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Notes and Queries, Jan. 23, 1897.

NOTES AND QUERIES:

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o^r, <& y vj. 1-0

#lfctum of Intercommunication

FOB

LITERARY MEN, GENERAL READERS, ETC.

When found, make a note of." CAPTAIN CUTTLK.

EIGHTH SERIES. VOLUME TENTH.
JULY DECEMBER 1896.

LONDON:

PUBLISHED AT THE

OFFICE, BREAM'S BUILDINGS, CHANCERY LANE, E.C.
BY JOHN C. FRANCIS.

Notes and Queries, Jan. 23, 1897.

AC-,

. IO

LIBRARY

728137

UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO

8<" 8. X. JOLT 4, '96.J

NOTES AND QUERIES.

LOKDON, SATURDAY, JULY 4, 1886.

CONTENTS. N 236.
NOTES: The Murder of Mountfort, 1 Literature v
Science, 2 Pepysiana Portraits of Bishop Morley, 3
Farmer's Library One Hundred and Fifty Years Ago
Rev. R. Simpson Entries in Parish Registers Custom
of the Manor of Wales Rough Lee Hall, 4 Quotation
from Scott Rotten Row Scotland and Rushbrooke
Surnames Episcopal Chapels, 5 National Portrait Gal
lery Miracles Church Briefs Governor " Whoa t " 6.

QUERIES : John Malcolm Tannachie Inscription Scot
tish National Music Church Brief for a Theatre Sii
George Nares, 7 Dialect Philippine Wellser Pate Stuart
Ferrar-Collett Relics Author Wanted St. Paul'
Churchyard, 8 J. Everard Military Flags Haddow, 9.

REPLIES .Windmills, 9 Lead Lettering Cramp Ring s
10 White Boar as a Badge Southey's English Poets '
" Chauvin "Straps' The Giaour,' 11 Oxford " Simili-
tive " ' ' Hyperion," 12' ' Child " " Fantigue " Fleur
de-lis, 13 Ognall St. Mary Overie Tunstall Church
warden Prebendary Victoria, 14 The National Debt
Holborn, Hanwell, and Harrow Austrian Lip Ancient
Service Book, 15 Dr. Freman 'The Two Peacocks of
Bedfont 'Flags Title-page and Date of Book Inscribed
Fonts, 16 The Suffix "well "Book of Common Prayer-
Mural Memorials, 17 Maid Marian's Tomb Flittermouse
Knights of St. John of Jerusalem Universities of the
United States, 18 Authors Wanted, 19.

NOTES ON BOOKS : Wheatley's ' Diary of Samuel Pepys
Vol. VIII. 'Miscellanea Genealogica et Heraldica'
4 Specimens of Caslon Old Face Types 'Guide Books, &c.

Notices to Correspondents.

THE MURDER OP MOUNTFORT, THE ACTOR.
(See I 8t S. ii. 516; 5* S. viii. 231.)

Lord Macaulay tells U8 that Capt. Richard Hill,
the murderer of Wm. Mountfort, the actor, was " a
profligate captain in the army "; and Mountfort's
biographer in the ' Diet, of Nat. Biog. 1 describes
Hill as "a known ruffler and cutthroat." Both
these sweeping assertions are, to say the least of
them, somewhat hyperbolical. Hill was only six-
teen years of age when he ran the unfortunate actor
through with his sword, in Howard Street, Strand,
on 9 Dec. , 1692. Lord Mohun, who was Hill's
accomplice and an accessory after the fact, was
seventeen, and this point went in his favour when
he was tried by his peers for murder. But no one
has, heretofore, ever made any excuse for Hill, who
lived to repent and to amend his ways, which
cannot be said for Lord Mohun, who, five
years subsequent to the above murder, was again
arraigned for manslaughter. Curious to say,
Mohun's victim on this latter occasion was Capt.
William Hill, of the Coldstream Guards, who was
stabbed in a drunken brawl, at a tavern near
Charing Cross, in September, 1697.

At the age of twelve Richard Hill was appointed
a subaltern in Viscount Lisburne's newly raised
regiment of foot. He served in the Irish campaign,
and owing to the mortality in his regiment from
Uver and losses in action, he obtained command

of a company when he was only fifteen. We may
conclude that Lord Lisburne's regiment was rather
a fast corps, and a bad school, as regards morals,
for a very young officer, for we find the inspecting
officer at Dundalk Camp, in December, 1689,
sending the following confidential report to William
III. relative to Lord Lisburne's regiment : " Le
Colonel s'en mette fort peu et avec cela d'un humeur
extravagant ; qui anssi prend tousles jours plnsde
vin qu'il ne peust [sic] porter." On 21 March,
1692, Hill exchanged with Capt. Vincent Googene,
of Col. Thos. Erie's regiment of foot (' Military
Entry Book,' vol. ii., H. 0. Series). By this
exchange Hill found himself in command of the
grenadier company in a crack infantry regiment.
This fact was a little trying for a youth of his age,
and the society of an unlicked cub like young Lord
Mohun had a bad effect on Hill's character. He
also had the misfortune to have money at his dis-
posal ; and it came out in evidence, at Lord Mohan's
trial, that Hill's scheme for carrying off Anne
Bracegirdle, the well-known actress, was to coat
him 502. The fair actress was rescued as she was
being forcibly hurried into the coach by the soldiers
whom Hill had hired for the occasion. Frustrated
in his villainy, young Hill dismissed his military
hirelings. " Begone ! I have done with you,"
cried this veteran centurion, in a tone which
Jonathan Wild might have adopted when he dis-
missed his myrmidons. Unfortunately Hill stayed
behind with Lord Mohun, and their brains, over-
heated by wine, to which in the case of the former
was added mad jealousy against Mountfort, a sup-
posed favoured rival in the fair actress's affections,
devised the scheme of murder which Hill carried
nto effect the same night. Hill escaped after com-
mitting the crime, and nothing further is recorded

f him by the historian. But in the cellars of the
Public Record Office is a MS. petition to Queen
Anne, which runs as follows :

" To the Queen's most Excellent Majestic.

The humble petition of Captain Richard Hill.

" Showeth that your Petitioner at the age of sixteen,
after four years' service in Ireland and Flanders, under
the command of Lieut-General Earl, was unhappily
drawn into a quarrel with Mr. Montford wherein he
md the misfortune to give him a mortal wound; for
which unadvised act your Petitioner has humbled him-
self before God these eleven years past, and since his
misfortune went volunteer with Col. Gibson to New-
bundland, who has given a character of your Petitioner's
>ehaviour there, as Lieut.-General Erie has of his car-
riage and conduct in Ireland and Flanders, as appears by
he certificates herewith annexed.

" May it therefore please your most Sacred Majestic,

n consideration of your Petitioner's past services, and in

compassion to his youth, to extend your Royal mercy to

your Petitioner for a crime to which he was betrayed by

he heat and folly of youth, that he may thereby be

mabled to serve your Majestic and his Country, aa his

earnest desire is, to the last drop of his blood.

" And your Petitioner shall ever pray, &c."

Only one of the two certificates annexed to the

NOTES AND QUERIES.

(.8** S. X. JULY 4, '96.

above petition need be given here, although both
are equally favourable :

Whereas Capt. Richard Hill was under my command
during the late Irish war, and a volunteer with me in
Flandew, I must needs give him this character that be
behav'd himself on all occasions as a man of honour and
really with more courage and conduct than from one of
his years could have been expected, tor he was but
twelve years old when he came into the army, and but
sixteen when his misfortune hap'ned, which is eleven
years since. Now the great concern for his misfortune,
and his earnest desire to serve her Majesty again, even
in any poet, will I hope move her compassion and mercy
in obtaining his freedom which I am ready to certify to
her Majesty whenever 'tis thought convenient.

"Tno. EARLE."

Hill had friends at court to plead for him, as
witness the following :

"A Memorial for the Rt. Hon. Sir Chas. Hedges,
Secretary of State.

"That his Grace the Duke of Somerset has promised
to call for Captain Hill's petition in the first Cabinet
Council and the Lord President has promised to speak to
both. Therefore your Honour is most humbly desired
to have the said Captain's petition and certificates in
readiness to lay before her Majesty for the more effectual
obtaining of her Royal mercy."

There is reason to believe that Hill was pardoned.
In * Recommendations for Commissions in the New
Levies in 1706' (War Office MS.), the name of
Capt. Richard Hill appears in a list of officers
recommended by the Duke of Ormonde.

CHARLES DALTON.

LITERATURE VERSUS SCIENCE.
(See 8 th S. viii. 286, 332; ix. 51.)

What PROF. TOMLINSON says under this head
ing is an interesting addition to the question on
the relations between these two branches of human
knowledge, a question which is peculiar to, and
characteristic of, our century.

I had occasion to touch on it in my study on
Tennyson (pp. 175 <(?.), speaking of the scientific
element in the works of your late Laureate, of
whom it was well said that "he spiritualized
Evolution and brought it into Poetry.' * I pointed
out the numerous allusions to the progress oi
science and the scientific similes in which he
indulges, as well as his views on the future ol
science, t and concluded that he certainly would

* See Nineteenth Century, October, 1893, p. 670.
f Truth of ecience waiting to be caught.

The Golden Year.
Science moves, but slowly, slowly, creeping on from

point to point. ' Locksley Hall.'

I wander'd nourishing a youth sublime
With the fairy tales of science. lb.

All diseases quench'd by science, no man halt, or deaf

or blind. ' Locksley Hall Sixty Tears After.'

When science reaches forth her arms
To feel from world to world, and charms
Her secret from tbe latest moon.

'In Memoriam,' xxi.

ot have joined in the much-quoted toast given

y Keats to the infamy of Newton : " The only

hiogs which threatened to paralyze his artistic

unction were the overwhelming revelations of

astronomy";* which fear is strange enough when

we remember that Tennyson was a great star-

;azer and that of this very science, in which he

bought to behold a menace looming over poetry,

a contemporary poet had sung :

L'astronomie, au vol sublime et prompt.f
Victor Hugo was not afraid of any science what-
ver, and Mr. Swinburne could write of him :

'The mysteries of calculation were hitherto,

' imagine, a field unploughed, a sea uncloven, by
(he share or by the prow of an adventurer in verse.
Che feat was reserved for the sovereign poet of
he nineteenth century."

Counterparts to Tennyson's and Hugo's enthu-
siasm for science are exhibited in Foe's sonnet
entitled ' Science/ of which I give here the first
ines :

Science ! true daughter of Old Time thou art !
Who alterest all things with thy peering eyes :
Why preyest thou thus upon the poet's heart.,
Vulture, whose wings are dull realties ?
How should he love tbee ?

and in the opening words of Coleridge's ' Essay on
Shakespeare 7 : " Poetry is not the proper antithesis
to prose, but to science. Poetry is opposed to
science, as prose to metre." In the same spirit
wrote Macaulay in one of his ' Essays':

"In an enlightened age there will be much intelli
sconce, much science, much philosophy, abundance of
just classification and subtle analysis, and of wit and
eloquence, and of verses, and even of good ones; but
Little poetry. Men will judge and compare. They will
talk about the old poets, and comment on them, but they
will not create them, and to a certain degree enjoy them.
But they will scarcely be able to conceive tbe effect
which poetry produced on their ruder ancestors, the
agony, the ecstasy, the plenitude of belief."

Of a quite contrary opinion seems to have been
Carlyle, at least when he wrote: "Poetry is not
dead ! it will never die. Its dwelling and birth-
place is in the soul of man, and it is eternal as
the being of man." Byron repeatedly stated
that poetry has nothing to fear from science :

Truth sometimes will lend her noblest fires,
And decorate the verse herself inspires.
Let Poesy go forth, pervade the whole. ||
Tmth, the great desideratum !^[

'Tis the part

Of a true poet to escape from fiction
Whene'er he can.**

* Nineteenth Century, October, 1893, pp. 662, 663.
f Victor Hugo, ' L'Ane.'
j Nineteenth Century, November, 1893, p. 734.
| ' Essays,' 1894, vol. i. p. 73. Cp. ' Signs of the
Times ' in vol. ii. pp. 230 tqq.
II 'English Bards.'
4f 'Don Juan,' vii. 81.
** lb., viii. 86.

8*8. X. JULT 4, '96 ]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

That true nature which sublimes
Whate'er it shows with truth. *

Even Wordsworth, who is known not to have
been a great friend of science, did not hesitate to
to say f that

"if the time should ever come when what is now called

science shall be ready to put on, as it were, a form

of flesh and blood, the poet will lend his divine spirit to
aid the transfiguration, and will welcome the being thus
produced aa a dear and genuine inmate of the household
of man."

The question of the relation of science to litera-
ture an important one, as it also implies that of
the future of the latter has been recently taken
up and treated in different ways by men both of
letters and science. In an article entitled * Hopes
and Fears for Literature, ' Prof. Dowden refers to
the opinion held on the matter by Miss F. P.
Cobbe, who, in writing on 'Literature, Reli-
gion, and Moral versus Science,' affirms : " When
science, like poverty, comes in at the door, art, like
love, flies out of the window." Quite different is
the opinion of Matthew Arnold for him

"the future of poetry is immense. Criticism and science
having deprived ua of old faiths and traditional dogmas,
poetry, which attaches itself to the idea, will take the
place of religion and philosophy, or what now pass for
such, and will sustain those who, but for it, are forlorn."

Prof. Dowden sums up his own views in these
words :

" The results of scientific study are in no respect
antagonistic to literature, though they may profoundly
modify that view of the world which has hitherto found
in literature an imaginative expression. The concep-
tions of a great cosmos, of the reign of law in nature, of
the persistence of force, of astronomic, geologic, bio-
logic evolution, have in them nothing which should
paralyze the emotions or the imagination. To attempt,
indeed, a poetical 'De Rerum Natura' at the present
moment were premature ; but when these and other
scientific conceptions have become familiar they will
form an accepted intellectual background from which
the thoughts and feelings and images of poetry will stand
out quite as effectively as the antiquated cosmology of
the Middle Ages."

Sir John Lubbock combats those who pretend
that science withers whatever it touches (because
" Science teaches us that the clouds are a sleety
mist, Art that they are a golden throne "), affirm-
ing that, "for our knowledge, and even more for
our appreciation, feeble as even yet it is, of the
overwhelming grandeur of the Heavens, we are
mainly indebted to Science."!) ID the same spirit
speak of the subject Mr. H. M. Posnett, in the
preface to his 'Comparative Literature ' (1886),
and Mr. J. Burrough, in an article on ' The Lite-

* 'Don Juan,' xiv. 16.

t In his essay on the ' Principle* of Poetry.'

1 Fortnightly Revise, February, 1889.

See in his posthumous volume of ' Essays.' Cp. also

iojo erature and Science ' (Nineteenth Century, August,
Io82, p. 216).

i| 'Beauties of Nature,' 1893, p. 257.

rary Value of Science,'* who shows how (p. 188)
"a literary and poetical substrate" is to be found
in Darwin's works. I shall also add that the
question was treated in England so early as
1824 in an article of the European Magazine
(pp. 383 sqq.) 'On the Necessity of Uniting the
Study of the Belles Lettres to that of the Sciences.'
But the question is an international one ; and
perhaps it will not be uninteresting to see how it
was differently discussed by scientific and literary
men in France, Germany, Spain, and Italy. Con-
sidering the peculiar character of this paper, I
shall limit myself to a list of quotations and refer-
ences, which, however, will not prove quite useless
to him who chooses to trace the history of the
question. PAOLO BELLEZZA.

Circolo Filologico, Milan.

( To be continued.)

PEPYSIANA. 1. In a brief for the French
Protestants, dated 31 Jan., 1688, the name of
" Samuel Pepys " appears amongst the number of
those appointed "to dispose and distribute the
money."

2. In 1685 was published * A True Account of
the Captivity of Thomas Phelps, at Machaness, in
Barbary, and of his Strange Escape ' in that; year.
It contains the following dedication, printed at the
back of the title-page :

To the Honourable Samuel Pepys, Esq. ;

SIR, Having by your generous Favour had the
Honour of being introduc'd into His Majesties presence,
where I delivered the substance of this following Narra-
tive, and being press'd by the importunity of Friends to
Publish it to the World, to which mine own inclinations
were not averse, as which might tend to the information
of my fellow Sea-men, as well as satisfying the curiosity
of my Country-men, who delight in Novel and strange
Storias ; I thought I should be very far wanting to my-
self, if I should not implore the Patronage of your ever
Honoured Name, for none ever will dare to dispute the
truth of any matter of Fact here delivered, when they
shall understand that it has stood the test of your sagacity.
Sir, Your Eminent and Steady Loyalty, whereby you
asserted His Majesties just Rights, and the true Privi-
ledges of your Country in the worst of times, gives me
confidence to expect, that you will vouchsafe this con-
descension to a poor, yet honest Sea-man, who have
devoted my Life to the Service of His Sacred Majesty
and my Country ; who have been a Slave, but now have
attained my freedom, which I prize so much the more,
in that I can with Heart and Hand subscribe my self,
Honourable Sir,

Your most Obliged and Humble Servant

THO. PHELPS.

T. N. BRUSHFIELD, M.D.
Salterton, Devon.

PORTRAITS OF BISHOP MORLET, OF WINCHESTER
(1662-1684). There are two portraits in oils of
this eminent prelate at Oxford, one in Christ
Church Hall, by Sir Peter Lely, and another ia the
hall of Pembroke College, which have doubtless

* Macmillan's Magazine, vol. liv. (1835), pp. 184 t<iq.

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[8"> S. X. JULY 4, '96.

been several times engraved. A very fine one, a
three-quarter length, in oils, depicting the bishop
in his episcopal habit, used to hang in the dining-
room at Balnaboth, in Forfarshire, the seat of the
Hon. Col. Donald Ogilvy, of Clova, who had
married Maria, fourth daughter of James Morley
Esq., a lineal descendant of the bishop. No doubt
there is an additional one in the collection at Farn-
ham Castle. An old friend of mine, who died in
1864 the Rev. George Morley, vicar of Newport
Pagnell, Bucks was also lineally descended from
his namesake.

Charles II., who seems to have admired good
men, and often to have preferred them to high
ecclesiastical appointments, is reported to have
said, on nominating him to the valuable see of
Winchester, knowing the prelate's munificent
nature, " Morley never would be the richer for it."
For in those days, in reference to its value, it was
said, "Canterbury was the higher rack, but Win
Chester was the better manager." "Non deficit
alter,' 1 the recently deceased prelate, the eighty-
fourth bishop, has bequeathed to his successor
Farnham Castle, beautifully furnished, and a col-
lection of full-length portraits in oil ranging from
William of Wykeham to himself.

JOHN PICKFORD, M.A.
Newbourne Rectory, Woodbridge.

A COUNTRY FARMER'S LIBRARY ONE HUNDRED
AND FIFTY YEARS AGO. Perhaps this clipping
from a recent second-hand bookseller's catalogue is
worth noting :

"Beveridge (Bp.), Private Thoughts on Religion, &c.,
tenth edition, thick 12mo., calf, M.T., 1720. The late
owner baa written on fly-leaf, ' This Book 100 years ago
(note written in 1845) was the most prominent Book in
the Country Farmer's Library. A fanner at that time
had seldom more than half a dozen books, and this was
the most prominent. My Grandfather's Library con-
sisted of the following : 1. The Bible, Testament, and
Prayer Book ; 2. Beveridge's Private Thoughts ; 3. The
Practice of Piety; 4. Robinson Crusoe; 5. The Ready
Reckoner ; 6. Dictionary ; 7. Robin Hood.' I give this
note as I think it worth preserving."

Seven volumes in all : three religious ; poetry and
fiction, two ; history of language, one ; commercial,
one. It would have been very easy to make a worse
selection. W. SPARROW SIMPSON.

REV. ROBERT SIMPSON. Born in 1796, the
eldest son of Robert Simpson, jeweller, of Osmas-
ton Street, Derby. Of Queen's College, Cambridge
(B. A. 1819, M. A. 1822). Having taken orders he
became curate of St. Peter's, and subsequently
minister of St. George'*, Derby. He then removed
to Newark, Notts, as curate of St. Mary Magdalen.
In 1837 he was appointed perpetual curate of the
newly formed parish of Christ Church, Newark,
but was compelled to resign the living in February,
1844, on account of declining health. He, however,
accepted the perpetual curacy of St. Luke's, Sker-

ton, near Lancaster, in 1850. Simpson died at
Skerton on 6 May, 1855. He was author of :
(1) * A Collection of Fragments, illustrative of the
History and Antiquities of Derby,' 2 vols. 8vo.,
Derby, 1826; (2) ' State of the Church in the
County of Nottingham and Diocese of York,' 8vo. ?
London, 1836 ; (3) 'The History and Antiquities
of the Town of Lancaster/ 8vo., Lancaster, 1852.
According to Glover ('Hist, of Derbyshire,' ed.
Noble, vol. i. pt. i. p. 109, and vol. ii. pt. i.
p. 610) Simpson made large collections towards
a history of Derbyshire. He was F.S.A. and
M.R.S.L. GORDON GOODWIN.

ENTRIES IN PARISH REGISTERS. The following
entries in the registers of St. Dunstan, Stepney,
may be thought worth bringing to light historically :

" 9 April, 1641. Baptism of William, son of Frances
Cleere, of Ratcliffe Highway, single woman, begotten as
she affirmeth by William Davis, of St. Mary Overies, in
Southwerke, Keeper of the Counter in Southwerke,
delivered in the Cage in Ratcliffe Highway."

"4 August, 1641. Baptism of Gabriel), sonne of Anstis,
the wife of Thomas Preston, of Ratcliffe Highway,
Maryner, whom she affirmeth to be begotten by her said
husband, who is yet reported to have been forth at sea
ever since Midsomer, A.D. 16404 days olde."

"9 September, 1647. Marriage of Peeter Pyper, of
Shadwell, Maryner, and Elizabeth Curwin, of the same,
mayd."

"4 January, 1649. Baptism of Contrition, son of
Contrition Sparrow, of Ratcliffe, Shipwright, and Re-
becca, his wife."

C. J. F.

CUSTOMS OF THE MANOR OF WALES. An old
paper document, of which the following is a copy,
has been lent to me :

Wales Cork.

The xxiii of October 1593 wee doe find certayne cus-
tomes amongst others for coppyholders.

1. We may let our lands for three yeares or less with-
out fyne to the lord, by our custome.

2. We may take all kind of wood for our own useges as
hay boute, geire boute, plow boute, wayne boute, and all
kind of nessesary useges by our customes, so we doe not
sell it or give it.

3. An heir of copiehold land ought by our costomes
to come in and crave to be admitted tennant within three
half years after the death of his annsessors; if the lord
dp keep his court costamly or els the lord may sease of
ais lands.

4. We ought to keep our houses in repare with thack
and morter or [be] presented according to trespas.

5. We ought to have marie for oure own land byour
costomes.

6. We may have turfes whinnes and brakin and stone
or our buildings and repareing our houses upon the com-
mon or waste by our custom.

These instans wear found by homage of the court of
Wales upon their othes the day and year abovesaid
before mee John Milner steward of the said court.

The paper document is in a contemporary hand.
Wales is about eight miles from Rotherham.

S. 0. ADDT.

ROUGH LEE HALL. While on a visit recently
o the district rendered famous by Ainswortb'0

8*8. X. JULY 4, '96.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

'Lancashire Witches,' my rambles took me to Rough
Lee, near Barrrowford, where Alice Natter's quaint
gabled mansion still stands picturesquely on the
banks of Pendle Water. The old trees, encircling
wall and terrace, have long since disappeared, but
the outward framework of the old hall (" mansion,"
the novelist calls it) is in fairly good condition,
though two-thirds of the interior are sadly in need
of repair, albeit the good woman of the inhabited
portion informed me that the rest of the building
was "soon going to be fettled." The sooner the
better, otherwise this interesting relic of bygone
days will soon have joined the things that were,
the little chamber which was the scene of Mistress
Nutter's nocturnal interviews with the arch-fiend
being particularly rickety. Adjoining the disused
part of the edifice is a low wall, in which an oblong
stone lies embedded, about one and a half by two
feet, bearing an inscription, now too weather-worn
to be deciphered. Local tradition says it came
from the celebrated Malkin Tower, hard by ; but I
question very much whether that tower existed
otherwise than in Ainsworth's brain. The
stone evidently did come from some tower in the
neighbourhood, for the only traceable lettering is
the first line, which sets forth that "this Tower
was built " but where ? The inscription ends with
a date, of which only the first two figures remain,
" 16 ." Can any one say where this stone hails
from ; and does any one possess a tracing of the
inscription ? Mr. James Carr makes no allusion
to it in his 'Annals of Come.' Does Whittaker
give it in his ' History of Whalley ' ? It seems a
far cry from Rough Lee to London ; but I have
inquired in local journals unsuccessfully, and hope
to have better luck in ' N. & Q. J. B. S.

Manchester.

QUOTATION FROM SCOTT. In a remarkably
exhaustive and lucid article on Lyly, a writer in
the Quarterly Review for January, p. 135, speaks
thus of the dramatist's presentation of women :

" AB to women, Lyly gives us only their outward husk
of wit, raillery, and flirtation. It is

Woman in her hours of ease,
Uncertain, coy, and hard to please,
that he paints : the lepida et dicacula puellavroTO&n on
her Bocial and superficial side."

Now Scott's apostrophe to woman in ' Marmion,'
vi. 30, is broader than this quotation indicates',
for it points to the female attitude in the ordinary
and even tenor of life the exact words are "our
hours of ease" the circumstances not demanding,
and therefore not eliciting, the depth of her
nature and her manifold resources.

THOMAS BATNE.
Helensburgb, N.B.

ROTTEN Row. I am not aware whether a
satisfactory explanation of this name has ever been
offered. If not, may I suggest that its origin may

have something in common with that of a way
which once existed in Fulham, called Raton Rowe ?
This spelling occurs in the minutes of a Court
Baron held 28 April, 1455. Possibly some of the
learned philological readers of 'N. & Q.' will
favour us with their opinions.

CHAS. JAS. FRET.

[See !* S. i. 441 ; ii. 235 ; v. 40, 160 ; 2 nd S. iv. 385 ;
3 rd S. ix. 213, 361, 443; xii. 423, 509.]

SCOTLAND AND RUSHBROOKE : SURNAMES.
Possibly the following inscription, from the little
church of All Saints, at Honington, Suffolk, may
be of interest :

" In memory of Robert Rusbbrooke of this parish,
gent: descended from the antient Family of Scotland of
Scotland Hall in Polstead, Suffolk. But about the year
MCL Rushbrooke near St. Edmund's Bury becoming their
chief Seat they acquired by the Usage of those Times A
Surname from the Place, and were called Rusbbrooke of
Rusbbrooke. He lived an animating Example of all
those Virtues which render even a private Station
eminent. He died Nov. the xxi. MDCCLIII. Jilt. LXXXI.
Susanna Rushbrooke his wife (the daughter of George
Barbara, Gent.) after lamenting him Ten Years, died
Nov. the viu. MDCCLXIII. J3t. ixxv.' :

Hard by Honington Church is the cottage in
which Robert Blopmfield was born in 1766. It
has been very considerably restored, but the main
structure is said to be as it was when the author
of the ' Farmer's Boy ' was born there.

JAMES HOOPER.

EPISCOPAL CHAPELS IN LONDON. (See 8 th S.
ix. 221.) I have before me a copy of the 'Works of
the Rev. Richard Cecil,' in four volumes, arranged
by Josiah Pratt, 1811, from which some particulars
may be gathered as to Episcopal chapels in London
at the beginning of the present century. From
'Memoir of Cecil,' vol. i. p. xvi, I make the
following extract : " For some years he [Cecil]
preached a lecture at Lothbury at 6 o'clock on the
Sunday morning [this was not at a chapel but, I
believe, at the church at which afterwards the Rev.
Mr. Wilkinson officiated]. He found the walk at
that early hour in winter very dangerous, as most
of the lamps were gone out and few persons stirring
except those who wander for prey. At this time
he had the whole duty of St. John's [i. c., St. John's
Chapel, Bedford Row] ; and also an evening lecture
at a chapel in Orange Street, Leicester Fields, at
that period a regular chapel in the establishment.

The chapel at Orange Street where he preached

on Sunday evenings and on Wednesday evenings
for many years being about to be repaired, it was
relinquished, and the chapel in Long Acre was
engaged in conjunction with his friend the Rev.
Henry Foster, who had the morning duty: here
the same congregation attended." I may add that
the chapel in Orange Street, Leicester Fields, still
remains, but is now in the hands of a Dissenting
body. St. John's Chapel, Bedford Row, has dis-
appeared ; it was " Mr. Cecil's most important

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[8* S. X. JULY 4, *96.

sphere of duty," and further particulars of his
ministry there are given in the memoir.

While we have Cecil's works before us it may be
well to take an opportunity of noticing his funeral
sermon, " preached Jan. 8, 1808, at the Church of
the United Parishes of St. Mary Woolnoth and St.
Mary Woolchuroh Haw, Lombard Street, on the
death of their late Rector, the Rev. John Newton,
who departed Dec. 21, 1807, in the 83rd year of
his age." He is described as the faithful and wise
steward (Luke xii.). Newton had just been buried
at the east end of the church, as appears from the
following passage in the sermon : " The worne-out
body of him who long intreated you to be mindful
of the day of your visitation is now a mass of in-
animate clay under that communion table, his lamp
broken, his tongue silent " (vol. ii. p. 436).

S. ARNOTT.
Baling.

THE NATIONAL PORTRAIT GALLERY. It may
appear invidious to point out deficiences in the
arrangement of the pictures at the National Por-
trait Gallery, looking to the hasty manner in which
the collection was put together ; but it is not too
much to expect that the inscriptions on the por-
traits should be consistent, instead of being in some
instances contradictory ; and the authorities will
perhaps not object to have their attention
called to a few cases in point. A portrait of Sir
William Erie is described as being by a painter
unknown, but at the left-hand corner is the name
" F. A. Tilt, 1868," which appears to be the name
of the artist and the date of the drawing. Another
portrait, of Lord Hard wick, copied from a picture, is
said to be by an unknown artist, but the words
"Gardiner delin." are clearly discernible at the right-
hand corner of the drawing. An inscription on the
frame of a portrait of the Countess of Grammont
(La belle Hamilton), " L'anglaise insupportable de
M e . de Caylus," by Lely, sets out that "the
popular memoirs bearing her husband's name were
written by her brother, Antony Hamilton, who
fought in the army of James II.," while on another
portrait of the same lady, copied from Lely by J. G.
Eccardt, the countess is described as " married to
Philibert, Comte de Grammont, author of the
* M6moires.' " One of these inscriptions is clearly
wrong. The first is the right version.

JNO. HEBB.

How MIRACLES CAN BE MADE. The porch of
the recently erected Roman Catholic church of St.
Thomas of Canterbury, at St. Leonard's-on-Sea,
contains a figure of St. Thomas, over the door,
with the hand stretched out in the act of blessing.
Coming up the road on the morning of 14 June,
I saw the fingers move several times, slowly from
side to side, as if bestowing a benediction. Had
I been purblind I might have gone away thinking
of miracles. But looking closely, I saw a sparrow

sitting on the statue, its head on a line with the
fingeri?. As the sparrow turned its head from side
to side, the bird being much of the same colour as
the stone, the effect was just as if the motion were
in the hand when seen from a few yards off.

EDWARD H. MARSHALL, M.A.
Hastings.

CHURCH BRIEFS. (See 8 th S. ix. 421.) The
ancient church collections upon briefs are often
valuable in bringing light upon past events. Even
where in themselves they are ambiguous or want-
ing, yet by comparison one with another they
may help in elucidating and perpetuating events.
The process of "putting two and two together"
often converts doubt into tolerable certainty. I
have a case in point.

The following entries occur respectively in the
parish books of East Wellow and Stanton St.
John :

1671, May ye 14. Collected for ye towne of Mere in
ye County of Wilts, 2s. Id.
1671. Collected for Meere in Wilt?, 3s. 2d.

In neither entry is the object of the collection
given. But in the church books of St. Margaret,
Westminster, is this entry :

1671, Jan. 18. Towards the great loaa by fyre in the
towne of in our County of Wilts, 2Z. 12*.

Putting these three entries together, they seem
fairly to evidence the fact that a fire took place
here in 1670. We have no local record of such a
fire, and even tradition is silent ; though indirect
evidence points to the probability of a fire having
taken place.

It is probable that some of the readers of * N. & Q.'
may know of notices of briefs in church books where
the "fyre" at Mere is distinctly stated. If so,
and they will kindly send them to me, I shall
feel much obliged. J. FARLEY RUTTER.

Mere, Wilts.

GOVERNOR OR GOVERNESS. Last month Her
Majesty appointed the Princess Henry of Batten-
berg " Governor of the Isle of Wight "; but the Isle
of Wight Express, either facetiously or ignorantly,
styles the Princess " Governess " of this island.
To what cause should this blunder be ascribed ?

E. WALFORD.

V r entnor, Isle of Wight.

" WHOA !" The word whoa! used in calling on
a horse to stop is merely a variant and emphatic
form of ho ! formerly used in the same sense. This
is easily proved ; for Chaucer has ho ! in the sense
of "halt" ('Cant. Tales/ B 3957). When King
Edward IV. had to use this exclamation, he
actually turned it into whoo ! " Then the kyngr,
perceyvyng the cruell assaile [onset], cast his staff,
and with high voice cried whoo ! " (' Excerpta His-
torica,' p. 211), Which stopped the tournament ;
and no wonder. WALTER W. SKJEAT.

8" 8. X. JOLT 4, '96.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

We must request correspondents desiring information
on family matters of only private interest to affix their
names and addresses to their queries, in order that th
answers may be addressed to them direct.

JOHN MALCOLM. Can any one give me in-
formation as to the family of John Malcolm
Born probably in 1713 ; he appears first in
America in 1749, at which date he had a child
born to him by Margaretta Ward, his first wife.
He owned a large plantation in the State of Dela-
ware, which was named Monkton Park Monkton
appearing also in the names of his children. It is
known that he had considerable interests in the
West Indies, was a man of some importance in his
own neighbourhood, and had a coat of arms, since
lost. He is said to hare been at one time an officer
in the British navy. Died 1803, aged ninety
years. The name Neill occurs in the names of
some of his children. Was he any relation to
Neill Malcolm, of Poltalloch, mentioned in Burke's
' History of the Landed Gentry,' who succeeded to
that estate through his cousin in 1785? This
Neill Malcolm married Mary, daughter of Philip
Honghton, of Jamaica. It is known that either
he or some other member of the Malcolm family of
Poltalloch had large interests in the West Indies
about this time. M. L.

TANNACHIB. What is the meaning of Tannachie,
or, as the old spelling has it, Tannachy ? This is a
Scotch name. It occurs in Sutherland shire, Banff-
shire, and, till within one hundred and fifty years
or so, also in Elginshire. HY. B. TULLOCB.

Glencairn, Torquay.

INSCRIPTION AT PERPIGNAN. It is stated in * A
Summer in the Pyrenees,' by the Hon. James
Erskine (Murray, 1837), that in the cathedral
church of Perpignan there is a "Gothic inscription
upon two pillars [which] states that in the year
1324, the epoch of its foundation, the first stone
was laid by Sanchez, King of Aragon, and the
second by Edward, Prince of England " (vol. i.
p. 32). The author suggests that the stone was
laid by the Black Prince when on a visit to the
King of Aragon. Has the original text of this
inscription been printed ? If so, where is it to be
seen ? ASTARTE.

SCOTTISH NATIONAL Music. This subject has
attracted my attention from my observing in a book
published by Mr. John Glen, of Edinburgh, the
following, referring to the song "Lost, lost is my
quiet." Mr. Chappell, in his ' Popular Music of
the Olden Time,' contends that it is an English
tune, although Burns, who wrote to it " Ye banks
and braes o' bonny Doon," considered it the com-
position of an amateur. Being anxious to ascertain

Songs," which Mr. Chappell quotes, can any of
your readers give me, and others like me, the
correct date of that publication ? Chappell states
it was not entered at Stationers' Hall, as the
collection consisted exclusively of "old songs,"
while Glen maintains that " Dale's Scotch Songs,"
though all old, are entered there, and asks, Why
in the one case and not in the other ? Chappell
informs us that Dale began printing in 1780 ; but
that has nothing whatever to do with this question.
In the ' Popular Music of the Olden Time ' there
is the following garbled quotation from Sir John
Hawkins's ' History of Music ' :

' Mr. Gosling and Mrs. Hunt sung several compositions
of Purcell, who accompanied them on the harpsichord ;
at length the Queen, beginning to grow tired, asked
Mrs. Hunt if she could not sing the old Scots ballad of
' Cold and Raw.' Mrs. Hunt answered ' Yep/ and sung
it to her lute."

Mr. Chappell leaves out the words " old Scots."
Still, in a foot-note he gives apparently his reason
for doing so, and, referring to Hilton, does not
mention that he terms his catch a Northern catch,
either there or elsewhere.

If any of your readers can throw additional
light on these questions, or on the history of the
music of our country, it would be greatly valued
by those who, like myself, take an interest in this
subject. I like the truth, whatever it may be.

SCOTIA.

CHURCH BRIEF FOR A LONDON THEATRE. In
many lists of church briefs contained in parish
registers, &c., will be found recorded collections to
aid the rebuilding of a theatre that was burnt
about the year 1762. The following are cited as
examples :

Loughborough. " 1673, Brief for rebuilding
the Theatre Royal in London" (Burn, ' Parish
Registers,' 178).

Chapel-en-le-Frith. "1673, May 18th, Collec-
ion made for Royal Theatre, nr. Brussel [Russell]
Street, St. Martin-in-the-Field, London, 3*. Sd."
Reliquary, vi. 67).

Other notices in 'N. & Q.,' 5 th S. iii. 385 ; iv.
448.

I have been unable to find any mention of this
heatre, its site, or account of the fire in any of
he ordinary works on London. I have a note that
t occurred in January, 1672, and that at the same
ime sixty houses were burnt ; but the authority
or the information is warftrng. Any references
x> works or particulars will be of especial value.
T. N.-BRUSHFIELD, M.D.
Salterton, Devon.

SIR GEORGE NARES. An old friend of mine,
Capt. W. H. Nares, R.N., had a fine engraving of
this judge, a Justice of the Common Pleas, who
was his grandfather, wearing his robes, and often
used to inquire where the original portrait was.

the real date of " Dale's Collection of English | On the authority of FOBS, in his ' Dictionary of

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[8* S. X. JULY 4, '96.

English Judges,' Sir George was born in 1716 and
educated at Magdalen College School and at New
College, Oxford, married a daughter of Sir John
Strange, and died in 1786. The same authority
gives Eversley, in Hampshire, as his burial-place,
where Charles Kingsley, the well-known writer,
who was for so many years the respected rector
of that parish, is buried. Did he possess an estate
in that parish ; or was he in any way connected
with it ? One of his sons was Dr. Edward Nares,
Professor of Modern History at Oxford, and at
one time vicar of St. Peter in the East in Oxford,
a benefice in the gift of Merton College, of which
he was formerly fellow. He married Lady Char-
lotte Churchill, daughter of the Duke of Marl-
borough, and died in 1848.

JOHN PICKFORD, M,A.
Newbourne Rectory, Woodbridge.

DIALECT. A native of Lincolnshire said to me,
not long ago, "That raw of radishes has been
wealed all ower sin 1 1 sew it "; by which he meant
that various accidents had happened to the young
plants, so that in many parts of the row empty
gaps occurred, the earth in some places being dis-
turbed and raised in mounds. By "wealed"
he probably intended wealed or waled, which
usually signifies marked with blows or stripes. Is
not his application of the word unusual ?

A girl who was also born and brought up in
Lincolnshire remarked, a few days since, " She
does make a dole after him w " dole " being the
equivalent of lamentation. W. L.

PHILIPPINE WELLSER. Is anything known of
the painter of the portrait of Philippine Wellser
at Innspruck (8 th S. ix. 355), said to be the only
authentic portrait of her 1 E. G.

PATE STUART, EARL OF ORKNEY. Can any
reader of ' N. & Q. 1 help me respecting the fol-
lowing ? Where can an account be found of Pate
Stuart, Earl of Orkney (a natural son of one of the
kings of Scotland), his pedigree and descendants ?
Is the present Earl of Orkney descended from him ?
Are the Stewarts of Appin related to Pate Stewart ;
and was Alan Peck Stewart (see Robert Louis
Stevenson's 'Kidnapped') a real person? Can
an account be found anywhere of the Rev. William
Stewart, late Vicar of Swords (eight miles from
Dublin), a Church of Ireland beneficed clergyman,
who was waylaid and murdered after having
recited a " Satyre on Priestly Indulgences in the
Church of Rome"? What were the date and
place of his birth and date of his murder ; and
are any of his descendants alive; and where are
they? Was it Samuel Stewart, brother of the
reverend Vicar of Swords, who, wandering to
London, heard John Wesley, being indoctrinated,
became a son spiritual, and lastly a Primitive
Methodist preacher? What were the date and

place of his birth and death, and the names of his
parents? What were the names of the Stewarts
of Appin who crossed with King James's army
and fought in the Battle of the Boyne, 1690 ; and
the names of the Stewarts who, after an amnesty
was proclaimed, accepted it and took the oath of
allegiance ? Where were their lands situated ; and
were the same lands returned to them, or did they
receive grants in other parts of the country ; if so,
where? In what Irish county is Dore Glore
situated; and are the present occupiers members
of the Murphy family ? MORO DE MORO.

Chichester.

FERRAR-COLLETT RELICS. Wanted a descrip-
tion of any books, portraits, or other relics of the
Ferrar or Collett families who were living at Little
Gidding, in Huntingdonshire, in the reign of
Charles I. I have already a goodly list of interest-
ing things which are now in the possession of the
Trustees of the British Museum and of descend-
ants of the two families. I shall, therefore, be
grateful for any further additions to the list.

E. CRUWYS SHARLAND.

Beacon Lights, Westward Ho.

AUTHOR WANTED. Macaulay, in his essay on
Lord Chatham, quotes six lines from a "lively
contemporary satire":

No more they make a Fiddle-Faddle
About an Hessian Horse, or Saddle ;
No more of Continental Measures,
No more of wasting British Treasures ;
Ten millions, and a Vote of Credit.
'Tie right He can't be wrong who did it.

The quotation is taken from * A Simile,' a poem,
printed for M. Cooper, in Paternoster Row, 1759
folio. Can any of your readers tell me who was
the author of this poem ? F. G.

ST. PAUL'S CHURCHYARD. The following verse
from Pope's " Essay on Criticism ' (1. 623)
Nor is Paul's church more safe than Paul's churchyard
suggests two queries. How comes it that the
" St." in " St. Paul's Churchyard " is now always
prefixed, while in Pope's time, and long before, it
was omitted ? The translation by George Colville
(alias Coldewell) of the 'De Consolatione ' of
Boethius, dated " Anno 1556," was " Imprynted
at London in Paules Churche Yarde at the Sygne
of the Holy Ghost by John Cawoode, Prynter to
the Kynge and Queenes Majesties." No doubt
much earlier mention of " Paul's Churchyard "
(without the "St.") exists than the above, the
earliest I can find. When did the full term, St.
Paul's Churchyard, couie (again ?) into common use ?
Further, How is it that the emphasis is upon the
second syllable of " Churchyard n in this case ? I
think that in the majority of analogous two-worded
compounds the first word takes, like " church-
yard," the stress : bee-hive, grave-stone, bird's-nest,
boot-jack, lich-gate, &c. Still, we say barn-door,

8 ta S. X. JULY 4, '96.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

elm-bank', and are adopting the North-country
week-end'; but such compounds, made up of tw
nouns, with the emphasis on the second, are com
paratively rare. HENRY ATTWELL.

Barnes.

JOHN EVERARD. I would greatly value an
scrap of information concerning John Everard
D.D., temp. Charles I, The name is various!
spelt Evered, Everitt, Everad, &c. He diec
at Fulham about the end of 1640. In the Stat
Papers is a copy of an order directing Sir Wm
Becher and Ed. Nicholas, Clerks of the Council
to repair " to the dwelling of Dr. Everitt a
Fulham and to seize all his papers and bring away
such of them as may concern the State," &c
What are the facts concerning this matter ? Was
the doctor a political agitator, or suspected
sedition? CHAS. JAS. Ffe

49, Edith Road, West Kensington, W.

MILITARY FLAGS. Being interested in certain
foreign military flags carried Muring the end ol
last century or beginning of the present, I would
be glad if any of your readers could give me the
following information :

1. Flag of the Invincibles (French regiment),
captured by the 42nd, lost, and afterwards re-
captured by Lutz of the Queen's Germans, now
96th (Manchester) Regiment, at the battle of
Alexandria, in Egypt, 21 March, 1801 (see Wil-
son's Egypt,' 1803). It is stated that a repre-
sentation of this flag appeared in the prints of
the day, and is shown in one as laid out at the
feet of Sir Ralph Abercromby. Can any one say
where the prints referred to can be seen, or give
their titles ?

2. Sketch of a Dutch flag bearing the follow-
ing emblems : a figure with shield and spear,
having a distant resemblance to that of Britannia,
but more Eastern in character ; a monogram v o c
on it (v being the central letter), at the top of the
flag, and the letters p and D (widely apart) at the
bottom. What do these letters and emblems
represent ?

3. Sketch of the flag of a Hesse Darmstadt
regiment in the French service, bearing the
following emblems : a double L and x within a
wreath (1 Louis, or Ludwig, Landgrave, the tenth) ;
a crown much like an English one, and what
resembles somewhat a tulip or lily, but may be a
rough representation of a grenade. What do these
emblems represent ? C. W.

HADDOW. I shall be glad to learn the signi-
fication of this place-name. A low-lying farm of
some size, adjacent to a canal which forms the
western boundary of the parish, is popularly
known as Hodder named on the Ordnance map
Hathow but in the (seventeenth century) parish
registers Haddow. J. FERNIK.

Burton by Lincoln.

WINDMILL .

(8 th S. ix. 488.)

There is this delightful description of windmills
in Robert Louis Stevenson's 'Foreigner at Home 1 :

'There are, indeed, few merrier spectacles than that
of many windmills bickering together in a fresh breeze
over a woody country; their halting alacrity of move-
ment, their pleasant business, making bread all day with
uncouth gesticulations, their air, gigantically human, as
of a creature half alive, put a spirit of romance into the
tamest landscape."

Hugh Miller speaks somewhat to the same
effect in his * First Impressions of England and its
People,' but I cannot give the exact reference.

The "poet's corner" of a country newspaper is
hardly the place in which to look for " literature,"
but perhaps the following verses from an old
number of the Epworth Bells may interest your
correspondent. It will be noticed that the rhymes
are not arranged in the orthodox rondeau order :

The Whirling Mill.
The whirling mill goes blithely round,
I love to hear its busy sound,
I love to mark against the blue
Its white arms swinging, two and two,
Its dome with shadowy fantail crowned.

Its feet are firm in earthen mound,
Its bulk with oaken beams inbound,
It stands erect where all may view,
The Whirling Mill.

And facing windward straight and true,
It does the work it finds to do,
The wheat, the barley, sun-embrowned,
To sweet and snowy meal are ground,
And ho ! the wind sings blithely through

The Whirling Mill. B.
C. C. B.

S. W. will find the subject treated of in De

abley's 'The Windmill,' * Poems Dramatic and

yrical,' Second Series, John Lane. The poem,

onsisting of thirteen verses, is made up for the

most part of a fine metaphoric allusiveness, which

s one marked phase of this poet's work. Here

re three verses a little apart in style from the

est:

Emblem of Life, whose roots are torn asunder,

An isolated soul that hates its kind,
Who loves the region of the rolling thunder,
And finds seclusion in the misty wind.

Type of a love, that wrecks itself to pieces
Against the barriers of relentless Fate,

And tears its lovely pinions on the breezes
Of just too early or of just too late.

Emblem of man, who, after all his moaning
And strain of dire immeasurable strife,

Has yet this consolation, all atoning,
Life, as a windmill, grinds the bread of Life

The windmill in the Cheshire (De Tabley's
county) landscape, perched as it often is on some

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[8* 8. X. JULT 4, '96.

eminence to catch the breezes, even in a ruined
and quiescent state, is a noteworthy object.

ARTHUR MAYALL.
Moesley.

The diatricts in England in which windmills are,
or were, common have not produced many poets.
Such mills are seldom found except in flat countries,
where streams are few and sluggish, and they have
been almost exterminated by steam. I am a native
of Holderness, in East Yorkshire, and my earliest
recollections include windmills of many kinds, of
wood and of brick, with four, five, and six sails.
There were some very ancient and picturesque
wooden mills near York, one of which belonged
to the family of Etty the painter. I fancy it is
mentioned in his ' Autobiography.' Was not the
" tall mill that whistled on the waste," in ' Enoch
Ardeo/ a windmill ? Dr. Grosart mentions the
" whir of windmills " and the Dutch landscape of
Holderness. Mar veil's ' Poems,' p. xxi.

W. C. B.

Born in a district in which steam has long sup-
planted mills, I have always attached some notion
of romance as well as beauty to these picturesque
objects. Views very similar to my own as to
their appearance and influence found expression
in the * Table Talk' of the Gentleman's Magazine
some dozen or more years ago. I forget the date.
H. T.

LEAD LETTERING ON SEPULCHRAL MONUMENTS
(8 !l1 S. ix. 425). This question reminds me of an
incident at Ischia, which, although adding no fresh
evidence as to the date of the custom, yet has
reference to a monument of whose existence a note
in ' N. & Q.' may be desirable. One evening, in
the spring of 1876, at the Piccola Sentinella in
that island, an American, a General Darling, who
bad been in the War of Secession, and was staying
there with his wife, produced and passed round
the table a small fragment of white marble, with
embedded in it a small italic t in lead or some
other white shiny metal. He had picked it up
that day amongst the debris of a tomb erected in
the bottom of an extinct crater in Ischia and once
containing the body of, it was said, the brother of
Sir John Moore, who fell at Corunna. The tomb
had been broken to pieces, in the hope, probably,
of finding something of value inside, the loneliness
of the situation affording good opportunity for such
an act of spoliation. Never was a more singular
place chosen v for a grave the sides of the crater
being overgrown with scrub, and the place con-
veying the sensation of fiery forces underneath,
once active above, and yet latent though unseen.

J. B.

The use of lead on sepulchral monuments is by
no means so modern a practice as, in what is surely
but a temporary lapse of his memory, MR. H,

HEMS thinksr. There is ample evidence that the
Romans used lead in this manner, if not, as I think,
the Greeks likewise. An ancient English instance
occurs to me, while I recollect that when I saw that
extraordinary specimen of its kind, the great brass
of Sir John d'Aubernoun I, c. 1277, the very
patriarch of its order, which for so many centuries
has adorned the church of Stoke d'Aubernoun,
Surrey, one at least of the little escutcheons at the
head of the slab in which the plate is set was (and,
I hope, still is) blazoned with the arms of the
knight, Azure, a chevron or, where lead, and not
enamel, served for the former colour. Other
observers may have noticed similar examples in
various places. F. G. S.

Surely not so very uncommon. There is a French
inscription in Lombardic letters to Emeric de
Lumley, Prior of Finchale in 1341 and 1342, in
the south choir aisle of Durham Cathedral, and one
to Robert de Graystanes, who died about 1333, or
not long after, in the Chapter House ; both these
in lead letters. In Brancepeth Church are one or
two examples of later date, and we sometimes see
the letters that have had lead in them.

J. T. F.

Bp. Hatfield's Hall, Durham.

In the chancel of Sundridge Church, Kent, is a
slab with inscription in Lombardic capital letters,
" each letter was inlaid in brass," says the late Mr.
Herbert Haines, in * Arch. Cantiana,' vol. xvi. It
is over the tomb of John Delarue, but there is no-
date. ARTHUR HUSSET.

Wingham, Kent.

R. B.

CRAMP RINGS (8 th S. ix. 127, 253, 357). PROP.
TOMLINSON'S note at the last reference recalls to
mind a remark made by Mr. T. F. Thiselton Dyer,
M. A. , in his ' Domestic Folk-Lore.' In'writing of
the many charms resorted to for the cure of crainp,
he says :

'In many counties finger-rings made from the screws
or handles of coffins are still considered excellent pre-
servatives in days gone by a celebrated cure for this

complaint was the 'cramp ring/ allusions to which we
find in many of our old authors. Its supposed virtue
was conferred by solemn consecration on Good Friday."

In John Timbs's 'Something for Everybody,
and a Garland for the Year,' we read that " the
kings of England formerly hallowed with much

8 th 8. X. JULY 4, '96.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

ceremony, on Good Friday, rings which were worn
as remedies against cramp and falling sickness/
He also adds that a Mr. Gage Rookwode, in 1838
stated the belief in the efficacy of such rings to bi
still extant in Suffolk.

The following, from an article on ' Medical Super-
stitions,' which appeared in Chambers 8 Edinburgh
Journal, vol. i., New Series, 1844, may be worth
quoting :

" It ia by no means uncommon to meet with educatec
people who wear rings composed of zinc and copper,
which are supposed to bave a favourable effect in rheu-
matic affections, merely because platea of these metals
with a fluid between tbem. nre employed to form a
galvanic c rcle. To fire off a child's pop-gun at a
Flanders fortress would be quite as rational, and equally
effective."

This would appear to be another phase of the
"cramp-ring" superstition. C. P. HALE.

THE WHITE BOAR AS A BADGE (8 ttt S. ix. 267,
331, 358). MR. CASS, in the last paragraph of his
reply on p. 331, apparently was* misled by a mis-
print, or a mistake, in the passage he quotes from
Barke's 'General Armory,' where " boar" should
be bear. See Montagu's ' Guide to the Study of
Heraldry,' London, Pickering, 1840, p. 63 :

"The badge of his [Richard III.'s] queen, Anne
Neville, was a white bear, collared, chained, and muzzled
gold ; an ancient mark of the house of Warwick, said to
be derived from Ureo d'Abitot."

FRANCIS PIERREPONT BARNARD.
St. Mary's Abbey, Windermere.

SOUTHEY'S * ENGLISH POETS ' (8 th S. ix. 445).
MR. THOMAS BATNE says that the line,

Hope springs eternal in the aspiring breast,
was written by Samuel Rogers, the elder. Has
he forgotten that Pope had already written,
Hope springs eternal in the human breast :
Man never Is, but always To be blest 1

Epistle I., 11. 95, 96.

F. C. BIRKBECK TERRY.

" CHAUVIN ": " CHAUVINISM " (8 th S. ix. 428).
In addition to the references given by the Editor
to articles on this subject in the Sixth Series, permit
me to note those in 4 ttt S. vii. 408 ; x. 226, 281.

EVBRARD HOME COLEMAN.

STRAPS (8 th S. ix. 468). In the market-place
at Hull there stands a classical equestrian* statue
of William III. There used to be a foolish story,
current among schoolboys, that the sculptor (Schee-
inakers, I believe, but I have no books at hand),
on discovering that he had omitted the stirrups,
committed suicide. W. 0. B.

1 THE GIAOUR' (8 th S. ix. 386, 418, 491). The
other day, asking a friend with a better memory
than my own if he could call to mind any particular
occasion on which he had been called an infidel, I
received answer, "I remember a man seizing me

by the coat in a street of Constantinople and
snarling at me Ghiawr." Now this is the very
sound that Zenker caught and literated Gjawr,
being careful to explain in his preface that he
means by g the German g t or Arabic ghain, and by
j the Arabic ye. The interpolation of this ye is
the first step in the endless Turkish corruption of
such Arabic words as Jcdfir. Just as some English
turn kind into kee-ind, so all Turks turn kdghaz
into kidghaz, after which it becomes kidhaz and
kidhat. Similarly they turn kdfir into kidjir, afte?
which guttural commencement and growling ter-
mination are all that are required to turn it into
abusive Ghiawr.

However, the Edinburgh Review for July, 1813,
a mail-coach copy of which Byron mentions on
22 Aug. as having reached him, was content to trust
Byron. And there was confirmation. Dr. Clarke,
the second volume of whose travels the Edinburgh
had taken in hand in its preceding number, spelt the
word Djour, which comes to the same thing, the dj
rendering of the Arabic (and English) j being appa-
rently picked up from French writers, whose em-
ployment of this lettering, as in the case of Djerid
and Djinn is necessitated by their own j having a
different sound. Our ordinary literation of such
a word would be jawr. But the Edinburgh re-
ceives with the same equanimity that wonderful
gem, " the gem of Gi-am-schid." This was too
much for the orientalism of Tom Moore, on whose
representation " the jewel of Giam-schid " was
eventually substituted. But besides the irregular
division of the word is to be noted the fact that
the first letters are written exactly as those of
Giaour, though the word is one which, unlike the
Persian Gdivr, really does begin with j, and in Eng-
lish literation is Jamshed. The Edinburgh men-
tions the Chiaus among those well-sounding words
probably expressing things for which we have no
appropriate words of our own. But no opinion is
advanced as to what its sound is, nor is the couplet
quoted in which it occurs :

The Cbiaus spake, and as he said
A bullet whistled o'er his head.

But how Byron spake of the Chiaus, only Byron
could say. The previous occurrence of Gi-am-shid
would lead one to suspect Chi-aus, though the num-
ber of syllables required by the metre would be as
well secured by Chia-us ; and this would be more

n accordance with the actual pronunciation of the
word, which we transliterate chdwsh, though the

:hiaus spelling is not peculiar to Byron. The
derivation therefrom of English chouse, suggested

>y a passage in Ben Jonson'a ' Alchemist,' sub-

tantially explained by Gifford, approved by Dr.

Brewer and Mr. Sala, but not supported by the

0. E. D.,' has been discussed in the current sevies.

f ' N. & Q.' In any case the * Giaour' most
be accepted us a highly poetical fragment, not as a
guide to Oriental philology.

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[8 th S. X. JOLT 4, '96.

If Dr. Clarke, who travelled in 1*01, is con-
sidered a more careful observer than Lord Byron,
it is nevertheless to be observed regarding him
that he comes still nearer to the goodly etymo-
logical time of the great Sir Eoger Dowler, and
regarding both of them that, in the absence of a
guide to their systems of liberation, it is difficult
to tell for certain what either meant.

KILLIGREW.

Dr. Edward Clarke, in his well-known 'Travels
in Various Countries of Europe, Asia, and
Africa,' invariably spells this word djour. Lord
Byron adopted the spelling usual among the
Franks of the Levant. Dr. Clarke's work was
published 1819-24. I think it may be stated,
without fear of contradiction, that in England
Lord Byron's poem has been hitherto known as
' The D jour/ although I well remember the late
Mr. Murray having once pronounced it in my
hearing "Gower." RICHARD EDGCUMBB.

33, Tedworth Square, Chelsea.

Byron published his poem in 1813, and I doubt
if this word was known in English literature before
that date. Italian was then the lingua franca of
the Mediterranean, and PROF. SEE AT is almost
certainly right in saying that Byron adopted
the usual spelling among the Franks in the
Levant. But MR. JAS. PLATT, Jun., has, in his
last note, indicated the road by which that
spelling came into vogue. Oriental words
beginning with y are almost universally spelt
with a soft g, gi, j, when occidentalized. This is
most commonly seen in local and personal names,
as Jerusalem, Jericho, Jaffa, Jacob, Joseph, and
many others. The Arabic yarbu* becomes jerboa
in English books of natural history. The Turkish
yeni-cheri comes to us through the Italian as
janiuary. Similarly the form yawr (Teutonice
jawr), which, according to Zenker, is the vulgar
pronunciation of Kafir, becomes giaour in the
mouth of an Italian. The combination aou is not
diphthongal, as MR. PLATT seems to think, but
represents the sounds d and wi or u in gdwir.
At the same time, MR. PLATT rightly hits a
peculiarity in modern Turkish pronunciation,
namely, the slight sound of i after the consonants
g and k. For instance, kdtib, a writer, is pro-
nounced kiatib, and the well-known statesman
Kamil Pasha, has always been spoken of as
Kiatnil. Even in the British Isles kyar for car,
&c., is occasionally heard.

The note of A. H. merits a short reply. In
Arabic jebel means a mountain, but there is no
such word as gebd in Hebrew. In that language har
corresponds with jebel A. H. may have been
thinking of the proper name Gebal. There is no
doubt that originally the Hebrew letter gime
and the Arabic letter jlm were both pro-
nounced hard. Even at the present day the

Im is pronounced hard in Egypt and some
>arts of Arabia (Wright's * Arabic Grammar,'
econd edition, i. 5, and personal knowledge).
On this point also A. H. may consult the
Thesaurus ' of Gesenius, p. 252, with advantage.
Such words, therefore, as the Hebrew gamal and
he Arabic jamal (a camel) were originally pro-
nounced in the same way. The derivation of
giaour from the root gur is plausible. The Turks
did not borrow any words from Hebrew, but in
Arabic this root appears as jur, and jawr, the
nfinitive of the verb jdra (he deviated from the
right course) is used as an epithet, and might be
pplied to one who had deserted the faith (see
Jane's ' Arabic-English Lexicon,' book i. part ii.
p. 483). The lexicographers, however, generally
regard giaour as meaning not an apostate, but an
unbeliever in Islam, and if this signification is
admitted, the derivation from kajir would be the
more accurate. Perhaps A. H. will kindly give
the authority of a trained Orientalist for his
assertion. W. F. PRIDEAUX.

Kingsland, Shrewsbury.

OXFORD IN EARLY TIMES (8 th S. ix. 308).
When I was a child, some fifty years ago now
eheu ! fugaces), I was taught that the Ox in Ox-
ford had nothing to do with the useful bovine
mammal of that name, but that it was a corruption
of the Celtic word for water, as in usquebaugh,
and the rivers Uake and Eske. Thus interpreted,
Oxford signified not the ford over which the oxen
crossed, but the ford across the water. Perhaps
the esteemed PROF. SKEAT will (in Shakspearian
phrase) now unmuzzle his wisdom on this knotty
point, and set the question at rest for ever.

MELANCTHON MADVIG.

Oseney is not Oxford, any more than Southwark
is London ; the site of Oxford is between the
rivers Cherwell and the Isis or Thames ; Oseney is
a mere island between two branches of the latter
river, and wholly disconnected from the Cherwell.
No doubt Osenford is a mistake for Oxenford, and,
as many understand it, ox is put for ux, i. ., Usk,
Isca, Exe, an old water-name preserved in Whiskey.

A. H.

"SIMILITIVE" (8 th S. viii. 507). This word is
not an invention on the part of Mr. G. H. Kitchin.
Ash's 'Dictionary,' 1775, has, " Similitive (adj.
from simile), Expressing similitude. Sc."

F. C. BIRKBECK TERRY.

THE WORD " HYPERION " (8 th S. viii. 249 ; ix.
193, 471). I make bold to say that the language
which we speak is English, and that a large number
of words in it, including proper names, were taken
into English from French. Consequently, we
must look at the French intermediate forms, and
we are not bound by the laws of quantity in
Greek and Latin.

8">S. X. JCLY4, '96J

NOTES AND QUERIES.

No one can understand English aright till h
realizes that it is a language governed by accent
and that it takes small regard of original quantity
It is of no use for classical scholars to refer us t
Greek originals ; we shall go on saying anemon
(with a short unaccented o) in spite of them al]
And why not ?

I open, for example, my Name-index to Chaucer
and the first name I light upon is Amphioun
What is the length of the i? The man wh<
guesses will go by Latin and Greek, and wil
declare it to be long ; but it does not follow tha
it is long in English because it was long originally
On the other hand, the man who knows Old French
will ask where the accent really fell a question o
far more importance.

Now the O.F. Amphioun was formed, as th<
spelling with ou shows, not from the nom. Am
phion, but from the accus. Amphionem ; and the
accent, in late Latin, fell upon the first and third
syllables ; indeed, any Englishman, if left to him-
self, will say Amphionem still. Consequently,
the Middle English form neglected the accent on
the t, and therefore shortened the i as a conse-
quence of that neglect ; of course, the same thing
had already happened in Old French. This expla-
nation enables us to scan Chaucer's lines in ' Cant.
Tales,' A 1546, E 1716, H 116 :

The blood roydl of Cadme and Amphioun.
That Orpheus, nor of Theb-es Amphioun.
Certes, the king of Theb-es, Amphioun.
I am not prepared with quotations, but I feel
sure that the pronunciation Am'phion was common
in the sixteenth century. If it is not so stilJ, it is
because we teach our boys Latin and Greek, and
at the same time resolutely withhold from them
every chance of becoming acquainted with the
meanings of English spellings, the history of the
English language, the history of the French lan-
guage, the laws of accent, the laws of phonetic
change, and every other thing that can in any way
conduce to their knowledge of the facts that most
nearly concern our daily pronunciation. Hence
endless debates, and small sympathy with the few
who, despite all hindrances, dare to try to learn.

I suppose that Shakspeare said Hyperion because
every one else said so in his age ; for they used a
natural pronunciation, that had regularly come
about, without troubling to look out vowel-lengths
in a dictionary. Those who dispute this view can
confute me at once if they can produce evidence
to the contrary. But the evidence must be con-
temporary, or it will not be convincing.

WALTER W. SKEAT.

" CHILD " = A GIRL, AND NOT A BOY (8 th S. ix.
326)." Is it a boy or a cheel ? " is a question asked
in domestic circles in the west country hundreds
of times every day. A " cheel " is, of course, a
girl. Mrs. Hewett, in her 'Peasant Speech of

Devon' (1892), thus illustrates the use of the word :
" Well, miss, whot'th tha missis got these time,
than ? A bwoy or a cheel [daughter] ? "

HARRY HEMS.
Fair Park, Exeter.

This expression is sometimes heard in the south
of England. For instance, "Is it a boy or a
child?" When asked for an explanation, the
answer is, " A boy is a boy, a girl is a child."

T. F.

It may be worthy of note that the phrase "a
young person," as properly employed, is almost
invariably used of a female.

CHAS. JAS. FERET.

49, Edith Road, West Kensington, W.

" FANTIGUB " (8 th S. viii. 326 ; ix. 36, 90, 254,
358). I agree with C. C. B. in his doubt as to
whether this word is the same as fantod, and I
should very much like to know what is the origin
of the latter word. It is given in a ' Dictionary of
the Kentish Dialect' (E.D.S.), after fanteeg, as an
adjective, meaning "fidgetty, restless, uneasy."
Wright's ' Provincial Dictionary ' gives " Fantodds,
s., indisposition. Leic." Jago's * Glossary of the
Cornish Dialect,' 1882, has : " Fantads. Eedi-
culous [sic] notions." F. C. BIRKBECK TERRY.

FLEUR-DE-LIS (8 th S. viii. 369, 411 ; ix. 412).
M. de Saintfoix, in his 'Historical Essays upon
Paris/ translated from the French, and published
in three volumes in London, 1767, appears to give
two distinct origins for the fleur-de-lis as used in
the arms of the kings of France. He states :

' Under the first Race [which ended A.D. 752], the
heir to the Throne had the hatchet, or Angon of hia
predecessor put into his hand. He was then raised upon
the shield ; that is, he was carried by Soldiers round the
Camp upon their bucklers. Such was the noble and
simple method of inaugurating our first Kings. Neither
those who presented the hatchet or Angon, nor the
Soldiers who carried them round the Camp, ever imagined
Tom this ceremony, that they had a power of dethroning
them. This Angon was a kind of Javelin, one of whose
ends resembled a Flower de Luce. The iron in the
middle was streight, pointed, and sharp ; the other two
parts which joined to it, were curved, in the manner of
Crescent. There is all the reason in the world to
believe, that the figure formed by thia end of the Angon,
was first of all placed as an ornament, at the end of
cepters, and round crowns ; that our Kings chose it
afterwards for their Arms, and that people are mistaken
n believing that this was a Flower de Luce." Vol. ii.

It is certain, there are no vestiges of flowers de luce
o be found, either in stone or metal, nor upon medals
r seals, before the time of Lewis the Young [i.e.,
jouis VII.]. It was in his Reign, about the year 1147,
hat the Escutcheons of France began to be charged with
ilies." Ibid., p. 63.
" The coat of arms of our Kings was blue, sown with

riower[s] de luce Or It was in the Reign of

'harles V. [1364-80] that the Flower[s] de luce, which
were formerly innumerable in the standard of France,
were first reduced to three." Ibid., p. 54.

NOTES AND QUERIES.

"Bees, it is eaid, were the Symbol of tbe first Kings
of France ; and when Scutcheons were afterwards de-
vised under the third Race [which dated from A.D. y87],
those bees, which were badly cut upon ancient tomb-
stone?, were taken for Flowers de Luce. In the tomb
of Ckildfric, the father of Clovit, discovered in 1653,
near Tournay, on the banks of tbe Escaut, there was
found, among many other things, more than three
hundred small bees of gold, which had been separated,
in all likelihood, from his Coat of Arms, into which they
had been introduced." Vol, i. pp. 300 seq.

By " our Kingc," the author, of course, meant
kings of France. W. I. B. V.

The following account, from an old writer, may
be interesting to some readers :

"Thus Clodoueus perseuerynge in his erronyous lawe/
made warre vppon the Almaynes. In whych warre
beynge one daye occupyed in fyght agayn* hys enemyep/
he wyth hys people was put to tbe werse, wherof when
Clodoueus was ware/ hauyng greate drede of hym selfe,
called to mynde the often exortHcjon of hys wyfe, and
of the great vertue of her goddes Jawe/ and sodaynly
lyfte his eyen towarde beuen and sayde, god the whyche
Clptylde my wyfe doth bonoure, now helpe me. And yf
this daye 1 may passe this daunger and opteyne vyctory/
I shall euer after worsbyp the with true fayth. The

whyche prayer ekantly fynysshed the Frenchmen in

Bhortwhyle opteyned the vyctory It was not longe

after y e bleisyd Remigius was sent for. The whyche
enfourmed the kynge euffycyently in the fayth of Cryat/
& vpon an Beater daye folowynge, wyth great solempnyte

baptysed the kynge Then the kyng buylded certeyne

newe monasteryes/ and dedycat the olde temples of
idollys in honoure of Crystes sayntes. Among y e which
one was nere vnto the cytye of Parys, in the honour of
the Apostles Peter and Paule. It is wytnessed of mayster
Robert Gagwyne/ that before these dayes all Frenche
kynges vsed to bere in theyr armes . iii . todys. But after
thys Clodoueus bad receyued Crystes relygyon . iii . floure
de lyse were sente to hym by dyuyne power, sette in a
ahylde of asure/ the whyche syns y tyme hath ben borne
f 40 U Frenche KvD K e8 -" 'Fabyan'a Cronicle,' 1533,

Perhaps some will agree with me in thinking
this account quite as credible as that of the date-
tree and horns. R. R.

Boston, Lincolnshire.

OGNALL (8 tt S. ir. 48). Being unable to find
Ognall, or Augnell, I send the following suggestion
for the consideration of J. G. C. Sir Henry Spel-
man, in his * Villare Anglicum,' 1656, gives " Hugh
Hall, Lancashire, Salford Hund." A Description
of the Country Forty Miles round Manchester,' by
J. Aitkin, 1795, p. 207, says: "Hough Hall,
commonly called Hough's- end, was the seat of Sir
Edward Moseley, Bart." It is situated near the
boundary between Withington and Chorlton cum
Hardy townships. Ognall may be a corruption of
Hough or Hugh Hall. JOHN RADCLIFFE.

ST. MARY OVERIE (8> S. viii. 68, 115, 171,
238, 369 ; ix. 92).- On the south side of the chancel
of Cranford Church, Middlesex, is a figure in a
winding sheet, commemorating Lady Elizabeth
Berkeley, who died in 1635. She was a grand

niece to Anne Boleyn. The effigy is beautifully
carved in white marble and rests on a black marble
slab. One hand is clasped on the heart, as if in
the throes of the death agony, and the legs are
crossed. The whole is wonderfully realistic.
Shroud brasses are common, especially in the
Eastern Counties. There are two fine examples
at Aylsham, Norfolk, and others are met with
at Norwich, Margate, Wey bridge, Hildersham,
Cambridgeshire, and other places.

ETHERT BRAND.
93, Barry Road, Stonebridge Park.

An emaciated recumbent figure exists over the
tomb of Edmund Lacy, twenty-first Bishop of
Exeter (A.D. 1420-55), in the north aisle of his
cathedral here. HARRY HEMS.

Fair Park, Exeter.

TONSTALL, KENT, CHURCHWARDEN (8 lb S. ix.
429), From previous contributions to *N. & Q.'
it appears that at some places the two church-
wardens were chosen by the parishioners ; at other
towns both were appointed by the corporation,
and elsewhere one by the corporation and the
other by the vicar. Those who may be inter-
ested in this subject I would refer to 2 nd S.
xii. 471 ; 3 rd S. i. 19 ; 6 th S. iii. 207, 370 ; 7 th S.
i. 29, 110, 251, where they will find interesting
communications from DR. MARSHALL, JOHN S.
BURN, the author of the ' History of Parish Ee-
gisters in England,' and others.

EVERARD HOME COLEMAN.
71, Brecknock Road.

"At Bicton [Devonshire], there is only one Warden,
who is appointed by the Rector, and this has been un-
altered since 1763, the earliest year recorded in the
Parish Accounts." Trans. Devonshire Association, xxvi.
(1894), p. 339.

T. N. BRUSHFIELD, M.D.

Salterton, Devon.

The church of Sb. Mary-in-the-Castle, Hastings,
has one churchwarden only, appointed by the
incumbent. But this church was built not under
any of the Church Building Acts, but by authority
of a private Act of about the year 1825.

EDWARD H. MARSHALL, M.A.

Hastings.

An article with reference to the late Cardinal
Manning, in the Nineteenth Century for June, men-
tions that Lavington has only one churchwarden.
ARTHUR HUSSEY.

Wingham, Kent.

PREBRNDARY VICTORIA (8 h S. ix. 329, 377)
There is the following mention of this in Murray's
'Handbook to the Welsh Cathedrals/ in the
account of St. David's :

" It should be mentioned that the Sovereign is entitled
to a stall in the choir, together with one of the Prebends,
known as the * King's Cursal,' or ' Praebenda Regis.' It
is not certain when this annexation was made. There

8i b. X. JULY 4, '96.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

IB no evidence that it is more ancient than the Reforma-
tion ; but it may possibly be so, since in some foreign
cathedrals (chiefly in Spain), a 'King's Prebend ' is also
to be found." P. 132.

No doubt in the ' History of St. David's Cathe-
dral,' by E. A. Freeman and W. Basil Jones, an
old friend of mine who worthily presides over that
see, some further information upon the subject
would be found, as the book is most exhaustive.
Until recently the title of dean was unknown at
St. David's, the chief officer of the church being
the precentor. JOHN PICKFORD, M. A.

Newbourne Rectory, Woodbridge.

THE NATIONAL DEBT (8 tb S. ix. 488).
Whitaker's 'Almanack' for 1896, p. 183, states
that at the Revolution, 1688, the debt was some-
what over half a million ; that King William
added nearly sixteen millions, and Queen Anne
nearly thirty - eight. Probably, therefore, the
required date is about the beginning of George I.'s
reign, 1714. C. F. S. WARREN, M.A.

HOLBORN, HAN WELL, AND HARROW (8 th S. ix*

1 86, 289, 369, 437). When E. L. G. says he is con-
v inced that Holborn took its name from Hockley
i n the Hole, I presume be means that it took its
name from the depression in which Hockley was
situated. It is quite true that an affluent of the
Fleet took the course which is noted by E. L. G. ,
but Hockley in the Hole was on the east or left
bank of the river, while Holborn was on the west
or right bank. The affluent in question was not,
I think, the one mentioned by Stow, which I take
to have run down Holborn Hill. The inhabitants
of St. Andrew's, Holborn (ix. 369), would not have
petitioned about a stream which ran through the
parishes of St. Pancras and Clerkenwell, as was
the case with the rivulet mentioned by E. L. G.
The Fleet river naturally ran its course along a
hollow or depression, and both Hockley in the
Hole and the stream and street of Holborn derived
their appellations from this geographical fact.

I do not wish to raise a discussion on Hockley
in the Hole, which has received exhaustive treat-
ment in Pinks's * History of Clerkenwell,' pp. 155-
164, 646-649, but I should be glad to learn some-
thing of the origin of the name. Picks merely
Bays:

" Camden, writing in the sixteenth century of a village
so named in Bedfordshire, says, ' We came to Hockley-
in-tbe-Hole, BO named of the miry way in winter time,
very troublesome to travelling. For the old Englishmen
our progenitours called deepe myre hock, and hocks.
The name appears obviously to have been derived from
the Saxon hoc dirt, and leaz a pasture, muddy or dirty
field.' "

This account seems to have been followed by
Mr. Thornbury in his ' Old and New London,'
ii. 306, and it would be desirable to have expert
opinion on it. I will merely throw out the sug-
gestion that as the Domesday name of Hoxton

was Hochestone, the first syllable of that word
may have had something to do with Hockley.

W. F. PRIDEAUX.
Kingsland, Shrewsbury.

AUSTRIAN LIP (8 th S. ix. 248, 274, 374). MR.
E. LEATON-BLENKINSOPP says that " the Austrian
lip is said to have come into the Hapsburg family,
together with the dowry of the Netherlands, by the
marriage of Maximilian with Mary of Burgundy,
daughter of Charles the Bold and Margaret, sister
of Edward IV., in 1477." This is a very astound-
ing piece of genealogy. Margaret, sister of Ed-
ward IV. , was Charles the Bold's second wife, and
Mary of Burgundy was his daughter by his first
wife. It is a study for the imagination to think
what the history of England and of Europe would
have been if Charles V. and Philip II. had really
been direct descendants of the House of York. If
such was the case, Margaret, Duchess Dowager of
Burgundy, the childless widow of Charles the
Bold, would not have had to go to the trouble
of inventing spurious " White Koses " to vex the
soul of Henry VIL, and Charles V. and Philip II.
would have had a title to the crown of England
which neither of them would have neglected to
prosecute. This same blunder appeared, most
unaccountably, a great many years ago, in genea-
logical tables in both Dr. Smith's * Student's
Hume 'and his smaller history of England. The
present writer, on calling the attention of the pub-
lishers to it, received a letter thanking him, and
saying that the mistake would be rectified in future
editions, which was done. This was very long ago,
I should say fully thirty years, or perhaps even
more. F.R. S.A.Ireland.

ANCIENT SERVICE BOOK (8 th S. ix. 467).-
A similar illuminated MS. vellum cover is in
existence at St. Lawrence, Thanet. It forms the
cover of the first paper book of churchwardens'
accounts from 1582 to 1659. This paper book was
originally intended to be used as a register, but
entries were made for only about three months.
They were then cancelled, and they appear in the
parchment register, which dates from the first year
of Elizabeth. It is a leaf from a fourteenth cen-
tury service book, and the contents are chiefly
devoted to the praises of St. Baldwin (of Laon)
and St. Elizabeth of Hungary.

It is fully described in a recently published
local history of the church and of the antiquities of
the church and parish. K. W. W.

It is quite a common thing to find paper books
with covers made of old MS. service books. The
leaves about which MR. VANE inquires appear to
have formed parts of a Sarum Missal. Gen. xxxvif.
6-22 is the section which takes the place of the
epistle on the Friday after the Second Sunday
in Lent, and St. Matt. xxxi. 33-46 is the

NOTES AND QUERIES.

> S. X. JULY 4, '96.

gospel. "Ad Dominum," &c., is the gradual,
formerly sung on the steps of the ambo or rood
screen. St. Matt. xv. 1-20 is the gospel for the
Thursday in the following week, and Jer. vii. 1-7
is the lection in place of epistle for the Friday.
" Suscipe," &c., is the secret, said secreto by the
priest between the offertory and the preface. The
probable date could only be determined by inspec-
tion. J. T. F.
Bp. Hatfield'a Hal), Durham.

WILLIAM FREMAN, D.D. (8 th S. ix. 467). In
the ' Graduati Oxonienses ' and * Cantabrigienses '
there is no William Freman or Freeman, D.D.
There is a William Freman, of Hamells, Hert-
fordshire, of Magdalene College, Oxford, created
D.O.L. 1 Aug., 1747. The date suits. Freman,
so spelt, is an uncommon name, and this is pro-
bably the man wanted. It is not an unusual
blunder, when a man is spoken of as " Dr.," to
take it for granted that he is D.D.

0. F. S. WARREN, M.A.

Longford, Coventry.

William Freman, born 1702, M.A. 1733, and
D.C.L. 1747, was son of Ralph Freman, of Ham-
mells, in co. Herts, Esq., and brother of Rev.
Oatesby Freman. LEO CULLETON.

'THE Two PEACOCKS OP BEDFONT'(8 tb S. ix. 486).
A good account of these peacocks, with a dis-
sertation on clipped yews, will be found in Wal-
ford'a ' Greater London/ vol. i. p. 195. The story,
however, of the two proud sisters is only legendary,
and seems to have been evolved to account for the
curious shape of the yews, which really were only
ordinary products of the " landscape gardening " of
the last century. Sperling, in his * Church Walks
of Middlesex/ describes the yew trees as being cut
into the shape of fighting cocks.

ETHERT BRAND.

93, Barry Road, Stonebridge Park, N.W.

The legend of these birds is thus given by me
in my ' Greater London/ vol. i. p. 195 :

" The local tradition is that they represent satirically
two sisters who lived at Bedfont, and who were so very
haughty that they both refused the hand of some local
magnate, who thus immortalized their being ' as proud as
peacocks.' "

This, however, I am careful to add, "is a legend
only." E. WALFORD.

Tentnor.

FLAGS (8 S. ix. 328, 394, 472, 499). MR.
RALPH THOMAS'S authority is obviously MacGeorge
on ' Flags ' (p. 64, 11. 1-4 from bottom). If MR.
RALPH THOMAS is a constant reader of * N. & Q.'
he must be aware that this is not the first occasion
on which exception has been taken in its columns
to the claim set up by the late Dr. MacGeorge for
the exclusive use of the term Union Jack by th
navy. If in the naval service the term is onl

applicable to a diminutive of the union, " flown on
the jackstaff, a staff on the bowsprit or fore part
of the ship," MR. RALPH THOMAS need not con-
ine the search for the origin of the term Jack to
he bowsprit or any other part of a ship ; he
might even give a moment's consideration to the
ague, or surcoat, which was worn over body armour
and on which heraldic bearings were displayed.

The application of the term to the union when
lown on forts on shore is sanctioned by the
Queen's regulations for the army. I do not know
f in an account given recently in the Times of
;be hoisting of the Union Jack on the castle of
St. Angelo by Capt. Louis Stevenson of the Mino-
taur, on 30 September, 1799, the use of the term
s due to Capt. Stevenson himself, but I do know
ihat naval officers of experience see no objection
to its use in similar circumstances.

KlLLIGREW.

It is no unusual thing to see the national flag,
mown generally as the Union Jack, flying on high
days and holidays upside down upon the staff on
the top of our (Exeter) ancient Guildhall. But
;he city is always very lax in the way of its flags.
3n the last occasion appointed to be kept as the
Queen's birthday the anniversary was overlooked
entirely by the civic authorities, and no royal
standard or other flag was flown on its public
offices. HARRY HEMS.

Fair Park, Exeter.

TITLE-PAGE AND DATE OF BOOK WANTED (8 th
S. ix. 328). The title desired by ST. SWITHIN
will be ' Compendium Librorum Sententiarum
Quatuor.' A copy in the Corsini Library bears no
date, place of publication, or printer's name, and
is attributed in the catalogue (54 D. 24) to the
fifteenth century. It is one of the innumerable
epitomes of the work of Peter Lombard.

It may be worth remarking that two works by
an author of the same name that is Juan da
Fuente were published in 1582 and 1585, respec-
tively at Alcala and at Lyons. Presumably quite
a distinct personage of the same name was Joannis
de Fonte, who was chaplain to the Dean of
Cuenca in 1647, at which place he printed ' Com-
pendium Fusion is,' and another work issued in
the year following. ST. CLAIR BADDELET.

INSCRIBED FONTS (8 tb S. ix. 167, 253, 295).
The Guardian, to which W. C. B. refers, for
3, 10 June, 1891, contains, I think, the latest
exact history of this line. It is a line in one of
the leonine compositions of the Emperor Leo VI.,
the Philosopher, A.D. 886-911 son of Basil I., the
Macedonian (Leo Allatius, ' Excerpta/ Horn., 1641,
p. 398). It was one of the lines inscribed by the
Emperor Basil (Cedrenus, ap. Baron., ' Mart.
Eom.,' 16 Aug.) on the tomb of the Physician
St. Diomede, a martyr in the Diocletian per-
secution (' Anthologia,' H. Steph., Francof., 1600,

8"> 8, X. JULY 4, '96.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

p. 563). It was frequently inscribed on vessels
for purification (Rosweyde's note to Paulinus
Migne, p. 850). Gruter has an engraving of one
such from Constantinople ('Inscriptt.,' p. 1047
num. ix., fol., 1616). Grelot, the traveller, saw a
vessel of this sort at the church of St. Sophia
(' Travel?,' with plates, translation, Lond., 1683).
Later than this, Bekker, in his notes on Paulus
Silentiarius (ap. 'Scriptt. Byzant.,' Bonn, 1837,
p. 179), gives the French :

" Entre cea deux colonnea cerclees, il y a de part et
1'autre de grosses jarres, urnes ou pots de marbre armea
de leura petites canelles ou robinets. On les emplit tous

lea matins de 1'eau de la citerne qui est sous 1'eglise

Si ces deux urnea ne aont pas anciennes, on peut dire
au moins qu'ellea sont en la place de celles qui y etoient
du temps des Empereurs Grec?, ellea servoient d'agiasma
ou de sanctification aux Chretiens qui venoien't dans

cette egliae Ces vases etoient comrae les eau-benitiers

des e'glises Catholiques ; et Ton remarque memo, qu'il y
ayoit ecrit au-dessus ce beau yers Grec retrograde :
vtyov, K.T.X. Maia aujourd'hui ila ne aervent plus qu'a
boire."

For the statement of which this is a short notice,
see ' N. & Q.,' 5* S. vii. 372 ; viii. 77.

ED. MARSHALL.

See * Inscriptions on Wells/ 6 th S. xii. 349, 394,
at which latter reference F. G. refers to 5 th S. vii.
372; viii. 77, concerning the font at Melton
Mowbray. See also 'Inscriptions on Wells and
Fonts,' 7* S. i. 15, 58. CELER ET AUDAX.

THE SUFFIX "WELL" IN PLACE-NAMES (8 th S.
ix. 345, 451). I agree with CANON TAYLOR when
he says that the O.N. vollr would make "wall"
rather than "well," and at the first reference I
gave two place-names in which the suffix was
"wall." I might add to these Corker Walls and
Turner Walls old field-names which occur near
Sheffield. In a list of the hamlets and freeholders
of Derbyshire, dated 1633, which I published
some years ago, Tideswell popularly called Tidsa'
was written Tideswall, and Bradwell was written
Bradwall. These are late instances, but they help
us to ascertain the true origin of the names.

Bearing in mind, however, that the dative
singular of vollr is velli, and that, moreover,
English place-names are often in the dative, it is
to be expected that the form " well " would be as
frequently found as "wall." Again, the force of
the accent on the first syllable of dissyllabic place-
names tends to make the second very short, so
that there would be little difference between the
sound of a and e in such cases. Further, popular
interpretation may in some cases have changed
"wall" into "well." Still further, the O.N? 6
often makes English e, as old, eld ; blbogL elbow :
orn = O.E. earn, M.E. erne, an eagle.

In the majority of cases the meaning " field "
makes far better sense than "well," and on this
ground alone the derivation from vollr gains great
weight. For instance Brad well = broad field is

much more reasonable than Brad well = broad well.
For what could " broad well " be ? Not a broad
stream certainly, for there is no such thing at
Bradwell

I know very little of the place-names of the
southern counties. I see, however, that Somerset
is one of the counties in which, according to
CANON TAYLOR, no Norse place-names are to be
found. But is not Somerset itself a Norse word,
viz., sumar-setr, a summer abode?

With regard to MR. LEPPINGWELL'S query, I
notice that lepping as a variant of leaping is men-
tioned. This form also occurs in the lepping stones
by which streams are crossed. It would appear,
then, that a leaping well might mean a well of
water bubbling up or leaping from the ground or,
it may be, ebbing. But if we take " well " as the
O.N. vollr, the word might be hlaupinga-vollr,
land-louper's field, i. e., a field settled or inhabited
by some wandering tribe or family. This would
make Lowpingwall (or well) or Leapingwell (or
wall). S. 0. ADDY.

THE BOOK OF COMMON PRAYER IN EOMAN
OFFICES (8" S. ix. 469). If there is not exactly
a copy of the Common Prayer which will suit the
wish of PALAMEDES, the means of arriving at the
state of the case as to the compilation of the Prayer
Book are not wanting. Palmer's ' Origines Litur-
gicae,' Oxf. Univ. Press, was perhaps the earliest
contribution. Then there was the * Prayer Book
Interleaved ' of Beaumont and Campion, first pub-
lished by Rivington in 1865. There is also the
larger c Annotated Book of Common Prayer,' by
J. H. Blunt, first published in 1862. Dr. Goul-
burn, ' On the Collects,' illustrates the history of
this form of prayer in connexion with the ancient
offices. The question, How much comes from
ancient sources ? will be found invariably to have
passed into this How little is not ?

ED. MARSHALL.

In Blunt's ' Annotated Book of Common Prayer '
he Latin and other originals are given, so far as
)ossible, in columns side by side with the English.
3ee also Procter on the Prayer Book, and Cam-
)ion and Beaumont's ' Prayer Book Interleaved.'

I may mention that the * Dictionary of Hymno-
logy ' and Moorsom's ' Companion to Hymns An-
cient and Modern' give the originals of all the
translated hymns in that collection. I do not see
why four columns should be wanted. J. T. F.
Bp. Hatfield's Hall, Durham.

MURAL MEMORIALS (8 th S. ix. 508). A query
similar to that of NEMO appeared last year in the
Middlesex and Hertfordshire Notes and Queries
(pp. 32, 84, and 88), and therein will be found the
answer required. The heads in question are the
crests of the Mercers' Company, a demi-virgin,
with her hair dishevelled, crowned, issuing out
of and within an orle of clouds, all proper. This

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[8 th 8. X. JULY 4, '96.

is to represent the Virgin. Mr. J. Watney,
F.S.A., clerk to the Mercers' Company, gave, in
the publication already referred to, an able sketch
of the Company's property in Long Acre.

ETHERT BRAND.
93, Barry Road, Stonebridge Park, X.W.

MAID MARIAN'S TOMB (8 th S. ix. 188, 334).
The Graphic Illustrator (1834) contains an article
on Maid Marian's tomb, by J. F. Russell, who,
after his visit to the Priory Church, Little Dun-
mow, writes as follows :

" I was aware that Mr. Douce considers the story of
Maid Marian a dramatic fiction, and that the female
character which figures in the old ballads was borrowed
from a French pastoral drama of the eleventh century,
entitled 'Le Jeu du Berger, et de la Bergere,' in which
the principal persons are Robin and Marian, a shepherd
and shepherdess ; and I am well acquainted, on the other
hand, with the opinion of Mr. Steevens, Bishop Percy,
and Master Drayton, that the name Marian was origin-
ally assumed by a 'lady of high degree' who was
murdered at Dunmow Priory. On the left side of the
church I found the fair alabaster effigy of the celebrated
Matilda. The face, although much disfigured, bears
traces of former beauty; her bands are clasped as in
prayer. The following description of this figure is
deri?ed from Gough's Sepulchral Monuments.' Oo the
head, which reposes on a cushion, is a covering like a
woollen nightcap. She has the collar of 88., a necklace
of pendants falling from a rich embroidered neckerchief,
a rich girdle, and long robes. Her fingers are loaded
with rings. Her face is round and full and rather in-
expressive. At her head were two angels, now mutilated,
and a dog on each side her feet. This lady's history is
briefly as follows : She was the daughter of Robert,
Baron Fiti-walter, proprietor of Castle Baynard. who is
distinguished in English history as the ' Marshall of the
Army of God, and Holy Church,' and the leader of the
illustrious barons who extorted Magna Charta from
King John. Upon her entering her eighteenth year,
he invited the neighbouring nobles to a costly banquet.
For three days, jousts and tourneys delighted the
assembled guests; on the fourth a strange warrior
entered the lists and vanquished the bravest of the com-
batants. His gallant bearing and handsome features
enamoured the fair young queen of that high festival.
His countenance was clouded with sorrow, and as he
came, so he departed, none knew whither. Prince John
(afterwards king), who had honoured the castle with his
presence, became smitten by the charms of the high-born
maiden, and basely endeavoured to obtain her for a mis-
tress. The Baron Fitz-walter, her father, treated his pro-
posals with just and natural indignation, which so enraged
the headstrong prince that he immediately attacked
Castle Baynard and slew its owner ; but Matilda fled away
to the forest, and there on the day following was met by
the stranger knight. His burnished steel was laid aside
and he was clad in Lincoln green, the archer's garb. He
told the lady that he was Robin Hood, the outlawed Earl
of Huntingdon, and that he would shield her innocence
from the fierce and cruel ravisher. She afterwards
married Robin Hood, and when King Richard restored
him his earldom and estates, she became Countess of
Huntingdon. When her husband was again outlawed by
King John, she shared his misfortunes, and at his death
took refuge in Dunmow Priory, trusting to spend the
residue of her days in peace. King John, however dis
patched a gallant knight, one Robert de Medewe (the
common ancestor of the present Earl Manvers and

>f the writer of these notes) with a token to the fair
ecluse a poisoned bracelet. Ignorant of the accursed
leed he went to perform, Sir Robert arrived at the
'riory, and was respectfully and cordially received, left
he bracelet, and set out on his return to London,
becoming possessed of strong yearnings of love towards
Matilda, he immediately resolved to return to the priory,
and with fearful forebodings he entered the house of
rayer, and there in the chancel, on a bier covered with
lowers, was stretched the lifeless body of the unfortunate
Matilda. The bracelet was on her wrist ; it had eaten
ts way to the bone, and the fiery poison had dried her
ife blood."

R. L.

FLITTERMOUSE = BAT (8 th S. ix. 348, 476).
^enny son's employment of the word seems to
ave been so far unnoticed. It occurs in 'The
Voyage of Maeldune,' in his 'Ballads and other
:*oems' :

And we hated the beautiful Isle, for whenever we strove

to speak
Our voices were thinner and fainter than any flitter-

Tnouje-shriek.

MICHAEL F. Cox.

The word flittermouse, German Fledermaus =
bat, was in such common use in Surrey some forty

rears ago that I doubt whether a peasant in that
county would have understood the meaning of
the word bat in that sense. A full account of the
word will be found in a publication on Surrey
etymology, written by my brother, and published,

f I mistake not, by Messrs. Mitchell & Hughes
about twenty-five years ago.

ARTHUR F. G. LEVESON-GOWER.

KNIGHTS OF ST. JOHN OF JERUSALEM (8 th S.
ix. 467). The following etchings by Hollar are in
the Grace Collection in the British Museum (Port-
folio xxxii) : North View of the Hospital of St.
John of Jerusalem, South Gate ; West View of
the Chapel ; North-east View of the House. Re-
productions of these views are numerous. Those
most easily accessible will be found in Brayley's
' Londiniana,' vol. i. ; Pinks's ' History of Clerken-
well,' pp. 145, 217, 241; and Thornbury's 'Old
and New London,' ii. 307. The general view from
the north-east forms the frontispiece of Cromwell's
1 History of Clerkenwell.' W. F. PRIDEAUX.

Kingsland, Shrewsbury.

UNIVERSITIES OF THE UNITED STATES (8 tb S.
ix. 468). The Rev. T. W. Wood's 'Degrees, Gown?,
and Hoods ' gives a list of one hundred and thirty
universities and colleges in the United States.
But I think the following three conclusions are not
at all unsafe : (1) Since the book is of some years'
date, the list is probably now far from accurate ;

(2) it would be very difficult to obtain a list which
would remain accurate for many years together ;

(3) some, at least, of the " universities" are likely
to have no real claim to the title.

C. F. S. WARREN, M.A.
Longford, Coventry.

8 th S. X.JULY 4, '96.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

AUTHORS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED (8 th S. ix.
409).

They eat the fruit and blame the woman still,
is the laat line of a clever little poem, called 'Man/
which appeared in the Spectator of 7 NOT., 1891. It
was signed " Dorothea A. Alexander." H. C. B.

He sleeps his last sleep, &c.,

'The Grave of Bonaparte,' by Leonard Heath, in 1842.
See Bela Chapin, The Poets of New Hampshire,' 1883,
p. 760. From Bartlett's 'Familiar Quotations,' 1891,
p. 666. ED. MARSHALL, F.S.A.

(8 th S. ix. 449.)
Hoc Matthaeus agens, &c.

From Seduliue, translated in Neale, 'Mediaeval Hymns,'
1851, p. 82. W. C. B.

Seduliu*, 'Carmen Pascbale,' lib. i. w. 355-8, ap.
"Poett. Christ. Saec. iv.," Migne, col. 591.

ED. MARSHALL.
(8 th S. ix. 469.)

He was born a man, he died a grocer.
In 1860, a grocer's apprentice in Paris hanged himself,
leaving a letter, in which he said, " I always think of
that caricature representing a grocer standing on the
threshold of his door, and making this reflection, ' Born

to be a man and condemned to become a grocer.' I

beg my parents to erect a simple tombstone to my
memory, and to inscribe upoa it these words, ' Born to
be a man; died a grocer.'" See Illustrated London
Newt, 6 October, 1860, p. 305. W. C. B.

NOTES ON BOOKS, &o.
The Diary of Samuel Pepys, M.A., F.R.S. Vol. VIII.

Edited, with Additions, by Henry B. Wheatley, F.S.A.

(Bell & Sons.)

So far as regards the text of the Diary,' Mr. Wheatley's
authoritative edition of Pepys is complete. A further
and indispensable volume will contain an introduction,
a paper on the London of Pepys's time (with a map in
illustration of his wanderings from east to west), an
elaborate index, appendices, and, it is to be hoped,
the correspondence. Other appetizing items include a
corrected pedigree by Windsor Herald. What is of most
importance is the index, awaiting which the work, how-
ever delightful for purposes of reperusal, is useless for
literary or historical pursuits. It is with a feeling of
keen regret that the long chat with the most expansive
and truthful of companions is closed. So long have we
been accustomed to anticipate a further instalment that
we read the termination with a sigh, and feel a die-
appointment kindred to that of the reader of ' Pamela '
or ' Dombey and Son ' or ' Vanity Fair ' when the last
was known concerning the characters peopling that
microcosm. It is all very well for Coleridge, quoted by
Mr. Wheatley, to say : " It makes me restless and dis-
contented to think what a diary equal in minuteness and
truth of portraiture to the preceding, from 1669 to 1688
or 1690, would have been for the true causes, process
and character of the Revolution " (see 4 N. & Q.,' lt S.
vi. 215). This is the correct and edifying thing to say.
No doubt it is the most serious aspect of the loss we have
sustained through Pepys's fears, happily needless, for his
eyesight. We regret less, however, the uncompleted
history than the death of the friend. No more long,
curious, stimulating, and outspoken gossips can be pro-
longed into the late hours. It i#, of course, as a con-
tribution to history that the ' Diary ' was first published
its unedifying passages being cut out Very long indeed

since the translation of the MS. has it taken us to get it
"nearly" all, which represents the point, supposedly
final, now reached. Asa revelation of humanity, as what
it is the fashion to call a human document, its value is
most signal. Mr. John Morley has dwelt upon the reve-
lations of character in Rousseau. A well-known and
vivacious contributor to N. & Q.' is now telling U3 at
some length how much there is that is true in the revela-
tions of that unmitigated scapegrace and vagabond
Jacques Casanova. Schiller dwelt with approval on the
pictures of social life and morals ( !) in the confessions
of M. Nicholas. Mr. Craik is throwing all the light he
can on the scorching cynicism of Swift. Desforges,
even, has found hi? defenders. In some respects, at
least, Pepys stands facile princept. He scorns as much
the affectations of sincerity of Jean Jacques as the
boasts of impossible prowess (!) of the Chevalier de
Seingalt. He never lies. His meanest and most con-
temptible thoughts he reveals with the same frankness
as his personal maladies. He is inconceivably sincere,
and, had he not said what he has, we should have
thought it impossible that it ever should have been
said. In this respect it is that Pepys is moet mar-
vellous. Mr. Wheatley, as in duty bound, holds a brief
for him. It is supererogatory, needless. We admire
Pepys and we condemn, are shocked at him and love him.
He is, let it be owned, indifferent honest, standing with
the Coveatrys and Gaudens in an age of Petts and
Mennises. He is one of the loyal lest and most trust-
worthy servants the king baa, All sorts of good
things may be said about him. Nathless, he is the
most unmitigated and unpardonable scapegrace and
scamp ever known. Goethe says, somewhere or other,
that every man has in him that which, if known, would
make us love him or hate him, Pepys reveals both. He
is as true as conscience itself. In this latest volume be
is very " down on his luck." It is not his eyes only that
trouble him. His carefully prepared depravation of
Deb has been found out by Mrs. Pepyo, who puts him
through the smallest of sieves, watches him with lynx-
like cunning and keenness of vision. Deb has had to go,
and Jane has followed after. Poor Pepys swears fidelity
to his wife, resolves, and prays devoutly for strength to
keep his resolution. Yet be constantly tries to renew
intercourse with Deb, and at the close of the confessions
is obviously wondering how to approach the new maid,
in spite of her large hands. His other escapades we
may pass over. Like woman in the chorus in Samson
Agonistes,' he "again transgresses and again repents."
In the midst of his deepest regrets he is plotting new
turpitudes. He is indeed irreclaimable, hopeless.
Should Mr. Wheatley or another protest against dealing
with this aspect of a many-sided character, we answer
that it is this aspect this edition first reveals. Pepys in
most respects has been long before us, and we have not
now to deal with the light his ' Diary ' throws upon
history. Now first, however, do we see the self-avowed
and at heart impenitent libertine. The new volume has
valuable notes by Mr. Wheatley, and is adorned with
well-executed portraits of Charles II. and the Dake of
Albemarle. We thank Mr. Wheatley for his splendid
services. " To work, to work," we say to him, " and let
us have the index and the other promised luxuries."

Miscellanea Oenealogica et Heraldica. Edited by Joseph
Jackson Howard, LL.D., F.8.A., Maltravers Herald
Extraordinary. Vol. I. Third Series. (Mitchell &
Hughes.)

IP our memory be a faithful servant to us, Dr. Howard's
Miscellanea Genealogica et Heraldica came into being
about thirty years ago. It has from the first gone on
making steady improvement. Something a little short

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[8 th 8. X. JULY 4, '96.

of a third of a century ia a long period in human life and
manners, and habits of thought have changed much
during that time. Then, as we can well remember, a
man who devoted himself to genealogical lore was not
regarded with much complacency. The pedigree-hunter
if he escaped gibes was a lucky man. Now the aspect of
things has so far changed that it ia well understood by
all but the very ignorant that genealogy is not only a
most important help to the right understanding of history,
but, when properly employed, is calculated to throw no
little light on some of the most obscure questions of
psychology.

An interesting group of stories might be gathered
together showing the contempt in which genealogy and
its sister, heraldry, were held not ao long ago. We need
not dwell upon the brutalities which occurred during the
French Revolution, when a whole people seemed bent on
answering in the affirmative Bishop Butler's question
to Dean Tucker as to whether " nations might not go
mad aa well as individuals."

We were once engaged in examining a parish register
of the time of James I., when its custodian, the clergy-
man of the parish, said gravely that the laws with regard
to the devolution of property had been so much altered
of late that there waa now no use in preserving any
registers of an earlier date than 1812, and that, for his
part, he wished they were all destroyed previous to that
time, as, if that were done, people could not waste their
time by reading them. This we were sure was by no
means a jest, but an exercise of what the man would
have called his reasoning faculty. Here is another
instance, which at the time made a deep impression upon
us. We were in a large public library, and an under
official, who had on many occasions taken much trouble
to serve ua, pointed out with pride a valuable acquisition
which had just been made. It waa a beautiful volume,
and bore stamped on its sides the arms of a great French
noble. The design and execution were of singular
beauty. We made some remark upon them, whereupon
our friend exclaimed : " I wish another copy had been
procured, without things like that upon it. They will
corrupt the minds of the young who come to read here.
If I had my way, they would be rubbed off."

Dr. Howard interprets the title of his work liberally,
and for this we are glad. He gives his readers, from the
collection of Sir Wollaaton Franks, K.C.B., an engraving
of the book-plate of Charles O'Brien, Earl of Thoraond
in Ireland, and Field-Marshal and a Knight of the Saint
Esprit of France. The collar of the order surrounds the
shield, and behind it are two marshals 1 batons semee of
fleura-de-lya. We never saw this book-plate elsewhere.
It is especially interesting as a memorial of one of the
attainted peerages. Of course, Charles O'Brien was no
peer in British law, as the title had been attainted on
account'of its owner's loyalty to the bouse of Stuart ; but
the French king recognized these Jacobite titles, and
they are interesting to antiquaries of the present day,
now that dynastic feuds are forgotten.

To give a proper idea of this interesting volume we
should have to reprint the table of contents, so very mis-
cellaneous are the things commented on. Many old
book-plates are given in facsimile. Some are strangely
like in execution those given in the 'Analogia Hono-
rum,' which is commonly bound up with the fifth edition
of John Guillim's Display of Heraldry,' 1679. Are they
by the same artist ? The engravings of the two Monaon
brasses in Northorpe Church are very interesting. The
family are said to have been Roman Catholics. It ia
noteworthy that the brass with the arms attached is
affixed to the mediaeval altar-slab, which liea just beneath
the east window. This moat interesting church ia, we
fear, threatened with restoration. We believe there are

other Monaon memorials, which are not seen by the
casual visitor.

Among certain memoranda made by Henry Downe, a
merchant of Barnataple, we find a record of a very great
flood which occurred at Barnataple in 1537. This is
noteworthy if there be, as we have heard reported,
persons engaged in trying to form a record of the weather
in past years from chronicles and private documents.

Specimens of the Original Caslon Old Face Printing

Types. (H. W. Caslon & Co.)

To the discussion concerning the Whittingham and
Pickering types which has been conducted in our columns
we owe the receipt of this handsome volume of specimens
of the types due to the first Caslon in the early part of
last century. The interest of the volume is not confined
to the practical printer, though to such it makes most
direct appeal. It supplies, among other things, a history
of the establishment and fortunes of the Caslon foundry.

Mountain, Moor, and Loch. Illustrated by Pen and

Pencil. (Causton & Sons.)

A SECOHD edition of this guide to the West Highland
Railway has been issued. It is, as experience tells us,
a very pleasant companion on a Highland tour. Its
illustrations are well executed, and its letterpreas is
trustworthy.

Through the Green hies. (Waterford, Harvey & Co.)
A VERY pleasant and serviceable illustrated guide to the
South and West of Ireland, which intending tourists will
do well to slip into their pockets.

The Tourist Guide to the Continent. (Lindley.)
THE new issue of this well-known guide to the portion of
the Continent served by the Great Eastern Railway is
richer than before in maps and illustrations.

How to Visit Italy. By Henry S. Lunn. (Horace Mar-
shall & Son.)

THIS work, by the editor of 'Travel,' answers well its
purpose, and is a cheap, useful, and delightful guide to
the principal cities of the Italian peninsula.

fjtolirw to

We must call special attention to the following notices:

ON all communications must be written the name and
address of the sender, not necessarily for publication, but
as a guarantee of good faith.

WE cannot undertake to answer queries privately.

To secure insertion of communications correspondents
must observe the following rule. Let each note, query,
or reply be written on a separate slip of paper, with the
signature of the writer and such address as he wiahea to
appear. Correspondents who repeat queries are requested
to head the second communication "Duplicate."

B. B. (" Punnet"). This is a word of common use,
and may be found in most dictionaries.

W. S. ("Gibbous Moon"). Giblous=s welling out,
protuberant. The term is applied to the moon when,
before and after the full, its shape is convex.

E. A. CORFIELD (" Holbein's ' Ambassadors ' "). See
4 N. & Q.,' 8 th S. viii. 502, 28 Dec., 1895.

NOTICE.

Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The
Editor of ' Notes and Queries ' "Advertisements and
Business Letters to "The Publiaher " at the Office,
Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.G.

We beg leave to state that we decline to return com-
munications which, for any reason, we do not print; and
to this rule we can make no exception.

8' h 8. X. JOLT 11, '96.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

LONDOK, SATURDAY, JULY 11, 1896.

CONTENT 8. N 237.

NOTES : Pope's Villa at Twickenham, 21 Shakspeariana,
22 Shakspeare's First Folio New England and the
Wmthrops Curious Place-Names, 23 Burial at Cross-

Roads steam Carriage for Common Roads James Simon

St. Uncumber, 24 The Grange, Brook Green Belem-
nites Misquotation Pius VI. Miracles at York, 25
41 St. Sepulchre " " To Slop " Thorold Family Wheeler s
Noted Names of Fiction,' 26.

