept till 12 ; at one went into
the mail coach, and arrived at Holyhead 6 on Saturday
evening the 27th, where we slept that night. Sunday
28th, breakfasted and dined at the Head ; the wind quite
fair at E, yet the packet waits for Lord Milton, secretary
to Lord Fitzwilliam, who is expected in a few days to
sail for Ireland as Lord-Lieutenant, in the room of Lord
Harcourt. 29th, Monday morning at 2 set sail in the
Clermont, Capt. Taylor, and arrived at 11 in Dublin 30th,
and dined with Mr. Shaw. 31st, at 10-30 P.M., went
into the mail coach, and arrived in Cork on Friday morn-
ing Jan. 2, 1795, and that day opened the bank."
MISCELLANEOUS FOLKLORE.
DEVON FOLK LORE : MICE. If these creatures
run over a bed at night, they portend death. 1
was lately visiting a dying woman in a Devon
almshouse, who spoke in great fear of the many
mice with which her room abounded ; and (added
s. IX. FEB. 17, 72.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
135
the simple soul) " I prays God at a night when
I hears 'em running- about to keep 'em down."
PELAGIUS.
FOLK LORE : DORSETSHIRE CUSTOM. It is cus-
tomary in Dorsetshire for the boys to go "about
at Shrovetide with potsherds to throw at people's
doors. These are tolerated, but they are not
allowed to throw stones. As they call at the
various houses, they sing this doggrel :
" I'm come a shroveing,
For a piece of pancake,
Or a piece of bacon,
Or a little truckle cheese,
Of your own making.
Give me some, or give me none,
Or else your door shall have a stone."
F. C. H.
FOLK LORE : BABIES (4 th S. ix. 53.) Old
ladies mothers of families say that if babies
have strength to live seven days they will most
likely live seven weeks, and if they live over seven
weeks, they will live seven months ; and unless
something particularly bad happens to them, they
w^ll reach the age of seven years, providing the
seven months are safely got over. My grand-
mother, who brought up eleven children out of
twelve, never would allow her babies to go out
of her personal care until they were fourteen
(twice seven) months old till they had " stiffened
in their limbs," as she said. It is an old belief in
Derbyshire, that if a child cries loudly at its birth,
and lifts up an open hand, it is bom to command;
but if it " clutches " with its thumb tucked in,
it will be of a cringing, slavish disposition, and
probably will be very unhealthy all its life.
THOMAS RATCLIFFE.
IRISH FOLK LORE : ST. PATRICK AND COUNTY
KERRY. It is said that, in consequence of the
great wickedness of the people of Kerry, St.
Patrick could not enter the county to bless it,
but stood upon a hill overlooking that part of the
country, and said, " I bless county Kerry in the
distance." To tell this story to a Kerry ite is well
calculated to disturb his equanimity. I have learnt
this piece of lore from an Irishman not born in
Kerry, and have often tried its marvellous effects
upon the unblessed but withal good-natured people
from Kerry. J. JEREMIAH.
SIGNS OF SUMMER. A few days ago, in Berk-
shire, I saw a bat flying at midday, and was told
that "A bat at noon shows an early summer."
And to-day, January 19, I heard the smallest
uncrested willow- wren, or chiffchaff, utter its two
sharp notes a bird which Gilbert White men-
tioned as usually first heard about March 20.
MAKROCHEIR.
FOLK LORE: LORD FELL, THE KING or THE
FAIRIES. At Scarborough a woman has lately
been charged with obtaining money under false
pretences from a fellow-servant by professing to
3ure her of an illness produced by a hostile spell,
by her interest with " Lord Fell, the King of the
Fairies," with whom the prisoner had great in-
terest. Can anyone give a history of this mountain
lord ? is he the Brown Man of the Muirs ? (Notes
to Lady of the Lake.} W. G.
SAINT VALENTINE'S DAY CUSTOMS. The cus-
toms which I endeavour to describe below have,
I believe, pretty nearly died out. They were
common enough fifty or sixty years ago in Derby-
shire. Burns, in his Tarn Glen, mentions the
first of them.
Valentine Dealing. Each young woman in the
house would procure several slips of paper, and
write upon them the names of the young men
they knew, or those they had a preference for.
The slips when ready were then put into a boot
or a shoe (a man's), or else into a handy hat, and
then shaken up. Then each lassie put in her
hand and drew a slip, which she read and retained
until everyone had drawn. The slips were then
put back, and the drawing done over again. This
was done three times. If a girl drew the same
slip thrice, she was sure to be married in a short
time, and to a person of the same name as that
which was written upon the thrice-drawn slip.
Looking through the Keyhole. In the early morn
of Saint Valentine, young women would look
through the keyhole of the house door. If they
saw only a single object or person, they certainly
would go alone all that year. If they saw two
or more objects or persons, they would be sure to
have a sweetheart, and that right soon ; but if
fortune so favoured them that by chance they saw
a cock and a hen, they might be quite certain of
being married before the year was out.
Siveeping the Girls was another real old Derby-
shire custom. If a girl did not have a kiss, or if
her sweetheart did not come to see her early on
this morning, it was because she was dusty ; and
therefore it was needful that she should be well
swept with a broom, and then equally well kissed
by the young men of the house, and those living
near, who used to go round to their intimate
friends' houses to perform this custom.
THOS. RATCLIPFE.
POLYEUCTES AND LORDS GLENGALL AND
THYNNE.
Many years ago I was bound by train for
Brighton, and having nothing to read on my
journey, I went into a bookseller's shop in King
William Street (City) and bought a 12mo volume
of an edition of Demosthenes, then in course of
publication at Leipsic, by Tauchnitz. In the first
few miles I read the 41st Oration, npby Swovtiiav
virep irpoti<6s, of which this is the hypothesis :
136
XOTES AND QUERIES.
S. IX. FEB. 17, 72.
Polyeuctes, an Athenian, had two daughters.
The younger he first betrothed to Leocrates; and
afterwards, upon some difference with him, to
Speudias. The elder he gave to the plaintiff in
the cause. Polyeuctes died, and left his property
to his daughters, share and share alike. The
plaintiff pleads that Polyeuctes had promised him
forty minae as dowry, but that he had only re-
ceived thirty; that Polyeuctes in his lifetime
acknowledged the debt, and when near death
separated a house from, the rest of his property
and gave it in release. Leocrates claimed this
house as part of the property to be divided. And
this is the main issue. Besides this, the plaintiff
charges Speudias with unlawfully keeping back
from the common property certain indebted moneys
of Polyeuctes and the elder daughter. Speudias
pleading in answer that he also had only received
thirty minfe, the plaintiff replies : 1st. That, if
so, if was within the lawful power of Polyeuctes
to give a larger dowry to one daughter than to
the other. 2nd. That Speudias asserts a falsehood :
the truth being that he (Speudias) had received
thirty minss in current coin, but the ten in
clothes and jewels worth more than ten minse.
When I had read to the end, a gentleman
opposite to me, who had been reading The Times,
handed it to me, saying : " Have you read this
extraordinary suit between Lord 'Glengall and
Lord Edward Thynne?" I had not seen it,
thanked him, and began to read. To my amaze-
ment I found the case, incident for incident, iden-
tical with that pleaded in the Athenian court two
thousand years before. Of course there were
some trifling points of difference, and the amount
in dispute was immeasurably larger, but the iden-
tity almost exact ; and the coincidence between my
accidental purchase and the publication in Lon-
don I think so remarkable as to be worthy of
record in " N. & Q." HERBERT RANDOLPH.
Ringmore.
NELSON'S CELEBRATED SIGNAL. I have often
heard my brother-in-law Sir Provo William
Parry Wallis, " Vice-Admiral of the United
Kingdom," who was second lieutenant on board
the " Shannon " in her famous action, and took
the ship into Halifax when the captain was dis-
abled and the first lieutenant killed, condemn the
misquotation of Nelson's celebrated signal. In
order to place upon the pages of <( N. & Q." a
record with authority of the true form, I have
obtained his written statement. It' is as follows :
" With' respect to Nelson's signal off Trafalgar, his
flag lieutenant (the late Captain Pasco) told me the
words were, England expects every man to do his
duty,' not ' will do ' ; but, strange to say, the Admiralty
perpetuate the error by having the latter words inscribed
upon a shield which f have seen."
HERBERT RANDOLPH.
ROUND CHURCH TOWERS IN NORFOLK AND
SUFFOLK. Can any readers of " N. & Q." give
me some information respecting the round towers
which belong to some of the smaller of the old
churches in this part of England ? In an old copy
of JBlomefield's Norfolk now before me I find
among the copious notes of a most careful com-
mentator the following (apropos to Letheringset
church), " Round towers denote a river at hand."
This remark, however, does not, I find, invariably
hold good. Some of the towers to which I refer
are round for the most part, but octagonal in the
upper portion, as, for example, in the church of
Gisleham, Suffolk. F. J. N. IND.
Bayfield Hall, Norfolk.
" HEREDITARY HANGMEN."
" Menenius. When you speak best unto the purpose,
it is not worth the wagging of your beards ; and your
beards deserve not so honourable a grave as to stuff a
botcher's cushion, or to be entombed in an ass's pack-
saddle. Yet you must be saying, Marcius is proud ; who,
in a cheap estimation, is worth all your predecessors
since Deucalion, though peradventure" some of the best
of 'em were hereditar\ r hangmen." Coriolanus, Act I.
So. 1.
Shakespeare here speaks of hereditary hang-
men, and in the manor of Stoneley, in his native
county of Warwick, there were anciently four
bondmen, whereof each held one messuage and
one quartron of land, by the service of making the
gallows and hanging the thieves. Each of which
bondmen was to wear a red clout betwixt his
shoulders, upon his upper garment; to plow, reap,
make the lord's malt, and do other servile work."
Reg. de Stoneley Monast. Blount iii.
Coke says, in his Commentary on the 117th sec-
tion of Littleton's Tenures :
" The worst tenure that I have read of, of this kind,
(socage) is to hold lauds to be ultor sceleratorum
demnatorum, ut altos suspendio, altos membrorum detrun-
catione, vel aliis modisjuxtaquantitatemperpetrati sceleris
puniat, (that is) to be a hangman or executioner. It
seemeth in ancient times such officers were not volunta-
ries; nor for lucre to be hired, unless they were beund
thereunto by tenure." Co. Litt. 86 a.
W. L. RUSHTON.
MRS. BOVEY AND THE MEETINGS OF THE
THREE CHOIRS. The Rev. Peter Senhouse's
sermon on The Use of Music?*, preached at Glou-
cester in 1728, is dedicated "to Mrs. Popa," with
an acknowledgment of "how much is owing" in
respect to the meetings of the Three Choirs
" To the wisdom and goodness of your late excellent
friend, and our kind and memorable patroness Mrs. Bovey.
who laid the foundation of the good work, and, during
her life, liberally contributed to the support of it."
It appears to have escaped the notice of the
Rev. D. Lysons, that this munificent lady was
the actual founder of the " Meetings of the Three
Choirs." Her name does not even occur in his
account of that institution.
EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
4* S. IX. FEB. 17, 72.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
137
ANNE BOLEYN'S BOOK OF DEVOTIONS.
Does any reader of " N. & Q." know what has
become of the little volume described in the fol-
lowing extract from the notes to George Wyat's
Life of Anne Boleyn (London, 1817, privately
printed) ?
" To every one of these (her ladies) she (Anne Boleyn)
gave a little book of devotions neatly written on vellum,
and bound in covers of solid gold enamelled, with a ring
to each cover to hang it at their girdles, for their con-
stant use and meditation.
" One of these little volumes, traditionally said to have
been given by the Queen when on the scaffold to her
attendant, one of the Wyat family, and preserved by
them throiuvh several generations, is described by Vertue
as being seen by him in the possession of Mr. Wyat of
Charterhouse Square in 1721. See Walpole's Miscel-
laneous Antiquities, printed at Strawberry Hill, 1772,
No. n. p. 13.
" This small volume, bound in gold richly chased,
1| in. long by 1J broad, is now in the editor's possession :
its contents are a metrical version of 13 psalms, or parts
of psalms, of which the following specimen may not be
unacceptable :
' Lord holde tin' hand
yn thy great rage
Stryke me not after
my desert
Nor yn thy wrathe
lay to my charge
The faults founde
yn my synfull hert.
' Haue mercy lorde
vppon the weake
My bodie feeble
and lowe brought
I tremble as
my bones would breake
When thy stroke cumeth
yn my thought.'
" The volume consists of 104 leaves of vellum, on each
of which is one verse divided into eight lines : a blank
of one leaf is between each psalm."
It appears from a note to S. W. Singer's edi-
tion of Cavendish's Life of Wolsey, 1825 (ii. 206),
that in 1817 the little gold-bound volume was in
the possession of Mr. Triphook, who was there-
fore presumably the editor of the privately printed
Life of Anne Boleyn. He was wrong, however,
in thinking that his little book was the one seen
by Vertue and described by Horace Walpole;
for this, which now belongs to the Earl of Rom-
ney, has never been out of the Wyatt and Mar-
sham families, and differs in many details from
the one above described.
Mr. Triphook's little book, though not the
volume traditionally said to have been given by
Anne Bolevn on the scaffold to the Wyat lady,
may in all probability have been presented by
her to another of her attendants.
It would be very interesting, if it could be
found, to compare it with the Wyat book in Lord
Romney's possession. R. MAESHAM.
5, Chesterfield Street, Mayfair.
[Consult a note on Anne Boleyn's little " Book of De-
votions" in Miss Strickland's Lives of the Queens of
England, edit. 1854, ii. 698. ED.]
" ARE YOU THERE WITH YOUR BEARS ? "
What is the origin of this proverbial question ?
W. P. P.
BERKELEY OR BARZLEY. I was once (when
travelling in the Cotswold) shown some very good
MS. poems, written by a person of the "above
name, and who was said to be a valet or upper
servant in the family of a Gloucestershire clergy-
man. Is anything known of the author, and are
any of his productions in print ? Perhaps some
one resident in the " bright city " can answer my
query. VIATOR (1.)
HOLY BIBLE, 1691. In my note book, under
the year 1691, 24mo ; I find a Bible named as by
"Parker, London/' Can you or your readers
give me any information respecting it ? I suspect
it to be a misprint for " Barker," or else to refer
to one of the numerous Bibles printed by the
Oxford University press, "at the Theater" for
Peter Parker, Guy, Ann Leake, and others.
W. J. LOFTIE.
[The only Bible of 1691 to be found in Lea Wilson's
List or the Catalogues of the British Museum is the one
with the following imprint : " Printed at the Theater in
Oxford, and are to be sold by Thomas Guy, at the Oxford
Arms in Lombard-street, near Popes-head-alley, London,
1691." It is famf-'d for a mistranslation in Acts vi. 3,
" Whom ye may appoint."]
BLACK RAIN. Some time in the past autumn
a shower of black rain .fell in the Midland Coun-
ties. I did not witness it myself, but several of
the other members of a field club informed me
that they undoubtedly did. Strange as it may
appear, none of them took any steps to ascertain
its nature. Trusting to- some others having been
more alive to the interests of science than these
gentlemen, I beg through your pages to ask for
information concerning this singular phenomenon,
which cannot but prove interesting to every
reader. T. P. F.
BOOTH FAMILY. About 1670 or 1680 the an-
cestor of the present Sir Montague Cholmley, of
Euston, married Elizabeth, daughter of Richard
Booth, alderman of London said to be descended
from a cadet branch of the family of Booth, Earls
of Warrington. I should be glad of any clue to
the ancestors or descendants of the said Richard
Booth, or any other information about him.
E. F. D. C.
DERIVATIONS OF COUNTRIES, ETC. 1. Wanted,
any book, article, or any thing printed whatsoever,
where I can find the derivations of the principal
countries of Europe and their provinces.
138
NOTES AND QUERIES.
IX . FEB. 17, 72.
2. Can you tell me the title of tlie best history
of the Vaudois ?
3. Where do the following lines occur, and
what is the word left blank ?
" Henry VIII. pulled down .... and cells : Henry IX
shall pull" down Bishops and bells."
W. A. B. COOLIDGE.
THE ERL KING. In a translation of Gothe's bal-
lad by the late Kev. F. W. Robertson, of Brighton,
he renders it, both in the title and throughout his
version, as the "Elfin King." In our German
dictionaries there is no such word as Erl. Hilpert
has
" Erlkonig, F.rhnkonig, a fabulous being in the ancient
German mythology and popular superstitions, the erl-
Idng."
But this gives us no information as to his mytho-
logical character and position. Gothe makes him
anything but the King of the Fairies, which seems
to have been Mr. Robertson's impression. His
position in the ballad is rather as the minister or
herald of death. Can any of our many German
friends enlighten me ? W. M. T.
FEESCOES AT FETCHAM PAKE, LEATHERHEAD.
At Fetcham, near Leatherhead in Surrey, is a large
mansion belonging to Mr. G. B. Hankey, called
Fetcham Park. According to Manningham and
Bray the houswas partly built by one of the
Vincent family, of whom it was purchased by
Arthur Moore, a commissioner of trade and plan-
tations, and a director of the South Sea Company
in the reign of Queen Anne. This gentleman
enlarged and planted the park about the year
1718, and probably added to the house at the
same time, as there are indications that altera-
tions have been made to the existing structure.
The walls and ceiling of the hall and the ceiling
of the principal room on the upper floor are painted
in fresco with mythological subjects, very fairly
executed, apparently by a foreign artist, some of
the figures being evidently portraits. Is anything
known as to the authorship of these works ? I
have consulted all the likely authorities, but can
find no information concerning them.
JOHN HEBB.
SCOTT HAMILTON is author of Garibaldi, a
drama, 1864 (Belfast : Jas. Johnston, 24, High
Street, printer). In the title-page Mr. S. Hamil-
ton is said to be author of Almourah, Sacred
Dramas, &c. What are the titles of the sacred
dramas, and when were they published ? Is Mr.
S. Hamilton a resident in Belfast ? R. INGLIS.
HERALDIC. Can any of your readers inform
me to whom these arms belong ?
On an oval shield parted per fesse or and azure,
1st three roses in azure; 2ndly, three roses in
or, two in chief, one in base (the roses have four
leaflets only).
These arms occur in a picture in my possession
by Bonifazio Veneziano, born 1491, died 1553.
The picture is an allegorical one, representing
numerous figures on their way to the Temple of
Fame. The picture is divided into three circles
with three separate entrances. The arms are
placed in the centre of the architrave, which rests
on marble columns forming the first entrance, and
is surmounted by a golden statue of the poetical
deity Fame.
I suspect they are the arms of some Venetian
ecclesiastic. ft Escutcheons, particularly of Italian
ecclesiastics, are generally oval." (See Pornv's
Heraldry.} H. M. D.
CHARLES LEIGH, author of The Natural His-
tory of Lancashire and Cheshire, was educated at
Oxford, where he took a degree in 1683. He
was elected a member of the Royal Society in
1685, and is supposed to have died about 1701.
He is said to have practised as a surgeon or a
physician in London. I am anxious to know
when and where he died. H. FISHWICK.
Carr Hill, Rochdale.
THOMAS MOWBRAY. Can any of^ your corre-
spondents inform me where I could see a portrait
of the notorious Thomas Mowbray, Duke of Nor-
folk, who died 1399? Any sort of portrait I
should be glad to have access to, but one about
the size and style of those in Strutt's Reyal Anti-
quities, would best suit my purpose. It' is stated
by Planche, in his British Costume, that Thomas
Mowbray wore by right of his descent from
Edward I. or by favour of Richard II. the
three plumes known now as Prince of Wales's
plumes. Is he anywhere so represented in a pic-
ture ? Do any portraits exist of his father John
Lord Mowbray, or of his mother Elizabeth
Segrave, the daughter of Margaret Plantagenet,
Duchess of Norfolk ? T. E. S.
[Xo such portrait is in the British Museum, or in the
Sutherland Collection at Oxford ; nor is there any men-
tion of one in the catalogues printed of in manuscript.]
MYFANWY. What is the origin of the Welsh
name Myfanwy ? MAKROCHEIR.
NONSUCH PALACE. We are told in history that
Henry VIII. frequently lived at a place called
Nonsuch Palace. I shall be much obliged if any
of your readers will tell me where Nonsuch Palace
was situated, and why it was so called ? M. A.
[Nonsuch Palace was in the neighboui'hood of Cheam
and Ewell in Surrey. Of the origin of the name Leland,
as Camden informs us, thus sings :
"Hanc quia non habent similem, laudare Britanni
Ssepe solent, NULLI^MC PAREM cognomine dicunt."
(This, because it has no equal, Britons are accustomed to
praise, and call by name the Matchless, or Nonsuch.)
The works were not completed at the death of Henrv
VIII. in January, 1547. Queen Mary granted this pala-
tial building to Henry Fitz-Alan, Earl of Arundel ; but it
was purchased back by Queen Elizabeth from his son-in-
4> S. IX. FEE. 17, 72.]
NOTES AND QUEEIES.
139
law, Lord Lumley. It was subsequently settled respec-
tively on Anne of Denmark and Henrietta Maria , and
during the Commonwealth was divided between Gen.
Lambert and Col. Pride, the latter of whom died here in
1658. It was finally granted to Lady Castlemaine
(Duchess of Cleveland), who pulled it down, sold the
materials, and divided the park into farms. For further
particulars of this famed palace, consult JBrayley's Sur-
r.'y, iv. 406 ; Gentleman's Magazine for August, 1837,
p. 135 ; and Murray's Handbook of Surrey, &c., ed. 1865,
p. 69.]
NORMAN POETRY, MYSTERIES, ETC. In the
Gent. Mag. (June?), 1836, there is an article on
Early Norman and French Poetry, Mysteries, &c.,
with translation of part of an old mystery j and
in the Gent. Mag., July, 1837 (being 1 No. 5 of
11 Retrospective Review 5? ) there is another essay on
Miracle Plays of the fifteenth century. Can any
of your readers inform rne who wrote these
essays ? R. INGLIS.
NOTICES AFFIXED TO CHURCH DOORS. I shall
be glad of any information as to the old custom
of affixing notices to the church doors, relating to
the parish or neighbourhood, but having no refer-
ence to matters ecclesiastical. I do not, of course,
refer to notices that were ordered to be placed
there by various Acts of Parliament. The follow-
ing notice as to lost property I discovered, some
years ago, amongst a lot of rubbish in a chest
under the tower of the parish church of Luccombe,
Somerset. The document is about twelve inches
by two, and tolerably legible :
" If there bee any one that can give newes of Thirteene
weather sheep which Strayed out of the forest of Ex-
moore the neare Eare an Evill and a Square having
upon and the farther Eare Stubd upon The signs is
Black Strate over the mouthe and a black pat over each
Shoulder if any can give any notice of them then leet
them bring them unto William Thomas of Exfoord and
hee shall bee well paid for his labor."
On the reverse is written, as well as I can make
out:
" The Clarke (?) to putt this upon the Church Doore,
November 1635."*
The word " evill," which is most plainly written,
puzzled me not a little ; but I find, on reference
to Ilalliwell's Dictionary : "EviL. A fork, as a
hay-fork, &c., West." J. CHAREL Cox.
Hazelwood, Belper.
PICTURES. What are the sizes, and where are
the following pictures? 1. "Death on the Pale
Horse," and " The Death of Nelson," so familiar
by engravings, by West. 2. A young man in the
water in sight of his parents, and the same young
man restored to life, by R. Smirke, engraved by
R. Pollard. 3. By whose orders was the Orleans
collection sold in 1795, and how was it allowed
to leave Paris ? DON.
[* For church-door proclamations see " X. Q." 3 rd
S. xii. 285, 359. ED.]
QUOTATIONS. Can any of your readers inform
me where I can find, in Bishop Bentley's [Berke-
ley ?] Works, the following query ?
" Whether the prejudices in favour of gold and silver
be not strong ; nevertheless, whether they be not pre-
judices ? "
R. W.
" Even as the mists
Of the grey morn before the rising sun,
That pass away and perish."
" The man of resolute and unchanging will ;
Whom, nor the plaudits of a servile crowd,
Nor the vile joys of tainting luxury,
Can, bribe to yield his elevated soul
To tyranny or falsehood, though they wield
With blood-red hand the sceptre of the world."
H. L,
" One day the sea with mountain billows roll'd,
What time His Majesty's good ship the Ocean
Was driving with accelerated motion ;
Yawing see-sawing by the tempest tost :
' To prayers, G d ye, for we all are lost ! '
Cry'd Bo'son, ' four feet water in the hold ! ' "
The next stanza is a description of the tars
falling on their knees ; and how one of them
prayed to the Virgin, and vowed to place before
her " a taper tall and straight as the mainmast,"
which being overheard by one beside him, he was
asked " Where will ye get the taper, Jack ? "
who naively replied :
" D'ye think the Queen of Heaven would condescend
To dun Jack Bo'sprit for a candle's end ? "
Who is the author, and where is the poem to
be found ? PAX.
Whence the phrase " History repeats itself? "
W. T. M.
" In the mid silence of the voiceless night,
When chased by airy dreams the slumbers flee,
W^hom in the darkness doth my spirit seek,
OGod, butthee!"
ALPHA.
Whence comes the following ? It is quoted in
Mr. H. K. Digby's Lover's Seat, ii. 283 :
" She hath no scorn of common things,
And though she seem of other birth,
Round us her heart entwines and clings,
And patiently she folds her wings
To tread the humble paths of earth."
CORNUB.
RUBENS' " SUSANNAH AND THE ELDERS." Is
it known where this masterpiece of Peter Paul
Rubens is now preserved ? or if not now known
to exist, where was it last seen ? G. G.
RUSSELL FAMILY ARMS. Information respect-
ing the family and the arms of Armelah Russell
of Dunswater, Herefordshire, an heiress of con-
siderable property in that county, is particularly
asked for. She married in 1769 or 1770 Samuel
Collet, Esq., of Worcester, and died 1772. He
140
NOTES AND QUERIES.
S. IX. I KB. 17, 72.
afterwards married a Lady Gresley. Any infor-
mation respecting this gentleman would oblige
E. B. CURTEIS.
SATJLIES: GUMPHEON MEX. In reference to
Enjrlish funeral ceremonies, I met the other _day
with two words which puzzled me, viz. " Saulies '
and " Gumpheon men." Can you inform me
what these terms imply ? H. G. ADAMS.
" THE COMPLAYN T OF SCOTLAND " (1549, A.D.)
Four copies of this interesting book are known to
have come down to modern times. Harley's two
are in the British Museum (C. 24 a, and Gren-
ville 5438). George Paton's copy is in the
Library of the Faculty of Advocates in Edinburgh;
but where is the fourth ? At George Chalmers's
sale in Nov. 1842, it (No. 127) was bought by
Rodd for 51. os., and went to Mr. Bright, at whose
sale it was again bought by Rodd for 4 Can |
any " N. & Q." reader tell me where it is ? I ask
for our E. E. T. Society editor, Mr. James A. H. j
Murray, whose re-edition of the book for us is
promised in April, and is indeed nearly ready
now. F. J. FURNIVALL.
TIME IMMEMORIAL. I noticed a statement in
print the other day that "time immemorial" re-
ferred back to the reign of Eichard I. Can any
one give me the authority for such a statement ?
J. S. UDAL.
VISITATION OF LONDON, 1G33-4. I am pre-
paring for publication by the Harleian Society j
the Heraldic Visitation of London made in the |
years 1633 and 1634. I should feel much obliged |
for information as to the present representatives
of families whose pedigrees were entered in that
Visitation. J. J. HOWARD.
Dartmouth Row, Blackheath.
WASHINGTON. Had the family from _ which
sprung the great American, -George Washington,
any 'connection with Kent ? W. A. S. R.
[Not according to the Washington pedigree printed in
the New England Historical and Genealogical Register,
1852, vi. 384. The first recorded ancestor of the Ame-
rican Washingtons was John Washington of tVhitefield
in Lancashire.]
VERRIO, THE PAINTER.
(4 th S. ix. 6.)
For ample biographical and artistic details of
this foreigner, who, in the dearth of native talent,
reaped so rich a harvest in this country, I beg to
refer DR. RAMAGE to the well-known works of
Domenici, Walpole, and Dr. Waagen; to the
Dictionary of Bryan, to the Hand-Book of P.
Cunningham, and to the Penny Magazine, xxvi.
272. In these works, which are probably better
known to DR. RAMAGE than myself, will be found
indications of the various castles, s ,'us, &c., de-
corated by this artist and his assiputnts, for his
English patrons, and where still, as in the days of
Pope if you feel in the mood, ami have leave
and permission duly granted
" On painted ceilings you devoutly st,,
Where sprawl the sa'ints of Verrio an<! Laguerre."
Perhaps none of his works are bet ... known or
more esteemed than those executed for the Earl of
Exeter at Burghley House. Full particulars of
these will be found in a volume enti;K-d
"A, History or Description, General ain; Circumstan-
tial, of Burghley House, the Seat of the Ui-ht Honor-
able the Earl of Exeter. Shrewsbury, 1797." 8vo.
In this volume, reference should be especially
made to sect. xi. p. 97, " Of Sign- a- Verrio, and
some of his Works " ; and sect. xii. p. 105, "Fur-
ther Anecdotes of Verrio, and som thing of La
Guerre."
There is a later work :
"Guide to Burghley House, Xorthanr ionshire, the
Seat of the Marquis of Exeter, containing a Catalogue of
the Paintings, Antiquities, *to. Stamford, 1 ^ 16." 8vo.
But in this volume the curious particulars of the
two artists are greatly abridged.
Another patron of Verrio was Lord Lonsdale,
who employed him to decorate his seat, Lowther
Hall, Westmorland. To this nob! > man Tickell
addressed his " Oxford : a Poem," mal-. ;.ng allusion
to the artist in the following lines :
" Such arts as this adorn'd your Lowth< j r
Where feasting gods carouse upon the \
The nectar, which creating paint supp :
Intoxicates each pleas'd spectator',-
Who view amaz'd the figures, heav'nh
And think they Breathe the true L
With strokes s'o bold great Verrio's hand has drawn
The gods in dwellings brighter than their own."