QUERIES : The Broom Dance, 26 Saunders=Crompton
Hugo's Dfiaint^ressement,' 27 John Morris Edward
Lofthouse Translation of Virgil" Displenish "Clock
' Auchtermuchty Dog " Ubaldino's 'Account of Eng-
land 'Coat of Arms Gordon and Sinclair Headley, 28
Theatre In Hammersmith Statue of Wellington Cotton
A Joke of Sheridan, 29.

BEPLIES : Parish Constables' Staves, 29 Local Works on
Brasses, 30 Topographical Collections for Counties A
Sbakspeariau Desideratum' The Secret of Stoke Manor '
Fool's Paradise, 32 Kingsley's Hypatia ' Peacock's
Feathers Unlucky Nelson's "Little Emma" Samuel
Pepys, 33 Patriot " Pottle "Lady Knights" Kneeler "
Pin and Bowl " Sicker," 34 S. Blower Column in
Orme Square Alley Shakspeare and Ben Jonson
Saunderson Thomson's 'Seasons' The Eye of a Por-
trait, 35 Family Societies Dragon Weighing the Earth
' General Pardon ' Bedford Chapel, 37 Folk-lore :
Washing Hands-St. Martin's-in-the-Fields, 38.

NOTES ON BOOKS :' Dictionary of National Biography'
'Journal of the Ex-Libris Society' Magazines.

Notices to Correspondents.

POPE'S VILLA AT TWICKENHAM.
IQ Curll's edition of Pope's 'Literary Corre-
spondence,' 1735, vol. ii., we learn, in the
" Address to the Reader," that

" while Mr. Pope was dangling, and making Gilliver and
Cooper his Cabinet-Counsel, away goes Mr. Curll, on
the 12th Day of June in the Year of our Lord God
1735, and by the assistance of that Celebrated Artist Mr.
Rijabrack [sic], takes a full view of our Bard 'a Grotto,
Subterraneous Way, Gardens, Statues, Inscriptions, and
his Dog Bounce. An Account of some of them are [sic]
hereunto subjoined. And a Prospect of Mr. Pope's
House from the Surrey Side, is now exhibited in a very
curious Print, engraven by the best Hands."

Further on in the volume, at p. 221, is a "De-
scription of Mr. Pope's House."

In ' N. & Q.' for 14 December, 1850, a query
was inserted asking for information about this
engraving of Pope's villa, published by Curll, but
no reply, 1 believe, has hitherto been sent. A
few years ago, thanks to Mr. Bertram Dobell, of
Charing Cross Road, I came into possession of a
copy of this rare print, which contains the earliest
engraved view of the poet's home. It is by Parr,
after a picture by Rysbrack ; not the sculptor of
that name, but (as Sir George Scharf informed
me) his father, Peter Rysbrack, a landscape
painter (1646-1726), who resided some time in
England.

The famous villa was taken on lease by Pope

in 1717, and at that time the building consisted
of a central hall, with two small rooms on each
side and corresponding rooms above. The grounds
extended to about five acres. Pope enlarged the
building considerably, and in 1735, the date of
this engraving, the house comprised a brick centre
of four floors, with wings of three floors each. An
inventory of the contents of the villa at the time
of Pope's death was given in *N. & Q.' for
13 May, 1882. In 1743, on the death of Mrs.
Vernon, Pope's landlady, the house and grounds
were offered to him for 1,0002., but he was then
past fifty years of age, and he declined to purchase
the property.

The engraving published by Curll measures
18J in. by 11^ in. (plate mark), and is well exe-
cuted. The view is taken from the Surrey shore,
and conveys an idea of being very carefully drawn
on the spot. In the foreground some friends of
the poet are landing in the grounds from a boat,
and another boat, rowed by watermen and con-
taining two ladies and a gentleman, is apparently
proceeding to the same destination. In front of
the house is the dog Bounce. Above the picture
is the title ' An Exact Drawing and View of Mr.
Pope's House at Twickenham.' Below are printed
sixteen lines from Pope's Second Satire.

The next published view, in point of date, of
Pope's villa appears to be a coloured print by J.
Mason after A. Heckell. Both the design and
engraving are good, but the details are probably
not so exact as in Rysbrack's work. Mason's
print is dated 1749, and was " Printed for John
Bowles at the Black Horse in Cornhill." There
is no alteration in the villa since 1735, but the
trees in the background have considerably grown,
and a good many of the outhouses and sheds on
the river bank have been cleared away. The
well-trimmed hedge on the right of the house in
Rysbrack's picture is here replaced by a row of
trees, but this change must be due to the imagina-
tion of the artist. A few years later there was
another issue of this plate, but without a date,
and with the address " Printed for John Bowles
at the Black Horse in Cornhill and Carington
Bowles at No. 69, in St. Paul's Churchyard,
London." There is little change from the first
state of the plate, except in the sky, in which
more clouds have been introduced. Another
early view of Pope's villa was "Printed for Rob 1
Sayer at the Golden Buck, opposite Fetter Lane,
Fleet St." This bears a strong resemblance to
Bowles's print; but the angler on the Surrey shore
in that view is here replaced by a man who is
dressing himself after bathing, while at a short
distance from the bank another man is swimming.
Curll's print was never, I believe, reproduced, but
nearly all the other views of Pope's villa are
reprints from Bowles's or Sayer's engravings.

After Pope's death the villa belonged successively

NOTES AND QUERIES.

. X.JULY 11 ,'96.

to Sir Wm. Stanhope, who enlarged it consider-
ably ; to Mr. Welbore Ellis, afterwards Lord
Mendip ; and lastly, to Baroness Howe. This
lady was so much annoyed at the number of
pilgrims who came to see the place that she razed
it to the ground, cut down the trees, and endea-
voured to obliterate all vestiges of its former dis-
tinguished occupant. F. G.

SHAK8PEARIANA.

"A BARB BODKIN" (8" 1 S. ix. 362, 422). I
was not a little surprised on opening my ' N. & Q.'
to find that what I meant for a quizzical protest
against guess-work had been taken by some readers
of Capt. Cuttle's note-book an siritux. My letter
stated that guess-work had been driven from
etymology, and I might have added science and
history, and had taken refuge in Shakespeare,
where it is still rampant. I pitched upon the
phrase " bare bodkin " in ' Hamlet/ and jestingly
suggested the hypothesis of "hair bodkin"; and,
after the manner of guessers, proceeded to make
the " new reading " somewhat plausible, but added
that I felt sure no future editor (M alone) of the
great poet would adopt the substitute. In fact, 1
took it for granted that the suggestion would be
placed in the limbo of Stevens's etymology of the
word " brethren," which he derives from the word
"tabernacle," because we all "breathe-therein."
I sincerely hope that no one will charge me with a
desire to amend Shakespeare. I have so great a
reverence for the dear old bard, that I would just
as soon attempt to paint the rose or " throw a per-
fume on the violet," as attempt to amend him.
E. COBHAM BREWER.

Has the following passage ever been used to
illustrate Shakespeare's use of " bodkin " ?

" Pbillis in wandering the woodes, hanged hir eelfc.
Asiarchua forsaking companye spoyled himselfe with his
owne bodkin. Biarua a Romaine more wise than for-
tunate, being alone destroyed himself with a potsherd."
Lyly, ' Euphuee,' pp. 117, 118, ed. Arber, 1868.

F. C. BIRKBECK TERRY.

TROILUS AND CRBSSIDA,' III. iii. 175 (8 ia S.
ix. 423). May I deprecate a renewal in your
valuable space of the exhausted discussion of ' one
touch of nature." MR. SPBNCE has paid me the
compliment of paraphrasing a note on the subject
which you admitted in your Sixth Series. But he
will find, which is more to the purpose, that PKOF.
PKEAT has expressed himself to the same tffect.
There are many less well-informed that MR. SPKMCE
who, either from familiarity with English literature
or the habit of verifying quotations, are aware that
the one natural characteristic referred to as common
to all is the love of novelty. There are many more
who,in ignorance that any characteristic is intended,
that is, if the words have any meaning, put a full
stop at kin, and effectually prevent their having

any. So irrepressible indeed is that full stop that,
notwithstanding MR. SPENCE'S argument, it ap-
pears at the end of his quotation, and confers on
the "touch of nature" its imaginary but popular
individuality.

Accustomed to this constant use of the words in
the best serious and serio-comic periodicals, un-
accustomed to * Troilus and Cressida ' on or off the
stage, people are angry when made aware that their
pet piece of gush is baseless. However, as in the
last discussion in * N. & Q.'it was maintained that,
though Shakspeare's meaning was plain, etymo-
logical purism should not be allowed to inter-
fere with this improvement on Shakspeare, little
more remains to be said in these columns.

KILLIQREW.

'MACBETH/ V. ii.

The English power is near, led on by Malcolm,
His uncle Siward and the good Macduff.
Revenges burn in them ; for their dear causes
Would to the bleeding and the grim alarm
Excite the mortified man.

One of them says that " mortified man " means
'* desperate man"; the other eays that it means
"ascetic." They have missed the meaning alto-
gether. Perhaps more modern commentators have
put them right. If not, I will do so. " Mortified
man" means a man made dead, or, in other
words, a corpse. The causes that incite Siward
and the others are as strong as that which would
make a corpse bleed, and give tokens of alarm. It
is a well-known superstition that a corpse bleeds in
the presence of its murderer. In 'Kichard III/
Lady Anne says :

O gentlemen, see, see ! dead Henry's wounds
Open their congealed mouths, and bleed afresh !

E. YARDLET.

* TAMING OF THE SHREW,' INDUCTION, i. 63-5.
Persuade him that he hath been lunatic ;
t And when be eays he if, eay that he dreams,
For he is nothing but a mighty lord.

I cannot see any difficulty in the line which the
Globe edition marks with an obelus. To remove
the supposed difficulty all that is necessary is to
emphasize the "is" in opposition to the "hath
been" preceding. "Persuade him that he hath
been lunatic; and when he says he is [lunatic],
say that he dreams," &c. What more natural
than that poor Sly, awakening out of his drunken
sleep, and finding himself in the midst of such un-
wonted surroundings, should imagine that he was
the subject of delusion, with only sanity enough to
prevent him from altogether mistaking illusion for
reality ? Anticipating this, the nobleman directed
the servants to use all means to persuade him that,
having for fifteen years laboured under the hallu-
cination that he, a great lord, was a poor tailor,
now, though his sanity was restored, the dregs of
his strange delusion were still affecting him, so

8 th S. X. JOLT 11, '96. J

NOTES AND QUERIES.

that not all at once was he able to "bethink him
of his birth, call home his ancient thoughts from
banishment, and banish bis abject lowly dreams."

R. M. SPENCE, M.A.
Manse of Arbuthnott, N.B.

' HAMLET.'

The dram of eale

Doth all the noble substance of a doubt
To his own scandal.

In his recent work, 'Shakespeare Studies/ Prof.
Baynes condemns the " Globe " editors for rejecting
Staunton's reading. But they were quite right in
so doing. Had Staunton's proposed emendation
stood alone, an independent sentence, thus :
A dram of evil

Doth all a noble substance oft debase

To his own scandal,

no particular objections could have been urged
against it ; but in Hamlet's speech it is the corollary
or summing up of previous argument, and the
4< oft " is disallowable. Following the context,

So oft it chancM in particular men, Ice.,
the second " oft " is not only a needless repetition
but an absolute error in composition, and was cer-
tainly not perpetrated by Shakespeare ; an un-
qualified trisyllabic verb is what is wanted.

It is more than probable that much of the play
was read aloud to the compositor (in 1604, when
the MS. was removed from the theatre for publica-
tion), and that eale is a mistake of type, as thus :
(e)a(2)e an e got among the 6's, and an I among
the long '*. The word should have been " base,"
which is the right antithesis to the "noble "in
the second line :

From whose so many weights of baseness cannot
A dram of worth be drawn. Gym.,' III. y.

"Of a doubt" I take to be a sound blunder for
"overdoubt," and the passage really left Shake-
speare's pen thus :

The dram of base

Doth all the noble substance overdoubt

To his own scandal.

C. OSMOND.
Melbourne.

SHAKSPEARE'S FIRST FOLIO. Slight variations
In different copies of the First Folio of Shake-
speare are not uncommon. Bohn in his 'Manual'
refers to a copy in the possession of Messrs.
Longman which differs from all others. On
p. 333 of the "Tragedies," in the play of
* Othello, 1 the words " and hell gnaw his bones "
are printed instead of Roderigo's speech. This
version is found in no other copy until I pur-
chased, the other day, an imperfect First Folio
having this peculiar reading. Judging by the
printer's marks on the margin, it looks like a
corrected proof-sheet which ought to have been
cancelled. It would be interesting to know
whether in any other copies proof-sheets have
been overlooked. Collier has the following note :

"Here we meet with an extraordinary variation in
copies of Folio 1, that belonging to the Duke of Devon-
shire [no doubt the copy of Messrs. Longman quoted in
Bobn] has the following at tbe top of the page, ' I have
heard too much and hell gnaw his bones Perform-
ances.' "

The Cambridge editors say the mistake was dis-
covered and corrected in other copies. This accounts
for the "and," which the corrected copies still
retain instead of "for." MAURICE JONAS.

NEW ENGLAND AND THE WINTHROPS. How
the English local antiquary is apt to get away
from his bearings when touching events off his
own particular piece of ground is shown in the
following excerpt from Mr. Lyon's scholarly
' Chronicles of Finchampstead,' London, 1895 :
" A great Puritan emigration to Massachusetts,
or the States of New England in North America,
was the result of this persecution." Is Mr. Lyon
not aware that Massachusetts is one of the New
England States 1 Moreover, has he forgotten that
Connecticut, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and
Maine, with their teeming cities, towns, and vil-
lages, all in New England, too, were not known
as States until after the United States had de-
clared their (or its) independence? This is in line
with the recent but very excellent 'History of
Suffolk ' (" Popular County History " series) of Mr.
Raven, who, in his summary of the Suffolk Win-
throps, gravely throws out the fact that their
descendant the late Hon. C. R. Winthrop, of
Boston, Mass., one of the most eminent of Ame-
rican statesmen, once President of the Massa-
chusetts Historical Society, Boston, was a " Mas-
sachusetts politician." Shades of John Quincy
Adams, Daniel Webster, Henry Clay, and others
of that ilk ! Politician, indeed ! One might as well
speak of Mr. Gladstone as a Welsh politician
simply, because he resides in Wales.

MASSACHUSETTS.

CURIOUS PLACE-NAMES. Almost every town

n every country rejoices in the possession of odd

names bestowed upon them long ago, the original

meaning of which they have long since outlived

r belied. Thus a certain locality in Manchester

3 still known by the appellation of Angel

Meadow two words redolent of ethereal and

ustic charms but is the veriest antipodes

of everything that is beautiful. Green Yale is

nother equally inappropriate sobriquet, borne

>y as wretched and squalid a place in the same

city as the eye could rest upon. Tiger's Bay

also a local name here is a far more fitting

pithet, as really descriptive of the place which

>wns it. But I am more concerned in this note

with such place-names as Little Ireland and Petty

'ranee. The first covers a certain Mancnssian

istrict ; the second I find in Ainsworth's ' Miser's

Daughter.' What was the origin of these and

NOTES AND QUERIES.

similar curious place-names? One can readily
guess at the meaning of the Roman Ghetto or
London Jewry; but how are Little Ireland and
Petty France explained ? Perhaps some of my
confreres in * N. & Q.' can add to this scanty list
and account for their additions. J. B. S.

Manchester.

P.S. By an odd literary coincidence, I had just
penned the above when I came across, whilst idly
turning over the leaves of the bound volume of
L' Intermediate for 1895, an interesting article
headed * Denominations Bizarres,' in which the
writer gives many curious specimens of strange
place-names in thirteen French territories, e. g.
(translating them) : the New Tail of Villiers,
the Strong Cow, the Old Dead Woman, the Lost
Stocking, Deaf Woman's Hole, White Head, the
Fountain of Pigs, Priests' Land, Goat's Beard,
&c., all which bears out admirably my opening
sentence.

BUKIAL AT CROSS-ROADS. (See 8 th S. ix. 325.)
" Interred with all the superstitious rites of
our ancestors." Surely this expression of opinion
ought not to be transferred to the pages of
'N. & Q.' without a note of explanation. It is
indefensible. Was not the mode of burial merely
an indignity prescribed by the law, by way of dis-
couraging suicide as far as possible ? Whatever
stories afterwards arose about preventing the
spirit walking by means of the stake, surely the
original meaning of the process was indignity and
nothing else. And if a rite be a sacred ceremony,
is it quite correct to refer to the ghastly process
in this language of religion ? F. P.

THE STEAM CARRIAGE FOR COMMON ROADS.
In searching the pages of that extraordinary publi-
cation the Town for another object, I came across
the following paragraph, on p. 525, and of the date
1 Sept., 1838. It is such a remarkable anticipation
of the motor-carriages of the present day that I
send it to you for use in * N. & Q.,' should it not
already have been contributed thereto :

" Sir James Anderson, who resides at Buttevant Castle,
has devoted the whole of his life to scientific pursuits-
his extraordinary talents have been mainly directed to
the construction of a Steam Drag or Carriage for Common
Roads. Sir James has expended no less a sum than
30,OOOJ. in his experiments, and so extraordinary has
been his perseverance that he spent a fortune in building
twenty-nine unsuccessful Carriages, to succeed in the
thirtieth. Hear this, ye who boast of sacrifices and per-
severance ! The ' Drag,' or steam engine, is not like those
hitherto attempted ; it is a machine to do the work now
done by horse?. The vehicle, by which the passengers are
conveyed, is to be attached to it, and thus in the remote
cases of accident no injury can arise to the passengers.
The Drag can be at once detached, and the carriage
forwarded by horses. No noise is heard, no smoke, no
unpleasant odour perceived, and the gallant panting
ateed can gallop to his journey's end untiredand untiring.
How admirable ia this arrangement ! Let us look a
little forward and we shall see Bishop Berkeley's pro-

phecy realised. ' Sir,' said he, ' mark me, ere long we
shall see a pan of coals brought to use in place of a feed
of oats.' And who can doubt it will be so 1 It appears
the cost of fuel for a ' drag ' to convey thirty passengers
and luggage will not be above fourpence per mile, and
that the average speed will be about fifteen miles per
hour."

JOHN TINKLER, M.A.
Caunton, Notts.

JAMES SIMON. Author of 'An Essay towards
an Historical Account of Irish Coins, and of the
Currency of Foreign Monies in Ireland,' 4to., Dub-
lin, 1749, and a contributor to the Philosophical
Transactions. He was elected F.R.S. on 17 Nov.,
1748. In his certificate he is described as " of the
City of Dublin, merchant, a native of France [La
Rochelle], who has communicated to the Society
observations on Petrefactions of Lough Neagh and
made a present of the same : he is now writing on
the Coins of Ireland." Simon died in Dublin, in
1767, his death being announced at the anniversary
meeting of the Society on 30 Nov. of that year.
From the letters of administration granted in the
P.C.C. on 21 March, 1757, it appears that he left
a widow Susanna and a son Stuckey.

GORDON GOODWIN.

ST. UNCUMBER. A female saint with this un-
couth name is connected with St. Paul's. We
read, in a note on p. 38 of ' Women under Monas-
ticism,' by Lina Eckenstein :

"Ellis, H., 'Original Letters,' Third Series, vol. iii,
p. 194, quotes the following sentence from Michael
Woddes, ' Dialogues,' 1554: ' If a wife were weary of her
husband she offered Otes at Poules at London to St. Un-
cumber.' This Uncumber is identified with Ontkommer
or Kummerniss. ' The peculiarity of the images of Ont-
kommer or Kummerniss consists in this, that she is
represented as crucified, and that the lower part of her
face is covered by a beard, and her body in some instances
by long shaggy fur. Her legend explains the presence
of the beard and fur by telling us that it grew to protect
the maiden from the persecutions of a lover, or the
incestuous love of her father ; such love is often men-
tioned in the legends of women pseudo saints.' ' In the
Tyrol the image of the saint is sometimes hung in the
chief bedroom of the house in order to secure a fruitful
marriage, but often it is hung in chapel and cloister in
order to protect the dead. Images of the saint are pre-
served and venerated in a great number of churches in
Bavaria and the Tyrol, but the ideas popularly associated
with them have raised feeling in the church against their

cult Associations of a twofold character have also

been attached to the term Eiinimerniss. For in the
Tryol Kummerniss is venerated as a saint, but the word
Kummerniss in ordinary parlance is applied to immoral
women.' "P. 37.

The conclusion the writer comes to is this, that
the legends of this saint are really heathen legends,
" and that she is heiress to a tribal goddess of the
past." The like conclusion is come to for many
of the early women saints ; such is that of St.
Ursula and the eleven thousand virgins who were
martyred at Koln. How the number of Ursula's
companions amounted to eleven thousand is thus

X. JULY 11, '96.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

accounted for ; it originated in the misreading of an
inscription which refers to eleven martyred virgins,
which was written thus, xi. M. v. History speaks
of virgin martyrs at Koln at an early date (p. 283).
I think Mr. Baring-Gould, in his ' Myths of the
Middle Ages,' identifies St. Ursula and the eleven
thousand as really the moon and stars, showing
how heathen tradition was developed into Christian
hagiology. One would like to know how St. Un-
cumber came to be connected with St. Paul'?, and
why oats were offered to her. Can DR. SPARROW
SIMPSON enlighten us 1

E. LEATON-BLENKINSOPP.

THE GRANGE, BROOK GREEN. Paragraphs have
appeared lately in the newspapers of a misleading
character with regard to Sir Henry Irving's house,
The Grange, Brook Green, Hammersmith, which
is about to be pulled down, its antiquity being
greatly exaggerated. The house is a plain, sub-
stantial building, apparently not older than the
time of Queen Anne, and has been so altered from
time to time as to have almost entirely lost its
interest. Sir Henry made in 1884 extensive
alterations and additions, which, although im-
proving the building as a residence to some
extent, destroyed its artistic character. The plan
of the house, however, remains unimpaired, and
gives evidence of its antiquity, there being no
passages, and the rooms being approached by going
from one room to another. In the course of carry-
ing out these alterations it was stated that
evidences of former alterations to the building,
dating probably from the early part of the reign of
George II., were brought to light. The service
accommodation being inadequate, it was found
necessary to build out-offices at the back, together
with a servants' hall, By removing a partition, and
the addition of a bay window, the entrance hall was
considerably enlarged, and the staircase was opened
to view. The front next Brook Green was but
little altered, but the ivy was removed in con-
sequence of the damp. There is a plan of the
house and a view of the back as altered in the
Builder, 13 Sept., 1884. JNO. HEBB.

BELEMNITES. These fossils have been, and
perhaps still are, popularly called thunder-stones.
They had formerly a place in medicine, and were
supposed to prevent abortion. In our old dispensa-
tories they appear indifferently under the names
Belemnites, Lapis lyncis, and Lyncurium ; and in
the 'Medico-Botanical Glossary ' from the Bodleian
MS. SeldenB. 35, edited, under the name ' Alphita,'
by Mr. J. L. G. Mowat, for the "Anecdota Oxoni-
ensia" series, they are credited with the same
origin as the Lyncurium of Pliny. This is the
article in the glossary referred to : " Lapis lincis
dicunt quidem quod fit de urina lincis tern pore
petulancis, qui induratur et transit in lapidem."
Are these fossils really the Lyncurium of Pliny,

which is described by him as resembling the fiery
carbuncle ; and who is the first author of this
absurd theory as to their origin ? The last men-
tion of them in medicine that I have come across
is in Alleyne's ' Dispensatory ' (1733), where they
appear as " Thunder - bolt : Belemnites, Lapis
Lyncis" but without note or comment.

0. C. B.

MISQUOTATION. The following words appear in
inverted commas, 8 tu S. ix. 444 : " Sed aliquando
dormitat bonus Homerus." This is too bad. The
ungarbled quotation is well known :

Indignor quandoque bonus dormitat Homerus.

Horace,' Are Poetica,' 1.359.

F. C. BIRKBECK TERRY.

Pius VI. The following extract from the
' Annual Register ' of December, 1799, may be of
interest to many of your readers as an historical
curiosity :

" 30th. The Consuls of the French Republic, consider-
ing that for six months past the body of Pius VI. has
been lying in the City of Valence without having had
the honours of burial granted to it, have published a
Decree, reciting that, though this old man, respectable
by his misfortunes, was for a moment the enemy of
France, it was only when seduced, by the councils of
men who surrounded his old age ; that it became the
dignity of the French nation, and is conformable to the
sensibility of the National character, to bestow the marks
of consideration upon a man who occupied one of the
highest ranks upon earth ; and, therefore, ' first, the
Minister of the Interior shall give orders that the body
of Pius VI. be buried with the honours due to those of
his rank. Second, that a simple monument be raised to
him, on the place of his burial, expressing the dignity
which he bore.' "

In 1801 his remains were transferred to St.
Peter's, where his statue by Canova stands.

WILLIAM PAYNE.
Southeea.

MIRACLES AT YORK. Two interesting legends,
concerning the sixteenth century persecution of
Nonconforming Catholics, were related by the
Rev. Philip Fletcher a few days ago to some
pilgrims to York, who were made happy by hia
announcement that the Holy See had granted an
Indulgence of seven years and seven quarantines
to all those who made the pilgrimage and prayed
for the conversion of England. He said (York-
shire Herald, 11 June) :

" In all the rolls of martyrdom other countries might
be able to show, he doubted if one could show a record
more helpful, more touching, and more beautiful than
the history of the English, Irish, and Scotch martyrs 01
these islands in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
They saw the same pathway of suffering in York. The
hand of Margaret Clitherow, which they were going to
venerate, reminded them of a poor, feeble woman, who
suffered martyrdom for harbouring a priest. Her hand
was preserved in the convent near Micklegate Bar the
first convent established after the Reformation, and
established with great danger and immense difficulty.
One day the priest-hunters came to that convent and

NOTES AND QUERIES.

'h S . x. JULY 11, 'S6.

opened the chapel door. The candles were lighted, mass
had only just been said, and the priest had jut taken
off his vestments, but the priest-hunters saw nothing.
Their eyes were blinded by a miracle, and they went
their way. On another day an angry mob of citizens
surrounded the convent, shouting ' Down with the nuns,
down with the Pope,' and declaring their intention of
etting fire to the building. Then the mob melted away
quietly and slowly without any apparent cause. Some
one had seen above the convent the figure of a heavenly
horseman, which the nuns believed to be St. Michael,
because they had been praying to St. Michael before a
picture of him which stood above the door of the
convent."

ST. SWITHIN.

" ST. SEPULCHRE." In writing and talking of
the churches dedicated to the memory of the Holy
Sepulchre at Jerusalem, how often is it the
practice to put " St. Sepulchre" instead of the
Church of the Holy Sepulchre ! The round church
in Northampton, of this dedication, is universally
spoken of in the town as " St. Sepulchre/' although
the notice-board of the church itself bears the
correct designation. I was greatly horrified the
other day, when passing Snow Hill, London, to find
upon the notice-board of its church the heading as
"St. Sepulchre." Even worthy Stow and also
Maitland, when treating of this church, mention it
as "St. Sepulchre." Perhaps we shall find a
future Butler attempting a life of this extraordinary
saint. ETHERT BRAND.

93, Barry Road, Stonebridge Park, N.W.

"To SLOP." A friend of mine had retired to
his room somewhat early at a first-rate hotel in
Manchester. He had scarcely done so when a
knock came to the door, and opening it slightly
he inquired who was there, and what was wanted.
The chambermaid, for it was she, replied, "Please,
sir, I want to slop the room." It is believed in
well-informed quarters that she wished to empty
the slops. But to slop the room ! How does this
compare with to sample customers, &c.

TENEBR.*.

THOROLD FAMILY. It may be well to note that
the original will, dated 11 Nov., 1768, from the
Convent of the English Dominican Nuns at
Brussels, of Dorothy Compton (06. 2 March, 1773,
cet. eighty-two), widow of William Thorold, Esq.
(buried at Little Ponton, co. Lincoln, 21 Sept.,
1725), is preserved among the archives of the
Dominican Priory at Haverstock Hill, London.
DANIEL HIPWELL.

WHEELER'S c NOTED NAMES OF FICTION.' In
examining this dictionary I have made a few
additions and corrections, and forward the same to
'N. & Q.' Perhaps the author or publisher of the
dictionary might make use of them in some future
edition. The edition which I have seen is that
of the year 1866. Some alterations may have
been made in the book since that date.

Briareus. This is the wrong quantity. It is

Briareus. See Homer's ' Iliad.' Pope, however,
when translating Homer, neglected his original,
and gave the wrong quantity.

Dagon. The author says : " In profane history
the name by which he is known is Derceto. He is
represented," &c. Derceto, or Dercetis, is a
female divinity, and is the same as Atergatis.
Without doubt the two deities are similar ; but
the one is male, the other female.

Holofernes. The author refers to the Scriptural
Holofernes, to that mentioned by Rabelais, and to
him of ' Love's Labour 's Lost,' but he does not
remark that Holofernes is also the name of the fire-
king in the Hungarian folk-tale of * Magic Helen '
in the collection made by Count Mailath.

Prince of Darkness. The author gives the title
to Satan, and quotes Shakepeare and Walter Scott
only. But Spenser used this expression before
Shakspeare, and did not apply it to Satan :
Great Gorgon, prince of darkness and dead night.
'Faerie Queen,' bk. i.

Einaldo. The author supposes that the Binaldo
of Tasso and he of Ariosto are the same man. But
the one was of the time of Charlemagne, and the
other was a Crusader.

Eaminagrobis. The author mentions Rabelais,
but not La Fontaine, who gives the name to a cat.

Rubesahl. The author says that the origin of
the name is obscure. But Riibezahl in German
means counter of turnips, or Number (tur) Nip, and
has reference to Riibezahl's chief adventure. It is,
however, said that Musreus invented the legend in
order to account for the name. E. YARDLET.

I Milton makes the a long in Briareus : "Bri
Titan" (' Par. Lost,' i. 199).]

Briareos or

We must request correspondents desiring information
on family matters of only private interest to affix their
names and addresses to their queries, in order that the
answers may be addressed to them direct.

THE BROOM DANCE. Can any of your readers
impart information as to the history and antiquity
of this singular exercise ? It has been performed
publicly at a flower show here, and recently at
Newton Abbot, but, on inquiry, " nobody doHnt
know nothen about et," and, though I have resided
here for over thirty summers, I never heard before
of this startling variation on beer and skittles. A
stalwart young labourer grasps with both hands
a broom-handle, which he proceeds to twirl, thus
causing the head to rise and fall. There are two
movements, one a sideling motion from one foot
to the other, striking the heels together, like gutter
children to an organ, but this passes into throwing
the thighs alternately over the broomstick the
dancer during both movements advancing and
retiring. The tune ' The Keel Row ' was played

8" 8. X. JULY 11, '96.J

NOTES AND QUERIES.

on the accordion, and is said to " belong" to it.
The performers were three males, and none of the
women from whom the broom was borrowed came
oat to look on, although work was over and it was
9 P.M. on a sweet, soft Jane gloaming in a hamlet
below Paignton Beacon. The performance is thus
a "household " one, for no women no broom and
yet in spite of the lively music, not often heard in
dull cottage life, the women kept aloof; it is a
dance also more suitable for a loose robe and san-
dalled or bare feet than fustian trousers and hob-
nailed boots, as in the present case. The air, too,
is a nautical one. My own theory (and it is on
this I submit my query) is that the dance is dis-
tinctly " Phallic" and a survival of Semitic coloniza-
tion. This ancient village is full of such instances
the venerable preaching cross has a dragon's claw
carved on the four corners of its pedestal, as if
serpent worship were dominant and had to be
conciliated. There was a dragon's well at Jeru-
salem, which Nehemiah dare not touch. The name
of Bal occurs over a hundred times in names of
closes, fields, and fountains, while in the village
five names live side by side : Easter brook, Ishtar
Iruch, blessed of Ashtaroth ; Maddicott, Mardukh
ydd, Merodach is my help ; Balhatchet, Baal-
achdd, Baal only or Baal first ; Amory, Amori,
the Amorite ; Symons, EshmHn, yEsculapius.
Do any of your readers know of any similar dances?

W. G. THORPE, F.S.A.
Ipplepen, Newton Abbot.

SAUNDERS = CROMPTON. I want the marriage
register of Rev. John Saunders to Dorothy Cromp-
ton, said, on a monument in Ashborne Church, to be
daughter of John Crompton, of Stone Hall, esquire,
Staff:}. This register has been vainly sought in
Oolton, of which the Eev. John Saunders was rector
from 1651 till his death in 1682 ; also in Stone,
Checkley, Chebsey, Cheadle. Dorothy Saunders
n6e Crompton, was buried at Colton 1667. Her
eldest son was born 1647/8. Wanted, register of
his and her baptism and details of the early life and
descent of her husband, said in ' Fasti Oxonienses '
to be son of William Saunders, of Colton, Staffs,
Pleb. Was he connected with Samuel Sanders,
A.M., admitted 9 Aug., 1601, Prebendary of Lich-
field Cathedral ; and was this Samuel descended
from Laurence Saunders, martyred 1555 ? Family
tradition says that the Rev. John Saunders, of
Colton, was descended from Laurence Saunders,
who was of the Saunderses of Shankton, Leicester-
shire. C. S. L.

VICTOR HUGO'S D^SINT^RESSEMENT.' I lately
sent this splendid Alpine poem one of " La
Legende des Sifccles " series to a friend, who may
say of himself, "lo anche poeta." He says, in
reply, "These are truly magnificent verses of Victor
Hugo's that you have sent me. I do not think I
have received so much pleasure from any of your

favours of this kind One or two passages I do

not quite understand." Before quoting these pas-
sages, in the hope that some of your poetic readers
may be able to help my friend and myself, I had
better say that the poem is a hymn of praise in
honour of Mont Blanc " the monarch of moun-
tains/' as Byron calls him supposed to be sung
by the other Alpine summits. The poem concludes
with the following couplet :
II eat plus haut, plus pur, plus grand que nous ne aommea;
Et nous 1'ineulterions ei noua etiona des hommea.

Hence its title, 'D&inte'ressement.'
My friend says :

" Et Ton croit de Titan voir 1'effrayante larve :
I render this, 'And one thinks one sees the frightful
phantom of Prometheus.' Is this correct 1"

What do your readers think ?

" Criniere de glacons digne du lion Pole.
Doea thia mean ' Mane of iciclea worthy of the conatella-
tion of the Lion ' ? Leo is in the northern half of the
sky, I believe, and Pole ' I take to be, by poetic licence,
written for polaire. Perhapa thia is a ' howler ' ! At
any rate, it baa tbe merit of crediting Victor Hugo with
a noble image. Another crux ia :

La cime, pour aavoir lequel a plus d'amour,
Et quel eat le plus grand du regard ou du jour,
Confronte le soleil avec le gypaete :
I cannot make aenae of thia. Will you please interpret."
As I cannot make sense of it either, may I pass
on my friend's request to your readers generally ?
The "gypaete" is the lammergeier, or bearded
vulture (see * Anne of Geierstein,' chap. i.).

Victor Hugo is almost at his best on the moun-
tains ; I say " almost," because he is perhaps still
greater when amongst the stars (see ' La D^couverte
du Titan ' and ' Abime,' both in " La Le"gende des
Siecles "). Mr. Swinburne, in his ' Study of Victor
Hugo, says : "It can hardly be said that he who
knows the Pyrenees has read Victor Hugo ; bat
certainly it may be said that he who knows Victor
Hugo has seen the Pyrenees." In this respect the
Alpine * Desint^ressement ' is a worthy pendant of
the Pyrenean ' Masferrer.' Would that the great
poet could have flashed the light of his genius on
the Andes ! So far as I am aware, he has not
done so ; but although I have read much of Victor
Hugo's poetry, I have not read all of it.

I hope there is no harm in my saying that a few
weeks ago I sent my friend Victor Hugo's charm-
ing little poem beginning

Jeune fille, la grace emplit tea dix-aept ans,
in ' Les Contemplations,' suggesting that he should
translate it into English verse. He did so ; and
he then sent it on to his son, a lad of sixteen, at
school. The latter has translated it also ; and very
well he has done it. When one thinks what most
boys of sixteen are, or were in my time, I think
that a lad of this age who is able not only to read
Victor Hugo, but to translate him into more than
creditable English verse, may certainly be described,

NOTES AND QUERIES. [8*s.x.joLYiv96.

in Sam Waller's vernacular, as a "hinfant fer-
nomenon." I knew the boy was very clever, but
I did not know that he was equal to this.

JONATHAN BOUCHIER.
Kopley, Hanta.

JOHN MORRIS, POET. The writer would be
glad of any information concerning the life or
works of John Morris, a rather obscure Irish poet,
who lived in Monaghan county, Ireland, about
1840 or 1845. It is understood he published one
or two small volumes of verses, but the writer has
been unable to trace them up to the present.

J. F. M.

Bath.

EDWARD LOFTHOUSB. I should be much
obliged if any correspondent of *N. & Q.' would
kindly give me information about the antecedents
of Edward Lofthouse, of Swineshead, co. York,
father of the Eev. Adam Lofthouse, who in 1562
was Archbishop of Armagh, and in 1578 " Lord
High Chancellor of Ireland * (Adam was a very
great favourite of Queen Elizabeth ; her Majesty
first met him at some revels at Cambridge, and
much admired him for his graces both of mind
and body), and an ancestor of Arthur, Duke of
Wellington ; of Charles Tottenham, M.P. (so
well known as " Tottenham in his boots "), whose
grandson subsequently became Marquis of Ely ;
and also of John Toler, Earl of Norbury.

HENRY GERALD HOPE.

Clapham, S.W.

TRANSLATION OF VIRGIL. It has been said
that the line of Virgil ('.En.,' ii. 104),

Hoc Ithacua velit et magno mercentur Atridae,
has been translated,

Intestine quarrels place an obvious lever

In every hand of every unbeliever.

Which translator of Virgil was this ? G.

"DEPLENISH." Is this word allowable; and is
it not entirely Scottish? An auction catalogue
just received from Edinburgh describes several
minor libraries as being "removed from houses
recently displenished." W. ROBERTS.

86, Grosvenor Eoad, S.W.

CLOCK. I should be glad of any information
as to "Godft Poy, London." This signature is
engraved on the back of a small gilt clock, said
to have been made for King Charles II. when
Prince of Wales, which seems likely, as the key
forms the plumes and crown of a Prince of Wales.
Also the Tudor rose, and (the old standard of
the Stuarts I am told) the fringed banner of St.
George, a cross only, extending to the edge of the
flag, occurs among the ornamentations, which are
very elaborate and beautifully done flags, guns,
trumpets, cannon-balls, and much scroll- work.
The dials are silver, and on the small top dial is

engraved " Schlaat Nit Schla," which may be old
Dutch. The works, although barely three and a
half inches high, engraved also, comprise arrange-
ments for a fine-toned striker, repeater, and alarum,
like kettle-drums. The clock sounds the hours,
half-hours, and quarters with clearness and pre-
cision. There is no pendulum, but a spring, like
that of a watch. Can any one translate the Dutch
motto, which was, perhaps, engraved during the
king's exile, in Holland ? CURIOSITY.

" AUCHTERMUCHTT DOG." Reading in a weekly
an article on ' How Pepsin is procured in Chicago,'
I came across the following sentence: "Here fill
in the horrors of starvation, squealing, &c., and
imagine that the pig becomes in appearance a
veritable Auchtermuchty dog, a shadowy thing
buttoned up the back." What is "a veritable
Auchtermuchty dog," the " shadowy thing but-
toned up the back " 1 What is its history ?

R. HEDQER WALLACE.

PETRUCCIO UBALDINO'S ' ACCOUNT or ENG-
LAND.' Has this book ever been printed or trans-
lated ? The full title of the MS. before me
(apparently a contemporary copy, if not the
original) is :

" Belatione delle cose del regno d'Inghilterra, nella
quale si contengano per capi, come nella tavola appare,
tutti gli ordini piu degni di cognitione politic!, militari,
et ecclesiastic!. II governo politico, et il familiar della
corti, et de' nobili et popolari, 1'attione di alcuni ultimi
re. II modo della coronatione di quelli. Entrate et
spese ordinarie politicbe et icpnomiche, et altre cose
non meno utili che piacevoli da intendere, scritta
per Petruccio Ubaldino cittadin fiorentino. L' anno
MDLXXVJ in Londra."

In what capacity did Ubaldino visit England ?
Is anything further known of him ? Q. V.

COAT OF ARMS, 1561. Erm., on a bend a
lion passant between two fleurs-de-lis, occurs in
Calvin's * Fovr Godlye Sermons ' (London, Row-
land Hall, 1561, 8vo.), and probably throws some
light on the history of the book. Hot in Papworth
and Morant. C. SAYLE.

GORDON AND SINCLAIR. Can any of your
readers give me information about the following ?
Is it known whether or not there ever existed
a daughter of the first, second, or third Duke of
Gordon of the name of Ophelia; also, is there
any record of a marriage between the above Lady
Ophelia Gordon and a Sinclair, or St. Clair, of
Scotland, about the date of the second Jacobite
rebellion, 1745, or previous to it ?

W. H. R. KERRY.

Wheatland Windermere.

HEADLET FAMILY. I should be very much
obliged if any of your readers could inform me
whether in the following coat of arms Gules,
on a chevron between three falcons argent, mem-
ber ed and belled or, a cross crosslet fitch de sable

8"-S. X.Jt>tTll.'96.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

(Headleyor Hedley family) there is any probable
meaning attached to the cross, and why one
branch of the family should bear it and another
not. I should be very glad to know anything
about the above family. B. H. HEADLET.

THEATRE IN HAMMERSMITH. I have a variety
of play-bills of this place of amusement, dated in
1785-86 (when it is called "The New Theatre"),
and on all of them appear the names of Mr. and
Mrs. Waldron as the chief performers. The plays
announced are all comedies, among them being
'She Stoops to Conquer.' In one of the play-bills
is an appeal to the public for better support.
" The days of performing," says one of the play-
bills, are " Monday, Wednesday, and Friday," and
the company were engaged at Windsor on the
other three nights. Apparently this " New
Theatre " was open only in the summer.

What is known of this theatre ; and where-
abouts in Hammersmith did it stand ? The play-
bills are dated from "Mr. Waldron's, 17, Dor-
ville's Row/where tickets for the Boxes may be
taken." E. WALFORD.

Ventnor.

STATUE OF DUKE OF WELLINGTON. I should
like to know what has become of the Duke of
Wellington's statue which used to stand on the
green in front of the church of St. Peter ad Vincula
in the Tower. I remember asking a sergeant on
duty there, but he could give me no information.

G. A. BROWNE.

COTTON FAMILY. I have recently become
possessed of a small collection of books one of
which excites my curiosity. It is a Concordance
of the Bible. It lacks a title-page, but is other-
wise in good condition. From the dedication to
the Right Hon. Sir Thomas Coventry, Knt., &c.,
I find the author to be Clement Cotton ; and a
long "advertisement to the reader," by Daniel
Featley, bears date " Lambeth, Nov r ult. 1630."
Can you inform me if the above Clement was a
son of Sir Robt. Bruce Cotton, founder of the
Cottonian Library, and if this Concordance has
any literary reputation or value ? T. S. N.

New York.

A JOKE OF SHERIDAN. Early in the century
there was a well-known teacher of elocution who
either was a baker or lived at a baker's shop in
Fleet Street. This man had for pupils many pro-
minent persons, including members of Parlia-
ment. Sheridan, referring to a political opponent,
a needy place-hunter, known to have been a pupil,
eaid, "The right honourable gentleman went to
the baker for his eloquence and to the House
of Commons for his bread." Can any reader of
* N. & Q.' refer to a record of this ?

THORNFIELD.

PARISH CONSTABLES' STAVES.
(8 th S. ix. 464.)

The sage Hector informs us that

modest doubt is call'd
The beacon of the wise.*

The communication of MR. PAGE is likely to open
up a very interesting topic ; and I confess to a
" modest doubt " whether the weapon described in
the Northampton Mercury ever was a constable's
staff, or had anything whatever to do with that
symbolic instrument of authority. In the first
place, let me ask, Does the miniature flail described
by the local correspondent bear any insignia the
crown, the royal arms, or initials, &c., for in-
stance 1 Constables' staves at least, such as have
from time to time come tinder my observation
have invariably been authorized by some such
badge of issue. Secondly, permit me to relate
an actual personal experience of a weapon similar
to that described.

On Tuesday, 4 Jan., 1870, I was present, in my
professional capacity, at the Court of Quarter
Sessions holden in the Town Hall of Lewes, Sussex,
at a trial of certain labourers for trespassing at
night time on land in pursuit of game. During
the inquiry an implement was produced exactly
of the description given in the local newspaper
quoted by MR. PAGE. I handled the article, and
there and then made a sketch of it, which I trans-
ferred to my commonplace book, where the draw-
ing has remained undisturbed for now twenty-
six years and a half. Inasmuch as illustrations
are inadmissible in the columns of 'N. & Q./
I am precluded from presenting this memorial to
its readers ; but the description upon which I am
commenting so exactly applies that I have but a
note or two to add to it to enable the peruser to
understand a suggestion I shall venture to found
upon the communication. In the course of the
trial it appeared in evidence that the game-pre-
serving squire had armed his keepers with these
instruments for their personal protection. Whether
the weapons were used or not during the affray
that it transpired had taken place, or what the
result of the trial was, is immaterial for the pur-
poses of present expatiation. Now it must be
borne in mind that the transaction, the subject of
the judicial process, occurred in the county of
Sussex, within a very few miles of the southern sea
coast ; and then attend to what we learn from Mr.
Percy Fitzgerald, in his ' Chronicles of Bow Street
Police Office,' vol. i. p. 315, describing smuggling
on this shore just after the expiration of the first
quarter of the present century. In recording an
application made to Sir Richard Birnie, the famous

* ' Troilus and Crewida,' II. ii. 15, 16.

NOTES AND QUERIES. L th s. x. JULY n,

Bow Street magistrate, in October, 1827, the author
informs us that " the smugglers were armed with
swords, pistol?, and instruments called 'swingles,'
which are made like flails, and with which they
can knock people's brains out. Those instruments
are a new invention [I shall presently adduce some
reasons for doubting the novelty], and there is
no possibility of guarding against them, on account
of their capacity of flying round the body." Mr.
Fitzgerald goes on to tell us that " the * swingles '
were found upon this occasion to do great execu-
tion ; heads and arms were broken with them, and
we understand that all round the coast (quoting
the contemporary report) they are now in use."
The smuggled cargo in this instance had been
"run " on shore at Ringbourn, on the Hampshire
coast,* on the boundary of the counties of Hants
and Dorset speaking nautically, in the marine
neighbourhood of the home county, Sussex.

The Sussex weapon of this kind that I had thus
an opportunity of examining, as I have said,
resembled that described in the Northampton
paper, with the trivial variation that the suspended
striker was ovoid rather than spherical in shape.
The lower half, or bulbous butt, of the staff was
encircled on its thickest part by a rather deeply
indented series of notched turnings, evidently
designed to ensure firmness of grip when the article
was in active use, and the turned knobs on the
extreme base, decreasing in size, terminated in a
ring through which passed a cord loop, whereby to
secure the staff to the wrist of the wielder. Neither
hilt, staff, nor striker bore any device whatever.

The contemplation of this formidable machine
brought to my mind an historical reminiscence,
which I now proceed to adduce as a reason for
doubting that the invention was an absolute novelty
so lately as 1827.

In Lord Macaulay's ' History of England,' vol. i.
chap. ii. p. 236 (the five-volume edition of 1858),
we read, anent the panic that ensued in London on
the discovery of the murder of Sir Edmondbury
Godfrey in 1678: "No citizen thought himself
safe unless he carried under his coat a small flail
loaded with lead to brain the Popish assassins."
Now if we imagine the ovoid ball to be hollowed
out where the strap, secured by the iron rivet, is
inserted, and molten lead poured in to fill up the
cavity thus made, we have an exact model of the
weapon described by the noble historian, while its
size, as described, would adapt it to be privily
carried in one of the capacious pockets of the coats
then worn.

In an article in the Athenaum (No. 1723,
3 Nov., 1860, p. 581), entitled 'A Full and
Particular Account of the Lord Mayor's Pro-
cession, by Land and Water (Street Boy),' of

* Ringbourn is a coast village, near St. Alban's Head,
a well-known point in Dorsetshire to the west of the
Isle of Wight.

which the part that I am about to quote is cited
verbatim, with expressed approval, in the late Mr.
Mark Lemon's * Up and Down the London Streets/
at p. 144, we read anent the pageant which passed
through the City on 17 Nov., 1680, " in honour of
the birthday of Queen Elizabeth* and the Pro-
testant religion":

" The Green Ribbon Glob, invented, for the defence
of all honest men, who dreaded being massacred by the
Duke of York and the Papists, a pocket weapon, harmless
to look at [?], but effective enough when employed, as it
sometimes wa?, not against Papists, but in knocking:
down adverse pollers going up to vote at elections. The
handle is described by gentlemen who grasped or felt it,
as resembling a farrier's bleeding stick ; the fall was
joined to the end by a strong nervous ligature, ' that in
its swing fell just short of the hand and was made of
lignum vita, or, rather, as the poet termed it, mortis.'
Contemporaries called this the Protestant flail."

The writer is in error, however, when he goes on
to say "we know it now as the life-preserver."
The weapon called by that title in 1860 was not in
two pieces ; it was integral, a stout piece, about
nine inches in length, of flexible horn or whalebone ;
if of horn, the material fashioned into a hollow
knob, which was filled up with lead, if of whale-
bone, a knob formed by plaiting round a core of
the same metal.

Naturally, then, in handling the flail displayed in
court in 1870, my thoughts were directed to the
similar weapon carried in 1680. A quarter of a
century and more afterwards, on reading the extract
from the Northampton Mercury, the "modest
doubt " suggested itself that the implement therein
described had never served as a constable's staff,
but was a " swingle," and that probably " swingles "
are survivals of the Green Ribbon Club "Pro-
testant flail." NEMO.

The most noted of these is described (at 7 th S.
x. 387) as the " Dumb Borsholder," of Chart, in
Kent, used for legalized housebreaking ; " a squared
pole of wood, about two feet in length, with a

spike of iron at the end and clamps and rings

of iron on each side"; the primary use, no doubt,
was for " ejectment "; you unroof the house and
the tenant quits voluntarily, he is disfranchised,
and ejected from the community. Lambarde-
(1596) writes Bosholder, and the variation between
Bos and Bors resembles the fluctuations in Bosta!
and Borstal. In the North we find "bastle," a
sort of compromise between castle and Bastile, with
the same meanings. A. H.

LOCAL WORKS ON BRASSES (8 th S. ix. 188).
The bibliography of monumental brasses is a

* This was a widely diffused error at the time of the
Popish Plot in Charles II.'s reign, when the 17th had
been substituted for " Gunpowder Plot Day," 5 November,
as the anniversary date for anti-Popish demonstrations.
Queen Elizabeth was born on 7 September, 1533.
17 November was the anniversary of her accession to the
throne in 1558.

8ti 8. X. JCLT 11, '96.1

NOTES AND QUERIES.

subject of very considerable interest to the eccle
Biologist and general antiquary. I am able to
call H. T. G.'s attention to some additional books
and papers on brasses under counties. As far
back as 1812, Thomas Fisher published his ' Col-
lections, Historical, Genealogical, and Topo-
graphical, for Bedfordshire.' This is a handsome
quarto volume, and contains a great number of
good plates of the brasses of the county. Northants
has been done, not by Hailstone, but by the late
Rev. 0. H. Hartshorne. This was in 1840. There
is a more modern book (1853) on * The Brasses of
Northamptonshire,' by Franklin Hudson a large
folio with bronze-tinted lithographic plates, like
Waller's fine book.

My friend Mr. Cecil T. Davis, the courteous
Wandsworth librarian, has contributed to several
Midland newspapers good accounts of the brasses
of Herefordshire, Worcestershire, and Gloucester-
shire. These appeared in the Gloucester Journal,
from June, 1882, to September, 1885 ; in the
Worcester Herald, from Marck to December,
1883 ; and in the Evesham Journal and Four
Shires [i. e., Gloucester, Worcester, Oxford, and
Warwick] Advertiser, commencing in July, 1886.
Mr. Davis, at my suggestion, was asked by the
Eoyal Archaeological Institute to read his account
of the Gloucestershire brasses at their Gloucester
Congress in 1890, and it was published in
vol. xlviii. of the Archaeological Journal, pp. 19-
28. In the same volume is a paper by Mr.
Andrew Oliver on 'Brasses in the London
Museums/

The following list of recent brass papers (not
nearly complete, I fear) may be of use to H. T. G. :

Fairbank, F. R., M.D.. F.8.A., < Brasses in the Old
Deanery of Doncaster ,' Tories. Arch, and Top, Jour.,
xi. 71-92.

Fail-bunk, F. R., M.D., F.S.A., ' Brasses in Howden
Church, Yorkshire,' Yorks. Arch, and Top. Jour., xi.
169-173.

Foster, ^y. E., F.S.A., 'A Brass of a Lady in Gidney
Church, Lincolnshire,' Proc. Soc. Ant., second series,
xiii. 212.

Hope, W. H. St. John, Same subject, Proc. Soc. Ant,
second aeries, xiii. 212-4.

Oliver, Andrew, ' Brass of Andrew Eyyngar in All
Hallows, Barking,' Trans. St. Paul's Ecc. Soc., vol. iii.
pp. iv, v.

Waller, John Green, F.S.A., ' Brasses in Northumber-
land and Durham,' Arch. JEliana, N.S., xv. 76-89, 207.

Waller, John Green, F.S.A., ' Brass in Possession of
Surrey Archaeological Society,' Surrey Arch. Soc., x.

Axon, W. E. A., ' Manchester and Macclesfield Pardon
Brasses,' Tram. Lane, and Ches. Ant. Soc., x. 99-110.

Letts, Rev. E. F., Radclyffe Brasses in Manchester
Church,' Trans. Lane, and Ches. Ant. Soc., ix. 90-100.

Oliver, Andrew, ' Notes on the Brass of Andrew
Evyngar,' Journ. Brit Arch. Asso., xlriii. 263-4.

Stephenson, Mill, F.8.A., 'Monumental Brasses in
the East Riding,' Yorks. Arch, and Top. Jour., xii.

Bower, Rev. R., 'Brasses in the Diocese of Carlisle,'
Trans. Cumb. and West Ant Soc., xiii. 142-51.

Clarke, Ernest, F.S.A., ' On the Palimpsest Brass of
Sir Anthony and Dame Fitzherbert in Norbury Church,
Derbyshire,' Proc. Antiq. Soc., second series, xv. 96-9.

Manning, Rev. C. R., F.8.A., 'Monumental Brass
Inscriptions, &c., in Norfolk, omitted in Blomefield's
History of the County,' Norfolk Arch. Soc., xi. 72-104,
182-207.

Oliver, Andrew, ' Notes on English Monumental
Brasses,' Salisbury Field Club, i. 57-76.

Davis. Cecil T., ' Monumental Brass in the Old or
West Church, Aberdeen,' Arch. Jour., vol. li. pp. 76-80.

Stephenson, Mill, ' Monumental Brasses in Shrop-
shire/ Arch. Jour., vol. Iii. pp. 47-103.

Only so late as 6 March I heard Mr. F. A.
Bromwich read a paper on * Monumental Brasses "
before the Lancashire and Cheshire Antiquarian
Society at Chetham's Hospital, Manchester, which
indicated that a fitting chronicler has at last
arisen of our local brasses. I believe Mr. J. E.
Worsley, F.S.A., of Warrington, has in MS. a
very full history of these brasses, but all efforts
hitherto made have failed in persuading this,
gentleman to publish his work. Two other collec-
tions, also unfortunately existing in manuscript,
may here be mentioned, both relating to Cam-
bridgeshire: the first by the Rev. B. HaleWortham ;
the other, by H. K. St. J. Sanderson and Rev.
A. Brown, is, I understand, most full.

T. CANN HUGHES, M.A.
The Groves, Chester.

The brasses of Warwickshire were very care-
fully and fully described by Mr. E. W. Badger
in a series of articles in the Midland Naturalist
for 1886 (vol. ix.), these within the last few
months have been reprinted and published under
the title of ' The Monumental Brasses of Warwick-
shire. ' Some notes on the brasses of this county
by Mr. F. W. Beynon will also be found in the
Old Cross Magazine (Coventry) for November,
1878, and February, 1879 ; and by Mr. 0.
Williams in vol. xii. of the Transactions of the
Archaeological Section of the Birmingham and
Midland Institute, which also contains an illus-
trated paper by Mr. Cecil T. Davis on the brasses
of Herefordshire and Worcestershire. The brasses
of Sussex have been described by Mr. E. Turner
in vol. xxiii. of the Collections of the Sussex
Archssological Society ; those of Northampton-
shire by Dr. Franklin Hudson (London, 1853) ;
and of Westminster in the ' Antiquities of West-
minster Abbey,' by G. P. Harding and Thomas
Moule (London, 1825). BEN. WALKER.

Langetone, Erdington.

la answer to H. T. G.'s inquiry for the names
of local works on brasses, I beg to inform him
that a very complete account of Warwickshire
brasses has recently been published by Cornish
Brothers, Birmingham. Its title is " ' The Monu-
mental Brasses of Warwickshire, accurately Tran-
scribed, with Translations and Descriptive Notes/
By the Rev. E. W. Badger, M.A. (Oxon)

NOTES AND QUERIES.

Assistant Master in King Edward's School, Bir- '
mingham." Only one hand red copies, each num-
bered and signed, were printed. This book is not
illustrated, but the descriptions are minute and
fall. ANTIQUARY.

Complete lists of the brasses, extant and lost,
and of the matrices in the counties of Bedford and
Cambridge are now being published in the Trans-
actions of the Monumental Brass Society, of
which the secretary is the Rev. A. J. Walker,
B.A., 10, St. Dunstan Koad, Tunbridge Wells.
A Huntingdonshire list on the same lines is
ready, and others are in preparation.

0. J. CHARLTON.

For a description of the brasses in the counties
of Durham and Northumberland by Mr. J. G.
Waller, F.S.A., see the Archceologia JEliana,
vol. xv. pp. 76-89 j also pp. 207 and 311 of the
Bame volume. R, B.

South Shields.

A full list (but needing corrections occasionally)
of ' Brasses in Sussex Churches ' was contributed
by the late Rev. Edward Turner to the ' Sussex
Arch. Colls./ vol. xxxiii.

EDWARD H. MARSHALL, M.A.
Hasting?.

* A List of Monumental Brasses ' has been pub-
lished by the late Mr. Justin Simpson, of Stam-
ford (see ' Mr. Justin Simpson,' 8 th S. ix. 200).
CBLER ET AUDAX.

TOPOGRAPHICAL COLLECTIONS FOR COUNTIES
(8 th S. ix. 361, 497). G. W. M. will find a very
complete catalogue of the genealogical matter
collected by antiquaries for each county in Eng-
land in the ' Guide to Heraldry and Genealogy,'
by George Gatfield, published by Mitchell &
Hughes in 1892. DUNCAN PITCHER, Col.

Gwalior, Central India.

A SHAKSPEARIAN DESIDERATUM (8 th S. ix.
268, 476). Notwithstanding MR. HENDERSON'S
remarks at the second reference, I am not disposed
to qualify the judgment which I gave as to the
" unspeakably great boon " which Messrs. Chatto &
Windus conferred on students of Shakespeare
when they published the reduced facsimile of the
First Folio. I purchased the book when it ap-
peared in 1876, induced to do so by the following
high encomium (as I think, fully merited), which had
appeared in the Athenaeum :

"To Messrs. Chatto & Windus belongs the merit of
having done more to facilitate the critical study of our
great dramatist than all the Shakspeare clubs and
societies put together. A complete facsimile of the
celebrated first folio edition of 1623 for half-a-guinea is
at once a miracle of cheapness an<l enterprise. Being in
a reduced form, the type is necessarily rather diminutive,
but it is as distinct as in a genuine copy of the original,
and will be found to be as useful and far more handy to
the student than the latter."

MR, HENDERSON must be unfortunate in the
printing of his copy. Whether later issues were
more indistinct than the first I cannot say. I can
say only that in my copy I have never come across
a single " blurred or indistinct " word.

K. M. SPENCE, M.A.

Manse of Arbuthnott, N.B.

The best of all I take to have been Howard
Staunton's full-size facsimile. I had a copy, but
found it cumbersome, for it needed a special desk
all to itself. Now I am content to work with that
of 1876, "Chatbo & Windus"; the size is con-
venient, and, being short sighted, the small type is
no detriment to me ; but it has many " batters,"
so, when I find a letter indistinct, I check it by
Booth's reprint of 1864, which is very clearly I
may say cleanly done. A. H.

'THE SECRET OF STOKE MANOR* (8 th S. ix. 67).
The incomplete Blackwood story bearing this name,
and never republished in book form, was from the
pen of the late George Cupples, of Edinburgh,
whose sea story the ' Green Hand 'also a Black-
wood novel is still remembered. Its title appears
in a privately printed list of his works which I got
when I paid him a visit in 1887. A particular
copy of the story, carefully rebound by one of his
near relatives (deceased) at the time of its appear-
ance, I own. The cause of the non-completion
came from one of the peculiar fits of procrastination
to which its author was prone, more especially
severe when he would abandon luid-out work
to tackle bis favourite subject of anthropology.
Procrastination is often the bane of the literary
mind, bringing loss and discomfort to the publisher.
Cupples died at Edinburgh five years ago, and the
following inscription is on his tombstone :

George Cupplea,

Novelist, Critic. Philologist,

Who died October 17th, 1891, aged 69,

This stone is erected
By a few of his Oldest Friends,

In recognition of the varied literary gifts and attainments
of the Author,

and

In Loving Memory of
The Simple, Upright and Reverent Character

of the Man.
' He giveth his Beloved Sleep."

J. G. C.

FOOL'S PARADISE (8 th S. ix. 327, 414, 496).
The Aladine spoken of in the ' New Help to Dis-
course/ quoted by E. R. at the second reference,
is called Aloadine by Marco Polo, who speaks of
him as Prince of Mulehet, the place of heretics, in
the north of Persia, and says that he was put to
death by Ulan, in 1262 of our era. In Abulghazi's
* History of the Tatars/ he figures as "Calif Imo-
tasim," of Mulabaida, in Iran ; but this, according
to the English translator, is an error due to the

8">S.X.JcLTll,'96.J

NOTES AND QUERIES.

confusion of this old man of the mountain with
" Almotassem, Chalif of Bagdad," both of them
haying been put to death by Halaku Chan. The
translator calls the chief of these Iranian assassins
Rokn Al-din Chuz Shah, and his followers Mela-
hedah, or Ismaeliano. They lived in the country
of Chorasan, and were not finally extirpated until
the time of Timur. It is quite clear that they
were not Druses. C. 0. B.

KINOSLET'S ' HYPATIA ' (8 th S. ix. 464). I have
mislaid my copy of * Hypatia,' and forgotten what
Kingsley said about this fine manly old heathen,
or, as Spurgeon termed him, " this fine old Con-
servative." The story has been often repeated.
It is alluded to by Burton, in his 'Anatomy'
(1651, p. 662), and related by several old chroni-
clers, the quaint account of one of whom is here
given, that readers may compare it with that in old
French :

"Aboute that tyme Eycoldus duke of Frysons was
tourned by the prechyng of saynt Wulfranus y e bysshop
and wolde be crystned/ and put hia one foote in y"
fontestone & withdrewe y e other and axyd of them that
etoode aboute whether there were moo of his pre-
deceBSours in paradyse or in helle/ and was answered moo
in helle he herde y* and drough his foote out of y e water
& sayd It is esyer that I folowe the moo than y e lesse/
and so he was begyled of y e fende/ & deyde y e thyrde
daye after. Willelmua. de. po. li. iiii." ' Polycronicon,'
1527, f. 217v. (Written about 1340, and first printed by
Caxton in 1482.)

There is a modern variant of this history, clever
and amusing, but as it reflects on a section of the
Church, it would be out of place in * N. & Q.'

R. R.

Boston, Lincolnshire.

PEACOCK'S FEATHERS UNLUCKY (8 th S. ix. 408,
458). When and where this superstition had its
origin is a question your correspondent J. B. 8.
must be content to leave unsettled. It may, how-
ever, be taken as tolerably certain that this and
many other similar beliefs are of high antiquity,
usually traceable to what we call pagan sources.
Next, any belief concerning the peacock must of
necessity be of southern or eastern origin "Ivory
and apes and peacocks" (1 Kings x. 22) can
have nothing to do with Scandinavian or Teutonic
mythology. Moreover, the divinities of Assyria
and Egypt, down to those of classic times, had
some one or more animals or birds sacred to each
of them, which became his or her recognized
symbol, and was worshipped as representative
accordingly.

Images in the likeness of these creatures were
made, and were worn as amulets for the perpetual
propitiation of the deity symbolized ; or, like the
golden calf, the brazen serpent, the cricket of
Pisistratus, the lion of St. Mark, were set up in
conspicuous places as public objects of veneration
or as popular prophylactics.

The peacock was Juno's own bird, and its re-
presentation, whether in the Christian catacombs
as a symbol of the resurrection, or on the old gate-
way of Citta Vecchia as the symbol of Juno, the
protectress of Malta, has among southern people
always been held as a bird of good omen, and as a
bringer of " good luck." As a modern charm
against the evil eye the peacock, like the lily,
the royal flower, Juno's own, is worn to-day in
classic lands. Inter alia, I have, not many
weeks ago, bought in Italy a silver charm, much
worn, in which a peacock is the central object, set
in a sort of lyre-shaped frame, from which hang
three hands, the centre one in the position known
as cornuta, pointing the index and little finger;
the others in the position called infica. There are
many bronze peacocks to be seen in classic
museums, which in their day were something
more than ornaments in the houses whereto they
once belonged. It can be only suggested, but the
evidence seems to support the suggestion, that such
beliefs as are now current in England are bequests
from our Roman conquerors, probably reinforced
by the intercourse with Italy all through the
Middle Ages.

Unluckiness seems to be confined to the
bringing of the tail feathers of Juno's bird iato a
house. I am not aware that this idea is held out-
side this country, and, if it is confined to England,
many various causes may have led to the belief,
which possibly arose in comparatively modern
times no earlier than the Crusades.

Nothing is more probable than that several
Crusaders brought home the gorgeous feathers as
curiosities, a strange sight, and BO likely to make
a deep impression. Nothing is easier to conceive
than that some misfortune, death from disease,
loss of wealth, or other "bad luck" may have
happened to more than one possessor of the
beautiful feathers, and that they would on that
account soon be credited with being the cause. A
belief of this kind once started is of rapid growth,
and very long lived. F. T. ELWORTHY.

NELSON'S "LITTLE EMMA" (8 th S. ix. 488).
The statement in the * Diet. Nat. Biog.' is made
on the faith of Jeaffreson's ' Queen of Naples and
Lord Nelson,' vol. ii. p. 257. Jeaffreson's state-
ment, again, is presumably based on evidence to
be found in the Nelson- Hamilton MSS. in the
possession of Mr. Alfred Morrison, though it is not
so specifically stated. HOLCOMBE INGLEBY.

SAMUEL PEPTS (8 tk S. ix. 307, 489). In MR.
G. MARSHALL'S remarks upon Pepys's song he
has made some allusions to Davenant's operas
which require correction. They are based, appa-
rently, upon Burney's history, a work more than a
hundred years old. Complete copies of the * Siege
of Rhodes ' are now known, and give us full in-
formation concerning the music. Henry Liwes

NOTES AND QUERIES. [8 s. x. JULY n,

set the first and last acts, Capt. Cooke the second
and third, and] Matthew Lock the fourth, the
entr'actes being composed by Hudson and Dr.
Colman. Also the assertion that Lock was far
superior as a composer to Lawes and Cooke is
one which (apart from the disputed ' Macbeth '
music) few will be found to agree with. The
* Macbeth ' music is quite unlike Lock's recognized
works. For further particulars regarding operas
during the Commonwealth see ChappelTs ' Popular
Music of the Olden Time ' or my own ' History of
English Music/ a special feature of which is a

whitewashing " of the Puritans as regards music.

H. DAVBY.

82, Grand Parade, Brighton.

PATBIOT (8" S. viii. 367, 517 ; ix. 493). I
cannot help what Mr. Wheatley or any one else
says about the second edition of Minsheu. All
that I know of the matter is that I possess a copy
of it, " printed 22 July, 1625," and published, not
in 1626, but in 1627. So says the title-page;
and, if desired, I will send the book to MB. TERRY
for his inspection.

This reminds me how I once received a most
insulting letter, from an unknown correspondent,
telling me, with reprehensible frankness, that
my statement as to the existence of Minsheu's
' Spanish Dictionary/ dated 1623, was a plain
falsehood, as there was no such book. Yet I have
had a copy of it in my possession these twenty
years. WALTER W. SKEAT.

" POTTLE " (7 th S. iv. 365, 436). So long ago as
1887 MR. E. WALFORD remarked, in these columns,
that the word pottle, as applied to a long straw-
berry basket with a gradually diminishing circum-
ference, would soon be obsolete. At this particular
season I can remember, almost so long as fifty years
ago, the street call of, "Strawberries tup'ence a
pottle ! " sounding far and wide. And, young as
we children were, we knew full well all the fine
strawberries would be on the top, whilst the bottoms
of the elongated baskets would be filled with, at
best, inferior fruit, and too often with paper. In
Exeter market recently, I asked a strawberry
vendor how much a pottle his wares were, and the
man looked vacantly at me, without in the least
understanding the purport of my query. The
nearest approach I know of now to the old pottle,
are some fruit-baskets we see in Egypt. But the
latter are matted, or platted with more flexible
withy or reed, and are shorter and wider. The
Egyptian pottle is 7 in. or 8 in. long by 4J in. dia-
meter at top, or thereabouts, whereas its English
counterpart (so well as I remember it) was 10 in
long by 3^ in. to 4 in. at its widest diameter
dwindling down to 1 in. Further, the latter had a
stiff, bowed handle, the former has a looped one, oi
rush-made twisted twine. HARRY HEMS.

Fair Park, Exeter.

A KNIGHTED LADY (8 th S. ix. 124, 239, 372).
[n the introduction to the ' Poetical Works ' of W,
Drummond, edited by W. B. Turnbull, 1856, it is.
stated at p. vi that John, the second son of Sir
Robert Drnmmond of Oarnock, who founded the
'amily of Hawthornden, was in 1590 appointed
Gentleman Usher to James VI.; and on his
sovereign's accession to the English sceptre re-
ceived from him the rank of knighthood ; that he
married Susannah Fowler, daughter of a respect-
able burgess of Edinburgh, who subsequently had
also the accolade, and served as secretary to Queen
Anne. F. C. BIRKBECK TERRY.

"KNEELER" (8 to S. ix. 226, 350, 514). It ia
embarrassing to be contradicted by MR. HEMS.
Nevertheless my statement is correct. In the
Illustrated Catalogue ' of Jones & Willis, sixty-
fourth edition, pp. 28, 29 are occupied by textile
fabrics called "Mats and Kneelers." In that of
Frank Smith & Co., twenty-fifth edition, there is
a similar page of "Woolwork and Appliqud
Kneelers" (p. 39). In some lists, however, the
word is applied to a small stool, and sometimes to
the continuous carpet on which the communicants
kneel. But generally a "kneeler" is "a small
mat upon which to kneel/' as distinguished from &
door- mat, and from a mat on which to stand (as
at a lectern), which last mat is properly a pede-
mat. W. 0. B.

PIN AND BOWL (8 th S. ix. 424). There is no
doubt as to the meaning of this, for although as
the actual sign of an inn it may be rare, yet a
representation, often highly coloured, of a " pin "
falling from the blow of the " bowl " is still to be
seen, in Bristol and elsewhere, on many a public
house, usually at the side of the door, to show that
there is a "skittle alley" within. No doubt the
frequent use of this historical advertisement has
led to its adoption for the principal sign of the inn
referred to by MR. PENNY, and that would also
partly account for "pin," instead of "pins." It
is, however, only in one sense that the word " pins"
in this connexion is ever used. The people's game
is " skittles." " Nine pins " are toys for children,
and the name belongs to society. Skittles are cer-
tainly played with nine "pins" and "bowls," of
course, but only in speaking of the individuals are
pins so called. To " set up the pins " is the duty
of the attendant, but collectively they are the
"pack." In a crowded carriage of the Exeter
market train, I heard an old-fashioned farmer call
out to the person next the window, " Here J
Maister Cornder Pin, do 'ee plaise to let in a leetle
fresh air, us be 'most a-steefled." To hit the
" corner pin " is the aim of every skittle-player.
F. T. ELWORTHY.

"SICKER" (8 th S. ix. 485, 511). I have no
pretensions to Scots scholarship, and as I merely

. X. JOLT 11, '98.1

NOTES AND QUERIES.

wrote sicktr from my recollections of ' The Tales of
a Grandfather,' I had not intended to say any-
thing on the subject ; but SIR HERBERT MAXWELL'S
last courteous note seems to demand one word. I
cannot see that any argument in regard to Domes-
day spelling can be founded on such a word as
sicker. The various spellings of that word are
purely accidental, while the difference between the
Domesday " Holeburne," confirmed as it is by the
numerous ancient writings which I collated, and
Stow's bogus etymology of "Old Bourne," is organic.
On the whole, I consider it safer to assume that the
spelling of the Survey is right, unless by a com-
parison with the spelling in earlier A.-S. charters
it is clearly shown to be wrong.

W. F. PRIDEAUX.
Kingsland, Shrewsbury.

SAMUEL BLOWER (8 th S. ix. 89, 435). Samuel
Blower, Nonconformist divine, born at Lough-
borough, co. Leicester, matriculated from Magdalen
College, Oxford, 20 Feb., 1648/9. (of which society
he was demy 1648-52, and fellow 1652-1660), and
graduated B.A. 24 Feb., 1651/2, proceeding M.A.
13 June, 1654. He was ejected, at the Restora-
tion, from his lectureship at Woodstock, Oxford-
shire, and became (in 1662-3) the first pastor of
the Independent Church at Castle Hill, North-
ampton, which charge he quitted in 1694 or 1695,
and removed to Abingdon, where he died in

more, and may not improbably be able to give
him the information that he seeks. George Alley,
Esq., J. P., is one of them. M.

SHAKSPE ARE'S INDEBTEDNESS TO BEN JONSON
(8 th S. viii. 27, 132, 272, 317 ; ix. 150). MR.
JOHN MALONE regrets that the plain English of
Greene and Jonson misleads my " opinion." Un-
fortunately for his point of view, it has so misled
almost every English commentator on Shakespeare.
To quote one only, the Rev. Alex. Dyce :

" By the ' crow beautified with our feathers/ and
'the onely Shake-scene in a countrey,' it ia evident
that Greene alludes to Shakespeare, who beyond all
doubt began to cater for the stage by altering the works
of other dramatists : ' our feathers ' mutt mean certain
plays which had been written either separately or con-
jointly by Greene, Marlowe, Lodge, or Peele."

In ' Greene's Funeralls,' by R. B., 1594, there is
reference again to this literary plagiarism :
Greene ia the ground of every painter's die :
Greene gave the ground to all that wrote upon him.
Nay, more, the men that so eclipst his fame,
Purloynde his plumes : can they deny the same ?
Henrie Chettle, who edited Greene's tract in the
preface to ' Kind-Harts Dreame,' distinctly states
that one or two play makers took offence at
Greene's deathbed reproachings, and apologizes to
one in terms which are generally accepted as in-
dicating Shakespeare. W. A. HENDERSON.
Dublin.

,' 1853, p. 10.)

DANIEL HIPWELL.

COLUMN IN ORME SQUARE (8 th S. ix. 507).
The history of the column, as it has been told to
me by several of the oldest residents hereabouts,
is as follows. Early in the century Mr. Edward
Orme became possessed of the land in this imme-
diate neighbourhood, and at the time after
Waterloo that the basements of the houses in
Orme Square, St. Petersburg Place, Moscow Road,
&c., were being excavated, the Emperor of
Russia (Alexander I.), who was on a visit to
London, happened to be driving by and noticed
the beautiful colour and quality of the gravel. A
contract was arranged between the Czar and Mr.
Orrae that the gravel should be sent to Russia for
the grounds of one of the royal residences, a con-
tract carried out so much to Mr. Orme's satisfac-
tion that he named two of the streets after Russian
cities and put up the eagle in his own square.

H. G. GRIFFINHOOFE.
34, St. Petersburg Place, W.

ALLEY (8 th S. ix. 488). In reply to SIGMA-TAU,
the Rev. Peter Alley was rector of Donamore, in
the Queen's Co., not the county Wicklow. De-
scendants of Mr. Alley are still living in Dona-

H. C. will find a pedigree of the Saunderson
family, of Sheffield, co. York, in Hunter's * Hal-
lamshire ' (' History, &c., of the Parish of Shef-
field '), edited by the Rev. Alfred Gatty, 1869.
It begins with John Saunderson, of Tickhill, and
is brought down to Nicholas and Edward, of
Sheffield, circa 1670 ; states, also, that Edward
had a numerous progeny, most of whom settled
in Sheffield and the neighbourhood. The ' History
of Blyth,' 1860, may contain some information.
JOHN RADCLIFFE.

ASTRONOMY IN THOMSON'S 'SEASONS' (8 th S.
ix. 443). The editor of the Clarendon Press
Thomson, annotating the passage on the comet
in ' Summer,' says it was "added after 1738." The
likelihood, therefore, is that it was inspired as
MR. LYNN suggests. In the memoir of Thomson
prefixed to the Aldine edition of his works, pub-
id in 1860, a footnote on p. liii states that
" Mr. Bolton Corney has clearly shown the addi-
tions made to each edition of 'The Seasons' in a
tabular form. Altogether Thomson added 5,541
lines." A reference to Corney's edition of 1842
would probably settle the matter.

THOMAS BAYNE.
Helensburgb, N.B.

THE EYE OF A PORTRAIT (8 th S. ix. 468).
The note in the * Christian Year ' referred to by

NOTES AND QUERIES. [<> a x. JULT n,

your correspondent is under St. Bartholomew's
Day, and is from Miller's Bampton Lectures, to
the effect that the eye of Scripture, like the eye
of a portrait, is uniformly fixed upon us, turn
where we will. The great authority on this subject
is Dr. Wollaston, the contemporary of Davy and
Thomas Young, a man who had a profound know-
ledge of many sciences, so that it was truly eaid of
him " Nil erat quod non tetigit, nil tetigit quod
non ornavit."

While meditating on the old and well-known
fact that the eyes of a portrait seem to follow the
observer howsoever he may shift his position,
Wollaston 's first care was to obtain a pair of eyes,
which were to be well made, clear, and free from
all squinting propensities, in order to illustrate his
paper, ' On the Apparent Direction of Eyes in a
Portrait.' To this end he paid a visit to Sir
Thomas Lawrence at his house on the east side of
Russell Square (where I was taken when a little
boy on the chance of seeing some of the allied
sovereigns, who sat to this artist for their por-
traits). On hearing Wollaston's request that he
would paint him such a pair of eyes, Lawrence
replied, " I know the very eyes you require sit
down, for you are the possessor of them." Wol-
laston had the same objection as Cavendish to sit
for his portrait, but on this occasion he yielded,
and it was long supposed that the well-known
portrait in the possession of the Royal Society was
the result of this sitting. But it was stated
by Mrs. Somerville that at her urgent request
Wollaston sat to Jackson, who painted the
portrait just referred to. The eyes painted by
Lawrence were used to illustrate the paper in the
Phil. Trans., which represented two heads,
one of a male and the other of a female, with
an arrangement for altering the lower part of
the face in each case. Sir D. Brewster, in his book
on * Natural Magic,' contained in the "Family
Library " (Murray, 1832), has copied two of these
figures in wood, which, though inferior to those in
the original memoir, are really effective in illus-
trating Wollaston's curious discovery that by
adding to each pair of eyes a nose directed to
the right or the left, the eyes lose their front
direction, and look to the right or the left accord-
ing to the direction of the nose. By means of a
flap representing the lower features in a different
position, as Dr. Wollaston remarks,

"a lost look of devout abstraction in an uplifted
countenance may be exchanged for an appearance of
inquisitive archness in the leer of a younger face
turned downwards and obliquely towards the opposite
side."

As by changing the direction of the lower
features we change the direction of the eyes, so by
changing our position the eye of the portrait appa-
rently follows us. If a vertical line be drawn
through the tip of the nose and half way between

the eyes, there will be the same breadth of head,
of cheek, of chin, and of neck on each side of
this middle line, and each iris will be in the
middle of the whole of the eye. If we now move
to one side, the apparent horizontal breadth of
every part of the head and face will be diminished,
but the parts on each side of the middle line will
be diminished equally, and at any position, how-
ever oblique, there will be the same breadth of
face on each side of the middle line, and the iris
will be in the centre of the whole of the eye-ball,
so that, being on a flat surface, the iris will be seen
in front of the picture or obliquely.

Brewster illustrates the subject in various ways,
and to him we refer as well as to Wollaston's
original memoir in the Phil. Trans, for 1824.

C. TOMLINSON.

Highgate, N.

There used to be a notion current among
country people forty or fifty years ago (and pos-
sibly there still is) that if the eye of a portrait
appears to follow you the picture must be a good
one. I have frequently heard it said of a portrait,
" Well, it isn't much of a likeness, but it is well
painted, the eyes follow you." 0. 0. B.

Xavier de Maistre, in his ' Voyage autour de
ma Chambre,' which appears to have been pub-
lished in 1791, makes this the subject of his fif-
teenth and of a portion of his sixteenth chapters.
THOMAS J. JEAKES.

4, Bloomsbury Place, Brighton.

When the eyes of a portrait look straight for-
ward they always seem to follow you. If the
glance is upward, downward, or askance, it keeps
the one direction it was intended by the painter
to have. R. M. SPENCE, M.A.

Manee of Arbuthnott, N.B.

Sir D. Brewster, ' Natural Magic,' pp. 121, 122,
1832, observes :

" Having thus determined the influence which the
general perspective of the face has upon the apparent
direction of the eyes in a portrait, Dr. Wollaston applies
it to the explanation of the well-known fact that when
the eyes of a portrait look at a spectator in front of it
they will follow him, and appear to look at him in every
other direction. This curious fact, which has received
less consideration than it merits, has been often skilfully
employed by the novelist in alarming the fears or
exciting the courage of his hero."

ED. MARSHALL.

I fancy that MR. EDWARD MARSHALL'S query
refers rather to literary allusion to this phenomenon
than to its physical cause. Nevertheless, at the
risk of being thought superfluous, the explanation
may bear repetition. When a sitter is painted
with his eyes directed into those of the artist, the
light is represented as it is reflected from the orbs
in that position. If this is faithfully done, the
eyes of the portrait have the appearance of always
gazing at the beholder, irrespectively of his posi-

8" S. X. JOLT 11, '96.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

tion on the one hand, and of that of the pupils o
the portrait on the other. This illusion seldom
occurs in photographs, because photographers
generally request their patients to direct their
gaze, not into the lenses, but to a point to one side
of them. HERBERT MAXWELL.

FAMILY SOCIETIES (8 th S. ix. 424, 513). Both
your correspondents' communications at the latte
reference are wide of the mark, and furnish
nothing new to me. Mine related to famil
societies, and not to feasts or other socia
gatherings, nor to meetings for any purpose o:
particular families, or of the bearers of a like
patronymic, as unconnected with such a society or
its proposed formation. We are, therefore, still
without evidence (satisfactory or otherwise)
respecting the formation or attempted formation
of a family society prior to the date of that given
by me. But if any such be forthcoming it might
prove of interest to many both here and in the
States. ^ W. I. E. V.

Your correspondents remind me of the story
told by Sir N. W. Wraxall about Charles, Duke
of Norfolk. His Grace, wishing to bring together
in a family gathering "all the Howards" at
Arundel Castle, gave up the idea in despair, as he
found that in order to accommodate them he should
have to find room for several hundreds, if not
thousands of persons, all descended from the first
peer, t quote from memory, not having Wraxall
at hand. E. WALFORD.

Ventnor.

DRAGON, ITS PRONUNCIATION (8 th S. ix. 324).
Has MR. W. T. LYNN quoted his "mock
hexameter line " correctly ? To me it seems most
halting, and not rightly scanned. Surely "the
story " is not a dactyl, but an amphibrach, and
" relates " can hardly be regarded as a spondee

curiously enough, it has " Drag'on, an herb, the
dracunculus." Bailey has drag on. The latter pro-
nunciation is that of the old ballad ' The Dragon
ofWantley':

Do but slay this dragon, who won't leave us a rag on.
We '11 give thee all our goods.

Pope, also, in ' The Dunciad,' iii. 285-6, has :
Yet lo ! in me what authors have to brag on !
Reduc'd at last to hiss in my own dragon.

F. 0. BIRKBECK TERRY.

WEIGHING THE EARTH (8 th S. ix. 224, 314,
93, 470). There can be no doubt about the house
which was occupied by Francis Baily, LL.D.,
F.R.S., and President of the Astronomical Society.
It was No. 37, Tavistock Place, and was originally
built by James Burton for his own occupation.

It came subsequently into the possession of Mr.
Benjamin Oakley, of the Stock Exchange, from
whom it was purchased by Mr. Baily, who occu-
pied it till his death on 30 August, 1844. A good
account of this part of London and of the dis-
tinguished persons who have resided in or near
Burton Street is given by John Britton in the
appendix to his 'Autobiography/ pp. 137-165.
Britton was an intimate friend of Mr. Baily, and
a portrait of that gentleman will be found in
part i. of the ' Autobiography.' Every one must
wish that a house of such historic interest had
been spared. W. F. PRIDEATTX.

Kingaland, Shrewsbury.

' GENERAL PARDON,' &c. (8 th S. ix. 428). la
1853, Charles 0. Babington, of St. John's College,
Cambridge, possessed an imperfect copy of this
pamphlet, and requested the loan of a complete
copy to enable him to transcribe the missing por-
tion. He stated he had not been able to meet
with the tract in the British Museum, Bodleian,
Cambridge University, Lambeth, and several of
the college libraries at Cambridge.

EVERARD HOME COLEMAN.

BEDFORD CHAPEL, BLOOMSBURY (8 th S. ix. 221,
429). For four or five years in the sixties this
chapel was a somewhat favourite resort of mine of
a Sunday evening, and I have therefore read these
notes with peculiar interest. But surely MR.
TUCKETT must be mistaken in applying Hook's
verses to it. I have always heard of them as having
been written of Dr. Lief child's Chapel, situate, I
believe, in or near Gower Street. Nor is it the
fact, unless my memory greatly errs, that Mr.
Brooke removed to Bedford Chapel when he
quitted the Church of England. I remember
him well at York Chapel. He must have migrated
to Bloomsbury some years before his secession
from the Church. Mr. Bellew had, as COL. PRI-
DEAUX says, a remarkably fine presence in the
pulpit, but his reading of the service (and especially

the lessons) always struck me as somewhat
theatrical. He had one habit, however, which
might be copied with advantage by others of his
cloth. He would sometimes say upon ascending
.he pulpit : " I have not prepared a sermon for
this evening, but shall read you one from St.
Augustine," or it might be from some other old
writer. Of all the Bedford Chapel preachers I
remember, I should say that Mr. Christopherson
was the most noteworthy (Mr. Brooke I never
leard there). There are not many sermons that
me can remember after the lapse of twenty-five
>r thirty years ; but of one or two of his I have
till a very vivid impression. His style was very
>old and ironical, and his delivery did it full
ustice. C. 0. B.

Neither A. H.'s statement nor his impression
oncerning the Kev. Stopford Brooke is strictly

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[8 S.X. JULY 11, '96.

correct. Mr. Brooke was curate of St. Matthew's, luck," of which BO mnch has been lately written

Marylebone, from 1857 to 1859 ; curate of Ken-
sington from 1860 to 1863, chaplain to the British
Embassy at Berlin from 1863 to 1865, and minister
of York Chapel, St. James's, from 1866 to 1875.
In the year 1876 he became minister of Bedford
Chapel, Bloomsbury, but he did not quit the
Church of England until 1883. In that year he
announced to his congregation that in future he
intended to conduct the services at Bedford Chapel
upon the principles of Unitarianism.

JOHN T. PAGE.
5, Capel Terrace, Southend-on-Sea.

There is another, and I think the original, version
of Theodore Hook's lines, running thus :
'Tifl right that the friends of this building should know
There 's a spirit above, and a spirit below,
The spirit above is the spirit divine,
But the spirit below is the spirit of wine.

A similar caution was written, sixty years ago,
in Birmingham, when Christ Church, New Street,
had its congregation divided, males and females :
The churches and chapels we generally find
Are the places where men unto women are joined
But at Christ Church it seems they are more cruel-hearted
For women and men go there to be parted.

ESTB.

I am glad to be put right about Dr. Sacheverell.
It is many years since Mr. Stopford Brooke
" opened his ministry " in London, as curate of
Kensington, when Archdeacon Sinclair was vicar.
He moved to Bedford Chapel, when Lord Car-

in <N. &Q.' C. P. HALE.

Mr. W. HENDERSON, in 'Folk-lore of the
Northern Counties' (Folk-lore Society), 1879,
remarks, at p. 112 :

If two persons wash their hands together in the
game basin they will be sure to fall out before bed-time.
This is said all England over. A lady informs me that
the belief held its ground when she was at school, and
that it was necessary to avert the evil omen by ' cross-
ing the water' with the forefinger. I have seen this
done by a farmer's daughter in Devonshire."

Mr. Jesse Salisbury, in ' A Glossary of Words
and Phrases used in S.E. Worcestershire,' says
(p. 72) .

If two persons wash their hands at the same time
in one bowl, they must spit in the water, otherwise they
will quarrel before the day is over."

F. C. BIRKBECK TERRY.

It is commonly believed in Lincolnshire that if
a person washes his or her hands in water that
has been used for a like purpose by any one else,
unless the second user of it makes the sign of the
cross over the water that the two will most surely
quarrel, or, as it is locally expressed, " fall out."
I never heard of it being made in the water, as
recorded by C. C. B. A great-aunt of mine, who
were she now alive would be in her hundred and
second year, told me that it was the custom to
make the cross over water in Norfolk for the
same reason that it is done in Lincolnshire, and

in the same manner. It is, however, more than

** * v **v *v ..'VU* vri\A vyu-wpflj TT UGU J~JVSJ.ll V-/C*i ~ I - 1 1 J"l_ "VT" f II

narvon brought the York Street Chapel (not known, sevent y- five 7 ears since my relative leffc Norfolk,
I think, as York Chapel) to an end ; he was then | and l do not know whether * e custom ** "mams,
in the Church of England, and he took Bedford

FLORENCE PEACOCK.

Chapel with him when he seceded.

EDWARD H. MARSHALL, M.A.
Hastings.

Another quite explicable charm in its use, so
far as I know, not confined to any particular
locality when two people share the same hand-
washing water, is for the second comer to spit into
the basin. EDWARD H. MARSHALL, M.A.

The custom referred to by C. C. B. still obtains
in Berkshire, where the less refined natives em-

FOLK-LORE : WASHING HANDS (8 th S. ix
425). As the editorial note implies, this item of
folk-lore is not uncommon. It is mentioned by

Grose, who tells us that washing the hands in the w

same basin or with the same water that another I phasize their desire for amity by, under the cir-
perspn has washed in is extremely unlucky, as the cumstances in question, spitting in the water, and
parties will infallibly quarrel. No reason, he thus "spitting their spite " by means of the action,
adds, is assigned for this absurd opinion. Ob- F. G. S.

viously the notion of making the sign of a cross, Is - t not ible that the BUper8 tition is intended
which C. C. B s little niece advised as a preven- to illustrat the disadvantages attendant on too
tive of quarrelling, must be referred to the general '
belief prevailing in the good fortune which attaches
itself to the symbol. We have many instances of

this belief, of which 0. C. B. is probably aware. I The mystery is easily explained. It is true that
But with reference to its use in connexion with Gibbs built the present church in 1721-6, but it
this " washing hands " superstition, I must confess simply replaced a previous structure. In the reign
its newness to me. I have heard, however, that of Henry VIII. the church of St. Martin-in-the-
the danger of a quarrel may be avoided by each Fields was found to be in a ruinous state, and was

close intimacies ? H. T.

ST. MARTIN'S-IN-THE-FIELDS (8 th S. ix. 446).

of the parties spitting into the water. This notion
prevails, I understand, among children in the
Metropolis. We have in this, it will be seen,
another instance of the so-called "spitting for

rebuilt, and in 1607 Prince Henry, the eldest son
of James I., added a chancel at his own expense.
The church, having fallen into decay, was taken
down in 1721, and the foundation-stone of the

8> 8. S.JULY 11, '96.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

present structure was laid on 19 March, 1722.
As to Nell Gwynne, I certainly had no idea her
remains had been removed. I have consulted
several books which refer to St. Martin's, and
none of them says a word about any removal.
Was she buried in the church, or in the church-
yar( i ] JOHN T. PAGE.

[Many replies to the same effect are acknowledged.]

NOTES ON BOOKS, &c.

THE most important life in the forty-seventh volume of
the ' Dictionary of National Biography,' that of the
"spider of hell," as Sir Walter Ralegh was called by
Coke, bears two signatures, those of Prof. Laughton and
to believe that, while the
assigned the professor who

the physician, is in the hands of Mr. Aitken, and Robert
Radcliffe, the first Earl of Sussex, in those of Mr. Robert
Dunlop. Dr. Garnett deals with Ann Radcliffe, the
novelist, and says that she " cannot be excluded from a
place among great romancers." Allan Ramsay, wig-maker
and poet, to whom we owe ' The Gentle Shepherd,' is the
most valuable of Mr. Baynea's contributions, and John
Reeves, the king's printer, the most important of those of
Mr. Gordon Goodwin. Mr. W. P. Courtney, Mr. Russell
Barker, Mr. P. J. Anderaon, Mr. Boase, Mr. Thompson
Cooper and Miss Elizabeth Lee are, as usual, responsible
for many lives of importance. Mr. Austin Dobson,
Dr. Jeseopp, and the Rev. William Hunt are contributors.
Mr. Charles Kent sends a sympathetic memoir of that
strange being Charles Reade, and Mr. H. Davey in-
troduces us in John Redford to a little-known musician.
Among the names of writers that will not be sought for
in vain are those of the Rev. W. D. Macray, Dr. Norman
Moore, Mr. D'Arcy Power, Mr. Tedder, and Mr. Charles
Welch.

Journal of the Ex-Librit Society.
THIS well-conducted journal maintains its interest and
value. To the last number Mr. J. Carlton Stitt contri-
butes a list of ' English Ladies' Armorial Book-plates.'
to find that the errors in the

World ' is classed among " the noblefct of literary enter
prises." The difficulty in the way of identifying Ralegh's
poems the signatures " Sir W. R." and " Ignoto," which
he occasionally attached to them, not being an infallible
guide to authorship is shown to extend to Ralegh's
prose writings, many of which are apparently lost. The
sentiment inspired by the greatness of his downfall and
the baseness of his persecution are said to have exalted
the popular estimate of Ralegh's character, and to have
assigned him an importance to which he was not entitled.
"Physical courage, patriotism, resourcefulness " are to
be ungrudgingly ascribed to him. He had, however,
"small regard for truth, and reckless daring was the
main characteristic of bis stirring adventures as politician,
soldier, sailor, and traveller." The volume opens with
a contribution of the editor, who, writing of Puckle, the
author of ' The Club,' the moral reflection in which Mr.
Lee justly decries as tedious, says that "the book's
long lease of popularity seems to exceed its literary
merits." The Puttenhame, George and Richard, one of
whom wrote the ' Arte of English Poesie,' are also in the
hands of Mr. Lee, who is, moreover, responsible for the
laureate, Pye ; Francis Quarles, of ' Emblems ' fame ;
Randolph, one of the literary offspring of Ben Jonson ;
Isaac Reed, the Shakspearean editor, and many other
men of interest or importance, with whom has, curiously
enough, to be classed one highwayman. The solitary
contribution of Mr. Leslie Stephen consists of a bio-
graphy of Thomas Reid, " the philosopher " (meta-
physician ?), the representative of the school of " common
sense." An important life of Pym is by Dr. Samuel
Rawson Gardiner. It is a valuable addition to our
knowledge of a struggle on which too much light can
never be poured. Mr. C. H. Firth is seen to advantage
in lives of Sir James Ramsay and Rapin, otherwise
Rapin-Thoyras, the historian and soldier, of whose
career a stimulating narrative is given. The spirited
account of the career of the first Marquees of Dalhousie is
from the pen of Sir Alexander J. Arbuthnot ; that of
Henry Puree!!, first of English musician?, is by Mr.Fuller-
Maitland ; Mr. Stanley Lane-Poole depicts Sir Henry
Rawlinson. Among many careful and erudite lives by
Mr. Seccombe, that of Cyrus Redding, the journalist and
historian of wines, is the most generally interesting.
A striking account of James Radcliffe, third Earl of
Derwentwater, is from the same pen. John Radcliffe,

;, we are presumably indebted for
the account of the fifth annual exhibition held under
the protection of the Society.

MAKING its appearance in its enlarged shape, and at
its old price of a shilling, the Cornhill takes, for once,
precedence of all competitors. It is announced as No. 1
of a new series. It is difficult to imagine an opening
number of more varied interest. Mrs. Richmond Ritchie
leads off with an account of the original first number
of the Cornhill, with extracts from the letters received
by her father (Thackeray) from Monckton Milnes (Lord
Houghton), Carlyle, Macaulay, Mrs. Barrett Browning,
and other celebrities. Some of her father's discomforts
as an editor are also narrated. Prof. Goldwin Smith
supplies an anniversary study of ' Burke.' A very curious
article is supplied in the ' Memoirs of a Soudanese
Soldier,' translated by Capt. Percy Machell. Mr. Grant
Duff gives several stories from the ' Menagiana.' One
is somewhat surprised to see this collection once more
laid under contribution, and wonders if other of the
French ana are to follow. ' Animal Helpers and Servers '
is happy and new. ' Black Ghosts ' is an attractive study
in folk-lore. ' Pages from a Private Diary ' is very well
written. We fancy, however, the revelations are pastiches,
and that no such diary ha?, in fact, been kept. In the
Fortnightly Mr. Traill writes with characteristic spirit
and brightness upon the ' Analytical Humourist.' Him-
eelf a humourist of the first water, he supplies the best
definitions of the relative provinces of wit and humour
that we have yet read. Prof. Max MUller deals, in
' Coincidences,' with the resemblances between Catholic
and pagan ceremonial, and passes thence into some
philological investigations of keenest interest. 'The
Highway Robber,' at whom Ouida preaches, is the motor
car, the introduction of which into England she solemnly
deprecates. An earnest and an eloquent writer, Ouida,
many of whose views we share, often conveys to us the
idea of over-proving her case. We agree with her that
the long, straight, and not seldom wearisome roads of
France and Belgium are immeasurably better suited to
that form of engine than the lovely green lanes of
England, wandering indolently and, as it seems, inten-
tionally by the longest route from hamlet to hamlet.
Mr. Claude Phillips discusses 'The Salons,' and Mr.
T. H. 8. Escott ' The Development of Lord Salisbury.'
Special attention is attracted in the Nineteenth Century

NOTES AND QUERIES. [s-s. X.JULY 11/95.

to a translation of a letter from the Emperor of China
to King George III. One wondera whether an epistle
80 condescending in its patronage ever, in its integrity,
reached the hands to which it was addressed. One
cannot easily fancy George 111. accepting with perfect
equanimity the assurance that he lived " in an obscure
Bpot across the oceans." A profoundly important and
Btimulating paper, to which it is not necessary to direct
the attention of our readers, is that of Prof. Tylor on
The Matriarchal Family System.' What is said about
the pretence of wife capture still prevailing in some
countries, on purchase of wives, and on other similar sub-
jects, ia of highest interest. Mr. Walter Alison Phillips
draws attention to Walter von der Vogelweide, some of
whose lyrics he translates. The adventurous career of
Alvar Nunez is told by Mr. 11. B. Cunninghame Graham.
Mr. Rowland . Prothero gives Btimulating excerpts
from ' New Letters of Edmund Gibbon.' Mrs. Bertrand
Russell contemplates woman in Germany from the
Social Democratic point of view. Mr. Frederic Wed-
more opens his mind on the subject of ' The Music Halls/
and Lord Meath thinks that ' Manners in Great Britain '
are on the decline. If his lament is justified, the fault
is probably found in the almost total absence of disci-
pline as applied to youth. The same complaint is, how-
ever, as old as the hills. The author, in the New
Review, of ' Talks with Tennyson ' has been admitted
into close intimacy with the poet. His revelations are
all interesting, and possibly escape the charge of indis-
cretion. The alterations made by Tennyson in answer
to implied, even if unspoken, criticism, are unmistakable
improvements. ' The Stream's Secret,' by Mr. Maxwell
Gray, shows close sense of poetry and insight into it.
Some of the views expressed win our concurrence. In
dealing with poetry concerning the sea we are surprised,
while reading "More than any poet Tennyson has
brought the sea into poetry," to find no mention of Mr.
Swinburne. In a paper by Mr. Gladstone on 'Man
Making and Verse Making' it is curious to find that
veteran scholar passing over two misquotations from
Horace. Sir Herbert Stephen writes thoughtfully and
sagely on ' Criminals' Confessions.' The Century leads
off with an account, by Mr. F. Marion Crawford, of
St. Peter's, Rome. This gives a good idea of the dimen-
sions of tbat noble pile, and is well illustrated by M. A.
Castaigne. ' Glimpses of Venezuela and Guiana ' has
more than temporary interest. Mr. Sloaue's stirring
'Life of Napoleon Bonaparte' deals with the retreat
from Moscow, and concludes with the last imperial
victory. Very striking are the pictures of Russian and
Austrian delays and tergiversations. What might almost
be a continuation of the same valuable history is fur-
nished in ' A Family Record of Ney's Execution,' from
an unpublished memory of the Genet family. As an
illustration, Gerard's fine portrait of " The bravest of
the brave " is reproduced. ' An Arctic Studio ' repays
attention. Scnlners opens with a well-written and no
less well-illustrated account of Coney Island. It has a
pleasant holiday flavour. Mr. Brander Matthews writes
on ' The Beauty of Place-Names,' and supports Irving's
suggestion that New York City should be Manhattan;
the state, Ontario; the Hudson, the Mohegan; and the
United States, Appalachia. Sir Martin Con way's ' A
Thousand Miles through the Alps ' gives a stimulating
account of ascents, beginning at the Col de Tenda and
ending in the Austrian and Bavarian Tyrol. 'Some
Portraits of Turner ' is very curious. ' The English
Settlement of Canada,' which appears in Macmillan's,
deals with historical events concerning which, recent as
they are, very little knowledge exists in England. ' A
Modern Sindbad ' records recent adventures of a suffi-
ciently surprising kind. 'Some Thoughts on Racine*

undertakes the defence of a writer who has never
appealed, and will not appeal, to the majority of Eng-
lish readers. 'An Italian Adventurer' deals with the
romantic and unhappy career of Leonardo Trissino.
Very startling is the information conveyed in ' How
[English] History is written in America.' Mr. E. A.
Petherick sends to the Gentleman's an account of ' Mun-
dus Alter et Idem,' an anonymous romance of the
time of James 1., from which it ia supposed Swift bor-
rowed the idea of ' Gulliver's Travels.' In the erudite,
but not always impeccable Lowndes the work is ascribed
to Bishop Hall, the author of ' Virgidemiarium.' It is
known to have been humorously translated by John
Healey as ' The Discovery of a New World.' This John
Healey Mr. Petherick identifies with a recusant of the
name, concerning whom many curious particulars are
unearthed. As a bibliographical study the article has
much value. Mr. Adams writes pleasantly on Burton and
the 'Anatomy of Melancholy.' A sympathetic paper on
' Henriette Renan ' appears in Temple Bar, in which
'A Triad of Elegies' deals competently with 'Lycidas,'
* Thyrsis,' and ' Adonais.' Subtle points of difference are
dwelt upon by the writer, who scarcely seems so sensible
to the magic of Milton as he is to that of Shelley and
Arnold. An appreciative estimate of Verlaine is also
given. The Pall Mall, the illustrations in which are
a credit to English art, gives ' Notes on some Dickens
Places and People,' by Charles Dickens the younger.
These notes may be read with abundant interest, and
the spots, picturesque or other, that are reproduced are
excellent. Mr. H. A. Bryden writes well on 'Zebras'
and their characteristics. Much to be commended is
also Sir E. B. Malet's spirited record, 'Through the
Lines.' The English Illustrated gives a portrait and
memoir of Li Hung Chang, a well-illustrated account of
' The Intermarriages of England and Denmark,' and
other noteworthy contents. Longman's has also a well-
assorted variety of contents. Chapman's, as is its pro-
fession, overflows with fiction, much of it stirring.

CASSELL'S Gazetteer of Great Britain and Ireland,
Part XXXIV., extends from Liddington Warren to
Llanfihangel, and deals largely with Welsh names, such
as Llandudno. Lincoln, the fine cathedral of which
furnishes an illustration, is the place of most importance
in the part.

IJtotfjCi* 10 &0ms0tttais,

We must call special attention to the following notices:

ON all communications must be written the name and
address of the sender, not necessarily for publication, but
as a guarantee of good faith.

WE cannot undertake to answer queries privately.

To secure insertion of communications correspondents
must observe the following rule. Let each note, query,
or reply be written on a separate slip of paper, with the
signature of the writer and such address as he wishes to
appear. Correspondents who repeat queries are requested
to head the second communication "Duplicate."

A. V. GOUGH ("Lunar Calendar"). Has been for-
warded to ME. NEILSON.

J. H. (" Rhedarium "). Consult a Latin dictionary.

NOTICE.

Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The
Editor of ' Notes and Queries ' "Advertisements and
Business Letters to " The Publisher " at the Office,
Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.G.

We beg leave to state that we decline to return com-
munications which, for any reason, we do not print; and
to this rule we can make no exception.

8 th S. X. JOLT 18, '96.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

LONDOJf, SAIVRDAY, JULY 18, 1896.

CONTENT 8. N* 238.

NOTES : Burns Bibliography, 41 Burns in Dumfries-
Burns in Fife Burns's Love of Books, 42 Burns at the
Plough Linkumdoddie Burns's Lass Burns Belie
A Daimen-icker," 43 Massinger T. Fuller, 44
' Trouble " Bunyan, 45" It 's a very good world," &c.
M.P.s, 46" Pony of Beef " J. B. Taylor Hair Folk-lore
Steel Pens Coleridge and Lytton, 47 Mary Stuart
" Clem "-St. Comply, 48.

QUERIES : Drawn Battle Scotch " Legend " Bemman
Gray Astrological Signatures, 49 Norman Charters
' Gulliver's Travels ' " Marcella "Inscription" Irpe "
Aerolites J. Payne" Pushful "Gordons, 50 Arms of
Ipswich School Armorial John Norman Quotation-
Scrimshaw ' The Mill ' " Billingsgate," 51 Plague
Stones" Bombellieas," 52.

REPLIES : Oxford in Early Times, 52 Umbriel Fourth
Earl Ferrers G. Borrow University Grace Darling, 53

Chinese Collection Southwell MSS. Prebendary
Victoria Victor Hugo Lloyd Knighthood, 54" Bosch "
New Help to Discourse ' " Jemmy," 55 Spanish
Motto Boak, 56 Perris Princess Leonora Christina
The Rover's Bride 'Thames or Isis, 57 Gainsborough

Florence Osbaldeston Church Brief Changes in
Country Life, 58 Wedding Ceremony " Findy "Play
on Words Haddow, 59 Chapel of Fulham Palace Pic-
ture of Waterloo Dinner American Universities Tan-
nachie Flying Dutchman Book of Common Prayer-
Tom Paine, 60 Dog Stories Spanish Armada Burns
Descendants N. Stone Maid Marian's Tomb, 61
" Populist" Foolscap Drury Lane Theatre Banishment
of Earl of Somerset Angelica Catalan!, 62 Arresting a
Body Hugo's ' Dfisinteressement' "Dead Men's Fin-
gers" Rough Lee Hall Straps, 63 Steam Carriage-
Governor French Prisoners of War Alderman Cornish-
Authors Wanted, 64.

NOTES ON BOOKS : Shilleto's Burton's 'Anatomy of
Melancholy' Waugh's 'Johnson's Lives of the Poets,'
Vols. II., Ill , and IV. Maurice's ' Bohemia' Holmes's
London Burial Grounds ' ' Gentleman's Magazine
Library ' ' English Topography ' Lane - Poole's ' Coins
and Medals.'

Notices to Correspondents.

A CONTRIBUTION TO BURNS BIBLIOGRAPHY.

Now that we are commemorating the Burns
centenary, a reference to the communications con-
cerning the poet, many of them of pregnant
interest, that haye appeared in ' N. & Q.' may be
acceptable to readers.

The First Series, 3 Nov., 1849, to 29 Dec.,
1855, supplies the following :

Burns (Robert), and Propertius, iv. 54 ; lines by him,
i. 300 ; x. 521 ; relics, iy. 434, 486; supposed plagiary in
the ' Vision,' Hi. 206.

The Second Series, 5 Jan., 1856, to 28 Dec.,
1861, gives :

Burns (Robert), inedited poetry, ii. 506; punch-bowl,
iv. 454; his centenary, vi. 496; vii. 146; death of his
mother, vi. 529 ; grace after meat, 324 ; and Dr. Moor,
tii. 453; first copy of his poems, 146; fugitive line?,
414 ; song, " A man 's a man for a' that," 146, 184, 226,
266; Ilev. John Dun's opinion of him, Yin. 23; birth-
place of Highland Mary, 380; MS. poems, ix. 24, 88;
similarity of sentiment between him and others, x. 305,
397; 'The Jingler' attributed to him, 43, 158, 459;
The Whistle,' date of tbe contest, x. 423 ; xi. 232, 337 ;
unpublished line*, x 510: "Willie brewed a peck o'
maut," xi. 307, 366, 377.

In the Third Series, 4 Jan., 1662, to 28 Dec.,
1867, are :

Burns (Robert), and Andrew Homer, i. 147, 256
poetical Epistle to him, iii. 348, 413 ; and George IV.
iv. 69 ; the drinking bout of ' The Whistle,' vi. 123 ,
poem, ' The Jolly Beggars,' viii. 355 ; supposed acquaint-
ance with old plays, 390, 485 ; and Nicholas Rowe, ix.
25; 'Bibliotheca Burnsiana,' x. 7; 'The Caledonian
Hunt's Delight,' xi. 158, 321; autograph of Bruce's
Address to his Troops at Bannockburn,' xii. 105.

The Fourth Series, 4 Jan., 1868, to 27 Dec.,
1873, furnishes :

Burns (Robert), inedited letter, i. 218 ; noticed, 552,
553; and the Thomson family, 283, 355, 429; anecdotes
of him, 5i. 483; iii. 117; v. 375; x. 409; portraits, iv.
274, 318, 392, 395, 543; and Polly Stewart, v. 55; at
Brownbill Inn, vi. 150; relics and letters, vii. 449; viii.
32; xii. 385; his watch, viii. 398; copy of Sbakspeare
and Blind Harry's ' Wallace,' ix. 236, 371, 392 ; and
Nathaniel Hawthorne, x. 273, 359; and Highland Mary,
lines in the 'American Spiritualist,' xi. 92, 143; his
biographers, 215; snuff-boxes, xii. 7, 56, 96, 154.
Burnsiana.

Auld Lang Syne,' error in, vii. 386, 501; viii, 55;
xii. 75

" Black 's your coat," &c., vii. 451 ; viii. 32

' Bonnie Jean,' iii. 592

" Clouts," xi. 116, 161, 309, 455

' Gallant Weaver,' v. 117, 261

Horace and Burns, xii. 5

' John Barleycorn,' iv. 274

Lines attributed to him, iii. 171, 254

Motto to his Poems,' v. 314, 391

On the death of Sir James Hunter Blair, v. 593

Original pieces, ix. 317

Parallel passages, ix. 158, 285, 329, 475, 523; xi. 460
xii. 5, 25, 66

Poem, unpublished, ii. 339, 399, 476, 477, 537, 614; iii.
37,117,516; v. 547

Poems, review of them, iv. 252, 326 ; motto to, v. 314,
391 ; edit, of 1821, viii. 165, 234 ; early editions, x.
387,456; xi. 26, 106

" 'Prentice ban'," ix. 91, 170, 229

"Richt gude- willie waucht," vii. 386, 501; viii, 55;
xii. 75

Rival Rhymes in Honour of Burns,' vi. 196, 265

'Roy's Wife of Aldivalloch,' iii. 281, 396 ; xi. 25, 185,
225, 226,263, 349, 489 ; Latin version, ix. 507; x. 38

Skylark allusions, xi. 323, 348

Songs, six unpublished, xii. 470

Stanza, unpublished, iii. 281,396; xi. 226, 263, 349, 489

Sterne (Lawrence) and Burns, xii. 66

' Tarn o^ Shanter,' i. 508, 565, 614; ii. 309; viii. 186

Text of his works, viii. 161

1 To the Potato,' iv. 371, 464

" Welcome to your gory bed," &c., viii. 424

Works, viii. 409

Wycherley (Wm.) and Burn?, ii. 200, 285, 332 ; xii. 25

" Your pin wad help to mend a mill," viii. 336, 424,
533; ix. 79, 144

In the Fifth Series, 3 Jan., 1874, to 27 Dec.,
1879, appear :

Burns (Robert), at Brownhill Inn, i. 235, 359; his
autograph, i. 283; ii. 11, 72, 196; as an excise officer,
iii. 180; and the Doon Bridges, iv. 126, 253; Carlyle on,
T. 8, 372 ; vi. 177 ; at the trial of Mr. Miller's steam-
boat, v. 247, 275, 317; his Edinburgh private journal,
be. ML

NOTES AND QUERIES.

. X. JULY 18, '96.

Burntiana.

' Rye *YA, 150, 191, 309, 350

Glenriddell MSS., iii. 121

Lines ascribed to Bums, ii. 425, 523

" bonnie las?, it grieves me eair," xii. 307

1 Ode on the American War,' i. 242

Parallel passages, ii. 31, 158: xii. 426

Poems, early edition*, iii. 136

Songs, unpublished, i. 29

Sterne ( Laurence) and Burns, i. 164

' The Merry Muses of CaleJonia,' i. 29

" The rank is but the guinea's stamp," i. 164, 274 ;
xii. 426

" The wind blaws cauld o'er Dunnet Head," xii 68

Thomson (George) and Burns, ii. 407

4 To Terraughty on his Birthday,' i. 283 ; ii. 11, 72, 196

" When I think on the happy days," ix. 425 ; x. 58

The Sixth Series, 3 Jan., 1880, to 26 Dec.,
1885, has:

Burns (Robert), " The rank is but the guinea's stamp,"
i. 25, 344; authenticity of 'Verses to my Bed,' 55, 146;
and Dryden, ii. 205 ; his punch-bowl, iii. 107, 314 ; quo-
tation by, iv. 9, 153 ; a contemporary, 47; original MSS.,
86, 135; an undescribed edition, 168, 335; his friend
John Murdoch, 365, 437 ; portrait by Skirving, 425, 475;
early appreciation of him, v. 63, 134, 199, 333; letter,
Tii. 46 ; and violin music, 304 ; republisbed letter, ix. 25,
94; edition dedicated to the Caledonian Hunt, with
memoir, x. 49 ; line in his address ' To a Louse,' 330; his
'Joyful Widower,' x. 409, 502; xi. 74, 174; date of his
birth, xii. 387, 473 ; prose version of ' Tarn o' Shanter/
486.

The Seventh Series, 2 Jan., 1886, to 26 Dec.,
1891, gives :

Burns (Robert), his birth, i. 15, 73 ; Tarn o' Shanter in
a Derbyshire story, iii. 305, 417; Wordsworth on, iii.
427; iv. 97; unpublished letters, iv. 23, 323; relics in
the Burns Museum, Edinburgh, 166 ; first edition of his
'Poems,' vi. 146, 275; article on, by R. L.S.vii. 308,
855 ; Concordance, by J. B. Reid, 419 ; his portrait by
Nasmyth, viii. 247, 416, 421, 481 ; his " Of a' the airts,"
ix. 46, 494 ; portrait by Hardie, 53 ; his ' Address to the
Deil,' 149 ; facsimile of his signature, 405 ; Italian version
of 'My Heart's in the Highland*,' 443; 'The Joyful
Widower ' a plagiarism, ix. 465 ; x. 36, 56 ; ' Down the
Burn, Davie,' xi. 104, 197; as a character in novels, 148;
his sonnets, 228, 352 ; ' John Anderson my Jo,' 293, 485 ;
portrait by Miers, xii. 268, 371 ; other portraits, 280, 373,
437 ; his seals, 427, 515.

Since then, in the Eighth Series, have appeared
the following :

Bums (Robert), his portraits, i. 53, 190, 404; ii. 428;
iii. 29, 95, 151; ix. 304, 376; his seals, i. 77; epigram
and song, missing lines, i. 475 ; ii. 14 ; first edition of his
'Poems,' ii. 163, 199 ? 210; and Coleridge, 164; biblio-
graphy, 174 ; translations, 327 ; pictures founded on his
poems, ii. 428, 451, 472 ; iii. 11, 196 ; on woman as a work
of nature, iv. 486; misquoted as " Mr. Burn," vii. 406;
and Robert Semple, viii. 205, 373, 515 ,* ix. 75 ; his last
descendant, ix, 226, 392.

H. T.

BURNS IN DUMFRIES. About ten years ago I
met in Dumfries a venerable lady who told me
that her mother had vivid recollections of Burns.
As a child she frequently saw him in the evenings
at her father's fireside, and heard him entertaining

the social circle with fluent and merry talk. There
invariably came a stage in the proceedings at
which the matron of the household sent the youth-
ful members of the family " ben the hoose," for
"it wasna' richt," said the narrator, "that they
should hear a* Robbie's nonsense." He might be
a very clever poet, she gravely admitted, " but he
was gey an' weel kent in Dumfries, an' folk had
their ain thochts aboot him." Like Principal
Shairp, my venerable friend was inclined to think
that the exaggerated praise of Burns had gone too
far. THOMAS BAYNB.

Helensburgh, N.B.

BURNS IN FIFESHIRB. A very clever anony-
mous diarist, in the admirable Cornhill for July,
has a fling at the Scottish accent. His Scotch
governess, he avers, asked him one day if he liked
buns, and then explained that she meant " the poet
* Buns.' " He then proceeds thus :

" This, it seems, is the patriotic manner of pronouncing
Burns. Or let me say a patriotic manner. For I recol-
lect being taken to hear a lecture in Edinburgh by a
Scotch friend, who, when it was over, inveighed against
the speaker's accent. ' Why,' said I, 'I thought it was
Scotch 1' ' Scotch,' said he; 'it was Pifeshire, man.'
Miss A. may hail from Fife."

As a Fifer, I strenuously protest against this
insinuation. The governess may, of course, hail
from Fife, but her pronunciation of the national
poet's name certainly does not illustrate Fife
practice. We may drawl a little in our mode of
speaking, but we do not fail to give value to the r,
unless we, unfortunately, wax affected, when there
is no limit to absurdity. A worthy Fife farmer
recently told me that he had known respectable
young tradesmen masons, joiners, and the like
return to his neighbourhood after a few months'
sojourn in England, and then they addressed him
in an unknown tongue. The author of the * Private
Diary ' had better consider this in looking for an
explanation of the woful corruption that has exer-
cised him. THOMAS BATNE.

Helensburgh, N.B.

BURNS AND HIS LOVE OP BOOKS. The diffusion
of knowledge was a favourite object with Burns.
For this he established his reading and debating
clubs in the west, and in the same spirit he desired
to excite a love of literature among the peasants of
Dunscore. He undertook the management of a
small parochial library, and wrote out the rules.
Mr. Riddell, of Friars-Oarse, and other gentlemen,
contributed money and books. The library com-
menced briskly, but soon languished. The poet
could not always be present at the meetings ; the
subscribers lived far apart ; disputes and disunion
crept in, and it died away like a flower which fades
for want of watering. Burns alludes ironically to
the scheme in one of his letters. " Wisdom," he
averred, " might be gained by the mere handling of
books/ His letters to the booksellers on the eub-

8*S. X. JULY 18, '96.3

NOTES AND QUERIES.

ject of this subscription library do him much
honour ; his choice of authors, which business was
actually left to his discretion, being in the highest
degree judicious.

Such institutions are now common, indeed
almost universal, in the rural districts of Southern
Scotland, but it should never be forgotten that
Burns was among the 6rst, if not the very first, to
set the example. ''He was so good," says Mr.
Eiddell, " as to take the whole management of this
concern ; he was treasurer, librarian, and censor,
to our little society, which will long have a grateful
sense of his public spirit and exertions for its
improvement and information " (vide ' The Works
of Robert Burn*,' p. 98, London, Henry G. Bohn,
1860) :

What bird in beauty, flight, or eong,

Can with the bard compare,
Who sang as sweet and aoar'd as strong

AB ever child of air ?
Peace to the dead ! In Scotia's choir

Of minstrels great and small,
He sprang from his spontaneous fire
The Phoenix of them all-!

HENRY GERALD HOPB.
Clapham, S.W.

BURNS AT THE PLOUGH. In the elaboration
of his stately lyric 'Resolution and Independence'
Wordsworth suddenly lights up his theme with
two concrete examples, in lines that now constitute
a popular quotation :

I thought of Chatterton, the marvellous boy,
The sleepless soul that perished in his pride ;
Of him who walked in glory and in joy
Following his plough, along the mountain-aide.

A smart critic, whose name at the moment escapes
the memory, but whose raids into literature are
aaid to be admired, recently waxed merry over this
matter at Wordsworth's expense. Ploughmen, he
learnedly observed, do not pursue their avocations
on the slopes of mountains. Undoubtedly that
may be so, and yet Wordsworth's position may be
defensible. Burns was ploughing when he paused
before a wild flower, and apostrophized it in an
immortal ode, which he entitles ' To a Mountain
Daisy.' He must have had a reason for employing
the epithet, and his most intelligent readers will
understand him. Meanwhile, cheap merriment
over Wordsworth, while intrinsically futile, may
mislead the unwary, and it should, therefore, be
unsparingly proclaimed. THOMAS BAYNE.

Helenaburgb, N.B.

LlNKUMDODDIE.

Willie Wastle dwalt on Tweed,
The spot they ca'd it Linkumdoddie.

In an article in one of the Scotch newspapers
giving an account of the water-works now in course
of construction near Tweedmuir there was a sketch
of a gate and two trees, a little below where the
Polmood Burn joins the Tweedj; this was said to be

the site of Willie Wastle's cottage. I should like
to know on what authority this statement rests.

H. FISHWICK.

ROBBIE BURNS'S LASS. A genial and witty
Glasgow bailie, who passed away some years ago,
made a reputation for himself on the bench as a
distinctly original, patient, and laborious police-
judge. The sphere of his jurisdiction included the
district in which his great predecessor, Bailie Jarvie,
was wont to disport himself with so much self-
consciousness and winning unction, and therefore
he had some strange cases to consider. One Mon-
day morning a disorderly of the previous Saturday
night was called, under the name of Jean Armour,
to stand forth and be charged. The panel's name
touched the magistrate's imagination at once, and
gave him pause. He could not think, he said, to
sentence one with the name of Robbie Burns'd
lass, and therefore he would dismiss the accused
with a caution. On retiring the astonished culprit
vehemently thanked the judge, and exclaimed,
with gay surprise, " My certy, Robbie Burns has
done me a gude turn this time."

THOMAS BAYNE.

Helensburgb, N.B.

INTERESTING BURNS RELIC. The following
appeared in the Scotsman of 9 July :

" Dr. Alston, of Airdrie, bas forwarded to the Burns
Exhibition at Glasgow a book in the possession of Mrs.
Kidd, Drumgarland, which belonged to the poet Burns.
The book is a volume of Cicero's ' Select Orations,' *nd
bears tbe following inscription in the poet's own hand-
writing on the flyleaf : 'Edinburgh, 23d April 1787. This
book, a present from the truly worthy and learned Dr.
Gregory, I shall preserve to my latest hour as a mark of
tbe gratitude, esteem, and veneration I bear to the donor.
So help me God! ROBERT BURNS.' The Dr. John
Gregory referred to was professor of tbe practice of
medicine in the University of Edinburgh from 1766 to
1792."

THOMAS BAYNE.

Helenaburgh, N.B.

BURNS : " A DAIMBN - ICKER. " In Burns's
' Address to a Mouse ' occur the words,
A daimen-icker in a thrave
'S a sma' request.

On which Mr. Jacks, in his recent work on ' Robert
Burns in other Tongues,' remarks, p. 407 : " As is
known, 'a daimen-icker' is the smaller of two
grains in a husk of oats, the larger one being the
daimen." For this he gives no authority, and
there seems no sufficient distinction in the names of
the smaller and the larger grain. Icker, of course,
= ear. But it is probable that any one really
familiar with the local dialect of Ayrshire rustics
might give us the correct interpretation. Dr.
Murray and Jamieson and all the glossarists
interpret "a casual ear," "an ear now and then."
Dr. Murray has only one (subsequent) analogue,
from Gait, I think, from recollection, otherwise it

NOTES AND QUERIES. [8 s. x. JULY is, '96.

is a a7ra A.yofii/oi>, and the current explanation
hardly convincing. J. M. COLLIER.

PHILIP MASSINGEB AND ST. SAVIOUR'S, SOQTH-
WARK. The following, from the Daily News,
13 July, deserves a niche in * N. & Q.':

"On Saturday afternoon there was an interesting
ceremony ia the new nave of St. Saviour's Church,
Southwark, the unveiling by Sir Walter Besant of a
memorial to Philip Maesinger, the dramatist. Laurel
leaves were laid upon the spot in the choir where tradi-
tion has it that Massinger was buried, in the grave of
John Fletcher, his friend. The pavement in that spot
now bears their names, and the name of Edmond
Shakespeare, but no stone was placed over the grave of
'Philip Massinger, stranger,' at the time when the
place could have been marked with certainty. The
windows in the nave are, in time, to become memorials
of literary worthies more or less intimately connected
with the parish. The principal window will be devoted
to William and Edmond Shakespeare, and the others
will he in memory of Fletcher, Beaumont, Alleyn, Dr.
Johnson (Thrale's brewery was in the parish), Cruden
(buried in the parish), Dr. Sacheverell (a chaplain of St.
Saviour's), Bunyan (who preached at a place of worship
in Loar Street), Baxter (who officiated in a place of
worship on the site of Shakespeare's Globe Theatre),
and Chaucer (whose Canterbury pilgrims started from the
Tabard hostelry, not far away). The tomb of the poet
Gower has been removed to this part of the church. The
rector, the Rev. Dr. Thompson, presided over the gather-
ing of ladies and gentlemen in the restored nave, and
amongst those present were the Bishop of Southwark,
Prof. J. W. Hales, Prof. Sylvester, Canon Benham, the
Kev. C. Pierrepont Edwards, MM. Strachey, Mrs. Chas.
Gould and family (New York), Mr. Moncure Conway,
Mr. S. W. Kershaw, Mr. W. H. Wilcox, Mr. Henry
Wood, Mr. Rogers, and Mr. H. Langston. The first
proceeding was the unveiling of the memorial by Sir
Walter Besant. The window designed and executed
by Mr. C. E. Kempe was much admired. At the top is
a portrait of Massinger, the centre ia occupied by a beauti-
ful representation of an incident in the ' Virgin Martyr,'
and at the bottom are the words: 'In memory of Philip
Massinger, dramatist, buried as a stranger in this church.
Those who admire his genius and sympathise with his
struggles in life and loneliness in death, dedicate this
window, A.D. MDCCCXCVI.' The rector then read a
dedicatory prayer, and called upon Sir Walter Besant to
address the company. Sir Walter Besant, who is chair-
man of the Memorial Committee, delivered an address on
the life and works of Massinger, whom he termed one of
the most considerable of the glorious constellation of the
Elizabethan poets. It was, he said, an extraordinary
thing that, with all the research that had been bestowed
upon that period, very little was known concerning
Massinger. It was certain that he was born in Salis-
bury in 1583, and that he left Oxford without a degree,
for reasons not known. He came to London to try his
fortune as a poet, to take up the literary life under the
conditions of the time. There was nothing but the
theatre by which he could live, and necessity drove him
to write plays. It was a hard and poverty-striken life.
The only document extant signed by him was a letter
from a debtors 1 prison, addressed to Henalowe, the
theatrical manager, asking for 51. for himself and two
others, ' without which we cannot be bayled.' He died
in 1639, and in the register of that church he was called
'a stranger,' one who did not belong to the parish.
These were all the facts we knew, except that his
funeral cost 21. (equal to about 121. now), which, in a

ime of great funeral pomp and magnificence, was proof
positive that he was a poor man. Sir Walter drew the
lame conclusions from Massinger's dedications to his-
>atrons, all of which harped upon his poverty and
dependence. With regard to the personal character of
;he poet, he held it was a dangerous thing to look for H
n the plays themselves, the words used by the characters-
>eing spoken by the characters, and not by the author
'or himself. What, he asked, could one learn of the
)ersonal character of Browning from ' The Ring and the
Book ' ? Sir Walter also drew from various oonsidera-
ions the conclusion that Massinger was not a Roman
Catholic, as some had supposed. In the concluding part
of his address he gave a vivid sketch of Bankside, its
>oetical dwellers, and its amusements, in Massinger's
;ime. Prof. Hales moved a vote of thanks to Sir Walter
Besant for his address. This was seconded by Mr.
Rogers, who spoke of the service done for Londoners by
Sir Walter, in making them feel an interest in the city
in which they lived. The benediction by the Bishop of
Southwark concluded the proceedings."

H. T.

THOMAS FULLER. On p. 716 of the late John
Eglington Bailey's ' Life of Fuller ' (1875) occurs
the following passage :

'Mr. Davies' Copy (edition 1663?) contains an
attempt at a verse in a seventeenth-century hand-
writing :

Great Fuller 1 fuller than thy name,
but the second line only contains the words, ' thy fame/
one line for rhyme the other for reason."

In my copy of Fuller's ' Historie of the Holy
War re,' the first edition of 1639, there are written in
seventeenth century handwriting on the fly-leaves
no fewer than three poetical eulogies of the witty
divine. The third of these, herewith sent for in-
sertion in * N. & Q ,' gives the whole poem, of
which Mr. Bailey had but a fragment to offer. I
sent him transcripts of the three pieces in modern
handwriting and in facsimile, which he told me he
intended both to mount for placing amongst his
Fuller relics and also to have printed. The latter
intention the illness that ended in death prevented
him from carrying into effect. Thinking that the
poems might be valued by others as they were by
Mr. Bailey, I forward them for preservation in
your columns. I should add that the three pieces
are all in different handwriting, bub the third older
than the former two.

On the first fly-leaf at beginning of the volume :

Ye mornefull musis light yo r tortches all,

Attend one wearied to his funiralle.

Can one y l louith dye & you stand still,

And not appeare vpon Parnassus Hill ?

Goe, goe invoack Apollow's aid, tell him,

That one you louied is dead & you dossier.

To sacrifice a vearce & then retier.

On the end fly-leaf and on the last cover are the
two following :

On y' A ulhor.

Sith thy ffenthry-Arrowes flight
baulkt y e But but hitt y e white ;
Turne & take thy Arrowy-ffeather
(wreath & weapon) which, together
plume thy temples & entwine
victory & Triumph Thine.

. JULY 18, '96. J

NOTES AND QUERIES.

On the Author, M f Fuller.
Fuller ! thy Learning 's fuller then thy Name,
And yett That mounted on y e wings off ffame
fflyes euerywhere, This Nimble Mercury
Holds forth his Trumpett, makes thy name to fly.
Peter the Hermitea Trumpet sounded farre
To y e worlds end, and cald to th' holy vrarre,
Even Britaynes sundred toto Orbe heare
When Peter his sounding Alarm vpreare,
But (Fuller) thou art further heard by farr
ffor only this, 'cause thine owne Trumpeter.
Peters successor w th hia winde was there
like Mahomets Pigeon breathinge in his eare
Else Peters lungs had neuer been so stout
To Carry 's summons all y' world about 1
Fuller ! the winde and breath that swells thy fame
Far from a better place then Rome ! it came I
Itt 's a deuiner Gale that actuates Thee
And makes thy fuller topsayles driuen bee.
Th' art gon as far as Jury ; ffor thy Booke
By reason of its purenesse, clearnesse, looka
As if t' had been in Jordan, and from thence
Returnd seauen times dipt in pure Eloquence.
Off Thee I 'le say thus much ! not to say more, )
Thy Fullers scpe purge Barbarisme'a Oare >

More clean then Jordan Leprous Na'amans sore. J
And they that veiw thy worke hetafter, shall
Thee a Kefininge Whitinge Fuller call.
But stay ! what 's that I heare 1 there '8 some do Bay
This Fullers sope is turnd polluted clay.
These Times haue giuen him, or He them a spott,
('Tis strange so fayre and good a Pen should blott),
Its seems that Now Poor Hee is att a losse,
And Pilgrim-like himselfe now beares y* crosse.
And are the streames of Jordan Now w th mud
So sullied ? Or He bad, that Once was good?
What ay leth Thee Fuller, How ia 't ? Alack !
Jordan w< aylst Thee ? why art driuen back ?

JOHN TINKLER, M.A.
Gaunton, Notts.

"TROUBLE" USED INTRANSITIVELY. (See 8 th
8. ix. 512.) This new subject is started under the
heading ' Ream and Eimmer.' We seem to be too
frequently discussing some new question under a
title with which it has nothing to do.

We are there told that the phrase " we need not
trouble about " is a modern solecism. I was not
aware that it is a solecism, nor that it is modern.
Let us see.

The * Century Dictionary' says: "To take
trouble or pains ; trouble oneself ; worry ; as, do
not trouble about the matter.' 1 It also gives a
quotation from Venn's * Symbolic Logic,' p. 281,
note : " We have not troubled to shade the outside
of this diagram."

The expression is somewhat too brief, as I at
once admit. It is better to insert myself or our-
tclvei, for the sake of distinctness. But surely the
phrase is common, and widely understood. I can-
not trouble myself to hunt up quotations just now.
May not a weary man sometimes hope for rest ?

I doubt if it can fairly be called a neologism, for
it is remarkable that Littro calls it antiquated.
His twelfth sense of F. troubler is : " V. n. exciter
des troubles, se soulever (emploi qui a vieilli)";
and he gives a quotation from Corneille.

One rather common old sense is either "to
render turbid," or " to become turbid"; and it was
usually employed with respect to water. This
doubtless arose from the use of the M.E. adjective
trouble in the sense of "turbid," which easily
gave rise to an intransitive use of the verb as well
as a transitive one. Thus, in Sir J. Mandeville's
4 Travels,' p. 156, we find : " In Ethiope alle the
ryveres and alle the waters ben trouble." Whence
we deduce, in the intransitive sense, such a phrase
as that which also occurs in Mandeville, p. 52:
" The watre shal nevere trouble"

This explains why at least two MSS. of ' Piers
Plowman ' (0. vii. 408) use the word trobled in-
transitively in the sense of "stumbled." We
there read : " He trobled at the threshfold, and
threw to the erthe." We shall be told next that
this use of threw is a " neologism."

I think that, on the whole, it is for MR. WARREN
to write his recantation ; but I would rather use
much humbler language. I do not set myself up
for a moment as a master of style, and I should
advise no one to imitate any expression that I may
use. I am merely a humble collector of facts,
always endeavouring to find out authorities and
quotations for the instruction of others. But I do
not advise any one to ignore my authorities.

WALTER W. SKBAT.

JOHN BUNYAN AS A SOLDIER. The annexed
copy of a letter appearing in the Presbyterian of
21 May will doubtless be deemed of sufficient
interest to warrant its inclusion in the pages of
'N. &Q.':

Any fresh well authenticated fact about "the im-
mortal dreamer " of Bedford is welcome. Dr. John
Brown, the latest nnd ablest biographer of Banyan, writes :
" The side on which Bunyan was arrayed in the great
civil conflict of the seventeenth century, Parliamentarian
or Royalist, has long been matter of dispute." Macaulay
puts him with the former side, Froude with the latter.
Canon Venables, in his article on Bunyan in the Dic-
tionary of National Biography,' writes on this point :
"As there is not a tittle of evidence either way, the
question can never be absolutely settled." But it can be,
and is. and Runyan is now proved to have served on the
Parliamentary side. Dr. Brown, with the keen instinct
of one peculiarly vereed in the records and literature of
his subject, makes some happy conjectures respecting
Bunyan's military service. Some of these can now be
verified, and additional light thrown on the eventa of the
time.

Certain muster rolls of the Commonwealth have
recently turned up in this office, and, in going to them
for fresh information on the point in question, I had
the good fortune to alight on a jviper volume, of some
three hundred leives (roughly speaking), containing the
musters of the Newport Pagnei garrison in 1644 and
1645. The Governor of the garrison was Sir Samuel
Luke, of Cuple Wood End, that cheerful and doughty
Presbyterian soldier, so meanly caricatured in Butler's
'Sir Hudibras.' All the musters in the volume are
certified by Henry Whitbread, the Muster-master. We
have, first of all, the roll of Sir Samuel's regiment, but
Bunyan is not to be found there. Next comes the roll
of Colonel Richard Cockayne's company, mustered on

NOTES AND QUERIES. [8*s.x.joLYi8,'9*.

November 30th, 1644, and amongst the privates, or
"centinells," as they are called, is the name of ''John
Bunion." The name is also spelt " Bunnion." Now, it
must be remembered that Bunyan was born on No-
vember 30th, 1628, and was not eligible for service in the
army until the age of sixteen. The musters of the several
companies continue weekly after that, with two or three
exceptions, until May 27tb, 1645. On Maich 22nd, 1645,
Bunyan's name drops out of Colonel Cockayne s com-
pany, and is found on that date in the company of Major
Boulton. There it remains until May 27tb, four days

benides officers." Its lowest is 88 men on March 1st,
1645. The muster of Major Boulton's company on
May 27th, 1645, gives " 45 centinells besides officers.
The figures are important, because the war was virtually
over after the battle of Naseby on June 14th, and Bunyan
probably left the army in that month.

Sometimes parties from the companies were told off
for special service elsewhere than at Newport Pagnel.
The volume I am treating of gives examples of thi?. On
January 18th, 1645, a party of seventeen men and two
officers from Colonel Cockayne's company was com-
manded out by the committee of both kingdoms; but
Banyan's name does not appear in the list. Nor in the
case of a similar party out of Major Boulton's company,
on May 6th, 1645, do we find his name. There is nothing
to prove that Bunyan was at the siege of Leicester,
though he may have been. Certainly, however, he was
not under Major Ennis, for that officer commanded a
troop of horse, and the roll is given in these musters.
There was a Thomas Bunion, a drummer, in Captain
Collingwood's company (Colonel Martin's regiment) from
March to September, 1645. ERNEST G. ATKINSON.

Public Kecord Office, Chancery Lane.

DANIEL HIPWELL.

" IT '8 A VERY GOOD WORLD THAT WE LIVE IN,"
&c. (See ! S. ii. 71, 102, 156 ; 3 rd S. i. 398 ;
v. 114 ; 4" S. i. 400 ; xii. 8 ; 6*" S. i. 77, 127,
166, 227, 267 ; ii. 19, 79.) Fussell, in his ' Journey
round the Coast of Kent,' 1818, p. 33, under
" Swanscombe," states :

" On the brow of a hill which commands a fine view,
is a respectable mansion belonging to an eccentric old
gentleman, who amuses himself in the cultivation of a
large garden contiguous, and has placed the following
whimsical inscription near the road :

Hortus Edensia The Garden of Eden.

Ne nugare, Trifle not,

Tuura tempo breve eat. Your time is short.

Non tange prohibitum f rue- Touch not the forbidden

turn fruit

Ne moriarie. Lett you die.

Habe tuam fiduciam in DcO, Put your trust in God,
Et vives in seternum. And you will live for ever.
This is the best world we live in,
To spend, to lend, or to give in :
But to borrow, or beg, or get a man's own,
It is the worst world that ever was known.
Lac mibi non restate novum, non frigore desit.

N.B. I keep a cow.

In Eden's garden plants like these were plac'd,
And sacred vengeance came on those who once defac'd
The forbidden tree, and pluck'd the golden fruit.
Now, traveller, mark ! that vengeance is not mine ;
Awful justice comes, though slow, yet sure in time :

Therefore beware, nor tempt his vengeful arm
Lest men-traps catch, or spring guns give th' alarm,
Lest nightly watchmen seize the guileful band
And Britain's laws transport thee from the land !
" This strange mixture of eacred and profane scarcely
deserves a critique ; and perhaps the reader will add ' or
the trouble of copying.' Writers usually entertain a good
opinion of their own works, whatsoever the world or the
critics may think of them ; and the ingenious author of
this extraordinary production flatters himself that his
verses have preserved 1m fruit, as well as established his
reputation as a poet. He relates an anecdote of a sailor
who appeared to have taken great pains to spell the in*
scription, and then with an oath exclaimed, 'I have
been so long in reading your d d nonsense, old gentle-
man, that I have not time to rob your orchard.' "

The mansion referred to was (as stated in my reply
some sixteen years since) known as the "Little
Hermitage," then the residence of Mr. William
Day, brother to the banker of Rochester. It was
situated near Gad's Hill, and not at Swanscombe
as stated by Fussell, whose error in such respect
is thus noted by Pocock, the Gravesend historian,
in his ' Diary,' under Sunday, 24 Nov., 1822 :

"Read Mr. Fuzzell's tour through Kent, and found
errors, having placed some verses which stood at the
Hermitage near Gad's Hill to Swanscombe. Yet it
contained some good criticisms and judicious remarks ;
but it appeared written prior to the tour, or perhaps no
tour at all."

Fussell was also wrong as to the authorship of
the epigram in question, which was not, as he
imagined, the production of Mr. Day, but of much
earlier date, and apparently by one J. Bromfield,
an unknown poet, whose original and somewhat
different version, with his name appended, is
given under 'The Gatherer* in the Mirror of
12 Sept., 1840, as follows :

Epigram.

'Tis a very good world we live in,
To spend, and to lend, and to give in ;
But to beg, or to borrow, or ask for our own,
'Tis the very worst world that ever was known.
J. BROMFIELD.

I may add that the "eccentric old gentleman n
was an intimate friend of our family, who then
resided, and still possess extensive estates, in the
neighbourhood of his residence. W. I. R. V.

M.P.s IN 'DICTIONARY OP NATIONAL BIO-
GRAPHY.' The following small additions and
corrections may be made to the accounts given of
the undermentioned in vol. xlvi.

Sir John Pollard, Speaker (died 1557), sat for
Chippenham in 1555, not for Wiltshire.

Sir Lewis Pollard (died 1540) was M.P. for
Totness in 1491-2.

Sir John Pollard (died 1575) sat for Plymptoa
1553, Barnstaple 1554, Exeter 1555, Grampound
1559 and 1563-7.

John Pollexfen (flourished 1697) was M.P. for
Plympton 1679, 1681, 1689, and 1690-5. He
was still living in 1702, and seems to have been
the brother to Chief Justice Sir Henry Pollexfeo.

8 th S. X.JULY 18, '96.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

Edward Pophaui, who sat for Bridgwater from
1621 to 162G, was of Huntworth, co. Somerset, and
the representative of the elder line of the Popham
family. His will waa proved 6 March, 1640/i.
He and his brother Alexander would, in all pro-
bability, be the two Pophams outlawed for debt in
1627.

Col. Alexander Popham (died 1669), son of Sir
Francis, did not sit quite continuously as member
for Bath from 1640. His parliamentary honours
were as follows : Elected for Bath and Minehead
in the Short Parliament of 1640, he preferred
Bath, which also he represented throughout the
Long Parliament 1640-53. In 1654 he was re-
turned by both Bath and co. Wilts, but again
preferred his old constituency. To the Parliament
of 1656-8 he was elected by cos. Wilts and
Somerset, and seems to have sat for Somerset. In
1659 he was member for Minehead. But to the
first two Parliaments of the Restoration, 1660 and
1661, he was again returned by his first consti-
tuency, which he then represented until his decease.

Sir John Popham, the Chief Justice, was, I
think, the member for Lyme Regis in 1558.

Sir Charles Porter, Irish Lord Chancellor (died
1696), was M.P. for Tregony 1685-7, and New
Windsor 1690-5.

Sir Nicholas Poyntz (died 1557) was M.P. for
co. Gloucester 1547-52, and for Cricklade in 1555.

Sir John Price (died 1573) sat for co. Brecknock
1547-52, Hereford in 1553, and Ludiow in 1554.

Sir Edmond Prideaux, the Cromwellian At-
torney-General, sat in both Parliaments of 1640
for Lyme Regis, and continuously afterwards until
his death.

Sir Carbery Pryse was M.P. for co. Cardigan
from 1690 until his death in November, 1694.

W. D. PINK.

Leigb, Lancashire.

A "PoNY OF BEEF." The Essex Times of
27 May reports a case lately beard at the Blooms-
bury County Court, in which a butcher sued
another for thirty shillings, the value of a pony of
beef. The judge had evidently never heard of
such an expression, and accordingly endeavoured
to obtain an explanation, and after several ques-
tions he elicited from the plaintiff that a pony of
beef was six ribs and the shoulder.

Teos. BIRD.

Romford.

JOHN BROUOH TAYLOR, F.S.A. Of this worthy
surgeon and antiquary there is some account in
Longstaffe's 'History of Darlington,' p. xlviii,
note, and in Nichols's ' Herald and Genealogist,'
ii. 515, 516. He died on 1 Oct., 1825, in Villers
Street, Bishopwearmouth, aged thirty-eight, a
victim to typhus fever, then epidemic in the town,
and was buried on the 5th in Monkwearmouth
Churchyard. His father was a brewer and ship-

owner of Sunderland. His wife was Mary Eliza-
beth, daughter of Jonathan Midgley, of Newcastle-
upon-Tyne. She lived after her husband's death
at Cleadon, but died in St. Thomas's Street, New-
castle, on 30 Aug., 1855, aged sixty-five. Their
son, John Taylor, became an eminent water en-
gineer. Besides editing Hegge's * Legend of St.
Cuthbert,' 4to., Sunderland, 1816, and the ' Dur-
ham Visitation 1 of 1615, Taylor rendered Surtees
some assistance in the compilation of the ' History
of Durham ' (cf. Introduction to vol. i. p. 10), and
would seem, from what is said in Gent. Mag. for
November, 1856 (p. 612), to have left some valu-
able manuscripts. GORDON GOODWIN.

FOLK-LORE OF HAIR. In my childhood I used
to be told in Yorkshire that if you swallowed a
long hair it would twine about your heart and
kill you. This belief was brought back to my
mind the other day by reading the following
passage in Middleton's ' Tragi-Ooomodie, Called
the Witch,' IV. i., sub init. :

11 If I trust her, aa she 's a woman, let one of her long
hairs wind about my heart, and be the end of me ; which
were a piteous lamentable tragedy, and might be entituled
A fair warning for all hair-bracelets."

Probably a similar belief prevails in other counties.
F. C. BIRKBECK TERRY.

STEEL PENS. (See ' Gilt-edged Writing-paper,'
8 th S. ix. 414.) I have the following notes, which
may possibly be of service.

1829, a steel pen was enclosed in a letter as a
great curiosity (J. L. Cherry, ' Life of John Clare,'
p. 65).

Engraving of a bronze mediaeval pen (' Archseo-
logia Cantiana,' vii. 341).

Pen of bone (Archceologia, xxxvi. 290).

ASTARTE.

In Tuer's ' History of the Hornbook ' (vol. ii.
p. 99), I find :

" The pen is by no means BO late an invention as ia
often supposed. One of the earliest must have been that
used by the Ostrogoth Theodoric, who, by means of a
stencil-plate, on which were cut the first four letters of
his name, ingeniously followed the openings with a pen,
and was thus enabled to write bis signature."

And further :

"According to the Nineteenth Century of May, 1891,
a metal pen, slit, and shaped like a quill pen, was recently
found in the so-called tomb of Aristotle at Eretria."

J. H. D.

COLERIDGE AND LORD LYTTON. The dictum of
Coleridge regarding Milton to wit, that "the
egotism of such a man is a revelation of spirit"
probably suggested a remark of Lord Lytton'a on
Hazlitt. In his essay on ' Charles Lamb and some
of his Companions 1 ('Quarterly Essays,' p. 100,
Knebworth edition), Lord Lytton says :

1 Still more than as a critic Hazlitt excels as a writer
of the Essay of Sentiment ; when, in the spirit of hia

NOTES AND QUERIES.

favourite Montaigne, he abandons himself fairly to self-
commune and self-confession For in essays of this

kind the self-obtrusion to which we give the name of
egotism is not a fault ; it is the essential quality, infusing
into desultory reveries the distinct vitality of individu-
alized being."

Students of style could hardly have better examples
of brevity and expansion than Coleridge's apoph-
thegm and Lord Lytton's diffuse and laboured
Btatement. THOMAS BAYNE.

Helexuburgh, N.B.

THE BLAIRS PORTRAIT OF MART, QUEEN OP
SCOTS. About sixty years ago, a gentleman, writing
of a tour he had made in Russia, included the
following remarks concerning certain relics of
Mary, Queen of Scots, which he had been privi-
leged to see ; and what he has recorded of the
portrait of Mary Stuart, known as the Blairs
portrait, is important as giving a somewhat reliable
and likely account of its origin. He says that
"the Imperial Library at St. Petersburg received a
great acquisition of French works and manuscripts
which had been collected by Dubrovsky, who was in the
suite of the Russian Ambassador at Paris at the period
of the Revolution, when he was enabled to obtain them
for almost anything. Among them was a manuscript
volume of letters from Mary, Queen of Scots, to Queen
Elizabeth. Her missal, which was also shown there, was
bound in dark blue velvet secured by clasps ; it consisted
of 230 pages. The first thirteen had the months and
days of the year where particular prayers were intro-
duced, beginning with the 80th Psalm in January. The
book was illuminated with subjects from the Life of
Christ and the Virgin Mary. The first was a picture
of the Angel Gabriel, and at the bottom of the page
were the words and figures : ' Marie Reyne, 1, 259.' "

In all probability, this book and the letters were
part of the numerous writings that belonged to
the Scotch College at Douai, which was founded by
Mary, Queen of Scots.

On the return to the seminary of the Rev. Mr.
Farquharson, the head of the college, after banish-
ment during the Revolution, Mr. Wilson (the
Russian tourist) relates that the reverend gentle-
man showed him over the college and assured him
that he had had in his possession not only Mary's
original prayer book, but a table clock belonging
to her, the first ever made, besides the MS. poems of
Ossian and many other interesting papers that he
had not seen since the Revolution. To continue
in Mr. Wilson's own words :

" A full-length portrait of her, which had been con-
cealed in a chimney during the disastrous period and
which was copied from a miniature given by the queen
to Mies Curie, one of her maids of honour, at the time
she was on the scaffold, was all that remained, every,
thing else being carried off by the mob or committed
to the flames.

" The picture was set up in the dining-room of the
college at Douai, and it was a singular circumstance
that in the title deeds it was directed that to whatever
place the seminary was removed the picture was to go
with it. It was then taken to the Scotch College at
Paris, where it was to remain until it was seen if the
College at Douai were to be restored."

It is now located at Blairs, near Aberdeen.
Originally it came into the possession of the Col-
lege at Douai by bequest from Elizabeth Curie,
and, from the statement, coming evidently from
herself, that it was copied from a miniature given
to her by the mistress whose last kiss she had
received prior to execution, it seems most probable
that the large picture was painted under her in-
structions as eye-witness, for in the background
there is a vignette of the execution in miniature
that tallies with the account of another eye-witness,
R. Winkfield, in his letter to Lord Burleigh. It
was bequeathed as " Grand portrait de sa Majeste
vetue comme elle etait h, sa martyre."

It was saved from the fury of the Jacobins by
being hastily cut out of the frame, wound round a
wooden roller, packed in a secure outer envelope,
and secreted in one of the nooks in the wide
chimney of the refectory, where, as the brethren
judged, there would be cold cheer for awhile. There
it remained from 1794 to 1815 nineteen years
and was found uninjured.

The order of English Dominican monks at Born-
heim, in Flanders, founded by Cardinal Philip
Howard, had a curious picture of Mary, Queen of
Scots, ascending the scaffold. HILDA GAMLIN.

Camden Lawn, Birkenhead.

"CLEM"=TO SUFFER FROM COLD. Somewhere
in ' N. & Q.' north-country folk have been stamped
as being peculiar, because they not only account a
man "starved" when he is slain by hunger, but
likewise when he is stricken with cold. If Mr.
0. G. Harper, author of 'The Marches of Wales/
may be trusted, he heard the word clemmed used
with a similar extension of meaning in a Shrop-
shire village. Nodal and Milner's ' Lancashire
Glossary ' has " Clem, Clam, to starve from want
of food":

"'Ah,' said the farmer, 'you look at our large fire-
place. 'Tis warm here in summer, but nation cowd in
winter time, an' we'd be 'alf clemmed if we didn't
always have a good large log on it then.' "P. 324.

Kleumen in Dutch, as Nodal and Milner note,
signifies to be benumbed with cold.

ST. SWITHIN.

ST. CORNE*LY, AT CARNAC, IN BRITTANY St.

Comely is the patron saint of the parish, and no
one visiting Carnac and its mysterious alignments
can fail to become acquainted with him. St.
Cornely's fountain a large, built well, supplying
the village with an abundance of excellent water
has a figure of the saint above it, enclosed in an
iron grating. Outside the church there is another
figure of the saint above the entrance. He stands be-
tween two cows, one black and white, and the other
red and white, the entire group being composed of
painted stucco. St. Comely is regarded as the
protector of cattle. Behind one of the cows one
sees a representation of menhirs, probably in allusion

8 th 8. X. JULY 18, '96.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

to the legend that the celebrated stones of Carna
were Roman soldiers who pursued the saint, anc
were in consequence petrified by his miraculou
power. The stones are still called in the distric
" les pierres de Saint Comply." This Comply i
the St. Cornelius of ecclesiastical annals, usuallj
described as Pope and Martyr, who was mad<
Bishop of Rome about the middle of the third cen
tury, and was soon after banished for his adherence
to the Christian faith. In the ' Lives of the Saints
(second edition, London, 1750) we are told :

" All the ancient Martyrologies place our saint's name
on the 14th of September, supposed to be the day of hi
death; but, for the more solemn celebration of hi
memory, it has been removed to the 16th of the same
month. The venerable remains of the holy Pope were
brought to Rome and buried in Callistus's ground
where they lay till Adrian I., in the eighth century
placed them in a church he had built in honour of the
saint."

St. Cornelius was a friend of St. Cyprian o
Carthage, who is also commemorated on 16 Sept.

J. M. MACKINL'AY, F.S.A.Scot.
Glasgow.

We must request correspondent* desiring information
on family matters of only private interest to affix their
name* and addressei to their queries, in order that the
niwers may be addressed to them direct.

DRAWN BATTLE OR MATCH. If any readers of
*N. & Q.' happen to know the origin of this
expression, and can tell how or where the " draw-
ing " comes in, or the sense of draw which is used,
I shall be glad if he will communicate with me.
We have plenty of instances of the phrase from the
early part of the seventeenth century, but none
which throws any light on the drawing, except,
perhaps, this, of Selden : "The issue is like that of
a drawn battle, wherein he that continueth last in
the field is glad to be gone away." Could it be a
battle or combat which was withdrawn from final
decision, so that each side was glad to retire from
the field as soon as he could ? I find nothing like
it under withdraw. J. A. H. MURRAY

Oxford.

A SCOTTISH "LEGEND." In Jamieson's 'Scot-
tish Dictionary ' (s.v. " Bauchle, to shamble "), the
quotation is found " a bair clock, and a bachlane
naig," the reference being "Legend Bp. St.
Androis, 'Poems,' sixteenth century, p. 327." I
should be much obliged for a fuller reference to
the book cited; the date, editor, or any particular
by which I could identify the book ; or for refer-
ence to any collection in which the above-named
Legend ' may be found. A. L. MAYHEW.

BERRIMAN OR BERRYMAN FAMILY. A query
respecting this family has long remained un-
answered. The announcement of the recent

decease, at Upper Court, Woldington, Surrey, of
Major John Berryman, V.C., one of the heroes of
Balaclava, induces me to repeat my inquiry in
some measure, by asking what is known of the
pedigree and arms of this Crimean veteran's family.
The Berrimans in whom I am interested were
Gloucestershire folk, their arms being Argent, on
a bend sable, cottised gules, three boars' heads
couped of the field. LAC.

GRAY OR GREY? Perhaps among the several
common English words of which the spelling is
unsettled there is no case the orthography of
which is so uncertain as is this grey, or gray. Ac-
cepting the old principle that where the spelling
or pronunciation of a word is in question the
practice of the majority of educated people should
decide, I have asked many persons how they
spell grey (?), and have also in scores of instances
noted its spelling in print, but cannot determine
which of the two forms is the more customary. As
a proper name, Gray is certainly by far the com-
moner spelling. In the Directory for this neigh-
bourhood I find twenty-nine Gray* and not one
Grey. But our old titled families prefer the e
witness the Northumberland and the Wilton Greys,
and the " twelfth-day queen," daughter of Henry
Grey, Duke of Norfolk. Of English literary and
scientific celebrities who wrote their name Gray
we have, besides the author of the ' Elegy,' Asa
Gray, the botanist ; George Robert Gray, the
British Museum ornithologist, and his brother,
George Edward, who long was at the head of the
Natural History Department of the British Museum.
Among Greys of our own day are Sir George Grey,
the explorer and colonial administrator, and in
he seventeenth century there were Dr. Richard
Grey (whose memoria technica was an instrument
of torture in common use in my boyhood) and
Zachary Grey (like the chronologist, a theologian),
well known for his excellent edition of ' Hudibras.'
3y-the-by, the grey of greyhound is not akin to
he name of the colour ; and it may not be quite
afe to assume that the English surname is always
a colour name. The Anglo-Saxon form of gray is
rag, and the Middle English gray and grey.

HENRY ATTWELL.
Barnes.

ASTROLOGICAL SIGNATURES. In O'Flaherty's

West Connaught,' published by the Irish

Archaeological Society in 1846, occurs a facsimile

f the author's signature to a letter dated

7 January, 1681/2. Underneath his name

O'Flaherty writes "Jly," and then makes the

stronomical sign for Mars, almost attaching it to

he end of the tail of the y in his name. From

his I infer that his horoscope was cast at the time

f his birth (July ?), and that Mars was his natal

tar. I should like to be referred to other

nstances of what may perhaps be called astro-

NOTES AND QUERIES.

S.X. JULY 18, '06.

logical signatures. The editor gives Calway as
the place of the letter's date; bat to me it seems to
be "ny Galway"; this is, written at his place
called "Parke," which was about seven miles
west of the town, and so nigh to it. See p. 427,
and " Parke" on its map. P. S. P. CONNER.
Philadelphia.

SOCIETY TO EXPLORE NORMAN CHARTERS.
Some time ago a notice appeared that it was in
contemplation to form a society to explore Norman
charters, and endeavour to obtain more informa-
tion than we possess of Norman genealogies as
they connect with our own. Could any of your
readers oblige with information ? OIL.

1 GULLIVER'S TRAVELS/ Is it anywhere noted
in early criticism of this masterpiece that Swift
chose his title as a punning one, in close touch
with the old-fashioned words gull, gullible, and
gnllish, all meaning either to mislead by decep-
tioa or possessing the quality of being misled ?
He was, as the world knows, the prince of
punsters. J. G. C.

"MARCELLA." What is the history of this
word, which is familiar as an item in drapers'
catalogues, but is generally ignored by the dic-
tionaries ? The ' Century ' (if I remember rightly)
gives marsella, and defines it as a linen fabric.
The * Standard 'gives Marseilles, and defines it as a
heavy cotton fabric with raised pattern. This last
answers, I am told, to the marcella of our shops.
Marseilles appears to be the current form in the
United States, and the material is said to take its
name from the French city. C. S. WARD.

Wootton St. Lawrence.

A BRASS INSCRIPTION IN FULHAM CHURCH.
The Rev. Herbert Haines, in his Manual of
Monumental Brasses,' 1861, gives in his list,
under the heading of "Fulham, Middlesex," in
addition to the Flemish brass of Margaret
Saunders, a brass inscription to Augustus Parker,
1590, at. sixty-three, with merchant's mark. Now
I have been unable to find the existence of this
inscription in the church, and also can trace no
mention of it either in Bowack's * Middlesex ' or
Faulkner's Fulham.' Did it ever exist ? Per-
haps Haines has placed it wrongly. MR.
CHAS. JAS. FERET might assist me. I am look-
ing forward with pleasure to his forthcoming
work on Fulham. ETHERT BRAND

93, Barry Koad, Stonebridge Park, N.W.

"IRPE." This word occurs, as adjective and
noun, in Jonson's 'Cynthia's Revels': "Maintain
your station, brisk and irpe, shew the supple
motion of your pliant body, but in chief of your
knee and hand" (Act III. sc. iii.), and "From
Spanish shrugs, French faces, smirks, irpes, and
all affected humours, good Mercury defend us," in

the Palinode which closes the play. Are there
any other instances of this word ? The dictionaries
do not appear to give any. And what is the etymo-
logy of it ? Gifford thinks it may be connected
with the Dutch werp, wierp, or worp, bub this
is evidently a mere guess on his part.

PERCY SIMPSON",

AEROLITES. We are told in many books of
reference that before the great shower of stones
which fell in Normandy in 1803 it was the general
opinion of men of science that the stories to be
found in classical and mediaeval authors as to
stones reaching our planet from outer space were
mere fables, or the fancies of ignorant peasants. I
shall be glad to be referred to the writings of
persons who made mistakes of this kind.

ASTARTE.

JOHN PAYNE. I should be obliged for any in-
formation as to the present representatives of the
family of John Payne, whose property was for-
feited to the Crown in 1553.

What is the debt to the Crown referred to in
the following quotation from ' Calendar of State
Papers, Queen Mary, Domestic Series,' vol. i.?

" 1553. Warrant by the Queen (her first signature) to
the Chancellor and of the Court of Firstfruits and
Tenths to accept from John Payne the Manor of
Cryston and all hia other lands in Uphill Cubstocke and
Worle, co. of Somerset, in discharge of his debt to the
Crown."

The manor of Christen only passed into his
hands by purchase in 1548.

C. GODFREY ASHWIN.
Christen Rectory.

"PUSHFUL." Is this adjective, which I have
always regarded as colloquial, if not dialectal,
coming into general use ? In Punch, 14 March,
the cartoon is styled ' Well Matched,' and Oom
Paul is represented as saying to " Pushful Joe,"
" Look here ! Push-stroke barred you know."

In the Daily News of the same date, in a lead-
ing article on *The Soudan Again,' "pushful"
occurs : " England, we need not say, has all along
been not the pushful, but the restraining force,
so far as the Soudan is concerned."

F. C. BIRKBECK TERRY.

GORDONS IN co. TYRONE, IRELAND. I shall
be very glad of information as to the Scotch
ancestors of (1) Peter Gordon, farmer, of Ballice,
co. Tyrone, will dated 25 March, 1743, proved in
the Diocesan Court of Derry, 7 Nov., 1744,
married Mary, second daughter to Robert Boak,
or Boke, farmer, of Ballice ; (2) William Gordon
(Peter's brother), farmer of Bally sheagh, parish of
Leckpatrick, co. Tyrone, will dated 2 Dec. , 1753 ;
he married Mary Ross, sister to Aaron Ross of
Miltoun and Joseph Ross of Strabane. An ancestor
of William's possesses an old painting of arms,
blazoned Azure, three boars' heads erassd or;

NOTES AND QUERIES.

crept, a dexter arm grasping a scimitar ppr. ; motto,
" Dread God"; and underneath same is written,
" An antient and respectable family of Scotland."
It is believed these brothers went from Galloway
to Ireland about the end of the seventeenth cen-
tury. A. A. GORDON, F.S.A.Scot.
Conservative Club, Edinburgh.

ARMS OF IPSWICH SCHOOL. St. James's Budget
for 19 June contains (pp. 37, 38) an interesting
article on Ipswich Grammar School, including an
excellent illustration of ' The School Arms,' which
are as follow : France modern and England
quarterly, surmounted by the imperial crown of
England ; dexter supporter, a greyhound collared ;
sinister supporter, a dragon ; on a scroll underneath
are the words " SCHOLA : REGIA : GIPPESVICENSIS."
On inquiry since made as to the tinctures usually
accepted at the school, one of the co-editors of
the Ipswich, School Maganim has courteously and
carefully given the following particulars. The
tinctures of the shield as those of the royal
standard ; the crown is golden ; the greyhound
is white, collared gules ; the dragon is brown
(? " proper"); the scroll is gules and the letters
golden. The writer of the article in St. James's
Budget informs us that Queen Elizabeth granted
to the school (which was founded as early at least
as 1477) a new charter, and that " the school, out
of compliment to the maiden queen, has adopted
her motto of 'Semper eadem.'" The supporters
are also those of Elizabeth, for in Boutell's ' Royal
Armory of England,' chap. xii. (see the Art Journal
for 1668, p. 270), we are told that she used a golden
lion, and either a golden dragon or a white grey-
hound. Can any reader give another instance of
the dragon being coloured brown (? " proper ") ?
Kindly reply direct to

CHARLES S. PARTRIDGE.

Stowmarket, Suffolk.

ARMORIAL. I am the last of my branch of an
ancient family, having to go back so far as the
sixteenth century in order to find a connexion
between any one now bearing my name and my-
self. Do the laws of England and heraldry permit
me to leave my right to the family coat of arms
to whom I please ? If so, would a change of surname
be necessary ? Could any correspondent furnish
instances of arms being thus left ? G.

JOHN NORMAN, OF BRIDGWATER. The account
of him in vol. xli. * Diet. Nat. Biography ' needs
revision and addition. He was a son of Adrian
Norman, rector of Trusham, Devon, donor of one
of the bells there which bears his name. He
(Adrian) married Joane Merdon, of North Bovey.
Their son John's wife, in 1663, was a sister of
Theodosia Alleine, of Batcombe, married to Joseph
Alleine. But much uncertainty exists concerning
the wife or wives and children of John, and there

is no proof of his having been father of Henry
Norman, Master of the Free Grammar School at
Langport, Somerset, erroneously printed Longport
in ' D. N. B.' (Boase's ' Reg. Coil. Exon.,' Pars II.,
1894, pp. 231 and 388 ; Parish Register of North
Bovey). KANTIUS.

Wellington Cottage, West Hill, Ottery St. Mary.

QUOTATION. Where in Lord Macaulay's works
can the following sentence, or something like it, be
found? " The paradoxes of one age become the
truisms of the next." W. PRYCE MAUNSELL.

5, Martello Terrace, Kingstown.

THE SCRIMSHAW FAMILY. Can any one give
the history of this family ? Scotch I presume. It
is stated that in the reign of Charles I. grants of
1,0002. were given to Sir Edwin Scrimshaw and to
Sir Charles Scrimshaw. What became of the
descendants of these gentlemen ? Were the estates
and rank forfeited ; and, if so, why not restored at
the Restoration ? I should be glad to learn under
what title the descendants (if any) are known to
this day. Strange, is it not, for both rank and estates
to be forfeited ? I presume it is right to say that
the name of Scrimshaw is associated with the
Scottish nobility, and one especially which owes
its origin to knightly deeds. Strange to say, there
is a family bearing this uncommon name having
both the Christian names, viz., Edwin and Charles.
Can it be asserted these gentlemen are the lineal
descendants of Sir Edwin and Sir Charles ?

F. CARR.

' THE MILL.' Can you or any of your readers
inform me who is the author of a poem entitled
' The Mill,' published about seventy years ago ?

A. J\l.

"BILLINGSGATE." Why is coarse language so
often described as " Billingsgate " 1 Is the per-
sistent association of the old fish-market with
blackguardism justifiable ? Our dictionaries band
on the conceit from one generation to another. In
a recent cyclopaedic dictionary I find Billingsgate
defined as "foul abusive language such as is
popularly supposed to be mutually employed by
those who are unable to come to an amicable
understanding as to the proper price of the fish
about which they are negotiating." Dr. Brewer
places the responsibility on the fish-vendors only.
Bailey (eighth ed., 1737) calls a " Billingsgate " " a
scolding impudent slut"; and Pope and other
writers use the word in much the same connexion.
When did this notoriety first attach to Billings-
gate ; and is vituperation a distinguishing charac-
teristic of all dealers in fish (vide Charnbera's
4 Eng. Diet.,' 1872) ? There seems no reason why
profanity should be more closely associated with
Billingsgate Market than with Covent Garden or
old Smithfield. But may not Billingsgate have
suffered for the sins of others ? Between Billings-

NOTES AND QUERIES.

8. X. JULY 18, '96.

gate and the old bridge was the favourite haunt of
the riverside rough. All the down-river tilt-boats
started and arrived at this point, and rascaldom
reaped a rich harvest at this particular spot. The
place swarmed with " b'low bridge " watermen
the worst specimens of their class. Defoe has
left on record his unfavourable impressions of the
tilt-boat men, and in Dr. Johnson's days the slang-
ing and swearing of Thames watermen (and, indeed,
of many of their fares) had become a riverside
nuisance. The stream was crowded with merchant
vessels. Men-of-war were moored off the market.
The whole neighbourhood was often in commotion
as press-gangs arrived with fresh consignments for
the tender off the Tower. Thus blackguardism
seemed naturally to gravitate towards the neigh-
bourhood of the market, though not necessarily to
the market itself, of whose frequenters it may in
all charity be inferred that they had the average
low-class Londoner's disregard for the delicacies of
speech. It would, perhaps, be interesting to know
how far back this evil repute of Billingsgate can be
traced, and how the odium has attached to the
market which might possibly with more propriety
be spread over at least the riverside section of the
ward. W. H. HARPER.

Duncombe Road, N.

[See 2- 1 S. vii, 496, and N. E. D.'J

PLAGUE STONES: BASE OF CROSS. There is
the base of the mediaeval village cross yet to be
seen in the street, at the village of Grayingham,
Lincolnshire. It consists of a single large stone
the remainder of the cross having perished. A few
days ago I was informed that the villagers believe
it to be what they call "a plague stone." What is
this ? There is a local tradition which says that
the base of a mediaeval cross which yet remains,
half way between Fulford and York, about a mile
and a half to the south of the city, was used as a
place of meeting between the townsfolk and the
country people during the Plague in 1665. We
know that it was so used during the cholera in
1833. Those who had market produce to dispose
of placed their goods on the steps of the cross,
and the purchasers, in their turn, laid the money
upon it, so that none needed to touch the
other. If "plague stones "have any connexion
with this, I should suppose that it is more likely
to be a tradition handed down from the time of the
Black Death than to have arisen in 1665 ; but I
should be glad to hear if any one else knows of
" plague stone " used in this sense.

FLORENCE PEACOCK.

"BoMBELLiEAs," Whatare these? The word
occurs in the following connexion : " Die sinker,
Stamper and Piercer. Manufacturer of Bright,
Common and Japanned Tin Wares, Bombellieas
and Gauze Eye Protectors, Tin Boxes, &c."

BEN. WALKER.

OXFORD IN EARLY TIMES.
(8 th S. ix. 308 ; x. 12.)

It is well known that this name was always
trisyllabic before A.D. 1400, and that Oxford, in
two syllables, is modern.

Chaucer has Oxenf.ord seven times. The A.-S.
form is Oxna-ford, occurring in the * A.-S. Chro-
nicle '; with which we may compare the plant-name
oxna-lyb, ox -heal, in the 'A.-S. Leechdoms
(Glossary)/

Oxna is not the genitive singular, but the geni-
tive plural of ox ; the n is due to the fact that ox-
belongs to the n-declension. Hence Oxna-ford
does not mean " the ford of the ox," but " the ford
of the oxen."

We have no evidence of any earlier spelling, nor
is there the least reason for supposing that the
word was originally Celtic.

Not only fifty years ago, but even at the present
day, there are people who are ignorant of the
commonest principles of language, and refuse to
admit any phonetic laws or to take any trouble to
discover the historical sequence of forms. Their
only idea is that " etymology " is a question of
assumption and assertion, founded on guesswork
and proclaimed by reiteration and bluster. They
will never cease to repeat that Ox is a " corruption "
of Ouse, or Ose, or Usk, or something else that is
equally ridiculous. The more " corruption" there
is in a guess, the deeper is their conviction of its
truth. They like to think that the A.-S. -na and
the M.E. -en were inserted in the body of the
name " by corruption "; that ox is a " corruption "
of ux ; that ux is a ( ' corruption " of usk ; and that
utk is a short form of the Celtic (Old Irish) usige,
water. The last of these propositions is phonetic-
ally possible, and accounts for the river-name UsJc
fairly enough ; but it is a very far cry from uisge
to the A.-S. oxna. I am not aware that there is
any such river-name as Ox.

The old Celtic word uisge has much to answer
for. That it is now spelt whiskey is admitted ; as
also the fact that it forms part of the word usque-
baugh, "the water of life." But when it comes to
river-names, we are asked to believe that it signifies
any sort of vowel that is found in connexion with
anything involving an s. There are books which
make it the parent not merely of Ox- in Ox-ford,
but of Esk, Es- in Esthwaite, Ease- in Ease- dale,
Ewse-in Ewse-ley, the Is- in Is bourne, the Ash,
the Ise, the Ex, the Axe, the Ock, the Usk, the
Ouse, and a great many more. No attempt is
made to explain the Protean nature of the vowel ;
probably because it is a principle of the theory of
11 corruption," that vowels are of no account.

WALTER W. SKEAT.

8" S. X. JOLT 18, '96.)

NOTES AND QUERIES.

The origin of the name of Oxford is examined
at length in pp. 348-365, forming Appendix B. in
Mr. James Parker's * Early History of Oxford,'
Oxford, 1885. The writer allows the impossibility
of arriving at a certainty in the comparison of the
two theories, while the form "Oxnaforda," the
ford of oxen, is unquestionably the earliest,
occurring in the * Anglo-Saxon Chronicle,' 8. a. 912
(p. 348, cf. p. 324). But this will not settle the
question. There is strong reason
" for the probability of the name of Ouse or some
cognate form of the river-word having been applied at
one time to the Thames as it flows past Oxford. That
a ford over that river should be called from the river is
more likely to have been the case than from certain
cattle which may have crossed the river." P. 365.

After noticing other local allusions to the
river-name, Mr. Parker writes :

" It must be admitted that all this amounts only to
circumstantial evidence ; but then it is a case in which
only circumstantial evidence can be obtained." Ib.

Eb. MARSHALL.

UMBRIEL (8 th S. ix. 507). Your correspondent
remarks that we know all about Ariel ; but I
scarcely think we do. It is used many times in
the Bible, and in Isaiah always as a designation
of Jerusalem, but why does not seem quite clear.
A marginal note in the Authorized Version
(Is. xxix. 1) explains it to mean " the lion of
God," but one in the Revised Version offers as
an alternative explanation "the hearth of God,"
the latter being probably suggested by the use of
the word in Ezekiel xliii. 15 (second clause), 16,
for " altar," as it is rendered in the A.V., or
"altar-hearth" in the R.V. The former has a
marginal note, " Heb. Ariel, that is, the lion of
God," whilst the latter simply refers to its note
in Is. xxix. 1. It does not follow, however, that
the word is used by both prophets in the same
sense, though it is quite certain that Isaiah uses
it as a metaphorical designation of Jerusalem.
Ariel also appears as a proper name in Ezra viii.
16, and in 2 Sam. xxiii. 20, and 1 Chron. xi.
22, where the A. V. renders " lion-like men," but
the R.V. takes Ariel as a proper name, and
translates " sons of Ariel," supplying the word for
sons, supposed to have dropped out of the text.

What your correspondent means by knowing
all about Ariel probably is that the name of the
satellite was taken from Ariel in the ' Tempest,'
with which we are all familiar. But it is not
likely that Shakespeare intended to refer to the
Biblical use of the word : he probably meant it
as equivalent to aerial, to signify the light, airy
nature of the dainty spirit. That Pope, in the
' Rape of the Lock,' adopted it from ' The Tem-
pest' there can be little doubt. Apparently he
wished to introduce also a more saturnine and
melancholy sprite, and the word Umbriel (I know

no earlier use of it) may have been taken, like
that for the game ombre, from the Spanish hombre,
man, adding el that the termination might resemble
that of Ariel. I need hardly remark that Um-
briel, the second satellite of Uranus, moves much
more slowly than Ariel (the first), being nearly
twice as long revolving round the p'anet.

W. T. LYNN.
Blackheath.

Respecting the above I can find no information.
John Trithemius, a Benedictine monk (1462-
1516), states, in a treatise on spirits, that Ambriel
was the spirit (or angel) set over the sign " Gemini."
Umbriel may be a variation of Ambriel. The posi-
tion of Uranus in the heavens when Lassell made
the discovery might to some extent explain the
reason for naming the satellite Umbriel,

JOHN RADCLIPPB.

LAWRENCE SHIRLEY, FOURTH EARL FERRERS
(8 th S. ix. 308, 349, 435). In reference to the
execution of this singular and unhappy man
perhaps the following verse, said to have been
found in his apartment, may not be out of place
in'N. &Q.,'viz.:-

In doubt I lived, in doubt I die,

Yet stand prepared the vast abyss to try,

And, undismayed, expect eternity.

Vide ' The Book of Remarkable Trials,' John
Camden Hotten, London, 1872.

HENRY GERALD HOPE.
CJapham, S.W.

GEORGE BORROW (8 th S. ix. 407, 474). May I
be allowed to correct a misprint in my note at the
last reference ? Borrow's wife came from Oulton,
near Lowestoft, not Dalton. JAMES HOOPER.

NAME OF UNIVERSITY (8 th S. ix. 488). I am
quite sure that the Archbishop of Canterbury
knows the Greek language too well to misplace
the accents on the words as does your corre-
spondent G. E. LEATON-BLENKINSOPP.

THE GRACB DARLING MONUMENT (8 tb S. ix.
436). The effigy here referred to is not the one that
was originally sculptured. The monument was
designed and executed by Mr. Raymond Smith.
In 1884, owing to the wasted condition of the
figure, the then Vicar of Bamburgh, the Rev. A. 0.
Medd, originated a public subscription which
amounted to 1372. Mr. Smith, who had fortu-
nately preserved the original model, was commis-
sioned to sculpture a new one ; and from the
balance, a stained window, by Clayton and Bell,
was erected in the north transept of the church.
The unveiling took place in July, 1885. The old
effigy has been placed inside the church, with the
information that the monument and figure were
placed in the churchyard in 1844, the whole cost
of the monument being defrayed by Mrs. Catharine
Sharp, Close Hall, Barnstaple, widow of the Rev.

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[8S. X. JULY] 8, '96.

Andrew Boult Sharp, a former vicar of Bamburgb.
It was unfortunate that the figure should have
been a second time placed under an open canopy
and in such an exposed situation, to be wasted
away by the united action of sun and rain. The
enormously heavy canopy resting on such frail
pillars will inevitably suffer the same fate, if re-
erected aa they were. Surely some solution might
be applied to the figure to arrest further inevitable
decay. I may add that I was at Bamburgh when
the Forfarshire was lost, and, as soon aa the etorra
had sufficiently abated, went off in the Castle boat
to the wreck and to the Longstone Lighthouse
where the survivors were ; a not to be forgotten
event. G. H. THOMPSON.

Alnwick.

In N. & Q./ 29 March, 1884 (6 th S. ix. 250),
the late Rev. A. 0. Medd, then vicar of Bam-
bargb, alludes to Grace Darling's tomb, and states
that he will gladly acknowledge any contributions
for its repair. See ' Grace Darling, her Biography/
6" S. ix. 142, 190, 250, 279. In February, 1895,
I visited the tomb, when I found that the canopy
had been blown down, if I remember rightly,
during a then recent gale. CKLER ET AUDAX.

CHINESE COLLECTION AT HYDE PARK CORNER
(8 th S. ir. 489). The Illustrated London News,
22 April, 1848, speaks of " the premises formerly
occupied by the Chinese Collection at Knights-
bridge/' and on 21 Aug., 1847, the collection is
announced to be opened on the 24th of that month,
at Fairfield, near the Church, Bow, in a "Kin Teen"
which had occupied eight months in building.

W. 0. B.

SOUTHWELL M3S. (8 th S. ix. 488).-Several of
these manuscripts are, I believe, in the British
Museum. One set of papers which formed a por-
tion of the collection, and which is described on
pp. 174-185 of Thorpe's ' Catalogue/ published in
1834, is in the Royal Irish Academy. It contains
many valuable documents relating to the Irish
War of 1690-91, including a collection of letters
and orders signed by James II., which were taken
by the English at the battle of the Boyne.

J. DE CODRCT MACDONNELL.
Fairy Hill, Limerick.

These important collections of State Papers and
other manuscripts appear to have been acquired,
en bloc, by Thos. Thorpe, the bookseller, of Bedford
Street, Covent Garden, who catalogued them for
private sale, in 1,181 lots at the prices affixed ;
and a copy of the catalogue, dated 1834, is in my
library. No doubt many of the items were pur-
chased from Thorpe by that well-known collector
the late Sir Thos. Phillipps, of Broadway, co.
Worcester, at all times his best customer. Others
are now in the British Museum. During the last
few years portions of the Phillipps collection have

been dispersed under the hammer of Messrs.
Sotheby, including some of the Southwell MSS.

W. I. R. V.

PREBENDARY VICTORIA (8 th S. ix. 329, 377 ;
x. 14). The passage which MR. PICKFORD quotes
from Murray is taken by the writer from Jones
and Freeman's ' History of St. Davids'; the learned
authors can throw no further light. George Owen,
the Elizabethan historian of Pembrokeshire, speaks
of the " prsebenda Regie 33 ratione collegii Mene-
vensis," and his editor notes that the king's cursal
originated when the college of St. Mary at St.
David's was annexed by the Crown during the
reign of Edward VI. H. 0.

VICTOR HUGO : c NOTRE-DAME DE PARIS ' (8 th
S. ix. 88). I am inclined to think " ce capitaiue
anglais qui s'enliza dans un troupeau de crabes "
(liv. ii. ch. vi.) may be found in one of the fanciful
romances of Leon Gozlan dealing with tropical
countries. I have looked over "the emotions of
Polydore Marasquin/' which relates to an English
captain and certain extraordinary islands in the
Malay Archipelago, in expectation of finding it, but
without success. I think it must be agreed that
the allusion in all probability comes from a French
source, as Hugo's acquaintance with English litera-
ture was limited. JNO. HEBB.

Willesden Green, N.T7.

LLOYD FAMILY (8 th S. ix. 48). I have hoped
some one of those who have seen the query would
answer this more fully. All I know is that Bishop
Lloyd was, from his arms, of the tribe of Brochwel
Ysceithrog, and so related more or less distantly
to the Lloyds of Llyv. Lloyd is a name of such
frequent occurrence that the common ancestor
might have lived five hundred years before the
bishop. T. W.

Aston, Clinton.

THE BESTOWAL OF KNIGHTHOOD (8 th S. ix.
289). I send G. S. C. S. the information given
by a few writers on knighthood, ' The Theater of
Honour and Knighthood/ by Andrew Favine,
1623, says :

" The first Kings and Princes, being Christians, at
giving this golden Girdle, kissed tbe new made Knight
on the left cheeke, and used these wopds. ' In honor of
tbe Father, of the Sonne, and of the blessed Holy Ghost,
I make you a Knight.' "

This ceremony Ashmole states some authors think
was the same as the one used by Charlemagne
when he knighted his son Louis the Debonair.

Segar, in his work, * The Book of Honor and
Arms/ 1590, bk. v. p. 9, gives the ceremony of
making knights about the year 1020 as follows :

" This oath taken, two of the chief Lords led him unto
the King, who presentlie drew forth his Sword and laied
the same upon his head, and said : ' God and S. George
(or what ether Saincta the King pleased to name) make
thee a good Knight."

X. JULY 18, '96.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

Nisbet gives another: "Sis eques in nomine
Dei (Be a knight in the name of God)," and adds,
"Advance Chevalier, rise Sir A. B." Glover's
' Nobility Political,' 1610, edited by Mills, has
another version: "Soyez bon Chevalier d'ore-
senauant au nom Dion (Be from henceforth
good knight in the name of God)." In Selden's
'Titles of Honor 'the formula is, "Avancez Chi-
valer au nom de Dieu," and " Avancez Chivaler,"
which agrees with J. B. Burke, who gives the
ceremony used at the present time :

"The dignity of knighthood is now received by the
person kneeling before the sovereign, who with a stroke
of the sword over the right shoulder, pronounces these
words : " Sola chevalier, au nom de Dieu (Rise up knight
in the name of God)/ followed by ' Avance chevalier.'
At present the command to rise is expressed in English,
with the addition of the Christian name and surname of
the new knight."

In * An Essay on Chivalry ' (republished from
the ' Encyclopaedia Britannica,' 18 18) the formula
is given thus
God and St.
Son, and Holy

fortunate." No authority is given for the state-
ment, but extracts are given from various poets,
Sir Walter Scott being one of them.

JOHN RADCLIFFE.

dutiea which the title then required were changed or
lost, and the title itself became very general and com-
paratively insignificant, the solemnity gradually decayed
and all that remains in the making of a knight bachelor,
or simple knight, is the slight blow on the shoulder from
the sword of the monarch, who says, ' Sois chevalier, au
nom de Dieu.' "

EVERARD HOME COLEMAN.
71, Brecknock Road.

" BOSCH" OR "BosH" (8 th S. ix. 324, 418).
The origin of the word is doubtless well known.
But if not already noticed, it may be worth men-
tioning that the expression was probably popularized
by Lady Sale's ' Journal, 1 1843. She says at p. 47 :
" The people flatter the Envoy into the belief that
the tumult is bash [nothing]." The book was
widely read, the edition from which the above
extract is made being the eighth thousand.

J. H. R. C.

THE 'NEW HELP TO DISCOURSE' (8 th S. ir.

\ " I dub thee knight in the name of I 489). There were two well-known seventeenth
Michael (or in the name of the Father, century books : ' A Help to Discourse/ of which
ioly Ghost). Be faithful, bold, and | the first edition_was published in 1619, and* A

The seventh edition

William Berry, in his ' Encyclopedia Heraldica/
vol. i., under the article " Knight," says :

"The manner of conferring knighthood has been
different at different periods, but became more cere
monious and sacred when the cause of religion was
believed to be closely connected with it; then, instead
of the brief form of earlier times, v hen the king created
a knight by putting a military belt over his shoulder,
kissing his left cheek, and saying, ' in honour of the
Father, and the Son, and the Holy Ghost, 1 make you a
knight '; or the still briefer form of modern times, the
preparations occupied a considerable time, and the cere-
monies were numerous. The words which were early in
use on the occasion bear a near resemblance to those
used at baptism, and at the period now under discussion
some of the ceremonies also of that sacrament were
introduced : a profanation occasioned by the superstitious
zeal of those who fancied that the emblems of sanctifica-

New Help to Discourse.'

of the former work, according to Lowndes, was
enlarged by W. B. (Baldwyn) and E. P. (Phillips),
and was published in 1628. I have often seen it
stated that the initials E. P. stand for Edward
Phillips, the nephew of Milton; but this is impos-
sible, as that writer was not born till August,
1630. Nor do I think he had any hand in ( A
New Help to Discourse.' Winstanley, who was
undoubtedly the editor of the latter work, may
have made use of Phillips's writings, just as he
did in the case of his 'Lives of the English Poets/

hich is founded on Phillips's ' Theatrum
Poetarum '; bat these vade mecums of the diner-
out of Caroline days are not of sufficient interest
to incite one to a critical examination of their
contents. W. F. PRIDEAUX.

Eingsland, Shrewsbury.

The bottom part of the title-page of my copy
reads : " By W. W. Gent. | The Second Edition. |

tion and regeneration could not be misapplied to men 1 That Author best of all doth write, I Who mixeth
who adopted a new mode of life for the defence of reli- p ro fi fc w j ta Delight, i London, Printed by P. J.
^^^n^^^^S^i \toM * nd 8old bv the Booksellers of London and West-
bath, as a sign of purification, and then was arrayed in minster, 1672." My book is in the original calf,
a white garment, as an emblem of a new life which he and as clean and sound as can be. R. R.

proposed to follow. When the solemn day was arrived,
he was conducted in pomp to a cathedral or church,
where he was invested with the sword and spurs, and

Boston, Lincolnshire.

then offered his sword on the altar, which was blessed
by the ministers of religion, and again restored to him ;
and he took an oath, the tenor of which was that he
would speak the truth, maintain the right, protect the
distressed, practice courtesy, pursue the infidels, despise
the allurements of ease and safety, and vindicate, in every
perilous adventure, the honour of his character. Such
were the ceremonies which, in the times of the holy
wars, attended the creation of a knight; but when the

JEMMY " = CROWBAR (8" S. ix. 424). I am
^ t Ve' re b :\ W e acquainted with the reference to the J of this

word which MR. PICKFORD quotes ; it is also
quoted in Davies's ' Supplementary Glossary,' and
is probably the earliest generally known instance
of this usage of jemmy. But it is older than the
year in which Ingoldsby's 'Nell Cook' appeared
in Bentley's Miscellany. When, some time ago,
I had occasion to consult Pierce Egan's edition
of Grose's 'Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[8i S. X. JULY 18, '96.

Tongue,' I observed and made a note of this word.
My note-book says :

"Jemmy, a crow. This instrument is much used by
housebreakers. Sometimes called Jemmy Rook."

Egan does not, however, give any clue as to how
the word came to be so applied ; but he gives
another word, in gimcrack or jimcrack, which may
possibly throw some little light on the subject.
This he defines, in one of its two significations the
other meaning is not material heretoas meaning
(( a person who has a turn for mechanical con-
trivances." This term gimcrack suggests a train of
possibilities. The thought has occurred to me that
possibly the persons so called may, from their
reputed skill for mechanical contrivance, have been
the originators of the implement which we now
know as a jemmy the latter name thus having
its rise from the original makers of the instrument.
We have such instances. Of course, this suggestion
is merely tentative, and will be taken at its worth,
but, in the absence of anything like a settled etymo-
logy, which so far I have never yet lighted on, may
be worth considering. But there is another term,
also quoted by Egan, which must claim attention.
This is jenny, which Egan defines as "an instru-
ment for lifting up the grate or top of a show glass,
in order to rob it." This is an old cant word, and
is contained in the ' Collection of Canting Words
and Terms,' &c., affixed to Nathaniel Bailey's
good old * English Dictionary/ Another name,
which Bailey also gives, is betty or bess, which
apparently applies to the same instrument ; for the
definition here is " a small engine to force open the
doors of houses." For both jenny, or jinny as it is
sometimes written, and betty your readers may
turn to MR. F. ADAMS'S article on '"Jemmy "=
Sheep's-head ' (8" S. vi. 138), where it will ,be
seen the suggestion is made that in jenny we may
have the possible forerunner of the now common
appellation jemmy. Jinny, in turn, calls to mind
the gin of engine, the latter an old name for any
mechanical contrivance, and might reasonably be
referred thereto. But on these points all is merely
speculative, and must be treated in a similar spirit.
In the French argot, the equivalent for jemmy is
monseigneur ; but from a few notes contributed by
a writer to the Daily Chronicle, 30 May, I read
that the French cambricleur as often calls it
" Frere Jacques," i. e., James or Jemmy. It is
peculiar that in this, as with many similar in-
stance?, both the French and our own people
should use the same form of expression to convey
a similar idea; a fact upon which the writer
in the Daily Chronicle comments. It might be
interesting to learn the equivalents in other lan-
guages. 0. P. HALE.

An earlier form of this word seems to have been
jenny, given in Grose's * Classical Dictionary of the
Vulgar Tongue,' ed. 1796, and defined as "an
instrument for lifting up the grate or top of a show-

glass, in order to rob it. Cant." This form of the
ord looks very much as if it were only a different
spelling of ginny, which might be derived from
gin, one definition of which as given by Bailey is
( an engine for lifting up great guns."

The Rev. A. S. Palmer, in Folk- Etymology/
remarks, sub "Jemmies," that the slang term
emmy for a crowbar no doubt arose from the use
of gimmer as a contrivance or piece of machinery.
Ee quotes :

I think by some odd gimmors or device

Their arms are set like clocks, still to strike on.

Shakespeare, 1 Hen. VI.,' I, ii. 42-3.

In J. P. Collier's notes to * Pierce Penniless's
Supplication to the Devil/ ed. 1842, at pp. 98-9,
it is stated that " it would not be at all unpre-
cedented if the word jemmy, an instrument now used
by housebreakers, had as ancient an origin as
jymiams" which occurs in the text (p. 30), " a thou-
sand jymiams and toyes haue they in theyr cham-
bers." F. C. BIRKBECK TERRY.

SPANISH MOTTO OF AN ENGLISH DUKE (8 th S.
ix. 429). The earliest mention of "Fiel pero
desdichado," meaning "Faithful though unfortu-
nate," the motto of John Churchill, Duke of
Marlborough, is given in the 'British Com-
pendium' for 1726. The edition of 1719 gives
the arms but no motto. Being short of material,
I am unable to determine the date when it was
first used ; but if it was in 1711 or after that year,
may it not refer to his dismissal from all his offices
by Queen Anne ; thereby intimating that he was
still faithful to his sovereign, though so unfortunate
in losing her confidence. JOHN KADCLIFFE.

By Berry's 'Dictionary of Heraldry' "Fiel,
pero desdichado/' is the motto of the Earl of
Thanet. EVERARD HOME COLEMAN.

71, Brecknock Road,

The dull but laborious Coxe tells us (' Memoirs/
vol. i. p. xlvi):

" He [Sir Winston Churchill, father of the first duke]
assumed a motto indicative of hia services and his suffer-
ings in the royal cause, ' Fiel pero desdichado/ faithful
but unfortunate."

This he did when the grant of arms was made to
him in 1661. EDWARD H. MARSHALL, M.A.
Hastings.

BOAK (8 th S. ix. 486). MONK may dismiss the
Galloway place - name Beoch from his list of
analogues to the surname Boak. Beoch is a dis-
syllable, with the stress on the first vowel, and
represents the Gaelic beitheach (bayoch), a birch
wood. Cf. Beith, in Ayrshire ; Beagh, Behagb,
and Behy, in Ireland. Slieve Beagh is written
" Sliabh beatha" by Muircheartach.

HERBERT MAXWELL

Betham's c Baronetage/ vol. v. p. 445, mentions
that a Mr. Boik, a foreign merchant in Edinburgh

8> S. X. JOLT 18, '96.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

circa 1670, married a daughter of James and
Marion Inglis, of the same place. His son
William (designed by Niebet, of Edinburgh) had
two daughters. Burke and Robson, 1830, give
the arms, Or, a pale gu., in chief two frets, and
in base another counter changed. The crest is
the same as given in the query. According to
Foster's * Alumni Oxonienses' a William Boak
resided at Yanworth, Westmoreland, circa 1700.
JOHN RADCLIFFE.

This appears to be a contraction of "by the
oaks " (Lower's ' Surnames, 1 vol. i. p. 62). In
Edinburgh, in 1825, a brochure was published em
bodying the names of residents in that city. A
foot-note to " Boak " explains it as belching (Ibid.,
vol. ii. p. 62). This is not inapplicable to a
beacon, the crest of the family, as " belching forth
fire and smoke." ATEAHR.

I knew a family in humble circumstances
named Boakes, who reached London from Kent
about the year 1820. I paired* them off with
Yokes, Folks, Faux, and Vaux, taking the last
aristocratic name in the humble form, suggested
by Punch, of one who had a " brougham and
walks 1 '! A. H.

Thirty years ago there was a photographer of
this name at Driffield, in East Yorkshire. At
the same date there was a druggist named Balk
in the town of Hull W. C. B.

There are Boaks and Boags in Edinburgh ; see
directory of that town. SWAN.

FERRIS (8 th S. viii. 508). Ts not this name
identical with Piers, Pierce, Pears, Pearse, &c. ?
Bardsley, in his 'English Surnames/ gives
" Pierres de Belegrave " as occurring in ' Writs
of Parliament.' Dr. Charnock, in ' Prsenomina,'
remarks that Peres and Perrez were Anglo-
Norman forms of Peter.

F. 0. BIRKBECK TERRY.

PRINCESS LEONORA CHRISTINA OF DENMARK
(8* h S. ix. 446, 513). Can any reader of 'N. & Q.'
give the names of the children of Christian IV. of
Denmark by Christina Munk 1 The 'Nouvelle
Biographie G6n6rale' says: " Les filles, parmi
leaquelles se distinguait par les quality's de 1'esprit
et du creur EMonore Christine, Spouse du fameux
majordome Corfits Ulfeldt, furent marines a des
nobles du pays, et le roi se procura quelque in-
fluence dans le se"nat en y faisant entrer ses
gendres." In the same publication, under " Frede-
rick III. of Denmark," we find : " Ce ne fut que
deux mois apres la mort de son pere que Fre'de'ric
fut e"lu roi par les e"tats ge"ne>aux. Ulfeldt et
trois autres secateurs qui formaient le conseil de
r^gence avaient, dit-on, favoriee" un fils naturel de
Charles IV." Was this a son of Christina Munk ?

G. MlLNER-GlBSON-CULLUM, F.S.A.

* THE ROVER'S BRIDE ' (8 th S. ix. 507). There
was a song with this title very popular in the early
"fifties." It seems to have been designed to
illustrate the saying about going out for wool and
coming home shorn, or that other saw on the folly
of reckoning your chickens before they are hatched,
or, still more forcibly, the legend Shakespeare
makes Henry V. refer to in rebuking the bragga-
docio spirit of the French herald on the morning
of Agincourt :

The man that once did sell the lion's skin
While the beast lived was killed with hunting him.

I am happy to be able to furnish IGNORANT with a
version of the ballad he inquires for, but, as it is
only transcribed from an old man's memory, I
cannot guarantee its textual accuracy :
If you love me, furl your sails

And draw your boat on shore,
Oh ! tell me talea of midnight gales,

And tempt the seas no more,
" Oh ! stay," Kate whispered, " stay with me,"

" Pear not," the Rover cried,
" Yon barque you see my prize shall be,
I Ml seize it for my bride i "

The barque set sail, a fair wind blew,

The schooner followed fast ;
Poor Kate well knew the rover's crew

Would struggle to the last.
And ceaselessly 'till morning's light

She prayed on bended knees,
For all that night the sounds of fight

Were borne upon the breeze.

Morning came ; it brought despair.

The rover'a boat had gone ;
Kate tore her hair ; the barque was there,

Triumphant, and alone !
She looked no more, but sought the shore,

A corse lay by her side ;
She sought to warm the lifeless form,

Then kissed his lips and died !

NEMO.
Temple.

The invitation in Hickenstern's song, " Oh, who
will o'er the downs?" is "to win a blooming
bride " the epithet happily nob being used in the
sense to which our ears nowadays are too often
perforce accustomed. VINCENT 8. LEAN.

Windham Club.

There is an old melodrama with this title, by
George Almar, derived from the same source as
Buckstone's ' Wreck Ashore.' WM. DOUGLAS.

1, Biixton Road.

THAMES OR Isis (8 th S. ix. 368, 455). The
revival of this query has the result of showing that
the interval of twelve years since it was last dis-
cussed in ' N. & Q.' has produced no fresh argument.

[t appears, indeed, that all there is to say on the
subject has been said. In the interval, however,

he Rev. Andrew Clark (quoted by MR. RANDALL
at second reference) by his pungent remarks and
the additional documentary evidence he brings
toward, ranging from 1244 to 1553, as to the use

NOTES AND QUERIES.

of the name Thames for the upper river, has cer-
tainly helped the conclusion that the name Isis
" belongs to an age fertile in pseudo-classical fic-
tions (ed. 1889 of Anthony Wood's * Survey of the
Antiquities of Oxford,' vol. i. p. 397). It seems,
moreover, if it cannot definitely be said Leland
was the inventor of Isis, that the name was
first applied in his time. Certainly, as CANON
TAYLOR points out, the monk Ralph Higden
wrote c. 1340 of the Ysa ; but this he did as
referring to, or rather as conjecturing, a name of
the past. For the chronicler says plainly that
at the time he was writing i. e., the reign of Ed-
ward ILL the whole river, from its source to the
sea, was called Thames : " Totus flavins a sno
ezortu usque ad mare orientate dicitur Thamisia."
In preceding words he modestly suggests (" vide-
tur") that Thamisia may be composed of the
names of two rivers, Thama and Ysa, but in view
of what he immediately afterwards says of the then
name of the whole river, it must be understood
that he used Ysa as an obsolete name, if, indeed,
he thought it had ever been vernacular. Higden's
hypothesis appears to have become solid fact by
the time it had reached Stowe and Camden, and
by them it was given to the world as the first and
only example of a confluence of rivers represented
by a confluence of names.

So far back as A. D. 705 the name of the river at
Somerford, five miles from the source, is given in
Aldhelm's charter (Latin) as Temis (Gibson's
ed. 1772 of Camden's ' Britannia,' p. 194), and
this appears to be the earliest evidence available.
Possibly in prehistoric time Ese or Ysa, meaning
water, was sufficient expression for the aborigines
of Britain, though very soon, if not from the first,
these simple folk seem to have qualified the word
" water " with the adjective tern = broad. Ese may
have been the " ghost name "to use CANON TAY-
LOR'S word in ' Names and their Histories 'and
Tem-Ese its development. We may be well satis-
fied that the "ghost name" has undergone so
little change, and that we have in Thames a
good English word of so long descent that it can
be traced to the age of prehistoric mist. On the
other hand, a most un-English name was coined by
making Latin of the ghost name ; but it is little in
favour now even at Oxford, and, as Bishop Gibson
said a century and a half ago :

" The name Isia is not so much as heard of but among
scholars [and apparently not now countenanced by them,
judging from what Mr. Clark baa eaid], the common
people all along, from the head of it to Oxford, calling it
by no other name but that of Thames."

So let it be ; and let the land of the Nile have
the full monopoly of Isis. W. L. RUTTON.
27, Elgin Avenue, W.

THOMAS GAINSBOROUGH, PAINTER (8"> S. ix.
509). According to his biographer, Fulcher, the
maiden name of the artist's mother "was "Bur-

roughs," the sister of the Rev. Humphry Bur-
roughs, the master of the grammar school, whose
wife was a daughter of the celebrated Dr. Busby.

R. R.
Boston, Lincolnshire.

Fulcher, in his 'Life of Gainsborough,' states
that the maiden name of the painter's mother was
Burroughs. J. L. R.

FLORENCE AS A MALE CHRISTIAN NAME (8 th
S. ix. 125, 435,455). The Rev. J. Edward Vaux,
in his recent book, ' Church Folk-lore,' a work
which refers frequently to ' N. & Q.,' and which will
well repay perusal, states, at p. 336 :

" Mr. H. P. Spencer writing from Oxford, says that,
in a rural parish, he remembers a young man who was
called Rose, his surname being Cherry. The writer adds :
'Hyacinth is sometimes, and Florence often given in
England to girls, but in Ireland to boys."

At p. 333 of ' Church Folk-lore 1 we read that the
Gentleman's Magazine of January, 1742, contained,
amongst other announcements, the following : Lady
of the deceased Alexander Nairn, of a posthumous
son ; had three daughters, in 1740, christened
James Agnes, Charles Amelia, Henry Margaret,
all (in 1742) in good health. H. E. M.

St. Petersburg.

Quite recently I had a servant in my employ-
ment who was named Florence. She was of Irish
extraction, I believe, and was called by this name
after her uncle.

EDWARD H. MARSHALL, M.A.

Hastings.

This was a name in the Kane family. Florence
Kane was appointed lieutenant in the regiment
now known as the Royal Scots Fusiliers, 1 Aug.,
1692. CHARLES DALTON.

32, West Cromwell Road, 8.W.

OSBALDESTON, BlSHOP OP LONDON (8 th S. i

328, 433). The annexed announcement appears
(p. 490) in the London Chronicle, 24 May, 1764 :

" This morning the remains of Dr. Richard Osbaldss-
ton, late Bishop of London, after lying in state, were
carried from his palace at Fulham, in order to be interred
at Hunmanby, near Scarborough, in Yorkshire, of which
parish his Lordship was Vicar many years."

DANIEL HIPWELL.

CHURCH BRIEF FOR LONDON THEATRE (8" 1 S.
x. 7), The Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, was burnl
down in January, 1672, and, according to a corre-
spondent of the Gentleman's Magazine (May, 1802,
p. 422), its rebuilding was assisted by a brief, under
which the sum of two shillings was collected in the
Church of Symondsbury, Dorsetshire (Wheatley's
' London Past and Present,' i. 525).

W. F. PRIDEAUX.

CHANGES IN COUNTRY LIFE (8 th S. viii. 485 ;
ir. 171, 453). I can testify to the accuracy of

8th S . X. JOLT 18, '96'.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

C. 0. B.'s note at the second reference. Th
small farmers and labourers of the north of Lin
colnshire are a frugal, industrious, and manly
race, and I always visit that part of the count;
with a deal of pleasure. Notwithstanding bat
times, they manage to get along pretty comfort
ably. In some villages there are no poor what
ever. They are sober as well as hardy and in
dustrious. At a recent clerical meeting at the
bishop's one of the clergy said to a friend of mine
41 What do you do about temperance societies in
your parishes 1" "Do ; why I do nothing.'
"In-d-e-e-e-d t Why, how is that?" "It is
because there is no drunkenness. I have 800
parishioners, and it is very rare indeed to see a
man in the least affected with drink."

As to milkmaids, my experience is that very
few servant girls will milk. The women who milk
are generally the daughters or wives of smal
farmers. I constantly pass a " milkmaid " in my
afternoon's walk on the river bank not half a
mile from my house. She is a married woman, a
little over thirty, of pleasant appearance and
agreeable manners. She milks half a dozen cows
and carries the milk up to town with a " pair o
yoks." Directly I have finished this note, I shall
be ready for the walk, and I have no doubt I shall
see her as usual.

In one respect, not noticed by any correspondent,
our peasantry have altered much the last fifty
years. When I was a boy one of the great cha-
racteristics of the u Stattases " and May markets
was the great number of bloody battles fought.
Many of them were very bloody, for the combatants
were strong men with muscles, by constant labour,
hardened almost like iron. They fought, naked
above the waist, as fiercely as tigers, till their
chests were covered with blood. Sometimes it
was some old quarrel they had agreed "to have
out " at the " Stattas." Sometimes it was all for
love and just to see which was "best man."
These fights have almost ceased, and it is very
rare to see a battle now. The sound of the
blows on each other's ribs was terrific, and could
be heard at a considerable distance. The men
often had to be carried from the field and their
wounds attended to. Grass fields, just outside of
the towns, were generally selected for these
Homeric contests. R. R.

Boston, Lincolnshire

WEDDING CEREMONY (8 th S. ix. 406, 475).
Putting the stole round the joined hands has
been the use at Newland, near Malvern, from the
time of the late Rev. James Skinner (1861-77),
who was in the first rank of patristic and liturgical
scholars. W. 0. B.

"FiNDY" (8 th S. ix. 465). This word is duly
recorded in Stratmann, g.v. "Fundi," with a
cross-reference from the form findiy. It is sad to

find that such an obvious source of information
has been overlooked. Again, it is in Miitzner,
s.v., "Findiy." Thirdly, it is in Mayhew and
Skeat's ' Concise M.E. Dictionary.' It occurs in
the * Ormulum ' and in the * Old Eng. Homilies,'
edited by Morris. It is given in Bos worth and
Toller's 'A.-S. Diet./ s.v. " Findig." And it is
obviously derived from the verb to find.

Find has numerous senses ; one is to invent.
Hence Swed. fyndig, inventive. Find also means
to provide for, and a findy barn clearly means one
that provides plentifully ; we may explain it by
" plentiful." So far all seems easy, but difficulties
begin when the A.-S. findig is looked up.

Lye has an article on it, which he seems to have
made up from Jnnius ; he notes the sense " in-
ventor, raptor/' which he probably got at by a
twist in the sense of the Swed. fyndig. Then be
gives "soliditate, pondere prsestans," with the
example "findig corn, ponderosum frnmentum ;
fast [error for fast] and findig, firamm et solidum";
and then refers to Junius. But he gives no reference
or authority.

The only example traceable in Anglo-Saxon is
this, " capax, numol oththe gefindig." Toller ex-
plains it, fairly enough, as " finding, receiving,
capable." There is no pretence for translating it
as weighty, beyond the fact that a full ear of corn
is necessarily a heavy one. It does not occur in
the glosses ; there is nofindig, no fyndig, and no
gefyndig ; for though the dictionaries give all
these, they all go back to the one sole quotation
given above.

But the sense presents no special difficulty;
and the etymology is obvious.

WALTER W. SKEAT.

PLAY ON WORDS (8" S. ix. 445). If MR.
BLACK will consult the admirable General Index
:o the publications of the Parker Society he will
find that the joke and it is marvellous how poor
and sometimes how dirty were the jokes then in
vogue among theological controversialists is
eleven years older than "An Order," &c. For
B'ulke in 1583 wrote of " your Jebusites that must
be called ( fathers/ though they be but young and
ight persons " in his 'Defence,' &c., p. 568.

EDWARD H. MARSHALL, M.A.

Hastings.

HADDOW (8 lb S. x. 9). The last syllable of
ocal names ending in -ow, especially in Lincoln-
,hire, are usually from A.S. hldw, O.N. haugr, a
?rave mound or tumulus, as Langoe, formerly
janghow ; Graffoe, formerly Graf how ; Aslacoe,
ormerly Aslachow ; Haverstoe, formerly Havards-
how, where the first part of the name may be
rom a personal name. Unless an earlier form is
;iven nothing definite can be said about Haddow,
ixcept that Hadda would be possible as a per-
onal name. ISAAC TAYLOR.

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[8 th S. X. JULY 18, '96.

THE OHAPEL OF FULHAM PALACB (8 th S. ix.
321, 469). As an evidence of the antiquity of
this chapel, I may add that the celebrated charter
of Gilbert, Bishop of London, regarding the dis-
puted jurisdiction of the Abbey of Westminster
over the nunnery of Kilburn* (MS. Cotton Vesp.,
A. 19, fol. 406), is " acta in capella apud Fulham
anno gratire KCCXXXI." (Dugdale's ' Monast.
Anglic.,' ed. 1682, i. 362).

W. F. PRIDBADX.

SALTER'S PICTURE OF THE WATERLOO DINNER
(8 tb S. ix. 366, 416, 493). I recollect seeing this
picture the original painting about thirty-
three years ago in a house not very far from
Henley - on - Thames. I do not like to be cer-
tain as to the name of the owner, but, if my
memory does not fail me, it was Mr. Mackenzie,
and the house Fawley Court. S. C.

UNIVERSITIES OFTHEUNITRDSTATBSOF AMERICA
(8 to S. ir. 468; x. 18). The World Almanac,'
1896, pp. 271-290, published by the World news-
paper at the city of New York, gives a list of all
universities and colleges in the United States of
America and all data concerning them the most
complete account, with all details, that is pub-
lished. GISORS can obtain a copy at the World
office or agency in London.

SMITH E. LANE.

New York.

The New York Tribune publishes a political
almanac which contains a list of all institutions
with charters empowering them to grant degrees.
0. H. DARLINGTON.

TANNACHIE (8 th S. x. 7). Many local names
in Scotland and still more in Ireland are derived
from the Gaelic tamhnach, a meadow or a green
field. In Scotland we have such names as Tan-
nach, Tannoch, or Tannock. In Ulster and Con-
naught it is very common in modern names,
usually appearing as Tawnagb, Tawny, Tonagh,
Tamnagh, and Tamny. Thus Tavanaska, in
Monaghan, is the field of the bushes, but in com-
position it often takes the form Tawnagh or
Tonagh, as Tawnaghlahan, the broad field, or
Tonaghmore, the great field. ISAAC TAYLOR.

THE FLYING DUTCHMAN (8 th S. ix. 448).
This legend, of which there are many variants, is
said by Mr. Con way to be a survival of the old
Norse belief in the demon Nikke, a kind of
" Wild Huntsman of the Sea." The account of it
given by Scott in the note to ' Rokeby ' does not
agree with the version of the legend of Yander-
decken upon which Marryat founded his novel
'The Phantom Ship. 1 According to this, the
Dutch seaman, having for nine weeks striven in

"Contentio cellae de Kylebourne terminata inter
capitulum sancti Pauli et ecclesiam Westmonasterii."

vain to double the Cape of Storms in the teeth of
opposing winds and adverse currents, swore blas-
phemously that he would gain his point, in spite
of storm and seas, even if he should beat about
until the Judgment Day, and struck dead the
pilot who withstood him. For this double crime
he was doomed to roam the seas until that day
should come, unless a fragment of the Cross upon
which he had sworn were borne to him, and he
thereupon recanted his oath. This is also, I
believe, the version of the legend upon which
Wagner founded his opera * Der Fliegende Hol-
lander.' The story is also localized in the German
Ocean, where the rover's name is Von Falkenberg.
In this variant the doomed mariner sits on his
ship, without helm or steersman, playing at dice
with the devil for his soul (see art. "Flying
Dutchman" in ' Chambers's Encyclopaedia'), an
incident of which Coleridge made such splendid
use. 0. 0. B.

I am surprised that my friend MR. BOUCHIER
has not read 'The Phantom Ship,' by Capt.
Marryat, in my opinion one of the best stories
he ever wrote, but of a melancholy kind. The
opening scene is laid in Holland, at the small
fortified town of Terneuse, and the date of the story
is about 1650. Amine, the beautiful wife of the
hero, Philip Vanderdecken, is burnt by the Inquisi-
tion at Goa, on a charge of sorcery. The ' Phantom
Ship 7 originally appeared in the New Monthly
Magazine of 1839, and was afterwards republished
in three volumes, and again in one-volume form
in Bentley's " Standard Novels."

JOHN PICKFORD, M.A.

Newbourne Rectory, Woodbridge.

See also 'The Sketch-Book,' by Washington
Irving. EDWARD H. MARSHALL, M.A.

THE BOOK OF COMMON PRAYER IN ROMAN
OFFICES (8 th S. ix. 469 ; x. 17). Was not the
question rather bow much of the offices derived
from ancient sources is still used by Romans and
Anglicans alike ? Putting aside the devotions of
the religious houses, it may be safely asserted that
the Anglican offices at the present day contain
more ancient matter than do the congregational
services of Christians under Cardinal Vaughan's
obedience. The Psalms, for instance. By the
way, two correspondents write of Beaumont as
co-author with Campion. His name should
Beamont. EDWARD H. MARSHALL, M.A.

Hastings.

For Beaumont read Beamont. Dr. Campic
was Fellow and tutor of Queens' College,
bridge, and Mr. Beamont Senior Fellow
Trinity. J. T. F.

TOM PAINE AND STAYS (8 th S. ir. 508). It
was natural enough that the coarse fanatics wl
hated, reviled, and caricatured Paine shoi

8" S. X. JOLT 18, 'S6.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

attach utays to his effigy, for his Quaker father at
Thetford was a staymaker, and Paine himself
worked as a journeyman staymaker in Long Acre
and at Dover, 1756-8, and as a master' stay maker
at Sandwich, 1759-60.

Leeds was not by any means alone in burning
Paine's effigy, for the Bury Post, of Bury St.
Edmunds, recorded on 9 January, 1793, that " On
Saturday last the effigy of T. Paine was carried
round S waif bam, hung on a gibbet, and committed
to the flames."

May I strongly recommend ST. SWITHIN to
read Mr. Moncure D. Con way's ' Life of Paine,'
the first edition of which appeared in 1892, in
two volumes ? JAMES HOOPER.

Norwich.

The pair of stays held by the effigy of Tom
Paine had nothing to do with the " rights of
women " ; it was simply an allusion to the fact
that he was the son of a staymaker, and in early
life brought up to his father's trade. F. N.
[Other replies are acknowledged.]

DOG STORIES (8 th S. ir. 484). As I read the
Spectator every week, I have, of course, seen the
dog stories in its columns, and do not presume to
doubt their authenticity ; but am I not correct in
saying that many years ago Mr. Jesse published
a number of canine anecdotes, to which Capt.
Marryat and Theodore Hook were large con-
tributors from their own invention ?

ALFRED GATTT, D.D.

Stories of remarkable intelligence in dogs are
endless. A lady told me that whenever she
played a particular tune on the piano her dog
showed every sign of delight, which he did not
when other tunes were played.