But these no longer exist ; hall and paintings
having alike been destroyed by fire.
Much curious matter relating to Verrio will be
found in the work of W. B. Sarsfield Taylor, The
Origin, Progress, and Present Condition of the Fine
Arts in Great Britain and Ireland (Lond. Whit-
taker & Co.), 1841, 2 vols. 8vo. From this it
appears (i. 354) that for painting executed at
Windsor Castle, where it still exists (with another
job or two) he received in five years a bout 7000/. ;
for painting the inside of Wolsey's tomb-house at
Windsor he pocketed another 1000/. from James
II.; at Barghley he was engaged twelve years, at
loOO/. a-year ; he was employed by William III.
to decorate Hampton Court; and here, in 1707, a
pensioner upon Queen Anne, who allowed him out
of charity for the Neapolitan had spent his earn-
ing.? with more than regal munificence4p-200/. per
annum, he closed his career, thus missing the em-
ployment, which it seems had been intended for
him, of painting the battles of the Duke of Marl-
borough upon the walls of Blenheim.
WILLIAM BATES, B.A.
4'hS.IX. FEB. 17, '7-2. J
NOTES AND QUERIES.
141
CHARLES SANDOE GILBERT.
(4 th S. ix. 75.)
I am glad to be able to answer MR. BOASE'S
inquiry respecting' the latter part of the life of
Mr. C. S. Gilbert. It is rather a sad story,
and deserves, I think, a record in the pages of
" N. & Q." After Mr. Gilbert's failure in busi-
ness as a chemist and druggist at Plymouth Dock
(Devonport), occasioned chiefly, I believe, from
his having devoted too much of his time and at-
tention to his History of Cornwall, he removed to
London, and opened a shop in the same business
in the Strand. It was here Mr. Wallis saw him,
and it was here he was visited by an old associate
in his literary labours, Mr. H. P. Parker. At
the period at which Mr. Parker was connected
with Mr. Gilbert with respect to the History, the
former was but a youth. He made for Mr. Gil-
bert many of the drawings engraved for his work,
and has since become an artist of considerable
repute.* Mr. Parker says in a letter I had the
pleasure of receiving from him, relative to Mr.
Gilbert, a few years ago, that, on his visits to
London (he was then resident at Newcastle-upon-
Tyne) for his professional improvement, he re-
newed his personal communication with Mr. Gil-
bert, and had the opportunity of enjoying much
confidential conversation with him. He learned
that, irrespective of the time devoted by Mr. Gil-
bert to the work, the expenses of the publication,
of his History nearly doubled his estimate; but
that he regarded the completion of an undertak-
ing which he had had at heart from his youth, as
an equivalent for all the trials, and deprivations
which he had suffered in its accomplishment.
Mr. Gilbert's house in the Strand afforded,
from the back bedroom windows, a view over the
churchyard of the Savoy. Often, Mr. Parker says,
he would admire, when they were alone, the quiet
venerable church, which reminded them of similar
fabrics they had visited together in the villages
of Cornwall, and very often expressed a desire
that the graveyard of the Savoy might be his last
resting place. From being at first expressed as a
slight wish, the desire grew upon him, and at
length assumed the form of a request, and, on his
death, his remains were there interred accord-
ingly. Mr. Parker is still alive ; but I do not think
I shall be committing any breach of confidence if I
add the sequel in his own words :
^ It is with some degree of melancholy pleasure, and
with sincere and affectionate regard for every association
connected with his memory, that I purchased the adjoin-
ing piece of ground as a depository for my own remains ;
since which my eldest son, having died "in London, was
interred therein, close heside one so de* to my recollec-
tion. The gravestones of both may be seen at the pre-
* MR. BOASE may be glad to know that Mr. Parker
is a native of Devonport. See Worth's History of that
town, p. 79.
sent day ; and although time has swept away all Mr.
Gilbert's friends, to prevent as far as possible so eminent
and worth}' a man being lost in obscurity in so humble a
place of sepulture, when one head-stone requires refresh-
ing, I cheerfully bear the expense of doing the other
also, to perpetuate Mr. Gilbert's memory as well as that
of my poor son."
Mr. Gilbert left his shop in the Strand, and
removed to another in Newcastle Street (after-
wards occupied by Dr. Ptichards, who had been
one of his apprentices) ; and having retired to rest
on May 29, 1831, apparently in good health, was
found the next morning dead in his bed, as sup-
posed from apoplexy.
The inscription on the gravestone is
" In Memory
of
CHARLES S. GILBERT, ESQ.,
of Kenwyn, in Cornwall,
obiit Maii 30 th , 1831.
.Author of Gilbert's ' Historical Survey
of the County of Cornwall.' "
I have many more particulars relative to Mr.
Gilbert, which I may publish at a future time ;
but I have already too far trespassed upon the
courtesy of the very obliging Editor of " N. & Q."
JOHN MACLEAN.
Hammersmith.
A short account of the family of Mr. Gilbert
is given in the History of Cornwall (ii. 335-6),
published by Mr. Hotten .of Piccadilly. It is
there stated that "he is supposed to have died
somewhere in London." L. L. H.
DAMIAX.
(!* S, x. 165.)
In last October, on a broker's stall near the
Cathedral at Abbeville, I found a book which
enables me to answer a query of long standing.
The title-page, I think, is curious enough to be
given at length :
"Lu Yivu Mortu. Effetu di lu piccatu di la carni
causatu da lu vanu e bruttu amori di li Donni causa prin-
cipali d'ogni dannu. Storia Morali cumposta da D.
Antuninu Damianu, Carinesi, pri divirtimentu, e profittu
di li giuvinotti, ch' accumenzanu a pratticare stu fallaci
Munnu. In Palermu, 1736, 12., pp. 283."
" Na Rigina Elizabetta
Chi lassau Birtagna 'infetta
Di fitusi, e logdi esempii
D' azioni e fatti scempii,
Ch' allurdau curuna, e manta,
Come fama scrivi, e canta ;
Di sta donna la natura
Cussi data a la sciagura
Nun si leji la paraggia
Avia tanta fera raggia
A sfugari li soi fomiti
Cussi brutti, cussi 'ndomiti,
Ch'ardia peju d'una furia
Tutta focu di lussuria
Ca mbistia cu tutti genti,
Cu straneri, e cu parent!
142
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[4'i S. IX. VI.K. 17, 72.
E cu riobili, e cu gnobili
Ma cu amuri tantu mobili,
Tantu indignu, e tant' orribili,
Che vi pari, ch' e incredibili
Corau chista si sfugava,
Ca lu senzu saziava
Cu tirannicu verdeddu,
Noi facia crudu maceddu ;
Doppu tanti amati vezzi
Li facia tagghiari a pezzi
E abbruciari a luminaria.
Poi la cruda lupanaria
Tutti dd' ossa calcinati
Vulia misi, e situati
Cu disegnu ed urdinanza
Ntra la sua segreta stanza
Cu lu nnomu e lu cugnomu,
E la patria di dd' omu;
Cumpunenduci un scartafiu,
Un pulitica epitafio
Tuttu fintu, e addattata
A materia di statu,
Ch' alludia lu giusto sdegnu
A Ribelli di lu Regnu ;
E gaudia stu zimiteriu,
Stu crudili vituperiu,
Di li sporchi soi deliquii
Comu pezzi di reliquii." pp. 27, 28.
FlTZHOPKIXS.
Garrick Club.
"THE MISTLETOE BOUGH."
(4 th S. viii. 8, 116, 17,7, 195, 313, 554 j ix. 46.)
When I proposed the inquiry relative to the
original circumstances on which this ballad was
founded, it did not occur to me to quote the
words, as I might have done, in order to help in
clearing up the mysterious part of the story. As
it seems to me some reference to them may facili-
tate the arrival at a conclusion, I here select a
few verses from Haynes Bayly's once popular
composition, asking you to permit them to be here
reproduced :*
" The mistletoe hung in the castle hall,
The holly-branch shone on the old oak wall ;
And the baron's retainers were blithe and gav,
And keeping their Christmas holyday.
The baron beheld with a father's pride
His beautiful child, young Lovell's bride,
While she with her bright eves seem'd to be
The star of the goodly company.
Oh, the mistletoe bough !
Oh, the mistletoe bough !
' I'm weary of dancing now,' she cried,
Here tarry a moment I'll hide, I'll hide ;
And Lovell be sure thou'rt the first to trace
The clue to my secret lurking-place.'
Away she ran, and her friends began
Each tower to search, and each nook to scan ;
And young Lovell cried, ' Oh ! where dost thou hide ?
I'm lonesome without thee, my own dear bride ! '
" At length an oak chest that had long lain hid
Was found in the castle they rais'd the lid :
And a skeleton form lay mouldering there
In the bridal wreath of the lady fair !
Oh ! sad was her fate ! in sportive jest,
She hid from her lord in the old oak chest.
It closed with a spring, and her bridal bloom
Lay withering there in a living tomb.
Oh ! the mistletoe bough," c.
It will be seen, I think, from these lines that
the incidents from which the song-writer drew
the materials of his story did not happen in Italy,
where the mistletoe and the holly branch would
be unfamiliar objects in a ll baron's hall," but in
England, where the u baron's retainers " would
keep "their Christmas holiday." The supposi-
tion that the song had its origin in any legend
connected with an Italian castello may, therefore,,
be presumed to be improbable. Again : while it
may be supposed the " young Lovell " was an
invention of the poet, it is equally probable he
had in his eye the member of some English
family, concerning whom the tradition was written
or related. Hence I infer the ballad was derived
from some well-known family legend. The old
oak chest or coffer was in former times an article
of furniture in every mansion, and its inviting
readiness to be made a hiding-place may have
been the cause of more than one tragedy, in con-
sequence of the thoughtlessness of young people
in regard to the consequences of concealment in
it when the lid was allowed to close over its
temporary occupant. I can well believe that we
may say of this as of other old world tales,
"mutato nomine de tefabula narrator," and there-
fore do not doubt the truth of Miss Mitford's-
statement quoted by LORD LYTTELTON in regard to
Bramshill and Malsanger. In fact, since the query
was first inserted in <l N. & Q,," it has been stated
that at some date later than that in which the
story was laid in my note to the Editor, a similar
sad circumstance happened in a Leicestershire
house, the mansion of the Hartopps. But the
song speaks of the "baron's hall," and this would
apply to Exton, which, castellated in outline, wa>
the residence of Noel, Earl of Gainsborough, in
the reign of Queen Anne, where the scene was
enacted as described to me by one now no more,
between whom and the eye-witness there was
only one link of connection. I must admit, how-
ever, there are minor discrepancies between the
ballad and the tradition which militate against
my conjecture "of the burden of the song having
originated in the melancholy end of the Christ-
mas festivities at Exton. JAYTEE.
Leicester.
ORIGIN OF TICHBORXC.
(4 th S. ix. 69.)
There are two corrections which I wish to
make. Hughendon should have been Hughen-
den, according to current orthography. The vari-
ation seems trivial, but it makes an important
difference in the meaning. The termination don
4 th S. IX. FEB. 17, '72.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
143
would refer to the ridge on which Hughenden
manorhouse and church stand, while den refers to
the adjacent valley. It is frequently written dean,
as if intended to sound dane, which I think the
correct one. I hold den to be identical with dim
in the name of the river Jordan.
Next, I have found, in the course of research,
that it is not necessary to include any prefix in
order to account for the foreign letters in Strother.
The root-word is the Celtic roth, a variation of
loth, mud, rather signifying a mud-tract. To roth
the Northmen after their manner prefixed s, thus
making it sroth, which became corrupted into
stroth. Under this form, with the substitution of
d for th, we find it in Strood on the estuary of the
Medway, and in Stroud, Gloucestershire. Ad-
joining the latter is Rodborough, where rod =
roth. W. B. R. L.
I apprehend Tichborne is not from Hitch, but
from the river Itchin, near which is the estate.
Roger Tichborne is Roger de Itchinborne.
LYTTELTON.
42, Portland Place.
W. B. R. L. has some curious remarks in sup-
port of his explanation of Tichborne. He seems
to derive ditch from diggeth ; he mistakes a-noke,
atten oak = at ]>en (demonstrative accusative) =at
the for at an, and he actually writes "Trino-
bantes .... I analyse it into Trin-ob-hant, that
is, Treen-up-the-height, and so make it equivalent
to Epping (upping) Forest, ' treen ' being the old
plural of < tree.' " Fancy this fate for Trinobantes,
Caesar's form of the name of the British subjects
of Cassivellaunus ! Does W. B. R. L. really believe
that the Trinobantes, B.C. 54, were Englishmen
and talked English ? Why should English phi-
lology be so constantly made ridiculous ?
0. W. T.
MILTON'S USE OF THE SUPERLATIVE.
(4 th S. ix. 90.)
ME. CHANCE'S note does not appear to me clear.
Indeed he seems to have fallen into some degree
of confusion in all his remarks. . Milton did not
" adopt the simple speech of childhood," but the
ungrammatical Greek use of the superlative (see
Newton's note on Paradise Lost, iv. 323). Nireus
is said (II. ii. 673) to be the handsomest of the
other Grecians t>s KCAATTOS avrjp vnb *l\ioi> i'j\Qe
TU>V a\\fav &ava>v. Horace calls a freed woman
(Sat. i. 100) "fortissima Tyndaridarum," not that
she was one of the Tyndaridse, but braver than
they. Bentley says, " I'll not believe this distich
to be Milton's." He adds, that in strict construc-
tion it implies Adam to be one of his own sons, .
and Eve one of her own daughters. Probably,
had this greatest of English critics remembered
at the instant that it was classical Greek, he would
have spoken less plainly, but he is certainly right,
although he lets "the loveliest pair" off, not ob-
serving that it is equally faulty. In viii. 558
" Greatness of mind and nobleness their seat
Build in her loveliest."
" In her loveliest," says Bentley : " pray what r* or
is it in her being loveliest ? Either way equally
absurd." . . . . " This is a shameful misprint " ;
and he suggests " forehead," because Greek and
Latin poets place nobleness in the forehead. Here
he is over-critical and unpoetical ; for, though the
order is highly inverted, Milton is correct.
" Greatness of mind and nobleness build their love-
liest seat in her." It looks as if Bentley wrote his
notes on Milton in a hurry the evening before
taking a journey, sent them to press without cor-
rection, and found them published irrevocably
mankind, York is the most unfit. Byron's lines
are not ungrammatical ; they are untrue. A
palace and a prison might have been on each hand.
The fact was that a palace was on one hand and
a prison on the other. Had he said a palace or a
prison he would have saved the fact, but in a
confused way now he transgresses fact.
Lastly, MR. CHANCE seems to miss the point in
respect of which the girl of thirteen erred, and
that is why she refused to see her error. Had he
said "Your mamma is not one of her sisters-in-law,
and so cannot be the youngest of them," she would
have known at once that she was wrong. The
statement is against fact, not grammar; for it
would have been correct to have said " You are
the youngest of your family, mamma." Milton
did not err from simplicity, but from classicalisin ;
and, in the second instance when Bentley con-
demns, Milton is right. Shakespere is right:
Byron and the young lady are wrong as to fact,
not grammar; and MR. CHANCE is wrong alto-
gether. Never mind, he will find abundant errors
in his corrector if he will only wait long enough.
C. A. W,
Mayfair.
* apprehend this well-known passage of Milton
had nothing to do with children's language, and
assuredly it was not unconscious in any sense.
Milton's fondness for close imitation of the
classics, especially the Greeks, is well known ;.
and this case in question is a familiar Grecism. It
occurs in the first sentence of Thucydides, TTO\^^OV
a^ioXoyurarov TWV irpoyeyevn/ui.ei'&v, ill Homer (/'. 11^
673-4), Ntpei/y KaAAiOTos TUV &\\(av kavauv, and
elsewhere. LYTTELTON..
144
NOTES AND QUERIES.
IX. FEB. 17, 72.
ITALIAN ETYMOLOGICAL DICTIONARY (4 th S. viii. j of later 'date. John Gybson, "pictur maker,"
108.) Will you allow me to again ask if any of
your learnecf correspondents can recommend me
an Italian Etymological Dictionary ?
I feel sure that in England, where Italian is so |
much studied, and where you have such excellent !
translations of and commentaries on Dante, that I I
shall not seek for such a work in vain.
A FOREIGNER.
" NAM NIHIL EST GEMMIS " (4 th S._ix. 57.)
This line is not quoted quite correctly. It should
be
" Nam nihil est gemmis nihil est pretiosius auro,"
which is the ninth line of a poem by J. PasseA-
atius, addressed to E. Mernmius. It may be seen
at p. 196 of Johnson's Lives of the Poets, ed. Cun-
ningham, vol. i. Lond. 1854. ED. MARSHALL.
GIBSON' FAMILY (4 th S. ix. 55.) A younger
branch of the Gibsons, of Gunmore Park and
Myerscough House in Lancashire, settled in Cum-
berland about the middle of the seventeenth cen-
tury. In the early part of the present century
the representative of this family was Robert Gib-
son, Esq., whose eldest son was then of Gray's
Inn, who took the name of Atherley in addition
to ihat of his own family. They bore arms
Azure, three storks rising proper. This family
bears two crests A stork rising proper, in his beak
an olive branch, vert ; and a lion rampant grasping
a club.
There was also a Thomas Gibson, M.D., who
was born at High Knipe in the parish of Bamp-
ton. He gave the sum of two hundred pounds
to this parish church, whereby to procure an aug-
mentation by the governors of Queen Anne's
bounty, which was laid out in a purchase of lands
at Rossel- Bridge, in the parish of Kendal. Dr.
T. Gibson was fellow of the College of Physi-
cians, and physician-general in the army. 'He
was author of the book entitled Gibsons Ana-
tomy. He married (second wife) a daughter of
Richard Cromwell, son of Oliver. The celebrated
Dr. Edmund Gibson, Bishop of London, was of
the Cumberlandshire branch. In the year 1723
he was translated from the see of Lincoln to that
of London, and died in the year 1748. I may
also add, that he was a native of High Knipe, and
nephew to Dr. Thomas Gibson supra. The bishop
rebuilt at his own expense the vicarage-house at
Banipton, and also caused a monument to be
erected in the parish church here to the memory
of his father and mother, with this inscription :
" Memoriae Sacrum Edmundi et Janas Gibson, Charis-
simorum Parentum, Monumentum hoc posuit Edmundus
Episcopus Londinejasis, Anno Domini MDCCXHII."
In the charters relating to Elslack, co. York,
occurs the name " Wi&o Gibson de Lancaster,"
dated Dec. 17, 2 Henry Y. 1414. His name is
mentioned in other charters relating to this place
occurs in the registers of St. Dunstan's-in-the-
West, London, as early as 1605, 1607, and 1613.
Hugh Gibson" and Maria his wife occur in the
charters of Marrick Priory, co. York, temp.
Henry VI. W. WINTERS.
Waltham Abbey.
BIJRNSIANA (4 th S. vii. viii. passim; ix. 79.)
The question between the readings of pin and
mend, peen and turn, in the " Haggis" contro-
versy, must be finally determined by the MS. or
the authoritative editions of Burns himself. But
may a Southerner, historically connected by name
with Scotland, and personally by residence and
duty for a few years at Melrose, offer a contribu-
tion on one point in favour of the latter reading ?
First of all, is a skewer the invariable accom-
paniment of the " haggis "? If not, the argument
for pin is much weakened.
Next, is there such a thing as a pin in a mill
otherwise than as a loltf If not, there seems no
special reason for the introduction of a " mill "
more than any other machinery.
But above all, I always understood in Scotland
that the virtue of the " haggis " was, that, upon
the insertion of the knife at the summit, which
was always the preliminary ceremony by the
master of the feast, the force of the imprisoned
stearn should spurt the juice to the ceiling.
Taking all the circumstances the perspiring
tf amber," the accompanying terms of description,
and the humour of the poet does it not seem
probable that this bursting stream was the peen,
that might help to "turn" a mill, in his lively
and excited imagination ?
HERBERT RANDOLPH.
Ringmore.
The controversy about the meaning of pin in
the address "To 'a Haggis" seems to me much
ado about nothing. It means exactly what
MR. DRENNAN says, the wooden pin or skewer
used to secure the mouth of the haggis, and can
have no other meaning. Burns's expression
" Your pin wad help to mend a mill
In time o' need,"
is obviously a metaphorical allusion, suggesting
the quantity of wood contained in a pin of such,
dimensions. I do not think peen, in the Aber-
deenshire dialect, means juice j nor am I aware
that it is a Scotch word.
AN OLD SCOTCHWOMAN.
SCOTTISH IRON MONEY (4 th S. ix. 57.) I sus-
pect that ESPEDARE has misquoted the final clause
of the charter to which he refers, and that the
real words are " tres nummatas terrse " (not " ferri.")
A "nummata terrse" is supposed to have con-
tained an acre (vide Cowell, voce " Nummata "),
where he will find quoted a charter with these
words. A. J. K.
4> S. IX. FEB. 17, 72.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
145
KNARR: WRYDE (4 th S. ix. 56.) The words
Knarr and Wryde are apparently, in common with
several names in the same district, of Celtic ex-
traction, and would be derived and mean as fol-
lows : Knarr, from regnar, " a small expanse,"
the district so called having once been a fen lake.
Wryde, which is the name of an ancient drain,
means "the water course," from Qwy-rhid, "a
water drain." Gwyhirn, close by, is to be trans-
lated as " the river meadow," from " Gwy-hyrn ;"
and the " Wash," called Whittlesea Wash, at the
same place, is from the Celtic word Gwas, a low
place. . K. K.
Wisbeach.
In Coleridge's Gloss., index, knarr is rendered
tf rock ? Dan. knort, a knur or knob ; O.-N.
gnupe, mons, prominens." Wryde may be from
the Welsh rhyd, a course, ford.
R S. CHARNOCK.
Gray's Inn.
WICKHAMS OF ABINGDON (4 th S. viii. 548.)
The controversy respecting the relationship of the
families who bore this name, and resided at Ab-
ingdon and Swalcliffe, is examined in Nichols's
Collectanea. The will of Richard Wickham of
Swalcliffe, dated May 22, 1635, has
" I, Richard Wickham of Swalcliffe in the countie of
Oxon, Esq., aged eightie yeares and upwards, doe by these
presents testiae, publish, "and declare that William* Wick-
ham of Abingdon in the countie of Berks, sonne of John
Wickham of Rotherfield in the countie of Sussex, is my
kinsman in bloode, and descended from the house of
Wickhams of Swalcliffe."
This appeared in The Banbury Guardian as an
extract from the Collectanea on Dec. 28.
E. MARSHALL.
SEVEN DIALS (4 th S. viii. passim ; ix. 84.) In
1850 Mr. Albert Smith edited a monthly maga-
zine called The Town and Country Miscellany, in
which the writers (including myself) were ano-
nymous. I remember his speaking to me of the
article in that magazine " Some News of a famous
old Fellow" (pp. 118-121), and, if I remember
rightly, it proceeded from his pen. It is a descrip-
tion of the column and dial removed from St.
Giles's to Wey bridge Green,, and it is illustrated
with three woodcuts one of the column as it now
appears, and two of the stone on which the dials
were engraved or fixed. " The old poet, however,
was wrong when he spoke of its seven faces. It is
hexagonal in its shape ; this is accounted for by
the fact that two of the streets opened into one
angle." The three woodcuts referred to are the
only ones in the six numbers to which the issue
of the magazine was limited. Albert Sniith was
very fond of making such researches as are indi-
cated in the article on the " famous old Fellow."
CTJTHBERT BEDE.
[Did you see our Notice to Correspondents on the loth
of January respecting Blore's Rutland? ED.]
A PROPOS DE BOTTES (4 th S. ix. 72.) This
expression reminds one of a curious verse in Victor
Hugo's Contemplations, vol. ii. p. 94. Some friends
upbraiding him at that time already, as they do
justly now-a-days, for being a renegade and de-
serter of sound doctrines, the poet, nothing
daunted, retorted in six pages of Alexandrines,
that he cannot conceive such a reproach. Every
one, he says, is a deserter of something or other
here below at a given time ; thus '
" Qu'est-ce qu'un papillon ? Le de'serteur du ver.
Falstaffse range ? ill est 1'apostat des ribottes.
Mes pieds sont renegats quand ils quittent mes
bottes ! "
There's poetry for you. P. A. L.
The reference is to Consul Brown's Report on
the Trade of Genoa, not Geneva.
PHILIP S. KING'.
" FIRST IN TALENTS," ETC. (4 th S. ix. 70.)
The dedication here mentioned is evidently imi-
tated from that under portraits of George Wash-
ington, and also under a clock with a bronze
statue of him, I once saw in America " First in
in war, first in peace, first in the hearts of his
countrymen." P. A. L.
HENRY INCH (4 th S. ix. 75.) The information
required is given at pp. 13-29, vol. i. of Conolly's
History of the Royal Sappers and Miners, 1855.
J. W. F.
DEATH'S HEAD BUTTONS (4 th S. viii. 527 ; ix.
64.) I have often seen rings with a skull and
cross-bones, with the motto " Memento niori."
Pascal, quoting Epictetus, says u Ayez tons les
jours devant les yeux la mort et les maux qui
semblent les plus insupportables, et jamais vous
ne penserez rien de bas et ne desirerez rien avec
exces." People have always been fond of what
the French call " des armes parlantes." The cele-
brated Jacques Cuer had for his a heart with the
adage, " A vaillant cceur rien impossible."
THE SEVEN TOWNS OF HOLLAND (4 th S. ix.
77.) The following note may answer the inquiry
Of MR. IxATCLIFFE.
Lincolnshire is divided into the " parts of Lind-
sey, Kesteven, arid Holland." "Holland," or .
"The parts of Holland," is the smallest division
containing about 308,443 acres. Holland is again
divided into three Wapentakes, of which Sturbeck
Wapentake is one ; and in this W T apentake are
the towns or villages named East Holland Towns.
Holland, or Haut Huntre, Fen, contained
22,000 acres, of which some 7000 or 8000 were
allotted to the East Holland towns of Boston E.,
Skirbeck, Fishtoft, Frieston, Butterwick, Bening-
ton, Leverton, and Leak. J. N. POCKLJNGTON.
S. Michael's Rectory, Huline, Manchester.
146
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[4 th S. IX. FEB. 17,72.
DR. WM. STRODE (4 th S. ix. 77.) The epigram
given under this heading occurs also in the fourth
part of Miscellany Poems, Src., published by Mr.
Dryden, p. 131 (London, Tonson, 1716), and is
there entitled " Kisses, with an Addition." This
addition consists of three verses in excess of the
one here quoted (infra), the style of the original
being closely followed. The epigram reads thus :
" My love and I for kisses play'd ;
She wou'd hold stakes, I was content ;
But when I won, she wou'd be paid ;
With that, I ask'd her what she meant.
Nay then (says she) I see, I see, you wrangle in vain ;
Here, take your kiss, and give me mine again.''
J. PERRY.
LES PRKTRES DEPORTES (4 th S. ix. 76.) Your
correspondent should consult the
"Journal historique de 1'Emigration et Deportation du
Clerge de France en Angleterre, par 1'Abbe de Lubersac,
Vicaire-Ge'ne'ral de Narbonne. London, 1802, 8vo."
The book was published under the patronage
of George III., to whom it is dedicated.
C. ELLIOT BROWNE.
COOKSEY : THROCKMORTON, ETC. (4 th S. viii.
passim; ix. 60.) I quite agree with H. S. G.
that the Throckinorton coat " presents some dif-
ficulties," and I am fully prepared to wait sine die
for their solution. H. S. G. now explains that it
is not the coat with the three arrows 2 and 1, but
that with " a chevron between three bolts," which
was conveyed . from Bosom to Throckmorton,
through Olney; and I am further to understand,
in the meantime, that there are no arrows amongst
the quarterings in question "only birdbolts."
The word dictum referred to was not used by me
with reference to engravings but to the text,
where my inference seems fair enough.
Not only Hales, but Littlehailes and other
families bear arrows, but I am not quite sure
(even apart from the tinctures), that they are pre-
cisely similar to those of Archer of Tamworth.
This is another question.
In conclusion, I may be pardoned for having
raised what, after all, appears to have been a
reasonable doubt, for the original question still
remains in statu quo. I acknowledge the patience,
research, and ingenuity of H. S. G., and like him
all the better for having used his quarter-staff so
well. I am satisfied, until something should turn
up to blunt the arrows, or sharpen the birdbolts,
and so decide the question. Sr.
In the Visitation of Oxfordshire, 1574, and just
edited by my friend Mr. W. H. Turner for the
Harleian Society, I think H. S. G. and SP. will
find the blazonng of the arms of the Throckmorton
family, with their various quarterings, as dis-
played in their mansion-house at Chastleton in
Oxfordshire at the above date.
HARRY SANDARS.
Oxford.
BRAYDED : BIIAYDES (4 th S. viii. 398, 487.)
Perhaps the following lines will throw some light
on the meaning of the word brayded:
" A dolefulle syghte the knyghte gane see
Of his wyfe and his childir three
That fro the fire were flede,
Alle as nakede als they were borne,
Stode togedir under a thorne,
Braydcde owte of thaire bedd."
The lines are taken from the English romance
of Sir Isumbras, and are quoted in Wright's
Domestic Manners.
The word Iraydede seems here to mean '' driven
out," and in part bears out N.'s suggestion thai-
it means " dodged."
ED. LLEWELLYN GWILLIM.
Marlboroagh, Wilts.
INVASION OF SWITZERLAND BY THE ]':
(4 th S. vii. 36.) In 1375, Enguerrand de Coucy,
Count of Soissons, was at war with the dukes
Albert and Leopold of Austria concerning the
marriage portion of Catharina his mother, the
eldest daughter of Leopold. He united with
Edward III., whose wife was another daughter
of the same duke. Edward raised an army in his
dominions, and with it and Enguerrand's men in-
vaded Alsatia, threatened Basel, penetrated into
Switzerland, which they lay waste until the peo-
ple of the mountains having rallied, fell upon
these foreign adventurers, defeated them at all
points, and drove them back to France. The Eng-
lish numbered 6000 men, and formed the great
majority of Enguerrand's army. They ravaged
the whole country between the Canton of Zurich
and the burgh of Neufchatel, which they left un-
touched on account of the firm attitude taken by
the warlike Countess Isabella and her people ;
but revenged themselves for this by pillaging and
destroying a small abbey (Fons Andrese), two miles
north-east of Neufchatel. This event was chroni-
cled in the following manner on the inside cover
of the martyrology of the convent. (See my
Monuments de Ihistoire de Neuchdtcl, 2 vols. fol.