E. LBATON-BLENKINSOPP.

SPANISH ARMADA (8** S. ix. 367). In John
Pine's ' Tapestry Hangings of the House of Lords,
representing the Several Engagements between
the English and Spanish Fleets in the ever
memorable year MDLXXXVIII.' (24 June, 1739),
the name of Signior Jeronimo does not occur, but
a portrait of Sir Edward Hoby (written Sr.
Edward Hobye) is given on the borders of the
superb plates ii., iv., vi., viii., and x., together
with the portrait busts of twenty- one other of
his brave contemporaries in the great sea fight.
The five alternate plates give eight other portraits
on their respective borders, so that thirty
British heroes are illustrated altogether. His
name does not occur, however, in the list
of captains of the fleet, of which no fewer
than 160 are mentioned. In * A Complete List
of the Spanish Fleet,' taken from the Spanish
book printed in 1588, the name of Signior
Jeronimo is not amongst those of the commanders
of the eleven squadrons, each of which consisted

of from twenty-four to four ships respectively.
The author gives ' Histoire Metallique des Pays
Bas,' by G. van Loon, as his authority for Sir
Edward Hobye's portrait.

The following curious item of detail relative to
the Spanish Armada in Pine's somewhat rare
book may be worth quoting :

" And because none [the Spaniards] were allowed to
have Wives or Concubines on board, some Women had
hired ships to follow tbe Fleet : two or three of which
ships were driven by the storm on the Coast of France."

HARRY HEMS.

Fair Park, Exeter.

The Builder of 9 May, in a short article on the
forthcoming sale of the Abbey Gate estate at
Minster, says, "Scott drew the supposed effigy
of Cerinemo, the Spanish general captured by
Drake, who died at the Nore, and was buried
here in 1591." This seems to refer to the Signor
Jeronimo about whom DR. CAVE-BROWNE asks.
RALPH NEVILL, F.S.A.

DESCENDANTS OF BURNS (8 th S. ix. 226, 392.)
Two of Burns's granddaughters and one great-
granddaughter are, to my certain knowledge,
residing in Cheltenham. P. J. F. GANTILLON.

NICHOLAS STONE, MASON (8 th S. ix. 506).
MR. HEBB'S note is very interesting, but the only
Duke of Monmouth known to history was James
Crofts, afterwards James Scott, who was created
a duke in 1663, and lost his head in 1685. He
could not, therefore, have been a party to pro-
ceedings for the recovery of property in the year
1650. The last Earl of Monmouth of the Carey
family died in 1661, and it was probably he to
whom the note refers. W. F. PRIDEAUX.

MAID MARIAN'S TOMB (8 th S. ix. 188, 334 ; x.
18). The story of the lady buried at Dunmow
Priory, the object of the dissolute King John's
dishonourable pursuit Matilda, or Maud of the
Tower, as she is known by tradition is admirably
told by an accomplished lady novelist, Miss Eliza-
beth Aldridge (who some ten years ago charmed
the English reading world with two delightful his-
torical romances, ' The Queen's House ' and * The
Tower Gardens') in the January (or is it February?)
number of the Argosy of this year. The writer was,
I believe, born in the Tower of London, and cer-
tainly has a more than ordinary knowledge of the
subject she writes about. One little slip in her
account, however, she will, I hope, if she does me
the honour to peruse this note, forgive me (pro-
bably she will feel grateful to me) for pointing out.
Maud's prison was, according to the legend, in the
topmost story of the north-east, not the south-
east, turret of the White or Square Tower, the
turret whence, centuries afterwards, Flamsteed,
the astronomer, made his observations in the
reign of Charles II. The south-east turret is

NOTES AND QUERIES.

X. JULY 18, '96.

square, erected on the roof of the mala building
over the chapel dedicated to St. John the
Evangelist. Miss Aldridge locates her heroine in
this, the south-east turret, but she obviously means
the north-east turret, which is an excrescence on
the main building, and is round, containing, up to
the third story, a circular or newel staircase, giving
access to the several floors. Bayley has no allusion
to the Fitz water legend, and only refers casually,
and very incidentally and generally, to Flamsteed's
subsequent occupation of the chamber ; indeed, I
do not remember that he mentions the astronomer's
location at all. Miss Aldridge's narrative is very
circumstantial, but she in no way connects Maud
or Matilda with Maid Marian, an association which
I opine to be fanciful. In many respects, indeed,
the lady's account differs from that given on p. 18.

NEMO.
Temple.

The account at the last reference is very in-
teresting to me, as I often see at Dogmersfield
Park, the seat of Sir Henry St. John Mildmay, a
portrait on panel of Matilda, which has an inscrip-
tion in one corner of the panel to the effect that
she was murdered at Dunmow Priory by order of
King John. I should be very glad, therefore, if a
discrepancy apparent in the account could be
cleared up. In one part Matilda's father is said
to be the leader of the barons who extorted Magna
Charta from King John, and later on Prince John
is stated to have slain her father before he became
king. H. A. ST. J. M.

"POPULIST" (8 tb S. ir. 507). The Populists
are an organized political party with collectivist
(not Socialistic) aims. Their numbers are not
great, but they are increasing. They eschew con-
nexion with either Democrats or Republicans, and
maintain that no juggling with the currency wili
settle the acute social question. I cannot refer for
information. KICH. HUNTER.

FOOLSCAP (8 th S. ix. 327, 373, 431). Dr
Brewer, in his ' Dictionary of Phrase and Fable,
last edition, states that the water-mark of foolscap
paper was, from the thirteenth to the seventeenth
century, a fool's head, with cap and bells. I do
not know what authority he has for the statement
He gives the usual absurd derivation for the ex
pression, Ital. foglio-capo (folio-sized sheet).

F. C. BIRKBECK TERRY.

The foolscap water-mark appears in the edition
of Rushworth's ' Historical Collections ' printed in
1659. C. M.

Warrington Museum.

DRURT LANE THEATRE (8 th S. ix. 427).
In Hotten's * Slang Dictionary' the persons i-
the upper gallery of a theatre are said to be " u,
amongst the gods," so named from the high posi

ion of that part, and the blue sky generally

minted on the ceiling of the theatre, termed by

he French " paradis."
In the epilogue to David Garrick's dramatic

omance of 'Cymon/ 1767, are the following

nes :

If this fair circle smile, and the gods thunder,
I with this wand will keep the critics under.

'his may be an early use of the expression.
Another will be found in J. and H. Smith,
Rejected Addresses, 1 1812 :

Each one shilling god within reach of a nod is,
And plain are the charms of each gallery goddess.

EVERARD HOME COLEMAN.

71, Brecknock Road.

Your correspondent may be interested to know
,hat the expression " the gods " occurs in the
Spilogue, by George Keate, which follows
D. Garrick's play of Cymon,' first acted in 1767 :
Jf this fair circle smile, and the gods thunder,
I with this wand will keep the critics under.

Of. ' N. & Q.,' 7 th S. x. 349.

F. C. BIRKBECK TERRY.

BANISHMENT OF THE EARL AND COUNTESS OF
SOMERSET (8 th S. viii. 467 ; ix. 19, 151, 351,471).
The following extract from Echard may interest
MRS. SCARLETT :

After the execution of these inferior criminals the
primary murtherers, the Earl of Somerset and his
Countess, were solemnly arraigned before their Peers.

But the Earl and herself being both condemned to

die, found the King's mercy, notwithstanding his former
imprecation, and after eome time of imprisonment in
the Tower were set at liberty and lived in private and

obscure condition They lived long after in the same

house as strangers to each other. Her death happened
first, having all reasonable marks of the vengeance of

Heaven The Earl's death was obscure, without fame

and without posterity."

DUNCAN G. PITCHER, Ool.

G walior, Central India.

ANGELICA CATALANI (8 th S. ii. 485 ; iii. 113,
211, 272). At the first reference, MR. F. ADAMS
wrote that " in speaking of this celebrated canta-
trice, my mother used to tell me that there was a
popular rhyme about her :

Madame Catnlani opens wide her throat,

But to hear her singing I wouldn't give a groat,"

and he proceeded to say that he did not know if
there was any record of this ; and that whatever
explanation his mother gave of it he had forgotten.
This note led to a short discussion, partly with
reference to the throat of the songstress, and partly
with reference to the place of her death ; but no
explanation was given of the origin of the rhyme.
On turning over some old volumes of ' N. & Q.,'
with the intent to find a paper by the REV. J.
PICKFORD on 'Towton Field' (4 th S. vi. 1), my
eye lighted on some verses, on p. 3 of the same
volume, which were written in the late Mr. Vincent

8th 8. X. JOLT 18, '96.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

called " God's hand." It would be interesting to
know if these folk-names survive anywhere in
spoken language. The statement given above is
quoted from Lady Smith's ' Memoir ' of her huff-
band (1832), vol. ii. p. 507. JAMES HOOPER.
Norwich.

ROUGH LEE HALL (8 th S. x. 4). Your corre-

Novello's album by Charles and Mary Lamb.
Miss Lamb's effusion begins :

The reason why my brother 's BO severe,
Vincentio. is my brother has no ear;
And Caradori her mellifluoui throat
Might stretch in vain to make him learn a note.
The last couplet which relates not to Catalani, but
to Caradori is so remarkably like the lines which

MR ADAMS learnt from his mother, that I cannot spondent J. B. S. remarks that he very much
help thinking the latter originated from it. questions whether Malkin Tower ever existed

TT n T 'otherwise than in Ains worth's brain? In G.

Soane's 'Curiosities of Literature/ 1847, it ii
stated, vol. i. p. 209, that

'on Pendle Hill, Clithero, stands Malkin Tower, that
in 1633 was much celebrated as being the resort of
witches ; and at one time seventeen poor wretches were
condemned for having held meetings there with the
devil, though upon subsequent scrutiny the verdict was

W. F. PRIDEAUX.

ARRESTING A DEAD BODY FOE DEBT (8 th S. ix.
241 , 356). The idea that a corpse could be arrested
for debt forms the basis of the curious * Tale of the
Lady Prioress and her three Suitors,' in Lydgate's
Minor Poems,' edited by Halliwell, p. 107.
There is a great deal about the folk-lore aspect of
the subject in " Ghost-thanks, or the Grateful
Unburied, a Mythic Tale in its oldest European
form, Sir Amadace, a Middle - North - English
metrical romance of the thirteenth century. Re-
printed from two texts with an. introduction by
George Stephens " (Cheapinghaven, 1860). Prof.
Stephens suggests that the root of the story is the
narrative in the ' Book of Tobit,' and he gives
references to variants from Scandinavia, Germany,
France, Italy, Russia, Bohemia, and Wallachia.
WILLIAM E, A. AXON.

Moss Side, Manchester.

The following passage, referring to the death of
the great Sir Francis Walsingham, occurs in the
Annual Register':

" After all the services which he performed for his
Queen and country, he gave a remarkable proof at his
death how far he had preferred the public interest to his

be arrested for debt."

CHAS. JAS. ntm

49, Edith Road, West Kensington, W.

set aside and they bad the good fortune to escape the
hangman's clutches."

Cf. also ' The Lancashire Witches of 1612,' pp.
185 ettqq., in ' Lancashire Folk-Lore,' by Messrs.
Harland and Wilkinson, 1882, and pp. 204, 205.
F. C. BIRKBECK TERRY.

Malkin Tower was certainly not an invention of
Ainsworth's it is referred to many times as
Malkyn, Mawking, or Malkin Tower by the wit-
nesses in the famous trial of the Lancashire witches.
The editor of ' Pott's Discoverie of Witches in the
County of Lancaster' (Chetham Society, First
Series, vol. vi.) states that this was the name given
to the habitation of Mother Demdike.

HENRY FISH WICK.

STRAPS (8" 1 S. ix. 468 ; x. 11). A similar
tradition long clung to Le Souer'a bronze equestrian
statue of King Charles I. at Charing Cross. It

sculptor in designing the horse omitted the
girth, or bellyband, and that the accessory was
only supplied when the work was discovered, and
replaced in titu, at the Restoration. This legend
also ran that the artist, on the omission being
pointed out, destroyed himself. No doubt it was

VICTOR HUGO'S ' DESINT^KESSEMENT ' (8* S.
x. 27). In my note I said, "Would that the

great poet could have flashed the light of his I originally intended' to provide the strap in the
genius on the Andes ! So far as I am aware he manner suggested, which I am inclined to think
has not done so." When I wrote this I forgot
the short poem entitled ' Les Raisons du Momo-
tombo' in 'La Legende des Sieves.' Momotombo
appears to be in Nicaragua a volcano, whether
now active or extinct I do not know. It may

was a very common practice with sculptors, more
especially when the work came to be cast in metal.

NEMO.
Temple.

therefore, be considered to belong, though not
strictly, to the great Andes chain.

JONATHAN BOUCHIER.

'DEAD MEN'S FINGBRS": PLANT (8 th S. ix.
387, 449). Sir J. E. Smith, the eminent botanist,
in a supplement to the ' Encyclopaedia Britannica,'
describing the tubers of the palmate orchid?, stated
that they were in pairs, and that the exhausted

Upwards of fifty years ago my father was de-
scribing to me the equestrian statue of William III.
which adorns the market-place at Hull a work of
art which I had not then seen. A very ignorant
man was present on the occasion, who kept a school
at one of the Trent-side villages in the Isle of
Axholme. This person took my father to task for
the want of historical knowledge which he con-
ceived that he showed.

. He said, truly enough,

tuber was known as " the Devil's hand," whereas I that the figure had no stirrups ; therefore he was
the other, destined to blossom next season, was sure it represented William the Conqueror, for

NOTES AND QUERIES. cs* s. x. JOLT is, '

stirrups were not known, so he averred, in the days
of the great Norman, while when William III.
was king they were as commonly used as at the
time when he was speaking. E. PEACOCK.

THE STEAM CARRIAGE FOR COMMON ROADS
(8 th S. T. 24). The use of steam carriages upon
ordinary roads during the last reign was of common
occurrence, and only discontinued on account of
legislative impediments. MR. TINKLER will find
a succinct account of many of these vehicles (in-
cluding those of Hancock, Gurney, Scott Russell,
&c.) in the Journal of the Society of Arts for
August, 1894. R. B.

In the 'Annual Register,' vol. Ixxii. (1830)
p. 84, I find a notice of a steam carriage which
appeared in the neighbourhood of Portland Place,
" and made its way through a crowded passage without
any perceptible impulse. There was neither smoke nor
noise ; there was no external force nor apparent direct-
ing agent: the carriage seemed to move of its own
volition, passing horses without giving them the least
alarm. Five gentlemen and a lady were at their ease as
passengers ; one gentleman directed the moving principle,
and another appeared to sit unconcerned behind, but his
object was ascertained to be the care of fuel and water.
The carriage was lightly and conveniently built, not
larger or heavier than a phaeton. It went without the
least vibration and preserved a balance in the most
complicated movements. The pace varied from five to
twelve miles an hour, according to pleasure."
And in the year 1833 (I think) a Mr. Brown
exhibited an engine worked by gas explosions,
in Leith Walk, Edinburgh. This was reported in
the Edinburgh newspapers of the day.

JAMES GRAHAME.

GOVEKNOR OR GOVERNESS (8 tb S. X. 6).

Albert VII., Archduke of Austria, married Isa-
bella Clara Eugenia, Infanta of Spain, who brought
to him as dowry the sovereignty of the Low
Countries, &c. When Philip IV. of Spain
ascended the throne in 1621 he took from his
aunt the sovereignty of the Low Countries, but
left her the title of " Governess." Her husband
died soon after, whereon she took the veil, though
still retaining the reins of government. She died
at Brussels in 1633, aged sixty-six. Here there is
precedent for the use of the word "Governess"
when a lady holds the post. Before the marriage
of the Infanta to Duke Albert he bad entered the
Church, and was Cardinal Archbishop of Toledo.
But the Pope absolved him from his ecclesiastical
obligations, and next year he married his cousin
the Infanta Isabella Clara Eugenia.

HILDA GAMLIN.

There is a story of a very " correct " clergyman
who, upon the accession of her present Majesty,
prayed for her in the Litany as " our most gracious
Queen and Governess." W. C. B.

FRENCH PRISONERS OF WAR IN ENGLAND (8 th
S. ix. 289, 355, 497). French prisoners of war

were confined, among other places, at Penuecuick,
near Edinburgh, for several years. The paper mill
belonging to the late Mr. Alexander Cowan was
bought by Government as a temporary prison.
Some of the prisoners died during captivity, and
were buried in the neighbouring grounds of Valley-
field, now in possession of Charles W. Cowan, Esq.,
of Loganhouse. After peace was declared the
prison was given up, and reacquired by Mr. Cowan
as a paper mill. Traces of the building having
been used as a prison are found in the existence of
iron bars to windows. The old building is incor-
porated in the existing extensive paper works of
Valleyfield. I believe a register, at least, of the
names of prisoners is in the possession of Mr.
C. W. Cowan. A very handsome monument to
the French prisoners who died in prison was
erected many years ago in the grounds of Valley-
field by the late Mr. Alexander Cowan, at his
private expense. SWAN.

ALDERMAN CORNISH (8 th S. ix. 509). Henry
Cornish, who was executed for high treason
23 October, 1685, is supposed to have been the
grandson of George Cornish, of London, haber-
dasher, who registered a pedigree at the Visitation
of 1634. H. FISHWICK.

AUTHORS OP QUOTATIONS WANTED (8 tto S. ix.
509).

The lines beginning

O Memory thou fond deceiver !

are in a song from the oratorio of ' The Captivity,' by
Goldsmith, and will be found among his " Miscellaneous
Poems." See the Globe edition, p. 687. H. B. P.

The author of the hymn

Since all the downward tracts of time
ia the Rev. James Hervey, A.M., Rector of Weeton
Favell, Northamptonshire (1713-1758). It appears in
his ' Meditations and Contemplations,' in the section
4 Reflections on a Flower Garden/ and is given there as
a free rendering of Juvenal's lines (Satire x. 11. 346-9) :
Permittee ipsis expendere numinibus, quid
Conveniat nobis, rebusque sit utile nostris.
Nam pro jocundis aptissima quaeque dabunt dii ;
Carior est illis homo, quarn sibi.

As the hymn editors have in some cases tampered with
the text (as is their wont), it may be worth while giving
it as it left Hervey's pen :

Since all the downward tracts of time

God's watchful eye surveys ;
! who so wise to choose our lot,
And regulate our ways ?

Since none can doubt his equal love,

Unmeasurably kind;
To his unerring gracious will

Be every wish resign'd.

Good when he gives, supremely good ;

Nor less when he denies;
Ev'n crosses, from his sov'reign hand,

Are blessings in disguise.

A. P. STEVENSON.

[Many replies are acknowledged.]

.X. JULY is, '96.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

NOTES ON BOOKS, &0.

The Anatomy of Melancholy. By Robert Burton.
Edited by the Rev. A. R. Sbilleto, M.A. 3 vols.

IN adding to" the splendid series known as " Bonn's
Standard Library " a scholarly, convenient, and, con-
sidering the price, handsome edition of the immortal
'Anatomy of Melancholy,' Messrs Bell & Sons are
strengthening a set of books which for close on half a
century has been a priceless boon to scholars with lean
purses. About Burton there ia no more to be said.
He rests on his merits ; one of those quaint, humorous,
delightful writers who are the special favourites of
scholars and poets, and he almost consoles us for not
having a Montaigne. Duly, then, we announce the
appearance of a new edition with a capitally edited
text, some very serviceable notes, a brilliant introduction
by Mr. A. H. Bullen, and an excellent reproduction of
the famous Brasenose portrait. Of the series which the
work enriches we may say a little. We know the stir that
its appearance made. The books were the first really
good cheap volumes, and they first aroused in many minds
the ambition to possess books which, so far as historical
and standard works are concerned, c/mld by men of
limited means only be read in libraries. Next year will
be the jubilee of the formation of the series. How are
Messrs. Bell & Sons going to celebrate it] There appear*
to us to be but one way. They must publish a jubilee
edition of some work of importance not yet included in
the series; and such are not easily found. The series
boasts no Chaucer or Spenser, and is not indeed specially
rich in poetry. Editions of the poets are, however,
common enough. Perhaps the publishers might see their
way to reproduce the Rabelais which, at the pestilent
suggestion of meddling and puritanical busybodies, they
suppressed. We, however, merely mention the approach-
ing period. It is for Messrs. Bell & Sons to determine
what form the commemoration will take.

Johnson's Lives of the Poets. Edited by Arthur Waugh

Vols. II., 1 1 1., and IV. (Kegan Paul & Co.)
THE second, third, and fourth volumes have appeared ol
the pretty, well-edited, and useful reprint of Johnson's
' Lives,' the handiest, prettiest, and most convenient shape
in which they have yet been issued. We have dipped
again and again into the lives which are contained iu the
four volumes already published, and always with rene wee
amusement or edification. Dr. Johnson was not char]
when he plensed in his employment of superlatives.
that distinguished poet Smith, for instance, the poctoi
says : " He had a quickness, apprehension, and vivacity
of understanding which," &c. " His wit was prompt and
flowing, yet solid and piercing, his taste delicate, hi
head clear, and his way of expressing his thought
perspicuous and engaging." Concerning the ' Phaedra ' o
this same worthy the Doctor says : " She has certainly [!
made a finer figure under Mr. Smith's conduct upon th
English stage than either Rome or Athens ; and, if sh
excels the Greek and Latin Phaedra, I need not say eh
surpasses the French one, though embellished wit!
whatever regular beauties and moving softness Kacin
himself would give her." Bravo ! Dr. Johnson 1 Her
be, indeed, brave words concerning an insipid adaptation
which on the first night failed to please the public.

Bohemia. By C. Edmund Maurice. (Fisher Unwin.)
THIS new volume of " The Story of the Nations " pro
fesses to give us a history of Bohemia from the earlies
times to the fall of national independence in 1620. 1
would be impossible in one volume of some five hundre

ages to supply a satisfactory account of the rise and
all of the kingdom of Bohemia. Though Bohemia now
orms part of that great conglomerate the Habeburg
Smpire, it has still a language and a history of its own.
Ye doubt whether any Cech would allow tbat the
nationality" is "lost." Mr. Maurice has had a very
fficult task to compress the mass of material at his
ommand into one readable volume. The wearisome
etails of religious quarrels and intrigues are, of neces-
ity, briefly recorded, and much that is picturesque and
rapbic omitted. For instance, the " Defenestration " of
lartinic and Slavata, and the description of the turbulent
cenes on the Hradcin are barely told in a few lines, yet
hey led to the Thirty Years' War. Bohemian history
and literature are not very familiar to English readers.
?he student will not in these pages obtain a vast supply
f information; but to the general reader, who knows
ittle of this ancient and deeply interesting country, this
jook will be of service.

The London Burial Grounds. By Mrs. Basil Holmes.

(Fisher Unwin.)

)EEPLY interested in the work done by the Metropolitan
?ublic Gardens Association, Mrs. Holmes has pursued
diligently, and under conditions calculated to damp
'eminine ardour, her researches into the burying places
ormerly existing in London, and now only with extreme
difficulty, if at all, to be traced. Access has not seldom,
for transparent motives, been denied her. In other
cases little or nothing is to be seen. Undauntedly and
earnestly she has prosecuted her task, and the result is a
volume well written if not too conveniently arranged
aandsomely and profusely illustrated, and likely to make
direct appeal at once to the antiquaries or, as Mrs.
Holmes too often calls them, " the antiquarians " the
lovers of old London, and to those interested as who now
is not 1 in the preservation of open spaces. A certain
pensive interest always attaches itself to the spots where
repose the countless generations that have gone before.
It is an attribute of civilization, indeed, rather than of
barbarism to neglect or desecrate the spots in which
repose the bones of our ancestors. In London ghastly
scenes of profanation of the dead have been teen. Cart-
loads innumerable of bones have been carried from the
spot in which they were originally interred, and great
streets and railways have now removed all thought or
knowledge of local churchyards. All that is likely to
be known concerning these spots is preserved in Mrs.
Holmes's pages. She tells UP, moreover, of the sites-
more numerous than is generally supposed of pest fields
and plague pits; draws our attention to private ceme-
teries, and, indeed, leaves no aspect of the subject
untouched. Appendices give lists of burial-grounds in
existence, of others which have disappeared, and of
churches without burial-grounds but with vaults under-
neath them ; with directions how to lay out a burial-
ground as a garden, and other matters. The book is
indeed a solid contribution to our knowledge of London,
its illustrations adding greatly to its attractions. Its
special purpose is to secure the conversion into gardens
of such disused burial-grounds as are now available for
the purpose. So much that is new does it contain, how-
ever, that no library dealing with London antiquities and
topography can be complete without it.

The Gentleman's Magazine Library. English Topo*
graphy. Part VII. : Leicestershire Monmouthshire.
Edited by F. A. Milne. (Stock.)

WE have on more than one previous occasion drawn
attention to the commendable regularity with which
the volumes of this most useful series make their ap-
pearance. This is no little praiee when we bear in mind
the labour which must attend the preparation for the

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[5 th S. X. JULY 18, '96.

press of each single volume. Although Mr. Gomme an
Mr. Milne have now proceeded as far as Monmouthshire
we detect no falling off in the exactness with which
their work is carried on.

The portion devoted to Leicestershire is very in
teresting. This may be accounted for in more than one
way. Several persons who knew the county well hav<
been possessed of antiquarian tastes, and then Nichols
the historian of the county, on account of his connexion
with the Gentleman's Magazine, may have been the
cause of not a few contributions reaching its pages
which, had it not been for his historic zeal, would neve
have been written.

Though not famed for large towns, Leicestershire has
many sites of historic interest ; but we fear that not i
few of them have, from our point of view, been epoilec
by agricultural improvements. St. Mary, in Arden. the
mother-church of Market Harborough, is described by
a writer of about a third of a century ago as having
once possessed a stately church, which has dwindlec
down to a mere plain room with hardly anything to tell
of the past except a Norman doorway ornamented with
a beak-head moulding. The parochial chapel of Market
Harborough was, we are told, built by John of Gaunt
as a penance in consequence of an injunction laid upon
him by the Pope. John of Gaunt was far from strict
either in morals or theology, besides the times in which
he flourished were unfavourable for the stricter forms
of penetential discipline, especially among the upper
classes. Popes then did not exercise their powers
so sternly as they had done in the reigns of St.
Gregory VII. and Innocent III. We shall, therefore,
require strong evidence ere we accept the story, espe-
cially as, for some reason or another which has never been
satisfactorily explained, his personality seems to have
made so great an impression on the minds of contem-
poraries that vain legends have arisen regarding him in
many widely separated parts of England. The chapel
here is said to have been dedicated to St. Dionysius the
Areopagite. We wonder what evidence there is for
this. It seems more probable that St. Dionysius of
Parifr-commonly called St. Denis is the patron ; but it
must be borne in mind that in the Middle Ages the two
were often confounded. There is, or was in 1811, at
Hinckley a highly curious carved bedstead, on which were
many allegorical subjects, accompanied by Latin mottoes.
If this interesting object be still preserved, it is much
to be desired that it should be represented on a large
scale, so that the more minute details may be shown.

There are a large number of papers relating to Lin-
colnshire, but few of them are of much importance.
When, however, we remember that Lincolnshire, large
as it is, has no county history worthy of the name, we
may be well assured that nearly every one of these
papers will be of interest to those connected with the
county.

A Mr. G. S. Green in 1756 writes to Bay that at Welsh
Bicknor, in Monmouthshire, he had met with in the
church a chalice bearing the date 1176. He was, of
course, mistaken. Probably what he saw was the date
1576, but his account is not very lucid. Does it still
exist, we wonder ; or has it been exchanged for electro-
plate of Gothic pattern ? As usual, the indexes are very
good.

Coins and Medals, their Place in History and Art.
By the Authors of the British Museum Official Cata-
logues. Edited by Stanley Lane-Poole. Third Edition,
Revised. (Stock.)

WE are glad to find that this useful work has already
reached a third edition. On its first appearance we
were afraid that there were too few who took an intel-

ligent interest in coins to make such a book as the
present a saleable article. We are very glad to find
that we have been mistaken. A third edition appearing
in so short a time shows that there are many persons,
beyond the mere collector, who care for numismatics.
We confess that we have very little sympathy for those
who pick up odd coins here and there, stowing
them away in a bag as children do the bright shells
they find on the seashore. The study of coins is very
useful for many purposes. Some are exceedingly beauti-
ful and treasures as works of art. The Greek series,
apart from their beauty and historic interest, are most
important for their symbolism. In them we find an
early instance though not the earliest of that form of
picture writing which afterwards developed into heraldry.
The article by Mr. Charles P. Keary on ' The Coinage
of Christian Europe ' is very much too short, but will, we
imagine, often be turned to, for we have in English
hardly anything relating to the European coinages of
the middle ages, which is, for many reasons, a subject of
great interest. The same gentleman has also contributed
to the work a paper on ' English Coin?,' which we cannot
describe as being anything beyond a mere sketch, such
as would form an excellent article for a magazine, but ia
hardly worth a place on the shelves of the coin collector's
library. Mr. Stanley Lane-Poole, the editor of the volume,
whose knowledge of Oriental matters is unsurpassed, has
written on the coins of Mohammedan dynasties. Hia
paper is full of well-arranged facts. An English book
on the subject entering into detail is much wanted.
Why does not Mr. Lane-Poole give us one? Her
Majesty rules over a larger number of the followers of
the Prophet of Arabia than any other sovereign, yet we,
almost all of us, are quite ignorant regarding the coinages
which have at various times been issued by the children
of Islam.

THE 'Index to the Marriages in the Gentleman's
Magazine, from Jan., 1731, to Dec., 1868,' will shortly
be issued by subscription. Place of marriage and full
details will be given where possible, and in the case of
officers in the army the dates of commissions will be
supplied.

Stoiijtfa 10 jams00totti,

We must call special attention to the following notices:

ON all communications must be written the name and
address of the sender, not necessarily for publication, but
as a guarantee of good faith.

WE cannot undertake to answer queries privately.

To secure insertion of communications correspondents
must observe the following rule. Let each note, query,
or reply be written on a separate slip of paper, with the
signature of the writer and such address as he wishes to
appear. Correspondents who repeat queries are requested
to head the second communication "Duplicate."

W. T. W. The subject is too controversial for our
columns.

CORRIGENDA. S' h S. ix. 509, col. 2, 1. 15, for Matrix"
read Nutrix ; x. 4, col. 1, 1. 21, for "manager" read
manger ; p. 9, col. 2, 1. 29, for " inbound " read is bound.

NOTICE.

Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The
Editor of Notes and Queries ' "Advertisements and
iusiness Letters to "The Publisher "at the Office,
Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C.

We beg leave to state that we decline to return com*
munications which, for any reason, we do not print; and
o this rule we can make no exception.

8U.S.X.JULT1V96.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 67

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NOTES AND QUERIES.

LONDON, SATURDAY, JULY 25, 1896.

CONTENTS. N'239.

NOTES The "Gates" of York, 69 Shakspeariana, 70
Thieves' Candles, 71 Lucifer Matches The Battle of the
Nile Henry Grey, Duke of Suffolk Meals of Our An-
cestors, 72 Thomas Dyche Kev. George Munford
Tbackerayana, 73 The Devil's Plot of Land Literary
Knowledge Blessing Fisheries "Smoker": " Sleeper'
' Diner " Fulwood's Rents, 74.

QUERIES Prince Charles and Mile. Luci ' A Legend of
Reading Abbey 'Gerry Oak Boughs Gordon Manor of
Toley Fee A Washington and Milton Goldings, 75
Soldier's Marriage Heriot and Cowan Hospitals Com-
neni and Napoleon William Warham Timber Trees-
Arms of the Mercers' Company Rider's ' British Merlin '
Source of Quotation" Feer and Flet," 76 Alexander
Carlyle Pompadour Jack Sheppard Tout Family-
Highland Sheep Churchwardens, 77.

KEPLIBS: St. Paul's Churchyard, 77 St. Uncumber
Slayer of Argus, 78 Dorset Dialect St. Sampson, 79
" Bedstaves " Benest and Le Geyt Pedigrees ' Tom
Brown's Schooldays 'Church Briefs, 80 Charr " Flitter-
mouse "Henry Justice Pamela Edward Young. 81
Lead Lettering F. Hobson R. Huish Ku Klux Klan
" Napoleon galeux "Horse Chestnuts Dialect, 82 Metre
of 'In Memoriam 'Margraves of Anspach Eschuid
Dyce Sombre Flags, 83 Games in Churchyards Wind-
mills Salter's 'Waterloo Banquet 'lord John Russell,
84 " Bombellieas " Old Clock Colonist Wheeler's
4 Noted Names 'Pope's Villa, 85 Knights of St. John of
Jerusalem Service Book Family Societies Patriot, 86
S. Blower Rose. 87.

NOTES ON BOOKS : ' New English Dictionary ' Villari's
'Florentine History' 'Naval and Military Trophies,'
Part II. 'Catalogue of Engraved National Portraits'
E. V. B.'s ' Ros Rosarum.'

Notices to Correspondents.

THE "GATES" OF YORK.
To Bay nothing of the present four mediaeval
bars of York, its other two arched openings called
bars, and its two remaining old posterns, the old
northern metropolis has to this day thirty actual
gates either within or immediately without its
faoary limestone walls, and I hare a* record of
twenty-eight more which used to exist. The city
bad at one time just about as many churches as
gates, and the sites of nearly every one can still
be traced. To most people of little or no con-
sequence, to the man of antiquarian taste of great
consequence, it is time that some stand was taken
against the unsuspected gradual diminution of the
gates. One can have nothing whatever to say
against newly-built streets in the suburbs being
called streets ; but the writer thinks there is some
just cause for protest against the modernized gates
being re-signboarded streets or roads. There seems
no reason why York should not be allowed to pre-
serve as much of her ancient character as possible,
and her gates have for centuries been amongst her
most noticeable characteristics. It has been said
that the city had two " streets " only ; at present
she has by far too many. The advent of Sequuh
a few years ago will be remembered by the citizens,
and how amusingly and eruditely he nightly ex-
patiated on his new " finds " concerning the many

gates. It is, therefore, not a little mortifying to
find that the various local nomenclators are dis-
abusing the city of one of her ancient claims,
and so, in one particular, allowing her to fall to
the level of industrial mushroom towns in the
county.

The word " gate " is probably derived from the
Danish gata, a street. Some of these gates are
broad arteries, others intricate viens, while many
are mere capillaries in comparison. And, while
several still retain the names they bore in mediaeval
times, it is not a little strange to find that the prin-
cipal thoroughfare in the city, Coney Street, has
never been called a gate.

Bishopgate, Castlegate, Colliergate, Coppergate,
Davygate, and Feasegate head the list of the
thirty existing gates. Lang with imagined that an
image dedicated to St. Faith had at a remote
period stood in Feasegate. Written S. Fe in old
French, he hence submits that the present spelling
should be Feesgate. Drake, however, supposes
that Feasegate took its name from the Old Eng-
lish " fease " or " feag flagellare," to beat with
rods, and is thereby led to conjecture that
offenders were whipped through this street and
round the market. Allen thinks it probable that
it was originally Feaatgate, from its proximity to
Jubbergate, and, considering the peculiar religious
customs of the people who resided there, he con-
concludes that the Jews from the neighbouring
towns and villages might, at their periodical
feasts held in York, have been accommodated in this
street.

Then we have Fishergate, Fossgate, Friargate,
Gillygate, and Goodramgate all names full of
meaning. The quaint, winding thoroughfare called
Goodramgate is said to have derived its name
from the circumstance of its having, in the time
of Alfred the Great, contained the residence of a
Danish general named Godram, Gotheram, or
Guthrum, who was Deputy- Governor of York.
Following on in alphabetical order, we have Hoi-
gate, Hungate, and Jubbergate. It goes without
saying that Jubbergate was the principal Jew
quarter in the middle ages, and Hargrove speaks
of the remains of several ancient walls on its
north side, which tradition claims to be part of a
Jewish synagogue. In the neighbourhood of Jew-
bury, without the walls, the Jews had their
burial-ground. Then we have Marygate, Mickle-
gate, Minstergate, Monkgate, Neesgate, Newgate,
Ousegate, Petergate, Skeldergate, Spurriergate,
and Stonegate. Formerly the principal street in
the city, Stonegate is, perhaps, still the most pic-
turesque. It derived its name from the tremendous
loads of stone carried through, and no doubt
strewed in it, during the various erections of the
Minster. Here are the most antique houses of
any principal street in the city ; here the old
print, book, picture, and music shops. One of

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[8 lh S. X. JULY 25, '96,

the best specimens is that occupied by Mr. J. W.
Knowles, whose famous mediaeval art works are
behind. Formerly this house was called " At the
Sign of the Bible/' a great place for bibliophiles.
The Bible, bearing a seventeenth-century date, is
carefully preserved by Mr. Knowles.

St. Andrewgate leads to the church of St.
Andrew. The greater part of this edifice still
stands, though it has been for long most woefully
desecrated. No church in York has undergone
stranger mutations. It has been a house of prayer
and praise, then a den for thieves, then a common
brothel, then (part of it) a stable, then a free
grammar school. Following St. Saviourgate comes
Swinegate, which may have taken its name from
the many swine kept here by poor families. It is
always said that the late Sir Joseph Barnby
once a choir boy in the Minster emanated from
Swinegate. As to Walmgate celebrated all
England over for its bar and barbican Drake and
others have supposed it to be a corruption of the
Roman Watlingate. Hargrove considers the name
to be but a corruption of Yallumgate, as being in
proximity to a wall or bulwark. The bulwarks
cited for this accommodation are Walmgate Bar,
Fishergate Bar, and the Eed Tower.

The thirtieth and last of the existing gates is
Whipmawhopmagate surely an interesting ono-
matope. As a street, it is at present a section
of Colliergate, and may be regarded as a street
with only one side, containing simply two shops
a butcher's and a tobacconist's. Henry Brambam,
the tobacconist, preserves the name on his paper
bags, which show that 16, Colliergate and 1, Whip-
mawhopmagate are synonymous addresses. All
old documents show these two houses to be in
Whipmawhopmagate. The original Whipma-
whopmagate was a short, narrow street, formed by
a row of houses which ran in a line with the south
side of Colliergate to the centre of Pavement. The
strange-named gate was very probably the ancient
boundary for the public whipping of delinquents.

Barbergate, Beggargate, and Besyngate head
my list of twenty-eight gates removed or going
under different names. If Besyngate, which occurs
in 1426, really was the alley now called Little
Shambles, it may have signified Beastgate. We
are told that it was afterwards called Gyldgarths.
The Gyldgarths still exist at the end of Little
Shambles as a square enclosure, belonging origin-
ally to the Merchant Butchers' Company. Here
cattle are still penned before slaughtering. Gyld-
garths evidently signifies the garth of the guild,
the former word being ao equivalent in polite
English to a small enclosed place, and the latter
word meaning the Merchant Butchers' Company.
Following once more in alphabetical order are
Bloxamgate, Bretgate, Little Bretgate, Bripgate
(now, of course, Bridge Street), Byrkgate, Carr-
gate, and Girdlergate. This has become Church

Street, a foolish change to make, for many reasons.
Girdlergate was so called from its having been the
general place of residence for the girdlers, who
were formerly so numerous in York as to forca
themselves into a guild. The Merchant Girdlers'
Company was one of those numerous York guilds
of which only two have survived to the present
time. The etymology of Glovergate, Haymanger-
gate, Hertergate, Ispyngate, Jowbretgate, and
Kergate might also be given. That of Ketmangar-
gate is most interesting. The upper part either of
St. Saviourgate or St. Andrewgate was, about
1585, known as Ketmangargate, probably because
it may have at one time been the market for
horseflesh, which was called " ket." Horseflesh i
no more poison now than in olden times; but
before the Conquest it was often eaten deliberately
and ravenously, and there was a particular relish
for the flesh of young foals. After Littlegate we
have High Mangergate, an ancient name for the-
Shambles-wynd, and variously supposed to be>
derived from the French word manger, to eat, and
from the Saxon word mangere, implying trade*.
We then have, finally, Markgate, Nedlergate,
Neutgate, Outergate, Thrusgate, and Watlingate.
The etymology of many of these lost gates is not
far to seek. HARWOOD BRIEKLEY.

SHAKSPEARIANA.
'HAMLET,' I. iii. 36 (8 th S. x. 23).

The dram of eale

Doth all the noble substance of a doubt
To hia own scandal.

To read " base " for eale requires almost the courage
of that prince of emendators, Peter, in Swift's
'Tale of a Tub,' who substituted "broomsticks^
for " silver fringe." A more likely word seems to
me to be eisel (vinegar), for the use of which see-
V. i. 265 and Sonnet CXI. 10. The word was pro-
bably going out of use even in Shakspeare's time, and
may have puzzled the printer. Should not " doubt "
be dout = do out, so spelt at IV. vii. 191. I should
suggest the lines be read as follows :

The dram of eieel

Doth all the noble substance often dout

To his own scandal.

E. S. A.

The dram of eale

Doth all the noble substance of a doubt
To his owne ecandle.

Quarto 2, 1604, D i. bk.

I hoped I had stopped all emendations of eale, by
showing thatQuarto 2 to which we owe eale upelt
"devil" twice deale, in IF. ii. 628:

The spirit that I have scene

May be a deale, and the deale hath power

T' assume a pleasing shape.

Atdeak is "devil," so eale is "evil." "Doth"
means " puts," and " of a doubt " is " into doubt,
into a mess," as one has heard " instead of putting

8 S. X. JOLY 25, 'i

NOTES AND QUERIES.

ft straight, she did it' all of a muddle." The

* Hamlet ' lines need no emendation.

F. J. FORNIVALL.

WINTER'S TALE/ IV. iv. 250.
Clamour your tongues.

This admonition does not convey much meaning to
modern ears. Should it not be " Chamber your
tongues " ? See Udal's translation of Erasmus's

* Apopthegmis,' p. 10 :

Onelesse he chaumbreed his tougue.

E. S. A.

" A BARE BODKIN " (8 th S. ix. 362, 422 ; x. 22).
I hope DR. BREWER does not imagine that he is
singular in "reverence for the dear old bard."
Does he suppose that any sane man would know-
ingly "attempt to amend him"? It is a very
different matter to attempt to " amend," not " him "
but his editors' "emendations" and his printers'
blunders. Shakespeare and Shakespeare's text are
not identical. Would that they always were so !
Would DR. BREWER, in his superstitious reverence
for the text of " the dear old bard " go so far as to
leave untouched "the kind life rendering poli-
tician" in the First Folio text of 'Hamlet,' IV. v. ?

R. M. SPENCE, M.A.
Manse of Arbuthnott, N.B.

TROILUS AND CRESSIDA,' III. iiu (6 th S. xi.
325, 396,475; xii. 313 ; 8 th S. ix. 423 ; x. 22).

One touch of nature.

I much regret to find that eince the date of MR.
SPENCE'S note fresh justification has arisen for his
action in renewing the protest against the very
vulgar error of the misapplication of these hackneyed
word?. Most unfortunately the wide circulation of
Punch was made the means, on 4 July, of sending
them round the world in the conspicuous form of
a motto to the cartoon of the week, with accom-
panying verses. " c One touch of nature,' " I read,
' ' makes the whole world kin,' our Shakspeare
said." This is true, in the same sense that Shak-
epeare also said, " My lord, 'tis I, the early village
cock," a facetious misapplication of which words,
produced in a precisely similar manner, I remember,
illustrated, in a former number of Punch. But
loos of life and exercise of charity are not subjects
that Punch is in the habit of selecting for facetious
treatment, and it is much to be regretted that,
with the whole world of literature to choose from,
a quotation should have been used in a form fit
only for the lips of Punch's Baboo Jamsetjee.

KILUQREW.

I think I have cause to complain that the note
signed by KILLIGREW at the last reference is some-
what discourteous. KILLIOREW might have done
me the justice to believe that, if I had known of
his note in the Sixth Series, I should have had the
common honesty to refer to it. From circum-

stances which I need not explain, I was not a
reader of ( N. & Q.' during the years between 1880
and 1888. In one of those years KILLIGREW'S
note, and the discussion to which he refers as
having followed it, must have appeared. But,
though I now for the first time learn that the sub-
ject has already been discussed, I take leave to
remind KILLIGREW that it is you alone who
have the right to determine whether or not a dis-
cussion has been "exhausted." As to KILLI-
GREW'S remarks on the "full stop " appearing at
the end of my quotation, I think he might have
seen that the " full stop " was purposely inserted
by me in order that the quotation might appear in
its pseudo-form of " popular individuality."

R. M. SPENCE, M.A.
Manse of Arbuthnott, N.B.

SHAKSPEARE'S FIRST FOLIO (8 th S. x. 23).
How many copies there may be with the variation
in Othello,' p. 333 of the " Tragedies," no one
can say ; but there are certainly more than two.
Some five or six years ago I saw one at Sotheby's
auction room. It was a fine tall copy, in old
purple morocco, and quite complete ; but the title
with portrait was rather faint, and had the appear-
ance of having been taken out and washed. This
greatly detracted from its value. Nevertheless, if
I am not mistaken, it sold for 3201. or 3402. I
am quite sure about the peculiar reading in
' Othello,' because it was pointed out to me, and
I yet have the note then made. I have some
recollection, also, of having seen at least one other
described in a bookseller's catalogue, but cannot
remember whose.

No doubt "the mistake was discovered and
corrected"; but it would be singular to discover
the mistake just as they had commenced printing,
and more singular still not to destroy the incorrect
copies, if there were only two or three of them. Is
it not more probable that so considerable a portion
had been worked off that it was considered the
most economical plan to reprint that half-sheet and
cancel the one with the error ? In doing this a
few might easily be overlooked.

I do not see how a "corrected proof-sheet"
could get among the perfect sheets. If I am not
mistaken, it is the custom for printers to take great
care of their proofs, for many reasons, and to refer
to the preceding when they receive a new one ;
and if the earlier one is missed, diligent search has
to be made till it is found, or "ructions " ensue.

If, by unusual carelessness, a marked proof did
get among the sheets, unless the binder was as
careless as the printer, it would have been seen
and thrown out oa " gathering " or " collating."

R. R.

Boston, Lincolnshire.

THIEVES' CANDLES. Some criminals, it would
appear, entertain the horrible creed that the use of

NOTES AND QUERIES. [** s. x. JULY 25, m

a candle made of a murdered man's fat will protect
them from discovery during their depredations.
Actuated by this hideous and insane superstition,
it is averred that two burglars in the district of
Ostrogojsk (Voroneje Government) recently mur-
dered a handsome stalwart young fellow villager
of eighteen, for the sake of his tallow. The story
goes on to state that, having butchered their victim,
these fiends ripped open the body, and tore out
the epiploon, which they put up in a tin box, and
carried home. Next came the melting-down pro-
cess. The men's strange operations aroused the
suspicions of their landlady the more so, as ugly
rumours of the poor young fellow's disappearance
began to circulate and she gave information in the
proper quarter. In conclusion it is mentioned that
the tin box and its contents have been handed to
two well-known professors for examination.

The above circumstantial account is from the St.
Petersburg Novosti and Bourse Gazette of 9th to
21st June, which refers to the Kharlcoff Government
Gazette as its authority. True or not true, the
charge is noteworthy, as bearing upon a very grue-
some piece of thieves' folk-lore or black art.

The curious will find some interesting parti-
culars under the beading 'Men and Candles'
(Adipocere) in the Mirror for 1828 (vol. xi. pp. 1 69,
274), but the above superstition is not mentioned
there. H. E. M.

St. Petersburg.

EARLY LUCIFER MATCHES. It seems almost
unaccountable that so little notice has been taken
of the first stages in the development of these useful
articles. For example, how few are the readers of
*N. & Q.' to whom the following, from Walter
Thornbury's * Old and New London,' vol. i. p. 123,
is not wholly unknown :

"At the east corner of Peterborough Court, Fleet
Street, was one of the earliest shops for the instan-
taneous light apparatus, known as Hertner'a Eupyrion.
These were phosphorus and oxymuriate matches, to be
dipped in sulphuric acid and asbestos, the costly pre-
decessors of our lucifer match."

E. WALFORD.

Ventnor.

THE BATTLE OF THE NILE. One of Phila-
delphia's oldest citizens, whose bounteous hospi-
tality in the "City of Brotherly Love" I have
many time enjoyed, has sent me three engravings
representing scenes in this great naval fight. Each
engraving measures 2 ft. 4 in. by 1 ft. 51 in. They
are dedicated "To the Bight Honourable Admiral
Lord Nelson of the Nile," his officers and his men,
by "Robt. Dodd," who painted and engraved
them. This artist published these engravings at
41, Charing Cross, London, February, 1799 the
actual battle having taken place 1 August in the
year before. There appear to have been four
plates. The first in the series to hand is missing.
No. 2 represents the condition of the fleets at

10 P.M. In the foreground the Bellerophon is in
flames, and the crew are clambering over the bow-
sprit in sore dismay. The British flag is well
displayed everywhere. No. 3 is midnight ; oner
vessel is in the act of blowing up, sails shot through-
are seen at every hand, but no flags are flying.
No. 4 is entitled ' On the Ensuing Morning.' A
ship is in flames nationality uncertain the
British flag floats proudly at every hand; whilst
the Frenchman's lies lowered on four several ships*
My worthy friend says he has had these engravings-
framed for thirty-six years in his home at Phila-
delphia ; but he adds, "they are not appreciated
here," so he sends them to me. Perhaps some
reader can suggest where they might go to be fully
appreciated. HARRY HEMS.

Fair Park, Exeter.

HENRY GREY, DUKE OF SUFFOLK. When I
wrote my letter on the above subject in 8 th S. viiL
286, I overlooked a previous communication from,
the REV. E. M. TOMLINSON, formerly Vicar of Holy
Trinity, Minories (6 th S. xii. 302), in which he-
expresses the view that the head found and still
preserved in that church is not that of the Duke of
Suffolk (father of Lady Jane Grey), executed in
1554, under Queen Mary, but of the Earl of Suf-
folk (Edmund de la Pole), who was beheaded in
the year 1513, in the reign of Henry VIII. This
view seems to have been accepted by DR. SPARROW
SIMPSON (see his letter, on which I commented, 8" 1
S. viii. 242). But the point is still subject to doubt,
Dr. Kinns, the present vicar, considers that the
head may be that of the Duke of Suffolk, from the-
resemblance of the features to those of bis portrait
in the National Portrait Gallery, and also to one at
Hatfield which is engraved in Lodge's * Portraits/
And, in reference to a remark by MR. TOMLINSON,.
he does not think there are marks of two cuts by
the axe of the executioner, but, on the contrary,
one of the vertebrae of the neck seems to have been
cut through at one stroke. Dr. Kinns, I may
remark, is preparing an elaborate work on the
history of this church, in which the matter ip
question will be fully gone into, together with
many other points of interest connected with the
old priory and the present church.

W. T. LYNN.

Blackheath.

MEALS OF OUR ANCESTORS. Some time ago
inquiry was made in ' N. & Q. ' as to the hours afe
which our ancestors took their meals. The follow-
ing abstract of a lecture delivered by Mr. D'Arey
Power at the London Institution will give infoima-
tion on the subject :

"Mr. Power said the old English had three meals
day. of which the chief meal was taken when the work
of the day was finished. The first meal was at 9, dinner
was about 3 o'clock, and supper was taken just before-
bedtime. The Normans dined at the old English break-
fast time or a little later, and supped at 7 P.M. In

8 th S. X. JOLT 25, '96.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

Tudor times the higher classes dined at 11 and supped
at 5, but the merchants seldom took their meals before
12 and 6 o'clock. The chief meals, dinner and supper,
were taken in the hall both by the old English and the
Normans, for the parlour did not come into use until
the reign of Elizabeth. Breakfast did not become a
regular meal until quite lately, and Dr. Murray, in the
' Oxford Dictionary,' gave 1463 as the date of the earliest
quotation in which the word occurred. The meal did
not become recognized until late in the seventeenth cen-
tury, for Pepys habitually took his draught of half a pint
of Rhenish wine or a dram of strong waters in place of
a morning meal. Dinner was always the great meal of
the day, and from the accession of Henry IV. to the
death of Queen Elizabeth the dinners were as sumptuous
and extravagant as any of those now served. Carving
was then a fine art. Each guest brought his own knife
and spoon, for the small fork was not introduced into
England until Thomas Coryate, of Odcombe, published
his 'Crudities' in 1611. Pepys took bis spoon and
fork with him to the Lord Mayor's feast in 1663. The
absence of forks led to much stress being laid upon the
act of washing the hands both before and after meals
and to the rule that the left hand alone should be
dipped into the common dish, the right hand being
occupied with the knife. The perfect dinner at the best
time of English cookery consisted of three courses, each
complete in itself, and terminated by a subtlety or
device, the whole being rounded off with Ypocras, after
which the guests retired into another room, where
pastry, sweetmeats, and fruit were served with the
choicer wines. The English were essentially meat eaters,
and it was not until the time of the Commonwealth that
pudding attained its extraordinary popularity; indeed,
the first mention of pudding in the menus of the
' Buckfeast ' at St. Bartholomew's Hospital did not occur
until 1710, and in 1712 is an item of 5*. for ice."

E. LEATON-BLENKINSOPP.

THOMAS DYCHE. I much regret that in my
notice of this delightful old pedagogue contributed
to Diet. Nat. Biog.' (xvi. 282) I entirely over-
looked the reference to him in Smeeton's * Biog.
Curiosa,' p. 13, where it is recorded that Thomas
Dyche, " schoolmaster to the charity children of
St. Andrew, Holborn, some time before his death
(1719) made a solemn vow not to shift his linen
till the Pretender was seated on the throne."

GORDON GOODVTIN.

THE REV. GEORGE MUNFORD. With reference
to MR. HOLCOMBK INGLEBY'S note at 8 th S. ix.
I am quite familiar with the name of the
Rev. G. Munford, and cannot account for the
misspelling, nor for the far worse error in the same
note by which Mr. Walter Rye is transmogrified
into Mr. Walters !

I adhere to my opinion about Mr. Munford's
mythical Saxons, but am quite prepared to assent
to MR. INGLEBY'S statement that, if Mr. Munford
cannot claim to be a great authority on place-
names, his book yet contains suggestions which
cannot be lightly set aside. As Mr. Munford
finds no place in the ' Dictionary of National Bio-
graphy,' perhaps I may be allowed to put on record
a few particulars about him.

George Munford was born at Great Yarmouth

about 1795, and went to a school at Gorleston
kept by a Mr. Wright. He entered at Magdalen
Hall, Oxford, but, for some reason, took no degree.
His first curacy was at North Walsham, and in
1821 he held a curacy at Lynn, where he married
Anna, eldest daughter of the Rev. Edward Ed-
wards, sometime Fellow of Corpus Christi, Cam-
bridge, and rector of the churchless parish of North
Lynn, but lecturer at St. Margaret's, Lynn.

In 1842 Mr. Edwards obtained, in addition to
the above, the vicarage of East Winch, near Lynn,
and Mr. Munford became his father-in-law's curate.
On the death of Mr. Edwards, in 1849, Mr. Mun-
ford succeeded him as vicar of East Winch.

This living he retained until his death on 17 May,
1871, and a large runic cross marks his burial-
place in East. Winch Churchyard. He left one
son, who is now rector of Swanton Abbot, near
Aylsham, and (for what reason I know not) calls
himself Montford the Rev. E. Edwards Montford.

The Rev. George Munford was the author of :

1. ' An Analysis of the Doomsday Book of the
County of Norfolk,' published in 1858 by J.
Russell Smith, 36, Soho Square, W.

2. ' An Attempt to Ascertain the True Deriva-
tion of the Names of Towns and Villages, and of
Rivers, &c., of the County of Norfolk,' 1870,
commonly called ' Local Names in Norfolk.'

3. ' A List of Flowering Plants found growing
wild in Western Norfolk,' 1841 (forty copies
printed for private circulation). This list was
prepared for the 1864 edition of White's ' Norfolk
Directory.'

Mr. Walter Rye, in his ' Norfolk Topography,'
1881 (preface, p. ix), states that Sir Henry Spel-
man's * Icenia ' was being translated and annotated
by the Rev. G. Munford, but he died before it was
finished.

Mr. Rye adds, " I do not know if the MS. has
been preserved." I have reason to believe that it
remains in the possession of the translator's son
before mentioned. Persons interested in the his-
tory of Norfolk would be glad to see this work in
print, but more, perhaps, for Mr. Munford's notes
than for Spelman's rather superficial little uncom-
pleted essay. * Icenia' occupies pp. 135-162 of
1 Reliquiae Spelmannianse, London, 1723.

I have found Mr. Munford's ' Local Names in
Norfolk ' both useful and interesting, and I trust
this little notice will tend to keep alive the authors
name, and to acquit me of indifference to his
reputation. As to the scientific value of his
etymologies it would be interesting to have the
opinion of such an expert as CANON TAYLOK.

JAMES HOOPER.

Norwich.

THACKERAYANA. The following story was lately
told to me by an American professor. Thackeray, at
the time he was writing ' The Virginians,' was dining

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[8 th 8. X. JULY 25, '96.

one evening with a party of which John Kennedy,
of Baltimore, an American writer of some repute,
I am told, was one. While the evening was still
young Thackeray rose to leave the party, stating as
his excuse that he was under promise to furnish
next day a chapter of ' The Virginians ' which he
had not yet written. The whole company joined
in protesting that he, the life of the party, should
not thus break it up, and John Kennedy added to
his protest the offer to go and write the required
chapter, urging that, as it was to deal with incidents
in a country with which he was personally more
familiar than Thackeray, a mere indication of the
line to be followed would enable him to act as an
efficient substitute. To this proposal Thackeray
ultimately assented. No copy of Thackeray being
at hand, I was unable to obtain the number of
the chapter referred to, which I was told is about
the longest in the novel, and subsequent search
has not led me to an identification. Is this story
known ? And is it true ? If it be true, which is
John Kennedy's chapter ? Readers of N. & Q.'
interested in Thackerayana will be able to explode
the myth, if such it be, and it is well, therefore,
that the story, if it has not hitherto appeared in
print, should now be subjected to the test of criti-
cism. B. B.
Edinburgh.

THE DEVIL'S PLOT OF LAND. The following
passage from Henry F. Chorley's 'Memorials of
Mrs. Hemans,' second edition, 1837, vol. i. p. 56,
is worth transferring to the pages of ' N. & Q.':

" In the villages of Scotland the Devil has a plot of
land set apart to him, which ia never flowered, sown,
or grassed, but devoted to cursing and barrenness."

EDWARD PEACOCK.

LITERARY KNOWLEDGE AT THE END OF THE
NINETEENTH CENTOBT. The following, from the
Echo ' Notes and Queries,' 27 June, deserves to
be preserved in 'N. & Q.':

" Who ia the author of the following, and in which of
his works does it occur ?

Storied windows richly dight,
Casting a dim religious light."

Well may an influential literary paper say,
"Nothing but novels are read nowadays. Other
books may be bought for show, but few are read."

R. R.
Boston, Lincolnshire.

BLESSING THE FISHERIES. The following para-
graph is from the Daily Mail of 6 July ; and as no
report of this '* unique custom " at Folkestone has
appeared in ' N. & Q.' I forward it for insertion
therein :

" Thousands of spectators witnessed the unique
spectacle of the annual blessing of the fisheries, which
took place at Folkestone last evening. A procession, con-
sisting of surpliced choir and clergy, with cross and
banners, left St. Peter's Church, and after making a

detour of the fishing quarter of the town, chanting the
Litany, a position was taken up overlooking the sea.
Here the vicar of the parish gave an appropriate address
and prayers were offered asking a divine blessing on the
fisherman's calling. The service concluded by the sing-
ing of the well-known hymn, ' Eternal Father, strong to

I sent a communication to 'N. & Q.,' which
appeared in 5 th S. viii. 347, showing that this
custom prevailed at Great Yarmouth. Other
correspondents said it was general at Clovelly,
North Devon, and in the Isle of Man. At the
latter place it was customary in the Litany to
insert the phrase "and the produce of the seas"
in the clause in which the blessing of God was
asked upon " the fruits of the earth."

EVERARD HOME COLEMAN.
71, Brecknock Road.

"SMOKER": "SLEEPER": " DINER." Apropos
to tho "kneeler" question, the railway people in
the United States have pretty well established
there the names " smoker " for smoking car, and
"sleeper " for sleeping couch, but on a recent trip
across the American continent I for the first time
heard the dining car called " the diner."

F. J. P.

FULWOOD'S KENTS. (See 8 th S. ix. 385, 454).
At the first of these references is a paragraph, cut
from a provincial newspaper, recording the demo-
lition of the old houses which have been known
for more than three centuries as Fulwood's Bents.
The effacement of any legendary or historical site
in London deserves to be recorded in the columns
of ' N. & Q.' ; but it would be well if the informa-
tion were based on sounder authority than a stray
paragraph in a local print. The extract in question
is misleading in more than one particular. One
mistake has been exposed by MR. HEBB ; another
is to the effect that the original name of the cluster
of buildings which is now in course of demolition
was Fuller's Rents. This is not the case. Chris-
topher Fulwood seems to have been in possession
of the property at the end of the sixteenth century,
and it was after him that it received its name.
Douthwaite, in his 'History of Gray's Inn,' cites
an order of 5 Feb., 1593, under which the Benchers
paid 150Z. to Fulwood " for a parcel of ground in
Holborne for building a gate out of Gray's Inn
into Holborne," and "Jane Fulwood, gentle-
woman, sister unto Christopher Fulwood, Esquire,
out of Fulwood's Rents, was buried the first of
December, 1618" (Register of St. Andrew's, Hoi-
born, quoted by Cunningham, ' Handbook of
London,' 1850, p. 193). Some time in the seven-
teenth century the locality became generally known
as Fuller's Rent?, and under that designation it
frequently figures in the lighter literature of the
period. Good accounts of the place are given in
Wheatley's 'London Past and Present,' ii. 82,
and in Thornbury'a * Old and New London,' ii.

'960

NOTES AND QUERIES.

536 ; and at p. 534 of the latter work will be found
a reproduction of one of the engravings in Archer's
' Vestiges of Old London/ representing an interior
on the ground floor of an old Jacobean house,
which stood about the centre of the east side of
the court. It would be interesting to know the
fate of the fine carved woodwork of this house.
The old red-brick house at the north-west corner,
abutting on Field Court, Gray's Inn, which was
identified by Timbs for whose authority I do not
vouch as Squire's Coffee House, was dismantled
and pulled down in the summer of 1894, and I
presume that shortly there will be nothing left to
remind the passer-by of this picturesque haunt of
riotous frondeurs and impecunious wits.

W. F. PRJDEAUX.
Kingeland, Shrewsbury.

PRINCE CHARLES AND MLLE. Luci. In 1750-
1752 a young lady, spoken of by Prince Charles
as " Mademoiselle Luci," befriended him when in
hiding near Paris. She bought books for him, and
did his "shopping "in general. Who was she?
She bad a married sister, spoken of as "La
Grandemain "; both were very intimate with
Montesquieu. Had the Duchesse d'Aiguillon
(nee Florensac) an unmarried sister 1 Circum-
stances point to Madame de Vasee" (nee De Peze),
but she was fille unique of her father and mother ;
her father may, however, have married twice, and
had a daughter Mile. Luci by another wife.
Mile. Luci died in October, 1752. Can any one
help me as to this Mile. Luci ? I have vainly tried
De Luyne?, D'Argenson, and other writers of
memoirs. A. LANG.

1 A LEGEND or READING ABBEY ': ' THE CAMP
OF REFUGE.' Information is desired as to the
authorship of above. The * Legend ' was issued in
Knight's "Shilling Library" in 1845, and was
stated to be by the author of * The Camp of Re-
fuge.' Any information as to the latter work will
also be acceptable. P. H. T.

GERRY FAMILY. Can any genealogical con-
tributor give me information respecting the Gal-
way family of Gerry ? The mother of Catherine
Vesey, Baroness FitzGerald and Vesey, is de-
scribed thus in Burke's ' Extinct Peerage ': " Mary
Gerry, daughter and coheiress of George Gerry, of
Gal way." This Mary Gerry was the wife of the
Xev. Henry Veaey, Warden of Galway, who died
1774. Burke's 'General Armory' informs me
that the family originated from Lancashire, and

gives the arms thus : Gules, two bars or, each
charged with three mascles az., on a canton of the
last a leopard's head of the second. The arms of
the respective families of Gery, Gerry, Geary, and
Gerre are very similar.

Also, is anything known of the parents of Pierce
Lynch, of Leighcarrow, co. Galway ? He (by his
wife Ellen Butler) was the father of Elizabeth
Lynch, who married William FitzGerald, of
Lahardine, co. Clare ; their son was the Right
Hon. James FitzGerald, who married Catherine,
Baroness FitzGerald and Vesey (creation 1826).
KATHLEEN WARD.

Castle Ward, Downpatrick.

OAK BOUGHS. On 1 August, 1799, George III.
reviewed the volunteers of the county of Kent in
the Mote Park, Maidstone. All the volunteers
wore oak boughs in their hats. The royal
family, on arrival, "requested to have oak
boughs to decorate themselves, which were imme-
diately brought, and the Queen and Princesses
put them in their caps and pinned them to their
bosoms" (Gentleman's Magazine, Ixix. part ii.
p. 703, August, 1799). Query, reason for thia
use of oak boughs ? E. S.

[See 7* 9. xii. 289, 374, 417, 454.]

GORDON FAMILY. I should be obliged if the
readers of *N. & Q.' would furnish me with
information relative to the genealogical tables of
the family of Gordon and its branches published
during the early part of this century.

WILLIAM DOWNING.

Chaucer's Head Library, Birmingham.

MANOR or TOLEY FEE, OR TULEY FEB. I
should be glad if any one could give information
which would enable me to identify this place. The
name occurs in the Yorkshire Feet of Fines, temp.
Eliz., and is mentioned in connexion with several
places in the East Riding of Yorkshire, viz., Great
and Little Driffield, Beswick, Kyllnm, Righton,
and Sureby ; so probably Toley Fee also is in the
East Riding. There is, I believe, a Toly Park in
Leicestershire, but I hardly think this can be the
same place. I have met with a reference to a
Peter Toly, of Drimeld, in a fifteenth century docu-
ment, which seems to make it probable that Toley
Fee is to be looked for about there. Are there
any traces of the place in existence now ?

B. P. S.

41, Park Square, Leeds.

A WASHINGTON AND JOHN MILTON. -Who was
the Washington at Amsterdam who translated Mil-
ton's ' Defence of the People of England,' 1692 ?

A. C. H.

GOLDINQS OF WINCHESTER. Can any of the
readers of ' N. & Q.' kindly give me informa-
tion as to the family of Nicholas GoldiDg, of the

NOTES AND QUERIES.

.X. JOLT 25, . 96 .

City of Winchester, who, about 1634, was married
to Ann, daughter of Edward Sherwood, of East
Hundred, Berks, whose (Ann's) mother was Con-
stance, daughter of William Saunders, of Newbury.
She had a brother Edward Sherwood, who married
Hanna Forster, of London, and another brother,
John Sherwood, who was born 1619. He married
Mary, daughter of Philip Yeates, of Farringdon,
21 March, 1664. JACKSON GOLDING.

Lettermacaward, Straba-ne.

SOLDIER'S MARRIAGE. Can any of your readers
say if the marriage of a soldier whilst abroad with
his regiment, about 1740-5, would be registered,
and also the births of his children. Did not each
regiment keep some sort of a register ; and, if BO,
where will they probably be now ? The particular
regiment I want is the Buffs (East Kent Regi-
ment), the old 3rd Foot. I have tried at the
General Register Office and the War Office.

S;ja. DOBSON.
16, Overatone Road, Hammersmith, W.

HERIOT AND COWAN HOSPITALS. Has a cata-
logue ever been printed, stretching back to the
beginning, giving the names of the teachers and
pupils of these two ancient Scottish institutions,
one of which is located at Edinburgh, the other
being at Stirling ? Did either, as teaching estab-
lishments, at the beginning, or down to present
century, or later, profess to give anything more
than elementary instruction 1 SELPPUC.

** COMNENI AND NAPOLEON I. Is it true that
Napoleon was a descendant of Constantino Com-
nenus, 1676, and therefore of royal descent ?

A. C. H.

WILLIAM WARHAM, ARCHBISHOP OF CANTER-
BURY. I want to know the names of the parents
of William Warham, Archbishop of Canterbury
from 1502 to 1530. WM. JACKSON PIGOTT.

Dundrum, co. Down.

TIMBER TREES. A friend of mine, who is writing
the history of a parish in Kent, has sent me an
extract from a deed relating to a charity in the
early part of this century, in which the term
"timber trees" occurs several times, remarking
that it is a curious expression. I believe that it
refers to growing oak trees, that could be used
for shipbuilding, but am not certain ; so I beg to
ask if any reader of ' N. & Q.' versed in timber
lore can throw any light on the subject.

AYEAHR.

ARMS OF THE MERCERS' COMPANY AT ISLINGTON
A recent query about the " mural memorials'
in Long Acre leads me to ask if anything is known
of the present whereabouts of the old stained glass
which formerly adorned a window in the "Crown
Inn," Lower Street, Islington. A coloured repro
duction of a portion of this window will be founc

n Ellis's ' Campagna of London,' p. 100. The

writer imagined the female head to be a portrait of
Elizabeth of York, the queen of King Henry VII. ;

but there is no doubt that it represented the arms
f the Mercers Company. Nelson, in his ' History
f Islington,' 1811, p. 405, wrote that after the
' Crown" was pulled down, " the original in stained

jlass " was preserved in a window in the house of
. Clifton, apothecary, on the terrace, Lower

Street, and more than thirty years afterwards

Lewis (' History of Islington,' 1842, p. 153) stated
hat, the glass was lately in the possession of the
'ormer owner's son, Nathaniel Clifton, Esq., sur-
eon, of Cross Street. I do not know of a later

reference to it, but should not be surprised to
earn that it is still in existence.

W. F. PRIDEAUX.
Kingsland, Shrewsbury.

RIDER'S 'BRITISH MERLIN.' Will some of
your numerous readers inform me if they know
mything of a little work called ' Rider's British
Merlin,' compiled by Cardanus Rider, and pub-
ished by R. Nutt, 1757 ? Was it an annual pub-
ication ; or was this the only year in which it
appeared ? The copy which is before me has an
nteresting history attached to it, if it is true.
Some years ago an "ambassador of commerce"
was travelling through a desolate portion of the
south island of New Zealand, when he met a
* swagger " who had come to the end of his re-
sources, and begged for charity's sake some money,
offering in exchange the only possession he had,
the little volume whose title I have given above.
The " swagger " stated that this was an heirloom
in his family, and had been presented by Capt.
Cook to his grandfather, who had been an officer
in one of Cook's voyages to the South Seas. The
book is beautifully bound in old red morocco,
elaborately tooled in gold with figures of birds,
insects, and flowers. It has silver clasps, which
close by means of a long, thin needle of lead (?)
with a silver top. The work is interleaved with
blank pages, some of them smeared with a white
composition upon which the marks made by the
lead needle appear distinctly.

ALEX. H. TURNBULL.

SOURCE OF QUOTATION WANTED. " c He who
is catching at a crown will not fish for gudgeons,'
as Cleopatra once said to Mark Antony." Some-
thing approximate to this, not necessarily the
exact words. Could any references be traced in
English plays or other sources ? S. T. S.

" FEER AND FLET." What was this ? In 1429
Avice, widow of Wm. Opwyk, surrendered a
cottage in Bury Street. Fulham, to Robert Eyre,
on condition that she should have for her life
her dwelling house at the east end of the house
called "ferehous," with " feer and flet " in the
same, and part of the herbs growing in the cur-

8<" 8. X. JOLT 25, '96.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

tilage, with free ingress and egress towards the
same when she pleased. I suppose ferehous =
ferry-house. CHAS. JAS, FERET.

49, Edith Road, West Kensington.

ALEXANDER CARLTLE, D.D., 1722-1805.
John Hill Burton, who edited, in 1860, the well-
known * Autobiography ' of this Scottish divine
the Jupiter Carlyle of Sir Walter Scott mentions
somewhere a collection of papers, letters, &c., left
by Carlyle. Were they ever deposited at any
public institution ? SELPPUC.

POMPADOUR. As is generally known, pompa-
dour, as a colour, is a sort of dark claret purple,
and the 56th Foot is called the " Pompadours,"
from their claret facings ; but whence is this name
for the colour derived ? Isabelle colour has, I
believe, already been discussed in ' N. & Q.'

JAMES HOOPER.

JACK SHEPPARD. Can you inform me where
the portrait of Jack Sheppard (painted by Sir
James Thornhill in 1722 for George T.) is at
present? WILLIAM HOLLES.

TOUT FAMILY. Will some one give me any kind
of information relating to the Tout family ? John
Tout migrated from East Halton to Barnoldby-le-
Beck, Lincolnshire, somewhere about a century
ago. Had the aforesaid John any brothers? Is
the name known in Yorkshire as a surname ? Is
anything known as to the origin of our singular
name ? C. GARDNER (ne TOUT).

47, Chichester Road, Leytonstone, B.

SHEEP OF THE OLD HIGHLAND BREED.
Before 1750 there existed a small species of sheep
in the Highlands, having white or reddish faces,
but so delicate that they required to be housed in
the winter. They had very fine wool, and their
mutton was very sweet. Had this old breed of
native sheep any distinctive name ? Is the breed
now totally extinct ? Seeing that these sheep
were regarded as such tender animals that they
could not be left in winter in the open air, and, it
is said, could not defend themselves and their
young from foxes and golden eagles, was it a
native breed ? I shall be glad of references should
this breed be noticed by any of the early travellers
an the Highlands. R. HEDGER WALLACE.

CHURCHWARDENS. The parish of Wingham
appoints both the churchwardens at a vestry
meeting, BO that both are people's wardens. Is
this common ? The reason given is that since the
ollege was suppressed, in 1547, there had only
been a perpetual curate, who cannot appoint a
churchwarden. Is this legally true ? as many per-
petual curacies existed. Owing to the custom, it
is said the vicar cannot now appoint.

ARTHUR HUSSET.
Wingham, Kent.

ST. PAUL'S CHURCHYARD.
(8"> S. x. 8.)

It is not difficult to reply to PROF. ATTWELL'S
two queries. So early as the fourteenth century the
sect of Church reformers, then known as Lollards,
conceived that the title of " Saint" savoured of
papistry, and discontinued prefixing it to the
names of those deceased individuals whom the
Church had authoritatively designated as having
been exemplarily holy in their lives, and there-
fore entitled to special veneration after death.
At the date given by Colville, 1526, the soi
disant reformers, not yet known as Protestants,
had generally abandoned the use of the eccle-
siastically official title.

In the succeeding reign (Elizabeth) these
Gospellers, from a reputed austerity in mode of
life, came to be known as Precisians, more fre-
quently called Puritans.* Thus we find the court
favourite Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, popu-
larly reputed to be a Puritan, or a favourer of the
Puritan the Precisian sect. This body adopted
even more strictly the usuage, or non-usage, in
this respect of their precursors, the Lollards.

During the great Civil War the Low Church
party to use a convenient designation followed
the earlier innovators in reprobating the custom
of affixing the canonical title, which the High
Church the Cavalier section of the community
as stubbornly declined to ignore. Is not PROF.
ATTWELL acquainted with the charming story in
the Spectator of Sir Roger de Coverley's experi-
ence in his youth when the war between king and
Parliament was raging? How, inquiring for
St. Anne's Lane, to which he had been directed,
a sour-visaged Precisian angrily asked him, Who
made Anne a saint ? and, denouncing the lad as
a malignant Prelatist, refused to assist him in his
search ; and how the youth to accommodate his
locution to the tone of the time asked the next
wayfarer he happened to meet where Anne's Lane
was, receiving for reply a hearty curse, for a prick-
eared cur, and the information that St. Anne was
a saint before the juvenile inquirer was born, and
would continue to be known and venerated aa
such long after be was hanged ; but not obtaining
the information he sought ?

For the next hundred years the habit of drop-
ping the prefix continued general, spreading from
the lower to all orders of society. This covers
the time of Pope. I opine that the increasing
attention given to Church matters during the
latter part of the eighteenth century led to the
popular recognition, and hence reintroduction, of
the canonical designation.

* See Shakespeare's ' Twelfth Night,' passim.

NOTES AND QUERIES. [8-s.x.juLT 25/86.

On the subject occupying the remainder of
your correspondent's communication I do not
profess myself competent to offer any useful com-
ment. NBMO.

Temple.

PROF. ATTWBLL asks why in the above combina-
tion the emphasis falls on the second syllable of
"churchyard," whereas if that word is taken
alone it falls upon the first. I beg to refer him
to a letter of mine at 8 kt> S. vii. 235. Therein I
explained a perfectly parallel case, which had
puzzled another correspondent viz., that while
the name Carlisle is accented on the last syllable,
yet in the phrase Carlisle Wall it is stressed on
the first. The reasons for both phenomena are
rythmical. Two strong accents cannot well come
together, hence when Paul's clashes with Church
the latter gives up its own stress, and when Car-
lisle is placed in front of Wall it throws back its
accent to the first syllable. JAS. PLATT, Jan.

Probably much earlier instances of Paul's
Churchyard (without the "St.") than the one
given by PROF. ATTWELL might be found. Here
are two that are somewhat earlier. The colophon
of ' The late Expedition in Scotland/ printed by
Reynold Wolf in 1544, runs : " Imprinted at
London in Paul's Church yard," &c. In the
account of the coronation of Queen Anne (Boleyn),
printed by Wynkyn de Worde in 1533, there
occurs the sentence: "And so her Grace passed
forth into Paul's Churchyard." Both these
instances I take from Mr. Arber's * English
Garner.'

So far as my experience goes the last syllable
of " churchyard " is accented in popular speech,
not the first. Literary usage varies. Kingsley
wrote,

And the baby in his cradle in the churchyard ;
Longfellow,

In the village churchyard she lies.
" Bird's-nest " I always hear accented on the last
syllable. So, too, with " beef-tea," " bee's- wax,"
and scores of similar words which the dictionaries
say ought to be accented on the first.

C. C. B.

An earlier instance of the omission of "St."
than that quoted is in 'The Castell of Pleasure/
which was " Enprynted in poules churcbayrde at
the sygne of the Trynyte by me Hary Pepwell in
the yere of our lorde M.ccccc.xviij." A Donatus
printed by Philip de Cowlance at Paris in 1515
bears in its imprint, " Et in cymiterio sancti Pauli
ad signura sancte Katerine vel diue trinitatis."
HARRY G. ALDIS.

ST. UNCUMBER (8 ttt S. x. 24). This useful
saint is also known as Wilgefortis, Liberata,
Eutropia, and Gehulf. A sixteenth century statue

of her is to be seen in St. Etienne's church ab
Beauvais, near the west end of the south wall*
In his * Lives of the Saints/ sub 20 July, Baring-
Gould translates a passage from Cahiet's ' Carac-
teristiques des Saints,' which suggests an origin
for the peculiar appendages of the holy maiden
other than that suspected by Lina Eckenstein :

" For my part I am inclined to think that the crown,.
beard, gown, and cross which are regarded as the
attributes of this miraculous virgin, are only a pious
devotion to the celebrated crucifix of Lucca, somewhat
gone astray. It is known that devotion to this image of
Jesus Christ crucified was widely extended in the twelfth
century; so that the favourite oath by William Rufus,
king of England, was ' By the sacred face of Lucca.'
Now tbia famous crucifix, like many others of the same
period, was completely dressed and crowned. In course
of time, the long gown caused it to be thought that the
figure was that of a woman and the beard caused her to
be called Vierge- forte. Let us add that the crucifix of
Lucca wa* shod in silver, to obviate the deterioration
caused by the kissing of the feet by pilgrims. This also has
turned to the glorification of S. Wilgefortis. For it is
said that a poor minstrel one day played an air under
the statue of the Saint and was recompensed by he
giving him one of her rich shoes."

ST. SWITHIN.

A similar figure is to be seen in the church of
St. Stephen at Beauvais, on the wall (if I remember
right) of the south aisle, towards the west end. It
is described in Joanne's 'Geographic de TGise"
(p. 44) as "une sainte Wilgeforte ou Milforte
(vierge crucifiee et represented avec une barbe
e'paisse) qui p*rait n'etre autre chose qu'un crucifix
duXIlsiecle." C. C. J. W.

This saint is mentioned in ' The Four P. P./
circa 1540, Dodsley's 'Gld English Plays,' ed.
Hazlitt, vol. i. pp. 333-4 :

Then at the Rhodes also I was ;

And round about to Amias.

At St. Uncumber and St. Trunnion ;

At St. Botolph and St. Anne of Buxton.

Respecting this saint Hazlitt refers to 'Popular
Antiquities of Great Britain/ ii. 136.

F. C. BIRKBECK TERRY.

This is a very old acquaintance of ' N. & Q. f
See I 8t S. ii. 381 ; iii. 404 ; 2 nd S. ix. 164 (where
there is a valuable editorial note), 274 ; 4 tb S. vi.
559. W. F. PRIDEATJX.

(8 th S. ix. 344). There is classical
authority for tne common origin of 'ApyciV^d vrrjs*
Apollodorus, ' Biblioth./ 1. ii. c. i. 1, 3, Goetting.,
1782, vol. i. p. 79, has :

AIOS 8e 7riTaai/TOS 'E/3/r^ xAe^at rrjv /3ovv f
jj.r)VV<TavTO<s 'lepaKos, eTretSv) XaOtlv OVK rjS
/2aAwv aTreKTeive rov "Apyov, oOtv '

Apollodorus fl. circ. A.D. 140. His 'Biblio-
theca ' is one of the best works of this sort.

MR. SPENCE observes that the new translators

8> S. X. JOLI 25, ' 6.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

have not given the source of their version of the
term. But they might have referred to Hesychius
(1 circ. A.D. 380), 'Lex.,' .v., a reference which
MR. SPENCE, in his proposal, almost anticipates.
Hesychius is in his favour in questioning the
meaning. I have in use tho " ed. Minor" of
M. Schmidt, Jen., 1862. In the text it is :

'Apyci^ovT^s' o f EppJ9 r; o upyos <f>6vov
ij V "Apyei TT/OWTOV 7r</>7/vctJS. rj Karapywv TOVS

In the note, apparently from the variations in
the larger edition, there is :

8' av tirj CTTI (eiTry ircpT) TOV 6eov ravra' Sia rrjv
TWV oVo/AaT(ov TO Ta^ecus, Sia Se -nyi/
TO o*a<

MR. SPENCE in his conjecture has, therefore,
the support or so ancient an authority in etymo-
logy. In respect of the fate of etymological guesses
in ' N. & Q.' from time to time, he may well
receive congratulation upon his success. In my
Liddell and Scott, I860, I see no reference to this
variation of meaning as it appears in Hesychius,
although there is mention of apyrjs as a serpent.
I am not aware how it is in the new Paris
Stephens.

There is more respecting the various words in
Hesychius, but I only notice further in reference
to the above :

'Apyv}i> 7T<vev (trag. adesp. fr. 163) 6<f>w

<?OTl 8 7T10TOV 8paKOVTOS.

ED. MARSHALL.

Your correspondent may, perhaps, not object to
know that this epithet of Hermes may be trans-
lated " clear - shining." Dr. G. Autenrieth's
* Homeric Dictionary,' translated by R. P. Keep,
Ph.D., 1877, has, " 'Apye'i-ijtovTYjs (apyei, instr.,
</'av, clear-shining), epuh. of 'Ep/r^s, swift mes-
senger, a popular (mistaken) etymology seems to
have been the origin of the myth of the Argos-
slayer."

Mr. Arthur Sidgwick, in his ' Homer's Iliad,'
Bks. i., ii., 1877, Macmillan, remarks upon the
word (p. 140), " Probably from apy-, bright, which
appears in apyos, apyvpos, and <j>av-, 'bright-
shining.' The later story, how Hermes slew Argos,
the hundred-eyed, whom the jealous Here had set
to watch lo, beloved of Zeus, was certainly un-
known to Homer, and perhaps grew out of a
misunderstanding of this adjective."

Chapman uses " Argicides " in his ' Fifth Book
of Homer's Odysseys' :

Thus charged he; nor Argicides denied,
But to hit feet his fair vring'd shoes be tied.

F. C. BIRKBECK TERRY.
Palgrave, Dies.

DORSET DIALECT (8 tb S. viii. 285, 377, 411,
458, 475). The village of Beer is itself interesting
enough. Enclosed by hills, its single street of old,
mostly thatched, houses, ends, some height above
the sea, in a small cliff-bounded bay. Down it
courses the water supply, an open stream with so
steep a fall that the water rises into pipes at inter-
vals, which open at a convenient height for pails.
These are contained in old square stone pillars,
about six feet high and two and a half wide, sur-
mounted by an incurved apex. But a greater
interest for the readers of ' N. & Q.' (if not already
discussed) is in the statement that the inhabitants
present a foreign cast of feature, which is accounted
for by the following story. Some centuries ago
the men were all killed in one of the civil wars.
Just afterwards a foreign ship (I think French)
was wrecked in the bay. The sailors got on shore,
and, finding a village of women, stayed there.
Hence the alleged foreign characteristics. I heard
the story in connexion with a case of disease of
curiously foreign type, but not of weight as regards
the question. No doubt the story is somewhere
in print. The way in which the village is shut in
makes it less improbable than it would otherwise
be, especially since of old, when Seaton was not,
the now decayed Axmouth would be separated by
the river. It would be interesting to know the
facts regarding the physical features of the inha-
bitants, and also if modified foreign names or cus-
toms can be traced. W. R. GOWERS.

In answer to MR. GILDERSOME-DICKINSON'S
query, I may say that the word rare is still used
in the rural districts of Dorset as signifying and,
indeed, is but another form of the farrow, or
litter of pigs. According to Barnes's ' Glossary '
(ed. 1863) it is also used as a verb = to farrow.
Mr. Barnes gives the derivation from the A.-S.
/orw = a family or generation (s. v. " Veare "). Of
the other names given by your correspondent,
harms (from the Dutch haam) is used with refer-
ence to the pieces of wood put on the collar of a
horse with staples to take the traces. But this i*
a different sense from that given, I think, in the
extract from the ' Commissioners' Inquisitions.'
(See 'Glossary,' *. v. " Htames.")

J. S. UDAL.
Fiji.

ST. SAMPSON (8 th S. viii. 427 ; ix. 16). He is
said to have been a son of AQQWD, an American,
who came over to Gwent at the Frankish invasion
of Gaul. He married Anna, daughter of Meurig
ap Tewdrig, King of Gwent, then living at Caer-
went, probably. The two sons by this marriage
were Samson and Tathan, the latter head of the
school at Caerwent, and better known as St.
Athan. Amwn's brother, Umbrafe), married
Afrella, another daughter of King Menrig, and by
her was father of St. Maglorius. I omit the "it

NOTES AND QUERIES. [8s,x. JULY 25/95.

is said," " it is supposed," &c., which must be under-
stood in all these statements.. Amwn may have
been a brother or cousin of King Hoel II., who
was a refugee from Armorica to Caerwent. One
of his, Hoel's, uncles was Amwn Ddu, father of
St. Tydecho, who gave name to Tythegston.

T. W.
Aston Clinton.

" BEDSTAVES " (8 th S. ix. 304). I am very much
inclined to think, in spite of all that has been said
to the contrary, that Dr. Johnson's explanation is
right, after all, when he defines a bedstaff as " A
wooden pin stuck anciently on sides of the bed-
stead to hold the clothes from slipping on either
side." A few months ago I met with the follow-
ing passage, which certainly seems to corroborate
what Dr. Johnson has said :
There with my mother earth, I thought it fit
To lodge, and yet no incest did commit :
My bed was curtained with good wholesome airs,
And being weary, 1 went up no stairs :
The sky my canopy, bright Phcebe shined,
Sweet bawling Zephyrus breathed gentle wind ;
In heaven's star-chamber I did lodge that night,
Ten thousand stars me to my bed did light ;
There barricadoed with a bank lay we
Below the lofty branches of a tree,
There my bed-fellows and companions were,
My man, my horse, a bull, four cows, two steer :
But yet for all this most confused rout,
We had no bedstaves, yet we fell not out.
Thus nature, like an ancient free upholster,
Did furnish us with bedstead, bed and bolster ;
And the kind skies, (for which high heaven be thanked,)
Allowed us a large covering and a blanket.

John Taylor's ' Pennyless Pilgrimage,' 1618.

This allusion seems plain enough.

F. C. BIRKBECK TERRY.

A kindred word is bedpost. One of the mean-
ings of this seems to have escaped notice in the
* New English Dictionary.' It was used for the
leg of the bedstead as well as for the support oi
the canopy :

"Adams deposited his carcase on the bedpost, a

place which that good woman [Mrs. Adams] had always
assigned him." ' Joseph Andrews,' bk. iv. ch. xiv.

EDWARD H. MARSHALL, M.A.
Hastings.

BENEST AND LE GEYT PEDIGREES (8 th S. ix.
267). If MR. BERNAU will communicate with
me, I can furnish him with a pedigree of the Le
Oeyt family, taken from the Jersey Public Records
and running back to the marriage of John Le
Oeyt with Alicis Le Mallier in 1480.

DUNCAN G. PITCHER, Col.

Gwalior, Central India.

'Ton BROWN'S SCHOOLDAYS': COACHING
SONG (8 th S. vii. 8 ; ix. 515). The song, which
is not quoted quite correctly, contains four mor
verses than those given, and is to be found in ;
collection of ' Hunting Songs ' by B. E. Egerton

Warburton, published by Pickering. My copy
s the fifth edition, 1873. The " whips" men-
ioned are Mr. John Harrison, of Shelswell Park ;

Sir Henry Peyton, of Swift's House, both in
Oxfordshire ; and Mr. John Warde, of Squerries,
ent to whom the quotation from Goldsmith is
ertainly not applicable, as the present Mr.
larrison, of Shelswell, and Sir Algernon Peyton,
f Swift's House, whose coaches and teams may
e seen constantly in the neighbourhood of
Sicester, are country gentlemen actively perform-
ng the duties of their station, while the present

Col. Warde, of Squerries, is M.P. for Mid Kent.
Ford " is the late Mr. Charles Ford, of Abbey-
ield, Cheshire, at one time Master of the Cheshire
iotmds; and " the Lancashire Lord " is the second
Sari of Sefton, grandfather of the present peer.

The song was written in 1834. F. D. H.

" Peyton " is doubtless Sir Henry Peyton, third
baronet, who died 24 February, 1854, aged seventy-
r our, of whom the * Annual Register,' in his
obituary, speaks as being " best known in London
as a member of the old Four-in-Hand Club," and
as being, " with the exception of another Cam-
Dridgeshire baronet [doubtless Sir St. Vincent
Cotton, sixth baronet, of Madingley Hall, co.
Cambridge, well known on the Brighton road,
who died 25 January, 1863, aged sixty-one], con-
sidered the first amateur whip in England. As
to " the Lancashire Lord," he, not improbably,
s the late (the third) Earl of Sefton, who died
2 August, 1855, in his sixtieth year.

G. E. C.

"Peyton." This is the name of Sir Henry
Peyton, Bart., of Swift's House, near Bicester,
a noted whip. " Harrison" may, perhaps, be his
neighbour at Shelswell Park. If this is so, the
son, E. Slater Harrison, Esq., of the Park, is an
eminent representative of the family in this cha-
racter. ED. MARSHALL.

I think "the Lancashire Lord " commemorated
in the stanzas quoted by MR. BOUCHIER was the
late Earl of Sefton, who was celebrated in his day
as a whip. E. WALFORD.

Ventnor.

CHURCH BRIEFS : THE PHILIPPEN COLONY
(8 th S. ix. 421). The interesting note on this brief
led me to refer to the long list of briefs collected
in Ryton Church, in the county and diocese of
Durham.

The collection for the Philippen Colony was
made on 16 Sept., 1764, and realized 5s.

A collection was made under another brief,
referred to in the note, that for " the Colleges of
Philadelphia and New York in America."

In this case the estimate was 12,000?., and the
collection was made from house to house on May 9,
10, 11, and 12, 1762, and amounted to 51 13s.

8*f?.X.JtJI,Y25,'96.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

The only other brief that I can find a record
of for the needs of the colonies was one received
here on Oct. 26, 1766, to meet an estimated loss of
87,580Z. 8s. 10d., caused by fire at Montreal, in the
province of Quebec. In this case a collection was
made from house to house on May 11, 12, and 14,
1767, producing 21. 4s. Id.

Other briefs in aid of foreign objects found in
our list are :

1739. Bobig Villar in Valley of Luzerne in Piedmont.
Loss by Inundation, &c., 4,354J. From House to House
AUK" 12th, 61. Ss. 6jrf.

1759. Hagen Church in Westphalia to be collected
from House to House. Charge 3,1001. Rec d May 22nd.
Read March 9th. Collected Mar. 10th, llth, 12th, and
13th, 1760,6^.55. 6R

1762. JSaarbruck School and Church in Germany.
Charge 2,7321. from House to House. Rec d May 26th.
Read Nov. 14th. Coll d Nov. 15th, 16th, 17th, and 18tb,
21. 9s. id.

1768. Vaudois Protestants in y e Vallies of Piedmont
and Dutchy of Savoy from House to House. Rec d
May 8th. Coll d Aug. 15th, 16tb, an/1 17th, 3*. Is. 9d.

Can any correspondent give an account of the
special circumstances under which these briefs were
granted ? JOHNSON BAILT.

Ryton Rectory.

CHARR IN WINDERMERE AND CONISTON LAKES
(8" S. ii. 124 ; ix. 227, 278). Whilst thanking
MR. TERRY and MR. COLEMAN for their kindness,
I venture to attempt placing myself deeper in the
debt of * N. & Q.' Can any correspondent give me
the extract in Camden's ' Britannia ' which Hol-
land translated in reference to this fish, on p. 754
of his edition ? There does not seem to be a copy
of the work in this district. Of course the earlier
the date the better; if I could choose, I should say
the first edition in which the passage appears. But
as I do not know, possibly the safe side will be any
edition up to and including that of 1594.

S. L. PETTY.

Ulverston.

"FLITTERMODSE" = BAT (8 th S. ix. 348, 476;
x. 18). I am obliged to correspondents and to
the Editor for the quotations from Ben Jonson,
<&c., that they have given me illustrative of the use
of this word ; but I am surprised that MR. MICHAEL
F. Cox should say, "Tennyson's employment of
the word seems to have been so far unnoticed." If
MR. Cox will kindly look at my note at the first
reference he will see that I began with these words :
_ Dees any one know of an instance of the use of
his word in poetry other than in Tennyson's
^ Voyage of Maeldune ' ? " I then quoted the line
in which tlittermouse occurs.

JONATHAN BOUCHIER.

HENRY JUSTICE (8* h S. ix. 368). ' N. & Q.'
bas already furnished reference to the very lengthy
report of the trial on 8 May, 1736, given in the
sessions paper of the trials at the Central Criminal

Court for the year 1735-6, p. 110, and of his being
sentenced to transportation to some of His
Majesty's plantations in America for seven years.
Particulars are also given of his father, wife, son,
and daughter.

The Cambridge Chronicle of 22 Oct., 1763, con-
tains the following paragraph :

" Lately died at the Hague, one Mr. Justice, who
was some years ago transported for stealing of books
belonging to the Public Library of this University."

See ' N. & Q.,' 2 nd S. ii. 413, 514 ; v. 394, 487 ;
and Hone's ' Everyday Book, 1 ii. 651.

EVERARD HOME COLEMAN.

71, Brecknock Road.

PAMELA (8"> S. vi. 468, 513 ; vii. 37, 91, 194,
256, 330, 477). The testimony of an eye-witness
is naturally of moro reliability than that of a con-
scientious writer of a later generation, and one
who was present at the funeral of Lady E. Fitz-
gerald has left a few interesting lines. He says
that after her divorce from Mr. Pitcairn, in 1812,
she went to Paris, then to Montauban, for warmer
climate. While in these rural scenes she garbed
herself as a shepherdess, and went about with a
crook, in imitation of one of the tales by Mar-
montel, 'La Bergere des Alpes. 1 "But," using
the writer's own words,

" this wayward fancy yielded to the stirring movement
of the French Revolution the glorious days of 1830,
when she returned to the capital, and there died at the
Hotel du Danube, Rue de la Sourdiere, in November the
following year. The religious ceremony was performed
in the Church of St. Roch, after which I witnessed the
funeral procession, but do not recollect that it was
attended by the royal carriages, as 1 had seen at the
obsequies of Madame de Oenlis six months before. All
the expenses, however, for the interment were defrayed
by the King; for the thoughtless Pamela, little sub-
missive in principle or practice to the dictates of pru-
dencethe creature of impulse rather than the pupil of
reason though in the enjoyment of 5001. income, was
not found possessed of one ehilling at her decease.
Among the mourners on the occasion Talleyrand was
remarked. She was then about fifty- five years of age.
Lord E. Fitzgerald had been fifteen years her senior. 1 '

The celebrated Ladies of Llangollen had over
their drawing-room fireplace, in one frame, minia-
tures of Madame de Genlie, Lady E. Fitzgerald,
and Louis Philippe, and a drawing of flowers by
M. de Genlis. HILDA GAMLIN.

Birkenhead.

EDWARD YOUNG, THE POET (8 th S. ix. 488).
'an E. W. D. give the locality of the Walling-
ton he mentions? I am a great-great-grandson
of a Henry Bell, of Wallington, Norfolk, who died
n 1753, aged fifty-one, and am conversant with
the family pedigree (going back to Sir Robert
Bsll, Knt., L.C.B. of the Exchequer and Speaker
of the Commons in 14 Elizabeth); but, so far as I
jnow, the Henry Bell above mentioned had but
wo daughters, neither of whom married a Frederic
Young. It is, of course, possible that there was

NOTES AND QUERIES. cs s. x. JULY 25/96.

in 1765 some other family of Bell of some other
WalliDgton ; but, if so, it would be a curious
coincidence. E. W. D. can, if he pleases, write to
me direct. JOHN H. JOSSELTN.

Ipswich.

LEAD LETTERING ON SEPULCHRAL MONUMENTS
(8 th S. ix. 425 ; x. 10). Is not the earliest refer-
ence to this mode of inscribing on stone to be
found in the words of Job (chap. xix. 24) : " Oh
that my words were graven with an iron pen and
lead in the rock for ever " ? If this, the render-
ing of the text in the A.V., is correct, it proves the
practice to be as old as civilization. I know the
words are not understood in that sense by all.
Bishop Symon Patrick, for instance, paraphrases
the text : " May they be graven upon a plate of
lead with an iron pen ; nay, cut into a rock or
marble pillar to continue to all Posterity ! " Will
some competent Hebrew scholar say what is the true
meaning of the original words ; and are there any
incised and leaded inscriptions on the face of the
living rock in existence ? W. R. TATE.

Walpole Vicarage, Halesworth.

The several correspondents who have so kindly
replied to my query, under the above heading, have
each missed the point I am anxious to raise. In
East Brent Churchyard, Somersetshire, there is a
headstone to Grace Barrow, who died 21 Sept.,
1705. The characters are all of inlaid lead. Per-
mit me to repeat my query : Is there an older
instance of this kind of lettering to be found in
any of our churchyards 1 Of course, we all know
that in the Book of Job the prophet's regret is
recorded that his words were not " graven with an
iron pen and lead in the rock for ever." But if
gravestone inscriptions in our churchyards were
leaded prior to the eighteenth century there are
certainly very few now in existence. East Brent
is the earliest I have come across, and was the
oldest the late Archdeacon Denison had seen.

HARRY HEMS.

Fair Park, Exeter.

F. ROBSON, COMEDIAN (8 th S. ix. 468, 519).
I observed the other day a very characteristi
portrait (carte de visite size) of Robson with his
two daughters at Messrs. Barke & Co.'s, 208
Shaftesbury Avenue, together with other portraits
of bygone theatrical celebrities. JNO. HEBB.

Willeeden Green.

ROBERT HUISH (8 th S. ix. 367, 497). In the
* Biographical Dictionary of Living Authors,' 1816
is the following notice : " Huisb, Robert, Esq.
received the rudiments of education under Mrs
Barbauld, at Palsgrave, in Suffolk, and completec
it at the University of Frankfort-on-the-Maine.
It also gives the following list of his works : ' Solo
mon : a Sacred Drama, from the German of Klop
stock,' 12mo., 1809 ; ' Mysteries of Ferney Castle

ovel, 4 vols. 12mo., 1809; 'The Sorcerer,' a
omance, 8vo., 1811; 'The Peruvians,' a poem,
vo., 1813. JOHN PATCHING.

THE Ku KLUX KLAN (8 th S. ix. 505). It may,
perhaps, be of passing interest to note that Dr.
"onan Doyle has a reference to the above society
n his ' Adventures of Sherlock Holmes,' Adven-
ure V., "The Five Orange Pips," the Strand
ftagazine, November, 1891. BEN. WALKER.

Langatone, Erdington.

"NAPOLE*ON GALEUX" (8 th S. ix. 365). II

Alison is any authority, Napoleon "early in life

uttered much from a cutaneous disorder, contracted

when serving a cannon at the siege of Toulon, and

which only yielded, in 1801, to the scientific skill

f Dr. Corvisart" (chap. Ixxviii.).

EDWARD H. MARSHALL, M.A.
Hastings.

Apropos of this note it is curious that the Duko
of Wellington should also have been at one time
psoric. Towards the close of his life the duke
still retained a vivid recollection of the baths of
dilute acid to which he was subjected as a cure foe
the disease when in Bombay. D. G. P.

Gwalior, Central India.

HORSE CHESTNUTS AS A PREVENTIVE OF RHEU-
MATISM (8* u S. ix. 507). The following remarks,
from Mr. W. G. Black's * Folk-Medicine' (F.L.S.),
1883, p. 193, may interest your correspondent :

1 A chestnut begged or stolen is a preservative against
rheumatism. So is a potato, and I know a gentleman
who carries one always with him. He told me that he
did not know whether it was superstition or not, but
whenever by accident he left hia potato at home he was
sure to feel a twinge of rheumatism. Some recommend
a double hazel nut to be carried in the pocket against
toothache."

F. C. BIKKBECK TERRY.

Some years ago I was suffering from haemorrhoids j
a workman brought me a large horse chestnut
which he had procured specially for me, with in-
structions never to be without it and a cure would
ensue. On informing the medical man who
attended me of the circumstance, he stated that
one of the principal remedies for the painful com-
plaint in the homoeopathic pharmacopoeia was the
horse chestnut. AYEAHR.

I have not heard of this superstition in England.
Folkard says that "the Venetians" carry a horse
chestnut as a preventive of haemorrhoids.

0. C. B.

An instance of this, in which a keeper supplies
a shopkeeper at Dollar, occurs in * N. & Q.,' 5'* S,
vi. 424. There is another instance in 2 nd S. i. 249.

ED. MARSHALL.

DIALECT (8 th S. x. 8). In the instance quoted
by W. L. dole seems to be the same word as dole
grief, sorrow. The word, thus defined is in Wright's

8 th S. X. JOLT 25, '96. J

NOTES AND QUERIES.

* Provincial Glossary. ' Here also is dolour, o
similar meaning ; and an Essex word dolouring =
, mournful noise. C. P. HALE.

Halliwell says that dole= grief, sorrow, is stil
in use in the North. I have heard dulish (u long
in Lincolnshire for sad, sorrowful. C. C. B.

METRE OF ' IN MEMORTAM ' (8 th S. iii. 288, 337
430 ; iv. 57). Ben Jonson made use of this metn
not only in the elegy in ' Underwoods,' but als<
ia the chorus of the second act of ' Catiline,' pro
duced and published in 1611.

HORACE W. NEWLAND.

32, Great Ornrnd Street, W.C.

THE MARGRAVES OF ANSPACH (8 th S. ix. 48,
215). Is it certain that the Margravine was
buried at Speen, in which church she has a monu
ment . I have a note of her interment at Naples
in the Protestant burial-ground. I take this
opportunity of asking where Brandenburg House
exactly stood. Was it where Fhlham Workhouse
BOW stands, in the Fulham Palace Road ; or per-
haps rather where the workhouse infirmary is, in
a side road close by ? Near this road is a street
called Margravine Gardens. R. F. S.

ESCHUID (8 th S. viii. 409, 452 ; ix. 53, 152, 218).
At the penultimate reference your correspondent
writes : " This modestly termed opusculus consists
of about 1,200 columns." What authority is there
for opusculus ? Surely the classical diminutive of
opus is opusculum. Of.: "Dr. Hammond in a

particular opusculum treated on this subject.'

Evelyn, Corresp.,' vol. iii. p. 90, ed. 1872. Cicero
has, 'Paradoxa,' "Proemium," 5: " Accipies
igitur hoc parvum opusculum, lucubratum his iam
contractioribus noctibus."

F. C. BIRKBECK TERRY.

DTCE SOMBRE (8* S.vii. 269, 309, 375, 479).
Public Opinion, 22 November, 1895, contains an
article entitled 'A Romantic Episode in Indian
History,' extracted from Chambers's Journal.
This account differs from those already given at
above references, inasmuch as the Begum is repre-
sented as stabbing herself. Her husband, Le Vas-
soult, on hearing that she was dead, " placed a
pistol to his forehead, fired, and fell dead from his
saddle." A son of Somru (Reinhard) by a former
wife was placed on the throne. Thomas is repre-
sented not as coming to her rescue, but as
opposing her, if not leading the revolt.

R. J. FlNMORE.

Sandgate.

FLAGS (8 th S. ix. 328, 394, 472, 499 ; x. 16).
I am very glad to know that Union Jack is not
an improper term for the union flag, as it is so
universally used. My quotation was in inverted
commas, but without the authority, for when I
came to verify it having, as I thought, taken it

from " Royal Edition : Flags of Britain and her
Colonies," published at Glasgow by James Brown,
54, Union Street, in 1887, I should think, though
I bought it at Southampton in 18921 was
unable to find it. The quotation has since turned
up, and I find I took it from an advertisement,
with a coloured representation of the union flag,
issued by S. W. Wolff, the well-known flag makers,
of High Street, Southampton. In James Brown's
publication, however, I find "The Union flag
(erroneously named the Union Jack)." So that
the books are against, and your correspondents in
favour of the two terms being identical, which
appears to me to be unfortunate. I confess to
knowing very little about the matter.

A few weeks ago at a French port (Rouen) I saw a
folio card of the flags of all nations, published by a
French publisher. The Union Jack is there repre-
sented as a blue flag with the red crosses (perfectly
straight) only, the white is omitted altogether.
The pilot's flag is also as wrong as it could be,
being represented as the union flag with a white
border ! RALPH THOMAS.

The following extract shows the word "jack,"
for a flag, used without any qualifying adjunct :

' The last night our boateswaine dyed very suddenly,
and this afternoone I buryed him in the Greeks church-
yard. He was nobly buryed, and like a souldyer. He
bad a neate coffin, which was covered over with one of
the King's jacks, and his boarson's eylver whisle and
chaine layed on the top (to shew his office), between
2 pistolls crost with a hangar drawne." 'Diary of
Henry Teonge,' p. 100.

The funeral took place on 5 December, 1675, at
Soanderoon. AYEAHR.

On 20 June, the anniversary of the accession of
3ueen Victoria, I saw several flags flying in
Oxford, one with the field argent bearing the red
cross of St George, and some having the national
Union Jack. Passing through London on Satur-
day, 4 July, I saw several American flags flying,
bearing the "stars and the stripes," or the "star-
spangled banner," and it occurred to me that it
was the anniversary of the Declaration of Independ-
ence of the United States in 1776 one hundred
and twenty years since.

JOHN PICKFORD, M.A.
Newbourne Rectory, Woodbridge.

In reference to MR. HEMS'S note, I would
emark that the Union Jack might be flown upside
own on his ancient Guildhall without attracting
he attention even of sailors or heralds. But if it
ere flown reversed end for end, as, I regret to
ay, I have seen it sometimes on public buildings,
requently on public-houses, the effect would be
be same as that of flying the flag of the United
states of America with the stars on the fly instead
f the hoist of the flag ; and the result would be
o deprive Scotland of that precedence over Ire-

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[8> S. X. JULY 25, '96.

land to which, as senior partner in the Union, she
is entitled. KILLIGREW.

GAMES IN CHURCHYARDS (8 th S. ix. 488). In
a very interesting; volume, entitled 4 The History
of a Village Community in the Eastern Counties/
1893, pp. 97, 93, the author says, " At Methwold
in 1800, after Sunday afternoon service, the
parson gave the first kick to the Camp-ball (foot-
ball) at the Church Porch." The village community
dealt with is that of Methwold, and the historian
of it the Rev. J. Denny Gedge, vicar of the parish.
Camping was a great game in Norfolk and Suffolk,
and I am not sure that it is rightly described as
identical with football. JAMES HOOPER.

Norwich.

According to an old correspondent (!' S. ii. 55)
the opinion prevails in some quarters that the
north side of our rural churchyards was left un-
consecrated so that it might be used as a play-
ground. There is something in this; but it is
rather an inversion of the truth. An old supersti-
tion against burial on the north side has often
been illustrated in ' N. & Q.,' and it would seem
that quarter of the churchyard has been used for
profane purposes, including that of burying profane
persons. The above correspondent says that he
has often had occasion to interrupt the game of
football in a churchyard (see also 7" S. viii. 276).