1844) :
" Xotum sit omnibus pra?sens scriptum inspecturis quod
suo anno MCCCLXX quinto, die nativitatis Domini nos-
tri Jesu Christi abbatia ista fuit penitus destructa per
Britones de Britania, qui hue fuerunt conduct! per domi-
num de Cussi, contra ducem Austrie, tempore regiminis
fratris Guillelmi de Yalle Transversa, abbatis hujus eccle-
sie Fontis Andree."
The tradition of that invasion is still living in
several parts of Switzerland, where some places
of defeat are still called English hills, fertres
angfais" &c.
I think the fable of William Tell (William the
Tall) originated in the times of that invasion,
and in the recital of some of the English legends,
which contain the chief marble block out of which
the poetical imagination of the Swiss has cut a
hero. GEO. A. M.
Patent Office, Washington, D.C.
4 th S. IX. FEE. 17, '72.]
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
147
HELP = PREVENT (4 th S. ix. 56.) To help is to
assist. Then we have, as the dictionaries show,
to help out, up, oi-e)', off. Then in Shakespere to
help of t in the sense of to cure : " To help him of
his blindness/' Then comes the sense of to prevent
or hinder, and. also to forbear and avoid. Ellipsis
I believe to be the only principle upon which
this seeming contradiction can be reconciled. " I
could not help letting the plate fall," becomes, if
we fill up what custom and brevity have elided,
" I could not help [myself from] letting the plate
fall." The verb thus becomes reflective : to help
oneself from any thing or action is to escape from
such thing, or from performing such an action.
" I could not escape, prevent, forbear, avoid let-
ting the plate fall." Swift says, "Those few
who reside among us only because they cannot
help it " ; i. e. because they cannot escape or help
themselves from so residing. Help or assistance
implies the giving of aid to some one ; to save him
from some inconvenience is to hinder the approach
of the objectionable thing. If, then, in Meu of
helping another you help yourself from the com-
mission of an act, you prevent the act from taking
place. When a man helps himself against some-
thing external to him, he hinders or prevents that
thing, so that the ellipsis explains all. A work
on English elliptical phrases would be extremely
valuable if done by a man like Home Tooke ; but
cloudy-pated men like Crabbe of the synonyms
should be warned off. We had better wait till
some merciful German shall help us. C. A. W.
PIOXTOWSZI, BUONAPARTE'S FAITHFUL POLISH
ADHERENT (4 th S. ix. 3.) The following details
of this attached follower of the fallen emperor may
not be thought unworthy of transcription by the
readers of Lord Lyttelton's very interesting notes
of his conversations with Xapoleon on board the
Northumberland :
" Captain Piontowski, an officer in the Polish troops
attached to Buonaparte's person, who had accompanied
him to Elba, and had a command in the little army that
landed in France, formed one of the suite which accom-
panied the ex-emperor to England. He was, however,
refused to attend the exile of his fallen master. The dis-
appointment he suffered on the occasion was extreme,
and he still continued to persevere in his application to
follow that fortune to which a sense of the most ardent
and affectionate duty impelled him. Notwithstanding a
lady from France, to whom he had been betrothed, joined
him at Plymouth and married him, he still most zeal-
ouslv adhered to his original object ; and having at length
obtained the sanction of government, he took his passage
in a store-ship for St. Helena. The arrival of this faith-
ful follower was not expected : Napoleon, however, could
not but be sensible of his attachment, and received him
with kindness. But neither his situation nor his man- j
ners were such as to associate him with the suite, nor did j
his modesty appear to expect it. An apartment was
assigned him by the generals; and Mr. O'Meara, the j
surgeon, thinking he was neglected, with that goodness
of heart and generous nature which distinguishes his i
character, made him welcome to his table. Such were the ;
! amiable and unassuming manners of this romantic Pole,
! that the distant treatment of him was a subject of general
animadversion, and a want of generous feeling was attri-
buted to Napoleon for inattention to such an evident
example of fidelity. But this afterwards appeared to be a
! groundless suspicion. The Captain occupied his garret
j during the night, and occasionally amused himself with
! his gun during the day ; happy in the enthusiastic .satis-
faction of sharing the fate of the great object of his
idolatry. It happened, however, in one of his sporting
excursions, that his piece accidentally went off in the act
of loading it, and very severely wounded his right hand.
With this mischance Napoleon became acquainted, and
expressed a desire to see and console him ; but previous
to the execution of this kind intention, a female servant
of General Montholon was removed from one of the very
comfortable rooms at Longwood, and Piontowski was con-
veyed thither. The following day Napoleon paid him
the projected visit, but without suspecting he had been
in any other apartment, and amply repaid his devoted
Pole for the wound in his hand, by giving such a warm
delight to his honest and faithful heart." Letters written
on board his Majesty's Ship the Northumberland and at
St. Helena, Sfc. By William Warden, Surgeon on board
the Northumberland, 2nd ed. London. 1816, 8vo, p. 204.
WILLIAM BATES, B.A.
Birmingham.
BARON BUNSEX (4 th S. ix. 55.) At p. 311 of
the Memoir j by the Baroness Bunsen (vol. ii.,
1868), it is stated that the late King of Prussia
addressed the Baron as " Doctor Theologiee," and
that the latter wrote a long letter in answer
signed Dixit ex cathedra, Doctor Theologiae."
H. F. T.
LETTICE KNOLLTS (4 th S. yiii. 480 ; ix. 65.)
A lengthy and very interesting account of this
lady and her family occupies a large portion of
vol. i. of Craik's Romance of the Peerage. For
another biography of this ladyj see Gentleman's
Magazine, March 1846.
Lot 815 in Messrs. Puttick & Simpson's Cata-
logue of the MSS., Autographs, &c., of Robert
Cole, Esq. (sold July 29, 1861, &c.) is
" Deed of sale to Thomas Hill of Honeley, co. War-
wick, by Sir Christopher Blounte, and of the Lady Let-
tice, Countess of Leicester his wife, of all their right in
the manors of Honeley and Blacknells, for 5007., with their
signatures." These, it is added, are " extremely rare."
The Gentleman's Magazine, May 1849, p. 522,
mentions
" Inventories of the personal properties of Countess
Lettice, and of the Dowager Countess of Leicester, at
Essex House, taken January and February, 1635. Com-
municated from the original roll, with notes by J. O.
Halliwell, Esq., to the Archaeological Association, and by
them to the Society of Antiquaries."
S. M. S.
HOBBEDEHOT (4 th S. viii. 451.) The word is
used also in the forms " hobbledehoy " and " hob-
bardehoy/' A short time ago ST. SWITHIX sug-
gested that the term " hobbedehoy " owes its
origin to the "hobilles," or short jackets which
boys until recently wore. I wish to propose
another derivation for the word. Tusser, in his
148
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[1 th S. IX. FEB. 17, 72.
Five Hundred Pointes of good Husbandrie (p. 105,
ed. 1604), gives a poem of twelve lines containing
directions for the various employment of the
twelve " ages " of human life, each age compris-
ing a period of "seven" years. The first four
lines run thus :
"The first seaven yeeres bring up as a child,
The next to learning, for waxing too wild ;
The next keep under, Sir Hobbard de Hoy,
The next a man no longer a boy."
The derivation suggested by the third line
which deals with the youth between fourteen and
twenty-one seems much more plausible than
that of ST. SWITHIN. Who Sir Hobbard de Hoy
was I have been unable to find out; perhaps
some of your readers can throw light on the sub-
ject. II. B. F.
HENRI DETJX WARE (4 th S. ix. 38.) In Part i.
of the Catalogue of the Special Exhibition of Works
of Art, 8fc., on Loan to the South Kensington Mu-
seum, 1862, is an excellent article by 3. C. Robin-
son on this subject. Added to this is a list of all
the pieces then (July, 1862) known to be extant,
with descriptions of those exhibited at that time.
S. M. S.
" WHYCHCOTTE OF ST. JOHN'S,'"' vol. iii. 302
(4 th S. viii. 542.) May I ask if any key has ever
been published ? If not, who was " the mayor of
Liverpool" referred to in vol. ii. p. 134, the "for-
tunate youth " (same page), and (l Robinson the
cracksman, and in the royal cortege" at the ac-
cession of Louis Philippe ? S. 0.
DEESIDE : JAMES BROWN (4 th S. viii. 527 ; ix.
81.) On the title-page of a book in my posses-
sion, Epitaphs and Monumental Inscriptions in
Grey friars Churchyard, ' 12mo, Edinburgh, 1867,
the collector of them, James Brown, keeper of
the grounds, is expressly called " Author of the
Deeside Guide" Yet it is very probable that a
man once in so humble a position as that of a
car-driver, as MR. CLYNE mentions him to have
filled, was indebted to others for much of the
varied information given in the works published
under his name. In fact he mentions his obliga-
tions to several men of learning with reference to
his Book of Epitaphs in Greyfriars Churchyard,
in the preface. It is a book very well edited,
and will be the means of rescuing many valuable
monumental inscriptions from oblivion, when the
originals have been effaced by the tooth of tempus
edax.
At p. 238 et seq. of the Book of Epitaphs, Mr.
Brown quotes a Latin epitaph on the celebrated
criminal lawyer, Sir George Mackenzie, the king's
advocate, and the prosecutor of the Covenanters
in the reigns of Charles II. and James II., " from
an extra leaf added to some copies of Monteith's
Theatre of Mortality, published in 1704." On the
mausoleum itself, the most conspicuous monu-
ment in the Greyfriars, there is no inscription,
though beneath it rest the " bluidy advocate
Mackenzie," his son-in-law Lord Roystoun, and
Sir George Lockhart of Lee, who was murdered
by John Chiesley of Dairy a circumstance al-
luded to by Sir Walter Scott in the Bride of
Lammermoor* The place where the epitaphs on
these eminent lawyers was originally inscribed is
not mentioned. JOHN PICEFORD, M.A.
Hungate Street, Pickering.
THE LADIES' LIBRARY : ELIZA STEELE (4 th S.
ix. 56.) Eliza (or Elizabeth) Steele was the
daughter of John Baron Trevor of Bromham, in
the county of Bedford, and was the wife of Sir
Richard Steele, the author of the Christian Hero,
and the co- editor with Addison of The Spectator.
Her grandfather, Sir Thomas Trevor, an eminent
lawyer, and Chief Justice of the Common Plea?,
the first Baron Trevor of Bromham, was one of
the twelve peers created by Queen Anne in one
day. In a small library over the south porch of
Bromham church there was a copy of The >S;
tor, on the title-page of which was written, just
as J. M. describes, " in a bold but neat female
hand, ' Eliza : Trevor.' " My impression is, that
Lady Steele had only one child, a daughter, who
died young ; but this point could be easily ascer-
tained. JOHN PICKFORD, M.A.
Hungate Street, Pickering.
NOVELISTS' FLOWERS (4 th S. viii. 549 ; ix. 85.)
I am not acquainted with the work quoted by
MR. BRITTEN, and therefore cannot say whether
it. botanical statements are of much value. But
I find nothing to carp at in the few sentences
quoted by MR. BRITTEN. It is difficult even to
guess what is meant by " marsh lilies," as the
term is applicable to so many varieties of Lilium,
found in marshy or ill-drained meadows. The
wild tulips may be meant; or it may be the
Lilium bulbiforum, or the Narcissi = wild daffodils.
By the "tall white lychnid-eas" is probably
meant the Lychnis flos cucidi, the cuckoo flower
of our children and our peasants ; and also of
Shakespeare, in his charming song
" When daisies pied, and violets blue."
The French name is lychnide ; the German name
lycMnelke; 'and we sometimes find a Latin
form, lychnidea. The word lyclinideas of the
novelist seems an English plural to lychnidea.
I do not find anything extraordinary, or that
merits a !, in "bulrushes growing in a field."
Wherever there is moisture, plants of the juncus
tribe will have a home and flourish a fact
* Blind Alice alludes to his murder by Chiesley to Sir
"William Ashton, who replies that Chiesley's punishment
must have acted as a warning to others. A note by the
author adds that Chieslfy had "pistolled" (sic) Sir
George Lockhart on his return from church, and that he
was executed.
4 th S. IX. FEB. 17,72.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
149
that an accomplished botanist, like MR. JAMES
BRITTEN, need not be reminded of.
The most common German name of the little
blue speedwell is EkrenpreiS) i. e. " honour's prize "
or " reward." But it is also, called Macnner treue,
i. e. "man's faith," " fidelity," or " constancy " j
and it may be from the legend related by the
novelist. This name appears to be more local
than general.
The bulrush calls to remembrance a Craven
anecdote, which is worthy of record. Some forty
years or so, the dales district had a professional
" ratten an' mowdwarp " catcher, called Moses.
It was his Christian name, and I presume that he
had another one ; but he was always known as
Moses. He was an eccentric character, and had
no dislike to ll a glass o' rum an' waiter " an
amiable failing to which " varmint" killers are
generally addicted. He was always saying " that
reminds me," &c. In fact, his discourse was
always full of similitudes and reminiscences. On
one occasion, when wading through Linton Beck,
he slipped and lay prostrate amongst some water-
weeds. Some countrymen, who were highly
amused at the disaster, called out " What does
that remind you of?" "Why/' said tho rat-
catcher, "of Moses among the bulrushes!" a
bit of ready wit that proved he was no great fool
after all. STEPHEN JACKSON (Murithian).
MR. BRITTEN'S queries respecting the flowers
of Clemency Franklin have been forwarded to the
authpr, who is at Cannes? As regards the last, I
would, in the mean time, refer him to the follow-
ing quotation from Goethe's description of one of
Albert Diirer's portraits of himself, as translated
in Mrs. Charles Heaton's Life, p. 50. He has in his
hand " a piece of the significant blue flower called
in Germany ' man's-faith ' (-Manns-treue)."
AUSTIN DOBSON.
FINDERNE FLOWERS (4 th S. viii. passim ; ix. 23,
80.) My authority for the statement that the
Narcissus poeticus is not a native of Palestine, is,
that none of the botanical authors whom I have
consulted (and they are many) give it as such.
Mr. J. G. Baker, the most recent authority on the
subject, says of N. poeticus, in his " review " of the
genus (Journal of Botany, viii. 114, 1870-1), that
it extends "as a wild plant all through the south
of Europe, from France to Greece." MB. PEAR-
SON is in error in supposing that Tyas (scarcely a
high authority in such matters) "gives N. poeticus
as being a native of that country." He refers (op.
cit, p. 129) to "the great jonquil (N. calathimts)"
as " found in Palestine and'Syria" a name regard-
ing which there is probably some mistake, as,
according to Mr. Baker, neither of the plants to
which it is applied occurs in the Holy Land. The
only species native to Palestine appears to be
N. serotinus. JAMES BRITTEN, F.L.S.
"BOARD " (4 th S. ix. 93.)" To make a board, is
making a stretch on any tack when a ship is work-
ing to windward." (Hamilton Moore's Navigation.}
To " make a good board" is to get on well in a
stretch to windward. This seems the same idea
as that involved in the quotations at p. 93 to get
on in spite of adverse influences. W. G.
There is, I think, little doubt that the meaning
is that an old good servant saves what is equiva-
lent to the "board" of a child. I have often
heard the expression with reference to some piece
of extravagance, " Why, it's the board of a ser-
vant." F. G.
In the phrase, " an old good servant boards a
child," the word boards is not well spelt. It
should rather be bords i. e. approaches, from Fr.
aborder, to approach. It is common in Shake-
speare and Spenser in the sense of accost, to
which word it is a close equivalent. For aborder
means to come to the edge of, and accost is to
come to the side of. In the phrases to bord *. e.
approach a ship, and to go on board of a ship, the
two words bord and board have become hopelessly
confused. "Accost is, front her, boord her, woo
her, assail her " (Twelfth Night, i. 3); "I'm sure
he is in the fleet, I would he had boorded me "
(Much Ado, ii. 1.) The spelling boord is that of
the First Folio. ' WALTER W. SKEAT.
1, Cintra Terrace, Cambridge.
HORNECK AND JESSAMY (4 th S. ix. 94.) MR.
BONE has been rather sparing with data whereon
to construct a reply to his, query. However, I
think it can be done. About a century ago
" jessamy " was a vulgar contraction for jessamine;
and at that period "jessamine sprig," in the Mid-
lands, was an equivalent term for dandy or fop,
originating, no doubt, from the custom of wearing
that flower, as we now observe the youth of our
age trudging "to office," with paper collar on
neck, dinner in pocket, and moss rose in button-
hole.
The term, then, " his Jigg and his Jessamy "
would doubtless mean his giggling daughter and
frivolous son. C. CHATTOCK.
Castle Bromwich.
" I SIGH AND LAMENT ME," ETC. (4 th S. ix. 95.)
I have before me The Bouquet, composed of Three-
>d-Ticenty Neio Songs. (Derby : Printed for the
Travelling Stationers, 1793.) Song twenty-one
is entitled " Queen Mary's Lamentation," and as
it varies in some particulars from the verses
quoted by MR. RATCLIFFE, and also supplies
three additional stanzas, I venture to give it ver-
batim :
I sigh and lament me in vain,
These walls can but echo rny moan ;
Alas ! it increases my pain,
When I think on the days that are gone.
150
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[4th S. IX. FEB> 17j7 . 2 .
" Thro' the grate of my prison I see
The birds as they wanton in air ;
My heart how it pants to be free,
My looks they are wild with despair.
"' Above tho' oppress'd by my fate,
I burn with contempt of my foes ;
Though Fortune has altered my state,
She ne'er can subdue me to those.
" False woman, in ages to come
Thy malice detested shall be ;
And when we are cold in the tomb.
Some heart still will sorrow for me.
' Ye roofs where cold damps and dismay
With silence and solitude dwell ;
How comfortless passes the day,
How sad tolls the evening bell.
" The owls from the battlements cry,
Hollow winds seem to murmur around,
' Mary prepare thee TO DIE ! '
My blood it runs cold at the souud."
J. CHARLES Cox.
Hazelwood, Belper.
These verses cannot possibly be by Mary Stuart.
Their structure indicates that they are eighteenth
or early nineteenth century work. I think I saw
them set to music about thirty years ago.
EDWARD PEACOCK:.
These verses have nothing to do with the
unhappy queen, beyond the title. They were
written about a hundred years ago, and sung at
one of the public places of amusement. I have a
contemporary broadside printed with the music.
The air is very poor, destitute of character, and
full of what is called the " Scotch snap." ^ The
song is alsc printed (with the same music) in
Calliope, or the Musical Miscellany, 1788, -8vo,
p. 110. Both copies contain three stanzas more
than are given by your correspondent. The two
following come after the first :
" Thro' the grate of my prison I see
The birds as they wanton in air ;
My heart how it pants to be free,
My looks they are wild with despair.
" Above tho' opprest by my fate,
I burn with contempt for my foes;
Tho' fortune has alter'd my state
She ne'er can subdue me to those."
The remaining one precedes the last :
" Ye roofs where cold damps and dismay,
With silence and solitude dwell ;
How comfortless passes the day,
How sad tolls the evening bell."
MR. RATCLIFBE is welcome to a copy of the
music, if he desires to possess it.
There is a Latin elegy, said to have been written
by Mary in prison, which is given in Seward'
Anecdotes with an English paraphrase, and i
Plaintive air composed by Dr. Harrington of Bath
t begins
" O Domine Deus ! speravi in te."
The English version
" In the last solemn and tremendous hour."
"With regard to the "many pleasing verses"
f this queen, I am afraid that they are few and
ar between. All that is known about them may
ie seen in Walpole's Royal and Nolle Authors,
dit. Park, v. 32. EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
LADY ALICE EGERTON (4 th S. ix. 94.) The
ady in Milton's Comus was painted by Wright of
Derby, and formed one of a collection of twenty-
ive ^of his own works exhibited by him at Mr.
ilobins's Rooms, No. 9, under the Great Piazza,
Oovent Garden, in 1785. It is thus described in
he catalogue, but is not marked for sale :
No. 1.
The Lady in Milton's Comus, verse 221.
Was I deceiv'd, or did a sable cloud
Turn forth her silver lining on the night ?
I did not err, there does a sable cloud
Turn forth her silver lining on the night,
And casts a gleam over this tufted grove."
A fine mezzotint engraving of this picture
(now very scarce), measuring 2H in. by 17 in.,
was published by J. R. Smith, 31, King Street,
'ovent Garden, Feb. 30, 1789. The lady is re-
presented seated on the ground in a thick grove
of trees. The moon, just breaking through the
clouds, throws a gleam of silvery light on the
lady's features and some portions of her dress, and
reveals the trunks of the surrounding trees, with
a distant landscape shrouded in gloom.
There is an engraved portrait of the Hon.
Thomas Egerton (in 4to by Evans), one of the
performers in Milton's Cotmis, at Ludlow Castle.
EDWIN COOLING, JTJNR.
Derby.
POYNTZ FAMILY (4 th S. ix. 105.) I am greatly
obliged to P. K. for his .communication, and his
reference to Mr. Croker's interesting note respect-
ing Cowdray and its " fatal inheritance," but I
should be glad if he could give me any informa-
tion respecting the " older stories " it alludes to,
in addition to the " curse of fire and water " that
had fallen on the family of Montagu as holders of
a large amount of church property, for they pos-
sessed the spoils of no less than six former monas-
teries. C. L. W. C.
NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.
Saint Chrysostom, his Life and Times. A Sketch of the
Church and the Empire in the Fourth Century. By the
Rev. W. R. W. Stephens, M.A., Balliol Coll. Oxon,
and Yicar of Mid-Lavant, Sussex. With a Portrait.
(Murray.)
The writer well observes that there are many names in
history familiar to us from our very childhood, while of
the personal character and actual life of those who bore
them we are utterly ignorant. We know their talent?,
their energy, the influence for good or ill which they
exercised over their fellow men yet of their personal
4 th S. IX. FEB. 17, '72.]
NOTES AND QUEEIES.
151
life, their individuality, their share in our common
nature, we know comparatively nothing. St. Chrysostom
is one of these historic influences. His voice is still heard
among us, yet of the man himself few possess more than
the scantiest knowledge. He is one of many who played
a great part in the drama of his time, but his individuality
is lost in the busy crowd of no less important actors by
whom he is surrounded. It is Mr. Stephens' object to
place him for a while alone before us, and in making us
acquainted with the story of his life, his studies, his
labours, he makes him no longer what he has been a
name but a reality ; and this, too, not by withdrawing
him from the work in which he was engaged, but by
showing us how he influenced it, and the share he took
in it. The result is what the author intended not only
a Life of St. Chrysostom, but a review of the state of
the Church and of the Empire at the period when St.
Chrysostom lived.
Echoes of a Famous Year. By Harriet Parr, Author of
the " Life and Times of Jeanne d'Arc,'' c. (H. S.
King & Co.)
Written for the amusement of her god-daughters, the
authoress of the work before us has produced a sketch of
the history of the eventful year which opened with
Napoleon's wanton and improvident declaration of war,
and ended with the occupation of France by the Germans,
and the loss of Lorraine and Alsace in which the chief in-
cidents are touched off in a vigorous and attractive form,
calculated to make the book acceptable to a wider class
of readers than those for whom it was originally intended.
Les Beautes de la Foesie Anghiise. Par Le Chevalier
Chatelain. Vol. V. (Rolandi.)
No one can dispute the claims of Le Chevalier Chate-
laiu to the pen of a ready translator. Though this is but
the fifth volume of Les Beautes, it is about the thirtieth
volume of translations from the English Poets since the
Chevalier commenced his labour of love with Les Fables
de Gay in 1852. In the volume before us we have some
two hundi-ed poems, translated from some seventy or
eighty English and American authors of all ages and of
all styles all translated apparently with equal facility.
We ought not to pass over entirely without notice some
dozen portraits of the poets with which the volume is
illustrated.
Debretfs Illustrated House of Commons and the Judicial
Bench (1872 > Compiled and edited by Robert Henry
Mair. Personally revised by the Members of Parlia-
ment and the Judges. (Dean & Son.)
This third volume of the Debrett Series is not the least
valuable. It contains much Parliamentary information
not found in other books of a similar character, while the
section relating to the Judicial Bench is an exclusive
feature ; in which we find biographical notices not only
of the Judges of the Superior Courts of Great Britain and
Ireland, but of the Judges of the County Courts, and
Recorders of England.
The Chronology of History, Art, Literature, and Progress,
from the Creation of the World to the Conclusion of the
Franco- German War. The Continuation ly W. Douglas
Hamilton, F.S.A. (Lockwood.)
A handy little volume ; for the necessary accuracy on
which its value depends, the name of Mr. Douglas Hamil-
ton, of the Public Record Office, may be taken as a
guarantee. Will that gentleman forgive our hinting
that its value would be doubled, and its size not incon-
veniently increased, by a well considered Index ?
CORRECTORS OF THE PRESS. We have been requested
to give insertion to the following remarks on the useful
labours of printers' readers : It is a fact that ought to
be familiar .to the reading public that they are indebted
to this class of workers for much valuable work apart
from their own subordinate sphere. It was as a reader
that Alexander Cruden acquired that exact accuracy
which has rendered his Concordance the standard work
of its kind. Samuel Johnson, Oliver Goldsmith, and a
host of others were correctors of the press in the last
century; in fact the reading-closet was the usual refuge
of the impecunious literarj' men of that day. Some of
the best of the sub-editors whom modern newspapers have
called into existence received their training as readers ;
and more than one editor-in-chief has risen from the same
degree. Out of about 140 members of the London Asso-
ciation of Correctors of the Press, we understand that 2
are editors, 6 sub-editors, 4 authors (one dramatic), 1 an
accountant, 1 a scientific lecturer, and 10 regular con-
tributors to the press. Beside? these 24, many others arc-
occasional writers. Here is a mass of literary activity
from a source not commonly suspected, and it is to us ;;
marvel how these men, after fifty or sixt}' hours' ex-
hausting headwork in a week, can find time or energy for
anything extra. Perhaps their appetite for work grows
by what it feeds on. Perhaps they rejoice in putting
other readers to the tortures they themselves have en-
dured ! We had almost forgotten to mention that a
painstaking member of this fraternity is preparing a
new blessing for the British public (at least for those
who read old English) in the shape of a Concordance to
the poems of Edmund Spenser. The work has been pro-
gressing steadily during the leisure of three years, and in
about twelve months it will be ready for publication.
The Guardian announces that " Lady Walmsley, of
Hume Towers, Bournemouth, carrying out the wishes of
the late Sir Joshua Walmsley, had decided upon pre-
senting to the nation the celebrated portrait-gallery of
her husband, which comprises portraits of the following
eminent statesmen, taken from life, and considered to.be
the finest extant : Gladstone, Cobden, Bright, Disraeli,
and Hume. Also the celebrated portrait of George
Stephenson, for which the late Sir Joshua was offered
several thousand pounds ; and portraits of Cromwell,.
Nelson, and Garibaldi. An excellent portrait of the late
Sir Joshua will also be included in the gift."
BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES
WANTED TO PURCHASE.
Particulars of Price, &c., of the following books to be sent direct to
the gentlemen by whom they are required, whose names and addresses
are given for that purpose :
DOUGLAS JERROLD'S SHILLING MAGAZINE. Nos. 34, 3/, 38, 42.
AINS\VORTH'S MAGAZINE. Vols. V. and VII. to XII.
},&c. Vols. I. III. to
BENTLEY'S MAGAZINE. Vols. IX. to XII.
DE QUINCEY'S WORKS. Author's Edition,:
VIII. and X. to XII.
Wanted by Rev. D. J. Drakeford, 4. Coper's Cope Road,
New Beckenham, Kent.
THE SEVENTH REPORT OF THE BRITISH ASSOCIATION FOR THE
ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE. 183".
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NOTES AND QUERIES.
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H. B. S. The line "How much the half is better than
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and Days, book i. line 60.
U. O N. The custom of going a Souling has been
noticed in our 1 st S. iv. 381, 506 ; 3 rd S. xii. 479. Consult
also Brand's Popular Antiquities, edit. 1848, i. 393.
J. BEALE. Miller (Singers and Songs of the Churchy
p . 23) says that the hymn " Guide me, O thou great Jehovah," 1
is from the Welsh of William Williams. The translation
has been sometimes attributed to a Wm. Evans.
P. The curious calculation respecting the French In-
demnity appeared in The People's Magazine for Nov. 1871,
p. 301.
STEPHEN JACKSON. The clocks you mention are well
known, being exhibited in very many of the London shops.
J. E. H. ( West Derby. ) TAe translation has been asked
for. See p. 127.
F. R. FOWKE. Thanks for the lines, but they have
already appeared. See " X. & Q." 3 rd S. v. 358.
J. S. UDAL. " The Attorney of the Olden Time " is
from Bishop Earle's Microcosmography, edit. 1811, p. 105.
J. J. GOOD ALL. Consult The Rose Book, a Practical
Treatise on the Culture of the Rose, by Shirley Hibberd,
1864 {Groombridye), and A Book about Roses, by S.
Reynolds Hole, 1870 (Blachwood).
R. J. G. (Dublin.) The desired information as to iron
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NOTES AND QUEEIES.
153
LONDON, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 24, 1S72.
CONTENTS. N 217.
S: Birthplace of Plautus and Temple of Jupiter
Apenninus, 153 John Howard Payne aud " Home, sweet
Home," 15 li Renfrewshire Folk Lore: an Adder St^one,
153 Chaucer Restored, Ib. Sir William Mure of Row-
'.e, 137 Shylock Odd Changes of Meaning A
Rutland Weather Saying Two remarkable Inscriptions
Attorney of the olden time Bums and Keble " The
Throwing of the Hood " Byron and Horace Parodies.
&c., 157
QUERIES : American Genealogy Baldursbra, a Flower
: .e Thomas Bateman, M.P. Bribery and Kissing
"Call us not Weeds," &c. Hardwick and Worksop
Hi raldic Book-Plates Hutchinson's Collection for Hunts
.v-lc-bone Mr. Matthews Oratorio Plaster of
Tarras Count Bertrand Hi mbault Scissors Scores
Senlao Sinaitic Inscriptions " Supar !" George
Watson Taylor, Esq., of Erlstoke, M.P. Thornton Abbey
Velvet Willy, 159.
REPLIES: -Gourmand: Gourmet, 162 Relics of Oliver
Cromwell : the Sidney Portrait. Ib. Marriage with a De-
fer, 163 Poems by Mary Queen of Scots,
Four Children at a Birth, 165 The Meeting of the
'0 Choirs Roman Villa at Northleigh The Loss of
" HalseweH " Scales and Weights Ashen Fu^ot
. Wood "If I had a D9nkey," &c. The 'bevii's
Nutting PUT " Gutta cavat lapidem," &c. Lady Grizell
" My Thewgbts are racked '' Watch Papers
Tanll\i Family " With Helmet on his Brow "
.alt Barons " Happy the Man," &c. The Lord
ki Puttock Chance of Baptismal Names
s of Old Tunes Miss Ward Burns's " 'Prentice
Han'," &c., 165.
Notes ou Books. &c.
[IPLACE OF PLAUTUS AND TEMPLE OF
JUPITER APENNINUS.
Having lately (antd, p. 5) given a short account
of the birthplace of the poet Ennius (born B.C. 239),
I have been reminded of another Roman writer,
Plautus, his contemporary (born E.G. 254), whose
birthplace, Sarsina, in a far different part of Italy,
I once visited; and as it is rarely that such a
Deluded nook is reached by the English traveller,
it may be not without interest to your classical
readers to have a description of its present appear-
ance. I have before, in speaking of the " Tomb
of Hasdrubal " (4 th S. i. 69), remarked that this
part of the Apennines is distinguished for little
sequestered valleys, apparently cut off from the
whole world. I approached these valleys from the
direction of Gubbio, crossing a high ridge by a
mountain path, which brought me "to the neigh-
bourhood of the village Schieggia ; so interesting
for the ruins of what is believed to have been the
temple, of Jupiter' Apenninus, to which the con-
federated tribes of Umbria repaired to sacrifice as
the Latins did to the Alban Mount. At Valle di
Holla ed Ajale, about half a mile from Schieggia,
on the hill called La Serra, you find the ground
covered with ruins ; and if the earth were cleared
away, I do not doubt that the foundations of the
temple would be clearly traced. Some pieces of
mosaic I saw at Pietra Grossa, and on the hill La
Serra was found the following monumental in-
scription of Roman times :
c . MESIO
C . P . LEM
RVFINO
VIX . ANN . XIX
C . MAESIVS
TLOTIDIANVS
FIL . PIISSIMO.
It is a high mountainous region, inhabited prin-
cipally by shepherds and their flocks, as it was in
the time of Claudian (about A.D. 400), who speaks
of it :
" Exsuperat delubra Jovis, saxoque minantes
Apenninigenis cultas pastoribus aras."
I threaded my way by Urbino, San Marino,
San Leo by cross paths to the sources of the river
Sapis,.now Savio; on the banks of which I found
the village Sarsina, of about three thousand in-
habitants, retaining the name which it had two
thousand years ago, and situated in a secluded
valley surrounded on all sides by lofty ridges of
the Apennines. The ancient city extended up
the hill at some distance from its modern repre-
sentative, and here many remains have been found,
though I do not believe that it could at any time
have been of great extent. The following imper-
fect sepulchral inscription was the only memorial
of Roman times which I saw near the * site of the
ancient city :
ANTELLAE
L . F . PRISCAE
ET . L . F . ASVRCTO
VIRO.
I could see that its territory contained extensive
mountain pastures, and is still as rich in milk
dives lactis, as Silius Italicus (viii. 462) says ; nor
are its forests on the declivities of the mountains
extinct, .though I cannot say that I heard of the
dormice being still there, as they were in ancient
times when prized by the Romans (Martial, iii.
58, 35). I found, however, the baths of which
Martial (ix. 58) speaks :
" Sic montana tuos semper colat Umbria fontes,
Nee tua Bajanas Sarsina malit aquas."
They are now known as the Bagni di S. Agnese,
and at some distance I heard that there were
baths called Bagni di Kegina, still used by inva-
I lids ; while the baths of Bake have long ceased
to exist At the cathedral there are numerous
mutilated columns of all kinds ; also marble slabs
with ancient sepulchral inscriptions. Many in-
scriptions are also found at the Palazzo del Com-
mune. I was much interested by my visit to the
j birthplace of Plautus, and could not doubt that I
I saw everything much as it was when the poet
; lived. There were the everlasting hills clothed
with woods, the springs still supplied baths for
the recovery of invalids, and the dormice, no
154
NOTES AND QUERIES.
S . IX. FEB. 24, 72.
doubt, still chirped iii the woods, though no
longer caught for the luxurious Roman. I may
state that the scenery, as you cross this lofty
ridge of the Apennines towards Florence, is highly
picturesque, though the ascent can only be made
on mule-back. You come down on the valley of
the Arno, not far from the celebrated Camaldoli ;
and if you be energetic, you may climb the highest
point of the ridge, / Scali, mentioned by Ariosto
on account of the extensive view it affords :
" Scuopre il mar Schiavo e il Tosco
Dal giogo onde a Camaldoli si viene."
I had seen both seas from a hill of the Sila in
Calabria (4 th S. vii. 529); but the breadth of
Italy is there only some thirty miles, while here
it cannot be much less than one hundred and fifty.
CRATJFTJKD TAIT RAMAGE.
JOHN HOWARD PAYNE AND " HOME, SWEET
HOME."
I send you enclosed an article which I furnished
to a local paper (the Troy Times, N. Y.) con-
taining a letter from Mr. Perry to my uncle, the
Hon. W. B. Maclay. As this letter is conclusive
proof of the true origin of " Home, sweet Home,"
concerning which some of the London papers seem
at fault (Times and Athenaeum, &c.), it may be
useful for insertion in " N. & Q."
J. W. MACLAY.
Ordnance Office, Watervliet Arsenal,
West Troy, N. Y.
"Some Interesting Historical Facts respecting the Author
of* Home, sweet Home?
[Special Correspondence of the Troy Daily Times.'}
" West Troy, Jan. 23, 1872. A paragraph has recently
gone the round of the New York city newspapers, in
which a doubt is expressed whether John Howard Payne
was the author of the popular song commonly attributed
to him. We therefore take the greater pleasure in call-
ing the attention of the reader to a letter upon this sub-
ject, which we have been kindly allowed to publish, and
which would seem to place the authorship of ' Home,
sweet Home ' beyond the possibility of any cavil. We may
mention that the writer of the letter, Mr. Perry, was on
a temporary visit to London from Tangiers, of which port
he was United States consul, a position which Mr. Payne
himself once filled. The John Miller referred to in the
letter was in early life a publisher in London, and was
the predecessor of Murray in the publication of the Sketch
Book, the author, however, taking upon himself the ex-
pense of paper, printing, advertisements, and the risk of
sale. 'I wish,' says Irving, 'you would make interest,
through James Renwick, to get the college to employ
John Miller, bookseller, Fleet Street, as a literary agent
in London. He is a most deserving and meritorious little
man, indefatigable in the discharge of any commission
entrusted to him, and moderate and conscientious in his
charges.' Without further preface we give the letter of
Mr. Perry, which, as will be seen, is addressed to Hon.
W. B. Maclay, formerly a representative in Congress
from the city of NBAV York :
" LONDON, UNITED STATES' DISPATCH AGENCY, Sept.
19, 1865. Hon. W. B. Maclay, No. 2, Nassau Street,
New York. My Dear Mr. Maclay : I have called into
this office to pay my respets to our venerable Dispatch
agent, John Mifier, Esq., who has held this responsible
post, now some forty-five years, to the satisfaction of the
government, and awakening the gratitude of those officers
of our service who are made dependent upon his fidelity
and promptitude in forwarding their communications.
'"Mr. Miller has had the kindness to show me the
first printed copy of " Sweet Home." It is interwoven
with a play entitled Clari. An opera, in three acts, as
first performed at the Theatre Royal, Covent Garden, on
Thursday, May 8th, 1823, by John Howard Payne, Esq.
The overture and music (with the exception of the na-
tional air), by Henry R. Bishop, Esq. London : John
1 Miller, 69, Fleet Street, 1823. (Price two shillings and
sixpence.)
" ' I wrote with the copy before me, and Mr. Miller
sitting at his desk near by. In reply to my remark that
the authorship of "Sweet Home" had been called in ques-
tion, Mr. Miller stated that there was not the least room
for doubt upon the point.
" ' Mr. Miller said that he gave Mr. Payne 507. for the
copyright of Clari, and that he (Mr. Payne) revised the
proof. This play was exceedingly popular at the time,
and drew very crowded houses to witness its represen-
tation.
" The air of " Sweet Home " was at that period a
popular national air of Switzerland. The original has
lovely instead of " lowly thatched cottage." Mr. Miller
informed me that this was an oversight of Mr. Payne in
correcting the proof. Mr. Payne was introduced to Mr.
Miller by Washington Irving, who was a mutual friend
of these gentlemen, serving them both in many ways and
on many occasions. Very truly yours.
" ' AMOS PERKY.'
" The purchase of the opera of Clari proved a very
good speculation. ' The profits arising from it,' says the
author of the life and letters of Washington Irving,
' realized by the manager and not by Payne, are stated
to have amounted to two thousand guineas in two years.'
None of the parties seem to hav.e paid much attention to
the song of ' Home, sweet Home,' which was afterwards
one of the chief attractions of the opera, and was first
sung by Miss M. Tree, the eldest sister of Ellen Tree,
who married Charles Kean. All cotemporary accounts
unite in representing her to have been as distinguished as
a vocalist as her sister was as an actress. An epigram
by Tuthill has been preserved in the ' Table-talk ' of
Rogers.
' On this Tree when a nightingale settles and sings,
The Tree will return her as good as she brings.'
"At the time Miss M. Tree was warbling at Covent
Garden, another sister was a danseuse at Drury Lane.
Both seem to have awakened the admiration of a poetical
spectator, who thus anonymously, but it must be confessed
'mpartially, celebrates the merits of the two sisters :
' Of all the Trees that I have known,
Pippin, nonpareil, or warden,
Give me the Tree so sweetly blown,
The vocal Tree of Covent Garden.
' But would I choose a tender form,
That dances with the elfin train,
I'd shelter from life's angry storm,
And seek the Tree of Drury Lane.'
" We may be glad that ' the vocal Tree of Covent Gar-
den ' was not wanting, but it was not needed to make
1 Home, sweet Home ' immediately popular. It belongs
;o that class of compositions where the language, the
vehicle of the sentiments, is level to the meanest capacity,
4* S. IX. FEB. 24, '72.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
155
and where the sentiments themselves, striking a kindred
cord in our common nature, finds an echo in every bosom.
Payne had left his native country for one year, and was
absent from it twenty. With poverty as a companion,
he had often wandered ' mid pleasures and palaces ' in
foreign lands, an exile and a stranger. In a propitious
hour the vision of home fell upon him, steeped in^colours
caught from Heaven, and radiant with a w dawn of light,
such as
' Fancy never could have drawn
And never could restore.'
" All the thoughts proper to a condition only rendered
more lonely by contrasted splendours, streamed into his
heart until, subdued and melted, it poured out of its sad
experiences this immortal song, which has filled the
whole earth with its melody. ALADDIN."
RENFREWSHIRE FOLK LORE: AX ADDER
STONE.
It may be twenty-five or thirty years ago that a
child of a farmer in the parish of L h was bit
or stung by an adder on the back of the foot,
which, as well as the leg and thigh, in conse-
quence became very much inflamed and swollen.
The child's life was considered in danger; and
various means of cure were resorted to by the
parents on the advice of their friends and neigh-
bours. Among others, a pigeon was procured,
killed, cut open, and immediately, while warm,
applied to the wounded foot. The flesh of the
pigeon, it is said, became very dark or black; but
yet having, as it was believed, no good, or at
least very immediate effect, this other cure was
had recourse to. In the same parish a family of
the name of C g resided. They had been
proprietors of the land they occupied for several
generations, and in possession of a so-called adder-
stone and four Druidical beads, some of which,
or all conjunctively, had been efficacious in curing-
various complaints, but more particularly those in
cattle. At the solicitation of an intimate friend,
these were obtained (although never before al-
lowed to go out of the custody of .some of the
family), and used according to instructions re-
ceived, of this import that a small quantity of
milk, some two or three gills, should be taken
from a cow, and that while warm, the stone and
beads, which were arranged on a string, should be
put into it, and then thoroughly washed with the
milk. A slough, or some slimy matter, it was
said, would be developed on the stone, which
behoved to be cleaned off by and mixed with the
milk, and that the latter then should be applied
in bathing the wounded part and all the limb,
which was afterwards to be swathed. This was
d6ne accordingly, yet after an interval of two or
three days from the time the sting was received ;
and it is reported by those alive and witnessing
the application, that, even by the following morn-
ing, there was a visibly favourable change, and
one which resulted in a complete cure. The
child arrived at manhood, got married, and is
yet alive.
This adder-stone is of a light dun or yellowish
colour, and circular, about an'inch and a quarter in
diameter, a little less than half an inch in thickness
at the centre where it is most thick, and has a hole
there, circular, smooth, and about half an inch in
diameter. It is not unlike, in form and size, to
the whorls which, in conjunction with the distaff,
were, only a century or two ago, in general use in
spinning yarns. The beads are all of different
forms, sizes, and colours, yet all are perforated in
the centre, so as to allow them to be strung. The
stone and beads are still extant and in good pre-
servation.
As the parents of the child were afterwards
advised, the same good result would have ensued
if only the head of the adder (which was found
and killed) had been cut off, and the wound well
rubbed with it.
This being a well authenticated case of a cure
being effected (as the belief is) by charmed stones,
the particulars, it is . hoped, may be worthy of
preservation in " N. & Q." ESPEDAEE.
CHAUCER RESTORED. No. IV.
1. " The Parliament of Birds, "an acknowledged
production of Chaucer's, authenticates the ", Cuckoo
and the Nightingale " j thus line 275 of the latter
piece runs
"And therefore we will have a parliament."
It follows that the Parliament accepted by MR.
FURNIVALL has most probably been written in
furtherance of this implied promise.
The sequence runs thus :
(i.) " The Court of Love " is found to close thus
(11. 1 to 1351)
"she
My Sovereign [i. e. Venus] ....
.... said
. . . . abide, ye shall dwell still with me,
Till season come of May, for then truly,
The King of Love and all his company
Shall hold his feast."
(ii.) Then follows " The Cuckoo and the Night-
ingale," called also " The Book of Cupid, God of
Love," the scene of which is laid in May ; and it
ends with the promise of "a parliament," on "the
morrow after St. Valentine's day." Accordingly
we turn to
(iii.) The " Parliament " itself, stanza 45, and
read
" For this was on St. Valentine's day."
a follows the " Bird's Matins " appended to
" Court of Love " ; to this, as I fancy, the
misplaced envoi properly belongs, the lewd song
being obviously the " Bird's Matins," with its
"Domine labia," Venite," " Cceli enarrant,"
" jube Doinino " : a scrap of Latin in almost every
Then
the
156
NOTES AND QUERIES.
verse." This envoi is a sort of apology for it, and
quite in keeping.
This pre-arranged order cannot be accidental ;
it shows design, and argues unity of authorship.
hus these three pieces, inextricably linked to-
gether, must be accepted or rejected in company.
2. It is still a moot point when Chaucer was
born ; it could not have been earlier than 1328, nor
later than 1340. Suppose we accept MR. FUKSI-
VALT/S compromise of 1340; this would make
Chaucer nineteen when, in modern parlance, he
first entered the army in 1359. lie was then a
prisoner in France for about twelve months.
During this period, I assume, he may have solaced
his enforced leisure by translating in part " The
Romance of tho Kose." He would return to
England, and we have his " Black Knight," which
I assume to ref<>r to the Black Prince, who mar-
ried Joane Plautagenet in 1361, the latter having
been left widow in 1360, on the death of Thomas
Holland, Earl of Kent.
3. Among these restored poems are some touches
from a master-hand, -ex. (jr. the opening of the
" Court of Love "
" With timorous heart, and trembling: hand of dread,
Of cunning naked, bare of eloquence,
Unto the flower of port in womanhood
I write, as he tliat none intelligence
Of metres hath.''
In the "Black Knight," stanzas 32 to 34 are
very fine
" The thought oppressed with inward sighes sore,
The painful life, the body languishing)'
" Now hot as fire, now cold as ashes dead,
Now hot for cold, now cold for heat again,
Now cold as ici ; , now as coales red."
Compare -this with Troilus and Crcssida
" For heat of cold, for cold of heat I die."
Bk. i. I. 420,
obviously from Petrarca's
" E tremo a mezza state, ardendo il verno."
4. Another peculiarity, not to be overlooked, is
found in certain personal allusions. We have " the
Lordes son of Windsor " (Romance of the Rose),
which, I take it, refers to Edward the Black Prince.
The term " fair white," used for Blanche Duchess
of Lancaster, in the Death ; also, in the same book,
the reference to King Edward III. as the Emperor
Octavian.
The term Philo-genet, cf. Plantagenet, used in
the " Court of Love."
The Parliament at Woodstock, where the court
had resided, used in the " Cuckoo and the Night-
ingale."
There is a certain amount of assured familiarity
in this mode of procedure ; is it possible there
could have beeh tiuo in the same position, at the
same time : Chaucer so well identified, the other
anonymous
A. HALL.
MR. HALL continues his amusing pleasantries,
and now wants us to believe that (l The Black
Knight " is Chaucer's. What would " N. &
say to a suggestion that Kyd's Cornelia or
Spanish Tragedy was Shakspere's, because it,
Lear, Hamlet, or any or all of Shakspere's plays
had a dozen or a hundred words in common ?
" Cornelia," " Cordelia " : li this remarkable fa-
mily likeness is a strong point of resemblance
that could not be imitated without gross pla-
giarism, so I claim the (' Cornelia ') for (Shak-
spere) ! "
..That would be restoring Shakspere with a ven-
geance, would it not? And yet this is just the
process that MR. HALL is putting Chaucer
through. MS. evidence is nothing to him; facts
are of no consequence : a critical ear and per-
ception are mere delusions. Any one can sit down
and settle what is genuine Chaucer and what
is not. The same alphabet is used in two dif-
ferent poems, therefore the same author wrote
them both !
This " Black Knight " is known to be one of
Lydgate's poems ; it is assigned to him by a MS. in
the hand of his contemporary Shirley, who copied
scores of Lydgate's poems, as well as many of
Chaucer's ; and the very verse itself proclaims to
any man with an ear that it is not Chaucer's.
Just take a couple of stanzas picked out at random,
and ask yourself if it is possible tlrat Chaucer, one
of the most melodious poets that ever lived, could
have written them :
.LXXXVIII.
" And, as I wrote, me thoght I saw aferre,
Fer in the west(e) lustely appere
Esperus, the goodly bryght(e) sterre,
So glad, so feire, so persaunt eke of chere,
I niene Venus with her bemys clere,
That hew hertis only to releve
Is wont of custom for to shewe at eve.
XCIII.
" And when that she was goon unto her rest,
I rose anon, and home to bed(de) went,
For very wery, me thoght hit for the best,
Preyng thus in al my best entent,
That al(le) trew that be with Daunger shent,
With mercie may, in roles of her peyn,
Kecured be, er May come eft ageyn."
How is it possible to mistake this poor stuf:
Chaucer's writing ? Surely a moderate amount of
training in his lines must convince a man that
these stanzas are none of his. How, then, did
they ever come to be attributed to him ? u The
Black Knight " is mainly imitated from Chaucer's
" Dethe of Blaunche the Duchesse," with recollec-
tions of the "Legende," "Pity," "Mars," "Knight's
Tale," &c. : and is called in a late Scotch MS. at
the end " The Maying and Disport of Chaucer,"
as if Lydgate had perhaps meant the Black
Knight for Chaucer. But this colophon is not in
4 th S. IX. FKK. 24, 72.]
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
157
Shirley's authentic copy. Walter Chapman may
have seen this or another Scotch copy of the
poem, and he accordingly printed it in ] 508, as-
suming that it was Chaucer's own work. Thynne
included 'it in his edition of Chaucer's works in
1532, and other editors have followed suit. That
poem is Lydgate's there can Ibe no reasonable
doubt ;' and among his poems, and not Chaucer's,
will it, I trust, hereafter be found.
MR. HALL'S remarks on the envoi are so childish
that my only wonder is they have found admit-
tance to "N. & Q." To claim a poem for Chau-
cer because it has an envoy addressed to a princess,
is like claiming a play for any special dramatist
because it has an epilogue addressed to its hearers.
Were not MR. HALL'S ignorance so genuine, the
attempt to impose it on " N. & Q." readers for
knowledge would be insulting.
The " Flower and the Leaf " tells us itself that
it was written by a lady in line 462, where the
writer makes a lady call her, the writer, " My
doughter." Its language shows it to be from fifty
to eighty years after Chaucer's time, though it
was manifestly suggested by his "Legende," and
copies some expressions in his " Knight's Tale," as
line 34, "That sprongen out ay en the sonne sliene " ;
from "K. T.," line 1509, "And loude he song
t''jn/n the sonne shene" &c. It does not observe
the laws of Chaucer's ryme, and, though gene-
rally beautiful, it has lines too weak for Chaucer.
Tor instance, lines 313-15
" The savour eke rejoice would any wight,
That had be sic'ke or melancolius,
It was so very good and vertuous."
No MS. of it is known, though one was once
in Lord Bath's late volume, Mr. Bradshaw says :
it was not put into any edition of Chaucer's works
till ISpeght added it and " Chaucer's Dream," &c.
These old editors, when they found a pretty
poem and sometimes an awfully bad one evi-
dently said " This ought to be printed. Let's call
it Chaucer's, and then we can put it into his
works and so get it in type ; nobody '11 know the
difference till "we're dead and gone." Not a bad
course of proceeding to preserve poems, only we
must use our senses now, and not be bound by the
old editors' attributions of authorship.
As to " Chaucer's Dream," I can only repeat
what I have said before, that a man who pretends
to have studied CHAUCER and yet holds this late
poem to be his. should go through* a course of
Early English. The first four lines are enough
to settle the question
" When Flora the Queene of Plesaunce
Had whole achieved thobeysaunce
Of the fresh and new season
Thorow out every region."
You might as well say that Chaucer wrote
'' John Gilpin," as these dot-and-go-one lines.
F. J. FURNIVALL.
SIR WILLIAM MURE OF ROWALLANE.
On looking over The Historic and Descent of the
House of Rowallane (Glas. 1825) I notice that the
editor, the Rev. W. Muir, announces his intention
(not carried out) of publishing " The Poetical Re-
mains" of the knight, with the following con-
temporary testimony to his " excellent vaine in
poesie ":
" Thou kno's, brave gallant, that our Scottish braines
Have ay bein England's equal ewery way ;
Quhair als rair muse and martiall myndis remames,
With als renoun'd records to this day,
Tho 1 we be not enrol'd so rich as they,
Zit have we wits of worth enriched more rair ;
Cum, I have found our Westerne feeldes als fair,
Go thou to work, and I schall be thy guyde,
And schew thee of a sueitar subject thair
Borne Beuties wonder, on the banks of Clyd.
" Sprang thou from Maxwell and Montgomerie's muse,
To let our poets perisch in the West !
No, no, brave youth, continow in thy kynd,
No sueitar subject sail thy muses fynd."
The editor seems to have found these " Lines to
Sir W. Mure, by A. G. 1614," when looking up
the poet's MSS. at Rowallan ; and, in casting about
for a name to fit his eulogist's initials, it has oc-
curred to me that he can be no other than the
author of
"A Garden of Grave and Godlie Flowers, Sonets,
Elegies, and Epitaphes, Planted, Polished, and Perfected
by Mr. Alexander Gardyne. Edin. 1609."
As I know of no work of Mure's so early as
1614, which might have prompted this clap on
the back from the Aberdeen to the Ayrshire bard,
we must have lost the earlier productions of the
latter; nor do we find that the "sueitar " subject
here recommended, " the beuties of the Clyd,"
ever engaged the attention of Mure, whose pieces
are all of a religious cast. We see by Gardyne's
Repentance for wryting Poesies prophane that
we have also lost some of his worldly strains
among others, a work entitled The Scottish Worthies,
in which he may have claimed the " equality "
spoken of for his countrymen. And, upon the
whole, seeing that we know but little of the
i author, it behoves me, I think, to claim this waif
for the Garden of mv namesake. A. G.
SHYLOCK. In the Lee/ends of the Holy Rood,
just published by the E. E. T. S., there is a poem
entitled " How pe Hali Cros was fienden be Seint
Elaine," which, if written as early as the fifteenth
century, must surely have furnished the materials
from which Shakspeare drew his character of the
Jew of Venice. Let me refer your readers your
readers of Shakspeare especially to the passage
included between lines 71 and 114.
. EDMUND TEW, M.A.
158
NOTES AND QUERIES.
S. IX. FKB. 24, '72.
ODD CHANGES OF MEANING. A friend of mine
about twenty years ago was instructing some
Lincolnshire peasants' children in Scripture his-
tory. Among other questions she asked a little
girl " What was the Temple ? " The reply she
got was, U A doctor's shop, ma'am." On being
examined as to the reason for her answer, she
quoted Luke ii. 46. EDWARD PEACOCK.
A RUTLAND WEATHER SATING. The week
ending January 27 was characterised by an un-
usual rainfall, high winds, and a rise in tempera-
ture. I was talking with a Rutland labourer on
that fruitful subject, the weather, when he said,
"The birds began to whistle this morning. We
shall have a frost next week." He said that this
was a common saying, but I think it is new to
these pages. CTTTHBERT BEDE.
TWO REMARKABLE INSCRIPTIONS.
" Der, der den, der den, den 15 ten Marz hier gesetzten
Warnungspfahl, das niemand etwas in das Wasser werfen
ollte, selbst in das Wasser geworfen hat, anzeigt, erhiilt
celia Thaler Belohnung."
"Whoever, him, who, on the 15 th of March the here
placed warning-post, that nobod} 7 should throw anything
into the water, has thrown the post itself into the water
denounces, receives a reward of 10 Thaler."
"0 du Dido, die du da den, der den, den du liebst
liebt, lieb' o liebste des Freundes, den Freund des Freundes,
des Freundes wegen."
" O you Dido, you who, him, who him whom you love,
luves, love, love* dearest of the friend, the friend's
friend, for the friends sake."
S. H.
ATTORNEY or THE OLDEN TIME. The following
humorously quaint description of an attorney of
the olden time I copied out a few years ago,
though from what source I cannot remember.*
"An Attorney. His ancient beginning was a bluecoat.
since a livery, and his hatching under a lawyer; whencye
though but "pen-feathered hee hath now nested for him-
self, and with his hoarded pence purchased an office.
Two desks and a quire of paper sat him up, where he now
;-it.s in state for all commers. Wee can call him no great
author, yet he writes very much, and with the infamy
>f the Court is maintained in his libels. He has some
.snatch of a scholler, and yet uses Latin very hardly, and
lest it should accuse him, cuts it off in the midst, and
will not let it speak out. He is, contrary to great men,
maintained by his followers, that is, his poo re country
clients, that worship him more than their landlord, and
Ue they never such churles, he lookes for their courtesie.
He first rackes them roundly himself, and then delivers
them to the lawyer (barrister) for execution. His looks
are very solicitous, importing much haste and dispatch.
He is never without his hands full of business, that is, of
paper. His skin becomes at last as dry as parchment,
and his face as ii.tricate as the most winding course. He
talks statutes as fiercely as if he had mooted seven yeares
in the Inns of Court, when all his skill is stuck 'in his
girdle, or n his office window. Strife and wrangling
have made him rich, and he is thankful to his benefactor
It is from Bishop Earle's Microcosmographie, 1628.]
and nourishes it. If he live in a country village he makes
all his neighbours good subjects, for there shall be nothing
done but what there is law for. His businesse gives him
not leave to think of his conscience, and when the time or
terme of his life is going out, for doomes-day hee is secure,
for hee hopes he hath a tricke to reverse judgment."
It is curious to note how forcibly the remark
made by William Combe in his Dance of Death
applies to the solicitors of the present day :
" And thus the most opprobrious fame
Attends upon the attorney's name.
Nay, these professors seem ashamed
To have their legal title named :
Unless my observation errs,
They're all become solicitors."
J. S". UDAL.
Junior Athenaeum Club.
AND KEBLE. In Robert Burns' song
commencing
" Contentit wi' little, and cantie wi' mair,"
are the lines
" When at the blythe end o' our journey at last,
Wha the deil ever thinks o' the road he has passed ? "
Compare this with Keble's lines (for " St. John's
Day")-
" When the shore is won at last,
Who will count the billows past ? "
Had the same thought been expressed by any
writer before Burns P NORYAL CLYNE.
Aberdeen.
" THE THROWING OE THE HOOD." This annual
custom took place at Haxey, Lincolnshire, on
Saturday, Jan. 6, 1872. I extract the following
particulars from the Gaimburgh Neivs of the
13th : At two o'clock in the afternoon the cere-
mony was commenced by a man called " the fool,"
who read, standing in a cart, a " riot act " ; after
which he and the crowd ran into the fields, and
the game began. The fool's face is painted in
colours, and his clothes are hung about with
various coloured rags. Men called " boggans " are
the masters of the ceremonies. These men all
wear red jackets, and one of their number is called
'the captain of all the boggans." The captain
throws a hood (one of a bundle which he carries)
into the air. This is caught by one of the crowd,
who calls out "My hood!" and then attempts to
run off with it
He ran with it as far as he could, and then gave it a
throw towards Haxey ; it was caught by three or four
more, who would not let go consequently, a regular
scuffle took place, but in a good-humoured manner. The
crowd pushed to fro, some trying for Haxey, some for
Westwodside, some for Burnham," &c.