E. SMITH.

In the Reliquary and Illustrated Archaeologist,
July, 1895, and July, 1896, is a paper about
; Churchyard Games in Wales/ by Elias Owen,
M.A-,F.S.A. ARTHUR HUSSEY.

Wingham, Kent.

WINDMILLS (8 th S. ix. 488 ; x. 9).
" A Scotchman may tramp the better part of Europe
and the United States, and never again receive so vivid
an impression of foreign travel and strange lands and
manners as on his first excursion into England. The
change from a hilly to a level country strikes him with
delighted wonder. Along the flat horizon there arise
the frequent venerable towers of churches. He sees at
the end of airy vistas the revolution of the windmill
sails. He may go where he pleases in the future ; he
may see Alps, and Pyramids, and lions ; but it will be
hard to beat the pleasure of that moment. There are,
indeed, few merrier spectacles than that of many wind-
mills bickering together in a fresh breeze over a woody
country; their halting alacrity of movement, their
pleasant business, making bread all day with uncouth
gesticulation?, their air, gigantically human, as of a
creature half alive, put a spirit of romance into the
tamest landscape. When the Scotch child sees them first
he falls immediately in love ; and from that time for-
ward windmills keep turning in his dreams." R. L.
Stevenson, ' The Foreigner at Home/ in Memories and
Portraits/ pp. 8,9.

C. D.

A windmill is the scene of Beaumont and Fletcher's
odious play ' The Maid in the Mill.' Longfellow's
little poem ' The Windmill, a Folk-song,' should

be mentioned. There is an article on { Sussex
Watermills and Windmills/ by M. A. Lower, in
the * Sussex Arch. Colls./ vol. v. There are
several in the neighbourhood of this town, but
some have been eradicated to make way for houses
and streets. A curious fatality is recorded in the
'Annual Register/ 1830, p. 276. Sir Frederick
Francis Baker, Bart.,

" was showing his children the effect and operations of
a windmill near Hastings, when, being very short-
sighted, he approached too near to it, and one of the
flappers striking him on the back part of the head, he
shortly after breathed his last."

EDWARD H. MARSHALL, M.A.
Hastings.

W. C. B. mentions "some very ancient and
picturesque wooden mills near York, one of which
belonged to the family of Etty, the painter."
Jeanie Deans, writing to Reuben Butler from York,
on her immortal journey to London, says :

" I have seen many things which I trust to tell you
one day, also the muckle kirk of this place ; and all
around the city are mills whilk havena muckle wheels
nor mill-dams, but gang by the wind strange to behold."

Dante's allusion to windmills, though under very
grim circumstances, should not be forgotten :

Quando 1'emisperio nostro annotta.
Par da lungi un mulin che il vento gira.

' Inferno/ xzxiv. 5, 6.

Tennyson's " whirring sail," in his little song * The
Owl,' is, I suppose, the sail of a windmill.

Shakespeare, I see by Mrs. Cowden Clarke,
alludes twice to windmills ( 1 Henry IV./ III. i.,
'2 Henry IV.,' III. ii. JONATHAN BODCHIER.

Your correspondent may be glad to be referred
to a pleasant paper ' Oa Windmills/ by Mr. John
Mortimer, in the * Papers of the Manchester
Literary Club/ 1894, or the Manchester Quarterly
for October that year, although it may possibly not
contain very much in answer to his question.

C. W. S.

SALTER'S PICTURE OF THE WATERLOO DINNER
(8 th S. ix. 366, 416, 493 ; x. 60). The original
painting of the Waterloo banquet is still at Mr.
Mackenzie's, at Fawley Court. It is a good deal
shown to the public. The picture was purchased
by the predecessor of the present Mackenzie of
Fawley Court. D.

LORD JOHN RUSSELL (8 th S. ix. 506). Those
who fail to know or remember that from his child-
hood Lord John Russell cultivated the muse of
English poetry can scarcely have read the ' Life '
of that statesman published by Mr. Spencer Wai-
pole in 1889. I would refer them especially to
vol. i. pp. 21, 48, 50, 57 (where occur his lines
quoted by MR. BLENKINSOPP), 72, 80,81, 97, &c.,
to say nothing of his tragedy of ' Don Carlos/ Mr.
Walpole expressly states that "His ambition, at
this period of his life, was probably poetry, and

S. X. JULY 25, '96.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

the pieces which he has left in print, as well as in
manuscript, show that he had much facility in
verse "; adding that it was only natural that his
very fame as a politician should have thrown his
poetry into the shade. E. WALFORD.

Ventnor.

" BOMBELLIEAS " (8 th S. x. 52). This word
should be spelt bombillas. They are tubes of
tin or plated metal with a pear-shaped bulging
end which is perforated with holes, and are largely
used in the Spanish-speaking countries of South
America for sucking up the native tea, called matt ;
hence their name, "little pumps." E. A. FRY.

OLD CLOCK (8 th S. ix. 268, 434, 472). The name
of John Whitfield does not occur in ' Former Clock
and Watchmakers and their Work'; but that of
Henry Whitfield is mentioned, with the date 1662.

ARTHUR F. G. LEVESON-GOWER.
Athens.

COLONIST (8 th S. ix. 347, 516). I am much
obliged for the trouble MR. COLEMAN has taken.
The ship named is not the one I want. I see now
that my query ought to have been more explicit.
Paulin Huggett Pearce (a notice of whom will be
found in the second volume of Boase's * Modern
English Biography,' shortly to be published) dis-
tinguished himself in early life, for, according to
the tombstone in St. Peter's Churchyard, he was a
" skilful swimmer, saved many persons from
drowning in various parts of the world, commenc-
ing at the age of seventeen by saving the lives of
captain and part of the crew of the ship Colonist
at Barbadoes." The tombstone says he died 1888,
aged eighty.

According to his book, ' A Treatise on the Art
of Swimming,' 1842, he was at Barbadoes in 1827;
and if that was when the Colonist was wrecked he
was then nineteen ; or if seventeen then, he was
seventy-eight, and not eighty, when he died. He
was born and died at Ramsgate. He was awarded
a bronze medal of the Royal Humane Society for
saving the life of Mr. Blake on 31 August, 1837.
I need not apologize to the readers of *N. & Q.'
for making all this fuss about a couple of years.

Pearce has given me a great deal of trouble ; in
fact I have found it quite impossible to give a full
list of his publications, of which he issued shoals.
He wrote instructions on swimming, and to them
he tacked hundreds of lines of doggerel verse.
That he was a real poet may be judged from the
fact of his putting that word after his name on his
bathing machines, "P. H. Pearce, poet."

RALPH THOMAS.

WHEELER'S * NOTED NAMES OF FICTION ' (8 th S.
x. 26). This is a favourite book of mine, and an
excellent work of reference, and I am pleased MR.
YARDLEY has read it to such purpose. His list of
errors is most interesting, and I venture to add

some of those I have noted myself. I will preface
my remarks by saying that although Wheeler is
comparatively an old authority he is no worse in
the points I have selected for illustration than the
1 Cyclopaedia of Names,' edited by one of the great
men of the * Century Dictionary,' assisted by
" eminent specialists."

1. It is a pity not one of these " eminent spe-
cialists " was acquainted with the northern tongues.
Wheeler and Smith both give names from the
Teutonic mythology, and almost invariably mark
the pronunciation incorrectly. There is the less
excuse for this as Dr. Sweet has explained the
subject of Icelandic pronunciation in one of his
works published by the Clarendon Press. The
diphthong ei or ey is an especial stumbling-block,
being always rendered as if German instead of in
the English grey or gray. See examples Freyja,
Heimdall, Sleipnir, Jotunheim, Niflheim, &c.

2. For names from the Arthurian cycle there
can, of course, be no touchstone except the usage
of poets. Books of the type we are discussing
should register every form and give illustrative
quotations. Thus Gawain is accented by Tenny-
son indifferently on either syllable, as any one can
see by reading the idyl of * Lancelot and Elaine/
The dictionaries only give one accent. Again,
Isolde (there are thirty other ways of spelling it) is
given with stress on the first syllable in Wheeler,
but on the second in Smith. Scott and Arnold
support the first, and Tennyson and Wagner the
second. I have not space to go into this matter at
length.

3. It is curious that while several of the punning
names which Scott delighted in adorn the pages
of these books, the editors do not seem to be aware
that there is any double meaning in them. Take
Cleishbotham, for instance, or Moniplies. South-
rons have so long made it a gibe against Scotsmen
that they cannot understand a joke, that there is
something of dramatic justice in this fact that a
Scotch joke has passed during years through the
hands of literary critics like Wheeler or Smith
and eternally eludes their notice. It is proved by
the pronunciation figured for Cleishbotham ^hat it
has not been understood.

Milton does, apparently, _

Briareos. But he begins many of his lines with
a trochee. And this line may be read as though
the a were short :

Briareoa or Typhoa whom the den.
Dryden, translating Virgil, makes the a short :

Et centumgeminus Briareus.
And BriareuB with all his hundred hands.

E. YARDLEY.

POPE'S VILLA AT TWICKENHAM (8 th S. x. 21).-
With reference to the very interesting note on this
subject, I ask permission to say that there is a
charming illustration of 'Pope's House' (from a

JAS. PLATT, Jun.
make the a long in

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[8i S. X. JULY 25, '96.

print dated 1785) in ' Greater London,' by Edward
Walford, M.A., vol. i. p. 102, Cassell & Co.,
London. And as regards your correspondent's
remarks anent the action of Lady Howe in
ordering the house to be razed and whatever was
Pope's to be destroyed, it may not be out of
place to mention that the vandalic disposition of
her ladyship was not allowed to pass unrecorded
nor unresented. For instance, Miss Berry, in her
' Journal,' under the date of 2 1 Nov., 1807, writes :
" We went into Pope's back garden, and saw the
devastation going on upon his ' quincunx ' by its new
possessor Baroness Howe. The anger and ill-humour
expressed against her for pulling down his abode and
destroying his grounds are much greater than one
would have imagined."

In connexion with the occurrence it has been sug-
gested that Lady Howe was tempted by the chance
of selling the materials of the old house at an
enhanced price. However that may have been,
she built herself a new residence on a site a
hundred yards north of where once stood the
beloved home of the poet, absorbing in the process
the elegant little villa of Hudson the painter,
master of Sir Joshua Reynolds. Perhaps I may
add that the unpoetical baroness was the daughter
of " the hero of the glorious 1st of June," and in-
herited his title. Widow of the Hon. P. A. Ourzon,
she took for her second husband the court oculist
Dr. Phipps, who was made a baronet, and on his
promotion emerged as Sir Jonathan Wathen
Waller, Bart. Lady Howe gave many garden
parties which were very attractive, and on " the
1st of June " a silver cup to be rowed for on the
Thames in honour of her father's great victory,
when Sir Jonathan Wathen Waller, Bart., who
formerly followed the gentle occupation of an
oculist, used to be exhibited on the lawn decorated
with all the orders and war medals of Admiral
Earl Howe, E.G., &c.

Sir J. Wathen Waller and his wife in their turn
passed away, and in January, 1840, " Pope's
Villa" although "Pope's Villa" had long
ceased to exist was announced for sale ; but no
one would purchase the counterfeit, and very
shortly after the building materials were disposed
of by auction. A portion of Lady Howe's house,
however, was saved, and turned into two small
tenements. The remains of the author of ' An
Essay on Man ' rest, with those of his parents, in
Twickenham Church ; but Pope's skull, sad to
relate, is now in the private collection of a phreno-
logist :

Imperious Caesar, dead, and turned to clay,
Might stop a hole to keep the wind away.

HENRY GERALD HOPE.
Clapham, S.W.

KNIGHTS OF ST. JOHN OF JERUSALEM (8 th S.
ix. 467 ; x. 18). MR. GORDON will most probably
obtain the information he wants relating to the

etching by Hollar of the picture of the Priory of
St. John of Jerusalem by addressing the Secretary
of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jeru-
salem, the Chancery, St. John's Gate, Clerkenwell.

ARTHUR F. G. LEVESON-GOWER.
Athens.

ANCIENT SERVICE BOOK (8 th S. ix. 467 ; x.
15). The parchment leaves in which MR. VANB'S
register book is wrapped are fragments of an old
missal. The first leaf contains the mass (or part
of the mass) for Friday in the second week of
Lent, the epistle (or, as the Book of Common
Prayer has it, the " portion of Scripture appointed
for the epistle ") being from Genesis xxxyii., fol-
lowed by the graduate, "Ad dominum cum
tribularer clamavi," &c., and the gospel from
Matt, xxu 33 - 46. The second leaf, so far as
can be gathered from MR. VANE'S brief description,
contains the gospel (Matt. xv. 1-20) from the mass
for Wednesday in the third week of Lent, the
epistle (Jerem. vii. 1-8) for the following day,
Thursday, with the Secret (" Suscipe [qusesumus]
Domine," &c.) from the same mass. It is im-
possible to guess at the date without seeing the
MS., but the fragments are probably from an
English missal of the second half of the fifteenth
century. I hope this note is not belated ; my
* N. & Q.' has a far road to travel just now.

OSWALD HUNTER BLAIR, O.S.B.

Olinda, Brazil.

FAMILY SOCIETIES (8 th S. ix. 424, 513 ; x. 37).
Is the following the kind of society W. I. R. V.
wishes information upon ? The Buchanan Society,
as the name denotes, is composed of individuals of
the name and clan of Buchanan, and is the oldest
named society in Scotland. It was instituted in
Glasgow so far back as 1725. At a friendly
meeting of some of the name of Buchanan, held
there on 5 March of that year, the following pro-
posal was made :

" That the name of Buchanan being now the most
numerous name in the place, and many poor boys of
that name who are found to be of good genius being lost
for want of good education, a fund might be begun and
carried on by the name, the interest of which in time
might enable some of them to be useful in Church and
State."

This society has since gone on with almost un-
interrupted success, it has attained a position of
high importance, and is of great practical use.

FRANCIS 0. BUCHANAN.

PATRIOT (8 th S. viii. 367, 517 ; ix. 493 ; x. 34).
PROF. SKEAT appears to think that my remarks
at the last reference but one were intended to
impugn his veracity. I can assure him that nothing
was further from my mind. I simply directed
attention to what seemed to me to be an error in
Mr. H. B. Wheatley's compilation, and I suppose
I ought to have said BO. Curiously enough, how-

8t 8. X. JULY 25, '96.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

ever, in ' A Biographical List, &c.,' Part I. (E.D.S.),
compiled by members and edited by PROF. SKEAT,
there is on p. 5, with regard to Minsheu's ' Diction-
ary ' the entry, " (second edition, revised). Folio.
Ib. 1626." F. 0. BIRKBECK TERRY.

SAMUEL BLOWER (8 th S. ix. 89, 435 ; x. 35).
Particulars concerning him will be found in * The
History of the Church of Doddridge (North-
ampton),' by Thomas Arnold and J. J. Cooper
(1895); also in 'A History of Northampton
Castle Hill Church, now Doddridge, and its
Pastorate, 1674-1895,' compiled by Mr. John
Taylor (1896). On pp. 89, 90 of the latter book
appears a copy of Blower's will.

JOHN T. PAGE.

ROSE FAMILY (8 th S. ix. 327). Arthur Robert
Rose, youngest surviving son of the Right Hon.
Sir George Henry Rose (ob. 1855), was born
13 Nov., 1811, and died 5 Feb., 1869. He lies
interred in the churchyard of Northolt, Middlesex.
DAHIEL HIPWELL.

NOTES ON BOOKS, &0.

A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles.
Edited by Dr. James A. H. Murray. D'ffluent to Dis-
burden. (Oxford, Clarendon Press.)
ANOTHER quarterly instalment of the ' Oxford Dic-
tionary ' puts in an appearance, and the work is peen to
be making vigorous and satisfactory progress. For the
next quarter, indeed, two sections, " Disburse " to " Dis-
observant," and "Fish" to " Flexuose," are promised.
Quite needless is it to say that the old standard of ex-
cellence is maintained, and that the number of quota-
tions for the portion of tbe alphabet covered consists of
thousands, as against hundreds in the best dictionary pre-
viously existing. Six thousand eight hundred and twenty-
eight are, in fact, the quotations, the largest number
elsewhere to be found being nine hundred and forty-
eight in the ' Century Dictionary.' A large number of
the words in this section are formed with tbe Latin pre-
fix dis, and its variants di and dif. In the val uable article
on dis, the relation of the Latin dis to Us, originally
dvis = Greek cig, twice, from duo, 3i>o, two, is shown.
Originally proper to Latin and Romance words, dis has
since been extended to native English words and words
from all sources witness disbar, disbelieve, disbosom
and, as Dr. Murray points out, discoach and dislurnpike
Many words have naturally great historic interest.
Dimity, according to popular etymology, is derived
from Damietta. The origin is now given as from
mediaeval Latin dimitum, Greek fli/iirof, of double
thread ; and we have the quotation from Ducange, "ol
the plurals amita, dimitaque et trimita explained to
mean respectively fabrics with one, two, or three threads.''
The relation of these to the Persian word dvmyaii
which "has the form of a derivative of Dimya'.
Damietta" is said cautiously to be not clear. Milton'i
word dingle, used previously by Drayton, and appa
rently one hundred and ninety years earlier, is said to
be of uncertain origin, and appears, on the whole, to
have been of dialectal use until the seventeenth
century. Interest will be inspired by the origin of dine
tbe word disner being held to contain ultimately tin
same elements as detjeuner, dejeuner, to break the fast o

reakfast. For the dissection upon tbe phrase "to
ine with Duke Humphrey " = to go dinnerlese,of which
ifferent origins are given by Stowe and Fuller, we must
efer our readers to the book. Various meanings are
ven to the word dilly. In a folk-rhyme with which-
e have been familiar for more than half a century a
meaning not supplied is shown. It may or may not come
under the ken of tbe editors of the 'English Dialect Dic-
ionary.' The intention, familiar enough to folk-lore
tudents of the riddle (for such it is, the answer being
a cow "), is to suggest indelicacy which does not exist.
' Four stiff-slanders, four dilly-danders, two lookers, two-
rookers, and a wiggle-waggle." We are curious to know
be significance in these children's rhymes of " dilly.^
' Ding-dong " is defined as echoic. It is curious, though
,here is no apparent relation between tbe two uses of the
word, that, besides signifying an imitation of the sound
of a bell, "ding-dong," as a form of "ding-ding," is
used by Beaumont and Fletcher as an expression of
endearment. It seems as if Shakspeare, in tbe well-
known lines from the ' Tempest,' by what was almost a
stage direction, caused tbe word " bell " to be annexed to-
a phrase complete in the two words " ding-dong."
"Bell," however, comes in as an appropriate and a>
euphonious addition, itn sound, indeed, conveying that of
the thing indicated. We might go on for hours drawing
from this single part matter of keenest historical as welt
as philological interest. So full are successive parts of
things curious, interesting, and delightful, that were the
shape of the work other than it necessarily is, we might
commend it as a delightful companion on a holiday
jaunt.

The Two First Centuries of Florentine History. By
Prof. Pasquale Villari. Translated by Linda VillarL
(Fisher Unwin.)

THOUGH still a sufficiently stiff bit of reading, tbe
secend and concluding volume of Prof. Villari's history of
Florence, completing the work, is both more interesting
and more readable than its predecessor. Smarting a
little, it may be supposed, at the accusation brought
against the first volume, that the history lacked chrono-
logical sequence, the provision of which was, under the
conditions, impossible, and aware that its perusal bad-
involved some labour, the Professor warns oft' from the
opening chapter of hid second volume the general reader
who happens to be not specially interested in its theme.
It is to be hoped that few will take the advice contained
in this self-denying ordinance, since the chapter in
question is not only indispensable to the full apprecia-
tion of what follows, but opens out a question of extreme
interest that of the influence of the family and the State-
in the Italian communes. Nowhere were paternal in-
fluences and the sacredness of the family more felt than,
in ancient Rome. The father was ' priest, judge,
supreme arbiter." He was "absolute master of the

good-, the liberty, and the life of big wife and of his

children." By the time of Caesar the conditions had
changed. The family, once " almost a state within the
state," was practically dissolved. Christianity, recog-
nizing tbe equality of man and woman, still further
sapped paternal rule. Then came tbe collision between
the Roman law and that of the Longobards, in which
individual liberty was much greater, and the family
seemed a society of "independent members, united by
mutual agreement." How these separate influences wer*
fused in tbe commune may be read in Prof. Villari's
admirable chapter, but cannot occupy us here. The
history of the Florence of Dante begins with the closing
years of the thirteenth century, at which period Guelph
ascendancy the ascendancy, that is, of the democracy
was established, and the magnates were excluded from

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[8th 8.X. JULY 25, '96.

all political posts, which were tenable by those onl
engaged in some trade or craft. At the same time, tboug
the great noblemen seemed in danger of extermination
tbey possessed, in fact, great vitality, and were con
tinually recruited. It was at this period that Gian
delta Bella was mainly instrumental in having proclaime
the " Ordinamenti di Giustizia," the purpose of whic'
was to suppress the cruelties and injuries constantl
inflicted by the nobles upon the burghers, who wer
surrounded, attacked, maltreated, and even stabbed, with
out being able to name the aggressors. The revolution
accomplished by these ordinances had for its result t
complete the overthrow of the feudal nobility. This i
is the special purpose of the Professor to show, and hi
exhibits also the processes of disintegration in the com
mune that prepared the way for the society of the
Renaissance. In these things, and in the fierce quarrel
which ensued, Dante, before his banishment, took part
A thorough comprehension, then, of this reconstitu
tion of Florentine history is necessary to the complete
understanding of Dante's life and works. Sufficiently
animated fairly to carry away the reader is the history
of Florence during the period of Dante's political activity
and it is this portion of the work that is likely to be most
widely popular. Space fails us to do anything approxi-
mating to justice to Prof. Villari's treatment. Students
of Dante are bound to accord it close attention. It is
convincingly written and well translated. Numerous
illustrations, many of them of high interest, are fur-
nished, including a reproduction of a view of Florence
in Renaissance times.

Naval and Military Trophies and Personal Relics of

British Heroes. Part II. (Nimmo.)
THE second part of Mr. Nimmo's splendid and patriotic
publication gives four further water-colour drawings by
Mr. William Gibb. Two of these are from the royal
collection at Windsor. First comes the crown of the
King of Delhi, a magnificent piece of gold work ablaze
with jewels, found in the palace at Delhi after the cap-
ture by Hudson of Hodson's Horse of " the last of the
Moguls." Not less splendid in its way is the cloak of
the Emperor Napoleon, captured by the Prussians and
presented, on behalf of Marshal BlUcher, to the Prince
Regent, afterwards George IV., after the rout of Water-
loo. It is of fine scarlet cloth, richly embroidered with
gold thread, and came from Egypt. A gruesome tragedy
ia the next, which consists of the main royal masthead of
the Orient, picked up after that huge and ill-starred ship
had been blown up in Aboukir Bay. It is the property
of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, by whom
it has been lent to the museum of the Royal United
Service Institution. Last come, both broken, the swords
of General Wolfe and Capt. Cook, from the Royal United
Service Institution. Melancholy interest, of course,
attaches to these weapons. The descriptive notes, by
Mr. R. H. Holmes, F.S.A., remain short, pointed, and
adequate.

Catalogue of the Engraved National Portraits in the
National Art Library. (South Kensington Museum.)
THE publication of the official catalogue of the engraved
portraits at South Kensington is a matter on which
lovers of literature as well as of art are to be congratu-
lated. Preserved as they are for the most part in port-
folios, most of the engravings have, in spite of the
unfailing courtesy and attention of the officials, been
only accessible to those with much time and resolution
at their disposal. The numbers now given will facilitate
enormously the task of reference, and in innumerable
cases the indication supplied will save the necessity for a
personal investigation. The arrangement is alphabetical,
and, except in the case of works already described in

Smith's Catalogue, full information is afforded In the
case of those mentioned in Smith the reference to the
page in his eminently useful work is adequate. Mr
Julian Marshall, whose signature is, or has been, plea-
santly familiar in our columns, supplies the prefatory
note, and is responsible for the work, for the merits of
which his name is an adequate guarantee. It is, indeed
moat carefully executed. Time and frequent use will be
necessary in order to measure the extent of the boon
bestowed upon us.

fios Rosarum: Ex Horto Poetarum. By E. V. B.

(Stock.)

We are glad to find that a second edition of this delect-
able volume has BO soon been called for. It now appears
in a form no less dainty than it at first assumed, and
with some slight but acceptable additions.

THE second volume of ' The Centenary Burns,' edited
by Messrs. W. E. Henley and T. F. Henderson, will be
published by Messrs. T. C. & E. C. Jack, Edinburgh, in
the beginning of next month. Embracing the post-
humous poems, it will include eight pieces printed for
the first time from the original MSS. and several other
pieces which have not been printed in any earlier col-
lected edition of Burns. Important additions and changes
bave also been made in other parts of the text. The
bibliographical and critical notes cover 180 pages.

THE Rev. C. H. W. Stocking, D.D., of East Orange
New Jersey, U.S.A., is preparing 'A History of the
Knowltons of England and America,' and he would be
grateful for any information, of whatever kind, concern-
ng the English Knowltons, living and deceased. As
,he name is now as uncommon in England as it is common
n America, it is presumed that many persons have lost
the name by intermarriage. Capt. William Knowlton
sailed from London (Chiswick) about 1632, and became
he progenitor of a large and thrifty race. His brother
Thomas remained in England, and Thomas, the anti-
quary and botanist of Yorkshire, and his son, the Rev.
Charles Knowlton, for sixty-one years rector of Keighley,
were his descendants.

MESSES. DAWBARN & WARD promise ' Shakespeare's
Town and Times,' by H. Snowden Ward and Catharine
Veed Ward, with many illustrations.

* to

We must call special attention to the following notice*:

ON all communications must be written the name and
ddressof the sender, not necessarily for publication, but

a guarantee of good faith.

WE cannot undertake to answer queries privately.

To secure insertion of communications correspondents
must observe the following rule. Let each note, query,
r reply be written on a separate slip of paper, with the
ignature of the writer and such address as he wishes to
ppear. Correspondents who repeat queries are requested
o head the second communication "Duplicate."

MOLIERISTE. ' L'Ombre de Moliere ' is by Brecourt.
t is included in vol. v. of the 1675 (Elzevir) edition of
Les CEuvres.'

NOTICE.

Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The
ditor of ' Notes and Queries ' " Advertisements and
usiness Letters to "The Publisher" at the Office,
ream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.G.

We beg leave to state that we decline to return com-
lunications which, for any reason, we do not print ; and
o this rule we can make no exception.

. 1,'96.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

LONDOJf, 8A1URDAY, AUGUST I, 1896.

CONTENT S. N 240.

NOTES :-Sir John Conway-Casanoviana, 89-A " Bee's
Km* "-Good Friday Nigbt-The Revolution of 1688-
Westminster Abbey, 92-" Gent "-Breaking Glass-Ser-
jeant^Rings-The Order of the St. Esprit-" Go spin, you
jades, go spin! "-Commemorative Pies, 93-" 'Twould a
saint provoke "-Collins's ' Peerage "Brass at Cowfold, 94.

OITKRIES Dreamland Dream-holes " Bechatted "
Berrv Wournal-The " Reign " of Rectors, 94-Authors of
S-The Shield for Wives-Thamar-Irish Historical
Manuscripts-Dundee at Killiekrankie-Jacobite Soug-
Aaron Miller -Robin Hood -'The Reel of Tulloch '-
" Bobtail " " Lounder," 95 Authors Wanted, 96.

REPLIES : A Joke of Sheridan Samuel Pepys, 96 Coin-
cidences- Flat-irons-Perambulator-Tannachie, 97-St.
Sepulchre Wedding Ceremony " Mac and Me
Rev J Arrowsmith Coronation Service Potatoes for
Rheumatism-Spider-wort, 98-Sedilia-Grimsby Castle-
Weighing the Earth The Suffix " well "Earliest Cir-
culating Library, 99 "Child" Saunders=Crompton
Translation The Broom Dance, 100 Saxon Wheel Cross-
Sir George Nares-" Only "-Pate Stuart. Earl of Orkney
" Feared," 101 J. Everard Skull in Portrait Gray or
Grey, 102 Norman Roll at Dives Tenure of Lands The
Book of Common Prayer, 103 Prebendary Victoria
William Warham, Archbishop of Canterbury Emaciated
Figures " Trouble "Angelica Cataiani, 104 Comneni
and Napoleon Harmony in Verse A Shakspearian Desi-
deratum ' A Legend of Reading' Thos. Gainsborough
St. Paul's Churchyard, 105 St. Cornfily Churchwardens
' Nickleby Married 'A Scottish " Legend "Heir-male
of Maxwells" Flittermouse "Substituted Portraits, 106.

NOTES ON BOOKS : ' English Dialect Dictionary'
Egerton's Sir G. Phipps Hornby ' Munk's ' Sir Henry
Halford.'

Notices to Correspondents.

SIR JOHN CONWAY.

I find there is a double puzzle about the date
of Sir John Con way's book and the circum-
stances under which were written * Meditations
and Prayers,' &c., printed by Henry Wykes,
without date. A writer in ' N. & Q.,' 1 S.
xi. 48, takes it for granted that they were
written during an unexplained imprisonment at
Ostend, alluded to in Conway's letter to Walsing-
ham, Harl. MS. 287, f. 102. The writer in the
' Dictionary of National Biography ' accepts this,
and further supposes "the license to Sir John
Conway to return, July, 1590," means to return to
Ostend. Now from the letter itself this imprison-
ment was evidently municipal, short, and without
disgrace or serious suffering, such as is bewailed in
his book, and the " license " is evidently to return
home from Ostend, where he was succeeded by Sir
Edward Norreys(Murdin, < Burleigh Papers,'p. 794).
Neither of these writers seems to know anything
of an earlier imprisonment in connexion with " the
Somerville-Arden plot," in 1583, in which the
"Book of Meditations and Prayers, by Luis de
Grenada," translated by Richard Hopkins in 1582,
played an important part. It is much more than
likely that Sir John Conway then expressed his
woes in a form parallel to the book so eagerly
hunted up by Burleigb, but with his spirit of

loyalty, orthodoxy, and euphuistic flattery of
Elizabeth. He spoke of the oppressions of his
many foes, his long and severe imprisonment, and he
wrote his prayers to God and praises of Elizabeth
on his trencher, with "a leathy pensel of leade."
Some friend may have had them printed in 1583-4
and presented to the queen, and they seem to have
moved Elizabeth's heart, as early in 1586 he was
made Governor of Ostend. I had thus far per-
fectly satisfied myself of the soundness of my
theory, from the State Papers of the period, when
Mr. Graves reminded me of the fact that there are
no dated books of Henry Wykes published after
1571 ! He certainly disappears then from the
registers, and is supposed to have died shortly
after, One of Mr. Ames's papers mentioms him as
being in 1572 the servant of Sir Francis Knowles ;
but he had not found any book of his printing of
so late a date. It is impossible Sir John Conway's
1 Meditations' were written in 1583 if Wykes was
dead before that time. Another edition was
printed by William How, also undated, but that
does not simplify matters, though William How
printed up till 1590. The two queries I wish to
propose are these : (1) Is there any possibility that
Henry Wykes, after retiring from business, may
have printed for some special purpose this one
book in 1583-4? Or (2) Is there any record of
an unjust imprisonment of Sir John Conway, with-
out trial, before that date ? It is possible he may
have been arrested for complicity in the Rebellion
of the North, 1569, in which some of his relatives
were interested. But he seemed in favour when
he wrote the introduction to Geffray Fenton's
'Histoires Tragiques ' in 1567; and on 26 July,
1573, he bad a licence to travel on the queen's
service for two years, during which time no suit
could proceed against him.

CHARLOTTE CAEMICHAEL STOPES.

CASANOVIANA.

(Continued from 8 th S. ix. 504.)

Writers of * Memoirs ' too often portray their
puppets in dress clothes. They show them to us
on parade, and not as the proverbial valet de
chambre is privileged to see them, wigless, in their
dressing-gowns and slippers. Casanova's indis-
creet flashes fall upon these heroes unawares, and
enable the student to obtain a knowledge of their
social peculiarities. At Lausanne he fell in with
Lord Rosebery (whom he occasionally, with pro-
phetic politeness, dubs a duke) and speaks of him
thus :

" I often found myself in the society of Lord Rosebery.
I have never met a man more taciturn. They told me
that he possessed some wit, that he was well read, and
even that he could be lively, but I never found ic out.
He never overcame an absurd shyness which placed him
at a tremendous disadvantage. At assemblies, at dances,
n fact everywhere, his one notion of politeness was bow-

NOTES AND QUERIES.

8. X AUG. 1,

ing and scraping. When spoken to he answered in very
good French, but without using more words than he
could help, while the blush that suffused his face gave
unmistakable signs of his discomfiture. One evening,
while a guest at his table, I asked some trifling question
about his native land a question which could easily
have been answered in five or six short phrases. Lord
Kosebery replied well, certainly, but he blushed crimson
like a girl on making her first appearance in polite
society. The celebrated Mr. Fox, then about twenty
years of age, happened to be present, and succeeded in
making Lord Rotebery laugh ; out they spoke in English,
a language of which 1 did not understand one word."

Casanova has here fallen into an error which may
easily be excused. The Mr. Fox of whom he
speaks was certainly not Charles James Fox, who
in 1760 was only in his twelfth year. It is possible
Casanova may always have believed that the
young man who made Lord Roaebery laugh was a
very extraordinary person, whom he subsequently
confounded with his great namesake. The Lord
Kosebery in question was Niel born 1728 who
succeeded his father in 1756, and married in 1764 a
Miss Ward of Hanover Square. At the house of
Marshal Botta, in Florence, Casanova made the
acquaintance of Sir Horace Mann, at that time
English Resident at the Court of Tuscany :

"Dining one day with Marshal Botta I made the
acquaintance of Sir Horace Mann, who was the idol of
Florence. He was a very rich man ; amiable, although
English ; full of wit and good taste, besides being a good
judge of art. Next day, by invitation, 1 visited Mann
at bis own residence, which adjoined a very fine garden.
In this residence, which Mann had himself created, the
furniture, pictures, choice books, everything testified in
a conclusive manner to the natural bent of his genius."

Sir Horace was at this time in his sixty-first
year, and lived at the Casa Mannetti by the Ponte
de Trinita. The poet Gay visited him here, and,
after describing him as the best and most obliging
person in the world, says : " I am delighted with
his house, from the windows of which we can fish
in the Arno."

Mann died at Florence in 1786, having passed
forty-six years in an official capacity there. From
Florence Casanova passed on to Rome, where he
made the acquaintance of three remarkable men
Raphael Mengs, Winckelmann, and Cardinal
Fassionei. Meogs at that time resided at the
famous Villa Albani, built by Carlo Marchionni,
from the designs of the celebrated Cardinal Albani.
Casanova says :

" I was much impressed by this villa, so full of won-
drous works of art, of Greek statues, vases, and antique
pedestal?. If it had been built by a king it would have
cost him at least fifty millions of francs ; whereas
Cardinal Alexander Albani, who purchased the greater
part of his collection on credit, did so at a comparatively
email outlay. It being impossible to adorn the walls
and ceilings with antique paintings, the Cardinal em-
ployed Mengp, who was indisputably the most laborious
ana the greatest painter of his epoch."

On the ceiling of the fine gallery on the ground
floor of this palace, Raphael Mengs painted a

superb fresco, representing Apollo and Mnemosyne
on Mount Parnassus, surrounded by the Muses.
It was while engaged upon that grand work that
Casanova first made his acquaintance. Winckel-
mann was a man of middle height, with a very low
forehead, sharp nose, and little black hollow eyes,
which gave him a gloomy aspect. If there was
anything graceful in his physiognomy it was his
mouth, yet his lips were too prominent. When
animated and in good humour his features formed
an ensemble that was pleasing. A fiery, impetuous
disposition often threw him into extremes ; and
being naturally enthusiastic he allowed his imagina-
tion to run away with him. Fortunately, he was
gifted with a good deal of tound common sense,
which enabled his acute judgment to assert itself.
He had little or no self-control, and no reserve what-
ever. Fearless as a writer, he was still more BO in
conversation, and often made his associates tremble
for the temerity of his remarks. If ever maD
knew the true meaning of friendship that man was
Winckelmann. Staunch and loyal to the core, he
could boast of having friends in every walk of life.
He was naturally unsuspicious ; while the frank-
ness with which he uttered his sentiments upon
all occasions and his absolute trust in the good
faith of others ultimately led to his untimely
death. In June, 1768, while passing through
Trieste, on his way from Vienna, he fell in with- a
native of Campiglio named Arcangeli. This man,
recently liberated from the galleys, to which be had
been condemned for robbery, after wandering about
for some time took up his quarters at an n n out-
side Trieste, where Winckelmann happened to pass
the night. Arcangeli paid the unsuspicious savant
assiduous attentions, and so completely gained his
confidence that Winckelmann showed him the
rich presents he had received at Vienna. Arcangeli
at sight of these treasures resolved to murder and
rob him, and bought a sharp knife for that purpose.
Next morning, while Winckelmann (who bad
in the most, friendly manner invited Arcangeli
to Rome) was sitting in his chair that villain
threw a rope over his head, and before Winckel-
mann could disengage himself stabbed him in
five different places. Winckelmann had strength
enough to get down to the ground floor and call
for help. Being laid on a bed, suffering the most
horrible pain, he yet had sufficient composure to
receive the last sacrament, and then made a will
by which he appointed Cardinal Albani his
residuary legatee. That afternoon he died. His
assassin, who meanwhile had effected his escape,
was soon afterwards arrested, and executed on the
wheel opposite to the ion. Casanova, writing
from memory a quarter of a century later, errone-
ously states that Winckelmann was assassinated at
Trieste in 1772, whereas, as a matter of fact, that
untoward event took place four years earlier.
Winckelmann's accomplishments deeply impressed

?. X.Aoo. 1, '96..

NOTES AND QUERIES.

Casanova, who speaks of him as a second volnme
to the celebrated Abbe" de Voisenon. He presented
Casanova to Cardinal Albani, who was at that time
nearly blind and talked incessantly without ever
saying anything worth hearing. He was sub-
sequently presented to Cardinal Passionei, the
implacable foe of Jesuits, and a man of wit well
versed in literature. Passionei was appointed
librarian of the Vatican by Benedict XIV., and
had received the honour of election to the French
Academy under the peculiar title " Assocte
Stranger." He was at this time in his seventy-
ninth year, and decidedly eccentric. He died on
10 July in the following year :

" Cardinal Passionei received me in a spacious apart-
ment, where he wa* occupied in writing. Having asked
me to wait until he was at liberty, he continued to write,
but it wa< not in his power to offer me a chair, because
tie himself occupied the only seat in that huge apart-
ment. When ha had finished, Passionei rose, nnd
advanced towards me. He told me that he would
acquaint the P< pe of my desire to.be presented, and
added : ' But my friend Cornaro could easily have made
* better choice, became he well knows that the Holy
Father has no love for me.'

" ' It is evident,' said I, ' that Cornaro preferred a man
whom the Pope respect?, to one whom His Holiness
loves.'

" ' I do not know whether the Pope respects me. but
am certain he knows that I do not respect him. I liked
and respected him while he was a Cardinal, and I helped
to make him a Pope; but since he has worn the tiara
I have changed my opinion.' I was much amused to
hear a cardinal BO express himself in regard to the
Sovereign Pontiff, but Cardinal Passionei was original in
every sense of the word.

" Next day I returned to the cardinal's apartment at
an earlier hour than usual.

" ' I am glad that you have come so early,' said Pas-
sionei, ' for I can now satisfy my curiosity by listening
to the details of your marvellous escape from the Piombi.'

"' Monseigneur,' said I, ' I am willing to tell you that
tory, but it is a long one.'

" ' All the better, for I hear that you tell it well.'

" ' But, Monseigneur. do you wish me to sit upon the
floor 1 '

" ' By no means. You would spoil those fine clothes.'
The cardinal rang, and ordered an attendant to bring a
chair.

11 A few momenta later a servant entered, bringing a

footstool under his arm. I was so much annoyed that

I gabbled through my narrative in a quarter of an hour.

' ' You do not narrate so well as I can write,' said the

cardinal drily.

" ' Monseigneur, I only speak eloquently when at my
ease.'

1 1 hope that my presence does not disconcert you ? '
'No, Monseigneur. A man, and above all, a wise
man, never disconcerts me. But your footstool'

' ' You like your creature comforts, I perceive.'

41 Above all things.'

"Here,' mid the cardinal, abruptly changing the
subject, ' I make you a present of the oration which I
delivered at the funeral of Prince Eugene. 1 trust that
you will not find my Latin bad. You may kiss the Holy
Father's slipper at ten o'clock to-morrow morning.' "

The funeral oration in question was delivered
ever Oie body of Prince Eugene by Cardinal Pas-

sionei when sent by Clement XII. as Nuncio to
the Court of Vienna in 1736. OQ his return home
that day, Casanova thought over his interview
with that eccentric cardinal, and resolved to make
him a suitable present. He selected a book which
had been given to him at Berne, and for which he
had no further use. It was the ' Pandectarum
liber unicus.' As that work was superbly printed
and exqusitely bound it seemed to be an appro-
priate gift to make to a cardinal who possessed a
fine private library under the superintendence of
Winckelmann. Having written a short letter in
Latin, Casanova enclosed it in another to his friend
Winckelmann, begging him to present that humble
offering to His Eminence :

" This rare work seemed to me to be well worth the
cardinal's funeral oration nay, it might possibly pro-
mote me to the dignity of a chair on my next visit."

On the following morning Casanova presented
himself at the Quirinal :

"It was not absolutely necessary for me to be intro-
duced by any one, because every Christian may enter the
audience chamber the moment the doors are opened.
Besides. I bad known His Holiness at Padua while he
was bishop of that city. But I had made up my mind to
have the honour of being presented by a cardinal. Having
made my humble obeisance to the Head of the Church,
I kissed the sacred emblem embroidered on his holy
slipper. Whereupon the Pope, placing his right hand
on my left shoulder, told me he remembered that at
Padua I always slipped out of the room the moment he
began to tell his beads.

" ' Holy Father ! I have many greater sins with which
to reproach myself. I now prostrate myself before your
Holiness in order to receive absolution.'

" The Pope gave me absolution, and graciously inquired
what special favour he couM accord to me.

" ' I seek the intercession of your Holinea, so that I
may be permitted to return in safety to Venice.'

"'We will confer with the Ambassador,' replied the
Pope, 'and we will give an answer later on. Do you
often visit Cardinal Pasaionci 1 '

" I have waited on his Eminence three times. He
has been good enough to make me a present of his
funeral oration, and, in order to prove my gratitude for
that condescension, I have sent him a precious volume
for his library.'

" ' Has be received it ? '

" ' I believe so, Holy Father.'

" ' In that case he will send Winckelmann to pay you
for it.'

" ' That would be treating me like a bookseller. I will
not accept payment.'

'"If you pereist, he will return the book. There can
be no question about that,' ^id the Pope.

" ' And if His Eminence returns the book, I shall send
back his funeral oration.'

" This reply fairly tickled the Pope. His Holiness
clapped his hands to his sides, and shook with laughter.

"'It would be pleasant to know the end of this
business,' he said at length ; ' but we do not wish any one
to be informed of our harmless curiosity.'

" The Pope then gave me his blessing, and my audience
ended.

" Later in the day Winckelmann 'called upon me, and
said that I had the good fortune to be in Cardinal Pas-
sionei's good graces. That the book which I had sent
to him was valuable becau-e rare, and in far better pie-

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[8 th S. X.Auo. 1,'96.

servation than the copy in tl>e Vatican library. He
ended up by saying that he had orders to pay for it. T
told Winckelmann that I had already written to Hi
Eminence saying that it was my intention to make bin
a present of the book. Winckelmann replied that the
Cardinal never accepts presents, and wished to purchase
the book for his own library.

" ' That may be,' I rejoined ; ' but I am not a bookseller
This work was presented to me, and I will not part with
it for money. I impore you to explain this to the Car
dinal, and tell him that I should feel honoured by its
acceptance.'

44 ' He will return the book,' said Winckelmann drily.

'"He ia welcome to do PO. But in that case I shal
return his funeral oration, for I will not accept presents
from any one who declines a like favour at my hands.' "

The next day the eccentric cardinal sent back
the book, and Casanova returned the cardinal's
funeral oration. Although Casanova bad barely
glanced through that effusion, he thought proper to
write a letter to its author in which he expressed
his humble opinion that the work in question was
a masterpiece. The cardinal's scruples turned out
to Casanova's advantage. His Holiness the Pope,
having deigned to accept the work for the Vatican
library, bestowed upon its donor the cross per
taming to the order of the Golden Spur.

KICHARD EDGCQMBE.
33, Tedworth Square, Chelsea.

(To be continued.']

A "BBE'S KNEE." Among the minor curio-
sities of language is what one may call the unequal
or the irregular distribution of similes. Colloquial
comparisons which are as familiar as household
words in one family or district are quite unknown
in another. I have just come upon a case in point
in reading Mr. Locker-Lampson's ' Confidences.'
In a foot-note to p. 98, speaking of an aunt, a nun
at Bruges, he remarks that, offering him, as a boy,
some gift of slender dimensions, the nun said,
" Well, only this ; it isn't so big as a bee's knee."
On this Mr. Locker- Lampaon comments that he
had never heard the simile before, nor had he since.
I do not know whether the " bee's knee " is familiar
to other people, but I have known and used the
simile ever since I was a small child.

G. L. APPERSON.

GOOD FRIDAY NIGHT. The following story,
illustrative of the Lincolnshire superstition that
persons born on Good Friday night cannot be
frightened, was told me by a fellow- servant of its
hero and its victim.

There was a lad living on the farm who had
been born on Good Friday night, and who, there-
fore, could not be frightened. One of his mates
determined to test his immunity, and, covering
himself with a white sheet, waylaid him, on a dark
night, in the churchyard. The lad coolly asked
what he was "fooling at," and knocked him down
with a stick he was carrying. When he got home
he was asked by some who were in the plot whether

he had met anything. He replied that Jim had
tried to frighten him, but he had "lamed" him
a lesson. As "Jim " did not return to the house,
he was sought for, and found dead. The " lesson >f
had been effectual. This happened some forty
or fifty years ago, I believe. C. C. B.

RECORDS OF THE REVOLUTION OF 1688. The
following are copies of warrants issued in prepara-
tion for the coming struggle, from the originals in
my possession :

The Master of His Maties Ordenance is hereby ordered
to deliver unto Sir John Drumond of Machanie for the
use of the Governor in the Castle of Innerary The num-
ber of Threttie sex fyrelocks Threttie-six Patwutasheg
and Threttie six Bajonetts For wch these presents and
bis receipt oblidgeing himselfe to returne them when
called for sail be your warrand. Dated at Edr. this 21
day of March 1688.

J. HAMILTON PERTH CANCELS
BALCARRES ATHOLL
TARBERT.

At Halyrood house the 2 d day of September 1688.

These are warranding & impowering you L 4 General!
Dowglas to seaze & secure the armes of all commones
& all Heritors under ten pound sterlin of valued rent
within the shyres of Renfrew Clidesdale Nithsdale Air
& its baylries of Kyle Carrick & Cunninghame Gallo
way & Kirkcudbright & that with all diligence & secrecy
& as near as can be in on tyme to evite alarming of
them ; But you shall strictly prohibit all who are im-
ployed to injure any diretly or indirectly in persons or
goods, except in seazing of armes allenarly, & what
armes shall be seazed you shall cause cary them to the
Castles of Stirlin or Dumbarton as you find most con-
venient, this being in obedience to his Maties pleasure
signified to us by my Lord Chanceler.

TARBERT PERTH CAN CELL
ATHOLL.

You are like ways to put all the people whether
Tenants their Sons & Daughters or any other sort of
people living in the countries you are to search to their
oaths concerning their having or knowledge of others
having any arms concealed & where they are hid.

PERTH CANCELL,

A. G. REID.
Auchterarder.

WESTMINSTER ABBKY. I have no doubt that
many of your readers will be as delighted as I am
to hear that at last that unsightly hoarding is
about to be removed from the north-east corner of
the Abbey. It has been an eyesore ever since I
can recollect ; but as that is very indefinite, I wish
to ask when it was first put there. It will be as
well to have some authentic record of the date, so
that posterity may see what a patient, long-suffer-
ing being a nineteenth-century Londoner was.

Once I was able to roam about the Abbey freely
and in solitude : the freedom disappeared at the
ime of the dynamite scare, since which date the
mblic have not been allowed to enter by the Poets*
Corner door. This was an inestimable loss which
may be recovered, but the solitude has gone for
iver ; one must now seek that in country cathedrals,

I have seen every abbey and cathedral in England,

X. AUG. 1, '96.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

and in none do I recollect the nave being con-
stantly closed to the public as at the Abbey. On
Sundays the inconvenience of this is even more
noticeable, when the sole door open, the north door,
is completely blocked. True, out of service time
you may slink into the nave through one of the
delightful cloister doors; but why not the west
doors ? Fancy the west doors of St. Paul's being
always closed ! RALPH THOMAS.

" GENT." An early use of this elang expression
is to be found in some verses (probably by Elkanah
Settle) quoted by Walter Thornbury, in his ' Old
and New London/ from a poem on the 'Lord
Mayor's Banquet of Sir Samuel Fiudyer,' 1761,
and apparently published at the time :
Where are your eyes and ears 1
See there what honourable gent appears !

E. WALFORD.
Ventnor.

BREAKING GLASS. (See 8 th S! iv. 243, 315,)

" Few there are who know why truth is said to be at
the bottom of a well ; but this I can, indeed, declare
to you. For as a mirror was above all things an emblem
of truth, because it shows all things exactly as they
are, so the water in a well was, as many traditions prove,
considered as a mirror, because looking into it we see
our face and for this reason a mirror was also re-
garded as expressing life itself, for which reason people
BO greatly fear to break them." C. G. Leland, ' Legends
of Florence/ First Series, p. 39.

C. C. B.

SERJEANTS' RINGS. (See 6 th and 7 tb S. passim)
With a view to its identification, I send you
particulars of one of these gold rings, which I
have within the last few days been so fortunate as
to acquire. It was picked up on land at or near
Sittingbourne, Kent. Its width is nearly two-
eighths of an inch, and weight fifty-eight grain?.
On its outer surface, between a row on either side
of small indentations, it bears the following
motto in capital letters : LEGis-f EXECVCIO+
REGis-4-pRESERVACio. After each sentence is an
ornament, similar to a Maltese cross, but having
five members ; and between the words of each
sentence two small lines crossing each other.
There is no mark on the inner side. I shall be
much obliged for help in tracing this ring to its
originator. HUMPHREY WOOD.

Chatham.

THE ORDER OF THE ST. ESPRIT. The Due de
Nemours was the last surviving member of the
extinct Order of the St. Esprit (World, 1 July,
? 17). ANDREW OLIVER.

" Go SPIN, YOU JADES, GO SPIN ! " This
address, said to have been made by the Earl of
Pembroke to the nuns of Wilton Abbey, is so
familiar as to have a quasi-proverbial sound : yet
on looking for the story, I found it in none of the

well-known histories, from Strype to Green. At
last MR. E. H. MARSHALL kindly referred me to
Miss Yonge's ' Cameos.' Speaking of the dissolu-
tion of abbeys, carried out by the agency of Crom-
well c. 1535, she says : " The poor nuns were
treated with the utmost harshness. At Wilton
the Earl of Pembroke drove them out to destitu-
tion, saying, ' Go spin, you jades, go spin ! ' " This
account, if not absolutely incorrect, is at least
misleading, as we should gather therefrom that
the ignominious expulsion took place at this time.
In point of fact, the abbey was quietly rendered
up, a grant of it was made to Lord Pembroke, and
the nuns were pensioned. In the third year of
Queen Mary seventeen nuns were in receipt of
pensions varying from 10J. to 4Z. annually the
latter sum, it must be owned, being received by
much the greater number. (Note in Dugdale.) At
this time they were reinstated in the abbey, and
what follows I have found in Aubrey, whom I
suppose to be the sole authority for oar anecdote.
Being a Wiltshire man, he would probably have
learnt it through local tradition. In his bio-
graphical notice of that laical Vicar of Bray, Lord
Pembroke, he says :

"In Queen Mary's time, upon the returne of the
Catholique Religion, the nunnes came again to Wilton
Abbey : and this William E. of P. came to the gate
(which lookes towards the Court by the street, but is
now walled up) with his cappe in hand, and fell upon
his knee to the Lady Abbeese and the nuance, crying
peccavi. Upon Q. Mary's death the Earle came to
Wilton (like a tygre) and turned them out, crying, ' Out
ye whores, to worke to worke ye whores, go spinne.' "

During the three or four years of restitution
death may have thinned the rank of the older
nuns, and in all probability the sisterhood was
recruited with new members. For these, if such
there were, one can scarcely feel so much sympathy.
They would be young, with some possibility of a
career yet before them ; moreover one thinks they
might have better read the signs of the time. In
their case, therefore, some little abatement may be
made in respect of the earl's cruel insult. We
should like to think that the elder nuns again
received their small pensions ; bat as to this there
seems to be no evidence forthcoming.

C. B. MOUNT.

COMMEMORATIVE PIES. The following account
of a huge commemorative pie at Denby Dale, near
Barnsley, should surely find a place in ' N. & Q.'
It is from the Daily News of 27 June, p. 7 :

"Would this not be a dainty dish to set before the
Cobden Clubl What a pity it will not be ready for the
feast to-day. Our Barnsley correspondent says : The
inhabitants of Denby Dale, a hamlet in the township of
Denby, near Barnsley, who for over a century have
baked large pies in commemoration of remarkable events
in the history of the country, are preparing to celebrate
the Jubilee of the Repeal of the Corn Laws on Saturday,
August 1, by means of another large pie. A pie was
baked in commemoration of the recovery of George III.

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[8" S. X. AUG. 1,

from mental affliction. At the conclusion of peac
between England and France in 1815 another large pi
was baked, containing half a sheep, twenty fowls ar .<
half a peck of flour. The Repeal Pie,' as it is lo'ca
called waj made on August 29, IS^ and was drawn
through the village with thirty-one hordes, headed by
three bands of music. The pie was 7 feet in diameter 7
1 foot 10 inches deep, and contained forty stones o

crn U w^/f^n 8 nn 8erVe( ) in ^' e P re8ence of n estimated
crowd df 60,000 people. On the occasion of the Jubilee
o^f Queen Victoria another monster pie was provided on
August 27, 1887. The pie was baked in a dish weighing

Th CW * S I h Wa8 8 feet in diameter an <l 2 feet deep
1 he total weight was over two tons, and the cost va
put down at 250*. It was drawn by ten horses The
pie when cut into was gamey, and few could eat 'it A
smaller pie was made on September 3, 1887, and fully
2,000 persons dined off it. The coming pie will be 6 feet

la . n T*** 1 ! feet 6 T, Che8 in "5S Owing to the
Jarge crowds which assemble, arrangements are being
made for mounted and other police. Barriers will

Norwich. JAMES H PfiR -

" TWOULD A SAINT PROVOKE." At Grinton
m Swaledale, says Cooke's < Guide to Richmond,'
&c. (p. 82),

" the parish registers begin with the year 1640 In the

De r r n 9 ai h e d li - e %H nn M Barker - A8 e known all
defauH of v , th % olden time to be bu d in wool, in
default of which a fine was levied on the next of kin
It is said that Ann Barker was the last person in En^
land in respect of whose burial such a fine was chafed
he having been buried in linen, contrary to the statute!
The document levying the fine is dated 2 May, 1692."

ST. S WITH IN.
[See Indexes to ' N. & Q.,' pearim.]

COLLINS'S ' PEERAGE.' In a letter of 20 Dec
1735, from the Hon. Edward Southwell to Dr'
Marmaduke Coghill, Chancellor of the Exchequer

TV? ' m? lch was formerl y in the possession
of Thos. Thorpe, the bookseller, of London, it is

"~~

i. i!i" 8 u * ^ reat book f*- ' the ' Peerage of England '
first pub .shed, in 3 vols. 8vo., same yearf is only from a
manuscript he bought, and these kind of claims [refer*
rmg to his (Southwell's) claim to the lapsed barony of
Cromwell] do not seem to be the v orks of his own
btudy and profession."

Southwell was personally acquainted with Collins
and there seems no reason to doubt that the state-
ment was well founded. It would therefore appear
that the latter was not the real author of the
Peerage ' which goes by his name.

W. I. R. V.

BRASS AT COWFOLD, SUSSEX. -The attention
of archaeologists should, I think, be drawn to the
following paragraph in the Chichester Diocesan
gazette for May, in order that means may
be taken before it is too late, to prevent the
removel from its proper place on the floor of so
fane a specimen of a monumental brass The

ting, there seems no sufficient reason why this well-
preserved brass should be removed from the
position it has occupied for more than four and a
half centuries :

"A suggestion was made at the Easter Vestry for the
preservation of the splendid brass to Thomas Nelond
Prior of Lewes (06. 1433), now to be seen in the floor of
tha nave, though covered by matting. It is getting very
much worn, and Mr. Churchwarden Godman suggested
that it might be removed and placed on one of the walls,
and a cross put to mark the spot it had occupied. No'
action, however, was taken."

E. H. W. D.

Grates*

DREAMLAND. Was Lamb the first to make
mention of this now familiar region ? He is cited
by Latham as saying, in a letter to Coleridge,

They are real, and have a venue in their re-
spective districts m dreamland." Will any reader
of Lamb send to the ' Dictionary ' an exact reference
:o this letter, and especially its date ? Has Dream-
and a capital D ? J. A. H. MURRAY.

Oxford.

DREAM-HOLES. Is there any historical or
jopular evidence that these were sound-holes ?
So far as I see this is only a recent speculation of
'iterary men ; the popular use seems to know them
mly as holes for light, as stated by Grose in 1787,
>nd many dialect glossaries since.

J. A. H. M.

" BECHATTED. "This word, with the sense of
1 bewitched," is said to be used in Lincolnshire and
)evonshire. I should be glad to be informed
hether the word is in use in any other part of
reat Britain. THE EDITOR OF

1 TEE ENGLISH DIALECT DICTIONARY.'
The Clarendon Pres?, Oxford.

JOURNAL OF THE REV. JOHN BERRY, M.A. I
m anxious to ascertain whether the journal of the
Rev. John Berry, M.A., mentioned in Calamy's
* History of the Nonconformists,' is still in exist-
ence, and in the possession of any of his descend-
ants, of whom 1 am one. He was one of the
ministers ejected on St. Bartholomew's Day,
24 Aug., 1662, formerly a fellow of Oriel College,
Oxford, and then Rector of East Down, near
Barnstaple. MARIA POOLE.

15, Nottingham Place, W.

THE " REIGN " OF RECTORS. Over the porch of
the church of Mouzkildi ( = sproutery in Basque),
Basses Pyre'ne'e?, the following inscription shows
the desire of an ecclesiastic to magnify his office :

. , "oo. J.UG imo ueaiic ui ii DWioaiOBUU tu mayuiiy IIIH uiliue .

motive may be good ; but, covered as it is by mat- | " Get ovvrage a este fait av comancem' dv regne

8*8. X. A co. 1, '96.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

dArnavd Lovis Darhex cvre Jan 1709 Barneix
Marc." Can instances be adduced from any Eng
lieh documents or inscriptions since the Reforma
tion under Henry VIII. of Anglican rectors o
parishes described as "reigning" in their sphere o
jurisdiction ? PALAMKDES,

AUTHORS OF BOOKS WANTED.

Will Whimeical's Miscellany. Chichester : printec
by J. Seagrave for Longman & Reee. London. 8vo
Preface dated 1799.

The Squib; or, Searchfoot : an unedited little work
which Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra wrote in defence o
the first part of the Quijote. Published by Don Adolfo
de Castro, at Cadiz, 1847. Translated from the Origin*
Spanish by a Member of the University of Cambridge
Cambridge, J. Deighton ; London, John W. Parker
Liverpool, Deighton & Luughton. 1849. 8vo.

A. B. W.

THE SHIELD FOR WIVES. On what authority
rests the displaying of a married woman's coat on
a crestless shield instead of a loznge ? Y.

THAMAR, OF PETERBOROUGH.

"We see from a Suffolk i.ewspaper that the organ in
St. Michael's Church, Frainlingham, probably one of the
oldest in the country, was reopened on Easter Sunday,
after repairs. The instrument, it is taid, was built as
long ago as 1674, by Thumar, of Peterborough, and is
the oniy known organ of his construction. We should
like to know a little more about this Thamar. This
organ was made for the chapel at Pembroke College,
Cambridge, but about 1700 it was presented to Frain-
lingham Church by the Master and Fellows of the Col-
lege, who are the pations of the living. The carved
case is an interesting piece of work, and is well known
to ecclesiologists."

The above paragraph is taken from the North-
ampton Mercury of 10 April. Any particulars
concerning Thamar, of Peterborougb, would be
welcome. JOHN T. PAGE.

5, Capel Terrace, Southend-on-Sea.

IRISH HISTORICAL MANUSCRIPTS IN TRINITY
COLLEGF, DUBLIN. Much of Harris's 'Life of
William JII.' is based upon a collection of official
correspondence which was in his possession when
he wrote, and which is now in the library of
Trinity College, Dublin. I do not know the title
under which this collection is indexed, and hitherto
all efforts of mine to trace it in the catalogue or
through the assistance of the courteous officials of
the library have been unavailing. I shall be
greatly obliged to any person who will tell me
under what reference the volumes are to be found.
Portions of their contents have been published at
various times, and some of the letterp, notably
those of Sarsfield, were reproduced in facsimile in
The National Manuscripts of Ireland.'

J. DE CODRCY MACDONNELL.
* airy Hill, Limerick.

DUNDEE AT KILLIEKRANKIE. Was he not shot
by a man who married his widow ? i. ., was he

not assassinated by one of his own side I The mur-
derer's wife and child were killed in Holland by
the house falling down, and brought to Scotland
for burial. About a hundred years later she was
dug up, and exposed to the curious. A. 0. H.

JACOBITE SONG. Who wrote the words and
the beautiful music of the following ? Can any
one supply the other verses ?
Once in fair England my Blackbird did flourish,
He was the chief flower that in it did spring ;
Prime ladies of honour his person did nourish,
Because that he was the true son of a King.
But this false fortune
Which still is uncertain

Has caused this long parting between him and me ;
His name 1 '11 advance
In Spain and in France,
And seek out my Blackbird, wherever he be.

AN LON DUBH.

AARON MILLER, CLOCKMAKKR. Will some one
kindly give me the date of an old clock made by
Aaron Miller ? The house in which it stands was
built about 1695. The clock is supposed to be
as old as the house. MORICHES.

ROBIN HOOD. Can any reader of ' N. & Q.'
furnish me with a list of the springs or runnels of
water named after Robin Hood, and give me
information concerning their whereabouts? I
should also be glad to learn whether such springs
are supposed to be connected with the ancient
May games, or whether they are imagined to owe
their relationship with Robin to once existing
myths now lost. If the- " gentle thief " was for-
merly a supernatural ruler of the greenwood, it
is not only possible, but likely that he also had
control of water and sunlight, for a power directing
vegetative energy would be almost helpless without
such authority. E. N. F. C.

*THE REEL OF TOLLOCH.' What is the origin
of * The Reel of Tulloch '; and are there any words
to the tune ? There are to some reels, such as
Tullocbgorum,' of which the origin and meaning
seems not to be known for certain. I believe
; Tullochgorum ' was first printed in Craig's col-
ection of 1730. HY. B. TULLOCH.

Olencairn, Torquay.

" BOBTAIL." In the ' Masque of Flowers,'
L614, the word " bobtail" occurs as the name of
i musical instrument. What kind of an instru-
ment was it ? H. A. EVANS,
16, Manchester Road, Chorlton-cum-Hardy.

"LouNDER." Can any philological reader of
N. & Q.' suggest a derivation lor this word ?
t is not uncommon in Scottish speech to-day,
and means " to beat severely," " to thrash." The
lictionaries, so far as I can find, do cot settle the
rigin. The * Century ' gives no explanation,
whilst the 'Imperial' truces the word to Icel.

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[8 th S. X. AUG. 1,'96.

Lh'.un, the buttock. The primary meaning might
suit this explanation; but in Scotch, as I have
been accustomed to hear it, a " foundering " might
as readily be associated with punishable parts of
the person indiscriminately, as the shoulders or the
hands ; the expression, indeed, seems to refer more
to the nature than the direction of the blows. The
use of a strap or thong, or other weapon, however,
is always implied. Perhaps some of your readers
could throw light on the subject. W. B.

AUTHORS or QUOTATIONS WANTED.

Mediis tranquillua in undis.

DOLLAR.

When luxury opens wide her arms,
And smiling woos thee to those charma
Whose fascination thousands own,
Shall thy brows wear the Stoic frown ?

V. 8. L.
He fought

For truth and wisdom, foremost of the brave ;
Him glory's idle glances dazzled not ;
'Twas his ambition, generous and great,
A life to life's great end to consecrate.
Quoted by Shelley on the subject of Washington, in
Trelawny's ' Records of Shelley, Byron, and the Author,'
p. 86, Pickering, 1887. E. S.

A JOKE OF SHERIDAN.

(8" S. x. 29.)

THORNFIELD desires a reference to these words,
said to have been spoken by Sheridan : " Referring
to a political opponent, a needy place-hunter, known
to have been a pupil [of a baker or of one who
lived at a baker's shop], said, ' the right honourable
gentleman went to the baker for his eloquence and
to the House of Commons for his bread.' " .If
Sheridan ever uttered these words, the right hon-
ourable gentleman must have been Burke, who, in
his earlier years, in common with many others who
afterwards made their mark, was a member of the
Robin Hood Society, which met in Essex Street
and was called by Horace Walpole " the Oratorical
Club." The chairman of the society was a speaker
of remarkable ability, and he summed up the debate.
I do not see any point in the remark that " the
right honourable gentleman went to the baker for
his eloquence," or the additional one that he had
also gone "to the House of Commons for his
bread." But did Sheridan ever utter the words ?
There is 110 trace of them in ' The Parliamentary
History,' or in the collected edition of his speeches.
They are to be found, it is true, in ' Sheridaniana/
among other things which, as I have written in my
4 Biography of Sheridan,' he never did nor uttered.
They have been reproduced in * Bon Mots/ edited
by W. Jerrold, but I am not one of those who
maintain that a mis-statement gains credibility
by repetition. A few words in the passage are

authentic, just as certain parts in the current report
of Sheridan's great speech in Westminster Hall
were his own, while in both cases the reporter or
the repeater is responsible for the fiction. Sheridan
did use these words, with reference to Burke, on
4 March, 1793 :

"Mr. Sheridan then expressed his surprise at the
manner in which Mr. Burke had talked of the conduct
of parties, who had long since stated that he was uncon-
nected with any party, who had gone from the living
Whigs to the dead, and whom, having quitted the camp
as a deserter, he never suspected of returning to it as a
spy." 'Speeches,' vol. ii. p. 178.

This is the record of what Sheridan said. I fear
that THORNFIELD will never be supplied with an
authority for the added words in ' Sheridaniana.'

W. FRASER KAE.

The Reform Club.

THORNFIELD is not quite correct as regards the
facts put forward in his query, if my authority
speaks truthfully. In ' Sheridaniana ; or, Anec-
dotes of the Life of Richard Brinsley Sheridan, his
Table Talk and Bon Mots,' London, Henry Col-
burn, New Burlington Street, 1826, p. 278, the
following is given as the anecdote referred to :

" It is, of course, known that Mr. Burke, in the early
part of his life, enlisted under the banners of Opposition,
and was a constant frequenter of the house of a baker
of the name of Tarcome, where the aspirants for fame,
on that side of the question, used to meet, and debate
certain proposed questions; the baker himself was
eventually constituted perpetual president of the well-
known Robin Hood Society ; such was the estimation in
which he was held by the disciples of Whiggery. Upon
a memorable occasion, Mr. Burke, in the House of
Commons, exclaimed, ' I quit the camp,' and suddenly
crossed the House, and having seated himself on the
Ministerial Benches, shortly after rose, and made a most
brilliant speech in opposition to his ci-devant friends
and adherents. Sheridan was a good deal nettled at
what he considered a needless defection, and replied with
something like asperity to Mr. Burke's attack, and con-
cluded his speech with nearly these words : ' The
honourable gentleman, to quote his own expression,
has " quitted the camp," he will recollect that he quitted
it as a deserter, and I sincerely hope he will never
attempt to return as a spy; but 1, for one, cannot sym-
pathise in the astonishment with which an act of apostacy
so flagrant has electrified the house ; for neither I nor
the honourable gentleman have forgotten whence he
obtained the weapons which he now uses against us ; so
far from being at all astonished at the honourable gentle-
man's tergiversation, I consider it not only characteristic
but consistent, that he who in the outset of life made so
extraordinary a blunder as to go to a baker's for elo-
quence, should finish such a career by coming to the
House of Commons to get bread.' "

J. FINLAY SWEETING.

SAMUEL PEPYS (8 th S. ix. 307,489; x. 33).
The nature of MR. DAVEY'S corrections might, in
the case of a less-known name, suggest an incom-
plete acquaintance with D'Avenant's works. Cer-
tainly they are not corrective in any single sense.

I gave in my notes a list of the composers who

8 k S. X. Atra. 1, '86.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

wrote the music to the first part of ' The Siege o
Rhodes.' MR. DAVEY repeats my list, and add
the arrangement of the acts ; in other words
merely confirms my statement, leaving the matte
exactly where it was.

The two parts of the ' Siege ' are widely enough
separated in matter, and above all in style to
warrant our regarding them as different plays
indeed, it is difficult to see how they could have
been combined effectively. Combined, however,
they were, forming the third and last stage of the
opera. When MR. DAVEY speaks of the complete
score of the * Siege ' being in existence, one would
suppose that the combined work is referred to.
In this case it would not be difficult to discover
the original setting of the words " Beauty, retire !"
to which Pepys had apparently added some music
himself. But, after mentioning " complete copies "
of the work, MR. DAVEY adds a list of composers
who collaborated in the music of the first part
only ; and in this not only the* words referred to,
but the character to whom they are addressed, do
not even exist !

The first part (1656), in five acts, concludes with
the ridiculous " coffee " chorus ; the second (1661),
also in five acts, reflects more credit on D'Avenant,
is well knit, and superior from a dramatic point of
view to the first, though less full of musical con-
cessions ; the third (1661-2) appears to have been
merely a combination of the first .and second. If
MR. DAVEY is acquainted with the music to the
second part, he certainly does not mention the
fact. Nor do different opinions of Lawes, Cooke,
and Locke help the matter very much. Hawkins
dubs Cooke " but a dry composer "; and " dry " is
a mild term for the few songs of his which appear
in Piayford's collections.

Burney certainly has the misfortune to be " more
than one hundred years old"; but how MR. DAVEY
arrives at the conclusion that I have founded my
remarks on the sands of his ' History ' I cannot
imagine. I made but one allusion to Burney,
merely to show that doubts have existed as to the
thoroughly "operatic" nature of the work as
advertised by D'Avenant in his prefaces. In the
absence of any approved contradiction or alter-
native theory by MR. DAVEY, I may repeat my
suggestion that Cooke, rather than Lawes or Locke,
was responsible for the greater part of the music
in the later productions of * The Siege of Rhodes,'

GEORGE MARSHALL.
Sefton Park, Liverpool.

COINCIDENCES (8 th S. viii. 124, 177, 270, 334).
The following occurs in the Illustrated Carpenter
and Builder for 13 Dec., 1895 :

" Many of the occurrences in actual life are stranger
than the most unlikely dreams of novelists. The truth
of the following curious incident is guaranteed. In
September, 1892, the daughter of the blacksmith in
Canna, in the far Hebrides, waa wandering on the shore,

gathering driftwood for fuel, when in a small bay, about
100 yards distant from her father's house, she picked up
a piece of wood bearing the inscription, cut with a knife,
' Lachlan Campbell, Bilbao, March 23, 1892.' On taking
it to her mother she became much concerned, as this
was the name of her own eon, who was a boiler-maker
in Spain, and, as would be the case with most people
certainly with Highlanders she could not get over the
superstitious dread that this message from the sea was
the harbinger of evil tidings regarding her son. Her
friends did their best to calm her terror, exhorting her
to wait for an explanation. When writing to her son
she told him of what had happened, and was greatly
relieved on receiving a reply assuring her of his well-
being, but was astonished to learn that he perfectly
remembered how, when on a holiday, he had cut, as
described, on a piece of wood, and had idly thrown it
into the sea from a rock near Bilbao. We all know the
power of ocean currents, and need not be surprised at
this piece of wood having been carried for six months;
but the marvellous and, except for undoubted evidence,
the incredible circumstance in this case is, that this
piece of wood, after its long wandering, should have
been washed on the shore within 100 yards of where
the writer's mother lived, and that it should be picked
up by one of his own family and taken home."

I remember, a few years ago, when in the Arctic
Regions, seeing a buoy, that had got loose and
drifted from the Goodwins, beached high and dry
on shore near Tromso. But that erratic instance
of the ways of ocean currents is as nothing to the
above. HARRY HEMS.

Fair Park, Exeter.

FLAT-IRONS (8* S. viii. 428, 510 ; ir. 96, 174).
The following, from the * Diary ' of John Evelyn,
under date 8 Oct., 1672, is perhaps earlier than
any note made by previous correspondents :

Richardson, the famous Fire-eater also tooke up

a thick piece of yron, such as laundresses use to put in
heir smoothing boxes, when it was fiery hot, held it
)etween his teeth," &c.

GILBERT H. F. VANE.
The Kectory, Wem, Salop.

PERAMBULATOR (8 tb S. viii. 345). In the ' Life
of George Wilson, the Pedestrian,' 1815, the
following notice of the measuring wheel occurs :

" He [t. e., Carey, the mapaeller in the Strand] pro-
posed to give me, for my assistance, a Mechanic il Wheel,
called an Ambulator, to aid me in more accurately
ascertaining my measurements of the roads I was to
travel." P. 20.

Wilson did not avail himself of the proffered
aid, but measured the distances by walking, which
throws considerable doubt as to the accuracy of
Gary's maps of that period. AYEAHR.

TANNACHIE (8 th S. x. 7, 60). I do not think
CANON TAYLOR has got hold of the right clue to
this name, which is probably professional or official,
and not locative. Compare another Scottish sur-
name, Mactaggart, i.e., mac-an-t-shagairt, the
priest's son. Here the .< of sagart has been silenced
by aspiration, and a t inserted for euphony. Many
other instances of these changes in the oblique

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[8 th S. X. AUG. 1, '96.

case in Gaelic might be quoted ; e. g., Mactier =
vnac-t-shiair, Macintyre = mac-an-t-shiair, both
meaning the son of the carpenter. Tannachie,
originally Mactannachie, would, in like manner,
represent mac-t-sheannachaidh, the son of the
sennachy, bard or seer. The prefix Mac is often
dropped in colloquial use of patronymics.

HERBERT MAXWELL.

"ST. SEPULCHRE" (8 tb S. x. 26). MR. BRAND'S
horror at finding St. Sepulchre, Snow Hill,
London, so designated upon the notice-board of
the church was uncalled for. That Stow and
Maitland speak of the church as St. Sepulchre
should have caused him to reflect before writing
to 'N. & Q.' MR. BRAND had for the moment
forgotten that saint is from sanctus, and means
holy, whether place or person is intended. The
prefix St. is now generally reserved for persons,
but, as the present case proves, not necessarily so.
Other examples of saint being used in the sense of
holy are not uncommon in the dedication of
churches, as for instance St. Saviour and St.
Gabriel. Neither our Lord nor the archangel are
to be numbered amongst the saints in the restricted
sense that MB. BRAND would attach to the word.

F. A. KUSSELL.

But what is the difference between Saint
Sepulchre and Holy Sepulchre? There is really
no occasion to object to the expression if it is
understood that the term saint is the equivalent of
the term holy, and that it may be, and is, quite
as properly used with regard to places and things
such as doctrines, events, and books as it is to
persons. Incidentally, it is incorrect to speak of
the church in question as "dedicated to the
memory of " the Holy Sepulchre. Churches are,
as a matter of fact, dedicated to God, and named
in honour of distinguished Christian persons,
places, doctrines, and events. F. P.

WEDDING CEREMONY (8 th S. ix. 406, 475; x.
59). Is not J. T. F. mistaken when he says that
the priest, when he knotted the stole round the
hands of the contracting parties at the wedding
described by MR. ENGLAND HOWLETT, was but
doing what is a modern invention ? Surely in Vander
Wey den's great picture of 'The Seven Sacraments,'
at Antwerp, in that part of it which represents the
sacrament of matrimony the priest is represented
as so doing. M. W.

"MAC" AND "Me" (8 th S. ix. 508). Although,
like MR. PLATT'S friend, I am a native of Limerick,
I cannot corroborate his statement with reference
to the spelling of the prefix Mac. In my experi-
ence the word is invariably pronounced as spelt ;
nor have I known the word Mahon to be pro-
nounced otherwise than with the accent on the
first syllable. The difference in the spelling of
the prefix Mac simply arises from a desire of some

people to abbreviate the word when writing it,
and every one seems to spell it as he wills. A
common abbreviation of it is " M V this, though
I doubt if it would be considered elegant, or even
intelligible, by Celtic scholars, is familiarized to us
in many names ; but I think there are few
Englishmen who could at once correctly pronounce
the name M'Betb, or who would recognize it as an
old familiar friend, yet at least one family I know
of spells its name this way. I was myself grievously
disappointed several years ago to find that the works
of a certain " T. B. M'Aulay," which I saw adver-
tised for sale in an auctioneer's catalogue, were
neither the rarities nor the novelties I bad taken
them for. Perhaps it may interest your corre-
spondent to learn that here, on the borders of the
ancient Thomond, the MacNamaras, a great and
powerful Clare clan, are seemingly considered the
Macs par excellence, and that members of that
clan are, in ordinary conversation, always referred
to as "Denny Mac," "Bob Mac," &c., it being
understood that when Mac alone is used Mac-
Namara is meant.

J. DE COURCY MACDONNELL.
Fairy Hill, Limerick.

Compare herewith the " Mhic-Mac-Methusaleh "
in Aytoun's ' Massacre of the Macpherson,' in the
' Bon Gaultier Ballads.' G. E. C.

REV. J. ARROWSMITH (8 th S. viii. 327). The
Kev. John Arrowsmitb, instituted to the rectory
of Wilcote or Wilcott, co. Oxford, 11 February,.
1733/4 (Bishops' Certificates of Institutions to-
Benefices, dio. Oxford, P.R.O.), was resident at
Charlbury in 1754, in which year he voted at
Oxford as a freeholder, in respect of a freehold at
Wilcote aforesaid (p. 54, " Poll of the Freeholder
of Oxfordshire, taken 17lh of April, 1754," 8vo.
Oxford, 1754). DANIEL HJPWELL.

CORONATION SERVICE (8 th S. ix. 446, 492).
The late Basil Montague Pickering, in 1875, pub-
lished " The Coronation Service according to
the Church of England, edited by John Fuller
Russell," price one shilling. I believe copies may
yet be had of Messrs. Pickering & Chatto, 66,
Haymarket. This pamphlet seems to me to give
in the text and the notes all the information that
can be desired. R. R.

Boston, Lincolnshire.

POTATOES AS A CURE FOR RHEUMATISM (S 01
S. ix. 248, 396, 438). It may appropriately be
noted under this heading that roll sulphur is fre-
quently carried in the pocket as a remedy far
rheumatism. C. C. B.

SPIDER- WORT CALLED "TRINITY" (8 th S. vii/.
109, 177 ; ix. 511). In 'A Dictionary of English
Plant-Names,' by Messr?. Britten and Holland
(E.D.S.) there is the entry : " Trinity. Tradescanti*

8 a 8.X. Aco. 1,'SW.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

virginica, L. Kent (Higham). ' Given the name
about Lee, because they say it blossoms all the
Trinity.' ROT. 0. H. Fielding : no doubt sug-
gested by the three petals of the flower."

F. 0. BIRKBRCK TERRY.

SEDILIA (8 th S. ix. 507). A similar question
respecting the existence of sedilia in foreign
churches appears in 'N. & Q.,' 1" S. xii. 344, to
which there are instances given in reply at pp. 392,
479, with which may be compared a communica-
tion in vol. iii. p. 142. It is apparently the case
that their occurrence is more rare in foreign than
in English churches, but that they are not entirely
absent from the latter. ED. MARSHALL.

GRIMSBY CASTLE, BERKSHIRE (8 tb S. ix. 207).
For Grimsby read Grimsbury ; the so-called
"castle" is a very important earthwork, of com-
paratively late construction, standing in Hampstead-
Norris parish, near the remains of a Roman villa.
The district was marshy, and there are indications
of a Celtic crannog or pile dwelling adjoining.
Grim is supposed to be a form of Odin, thus in-
dicating the presence of the Scandinavian element.
There is a Grimsditch, near East Ilsley, between
the two ridgeways, called variously Icknield Street
and Ickleton Street, also in Berkshire ; and we
find a Grimsdyke in Oxfordshire, which severed
Icknield Street between Mongewell and Nuffield.
Grinosbury also names two hamlets near Banbury.
All this indicates hard fighting ; but we know nothing
certain of the combatants beyond what is reported
of King Alfred at Ashdown, A.D. 871, also in Berk-
shire. But, greatest of all English Grims is the
so-called Grim's dyke, a survival of Antonine's
Roman Wall in the Anglian lowlands of Scotland.

A. HALL.

WEIGHING THE EARTH (8 tb S. ix. 224, 314, 393,
470 ; x. 37). If the astronomer Baily dwelt in
37, Tavistock Place, I gather that this (which was
pulled down this year) must be the house wherein
the earth was weighed. My notion that Britton
the antiquary's house was the one, arose from some
mention by him, when I saw him therein in 1844.
The site of his house will some day form a hand-
pome and useful street from Crescent Place to
Tavistock Square. Bat only the south side thereof
is yet built, and it forms now a front garden to the
three houses called Russell, Bedford, and Tavistock
houses. It is curious that both this and 37, Tavi-
stock Place (lately called The Grove) have been
demolished, and each of them was detached in its
own garden, which can be said of no other in the
thousands within a radius of three or four mile?,
except the three mansions in Regent's Park.

E. L. G.

THE SUFFIX "wRLL"in PLACE-NAMES (8 tb S.
ix. 345, 451 ; T. 17). I can neither understand
nor subscribe to some of the statements made under

this heading. But I should like to make a few
remarks.

No one has yet told us what the O.N. vottr
really is ; so it is worth while to say that it is
merely the Norse equivalent of E. wold, as ex-
plained in my ' Dictionary ' under that title.

I entirely dissent from the statement that " the
O.N. 6 often makes English e "; fora reader might
suppose that "makes" is here equivalent to
"originates." The words eld, elbow, and ern are
all pure English, and exist independently of the
O.N. o. We might as well say that the O.N. o~
" makes " the German e in Ellen-bogen.

In fact, there is a very good reason why the
N. o is totally independent of E. e. It is simply
this ; the O.N. 6 is the w-umlaut of a ; the E. e is
the i-umlaut of a. Hence they are quite different
sounds, and can only be confounded by such as do
not rightly appreciate what umlaut signifies.

To the question, " Is not Somerset itself a Norse
word 1" I at once reply, Certainly not. The
English Somerset has nothing to do with Norse,
but is merely the modern form of A.-S. Sumor-
scetan (plural), with long ce. This word does not
mean " summer abode," but '* summer-settlers."
The A.-S. equivalent of O.N. sumarsetr happens
to be sumerselde. WALTER W. SKEAT.

EARLIEST CIRCULATING LIBRARY (8 ttt S. ix.
447). Assuming that the querist means the
earliest lending library, I may inform him (my
authority being an article by the late James
Clephan, a local antiquary of some note) that
"the first lending library established in England
was that of the Bishop of Durham, Richard de
Bury." Bishop Bury was born in 1281, elevated
to the see of Durham in 1333, and died at Bishop-
Auckland in 1345. A library was founded by
him at Oxford.

"The students of the hall in which the books weie
lodged had the free use of them, under 'a provident
arrangement,' drawn up by the donor, who enacted,
besides,' that books might be lent to strangers,' befog
students of the university not belonging to the hall, the
keepers taking as security a sum exceeding the value of
the loan."

W. E. ADAMS.

Newcaatle-on-Tyne.

Your correspondent will find, on referring to
' N. & Q.' (4" S. ix. 442 ; 5" S. i. 69, 154 ; ix.
426), that a circulating library was in existence
at Dunfermline in 1711, Edinburgh 1725, and
London 1740. EVERARD HOME COLLMAN.

71, Brecknock Road.

See the account of Samuel Fancourt in the-
'Dict. Nbt. Biog.,' and consult 'N. & Q.,' 7" S.
vii. 247, 374 ; xii. 66. W. C. B.

Apropos of C.'s query, though it is not an answer
to it, I hhould like to state that I possess a set of
ihe original issue of Dr. Johnson's ' Lives of the

100

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[8 S. X. Ana, 1, '96.

Poets,' London, 1781, which is in very good con-
dition. ? On the fly-leaf of the first volume is a list
of names of persons among whom it was circulated
from some lending library or book-club. Could
any reader of ' N. & Q.' identify the locality from
the names ? They are as follow, together with the
dates of forwarding :

Johnson's Lives of y e Poet?, Vol. 1. 3 weeks.
I. Humphrys

Nov r 6 to M Brett 26 to

Dec br P. Parkes 14 to

Jan' 1782 Miss Wbitehouse 4 to

E. Elwell 25 to

W m Brett 15Feb r to

John Wright 7 March to

W m Turton 27 to

Jo" Jesson April 17 to

JOB. Wright May 10^ to

Examined.

The same names recur in the same order in each
of the other three volumes, Mrs. Brett receiving
her copies of vols. ii.,iii., and iv. from I. Humphrys
on 16 Feb., 6 June, and 24 June, 1782, the others
receiving the books in due course. It would add
considerably to the interest and value of the set of
volumes could the town in which they were first
circulated as new books be identified.

W. R. TATE.

Walpole Vicarage, Halesworth.

[Many replies have been received.]

" CHILD "= A GIRL, AND NOT A BOY (8 th S. ix.
326 ; x. 13). In Wright's 'Provincial Glossary'
*' child" is given as an equivalent of " girl." Here
it is marked as a Devonshire word. It will be
remembered that Shakspeare, in the * Winter's
Tale/ III. iii., uses the word similarly, where he
makes the old shepherd say, " A boy or a child, J
wonder?" C. P. HALE.

Shakespeare, as is well known, made liberal use
of West-country phrases. On this topic, see the olc
shepherd's query, when he discovers an infant cas
away on the seashore, "A boy or a child, ]
wonder V ('Winter's Tale,' III. iii. 71).

NEMO.

Temple.

I wrote " popularly employed," but the printer
makes me say " properly employed," to which
by no means assent. CHAS. JAS. FERET.

49, Edith Road, West Kensington.

SAUNDERS=CROMPTON (8 tb S. x. 27). I seek
further to trace connexion between Dorothy Cromp
ton and the Lord Forfar of circa 1667. Jane
daughter of Sir Walter Aston, of Ticksall, wh
died 1589, married William Crompton, Esq., o
Stone Park, Staffs. Dorothy is described in th
Ashborne Church monument as "neptis" t
Walter, Lord Forfar. How was she related t
William Crompton ? The Sir Walter above name
was grandfather to the first Baron Forfar.

C. S. L.

TRANSLATION (8 th S, ix. 484). I trust, for the
ke of Longfellow's Latioity, that the epitaph
uoted does not contain " tetegit," but tetigit.
lay I be permitted to give a rendering as terse as
le words seem to demand ?

A maid-of-all-works

Lies below ;
Wbate'er she handled

Smash did go.

F. C. BIRKBECK TERRY.

THE BROOM DANCE (8 th S. x. 26). It is sur-
rising that MR. THORPE should have lived thirty
ears in Devonshire without hearing of this dance,
r hich is one of the best known and most commonly
>ractised in the West. The present writer remem-
)ers seeing it at a farmhouse ashen faggot burning
n a Christmas Eve over fifty years ago, and to-
lay it may be seen in the kitchen of almost any
public-house. I could produce twenty men who
an and would dance it for a small consideration
particularly if liquid. Like the "monkey's
ornpipe," it is not seen except in "kitchen com-
>any." Your correspondent fairly describes the
action, and a good deal of dexterity and agility
s needed to throw the legs alternately over the
tick while keeping the head of the broom on the
ground. Here, in Somerset, it is called " The
)ursh stick-dance," or "To dance the bursh"
he brush being the housemaid's long-handled
broom.

Perhaps Mrs. Lily Grove can give some infor-
mation as to the history and antiquity of the
dance ; but I have a notion that the ' Keel Row,'
though a nautical air, is scarcely Semitic, nor of
tiigh antiquity. The music at the first of the two
performances I have witnessed was on that very
expressive instrument an iron teatray, while the
dancer sang and hummed a lively accompaniment ;
but I only remember one line, not quite suitable
for your pages. Generally the words were of no
meaning not the same, though similar in character
to those I give below, which were written down
for me by the very first old man I spoke to on the
subject :

The Brush-stick Dance.

The Tuther lettle Tune,

The Tuther lettle Tune.

And can you dance

the Tuther lettle Tune.

The Luptey Tumpey, Tuther lettle Tune,

The Lettle Tune.

I find the air now used here is generally the
' Keel Row ' when fiddle or accordion are forth-
coming ; a teatray is not quite suitable for it.
By the way, that tune is known by the name of
"The monkey cocks his tail." I cannot account
for the absence of the women ; it must surely have
been accidental, or the performance too common
to rouse their interest.

No doubt there are many survivals of the kind
referred to by MR. THORPE, more or less gross,

8 th 8. X. AUG. 1, '96. j

NOTES AND QUERIES.

101

but except, perhaps, in the cant phrase "jumping
over the broom " for an irregular cohabitation, there
seems little evidence of antiquity in this particular
dance.

The name Bdl is, I submit, scarcely Phoenician,
but is most certainly the Devonshire rendering
of our West Country ball, a knoll. The nam
" Cloutsham-Ball " is a familiar instance, anc
is a household word at this time of the year
among those who attend the opening meet of the
Devon and Somerset staghounds, called the
"Dunkery Derby."

Your correspondent can hardly be serious in
connecting Easter-brook, Maddicott, Balhatchet,
Amory, and Symons with Babylonia, though ]
have been confidently informed that our modern
sheriff is Arabic shereef. Coincidence of sound
is often curious, as well as curiously misleading.
F. T. ELWORTHY.

I suspect that "the broom dance" is somewhat
similar to its brother "the cudgel dance," common
in some districts of the north of Ireland, and should say
that this dance is so immoral in the different move-
ments that females having any feelings of refine-
ment or decency would naturally remain out oi
sight during its performance, i.e., stay indoors.
WM. JACKSON PIGOTT.

Manor House, Dundrum, co. Down.

SAXON WHEEL CROSS (8 th S. ix. 447). This
is probably a consecration cross. It is of the form
which Mr. J. H. Middleton, in vol. xlviii. of the
Archceologia, p. 458, mentions as follows: "The
forms of the crosses are numerous, but the com-
monest of all is type A." There is an example in
plate xxxiii. fig. 1, from Bishop's Cleeve, Gloucester-
shire, with various similar ones in pi. xxxiii.,
xxxiv. ED. MARSHALL.

SIR GEORGE NARES (8 th S. x. 7). See the
' Dictionary of National Biography,' vol. xl. 91, 92.

W. C. B.

" ONLY " (8 th S. viii. 84, 273 ; ix. 213, 332).
At the last reference MR. THOMAS BAYNE states
that the use of this word as a preposition is not
uncommon. What author so uses the word ? I
shall be glad to have a quotation or quotations
for such usages. F. C. BIRKBECK TERRY.

PATE STUART, EARL OF ORKNEY (8 th S. x.
8). I think MORO DE MORO must be in error
respecting the above-named earl. Patrick Stewart,
second Earl of Orkney (beheaded 1614), was the
son of Robert Stewart, Abbot of Holyrood, Earl
of Orkney, natural eon of King James V. The
famOy (in the male line) became extinct on the
death of Robert Stewart, grandson of Sir James
of Tullas, brother of Earl Patrick. For pedigree
see ' Peerage of Scotland ' by Douglas, and the
' Extinct Peerages ' by Burke. The present Earl

of Orkney is not descended from Patrick Stewart,
the family name being originally Hamilton, now
Hamilton-Fitzmaurice. The title was granted to
Lord George Hamilton, fifth son of William
Douglas, Duke of Hamilton, 3 Jan., 1696. Neither
are the Stewarts of Appin, who claim descent
through Dougal, a natural son of John Stewart,
Lord of Lorn, a descendant of Sir John Stewart,
of Bonkyl, second son of Alexander, High
Steward of Scotland circa 1255-83. The Stewarts
of Appin were located on the east side of
Loch Linnhe, in Argyleshire. 'The Stewarts
of Appin,' by John H. J. Stewart (1880), would
probably give some information respecting any of
the clan who (as the query states) served under
King James at the battle of the Boyne.

JOHN RADCLITFE.

Is it not Robert Stuart, Earl of Orkney, that
MORO DE MORO refers to ? He was a natural
son of King James V. His son Patrick (Pate ?),
Earl of Orkney, was executed for a mistake in
Latin grammar. Robert Stuart, proud of his
birth, but no scholar, had styled himself " Dominus
Robertus Stuartus filius Jacobi Quinti Eex
Scotorum," an error which helped to bring his
son to the scaffold. His fate was not altogether
undeserved, however. Few, even among the
Stuarbs, surpassed him in crime. There is a short
account of this gentleman in my small book on
'Orkney, Past and Present,' now nearly out of
print. I shall be happy to give MORO DE MORO
a copy if he will favour me with his address and
would care to see it. The principal authority on
all matters connected with the Orkney Islands is
Torfaeus, in whose work, ' Historia Rernm Orca-
densium,' he might find further information about
this character if necessary. The Stuarts were
probably a Norman family, being descended
in the direct male line from Alan, one of the
companions of William the Conqueror.

J. FOSTER PALMER.
8, Koyal Avenue, S.W.

"FEARBD" = FRIGHTEN ED (8 th S. ix. 385).
'Feared" in the sense mentioned by MR. BAYNE
s, like many other Scottish colloquialisms, a word
of common use in England. Among the working
classes of Yorkshire and Lincolnshire, for instance,
people are "feared of a savage bull" and
'strangely feared when it thunders heavily,"
while a ghost " fears them almost to death."

In a few years, it may be, the poor will have
acquired the art of speaking schoolmaster's Eng-
lish, but at present Elizabethan phraseology still
comes easily to their lips.

By-the-by, is it too late to prevent the exclusion
of the good old words " yon " and " yonder" from
ordinary use among educated people ? The lan-
guage will be the poorer if they are allowed to
become obsolete. To the villager " this " means

102

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[8* S. X. Aco. 1, '96.

the thing here, "that" signifies the thing there,
and " yon " the thing at a still greater distance.
But those who have been tutored and governessed
into Bo-called correctness of diction know that
" yon " is vulgar, and avoid it accordingly. When
and wherefore did it fall into discredit in cultivated
society? G. W.

" Feared " and " a'fearded " are common enough
words in Devonshire, and may be heard every
day in the villages here, a very long way from
Scotland. HARRY HEMS.

Fair Park, Exeter.

This use of the word is not novel ; my email
edition of Dr. Johnson's * Dictionary ' gives the
following as the second meaning of the verb /ear,
" to fright, to make afraid/' and quotes as an
authority Dr. John Donne, the poetical Dean of
St. Paul'*. E. WALFORD.

Ventnor.

"Feard," " feared "= afraid, frightened, is no
doubt a Scottish colloquialism, but it is, I think,
common throughout the greater part of England.
It occurs in my ' Manley and Corringham Glossary,'
with the following example: "Silly bairn, he's
feard to go thrif th' check yard i' th' daayleet."
I hear the word very frequently so often, indeed,
that it makes no impression on my memory.

EDWARD PEACOCK.

Dunstan House, Kirton-in-Lindsey.

Of.

All were full feared that there were fun
Their leaders may they barely ban.

Lawrence Minot's ' War Poems,' 1352.

I quote from Prof. Henry Morley's 'Shorter
English Poems' (" Lib. of Eog. Lit.").

A. 0. W.

JOHN EVERAKD (8" 1 S. x. 9). See the ' Dic-
tionary of National Biography,' vol. xviii. 84, 85.

W. 0. B.

SKULL IN PORTRAIT (8 th S. ix. 109, 357, 412).
I regret my inability to add directly to the
elucidation of the truly remarkable picture in the
Dulwich collection referred to by MRS. LEGA-
WEEKES. In view, however, of the two Leominster
wool packs in it and certain of the quarterings in
the shield on the lady's side of the picture, which
are stated to be those of Lloyd and Williams, I
should be tempted to infer the probability of the
initials W. I. and I. I. representing the name of
Jones. Some real light, however, may well be
thrown upon this view of the work by commend-
ing the gentleman's arms to students of heraldry.
They are these : Quarterly, 1 and 4, Gules, a fess
gules engrailed between three boars' heads couped
or ; 2 and 3, three lions rampant argent ; over all
a crescent of difference. The gentleman carries,
stuck in his unworn gloves, an iris ; the lady wears
one in her bosom. The arms of the latter are

Quarterly of six : 1 and 6, Sable, a lion rampant
arg. ; 2, Sable, two spear-heads (?) arg. ; 3, Argent,
a chevron between three fleurs-de-lis sable ; 4,
Argent, three chevrons gules ; 5, Argent, a lion
rampant sable. The date of the picture is 1560,
or the third year of Elizabeth's reign.

It was not my intention to do more than single
out the skull portrait mentioned in my last com-
munication as a beautiful example of the good taste
manifested by Lotto, the Italian, in dealing with
this unpleasant accessory. A hundred years later
than his time it was utilized by certain Dutch and
Flemish masters as an emblem not merely of death,
but as a token of the medical profession. In this
manner it occurs in a portrait of a water-doctor
by Gerard Dow, in the possession of Heywood
Lonsdale, Esq., and perhaps similarly in the half-
length portrait (sixteenth century) of a man in
cap and vest of black velvet, with a mulberry-
coloured gown, in the National Gallery, whose
right hand rests upon a skull, while in his left he
holds pansies. If I do not err, Gerard Dow has
placed a skull in the foreground of his own por-
trait in the Pitti collection. Another German
portrait (sixteenth century), half-length, of a man,,
in the National Gallery, likewise exhibits this
emblem of death.* His left hand rests upon a
skull. Van Dyck has employed it peculiarly in
two distinct portraits of Rachel de Rouvigny,,
Countess of Southampton, belonging respectively
to Lords Cowper and Spencer. In both instances
the subject rests her right foot upon a skull, the
meaning being evident. An Italian example may
be recalled as having been exhibited in the New
Gallery a year ago, being a half-length portrait of
a clean-shaven young man, by B. Licinio, in front
of whom, though untouched by him, lies a skulL

It is manifest from the foregoing that the skull,,
skeleton, or even entire corpse, was made use ot'
by painters as an accessory or property in one or
other of three secular capacities namely, as an
emblem of the danger of death incurred or over-
come by the person portrayed ; secondly (perhaps
in the Dulwich picture), as a gloomy reminder of
the precarious nature of even sanctified ties (" The
word of God bathe knit us twayne, and death shall
us divide again"); lastly, it was used as the
symbol of a profession. The seventeenth centuiy
yields by far the greater number of instances of
the three practice?. ST. CLAIR BADDELEY.

GRAY OR GREY (8 tn S. x. 49). MR. ATTWELL
does not notice that for several centuries it has
been the custom of the English feudal families
of this name to write it Grey, while the Scottish
wrote it invariably Gray. It was different as late
as the fourteenth century. Sir Thomas Gray, of

* I recollect in the Munich and Dresden galleries two
or three examples of entire ekeletona peeping through
green curtains in portrait?.

8*8. X.Auo. 1/96.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

103

Hetoun, in Northumberland, though the founde
of the noble families of Grey in that county, alway
wrote his name with a, and BO did his son Si
Thomas, author of that fascinating and too littl
known work the 'Scalacronica/ written in th
language they both spoke, viz., Norman French
The elder Gray was taken prisoner at Bannock
burn, and the younger wrote the ' Scalacronica
when a prisoner of war in Edinburgh Castle abou
1355. In their case it seems not to have been
territorial name, as they never prefixed the charac
teristic de t but a colour name, equivalent to th
Welsh Lloyd. HERBERT MAXWELL.

" Our old titled families prefer the e.
Not in Scotland. Witness the barony of Gray
which, on the death of the late Earl of Moray
emerged, and is held by Mrs. Eveleen McLaren
Smith, now Lady Gray in the peerage of Scot
land. GEOKGB ANGUS.

St. Andrew?, N.B.

Against the English titles of Grey may be se
tfae old Scotch barony of Gray, just successfully
claimed by Mrs. Eveleen Smith.

C. F. S. WARREN, M.A.
Longford, Coventry.

NORMAN ROLL AT DIVES (8 th S. ix. 467).
1. Raoul de Mortemer or Ralph de Mortimer, son
of Roger de Mortimer, of St. Martin, Normandy,
from whom are descended the Barons Mortimer oi
Wigmore and Earls of March, &c. 2. Renaud
and Tnrstin de Sainte Helene, sons of Rou, pro-
bably take the name from some parish or lordship
3. Robert de Rhuddlan, son of Umfrid, an Anglo-
Dane, by Adeliza, sinter of Hugh de Grantmesnil
of the family of Giroie. Knighted by Edward the
Confessor ; visits his relations in Normandy and
returns to England after the battle of Senlac.
He was attached to the service of Hugh, Earl of
Chester, and commanded the troops on the Welsh
border. His principal residence was Rhuddlan
Castle, and from that place he takes his name (see
Ordericus Vitalis). 4. Richard de Saint Clair
the Sinclairg of Rosslyn, Earls of Orkney and
Caithness, claim descent from this family, who
resided at St. Clair, near St. Lo, in the Cotentin,
Normandy. JOHN RADCLIFFP.

I am sure J. B. S. will forgive me for pointing
out that his statement that a roll or list of the
companions of the Conqueror was "erected" in
tbe church of Dives is likely to cause misappre-
hension. The list of names is inside the church
of Notre Dame in Dives, and carved in bold
letters in the stone wall above the west door. It
may be as well to add that Dives is within a mile
of Cabourg, a sea-bathing place about an hour's
railway ride from Trouville. THORNFIELD.

What connexion in there between Rhuddlan
Caatle and the third Edward ? I ask for informa-

tion's sake. The pronunciation of Rhuddlan is,
I believe, Rhythlan (th soft). This is how I have
beard it in the neighbourhood, and it accords with
the rules given in Rowland's * Welsh Grammar.'

C. C. B.

CURIOUS TENURE OF LANDS (8 tb S. ix. 489).
The subject to which the query of C. refers has
been several times in ' N. & Q.' (I 8t S. iv. 406 ;
2 nd S. xi. 246 ; 3 rd S. vii. 354, 388 ; 5 th S. i. 506),
but no explanation of the custom has been given.
Mr. W. Andrews, in ' Curiosities of the Church/
1 890, pp. 22-9, mentions a tradition that it arose
in expiation for a murder. He has a full account
of it, with a print of the gad-whip and of the
ceremony of the procession of the as.*, with which
it is also compared in Cbambers's ' Book of Days/
vol. i. pp. 396-8. There are illustrations of the
whip and the procession both in Chambers and
Andrews, but the print of the whip is more com-
plete in the latter. Mr. Andrews also mentions that
there was an unsuccessful petition to the House of
Lords for the abolition of the custom from the
Lord of the Manor of Hundon, but that it was not
abolished until the sale of the Manor of Broughton
in 1846. It is supposed, but without any authority,
to have its origin in " a self-inflicted penance by
a former nun of the Broughton estate for killing
a boy with such a whip (Andrews, p. 27). Sir
C. H. J. Anderson, in his * Pocket Guide to
Lincoln/ gives an account of it, with the statement
that it is now given up," 1880, p. 87. The
symbolical character of the proceedings appears in
Andrews, p. 24. Eo. MARSHALL.

Surely by this time the Caistor gad-whip must
be quite an old friend. See ' N. & Q.,' 5"> S. i.
506, and the references there ; Mr. Andrews's
books, &c. W. C. B.

This manorial custom continued for a consider-

ble period until 1846, when the land was sold.

). is referred to Andrews's * Bygone Lincolnshire'

and Andrews's 'Curiosities of the Church* for

nformation on this subject. J. P. B.

[Many replies, some of them very long, are acknow-
edged.]

THE BOOK OF COMMON PRATER IN ROMAN
OFFICES (8 ta S. ix. 469 ; x. 17, 60). The use of
he Psalms is not confined to religious houses, as
I!R. EDWARD H. MARSHALL seems to think. If
e will look through the 'Catholic Directory'
Burns & Oates) he will find a good many churches,
erved by seculars, where vespers, or compline, or
oth, are sung. No doubt, in a great many places,
be Divine Office cannot be chanted, but that is
mply on account of eur poverty and paucity of
lergy and choirs. Nor can we pretend to vie with
be Church of England cathedrals as regards the
ower and sweetness with which the Psalms are
sung. But we lack endowments with which to

104

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[8 th S. X. Aua. 1, '96.

provide choir-schools, vicars-choral, organists, and
choir-masters. It is our misfortune, not our fault.
Of course, all our clergy, from the Pope downwards,
recite the Psalms appointed in the office for each
day, and a great many more of these are said or
sung in the Breviary daily office than in the
matins and evensong of the Prayer Book.

GEORGE ANGUS.
St. Andrews, N.B.

PREBENDARY VICTORIA (8 th S. ix. 329, 377 ;
x. 14, 54). With reference to this subject, a
" Prebenda Kegis " was proposed in another
instance more than seven hundred years ago.
Hackington College, near Canterbury, which
Archbishop Baldwin attempted to found in 1186,
was to consist of sixty to seventy prebendaries,
one stall assigned to the king, and one to each
bishop, who, however, were to endow and appoint
each his prebendary and vicar. See Bishop Stubbs's
introduction to ' E pistol te Cantuariensis,' vol. ii.,
Rolls Series, No. 38, which contains a full account
of this dispute. The monks of Canterbury pre-
vented this design being carried out.

ARTHUR HUSSEY.

Wingham, Kent.

WILLIAM WARHAM, ARCHBISHOP OP CANTER-
BURY (8* S. x. 76). Wood, in the second (Hook,
in his * Lives of the Archbishops of Canterbury,'
erroneously quotes this as third) volume of his
'Athene Oxonienses,' col. 738, states that the
name of William's father was Robert. That of his
mother I have not been able to ascertain.

W. T. LYNN.

Blackheatb.

In place of a reply I send another query. Where
is there a portrait of the archbishop ? D.

Chalmers's ' Dictionary ' says the archbishop's
father was Robert Warham, of a genteel family
at Okely, in Hampshire.

0. F. S. WARREN, M.A.

Longford, Coventry.

According to Wood's ' Ath. Oxon.' and Foster's
1 Alum. Oxon.' his father's name was Robert.

G. F. R. B.

EMACIATED FIGURES (8 1 * S. viii. 386, 464, 509 ;
ix. 152, 254, 478). One of the finest examples,
which has not been alluded to by any of your
correspondents, is the tomb of Archbishop Chiche-
ley, in Canterbury Cathedral. I remember forty
years ago the description of it given by the show-
man who then accompanied visitors round the
church. " Above yon sees the Harchbishop in his
Harchbishop's robes, and below you sees him as he
lays a copse." In the course of many wanderings
on the Continent, I only remember one example,
viz. , in the Abbey Church of St. Martin, at Laon.
This is a mural tablet without a date, but I should
judge it to be of about the middle of the sixteenth

century, commemorating " Petrus de Ponte, hujus
Monasterii Abbas." In the upper part he is repre-
sented " in pontificatibus," on bis knees before the
B. V. M. and Child, and below lying naked, with
mitre and pastoral staff, and covered with worms,
with the following inscription :

Vermibus hie donor, et sic ostendere conor,
Qualiter hie ponor, ponitur omnis honor.

F. D. H.

Can E. C. inform me whether the monument to
Sir William Weston, which was purchased by Sir
George Booth and removed to Burleigh in 1788,
is still in existence ; and what Burleigh is referred
to ; who is the present representative of Sir George
Booth at Burleigh ; and generally to whom I could
apply for information on the subject of the monu-
ment, if still in existence ?