If the hood can be touched by one of the u bog-
?ans " during the struggle for possession, it is at
once given up to him, taken back to the starting
Doint, and again thrown up by the captain. The
same, I suppose, w.th the whole of the hoods. A
man caught a hood which he brought to
. IX. FEB. 24,72.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
1.59
Haxey, to the Duke William inn, where he re-
ceived for it half-a-gallon of ale for which the
" boggans " pay. Another reached Burnham, and
received a similar refresher. Some innkeepers will
give ten shillings for a hood, it being considered
%< a great deed to get clear away with a hood."
There are thirteen " boggans," but only seven were
present on this occasion.
Are the origin and meaning of this singular cus-
tom known to any readers of "N. & Q."?
THOS. RATCLIFFE.
[See "N. & Q." 2* S. iv. 486. ED.]
BYRON AND HORACE. I am not aware if a pal-
pable misquotation of Horace by Lord Byron has
ever been publicly noticed. I allude to one in
the first canto, stanza 212, of Don Juan, quoted
thus :
" Non ego hoc ferrem calida juventa,
Consule Planco." Carmen, 14, 1. 3.
The erratum is calida for calidus. " Calida
juventa," u in my hot youth," is correct; but such
\? not the way the words of Horace can be trans-
lated they are, "calidus juventa," "warm with
youth"; and Byron himself gives the metrical
rendering of the lines by Francis thus :
" Such treatment Horace would not bear,
When warm with youth Avhen Tullus tilled the chair."
The error seems to be a lapsus pennec of the
noble poet, of whom certainly it cannot be said
that he had
" Just enough of learning to misquote."
F. R.
PARODIES, ETC. Inquiries have, I believe, been
made from time to time in "N. & Q." for parodies,
&c. The following seems to be worthy of a corner
to secure it from oblivion.
In the year 1847 a penny paper entitled Pasquin
appeared, but had a run of eight numbers only.
In one of these was the
" Carmina Carminum Latino, JEthiopica.
1.
"Alabama* natus sum, heri nomen Beale,f
Puellam flavam J habuit, cui nomen erat Neale.
Decrevit ut me venderit, quod furem me ptitavit ;
Sic fatum, me miserrimum, crudeliter tractavit !
O ! mea dulcis Neale, carior luce Neale ;
Si mecum hie accumberis, quam felix essem, Neale.
2.
" Epistolam accepi, nigra signatum cera.
Eheu ! puellam nitidam abstulerat mors fera.
Notcc a Doctissimo Dunderhead scripts.
* Alabama. Eegio notissima Transatlantics. Incolae
sane mirabiles sunt. JEs alienum grande conflant, sed
solvere semper nolunt. Libertatis gloriosi, servitutem
sanctissime colunt.
f Quis fuerit Bfelius incertum est. Non dubito quin
repudiator fuit, ut Alabamiensis.
J Cave, lector, ne in errorem facilem incidas ; non
capilli, sed cutis colorem, poeta describit.
Luce. Verbum ambiguum hoc est. Consule doctis-
simum Prout literarum et roris Hibernici peritissimum.
Nunc vitam ago miseram, et cito moriturus ;
Sed semper te meminero, ut Hadibus futurus.
O ! mea dulcis Neale, carior luce Neale ;
Si mecum hie accumberis, quam felix essem, Neale. '
(Hiatus baud deflectus.)
FRANK RICH FO\YKE.
AMERICAN GENEALOGY. In the British Mu-
seum there is a work called
" Memorials of the Descendants of William Shattuok,
the Progenitor of the Families in America that hav
borne his name. By Lemuel Shattuck, Member of the
Mass. Historical Society, and of the American Anti-
quarian Society, &c. &c. Boston : Printed by Dntton
and Went worth for the Family, 1855."
On pages 57 and 58, it states that
" he was born in old England in 1621, and died at Water-
ton, Mass., 1672," and that " his exact origin and early
history are involved in obscurity. The first lot of land
granted to him is described upon the records as follows,
1640 : William Chattuck, an Homstall,' " &c. &c.
The work is written to ascertain the English
origin of the family, and contains a perfect pedigree
of the descendants of this William Chattuck down
to 1855. If the " legal personal representative " will
write me as below, he "may hear of something
to his advantage," and that, too, not merely in a
genealogical point of view. C. CHATTOCK.
Castle Bromwich, Warwickshire.
BALDURSBRA, A FLOWER NAME.
" Purer than snow in its purity,
White as the foam-crested waves of the sea,
Bloometh alone in the twilight gray,
A flower, the gods call ' Baldursbra.' "
Can MR. BRITTEN, or any reader of " N. & Q."
tell me what flower is meant?
THOS. RATCLIFFE.
THOMAS BATEMAN, M.D. Who was the author
(J. R.) of a Life of Thomas Bateman, M.D,, F.L.S,
(of Whitby), published by Longmans in 1826 ?
C. A. FEDERER.
Bradford.
BRIBERY AND KISSING
"A New Geographical and Historical Grammar, &e.
By Mr. Salmon. London : Printed for William John-
stone in Ludgate Street. MDCCLVIII."
"The ladies may think it a hardship that they are
neither allowed a place in the Senate or a voice in the
choice of what is called the representative of the nation.
However, their influence appears to be such in many
instances that they have no reason to complain. In
boroughs the candidates are so wise as to apply chiefly to
the wife. A certain candidate for a Norfolk borough
kissed the voters' wives with guineas in his mouth, for
which he was expelled the house ; and for this reason
others, I suppose, will be more private in their addresses
to the ladies." Page 241.
Can any of your readers inform me who
160
NOTES AND QUERIES.
S. IX. FEB. i
pleasant gentleman was, and what was the name
of the faTOured borough ?
HERBERT RANDOLPH.
Ringmore.
" CALL TJS NOT WEEDS, " ETC. Where is this
common quotation, prefixed to all books on sea-
weeds, to be found ? R. J. G-.
[In The Mother's Fables, by E. L. Aveline, author of
Simple Ballads, fyc., p. 157, new edit. 1861.]
HARDWICK AND WORKSOP. Can any reader of
"N. & Q." inform me where a piece of poetry
commencing
" Hardwick for bigness, Worksop for height,''
can be found ? ROBERT WHITE.
Worksop.
HERALDIC BOOK-PLATES. I observe with re-
gret the death of Mr. George Barclay of Green
Street, Leicester Square, whose taste in designing
heraldic book-plates was unsurpassed. Is there a
collection of examples executed by him in exist-
ence anywhere ? I should much like to be re-
ferred to any collection of woodcut book-plates.
F. M. S.
HTTTCHINSON'S COLLECTION FOR HUNTS. In
the Gentleman's Magazine for Nov. 1814 (p. 245)
is the following :
" We have authority for stating that John Symmonds,
Esq., of Paddington House, in addition to the purchase
he sometime since made of Hutchinson's Collection for
Hunts, all ready for the press, after a labour of thirty
years, has recently purchased the further heraldic ones
for the said county."
Where are, these MSS. at the present moment ?
T. P. F.
[In 1824 Hutchinson's MSS. were in the possession of
Sir K. C. Hoare, Bart. "N. & Q." 3 r <i S. vi. 19.]
MARY-LE-BONE. Is Mary-le-bone = (1) Marie
le bone (the le being a Picard idiom, according to
which le was both masculine and feminine) ; or
(2) Marie (of) the bourne, or boundary, Fr! borne
being anciently and correctly written bone or bonne,
from Low Latin bonna ; or (3) Mary [(of) the
bourn, or stream, from A.-S. burna, brune; or is
there any other more plausible explanation ?
J. PAYNE.
Kildare Gardens, W.
[Thomas Smith, in his Account of St. 3Iary-le-bone,
1833, p. 3, informs us that " the parish of St. Mary-le-
bone derives its name from the ancient village of Ty-
borne or Ty-bourne, which was situated on the eastern
hank of a brook or rivulet (bourn being the Saxon word
for a brook), which passed, under different denomina-
tions, from Hampstead into the Thames. When the site
of the church, which was originally dedicated to St. John
the Evangelist, and subsequently to the Blessed Virgin
Marj-, was removed to another spot near the same brook,
it was called St. Mary at the Bourne, afterwards cor-
rupted to Marybourne, Maiybone, Mary-la-bonne, and
now styled in the preambles of its various local legisla-
e enactments St. Mary-le-bor.e.'' Hence the seal of
:msh bears a figure of St. Mary, with a stream
running beneath her feet. She holds in her arms the
Infant Saviour; and lilies, emblems of purity, are grow-
ing by her side.]
MR. MATTHEWS. In the Letters of the Fir4
Earl ofMalmesbwy I find (i. 454) that Mr. Harris
desires 'his "grateful thanks to that able scholar,
Mr. Matthews, for his valuable publications."
What were these publications r . VIATOR.
ORATORIO. There is an oratorio, the libretto
of which is taken from the Rev: W. L. Bowles's
poem St. John, in Patinos. Can any of your
readers acquainted with musical literature inform
me whether Mr. Bowles himself selected and
arranged the words of this oratoria from his
poem ? Who composed the music, and what was
the date of performance ?
II. INGLIS.
PLASTER OF TARRAS, " to make cisterns to hold
water," is mentioned in the Common* Journals for
July 30, 1659 (vol. vii. p. 741). What sort of
plaster was it, and whence th'e name ?
A. 0. V. P.
[Tarras, written also Trass, is a volcanic earth or sand-
rock resembling puzzolana, used as a cement ; or a coarse
sort of plaster and mortar, durable in water, and used to
line cisterns and other reservoirs of water. The Dutch
tarras is made of a soft rock stone, found near Collen, on
the lower part of the Rhine. It is burned like lime, and
reduced to powder in mills. It is of a grayish colour.]
COUNT BERTRAND PIIMBAULT. I have a small
cutting from a magazine, perhaps a century old,
which gives the following passage on a subject of
(to me) some interest. I should be glad of a
reference to the magazine in which it is found ;
or, what would be still better, to the source from
whence it has been obtained :
"The following" narrative, taken from the records of
Languedoc, will evince the magnificence, folly, and bar-
barity habitual to the nobility of the early age.^. In 1171
Henry II. of France called together the seigneurs of Lan-
guedoc, in order to mediate a peace between the Count of
Toulouse and the King of Arragon. As Henry, however,
did not attend, the nobles had nothing to do but emulate
each other in wild magnificence, extended to insanity.
Among other instances, the Countess Urgel sent to the
meeting a diadem worth 4000 modern pounds, to lie placed
on the head of a wretched buffoon. The Count of Toulouse
sent a donation of 4000/. to a favourite knight, who dis-
tributed that sum among all the poorer knights that at-
tended the meeting. The seigneur Gtiillaume Gros de
Martel gave an immense dinner, the viands being all
cooked bv the flame of wax tapers. But the singular
rational magnificence of Count Bertrand Rimlault at-
tracted the loudest applause : for he set the peasants
about Beaucaire to plough up the soil ; and then he
proudly and openly sowed therein small pieces of money,
to the amount of fifteen hundred English guineas."
The story is evidently not complete, but here
my extract ends. I should be glad of any in-
formation concerning my exceedingly foolish an-
cestor, i Cl) WARD F. RlMBATJLT.
SCISSORS. When dM the very well-known
article, a pair of scissor-, first make its appear-
. IX. FEB. 24, 72.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
161
ance in England ? Perhaps some one in Hallam-
shire has investigated the matter, and could give
the information. It would be necessary to dis-
tinguish between scissors proper and what I take
to be the much earlier type of implement the
spring- shears now represented by " sheep shears"
and the much smaller implement of precisely the
same pattern used by weavers (of linen).
On the sepulchral slabs of the middle ages in
England, Ireland, lona, &c., the spring shears
are frequently found sculptured, and from the
mode iu which this emblem occurs, it is evidently
used to indicate the female sex, in the same way
that the sword, on other slabs belonging to the
same age and localities, indicates the male ; the
shears being adopted as a symbol of the domestic
occupations of the lady, while the sword was her
husband's familiar implement. Had what we
know as scissors been known in the thirteenth
and fourteenth centuries, they would probably
have been sculptured on these cross-slabs, and not
the shears. W. H. P.
SCORES. At Lowestoft the lanes or alleys
leading from the High Street to the Denes are
termed "Scores." Is this a local name? and is
it derived from these lanes having originally been
clefts or fissures in the cliff on which that part of
the town is built ? One of them is called " Rant
Score." Is this so named from a former inhabitant
of the town or neighbourhood ? If so, who and
what was he ? T. B.
SENLAC. The French chroniclers describe by
this name the battle which the English call the
Battle of Hastings. Whence comes " Senlac " ?
Is it a corruption of any genuine Saxon word ?
J .
[Senlac is commonly considered a corruption of Sangue-
lac, the Lake of Blood; but Mr. Lower (Chronicle of
Battel Abbey, p. 7) spells the word Santlache, from the
redness of the water here, as caused by the oxidization
of the iron which abounds in the soil of the Weald of
Sussex. Mr. Freeman, in his recent work on the Norman
Conquest, iii. 745, says, " The name of Senlac for the hill
on which Harold encamped rests, as far as I know,
solely on the authority of Orderic. I do not profess to
know the etymology of the name, and Orderic's form
may possibly be corrupt. But he cannot have invented
the word, which evidently survives in Santlaches, Saint-
lake, &c., in various spellings, ' the Lake,' ' Battle Lake,'
and so forth. Sanglac, or Sanguelac, I take to be simply
a French pun on the name."]
SINAITIC INSCRIPTIONS. Many years ago the
Kev. C. Forster attempted to prove that these
were the work of the Israelites, and many persons
are still of that opinion. For instance, the Rev.
H. Shepheard in a recently published work, Tra-
ditions of Eden, 1871, fully endorses it. I am
aware, however, that Oriental scholars entirely
dissent from this opinion, and consider the in-
scriptions to be of comparatively modern date.
In any case the existence of such inscriptions
is remarkable : in what work, therefore, could I
find their real origin and character simply and
correctly stated ? A gentleman wrote recently to
The Times to say that a valuable inscribed stone,
bearing the name of Moses, had been discovered in
the land of Moab, which, however, he subse-
quently ascertained to be a Nabathsean inscription
of the same class, and of no value. Now could
any one state whether the inscription really bears
the interpretation he assigned to it; and if so,
with what object is it conceived that inscriptions
of the sort were graven ? A. B. L.
[Has the attention of our correspondent been directed
to the articles on the subject in The Times of January
26 and 27- last, and in The Atheneeum of February 3 ?]
"SUGAR!" Could any of your readers who
are versed in parliamentary anecdote give the
name of the orator who began his speech by ut-
tering the single word " Sugar," and the date of
the delivery of the speech, which, from the pecu-
liarity of its commencement, excited .considerable
attention and amusement at the time ? J. L. 0.
f We have heard of a venerable clergyman who invari-
ably commenced his sermon with the word " Surely."]
GEORGE WATSON TAYLOR, ESQ., OF ERLSTOKE,
M.P., was author of Pieces of Poetry with two
Dramas, Chiswick, 1830. One of these dramas,
The Profligate, was privately printed in or about
1821; the other, England Preserved, had been
published in 1795. In the Biographia Dramatica
Mr. Watson is said to have held some legal ap-
pointment in India. Is this statement correct ?
What is the date of Mr. Watson Taylor's death,
and where can I find any biographic notice of
him ? He printed a few copies of Equanimity in
Death, a poem, 1813. Is this poem reprinted in
the volume which appeared at Chiswick in 1830 ?
RriNGLisT
THORNTON ABBEY. In the ruins of Thornton
Abbey, Lincolnshire, there is a winding descent of
fourteen steps to a vaulted prison or " dungeon "
(ten feet six inches long, and seven feet wide), to
which, when the door was shut, the only admis-
sion of light and air was by a fine ascending to an
aperture, nine inches by two, in the sill of a blank
window inside the chapter-house. This slope
widens to one foot six inches in one end of the
dungeon, and is said to have been for the con-
veyance of food to the imprisoned ; but, the
opening being above the stalls and about eleven
feet from the original floor, a ladder or steps of
some kind would be required to reach it. Can
any reader of U N. & Q." oblige by an explana-
tion of this connection with the chapter-house,
and naming, if such there be, any other like
arrangement ? J. F.
Winterton.
162
KOTES AND QUERIES.
IX. FEB. 24, 72.
VELVET. I have in my possession a piece of
very ancient crimson silk* velvet or plush, gore-
shaped. Four such would cover a skull-cap. It
was bequeathed to me by the late Benson Earle
Hill, with a memorandum that it is a portion of
that which had covered the helmet of Charle-
magne, once in the private museum of Napoleon,
and now, I think, preserved in the Rotunda at
Woolwich. When was velvet or plush first
made? U. O-N.
[Velvet, formerly called vellet, is mentioned by Join-
ville, A.D. 1272, and in the will of Richard II. in 1399.
Strutt names many varieties of the stuff in use in the
reign of Edward IV. For a long time the manufacture
of this fabric was confined to Italy, where, particularly
in Genoa, Florence, Milan, Lucca, and Venice, it was
carried on to a. great extent. It was subsequently intro-
duced into France, and brought to great perfection. On
the revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685 this branch
of weaving was begun in England by the refugees.]
WILLY. I am told (never having visited the
place) that Wilton in Wiltshire is on the river
Willy. Can any of your numerous readers (some
of whom seem to be enthusiastic Celtic scholars)
give me the derivation of the name Witty ? It is
probably Celtic, like so much of English river
nomenclature. I can find no attempt at a solu-
tion, although I have searched several topo-
graphical works, and should be thankful for an
early explanation, as a somewhat interesting eth-
nological question is involved in the derivation.
W. R. M.
GOURMAND: GOURMET.
(4 th S. ix. 89.)
The note by ME. PICTON introduces a confu-
sion as to the meaning of these words. He says
that, on reference to authorities, gourmand was
found to stand for a voracious eater, and that
gourmet has nothing to do with eating at all.
First let the present French use of the word be
settled. In Noel and Chapsal's Dictionary we
find:
" Gourmand, qui mange avidement et avec exces."
" Gourmet, amateur et connaisseur en vins et en bonne
cbere."
Bescherelle gives
" Gourmet, celui qui sait bien connaitre et gouter le
vin, les mets."
Hence, in the French language of this day, it is
to be admitted that gourmet stands for a critical
taster, no matter whether in fluids or solids. He
is no more a drinker of wine than an eater of
meat; he is a judge of both. There were tasters
in Rome, whose office was to determine whether
certain fish were caught at the mouth of the
Tiber or further out, and whether the geese were
fed on fresh or dried figs.
" Ces gourmets ctaknt rcgardi's par les gourmands
comme des hommes absolument essentials dans 1'Etat."
Espr. de TEncyd.
In this apposite passage we have both the
words ; the gourmet leads the gourmand. Brachat
gives the origin of gourmand as uncertain. Littre
points the primary meaning to be eating greedily,
the secondary to reprimand severely. Richardson
throws out as a hint goust manger, to eat with
taste ; but this is a fancy. The French seem to
be as much in the dark as we are. There is
a word gourd, swollen by cold "les mains
gourdes ; " at this word Littre gives the Provencal
" gord gras," the Burgundian, gdles; and Picard,
gourmes, "les mains gourmes" I think that this
is the real root of the word, for Rabelais (liv, i.
chap, xxxiv.) writes :
" Car jamais hommc nc scent mietilx prandre, larder,
roustir, et aprester, voyre par dicu dcmembrer, et gonr-
mander poulle que moy."
In the glossary they give this as equivalent to
larding a fowl. I take this to be the primary
meaning. To render gourd, by stuffing or swell-
ing out, gourmes is one of the existing dialectical
forms of the word. Gonrmer is found in Rouchi
" to taste wine," and Wedgwood says it must have
meant "to eat greedily/' and I think so too.
Gorge, gorgo, gorgolio, gurgeo, G. gurgel our gul-
let, the swallow of waters. Terror mis, in the North,
"to smear with fat": gourmander, as Rabelais
has it. The cormorant is only a gormorant. Gorma
is its northern name (vide Halliwell, Diet. Arch.).
Gorrell is a fat person. GorbeUy is a fat stomach.
Gorble is in some counties used for gobble. Gor-
croiv is carrion-crow. .Tunius says that nor is an
intensive particle in Welsh. Lye gives gior for
voracious, in Icelandic. Our word jaw clearly is
connected, and chaw, now a cliawman or gorman,
would not be far from gourmand. Gore is still
a Norfolk word for mud and dirt. Gorre meant
sow, in the Romance tongue (see Roquefort). The
throat is made large, gor or gros, in swallowing,
and so gorge and gullet are formed. Dirt is the
trituration of matter by the " tooth of time and
razure of oblivion," the chawed thing becoming
gore or ^frt. Reinaud gives goule as the Persian
for bourse, a purse, being the throat that swallows
money : and thus analogy leads on from gore to
clot, glot, plotted, gclleted, gullet, the swallow-pipe
for the trituration of the jaw ; but I think enough
has been said on the meaning of gourmand and its
origin. C. A. W.
Mayfair.
RELICS OF OLIVER CROMWELL : THE SIDNEY
PORTRAIT.
(4 th S. viii. 550 ; ix. 75, 80.)
MR. PICKFORD, at the above reference, has
reproduced the ridiculous story, " as told to him,"
. IX. FEB. 24, '72.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
163
of the manner in which the well-known Sidney
portrait of Cromwell was presented to that col-
lege. Who first originated this story it is in vain
to inquire ; but, as far as I have been able to
ascertain, it first found a " local habitation " in
the Cambridge Portfolio (p. 397), edited by the
Rev. J. J. Smith in 1840 j from this it was shortly
after copied into Le Keux's Memorials of Cam-
bridge and MR. C. H. COOPER, with less than
his usual cautious investigation, continued it in
his new edition. of that work. But in these works
there is this variation from MR. PICKFORD'S ver-
sion, that the master of the college was to stand
at the top of the staircase, so as not to be seen by
the bearers of the portrait, and to say " I have it."
MR. PJCKFORD'S young friend fixed the date of the
occurrence during the mastership of Dr. Chafy,
which was from 1813 to 1843 j whereas the por-
trait was presented in 1766, and although sent
anonymously, it has been known for a century
that the donor was Thomas Hollis. See Memoirs
of Hollis (2 vols. 4to, London. 1780), i. 298 ;
Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, iii. 64.
The surest way of once for all putting an extin-
guisher upon this silly story is to show it up in
"N. & Q." as a pure fiction. This I am enabled
to do on the very best authority. The present
courteous master of Sidney College, Dr. Phelps,
has kindly allowed me to examine the documents
connected with the presentation (which are very
carefully preserved in the lodge), and to make a
copv of the two letters of the donor for insertion
in " N. & Q." The following is the first letter :
" An Englishman, an assertor of liberty, citizen of the
world, is desirous of having the honor to present an
original portrait in crayons of the head of O. Cromwell,
Protector, drawn by Cooper, to Sydney Sussex College
in Cambridge.
" London, Jan. 15, 1766.
" I freely declare it, I am for old Xoll.
Though his government did a tyrant resemble,
He made England great, and her enemies tremble.
" It is requested that the portrait should be placed so
as to receive the light from left to right, and be free from
sunshine. Also that the favor of a line may be written
on the arrival of it, directed to * Pierce Delver, at Mr.
Shore's, Bookbinder in Maiden Lane, Covent Garden,
London.
" To the Master and Fellows of Sydney Sussex Col-
lege, Cambridge."
The second letter is as follows :
" A small case was sent yesterday by the Cambridge,
waggon from the Green Dragon, Bishopsgate Street,
directed To D 1 ' Elliston, Master of Sydney Sussex Col-
lege, Cambridge. Free of carriage.'
, " It contains a portrait which the master and fellows
of that college are requested to accept.
"London, Jan. 18, 1766."
These were the only communications received
by the college from the donor. How and when
his name was discovered there is no record to
show, nor any tradition ; but the letters were so
characteristic, that it could not long remain a
secret ; and we learn from the Memoirs of Thomas
Hollis that it was known in 1780. He died in
1774, when it was probably revealed, if not be-
fore. Nichols (Literary Anecdotes) gives the date
of presentation as 1764, whilst the Cambridge
Portfolio and the Memorials of Cambridge make it
1765 ; both, we know from the letters, are in error.
The two latter authorities also make the more
important mistake of ascribing the gift to Brand-
Hollis, to whom Hollis bequeathed his estates,
and who thereupon assumed his name.
The portrait is the size of nature, and is a
beautiful work of art, in coloured crayons, and in
an excellent state of preservation. The dhief ex-
pression, as characteristic of the man, appears to me
to be in the closely compressed lips, which convey
the idea of great resolution and firmness. It has
been engraved by P. S. Lambourne, J. Bretherton,
and P. Drevet, sen. There is also a very fair
etching of it in the Cambridge Portfolio, except
that the upper lip is too large and has too much
form.
Cromwell, as is well known, was an under-
graduate of Sidney College, and his name is duly
recorded in the admission book, April 23, 1616.
Beneath this entry is written the following illus-
tration of his character :
" Hie fuit grandis ille impostor, carnifex perditissimus,
qui, pientissimo rege Carolo I. nefaria caade sublato,
ipsum usurpavit thronum, et tria regna per quinque
ferme annorum spatium, sub Protectoris nomine, in-
domita tyrannide vexavit ! "
Without going into detail, many of these are
to be seen at Newburgh Park and Farnley Hall,
Yorkshire. See Murray's Handbook for York-
shire, pp. 218, 362, where full particulars are
given.
H. F. T.
MARRIAGE WITH A DECEASED WIFE'S
SISTER.
(4 th S. ix. 75.)
Perhaps the following contribution, imperfect
as it is, to the bibliography of this subject may
not be unwelcome to the correspondent who is
interested in it :
"A Serious Inquiry into the Weighty Case of Con-
science, whether a Man may lawfully marry his Deceased
Wife's Sister." By John Quick, Minister of the Gospel.
1703. sm. 4to.
" The Case of Marriages between near kindred parti-
cularly considered, with respect to the Doctrine of Scrip-
ture, the Law of Nature, and the Laws of England.'
London, 1756, 8vo.
" The Legal Degrees of Marriage stated and considered,
in a Series of Letters to a Friend. With an Appendix
containing Letters from several Divines and others." By
John Alleyne, Esq., Barrister-at-Law. 3rd ed. London,
1810, 8vo.
" Observations on the Prohibition of Marriage in Cer-
164
NOTES AND QUERIES.
S. IX. |
tain Cases of Relationship bv Affinity." London : Seeley,
Bvo.
2-.-- -.fi-fut. A Dispassionate Appeal to the Judg-
ment of the Clergy of the Church of England on a Pro-
posed Alteration" "of the Law of Marriage." London,
I umage with a Deceased Wife's Sister. A Reply to
the Article upon the Subject in the Quarterly Review for
June, 1849 ; together with a short Statement of the .
bearing upon the Question.'' By Edward Prichard.
nan, 1849, 8vo.
Marriage with the Sister of a Deceased Wife injurious
to Morals, and unauthorized by Holy Scripture/' By the
reorge Croly, LL.D. London*: J. Kendrick, 1849,
8vo.
La Examination of the Rev. John Keble's Tract
-t Profane Dealing with Holy Matrimony, in r
.::! his Wife'^s Sister." *By an English Church-
London : Houlston, 1849, 8vo.
" On Marriage with the Sister of a Deceased Wife. A
a Preached in Booking Church, on Sunday, March
By Henry Carrington, M.A., Dean and Rector,
-::d ed." London: Longmans, 1850, 8vo.
''Speech of William Pane Wood, Esq., against the
nd Reading of the BilTfor altering the Law of Mar-
-30." London : Rivingtons, 1850, 8vo.
'Reasons for Legalising Marriage with a D
-Sister." Bv Lord Denman. ^London : Hatch
8va
" Law of Marriage. The Speech of his Grace the Arch-
bishop of Canterbury, in the House of Lords, Feb. '25,
. n the Marriag'es in Affinity Bill, examined by the
Word of God and Common Sense. By W. A. Atkins,
in. a Letter to his Grace, with an Appendix containing
-alford : W. F. Jackson, 1851, 8vo.
"Marriage with a Deceased Wife's Sister. Letters
irom the Right Rev. Bishop Mcllvaine of Ohio, and other
eminent Persons in the United States of America in
favour of," &c. Printed for the Marriage Law Reform
Association, 26, Parliament Street, .London : J. Madden.
-vo.
4i The Men of Glasgow and the Women of Scotland.
Reasons for differing from the Rev. Dr. Symington's
View of the Levitical Marriage Law," &c. BvT.Binney.
London : .Ward & Co., 8vo, 1850. '
** An Argument in relation to the Levitical Marriage
Law, particularly as affecting the Question of the Mar-
riage of a Widower with his Deceased Wife's Sister. By
T. Binney. 4th ed. With a preliminary Statement of
certain Degrees of Physical and Spiritual Affinity, pro-
hibited by the Greek Church and the Papal Apostacv."
London : Ward & Co., 8vo.
[The same work as the foregoing.]
rhe Validity of Marriage with a Wife's Sister cele-
brated Abroad." By Edmund Beckett Denison, of Lin-
coln's Inn, Barrister-at-Law. London : J. W. Parker
,-ument against permitting Marriage
i'ter." By the Rev. Dr. J. A. H>.
Head Master of Merchant 'Taylors' School, and Preacher
of Gray's Inn. Lonfton : Rivingtons, 1855, 8vo.
'* The Ancient Interpretation'of Leviticus xviii. 18, as
Ived in the Church for more than 1500 Years, a suffi-
'_'v for holding that, according to the Word of
. Miirriage with a Deceased Wife's Sister is Lawful.
^ Letter to the Rev. W. H. Lyall. M.A., Rector of St.
Jnckchurch, from the *Rev. A. McCaul, D.D.,
Rector of St. Magnus," &c. London : Wertheim, 1859,
8vo.
-A Vindication of the Law prohibiting Marriage
a Deceased wife's Sister. I. On Social Prir.
II. On Scripture Principles. In Two Letters addressed
to the Dean of Westminster. Chairman of the Marriage
Law Defence Association/' By Vice-Chancellor Sir Wm.
Vood. London: Rivingtons, 1861. 8vo.
::ts and Opinions tending to show the Scriptural
Lawfulness of Marriage with a Deceased Wife's Sister,
and the consequent necessity for its Legalization in Eng-
land, in accordance with the Laws and Practice of other
Christian Nations." London : M. L. R. Association
1864. -
c- Present and the Proposed State of the Marriage
Law, Theologicallv, Morally, Socially, and Legally con-
By a Graduate in Classical and Mathematical
Honours, Cambridge, of B. D. standing. London :
:-.;mi & Co., 1864, sm. 8vo.
On Marriage with a Deceased Wife's Sister. May a
Tarry his Wife's Sister ? " By Mrs. Colin Mackenzie.
X is bet, 1865, sm. 8vo.
I do not give the title of Dr. Pusey's pamphlet,
which appears to be missing from my collection,
\ irious publications of the Marriage
Law Reform Association, some score of which
are advertised upon the wrappers of the separate
-. and may probably still be obtained by ap-
plication at the office of the society, 21, Parlia-
ment Street, S.AV. WILLIAM BATES, B.A.
Birmingham.
A well-written article (extending to 18 pages)
on tin? subject appeared in the first number of
JfaNMR. Political, Philosophical, and
rry (8vo, Dublin, May ^1863), which the
r states to be " an impartial summary of the
various arguments employed in the very numer-
ous pamphlets, letters, speeches, law reports, and
works of authority (on the subject) which we
have consulted."' H. J. FENNELL.
..velock Square, East, Dublin.
POEMS BY MARY QUEEX OF SCOTS.
(4 th S. ix. 95.)
Though C^ueen Mary is reported to have written
verses in both Latin and the modern languages,
very few specimens of her poetry are extant. I
believe my list to be complete when I mention
the lines on the death of Francis II., preserved by
Brantome : the sonnet to Elizabeth in the Cotton
Library ; a French sonnet to her son Prince James,
in the' State Paper Office ; her Meditations sug-
gested by a devotional work of the Bishop of
>.l the verses supposed to have been
written by the queen to the Earl of Bothwell
previous to her marriage with that nobleman.
The latter composition is probably a forgery.
It has been attributed to Buchanan, who is said
to have composed it with the intention of afford-
ing further corroboration to Mary's supposed let-
, Hume and Robertson, on the contrary, are
of opinion that* it is the work of the queen.
The opening lines will give an idea of the charac-
ter of the poem :
S. IX. FEB. 24, 72.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
165
Dieux, ayez de D
Et n'enaeignez
Je puis donner,
*n amour, et ferine ai'ection.
! n'est-il pas ja er.
Du corps, du coeur, qui ne refuse paine,
. -:;onneur, en la vie incertaine,
parentz, ni pire affliction ?
Pour luy, tous mes amis c'estime moins que rien,
bavarde pour luy et nom et concience :
. eux pour luy au monde renoncer.
Je veux inourir pour luy avancer," &c.
The more recently discovered of Mary's effusions
is a poem entitled
I ions faite par la Royne d'Ecoce, Dovairiere
<le France, recueillie d'un livre des consolations divine?,
composez par 1'Evesque de K
In a letter writter. s ley, dated
from Sheffield Castle, A ""_', and signed,
in the Latin translation by v. - known to
Tibi ainicissiiua Domina Maria R.." she ac-
knowledges having received his book of Medita-
says that she sends him some verses
by the perusal of bis work, which had
_reat consolation to her afflicted mind.
When, in 1574, the bishop published this volume
with a dedication to his royal patron, he also
annexed a copy of the poem, together with a
Latin translation; which Adam Blackwood, the
worthy Professor of Law in the University of
Poictiers, afterwards appropriated tmd published
in a collected edition of his own works. The
same production, under the title of " Meditations
sur ITnconstance et Vanite du Monde, composee
par la Feue serenissme Royne d'Escosse," is con-
tained in a rare volume entitled Lettres et Traifcz
. by " David Home en Dumbar," printed
at Bergerac, 1613. It may now be read in the
Bannatyne Miscellany t having bean lost sight of
until the year 1827, when the club reprinted it in
its present form. It commence.- :
' : Lors qu'il conuient a chacun repose^
Et pour un temps tout soucy deposer,
L n^ r souvenir de mon amere vie
Me vient oster de tout dormir Tenuie,
Eepresentant a mes yeux vivement,
De bien en mal un soudain changeinent,
Qui distiller me fait lors sur la face
La triste humeur, qui tout plaisir efface," etc.
Bishop Lesley's work also contains a sonnet by
Mary, never since republished except in the Mis-
f-ellany of the Bannatyne Club. It opens with
<; L'Ire de Dieu par le sang ne s'appaise
De boufs, ny boucs, espandu sur Fautel,
Xv par encens, ou Sacrifice
Le Souverain ne recoit aucun aise."
A production of this queen, which is entirely
lost, is the book of Frei: . on the "'Insti-
tution of a Prince,'* alluded to in Bishop Mon-
tague's preface to the works of King James I. A
Sanderson, mentions having seen
this volume in : ablv the same
work as that enumerated in the catalogue of
books presented to the College of Edinburgh in
by Drummond of Hawthornden under the
title of Marie Queene of Scots: Tetrasticha ou
JULIAS SHARMAX.
i'alace Gardens Terrace, W.
I do not imagine that Queen Mary was anything
of a poetess. The love sonnets which were* found
with the famous casket letters, and which, I be-
lieve, were undoubtedly written by her, overflow-
ing as they do with the burning passion she felt
for Bothwell, taken as literary compositions, must
be pronounced tame and altogether destitute of
poetic fire. To my thinking there is more poetry
in the letters themselves than in these sonnets.
The French chronicler Brantome wrote favour-
ably of Mary's poetry ; but, considering his inti-
mate connection with her maternal relatives, the
Guises, and those by marriage, Charles IX. and
Henry III. of France, his opinion can hardly be
reckoned an unbiassed one. Brantome gives* the
stanzas of an elegy made by Mary on the death
of her husband Francis II., which are quoted by
Dr. Hugh Campbell in his Love Letters of Mary
Queen of Scots, p. OS. These verses appear to me
to possess no merit whatever. I transcribe the
concluding one as a specimen of the others :
is chanson ici fin
A si triste complainte,
Dont sera le refrin,
' Amour vraye, et non feinte,
Pour la separation
X'aura diminution." "'
H. A. KENNEDY.
\Vaterloo Lodge, Reading.
FOUR CHILDREN AT A BIRTH (4 th S. ix. 127.)
I am enabled, through the courtesy of a medical
gentleman now residing at Broinsgrove, to give
F. C. H. an accurate if brief account of this
multiparous birth, which did take place, and on
March 23, 1819. The children were named Maria,
Mary, Sarah, and Eliza. Maria died of " white
swelling of the elbow" when seventeen years of
age. Up to that time they had enjoyed very good
health. They were all very much alike, good-
looking, inclined to be stout, and they were all
of the same height, about 5 ft. 4 in. Mary (mar-
ried) had two children (not at one birth), a son
and daughter, and died of fever when thi:
years of age. Eliza had a fall down stairs, and
an abscess formed in her side, from which she
died about a y Sarah is married: she is
in good health, and has had one son. Charles
(my informant's informant), a brother, and two
other children, were born (at single births) pre-
vious to the four at one birth : and there were
two single births after, a boy and a girl. The
father died from injury to hi? I :.ry years
186
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[ 4'* S. IX. FEB. 24, 72.
of age. The mother died of old age, at eighty-
three. The family name is Richardson.
FRED. RULE.
Ashford.
THE MEETING or THE THREE CHOIRS (4 th S.
ix. 136.) I am glad to see the sentence from the
Rev. P. Senhouse's music-sermon at Gloucester,
1728, reproduced and preserved in your imperish-
able journal. I beg leave, however, to remind
your learned correspondent, DR. RIMBATTLT, that so
long ago as 1859 1 directed attention to this passage,
and to the testimony which it contained of the
true origin of that long-lived institution, and of
the name of the efficient founder of it ; and that
these were unknown to the Rev. D. Lysons when
he published his History of the Meeting of the
Three CJioirs of Gloucester, Worcester, and Here-
ford, 1812, 8vo.
I was so happy as to do this in the very words
now used by your learned correspondent, with
one most important difference, that he has much
increased their force by giving his own eminent
name instead of that of THOMAS KERSLAKE.
Bristol.
ROMAN VILLA AT NORTHLEIGH (4 th S. viii. 545;
ix. 128.) I have to thank H. P. for calling my
attention to Hakewill's description of this villa, j
with which, however, I was thoroughly well ac- |
quainted before. The account which appeared in
" N. & Q." for December 30 was slightly condensed
from an account which had appeared elsewhere,
and in which his name was properly mentioned as
the original discoverer of the remains in question.
Since then, I have been favoured by Mr. Hemy
Hakewill, his son, with all the original drawings,
&c., which his father had made at the time, and
which are extremely valuable and useful to me.
J. P. E.
Merton College, Oxford.
THE Loss OF THE "HALSEWELL" (4 th S. ix.
94.) A detailed narrative will be found under
the head of " Old Stories Re-told " in No. 415 of
All the Year Mound to? April 6, 1867. In abound
copy the reference would be vol. xvii. p. -347.
C. W. M.
SCALES AND WEIGHTS (4 th S. viii. 372, 462 ;
ix. 83.) The box in possession of MR. CHATTOCK
is fairly explained, as far as it goes, to have been
intended to test the weight of guineas and half-
guineas. But the contents of my box are more
ample, as will be seen by reference to my^ former
communication. I .have just been trying my
weights with a guinea and a seven shilling piece,
which I keep as curiosities ; and I find that the
largest of my four weights, with the head of
George III. on one side, and Dwts. and Grs. on
the other, is marked 5 dwts. 8 grs., and just
balances a spade guinea. Unfortunately I do not
possess a half guinea; but I presume* that the
weight marked 2 dwts. 1C grs. would be the
weight of one. I tried the smallest of the four,
marked 2 dwts. 14 grs., and found it just balanced
the seven shilling piece, mine having been coined
in 1803. I have no way of accounting for the
fourth weight, which is marked 5 dwts. 6 grs.,
unless by supposing that later coined guineas
were only of that weight.
There can be no doubt that MR. CHATTOCK'S
weights, and the four of mine specified, were for
weighing the gold coin; but my box contains
elcvwi i, :>re weights, all marked with sums in
shillings and pence, and ranging from 4s. Qd. up to
3/. 12s. The use of these, I have been told, was
for goldsmiths to ascertain at once the value of
any piece of gold ; but I should be glad of a more
detailed explanation. F. C. H.
ASHEN FAGGOT (4 th S. viii. 547 ; ix. 87.) Ash
is here asserted to be the only wood that burns
well when green ; but laurel wood will burn
equally well when fresh cut and green.
F. C. H.
SANDAL WOOD (4 th S. ix. 95.) Lord Ellen-
borough's celebrated proclamation about the gates
of Somnath. S.
"!F I HAD A DOXKEV/' ETC. (4 th S. ix. 57).
1. The drawing-room version which I came a
some years agjo is as follow? :
" If I had an animal averse to speed,
Do you think I'd chastise him 1 No, indeed '.
But I'd give him some oats, and say' Proceed,
Go on, Edward ! ' "
Is this the version for which MR. ELLACOMBE asks?
G. P. GRANTHAM.
2. The drawing-room version of " If I had a
Donkey " first appeared in Punch for Feb. 17,
1844 (vol. vi. p. 85), under the heading of "A
Polished Poem." A similar version of " Giles
Scrog^ins "was given in the number for April 13
followihg (p. 106.) C. T. B.
THE DEVIL'S NUTTING DAY (4 th S. ix. 57.)
I was talking with a very old man in Bury St.
Edmunds, Suffolk, some years ago, who told me
that when he used to go nutting he never did so
on Holy Cross Day (Sept. 14), for fear he should
meet the devil. M. H.
Sleaford.
From fifty to a hundred years ago there was a
superstitious avoidance of September 14 among
the juvenile "nutters" of Kent. A capital story
in reference to this is told still in Maidstone and
its neighbourhood. A regiment quartered there
had in its band an immense negro drummer. This
worthy happened to take a ramble into the neigh-
bouring woods on September 14, and stumbled
over a large bag of nuts, which had been secreted
at the foot of a tree. Sambo, guessing that it was
the hoard of some trespasser, divested himself of
4* S. IX. FEB. 24, 72.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
167
his garments, and lighting a short pipe which h
kad with him, sat down on the sack of nuts with
his elbows on his knees, and enjoyed his tobacco
On the "free nutters" coming to the tree fo:
their spoil, the sable possessor treated them to a
wild howl Haro-a-ra-wa-ratl and the resul
may be imagined, his sable majesty being left in
possession, and the nutters scampering home a
fast as their legs would carry them. W. D.
Canterbury.
" GUTTA CAVAT LAPIDEM," ETC. (4 th S. ix. 82.)
This proverb was known long before the time o
Galen. It is quoted as a common saying even by
Bion, who flourished about A.C. 280. In his
Aetyava he says,
'E flctjuti'Tjs padd/Aiy/os, OKUS \6yos, a*\v loiaas,
Xa \tdos s pcoyfj.bi' KoiXaivfrai,
EDMUND TEW, M.A.
No doubt my friend DR. EAMAGE is well aware
that the first part of this hexameter, three words,
" Gutta cavat lapidem, non vi, sed saspe cadendo,"
is to be found' in Ovid, Ex Pont., iv. x. line 5 :
" Gutta cavat lapidem ; consumitur annulus usu ;
Et teritur pressa vomer aduncus humo."
It is in my memory, but very faintly, that some
ancient scholar, on lecturing his boys, was inter-
rupted at lapidem by a clever urchin, who com-
pleted the verse without multiplying his instances.
The epistles Ex Ponto are, I hear, coming into
reading again at our universities. Bohn gives the
citation, but without close reference. The Gradus
ad Parnassum of the old Jesuit Fathers contains
the verse inquired for by DR. EAMAGE, simply as
an example without reference. It was, no doubt,
a mediaeval proverb. HALTST FRISWELL.
LADY GRIZELL BAiLLiE < (4 th S. viii. 451 ; ix. 84.)
A long and interesting account of this excellent
lady may be found at pp. 546-587 of The Ladies of
the Covenant, by Eev. James Anderson, 1851,
Blackie and Son. It appears to be taken from
the book mentioned by T. G. S., with additions
from various sources. Probably the earliest ac-
count of her is that given in Wodrow's History of
the Sufferings of the Church of Scotland, iv. 505-
511. 1831.* See also Burke's Anecdotes of the
Aristoracy, i. 397 n., and Jesse, Court of England,
1688-1760, ii. 399. ' S. M. S.
u ]yj T THOUGHTS ARE RACKED " (4 th S. ix. 57.)
This quotation I about five years ago met with in
about twelve or sixteen very powerful decasyl-
labic verses, sent to me in a tract upon "Midnight
* The Wodrow Correspondence, ii. 606-608, issued in
1843 by the Wodrow Society, Edinburgh, gives Mr.
Wodrow's letter to the husband of this Iad3 r , sent with the
portion of the historv which related to her father. We
may therefore believe "it to be accredited by the family.
Meetings, or the Redemption of the Fallen." As
a helluo librorum I, like other readers of "N. & Q.,"
read much that comes in my way, and I was par-
ticularly struck with the power and harmony of
the lines. They purported to be the epitaph of a
poor girl dying of that which strong-minded
women are just now too loudly talking about, a
contagious disease, and reflecting in her last mo-
ments upon her sin and misery. I did not for an
instant believe them to be genuine; and read
them out, with the remark to a gentleman by my
side that the pen employed in that tract was a
strong one. But though I read, I am wicked
enough to own I do not preserve tracts, and I regret
very much that I did not copy the lines to be of
service to your querist. They so strongly re-
minded me of Churchill, both in power and in
ring, that I instinctively turned to the Conference
by that poet, where, at lines 219-236, 1 expected
to find the original :
" Look back ! a thought which borders on despair,
Which human nature must, yet cannot bear."
And so on, until
" The dread handwriting on the wall
Bids late remorse awake at reason's call ;
Arm'd at all points, bids scorpion-vengeance pass,
And to the mind holds up reflection's glass
The mind which, starting, heaves the heartfelt groan,
And hates the form she knows to be her own."
Neither, however, in Churchill's Author nor in
the Conference is the line in question ; but per-
haps some "omnivorous" reader will rescue from
the tract I allude to the powerful line cited.
HAIN FRISWELL.
WATCH PAPERS (4 th S. viii. 451, 539 ; ix. 83.)
A. E, will find the lines beginning " Onward, per-
petually moving," correctly quoted by me (2 nd S.
xi. 451). Of course "momentary" should be
:t monitory." I strongly -recommend the General
[ndex to (l N. & Q." for constant use.
U. N.
MAUTHER(4 th S. ix. 95.) This word is common
throughout the Eastern Counties " Mauther "
when speaking of, t( Maur " when speaking to,
the girl and only among the unlearned classes
who have preserved so much of the A.-S. lan-
guage which their more educated betters have
either lost or discarded as vulgar. " Here, rnaur,
take yeow this here gotch, an' goo an' buy a
mnner o' yist." Or, " Tell that there mauther
;o goo," &c. The derivation is pretty fully dis-
;ussed in Hall's Dialect and tyovincialisms of
East Anglia, at pp. 600-1 of his " Chapters on the
2ast Anglian Coast." It may be added that
3os worth (Cotnp. A.-S. Diet.), gives " Meawle,
meowle. an unmarried woman, maiden, damsel."
S. W. Rix.
Beccles.
" Sir Henry Spelman . . . assures us that . . . noble
irgins who were selected to sing the praises of heroes
168
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
[4> S. IX. Ficr,. i
' . . . were called scald-mners, q. d. singing mauthers
"... He complains that the old word nioer had been
corrupted t . with a very dif-
ferent v.-oni. V -a very effectually by
pronunciation, a: I w actually come very
near to the original word in the abbreviated form we use
in addressing a mauther. We commonly call her mau'r,
Dan. moer, Belg. modde, innupta puella." Forby's
Vocabulary of East Anriliu, vol. ii. p. 211, Lond. 1830."
JOSEPH Rix, M.D.
St. Xeot's.
[ W. T. M. refers CORXUB. to 1 st S. ii. 217, 365, 411, for
full references on this word. ED.]
TAAFFE FAMILY (4 th S. ix. 15, 102.) In the
Memoirs of this family, to which J. E. M. alludes,
the sources whence Sir W. Betham derived his
information in tabulating the pedigree are not fully
given. I might at once have adopted your corre-
spondent's suggestion, considering that I have only
seen a copy of the records in which the name
" Charles " is said to occur, but for the seeming
difficulties of identification, which I shall now
point out, as J. R. M. may have better oppor-
tunities than myself of consulting- the original
records.
1. The lands of Mansfield, co. Louth, were
granted in lease for ninety-nine years, July 15,
1669, by Theobald Earl of Carlingford, to "Charles
Taaffe and his wife, the Lady Susanna.*'
2. In connection with this transaction the lands
of Stephenstown and Ballyclare, co. Louth, are
subsequently mentioned.
3. Charles Taaffe, on Nov. 14, 1683, mortgaged
the lease to James Tindall.
4. On the other hand, Christopher Taaffe, hus-
band of Lady Susanna Plunket (according to the
Betham pedigree), was attainted in 1641 j and is
described as of Bally bragan, and afterwards of
Ballyneglegli, co. Sligo.
5. But the widow of Christopher Taaffe, at-
tainted in 1689, was named Sarah Kerdiffe j and
on marrying secondly Arthur Donelly, she claimed
her jointure, as relict of her former husband Chris-
topher Taaffe, from the lands of Ballyclare and
Stephenstown. This jointure she sold to George
Blythe, from whom it was purchased by Nicholas,
son of the said Christopher.
6. This Christopher had, besides Nicholas, an-
other son named Patrick ; whereas, according to
Sir W. Betham's pedigree, Christopher and the
Lady Susanna had only one son, viz. John Tnaffe
of ""jMandevillestown in Uriel, et Ballyneglagh in
Sligo . . . rapta 1641."
In the transactions relative to forfeited estates,
references will be found to the above, vide deeds
dated May 26, 1675, April 1 and June 27, 1697,
and May 15, 1699. S.
" WITH HELMET ON HIS BROW " (4 th S. ix. 15,
99.) I know nothing of any " Old Woman of
Romford," but the music to " With Helmet on
his Brow ' n was composed by Joseph Mayseder,
the once popular violinist of Vienna, whose ex-
hilarant productions were frequentlv played with
I great gusto by the late N. Mori, grea jlish
solo players. On p. 47 of The Harmoni
I it is called " Mayseder's popular ron;
! favourite air of < Le petit Tambour.' ? ' The v
were, I think, by G. W. Reeve.
CHIEF ERMINE.
I am obliged to DR. RIMBATLT for his courteous
and satisfactory reply; but I woul-
question : Is the air really French ? There seems
to me to be something peculiarly English -about
its construction. And may it not be an old country
tune, as I have been told, composed for the vul-
gar slang song called " The Old Woman of Rom-
ford"? The English song is much older than
forty years, and a barrel organ may have intro-
duced its melody into France. Many of our
English tunes have been introduced abroad by
the oryues dc. Hatfiane.. I have witnessed Itr
peasants dancing to the " College Hornpipe,'"
snapping their lingers and beating time to the
"Grand Conversation under the R<
Foreigners are very fond of asserting
have no music ; and yet I find that their c
posers are constantly prigging our tunes. I wit-
nessed a ballet at the Pagliano at Florence, in
which the " College Hornpipe " was introduced,
and danced by ..ilorsj and yet the play-
bill stated that the music was by' Ferrari,
composer of the opera of Pipele. I shall not f. >
that ballet : for, in one of the scenes which repre-
sented the bottom of the sea, some red lobsters
were crawling about ! However, in justice to
audience, I must state that the Italians laughed*
heartily at such a ludicrous exhibition: ail'!.
a second representation, the yules gave plac
sable. STEPHEN ,
The author of the words of this song is the
well-known writer and dramatist J. R. Plan
Esq., and the melody is adapted by G. W. R-
to the popular air, ' Je suis le petit Tambour."
F. R.
MONTALT BARONS (4 th S. viii. passim ; ix.
One last word on this subject. I have just lighted,
by accident, on a quotation from Stow (his>S>'
of London, I presume, though that is not sta:
which I beg for space to record.
It appears that there was, perhaps still "
parish in the city of London called St. Mary
Mounthaw. Speaking of it Stow write.? :
' ; On the west side of Old Fish Street Hill is I
of Hereford's Inn or Losing, which some time bel
1 to the Mounthaute-i (-V) iu Norfolk. liadulph::
Maydenstone bought it of the Mounthautes Next
I adjoining is the parish church of St. Mary de Monte
j Alto, or Mounthault (sic'), a very small church, built at
the first to be a chapel to the said house."
Then he speaks of "Edward Fox. who
' buried in St. Marv Mounthaw."
4* S. IX. FJ-;I:. 21, 72.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
169
Here we liave the connecting link which in my
first note I suggested was wanting a form of the
name signifying High Mount or Hill, of which
De Monte Alto was merely the translation ; and
thus we have Monhaut, Mounthault, Mounthaute,
Mohaut, Mouat, and Mowat, but 4i Montalt " no-
where discoverable. C. E. D.
"HAPPY THE MAN/' ETC. (4 th S. ix. 57.) The
translation is by Dr. Maginn, and will be found
in the Autobiography of William Jerdan, iii. 05.
London : Arthur Hall, Virtue, & Co.. 1853.
C. T. B.
THE LOED BOQUEKI (4 th S. ix. 74.) Who his
lordship was is more than I can answer, but I
presume that he was a relative of Peter Bokanki,
of whom we used to say " Like Peter Bokanki,
who buttoned his coat 'behind to keep his belly
warm." At the Skipton Grammar School, when
a scholar complained of cold weather, we always
advised him to follow the example of " Peter
Bokanki, who," &c. I have heard the same saying
at Durham.
The above is the only reply that I can give to
H. W T . D., in whose phraseology I conclude my
note : " The spelling may be incorrect, but I have
given it as pronounced." STEPHEN JACKSON.
PUTTOCK (4 th S. ix. 119.) That the puttock
was synonymous with the kite is proved by the
following stanza from the Faerie Qucene (book T.
canto 5) :
[" Like as a puttocke having spyde in sight
A gentle faulcon sitting on a "hill,
Whose other wing, now made unnieete for flight,
Was lately broken by some fortune ill ;
The foolish kyte, led with licentious will,
Doth beat upon the gentle bird in vaine,
With many idle stoups her troubling still :
Even so did Radjgund with bootlesse paine
Annoy this noble knight, and sorely him constraine.''
In Ilalliwell's Dictionary, sub voce, is the fol-
lowing extract from Marriage of Witt and Wis-
dbtwe, 1579 :
" I am a greate travelir.
I lite on the dunghill like a puttock !
Nay, take me with a lye,
And cut out the brane of my but:
Both the kite and the buzzard were reckoned
among the ignoble birds of prey. From the con-
formation of their wings rapid flight is rendered
impossible, and almost every bird, when in sound
condition, could easily escape from their pursuit.
Hence they chiefly live on accidental carnag .
are especially pitiless with wounded birds, no
matter of what species. On the confines of Ex-
nioor the kite is still the terror of poultry-keepers.
J. CHARLES Cox.
Hazelwood, Bslper.
Puttock was certainly used for the kite by
Shakespeare :
" War. Who finds the partridge in the/?///
But may imagine how the bird was dead,
Although the kite soar with unbloodied beak?
Even so suspicious is this tragedy.
Q. Mar. Are you the butcher, Suffolk ? where's your
knife ?
i Is][Beaufort termed a kite ? where arc his talons ? ''
2 Hen. VL, Act III. Sc. 2.
The words "kite" and "buzzard" were, how-
I ever, often used indiscriminately.
W. E. FISHER.
r Harrow.
CHANGE or BAPTISMAL NAMES (4 th S, viii.
i passim ; ix. 19, 100.) In France the change of
1 baptismal names is not so uncommon as we might
suppose. P. A. L. has given an instance of this.
I would add two that are well known. "Paul "
Delaroche was not baptized Paul, but Hippolyte-;
Achille de St. Arnaud, the Crimean French mar-
shal, was not baptized Achille. But that such
changes of baptismal names were made in Eng-
land during the seventeenth century does not as
yet seem to be proved. With respect to the asser-
tion in Macfarlane's History of England (xii. 197),
referred to by MR. BUCKTON (4 th . S. viii. 381), we
know that the names there cited as fictitious, and
as the invention of one clergyman, were nothing
of the kind. They were all real names and belong
J to the first twenty years of the seventeenth cen-
i tury. "Accepted " was the name of Archbishop
! Frewen, who must have been born early in that
; century; "Redeemed" is found as a Christian
1 name in the parish register of Chiddingly, Sussex ;
i " Faint-not " is a name in the same register, and
I likewise in the registers of Maresfield, Sussex.
\ <; Makepeace " has survived unto our own times,
! having been borne by Thackeray as one of his
Christian names.
In the parish accounts of Milton-next-Sitting-
bourne the names "Sylence" and "Repentance"
occur. In 1653 " Sylence Coale " was paid ten
shillings "for 3 daies work by his man and a
labourer at the rnarkett-kouse," and in 1691 occurs
the entry "Item, paid Repentance Stonehouse
for a hedgehogg 00. 00. 02."
In the Sitting-bourne register we find the burial
of " Increased " Collins. His tombstone states that
lie was a near relative of Archbishop Parker, and
that he died in 1665, aged sixty-two. The writer
of his epitaph was puzzled as to how to render in
Latin this name " Increased," so he got over the
difficulty by placing upon the stone the initial
only.
In the registers of Borden, Kent, I find the
Christian names " Godly " and " Attained."
Godly Philpott, widow, was buried on Oct. 26,
1619 ; and a son of Thomas and Susannah Ware
was baptized Attained on May 22, 1726. In the
same register occur the curious female names
" Petronella," 1598 ; "Nem,"1560; " Nothaniy,"
170
NOTES AND QUERIES.
S. IX. FEB. 24, 72.
1602; "Gillian," 1616; " Hephzibah," 1778;
"Bathsheba," 1788 ; " Levia," 1780, and " Sedu-
lia," 1792. W. A. S. R.
SNATCHES or OLD TUNES (4 th S. viii. 350, 457 ;
ix. 62.) E. L. S. and H. B. HYDE, JUN., are very
much mistaken if they suppose that the Irish
song; of " Castle Hyde*" has only existed in MS.
until MR. H. B. HYDE, JUN., printed a version in
"N. & Q." It has long been a common street
song in all parts of Great Britain and Ireland;
and I have a slip copy that was given to me by
Crofton Croker. It is at least forty years old.
I have heard it sung in the Durham market-place
over and over again ; and I know that it has long
been a standard ballad of the Seven Dials. So much
for this rare ballad. With respect to the motto
appended to MR. HYDE'S version in " N. & Q.," I
will take this opportunity of saying that I have
always considered we should read runes instead
of " tunes." Ophelia (a Dane) chanted portions
of old ballads, which in Scandinavia would be
old runes. "Tunes" seems to me a printer's
erratum. STEPHEN JACKSON.
Miss WARD (4 th S. ix. 96.) Anna Jane Ward,
the author of Ihe Buried Bride and other Poems,
and also the translator of Memorie Acerbe ed
Quorate, from the Italian of the Marchese Dome-
nico Nicolai, died at Southampton April 1846.
H.W.
1 BURNS'S " TRENTICE HAN' " (4 th S. ix. 91.) In
the Decameron, the sixth tale of the sixth day is
entitled
" Pruova Michele Scalza a certi giovani come i Baronci
sono i piu gentili uoniini del mondo o di maremma, e
viuce una cena,"
The assertion is made
" i Baronci furon fatti da Domeneddio al tempo che egli
aveva comminciato d' apparare a dipignere ; ma gli altri
uomiiii furon fatti poscia che Domeneddio seppe dipi-
gnere."