A. F. G. LEVESON-GOWER.
Athens.

"TROUBLE" USED INTRANSITIVELY (8 th S. x.
45). I did wrong to challenge PROF. SKEAT. I
should have taken it for granted that he was not
mistaken, and asked, if I wrote at all, for informa-
tion. He has produced his ancient authority, also
his modern ; the existence of the latter I never
doubted, nor did I doubt that the phrase was
common and widely understood many real sole-
cisms are that. Still, from Mandeville and ' Piers
Plowman ' to the ' Century Dictionary ' and Venn's
' Symbolic Logic ' (1881) is a long step, or, in
modern slang, a far cry ; and I should like to see
quotations from writers of classical English of, say,
the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. But
PROF. SKEAT thinks such may be found ; and so,
in deference to his far better knowledge, I write
my recantation. C. F. S. WARREN, M.A.

Longford, Coventry.

In the following scrap of quotation we have
" trouble" so used, the context showing that the
meaning is " be troubled or concerned " :

" As I trou&led to know the eequele of my adventures,
Ennoramita came to see me, ;> &c. Wiliam Browne,
tran?. ' Gomberville'a Polexander ' (1647), ii.-iv., 178.

Any one familiar with recent American news-
papers or light literature of an inferior order must
remember the Transatlantic use of oversleep and
overwork as intransitives. F. H.

Marleeford.

ANGELICA CATALANI (8 th S. ii. 485 ; iii. 113,
211, 272 ; x. 62). If I may trust my memory
in a matter reaching back near upon half a century,
Dr. Stephen Elvey, organist of New College, once
told me that Angelica Catalani, with a voice " like
an angel," was capable of singing so sadly out of
tune (sharp, I think he said) as to be quite pain-
ful. If so, a good musician might well say that
"for her singing he wouldn't give a groat"; and
Mary Lamb's epigram, with its reference to Cara-

. X. AUG. 1, '96.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

105

dori's throat, may be a mere coincidence. Bio-
graphers are apt to overlook these rifts within th
lute. C. B. MOUNT.

COMNENI AND NAPOLEON I. (8 th S. X. 76).

There is a good deal about Bonaparte's descent in
the ' Memoirs ' of the Duchess d'Abrant^s. D-

HARMONY IN VERSE (8 th S. ix. 225, 482). It is
not difficult to make an addition to MR. JONATHAN
BOUCHIER'S dozen quotations for Tennyson's use
of the letter L

1 QEoone ' thus begins :

There lies a vale in Ida lovelier
Than all the valleys of Ionian hills.

The last stanza but one in 'To . L. on his
Travels in Greece ' is

A glimmering shoulder under gloom

Of cavern pillars ; on the swell

The silver lily heaved and fell ;

And many a slope was rich in bloom.

The poem begins with :

Illyrian woodlands echoing falls.
In The Lotos-Eaters,' 7, there are eleven FB
in two lines :

How sweet (while warm airs lull us. blowing lowly')
With Lalf-dropt eyelids still.
At length I saw a lady within call
Stiller than chisell'd marble, standing there.

' A Dream of Pair Women.'

And past his ear
Went shrilling, " Hollow, hollow all delight ! "

' The Passing of Arthur.'
Here there are nine I's in a single line.
For expression cf.

A riotous confluence of watercourses
Blanching and billowing in a hollow of it.

'Lucretius.'

But perhaps the most remarkable line in Tenny-
son is the third in the following passage from
1 Lucretius ':

And I saw the flaring atom-streams
And torrents of her myriad universe,
Ruining along the illimitable inane.
The sweeping swish of the line is moat remarkable.
This line contains fourteen vowels, eleven liquids,
and only six consonants.

MR. ARTHUR MAYALL seems to think that in
the line

Silent upon a peak in Darien

the second syllable of the first word is em-
phasized. Surely "silent" is a trochee. His
idea, too, of what is meant by alliteration is quite
new to me. He says it " deals with the repetition

?\r ne li( J a i? 80und -" Hear tne definition of the
N. E. D.': " The commencing of two or more words
in close connexion with the same letter, or rather
the same sound." F. C. BIRKBECK TERRY.

A SHAKSPEARIAN DESIDERATUM (8 th S. ix.
8, 476; x. 32). In view of the slight variations

which are found in different copies of the First
Folio, it would be interesting to know from what
copy Messrs. Chatto & Windus made their fac-
simile. Halliwell-Phillipps's preface does not give
this information. Reading ' Cymbeline ' in Dyce's
second edition, I find a note on II. ii. 43 ("that's
riveted"), "The first folio has ' that's riuete.'"
The reduced facsimile reads " riueted," but no
doubt Dyce's copy, now under a glass case at South
Kensington, has ** riuete."

When the next facsimile is produced (and there
should soon be room for another, though I believe
second-hand copies of that of 1876 are often to be
found) it is to be hoped that, though not full size,
it will be large enough to be read easily without a
magnifier. I am not so fortunate in my copy as
MR. SPENCE ; mine is frequently indistinct, in
some places so much so that it would be rash to
affirm from it what the reading of the folio it.

A. G. C.

' A LEGEND OF READING ABBEY ' : ' THE
CAMP OF REFUGE' (8 th S. x. 75). These are both
by Charles Macfarlane, who was one of Mr. Charles
Knight's most industrious helpers.

WILLIAM E. A. AXON.

A Legend of Reading Abbey,' The Camp of
Refuge,' and ' The Dutch in the Medway,' are by
Charles Macfarlane. See Allibone's * Dictionary '
and'N. & Q.,' 6 tb S. x. 125.

C. F. S. WARREN, M.A.

THOMAS GAINSBOROUGH (8 th S. ix. 509 ; x. 58).
Fulcher's statement that the wife of the Rev.
Humphrey Burroughs, Master of the Grammar
School at Sudbury, was a daughter of the cele-
brated Dr. Busby is obviously incorrect. Busby
never married, and his nearest relations at the
time of his death were the grandchildren of his
Eirst cousin, Sir Thomas Robinson, sometime
Treasurer of the Inner Temple. G. F. R. B.

ST. PAUL'S CHURCHYARD (8 tb S. x. 8, 77). If
our revered Editor will permit a humble picker- up
of ancient crumbs to cite an older instance of the
practice of speaking of the cathedral of the metro-
polis without the prefix to the great Apostle's name
;han any which ' N. & Q.'s correspondents have
mentioned under the above references,! will venture
to quote the Miller's description of that " hendy
Absolon," the parish clerk, who went to con-
spicuous grief in illicit love-making, as all may
read in Chaucer's 'Canterbury Tales.' To the
stupendous disgust of his fellow traveller, the
Reve, the Miller told us of Absolon that
Crulle was his heer, and as the gold it schon,
And strowted as a fan right large and brood ;
Ful streyt and evene lay hie jolly echood.
His rode was reed, his eyghen gray as goos,
With Powles wyndowes carven in his shoos.
In hosen reed be went ful fetualy.

The allusion is, of course, to the complex and

106

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[8 ?. X. AUG. 1, '96.

radial tracery in the windows of the Gothic cathe-
dral as it existed in Chaucer's time, c. 1350, when
the phrase in this form must have been perfectly
understood by such as I, " a sonne of Cokenay."
On the other hand, we may refer part of the
irreverence implied by the term to the ways of
Robyn the Miller when "dronke he was of ale,"
as on that eventful morning, and while

in Pilatea voya he gan to crye,

And swar by armes and by blood and bones.

To drop a saint's title was, at the time in question,
no irreverence. Thus we read of Chaucer's monk,
What schulde he studie, and raak himselven wood,
Upon a book in cloystre alway to powre,
Or ewynke with handes, and laboure,
At Auystyn byt? How achal the world be served 1
Lat Auystyn have his swynk to him reserved ;

and St. Benedict was often " Benet," while, con-
trariwise, in the portrait of the "Persoun of a
toun," we read that he would not run

to Londone, unto seynte Poules,

To seeken him a chaunterie for soules.
To this day the man who in the Mount's Bay
region asks a fisher, a miner, or a farming man
for the church town of St. Paul by Penzance will
have to stand corrected till he knows the place as
"Paul," and yet all Cornishmen know of St.
Buryan, St. Teath, St. Erth, and even Sancreed,
as well as St. Just, St. Ervan, and St. Austel.

F. G. S.

ST. CORNE*LY, AT CARNAC, IN BRITTANY (8 th
S. x. 48). According to Roman hagiography St.
Cornelius was twenty-second Pope, was sovereign
pontiff A.D. 254, and reprehended St. Cyprian,
Bishop of Carthage, for rebaptizing heretics.
Besides presiding over cat f lp, he had another
attribute, for Bale, in a list of '* bons petitz saintz,
as Rabelais calls them, mentions " St. Fiacre for
the ague, St. Apolline for the tooth-ache, St.
Gratian for lost thrift, St. Walstone for good
harvest, St. Cornells for the foul evil," &c. ('Select
Works,' Parker Society, 1849, p. 498). But was
there more than one St. Cornells 1

JAMES HOOPER.

Norwich.

CHURCHWARDENS (8 th S. x. 77). The four
churchwardens at St. Hilda's Church here, a per-
petual curacy, are elected annually at Easter by
the ancient select vestry of twenty-four members.
As is, I believe, usual with these select vestries,
vacancies as they occur are filled up by the
members. R. B.

South Shields.

'NICKLEBY MARRIED' (8 tb S. ix. 489). The
full title of this curious plagiaristic publication
reads as follows : " Scenes from the Life of Nickleby
Married: containing certain remarkable passages
and strange adventures that befel the Nickleby
f&mily, being a sequel to the ' Life and Adventures

of Nicholas Nickleby.'" It was edited by " Guess,"
md contains twenty-one etched illustrations by
'Quiz." The book was published in London by

John Williams, 1840, pp. vi, 516, being issued
n parts, with green wrappers, in imitation of

Dickens's serials. The etchings are in the style of
' Phiz," but much inferior. The actual name of

the author has never, I believe, transpired.

F. G. KITTON.

A SCOTTISH "LEGEND" (8 th S. x. 49). The
reference is to J. G. Dalvell'a ' Scottish Poems of
the Sixteenth Century,' Elinburgb, 1801.

C. D.

HEIR-MALE OF THE MAXWELLS OF NITHSDALE
OR CAERLAVBROCK (8 th S. ii. 24, 364 ; ix. 408).
Your correspondents signing themselves SIGMA
and BERNAU AND MAXWELL seem to have over-
looked the fact that it has not yet been shown
(a) whether Charles wa* the eldest or a younger
son of Alexander Maxwell, of Park, by his second
marriage ; nor (6) whether Alexander, a son by
the first marriage, died s.p.; nor (c) where and
when Charles Maxwell married Miss McBriar.
It is a pity that BERNAU AND MAXWELL did not
tell us what connexion their query about an
Alexander Maxwell, b. 1776, in London, has with
the rest of their note. Was his father a grandson
of Alexander Maxwell, of Park ? F. C. P.

"FLITTERMOUSE"=BAT (8 th S. ix. 348,476; x.
18, 81). This word was discussed in 4 ta S. iii.
576 ; iv. 45, 167; and if MR. BOUCHIER had con-
sulted the last reference he would have read some
quotations from Ben Jonson, which would have
shown that Tennyson was not the first to introduce
this word into English poetry. " Flittermouse"
or " flindermouse " is the German fledermaus,
Flemish vledermuis. MR. CHICHESTER HART says
that flinder is a little too much to put "on a
bat's back"; but a former correspondent pointed
out that vlinder is one of the names given in
Belgium to the butterfly, and a butterfly would
surely not outweigh the tricksy Ariel.

W. F. PRIDEAUX.

Kingaland, Shrewsbury.

SUBSTITUTED PORTRAITS (8 tb P. vii. 266, 314,
369, 452, 496 ; ix. 277, 371, 434, 458).-! have
a miniature copy of the portrait by Parmigianino,
said to be of Columbus. In it he is depicted
sitting with a helmet and breastplate behind him,
on his head a red velvet I6ret. He has a drooping
moustache and a ringleted beard of auburn colour.
The long oval face and hair parted down the middle
certainly reminds one of some " Christus." There
is an engraving from the same picture in Weiss's
* Biographie Universelle.' Washington Irving, in
his ' Life of Columbus,' says, " his visage was long,
nose aquiline, cheek-bones rather high," which
tallies with the miniature ; but he goes on to say

8">8.X.Auo.V96..1

NOTES AND QUERIES.

107

that (according to Laa Casas), " his hair, which was
in his youthful days of a light colour, soon turned
to grey, and at thirty years of age it was quite
white." CONSTANCE RUSSELL.

NOTES ON BOOKS, &c.
The Englith Dialect Dictionary. Edited by Joseph

Wright, M.A. Part 1. A to Ballot. (Frowde.)
MOST sincerely do we congratulate the English Dialect
Society upon the beginning of its important t*sk. Our
congratulations are not offered to the Society alone, t ut
to all concerned with the literature, antiquities, and folk-
lore of England to all, in fact, interested in the pre-
servation of our old speech, old thought, old custom, and
old lore. "Begun is half done," fays a proverb, not
wholly true, perhaps, but containing ro much truth as
justifies its existence among aphorisms of kindred origin.
Twenty-three years have been spent in the collection of
materials, a tack in which some three or four hundred
readers have voluntarily assisted. Some of these have
naturally during this time joined the mjority. The
most arduous, though not the most .responsible part of
the task has now been accomplished, and the ship is at
last under weigh. How important is the labour under-
taken needs not be told In *K. fc Q.,' in which as soon as
elsewhere the demand for a work of the class was ex-
pressed. Fortunate indeed will be the following genera-
tion, with its lexicon lotius Anglicitatis (then it is to be
hoped complete), its 'English Dialect Dictionary,' and its
' Dictionary of Slang and its Analogues.' The aim of the
present work, a full preface to which is reserved for the
completion of volume i., is to supply, so far as possible,
a " complete vocabulary of all English dialect words
which are still in use or are known to have been in use
at any time during the last two hundred years in Eng-
land, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales," and comprehending
also "Ameiican and colonial words which are still in
use in Great Britain and Ireland, or which are to be
found in early printed dialect books and glossaries." It
is only within years comparatively recent that the notion
of collecting the variations of folk-speech has com-
mended itself to English scholarship. Secure in the
possession of treasures the extent or value of which they
did not attempt to fathom, our ancestors took little pains
to transmit to us unimpaired, according to the advice of
Samuel Daniel, the " treasure of our tongue." Very
many words are, accordingly, permanently lost, and
others are excluded from this work even, inasmuch as no
instance of their use can be advanced. Among the words
kept back for want of further information is thus
ladlins=out of health, a word with the use of which in
the West Riding we have been quite familiar, and one
which was immediately recognized by a member of the
household to whom we mentioned it. On the whole,
there is, however, more cause for gratitude that the
task has been begun so soon than for regret that it has
been so long deferred. How much work has been
accomplished is shown in the select bibliographical \i?t
of works consulted which accompanies the first number,
and still better in the contents of the number itself.
This part includes 2,166 simple and compound words and
500 phrases, illustrated by 8,536 quotations. All the
ground now occupied has, of course, been previously
covered by the ' Oxford Dictionary,' and some of the
information supplied is necessarily the same. The later
work is complementary to the other, and tie two to
students of philology are equally indispensable. Take,
for instance, the word addle = to tarn, a word in com-

mon use in the Northern c< unties, though unknown in
Scotland. The ' Oxford Dictionary ' treats this as it was-
in early literature, before its use became purely dialectal.
The 'Dialect Dictionary' gives such (locally) familiar
use as "Ah addled t' brass," "1 earned the money." Full
definitions or accounts are given of such vulgar pleasantries
as making an apple-pie bed a form of torture in general
use in England, but unknown, perhaps, where sheets,
necessary, apparently, to its carrying out, are not uni-
versal. The present work, moreover, does not burden its
pages with derivations, such not coming within its scope.
It supplies, instead, full information as to the counties or
districts in which a word is in use. A simple and eai-y
system of indicating pronunciation is adopted. The task
of compilation and organization has fallen into the most
competent hands, and Dr. Wright and Lia assistants are
to be congratulated upon the manner in which their task
has been, up to the present, accomplished. Support will
not be wanting to work so excellent in aim and so praise-
worthy in accomplishment. We commend to our readers
a publication on the further progress of which we hope
to have much to say.

Admiral of the Fleet Sir Geoffrey Phippt Hornby,
G.C.B. By Mrs. Fred Eger ton. (Blackwood & Sons.)
IT is easy to cavil at the devotion to Admiral Hornby of
a volume of four hundred and odd pages. A record of
his services might well, it may be urged, have been left
to Prof. Laughton in some supplementary volume to the
great ' Dictionary of National Biography.' It is at least
certain that, if a similar amount of space were assigned
to all our great eea-captains, naval biography would
assume portentous dimensions, and would demand a dis-
proportionate and preponderating space in our libraries.
While conceding these things, however, we feel it hard to
condemn, or, indeed, award anything except praise to a
very readable book, a portion, at least, of which is of his-
torical importance, and the whole of which is a pious
tribute from an affectionate daughter to a worthy father.
That the name Phipps Hornby will not jank with those of
our greatest naval heroes is due to chance alone. A bold,
resourceful, and competent man, with an inherited love
ef his profession, he rendered great and peaceful service
to his country, won the friendship and esteem of those
with whom he was thrown into closest association, was
a silent force in the history of his country, and merited
the honours accorded him. "A peerage or Westminster
Abbey " was predicted for him, and would doubtless
under different we dare not say happier circumstances
have been his. To win either, however, as in the case of
Gray's obscure hero, " his lot forbade," compelling him
to remain a useful and worthy rather than a brilliant
servant of his country and the Crown. On 3 Nov., 1840,
Hornby served as a midshipman on board the Princess
Charlotte when the British fleet, under Admirals Stop-
ford and Napier, bombarded St. Jean d'Acre. No oppor-
tunity for specially distinguishing himself was afforded
the young sailor, and the biographer is compelled eadly
to own that this was " the only time in his life that
Geoffrey Hornby saw a shot fired in anger." It must
not therefore be supposed that he did not render his
country fine service. " Peace," says Milton, in a noble
and often-quoted line, addressed to Oliver Cromwell,

bath her victories
No less renowned than war,

and in these Hornby took a noble part. In command
of the Mediterranean fleet from 1877 to 1880, he went
with it to Besika Bay, close to the entrance of the
Dardanelles, when the news was received that the
Russians had crossed the Danube. At this point the
volume becomes deeply interesting. Few except those
who kLOw or have studied the history of that period are

108

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[8 th S. X. AUG. 1, '96.

aware how near we were to a European conflagration
His energies were bent upon retarding the Russian
advance on Constantinople, and he urged strongly and
persistently upon the Government the expediency of
strengthening and holding the lines of Bulan. Did space
permit, we could extract from this portion of the volume
many passages of keenest historic interest, and actions
which we might almost put down as deeds of prowess.
We specially commend to the readers the despatch to the
Right Hon. W. H. Smith, dated from Besika Bay, 8 Feb.,
1878 (pp. 234 et seq.}. With these events of contemporary
history we are not called upon to deal. Some few facts
worthy of the attention of the folk-lorist are sent from
places visited by young Hornby. As a whole, however,
his impressions concerning places and things which he
has seen are more interesting from the point of revela-
tion of an honest, worthy, sturdy, thoroughly English
lad than for any remarkable powers of observation or
discernment they reveal. Three well-executed portraits
of Hornby at various ages add to the attraction of a book
destined to a large, though scarcely, perhaps, an enduring
popularity.

The Life of Sir Henry Halford, Bart. By William

Munk, M.D. (Longmans & Co.)

SIR HENRY HALPORD'S name is prominent among the
great English physicians of past times. We doubt,
indeed, whether any member of the medical profession
ever attained so wide a popularity. It is not easy to
account for this, for Sir Henry made no brilliant dis-
covery in the art of healing, and, even if he had, such
things rarely appeal to a very wide circle. He was the
chief medical adviser of the royal family for a long
period ; but this alone, though it may ensure wealth and
a certain measure of popularity in the upper ranks of
society, cannot count for much elsewhere. We believe the
chief reason why Sir Henry was so widely known and so
much admired to be that he possessed a charm of manner
and a power of sympathy with suffering such as is given
to few. He was, to put it tersely, as well as an accom-
plished physician, a refined gentleman, who almost
always said and did the right thing and at the right
moment. Very few people are judges of those who
minister to our wants in hours of suffering, but we all
of us know whether our medical attendant's manners
are brusque or gentle. Sir Henry Halford was of
opinion that in moat cases of illness very much depends
on the state of mind of the patient. He therefore
made it his study to give harmless pleasure and relaxa-
tion whenever it was possible. The duty of doing this
is now so well known that it seems hardly necessary to
dwell upon it ; but when Sir Henry began to practise at
Leicester, more than a hundred years ago, this was very
far from being a generally accepted doctrine. We have
heard, indeed, that some of the old practitioners culti-
vated a certain roughness of manner, thinking, it may
be, that by such means they were the more likely to have
their orders obeyed to the letter.

Sir Henry Halford's father, James Vaughan, was a
medical practitioner living at Leicester. He seems to
have had a large practice and to have been a man of
high character. When he had attained a moderate com-
petency, which he did early in life, he made up his mind
not to save money for bis children, but to devote the
whole of his yearly income derived from his profession
to giving his children the best education in his power.
His eldest son it was known was to inherit the estate
of Wistow, in Leicestershire. He, however, died young,
and his next brother Henry, tbe subject of the present
memoir, inherited the succession. He did not, however,
come into possession of the property until 1814, when he
assumed the name of Halford. The Halfords had been

settled at Wistow since the beginning of the seventeenth
century. They were Royalists, and one of them had
entertained Charles I. on more than one occasion. For
some years before he succeeded to the Leicestershire
estates his income had been very large. A table of Sir
Henry's professional receipts, is given, from 1792, when
it amounted but to the modest sum of 220J., to 1809
when it amounted to 9,850/.

We are not called upon to enter into any details re-
garding Sir Henry Halford's medical career, but may
notice that it was probably on account of his personal
intimacy with the Prince Regent that he was called upon,
in the year 1813, to be one of the very few persons who
were present at the opening of the coffin of King
Charles I. Dr. Munk gives an account of what occurred
somewhat abridged from the record prepared by Sir
Henry in obedience to the command of the Prince
Regent.

Sir Henry Halford was elected in 1820 President of
the Royal College of Physicians, a post which he filled
for nearly a quarter of a century. In 1809 he was created
a baronet. A special friendship existed between the
Duke of York and Sir Henry. On the death of the
former, the king, to mark the special attention which
Sir Henry had bestowed on his patient during his death-
illness, granted him a white rose as an augmentation to
his arras and two emus as supporters. Dr. Munk says
that this is " the only instance in English heraldry of
the grant of supporters to a practising physician."

Dr. Munk, we gather, laments that classical scholar-
ship is not so common among members of the medical
profession as it was in the early years of the century.
Holding, as we do, that no other knowledge, however
wide and varied, can supply the place of the two dead
languages, we are always sorry when we become aware
that this deficiency in scholarship exists in any member
of a learned profession. We think, however, that Dr.
Munk takes a somewhat gloomy view of things as they
now are. There are doctors at the present day himself
among the number who have a high reputation for
that refined scholarship which was so marked a feature
in Sir Henry Halford.

tO
We must call special attention to the following notices :

ON all communications must be written tbe name and
address of the sender, not necessarily for publication, but
as a guarantee of good faith.

WE cannot undertake to answer queries privately.

To secure insertion of communications correspondents
must observe the following rule. Let each note, query,
or reply be written on a separate slip of paper, with the
signature of the writer and such address as he wishes to
appear. Correspondents who repeat queries are requested
to head the second communication "Duplicate."

Contributors will oblige by addressing proofs to Mr.
Slate, Athenaeum Press, Bream's Buildings, Chancery
Lane, B.C.

C. M. TENISON, Hobart, Tasmania ("Additions to
Burke's * Extinct Baronetage of Ireland ' "). Please
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NOTICE.

Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The
Editor of ' Notes and Queries ' " Advertisements and
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We beg leave to state that we decline to return com-
munications which, for any reason, we do not print ; and
to this rule we can make no exception.

ff h 8. X. AUG. 8, '96.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

109

LONDON, 8ATURDAT, AUGUSTS, 1896.

CONTENTS. N 241.

UOTBS . Foubert's Biding Academy Cpndell and He-
mince 109 'Dictionary of National Biography,' 110
Book Prices St. Swithun St. Swithin and the Apples-
Burns and Shakspeare, 112 Thirty-six Kinds of Malt
Liquor Inkhorns Swift Concordance Chalking the Un-
married, 113 Commonplace-Books Phoebus " The Quiet
Woman "-Leonard Poe, 114.

QUERIES: "Beazed" Domesday Survey Hill, 114
1 Cor. ii. 9 Marquis of Granby's Regiment Religious
Dancing Vectis ' Salem and Byzavnce' Arthur Gold-
ing Unidentified Heraldry, 115 Blenkard " Pilomet"
Highland Horses Circular Bread-baking Ovens J. Cobb
Surnames of Natural Children Church Key Figured in
Register Domesday Oak Family Arms in. Republics-
Authors Wanted, 116.

HEPLIBS : Oxford in Early Times, 117 Umbriel Grace
Darling Monument Boak " Irpe " " Twilight of Plate "
Cockades Heraldic Position of Font " Entire," 118
"Bathe Ripe" Great Beds Lieut.-General Webb-
Steam Carriages for Common Roads, 119 "Linkum-
doddie" 'The Secret of Stoke Manor' Pin and Bowl
4 The Giaour,' 120 Brass Inscription Monseigneur d'An-
terroches Hulke ; Hulse Southwell MSS. Leap Year
Growing Stones, 121 St. Uncumber Clock New Bug-
land and the Winthrops, 122 The Label Merchants'
Marks Meeting-house Plague Stones Force of Dimi-
nutives, 123 Coleman " Billingsgafe " " Bedstaves "
Dog Stories, 124 Local Works on Brasses Arms of John
Shakspeare ' Tom Brown's Schooldays ' Aerolites
" Displenish "Malta, 125 Florence as a Name "To
Slop >T _Universities of the United States A " Pony of
Beef "Wedding Ceremony Episcopal Chapels in Lon-
don, 126.

NOTES ON BOOKS : Woodward's Heraldry ' ' Journal
of the Ex-Libris Society 'Magazines.

Notices to Correspondents.

Stoles.

FOUBERT'S RIDING ACADEMY.

(See 8 th S. ix. 383.)

At this reference is an extract, under the
heading ' Leicester Square,' from the Si. James's
Gazette of 4 April, which was "lifted" bodily,
though not without acknowledgment, from the
Builder of the same date. Amongst other things,
it stated that the Military Yard of Henry, Prince
of Wales, was afterwards used for Major Foubert's
riding academy. Mr. Wheatley, in his ' Round
about Piccadilly and Pall Mall,' p. 179, says that
** Major Foubert, in Charles II. 'a reign, moved his
riding academy from the Military Yard, behind
Leicester House, to Swallow Street, opposite where
Conduit Street is situated." The occupation of
Military Yard by Major Foubert must, if it
occurred at all, have been of very short duration,
and I should be glad to know on what authority
the statement rests. Evelyn, in his 'Diary,' under
date 17 Sept., 1681, says : "I went with Monsieur
Faubert about taking the Countess of Bristol's
house for an academy, he being lately come from
Paris for his religion, and resolving to settle here."
Bat in 1681, when Major Foubert had lately come
from Paris, Prince Henry's Military Yard was in the
possession of Charles Gerard, Earl of Macclesfield,
who was then letting out the ground for building
purposes, and it was about the year 1681, as we

learn from the rate-books of St. Martin's-in-the-
Fields, that Gerard Street was built upon the site
in question (Cunningham's ' Handbook of London/
ed. 1850, p. 200). Lord Macclesfield may, of
course, have allowed Major Foubert to make use
of Military Yard while he was on the look-out for
more permanent quarters. Two years afterwards
Major Foubert seems to have been still " hoping
to procure his Academy to be built by subscrip-
tion of worthy gentlemen and noblemen " (Evelyn's
1 Diary,' 9 Aug., 1683) ; but by 18 Dec., 1684, he
appears to have been permanently settled, as Eve-
lyn on that day " went with Lord Cornwallis to see
the young gallants do their exercise, Mr. Faubert
having newly railed in a manage, and fitted it for
the academy." This academy was located in
Foubert's Passage, which connected Swallow
Street with King Street, and it remained in exis-
tence until the greater part of Swallow Street was
pulled down for the Regent Street improvements
in 1813-20. Mr. Walford, in his Old and New
London,' iv. 251, says : " On the site of Foubert's
Academy had previously stood the mansion of the
Countess of Bristol"; but this is a mistake, origi-
nating probably in the first entry from Evelyn's
' Diary ' which I have quoted above. The Countess
of Bristol's mansion was situated in Chelsea, and
stood at the north end of the present Beaufort Row.
In 1679 she became anxious to sell it, and Evelyn
seems to have been employed as an agent in the
matter (' Diary,' 17 June, 1679 ; 3 Sept., 1683).
It was in this capacity that the idea occurred to him
of securing the place for Major Foubert's academy,
but the project came to nothing, and in 1682 the
house was purchased by the Duke of Beaufort, and
became known as Beaufort House. There is a
long account of the house and of its many illus-
trious owners in Faulkner's ' History of Chelsea,'
ed. 1829, i. 92-137. My quest on the present
occasion, however, is for Major Foubert's habitat
when he first came to London.

W. F. PRIDEAUX.
Kingsland, Shrewsbury.

CONDELL AND HEMINGE.
In the churchyard of St. Mary the Virgin,
Aldermanbury, are buried two of the personal
friends and stage associates of Shakespeare, Henry
Condell and John Heminge, to whom the world
owes a great debt for the loving trouble they took
in collecting the works of the great bard, and pub-
lishing them in book form. Many of the plays
had, it is true, been published previously, but
Heminge and Condell's First Folio, issued in
1623, contained at least as many more as had
then seen the light. With a modesty somewhat
uncommon in that age, they refused to be regarded
as editors, but, in their own words, they " but

collected [the plays] only to keep the memory

of so worthy a friend and fellow alive, as was our

110

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[8 th S. X. AUG. 8, '96-.

Shakespeare, by the offer of bis plays to your most
noble patronage." Singularly enough, considering
the low estimation in which the acting profession
was then held, both of these men were parish
officials, having served the office of sidesman of St.
Mary's. Closely following upon the unveiling of
a memorial window to Philip Massinger in St.
Saviour's, Southwark (see ante, p. 44), a monument
to these two estimable Elizabethan actors was
unveiled on 15 July in Alderman bury Church-
jard, where it forms a very conspicuous object
from the busy street. It is of Aberdeen red
granite, polished, and is adorned with an open
book of grey granite, representing the famous
First Folio of 1623. One leaf exhibits its quaint
title-page : " Mr. William Shakespeare's Comedies,
Histories, and Tragedies. Published according to
the true originall copies. London, 1623." The
other has the extract from the epistle dedicatory,
part of which is given above. The tablet on the
front reads :

" To the memory of John Heminge and Henry Con-
dell, fellow-actors and personal friends of Shakespeare.
They lived many years in this parish and are buried
here. To their disinterested affection the world owes
all that it calls Shakespeare. They alone collected his
dramatic writings regardless of pecuniary loss, and with-
out the hope of any profit, gave them to the world.
They thus merited the gratitude of mankind."
On the left tablet is written :
"The fame of Shakespeare rests on his incomparable
dramas. There is no evidence that he ever intended to
publish them, and his premature death in 1616 made
this the interest of no one else. Heminge and Condell
had been co-partners with him at the Globe Theatre,
Southwark, and from the accumulated plays there of
thirty-five years with great labour selected them. No
men then living were so competent, having acted with
him in them for many years, and well knowing his manu-
scripts. They were published in 1623 in folio, thus
giving away their private rights therein. What they
did was priceless, for the whole of his manuscripts, with
almost all those of the drama of the period, have
perished."

The right tablet contains an extract from the
preface to the First Folio ; on the back of the monu-
ment are a few biographical particulars regarding
Condell and Heminge, and the quotation from
'Henry VIII.' (III. ii.), "Let all the ends thou
aim'st at be thy country's, thy God's, and truth's. 1
Quite consistently with the characteristic modesty
of the issuers of the First Folio, Shakespeare himself
is kept paramount in this monument, for it is sur-
mounted by a bronze bust of the great dramatist,
modelled from that in Stratford-on-Avon Church
by Mr. C. J. Allen, of University College, Liver
pool, who has also used the Droeshout portrait to
ensure a better likeness. At the unveiling the
Lord Mayor was present in state, and Mr. Bayard
(the American ambassador), Sir Henry Irving, the
"Rev. 0. 0. Collins (Vicar of St. Mary, Alderman
bury), and Sir Henry Knight (Alderman of the
Ward of Aldermanbury), gave addresses. Palmam

qui meruit ferat : the monument, it should have
been said, has been erected from the design and at
the cost of Mr. Charles Clement Walker, of Lilies-
ball Old Hall, Shropshire, who also selected the
"npcriptions. R. CI*ARK.

Walthamstow.

'DICTIONARY OF NATIONAL BIOGRAPHY 7 :

NOTES AND CORRECTIONS.
(See 6t g. x {. 105, 443 ; xii. 321 ; 7* S. i. 25, 82, 342,
376; ii. 102, 324, 355; iii. 101, 382; iv. 123, 325, 422 ;
v. 3, 43, 130, 362, 463, 506; vii. 22, 122, 202, 402 ; viii.
123, 382; ix. 182, 402 ; x. 102 ; xi. 162, 242, 342 ; xii.
102 ; 8th s. i. 162, 348, 509 ; ii. 82, 136, 222, 346, 522 ;
iii. 183 ; iv. 384; v. 82, 284, 504; vi. 142, 383; vii. 102;
viii. 63, 203, 443 ; ix. 263.)

Vol. XLVI.

Pp. 7-11 . Edw. Pococke. See 'Synopsis Metaph.
Frommenii,'0xon., 1704, in epist. nuncup. Wells,
1 Minor Prophets,' 1723, pref.

P. 11 b. Ockley's tranal. of ' Ebn Tophair
appeared in 1708, with ded. to Edw. Pococke,.
Rector of Minal, q.v.

P. 13. Rich. Pococke employed a foreigner to
transcribe for him in Brit. Mus., ' Gray,' by Mason,
1827, p. 224.

P. 14 b, and often. For " license " read licence.

Pp. 35-46. Card. Pole. See 'Ascbami Epistola?/
1602, pp. 99, 101, 275, 289, 552, 664 ; H. Whar-
ton's * Life,' prefixed to ' Sermons,' 1700 ; Word&-
worth, 'Eccl. Biog.,' 1818, ii. 118, 146.

P. 42 a. " To carefully weigh."

P. 49 a. For " Miton " read Myton. It was not
in Holderness.

Pp. 49-50. "Trinity chapel" is the church of
the Holy Trinity.

P. 50 a. " A hospital at the Maison Dieu "; th*
hospital was the Maison Dieu.

P. 68 a. Sir G. Pollock. Add * Annual Reg./
1842.

P. 74 a. A 12th ed. of John Pomfret's 'Poems/
1753 ; a later separate ed. issued by W. Suttaby,
1807.

Pp. 84 b, 90 a. Observe the curious coincidence,
two soldiers of the Ponsonby family are killed while
in the act of handing over their watches.

P. 91 a, line 6. For " York" read Cork.

P. 96. Geo. Ayliffe Poole married a daughter of
Jonathan Wilks, of St. Ann's, Burley. He also
wrote 'Illustrations of Patrington Church,' 1855 ;
there is a bibliography of his works in Northampton-
shire Notes and Queries, part i., Jan., 1884.

P. 125 b, line 22. For "Nos. 268-70" read
1 st 8. x.

Pp. 141, 148, 149, 305. Raleigh, Ralegh.

P. 142 b. Edw. Popham. See ' Literse Crom-
wellii,' 1676, p. 15.

P. 148. Sir John Popham was a manager of
Blundell's School, Nelson's 'Bull,' p. 10, Words-
worth's 'Eccl. Biog.,' 1818, v. 279; Willet
dedicated to him part of ' Synopsis Papism!,' 1609.

8S.X. AUG. 8/96.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

Ill

P. 150 a. For "Sheehan" read Sheahan.

P. 150. John Pordage. See W. Law's ' Works,'
1892, vi. 201.

Pp. 154-163. Porson. See Mathias, 'P. of L.,'
pp. 98, 144, 157, 414 ; Wrangham's ' Zouch,' i.
p. xii ; Byron's ' Hours of Idleness'; ' D. N. B.,'
Txxvii. 69 a.

P. 187. B.A. Glasgow?

P. 192. R. K. Porter. Add 'N. & Q.,' 6* S.
xi. 330; 7">S.vii. 312.

P. 197. Bp. Porteus. See Roberts's ' Memoir
of Hannah More '; ' Memoir of Amos Green,' 1823,
p. 174; Mathias, *P. of L.,' p. 317; he was a
friend of Beattie, and offered him a living in the
Church of England ; see especially a large mass of
material, gathered by Prof. Mayor and others, in
4 N. & Q.,' 5 th 8. xii. 164, 209, 255, 296, 373, 515 ;
add 'Life of W. Wilberforce,' iii. 365; Neale,
4 Church Difficulties,' 1852, p. 223.

P. 205. John Postlethwayt. See Bp. Patrick's
<Autob.,'p. 128.

P. 212. Christopher Potter. It was at his sug-
gestion that Hammond published his * Practical
Catechism '; Wordsworth, ' Eccl. Biog.,' 1818, v.
356, 407.

P. 216. Abp. Potter. Blackwall says he is a
" noble critic, sound divine, great man," * Sacred
Classic?,' 1737, i. 126.

P. 217 b. John Potter. The 9th ed. of Salmon's
' Gazetteer,' 1773, was edited by " Mr. Potter."

P. 223 a. For " Stockhead, Beverley," read
Stockeld, Bewerley.

P. 231 b. For "Seignory," " Nunkealing," read
Seigniory, NunJceeling.

P. 237. B. Powell's 'Essay on the Study of
Natural Theology' waa in the 'Oxford Essays,'
1857.

P. 242 b. George Powell was acticg at Oxford
in 1713, Guardian, 1756, ii. 61.

P. 244 b. Sir John Powell gave an opinion on a
point in Sachevereirs trial.

P. 246. Powell's puppets, see ' Book of Days/ii.

P. 256 a. For "Ealand " read Elland.

P. 269 a. Sir L. Powys gave an opinion in
Sacheverell's case.

P. 269 b. Sir Tho. Powys. Garth gives him a
bad character, 4 Dispensary,' canto iv.

P. 270 b. "Diosemea," ? Diosemeia.

P. 281 b, line 34. Omit " then," which makes
nonsense.

P. 294. Josiah Pratt. See Jowett's ' Memoir
of C. Neale,' 1835, p. 89; 'Memoir of T. Dykes '
1849, p. 216 ; Illust. Land. N., 1847, i. 416.

P. 294 b, line 16 from foot. For " 1865 " read
1856.

P. 295 b. Dean Samuel Pratt. Blackwall calls
him "the learned Dr. Pratt," 'Sacred Classics,'
1737, i. 45.

P. 296. S. J. Pratt. See Gifford, ' Mreviad,'
296, note.

P. 303. Prentis. See 'N. & Q.,' 3 rd S. ix.

P. 309 a. John Preston. On forms of prayer,
see Hammond, 'Directory and Liturgy,' 1646,
p. 15.

P. 314 a. Tho. Preeton. See Wordsworth,
' Eccl. Biog.,' 1818, iv. 322-3.

P. 321. Sir G. Prevoat edited R. W. Huntley's
' Sermons with Memoir,' 1860.

P. 328. Price, alchemist. See 'N. & Q.,' 3 rd
S. viii. 290, 405.

P. 330 a, line 2 from foot. For "York" read
YorJce.

P. 336 a. Price and the Revolution, see Wrang-
ham's ' Zouch,' ii. 439.

Pp. 338-9. Theodore Price. Owen has two epi-
grams to him.

Pp. 346-7. Rhys Prichard. Bp. Bull at first
desired to be buried at Llandovery, out of respect
to him, Nelson's ' Bull,' 1714, p. 475.

Pp. 347-8. R. Pricket. See 'N. & Q.,' 6 th S.
ii. 235; Hazlitt's 'Collections,' 1876, p. 341;
Catal. of Freeling's Sale, 1836.

P. 353 b. On Prideaux's affliction through the
stone, see the preface to his ' Old and New Testa-
ment connected.'

P. 354. Bp. Prideaux, as Regius Prof, of Divinity,
see Sanderson, 'De Juramenti Oblig.,' 1647, oratio,
p. 10.

P. 355 b. Prideaux. 10. Fasciculus, ed. 3.,
1664.

Pp. 357-376. Priestley. See Jones's preface to
Leslie's 'Short Method with Deists'; Mathias,
* P. of L.,' p. 48 ; sn orig. letter, on character of
clergy, in Wrangham's 'Zouch,' i. p. Ixv.

P. 368 a. Priestley. Joseph Benson and John
Fletcher wrote against bis Materialism and
Socinianism, 1788-91.

P. 380 a. The reference to the present peer is
out of place.

P. 380 a. " Earl of Stanhope " ?

Pp. 397 a, b, 398 a. For "Shepherd" read
Sheppard.

P. 401. M. Prior. Gay classes him with Con-
greve, Swift, and Pope, 4 Poems,' 1752, ii. 37 ; in
Curll's 'Miscellanea,' 1727, i. 140-1, he is classed
with Pope and Puck. Some of his poems are
printed with Rochester and Roscommon, 1707, ii.
122-4.

P. 402 a. Tho. Prior. ' Dialogue between Dean
Swift and Tho. Prior,' Dubl., 1753, 8vo. pp. 134.

P. 406 b. E. W. Pritchard. The ' Observations
on Filey ' reached a 3rd ed., 1856.

P. 421 b, line 19. For " C. W." read W. C.

P. 430 b, lines 8, 49. For " Transactions " read
Publications.

P. 444 a. Jane Puckering. See ' Literse Crom-
wellii,' 1676, p. 1 2.

The article on Joseph Priestley, pp. 357-376, is a
typical instance of an unfortunate want of balance
in the 'Dictionary.' To the great majority of

11:

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[8> S. X. AUG. 8, '96,

English readers, Joseph Priestley is now but a
name. For one who cares to know anything about
him, there are hundreds who are still willing to
read anything about Pope. Yet the bibliography
and authorities under Priestley are nearly twice
the length of those under Pope. Moreover the
whole account is too technical and minute for any
but an expert, who is precisely the person who
would never take his facts from this source. Again,
to mention two other cases : the clergy should be
included in the same proportion as dissenting
ministers, and the other counties of England should
nave an equal proportionate share with (e. g.) Lan-
cashire and Scotland. W. C. B.

BOOK PRICES. The following remarkable prices
given for some books and Shakspearian relics at
Sotheby's and Christie's are worthy of being
chronicled in ' N. & Q.' I gleaned them from a
June number of the Manchester Courier :

" Some very interesting books from the library of Mr
Alfred Crampon, of Paris, were disposed of recently at
the rooms of Messrs. Sotheby at remarkably high prices.
A folio, first edition, in calf, with gilt back and edges, of
the comedies and tragedies of Beaumont and Fletcher
realized 101. 10s. Lord Byron's * Poems on Various
Occasions,' a very fine copy, in red morocco, of the
exceedingly rare privately printed edition, fetched 45J. ;
and the same poet's ' Hours of Idleness,' a large-paper
copy, in boards, 201 An edition of Byron's English
Bards and Scotch Reviewers,' which is said to be unique,
was sold at 281. The copy, which belonged to James
Boswell, the son of Johnson's biographer, was elegantly
bound in green morocco by De Corerley. In 1881, at
the sale of Col. Grant's library, a rare first edition of
Byron's ' Waltz ' was disposed of for 241. The same
copy now realized 551. The sum of 151. was obtained
for Chapman's ' Homer ' (1616), and a similar sum for
Chaucer's works, in black letter, of about the year 1542.
A first edition, in calf, of Coleridge's ' Poems on Various
Subjects ' changed hands at 201. Inserted in the copy
was Coleridge's receipt for ' the sum of thirty guineas
for the copyright of my poems, beginning with the
monody on Chattertpn and ending with religious
musings.' A first edition of Defoe's ' Robinson Crusoe,'
in three volumes, fetched 751. The sensation of the
sale was reached when Browning's 'Pauline,' a first
edition, in green morocco extra, by Bedford, was put up.
Only three or four copies of the book are known, and on
the fly-leaf there is an interesting note in Browning's
writing. Fifteen years ago the book was sold by Messrs.
Pearson & Co., of London, to Mr. Crampon for 15/. 15*.
After some exciting bidding, the copy was bought back
by the same firm for 145Z. The continuation of the sale
of Mr. Crampon's library was productive of further
sensational prices. A volume of Milton's which con-
tained the first edition of his ' Lycidas,' went for 87,
and a large copy of his poems, with the rare portrait by
Marshall, for 511. His ' Paradise Lost,' with the very
first title-page, brought 902,, notwithstanding the outside
line in a few pages had been cut into.

" Collectors of Shakespearian relics had also an oppor-
tunity of adding to their store, when a large number of
articles were disposed of at Christie's. The visitors' book
of Shakespeare's birthplace, from July, 1812, to August,
1819, and the two visitors' books of the house opposite,
from 1819 to 1888 were sold for 11*. Among the signa-

tures in the books were those of Byron, Charles
Mathews, Duke of Clarence (William IV.), Maria Edge-
worth, Charles Kean, and Longfellow. A square-shaped
lantern of painted lead, made of the remains of the window-
frame belonging to the poet's study, was secured for 6J.,
while an oak arm-chair, the back carved with scrolls and
ornaments in relief, fetched 12*. 105. Anne Hathaway's
oak chest went for SI. 5s. The sum of 26*. was given for
an oblong panel of plaster, with the subject of David
and Goliath in high relief in colours and gold. The-
panel, which bore an inscription and the date 1606, was
taken from the wall of Shakespeare's houee.

" At the same sale, * Breviarium Romanum cum Galen -
dariis,' a grand illuminated manuscript of the fifteenth
century, executed in Italy, realized the high figure of
155*. A two-page quarto letter of Gay's, in which he
humorously described the characteristics of different
cities, was sold for 48*."

J. B. S.

ST. SWITHUN. In ' Whitaker's Almanack ' for
the present year St. Swithin's name appears spelt
as above under the date 15 July. Last year the
1 Almanack ' had " St. S within." Is such altera-
tion necessary? The saint has long been known
as St. Swithin, and no doubt will long continue
to be so known.

In the 'Country Almanac/ 1675, we have :
If St. Swithin weeps, the proverb says,
The weather will be foul for forty days.
R. T. Hampson, in his ' Medii Mvi Kalen-
darium,' vol. ii. p. 369, remarks :

" Though the name is Swithun [cf. 861, 'Chron. Sax.'J
there is ancient authority for the modern orthography :
Seint Swifjjnn pe confessour was her of Engelonde,
Biside Wynchestre he was ibore as ich understonde.
Bi ]>e kinges day Egberd Jns gode man was ibore,
l> 1 bo was king of Engelond and somewhat ek bifore.
Harl. MS. 2:247, fo. 78."

Freeman spells the name " Swithhun," ' Old Eng-
lish History,' p. 103, 1873.

F. C. BIRKBECK TERRY*
[See 5 th S. xi. 185, 275.]

ST. SWITHIN AND THE APPLES. When I was
a lad we were told not to eat apples before St.
Swithin's day or they would make us ill, as they
had not been christened. This was in South Notts.
I do not know whether this bit of folk-lore is
generally current or has been noted in these
columns. C. C. B,

[See 5 th S. xii. 46.]

BURNS AND SHAKSPEARE. In an interesting
article which appeared in the Scotsman recently,,
entitled ' The Burial of Burn*/ it is stated that
the poet's remains were removed from the grave
n St. Michael's Churchyard, Dumfries, where?
they had lain since 1796, to a new resting-p3ace-
beneath the monument erected in 1815. The-
re-interment took place in September of the-
same year. The article further relates that io
March, 1834, the night preceding the burial of
"Bonnie Jean," the vault was opened and a east
taken of the skull of the poet, a report being made
to the Phrenological Society of Edinburgh giving

8* 8. X. AUG. 8, '96.3

NOTES AND QUERIES.

113

statistics of measurement. After having been out
of the vault some hours, the skull was replaced and
lay at peace till the poet's eldest son was buried in
1857, when the restless skull was again handed
about before it was replaced ; the casket of lead that
contained it was filled with pitch to secure its
preservation. What a contrast these movings and
manipulations form to the unbroken peace in which
the bones of Shakespeare have rested ! We do not
know the sentiments of Burns regarding his mortal
remains, but we know Shakespeare's at least we
can imagine them to be his from the verse engraven
on the stone over his grave :

Good frend for Jesvs sake forbeare
To digg the dvst encloaeed heare :
Blest be y e man y l spares tbes stones
And cvrst be he y l moves my bones.

Whether Shakespeare wrote the above or not, I
think there can be little doubt that the verse has had
much influence in checking morbid curiosity ; in
disappointing those who rejoice in such statistics
as the exact circumference, length, breadth, and
height of a man's skull ; and above all in pre-
serving the tranquillity of the grave.

JAMES R. FERGUSSON.
Spitalhaugh, West Linton, N.B.

THE THIRTY-SIX KINDS OF MALT LIQUOR SOLD
IN LONDON IN 1708. In * A Dissertation upon
Drunkenness, shewing to what an intolerable Pitch
that Vice is arriv'd at in this Kingdom,' &c., the
writer says, p. 5 :

" I shall proceed to take a View of the sundry Sorts of
Malt Liquors now used in this Town, according to their
eeverall Appellations, viz., the first that enters the Lists is
the so-much magnified Beer of Dorchester, next Burton
Ale, Lincoln Ale, Derby Ale, Litchfield Ale, Yorkshire
Ale, Yorkshire Stingo, Doncaster Ale, Basingstoke Beer,
October Beer, Nottingham Ale, Boston Ale, Abingdon
Beer, Newberry Beer, Chesterfield Ale, Welch Ale, Nor-
wich Nogg, Amber Beer, Sir John Parson's Beer, Tarn-
worth Ale, Dr. Butler's Ale, Devonshire Beer, Plymouth
White Ale, Oxford Ale, Sussex Beer, Home-brew'd or
Town Ale: These are all capital Liquors, that have
lain their Thousands : Next follows Jobson's Julep, or
Lyon's Blood, a most furious Beer, devis'd at a Con-
sultation of Brewers, to reach the Pallate of an infamous
Drunkard : The Czarina's Tea, a fierce Drink, projected
in the Island of Jersey, said to be a Degree beyond Brandy,
and is at present but in Rehearsal about the Town :
Devil's Diuretick, a humming Liquor, used by Coach-
men and Grooms : Coal-Heaver's Cordial, a heady beer,
dispens'd by an Alehouse-keeper in Milford Lane:
Twankam, a West- Country Beer: Three Threads and
Six Threads, Compositions of sundry Liquors : Twopenny:
Besides Numbers of Pale Ales.nam'd after the respective
Brewers that prepare them; and, lastly, plain Humble
Porter.

" Every one may remember, that little more than a
Year since, it appear'd by the Returns of the High and
i etty Constables of the County of Middlesex, made upon
their Oaths, that there were within the Weekly Bills of
Mortality, and such other Parts of that County as are
now by the Contiguity of Buildings become Part of the
lown (exclusive of London and Southwark) 6,187 Houses
and Shops, wherein Geneva and other Strong Waters

are publickly sold by Retail. Nothing is more destructive,
either in Regard to the Health, or the Vigilance and
Industry of the Poor, than this infamous Liquor."

F. J. F.

INKHORNS. The subject of hornbooks has
recently, I understand, been exhaustively treated.
Has any one ever taken up the subject of inkhorns ?
The general idea of one conveyed by the impres-
sionist artist is that of a clumsy contrivance of a
barbarous and benighted age. I have in my pos-
session a screw-capped ink-bottle of horn that
rather belies this notion. It was used at the com-
munal school of their native village in Burgundy
by my mother, by her elder sisters, and by the
father of these latter before them, so that it must
be more than a hundred years old. In shape it
very much reminds one of an ordinary cannon-
pattern street-post, the widest portion being close
above the base, and the cap, which is flush with
the conically tapering sides, surmounted by a
squat acorn-and-cup-shaped knob on a short neck.
THOMAS J. JEAKES.

4, Bloomsbury Place, Brighton.

SWIFT CONCORDANCE. I crave for a concordance
to the writings of the most brilliant mind in Eng-
lish literature next to Shakespeare in originality
and knowledge of every walk of life. Surely
Jonathan Swift deserves one. It is time that the
treasures of wit, knowledge, and expression buried
in the nineteen volumes thrown together so loosely
by Scott were opened up to the busy man. I venture
to say that if made, no other concordance would be
handled so often, barring, of course, Shakespeare's.

SEEKER.

CHALKING THE UNMARRIED. The following
may be worthy of a niche in * N. & Q. 1 :

" The old custom of chalking the youths and maidens
who remain unmarried after Shrovetide is generally
known in the South of Ireland. In Irish agricultural
districts the time for weddings is limited to the interval
between Christmas and Ash Wednesday, the first day of
Lent. Shrovetide ends with the gaieties of carnival,
which, in this country, brings with it none of the wild
excitement so often witnessed on the Continent. Lent
then comes on, and there is a temporary cessation of all
frolics; but, on the firat Sunday of Lent, the light-
hearted have a fresh opportunity for fun. All the
children arm themselves with pieces of chalk, or with
sticks chalked at the end ; this latter is a device of the
more wary, to keep them beyond reach of those passers-
by whose tempers are easily ruffled. Sometimes, in a
cottage doorway, a group of little urchins may be seen
industriously covering each finger, and even the whole
front of the hand, with a thick coating of chalk ; then
they wait patiently for a favourable opportunity to im-
print the marks on a nicely-brushed black coat, or, better
still, a lady's sealskin jacket. In the country all this
goes on when the people are going to or from church ;
but it is carried on to a much greater extent in towns.
There, towards evening, the reinforcements to the chalk-
ing army are so strong that few can go many yards
without some chalk mark?. In the excitement of the
moment the original meaning is forgotten ; or, perhaps,

114

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[8 th S. X. AUG. 8, '96.

like Morgiana in the ' Forty Thieves,' those who have
been judiciously marked try to turn attention from them-
selves by chalking all indiscriminately. When the night
is fine the flagways are white with powdered chalk, and
remind one by their appearance of the continental custom
of throwing comfits during the carnival." Morning.
18 March.

0. P. HALE.

COMMONPLACE-BOOKS. I think the following
from the Athenceum of 21 Dec., 1895, is worth
enshrining in ' N. & Q.' I transcribe the passage
with peculiar pleasure, as my own commonplace-
books are a small library in themselves :

"Rightly apprehended, a commonplace-book, although
entirely of quotations, is an intellectual self-revelation
of peculiar interest. It is, in spite of itself, autobio-
graphical a workshop where thought ia seen in the
making, even though it be merely in assorting the thought
of other people."

JONATHAN BODCHIER.

Ropley, Alresford.

PHCEBUS. I may call attention to the fact that
Ovid gives the name of Phoebus to two different
gods, Helios and Apollo. Horace and other authors
make Apollo and the sun-god Phoebus the same.
Ovid, in the story of Phaeton, calls the sun-god
Phoebus, but never Apollo. The commentators,
however, in their notes do call him Apollo, and make
confusion. In the fourth book of the ' Metamor-
phoses ' the sun-god is mentioned as " Hyperione
catus " ; and at the same time it is said that the fate
of Leucothoe affected him as much as that of
Phaeton. It is clear, therefore, that Phoebus is the
eon of Hyperion, and that he is not the same as
Phoebus Apollo, the son of Latona and Jupiter.
Ovid identifies Phoebus the sun-god with Titan.
In the part of the ' Metamorphoses ' relating to
Phaeton is the line,

Jungere equoa Titan velocibus imperat Horis.

Bk. ii. 1. 118.
Homer makes Hyperion and Helios the same.

E. YARDLET.

"THE QUIET WOMAN." Old inhabitants of
Bedford remember that the " Queen's Head Inn,"
which has recently been pulled down, formerly
bore the remarkable sign of " The Quiet Woman."
The Bedfordshire Times of 16 May says there is a
legend associated with this strange title, and asks
if any one can recall it. I think the question
might be repeated in * N. & Q.'

JOSEPH COLLINSON.

Brent Street, Hendon, N.W.

LEONARD POE, M.D. His will is registered in
the Prerogative Court of Canterbury, 37 St. John,
and, like most wills of that period, doubtless con-
tains some interesting particulars. His son Tbeo-
philns Poe, of Pembroke College, Oxford, contri-
buted verses to ' Oxoniensis Academies Parentalia
(1625)' on the death of James I.

GORDON GOODWIN.

"BEAZED." "Them 'ops gets reg'lur beazed
this 'ot weather " is said in West Worcestershire
of hops when dried and withered in the sun. Is
this word used in any other part of England ?

THE EDITOR OF THE
* ENGLISH DIALECT DICTIONARY.'
Clarendon Press, Oxford.

DOMESDAY SURVEY. Will any reader help me
in the following difficulty? In the account of
Fulham Manor occurs the following item as a
source of revenue to the Bishop of London, the
lord of the manor : " De dimid' gurgite x sol',"
which, extended, reads, " De dimidio gurgite x
solidi." What is to be understood by "gur-
gite"? Baldwin translates it, "For half the
stream, ten shillings." In lieu of stream, others
read weir, but still the meaning is no clearer. If
" de dimidio gurgite" means "from half the
stream" (i. e., the river Thames), one might fairly
assume that the sum of ten shillings was derived
from the fishery along the Fulham shore, which,
from time out of mind, was owned by the bishop,
and leased by him to fishermen and others. The
ordinary meaning of gurges is, of course, a whirl-
pool, a deep place in water, in a lake or river.
It seems to me that the reference must be to the
ancient ferry between Fulham and Putney, the
ownership of which lay between the lord of the
manor of Wimbledon and the Bishop of London.
Can gurges mean the deep part of the river at
Fulham, where the ferry plied ?

Can any one also help me to identify the position
of the five hides of land in Fulham which the
Domesday Survey records were held by the
Canons of St. Paul's ; or tell me when, or under
what circumstances, this small manor passed out
of their possession ? I have reason to believe that
the land was in Hammersmith, but adjacent to
Fulham parish. The parish church of Hammer-
smith is, curiously enough, dedicated to St. Paul.
Is this a mere coincidence ? Part of the land of
the Brandenburgh estate belonged to the Chan-
cellors of St. Paul's. The Chancellors, Chancellor's
Road, &o., in this portion of Hammersmith also
suggest a connexion with the Chancellors of St.
Paul's. Any information on this obscure subject
would be greatly valued by me.

CHAS. JAS. FfeRET.

49, Edith Road, West Kensington, W.

HILL FAMILY. " Robert Hill, of Newtowr, co.
Cambridge, gent.," was living in 1667, and was
then married. Can any of your correspondents
who are canversant with Cambridge genealogies

8" 8.X. Auo.8,'96.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

115

inform me as to his descent, his wife's parentage
&c. ? Any information regarding the family will be
acceptable. SIGMA TAU.

1 COR. n. 9. There is a well-known, but an
unauthorized, variation of this text, which is hearc
often in sermons, and even finds its way into
printed discourses. Can the first appearance in
literature be traced ? There is an intimation of its
currency in ' Midsummer Night's Dream/ IV. ii.
but the earliest place in which I have found the
actual misquotation is the Guardian, No. 27
(11 April, 1713).

EDWARD H. MARSHALL, M.A.

Hastings.

MARQUIS OF GRANBY'S REGIMENT FOR GER-
MANY. Does any muster roll exist of this corps .
or are there any muster rolls of our army at the
period? DRUM AND B'IFE.

RELIGIOUS DANCING. In 'Fae to Face with
the Mexicans,' by F. C. Gooch, p. 257, there is a
description of the dance in honour of Our Lady of
Guadalupe, held at her fete in the middle of
December. "The circles, with all their varied
colours," says the author, "danced in opposite
directions with a slow bounding step that was half

waltz, half minuet It was the wildest, most

mournful dance that mortal could invent." Is
this dance supposed to have been transferred from
the native religion of Mexico to the existing faith ?
Our Lady of Guadalupe, whose adoration has
become a national cult, was placed on the banner
of the patriots In revolt against Spanish misrule.
The Royalists, on their part, are said to have per-
secuted bitterly the worshippers at her shrine, and
to have opposed Virgin to Virgin by placing on
their own banner the Spanish " Nuestra Seiiora
de loa Remedies." Is it known that any goddess
or demi-goddess of the days anterior to the Spanish
invasion, with attributes resembling those of the
Madonna now honoured, was worshipped with
saltatory rites, or that any feast on the approach
of the winter solstice was celebrated by circular
dances? Dancing, of course, belonged to the
religious ceremonial of the Aztecs; but did it occur
in instances likely to be blended with and adapted
to the creed of their conquerors ? A. E. 0. E.

VECTIS. Was this name given to the Isle of
Wight by the Romans; and, if so, has it any
meaning ? Any information on this will be much
appreciated. M. H. C.

'SALEM AND BYZAVNCE.' There has been for
several years among my collections a fragment of
eight mutilated uncut leaves (including title, table,
and end) of a small 8vo. tract of forty-four leavep,
entitled 'The eeconde Dialogue betwene Salem
and Bjzavnce,' printed in Gothic letter at London
by Tho. Berthelet, 1534. It should contain an

introduction, with the text in" eight chapter?,
of which the titles are given in the table. This I
claim to have discovered as ft work hitherto un-
known to all bibliographers. Some of them,lhow-
ever, mention ' Salem and Byzance,' a rare email
square 8vo. tract, in black-letter, by the 1 same
printer, published in the previous year, and con-
taining one hundred and seven leaves, including-
title and leaf of errata at end, the text being
divided into twenty-four chapters. Of this latter
(which forms the first " Dialogue ") a copy is in
the British Museum, under press-mark C. 21. b.
Both these works, although without name of
author, are doubtless by C. Saint Germain. My
fragment, as above, has formed part of the sheet-
or quire * waste " of the book, and evidently beea
used towards making up the boards from which
it has been purposely separated by immersion in
water of the binding of a copy of some contem-
porary work of small folio size, which apparently
belonged to Sir Roger Man wood, the judge
(1525-92), it bearing across the text the signature,
in a good hand,* "Rogerus Manwood precija
vij 8 iiij d ," as well as " Thomas Sloughton is " (un-
finished). Can any reference whatever to this?
"Seconde Dialogue" be found either in print or
MS. ? W. I. R. V.

ARTHUR GOLDING. I should feel greatly
obliged to any reader of ' N. & Q.' if he would
;ell me when and where the above author and
translator of the time of Queen Elizabeth died, and
f there is a tablet or monument to his memory
anywhere. It seems very strange that such a
celebrated man, and one who had such influential
'riends and connexions, and was also the owner of
such extensive properties, should have suddenly
disappeared, and that there should be no record
of where he was buried or if he left any family.
The account given of him in the 'Dictionary of
National Biography ' (vol. xxii. p. 75), published
n 1885, may since have induced some one to col-
ect additional information. J. GOLDINO.

Lettermacaward, Strabane.

UNIDENTIFIED HERALDRY ON OLD PLATE.

A silver salver showing the marks of the year 1694

has engraved upon it the following arms : Semee

there are seven) of fleur-de-lis, a lion rampant,

mpaling a chevron ermine between three cross-

rosslets fitchy ; crest, a lion passant ; wreath and

mantling. On the under side of the salver the

etters " E. S." are very neatly scratched. Below

he arms are engraved, in flowing ornamental

apitals of a much later date than the other work,

he letters "S. G." The dexter coat and crest

eem to be those of the Beaumont family ; but

* The article relating to him in ' D. N. B ,' however,
states that " his hand is one of the least legible ever
written." But possibly this does not apply correctly
to the same in the younger period of his life.

116

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[8 8. X. Auo. 8, '95.

whom does the sinister coat represent ? Pap worth
assigns it to Reynolds and Randes. Can any
reader point to a Beaumont who married, before
or at this date (1694), a lady of either of these
families ? All that is known about the history of
this piece of plate is as follows : It belonged for-
merly to Susanna Garnham, who was born in
1787-8 and died in 1870, having married Joseph
Welham, of Earl Stonham, co. Suffolk. She was
daughter of John Garnham (born 1750-1, died
1820), of Stonham, by Rebecca (born 1756-7,
died 1807), his wife. Mrs. Welham, at her death,
bequeathed the salver to a niece, in the possession
of whose descendants it still remains. According
to tradition it passed to the Garnhams from some
one of the name of either Burroughs or Jenney.
Any information will be gratefully acknowledged.
Kindly reply direct to

CHARLES S. PARTRIDGE.
Stowmarket, Suffolk.

P.S. I shall be pleased to send to any one in-
terested in this query a rubbing of the coat of
arms and a sealing-wax impression of the plate-
marks.

BLENKARD. In a volume published this year,
entitled ' Sutton in Holderness,' by Thomas Bias-
hill, there is an account of a dinner given in 1695,
and one of the items is as follows : " To : 30 :
Bottles of Blenkard ^03 : 00 : 00." What is, or
was, Blenkard? FLORENCE PEACOCK.

" PILOMET. " Can any reader who knows Hebrew
help me in the following matter ? In a book
called 'I. D. B.,' and dealing with "Illicit
Diamond Buying" (Chapman & Hall), I find the
mysterious word "Pilomef frequently used by
the Jewish hero. On p. 250 it is explained as
being a vulgar term for Petticoat Lane. It occurs
again on the next page. " ' What do you think ? '
ejaculated Solomon, falling back on Pilomet for
his expletives." I should like to know the origin
and exact significance of this slang expression,
which I do nob remember having seen before.

JOHN GAULD.

HIGHLAND BREED OF HORSES. I find it
stated that the Highlands possessed a native breed
of very handsome horses small, hardy, sure-
footed, good-tempered, and of great endurance.
The pure breed was spoiled by crossing with
English stallions and brood mares, and latterly
with Clydesdales. Had this breed any distinctive
name 1 ? Would they be truly indigenous? ]
shall be glad of any reference to this breed founc
previous to the eighteenth century.

R. HEDGER WALLACE.

CIRCULAR OR HORSE - SHOE SHAPED BREAD
BAKING OVENS. In Central Sussex I have re
cently examined several circular or horse -shoe
shaped bread-baking ovens in various old house

and cottages. I should gratefully appreciate in-
ormation as to their probable date, as to when
he circular or horse-shoe shaped oven ceased
o be built, and about when it was replaced by
he straight-sided bread-baking ovens, which are,
f course, much cheaper and easier to construct.
J. LAWRENCE-HAMILTON, M.R.C.S.
30, Sussex Square, Brighton.

JOHN COBB, Warden of Winchester College,
married Sarah, daughter of Sir Hugh Stukeley,
second baronet, of Hinton Ampner, Hants. She is

said to have twice remarried, (1) to St. John,

Esq., of Farley, and (2) to Capt. Francis Towns-
end. Any proofs of these three marriages and the
)lace of her death and burial would much oblige.

E. H. W. D.

SURNAMES OF NATURAL CHILDREN ON THE
SCOTCH BORDER. Can any readers of f N. & Q.'
nform me whether in earlier days it was customary
for the natural children of men in influential
positions to take the surnames of their fathers, and
whether say prior to 1700 illegitimate children
were any considerable portion of the population
in Dumfriesshire and neighbouring counties ?

A. J.

THE CHURCH KEY FIGURED IN THE REGISTER.
Hearne says :

' The figure of the key of the west door of the Church
was put down in the register, a thing frequently prac-
ticed by the Ancients at the delivery of the Church Keys

to the Ostiarii They were even marked among the

dates of some charters to denote on what days movable
feasts fell, and were called ' Clavea Terminorum.' "

Will any reader of * N. & Q.' supply me with
instances of their occurrence ? C. E. P.

DOMESDAY OAK. In Berkeley Park, Gloucester-
shire, there are the remnants of a magnificent oak
tree which I have been told by those who live in
the neighbourhood is called " the Domesday oak,"
because it is mentioned in that record. I have
spent no little time, without effect, in searching for
the passage. If it exists I should be glad if any
one would send the reference to ' N. & Q.'

ROBUR.

FAMILY ARMS IN THE REPUBLICS OF EUROPE.
How and by what authority are these borne
and regulated in Switzerland and other such
republics ? As for Holland, I have heard that a
man was free to design and bear a coat of arms at
his pleasure. Is this so ? Y.

AUTHORS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED.

and true he say,

All mankind, one and t' other,
Kegro, Mulatto, and Malay,
Through all de world be brother.

Nox nulla secura est.

V. S. L.

IOTA.

sths.x.Auo.8,'96.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

117

OXFORD IN BAELY TIMES.

(8">S.ix. 308; x. 12,52.)
I think MR. MARSHALL does well to refer tc
Appendix B in Mr. Parker's ' Early History o
Oxford,' as it was evidently written with grea
care. But anything more futile than the summing
tip of the question which is there given I hav<
seldom seen.

We are told (1) that there is " strong reason fo

the probability of the name of Ouse or some

cognate form of the river- word having been appliec

at one time to the Thames as it flows past Oxford.'

I know of no reason, except that the author is so

cowed and terrified by the everlasting assertions

of the guessers that he does not dare to pass them

by in silence. Yet it is obvious that Ouse-ford is

not Oxford ; nor could it have produced Oxford

by any known phonetic laws. Tfcis is practically

acknowledged by the addition of the otherwise

unmeaning clause " or some cognate form." As

to what the cognate form is, we are left to guess.

In other words, all this unfounded assertion is

built upon nothing but an old and needless guess

that wholly fails to account for the A.-3. oxna.

Then we are told (2) " that a ford over that river

should be called from the river is more likely to

have been the case than from certain cattle which

may have crossed the river." Here we come, at

least, to something that one can test. And we can

easily tell that there is nothing in this assertion

that is of any weight at all.

The evidence is altogether the other way. As a
fact, the English did call fords after the names of
animal?, not necessarily because animals crossed
the rivers, but as a note of the depth of the ford ;
for there are well-known and easily producible
cases.

Cow-ford is the A.-S. Cu-ford (in Kemble) ; and
<u simply means "cow." I think it highly pro-
bable that the same prefix occurs in Cowbridge,
Cowbit, Cowden, Cowfold, Cowley, and Cowton ;
all in the index to Philips' ' County Atlas.'

Gos-ford is the A.-S. gos-ford (Kemble) ; from
gos y a goose ; cf. gos-ling. Of. Gosfield, Gos-
fortb.

Hert-ford is the A.-S. heart- ford; from heorot,
a hart. It also appears as Hartford. Cf. Hart-
burn, Hartfield, Harthill, Hartland, Hartley,
Hartwell.

Hertford answers to A.-S. hors-ford (Kemble) ;
from hors, a horse. Cf. Horseheatb, Horseley,
Horsey, Horsforth, Horsham, Horsley, Horsted.

Kemble gives a place-name Hrvthera- ford,
literally, "ford of the rothers"; a rother being a
related word to Sc. runt. Cf. Rotherhaoi, Rother-
field, Rotherby. However, there is a river-name
Bother ; so let this evidence go for nothing.

But there still remains Swinford, from the A.-S.
Swln-ford obviously, as I think, the ford of
swine. Of course, the accented i is shortened
before two consonants. Cf. Swinbridge, Swin-
brook, Swindale, Swindon, Swinefleet, Swines-
head, Swinfen. It is curious that Cat-ford crosses
the Raven's-bourne.

Besides these there are names like Strat-ford,
Stret-ford, where I entirely decline to accept the
above dictum. There is no such river as Strat.
It is high time for Englishmen to understand that
at least some English names are of English origin.
WALTER W. SKEAT.

The Right Hon. G. N. Curzon, M.P., in a paper
on * The Pamirs and the Source of the Oxus, 1 which
appeared in the July number of the Geographical
Journal, while discussing the various theories
which have been advanced to account for the
Hellenic name of that river, says, in conclusion :

" To me it appears more likely that the Greeks of
Alexander's day should have heard a Tajik or Iranian
name, t. e., a word of Aryan descent ; and whether this
now unknown word was allied or not to the root-forms
cited by Rawlinson and Yule, it may conceivably in its
origin have sprung from that primordial form signifying
water which is variously supposed to reappear in the
Latin aqua, French Aix, Erse uisge, Gaelic usque-b&ugh,
English whisky, and in the river names Usk, Axe, Exe,
Esk, Ox-ford, and Ouse."

Whatever may be the origin of the river-names,
I think it will be generally admitted that PROF.
SKEAT has conclusively settled the question so far
as Oxford is concerned. The Hebrew form Oaen-
ford, cited by ME. M. D. DAVIS, proves nothing
either way, for Hebrew does not possess the letter
x. The name Xerxes, for instance, is written
Akhashverosh (cf. Gesenius, ' Thesaurus,' p. 74,
for a learned dissertation on the Ahasuerus of the
Bible), and Osenford is the natural transliteration
of Oxen ford in Hebrew characters.

Mr. James Parker, as quoted by the REV. ED.
MARSHALL, says: (1) "That there is a strong
>robabilityof the name of Ouse or some cognate form
of the river-word having been applied at one time
o the Thames as it flows past Oxford," and
2) " that a ford over that river should be called
rom the river is more likely to have been the case
han from certain cattle which may have crossed
he river." As regards (I), even a probability
must spring from some kind of base, and I would
ask if there is anv evidence, beyond Higden's
entative guess at Ysa, that the Thames at Ox-
ord was ever called Ouse or some cognate form of
hat word. Next, with reference to (2), is it
eally a usual thing for a ford to be called from the
iver which it crosses 1 A few instances in sup-
>ort of this " probability " would be welcome.
Vith Oxford we have the analogous forms Hors-
ord and Swinford, and I can see nothing unlikely
n a ford receiving its name from the animals that
hiefly use it. If fords are named from rivers,

118

NOTES AND QUERIES.

how is it that Bedford is not named Ouseford or
Oxford ? Here we have, not a hypothetical, but
a real Oase, and a river, too, which seems at times
to have been liberal in the facilities which it
afforded for the accommodation of foot passengers
(see 4 th S. ii. 276). W. F. PRIDBAUX.

Kingsland, Shrewsbury.

UMBRIKL (8 th S. ix. 507 ; x. 53). Certainly the
last word has not been said about Ariel. MB.
W. T. LYNN may perhaps recall an interesting
correspondence which passed between Dr. A.
Neubauer and Prof. Sayce on this subject a few
years ago (Athenaum, 25 Sept. and 9 Oct., 1886).
As for Umbriel, I think it probable that Pope
derived the name of this "dusky, melancholy
sprite" from umbra, a shade, rather than from
hombre. I cannot find that it has any etymon in
Hebrew. W. F. PRIDEATJX.

Surely Pope coined this name from umbra,
shade or shadow. He as good as says so :
Umbriel, a dusky, melancholy sprite,
As ever sullied tne fair face of light,
Down to the Central Earth, his proper acenp.
Repaired to search the gloomy Cave of Spleen :
Swift on his sooty pinions flits the Gnome,
And in a vapour reached the dismal dome.

C. F. S. WARREN, M.A.
Longford, Coventry.

THE GRACE DARLING MONUMENT (8 th S. ix.
486 ; x. 53). The biography of Grace Darling,
a description of the wreck of the Forfarshire, her
illness, death, and burial, with her portrait and
that of her father, also a full-page illustration of
her tomb in Bamborough Churchyard, appear in
the Monthly Chronicle of North-Country Lore and
Legend, 1888, pp. 263-9. The same volume also
gives a ' Contemporary Account of the Wreck of
the Forfarshire,' from the Newcastle Chronicle of
15 Sept., 1838. EVERARD HOME COLEMAN.

71, Brecknock Road.

BOAK (8 th S. ix. 486 ; x. 56). A. H. is not justi-
fied in tracing any analogy or relationship between
Boakes and Vaux. Vuux has suffered some
singular changes. Latinized de Vallibus, it came
to be written Vaus in the fifteenth century, and
the common mistake of u for n produced the
ghost-names Vans and Vance, in which forms it
remains the former a surname, the latter a
Christian name in Scotland to this day.

HERBERT MAXWELL.

" IRPE " (8 th S. x. 50). There is nothing for
it but to guess. I distrust the reading in both
places, and think the printer may have assimilated
the forms by some mistake. In the first instance,
irpe looks like a mistake for yepe, i. e., active (yeap
in Stratmann) ; and in the second instance, irpes
looks like an error for iapes, i.e., japes, tricks.

Yepe may have been written iepe. I believe there
is evidence that initial i was used before a vowel
with the variable value of y and j. Compare yerk
withjerfc. WALTER W. SKEAT.

" TWILIGHT OF PLATE " (8 th S. ix. 109, 137,
175, 293). Since I sent my communication at
the third reference, I have accidentally met with
he following passage in the * Diary of John
Evelyn/ under date 9 June, 1662 : " The greate
looking-glasse and toilet of beaten and massivfr
gold was given by the Queene Mother."

F. C. BIRKBECK TERRY.

COCKADES (8* S. viii. 506 ; ix. 97, 192). Tha
following passage from * Waverley ' may prove an
illustration. The scene is the garden at Tally
Veolan, the speaker the Baron of Brad war dine, and
the date 1745 :

" And so ye have mounted the cockade ? Right, right ;.
though I could have wished the colour different, and so
I would ha' deemed might Sir Everard. But no more of
that : I am old and times are changed." Chap. x.

JOHN PICKFORD, M.A.
Newbourno Rectory, Woodbridge.

HERALDIC (8 th S. v. 127, 171, 393). Reference
was made to the Tau cross carved on the capitals
(which are all different) of the Tower of London
Norman Chapel. Eev. T. Hugo mentions that the
Tau cross was a symbol of St. Anthony. Is it,,
therefore, possible that this chapel was dedicated
to St. Anthony 1 In 1856 a pewter pilgrims' sign
was dug out of the river mud at Blackfriars. It is a
crucifix, but on a Tau cross, of thirteenth to
fifteenth century work. It bears the word " Sig-
num " on its cross arm. Might this Tau form
pilgrim sign have been worn by one who had
visited some relic in the Tau-adorned Tower
chapel 1 The Tau cross " was especially regarded
during the Middle Ages as being the sign put
on the foreheads of the faithful" (cf. Ezekiel
ix. 4). The Vulgate calls this mark "Signs
Thau." The inscription to Thomas Talbot, a
priest, in Southwell Minster, terminates, waiting
the resurrection, " Sub signo thau." Vide Archceo-
logia, 1860, xxxviii. 133. D. J.

POSITION OF FONT (8 th S. ix. 128, 190). Words-
worth's view of this subject, as given in a note to
his poem on c Rydal Chapel,' is worth quoting :
" The font, instead of standing at its proper place
at the entrance, is thrust into the farther end of a
pew." EDWARD H. MARSHALL, M.A.

Hastings.

"ENTIRE" (8 th S. ix. 265, 397, 518). Thougt
they will not throw any light on the origin of this
word, I think readers of *N. & Q. 1 will not object
to the following extracts, which have a jocular
bearing on the subject. They are from the second
volume of that very interesting work ' Fifty Years

"> 8. X. Aoo. 8, '96.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

119

of My Life,' by the sixth Earl of Albemarle
The writer is describing the start which ended in
Waterloo.

" Our Colonel, Lieut.-General Sir Harry Calvert, wa
brother to the celebrated brewer of the same name, am
as the Fourteenth was one of the few Regiments in th<
service with three Battalions, we obtained the additiona
nickname of ' Calvert's Entire.' " P. 9.

At p. 71 the earl wrote :

" The 14th Regiment, stripped of its third battalion
lost its nickname of ' Calvert's Entire,' or rather exchangee
it for that of another malt liquor, 'Calvert's all Butt'
(but)."

JAMES HOOPER.

Norwich.

Since writing my last note on this word I have
come across a reference which antedates the use ol
the word considerably :

Looks formidably great, no Monarch higher,
Than when blust'ring o'er Tom Man's Entire,
For so the Belch is call'd that sets his face on fire.
E. Ward, ' Vade Mecum for Malt Worms,' p. 12.

The date in the British Museum Catalogue is
given as 1715. Dr. Brewer has a curious slip
concerning the word. Under " Entire " he wrongly
Bays it is ale, "in contradistinction to cooper,
which is half ale and half porter"; but under
cooper " he correctly describes that beverage as

half stout and half porter.

ATEAHR.

"KATHE RIPE" (8 th S. ix. 426). In Sussex a
sort of small apple that comes into the market
very early is known as a " rathe-ripe." I do not
know whether the name occurs elsewhere, or, if so,
whether it is written in the same manner.

E. E. STREET.

Chicheeter.

Mr. Hardy, in 'The Return of the Native'
(ed. 1880, p. 283), refers to a kind of apple called
"ratheripe," written as one word.

JAMES HOOPER.

Norwich.

GREAT BEDS (8 th S. viii. 348, 473 ; ix. 137).
Together with the great bed at Scole, Norfolk, the
wonderful sign at the " White Hart Inn " seems to
have had a great attraction for travellers. In an
interesting paper, * An Old English Topographer, 1
in Chambers's Journal, 8 June, 1895, narrating
the experiences of Thomas Baskerville in 1678, in
his peregrinations in England, occurs the following
mention of the conspicuous sign at this inn :

"The inns at Northampton might be 'such gallant
and stately structures the like is scarcely to be seen ';
but for a sumptuous signpost the 'Scole Inn,' near
Edmondsbury, hore away the bell. It is thus described :
The signpost, having most of the effigies cut in full
proportion, ia contrived with these poetical fancies for
supporters to the post. On the further side of the way
there is Cerberus or a large dog with three heads on one
side ; and Charon with a boat rowing an old woman with
a letter in her hand, on the other aide. The other

figures are Saturn, with a child in his arms eating it up j
Diana, with a crescent moon on her head ; Actaeon, with
his hounds eating him, and the effigies of bis huntsmen.
Here also are cut in wood the effigies of Justice, Pru-
dence, Temperance, and Fortitude ; Neptune, the sea-
god, with his eceptre or trident ; and for a weathercock,
a man taking the altitude with a quadrant. Moreover,
this signpost is adorned with two figures of lions, two
of harts, the one painted on a board, the other cut in
wood in full proportion of it; ten escutcheons; two
figures of angels ; Bacchus, the god of wine ; and a
whale's head spewing up Jonas, with other figures and
flourishes.' "Vol. xii. 365.

JOHN PICKFORD, M.A.
Newbourne Rectory, Woodbridge.

Your correspondent ATEAUR might, and should,
have added to his note, so as to prevent any mis-
conception on the score of morality (?), that the
"twenty-six butchers and their wives" a very
tight fit it must have been, if my recollection of the
bed serves me rightly were so arranged (or so
arranged themselves) that each "purveyor of meat 1 '
had his own wife only next to him.

R. W. HACKWOOD.

LIEDT.-GENERAL WEBB (8 tb S, ix. 288). In
Kite's * Monumental Brasses ' the arms of Webb
(M.P. for Sarum 1559, and mayor 1561)are given r
Gules, a cross between four falcons or. These are
engraved in the ( Collections ' of Aubrey and Jack-
son as the arms of Richmond Webb ; and, with
those of St. John, as Richmond St. John. This
connexion may have been accountable for much in
the career of General John Richmond Webb.

The family was certainly a Wiltshire one, and
Webb possessed in that county the manor of
Biddesden, which was sold after his death. This
was not, however, "at Malplaquet in 1709," as
stated in the ' Collections. ' In a popular account
of Mynendael fight we meet the assertion that
Webb, together with two other officers, named Ross
and Stuart, was " laid aside " by George I. for no-
other crime than being a Scotsman. Rather, I
suspect, for his Tory predilections. Berwick
attaches great importance to this battle, and
draws up a strong indictment against De la
Motte. There will be no necessity to remind MR.
MACLENNAN of the curious tale told of Webb and
Argyll by Speaker Onslow.

GEORGE MARSHALL.
Liverpool.

THE STKAM CARRIAGE FOR COMMON ROADS
(8 th S. x. 24, 64). The period 1830-1840 was a
very active one in connexion with steam passenger
carriages for common roads ; during one part of it,.
;he end of 1833, as many as twenty carriages were
milt or being built in and around London alone.
Sir James Anderson was a very well-known
jrojector, who we associated for some time with
mother gentleman, W. H. James ; but he does
not appear to have met with so much success as
ither Gurney, Hancock, or Scott Russell, all of

120

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[8 th S. X. AUG. 8, '96.

whom actually ran their carriages for hire. The
origin of the steam carriage is, however, very much
earlier than this. I am inclined to fix the date
of the construction of Father Yerbiest's model at
1665, and in 1698 Papin also constructed a model.
In a bibliography of the subject which I have in
the press, * Power Locomotion on the Highway/
will be found a brief sketch of the history of the
subject. The quotation from Bishop Berkeley
given by MR. TINKLER is very interesting.
Where does it occur ? RHYS JENKINS.

" LINKUMDODDIE " (8 th S. x. 43). I have known
the spot with the above name all my life, and
bave often passed it on fishing excursions on the
Tweed. Tradition and the eong of Burns ate, so
far as I can find, alone responsible for the state-
ment that it was the site of Willie Wastle's
cottage. The song only informs us that Willie
4 welt on Tweed, gives the name of the spot, and,
after stating that Willie was a "wabster guid,"
proceeds to a minute description of his wife and
her habits a description that leads us to the con-
clusion that Willie's domestic comfort and happi-
ness could not have rendered him an object of

The parish records of Tweedsmuir might fur-
nish evidence if such a family resided there. Sir
Graham Montgomery, of Stanhope, some years
ago put up a memorial stone on the spot with the
two lines quoted by your correspondent engraved
on it. JAMES R. FERGUSSON.

Spitalhaugh.

'THE SECRET OF STOKE MANOR' (8 tb S. ix.
<>7 ; x. 32). I am not a publisher, only a mere
author. I have often thought that if fortune had
been so gracious as to raise me to the higher
dignity that I should have refused to treat with
any author for an unfinished work. I saw some-
where a few years ago a list of the works left
unfinished by eminent men and women of our own
time. It was painful to contemplate, not only
from the value of the literature which had never
come to perfection, but also for the pecuniary loss
which I cannot doubt must have fallen on the
publishers.

I have written a good many books in my time,
but, whether they have come into the world with
my name attached or have remained fatherless, I
have never offered anything to a publisher until it
was quite finished, and if necessary a fair copy
made thereof, such as was not calculated to inflict
injury on either the eyesight or the temper of the
"reader." AN AUTHOR.

PIN AND BOWL (8 th S. ix. 424 ; x. 34). Nine-
pins, bowls, and skittles are names for the same
game, and yet in Derbyshire this men's game on
a, bowling green or bowling alley was bowls or
ninepins, skittles being the toy ninepins with

which children play. The game was, however,
always skittles in the days when at fairs and
wakes the public could play it on skittle carts or
barrows affairs on two wheels, and kept at the
proper level by props under the handles. The
pins and bowls, or balls, for skittles are much
smaller than those on the bowling alleys. In
bowls or ninepins the balls are round or oval, and
the front corner pin and the middle pin much
stouter than the rest. The middle pin, being
higher than the rest, with a round head, was called
"the king." THOS. RATCLIFFE.

Workaop.

' THE GIAOUR ' (8 th S. ix. 386, 418, 491 ; x. 11).
The consonantal gabel in Hebrew is certainly a
full equivalent to the Arabic jebel, and that it
means hill or mount is proved by the Septuagint
version, where Gaibal is used to transliterate
Mount Ebal in Deut. xi. 29. It is also universally
admitted that the Giblites of Joshua xiii. 5 occu-
pied a mountainous country they were an unruly
set of miners. As to chaious, it is a form of the
Oriental cavasse, a sort of policeman. I do not
remember to have written about kafir, so the
question addressed to a " trained Orientalist " does
not apply to a mere amateur like myself.

A. HALL.

13, Paternoster Kow, E.G.

The last words of MR. EDGCDMBE'S reply are
most instructive. If Murray pronounced the g
hard we may well suppose that it was because
Byron did so. What reason have we to think
that he did otherwise 1 It is true that in Italian
g is soft before i, but Byron wrote in English, and
in English g is as hard before i in begin as it is
soft before i in gin. One can point to such an
Oriental word as jarra, imported into Italian in
the form giarro. But we have got this word in
English also, and write it jar, not giar. All that
Byron wanted of his word was that it should
rhyme with lower, boioer, hour, and power.

Dr. Clarke is rather puzzling. He writes the
word either djowr or djour, defining it as a term
used by the Turks to express a dog or an infidel,
and mentions how he was abused as a djour at
Acre and hailed as a djowr at Athens, and how
in a Turkish gazette of 8 November, 1801,
announcing the expulsion of the French from
Egypt, which had taken place some months before,
and which is attributed to the bravery of Hussein
Pasha, allusion is made to the English djowrs
as having acted friendly on the occasion. His
preference of djirit to djerid, to represent the word
that we now write jarld, on the ground that that
was the sound as it appears to him, not only shows
that he observed attentively, but, as this word
undoubtedly begins with Arabic jim, indicates that
he supposed his word djowr to begin similarly.
Yet in a catalogue of MSS. on sale he writes with

X.Aco. 8/96.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

121

a j such words beginning with jim as jafer, jaml
jehan, jemdll, and in no instance uses dj for the
purpose. Again, his Charem is not a very intel-
ligible rendering of Haram. On the whole, it
would seem rash to form a decided opinion of his
aystem of literation.

MR. EDQCUMBE will find that Dr. Clarke's
volumes began to be issued some years earlier than
he supposes, and that those on the East, beginning
in 1810, record travels beginning in 1801.

KlLLIGREW.

A BRASS INSCRIPTION IN FULHAM CHURCH
(8 th S. x. 50). Fulham Church once possessed
several brasses, all of which, with the solitary
exception of that to the memory of Margaret
Svanders, have now disappeared. With the
omission of two or three, it is not known to whom
they were erected. John Parker is mentioned on
the Svanders brass, and several members of the
family resided in Fulham, but I know of no
Augustus Parker who died in 1590* I much doubt
whether there was ever such a brass in Fulham
Church. Since the early years of this century
Falham Church has possessed only one brass. I
think I am acquainted with every list of monu-
ments, printed or in MS., in the church, and no-
where have I found any reference to one to an
Augustus Parker. Probably, as MR. BRAND
suggests, it has been misplaced by Mr. Haines.
CHAS. JAS. Fife RET.
49, Edith Road, West Kensington.

MONSEIGNEDR D'ANTERROCHES, BlSHOP OF

CONDOM (8 S. ix. 387). Alexandre Ce'sar
d'Anterroches, Count de Brisade, Bishop of Con-
dom, in the province of Bordeaux, was buried at
St. Pancras, Middlesex, 31 Jan., 1793 (Par. Reg.).
It may be added that an entry in the 'Laity's
Directory,' 1794, erroneously records that he died
28 Oct., 1792. The same information is contained
(vol. ii. p. 426) in Canon Plasse's ' Clerg6 Frangais
Re'fugie' en Angleterre,' 2 vols., Paris, 1886.

DANIEL HIPWELL.

HULKE : HOLSE (8" S. ix. 427). There are
several references (too long to send to ' N. & Q.')
to the Hulse family of Bethereden, Kent, in an
article about Bethersden Church, in * Archseologia
Cantiana,' xvi. 66-98, by the Kev. A. J. Pearman,
the Precinct, Rochester. ARTHUR HUSSET.

Wingham, Kent.

SOUTHWELL MSS. (8 th S. ix. 488; x. 54).
A considerable portion of Sir Thomas Phillipps's
library has been recently acquired by the Cardiff
Free Library 'or 3,6667. ; but whether it contains
any of the Southwell MSS. or not I have not yet
had an opportunity of ascertaining. D. M. R.

LEAP YEAR (8 S. ix. 448). It is rather
strange to find your correspondent asking for an
earlier date for this expression than 1704, when

there is the following rhyme in A. Hopton'a ' A
Concordancy of Yeares,' 1615, p. 60 :
Thirtie dayes hath September,
Aprill, June, and November,
The rest have thirtie and one,
Saue February alone.

Which moneth hath but eight and twenty meere,
Saue when it is bissextile or leap yeare.

Cf. Mr. G. F. Northall's ' English Folk-Rhymes,'
p. 530. Minsheu's 'Ductor in Linguas,' 1617,
has :

" Leape yeare. B. Loop-iare, g. annus transiliens,
viz., vltra terminos aliorum, nam bissextili dies additor.
T. Schalt-iar, q. annus propulsus."

There is, however, a much earlier use of the
term. In Sir John Maundevile's * Voiage and
Travaile,' ed. 1866, p. 77, there is the passage :-

"But Gayug, that waa Emperour of Rome, putten
theise 2 Monethes there to, Jany ver and Feverer ; and
ordeyned the Zeer of 12 Monethes; that is to seye, 365
Dayes, with oute Lepe Zeer, aftre the propre cours of
the Sonne."

F. C. BIRKBECK TERRY.

It is in Minsheu, 1617, with comparison of the
Belgic loop-tare, also in Cole, 1685. Minsheu
explains it as: "Annus transiliens, viz., ultra
terminos aliorum, nam bissextili dies additur."
Wedgwood compares the Old Norse hlaup-ar.

ED. MARSHALL.

GROWING STONES (8 th S. viii. 365, 431, 497).
The opinion that certain stones grow, or at least
that they repair their artificial losses, is very old.
Archdeacon Hakewill inclines to think that all
minerals receive increase by process of time, " they
being somewhat of the nature of stones, which
undoubtedly grow, though not by augmentation
or accretion, yet by assimulation [sic] or apposition,
turning the neighbour earth into their substance."
He says further :

" To conclude this point, there being BO great an affinitie
betwixt the generation of stones and mettalle, if it shall
appeare that in Quarries, after the digging up of stones,
they are againe filled in a naturall course with stufife of
the same kinde; mee thinkes little doubt should be left,
but that the same may also be done "

in the case of metals ; quoting Pliny, lib. xxxvi.
c. 15, as to marble, and later authors as to quarries
in France and .Spain. See Hake will's * Apologie,'
1635, pp. 163, 166. RICHARD H. THORNTON.
Portland, Oregon.

The stones spoken of in the rocks overhanging
the rivulet in the parish of Rerrick remind me of
some that I have seen in the neighbourhood of
Vesuvius. These were like crystals, though not
transparent, but faceted on the surface, and the
size of a large pea, and they were scattered about,
ike currants in a cake, in a red, friable rock of
igneous formation. The only place I think I saw
hem at was Vallo di Pompeii, in a rock between
t and the artificial branch of the Sarno at Pompeii.
A French geologist a M. de Cessac who visited

122

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[8S.X.Auo.8, t 9fiL

Pompeii (1875 about), inquired for the spot under
the name of Rocca del Sarno, and it was he who
first caused me to observe them. They may,
perhaps, be common enough and well known to
geologists, but these certainly did not grow.

JAY.

We have in Stanford-on-Teme, Worcestershire,
the remains of an old hermitage formed in a
travertine rock ; it is said that this mass has been
produced by deposits from a local stream highly
charged with calcareous matter, thus affording to
successive generations of villagers the process of a
stone growing under their very eyes.

A. HALL.

The following is an extract from ' County Folk-
lore ' (Leicestershire and Rutland), issued by the
Folk-lore Society :

"Mothers-Stone or Mothering- Stone, i. e., conglomerate;
pudding-stone'; ' breeding-stone ' (Herts). The belief
that stones grow in size by degrees is almost universal,
and the email pebbles found in conglomerates are gener-
ally recognised as ova, which under favourable auspices
will ultimately be developed into boulders. Evan?,
p. 196. (I have found it all but impossible to eradicate
this belief from one Leicester boy's mind. Ed.)"

CELER ET AUDAX.

Mr. W. Arthur Cornaby, in his 'A String of
Chinese Peach-Stones/ 1895, writes (p. 130), "The
Chinese think of their hills as ulive," and this foot-
note follows :

A notion by no means confined to China. An English
farmer who had made some money and had bought an
old country residence, once affirmed that all stones grew,
except those killed by the chisel his marble mantel-
piece, for instance."

WILLIAM GEORGE BLACK.

Glasgow.

See 8* S. vii. 269, 334, . v. "Grotto of Anti-
paros," where Tournefort's theory of the vegetation
of stones is referred to. ROBERT PIERPOINT.

ST. UNCUMBER (8 th S. x. 24, 78). The follow-
ing extract from the works of the "blessed"
Thomas More, in addition to much pleasant
information about other saints, gives all that is
necessary to be known about St. Wilgeforte or
Uncumber, and her fee of a "peck o' wheats," as
they say in Lincolnshire. Those readers who
desire to learn about saints more peculiar and
" facetious " even than Uncumber had better con-
sult Sir T. More.

' What say we then quoth he of the harme that goeth
by goinge of pylgrimages, royling aboute in ydlenes, with
the riot, reueling, and rybawdry, glotony, wantonnes,
wast and lecheri ? Trowe ye that god and his holy saites
had not leuer thei syt styl at home, then thus to come
eeke them, with such worsbipfull seruice ? Yes surely
quod I. What ay we then quod he to y l I spake not of
yet, in which we doo theim littell worship while we set
euery taint to bys office and assigne him a craft suche as
pleaseth vs 1 Sainte Loy we make an horseleche, & must
let our horse rather reune vnshod & marre his hoofe, tha

;o shooe him on his daye, which we must for y l point
nore religiously kepe hygh & holy then Ester day. And
)ecause one smith is to fewe at a forge, we set eaynt
Ipolitus to helpe hym. And on saint Stephes day w*
must let al our horses bloud with a knife, because saynt
Stephen was killed with stones. Sainct Apoline we make
t toth drawer, & may speke to her of nothing but of sore
etb. Saint Sythe women set to seke theyr keyes. Saint
lloke we sette to se to the great sykenes, bycause he had
i sore. And with hym they ioine saint Sebastian,
bycauee he was martired w* arowes. Some serue for the
eye onely. And some for a sore brest. Saint Germayne
onely for chyldren. And yet wyll he not ones loke at
the, but if the mother bring with the a white lofe and a
pot of good ale. And yet is he wiser then sainct wil-
gefort, for she good soule is as thei saye serued and con-
tent with otes. Wherof I ca not perceiue the reason,
but if it be bicause she should prouide an horse for an
euyl housbonde to ryde to the deuyll vpon, for that is tha
thynge that she is so sought for as they saie. In so much
that women bathe therefore chaunged her name, and in
stede of saint Wilgeforte call her saynt Uncumber,
bicause they reken that for a pecke of Otes she wil not
faile to vncomber them of their housbondes. Longe worke
were it to reherse you the diuers maner of manye prety,
pylgrimages, but one or two wil I tell you. The one
Pontanus spekyth of in his dialoges, how saint Martin is
worshipped. I haue forgot the towne, but the maner I
can not forget it is so straunge. Hys image is on hys daye
borne in processio about al y* stretes. And if it be a
fayre day the vse they as he cometh by, to cast roso
water & al thinges of pleasant sauour vpo his ymage.
But and it happen to raine, out poure they pispottes
vppn his hed, at euery dore & euery window. Is not
this a swete seruice & a worshipfull worship." More'a
' Works,' 1577, pp. 194-5.

B. K.
Boston, Lincolnshire.

CLOCK (8 th S. x. 28). I think the Dutch words
are not a motto, but a direction. There is pro-
bably a movable hand pointing to them. They
would now be written "Slaat," " Niet slaat," i.e.,
"Strikes," "Strikes not," used according as one
wishes the clock to speak or be silent. It might
be German ; but not so likely, because of the
modified vowel. The German would read
" Scblagt," ' ' Schlagt nicht." ALDENHAM.

St. Dunstan's.

NEW ENGLAND AND THE WINTHROPS (8 th S.
x. 23). Englishmen may be amused at the indig-
nation with which MASSACHUSETTS repudiates, on
behalf of a certain American statesman, the title
of " politician." I dare say that Mr. Gladstone^
to whom he makes reference, would nob feel it a
grave insult to be so described, whatever he might
have to say about being called a " Welsh politician."
But here, as in many other cases where the Ame-
rican use seems strange to u a , it may, after all,.
point back to an older English usage. In the
sixteenth and seventeenth centuries " policy " com-
monly meant trickery ; and Shakspeare, in his use
of the word "politician," seems once or twice, at
least to mean little else but knave pure and
simple. Thus Hamlet says, " This might be the
pate of a politician, which this ass o'er-reaches ;

8> S. X. Ato. 8, '960

NOTES AND QUERIES.

123

one that could circumvent God, might it not?
and in 'Twelfth Night' Fabyan tells Sir Andrew
be must make some laudable attempt, either o
valour or policy ; to which Sir Andrew replies
11 It must be with valour, for policy I hate : I had
as lief be a Brown let as a politician." Appa
rently there is no reference in either case to wha
we call " politics." The American use, therefore
in which "politician" means an unscrupulous
political adventurer, may be nothing more than a
snecial application of the older more general sense

C. B. MOUNT.

THE LABEL (8 th S. ix. 308, 477). Suppose
Mr. Blank bears Gules, a lion rampant or, his son
and heir bears the eame coat, but during his
father's life differences it with a label. Now, since
the label argent, according to Burke's ' Armory,
is reserved exclusively for princes of the blood
royal, and since, as asserted, colour must never lie
upon colour, nor metal on metal, this simple gentle-
man can correctly use for his label Jbut two things,
viz., a fur or a metal, and that metal must be gold.
Such is one of the inferences I draw from MR.
RADCLIFFK'S courteous reply. But where is there
an instance of a label or ? and labels ermine are
not common, I think.

After all, I fancy the rule (if rule it really is)
restricting the use of the label argent to royalty
is but a novelty an unwarrantable attempt to
deprive gentlemen of their ancient, prescriptive
right to the use of that label.

As for the rule that metal should not lie on
metal, or colour on colour, it pertains only to the
component parts of a coat of arms borne upon
the shield, viz., its field and the charges therein.
Hence, when a label is a charge, it must conform
to that rule ; but when it is not a charge of the
coat, but a mere transient external mark of cadency,
then it is not within the rule, and it may lie a
colour upon colour, or a metal upon metal ; so, at
least, say some.

But what is the present actual practice of the

I College of Arms regarding the colour matter and

! the label allowed to eldest sons of gentlemen,

having regard to the kind of field it must rest

upon ? Y.

MERCHANTS' MARKS (8 th S. ix. 147, 409, 454).
-In an old house in the village of Cleadon, co.
Durham, formerly the residence of the Chambers
family, the Chambers arms and a merchant's mark
both occur above one of the fireplaces. R. B.

These are treated upon in the Notts and Derby-
shire Notes and Queries, vol. ii., 1894.

J. P. B.

MEETING-HOUSE (8* S. viii. 368 ; ix. 118).
A common compound word, prevalent throughout
New England, especially in rural districts, where
it is used to designate any church building irre-

spective of denomination. Sewall use* it in his
' Diary,M 674-1729. The fact of the " Puritan"
Pepys (as he is called) employing it would imply its
use in England long before 1628, the date of the
beginning of the English Puritan exodus to the
shores of Massachusetts. J. GEE.

Boston, Mass.

PLAGUE STONES (8 th S. x. 52). Such an ex-
pedient was adopted by the hero -priest Giles
Mompesson, when he fought the plague at Eyam.
See, among other references, Miss Yonge's ( Book
of Golden Deeds.'

EDWARD H. MARSHALL, M.A.

Hastings.

' N. & Q.,' 1 st S. v., vi., contains eleven articles
on this subject. Descriptions are given of the
condition of the so-named stones in ten or more
counties in all parts of England.

EVERARD HOME COLBMAN.
71, Brecknock Road.

Substitute Stretford (Manchester) for Graying-
ham, and all that Miss PEACOCK writes of the
stone at Grayingham will stand for that at Stret-
ford. Several hypotheses have been advanced ; the
one most generally accepted is that it is a " plague"
stone. RICHARD LAWSON.

UrmBtori.

FORCE OP DIMINUTIVES IN SILVER LATINITT
[8 ltl S. ix. 487). I do not think that any rule can
be laid down as to such forms of words either
diminishing or intensifying. Such words seem to
me used almost entirely for the purposes of metrical
scansion. I would quote in support, also from
Juvenal,

Oraeculus esuriena, in caelum jueseris, ibit.

E. WALFORD.
Ventnor.

Without entering on the general question raised
>y PERTINAX in his interesting note, I venture to
,ake exception to his suggestion that the word
candiduli, in the passage of Juvenal referred to,
ihould, "if the diminishing force still cleaves to
he adjective," be translated " whitish, fairly white,"
nstead of " white little " pig, as usually rendered.
Surely the common rendering is correct? The
ransference of the diminutive from the substantive
o the qualifying adjective is an elegance truly
laseical ; witness (to take a single example out of
many) Cicero's phrase, in one of his Tusculan dis-
utations, " candiduli denies [little white teeth],
enusti oculi, color suavis." To translate candiduli
here by " whitish" or "fairly white" would con-
ey the very reverse of the author's meaning.

Apropos, it may be of interest to note that Pope

eo XIII., in one of the most exquisite of his

ustly admired Latin poems, applies to himself the

pithet "languiduluB senex." Here, I imagine,

he diminutive adjective is intended to convey an

124

NOTES AND QUERIES.

. X.Auo. 8, '96.

idea of disparagement, or perhaps of self-pity,
equivalent to the English " poor weary old man."
The Latinity of the venerable Pontiff is, however,
of perfectly Augustan purity, and has little in
common with the versification of the silver age of
Koinan poetry.

OSWALD HUNTER BLAIR, O.S.B.
Olinda, Brazil.

GOLEM AN (8 th S. ix. 508), should, of course, be
spelt Colman. The quotation is from the ' Poor
Gentleman' (II. iii.), by George Colman the
younger. It is put into the mouth of that most
delightful of his creations, Ollapod, the sporting
apothecary. Between the jerky, abrupt style of
this individual and the breathless, short-snapped
utterances of the immortal Mr. Jingle there is not
a very wide difference ; and the resemblance is
strengthened, to my mind, by this very quotation.
No Pickwickian will need reminding of the scene
at the " Bull," Rochester, when Tracy Tupman
expresses "an earnest wish to be present" at the
ball:

" ' Many fine women in this town, do you know, sir ? '
inquired Mr. Tupman, with great interest.

" ' Splendid capital. Kent, sir. Everybody knows
Kent apples, cherries, hops, and women. Glass of
wine, sir?'

" ' With great pleasure,' replied Mr. Tupman.

"The stranger filled and emptied.

" ' I should very much like to go,' said Mr. Tupman."

And so on ; till the " additional stimulus of the
last glass settled his determination."

Jingle, we are told, was present to " assist " at
some regimental theatricals, in other words, to
play the most exacting part at the lowest figure.
As the Poor Gentleman himself was a soldier, and
as a distinctly military flavour seasons the whole
play, Dickens most probably had Colman's work
in his mind ; and the turn which Jingle gives to
one of his stage-tags, " cherries, hops, and women,"
is delightful, and quite in keeping with his cha-
racter. That wonderful book the 'History of
Pickwick,' by Mr. Percy Fitzgerald, which, in
spite of the claim put in by the Athenceum for the
earlier edition of Wordsworth by Prof. Knight, I
believe to be the most inaccurate book ever com-
piled, does not notice this ; nor have I ever seen
it before, so far as I can remember. Any reader
placing the two characters side by side, however,
can scarcely fail to see the prototype of Jingle in
Oolman's Ollapod. The ' Poor Gentleman,' I may
add, was produced at the Theatre Royal, Covent
Garden, in February, 1801.

GEORGE MARSHALL.

Sefton Park, Liverpool.

The sentence quoted is by George Colman the
younger ; it occurs in the ' Poor Gentleman/ IV. i.,
and is addressed by Ollapod to Miss Lucretia Mac
Tab. WM. DOUGLAS.

1, Brixton Road.

"BILLINGSGATE " (8* 11 S. x. 51). Whatever the
cause may be, dealers in fish, and especially fish-
wives, have long held an unenviable pre-eminence
as notorious and ranting scolds. William Dunbar,
who died at the beginning of the sixteenth century,
gives them a place in his ' Devil's Inquest,' which
is sometimes designated by its first line, " This
nycht in my Sleip I wes agast." The poet had
good reason for his astonishment, inasmuch as it
fell to him to witness terrible things in his
slumbers. He saw the devil passing " throw the
mereat," and heard his dire communings with
various classes of mankind, from the priest down-
wards. The fishwives in a body commended
themselves in this wise to Satan :

The fische wyffis flett and swoir with granig,
And to the Feind, saule, flesch and banie,
Thay gaif thame, with ane schowt on hie ;
The Deuill said, " Welcum all attanis,
Renunce thy God and cum to me."

THOMAS BATNB.
Helensburgh, N.B.