And the well-known uncomeliness of the Baronci,
stated to be " si come sogliono essere i visi che
fanno da prima i fanciulli che apparano a dise-
gnere," is allowed in proof. Is not a translation of
some of the tales more likely to have fallen into
Burns's hand than the IVhirligig ? Did not Mar-
tinelli's edition, published in London in 1766J
give some impulse to the spread of the knowledge
of the Decameron that may have extended to
Ayrshire ? . C.
CHRISTMAS MAGISTRATE IN THE ACADEMICAL
SATURNALIA (4 th S. ix. 126.) From a work en-
titled College Life in the Time of James /., as
illustrated by a Diary of Sir Symonds D'Eives, 1851,
it appears that the Christmas entertainments at
St. John's College, Cambridge, were under the
superintendence of an official personage whose
authority extended over the whole festivity of
twelve days ; and also that, down to the present
time, one of the fellows of that college is usually
elected to preside over the Christmas hospitalities
in the Combination room. It is also suggested
that we may recognise in this officer the " once-
important Master of the Bevels the Abbot or
Lord of Misrule." As a classical appellation Dr.
Dee's would not be inappropriate. C. G.
BEER-JUG INSCRIPTIONS (4 th S. viii. passim;
ix. 20.) Lately I came across a pair of jugs with
the following " toast " inscribed on each :
" Here's to the wind that blows,
And the ship that goes,
And the boy that fears no danger,
A ship in full" sail,
And a fine pleasent (sic) gale,
And a girl that loves a sailor."
TEDCAR.
STERNHOLD AND HOPKINS (4 th S. viii. 373, 466 ;
ix. 58.) It would seem from the communication
of G. W. N. as if the earliest edition of the Old
Version of the Psalms, which assigns the author-
ship of the " Old Hundredth " to Hopkins, bears
date 1611. Such, however, is not the case, as I
possess a copy dated 1587 (" London : Printed by
H.-Denham, for the Assignes of Richard Day"),
in which the initials prefixed to that psalm are
"J.H." A. R.L.
Miss EDGEWORTH (4 th S. viii. 451, 557; ix. 101.)
See various references to Mr. and Miss Maria Edge-
worth, &c., in the Leadbeater Papers. Also, see
the Index to Lockhart's Life of Sir Walter Scott.
The Athenceum, Jan. 18, 1862, ft 85, gives some
particulars of " the old Mansion Tempo, co. Fer-
managh," evidently the scene of Castle Rackrent,
which about that time was taken down and re-
built. S. M. S.
CLARE'S REMAINS (4 th S. ix. 93.) It is to be
presumed there is good authority for believing
that Clare did realty hear his father and mother
sing the ballads which he "wrote down," and
which Mr. Cherry purposes to print. But is the
interesting editor aware that the Northampton-
shire poet was a fabricator of quasi-old poetry ?
On this subject vide letters from him on pp. 96
and 175, vol. iv. of Memoirs of James Montgomery.
J. H.
" where have ye been, Lord Randal, my son ? "
is the first line of the ballad of " Lord Randal,"
printed in The Legendary Ballads of England and
Scotland, edited by John S. Roberts, London,
F. Warne & Co., 1868. G. P. C.
" Lord Randall" is well known, and I should
leave it out. With the others I am not acquainted.
Though we can no more form an opinion of a song
or ballad by a "first line" than we can of a
house by the exhibition of a brick (vide Hierocles),
there is something that smatters of good in the
4* s. IX. FEB. 24, 72.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
171
" false knight " and other bits, and I shall buy
MB. CHERRY'S book. JAMES HENRY DIXON.
" ONCE AT A POTENT LEADER'S VOICE " : " THIS
BABBLING STREAM " (4 th S. ix. 92.) The former
inscription is by William Hamilton of Bangour.
See Chalmers' Poets, vol. xv. p. 620. The latter is
by Richard Graves. See his Euphrosyne; or,
Amusements on the Road of Life, 1783, vol. i.
p. 301. H. P. D.
GAY= WANTON (4 th S. viii. 548; ix. 82.) The
English and French euphuisms of gay ladies and
filles de joie are curiously correlative, but not
without precedent : Shakspere applied their im-
pudicities to the Grecian "daughters of the
game ; " and our nocturnal revellers, unconsciously
it may be, adopt the Latin designation of their
Haymarket Messalina while discussing her merry
tricks. E. L. S.
GRADUAL DIMINUTION or PROVINCIAL DIA-
LECTS (4 th S. viii. passim; ix. 86.) P. P. is
advised to read the preface to " Slaadburn Faar "
4 tb S. viii. 362) for some remarks on this sub-
ject. I agree with P. P. as to the general cha-
racter of "Penny Readings" in the North of
England. The <( readers " in many cases seem to
have no better source than Enfield's Speaker,
Hodgson's Pleasing Instructor, and similar anti-
quated works. From a provincial paper I find
that in a certain town, amongst the " Penny Read-
ings" were "Parson and Dumplings/' "The
Three Black Crows,]' &c. At the same intellec-
tual treat a "chorister of the cathedral" sang
11 Never eat Tripe on a Friday/' which " elicited
roars of laughter." From my knowledge of penny
readings I must say that the dialect pieces ob-
jected to by P. P. are often the best, and the gems
of the evening. I should be sorry to see them
wholly cast aside, but let us have them blended
with modern literature of the " best and highest
class/' and hear no more of " dumplings," " crows,"
or " tripe." N.
REV. ANTHONY DAVIDSON, M.A. (4 th S. ix.
93.) I knew this worthy man well for many
years. He taught me to write, and to make arti-
ficial flies, he being a master of the piscatorial
art, and wisely following the Horatian maxim
miscuit utile dulci. Of his literary productions I
can say but little, simply that I remember he
published by subscription the Poems of Ossian,
" done into blank verse," a copy of which I possess,
and which I verily believe was the last effort of
his ill-requited muse. He was for five-and-twenty
years curate in sole charge of the parishes of
Pamerham and Martin, Wilts, and ended his days
at the former village, where he was also buried,
on Jan. o, 1833, greatly respected, yet an over-
worked, underpaid, and neglected man, cetatis suce
seventy-nine. W. S.
PSALM cix. (4 th S. ix. 95.) The heading of
Psalm cix. is no doubt owing to the ignorance of
a printer in the first instance. All the headings
are from the Vulgate, and it ought to be " Deus
laudem"; but the would-be learned printer or
reviser, looking to the English only " God of
my praise" took upon himself to substitute
" laudwm." The Septuagint has " rty alveaiv ^ov
W fficoTr-fjffris," and this rendering (pace Mr. Mac
Lachlan), I believe, accurately represents the He-
brew sense. The Psalmist appeals to the Al-
mighty to vindicate him by proclaiming the truth
concerning him against the slanders of the wicked :
Speak Thou the truth concerning me, because the
ungodly speak falsehood.
There is a misprint in the article in p. 95. It
should be " tacemis," not " tacweris."*
HERBERT RANDOLPH.
P.S. It is strange that the Oxford and Cam-
bridge doctors should have permitted the error.
NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.
The Old Cheque Book, or Book of Remembrance of the
Chapel Royal, from 1561 to 1744. Edited from the
Original MS. preserved among the Muniments of the
Chapel Royal, St. James's Palace, by Edward Rim-
bault, LL.D., &c. (Printed for the Camden Society.)
The interesting volume here printed, which is the
third of the New Series of the Publications of the Cam-
den Society, contains a curious history of the Chapel
Royal, St. James's for nearly two centuries, as recorded
in the book kept by the Clerk of the Cheque for the time
being. It was the duty of this officer to keep an account
of the attendance, and to note the absence of the priests
and gentlemen, in order to lay the same before the Dean
or Subdean, and to record all rules and regulations made
by the Dean and Chapter for the government of the
chapel. But the book before us, which seems from the
irregularity with which the entries are inserted more like
a common-place book than an official record, contains
many curious and minute particulars of Royal Ceremo-
nies, Funerals, Coronations, Churchings, Baptisms, Royal
and Noble Marriages, &c. ; many of these entries being
of great historical value. While many of them, as may
well be imagined, throw great light on the changes in-
troduced from time to time in the performance of divine
service in the Chapel Royal, they are also especially
rich in biographical notices of eminent musicians and
poets, often supplying new and valuable dates ; and Dr.
Rimbault, who has long paid special attention to this
subject, has been very successful in turning this portion
of the work to good account, and illustrating it with his
notes of which it indeed may be said, generally, they are
all pertinent and instructive. From the irregularity of the
entries, to which we have already alluded, Dr. Rimbanlt
has had to recast his materials ; and nothing will better
show the amount of curious information which inquirers
into such matters will find in the book before us than an
enumeration of the heads into which the editor has
u ivided them. They are I. Appointments and Obituary
Notices of the Sub- Deans, Priests, Organists, and Gentle-
[* This is no misprint ; the Vulgate has tacueris. ED.]
172
NOTES AND QUERIES.
S. IX. FEB. 24, 72.
men; II. Farther Notices of the same; III. Duperal of
Pav-iieuts due to deceased Gentlemen ; IV. Records of
Suits for Additional Pay ; V. Orders, Decrees, and Re-
ids referring to Gentlemen ; VI. Copies of Royal
raits and Privy Seals; VII. Resignations, Dismis-
sal-, and Petitions ; VIII. Oaths of Subdean, Gentlemen,
IX. Benevolence to the Gentlemen ; X. Records of
the Chapel Feast ; XI. Appointments of the Deans ; XII.
The Names of the Sub -deans, Priests, and Gentlemen at
various Coronations ; XIII. Notices appertaining to the
Serjeants, Yeomen, Grooms, and other Officers; XIV.
Further Notices of the same ; XV. Royal Ceremonies ;
XVI. Royal and Noble Marriages ; XVII. Royal and
Noble Baptisms, Churchings, Confirmations, &c. ; and
lastly, XVIII. Forms of Prayer, &c. The Camden So-
are greatly indebted to Lord Sydney and the
Bishop of London, who have permitted them to print
this curious record, and to Dr. Rimbault for the admirable
manner in which he has edited it.
Miscellanies. Collected and Edited by Earl Stanhope.
Second Series. (Murray.)
If it be true of most scholars and men of letters that
they frequently come across historical memoranda and
literary illustrations too valuable to be laid aside, yet
too small to form a volume, it is especially true of one
who, like the noble lord whose work is now before us,
enjoys the advantage of high social position, and an inti-
macy with the most distinguished men of the day. Like
his former volume, which derived some of its interest
from his friendship with the Duke of Wellington and Sir
Robert Peel, it is chiefly valuable for its illustration of
history, as the names of Mr. Pitt, Mr. Canning, Prince
Metternich, and Louis Napoleon will serve to prove ;
while the curious illustrations of Lady Wortley Mon-
tague's detention in Brescia, and of the sad story of
Major Andre, and the names of Lord Macaulay and Mr.
Hallam illustrate 'its literary value.
GUILDHALL, LIBRARY. The erection of the new
library having made considerable progress, it has become
- : ary, in order to construct the corridor with the
hnent Rooms beneath for the preservation of the
-ds of the Corporation, to pull down the present
building. -It has therefore been determined by the Com-
mittee to close the library on and after the 1st of March
next for a period of about three months, which will enable
.ibrarian and bis assistants to re-arrange the whole
tion.
BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES
WANTED TO PURCHASE.
r ars of Price, &c.. of the following books to be sent direct to
nen by whom they are re<iuired, whose named and addresses
. for that purpose :
MAUMIOX. Original Quarto Edition, published in
Wanted by Rev. John /','</. /;,,v/, .!/..!., Hungate Street, Pickering,
Yorkshire.
roil, INDEXES TO THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE, irsi to isis.
\ QUARTERLY REVIEW. Nos. 12, 13, lf>, arfd 16.
Wanted by .U;-. Thomas Eyre, Hayfield, near Stockport.
'IKJAL ACCOUNT OF THE BENGAL NATIVE IXFAXTRY, by Cap-
LII William*.
TORE'S HIST. llox. ARTILLERY COMPANY OP
fDOK.
.-.!/"/<;/ l-'kin in'i, 113, Marine Parade, Brighton.
HISTORY OF GREEK AXD ROMAN PHILOSOPHY AND SCIENCE, by
Bishop Blornfield, Rev. Dr. Whewell, Rev. Dr. Newman and others.
Wanted by 3// , ', Grenville Street, Brunswick Square, W.C.
CLAUDE'S LIBER VEIUTATIS. :< \
' :'s SnitoPSHiRK. Tart I.
ALE'S WARWICKSHIRE. Folio.
Wanted by I On. Doiniina <?' C'o., Birmingham.
;K RIGHT REV. JOHX S. RAVEXSCROFT, D.D.. late
Bicbop of North Carolina. Vol.11. Published by "the Xew York
.1 Press " (.about 1830) in two vol.s.
Wanted by /I". (/. Dickinson, L's'/., Roseraount, I-Iamp-lead. X.W.
W. II. HART OX Till'. EARLY MA .-!> Iv
x:.. Elkins: Lombard Stref.
'. : iimouth. Northumberland.
ta
We are compelled to postpone until next week some of
our Notes on Books, *e.
M. M. L. "Aired 1 ' is not a Scotticism. In Worcester's
Dictionary, s. v. " Air," our Correspondent will find this
definition : " To expose to the air," as " to air beds or gar-
ments.'''
T. W. M. (West Troy, U. S.) Can our Correspondent
procure for us a carte of Lieut. Lahrbush ?
H. S. S. The portraits of most, if not all, of the gentle-
men inquired after have been engraved, and may be obtained
at low ])rices. Apply to J. Stenson, 15, Kino's PI act.
King's Road, Chelsea, and A. Nicholls, 5, Green Street.
Leicester Square.
T. E. S. For early lists of members of the legal p.
sion consult "N. & Q." 2 ud S. xi. 515 f xii. 51 1 ; :
iii. 126. The law library of Lincoln's Inn is the best in
London.
BENEDICT. T/co instances of the ancient Scottish custom
of taking a roife on trial will be found in " N. it Q." 1 st S.
G. J. II. The case of Margaret de Camoys, who, with
her chattels and goods,' was sold by Tier husband, may be
found in GrimaldVs Origines Genealogies, Lond. 1828,
pp. 22, 23 ; and in " N. & Q." 1" S. vii. 602.
T. E. The verses on the fly-leaf of a Bible, erroneously
attributed to Lord Byron, are by Sir Walter Scott, Monas-
tery, chap. xii. They are spoken by the White Lady of
Avenel.
W. A. S. It. Nine articles on the pronunciation of
' ; Cnwper '" appeared in vols. iv. to viii. of our First .'
and two on that of" Cucumber" in the 3 rd S. ii.
FRANCIS M. JACKSON (Manchester). The verse will
be found in Oliver Goldsmith's poem " Edwin, and Anqc-
lina."
C. YV. PEXSY (Wellington College). Muriel, as a
Christian name, has been discussed in " N. it Q." 3 rd S. vi.
168, 200, 239, 278, 404, 444, 518 ; vii. 82.
FELIX ARXHEIM. In the Oxford Bible, 1717, the.
tvord vinegar is printed instead of vineyard in the running
head-line of Luke xxii. See " N. & Q." 2 nd S. iv. 291, 33o.
M. II. COTTOX (Ramsgate). The article on the Mar-
quis of Mo?itrose appeared in tht. Quarter! v Review, vol.
Ixxix'. pp. 1 to 60, Dec. 1846.
A. S. The hard porcelain, found at Rue de Popincourt,
Paris, in 1780, by Le Maire, tvas bought in 1783 by JVast,
who marked it with his name.
E. T. (Patching.) Your paper shall appear.
\Y. B. R. L. (Netting Hill.) You had better defer your
answer altogether till other replies have appeared. '
Ax OLD COLLECTOR (Glasgow). Send address to
J. NV. F. at Brighton.
NOTICE.
We beg leave to state that we decline to return communications
which,for any reason, we do not print; and to this rule we can make uo
exception.
All communications should be addressed to the Editor at the Office,
43, Wellington Street, W.C.
To all communications should be affixed the name and address of
ier.not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good
4 th S. IX. MAKCH 2, 72.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
173
LONDON, SATURDAY, MARCH 2, 1872.
CONTENTS. NO 218.
NOTES : Colonel Archibald Strachan, 173 Folk Lore.
174 _ Geeran the aliened Centenarian, 175 John Heywood
and Geoffrey Chaucer. 177 "Airy Shell": "Comus,"
lino 281 Defcndo English Physicians in Switzerland
Play the Boar " Out in the Cold " Oysters for Aistres
Stamp used instead of the Sign Manual of Henry VIII.
178.
QUERIES : Holyrood Pictures, 179 "Ballad Archbishop
Black Imrue Canada Dauforth Domestic Chapels
Sir John Eliot Heraldic Hotch Pot Inquisitiones
Post Mortem Jews-harp " Legambilis " " Nee bene
fecit, nee male fecit, sed interfecit" Nevison the High-
wayman Panado or Pa vado Quotations Plurals
Revolution of 1688 Society of Ancient Deists : Spiritual-
ism in 1780 "Tavole Moderne di Geografia " Tudor
House at Wimbledon Ulva latissima "Wooden Nut-
megs," 179.
BEPLIES: O'Dohnrty's Maxims, 182 -Wicked: Mediant,
Jb. " Old Baps," 18i> Austrian Polish Women wearing
Wigs Longevity Bell Inscriptions Bows in Bonnets
Rev. Mr. Moultrie " To play Hell and Tommy " The
Hundreds of Folborough, Wye, &c. Nelson's Punctuality
Seals of Oliver Cromwell Deer used in Sacrifice
Black Rain The Princess -Elizabeth Illuminating
" As straight as a Die " Dorsetshire Rammilk Round
Towers of Norfolk "Whether the Prejudices in favour
of Gold," &c. Saulies Linguistic Children Inscrip-
tions in Old Books The Erf King Persecution of the
Heathens Heraldic Myfamvy Rubens's " Susannah
and the Elders" Time Immemorial " Progress," &c.
Miss Edgeworth Invasion of Switzerland by the English
"England expects every Man," &c., 183.
Notes on Books, &c.
COLONEL ARCHIBALD STRACHAN.
" It is singular," says Mr. Hill Burton in his History
of Scotland, " that of this man, who. seemed for a few
months to have the destinies of the country in his keep-
ing, so little should be known. His name is not to be
found in any biographical dictionary. He went just a
step beyond the place assigned for "Scots worthies, and
so was neither commemorated as friend or enemy."
Vol. vii. p. 293.
lie was a native of the ancient burgh of Mus-
selburgh, near Edinburgh, where his family have
flourished for many generations, as the local re-
cords testify. Lament, in his Diary (p. 27), calls
him a " Musselbrou^h man borne." By all account,
his early life was wild and dissolute ; but having
amended "his once very low life," says Baillie
(Letters, iii. 112-3), "he 'inclined much in opinion
towards the Sectaries, and having joined Cromwell
at Preston . . . continued with them to the king's
death."
On November 17, 1643, he appears in the
parish register of Inveresk as a witness to the
baptism of Archibald, son of Thomas Smith, por-
tioner of Inveresk, and Isabel Strachan his sister.
He is described as " Archibald Strauchane, Captain
in the Parliament's army." He is next heard of
as an able soldier and servant of the Scottish
Parliament. On Montrose's landing in the North
in 1650, Strachan, described by Malcolm Laing
as " a distinguished Sectary, who had defeated
Middleton's late insurrection " (iii. 417), was seht
against him with three hundred horse, David
Leslie following with four thousand men. The
result of the unfortunate skirmish at Corbie's
Dale is well known. Sir Jas. Balfour (iv. 9)
describes it graphically enough :
" L l Colonell Strachan persewed them into the woode,
and at the first charge made them all to rune ....
did executione one them for 5 or 6 myles, euen until!
sunne sett. He receiued a shotte vpon his belley, bot
lighting vpone the double of his belte & buffe coate, did
not pierce."
At p. 70 of the same volume, it is recorded that
the Parliament-, on July 3, 1650, gave him and
Lieut.-Col. Ptobert Hacket "from the housse
hartie thankes."
Only four weeks later, viz. on July 31, Crom-
well's troops lying near his native village, Mussel-
burgh, Balfour tells us that
" Gen.-Maior Rob. Montgomery & Colonell Straqu-
hane led out a pairtey against the enimey of 2000 horsse
<fe 500 foote, & beate'him souncllie ; & if he [qu. they?]
had had 1000 more, they had routed his quhole armey.
The killed to him 5 Colonells and L.-Colonells, mortiy
woundit L.-Gen. Lambert and aboue 500 souldiers, and
returned with no grate losse." Vol. iv. p. 87.
Lambert was not mortally wounded; he re-
covered, and lived for many years afterwards.
Strachan's mind appears, like those of too many
of the leading men of that stormy period, to have
been warped and twisted with all sorts of wild
ideas on religious matters. " At this time," says
Baillie (loc. cit.\ "many of his old doubts revive
in him." He was, as we have seen, "an awak-
ened sinner; one of those whose early life was
burdened with such a weight of sin that they
feel as if all the world ought to do penance for
it" (Hill Burton, loc. citS). He kept aloof now
from king and Cromwell alike, and soon after
took command of the considerable army raised by
the "Remonstrants'' or "Protesters," otherwise
" the wild Westland Whigs," then lying at Dum-
fries. These men objected to the "young man
Charles Stuart " on the score of his not being a
sound Covenanter. There is no evidence to show
that Strachan wished to play into his old leader
Cromwell's hands; though it is most likely, at
least if we are to believe Wodrow, that Cromwell
was most anxious to secure him, and made him
the most flattering offers. Some of his followers
had a skirmish with a part of Cromwell's army
at Hamilton ; yet soon after the Estates, with the
king at their head, instituted a prosecution against
him as an abettor of the enemy. (See " Summons
against Col. Archibald Strachan, Walter Dundar
of that Ilk, and others," Scotch Ads, vi. 548).
Worse and worse they never did things by
halves in those days on January 12, 1651, the
day on which Lieut.-General Middleton was re-
laxed from his penance, in sackcloth, in Dunda
church
174
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[4 th S. IX. MARCH 2, 72.
" Colonell Archbald Straquhan was excommunicat and
deliuered to the deiuall in the churche of Perthe by M"
Alexander Rollocke." Balfour, op. cit.
Wodrow (Analecta, ii. 86) says that this " sin-
gular Christian's heart was much broken witt
that sentence, and that he sickened and died
within a while." He says further, on the authority
of Strachan's brother-in-law Thomas Warner, or
Vernor, minister of Balmaclellan a famous
Covenanting hero that, so far from being an
abettor of Cromwell, Strachan had refused the
most tempting offers ; one of which was the com-
mand of all the Parliament forces in Scotland,
which Cromwell made to him.
In the Burgh Court Book of Musselburgh, under
date May 7, 1655, is a discharge :
" Issobel Strachane, with consent of Thomas Smyth,
portioner of Inneresk, her spouse, Jonet, Bessie, Helene,
& Margaret Strachanes, all lawful sisters, and appeirand
executrices to umq le Collonell Archibald Strachane, in
favour of Robert Strachane, baillie, their brother, of all
that they could claim of goods, money, etc., in terms of
the Testament of the said umq le Collonell Archibald
Strachane."
Thomas Smith was one of the leading inhabit-
ants of Inveresk, and was appointed a justice of
the peace under a commission of the Parliament
in 1656. By his wife Isobel Strachan he had ten
sons and four daughters all of whose births are
recorded in the parish register. Isobel Strachan
died at the birth of her thirteenth child in 1653 ;
and Thomas Smith married for his second wife
Margaret Watsone. (See an imperfect sketch,
"The Smiths in Inveresk," N. & Q." 4 th S. iii.
166, which I hope some day to be able to expand.)
Which of the above-named sisters, if it was one
of them, married Thomas Warner, I have not
ascertained. Thomas Warner's brother Patrick,
who was minister of Irvine, purchased the pro-
perty of Ardeer, and was the founder of the
family which now flourishes. His only daughter,
Margaret, was the wife of Robert Wodrow the
historian.
From the fact of Thomas Warner having been
generally known in his parish and in contem-
porary history as Vernor. and from his connection
with the Strachans, it appears highly probable
that these Warners, or Vernors, were descended
from the old family of that name which has long
flourished in Inveresk and its neighbourhood.
F, M. S.
FOLK LORE.
NORTH DEVON FOLK LORE : CURE FOR TOOTH-
ACHE. Go to a churchyard and bite a tooth out
of the skull of a woman, and you will never be
troubled with toothache. A gentleman of middle
age residing in North Devon vividly remembers
being taken as a child by his nurse into a church-
yard where a grave was being dug, and his horror
on her procuring a skull which was turned up
and bidding him try to bite a tooth out of it.
PELAGIUS.
LINCOLNSHIRE FOLK LORE : SIGNS OF CHANGE
IN THE WEATHER. My clerk informed me while
leaving church on a recent Sunday that the
weather was going to change : gl the pigs were
tossing up straw in the yard, the turnip-sheep
rushing about, and the beasts (Anglic^ bullocks)
fighting with each other." Of course the weather
did not change, but I thought of the same belief
in Virgil's time ; for fine weather, he tells us
" non ore solutos
Immundi meminere sues jactare maniplos,"
and in imminent bad weather the pecudes are
fates. (Georgics, i. 399, 423.) PELAGIUS.
PLOUGH-DAY SERMON AND DINNER. In the
Stamford Mercury for Feb. 2, under the heading
" Melton Mowbray/! is an account of an annual
dinner on Jan. 17, "the only public dinner given
in the town, and towards which much interest is
manifested." It was presided over by the vicar
of the parish. The newspaper in question gives
the following account of the origin of this dinner :
" The dinner originated from the will of Mr. Hudson,
founder of the Bede House, who bequeathed the sum of
20*. for the preaching of a sermon on the first Sunday
after the 17th of January, and 20s. for the refreshing of the
vicar, churchwardens, and their friends."
This custom appears worthy of a notice in these
pages. CUTHBERT BEDE.
PROPHECIES RELATING TO ENGLAND. I tran-
scribe the following from a curious old book :
"Anno 1666. Magna calamitas, Saturno per Horo-
scopum transeunte, eius quadrato per decimam.
Anno 1691. Magna Reipublicse turbatio, corde Scorpij
transeunte per decimam.
Anno 1705. Adversa omnia, quia planetae transeunt
per suas oppositiones.
Annus 1756 minatur maximum excidium quia Horo-
scopus peruenit ad corpus Saturni, et fit transitus & signo
ae'reo in terreum sibi contrarium.
Circa ann. 1884. Maxima aduersitas, quia tune mun-
dus peruenit ad gradum septimum Scorpij, quadratum
Anglise." Astrologies Nova Methodus Francisci Allan
Arabis Christiani. Anno M.DC.LIIII. p. 62.
The " magna calamitas " for 1666 was a great
ait, as this proved to be the year pf the Fire ; the
;hree following shots are rather wide of the mark.
We have yet to see what 1884 has in store for us.
WILLIAM BATES, B.A.
Birmingham.
SINGULAR CUSTOM. In the island of Telos,
one of the Sporades group, there exists a local
custom which prevents most of the younger girls
rom marrying. The dowry of the mother is given
;o the eldest daughter, and that of the father to
he eldest son, whom the second daughter is also
>bliged to serve during all her lifetime. If there
are other daughters they are left to a miserable
"ate, as, having no money or property, they can-
4 th S. IX. MARCH 2, '72.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
175
not tind husbands. Under these circumstances it
\6 scarcely to be wondered at that the population
of the island is not on the increase. (See Consular
Reports, No. 1. of 1871. Vice-Consul Biliotti on
the " Trade and Commerce of the Sporades.")
PHILIP S. KING.
Parliament Street.
WHALES' " RIBS." It appears to be among
" things not generally known," that these are
jaw bones, which in whales are about one-third
the length of the entire body. They show the
aperture for the maxillary artery, vein, and nerve,
but no teeth ; the place of these being supplied
by the huge fringes of " whalebone " that entangle
the small marine creatures on which the whales
subsist. J. T. F.
Hatfield Hall, Durham.
FINGER CAKES. In the ancient town of Llan-
twit Major a custom prevails of making at Christ-
mas finger cakes, that is cakes made in the form
of a hand, on the back of which is a little bird.
What is the origin of this custom, -and does it
prevail in any other part of the kingdom.?
R. & M.
DORSETSHIRE FOLK LORE. When a man is
hung, he is said to be stabbed with a Bridport
dagger. The saying originated from the quantity
of flax grown there. People who are unneigh-
bourly are said to be as far apart as Lewsdon Hill
from Pillesdon (or Pilsdon) Pen j the latter is an
old Roman encampment. These two hills are
known to seamen as the " Cow and Calf. 2 '
JUNII NEPOS.
GEERAN THE ALLEGED CENTENARIAN.
Since the publication in " N. & Q." of Feb. 10
(ante, p. 108) of my notice of Thomas Geeran,
the alleged centenarian of Brighton, I have had
handed to rne the results of an inquiry into his
case. It is so exhaustive and complete a demo-
lition of the series of falsehoods by which Geeran
imposed upon the benevolent, that I think it de-
serves publication without alteration or abridg-
ment. WILLIAM J. THOMS.
40, St. George's Square, S.W.
THOMAS GEERAN AN IMPOSTOR.
Remarks on the statements contained in a book called
" Longevity : The Life of Thomas Geeran, late of the
71st Highlanders."
Determined, if possible, to fathom the mystery
of this old man's reputed services in the 71st, I
went to the Public Record Office, and obtained
access to the original muster rolls, pay sheets, and
description roll of this regiment, for a period ex-
tending from 1780 to 1830, which period more
than covered the time of his alleged service.
From this search I extracted the following in-
formation :
In 1796, the year of his alleged enlistment,
there was no such man on the pay-sheets of the
71st, nor was there any name at all like it.
In 1799, the year alleged in which he was pre-
sent with the 71st in India, there was no such
man or name on the pay-lists of the regiment.
In 1801, the year when he alleged he was in
Egypt, there was no such name on the rolls.
In 1809, the year Corunna was fought, at which
battle he alleged he was present, there was no
such name on the rolls.
In 1815, the year Waterloo was fought, at
which battle he alleged he was present, there was
no such name on the rolls.
In 1819, the year in which he alleged he was
discharged, there was no such name on the rolls.
It may fairly be asked then, is it' possible that
he could have served as he alleged, and yet not
have his name on these rolls ? The pay-lists are
the originals forwarded quarterly by the pay-
master, and containing the name of every member
of the regiment drawing pay, and therefore fully
to be relied upon.
Where, then, could this old man have picked
up all his wonderful anecdotes and asserted re-
miniscences of the exploits of the 71st ? The fol-
lowing information will, I think, go a long way
to prove who this man really was, and why he
should have picked out such a regiment as the
one he did.
It appears from the pay-sheets of the 71st Foot
in 1813, that there was a man of the name of
Michael Gearyn or Gayran, then serving.
From the description roll it appears that he
enlisted March 3, 1813, and deserted on April 10,
1813.
He was born at Turlee (sic) in the county of
Kerry, Ireland, and was by trade a tailor. The
following is a comparative description of Thomas
Geeran and Michael Gearyn, by which it will be
seen that in appearance, &c. there must have been
so great a resemblance between these two men
as almost to establish their identity :
Thomas Geeran*, born at Tulla, Killaloe, Clare ;
height on enlisting, 5 feet lOf ; hair, white in
1870 ; eyes blue ; complexion fresh.
Michael Gearyn, born at Turlee (?), co. Kerry ;
height on enlisting 5 feet 9| j hair brown ; eyes
blue : complexion fresh.
Thomas Geeran, when asked the name of the
officers of the regiment, could only recollect two,
Col. Denis Packe and Lt. Anderson the adj utant.
Col. Denis Packe commanded the regiment for
a great many years, and his name would therefore
be well known in it.
Lt. Anderson the adjutant did not' enter the
* Thomas Geeran stated his father's name was Michael.
This account of his personal appearance is taken from his
answers to a form sent to him from Chelsea Hospital in
1864.
176
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[4> S. IX. MARCH 2, 72.
service until 1808; was adjutant from 1811 unti
after 1813, and therefore was the adjutant when
Michael Geary n was in the regiment.
Michael Gearyn stated his age at enlistmen
into the 71st Foot in 1813 as 25. If Michael anc
Thomas were one and the same person, his age at
death, Oct. 28, 1871, would be about 83, not 105.
The following .extracts are intended to show
the numerous contradictions that are in the book
entitled Longevity : The Life of Thomas Geeran
late of the 7 1st Highlanders.
We give, first, statements made by the man
himself, or by some one acting on his behalf, and
then the extracts from the same work contradict-
ing these statements.
Appended. to these are also extracts from the
various letters and papers sent up to Chelsea
Hospital from time to time in support of his peti-
tion for a pension for his services in the 71st
regiment ; and also evidence as regards the stations
of that regiment during the period Geeran stated
he served in it; its foreign service and history;
nearly the whole of which tend to show that the
71st was not at the places at the time stated
by Geeran, and that he could not possibly have
served with it, and yet have performed the service
he'stated he did.
This latter evidence is extracted from the His-
torical Records of the 71st Highland Light In-
fantry, published by command of H. M. William
IV. Compiled from official records ly R. Cannon,
JEsq., Principal Clerk of the Adjutant General's
Office.
The extracts from the book Longevity are
printed in roman type, each extract being fol-
lowed by its contradictory statement, in Italics,
some of these being from the book Longevity, and
some from official records.
Pages 37 and 59. " Tom's father was a farmer.
Tom assisted him. After his father's death he
held the appointment of clerk in the office of a
wealthy firm in Waterford, and was raised to an
advanced post as agent to the branch house in
America. Before starting he got drunk and
enlisted."
Page 56. (C Bred a sawyer, lie continued to work
fit hi* trnrle till the year 1796. when he enlisted into
the list Foot."
Page 39. "Sailed to join the 71st or Glasgow
regiment in 1797."
" In June 1808, H. M. George III. was pleased
to approve of the 7lst bearing the title of Glasgow
regiment:'' (Vide Historical Records.}
Page 39. "In 1797 they landed at Madras,
where the recruits first met their comrades."
" Seringapatam was taken May 4, 1799. Tippoo
Saib was killed. Thomas Geeran did not see
Tippoo killed, but saiv him after his fall, and de-
scribed him as a " tall fine-looking fellow." ,
Whilst this was going on the 71st were plunder-
ing.
"In Oct. 1797 the regiment embarked at, Madras
for England. TJicy were at sea during the re-
mainder of the year, and arrived at Woolwich
August 12, 1798.
" During the year 1799 the regiment ivas stationed
m' Scotland. The head quarters were at Stirling."
(Vide Historical Records.}
Page 41. " Geeran said in the year 1801 the
71st was ordered to Egypt, and on March 21st
at midnight Tom and his comrades were out and
ready for battle."
The late Marquis of Westmeath, on reading
the above passage, denied it by saying "The 71st
were not in Egypt at all." Geeran in reply said
" My company was sent from Gibraltar, and I ar-
rived at Alexandria with Sir Dennis Pack, General
in the Field and Colonel in the Army."
"Early in the year 1801 the list were in Dublin.
(Left Scotland in June 1800.)
" On April 24, 1801, Lieut. -Col. Pack Joined and
assumed the command of the regiment.
u The regiment remained in Ireland until June,
1805.
" Major Pack was stationed with the 4th Dn. Gds.
in England and Scotland until 1800, lohen he was
promoted on Dec. G, 1800 ; to the rank of Lieut. -
Col in the list Regt., and on April 24, 1801,
joined that corps in Ireland, in which country he
served until August 1805." (Vide Historical Re-
cords. )
Page 42. Geeran's account of wound at Vittoria.
Done by a Spanish soldier.
The Spaniards were the allies of the British, not
the enemies, as asserted in the account of this wound.
Page 43. " Sir Thomas Picton, who commanded
the ' 3rd Division,' &c."
'' Sir Thomas Picton commanded the 5th division
at Waterloo." (Vide Historical Records.}
Page 42. " Geeran received a ball in the left
knee at Corunna, besides another gunshot wound.''"
Page 49. " Stated he was wounded at Waterloo
n 1815."
Stated in 1868 that he received a bullet or two
n the body at Waterloo.
Page 55. " He escaped through Waterloo, and
entered Paris ivith the victorious army"
Dr. Pickford in 1864 stated in a letter that
Geeran told him that he was wounded in the back
t Salamanca.
The list was not at Salamanca.
Page 47. " I was not turned out of the service,
>ut discharged from the 71st in 1819."
Page 58. " The fact of his not having a pension
as owing, as he admitted himself, to his having
een discharged from the service for misconduct."
4* S. IX. MARCH 2, '72.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
177
Page 48. "He was discharged in the Isle of
"Wight, invalided"
Page 49. " In confidence Geeran told a friend,
eye- he was not an invalid when discharged,
l>ut he thinks he was dismissed the service"
Page 47. " States that about twenty years ago
he received a Peninsula medal."
Stated in 1864 that he received medals for
Corunna, Waterloo, Peninsula (eleven clasps), and
others. All made away with for drink or lost.
(Vide Chelsea Records.}
Page 58. " The same cause (his misconduct} will
account for his not haviny the Waterloo medal,
which, under the circumstances, became forfeited, and
also deprived him of any claim to the Peninsula
medal."
" His name cannot be traced on the medal roll of
men entitled to the Peninsula or Waterloo medals"
(Vide W. O. Letter with Chelsea Records.)
Stated he received 27. 12s. 9c7. prize-money.
Name not found on prize rolls.
Page 44. "Geeran married in Gibraltar when
he was thirty-five."
As he stated that he was thirty years old when he
was enlisted, this would bring the date of marriage
in the year 1801.
From 1798 to 1805 the 71st was not stationed
outside Great Britain.
CHIEF DISCREPANCIES IN GEERAN'S STOEY.
He stated that he joined the 71st in 1796 7
went out to India, and was at Seringapatam May
4, 1799.
The 7lst left India in October, 1797, and arrived
at Woolwich August 12, 1798. From that time
until 1805 the regiment was not out of Great
Britain.
He stated that in 1801 he was in Egypt, and
that he went out with Sir Dennis Pack.
The 71st was not in Egypt at all. Sir I). Pack
was not out of Great Britain from 1800 until
1805.
In August, 1805, the 71st went to the Cape
of Good Hope. From there the regiment sailed,
April 1806, to Buenos Ayres. The whole were
made prisoners August, 1806, released, and re-
turned to England, Dec. 1807.
Now all this was important service, yet Geeran
does not mention one word about it.
Stated he received prize-money and medals.
Name not on prize list or medal rolls.
States he was wounded at Salamanca.
The 71st was not at Salamanca.
States in one place he received a bullet or two
in the body at Waterloo.
States in another part he escaped through Waterloo.
JOHN HEYWOOD AXD GEOFFREY CHAUCER.
Has it ever been noted that in Heywood's in-
terlude of " The Pardoner and the Frere " (W.
Eastell, April 5, 1533), reprinted in " Four Old
Plays," G. Nichols, Cambridge (United States),
1848, p. 89-128, he has quietly incorporated into
his Pardoner's first speech, as his own, lines 49-
100 of Chaucer's Pardoner's Prologue, only
changing a few words ? Can you make room for
the quotation, so that your readers may judge of
the old epigrammatist's cribbing for themselves ?
I italicise the words that Heywood has changed,...
p. 94-7 for Chaucer's of like meaning :
" But first ye shall knowe well y* I com fro Rome,
Lo here my bulles all and some !
Our lyege lorde seale, here on my patent,
I bere with me my body to warant,
That no man be so bolde, be he preest or clarke,
Me to dysturbe of Chrystes holy warke . . .
Fyrst here I shewe ye* of a holy lewes shepe
A bone : I pray you take good kepe
To my wordes, and marke them well !
Yf any of your bestes belyes do swell,
Dyppe this bone in the water that he dothe take
Into his body ; and the swellyinge shall slake.
And yfany worme haue your beestes stonge,
Take of this water, and wasshe his tonge,
And it wyll be hole anon, and furthermore,
Of pockes and scabbes and euery sore
He shall be quyte hole, that drynketh of the well
That this bone is dipped in : it is treuth that 1 tell~
And yf any man that any beste oweth,
Oes "in the weke, or that the cocke croweth,
Fastynge wyll drynke of this well a draughte,
(As that holy Jew hath vs taught,)
His beestes and his store shall multeply.
And, maysters all, it helpeth well [ielousy] ;
[For] Thoughe a man be foulet in ielous rage,
Let a man with this water make his pottage,
And neuermore shall he his wyfe mystryst,
Though he in sothe the faut by her wyst,
Or had she be take withfreres J two or three.
Here is a mytten eke as ye may se ;
He that his hande wyll put in this myttayn,
He shall haue encredse of his grayn
That he hath sowne, be it wete or otys,
So that he offer pens, or el[le]s grotes. . . . .
But one thyng, ye women ail, I warant you 1
Yf any wyght be in this place now,
That hath done syn so horryble that she
Dare not for shame thereof shryuen be ;
Or any woman, be she younge or olde,
That bathe made her husbande cockolde,
Suche folke shall haue no power nor no grace
To offer to my relykes in this place.
And who so fyndeth her selfe out of suche blame,
Com hyther to me, on Crystesholy name ! "
F. J. FUKNIVALL,
P.S. On a second look at the " Four Old Plays,"
* Chaucer of course did not use ye as an accusative.
f fallen.
j As Heywood's Pardoner is preaching against a rival
Friar, he changes Chaucer's " preestes " to " freres."
Here Heywood puts in some other chaffing relics :
"the
of the
of all
saynt Myghell the brayn pan."
178
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
[4* S. IX. MARCH 2, 72
I see that it is edited by " F. J. C." who must be
iny friend Prof. F. J. Child, of Harvard ; and that
of course he, as a Chaucer scholar a right good
one too has noted, at p. 268, the source of Hey-
wood's lines ; but probably few English readers are
aware of the fact.
"AIRY SHELL": "CoMUS," LINE 231. I have
always understood this phrase in the exquisite
song
" Sweet Echo, sweetest nymph, that liv'st unseen
Within thy air}- shell "
to mean the aerial vault, the canopy of heaven, .as
the poet says in the hymn inserted in the ode on
the Nativity (101)
"Xature that heard such sound,
Beneath the hollow round
Of Cynthia's seat, the airy region thrilling."
In a pretty little school edition of the poems,
however, published last year, and edited by Rev.
H. R. Huckin, a note on the passage appears to
assume that Milton meant to confine the term
" airy shell " to the concha or testudo. " Hence,"
says the editor, " he represents Echo as living in
such a musical shell, which sent back the notes
which it received."
This seems a ludicrously unworthy idea. Music
proceeds from the testudo, but Echo (who is daugh-
ter of the Air and Tellus) repeats its closes from
her lofty cloud-vault. She is
" Vocalis Nymphe, qua? nee reticere loquenti,
Nee prior ipsa loqui didicit, resonabilis Echo "
(Ovid, Met. iii. 359);
but is changed by Juno
" et in aera succus
Corporis omnis abit, vox tantum." (397.)
I am sorry that I have no standard Milton at
hand. What does MR. KEIGHTLEY say ?
PELAGIUS.
DEFENDS. This is another of those words
which in the process of time has undergone an
almost entire change of meaning. By writers of
the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries it seems to
have been used in the sense of to forbid. Thus in
The Story of the Holy Rood, lines 207 and 208
(E. E. T. S., 1871), we have
" To saue man saules he sail be send,
And all fals trowth he sail defende."
EDMUND TEW, M.A.
ENGLISH PHYSICIANS IN SWITZERLAND. It
ought to be generally known that in the Canton
de Vaud, Switzerland^ British physicians are not
allowed to practise amongst the English resi-
dents without undergoing an examination. As
M.D.s who have graduated in Great Britain will
not submit to this insult, for it is nothing more,
the English at Lausanne, Montreux, &c. are
obliged, when they are attacked by illness, to
have a Swiss doctor, with whom they frequently
cannot converse, from not knowing the language.
The Swiss Times has had some strong remarks
on the illiberal conduct of the Vaudois authorities
and their doctors ; however, it seems to me that
a journal like "N. & Q,.," which has so many
M.D.s amongst its contributors, is the best medium
for bringing this matter under public notice.*
AN ENGLISHMAN.
Montreux, Yaud.
PLAY THE BEAR. I believe that this expres-
sion has not been noticed in the " Proverbs and
Phrases " that have appeared in " N. & Q." In
the speech of the vicar of Leamington, as reported
in the Leamington Courier, Feb. 10, I find that
Mr. Craig made the following remarks :
" There are two kinds of children. There are the
children of Bethel and the children of Bethaven, and
when Bethel became Bethaven, the house of God became
the house of sin. I mean to say this, that on that occa-
sion the children came forth and exhibited indignity to
the person of the prophet and derision for his doctrine.
They exhibited derision for his doctrine and said, ' Go
up, thou bald head,' because he held the doctrine of the
ascension of Elijah, and they said it to show their disre-
spect. From that incident came the sentence of ' playing
the bear ' with persons. Because, when they were trying
to play the bear with the person and doctrine of the
prophet, Elisha turned and looked at them, and the Lord
sent forth wild bears she bears and forty of these
children of Belial were destroyed."
CUTHBERT BEDE.
" OUT IN THE COLD." This expression has been
so often applied of late years to the political party
for the time in opposition, that it might be taken
to be a modern invention. But Mr. (H. P.)
Wyndham,in his remarkable preface to The Diary
of the late George JBubb Doddington (Salisbury,
1784), made use of a similar phrase nearly a cen-
tury ago :
" If, on the contrary, ]by unveiling the 'mysterious in-
trigues of a court, and by exposing the latent causes of
opposition, the Diary teaches us that both one and the
other may act from the same interested and corrupt
principle, it may then make us cautiously diffident of
the motives of either, and the country gentlemen in par-
ticular ma}' learn from it that they have as much to dread
from those* who are in pursuit of power as from those in
actual possession of it ; from those who are hopefully
working in the cold climate of disappointment, as from
those who are luxuriously basking in the sunshine of
enjoyment."
ALEXANDER ANDREWS.
Stoke Xewington.
OYSTERS FOR AISTRES. I have just been in-
formed of a very curious old Christmas carol,
* On one occasion an English M.D. submitted to an
examination, and was so grossly insulted that he left in
disgust. The examiners actually asked ridiculous ques-
tions, using as text books the works of certain dirty
advertising quacks. The prime mover on that occasion
s now dead, but there are those living who were present
and took a part, and I dare them to deny it.
4 th S. IX. MARCH 2, '72.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
179
which was sung in the streets of Frome only a
few weeks ago, and which is well worth a note in
" N. & Q." I have not yet been able to procure
the entire song ; but the fragment before me con-
tains a remarkable instance of the persistence
from age to age of old French words. It relates
to the visit of Joseph and "his lady" to Bethle-
hem, in search of accommodation in view of the
expected birth of the Saviour ; and we are told
that " they wandered up and down a-seeking for
oysters" (this was the pronunciation of the singers)
without success, for " none could be found " a
result at which we cannot affect to be surprised. On
hearing this singular word I was for the moment
greatly puzzled ; but remembering the old French
a* tit re, meaning a fireplace, hearth and remem-
bering, too, the variant estres, passages, chambers,
apartments I perceived at once that " oysters "
really meant aistres or estres, or in its connection
" lodgings," and the problem was solved. Now
the word ait-res, denoting the rooms, partitions, or
closets of a house, is still in use in the patois of
France ; but the curious thing is, that the Somer-
setshire peasant has retained the s which formed
part of the original word, which is now silent in
France. In the form estres it occurs in Chaucer,
Lydgate, &c. J. PAYNE.
Kildare Gardens.
STAMP USED INSTEAD OF THE SIGN MANUAL
OE HENKY VIII. The sign manuals of Henry
VIII. are common enough, but I do not remem-
ber to have seen before a stamp, apparently a
woodcut, being a pretty fair fac- simile of one of
the best of his autographs. Such a one, however;
is now before me, having been discovered among
the numerous MS. treasures of the Baroness North.
It is on the top of a letter from the king to Sir
Edward North, and is dated April 3, 35 Henry
VIII., requiring him to furnish " xx liable foot-
men, being determined to invade the realme of
France this summer with a royal army."
Ev. PH. SHIRLEY.
Lower Eatington Park, Stratford-on-Avon.
HOLYROOD PICTURES.
Shaw's Dresses and Decorations of the Middle
Ages contains an engraving from a picture for-
merly in the royal collection at Hampton Court.
It represents Margaret of Denmark, queen of
James III. of Scotland, and St. Canute. On the
reverse is depicted Sir Edward Boncle. This
picture, with the companion one of James III.
and his patron St. Andrew on the reverse the
Holy Family was exhibited in the Art Treasures
Exhibition at Manchester in 1857. At the close
of the exhibition, through the enthusiastic zeal
of David Laing, Esq., K.S.A., and of W. B. John-
stone, Esq., R.A., a memorial, signed by the Duke
of Hamilton, the Duke of Buccleuch, the Lord
Provost of Edinburgh, and other persons of dis-
tinction, was addressed to the Queen at Balmoral,
praying Her Majesty's consent to their being
transferred to Holyrood Palace.* /Through Sir B.
Hall, then First "Commissioner of Works, Her
Majesty was graciously pleased to accede to the
request. These pictures were painted about 1484.
See paper by I). Laing, Esq., read to the Society
of Antiquaries Nov. 1857. They have been attri-
buted to Hugo Van der Goes and Mabuse. They
were probably intended as an altar-piece for the
collegiate church of the Holy Trinity, Edinburgh,
as Sir William Boncle was the first provost of
that establishment, and, as such, Queen Margaret's
confessor. The accessories are painted with great
fidelity. In a book held by one of the figures
the music is at once recognised as of that time.
In the same work of Shaw's is another engraving
of Queen Margaret, on a larger scale from the
same picture, showing the details of the orna-
ments. The head-dress is extremely elegant ; and
on a gold band confining the hair, underneath th.3
rich coronet and cap, is given part of an inscrip-
tion, which is very plain in the original picture :
PNAON.
The lines over the third and fourth letters are
detached, and appear to be marks of abbreviation.
A solution of these characters is sought for. From
the fidelity of the execution of these paintings, it
is evident that they have a specific meaning, and
that they are not merely of an ornamental cha-
racter. ALBERT BUTTERY.
Court of Chancery.
BALLAD. Can any one tell me where to find
the rest of this ballad ? I only know the first
and part of the last verses :
" Our king he went to Dover,
And so he left the land,
And so his grace went over
Unto the Callice sand ;
And so he went to Bulein,
With soldiers strong enough,
Like the valiant king of Cullin.
" Up went the English colours,
And all the bells did ring ;
We had both crowns and dollers,
And drank health to our king ;
To the Lady Nan of Bulein,
The bonfires were seen at Flushing."
These verses were given as a motto in some
modern book, but with no reference to where they
came from. C. B.
* Historical Guide, -c., Holyrood. Edinburgh, pub-
lished by Duncan Andersen, Keeper of the Chapel Royal.
180
NOTES AND QUERIES.
S. IX. MARCH 2, 72.
ABP. BLACKBURNE. Are there living any
descendants of Lancelot Blackburne, Archbishop
of York in 1725, and who are they ? B. W.
CANADA. What French Canadian statesman
was it who declared that the conquest of Canada
by the British had set his countrymen free ?
E. C.
DANFORTH. This name is borne by one of the
most respectable and opulent Quaker families in
Iowa, U. S. (America). What is the meaning oi
the word? Have we any village or place so
called ? Is the name borne by any English family
belonging to the Society of Friends ? The Dan-
forths believe that they are of English origin.
JAMES HENRY DIXON.
DOMESTIC CHAPELS. Can you refer me to any
list of mediaeval residences in Great Britain which
have domestic chapels attached to them?
F. M. S.
SIR JOHN ELIOT. In Chambers's Papers for
the People there is one entitled " Cromwell and
hie Contemporaries," in which the following sen-
tence occurs, marked as a quotation from one of
the petitions of Sir J. Eliot : " A little air, your
majesty, that I may gather strength to die." I
can neither find this in Eliot's Life by Forster
nor in Nugent's Hampden. Can any of your
readers state where it may be found ?
ENQUIRER.
HERALDIC. Can any of your readers learned in
heraldry inform me to what families the following
coats of arms belong? 1. Ar. on a saltire gu.,
five cross-crosslets or j 2. Ar. on a fess dancette
sa. between six crosslets fitchee or, three bezants ;
3. Sa. on a chevron or, between three griffins'
Leads erased of the last, langued gu., three estoiles
of the field. G. P. C.
HOTCH POT. This curious old term has not
yet been touched upon in your interesting pages.*
I know what Blackstone and some others have
written respecting it, but there are a few additional
particulars that I should like to be furnished with
by the kindness of some contributor or reader
" learned in the law." This query is of course
literary, and "without prejudice" as to future
claims for " six-and-eightpences " or other sums.
1. Was it originally a lex scripta or a lex non
scripta, and in either case the date of its origin ?
To me it sounds like Norman-French or Anglo-
Norman, and smacks of the feudal system, or
rather as if engendered by it.
2. Is it, and if so when was it, repealed or ren-
dered inoperative ? C. CHATTOCK.
Castle Bromwich.
* See "X. & Q." 1* S. viii. 413. ED.]
INQUISITIONES POST MORTEM. At what date
do they cease, and have they been printed and
published from the reign of Henry VI. ?
TOPOGRAPHER.
[The Rolls of Inquisitions from the 3rd Henry III. to
the 20th Charles I. (when they were discontinued) are
deposited at the Public Record Office. Ample Calendars
and Indices, of a portion of these records, have been
printed by the Record Commissioners, under the title of
Calendarium Inquisition-urn post Mortem sive Escaetarum.
Henry III. to Richard III., 4 vols. 1806-1828, fol.
Sims's Manual for the Genealogist,^., 1856, pp. 123-130.]
JEWS-HARP. In South Sea Bubble*, by the
Earl and Doctor, page 158, is the sentence, u One
man played the Jew's (or jaw's) harp." Is the
hint thus given correct, and 'should Jew's-harp be
jaw's-harp? H. A. ST. J. M.
[The Jews-harp, or Jews-trump, is a corruption of the
French Jeu-trompe, literally a toy trumpet. Another
etymon for Jews-harp is jaws-harp, because the place
where it is played upon is between the jaws. The late
Mr. Douce always maintained that the proper name of
this instrument was fhe jaws-harp, and that the Jews
had no special concern with either its invention or its use.
See'"N. & Q." 1 4 S. i. 277, 342.]
" LEGAMBILIS." Amongst the miracles of
Simon de Montfort is the one wrought on Osbert
Giffard long troubled with fevers to whom
Simon de Montfort appeared in a dream, and bade
him put on the ft legambilem " which Osbert Gif-
fard had from him in war. His servants found it
amongst his armour at his bed's foot. lie put it
on, and was healed. What was the " legambilis " ?
The miracle is in Rishanyer (Caruden Society'^
publications). D. IJ.
" NEC BENE FECIT, NEC MALE FECIT, SED INTER-
FECIT." In the unfortunate Mr. Watson's ad-
mirable Life of Parson occurs the following
passage :
' Many sayings have been attributed to Porson that
are not his. ' We have seen the punning observation on
Brutus killing Caesar, 'Nee bene fecit, nee male fecit, sed
'.nterfecitj ascribed to him, when it is certainly not his.
[n Charles Phillips's Recollections of Curran and his Con-
emporaries it is attributed, with as little ground we be-
ieve, to Curran."
If neither Person's nor Curran's, where is the
original phrase to be found ? W. T. M.
Shinfield Grove.
NEVISON THE HIGHWAYMAN. I have reason
;o believe that a Life of Nevison was published
soon after his execution (probably at York), of
hich the small chap-book editions published
during the last century were only abridgments.
! should like to ask any of your readers who are
collectors of this kind of literature the date or
.pparent date of their earliest Life of Nevison. I
>ossess two editions printed about 1790, each bear-
ng a London imprint, " for the booksellers/' but
no doubt printed at York, as they agree in style
nd paper with the earlier productions of the Col-
4 th S. IX. MARCH 2, 72.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
181
liergate Press. I should add, that I have con- '
suited all the bibliographical authorities and the
catalogues of the British Museum, and that I am
acquainted with the correspondence about Nevi-
son which has from time to time appeared in your
columns. C. E. B.
PANADE OR PAVADE. In Chaucer's "Reeve's
Tale," the Reeve describes the Trumpington
Miller as having by his belt "a long panade."
This word Speght spells pavade, and glosses
" pugio, a daggar, baslard." Cooper gives " Pu//io }
a dagger ; Pugiunculus, a shorte dagger, a poyne-
adow." Cotgrave has u Pmgnard, m. A. Poinadoe,
or Poniard." Roquefort has " Panart : espece de
grand couteau a deux taillans." Can "panade"
be the Early English form of " poniard" ? The
Piers Plowman kaylewey is undoubtedly the French
caillouet, a very sweet pear. (Cotgrave.)
F. J. F.
QUOTATIONS. Can any kind reader point out
the original source of the following lines ?
" Yesterday's over and gone,
To-morrow may never arrive ;
To-day we may count as it flies,
For it's all we "can reckon upon."
J. PERRY.
Where can I find the following? I want to
Terify it as a motto for a treatise on fishing.
" Hoc accipe carmen :
'Carmen, quod, tenui dum nect.it arundine linum,
Piscator legat ; et scopulo suspiret ab alto."
J . II.
Stirling.
[See Actii Synceri Sannazarii Neapolitani viri Patncii,
Ecloga Prima, Phyllis, Hue 101, edit. Patavii, 1719, 4to.]
Where can I find and who wrote a poem which
commences, as far as I recollect, as follows ?
" There's weeping by England's hundred streams,
On Severn, Thames, and Trent ;
And o'er the graves of the slaughtered braves
The Queen, of the Seas is bent."
B. M.
Where is the line
" Like the sunny side of a Catherine peach." .
G. K.
" The foxglove which Tom stays to pop,
Though his mother has sent him for bread to the shop."
JAMES BRITTEN.
PLURALS. What is the plural of " titmouse "
and of " dormouse " ? The second syllable of these
words has nothing to do with a mischievous little
quadruped, but in the first is the A.-S. mase, Du.
mees, Ger. meise, parus, tomtit ; and in the second
is part of the French word dormeusetk&t is, souri
dormeuse. Should we, therefore, say titmouses
and dormouses, or tit- and dor-mice f
R. C. A. P.
REVOLUTION OP 1688. Bishop Burnet evoked
the indignation of Parliament by publishing a pas-
oral letter asserting the right of William and
Mary to the throne by conquest, and Charles
Blount, the author of Janus Sciehtiarum, issued a
defence of the Revolution under a similar plea,
[las this theory, which makes the first and third
Williams both victorious invaders, and therefore
ntitled to the subjects' allegiance, been taken up
and advocated by any modern writer ?
WM. UNDERBILL.
Kelly Street, Kentish Town.
[Some notices of the theory propounded by Charles
Blouut and Bishop Burnet will" be found in Lord Mueau-
"ay's History of England, ed. 1855, iv. 351-3G2 ; and in
' JS T . & Q." ! S. viii. 626 ; 2"* S. i. 24.]
SOCIETY OF ANCIENT DEISTS: SPIRITUALISM
IN 1780. In Reid's Rise and Dissolution of the
Infidel Societies in this Metropolis, Lond. 1800,
there is an account of " a kind of infidel mystics,"
calling themselves Ancient Deists, who met at
Hoxton between 1770 and 1780. Their meetings
appear to have resembled the seances of more
modern times, for
1 The faculty of foretelling future events was insisted
upon, the discernment of spirits, by the physiognomy,
the voice, the gait, c., together with the possibility of
conversing with departed souls. In fact," continues
Reid, " 
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