"BEDSTAVES" (8 tb S. ix. 304; x. 80). MR.
F. C. BIRKBECK TERRY'S quotation from John
Taylor's * Pennyless Pilgrimage ' is valuable. Cer-
tainly after this Dr. Johnson's explanation of
" bedstaves " cannot be ruled out of court. But
MR. TERRY'S note seems to tacitly assume this as
the only explanation of the word. My reference
to the print from Abraham Bosse is clear proof of
the stick being used to beat up the bed in making
it. The natural inference is that there was more
than one kind of bedstaff. Since I wrote in
*N. & Q.' on this subject, I have come across
another explanation in the glossary appended to
Dr. Brinsley Nicholson's edition of Scot's 'Dis-
coverie of Witchcraft':

"The Johnson - Nares explanation is, I believe,
wrong. With Miss Emma Phipaon, I rather take it to
be a staff to summon attendance, a substitute for the
modern bell, still used by invalids and others. Cf.
' Ev. M. in his Humour,' I. iv."

Can any reader of ' N. & Q.' say where confirmation
is to be found of this view? It derives no support
from the passage to which Dr. Nicholson refers.

PERCY SIMPSON.

DOG STORIES (8 th S. ix. 484 ; x. 61). The
most intelligent dog I know "resides " at Haxey,
in the Isle of Axholme, and is named Staffa.
Some years since, when his owner was appointed
sub-postmaster of the village, Staffa learned to dis-
tinguish the telegraph call signal of the office in
less than three weeks. I was present in the office
one day, and was asking the telegraph clerk how
she got on with her work, when the needle began
to sound. Almost immediately Staffa came trotting
in with the messenger's hat in his mouth. " Why,"
said the girl, " that must be our call "; and so it
was. The dog had known it before the clerk. To
appreciate this fact it should be known that the

8"S.X.Aco.8,'96.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

126

call signals of two or three of the offices on the the most, but a venial fault, especially when it is

, J A! A. 1 1 j 1 j * j 1 1 j * 1- 1

circuit are so much alike in sound that even
practised ear may be in doubt as to which is
which. Staffa, however, I was assured, never
made a mistake. At the time I speak of the office
had been open about three weeks. C, C. B.

Stories of canine sagacity are indeed innumer
able, but all seem to me comparatively poor in
contrast with the marvellous story narrated in the
'Pickwick Papers/ Mr. Jingle's dog Ponto is
said to have read on the notice-board at the entrance
to a plantation, '* The gamekeeper has orders to
shoot all dogs found in this enclosure." An etch-
ing by Seymour represents Ponto looking hard at
the notice, in a most suspicions manner, bending
his forefoot and making a point at it. If I mis-
take not, a note in the first edition mentions Mr.
Edward Jesse's ' Anecdotes ' as narrating stories
quite as remarkable. JOHN PICKFORD, M.A.
Newbourne Rectory, Woodbridge.

LOCAL WORKS ON BRASSES (8 th S. ix. 188 ; x.
30). There is a good 'List of the existing Sepul-
chral Brasses in Lincolnshire,' by the Eev. G. E.
Jeans, in that admirably edited periodical Lin-
colnshire Notes and Queries, vols. i.-iii.

C. W. S.

ARMS OF JOHN SHAKSPEARE (8 lb S. viii. 448).
With reference to the above grant MR. CHEN-
DISLET asks whether it is not

" contrary to two usually accepted laws of armory, first,
that only kuighta bannerets can display their arms on
flags, guydons, or pennons ; and, secondly, that only
badges, and not crests or arms, can rightly be displayed
on servants' liveries."

considered that in the selection of livery colours
a distinct reference is made to the family arms by
following their principal tinctures.

J. S. UDAL,
Fiji.

*ToM BROWN'S SCHOOLDAYS': COACHING SONG
(8 th S. vii. 8 ; ix. 515 ; x. 80). Will F. D. H.
kindly send me the remaining four verses of this
or, better still, send them to * N. & Q.' as
the other verses have been quoted there ? Will
he also please point out the errors he alludes to in
the version quoted in my note?

JONATHAN BOUCHIER.
Ropley, Alresford, Hants.

AEROLITES (8 tb S. x. 50). ASTARTE may be
referred to the well-known answer of Lavoisier, in
the name of the French Academy of Sciences, to
the evidence of the fall of aerolites : " II n'existe
pas de pierres dans le ciel ; il ne sanrait, par con-
se'quent, en tomber sur la terre." The only citation
of it I have at hand is taken from a French author of
scientific attainments, M. Adolphe d' Assier, in the
introduction to his essay ' Sur 1'Humanite Post-
hume,' published in 1883. He prefaces it by
saying :

" Chaque fois que les journaux armoncent une chute
de meteorite?, je ne puis m'empecher de me rappeler le
dedain superbe avec lequel les eavants accueillaient autre-
fois touto communication de ce genre, et les delegations
obstinees qu'ils opposaient aux affirmations les plus
pre"cises."

M. d'Assier adds :

" II etait permis de supposer que de telles legons ne
seraient pas perdues, et que les personnes se diaant
eerieuses ee montreraient a 1'avenir plua circonspectes

With regard to the first question I would like

to remark that it does not follow, because the grant I dans leurs delegations systematiques. lln'enfutrien

may confer upon the grantee and his heirs the Pendant trente ans j'ai ri de la r^ponse de Lavoisier, sans

oiro tuts m ' a pp ercev0 i r que j'mvoquai le memo argument dans
tight to bear the achievement upon their " shields implication de certains phenomenes non moins extra-

...pennons, guydons liveries, &c., that the | ordinaires que les pluies de pierres ou de crapauds.

But to quote further would be to attribute to the
question of ASTARTE a wider and more contem-
porary significance than is explicit in it.

C. C. M.
" DISPLENISH " (8 th S. x. 28). This word, in

grantees may place it upon " pennons " or " guy-

dons," unless they hold a position entitling them
to do so that is, are of knightly rank.

But is not MR. CHENDISLET inaccurate when he
states that only knights bannerets can display
their arms on pennons ? Surely the ordinary or , .

simple knight had a right to bear his badge or ^ he . n 8eD8e of fco de P rive o furnlture > 18 U3ed b 7
armorial insignia on his pennon. The banner l ''

was reserved for the achievement of the knight " We re "Tr dl8 P" eni8he ^ a ? d (f, fi
banneret. This latter was a square-shaped ensiL, tbat We had Deed f much mor %, - Lett L 1166 -
and on the elevation of a simple knight to the
rank of knight banneret on the field of battle was

We were so sore displenished, and so far out of use.
e." Lett. 1166.
CHAS. JAS. F&RET.
49, Edith Road, West Kensington, W.

often formed by cutting off the points of his pennon, MALTA (8 tb S. viii. 247, 310). There are no-

which then became converted into a banner.

biographies of Vincenzo Barbara, only in the

With regard to MR. CHENDISLEY'S second state- works by the Rev. Canon Panzavecchia and Dr.

ment, in my inability to consult any standard heraldic Gio. Ant. Vassallo. Barbara is stated to have

authority at the present time I should not like to been tried, during the rule of Or. M. de Rohan,

er any positive opinion. But, inasmuch as by a commission, composed of four bailiffs and

adges are much more scarce than crests or three Maltese lawyers, on a charge of disloyalty,

arms, the prevailing custom would Beem to be, at for which he was banished from the island. Vas-

126

NOTES AND QUERIES.

X. AUG. 8, '96.

sallo, moreover, adds that Barbara did his utmost
to dissuade Murat from embarking on his hazardous
enterprise to regain the kingdom of Naples. Not-
withstanding the many inquiries made, no infor-
mation could be obtained of Barbara's return to
Malta or of his having rendered himself con-
spicuous to the people of this island for his wealth.

F. VASSALLO.
Malta, Valletta.

FLORENCE AS A MALE CHRISTIAN NAME (8 th S.
ix. 125,435,455; x. 58). I know two Irish Catholic
clergymen, one of whom has as Christian name
Florence, and the other Hyacinth. In James
Grant's historical romance * Mary of Lorraine,'
the hero, a Scotsman, bears the name of Florence
Fawside, with, as arms, Gules, a fesse between
three bezants. But how far this is history or
romance I cannot say. GEORGE ANGUS.

St. Andrews, N.B.

I have known Florentius used as a male Christian
name. Denis Florence MacCarthy was, on the
authority of Allibone's ' Dictionary,' a writer of
some eminence. The Christian name of Lady
Sale, the wife of the gallant general Sir Robert
Sale, who fell at Moodkee in 1845, was Florentia.
JOHN PICKFORD, M.A.

Newbourne Rectory, Woodbridge.

Florance occurs as a male name in Lord Boston's
family (Irby). A. F. G. L. G.

" To SLOP " (8 th S. x. 26). To " slop " certainly
may sound rather extraordinary to the unaccus
tomed ear, but it really ia perfectly regular. To
*' dust "the room is to remove the "dust" from
off the furniture and other effects ; to " weed " the
garden is to eradicate adventitious natural growths
to " stone " fruit always a great business for the
pudding at Christmas time is to extract the
' stones" or "pips"; to "suddle" clothes is to
rinse out the " suds " after washing with soap ; a
field (agricultural) is both "weeded "and "stoned"
whilst to go " hopping " is to go u a hop-picking."
THOMAS J. JEAKES.

4, Bloomebury Place, Brighton.

UNIVERSITIES OF THE UNITED STATES (8 th S. ix
468 ; x. 18, 60). The Report of the Commissioners
of Education for 1892-93, Washington, D.C., 1 vol
Svo., cloth, 21,533 pp., has a list of United State
universities, which is supposed to be complete anc
official. A non-official publication is :

"American College and Public School Directory
C. H. Evans & Co., Managers of American Teachers
Bureau, St. Louis, Mo., 1896, 1 vol. 8vo. cloth, 344 pp.'

Any English-speaking person or British library
an obtain, I think, United States Governmen
documents gratis, provided they are not out o
print, by a formal application addressed
" Government Printing Office, Washington, Dist
of Col, U.S.A." The Washington second-han

ook dealers W. H. Lowdermilk & Co. make a
pecialty of supplying Government publications.

AVE.

A " PONT OF BEEF " (8 th S. x. 47). MR. BIRD
rovides us with an instance of an extension of the
meaning of the word " pony." It recalls to mind
nother I heard some time ago, in a different con-
exion, but none the less interesting, perhaps,
'his is a "pony of bitter." According to my
iformant, ib is the custom in some hostelries to
eal out to their patrons small glasses of liquor called
' ponies." These glasses are, I understand, about
alf the size of an ordinary half-pint glass. Hence
re have the phrase a " pony of bitter." It seems
irobable the origin is due to the dirninutiveness of
he glass ; but I speak with no certain knowledge.

C. P. HALE.

The expression " a pony of beer " is often used
n South Wales for a small glass containing about
he fourth of a pint. D. M. R.

WEDDING CEREMONY (8 tk S. ix. 406, 475 ; x.
>9, 98). The usage by which the priest, joining
,he hands of the man and woman after their con-
sent to the marriage, with such words as " Et ego
vos conjungo," &c., laid the ends of his stole upon
.he hands so joined is ancient, but was not
universally followed. It is ordered in some early
[toman Sacerdotalia, but disappeared from the
Roman Rituale at, or before, the revision of Paul V.
[t was, however, retained in the local books of many
continental dioceses. At Lie*ge the hands were
bound together with the ends of the stole, and the
practice was very possibly the same elsewhere,
though I cannot at this moment give another
instance of this particular detail. But it would
seem that the usage was not followed in England.
I am not aware of any trace of it in any ancient
English service-book. Indeed the ceremony witl
which it is connected is absent from most Eoglu
books, probably because in the English forms
the service the joining of hands took place at tl
time when the man and woman gave their
to one another. The later joining of their hands
by the priest, after the delivery of the ring, was
introduced into England in 1549. It is a ceremony
analogous to, but distinct from, that with which
the action with the stole is sometimes conjoined.
Hence it would appear that the use of that action
in the marriage service of the Church of England
is of the nature of innovation, rather than of
restoration, and that the innovation is founded on
a mistake. H. A. W.

EPISCOPAL CHAPELS IN LONDON (8 th S. x. 5).
A list of these chapels, much too long for in-
sertion in ' N. & Q.,' will be found on pp. 613-15
of Henry Chamberlain's ' History and Survey of
the Cities of London and Westminster,' &c. (1770).

JOHN T. PAGE.

. X. AUG. 8, '96.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

127

already extending to five hundred pages each, and deter-
mined to postpone their employment ui.til he can issue a
separate work, in which he aims at doing for the law and
practice of arms in general what was ably done for
Scotland " in the well-known work of Mr. Seton." We
make no attempt to deal afresh with the general con-
tents of a book in praise of which we have already been
outspoken. We despair of conveying to our readers an
idea of the extent of the service rendered in rooting out
errors perfunctorily repeated in successive publications,
each as ignorant as the preceding. Nothing, indeed,
eeems more hopeless to the worker in any line than to

inks to his official pomion i>r. B "f '" I find out bow some mistake or falsehood once promulgated
matters connected with Scotland an authority, and 1 b s . ftted unti , itjjeem8 to 8tand M firm ^ Ro] Writ
name appears with that of Dr. Woodward i what is Dr Woodwitrd we r t ig one of tbe 8OUDd est and
practically the first edition of the preeent work .In bble8t of berald and in Ug latep gb hia new bigt
respect of breadth and diversity of knowledge D wm commend itgelf to all Crested in the study. We
ward was far the more potent spirit as has be< i ^d to see that tbe double glossary of English and

by his subsequent labours, and notably by his important ^JJJ ^^ of w which f orme / a ^gj feature
authoritative work on ecclesif itical bei dry. of the ori inal ig reta ined. Now that his magnum opus
and enlarged edition L of Heraldry, . Q the ^^.^ gh fae wigbeB . fc ^ aggume Df w< jj
icrn. the share of Dr. Burnett has dis- . . ... . , . ^^*.;K.. f.,u^. t.~

Sj&isttUwtous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, &o.
Heraldry, British and Foreign. By John Woodward,

LL D. 2 vols. (W. & A. K. Johnston.)
FOUR and a half years have elapsed since we drew
attention (7* 8. xii. 519) to the appearance of
a 'Treatise on Heraldry, British and Foreign,' corn-
piled by the Rev. (now Dr.) John Woodward,
in part from collections left at his disposition
by Dr. George Burnett, late Lyon King of Amns.
Thanks to his official position, Dr. Burnett was in

and

From the new
British and Foreign,' the share
appeared, and the entire work is by Dr. Woodward The
additions amount to about a third of the work. What is
of equal value, a great part has been rewritten, and has
gained in accuracy as well as in lucidity. From the out-
set the signs of the influence of revision are apparent.
Further authorities are quoted, and the disputable deriva

ward will, we trust, see his way to contribute further to
the columns of ' N. & Q.,' which have not seldom bene-
fited by his communications.

Journal of the Ex-Libris Society.
THE August number of this gives the musical book-plate
of Job. Frid von Uffenbach. It is a large-sized plate,

IT UriDCr ftVUUUrillCD ol O UUUtc*', uvt *uv vop* i vt /vii. WftJHi vu wv*MMrB J.v 10 c* At*A|^-o.Avvi picW|

tion of the mediaeval herald from Heer, a host, and Held, presenting a harpsichord, violin, and other musical
a champion, though mentioned, has no longer an implied instruments. The list of Englishwomen's armorial book-
sanction: Very many similar improvements reveal them- | plates is continued, as is the catalogue of the fifth Annual
selves on the most cursory glance. Special chapters are

added in the second volume on orders of knighthood and
other subjects of interest and importance. Of British
orders of knighthood a detailed account is given, and short
but adequate information is supplied concerning the prin-
cipal foreign orders. National arms, mottoes, liveries,
badges, &c., receive amplified treatment. On the rela-
tion that should exist between the tinctures of the arms
and the colours used in liveries, Dr. Woodward refers to
the conclusions established in ' N. & Q.' The growth of
the black cockade from the broad strings by which the
flaps of the seventeenth century round hat were
"cocked" is shown, and the wild views that prevail as
to the right to wear it are derided. The Scotch song
of ' Sberramuir ' alludes to the English soldiers as " the
redcoat lads with black cockades." Small marvel that
their Scotch antagonists took the opposite colour and
wore "a knot of white ribbons." Under the head
" Mottoes" are some curious and unfamiliar instances of

Exhibition of the Society.

THE first number has reached us of Balmoral, a
monthly review of art, literature, &c. A special feature
in its illustrations consists in the printing in coloured
inks, which is well done.

IN the Fortnightly Review the praise of Sir John
Seeley is sung by Mr. Herbert A. L. Fisher, who doubts
whether any English historian has cast into a portable
form so many valuable historical truths. What is n eant
by a portable form is indicated in the following quota-
tion Irom a review by Seeley : " We remember all th
subtle suggestions of Tocqueville on the causes of the
fall of the Frei.ch monarchy. ' Well, 1 Napoleon said,

do you know the cause of the fall of the Bourbons 1 It
was the battle < f Rosabach.' How much more con-
crete! " Mr. Alfred R. Wallace writes on ' The Gorge
of the Aar and its Teachings,' and deals with the vast
amount of glacial erosion that it exhibits. Mr. R. E. S.

punning mottoes and of canting heraldry. Le Maistre Hart has much to say on ( Zola's Philosophy of Life,'
thus bears Azure, three marigolds or, and the happy | and on his theory of " Heredity and Circumstance,"

?, again,

motto "Aux maitres les soucis." Le Gendre, again, otherwise "Environment," "with capital letters," who
bears Azure, a fess between three girls' busta argent, have been described as the " Lords of Life." Mr. H. W.
crowned or, and the device " Qui a [sic] des filles aura I Wilson's ' Human Animal in Battle ' gives a very stirring
del gendres." Valetta has " Plus quam valor Yaletta I account of the sufferings undergone by the combatants,
valet." O'Kourke (of France) has " Prou de pis, peu j their conditions and other matters, which in fancy
do pairs, point de plus," a curious instance of allitera-
tion as well as of assertion. The ordinance of
Charles III., Duke of Lorraine, concerning the assump-
tion of the particle de now appears, with other matters
of no less interest, among the appendices. Most important

sketches of warfare do not readily present themselves :
' At Sadowa sixty wounded were found in a barn six
days after the battle. They had lived God knows how.
When found, the state of their wounds was such that
not one of them could hope to survive." Again we hear

of all among the additions made to the book are those to the I of those wlo, crawling clear of the thickets, "were eaten

illustrations, illuminated and other. Families of exalted | alive by the beetles o' nights." ' On an Old American

rank now replace others of inferior consequence, and

tbe work puts forward the pretension to be a lilro d'oro

of the great European families. These illustrations are

in every case splendidly executed. It was Dr. Wood-

ward's original intention to have included chapters on
the College of Anus, the Lyon Office, and other heraldic
" institutions of authority, existing or defunct, at home
and abroad." As materials grew on his hand he found

Turnpike ' gives a gloomy account of the conditions of
things in Virginia. Mr. Wilfrid Ward's* Reminiscence '
of Thomas Henry Huxley, contributed to the Nineteenth
Century, is remarkable in many respects. Huxley appears
to Mr. Ward to have been " almost the ideal of a con-

verser never frivolous and never dull." Some of the

anecdotes preserved are quite excellent. Mr. Ward tells
us that Wordsworth " once said of the peak of a Swiss

the inconvenience of further augmenting two volumes 1 mountain, hidden behind the low clouds/' that " you

128

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[8* 8. X. Aua. 8, '96.

felt [it] to be there, though you could not see it." Did he ]
We know not where, and wo doubt it. Coleridge said
something of the kind in his ' Hymn before Sunrise in
the Valley of Cbamouni,' and we funcy this is what Mr.
Ward recalls. We agree so completely in spirit with
Ouida in much that she writes that we wish she would
not in her ' Quality of Mercy ' overstate her case. In
much that she says she is quite right, and her anathemas
are simply launched against human vulgarity using
the word in its right sense. Women will never learn
that it is cruel to wear the osprey egret in their hair
or a carcase in their hats. Individuals will, but the
bulk is unteachable, and will always remain so. Quite
hopeless is it also to preach to men on the cruelty
of sport; but the world is growing perceptibly
milder and more humane. Public sentiment is indig-
nant with tome forms of cruelty, especially cruelty
to a horse. When one interferes now to prevent a man
from ill-treating an animal public sentiment is with one,
and the offender slinks away sullen, but silent. This was
not always so. Sentiment is, indeed, growing so strongly
that it is quite conceivable that before long legal
restrictions upon the size and character of the whip to
be used may be imposed. Prof. Courthope gives the
first of three papers on ' Life in Poetry,' and deals, in
the present case, with 'Poetical Conception.' This
appears to the professor, as to Horace, in " the power to
give individual form to universal ideas." Prince Kro-
potkin writes on ' Recent Science,' and Father Clarke,
S.J., gives a long paper on ' The Training of a Jesuit.'
In the New Review Mr. Francis Watt undertakes the
partial rehabilitation of ' Bloody Jeffreys,' advancing
many instances of his " real regard for justice," and even
of his magnanimity. His faults, it is held, were balanced
by some virtues, and " much may be pleaded in mitiga-
tion of the judgment history has passed upon him. Mr.
David Hannay sends a brightly written article upon
' Brantorae,' whom he calls the Froissart of the later
sixteenth century. In the great conflict waged around
him he took but faint interest. " What the men and
women of the world about him said and did, and what
was lofty, passionate, and insolent in their words and
deeds were everything to him. Dr. Carfrae has an im-
portant paper on ' The Drift of Modern Medicine,' and
Mr. Ian Malcolm, M.P., gives some ' Coronation Notes '
from Moscow.' An Island without Death,' with which
the Century opens, gives an account of Miyajima, the
sacred island in the Inland Sea of Japan. Very interest-
ing is the account of life in this favoured spot, and
the illustrations impart much vivacity. Mr. Sloane's
' Life of Napoleon Buonaparte ' begins with the collapse
of the Western Empire, and ends with "The Great
Captain at Bay." When complete and published sepa-
rately, as doubtless it will be, the work will form a useful
history. Among important contributions are ' Pharaoh
of the Hard Heart,' by Prof. Flinders Petrie, and Mr. F.
Marion Crawford's* The Vatican.' With its new pictorial
cover Scrilner's looks very bright. It opens with a
pleasant travel article from a feminine pen, ' On the
Trail of Don Quixote.' As Strangers ' is an excellent
comedietta by Miss Annie Eliot. 'Old-Time Flower
Gardens ' is a delightful article delightfully illustrated.
The ninth volume of the Pall Mall Magazine is con-
cluded with the August number. Very handsomely
illustrated in colours is the opening article, ' The Fan.'
An account of Hardwick Hall is by A. H. Malan. It is
freshly written and well illustrated. Very pleasing is,
too. The Country and Towns of the Dart.' The Follies
of Fashion,' which retains a pleasant antiquarian flavour,
deals with balloons. Matthew Prior and Lord Bramwell
are the subjects of papers in Temple Bar. The life of
the former, written by Mr. John Macdonell, shows

much familiarity with Bramwell's career. An account
of ' A Day in Goa ' describes travelling under difficulties.
' Bicetre ' gives some curious revelations concerning
that prison hospital. The entire number is exceptionally
excellent.' A Prince of Wales,' in Macmillan's, deals
with Owen Glendower, commemorated by Shakspeare.
'Rahel Levin and her Times' gives some appetising
extracts from her letters. ' Shall we return to the
Land 1 ' exposes the disadvantages attending the substi-
tution of country for town life. Mr. James Platt con-
tributes to the Gentleman's ' In Spanish Gipsyner.' He
gives a striking account of the dance that he saw in the cave
dwellings on the skirts of the Alpujarras. ' The White
Rose on the Border ' depicts scenes subsequent to the
battle of Culloden. 'Cisse's City and Round About It '
is a fantastic way of describing Chichester and its
neighbourhood. The 1st of August being the anni-
versary of the battle of the Nile, Prof. Laughton has
commemorated that splendid triumph by giving in the
Cornhill a full account of it. 'Children's Theology'
gives some amusing instances of the mistaken ideas
children derive from oral tuition. Master Jackie,
being told that he had broken one of the command-
ments, said, with much cheerfulness, " I've only got nine
more to break now." Mr. Spencer Wilkinson writes on
' Gustavus Adolphus,' and Mr. A. P. Martin on ' Sir
Henry Parkes.' A. K. H. B. supplies Longman's with
interesting recollections of Oliver Wendell Holmes. To
the English Illustrated Mr. Charles Marquardt, a sur-
vivor from the Drummond Castle, sends ' My Voyage '
in the doomed ship. This is illustrated with pictures,
some of them of pathetic interest. Mr. R. S. Loveday
writes on the hats of our grandmothers. Intending
travellers to the North may read ' The Right Way to
See Norway.' In addition to the ordinary number Bel-
gravia publishes a holiday number. Among the con-
tributors to this is John Strange Winter. Chapman's
gives the customary selection of modern fiction.

PART XXXV. of Cassell's Gazetteer, Llanfillo to Long-
stowe, has a coloured map of London, of which city a
long account is given. Londonderry is also dealt with,
as are many Welsh and Scottish localities of interest.

AN illustrated volume, giving 'An Account of the
Ancient Crosses at Gosforth, in Cumberland,' by Charles
Arundel Parker, will forthwith be published by Mr.
Elliot Stock.

itoiijws 10

We must call special attention to the following notices :

ON all communications must be written the name and
address of the sender, not necessarily for publication, but
as a guarantee of good faith.

WE cannot undertake to answer queries privately.

To secure insertion of communications correspondents
must observe the following rule. Let each note, query,
or reply be written on a separate slip of paper, with the
signature of the writer and such address as he wishes to
appear. Correspondents who repeat queries are requested
to head the second communication "Duplicate."

E. D. Shall appear.

NOTICE.

Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The
Editor of ' Notes and Queries ' "Advertisements and
Business Letters to "The Publisher "at the Office
Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.G.

We beg leave to state that we decline to return com-
munications which, for any reason, we do not print and
to this rule we can make no exception.

8>S. X. Ata. 15, '98,]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

129

", SATURDAY. AUGUST 15, 1896.

CONTENTS. N 242.

NOTES -.The ' Oraculum Spirituale,' 129 Hicks Family
130 The Eustace Baronetcy The Days of the Week, 131
American University Cheers Funeral of Capt. Addison
Descendants of Thomas Percy, 132 Richard Topcliffe
Saints' Wells in Cornwall George Baxter, 133 Letter
of Locke " Chaffer " " Spurrings " Burns Parish
Councils The Queen's Heign" Laze and flane," 134.

QUKKIKS -."Bedding Pewter Brass" Mrs. Penobsoot
T. G. Killigrew Mrs. Browning's Birthplace Milkmaids
in Pictures Bishop Lloyd's Palace, Chester, 135 The
Lollards of Kyle Despencer Pedigree Bishopric of Lon
don Seymour and Stretchley Families " Our incom
parable Liturgy " " Beveller's boy," 136 Miraculous
Statues Coinage Portrait of Surgeon Wynne Records
Sir Robert Viner " Tussuria " Pye-house, 137.

REPLIES : French Prisoners of War, 137" Brucolaques,'
138 Chelsea Enamel The Weeping Infant A Joke of
Sheridan, 140" Little Wales " " As plainfas a pike-staff '
Lucifer Matches Grace Darling Monument Lord John
Russell Gray or Grey, 141 Translation" Mac " and
' Me "Samuel Pepys Westminster Abbey, 142 Blessing
the Fisheries Pole's MS. of Charters Norman Roll at
Dives Ognall, 143 Tannachie Ubaldino's 'Account of
England' Henry Grey Parish Constables' Staves, 144
The Margraves of Auspach " Ade" TJie Scarlet Hunting-
coatJohn Dory Earliest Circulating Library Potatoes
for Rheumatism Proverb, 145 Commemorative Pies-
William Warham Rough Lee Hall" Marcella," 146.

NOTES ON BOOKS : Maxwell's Rainy Days in a Library '
Almack's Bibliography of the Eikon Basilike 'Fisher's
Boissier's ' Country of Horace and Virgil ' Boas's ' Bhak-
gpereand his Predecessors ' Neilson's ' Caudatus Anglicus'
Scargill-Bird's ' Guide to Documents in the Record
Office 'Magazines, Journals, &c.

THE 'ORACULUM SPIRITUALE' OF
JACOBUS POCHET.

A very curious little book has lately fallen into
my hands, filled with epigrams, chronograms,
anagrams, and verbal puzzles of many kinds ; I
have never seen it before, and whilst I am in the
first joy of possession (an emotion which every
book-lover will understand), it occurs to me that
others may be glad to make some acquaintance
with its pages. This first joy of possession is,
however, so evanescent a feeling, and the passage
of the book from the study table to the oblivion of
the shelf is so near at hand, that I think it safer
to write at once.

Here is the title-page :

Apollinia apiritualis Oraculum de lumine Dei lumino-
sum, de raelle coeli mellifluum, gratis plenum odoribua
condimentutu, et morum Floa hie, nectar qui sensibua
balet, sive

v L PEA

RE E ATIO I T TIS,
L V V R U

praefulgidia mentis ornamentia plena, & glorioais Crucia
mysteriig passim decora & adornata : Oblatio votiva
curioaia cujuavia status PhilomusiB pro prsepostera
equentium annorum in eaecula eaeculorum strena p.
JAOOBI POOHET. Liber unicus, trea alioa, calamo quidem,
ted nondum typia exaratos, precedent.

Bruxellae, Typia Joannia Momraartl 1651.
From which it may be gathered that Dom Pochet
had a very good opinion of his own work.

Certainly verbal and literal ingenuity could
hardly be carried much further than the author
has done in the 370 small octavo pages of which
the book consists.

He plunges at once into a series of anagrams,
dedicating his book to Leopold of Austria, in whose
honour a full-page plate is given representing an
eight-pointed star, the arms of which are com-
posed of the following lines, with a capital A in the
centre common to them all :

1. LeopolduB Auatriacua.

2. Directus a polo salvus.

3. Lude solus autor paoia.

4. llepulsas valido scuto.

Whilst on the crown itself are three more ana.
grams :

5. Proavia ut sol adluces.

6. Clarus tuua dies & polo.

7. Tu das plus claro losuo.

Of other anagrams I select a few :

8. Virgo Maria, Mira Virago.

9. Beata Virgo. Beat Virago, p. 46.

Four or five on Calvin, pp. 120, 121:

10. Ego BumrauB vat en, Mua ego sum, vetasl

11. Calvinus eat Propbeta. Lunaticua ea Propheta.

12. Calvinus Leno tot formans. Tales noluut Romani
fucoa.

13. Joannes Calvinus doctor. Nota, luridua canis
noceo.

14. Calvinus est Idololatra. Area doli, sus in luto
latet.

One or two more general anagrams :

15. Laud a tor. Adulator, p. 136.

16. Beata solitude. Sola Beatitude, 137.

Here is a verbal puzzle, No. 521, In Superbum:

SJSIJ I fit I At *-*

Te tam gutter eaa, quam super ire rogas.
I need not insult the readers of ( N. & Q.' by
offering a solution.

Of chronograms there is a goodly collection,
Here are a few :

1. Ease tVIs Vere sIDVa LeopoLDe pVtarl*,
AVt PboebVs parena eXorlensqVe Dies.

2. EXorerla alDVs patrlae aoL gratVa. ab ortV
sVpra nog Mentea eXILIere tVo.

8. AMoR Deo saCer eat aaL terne.

4. Metra Dotes saCraa et Laetas parant.

5. ManData aaCra et Laata.

6. LVX Mea git leaVs, CVnCla proCVL Ite tenebra,
EXCeLLens sVrget noater In orbe nltor.

Perhaps it is scarcely necessary to give the printer
the labour of setting the other chronograms with
the numeral letters in capitals :

7. A superia vatea Phoeboque parente requirit,
Vt pia musa crebria sit aua digna typia.

8. AD LeCtoreM. (aliud simile chronicum) .

9. Utiliter cunctis cupio pia pingere metra :
Tu fac qui legia liasc, gis bone atque piu.

10. Sit bona pax vati vivo, requiesque perennia
Defuncto, tanta dote, favente Deo.

130

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[8 th 8.X. AUG. 15, '96.

It will be observed that all these chronograms give
the date 1650, the year before that in which the
book was printed. Here is one of a different
order :

11. Abundantia gratia?, et pax rediviya
Nobig git, Dante jubileo universal!.

The seventeenth century writers seem to have
delighted in the composition of chronograms and
to have found the task singularly easy. I have com-
posed only two, in which I feel a certain paternal
pride ; and I am afraid I must confess that they
cost me more labour than they are worth. The
first I have printed at the end of my catalogue of
some of the rarer books and of books and plates
relating to London in St. Paul's Cathedral Library,
published in 1893 :

CataLogVs LlbrorVM eCCLeglse B. PaVLI eXpLICIt
feLIOIter ID Ipgo beatl PaVLI patron J nostrl festo.

The second is in my ' Life and Legend of St.
Vedast,' issued in the present year :

SanCtVa VeDastVg epIsCopVs atrebatensls Llbera
gratia saLVatorlg Chrletl CateChlsta et InstrVCtor
reglg ChLoDoVeel.

Those who have seen the noble volumes issued by
Mr. James Hilton, F,S. A., three in number, contain-
ing in all some thirty-eight thousand chronograms,
will certainly not complain that they have not
sufficient material before them for an exhaustive
study of the subject.

Probably, however, the readers of ' N. & Q.'
will not endure any more specimens of this kind of
ingenuity, though the little volume before me
could supply others.

I do not know whether there is any proper name
for the class of verbal puzzles of which I now give
an example. This is perhaps the best, and is fre-
quently met with. It is often found in churches,
near the font. I saw it a short time since in the
old church at Hazebrouck, at the intersection of
the railway lines to Arras, Dunkirk, Lille, and
Calais :

Qu an di trig m p

oa guis rug ti ulcedine avit.
H san mi chris d 1

Of words set cross-wise or in other geometrical
figures there is a great variety ; perhaps these are
the happiest in allusion to the cross itself :

A ARA L

SALUTIS U MYSTIODM

8 X A

A R

Of epigrams there is a large number. The book
concludes with some highly laudatory verses ad-
dressed to Dom Pochet by Lucas Lancelottus,
I.V.D. ; with a Censura approbans by Joannes du
Trieu, Beguinagii Parochus Archiepiscopalis Libro-
rum Censor ; and an Approbatio by the Archdeacon
of Malines, Henricus Calenus, Vicar-General of
the Archbishop.

May I conclude with a question : Who was D.
Jacobus Pochet ?

My copy has the words " Bibliotecss ffr. minor*,
bruxell:" written across the title-page. Does this
Franciscan library still exist ?

W. SPARROW SIMPSON.

HICKS OR HICKES FAMILY.
(See 8'h S . vii. 347, 417, 471 ; viii. 74, 153, 278.)

The following notes relating to the family of
Hicks, although they do not answer the query of
MR. CHAS. JAS. F&RET, may be of interest. The
notes were made by the late Nathan D'Ews, author
of the ' History of -Deptford/ for the late Hastings
Hicks, Esq. A few trifling additions I have
inserted in brackets :

There are four branches. Shipston-on-Stour, Arraa :
Azure, a fess wavy argent between three fleurs-de-lys or.
Motto, " Tout en bonne heure." Beverston, London and
Gloucester, and Nunnington branches bear: Gules, a
fegse wavy argent between three fleur-de-lyg or, with the
game motto. All descended from Sir Ellis Hicks, Knt.,
who fought under the Black Prince ; knighted by Ed-
ward III. Supposed born at Nunnington, near York,
early in the fourteenth century.

Had two great-grandsons. (1) John Hicks, of Tort-
worth, co. Gloucester, obit. 1488, and (2) Hicks, of

Nunnington.

A. (1) The son or grandson of John was Thomas,
married daughter and heiress of James Attwod, Esq.,
and Alice, daughter of Wm. Payne, Esq.

The issue of this marriage was William, of Shipston-
on-Stour.

He had a son William, rector of Stretton-super-Foas,
co. Warwick, and Vicar of Campden, co. Gloucester.

Had issue : 1. Baptist, Rector of Stretton-auper-Fosa.
Issue thirteen children.

2. Thomas, of Deptford.

3. Sir Henry Hicks, born at Stretton-super-Poss, 1677.
High Sheriff of Kent 1734, knighted the same year.
First churchwarden of St. Paul's, Deptford. Died at the
Brewery, Deptford Bridge, 6 Jan., 1757, and buried in the
family vault beneath St. Paul's, Deptford. [Sir Henry
Hickes, brewer, 69, Deptford Bridge, Jany. 13th, 1757.
Burials, in St. Paul's Register. He was Steward, 1726,
and Master, 1731, of the Society of Ancient College \
Youths.] Married Margaret, daughter of Sir Snelling
Thomas, brewer, of Deptford Bridge, obit. 1738, and was
buried in the family vault at St. Paul's, Deptford [Mar-
garet, Lady Hickes, wife of Sir Henry Hickes. Knt.
Peb. 9, 1738. Burials, in St. Paul's Register], There is a
monument to this lady in St. Paul's, Deptford, on which
the date is given of her death 28 Jan., 1738, aged forty-
six years. In the second south window of St. Nicholas's
Church, Deptford, are the arms of Snelling Thomas,
Sheriff of Kent 1706 : Quarterly, 1 and 4, Party per
pale, argent and sable, a chevron between three martlets
counterchanged ; 2 and 3, Sable, a bezant between three
eagles' heads erased or, a chief indented ermine ; over
all an escutcheon of pretence, Sable, a fesse between two
chevronels ermine, in chief a covered cup or. See
Drake's ' Hundred of Blackheath,' p. 32.

Issue of 2 : Thomas, born at Deptford, 1716 [1717 ?],
storekeeper H.M. Dockyard at Deptford. Died at Ex-
mouth and was buried in St. Paul's, Deptford. Had
issue four daughters, Mary, Elizabeth, Ann, and Rebecca.
[Thomas Hicks, Esq., from Axmouth, in the County of
Devon. Aged 78. 1795. Burial, in St. Paul's Register.]

8 th 8. X. Am. 15, '96.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

131

Issue of 3 : A daughter Mary, obit. 1753 ; Margaret,
and a son Thomas, who probably died at Marylebone,
and was buried in a private vault at St. George's, Han-
over Square, London, 20 Oct., 1771.

Had issue : Charlotte, born May. 1751 ; Frances, born
1752, obit. 1757; Thomas, born 1753; and William, of
Nottingham Street, Marylebone, London, solicitor, born
1757, olit. 26 Dec., 1819, buried as St. George's, Hanover
Square. Married Susan, daughter of James Pigge, Esq.,
of Norfolk.

His son, George, married Ellen Tempest, daughter of
Aaron Graham, Esq., Chief Margistrate of Bow Street.

Issue 1 : George Henry Tempest, married Arabella,
daughter of Edward Stone, Esq., of Thorpe Lodge,
Kensington.

2. Ellen.

3. William Frederick, of the Ceylon Civil Service, obit.
1847.

4. Henry Erekine, a general in the Royal Artillery,
married Hood, and died 1880.

Issue of 1 : 1. Henry Tempest, married Ann, daughter
of Charles Henery, Esq., of Gladsmuir, Barnet.

2. Hastings Edward.

Issue of 1 : Hastings, of Deptford, married Edith,
daughter of George Ellis, Esq., Madras Civil Service.
[Died at Hampden House, Clapham, 17 May, 1893, buried
at Mortlake, 20 May.]

Issue : Mary Adeline, born 1870 ; Sidonie Mary, born
1873 ; and George Baptist Ellis, born 1878.

A. (2) Thomas, son or grandson of John Hicks, of
Tortworth, had a brother Robert, mercer of Cbeapside,
London, who married Juliana, daughter of Wm. Arthur,
of Clapham, Surrey.

Issue : Sir Michael Hicks, Knt., born 21 Oct., 1544,
died 16 Aug., 1612. Secretary to Lord Treasurer Bur-
leigh. Married Elizabeth, daughter of Mr. Colston, of
Ruck holts, co. Essex.

Issue : 1. Sir William Hicks, first Bart., obit. October,
1680, married Margaret, daughter of William, Lord Fagot.

2. Elizabeth, married Sir William Armine, Bart., of
Osgoldsby, Lincoln.

Issue of 1 : Sir William Hicks, second Bart., obit.
26 April, 1702, aged 73 ; married Marthannes, daughter
of Sir Harry Conningsby, Knt, of North Mimnis, Herts.

2. Lactitia, married Arthur, Earl of Donegal.

3. Sir Michael Hicks, Knt., married Susanna, daughter
of Sir Richard Howe.

4 Mary, married James Darcy, Esq., of Tedburgh,
Yorks.

Issue of 8: Sir Henry Hicks, third Bart., born
October, 1666, obit. 1765, married, first, Elizabeth,
daughter of Sir John Holmes, Knt., by whom he had
two daughters, Margaret and Elizabeth, and one son
Henry, born 1705, obit. 1721 ; and, secondly, Barbara,
daughter of Joseph Johnson, Esq., of Walthamstow.

Issue : Sir Robert Hicks, fourth Bart., born 1712, obit.
1 1 68, unmarried.

Martha, bom 1712, Elizabeth 1714, Barbara 1715,
Ardina 1716, John 1718, and Michael 1719.

The third baronet had a brother Michael ; a sister
Margaret, who married Anthony Wharton, of Gilling-
wood. co. York ; three brothers, William, Robert, John ;
? W A d * Uirhter8 ' Eliz *betb, and Anne, born 1679, died

80; and another brother Charles, born 1677, married
Coninpsby, died 1760, had issue.

Sir John Baptist Hicks, fifth Bart , died 1791, s.p.

AYEAHR.
(To It continued.)

THE EUSTACE BARONETCY. The account given
of this title in Burke's 'Extinct Baronetage'

appears to be very inaccurate. It states that the
baronetcy was conferred 23 Dec., 1685, on Maurice
Eustace (son of William FitzJohn Eustace), the
Speaker of the Irish House of Commons and Lord
Chancellor of Ireland, and that he was succeeded
by his son Sir Maurice, second baronet, who
married Margaret, daughter of Thomas Newcomen,
and bad " a daughter and heir, married to Tickell,
the poet." With this alleged second baronet the
title seems to have expired, as no further inheritors
of it are given by Burke. Now, Sir Maurice
Eustace, the Chancellor, died in 1665, and there-
fore could not be holder of a baronetcy conferred
in 1685 ; moreover, as he left his estates to his
nephews, it is not likely he had "a son and
successor." The following pedigree is perhaps
correct:

John Eustace of Castlemartin.

William Eustace.

Maurice Eustace.
I

Sir Maurice Eustace, Knt., Prime Ser- John=?=Margaret

jeant, 1634 ; Speaker of House of Com
mons, 1639; Master of the Rolls, 1644 ;
Lord Chancellor, 1660; died 1665.
(1 Fellow of T.C.D. 1617 and M.A.
1618.)

Keating.

Sir Maurice Eustace, Bart , Bo=Margaret Sir John, m.
cr. 1685 ; P.C. 1686 ; Col. King Newcomen. and had
James's army; possibly died four

before 1697, when an Act wag daughters,

passed in connexion with his Thomas,

estates. In 1720 another Act
was passed for the sale of the
estates to pay his creditors.

The baronetcy probably expired with the grantee,
who does not appear to have had any male issue.

C. M. TENISON.
Hobart, Tasmania.

THE ORDER OF THE DAYS OF THE WEEK.
Few people are aware of the rule whereby the
name of the day of the week following Sunday
must needs be Monday. Yet it is not difficult.
It is practically explained in my ' Notes to
Chaucer,' vol. iii. p. 197; vol. v. p. 86 ; but some
may like to see it very briefly stated.

The earth being taken as the centre of the planet-
ary system, the planets are to be arranged in the
order of the lengths of their orbits. The nearest
planet (with the shortest orbit) is the Moon ; and
then come Mercury, Venus, the Sun, Mars, Jupiter,
Saturn. This order was reversed by the astrologers,
giving the order following : Saturn, Jupiter, Mars,
Sun, Venus, Mercury, MOOD.

If we now divide Sunday into twenty-four
planetary hours, and assign the first of these to the
Sun, the second to Venus (next in rotation), the
third to Mercury, the fourth to the Moon, the fifth

132

NOTES AND QUERIES. [8*s.x.AtJo.i5,'9<j.

to Saturn (beginning again), and so on, then the
eighth will again fall to the Sun, and BO will the
fifteenth and the twenty-second. Consequently
the twenty-third (like the second) belongs to Venus,
and the twenty-fourth to Mercury, which com-
pletes the day. Hence the twenty-fifth hour,
being the first hour of the new day, falls to the
Moon. And so throughout.

It is easily seen that, in order to obtain the
successive ruling planets of the first hour of each
day, we must pitch upon every third planet in the
series by skipping two. Hence the order is : Sun,
Moon, Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, Venus, Saturn ;
or, in English terminology : Sun, Moon, Tlw,
Woden, Thunor (Thur), Frige, Sseter.

WALTER W. SKBAT.

AMERICAN UNIVERSITY CHEERS. Some of
these peculiar manifestations of student enthusiasm
have been reduced to type in ' Outremer,' by M.
Paul Bourget, who considers that the cries " ex-
press a singularly untamed joy of living."

11 Sere, for example, is the ' cheer ' of the University
of Illinois, ' Rah-hoo-rab, Zip-boom-ah ! Hip-zoo, rah
Zoo, Jimmy, blow your bazoo. Ip-sidi-iki, U. of I.
Champaign ! ' and that of the University of Indiana,
' Gloriana, Frangipana, Indiana ! Kazoo, Kazan 1 Kazoo,
Kazan ! Hoop Lah ! Hoop Lah 1 State University,
Rah ! Rah ! Rah ! ' and that of Denver, ' U, U, U, of
D, Den-ver, Ver-si-tee ! Kai Gar Wahoo Zip boom D.
U. ! ' The University of North Dakota follows, with her
cry, ' Odz-dzo-dzi ! Ri, ri, ri ! Hy-ah ! Hy-ah 1 North
Dakota ! ' "-P. 304.

The Yorkshire Evening Post of 8 July gives
further information.

" One who was at Henley yesterday described the Yale
cry. That cry is more complicated than the 'Cornell I
yell, I yell Cornell ' of last year. It is in part a corrup-
tion of the frog chorus in the ' Frogs ' of Aristophanes.
Mr. Treadway assured me (says a correspondent of the
Manchester Guardian) it was not to be spelt. I write it
phonetically ' Brakekeax Koax Koax, Brakekeax Koax
Koax, Hulla Baloo ra ra ra Yale ! ' "

Let us hope nobody has been misleading M.
Paul Bourget. ST. SWITHIN.

FUNERAL OF CAPT. ADDISON, 66ra REGIMENT.
I append a letter of the last century from a boy
to his sister. I should much like to have an
account of the dipt. Addison mentioned in it,
with the date of his funeral. This to establish the
year in which the letter was written, which bears
only the date of 23 January. Could a Glasgow
antiquary furnish the fact, together with a tran-
script of the inscription on the captain's tombstone,
if now legible ? The boy was born in 1770, matri-
culated at St. Andrews University in 1787, and
died in 1788:

MY DEAR JEANIE, What is the reason you never write
me, is it because I could not answer in French ? I sup-
pose by this time you talk with my Father in French.
I shall try to give you an exact ace* of the funeral of a
fine young fellow a Captain Addison of the 56 th Reg 1 as
I can. He waa a Captain of Grenadiers. My Father

can describe the Streets to you so to mention those thro*
which they proceeded is Sufficient for me.

I 8t Went the next officer of Grendadiers, with his Cap
all dressed in White, which had a beautiful Contrast
with the black turban he carried his Mueket with the
mouth of it towards the ground below his Arm. It had
a tine White Scarf hung over his Shoulders and tied with
black Crape. Next the Grenadier Company ten men
abreast, and there was just four tens at about 6 yards
distance from one another. These carried their Muskets
all in the Same way as the officer. Then came an officer
of light Infantry dress'd in the Same way with the
former. He was followed by the band of Music with
their Instruments hung with Crape and playing mourn-
fully. Then two drums covered with black, now and
then giving a most dismal sound. Next came the Eng-
lish Clergyman with his Clerk, both having in their hands
the book open. They had on black gowna with White
Scarfs, Then came the Corps carried on the heads of
some of the soldiers, with four of the friends of the
deceased as Pall bearers with White Scarfs. The Sword
and Bayonet of the officer tied across the Corps with
White Ribbons, The whole officers of the Reg 6 were
next in order, and then the rest of the Reg 1 without
arms. They proceeded from the head of the Stock wall [7]
thro* the Thron gate and high Street up to the high
Church within which he was interred. I saw the Pro-
cession from my Window, then went to the Church
Yard. None were allowed to get within the Church but
the officers. The Grenadier Company drew up and fired
three rounds after the Corps was into the Church. I got
myself placed just by their backs. Captain Addison bad
been about a twelve month married.

I met with Cap' Ker from Edin r on the Street lately,
he very kindly invited me to Sup with him at the
Saracen's head, which I did, and there met a M' Cricli-
ton formerly of the 43 d now of the 67 th . He and Cap*
Ker kept house with my Uncle for a long time when
they were Prisoners.

It delighted me vastly to see the esteem and regard
which both Cap 1 Ker seem'd to have for my Uncle. M r
Ker beg'd his compliments to all at Swinton and Whit-
some. I have not time to add any more as I am in a
hurry to get ready for the Carrier. Write soon and let
me have all yours news.

I am, my D r Jeanie, your affect Brother,

JOHN Ci'ppLES.

Glasgow, Jan? 23 d .

For Miss Jean Kennedy Cupples, the Rev d M r George
Cupples, at Swinton, near Dune, to the care of Gabriel
Watson, to be delivered to Tho" Boston, Dunse, Carrier,
on Thursday,

J. G. CoPPLES,

Boston, New England.

DESCENDANTS OF THOMAS PERCY, BISHOP or
DROMORE (1729-1811). He was born at Bridg-
nortb, Salop, in 1729, and was the son of Arthur
Low Percy, or as it is often spelt Piercy, a grocer
in that town, where a house in the Cartway is
still pointed out as the place of his birth. He had
at least two brothers, perhaps more, and the ques-
tion is raised as to whether there were descendants
of them, either male or female. Thomas Percy,
called in the ' Admission Register of Merchant
Taylors' School,' by 0. J. Robinson, "son of
Anthony Percy, of Southwark, Esquire," a nephew
of the bishop, was elected to St. John's College,
Oxford, in 1786, B.G.L. 1792, D.C.L. 1797, Vicar

8*8. X. A oo. 15/96.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

133

of Grays Thurrock, Essex, editor of the fourth
edition of the ' Reliques of Ancient English Poetry,
died unmarried, at the age of forty, in 1808, at
Ecton Hall, Northamptonshire,tbe seat of his cousin
Samuel Isted, Esq., and was buried at Ecton
His cousin Henry Percy, the only son of thi
bishop, predeceased him many years, having dice
at Marseilles in 1783, at the age of twenty, after
wintering at Madeira. He had been admitted
into college at Westminster in 1777, at the age o
fourteen. There is no doubt as to his being
the only son, yet the ' Dictionary of Nationa
Biography,' in a memoir of the bishop, erroneously
assigns to Percy another son, who is said to have
died at Dromore.

It would appear that Bishop Percy had certainly
a second brother named Arthur, for in the Free-
mans' Roll of the Borough of Bridgnorth it is stated
that Arthur Piercy (sic), of Birmingham, was, in
1755, admitted a burgess. The bishop, shortly
after his settlement at Dromore in 4783, alludes to
him as " having become a bankrupt, and has in
volved me in losses occasioned by my becoming
security for him ; and is moreover with his family
to be maintained by me into the bargain "(Nichols's
' IH. of Literature/ vi. p. 578). The question arises,
Were any members of this family males, and did
they leave male issue ?

Two daughters survived the bishop as coheirs,
named Barbara and Elizabeth, the elder of whom
married Samuel Isted, Esq., of Ecton House, co.
Northampton, and died in 183-, leaving an only
son, the late Ambrose Isted, Esq., who died issue-
less some years ago. The younger daughter Eliza-
beth married Archdeacon the Hon. Pierce Meade,
by whom she had several sons and one daughter,
and died in 1823. Her only surviving son, Major
Edward Richard Meade, born in 1805, left no
male issue, but had three daughters who survived,
Mary Frances, Constance Isabel, and Helen
Adelaide (see Burke's * Peerage,' under " Clan-
william "). A daughter of the archdeacon, Theo-
dosia Barbara Meade, is said, on the same autho-
rity, to have married the Rev. John Whalley, of
Ecton, co. Northampton, and to have had issue.
Are any of this issue or their descendants sur-
viving]

It would appear from what has been said that
most probably the daughters of Major Meade are
the representatives in the female line of Bishop
Percy. Meade mentioned that he could just
remember his grandfather, the good bishop, feeding
his swans in the garden at Dromore.

JOHN PICKFORD, M.A.

RICITARD TOPCLIFFE, Srr. He was the eldest
son of Robert Topcliffe, of Somerby, Lincolnshire,
according to 'Athenae Cantabr.,' ii. 386, but the
Messrs. Cooper were unable to ascertain the date of
his death. As his life will soon have to be rewritten
for the ' Diet. Nat. Biog.,' it seems worth mention-

ing that letters of administration of the estate of
one Richard Topcliffe, of Lincolnshire, were taken
out in the Prerogative Court of Canterbury in
July, 1615. A reference to the act would give
the name of the parish in Lincolnshire where this
Richard Topcliffe died. His identity with the
spy might thus be established.

GORDON GOODWIN.

SAINTS' WELLS IN CORNWALL. The Western
Daily Mercury for 4 May records :

"Sunday being the first May Sabbath, many young
folk went to Madron Well, where they prayed or sought
information (by the dropping of pins into the Saint's
baptistery) as to the future, as their hearts inclined."

Madron is a mile and a half from Penzance.

HARRY HEMS.
Fair Park, Exeter.

GEORGE BAXTER (1805-1867), OIL-COLOUR
PRINTER. George Baxter, second son of Mr.
John Baxter (ob. 1858), printer, of Lewes, Sussex,
settled in London about the year 1825, and was
in much repute as an artist. He was for many
years a frequent contributor to the Royal Academy
exhibitions. Letters Patent were granted 23 Oct.,
1835, to George Baxter, of Charterhouse Square,
London, engraver, for his invention of " Improve-
ments in producing coloured steel-plate, copper-
plate, and other impressions," and a further grant
issued 30 Aug., 1849, to the said George Baxter,
then of Northampton Square, Clerkenwell, en-
graver and printer, of an extension for the term
of five years of the aforenamed Letters Patent of
1835. Patents bearing date 9 June, 1857, and
14 Oct., 1858, respectively, were also received by
Mr. Baxter for his inventions of printing in colours
and colouring photographic pictures. Among some
of his works may be mentioned his miniatures of
Her Majesty the Queen and the Prince Consort,
and a copy of Rubens's ' Descent from the Cross,'
rom the original picture at Antwerp. He was
awarded the Austrian gold medal for his ( Opening
f the First Parliament of Queen Victoria ' and
the ' Queen's Coronation.' His best original pro-
duction, a miniature drawing of the baptism of
he Prince of Wales, furnishes excellent likenesses
if the royal family and the distinguished per-
onages present at the ceremony. Though Baxter's
)rints number altogether only about four hundred,
so many variations are noted in each that a com-
lete collection, assuming one could be made,
would embrace many thousands of specimens.
tf r. Baxter married Mary, eldest daughter of Robert
Harrild, Esq., of Round Hill, Forest Hill, Kent,
y whom he left issue one son and two daughters
Gent. Mag., February, 1867, New Series, vol. iii.
>. 263).

An inscription on the stone covering the family
rave of George and Mary Baxter, in the church-
ard of Christ Church, Perry Vale, Forest Hill,

134

NOTES AND QUERIES.

. X. And. 15, '96.

records that the said George Baxter "was gifted
as an Artist with the highest qualities of artistic
taste, and was the sole Inventor and Patentee of
Oil Color Picture Printing." He died at the
Retreat, Sydenham, 11 Jan,, 1867, in his sixty-
third year.

Other inscriptions on the same stone com-
memorate his wife, Mary Baxter, died 29 Dec.,
1871, aged sixty *five years, and William Oliver,
son-in-law of George and Mary Baxter, who died
at Rotherfield, Sussex, 6 Jan., 1875, aged fifty -
three years. DANIBL HIPWELL.

LETTER OF LOCKE. (See 8 tn S. ix. 381.) It
may interest readers of ME. W. 0. K. WILDE'S
communication descriptive of the letter from John
Locke, recently in the possession of Lady Wilde,
to learn that it was purchased at Sotheby's, by
Messrs* Pearson, for 24 J. 10s. Letters from Locke
are far from common, and command, as is shown,
high prices. H. T.

" CHAFFER "=*Tp TALK MUCH AND IDLY. The
'New English Dictionary' seems to doubt the truth
of Archbishop Trench's assertion that " chaffer " is
used in this sense at all. Mrs. Browning is not
much of an authority, certainly, but she affords an
example :

And yet we do not take
The chaffering swallow for the holy lark.

Aurora Leigh,' First Book.

EDWARD H. MARSHALL, M.A.
Hastings,

"S?URRmGs"=-THE BANNS.- This is all that
Halliwell says about "spurrings" as equivalent for
the banns of marriage ; and ' Phrase and Fable '
has nothing whatever about the common and ex-
pressive word "spurrings," which is used more
frequently for banns than is the word " askings."
When a couple has come to the point, " this is the
first time of asking/' their friends spread the news

by saying to others " has got his first

spurring"; but never is this said of the woman.
It is the man who is thus " spurred " to the final
scene of a courtship the wedding. This is written
as regards this portion of the Midlands.

THOS. RATCLIFFE.

Workeop,

BURNS, HIS DAT. Not very long ago, being
in London, my breakfast-table correspondence
called me unexpectedly to Edinburgh. Arrived in
the evening, later on I left my hotel for a walk to
the General Post Office, and was surprised to find
almost every other man and woman I met in the
street (it was between 11 P.M. and midnight) in
a state of intoxication. Many of the women were
trying to dance on the sidewalks. As the season
was not a bank holiday, I thought some local
and popular election must have taken place ; and
on going back to the coffee-room of the " Waver*

ley " inquired the reason for the unusual out-door
excitement. " It's Buna'a Day ! " replied a portly
Scot, in a tone and with a look of some curiosity.
" And," continued I (full of my own concerns, and
not for one moment thinking of the poet), " who
is Buns ? " The effect of this innocent remark
upon the company I shall not readily forget, nor,
indeed, the emphatic manner in which my in-
formant said, ruefully, " Aweel, only to think of
Robbie Buns and his day being ignored in his own
city ! " HARRY HEMS.

Schiermonnikoog.

PARISH COUNCILS. The doings of parish
councils have attracted some notice. Here is a
specimen, taken from the window of the village
cobbler, who is also postmaster and parish clerk,
which might almost pass, so far as its orthography
goes, for a piece of Chaucerian English i

W Parish Council.

Statement of Expenditure on the Foreshoar at S..,.,.
beach.

Four New Seaten 2 10

To leveling Road 1 16 9

To Horses Hire 1 68

5 13 5

S , June 26tb, 1898.

The foreshore at S Beach would have been

commonplace, but " Foreshoar n with a capital and
beach with a small initial seems to turn the phrase
into an example of old-fashioned redundancy. The
other features of the document are rudimentary in
comparison. ARTHUR MAYALL.

Moesley.

THE QUEEN'S REIGN. When Lord Braye
made his recent motion in the House of Lords for
a public holiday to mark the day on which Her
Majesty will have out-reigned every one of her
predecessors on the English throne, he asked that
23 September should be so observed. Now surely
this was a mistake. King George III. began bis
reign 25 October, 1760, he died 29 January, 1820,
having reigned fifty-nine years, three months, and
four days. Her Majesty ascended the throne
20 June, 1837. Consequently on the 25th of
next month she will have reigned fifty-nine years,
three months, and five days, i.e., one day more
than her grandfather, but not before. 0. H.

" LAZE AND FLANE." Mr. Du Maurier ('Trilby,'
1895, p. 429) tells us how the redoubtable Taffy
and his wife finished their holiday in Paris by
" going to laze andflanc about the boulevards and
buy things, and lunch anywhere, sur le pouce."
Perhaps the aptness of the words expressive of
idle lounging may secure them a welcome and
some measure of acceptance in popular language.

JAMES HOOPER,

Norwich.

8* S, X, AUG. 15, '96,]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

185

Qiurlts*

We must request correspondents desiring information
on family matters of only private interest to affix their
aames and addresses to their queries, in order that the
answers may be addressed to thorn direct.

"BEDDING PEWTER BRASS." In Leigh's
'Glossary of Cheshire Words' (1877) this phrase
occurs in the sense of a warming-pan, " mentioned
in Margaret Holforde's will, sixteenth century."
should much like to know in what book this will
may be found, in order that I may give the exact
date. THE EDITOR OF THE

'ENGLISH DIALECT DICTIONARY.'

Clarendon Press, Oxford,

MRS. PENOBSCOT. At the sale of the late Sir
George Scharf's library I bought his copy of Mr.
Ohaloner W. Chute's 'History of the Vyne in
Hampshire,' a book which was reviewed in
'N. & Q.,' 7 tb S. v, 179, and which seems sub-
sequently to have become rema'rkably scarce.
Opposite p. 160 is inserted a photograph of a pic-
ture representing

"a lady in a richly ornamented costume of the later
years of Queen Elizabeth, entitled, Mrs. Penobscot, a
name not to be traced in England,"

Sir G. Scharf seems to have made some in-
quiries on the subject of this picture, for a letter
from the late Mr. Chute is also inserted in the
book, in which he thanks Sir George for his
" letter about the portrait said to be Mrs. Penob-
gcot," and adds :

" The picture is called by that name in the Topo-
grapher,' vol. i. (tit. ' The Vyne '), which was published
about 1790. The pictures of Mrs. Penobscot and the
Duchess of Richmond are similar in size and in the same
patterned frames. The corruption into ' Penobscot '
would be rather viva voce than from writing, and
'Queen of Scots ' so unds very like 'Penobecot.' Some
one might have thought the portrait like Mary Queen
of Scots, and corruption into Penobscot might have fol-
lowed."

Corruptions of well-known names by house-
keepers and other ignorant ciceroni do occasion-
ally occur, as in the case of the old lady who
described a picture in her master's gallery as
"Paul very uneasy," but what he was uneasy
about she didn't quite know. A servant's cor-
ruption would, however, have hardly been em-
balmed in the ' Topographer,' and accepted by the
owner of the picture as a correct title. I have
aeveral of Sir G. Scharf's notes and extracts, but
can find in them no reference to this portrait.
Perhaps ' N. & Q.' may be able to assist in
identifying the subject of the picture.

W. F. PRIDEAUX.

Kingsland, Shrewsbury.

THOMAS GUILFORD KILLIOREW. Can any
reader oblige me with information about the above-
named, who |s describe d in 1728 ^ " son of Mrs,

De la Force, Hampstead, Middlesex," and who
was probably aged about fourteen years at that
date? I have noted that Charles Killigrew, of
St. Martin's-in-the-Fields, and Jemima Boken-
ham had licence to marry 19 May, 1687 (Faculty
Office, 1687), and that Charles Killigrew, of
Somerset House, and Jemima, his wife, bad a son
Guilford Killigrew, a Lieutenant of Dragoons, who
died without issue 1751. As Charles, of Somerset
House, died in 1723 or 1724, it is possible that
his widow may have remarried before 1728, and
Thomas Guilford and Guilford may be one and the
same. A. T. M.

MRS. BROWNING'S BIRTHPLACE. A recent
paragraph which has gone the round of the press
states that Elizabeth Barrett Browning was born
at Ooxhoe Hall, Durham, and that this year
is the ninetieth anniversary of her birth, accord-
ing to which she was born in 1806. In the
'Dictionary of National Biography' it is stated
that she was born at Burn HalJ, Durham, 6 March,
1809. Which of these statements is correct ?

R. D.

fin hig 'Critical Kit-Rats,' Mr. Gosse takes it for
granted that 6 March, 1806, is correct; but adds, " The
crux seems still unsettled."]

MILKMAIDS IN PICTURES. Are there any
known instances of a milkmaid being depicted
on the proper side of a cow ? The milker ought
to sit with her right hand towards the cow's head,
but in pictures she is invariably shown (so far as
my observation goes) on the other, that is to say,
on the wrong side. C. C. B.

BISHOP LLOYD'S PALACE, WATERGATE STREET,
CHESTER. There are two houses in Watergate
Street, Chester, which formerly were the residence
or palace of Dr. George Lloyd, Bishop of Chester,
who died in 1615. They are well known from
their being profusely decorated with carved panel
work, consisting of elaborately chiselled coats of
arms and illustrations of Bible texts. Bishop
Lloyd has numerous descendants in America, and
many of them would be glad to have some resi-
dent of Chester or its vicinity, who has the neces-
sary knowledge of heraldry, publish in 'N. & Q.'
a correct heraldic description of the various
arms depicted by these carvings, together with
such notes as to the families to which they belong,
and the connexion of the bishop therewith, as he
may be able to furnish without spending too much
time upon it. A correct heraldic description is
the principal thing desired. Descriptions of these
carvings have been published in Hemmingway's
'Chester,' vol. ii. p. 4, and more recently in
Crickmore's 'Old Cheater,' p. 11 ; but these are
of no use to the genealogist, not being in heraldic
language. Bishop Lloyd traced the descent from
the Princes of Wales and Britain through the

136

NOTES AND QUERIES. t*s.x.Au 9 .i6.i.

house of Tudor and Eduyved Vychan. See the
pedigree in Burke's 'Royal Families of England,'
&c., vol. i. p. xxxiv. E. A. H.

THE LOLLARDS OP KYLE. In a well-known
passage of his ' History of the Reformation,' i. p. 7,
of Laing's edition, Knox mentions the prosecu-
tion of the Lollards of Kyle by Robert Blackader,
Archbishop of Glasgow, before James IV. and his
Great Council in the year 1494, and gives as his
authority the register of Glasgow, probably
meaning the books of the official, not now known
to be extant. Knox says their number was
thirty, "some in Kyle Stewart, some in King's
Kyle, and some in Cunningham "; amongst whom
he names George Campbell of Cessnock, Adam
Reid of Barskymming, John Campbell of New-
mills, Andrew Shaw of Polkemmock, Helen
Chalmers, Lady Polkelly, Marian Chalmers, and
Lady Stair. Can any of your readers inform me
of any authority, contemporary or nearly con-
temporary to 1494, for the origin or existence
of these Lollards of Kyle ; of any MSS. or
traditions in the families of descendants of the
persons named relating to the Lollards of Kyle ?
Can any of your readers supply any of the
missing links in the following genealogy ?

Murdoch Nisbet, supposed to be one of the
Lollards of Kyle, who went abroad to escape per
sedition before 1500, but afterwards returned, and
is believed to have died in Ayrshire, probably in
the parish of Loudoun, ancestor of

James Nisbet, of Hardhill, in the parish of
Loudoun, who probably died about 1650. His son
John Nisbet, of Hardhill, the well-known
Covenanter. Born 1627. Executed at the Grass-
market, 4 December, 1685. His life is given in
Howie's 'Soots Worthies' and in Dict. Nat.
Biog.' His son

James Nisbet, of Hardhill, a Covenanter, and
afterwards sergeant in the Cameronian Regiment,
Born 1667. Survived until 1724. His life, written
by himself, was published in Edinburgh, in 1827
by William Oliphant, under the title 'Private Lif<
of the Persecuted ; or, Memoirs of the First
Years of James Nisbet, one of the Scottish
Covenanters.'

M. J. G. MACKAY, Sheriff of Fife.

DESPENCER PEDIGREE. Who was the mothe
of Edward, fifth Lord Despencer ? The peerage
say he was son of Edward Despencer by Anne
daughter of Henry, Lord Ferrers of Groby ; bu
this cannot be correct. Henry, Lord Ferrers o
Groby (b. 1303, d. 1343), married Isabel, the post
humous daughter of Theobald, Lord Verdon, b
Elizabeth, widow of John de Burgh, Earl o
Ulster. Theobald Verdon died in 1316, which
therefore, is the earliest possible date of Isabel'
birth. She married Henry, Lord Ferrers, abou
1331 ; her daughter Anne, even if born in tha

ear (1331), would have been only five years old
rhen Edward Despencer, the fifth lord and her
lleged son, was born (1336), which, as Euclid
emarks, " is absurd." Though the peerages
tate that Edward Despencer, father of Edward,
he fifth lord, married Anne, daughter of Henry,
iord Ferrers, no such daughter is attributed to
im in the account of the Ferrers peerage.

C. M. TENISON,

THE BISHOPRIC OF LONDON. The ancient
monastic houses held the larger portion of their
ands by the system of tenure known as tenure
n frankalmoigne. The nature of their office
absolved them from all secular burdens bar the
rinoda necessitous. Can any reader inform me
whether the manors of the Bishop of London were
o held? One of the three burdens that of
ceeping bridges in repair the bishop certainly
had to bear. CHAS. JAS. FERET.

49, Edith Road, West Kensington.

SEYMOUR AND STRETCHLEY FAMILIES. Can
any of your readers give me information relative
;o the above families ? Richard Seymour married
Mary Stretohley at Plympton St. Mary, Devon,
in 1626, but it does not follow that the
same Richard was son of Sir Edward Seymour,
first baronet, and brother of the second Sir
Edward, who is said to have expended upwards
of 20,OOOZ. on Berry Pomeroy Castle, and who
married Dorothy, daughter of Sir Henry Kille-
grew. The family of Stretchley, or Stretohleigb,
resided at Ermington, in the same county, and in
the parish church there is a tomb and brass to
their memory. They built the north chancel aisle,
as it bears their name. I find the name of
Stretchley in Ottery St. Mary, temp. James I.,
and in London, a citizen and salter, 1663, and in
Exeter, 1706, a Richard Stretchley, a vintner.
What I desire to have proof of is whether the
above Richard Seymour, who married Mary
Stretchley in 1626, is the son of the first baronet.

W. F. NOBLE.

88, Eosendale Road, Dulwicb, S.E.

"0(JR INCOMPARABLE LlTDRGY." I find this

phrase in a visitation discourse by Bishop Sprat,
of Rochester, delivered in 1695, and published in
1696. Was he the inventor of it ?

RICHARD H. THORNTON.
Portland, Oregon.

"BBVELLER'S BOY." A witness at a recent
inquest described himself as "a beveller's boy."
He was working with his father on a barge on
the Thames. What is " a beveller " ?

Can any one inform me of the title and pub-
lisher of a dictionary of trade terms ? I heard of
such a book some years ago. W. D. PARISH.

[Refer to Admiral Smyth's 'Sailor's Word-Book,'
which suggests the explanation. See also ' N. E. D.']

8"'S. X, Auo. 15, '96.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

137

MIRACULOUS STATUES, &c., TEMP. HENRY VIII.
Where can I find historical information and
documents on the miraculous statues, crosses, and
reliquaries (chiefly the vial at Hales and the cross
at Boxley), which were destroyed in England
during the reign of Henry VIII.?

H. GAIDOX.

22, Rue Servandoni, Paris.

COINAGE. I shall be glad if any numismatist
will inform me whether shillings bearing Her
Majesty's head were coined in 1837, and if
hillings were issued in 1847. Also date of first
florin, and whether they have been coined con-
tinuously since that time, or what years have been
passed over. J. T.

Beckenham.

PORTRAIT OP STAFF-SURGEON W. W. WYNNE.
Having a portrait by Opie of the above, who
was with Lord Wellington during the Peninsular
War, also a number of letters, private and official,
from headquarters, I should be glad to know who
are his present representatives. W. B. M.

Yewtree Farm, Boughton Aluph.

[See 8"> S. ix, 207.]

RECORDS. I should feel grateful for reference
to any trustworthy source naming records that
link our old families of the Norman period with
their foreign originals. A writer (MR. A. 8.
ELLIS) gave an account of this kind of the Glouces-
tershire Domesday tenants some twenty years ago,
but I have been unable to trace him to inquire for
his sources, and I have been unable to find in
other and subsequent writers anything of the
absolute kind I seek embracing other counties.

DILIGENT.

[MR. A, S. ELLIS is still, happily, a contributor to our
pages.]

SIR ROBERT VINER. Can you say during
what years in the seventeenth century Sir Robert
Viner was Lord Mayor of London ?

F. 0. H.

" TUSSURIA." Arnauld Oihenart, in a note on
the two hundred and eighth of his * Basque Pro-
verbs ' (p. 33 in the Bordeaux edition of 1847),
says, " They used to call the devil Tussuria in old
Basque, and this word is still used in Soule." His
book appeared in 1657 at Paris. Is any informa-
tion about the name Tussuria to be found in any
book on demonology ? Tus might be from deuce
*=diabolus. Suna = the white.

PALAMEDES.

PYE-HOUSE. Remains still exist at Harrow-on-
the-Hill of an old house which a century ago was
known as the pye-house. Can any of your readers
tell me where else such a name is found, and
what is there its origin, if known ?

W. PONE BUSHELL.

Jftftf*

FRENCH PRISONERS OF WAR IN ENGLAND.
(8 th S. ix. 289, 355, 497 ; x. 64.)

I should like heartily to emphasize the queries
of J. F. (8* h S, ix. 497) a propos of the French
prisoners of war in England Where should one
apply for registered particulars concerning them,
their names, ages, and duration of imprisonment ?
But I would by no means limit the investigation,
as he does, to the prisoners made during the war
with Buonaparte, there being many interesting
references to be gleaned in various quarters con-
cerning captives taken in earlier struggles and
interned in this country.

In connexion, for instance, with my own town
of Launceston, I find that in 1756 two French
prisoners of war on parole in that town deserted
from the place, and a reward of two guineas
was offered for their apprehension, they being
thus described in an advertisement in the con-
temporary Western Flying Post; or, Sherbome
and Yeovil Mercury, and General Advertiser :

" One, Mons. Barbier, a short Man, somewhat pock-
marked and haa a very dejected look, and wore a snuff-
coloured coat the other, Mona. Beth, a middle-sized
man, very strong set, wore his own hair, and a blue
Coat. The former speaks no English, but the latter,
very well. They were both last seen near Exeter, riding
to that City."

Three years later record is to be found of another
French prisoner on parole at Launceston, for there
are among the British Museum Additional MSS.
(28,233, S. 112, 126) letters from a D. Tonkin, of
Plymouth, concerning such a captive. The first,
dated 4 May, 1759, informs "John Rowe, Esq.,
at the Bull and Gate, Holbourne," London, in
reply to a question, that

"the Chevr. de Fire late officer of the Mignone ii
on parole at Launceston in Cornwall. He received a
slight wound in the leg in the engagement, but is now
quite cured. You may depend Sir be shall be used with
all the civilities imaginable, both in regard to his family
and to your recommendation."

On 15 May Tonkin wrote to " J. Caryll, Esq.,
at Ladyholt, in Sussex":

" I have received the favour of yours of the 9th Inst.
and have the pleasure to acquaint you that Mons. Fire
embark'd from this port [Plymouth] for France the
10th Inst. and as we have had fine weather ever since

I make no doubt but that he is safe arrived You may

depend Sir, if he had not been gone I would have
advanced him what money he wanted. He had all the
civilities imaginable shewn him here and seem'd to have
money at will."

Fire* would thus appear to have been a French
officer of some consequence, and particulars regard-
ing him would be of interest.

In 1762 Sir Richard Adams, a Baron of the
Exchequer, wrote on 20 March from Launceston,
where he was taking the Lent Assize, to th.e $arj

138

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[8 8.X. AUG. 15, '96.

of Bute, requesting the Prime Minister to lay
before the King the case of Pierre Michel, a
prisoner of war, confined at Topsham, Devonshire,
who had been condemned before him at Exeter
for the murder of one of his fellow prisoners. The
judge had respited Michel until 16 April, not, as
he explained to Bute, because of any doubt as to
his guilt, but that there might be sufficient time
to lay the case before the King, the criminal being
one of his prisoners of war. Bute replied on
2 April, stating that be had submitted the matter
to George III., who approved of the judge's caution
in respiting the prisoner until the royal pleasure
should be made known. It appeared on con-
sideration, however, that there was no reason to
be dissatisfied with the verdict ; and that, as the
murder was committed deliberately upon an un-
armed man, without the least circumstance to
lessen the guilt, the sentence was to be carried
out which doubtless it was.

Passing on to the period of the Napoleonic
wars, it is to be found that Pierre de Bomfort,
also known as Pierre la Koche, a French prisoner
of war, was condemned at Launceston for forgery,
and hanged at Bodmin on 13 April, 1812. He
gave occasion for a poem by Tobias Martin, " De
Bomfort's Soliloquy. Supposed to be spoken on
the day previous to his execution "; and the fol-
lowing extract concerning him is from the Bodmin
Prison Begister :

"No. 1,465, 25 Mar. 1812. Pierre Frangoia Xavier
La Roche a French prisoner. For having forged and
made a two note purporting to be of the Bank of Eng-
land. Lent Assizes 1812. Death. Executed Monday
13th Apr. behaved very penitent, was duly attended to
the last moment by revd. Mr. Lefoss, a catholic priest
residing at Lanhearne. Five feet seven high, aged 24,
grey eyes, thin face, slight grown, dark complexion,
black hair."

A more pleasing record of the French prisoners
of war is furnished in a memoir of Mr. William
Pearse, of Launceston, published in the Wesleyan
Methodist Magazine for October, 1844. It was
therein said :

"The charity that dwelt in Mr. Pearge's heart was
not to be restricted by country or nation. On man in
destitution or in distress, however nationally known, it
poured its blessings. The miseries of horrid war had
sent many officers, &c., aa prisoners on their parole, to
Launceston. The more aged of these were of the Church
of Rome ; the younger part were, generally, the disciples
of Voltaire. Mr. Pearse deeply sympathized with those
unhappy captives, and sought their highest good.
Whether they were men of western or central Europe,
he procured tracts in their different languages, and gave
them for their religious instruction : he also relieved the
necessities of those who were in distress. Many of these
gentlemen professed to be very thankful for these atten-
tions, and some attended regularly the public worship
of Almighty Qod. It deserves notice, that one of these
prisoners (who, at the general peace, returned to his
home) at length came back to Launceston, lived in the
service of the Trustees of the Wesleyan chapel, and has
found a grave among their dead."

In connexion with this last episode, I would
recall an answer given by MR. B. BOBBINS in
' N. & Q.,' 8 ttt S. v. 34, to a query regarding the
English use of the word morbleu :

"I can remember sixty and more yeara ago at
Launceston the expression being used, if a boy were
whipped, that he 'sang out "Morbleu"'; and it has
frequently been employed in iuy hearing since. The
idea 1 had was that it was a relic of the time when
French prisoners of war, and especially officers on parole,
were detained at Launceston, as they were at the
beginning of the century. The officers were boarded
with private families in the town ; and 1 recollect well
that one of the privates continued to live in the place
even after peace was concluded, and ended his days as
caretaker of the local Wesleyan chapel."

I myself have had many a conversation with an
aged lady, now deceased, who as a girl was taught
French by an officer on parole who lived at the
house of her father, a leading trader of Launceston ;
and it may be that others of your readers have
had a similar experience in divers parts of the
country where the French war captives were
detained, ALFRED F. BOBBINS.

"BRUCOLAQUES" (8> S. ix. 9, 55, 254). I read
MR. BOUCHIER'S note with interest, but without
being at that time able to find any clue to the
meaning of the word. Quite recently, however,
in glancing over M. Jules Bois's novel ( La
Douleur d' Aimer' (P. Ollendorff, Paris, 1896),
my eye lighted upon the following passage :

" Insense, dit-il, calui qui peut croire que la mort
termine 1'abominable destin. Memo au tombeau, on ne
lui echappe pas. Quelques-uns ont soulev6 la pierre du
sepulchre, pour continuer leur mission de massacre et de
viol ; il en est pour qui la paix tumulaire ne fut que le
commencement d'une guerre nouvelle. Ignorea-tu qu'il
exiete des brucolaques et dea incubes ? "

This passage at once led me to infer that the word
had much the meaning of vampire, and I was con-
firmed in my inference by the illustrative tale
which follows, and in which the hero, an old man,
becomes much more active after his death than he
had been before. Indeed, his misdeeds ultimately
lead to his being discovered in his grave in a much
improved condition, and a stake is run through
his body as being that of a vampire. This, and
not brucolaque, is the word then used, and it had
already more than once occurred in the course of
the recital.

Something now led me to suspect that the word
might be derived from Mod. Greek, and in
Schmidt's ' Mod. Gr. and Germ. Diet/ (Leipzig,
1825) I found " BovpKoAa/ocas, der Vampyr."*
Bov/o/ca (also marked with a t) is also there
"der Kotb, Schlamm " (dirt, filth, mire), and
"ich besudele." As for the second

* The word is marked with a f> which signifies
(according to the preface) that the word is a neologism,
and may be either of foreign origin or derived from
Angient Greek, with some change of meaning.

S. X. Auo. 18, '98.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

139

half of the word, Aa/c/cas, it seems to have to do
with AaKKos = u der Graben ; die Gruhe " (ditch,
pit), which is Old as well as Mod. Greek. BovpKa
is not to be found in 0. Gr., but is given (as also
/^oupKos) by Ducange in his ' Diet.' (of Middle
and Low Greek), and so is ftovpKwvtiv (which,
he says, is "pro povpKOVv"), though with the
meaning of u in cieno volutare " only. But Du-
cange does not give the compound word.

BoupKoAaKK-as may, therefore, perhaps mean
literally "one who soils or defiles a grave"; but a
vampire does not break into other persons' graves.
He breaks out of his own grave, and can be said
to pollute it only by using it as a lair after in-
dulging in his bestial orgies.

Bat how did this Mod. Gr. word (if it is wholly
Greek) find its way into French ? And if for the
French it has no other meaning than vampire,
why do they sometimes use it instead of vampire ;
and why was the word introduced at all ? And,
once introduced, why did it not find its way into
French dictionaries ? At all events, it is neither
in Littrt> nor in the new dictionary of Hatzfeld,
Darmeeteter, and Thomas.

I see that I have said nothing about the
transposition of the r and the following vowel in
the French form. If this was taken directly from
the Greek word, it should have been either
burcolaque or bourcolaque.

Since writing the above, I have discovered that
the Abb6 Eapagnolle, in his learned but very far-
fetched work 'L'Origine du Francois,' in the
appendix to vol. i. (Paris, 1886), gives broucha as
used in B^arn = sorceress, and connects it with a
Greek word ftpvKa (a Doric form of flpvKrj), which
he quotes from Hesychius as having the meaning
of sibyl, or woman consecrated to the worship of
the gods.* And that this broucha (or broucho) is
atill so used in Be'arn is confirmed by Mistral, who
gives broucho or brouxe, and compares the Cat.
(mm and the Span, ftruja, both of which also
mean sorceress. Now a Greek word fipvKa is
evidently more like the bruco of brucolaque than
the fiovpKa of /JovpKoAaK/cas, for it does away
with the transposition spoken of in the previous
paragraph. And the meaning "grave-sorcerer,"
t. . , one who practises his magic arts in a grave,
which one might, at first sight, be tempted to give
to the new compound PpvKo\a.KKa<s, would be
exactly equivalent to vampire. But I am much
afraid that as, in this case, each part of the com-
pound word would be a substantive, and the second,

* The Abbe's eccentric theory is that the peoples
whom the Romans found in Italy, France, and Spain
were, like the Greeks, of Pelasgic origin, and that there-
fore the true basis of Italian, French, and Spanish must
be sought for in Greek, and not in Latin. He would,
>nsequently, maintain, no doubt, that the Bear-nose
broucha does not necessarily come from /3pu*a, although
the Greeks did settle in the South of France, but that
it may well be merely concurrent with it.

meaning grave, would be in the genitive, we should
have to transpose the order of the two parts, which
would give us, in French, something like lako-
bruque instead of brucolaque ! I must, therefore,
leave the matter undecided. But perhaps some
one can tell me whether fjpvKa is really to be
found in Hesychius ; and I should also like to
know which was first introduced into France
vampire or brucolaque. F. CHANCE.

Sydenham Hill.

MR. H. E. MORGAN, whose interesting noteg
appear at the last reference, has very kindly sent
me privately from St. Petersburg a great deal of
additional information with regard to this curious
subject. The following remarkable story, which is
probably true, I think is worth reproducing in
'N. *fe Q./ if the Editor can kindly make room for
it. MB. MORGAN says that it is from " Chit-Chat
of Humour, Wit, and Anecdote. With fifty
original illustrations from designs by J. McLenan.
Edited by Pierce Pungent," New York, 1847,
p. 74 :

" A German paper relates the following curious instance
of the belief of the peasantry of Hungary, Croatia, Poland,
and Turkey, in Vampires, who, according to the popular
superstition, descend into their graves with their eyes
open, and rise at dead of night to suck the blood of their
victims, leaving no trace behind except a little spot on
the neck or throat of their victim.

" A young and beautiful girl, the daughter of wealthy
peasants, had numerous suitors, from among whom she
selected one of her own station of life. The betrothal
was celebrated by a grand feast given by the bride's
father. Towards midnight the girl and her mother
retired to their chamber, leaving the guests at table.
All at once the two women were heard to shriek dread-
fully, and the moment after the mother, pale and
haggard, tottered into the room, carrying her daughter
senseless in her arms, and crying in a voice of indescrib-
able agony, ' A vampire ! a vampire ! my daughter ia
dead ! ' The village doctor happened to be among the
guests, and, believing that the girl had only fainted,
administered a cordial, which speedily restored her to
consciousness. On being questioned, she stated that,
while undressing, a pale spectre, dressed in a shroud,
glided in by the window and rushed upon her, biting her
throat. She added that she recognized him as one
Keysnewsky, a rejected suitor who died a fortnight since
[before]. The doctor in vain attempted to persuade her
[that] she was labouring under some delusion. The
next day the body of Eeysnewsky was disinterred, and
twenty guns were fired at its skull, which, being shattered
to fragments, was, amidst yells and dances, burnt to
ashes [see the quotation from Larousse, 8"> S. ix. 254].
The girl, however, died within the fortnight, persisting
to the last that she had been bitten by a vampire, though
she would not suffer the wound to be examined. After
lier death the doctor took off the bandages from her
neck and discovered a small wound, which had the
appearance of having been made by a harness-maker's
awl poisoned. The doctor then learned that one of
the poor girl's rejected suitors was a harness-maker of
an adjacent village, and he did not doubt that it was he
who stabbed the hapless bride. He gave information to
:he authorities, but the young man, hearing that he was
X) be arrested, fled to the mountains, and committed
suicide by plunging into a cataract. Nothing like an

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[8> S, X. AUG. 15, '96.

incredulous doctor for converting a spirit into flesh and
blood."

MR. MORGAN has very kindly supplemented his
notes with a number of the Russian magazine the
yiva, which he tells me means "Corn-field, 71
containing, amongst many excellent illustrations,
an engraving of Max Kahn's picture 'The Vampire,'
exhibited in the Berlin Art Exhibition, 1895.
This particular brucolaque, except for a decidedly
evil expression, particularly about his (or her)
mouth, is, I think, good-looking rather than other-
wise. MR. MORGAN says, in his letter to me, that
this

" painting attracted much attention It represents a

young artist stretched on his pallet, while a vampire or
blood-sucking fiend has cast itself upon him, and gloat-
ingly claws his brain and heart. This of course is an
allegory, the vampire, in the present case, being Art,
which is represented as draining the brain-power and
life-blood of its too ardent devotees. A striking image."

If the letterpress of the Niva (which, being in
Buss, I am unable to read) is as good as the
illustrations, this magazine is a credit to the land
of the Tsar. JONATHAN BOUCHIER.

Jxoploy, Alresford.

M.P. for the City ; but " from misfortunes in
commerce" became bankrupt, resigned his alder-
manic gown in 1765, and was elected Chamberlain,
In 1776, having paid all his debts with interest, he
retired from office, and died the following year.

The manufacture probably ceased in 1756, when,
in consequence of Mr. Janssen's bankruptcy, the
furniture, stock, and utensils in trade, &c., were,
according to the following advertisement in the
Daily Advertiser of 7 June, 1756, sold by public
auction, on the premises, by order of the assignees :
To be Sold by Auction, By Order of the Assignees,
this [7 June, 1756] and the following Days, at York-
Place at Battersea in Surry, The Houshold Furniture
and entire Stock, of Stephen Theodore Janssen, Esq. ;
consisting of a great Variety of beautiful enamell'd Pic-
tures, Snuff-Boxes, Watch-Cases. Bottle Tickets, &c.,
great Variety of blank Enamels of various Sizes, Copper
Frames for mounting the unfinish'd Enamels, with all
the Utensils. &c., belonging to the Manufactory; also
a great Number of Copper- Plates, beautifully engrav'd
by the best Hands; some hundred Dozens of Stone
Plates and Dutch Tiles, painted and plain, with many
other Particulars specified in the Catalogues, which are
deliver'd at the House, and by T. Humphrys, Uphol-
sterer, in St. Paul's Church- Yard ; and by Mr. Chesson,
Upholsterer, in Fenchurch-Street. The Place is most

At the last reference MR. MORGAN explains the

^u . \ / %a A f t . I UJ1U XXJill/9 UUIUlIli; UU tW L1JD J.AV7UOG, tVlllVsiA UMIEJ WW> <

Greek expression XVKOV tow as meaning " to see up at a very gre * t Expence, with every Conveniency

the wolf, to be struck dumb with terror." He | carrying on the said Manufactory, which, if any Pei

has omitted to add one important particular.

According to the vulgar belief, the dumbness was

caused by tbe woli's having seen you before you

saw him. Virgil alludes to this in 'Eel,' ix

11. 53, 54 :

Vox quoque Moerim
lam fugit ipsa ; lupi Moerim videre priores.

In Theocritus, however (xiv. 22), we have : 01
(frOty^rj ; XVKOV ciScs, where there is no mention
of priority in seeing. Will MR. JONATHAN
BOUCHIER pardon me for pointing out that he has
made four mistakes in his reference to the c Northern
Farmer'? "Thurnaby" should be "Thornaby/
and the line quoted by him should be

But I stubb'd un oop wi' the lot, an ; ra'aved an' rembled
vn oot.

F. C. BIRKBECK TERRY.

CHELSEA ENAMEL (8 th S. ix. 408, 471). There
was no such thing as Chelsea enamel, and the
reference must be to the ware known as Battersea
enamel, which has the appearance of porcelain,
and was made chiefly in small articles, such as
snuff-boxes, watch-cases, bottle tickets, &c. , of
copper covered with a white enamel, having some
painted or printed decoration in colour thereon,
similar to that previously produced at Canton, in
China. It was manufactured at York Place,
Battersea, in Surrey, by Stephen Theodore Janssen
(afterwards a baronet), about the middle of the last
century. He appears to have been a citizen and
stationer of London, Sheriff of same 1749, and

for

Person

should "think of continuing, they may be treated with
by the Assignees before the Day of Sale."

The "Stone Plates" and "Dutch Tiles" men-
tioned above were probably not made at Battersea,
but imported by Janssen from Holland.

W. I. R. V.

THE WEEPING INFANT (8 th S. ix. 484). To
the KEV. ED. MARSHALL'S note may be added
the following passage from Cicero's (?) * Consolatio,'
cap. ix. :

Nasci vero, non intelligo, quibus expediat. Nam in
aerumnas miseriasque ingredientes quid gratum, quid
hilare aspicimus? qua re potiua non offendimur] quod
primus ille nascentium infantium vagitus et eiulatua
satis deolarat."

F. C. BIRKBECK TERRY.

I have missed my ' N. & Q.' for several weeks,
en voyage, and do not know if any one has quoted,
in reference to this, the beautiful lines from the
Gulistan of Shaikh Sa'di ':
On parent knees, a naked new-born child,
Weeping thou sat'st, while all around thee smiled.
So live, that sinking in thy last long sleep,
Calm thou mayst smile, while all around thee weep.
By whom is this translation, by the way ? I should
be glad to know.

OSWALD HUNTER BLAIR, O.S.B.
Olinda, Brazil.

A JOKE OF SHERIDAN (8 th S. x. 29, 96). I
strongly suspect that this is an indifferent version
of a real "mot" of Sheridan which I have read

Lord Mayor 1754, Alderman of Bread Street, and in some life or notice of Sheridan's, though I

8-B.X.Ato.l5,'96.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

141

cannot give the reference for which my excuse i
that I am in my ninety-second year and canno
hunt up indexes. Sheridan, in answering a mem
ber of the house, said, "The hon. member i
indebted to his imagination for his facts and t
his memory for his wit." A sheet of paper wa
found in his rooms on which he had written thi
idea in seven or eight ways before he fixed on tha
which was most incisive.

JOHN CARRICK MOORE.

"LITTLE WALES": "LITTLE IRELAND," &c
(8 th S. ix. 426). The name "Little London "is
I fancy, given to small, insignificant places in irony
There is an "odd place " so called in the parish o
Hickling, Nottinghamshire, and I have heard o
others. C. 0. B.

There is the parish of "Little London" with
Brill in Bucks, and hamlets of that name in the
parishes of Berden, near Walden, Essex ; also
Findingham and Freshwell, Essex ; Willenhall
Staffordshire ; Scarsdale, Derbyshire ; and Sky
rack, Yorks. " Scotland " is a hamlet of the parish
of Jngoldsby, Lincolnshire. " New England " is a
hamlet of Dogsthorpe, Northampton.

J. BDRHAM S AFFORD.

It is an accepted tradition that Queen Elizabeth
bestowed the title of "Little London" upon the
town of Winchelsea ; and, lest Eye should be
jealous, called that place "Rye Royal."

EDWARD H. MARSHALL, M.A,

Hastings.

In Chiohester there is a street known as the
11 Little London." E. E. STREET.

Cbichester.

There is a " Little London " in Leeds.

H. T.

"As PLAIN AS A PIKE-STAFF" (8 th S. ix. 346).
It was a droll idea to suggest that this phrase was
due to a writer in 1691. Its first appearance in
literature was a century and a half earlier, so far
as I know. It occurs in Becon's writings, " plaine
as a pack-staffe" (invariably the early form),
Parker Society, p. 276, circa 1540. See Oliphant's
New English.' The expression, is used in Hall's
' Satires,' " packstaffe plaine," iii. prol. 1598 ;
Marston, 'Scourge of Villainy/ II. v. 1598;
Middleton, ' Family of Love,' V. iii. 1607 ;
Dekker, 'Witch of Edmonton,' II. i. 1621;
MabbcB, Aleman's Guzman de Alfarache,' i. 234
(ed. 1634), 1621; 'Merry Drollery,' Ebsworth
reprint, p. 228, 1661 ; "as plain as a pike staff
without guilding," Cotton, 'Virgil Travestie,' 1664.
This appears to be nearly the first pike instance ;
but Dry den knew better, and has "as plain as a
packataff," Amphitryon,' III. i., 1690. These are
all ante 1691. The packstaff was that on which
the pedlar carried his pack.

H. CHICHESTER HART.

EARLY LUCIFER MATCHES (8" S. x, 72).
Your correspondent says, "It seems almost un-
accountable that so little notice has been taken of
the first stages in the development of these useful
articles." It seems almost unaccountable that such
a sentence as the above should be written
nowadays, when the history of the lucifer match
is almost as well known as a City omnibus. In
vol. iv. of this series, p. 70, the more important
steps of this invention are enumerated, not for-
getting Heurtner's " Euperion," as, spelt in this
way, it formed part of the mural literature of
London, the incentive to its use being " to save
your knuckles, time, and trouble."

0. TOMLINSON.

About the early history of lucifer matches there
is much information, pleasantly told, in Dr.
0. Meynott Tidy's little book ' The Story of a
Tinder-Box'(S,P.C.K.).

EDWARD H. MARSHALL, M.A.

Hastingg.

I have four of these early matches, which were
found a few years ago in the fireplace cupboard
of one of the oldest cottages in Worksop. They
are each four inches and three-quarters long, a
little over a quarter of an inch wide rough cut
splinters of pine wood, each end slightly tapered,
and both ends brimstone dipped.

THOS. RATCLIFFB.

Worksop.

THE GRACE DARLING MONUMENT (8 th S. ix.
486 ; x. 53, 118). The fact of Mrs. Sharp, of Close
Hall, Barnstaple, having defrayed the expense of
this monument suggests the note that at St.
Thomas's Church, Exeter (where General Gordon's
grandparents lie interred), there is a cenotaph to
jrrace Darling's memory. It stands against the
outer wall on the north side. HARRY HEMS.
Schiermonnikoog.

LORD JOHN RUSSELL (8 tb S. ix. 506 ; x. 84).
[n the ' Keepsake ' of 1832 is a short set of verses
>y Lord John Russell ; the subject being ' London
n September, not 1831.' D. R.

GRAY OR GREY (8" 1 S. x. 49, 102). Both
prma were used on either side of the Border
luring the fourteenth, fifteenth, and sixteenth
:enturies, as the records show. So late as 1584-94
Sir Thomas Grey, of Chillingham, and his brother?,
lalpb, of Horton, and Edward, of Morpeth,
igned their names as Gray ( ( Border Papers ') ; and
hirty years earlier Patrick, Lord Gray, was styled
' of Scotland," to distinguish him from Lord
Jrey of Wilton, Governor of Berwick ('State
apers').

As SIR HERBERT MAXWELL says, the ' Scala-
ronica' is "a fascinating and too little known
ork." It tells many things in Scottish history
not generally known." The late Father Steven-

142

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[8 S. X. AUG. 15, '96.

son edited it in 1836 (Maitland Club). Even in
print it is stiff reading, and better known by
Leland's abstracts, though these often fall short of
the original. The MS. is in the library of Corpus,
Cambridge, but part, containing A.D. 1342 to 1355,
has been lost since Leland's time. That Sir Thomas
Gray, an active Border warrior, more used to handle
the lance than the pen, could himself write such a
work while in prison for a few months in 1355, is
! questionable. More likely he dictated it to a
clerk at a later period, for his last notice of
Scottish events is dated 1363 (p. 203). He was

_living in 1372, and doubtless was recalling the inci-
dents of his father's and his own busy careers. The
style of the MS. would guide an expert to its
writer. I have never seen it, though the late

librarian of Corpus invited me to do so.

JOSEPH BAIN.
Heathfield, Wandsworth Common.

I have noticed, both in my own custom and in
that of others, that when gray hoary in men and
things it is spelt gray ; when it merely denotes
colour, as a grey horse or a grey cloak, it is spelt
grey. E. LEATON-BLENKINSOPP.

TRANSLATION (8 tb S. ix. 484; x. 100). I am
thankful to MR. BIRKBECK TERRY for pointing
out the error in my quotation. I quoted from
memory, so there is no question of Longfellow's
Latinity. I must have written the very imperfect
perfect as it stood ; or, even if a more favourable
view be taken, I omitted to correct it in the
proof. I will not reserve my defence, as I have
none to offer. I simply plead guilty, and can only
rejoice that the laws are not so severe as they
were in the days of Patrick Stuart, Earl of
Orkney, referred to in the same number of
4 N. & Q.' J. FOSTER PALMER.

" MAC" AND "Me" (8* S. ix. 508 ; x. 98).
The statement that MacMahon is usually pro-
nounced MacMahoon and McMahon MicMahoon
in co. Limerick is as new to me as it is to MR.
PLATT, though I have lived in that county over
twenty years and am personally acquainted with
several MacMahons and McMahons. It is only
in a district like Limerick, where the Gaelic has
almost entirely disappeared, that such a notion
could have arisen. It is true that a rapid or care-
less speaker might appear to sound the Me, which
is invariably understood to stand for Mao, like
Mic, but it would not be intentional. MacMahon
means the son of Mahon ; MioMahon, of the son of
Mahon ; MacMicMahon one could understand
being the grandson, or literally son of the son of
Mahon ; but Mic alone before an Irish surname is,
in its way, as ridiculous as the redundant de with
which the French MacMahons have graced (?)
their ancient patronymic. As for the accentuation
of the last syllable of Mahon (perhaps it would

be more in accordance with the fitness of things
bad I said the posterior syllable), the MacMahons
when dropping the Gaelic spelling took that
opportunity to throw forward the accent, and how*
ever nearly MacMahoon may resemble the Gaelic,
the modern or English equivalent is never pro-
nounced in that manner unless by way of a rude
jest or as an intentional discourtesy.

BREASAIL.

SAMUEL PEPYS (8 th S. ix. 307, 489 ; x. 33, 96).
In the portrait of Pepys painted by Hales, the
song of which Pepys was so proud is introduced.
On 17 March, 1666, he paid Hales Ul for the
picture and 2,5s. for the frame. " He promises it
shall be as good as my wife's, and I sit to have it
full of shadows, and do almost break my neck
looking over my shoulder to make the posture for
him to work by." On 30 March Pepys went to
Hales and sat in the Indian gown he had hired to
be painted in. On 11 April the 'Diary' tells,
"To Hales, where there was nothing found to be
done more to my picture but the musique, which
now pleases me mightily, it being painted true."

The picture showed him " full of shadows," the
head well turned over the shoulder, dressed in the
hired Indian gown, holding in his hand the music
the notes of which were painted true, and the
words 'Beauty Retire' distinct as the heading.
It was sold at Messrs. Christie's on 23 May, 1848,
as "The Portrait of a Musician," and brought
2Z. 10s. It was (with other pictures of Pepys,
some by Kneller) sold at the end of a china sale
and the company had gone. Will Hewer, so often
mentioned in the * Diary,' only fetched five guineas,
Pepys, by Kneller, ten and a half guineas; the
three-quarter portrait of James II., for which he
was sitting to Kneller when he was told the Prince
of Orange had landed, was knocked down for nine
guineas.

There is no one familiar with the quaint ' Diary '
of Pepys but must wish he could hear the song
that Pepys pestered all his friends to sing. Pic-
ture and song would be welcome.

HILDA GAMUN.

Camden Lawn, Birkenbead.

WESTMINSTER ABBEY (8 th S. x. 92). I am
very glad to be able to answer the query of your
correspondent MR. KALPH THOMAS as to the date
when what he truly calls u that unsightly hoarding "
at the north-east corner of the Abbey was first
put up. It stood there for about twelve years to
the day, for it was erected in July, 1884, and was
removed in July, 1896, my authority being Mr.
Wright, the respected Clerk of the Works to the
Dean and Chapter. ^ I may remark that, although
" the nineteenth century Londoner " may be <l a
long-suffering being," the work carried on behind
the hoarding just cleared away was of a most
extensive character, and very heavy in detail, aa

8<" 8. X. Aoo. 15, '96.)

NOTES AND QUERIES.

143

the restorations made in late years bear testimony
so that perhaps pardon may now be granted i
consideration of the magnificent results achieved
When first pat up the enclosure was not so larg
as of late years, as it extended only so far as th
trees, the enlarged area being made about fou
years afterwards. One result of the clearance i
to expose an old doorway for many years blockei
up in the east wall of St. Andrew's Chapel
opening on to the green. Much of the old worl
happily remains, and such as is new is don
entirely upon the old lines. My old friend Mr
Wright says and if any one knows he is th
one that there is satisfactory evidence that thi
doorway is of the time of Henry III., about 1240
and that probably the king had passed through i
many times when engaged upon the work o
rebuilding the Abbey, which the late Mr. Streei
BO justly called " the most lovely and lovable
thing in Christendom."

W. E. HARLAND-OXLEY,
14, late 20, Artillery Buildings, Victoria Street, S.W.

BLESSISQ THE FISHERIES (8 th S. x. 74).
Bishop Wilson, Sodor and Man, prepared a form
of prayer for fishermen to use before setting out to
fish. I do not know whether the form be in use
by the Manx fishermen now, or whether it has
dropped out of use with so many other good old
customs. E. LEATON-BLENKINSOPP.

The phrase inserted in the Litany in the Isle of
Man, as I have heard it, is " the harvest of the
sea." C. C. B.

POLE'S MS. OF CHARTERS (8 tt S. ix. 407, 475).
In Mr. J. Brooking Howe's Presidential Ad-
dress to the Members of the Devonshire Associa-
tion in 1882, the following are included amongst
the MSS. of Sir W. Pole in the Library, Shute
House, Devonshire :

" XXII. Large folio volume, containing copies of
Deeds, Charters, and Grants, with coats of arms, &c.

"XXIII. A thick folio volume, containing Charters
and Grants to the Abbey of Tor, &c." Trans., xiv. 75.

T. N. BRUSHFIELD, M.D.
Salterton, Devon.

NORMAN ROLL AT DIVES (8 111 S. ix. 467 ; x. 103).
B. S. asks, Who was St. Clair ? a question
difficult to answer in a few words, inasmuch as at
least seven or eight saints of the name are honoured
in the Catholic Church and mentioned by hagio-
logiats ; the best-known, perhaps, being Clair, first
Bishop of Nantes, sent to Gaul by Pope St.
Kutychian about A.D. 280, and Clair of Tours,
disciple of St. Martin and intimate friend of
Sulpicius Severus, who died A.D. 397, a few days
before St. Martin himself. The patron saint,
however, of the St. Glairs of Rosslyn (if, as ia pro-
bable, that family is of Norman origin), is most
likely neither of the two mentioned above, but

Clair, a humble priest, born at Rochester, who
crossed over into Gaul in the ninth century and
became famous for his virtues throughout Nor-
mandy, where he lived the life of a hermit and
died the death of a martyr in A.D. 894. St. Clair-
sur-Epte, the scene of his martyrdom, on the eastern
confines of Normandy, was the spot where a few
years later (in 911) Charles the Simple ceded
Normandy to Duke Hollo. It is still a celebrated
place of pilgrimage. There is another town called
St. Clair, near St. Lo, in the diocese of Coutances ;
and many Norman parishes are dedicated in honour
of the English hermit-martyr.

OSWALD HUNTER BLAIR, O.S.B.
Olinda, Brazil.

At the second reference THORN FIELD takes ex-
ception to my use of the word M erected " in con-
nexion with this interesting Roll at Dives. I can
only say, in reply, that I adopted Sir Bernard
Burke's expression in giving the Roll. It is to be
found in the appendix of vol. iii. of ' Vicissitudes
of Families/ p. 441, and runs as follows :

' The Roll in the Church of Dives, Normandy,' of the
companions of William, in the Conquest of England, in
1066. By M. Leopold Delisle, Member of the Institute.
Erected by the French Society of Archaeology ia
August, 1862, with permission of Mgr. Didiot, Bishop
of Bayeux," &c.

Pace THORNFIELD, it seems to me that erection
or engraving are convertible terms. The rebuke
of C. C. B. is somewhat better founded. For
1 Ed ward III." read Edward I. It was a pure
lapsus calami. In the gable of a small house
'ormed by a part of an old wall a tablet bears the
'ollowing inscription :

This fragment

Is the remains of the Building

Where King Edward the First

Held his Parliament,

A.D. 1283,
In which passed the Statute of Rhuddlan,

Securing

To the Principality of Wales
Its Judicial Rights
And Independence.

J. B. S.
Manchester.

OQNALL (8 th S. ix. 48 ; x. 14). My thanks are
ue to MR. RADCLIFFE for the interesting references

made to this name. Curiously enough, one hour
efore the number of ( N. & Q.' containing his
digestions reached me my eye caught Ugnall
n ' Ducastus Lancastrian,' in the matter which I
eg to subjoin for his consideration : " Reign of
'hillip and Mary. Robert Ugnall against Andrew
Jgnall, Geo. Holme and others. Trespass and
isturbance of a messuage or tenement called Old
Jgnall, with lands and appurtenances, at Coppull,
Lancashire" (p. 289). If MR. RADCLIFFB would
nlighten me as to how additional information

might be captured about "Old Ugnall" before

144

NOTES AND QUERIES,

. X. AUG. 15, '96.

and since the days of Philip and Mary, and its
exact location in the neighbourhood of Ooppull, he
will be doing me a further kindness. I desire to
know this simply for the purpose of establishing a
link which I fancy I see in Ognall or Ugnall.

P.S. Since writing this I find that Ognall is
a patronymic, and that it appears in Burke's
'General Armory,' edition of 1878, as follows :

"Coppull alias Ognell. See Ognell. Ognal, Per
saltire or and gu., two eagles displayed in pale of the
first. Ognell (Ognell Hall, co. Lancashire, and Bad-
degley Clinton, co. Warwick), Per saltire or and gu., two
eagles in pale of the first. Crest, a lion's head eraaed
or, guttee sa."

The same information is found in Berry's * Cyclo-
paedia of Heraldry,' 1814. May I ask, in view of
ibis, whether this particular hall, place, or estate
is still in existence ; and who owns it ? Also
if Ugnall, Ognall, or Ognell is an extinct surname?
Also whether there is any known complete printed
account of the halls and manors of Lancashire?
Seeing that this particular hall is in Ooppull a
place of some importance, I believe would the
alias as above stand to mean illegitimacy, other-
wise, or belonging to ? Making the village name
an alias to Ognell the patronymic seems queer.

TANNACHIE (8 th S. x. 7, 60, 97). Tannachie, a
local name occurring in Sutherlandshire, Banffahire,
and Elginshire, together with numerous similar
names found in Scotland and in various parts of
Ireland, I have ventured to derive from the Gaelic
tamhnach, a field. SIB HERBERT MAXWELL con-
tends that I have got hold of the wrong clue, and
that these names, all of which are now names of
places, are not locatives, but professional or official
designations, and that Tannachie is a corruption of
Mactannachie, the " Son of the bard," transferred
somehow from a man to a place. There are scores
of such names in Ireland, which it seems to me
at least more rational to refer to a stem meaning
a "field" than to a patronymic meaning " son of a
bard," especially when found in composition, as
in some cases I have already cited a place called
Tawnoghlahan being far more probably the " broad
field" than the "son of the broad bard," and
Tanaghmore being the "great field," and not the
"Son of the great bard," while Tannachie, in
Monaghan, can be more rationally explained as
the " field of the bushes" than as the "son o
the bushy bard." That the givers of these loca
names should name them after bards who were
bony, speckled, white, broad, great, little, or
overgrown with lime trees or bushes, seems tc
me an argument that they had gone clean daf
instead of remaining in possession of their senses.

ISAAC TAYLOR.

PETRUCCIO UBALDINO'S 'ACCOUNT OF ENG
LAND ' (8 th S. x. 28). Petmccio Ubaldino was t

native and citizen of Florence, born about 1524.
le was an illuminator on vellum and a teacher of
he Italian language. He arrived in London about
.547. He visited Venice in 1553, and died in
jondon about 1560. He was author of 'Vita di
arlo Magno,' 1581 (the first book printed in
Italian in England) ; ' Descrizione di Scozia,'
1588 ; ' Le Vite delle Donne Illustri del Regno
d'Inghilterra et del Regno di Scotia,' &c., 1591.
Whether this book is the same as the one men-
ioned by Q. V., with a different title, can only be
decided by comparing them. See British Museum
Catalogue, p. 1530, ref. No. 137, b. 1. If not, it
probably is the original MS.

JOHN RADCLIFFE.

Another work of this Italian historian, which I
aave before me, bears the title, " Le Vite delle
Donne Illustri del Regno d'Inghilterra e di
Scotia, 4to. London, 1691." Its preface is dedi-
cated to Queen Elizabeth. According to Didot-
Hoefer's 'Biographic G^ne'rale,' Petruccio Ubaldino
was born c. 1524 at Florence, and died c. 1600 in
London. As an illuminator of books he obtained
the protection of Henry, Earl of Arundel, and
entered the service of King Edward VI. He is
the author of the following other works : ' Vita di
Carlo Magno,' London, 1581 (said to be the first
Italian work printed in England) ; ' Descrizione di
Scozia,' Antwerp, 1588; 'Discourse concerning
the Spanish Fleet invading England and Over-
thrown,' London, 1590 ; ' Precetti Morali, Politei
ed Economic!,' London, 1592 ; ' Rime,' London,
1596. &c. H. KREBS.

Oxford.

HENRY GREY, EARL OF SUFFOLK (8 th S. x. 72).
See 8 th S. iii. 466, 499 ; iv. 44.

JOHN T. PAGE.
5, Capel Terrace, Southend-on-Sea.

PARISH CONSTABLES' STAVES (8 th S. ix. 464 ;
x. 29). There is another reference to constables'
staves of a historical character, of which there has
not yet been a notice. In Mrs. Bryan Stapleton's
' Three Oxfordshire Parishes,' for Oxf. Hist. Soc.,
1893, in the notice of Yarnton, p. 281, there
appears among the entries in the " Constable's
Book" of this parish the following : "1831. Paid
William Hill for 25 Constables' staves, U 1*.," with
this note in explanation :

" The ' Swing' riots in 1831-2 are the explanation of
this entry. The riots originated from the distress pre-
valent in agricultural districts owing to the high price
of bread and the fear among the farm labourers that the
newly invented threshing machines would further reduce
their wages."

It was not uncommon for the peaceable in-
habitants of parishes to be sworn in as special con-
stables, and to arm themselves with such "staves,"
that they might repel an attack from the disaffected
in their own or adjoining parishes. The " staves "

X.Aoo.

NOTES AND QUERIES.

145

which were for use at Yarnton are preserved. The,,
are about two feet three inches in length, paintec
of a blue colour. ED. MARSHALL.

TUB MARORAVES OF ANSPACH (8 th S. ix. 48
215 ; x. 83). R. F. S. seems to be confusing
matters. It is the Margrave of Anspach, ob
6 Jan., 1806, who is buried in the church o
Speen. The Margravine, his widow, in 18 H
retired to Naples, where she died in 1828 anc
where she was buried. The precise site of olc
Brandenbnrgh House, about which R. F. S. asks,
is now covered by Messrs. Haig's distillery. He
will see it clearly indicated on the Ordnance Sur
vey Map. The present Margravine Road and Mar-
gravine Gardens are a considerable distance from
the site of the house. CHAS. JAS. FERET.

49, Edith Road, West Kensington, W.

(8 th S. ix. 47, 112, 294, 412). I
recently, as a general reader, ventured to suggest
whether ade, in the sense of a deep field furrow,
might not be a slurred pronunciation of adit (aditus),
an approach or passage cut in mines to carry off
water. The word may have passed from coal-
miners to navigators on colliers, bargemen, and
river people generally, and so on to waterside
labourers and to farmers, and hence have been
applied to field-draining operations. Charles
Dickens uses ait in the fine opening description
(chapter i.) of 'Bleak House'; he writes: "Fog
everywhere. Fog up the river, where it flows
among green aits and meadows," &c. Can any
one decide in what sense our great novelist here
used the word 1 J. Banks, in his ' English-Russian
Dictionary' (Moscow, 1838), translates ait by a
word meaning " small island," so that ait seems a
way of spelling eyot (1 from the root which appears
in island). Dickens thus probably means green
islets, and ait is a different word from ade.

H. E, MORGAN.
St. Petersburg.

THE SCARLET HUNTING-COAT (8 th S. vi. 447).
At the above reference a question was asked as to
the date when the scarlet hunting-coat was first
worn. As I think this query failed to elicit a
reply, the following note may be of interest to the
querist :

" Red was the favourite colour for stockings and also
lor the trimmings of dresses, hut not for the dress itself,
unless it was to hunt in. The popular ' pink ' of our

>dern Bportsmen appears, therefore, to have been first
worn in France in the early part of the seventeenth
""jjj "~ PI * ncb6 ' 8 ' c 8tum e (The History),' vol. ii.

B. H. L.

JOHN DORY (8 th S. ix. 386, 457, 472). The
question of DR. MURRAY, whether the name
janitore is actually in use along the Adriatic for
the John Dory, not having been anewered yet, a
contribution to it may be timely. Eleven years ago,

revolting from the etymology given by Dr. Giinther,
I incautiously accepted the etymology of John
Dory as given by the authors mentioned by DR.
MURRAY ; but the improbability of such an origin
soon became evident on reflection. I then ex*
amined most of the catalogues of the fishes of the
Adriatic, and failed to find any reference to such
a name as janitore. The names at Venice, accord-
ing to Von Martens, Nardo, Ninni, and Faber,
were Pesce di San Pietro, Pesce San Pietro, San
Pietro, or Sanpiero ; at Trieste, according to
Plucar, Grnbe, and Perugia, Sanpietro, or San-
piero ; in Dalmatia, Fabro ; in Croatia, Petar ;
and at Spalato, Kovac. These names are also
given by Carus. By none is janitore given as a
current name. Only by Faber, in ' The Fisheries
of the Adriatic' (p. 196), is " Janitor (Latin), the
door-keeper, i.e., Saint Peter," mentioned as one
of the names (not Italian) of the Zeus faber. Under
the circumstances DR. MURRAY is probably right
in thinking that " Janitore is entirely an inven-
tion, a bogus name for tbe fish, invented to

explain the vulgar English name."

THBO. GILL.
Washington.

EARLIEST CIRCULATING LIBRARY (8 th S. ix. 447 ;
x. 99). In White's ' History of Inventions and
Discoveries' (1827) we read that
'tbe first circulating library was opened in the year
1740, by Batho. JNo. 13, Strand (one of tbe houses taken
down to form the approach to Waterloo Bridge)."

The italics are the author's, whose information
would seem to be at variance with what has pre-
viously been supplied by correspondents of ' N. & Q.'

0. P. HALE.

The following reply was given in a local 'N. & Q. 1
to a query precisely similar to that asked by C. :

"The gentlemen and ladies growing and circulating
ibrary in Crane Court, Fleet Street, consisting at present
>f many thousand volumes of valuable and entertaining
)ookc, 1745.''

RICHARD LAWSON,

Urmston.

POTATOES AS A CURE FOR RHEUMATISM (8" 1 S.
x. 248, 396, 438 ; x. 98). I cut the following
' useful recipe " from a fragment of an almanac
he title and date of which do not appear ; but its
mblication must have taken place within the last
quarter of this century :

" Bathe the parts affected with water in which potatoes

iave been boiled, as hot as can be borne, just before

joing to bed ; by the next morning the pain will be

much relieved, if not removed. One application of this

imple remedy has cured the most obstinate rheumatic

ains."

CHARLES HIGHAM.

PROVERB (8 lb S. ix. 509). Your correspondent

will find the proverb " A fool and his money are

oon parted" in Camden's 'Remains Concerning

Britain,' ed. 1870, p. 316 ; in Ray'a 'Collection of

146

NOTES AND QUERIES.

. X* AUG. 15, '96.

Proverbs '; and also in various subsequent collec-
tions. James Howell uses the expression in his
'Familiar Letters':

" You write to me, that T. B. intends to give money
for such a place, if he doth, I fear it will be verified in
him, That a fool and his money is soon parted; for I
know he will never be able to execute it."

This quotation is from a letter to Mr. E. D., and
is dated "Westmin. 5 June, 1630." I take it
from 'Epistolee Ho-Elianse,' third edition, 1655,
p. 233. An earlier form of the proverb is given
in Tusser's ' Five Hundred Pointes of Good
Husbandrie' (E.D.S.), p. 19 :

A foole and his monie be soone at debate,
which after with sorrow repenta him too late.

I suppose that ' Janicula Prudentum ' is a slip for
' Jacula Prudentum.'

F. 0. BIRKBECK TERRY.

The pithy saying "A fool and his money are
soon parted " is current coin in Fifeshire, where I
have heard it hundreds of times. It is given in
Andrew Henderson's * Scottish Proverbs,' p. 21,
ed. James Donald, 1881. This volume, by the
way, contains a remarkable joke in a prefatory
editorial note. Henderson's * Proverbs/ as origin-
ally published, had an introductory essay by
Motherwell. Mr. Donald says: "This, which
the writer himself characterized as prolix, is here
presented considerably abridged." The fact is
that the abridgment is final ; there is not a word
of Motherwell's essay left. THOMAS BAYNB.

Helensburgh, N.B.

This occurs in Hazlitt's 'English Proverbs,' 1882,
p. 12, where there is a reference to Clarke's
*Parcemiologia,'l639 ; also to 'EpistolsB Ho-Elianse,'
1754, p. 230, " Letter to End. Porter," 5 January,
1630/1. The reference, which Hazlitt omits, to
the * Parcemiologia ' is *. -y. "Profusio," p. 281.
The proverb also occurs in Ray's * Proverbs,' p. 94,
Bohn. ED. MARSHALL.

This proverb is nearly a century older, at least,
than the 'Jacula Prudentum' (not 'Janicula
Prudentum,' as printed in query). The earliest
example I am acquainted with is in Tusser's
' Husbandrie/ 1580, ch. x. st. xi. p. 19 (English
Dialect Society's reprint) :

A foole and his monie be soone at debate,
which after with Borrow repents him too late.

G. L. APPERSON.

COMMEMORATIVE PIES (8 th S. x. 93). Further
particulars about the latest "Repeal Pie" are
furnished by the Yorkshire Herald of 3 August :

" On Saturday last the "jubilee " of the repeal of the
Corn Laws was celebrated at Denby Dale, near Hudderj-
field, in a singular fashion, namely, by the serving out
to thousands of people of portions of an immense pie
which had been made in the village. The pie contained
1,120 Ib. of beef, 180 Ib. of veal, 112 Ib. of mutton,
60 Ib. of lamb ; and the crust was made of 1,120 Ib. of

flour and 160 Ib. of lard. The dish in which it was
baked was 10 feet long, 6 feet 6 inches wide, and a foot
deep, and a special oven had to be built in which to bake
t. The gross weight of dish and pie was estimated at
55 cwt. Some 2,350 commemorative plates had been
provided, which were sold at Is. each, and a steady
stream of people passed through the turnstile to get
'heir piece of pie and pass out another way to eat it or
ake it away as seemed best."

ST. SWITHIN.

WILLIAM WARHAM, ARCHBISHOP OF CANTER-
BURY (8 th S. x. 76, 104). There is an engraving
of this prelate, who died in 1532, after the picture
!)y Holbein at Lambeth Palace, in ' Lodge's
Portraits/ vol. i. Dinton Hall, near Aylesbury,
now the seat of Lieut.-Col. Goodall, is said to have
Belonged to tho Warhara family, and in the
windows are the arms of Warbam impaling those
of the see of Canterbury. Oakley, where he was
born, is a small village in Hampshire, near Basing-
stoke, and is at the present time a benefice in the
gift of Queen's College, Oxford.

JOHN PICKFORD, M.A.

Newbourne Rectory, Woodbridge.

William Warbam, Bishop of London 1502-3,
Archbishop of Canterbury 1503-32, Lord Chan*
cellor 21 January, 1504, to December, 1516, was
the eldest son of William Warham, of Malsanger,
in the parish of Okecliff, in the county of South"
ampton, and Anne his wife, eldest daughter of
Thomas Hadney, of Denton, in the county of
Sussex. JOHN RADCLIFFE.

Hook, in his ' Lives,' can tell us no more than
that, " According to Wood, his father's name was
Robert, ' Athenee,' iii. 738."

EDWARD H. MARSHALL, M.A.

Hastings.

ROUGH LEE HALL (8 th S. x. 4, 63). My hearty
thanks are due to MR. F. C. BIRKBECK: TERRY
and COL. FISHWICK for having conjured away my
doubts as to the existence of Malkin Tower. They
were but the echo of others I heard expressed by
residents in and about Barrowford and Colne ; and
to have elicited such convincing replies from my
brother contributors seekers, like myself, after
" whatsoever things are true " is a reward more
than sufficient for my felix culpa. I only wish
they could have satisfied me as fully on the inscrip-
tion on the stone I mentioned at the first reference,
though I more than half suspect now that it
actually came from the famous tower, the exist*
ence of which I no longer doubt. J. B. S.

Manchester.

"MARCELLA" (8 th S. x. 50). The 'Encyclo-
paedic Dictionary* gives "marceline" as from
Latin marceo, and gives the meaning as "a thin
silk tissue used for linings, &c,, in ladies' dresses."

D. M. R,

Aberdare,

8S.X.Auo,15/96.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

147

NOTES ON BOOKS, &o.
Rainy Days in a Library. By Sir Herbert Maxwell,

IN the'preface to bis bright and agreeable volume Sir
Herbert Maxwell is both bold and paradoxical in utter-
ance He dares first to dispute with Burton of the
Anatomy of Melancholy, ' maintains-heresy of heresies !
that there is a good deal that is dreary in Elizabethan
literature, and defends those "ruder gentry" who, in-
tead of swelling the mass of printed matter, by their
"vain building," did better for their country. Sir
Herbert then proceeds to show the conditions most
favourable for reading, and " argal " for giving the world
the product of his reading. He finds it in a country-house
library on a pouring wet day some one else's house for
choice. " There must be no mistake about the duration
of the downpour, no alluring gleams of sunshine, no
break in the gray canopy of vapour." We aver that our
own cheerful philosophy does not attain such heights.
A wet day in a country house tempts you to the smoking-
room, the billiard-room, the stables even it is a choice
of evils. If you invade the library, it is occupied by the
ladies, sitting in such fashion that you can easily approach
none, and your voice when you speak sounds aggressive
or funereal. Take a book or two out of the shelves and
carry it into your room, sit alone, and, if possible, shut out
the day and turn on the electric light, listen for the
dinner-bell, and, if the weather does not change, order
your things to be packed, and recollect some imperious
call elsewhere. Of the books he read under conditions
that do not recommend themselves to us Sir Herbert,
at least, writes delightfully. We have read his pages as
be would have us, dilatorily, one at a time, and before we
have reached the last have almost forgotten the first
Still, a tense of pleasure remains behind, and the time
has not been wasted. Sir Herbert does not write of the
books one talks about, and Tallemant des Reaux is the
only one we have recently read. Still, Baldassare'i
' Perfect Courtier,' Bulwer's ' Artificial Changeling,' anc
'Firmilian' are books into which we dip. Blaeu's
' Atlas ' is a curious work to commend itself to a writer
; but Sir Herbert has diversified tastes, and is, among
I other things, a herald, a sportsman, a student, and the
i encyclopaedic information surrounding the maps com
! mends to him a volume handsome enough to need nc
commendation. We have heartily enjoyed Sir Herbert'*
ctions, all the more heartily that, had the library to
which we have most familiar access been similar to tha
from which he has chosen, we should probably have
made an entirely different choice.

A IHlliography of the King's Book, or Eikon Basilike

By Edward Almack. (Blades, East & Blades.)
THE first attempt to write what Mr. Almack justifiably
calls " some sort of a bibliography " of the ' Eikoi
Basilike* was made by our valued and lamented frient
Edward Solly, F.R.S. Death arrested the progress o
this, and most of his collection of ' Eikons ' passed, we an
told, into the hands of that eminent bibliographer Mr
Falconer Madan, and have been at the service of Mr
Almack for the admirable bibliography now issued,
firm believer in the royal authorship of the book,
I staunch upholder of Church and king, Mr. Almack has
worked with exemplary zeal and care, and baa pro
duced one of the best bibliographies our country ca
boaat. Into the contentious portion of his work we wi
not follow him. We will leave him to his castigatio
of Gauden, and will let the quettion of authorship b
threshed out elsewhere. We will congratulate him

owever, on the result of his labours, and the success
bat has attended his endeavour to follow out the advice
f Dr. Copinger to make his bibliography of general
nterest, or, as Mr. Almack himself says, " to relieve the
ull landscape with lights and shadows." His book, to
hose interested in the subject, or in bibliography
enerally, is never dull. It is full of curious and well-
ligested information, and is executed with admirable
are and perfection. Fortunate indeed has Mr. Almack
>een in getting printers and publishers who would
xecute their task in a style so admirable/ Mr. Almck
laims that with his own written descriptions he has
landed the compositor a copy of each edition. Every-
hing has consequently been imitated exactly as from
be copy before him. When necessary, type has been
:ut for the purpose of exactly reproducing the original.
A glance at the facsimiles of works executed at a time

hen our typography was almost at its worst will
show the admirable fidelity of the whole. The subject

f the ' Eikon Baeilike ' is fascinating, and there is a
;emptation which, however, must be resisted to
'ollow Mr. Almack through his interesting and
valuable volume. The history of the ' Eikon ' and
of the appearance of successive editions is one of tl<e
most romantic things in connexion with books. So
great was the anxiety to obtain copies on the part of
those whom the decollation of Charles had shocked and
outraged, that after his death new editions poured forth
daily, in spite of the persecution to which all concerned
with its publication were subjected. Mr. Almack says that,
according to contemporary authorities, " nothing but the
Government's ingenious and persistent condemnation
of the work prevented an immediate restoration of the
monarchy." We warmly commend Mr. Almack's work
to all interested in its subject.

The Country of Horace and Virgil, By Gaston Boissier,
of the French Academy. Translated by D. H. Fisher.
(Fisher Unwin.)

To lovers of classical scholarship and to visitors io
Italy this translation of M. Boissier'a work will com-
mend itself. A hundred years ago the site of Horace's
house in the Sabine Hills was identified. Readers may
now learn under what conditions it was given to the
poet by Maecenas, and visitors to Tivoli may, if they can
spare the time, visit the place and see the immortal
fountain, still known as Fonte dell' Oratini or Fonte de'
Ratini, in which name the ingenious may discover
have discovered a distinct reminiscence of the poet.
In the case of Virgil the reminiscences are less persona),
and it is the country of the ' J'lneid ' that is brought before
us. Much interesting information and speculation ia
pleasantly conveyed. The volume is enriched with maps
and plans.

Shakspere and hit Predecessors. By Frederick S. Boap,

M.A. (Murray.)

MEN are not likely soon to tire of writing upon the
growth and origin of our noble drama. Mr. Boas has no
very special message to deliver concerning those with
whom he deals, and his book seems intended rather for
an advanced class than for ordinary students of dramatic
literature. He is, however, generally trustworthy, and
has made good and avowed use of the labours of his pre-
decessors. Hia effort has been to deal in detail with
Shakspeare's plays in their approximate chronological
order, and to present in the clearest light the features in
Shakspeare's works which link them with the pre-
Renaissance period. A chapter on the mediaeval dranin
and a second on the early Renaissance drama precede
accordingly the chapters in which be deals with Mar-
lowe's ' Dramatic Reform ' and with Kyd, Lyly, Peele,
and Greene. There ia much in the volume that may be

148

NOTES AND QUERIES. [8* ?. x. A, is, .

read with interest, and the book is useful as a manual.
The utterances of the writer are not, however, autho-
ritative, and we rise from the perusal with a sense of
disappointment.

Caudatus Anglicus : a Mediaeval Slander. By George

Neilson. (Edinburgh, Johnston.)

MR. NKILSON has here reprinted, in an edition limited to
one hundred copies, a paper read not long since at a meet-
ing of the Glasgow Archaeological Society. We advise
our book-loving readers to get a copy. These short dis-
quisitions of Mr. Neilson are always alike noticeable for
matter and for style, and their vindication of the English-
man, whether of Kent or elsewhere, from the scandalous
imputations levelled at him not only in France, but
across the Scottish Border, is capital reading, and dis-
plays remarkable and very curious erudition. This and
other similar opuscules will probably be before long
collected. If they are not, these handsome quartos will
be in great demand.

A Guide to the Principal Classes of Documents preserved
in the Public Record Office. By S. E. Scargill-Bird,
P.S.A. Second Edition. (Stationery Office.)
ON the first appearance of this admirably useful guide to
the study of our national documents by Mr. Scargill-
Bird, a well-known and an exemplary member of the
Record Office staff, we drew attention to its purpose and
its merits (7^ S. xi. 499). Nothing remains to be added
to the eulogy there bestowed. Scoresprobably hundreds
of readers have since then tested its utility, and the
appearance of a second edition within five years is a
proof of the service it renders and the estimation in
which it is held.

Billiographica. (Kegan Paul & Co.)
THE tenth part of Bibliographica begins with an
account by Mr. Cyril Davenport of ( The Bindings of
Samuel Mearne and his School/ All that is practically
known concerning Mearne is that he was the binder for
Charles II. between 1660 and 1683, and that the work
he did in that capacity generally in red morocco
hows remarkable ability. Four of these designs are
reproduced, and are, indeed, very handsome and elabo-
rate. Mr. Henry R. Plomer writes on ' References to
Books in the Historical Manuscripts Commissioners'
Report. 1 These seem to have been less full than was to
have been desired, the Commissioners, it is said, having
in too many instances " paid more attention to the con-
tents of the kitchen than to those of the library." These
be hard words, but they are so writ. Among the works
mentioned are naturally since such are abundant
many MSS. of Chaucer. The Early English Writing
Masters,' treated of by Mr. E. F. Strange, is an interest-
ing subject. Some of the singularly intricate designs put
forward as proofs of skill are reproduced. Mr. Edward
Arber draws attention to books, and even classes of books,
which, if not almost altogether lost, are at least very
hard to meet with. C. and M. Elton deal with * Little
Books,' and Mr. G. C. Williamson with ' The Books of the
Carthusians.' Mr. A. W. Pollard reproduces ' Some
Pictorial and Heraldic Initials,' and Mr. Robert Proctor,
in his 'On Two Plates in Sotheby's " Principia Typo-
graphica," ' throws lights upon a suspected forgery.

The Reliquary. July.

THIS quarterly magazine keeps up to a high standard of
interest, but we could wish for a little more variety in
the subjects chosen. The best paper in the present
number is the second part of an article upon * Church-
yard Games in Wales '; but in a magazine that comes out
only four times a year we think it is a mistake to have
papers continued from number to number, and this is
done with three of those iu the present issue.

Cosmo jwlis, edited by F. Ortmans, contains a paper by
Mr. Frederic Harrison on ' The True Cosmopolis,' which
is to be found as far removed as possible " from the roar
of big capitals and the passions of dominant empire?."
Mr. Justin McCarthy follows with a contribution, not
wholly dissimilar in spirit, on ' Bloated Armaments,' and
Mr. Oscar Browning brings forward some revelations,
new to most readers, on the French Comite de Salut
Public and the quarrels of Hebert and Robespierre. In
the French portion the best article consists of ' Lettres
Inedites ' of Ivan Tourgueneff to Gustavo Flaubert, and
in the German 'Die Ethik des modernen Romans,'
by Lady Blennerhasaett.

THE Giornale di Erudizione'sMti the Intermediate are,
as usual, full of information likely to be of service to the
antiquary and the historian. In the issue of the latter
periodical for the 10th of May there is a question relative
to Guillaume CelthofF, inventor of muskets, arquebuses,
and pistols, which could be fired eight or ten times with-
out reloading:. Celthoff received letters patent from
Louis XIII. in 1650, and it is asked whether he was the
first deviser of repeating firearms. The numbers for the
20th and 30th of May contain answers relative to the
probability of William the Conqueror's father being
the Robert the Devil of romance. That the Norman
duke merited the title bestowed on him is probable, but
Robert Guiscard was also worthy of bearing it. There
appears, too, some reason to think that it may have been
a nickname of the Conqueror's eldest son. And it has
also been plausibly suggested that the legend which has
become connected with one of these ill-famed over-lords
of the days of violence is in reality a mythological fable
in Christianized form. In a later number of the Inter-
mediaire that for the 20th of June is an account of
the baptism of " la Savoyarde," the great bell of the
church of the Sacred Heart at Montmartre, which
received the names of Fran<;oise Marguerite du Sac re
Coaur.

fjtotijcw io Camspittottis.

We mutt call special attention to the following ntlictt :

ON all communications must be written the name and
address of the sender, not necessarily for publication, but
as a guarantee of good faith.

WE cannot undertake to answer queries privately.

To secure insertion of communications correspondents
must observe the following rule. Let each note, query, |
or reply be written on a separate slip of paper, with the I
signature of the writer and such address as he wishes to {
appear. Correspondents who repeat queries are requested I
to head the second communication "Duplicate."

ENQUIRER ("Clan Quhele "). Pronounced Hoo-eel,
with a guttural in the h. Properly Dhughail, from an j
eponymous hero of the Macpbersons. The battle of |
the North Inch was almost certainly fought between
them and the Davidsons (Clan Dhailh). See Sobieski
Stuart's ' Lays and Traditions of the Clans/ 1848 ; also
Skene, and authorities collected in MacphersonV Church
and Social Life in the Highlands,' Blackwood, 1893.

ERRATUM. P. 116, col. 2, last line, for "secura" read
secuta.

NOTICE.

Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The
Editor of ' Notes and Queries ' "Advertisements and
Business Letters to "The Publisher "at the Office,
Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C.

We beg leave to state that we decline to return com*
munications which, for any reason, we do not print; and
to this rule we can make no exception.

8'" S. X. ABO. 22, '96.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

149

LONDON, SATURDAY, AUGUST K, 1896.

CONTENTS. N 243.

NOTES : Duchess of Gloucester and Peel Castle, 149
Irinarch Ivanovich Vedensky Ben Jensen's Chair ' The
Buried Mother,' 151 Cycling "A 1'outrance" Shetland
Adulation Qrinling Gibbons Bryan, 152 Rev. G. A.
Firth Birchin Lane, 153 ' Our Hedges' West Door of
St. Paul's Statue of Claudian Vanishing London One-
Volume Novel, 154.

QUERIES : Lost Books Trimnell Poems by Frances
Browne Masonic Shifford and King Alfred, 155" A
Nelson" Simon Fraser Dope: Brock head : Foulmart
Graham of Netherby John Peighton, M.P. " Strogin "
Song of Pestal " Lillilo" Diploma : " Beggar's Benison,"
156 John Aylmer " Orts "Pilgrim Fathers, 157.

BEPLIES :-What is a Town ? 157-" Jack Pudding," 158
"Rathe-ripe" Foubert's Riding Academy ' Marmion
Travestied,' 159 Jewish Commentaries Blenkard
Source of Quotation Drawn Battle Walloons Blairs
Portrait of Mary Stuart 'Dreamland' "Padoreen"
Mare, 160 Primitive Distribution of Land Lead Letter-
ingMilitary Standards Vectis, 1611 Cor. ii. 9 School
Lists Straps Fountain of Youth, 162 Cannibalism in
the British Isles, 163 Scottish ClericaLDress " Napoleon
galeux "Countess of Angus Umbriel, 164 Heir-male of
the Maxwells " Irpe "Clock Prince Charles and Mile.
Luci Granby's Regiment, 165 Skull in Portrait Tout
Family St. Uncumber Pepys " Peer and Flet "
Southey's English Poets,' 166.

NOTES ON BOOKS : Henley and Henderson's ' Poetry of
Burns,' Vol. II. Rye's 'Index to Norfolk Pedigrees'
4 Views of the Pleasure Gardens of London ' ' Scottish
Poetry of the Eighteenth Century ' Dodwell's Pocket
County Companions' Field Columbian Museum Pub-
lications.

Notices to Correspondents.

THE DUCHESS OF GLOUCESTER AND

PEEL CASTLE.
(See 8* S. ix. 382, 452.)

I am indebted to MR. W. E. A. AXON for the
following reference in the 'Dictionary of National
Biography,' vol. xxviii. p. 246 :

" In October, 1443, abe (the duchess) was transferred
to Kenilworth (' Foedera,' xi. 45 ; cf. Devon, pp. 447-8).
In July, 1446, she was imprisoned in the Isle of Man
(' Ord. P. C.,' vi. 51). She is said to have been imprisoned
in Peel Castle until her death."

To some this is evidence with a vengeance, con-
clusive enough to justify the exclamation " Causa
finita eat." Not so to me, however. It left my
doubt unimpaired by a hair's breadth. Not that 1
am a Didymus in the face of hard facts ; but these,
I contend, are what are lacking here. Let me
prove my thesis.

1. The author (Prof. Tout) of the article (loc. cit.)
states that the duchess " was imprisoned in the
Isle of Man," and grounds his bold assertion on a
reference to the ' Ordinances of the Privy Council.'
[ have examined the volume quoted above (ed.
1837), from which I make the two following ex-
cerpts :

"Fragments of the original minutes of the Council
the latter part of July, 1446, are preserved ; but the

only material facts shown by them are that Eleanor

Cobham, wife of the Duke of Gloucester, tea* ordered to be

conveyed to the Isle of Man, in custody of Sir Thomas
Stanley, 24 Hen. VI., 1446." Preface, xx.

" The kyng wol that his letters under his p've seal le
directed to Sir Th. Stanley to carie and do to be caried
by land and by water Elienor Cobham in th' isle of Man
and there that he rule her as he hath yeve him in
co'mandemet."

Now, I maintain that from neither of those pas-
sages can it be proved that the duchess was actually
a prisoner in Man. It is evident, from the words
italicized by me, that she had been ordered and
directed so to be ; but were the order and direction
ever carried out? The difficulty of proving a
negative is traditional ; but I am persuaded that
the following arguments are sufficiently cogent in
this instance, at least to clear it away.

2. Should there be any documents extant in the
archives of the island (Governmental or antiquarian)
reciting the incarcertion of the duchess there the
matter would be beyond dispute. The existence
of some such records, either at Castletown or
Douglas, concerning an historical incident of such
importance would be more than probable that is,
assuming that Prof. Tout's statement is correct.
This line of reasoning, the outcome of paragraph 1,
led me to communicate with the Rev. E. B. Savage,
of Douglas, who referred me to the Rev. T. Talbot,
also of Douglas, an acknowledged authority on
Manx historical questions, who replied, in answer
to my query:

" There is no known record in the archives of this
island in which she (the duchess) is mentioned as having
so much as set foot on this island, while every fragment
of the tale as respects Peel Castle, from its origin to its
present form, can be, and has been, traced to inventors."

3. In a subsequent letter Mr. Talbot wrote, inter
alia:

" The following points may be considered as made :
" A. No evidence is produced from any English source
that the duchess was ever brought to this island by Sir
Thomas Stanley or his agents, or even that the king's
will that letters be written to him to that end was carried
out. The action against the duchess, as I conceive, was
merely from first to last a hollow, as well as cunning
and devilish part of the plot for the disgrace and ruin
of the duke, and was liable to shift as the plot against
him was varied.

"B. No evidence is produced from any insular source
that the duchess ever set foot on the island, nor did the
earliest writer who alleged Peel Castle as the place of
her imprisonment even pretend that he founded hia
assertion on any 'tradition' here. Blundell's tale (ut
infra") is a shameful perversion of an English authority.
Further, the minute (Nicolas, vi. 51) under date July,
1446, is not the latest mention of the duchess in the
English records. There are three known to me, all of
date subsequent to the duke's death (murder]) on
Feb. 23 or 24, 1447, at Bury St. Edmunds, during the
Parliament (25 Hen. VI.) begun there on Feb. 10. The
first is an Act of that Parliament depriving the duchess
of dower. The Act is in the printed Rolls of Parliament
(' Record Comm.'), v. 135. There ii no indication in the
Act as to the whereabouts of the duchesa at the time of
passing the Act The Act was passed, ' Tertio die Martii
Anno Vicesimo quinto supradicto, videlicet ultimo die
ejusdem Parliamenti,' according to the heading. The

150

NOTES AND QUERIES.

X. AUG. 22/96.

second ie a pardon to Thomas Herbard, in ' Pat Rot.,
25 Hen. VI.. and under date July 13, thus nearly fiv
months after the duke'a death, but looks back to an
names Feb. 7 and 11 as days of the said Herbard's allege
crimes. As far as I am aware it has not been printed
I learned of its existence on making inquiries at th
Public Record Office in 1879, and asked for the Roll t<
be brought to me. It begins by declaration of Herbard'
indictment, verdict, and record of judgment.

" ' The king to all his bailiffs and faithful men to whom
&c., greeting. Know that since Thomas Herbard, lat
of Greenwich, in the county of Kent, Knight, and others
late servants of Humfrey, Duke of Gloucester, now
deceased, staying both in the house and domicile of the
duke, were, on the Sabbath next after the Feast of the
Translation of St. Thomas the Martyr (July 7) last past

indicted at Deptford that the said Tnomas togethe:

with many other*, our enemies and false traitors un
known, purposing to make the forenamed duke King o
England, contrary to their due allegiance, and agains
our will to take and deliver Alianor, late wife of the said
duke, out of the prison in which by our command she
was detained for divers high treasons specially touching
our person whereof she had been indicted, and to make
the same Alianor Queen of England ; and perceiving that
they and others were not able to do the foresaid things
so long as we stood in our regality and prosperity did/ &c.
"Queriep. Where was 'the prison' in which the
duchess, by the king's command, was detained at the
date above referred to? Is it likely that if the Jsle of
Man were meant it would be so spoken of ? Did Her
bard and party contemplate coming here to rescue her ?
I regard it as morally, if not absolutely, certain that ' the
prison ' referred to must have been one within somewhat
easier and readier reach than this island. The third is
a record of payment, under date July 18 five days after
date of above-mentioned pardon to one Montgomery.
It is printed by Devon, ' Issue Rolls of Exchequer.'

" ' Easter, 25 Hen. VI., 18th July (1447). To Thomas
Montgomery, Esquire, one of the Marshalls of the King's
hall, who at the ecpecial request of the said Lord the
King attended at different times upon divers persons, to
his great detriment and charge, viz., first upon the Duke
of Norfolk at Killingworth and within the Tower of
London ; secondly upon John Astley ; thirdly upon
Eleanor Cobham from Ledys to London ; and fourthly
upon John Davy an appellant ; also because he restored
into Chancery the King's letters patent granting him
301. per annum to be cancelled. In money paid to him
by assignments this day, &c. By writ, &c., 402.'

"Queries. When was the said attendance of Mont-
gomery on the duchess from Ledys Castle to London ?
The Chronicle ('An English Chronicle of the Reigns of
Richard II., Henry IV., Henry V., and Henry VI.,
written before the year 1471,' Camden Society, 1856)
compared with the records (' Patent and Exchequer
Rolls,' &c.) shows that she was brought up from that
Castle to London, or rather Westminster, for October 21
and November 9, 1441, and that her custodians, John
Stanley & Co, were paid 1002. on Jan. 31, 1442, and
Ralph Lee 100/. 'in advance' on Feb. 16, 1442, for
receiving and conducting her to Chester, from whence
she was received at Kenilworth on Dec. 5, 1443. Was
the payment to Montgomery in July, 1447, for bringing
her up from 'Ledys Castle te London,' payment for
service performed in October or November, 1441, and
so left unpaid for towards six years ] Or was it for a
service much more recent, Ledys Castle being the
' prison ' referred to in the pardon, and the last place of
the duchess's confinement by royal ' command ' 1 The
duke dying in February, 1447, what reason in the world
was there for longer keeping her in durance ? Even

Thomas Herbard was absolutely pardoned, cleared from
all stain of attaint, as the pardon shows. My belief is
that the duchess was brought up to London, discharged,
and in all probability went into some religious house,'
and was thereafter no more heard of. Of course tho
last two records quoted do not amount to a demonstration
that the duchess was in England in the early part of the
year 1447 and in July, but I think them worthy of con-
sideration as at least looking in that direction."

4. It was a fortunate wind that wafted me inta
Mr. Talbot's treasure-cave of research, not only by
reason of the foregoing masterly synopsis of the
whole question, but because, curiously enough, be
had gone into it exhaustively in 1879, and again
in 1885, in a series of letters to the Isle of Man
Times. The latter series he very courteously for-
warded to me for further use. It is headed Eng-
lish History versus Shakespeare and Manx History/
and consists of five lengthy and thoroughly pains-
taking compositions. Much as I should wish it,, it
would be impossible to transfer them in their
entirety to the columns of ' N. & Q.'; but the sum-
mary is worth reproducing :

"I have shown how, when, and from whom all the
elements of the story have had their origin. William
Blundell at some time subsequent to the year 1660,
George Waldroii in 1731, Samuel Haining in 1822,
William Harrison in 1869, and Robert J. Moore about
1874, did bit by bit build up that story, and did so on the
basis of the discordant assertions of Fabyan and Shake-
speare which have been proved to be fabulous. It io
always important, often essential, to the testing of the
Credibility of a story which is passed off as ' history,' to
know its rise and progress up to completion; and
generally nothing more is needed to show such story to
3e devoid of credibility than to show what is said, and
who says it. Not more than this is needed in regard to
the story in question. That the Duchess of Gloucester,
'n 1440-1, or any other year, was condemned to be
mprisoned in the episcopal dungeon on the Peel islet,
ihat she was imprisoned therein, that therein she was
mprisoned for fourteen years, that during those fourteen
years she took her one hour a day's exercise in a little
r ard adjoining it, and that she died there, is a story that
stands out in shameless nakedness as the manufacture
of the five writers above named, and as manufactured
'or at best no higher purpose than to make Manx ' his-

;ories ' and 'guides.' In the whole series of our his-

lories, guides, Manx Society volumes, &c., the only

'ragment of information pertinent to the story is the

Minute' discovered by Dr. Oliver in Sir Harris*

tficolas's ' Proceedings and Ordinances of the Privy

Council of England,' vol. vi. p. 51 It is on the basis

jf this 'Minute/ and on nothing else in our insular
tory-books. that any future story about the imprison-
ment of the due bet- s in this island must be framed, if
)ne be framed. It will be quite time enough fo?
history ' makers who refer to the ' Minute ' to legin to
hink of asserting that the duchess was put down into
he dungeon on the Peel islet, &c., when they produce
vidence that she was conveyed to and set foot on this

sland That the duchess was not only ordered to be

onducted, but was conducted to Ledys Castle in August,
441, to Chester Castle in the beginning of 14)2, and to
[enilworth Castle towards the end of 1443, ' record '
vidence produced clearly proves. But it is not likely
o be before the Greek Kalends that evidence will be
ound that the above ' Minute ' was ever carried into
ffect, because record evidence exists that for at least

8>>S. X.Aro. 22/96.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

151

even months it was not, and that then, Duke Hum-
phrey's death occurring, there was no conceivable reason
for doing it. In my letter of 29 August I adduced
record evidence that at least as late as February, 1447.
the duchess was in England, and in all probability then
again confined in Ledys Castle in Kent; and other
evidence exists that Sir Thomas Stanley alao was then in
England and attending the Parliament held at Bury St.

Edmunds Under these circumstances, let any future

* history ' maker who refers to the above ' Minute ' as of
any weight in this matter produce evidence that letters
of order to convey the duchess to the Isle of Man were
directed ' to Sir Thomas Stanley, and then evidence

that he in pursuance thereof conveyed her hither

The history of the Duchess of Gloucester, as all history
properly 10 called, rests on worthy evidence, not on the
mere assertions of men who live hundreds of years after
the events they affect to write about ; of men, too, who
show that they have no other source for their ' facts '
but their faculty of invention, and no better motive for
asserting them than the profit they can make out of the
ignorant and credulous."

5. To sum up, therefore : whilst no record exists
in the island, the genesis of the story lies io the
famous " Minute," and its perpetuation is due (1)
to Shakespeare (who erroneously laid it on Sir
John Stanley, who was dead fourteen years before
the " Minute ") ; (2) to Fabyan (06. circa 1512) &
<3o. (ut supra) ; and (3) (proh dolor !) to the Manx
Society (xvi. 191), and innumerable guide-book?,
from that of Raining (the inventor of the "four-
teen years" theory) in 1822 down to 'Brown's
Popular Guide ' in 1896. One may well ask, in the
face of such an astounding lack of historical criticism,
Will this fable ever be stamped out? Some authors,
to the credit of their discriminative faculty, have
ruthlessly rejected it or passed it by with the
silence it merits, e.g. , Sacheverell (Governor of the
island 1694-6), in his * Survey of the Isle of Man,'
1702 ; Bishop Wilson, in his * History of the Isle
of Man '; Seacomb, in his ' Memoirs of the House
of Stanley,' 1736 ; Rolt, in his ' History/ 1773 ;
and Townley, in his 'Journal,' 1791. And Prof.
Tout (ui supra) only ventures so far as " it is said "
in the matter of the duchess's alleged life-long
internment in Peel Castle, while the author of the
'Guide to Peel,' printed for "George Goddard,
Custodian of Peel Castle," gives the story with
-caution.

I may add, by way of epilogue, that it was recently
ray good fortune to secure a long interview at
Douglas with Mr. Talbot, who informed me that,
in addition to the foregoing, a friend of bis met
(since my last communication from him) the Clerk
of the Rolls, who told him that, though be had
eearched diligently, there was not a shred of any
record in the island archives relative to the im-
prisonment of the duchess. Vtrbum sat sapienti !

J. B. S.

Manchester.

IRINARCH IVANOVICH VEDENSKT. Capt.
Cuttle's note-book may perhaps be allowed to
-carry down to posterity that this is the real name

of the talented translator into Rusa of ' Dombey
& SOD,' in 1847-1848, as the numbers appeared.
In my copy of Forster's ' Life of Charles Dickens '
the name ia misspelt Trinarch Ivansvich Vreden-
eky (!), or massacred in some such fashion, and I
do noc know if it has been corrected elsewhere.
Vedensky was the son of a poor but intelligent
village pope (or priest), who tilled his glebe to feed
and clothe his large family of daughters and , this
only son, to whom he still found time to impart the
rudiments of education. Irinarch was a sickly
and lonesome boy, cut off from all playfellows by
his ascetic though well-meaning father, and he
grew up to manhood in bitter poverty, having
sometimes literally nowhere to lay his head. Yet,
in spite of all obstacles, he became a distinguished
scholar, a versatile linguist, and a beloved peda-
gogue in the military schools at St. Petersburg.
He was growing in fame and favour with the
authorities, and had been called upon to undertake
educational work of the highest importance, when
bis blindness and premature death cut short his
brave career. His translations of Dickens, Thacke-
ray, Fenimore Cooper, &c., are classical, and laid
the foundation of the wonderful popularity which
their works still enjoy in this country. Suum
cuique. H. E. MORGAN.

St. Petersburg.

EEN JONSON'S CHAIR IN 1685. Milton's nephew,
Edward Phillips, asks, at p. 174 of his ' Mysteries
of Love and Eloquence ; or, the Arts of Wooing
and Complimenting,' &c. :

" 9. Why is Ben Johnson's chair at Robert Wilson's
Tipling-house in the Strand?

" A. To signifie that Poets in these hard times, though
they should invoke the nine Muses, may still want nine-
pence to purchase a pint of Canary."

F. J. F.

'THE BURIED MOTHER.' I have just been
reading Mrs. Woods's powerful but painful dramatic
poem of ' Wild Justice,' in which the ballad sung
by Nelto seems to fill the province of the chorus in
a Greek tragedy. Mrs. Woods says in a prefatory
note that she is indebted for the first lines of this
ballad to the following two line?, quoted in
* Wuthering Heights ' (chap. ix. Ji-
lt was far in the night, and the bairnies grat ;
The mither beneath the mools heard that

These lines have, as observed by Prof. Child, been
not unnaturally taken for a relic of a traditional
Scottish ballad of a dead mother returning to her
abused children.* They seem to have the pathos
and the mystery which is bred in the solitude of
the moors and fells, and to be of kindred essence
to the spirit which breathes in 4 Clerk Saunders ' or
The Elphin Nourice.' But Prof. Child has
shown that these lines are, in fact, a stanza (not

* ' The English and Scottish Popular Ballade,' part ix.
p. 203.

152

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[8 th S. X. AUG. 22, '96.

literally well remembered) from the Danish ballac
' Moderen under Mulde,' Grundtvig, ii. 470, trans-
lated by Jamieson, and given in the notes to the
fourth canto of Scott's ' Lady of the Lake.
Another translation, under the title which heads
this note, will be found in Prior's ' Ancient
Danish Ballads/ 1860, i. 368. The ballad as
rendered by Mrs. Woods bears, of course, the
impress of her own individual genius.

W. F. PRIDEAUX.
Kingsland, Shrewsbury.

CYCLING.

" Everything in nature has a tendency to move in

cycles such myriads of cycles moving concurrently."

S. T. Coleridge, ' Table Talk' (1823), ed. 1874, p. 22.

W. 0. B.

" A L'OUTRANCE." This Anglo-French expres-
sion is not dead yet. One would hardly expect to
find it in so well-written a publication as Punch,
but there it is on p. 6, No. 2869, 4 July ; and, what
is stranger still, in a letter professedly written by a
Frenchman, Jacques Joliquet (Pompier de Nan-
terre). Jacques writes :

"Monsieur le Kedacteur, Accompanied by several
of my brave comrades, I arrived this week in your
splendid city of commerce to join in the magnificent
demonstration which celebrated the victories of the
limpid Water over the cruel and devastating Fire ele-
ments ever at war and encouraged to fight d I'oulrance
by the bitter memories of tradition and history."

Has it ever been noticed that Palsgrave's ' Les-
clarcissement de la Langue Francoyse ' has, p. 853,
" To the utterance, a loultrance " ? This follows :

"To the uttermoste, as folkes fyght who shall have
the mastery, a oultrance, as et commands a wnfilz Pepin
de leurfaire la guerre a oultrance."

F. 0. BIRZBECK TERRY.

SHETLAND, ITS ETYMOLOGY. At the last meet-
ing of the Viking Olub, the Rev. E. McClare
derived Shetland from the Icelandic Hjaltland ;
but neither he nor any other of the speakers could
satisfactorily explain the difference of initial. My
attention being directed to a report of this, I saw
at once that to a student of phonetics the transi-
tion possesses no difficulty whatever, and is a
most interesting parallel to that of Scio from the
classical Chios, which I explained in 8 th S. ix. 58.
In the Icelandic pronunciation the initial of Hjalt-
land is, like that of the modern Greek Chios, a
"voiceless" y. It is similar to the aspirated
initial of the English words hew or hue, and easily
mistaken for sh. Therefore in the English Shet-
land and Italian Scio we have a substitution of sh
for it. Another and even more important example
of the change in English is that of the Anglo-
Saxon pronoun heo to the modern she. I cannot
deny that the sound is a favourite one of mine ; but
at the risk of trenching on valuable space I may
add, for the benefit of the general reader, that its
existence and resemblance to tli account for pheno-

mena otherwise inexplicable in many quarters.
Hence the facts that in Japanese the number
"seven " is indifferently hichi or shichi; that the
Afghan national name is sometimes Pukhto and
sometimes Pnshto ; that Khama's capital is written
both Palapye and Palapshe. Further, by assuming
the intermediate stage to have been this quasi-
guttural, we can see how certain Latin sibilants
have in Spanish become genuine gutturals.

JAS. PLATT, Jun.

ADULATION EXTRAORDINARY. Examples of
flattering dedication were common enough in the
seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The follow-
ing specimen will be hard to beat for servility of
thought and ingenuity of phrase. It is prefixed
to an assize sermon, 13 March, 1693/4, preached
at Ailesbury by Ab. Campion, D.D., rector of
Monks Risborough :

" To the Right Honorable Sir John Holt, Lord Chief

Justice My Lord, Without leave I presume to prefix

Your Lordship's Name to this Discourse. That it was
Preach'd. I my self stand accountable ; but that it was
Printed, It has nothing to justify it but Your Lordship's
Command, whom nothing can or do's resist. For the great-
est Obscurities of the Law, Its most sullen difficulties
scatter before Your Lordship's Eye, as the Clouds before
the Sun. The most intricate Knotty Cases, You untye with/
that Ease and Dexterity, as that they seem of themselves
to open. It is not in You to cut or force, It consists not
with that sweetness of Temper, by which You so charm
all You have to deal with, as that You seem most de-
servedly to inherit that Glorious Title of the Great
Vespasian, of being the Darling of Mankind. For the
very Curse of the Law You manage with that Tender-
ness and Indulgent Affection, as even that the Condemn'd
go away Satisfied, if not pleas'd. That I might not there-
fore appear the only stubborn Thing in Nature, I submit
and subscribe my Self, My Lord, Your Honors most
humble and obedient Servant, Ab. Campion."

RICHARD H. THORNTON.
Portland, Oregon.

GRINLING GIBBONS'S ORGAN CASE FROM ST.
ALBAN'S ABBEY CHURCH. The following adver-
tisement is cut from the Antiquary for July :

' Old oak organ case, 200 years old, beautifully carved
by Grinling Gibbons, formerly in St. Alban's Abbey.
Price 75 guineas. For particulars, address," &c.

Nothing in connexion with the " restoration " of
St. Alban's abbey church need cause us much
surprise. It would be interesting, however, to
know (without any reflection at all upon its pre-
sent owner) how such an article as this could come
nto private hands ; and, further, what "restorer"
t was who could induce a church body to extrude j
From a building under their control a large carving
by Grinling Gibbons, in itself, if authentic, an
ornament to any church. Certainly, Gibbons'*
carvings were not Gothic. R. CLARK.

Walthamstow.

BRYAN. The grave possibility of a hitherto
unknown individual, born so late as 1860, living
:>y his wits, BO to speak, bearing this patronymic, !

X. AUG. 22, '96.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

153

who is not unlikely to become in the near future
the President of the United States, to rule over
its seventy millions or more of English-speaking
person?, has brought about a discussion betwix
the Hibernian -American and the vastly more
numerous, earlier settled, and less noisy Anglo
American. The 6rst, indeed, claims the surname
for the Green Isle, and in proof thereof cites
Moore's lines anent one of the early kings of that
land:

Remember the glories of Brian the brave,

Though the days of the hero are o'er ;

Though lost to Mononia and cold in the grave,

He returns to Einkora no more.

That star of the field, which so often has poured

Its beams on the battle, is set ;

But enough of its glory remains on each sword

To light us to victory yet.

The fact that history may yet repeat itself after
a thousand years, more or less, and give to the
world another king of the name, oT the republican
order, naturally fires the Celtic heart. On the
other hand, the unadulterated Anglo-American,
proud of his descent from the same blood which
produced Shakespeare a blood which has never
been ruled by any individual possessing a dis-
tinctively Irish name claims Bryan as an old
English surname, and one which, according to
the ' Diet. Nat. Biog.,' has produced a considerable
number of English writers. He substantiates his
belief in this by pointing out that three times as
many Bryans appear in the London directory as
in the Dublin one ; also that there are several
places in London called Bryan Street, Square, &c.,
and that a Bryanstone is a locality in Middlesex.
To him Bryan is the accentuation of Bryant, which
surely is an ancient English father's name, for
Briant belonged to a number of the very earliest
of the Puritan settlers of New England, where
the Irish cannot be said to have flocked until
about 1830-1850. The American poet William
Cullen Bryant was of this stock. The 'Encyc.
Brit.,' eighth edition, in its article upon the old
English statesman Sir Francis Bryant, famous
under Henry VIII. , attaches Bryan as one of the
forms of his name. An expression of opinion from
those versed in Celtic and English nomenclature
be appreciated by me. The political
managers of Mr. Bryan, it may be said (full name

lliam Jennings Bryan and a Protestant), have

given out that the grandfather of his father

itiao name Silas) emigrated from Aberdeen,

bcotland this to counteract the widely dis-

)d eagerness on the part of the O'Briens to
t him as a possible cousin and a true orthodox
MANHATTAN.

i\A EV ' G ' A " FlRTH --The Vicarof St. Michael's,

Walton the Rev. G. A. Firth, died on 22 July

ring been over fortv-four years curate and vicar

,e same parish. I think this is almost unique.

Mr. Firth came to Malton in 1852 as curate to the
Rev. William Carter, who held the combined
livings of Old and New Malton ; and in 1855, on
Mr. Carter removing to Slingsby, Mr. Firth was
appointed to the incumbency of St. Michael's
parish, which was then newly created, though the
order in Council dividing the parishes of Old
and New Malton, and constituting them separate
vicarages, was not promulgated till 1856. Mr.
Firth married a daughter of the Rev. W. Carter.

W. B.

BIRCHIN LANE. This name is one of the cruces
of London local nomenclature. I had hoped to
find some enlightenment in a little book which
was recently reviewed in ' N. & Q.,' Mr. Habben's
'London Street Names/ but unfortunately the
writer has failed to grasp the truth that the his-
torical method furnishes the only passport to a real
knowledge of this difficult subject, and his work, in
consequence, is merely an example of misapplied
industry. Of Birchin Lane he says :

Originally Burcbam, hands down the virtues, if there
be any virtue in a name, of its builder. Stow says Birch-
over was the builder, but modern researches, as well as
the name itself, point to Burcham as more probable."

It would be exceedingly interesting if Mr. Habben
would indicate the authorities on which he bases
these assertions. My own inquiries tend to show
that Stow was probably right in this case. The
Following instances of very early spelling are taken
from Dr. Sharpe's * Calendar of Wills in the Court
of H ust ing, London,' and go back forty years
Defore the earliest example given by Mr. Wheatley
n his ' London Past and Present.' In the will of
Thomas Travers, 1260, and in that of William de
Tanrugge, 1 349, the name is " Berchervereslane "
Sharpe, ' Calendar,' i. 7, 538) ; in that of William
Kelwedon, 1285, it is "Berchereverelane" (ibid. t
74) ; in that of Stephen Ate Holte, 1326, it is
Bercherverelane " (ibid., i. 318); in that of
Stephen Atte Holte, 1348-9, it is "Bercherver-
ane " (ibid., i. 538) ; and in those of John de
Drayton, 1358, and of Robert de Holewelle, 1363,
t is "Bercheverlane" (ibid., ii. 4, 80). The
arliest example of the substitution of the letter n
or v occurs in the * Liber Albus,'ed. Riley, p. 242,
29 Edw. I., where the name is spelt " Berchenes-
ane." In the will of Robert Motun, 1320, the
name is spelt " Berchernerelane," and in that of
"hornas Mokkynge, ] 372/3, we get the still later
orms "Berchereslane" and "Bercherlane "(Sharpe,
* Calendar,' i. 286, ii. 153). At the beginning of
the fifteenth contury the spelling begins to approxi-
mate more closely to the present orthography ; and,
judging from the evidence at our disposal, the chief
intermediate links were probably Berchervereslane,
Bercherverlane, Bercheverlane, Berchenerlane,
Berchenlane, Birchinlane. In all likelihood, there-
fore, the lane derived its name from a certain
Berchervere or Berchevere, which tends to corro-

154

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[8" 8. X. AUG. 22, '96.

borate Stew's statement that " the first builder and
owner " was Birchover. The " corruption," as Stow
calls it, would be analogous to that of Andover,
which was formerly called Andevere (see ' Liber
Albu?,' pp. 535, 536). Of Mr. Habbon's Burcham
1 have discovered no trace whatever.*

W. F. PRIDEAUX.
Kingsland, Shrewsbury.

*OuR HEDGES.' In an article so entitled in
Chambers's Journal for 6 June, Mr. Baring-Gould
succeeds in astonishing one of his readers who has
had but scant experience of West of England ways.
He has remarked :

"Our old English hedges are the poor man's con-
servatory, are the playground of his children. How
starred they are in spring with primroses ! How they
flush with red robin ! How they mantle with bluebell !
How they wave with foxglove ! "

And goes on ihortly afterwards to say :

" In the West of England a hedge top is usually finished
off with slates that project, and this is to prevent rabbits,
even sheep, from overleaping. lu Cornwall, on the hedge
top is a footpath beside a large deep cleft in the land,
that converts itself into a torrent in wet weather. It is
a common sight to see women, and children on their way
to school, pencilled against the sky, walking on the hedge
tops. So when certain hedges have been converted into
footways, then a rail is often put across them to prevent
horsemen from using them in like manner."

Surely hedges that can be finished off with slates
and that may serve as a promenade are more akin
to walls than to the fences of thorn, brier- rose,
bramble, and maple, which are seen, admired, and
I might add, loved, in the Midlands and the
northern parts of England. ST. SWITHIN.

THE WEST DOORS OF ST. PAUL'S. (See 8 th S.
x. 93.) That which in the nineties requires a flight
of fancy to realize was in the fifties a fact. The west
doors of St. Paul's were not only closed, but the
whole western end of the churchyard was enclosed
by a low stone wall, stout railings of Sussex iron,
and a locked gate. The south door of the Cathe-
dral also was shut, and the only approach to the
church was by the north door.

JOHN P. STILWELL.

Hilfield.

THE STATUB OP OLAUDIAN. It is well known
that a statue of the poet Claudian was erected
by decree of the Eoman Senate in the forum of
Trajan. He speaks of it himself, his words show-
in cr, in the opinion of Gibbon (who thinks one
ought to have been erected in his lifetime to a far
superior poet, presumably meaning Horace, satis-
fied or consoling himself with the thought of a more
durable monument, cr.re perennius), that he felt the

* The article preceding Birchin Lane in Mr. Habben's
book, namely, Billiter Street, is equally unsatisfactory.
Mr. Habben accepts the view of Stow, which the his-
torical method of inquiry shows to be clearly erroneous,
that Billiter was the name of the original builder.

honour like a man who deserved ife. According to
the 'American Cyclopaedia' (Ripley and Dana), this
was discovered at Home in the fifteenth century.
The statue itself, however, was probably destroyed
not many years after its erection, when Claudian was
involved in the ruin of bis patron Stilicho. What
was found in the house of Pomponius Lsetus in the
fifteenth century was the pedestal, injured at one
of the upper corners, with the inscription upon it.
The ' Encyclopaedia Britannica' says that it "is
almost certainly spurious," but there scarcely seems
any good reason for this conclusion. It was re-
moved from Rome to Naples, and is now in the
National (formerly called the Borbonian) Museum
there. The inscription is given in Mommsen's
* Inscriptions Regni Neapolitan! Latinae,' where
it forms No. 6794. W. T. LYNN.

Blackheath.

VANISHING LONDON.

" The celebrated coaching inn, the ' White Horse,' of
Fetter Lane, is to be cleared for building purposes.
London of last week had an excellent sketch of this
old building, and gave the following interesting reminis-
cences of Fetter Lane. It marks the westward limit of
the Great Fire of London. Richard Baxter, the renowned
divine, was Friday lecturer in the hall near Neville's
Court, after his release from prison, in 1672. Until 1885
there was a tablet upon the quaint little house, No. 16,
over Fleur-de-Lys Court, saying that

HERB LIV'D
JOHN DRYDEN,

YE POET,

BORN 1631 DIED 1700.
GLORIOUS JOHN !

Here he had for neighbour Thomas Otway, whose house
stood on the site of the present Record Office, and here
occurred the celebrated conflict of wit between the two
poets. Lamb went to school from Crown Office Row, in
the Temple, to a dingy little house in a passage leading
from Fetter Lane into Bartlett's Buildings, close to Hoi-
born. The junction of Fetter Lane and Holborn marks
the place where ' Nathaniel Tomkins, Esquire,' was exe-
cuted on 5 July, 1643, with Chaloner, for treason and
rebellion ; Waller, the poet, who was one of the plotters,
securing his life at the purchase of 10.000/. In the ' Life of
Lord Eldon ' we are told : ' After I got to town my brother,
now Lord Stowell, met me at the " White Horse," in I
Fetter Lane, Holborn, then the great Oxford house, as
I was told.' Ben Jonson, in 'Every Man out of his
Humour,' makes Fungoss say : ' Then forty shillings
more I can borrow upon my gown in Fetter Lane.' "
New Age, 4 June.

JOSEPH COLLINSON.
Brent Street, Hendon, N.W.

THE ONE-VOLUME NOVEL. In reference to the
recent efforts that have been made to issue the
modern novel in a single volume, it may be well
to note that Mrs. Gore's ' Lettre de Cachet, a Tale
of the Reign of Terror,' was published in a small
8vo. volume in 1828, and that the author writes
in her preface " in defence of one- volume novels,
as opposed to 1,200 hot-pressed pages."

E. WALFORD.

Ventnor.

8* 8. X. AUG. 22, '96.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

155

died in 1702, aged seventy- seven. Can any
reader give me further information about these
three brothers, their ancestry or descendants?
Any details about Trimnells of this family, or of
any other, will be gratefully acknowledged. Is
the connexion known between the Trimnell family
f , of Stafford and Leicester ('Visit, of Leic.,' 1619,
LOST BooK8.-In working at a bibliography of Har] Soc>> Vl 176) ^ beginning "Rogerus

Trimnell al's Trinnell de Com' Staff" born I

early English books I have come across notices of Trimnell al's Trinnell de Com' Staff" (born,
several which either never existed or are not at Bnppoae about 1610 ), an d the Trymnell family of
present to be found. ] ! should be .jnuch obliged | Wo e ster ('Visit, of Wore.,' 1569, Harl. Soc.,

xxvii., p. 137), beginning " William Trymnell of
Orley Hall in Com. Worst." (born about 1460)?
The arms of Trimnell are Or, a cross engrailed
gu., over all a bendlet az., while those of Trymnell
are Arg., a cross engrailed and a canton gu., over

to any one who could give me information on the
subject :

1. Aleock (J.). Sermo pro episcopo puerorum, 4to.,
Richard Pynson, London.

2. Berners (J.), Treatise of fishing with an angle, 4 to.,
W. de Worde, Westminster.

3. Contemplacyon of the shedding of blood, 4 to., W. de
Worde, Westminster.

4. Cordial, 4to., W. de Worde, Westminster [1500].

5. Elegantiarum viginti praecepta,,4to., R. Pynson,
London [1498].

6. Legrand, Book of good manners, fol., R. Pynson,
London, 1494.

7. Lidgate, Horse, sheep, and goose, 4to., W. de Worde,
Westminster.

8. Plowman's prayer, 4to., W. de Worde, Westminster.

9. Stanbridge Vocabula, 4to., W. de Worde, West-
minster, 1500.

10. Vineis (R. de\ Life of St. Catherine, 4to., W. de
Worde, Westminster.

11. Vulgaria Terentii, 4to., W. de Machlinia, London.
No*. 1, 2, 4, 8, 9, 10, I imagine are

with other editions and non-existent.

No. 3, was seen and described by Herbert, vol. i.
p. 208.

all a bendlet az. CHAS. A. BERNAU.

Clare House, Lee, Kent.

POEMS BY FRANCES BROWNE. References to
little poems by Frances Browne required, especi-
ally two entitled * Mark's Mother ' and ' The
Wild Swan.' Could any one suggest a book,
newspaper, or magazine where T might find these ?
I have tried some collected editions without suc-
cess. S. T. 8.

MASONIC. Could any correspondent kindly tell
me if it would be possible to find out to what
lodge of Freemasons an officer of the Parliamentary
party in 1647 belonged 1 He was an Englishman,

ordered to Ireland in

co. Cork, 1692. On his

' No/5. I know of this only from two leaves in the vi8ibl * a B( l uare and compasses a wreath of roses,

Sc^7i E ^8 bUfgh! ^ ^^ had 86en oTcfursThe 8 ' # ETb Ttlft
XT~ .._ :_ xu- "i * TT . j -m* _ leaving England, in which case it would be

No. 6 waVin the sales of Heber and Bliss. I leaV K in ft

No. 7. The copy I wish to trace belonged at one P robablv m

time to a Mr. Howorth.
No. 11. Of this book I know two editions. Of

one an almost complete copy is in the University

Library, Cambridge ; of the other, fragments are in

several libraries.

D. TOWNSHEND.

SHIFFORD AND KING ALFRED. The following
interesting passage is found in ' Magna Britannia
et Hibernia' (1727), vol. iv. p. 148 (?its first
appearance in print it is repeated in several later

Now two other copies were lately in existence. I works), and is said to be derived from " a manu-
One wanting the first leaf and two others sold in script in Sir Robert Cotton's library." Having,
Mr. Loscombe's sale in 1854. Of the other a however, searched the index and abstracts of the
tracing of the first leaf was made by Mr. Tutet Cotton MSS. at the British Museum without die-

some time in the last century.

Brasenose Club, Manchester.

E. GORDON DUFF.

TRIMNELL. William Trimnell, Dean of Win-
chester, Hugh Trimnell, Apothecary to the King's
Household (appointed 15 March, 1720), and

covery, I shall be grateful to any kind reader
wno may be able to direct me to the MS. It is
said to be in Anglo-Saxon, and is thus rendered

in I 5? deni Eng ( ! i8h ''77 . ,

There 8at at Sifford (sic) many thanes, many bishops,
and many learned men, wise earl*, and awful kniyhts
there was Earl Elfrick, very learned in the law ; and

, , ,

JJavid Inmnell, Archdeacon of Leicester and Alfred, England's herdsman, England's darling, be was

Chancellor of Lincoln, were all younger brothers of Kin B of England, he taught them as could hear him how

the celebrated Charles Trimnell, Bishop of Nor- the * 8hould Iive> "

wich and later of Winchester (born 27 December, One wishes for more of this, and would have the

1663, and died s.p.s. 15 August, 1723), and sons context, if there be any. And is there anything

the Rev. Charles Trimnell, for forty-five years more to be learned in relation to Shifford ? The

rector of Ripton Abbots, Huntingdonshire, who ' place is on the left, or Oxfordshire bank of the

156

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[8* 8. X. Auo, 22/96.

Thames, sixteen miles, by the winding course of
the river, above Oxford, and two miles above the
very ancient bridge called "New Bridge." It is
a chapelry in Bam pton- Aston (a division of the
parish of Bampton), has an area of 775 acres, and
consists of two farms, called Old and New Shif-
ford, belonging to the Harcourts of Nuneham
Park. Old Shifford stands two hundred yards
from the river margin, and a little west of the
farmhouse is St. Mary's Church, a small edifice
which replaced an older in 1863 ; it has a register
dating from 1783. Near the church (or chapel)
are a few dwellings, called on the Ordnance Map
" Coldharbour Cottages," and these, with the two
farmhouses New Shifford being three-quarters of
a mile north of the old farm now constitute Shif-
ford, so far as human habitation is implied. The
population all told is thirty-one. New Shifford
is on the public road between Standlake and
Bampton, and from it a field-road leads to Old
Shifford, where, across the river, is a ford,
doubtless that from which the place had its name.
The Directory of the county mentions a piece of
ground near the church called "Court Close,"
where it is believed Alfred the Great held his
council. Is that one council the only recorded
fact touching Shifford; and have the succeeding
thousand years passed it by unnoticed ?

W. L. BUTTON.
27, Elgin Avenue, W.

" A NELSON." A person describing a fight
between men said that one gave the other a
" Nelson," which, so far as I could gather, meant
either a knock down or a blow which went a long
way towards giving the victory to the one who
delivered the blow. Is this expression in common
use ? There is no need to ask for its origin.

THOS. BATCLIFFE.

Workaop.

SIMON FBASER. Mr. Leslie Stephen ('Diet, of
Nat. Biog.') states at p. 224, under "Simon Fraser,
Master of Lovat," p. 224, on col. 2, 1. 14, "Fraser
married a Miss Bristo, an English lady, by whom
he left no issue." Bnrke's ' Peerage,' under
" Lovat," p. 886, top of col. 1, says that this
Simon Fraser died unmarried in 1782. Now
which is correct Mr. Leslie Stephen or Burke ?

J. BOSS BOBERTSON.

Toronto, Canada.

DOPE : BROCKHEAD : FOULMART. By the
churchwardens' accounts for Asby, Westmoreland,
from 1657 to 1798, I learn it was a portion of the
duty of a churchwarden to encourage the destruc-
tion of foxes (which cost the parish 2s. 6d. each)
and other vermin. Among the latter are dopes,
for which twopence was paid. This word is not
to be found in any of the fifteen dictionaries to
which I have referred. For each brockhead
destroyed one shilling was allowed. Is this the

same animal as brock, a badger ? The catchers of
a foulmart were awarded fourpence. In some
old dictionaries this animal is described as a pole-
cat, in others a weasel. Can any correspondent give
information respecting the three animals named?
EVERARD HOME GOLEM AN.
71, Brecknock Road.

GRAHAM OF NETHERBT. William Graham
(55th Begiment of Foot) married a Miss Hersey,
an American, about 1790. Did they leave de-
scendants? A. C. H.

JOHN PEIGHTON, M.P. MIDDLESEX, 1597.
Was he John Peyton, of Iselham, Cambridge, who
was created a baronet in 1611, and identical with
the John Peyton who sat for Cambridgeshire in
1593, Castle Bising in 1601, and for Cambridge-
shire again in 1604-11 ? In the last Parliament
he is styled "Knight," having received that
honour on 28 March, 1603. W. D. PINK.

"STROGIN." Observing a query, ante, p. 7,
under the heading of ' Scottish National Music/
and taking an interest in that subject, I should
like to know what is meant by a strogin. A
tune found in an old Scottish musical MS. of the
end of the seventeenth or beginning of the
eighteenth century, said to have belonged to Dr.
John Leyden, is named 'Strick upon a Strogin.'
Perhaps some of your correspondents may be able
to enlighten me. I have been unable to find the
word in Jamieson's ' Scottish Dictionary ' or other
sources. Probably its meaning was well known in
Leyden's time. It may be a local word.

QILESITOR.

SONG OF PESTAL : "BEST, TROUBLED HEART."
Where can I find particulars of Col. Pestal, of
the Bussian army, who died a traitor to his
country (in the forties ?), and who is said to have
written the melody of this song on the wall of his
prison the night before he was shot ? Mrs. Craw-
ford wrote the English words. S. J. A. F.

" LILLILO." I notice the employment in a review
of this dialect word. I am familiar with its use in
Yorkshire, chiefly in the nursery, where any
bright flame is commended to the attention of
children as a "lillilo." I fancied the correct
spelling to be "lily" or "lilly low," from low, a
flame, and lily, soaring up as a lily. Is the
reviewer's spelling, which is that also of Halliwell,
correct ? MILES.

DIPLOMA: "BEGGAR'S BENISON." I have
before me a small parchment, thus docketed,
and purporting to emanate from "The Super-
eminently Beneficent and Superlatively Benevo-
lent Sir James Lumsdaine, Sovereign of the most
ancient and most puissant order of the Beggars
Benison and Merry land, in the Thirteenth year
of his Guardianship and in that of the Order

8" 1 8. X. Aco. 22, '96.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

157

5786." This potentate's signature is witnessed b
"the Recorder Pat Plenderleath (?)" at th
"Chambers of Anstruther," and the document i
drawn up in favour of a young nobleman, wh
in 1786 was in his twenty-first year. Afte
reciting the sovereign's care for his well-belovec
subjects, and for " the encouragement of Trad
Manufactures and Agriculture," he admits th
young nobleman as a "Knight Companion of th
most ancient and most puissant order," am
grants " our full powers and priviledges of Ingress
Egress, and Regress from and to and to and from
all the Harbours, Creeks, Havens, and Commo
dions Inlets upon the Coasts of our said extensiv<
Territories at his pleasure, and that without pay
ment of Toll Custom or any other Taxes or Impo-
sitions whatever." A seal is appended showing a
large anchor and the legend " The Beggars Beni-
son." I should be much obliged for any infor-
mation about the order or society*thus whimsically
described. The date is almost certainly 1786.

GILBERT H. F. VANE.
The Rectory, Wera, Salop.

[You will find an account of the 'Beggar's Benison '
in5 th S.xii. 98.]

JOHN ATLMER, BISHOP OP LONDON. Who
were his parents? On 21 March, 1540, the will
of one Frances Aelmer was proved (P.C.C.,
25 Alenger). Was this lady the Bishop's mother ?
From the will it is clear she was on intimate terms
with Sir William and Lady Butts. The Buttses
were a Norfolk family, and Bishop Aylmer be-
longed to the same county. Is it known at what
college at Cambridge Aylmer was educated?
What relation was his wife, Judith Bures, to
Henry Bures, of Acton, Suffolk, whose three
daughters married the three sons of Sir William
Butts, M.D. ? CHAS. JAS. FERET.

4 'ORTS." Recently I heard an Essex parson
make use of this term, in a sermon on the miracle
of the loaves and fishes, as illustrative of " the frag-
ments that remained." Upon making inquiry, I
found that this term is very commonly used in
Essex by the villagers. Upon turning to that ever
useful ' Phrase and Fable ' I find " Orts = crumbs,
refuse (Saxon oretlan, to make worthless), Gaelic
ord, Irish orda, a fragment." 'The Rape of
Lucrece ' is also quoted :

Let him have time a beggar'a orts to crare.
Is the term "orts" in use in other parts of the
country ? ETHERT BRAND.

93, Barry Road, Stonebridge Park, N.W.

LThe use extends beyond the limits mentioned.]

THE PILGRIM FATHERS. Can any of your
aders furnish me with the names of those of the

Pilgrim Fathers who, belonging to Southwark,

sailed to America in the Mayflower?

T. G. GARDINER.

WHAT IS A TOWN?

(8" 1 S. ix. 404, 456.)

I must confess to some disappointment in regard
to the replies which have so far appeared in answer
to this query. MR. PEACOCK refers to Bishop
Stubbs's 'Constitutional History of England. 1
To that I have referred in vain for the terse and
accurate definition which MR. PEACOCK led me to
expect. I presume the passage to which he refers
is that beginning, " The unit of the constitutional
machinery or local administration, the simplest
form of social organization, is the township, the
villata or vicus." In a note the learned historian
tells us that " the tdn is originally the enclosure or
hedge, whether of the single farm or of the enclosed
village." This is, of course, very interesting in
its way, but by no means explains what may
properly be called a town in England to-day.

The " dictionary definitions" quoted by CANON
TAYLOR are still less helpful. What a begging of
be question to tell the inquirer that "anycol-
ection of houses larger than a village " is a town !
When does a village become a town ? But if a
market of any kind makes a place a town, other
uestions arise. May we understand that CANON
AYLOR accepts it as a rule that no place can be a
own without a market, or that every place, in-
erior to a city, which has a market is a town ?

JAMES HOOPER.
Norwich.

A most remarkable use of "town" is in St.
uke xv. 15, in the Wycliffe- Purvey version, where
apears " he sente hym in to his toun to fede swyn,"
ith which compare ch. xiv. 18, viii. 34. The first,
probably, to attract attention to this use of " town,"
after Home Tooke, was Arnold, App. iii. Thucyd.,
vol. i. p. 655, 1830. He notices also the similarity
of origin between the Greek Srj^os, from Sta>, and
the English "town," from tynan, both verbs with
the signification " to enclose."

ED. MARSHALL.

The following extract from the manuscript of
Robt. Hawes (author of the 'History of Fram-
lingham,' 1725) on the manors of Brandeston
and Cretingham, Suffolk, may be of interest, with
regard to the affix "ton" to place-names, at first
suggestive of "town." In a former note I have
referred to this manuscript relating to the Ryvet
family.

Such an Originall had the Manor of Brandeston,
called Brandestune, or Branteetune in the Conqueror's
Survey, and before : For too' he caused the Lands to be
holden by new Tenures, yet the Cities, Towna, and
Villages did retain those old Names which were given
them by the Saxons : who in the Time of their Heptarchy,
to Defend themselves from being spoiled by the Wars,
or sodain Incursions of their Neighbours, did, instead of

Palaiido, as now used, cast up Ditches, and make

158

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[8 S. X. AUG. 22, '96.

strong Tunes (since called Hedges) thereon, about their
Houses; and these Houses, so environed with Tunes,
especially where Houses of several Persons stood near
together, and were encompassed with one Tune, gave
the termination of Tune to those Villages, as Brandes-
tune, Cloptune, &c."

J. H. KIVETT-OARNAC.
Schloss Wildeck, Aargau.

The answer to this question entirely depends on
the locale where it is put. Sir Walter Scott, in
'Old Mortality,' the date of which is 1679, thus
speaks of its application to the house of Milnwood
in Clydesdale :

" It was a universal custom in Scotland, that when the
family was at dinner, the outer gate of the courtyard, if
there was one, and if not the door of the house itself,
was always shut and locked, and only guests of import-
ance, or persons upon urgent business, sought or received

admittance at that time 'We were at dinner,' answered

Milnwood, 'and the door was locked, as is usual in land-
ward towns in this country.' " Chapter vii.

An appended note says :

" The Scots retain the use of the word town in its
comprehensive Saxon meaning as a place of habitation.
A mansion or a farmhouse, though solitary, is called the
town. A landward town is a dwelling situated in the
country."

The Chateau of Hougoumont, on the field of
Waterloo, so gallantly defended by General Byng,
appears to have been a place of this description.
JOHN PICKFORD, M.A.

As an illustration of the unsettled meaning of
the word with the old English-born Puritans
dying in New England, I would offer this, from the
will of the Key. John Ward (born at Haverhill,
England, 1606, died at Haverhill, New England,
1680), who was the son of the Rev. Nathaniel
Ward, the author of the celebrated merry conceit
' The Simple Cobbler of Agawam '(Indian for fishing
station), a tract intensely popular in England as well
as in the colonies in its day, Agawam being Ipswich,
Massachusetts, from which place the elder Ward,
in company with his son and others, started and
settled the younger Haverhill on the banks of the
Merrimac river (Indian for sturgeon) :

" Lord, into thy hands commit I my Spirit. Credo
languida fide, ted tamen fide. I give to my beloved son
Benja. Woodbridge, and to my beloved daughter, Mary,
his wife, one parcell of land, containing 30 acres more or
less, lying ate the nor-west end of the towne of Haver-
hill, N.E. I give to my beloved son, Nath 1 Saltonetall,
and to my beloved daughter his wife, my house and land
in the towne of Haverhill. Lastly I constitute and
appoynt my beloved son, Saltonstall, the executor of this
my last Will and Testament."

Twenty years previous to this will Merrick, in
his ' Description of New England,' London, 1660,
writes :

" Four leagues up this river Merrimack is Haverell, a
pretty towne, and a few miles higher up is the towne
of Andover both townes subsist by husbandry."

These three places at that time could hardly have
had more than a hundred adults in each.

The indiscriminate use of the word in New
England nowadays, as opposed to its modern
meanirg, is still kept up by many of the descend-
ants of the Puritans. This is shown in the recent
' N. & Q. 1 communication touching Gibbet Hill
(8 a S. ix. 388) of S. A. G., who there, in a single
breath, mentions Groton as being a village and &
town both. Yet I notice that the last ' Gazetteer
of Massachusetts' (1891) plainly calls Groton a
village. It may be peculiar to town history litera-
ture to ignore the widely spread modern usage of
the two words, but my observations lead me to say
that the ordinary class of beings, outside of the
farmer and the topographer, notwithstanding all
particular official designation, invariably call a
place without laid- out side- walks, containing, say,
2,000 inhabitants, a village ; one without that con-
venience, &c., up to 10,000, a town ; beyond that
number, with the enjoyment of libraries, electric
street railways, theatres, good hotels, and plenty
of bustle, a city. SALEM.

Lately visiting a small village only a few miles-
from Kirton-in-Lindsey, I found "the town"
meant the centre of the place where three roads
met in the shape of a T, in one angle of which
stood the large old barn of the glebe farm, about
the walls of which the youths and unmarried men
used to assemble in the evenings. I never there
heard the term "village," but always "in the
town" or "down the lane" or "up the road.'*
The old versions of the Bible give "town" in-
many places where we now have " village"; I have
looked out the following in the Great or Crom-
well's Bible of 1539: Mat. xiv. 15, Mat. xxi. 2,
Mark xi. 2, Luke xix. 30, Luke xxiv. 13 and 28,
Judges v. 7. Probably all the six Cranmers, April,
1540, to December, 1541, are the same, but I hav*
not time to compare, and the above are sufficient.

E. E.

P.S. I find the Eouen 1566 Cranmer agrees
with the 1539 Bible in all the above places. Thfr
Bishops' Bible, 1568-1602, gives "town" in some
places, and " village " in others.

"JACK PUDDING" (8 th S. ix. 267).

Five countries from five favourite dishes name-

The popular stage-buffoon's professional name..

Half-fish himself, the Dutchman, never erring-,

From native instinct styles him Pickle Herring.

The German, whose strong palate haut gouts fit,

Calls him Hans Werst, that is, John Sausage wit.

The Frenchman, ever prone to badinage,

Thinks of his soup, and shrugs. Eh ! voila Jean Potayti,

Full of ideas his sweet food supplies,

The Italian Ecco Maccaroni ! cries.

While English taste, whose board with dumpling smokes r

Inspired by what he loves, applauds Jack Pudding > jokes..

A charming bill of fare, you Ml eay, to suit

One dish, and tbat one dish a fool to boot. S. Bishop.

If be has not already seen them, MR. MOUN'J
may be interested in reading the above lines.

8" 8. X. AM. 22, '96.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

159

him Knight of the Gridiron, giving him a gridiron of
gold, the ensign of the Order of Ja<

ack Puddings (who

have since degenerated into Merry Andrews), which he
always wore as a mark of his sovereign's favour."

Jack Pudding was another name for Merry
Andrew.

"Twas from the doctor's [Andrew Bordel method of
using euch speeches at markets and fair?, that in after > ,
times thoge that imitated the like humorous jocose Column gives no authority for this account of the
language were styled Merry Andrews, ji term much in [ origin of the English Jack Pudding.

W. NIXON.
Warrington.

The following explanation is from 'A Dic-
tionary of the Noted Names of Fiction,' 1866,

vogue on our stages." Warton'i 'English Poetry,'
vol. iii. p. 74.

See * Things not Generally Known/ by John

Timbs, First Series.

Mr. 0. Lewis, in hi* ' Journal of a West India

Proprietor,' 1834, p. 51, refers to the procession com P lJ ed by \\. A. Wheeler, M.A. :

_r*u. T-I__ n .-_ T .- . Hansvurst [German, Jack Pudding]. A panto-

mimic character formerly introduced into German
comedies, and originally intended as a caricature of the
Italian Harlequin, but corresponding more particularly
with the Italian Macaroni, the French Jean Potage, the
English Jack Pudding, and the Dutch Pickel-herringe
all favourite characters of the population, and called
after favourite national dishes. Hanswurst was noted
for bis clumsiness, his gormandizing appetite, and his
Falstaffian dimensions. He was driven from the German

of the John Canoe in Jamaica :

"The John Canoe is a Merry Andrew dressed in a
striped doublet, and bearing upon his head a kind of
pasteboard house-boat, filled with puppet?, representing,
some sailors, others soldiers, others again slaves at work
on a plantation, &c."

What is the origin of the name John Canoe ?

, A. C. W.

Addison does not seem to be very far wrong, stage by Gottsched about the middle of the eighteenth
Puddings, and even black puddings, seem to have century." P. 164.

been favourite food amongst the populace, to judge
from the numerous references in Elizabethan comic
literature and (a better test still) proverbial

Dublin.

W. A. HENDERSON.

"RATHE-RIPE" (8 th S. ix. 426 ; x. 119). The

phrases. Very numerous proverbs showing this I Su88ex people eagt and wesfc call the rat he-ripe
are given in_Hazhtt> ' Proverbs (see also Hazhtt's | apple P the P r ' at her-ri P e. It ripens early, aid
P-

notes to * Lusty Juventus,' p. 78 of voL ii. of
Hazlitt's 'Dodsley'). An interesting account of

quickly rots. In the short interval it is delicious.

. - - A . . i "Very-ripe" would be a better descriptive name ;

he characteristics of the Pickelharing and other but J rat he-ripe" is, of course, correct, from
typical buffoons of the German stage will be found hr<xth A n e .-SaI, early. W. D. PARISH.

at pp. xcm to cviu of the introduction to Creize-

nach's valuable work ' Schauspiele der Englischen I FOUBERT'S RIDING ACADEMY (8 th S. x. 109).
Komodianten,' which contains a full account of the Sir Edward HarJey, writing to his wife on 6 July ?
travels of the English comedians in Germany, &c., 1680, says :

in Shakesperian times.

Waltham Abbey, Essex.

A. COLLINGWOOD LEE.

Monsieur Foubert, who for his religion was driven
out of France, has set up an academy near the Hay-
market for riding, fencing, dancing, handling arms, and)

T ~. , , I mathematics. He is greatly commended and has divers

Kirke s beven Champions of Christendom,' as persons of quality. 1 was with him and like him very
toted in Strutt's * Sports and Pastimes, 1 has : well, so that if you dislike not I would have Robin spend
'"'Have you any squibs, any green men, in your 80me time there." ' Hist. MSS, Com., Fourteenth Ke-
shows, and whizzes on lines, Jack-pudding upon port '' App ' pt ' iL 366 '

the rope, or resin fireworks?" (1638.) The same Robin, who afterwards became the famous Earl
book refers also to a mention by Grainger of a of Oxford, was accordingly sent to M. Foubert's
Jack Pudding, a mountebank named Hans Buline academy in 1681. From the letters addressed to-

_ Ai_ -w f+ "' I u. ; . i_ i^?oi .. .3 I

in the reign of James II.

EDWARD H. MARSHALL, M.A.
Hastings.

In ' Random Records,' by George Colman the ( manners
of the puddings made by

Dame

him in 1681 and 1682 it would appear that " the
French academy," as it was sometimes called, was
situated in Sherwood Street, Piccadilly (Ibid.+
pp. 370, 371, 374). A curious account of the
and habits of M. Foubert's pupils is
by one Edmund Nicholas, whose letter to
Robin is dated from Sherwood Street, 9 Jan.

M , .,

r M f r y lebone 8emin ?ry> 1682/3 (Ibid., p. 374). I should perhaps add that
a _ P r , lon of h18 earlv Vacation, in on ' e iUance the name of the street

"Sherard Street."

;and of puddings generally, says :

^John Brnn d ' "^^f: instruc t h ^ [the reader] that I see Wheatley and Cunningham's

Brun, of Norfolk, was ordered up to Court, and '
jointed cook to King John, of Magna Charta memory
account of his skill in pudding-making; when, so
was John Brun's fame, that he was called Jack

is given as

ftn j
and

With regard to this variation
London Past
vol. iii. p. 239. G. F. R. B.

* MARMION TRAVESTIED ' (8 th S. ix. 328, 374>

- -- -^M^Wf nuciw uc VTCU9 VCbUCU */ BlUiL ir i , i i

mg throughout the kingdom ; and being the first ~~ Mv thanks are due to the correspondents who
ever broiled these dainties, the monarch instituted [ have given information. It does not yet appear

160

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[8 :h S.X, AUG. 22/96.

how so bold a libel, affecting such prominent per-
sonages, went unpunished, at a time when Lord
Ellenborough presided in the King's Bench. The
separate dedications, omitted from the edition of
1811, occupy fifty-six pages in that of 1809, and
are collectively inserted between the " Advertise-
ment," which is a preface of nineteen pages, and
the travesty itself. G. Hazard was the printer.
KICHARD H. THORNTON.
Portland, Oregon.

JEWISH COMMENTARIES ON THE OLD TESTA-
MENT (8 ln S. ix. 168, 431).! have a copy of a
most valuable and useful work on the Hebrew
Scriptures, containing paraphrases, translations,
and commentaries. The title-page runs thus :

The work appears to be the result of ripe scholar-
ship, thoroughly up to date, and presents in a
concise form the Old Testament from the point of
view of a modem Jewish Professor of Divinity.
I should think it is the very thing MR. HOOPER
has been looking for. G. YARROW BALDOCK.

BLENKARD (8 th S. x. 116). This was discussed
8 tto S. vi. 89, 398, 473. W. C. B.

SOURCE or QUOTATION WANTED (8 tto S. x. 76).
The source of the saying obviously is the story
of Mark Antony's fishing misadventures, told by
Plutarch in his ' Lives.'

EDWARD H. MARSHALL, M.A.

Hastings.

DRAWN BATTLE (8 th S. x. 49). Does "drawing-
room " for l< withdrawiog-room " (if, at least, this is
still thought good etymology) make more likely
DR. MURRAY'S derivation ?

C. F. S. WARREN, M.A.

Longford, Coventry.

WALLOONS (8 tto S. ix. 468). If your corre-
pondent will refer to my list of * Church Registers '
given in ' N. & Q.,' 8 th S. vii. 382, he will find
that the ' Registers of the Walloon or Strangers'
Church at Canterbury,' Baptisms, 1581-1684,
also the ' Registers of St. Dunstan's, Canterbury,'
1559-1800, have been printed, and are, therefore,
accessible in that form.

EVERARD HOME COLEMAN.
71, Brecknock Road.

THE BLAIRS PORTRAIT OF MART, QUEEN
OF SCOTS (8 tb S. x. 48). This celebrated picture
was exhibited at the Stuart Exhibition in 1889,
being numbered 39 in the Catalogue, and there
fully described. It was well reproduced as a full-
page picture in the Graphic of 23 March, 1889,

and very good representations were also given in
the Scottish Art Review of September, 1888, and
the Art Journal of January, 1889.

JOHN T. PAGE.
5, Capel Terrace, South end-on-Sea.

* DREAMLAND' (8 th S. x. 94). In 'Christian
Ballads,' by the late Bishop Arthur Cleveland
Coxe, the date of the first edition of which is
1840, ia a poem entitled * Dreamland' (capital D).
It is a Utopian description of a primitive church :
In Dreamland once I saw a church ;

Amid the trees it stood;
And reared its little steeple-cross
Above the sweet green- wood;
And then I heard a Dreamland chime

Peal out from Dreamland tower,
And saw ho w Dreamland Christian folk
Can keep the matin-hour.

JOHN PICKFORD, M.A.
Newbourne Rectory, Woodbridge.

THE "PADOREEN" MARE (8 th S. ix. 289, 412,
461). May not this mysterious racer have been
named after Padreen MacFaad,orPaudhereen Fadh
his name is spelt both ways the notorious high-
wayman, whose daring arrest and robbery of
General Napier was the talk of the time ? The
episode is worthy of relation. Napier had expressed
surprise that this noted marauder should be at
large. Padreen heard him, and swore vengeance.
With two brothers named Crossagh he laid his
plans. I excerpt a portion of the story from the
Dublin Penny Journal, 1833:

" Knowing that the General was to march next day
over a long narrow bridge, in a valley where the current
had failed, Padreen took his station, with his associates,
near the bridge, and some of them under the arches. The
General, at the time expected, advanced at the head of
his troop at a brisk trot, and when they got on the
bridge his horse was suddenly shot under him and]
Padreen MacFaad appeared. A show of resistance was 1
attempted, but one of the Crossaghs roared aloud in'
their rear and presented a blunderbuss, with which he
swore to do bloody execution on the man who would put!
hand to holster or sword. Padreen, in the mean time I
stood before them in no very inviting attitude, a pisto.
in each hand and his belt stuck full of daggers. Whet I
thus completely jammed in on each side by the curtairi
walls of the bridge and attacked front and rear, MacFaacI
informed the General who he was, and commanded him!
on the peril of his life, to give order to his troops tha I
they should suffer themselves to be tied, one aftel
another, by his associates, who had ropes prepared fo|l
the purpose. The commander was obliged to givi
orders accordingly; and the men were compelled t
submit to inglorious bonds till all were firmly secured." jj
Now oaths wildly eounded, and pistols were flashing,
And horses high bounding, and broad swords wer|^

clashing ;

The demon of plunder in glory did revel,
For Shane and stout Padreen laid on like the devil ;
Till at length fairly routed the whole scarlet squad
Were tied neck and heels, by brave Padreen MacFaad. j
I can add nothing to what has been said by D ; j
Cox. The following notes have reference to horsi i

8" 1 8. X. Aoo. 22, '96.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

161

It is possible that I may have misunderstood
E. L. G.'s meaning, but if I have not it is clear
that E. L. G. and John Richard Green are not in
agreement. ALFRED HARCOURT, Col.

mentioned by him, and may be of interest in con
nexion with the victory of Black and all Black, an
event which seems to have created a considerable
sensation. The following is an advertisement,
dated 1750 :

"This is to give notice to the Public, that the battle , LEAD^LETTERING ON SEPULCHRAL MONUMENTS
which was to he fought in Dublin, at the Back-sword, (8" 1 S. ix. 425 ; x. 10, 82). With reference to
between Mr. James Dalzel of England, and Mr. Edward the REV. W. R. TATE'S question as to the fidelity
Sill of Ireland, is, at the request of several noblemen and o f the translation of Job xix. 23, 24, in the A. V.,
gentlemen, to be decided at the Cockpit at Kilcullen '
Bridge, the day that Black and all Black runs at the
Curragh, for fifty guineas and the whole house, and
whoever gives the most bleeding wounds, in nine bouts,
hall, by approbation [stc], have all the money. The

perhaps Renan's rendering may be usefully given,
viz. :

doors to be opened at 9 o'clock in the forenoon, and fight
between 11 and 12. Front seats, 55. 5d"

In the Monthly Chronologer for Ireland, April,
1749, 1 find : "His Majesty's plate of 100 Guineas
was won by Mr. O'Neill's grey mare Irish Lass."
W. A. HENDERSON.
Dublin.

Oh ! qui me donnera que mes paroles eoient ecrites,
Qu'elles soient ecrites dans un livre, qu'elles soient gravees
Avec un stylet de fer et avec du plomb,
Qu* a jamais elles eoient sculpte'es BUT le roc.

In a note Renan says : " On coulait du plomb dans
les creux kisses par le burin sur les malic-res
dures, pour rendre les traces plus visibles." It
will be observed that Renan's version differs but
little from the A.Y., but he avoids the solecism in
the use of the word " printed " in the latter. In
verse 25, however, the celebrated words " I know

the latter entry, writes as follows': "With regard I f hat my Redeemer liveth," are rendered by the
---- , ... . . . , B l learned Frenchman,

THE PRIMITIVE DISTRIBUTION OF LAND ON
OUR PLANET (8* S. ix. 408, 457). E. L. G., at

Car, je le sais, mon vengeur existe.

JAMES HOOPER.

to the magnetic needle, it is not more affected, on

the whole, by one of the earth's poles than by the

other. At the equator it stands horizontal, and

elsewhere it dips to the nearest pole." The English I Norwich.

of this would seem to be that at the equator the ,

magnetic needle runs parallel with the equatorial MILITARY STANDARDS (7"> S. x. 326, 377).

line, and that below the equator it points due P APT - HOLDEN says standards were not borne by

south and above the equator due north. In con- infantl 7 regiments. I do not know the technical

nexion with this subject I annex the following difference between standard and colours; but in

from 'Geography,' by Sir Geo. Grove ("History 165 the Duke of St - Albans' Regiment bore two

MW " *t.J?A.J 1 T_l T>* 1 3 f* I atan/1 at/ia Stna fVo i/\Yral nwtvta +ViA svtVtAM Vi i .-. rt ^.--

Primer," edited'by J'ohn Richard Green):

" There are two lines on the Earth's surface along
which the needle does point to the true north, and
neither of the two has any connexion with parallels or
meridians, but seems to cross them at haphazard. One
of them sweeps up from the Antarctic Circle, enters the
East coast of S. America in S. lat. 24, a little south of
Rio Janeiro, leaves it again at Cayenne, north of the
mouth of the Amazons, crossea the Atlantic outside the
West Indian islands, enters N. America near Cape
Hatteras, and runs to a point N.W. of the Hudson Bay.
The other line lies nearly opposite across the world, and
is much more irregular in its course. It too comes up
from the Antarctic Circle and enters S. Australia in
.. long. 129 S. lat. 32, in the Australian Bight. It
leaves it again in King's Sound, lat. 17 S. and long. 123E.,

standards one the royal arms, the other his coat
of arms. I should be very glad of any information
about this duke or his regiment.

E. E. THOTTS.
Sulhamstead Park, Berks.

VECTIS (8 th S. x. 115). For three different
views see (1) Guest's ' Origines Celtics?,' vol. ii.
pp. 32, 33, 37, 38 ; (2) Edmunds's ' Traces of His-
tory in the Names of Places,' p. 286 ; (3) Canon
Taylor's 'Words and Places,' pp. 48, 208 (ed.
1878). FRANCIS PIERREPONT BARNARD.

St. Mary's Abbey, Windermere.

Vectis is a Latin perversion of the older British

, . 11 ------ v "a" ** v *"> I ** J^wviM, JJV1. T 1 1 Ol^/U, \JL LUC VJlliCi. AJ

na, talcing a sudden bend to the west, passes outside of name of the Isle of Wiaht This an w W

sr A ^^

Caspian, passes between Lakes Ladoga and Onega, and channel > tne channel being evidently the Solent,

iters the Arctic Sea near the North Cape. Along these as I nave endeavoured to show in ' Names and

i there is no variation of the compass, but the needle their Histories,' pp. 262 and 295.

points straight to the due north, and as you leave them T 8AAr

on either side it varies. To the east of them it points 18AAC

ie west of the true north, and to the west of them
to the east of the true north, more and more as you

west At Th 6 e Tes or

variation eome together at two placed frbne. ? s north Sf
Hudson s Bay near Port Kennedy in 70 N lat. 97 W aou e vear A - D -

The Isle of Wight was called Vecta or Vectis
by the Romans at the invasion of Britain by

bv ^espatian
Plln 7 al o refers to it in

LA second is in the Antarctic regions 73 S. lat his ' Natural History,' iv. 30, A.D. 72. Akenside,

I in his Hymn to the Naiads,' 1L 141-2, says :

162

NOTES AND QUERIES. [8*s.x.A.22,'96.

Of Thames, or Medway's vale, or the green banks
Of Vecta, Bhe her thundering navy leads.

In 1825 George Brannon, of WoottoD, Isle of
Wight, published the second edition of a book of
views entitled 'The Vectis Scenery,' a copy of
which is in the British Museum.

EVERARD HOME COLEMAN.

71, Brecknock Road.

1 COR. ii. 9 (8 th S. x. 115). This has been
discussed 6"> S. i. 195, 423 ; ii. 377, 478 ; 7 th S. i.
349, 434. W. C. B.

^ SCHOOL LISTS (8 tt S. iz. 261, 443). By the
kindness of some correspondents of ' N. & Q.' I
am able to make the following additions and cor-
rections to the lists already given :

Stonyhurst. Stonyhurst Lists, 1794-1894, by John B.
Hatt, Stonyhurst, 1886, 8vo.

Ackworth. List of the Boys and Girls admitted into
Ackworth School, 1779-1879, London, 1879, 8vo.

Castle Howell. Castle Howell School Record, Register
of Pupils, 1850-1888, by David Davis, Lancaster, 1888,
4 to.

Lancing. Calendar of the Corporation of 88. Mary
and Nicholas, Lancing, London, 1896, 8vo. (Contains
Lists of Admissions to Lancing, Hurstpierpoint, and
Ardingly Schools, at pp. 48-82.)

Radley. Calendar of the College of St. Peter, Radley,
Oxford, 1895, 16mo. (contains Admissions, 1847-1892).

Shrewsbury. Lists edited by the Rev. J. B. Auden.
(I have not been able to see this book.)

Wakefield. History of Grammar School, by M. H.
Peacock, Wakefield, 1892, 8vo. (Register of Pupils,
1604-1891, at pp. 201-225.)

Winchester. Winchester Commoners, 1800-1890, by
C. W. Holgate, London, 1891-3, 8vo., 2 vols.
At 8 to S. ix. 443, add to Bradfield, line 11, " 1850-
1888." Add to London, University College,
" London, 1892." Wellington College Register was
printed in 1890. GEORGE W. MARSHALL.

In connexion with the centenary celebrations of
the Ulster Provincial School, Lisburn (a Quaker
school), two years ago, a complete list of the
scholars was published officially by the School
Committee. This is not in MR. MARSHALL'S Hat.

J. H. Q.

Chelsea, S.W.

I think it must have been in or about 1893
that Mr. Temple Orme prepared and published a
list of past scholars of University College School,
London. I regret that I have not the book by me,
but MR. MARSHALL will no doubt be able to
obtain particulars as to date and publisher either
from Mr. Orme, at the School, or from the
librarian of the School Library.

MAURICE BUXTON FORMAN.

G.P.O., Cape Town.

STRAPS (8 th S. ix. 468 ; x. 11, G3). The stories
relative to public statues this query has brought to
light suggests the following. The finest granite
statue and pedestal in London and probably in

Sngland is that of King William III., at the
London Bridge end of King William Street. Its
sculptor was, if I remember rightly, a young Irish-
man, a native of Belfast. He secured the commission
at a very low price ; so low, indeed, that almost
the whole sum was expended by him in " sharpes "
i. ., in his blacksmith's bill, for *' points," and
sharpening tools. He was assured, however, that
f he pat the circumstances fairly before the powers
that be he would get an additional grant ; but
after mnch weary waiting, he received a curt
refusal to the application. This had such a sad
effect upon the spirits of the accomplished but
discouraged artist, that, in a fit of despair, he pat
an end to his life. The figure was his first and
last great work. HARRY HEMS.

Dorf, Schiermonnikoog.

It may be worth noting in this connexion that
in the famous antique bronze equestrian statue of
Marcus Aurelius, now on the Capitoline Hill in
Rome, the rider is represented without stirrups.

J. T. F.

Bp. Hattield's Hall, Durham.

The equestrian statue of the Duke of Wellington
in front of the Royal Exchange, erected 20 June.,
1844, possesses neither stirrups nor straps.

JOHN PICKFORD, M.A.

Newbourne Rectory, Woodbridge.

The same story is attached to the equestrian
statue of William III., in College Green, here.
It is said the sculptor forgot the stirrups, and
made one leg longer than the other. Having
discovered these faults, and not being permitted
to remedy them, he hung himself. This statue
was erected in 1701 by the citizens of Dublin to
commemorate the revolution. The story seems to
be going the round concerning all " King Billy's "
monuments. Perhaps it is true of one of them.
W. A. HENDERSON.

Dublin.

THE FOUNTAIN OF PERPETUAL YOUTH (8 th S.
ix. 468). The authority for Dr. Brewer's state-
ment, in further particulars, is this :

" Referunt in Borucca insula. quae ab Hispaniola orbis
novi MCC. passuum millibus distat, fontem in vertice
montis esse qui senes restituat, noii tamen canos mutet,
nee tollat jam contractas rugas. Cujus rei praeter per-
eeverantem famam locuples testis Petrus Martyr An-
gerius Mediolaneneis, a secretis Regis olim Hispaniarum,
in suis decadibua orbis nuper inventi. Cardanue, de Sub-
tilitate, lib. de Elementis." Beyerlinck, ' Lit. F.,' 658 B. :

The nearest approach to an ancient legend about
perpetual youth is that which Bacon states inj
respect of Prometheus, in 'Wisdom of the An-f
cients,' xxvi., taken from ^tjlian, 'De Natural
Animalium,' vi. 51, and the 'Theriaca' of Nican-;
der:

7 12yvytos 8' apa fj,vOo<s tv alfyoicri <o/oaTcu, K.T.*
But this shows rather how the gift of perpetual;

8*8. X.

NOTES AND QUERIES.

163

youth, obtained for a short time, was in a momen
lost to man and transferred to the serpent, ex
changed by the ass that carried it at the KpT/jvrj
/on*, Lat, to allay its thirst. It is the coinmoi
story in ancient mythology. For a long notic
aee'N. & Q.,' 4* S. ii. 202, 305.

ED. MARSHALL.

In 1513 tidings reached Haiti of the island o
Bimani, in the Bahamas, which, from the resem
blance of the name, the Spaniards identified wit]
Palombe, a place in Asia, where in his travels Si
John Mandeville asserted that there was a
miraculous fountain of youth, of which h
affirmed that he had himself drunk. Palombe was
an imaginary name, Mandeville having cribbed hi
account of the place and its fountain from a letter
purporting to have been written by Prester John
which we now know to have been spurious I
was in search of this imaginary fountain that Juan
Ponce de Leon and his followers sailed on the expe
dition which discovered the Bahamas and traversec
Florida, where they drank of every fountain

i which they came across, in order to test whether

I it possessed the required properties.

ISAAC TAYLOR.

I do not recollect in the Latin or Greek Classics
any reference to the " Fons Juventae" an idea
which must have sprung up in later times. In the
first book of the '^Eoeid,' when the goddess
mother wishes to invest her son with the charms oi
youth, it is not by immersion in any fount, bat by
divine " afflation," if I may coin such a word, that
ahe proceeds :

lumenque juventae

Purpureum et laetos oculia adflarat honorea.

E. WALFORD.
Ventnor.

The query under this head seems to require
fuller treatment than can be contained in a few
words. At the outset, the problem presents itself
whether the legend of the fountain is derived from
some localized cult or has its origin in a widely
diffused myth. In classic mythology I can find
nothing to support the view ; but there are many
of the cults of the Greek and Latin states of
which I am ignorant. The earliest analogy which
I have been able to trace in tradition and myth
of the healing or purifying power of a lake, river,
or pool, is to be found in the Bible (2 Kings v.),
where Naaman the Syrian is told to go and wash
in Jordan seven times and he should be clean.
We find other somewhat similar instances running
throughout Semitic tradition. Whether the Greeks
"borrowed their myth of the rendering invulnerable
of Achilles by being dipped in the river Styx from
the Semitic it is impossible to say. It is to be
noted, however, that these rivers appear to have
had these marvellous powers only under certain |
conditions ; and a coincidence worthy of note

is that the Jordan is sometimes referred to as
the Styx of Christian my thology that is, the
dividing line between the material and the spirit
worlds. The idea of the personification of the
revivifying forces of nature is common in classic
mythology, and, too, accounts of the restoration
of youth are to be frequently found (Brewer
gives several references under this head, which I
have not taken the pains to verify) ; but these do
not seem to aid us materially in determining the
origin of the legend, although possibly derived
from these sources.

Coming down to post-Christian times, however,
we discover the legend of the fountain of perpetual
youth of more or less frequent occurrence through-
out the whole range of Aryan mythology. These
traditions seem to have had an equal mixture of Chris-
tian credulity and pagan superstition in their com-
position. We read of many holy wells and springs
existing during the dark ages; springs which a
saint had charmed out of the ground by his
prayers were supposed to have healing properties.
On the authority of Gregory, the Alamanns, Franks,
and Saxons worshipped rivers and fountains. In
the time of Augustine the potency of holy wells
appears to have been acknowledged in Libya,
although denounced by the fathers as a relic of
paganism.

" In Germany other circumstances point undisguisedly
to a heathen consecration of water : it was not to be drawn
at midnight, but in the morning before sunrise, down

stream and silently, usually on Easter Sunday Thig

water does not spoil, it restores youth, heali eruptions."
Grimm's 'Teutonic Mythology' (ed. Stallybrass),
p. 586.

A man bitten by an adder would not die if he
could jump over the nearest water before the
adder (Lenz's ' Schlangenkunde,' p. 208). A ques-
tion arises whether many of the springs supposed
,o cure disease and restore youth did not have
rue medicinal properties ; some of them certainly
did. Certain it is, also, that the Middle Ages
herished the idea of a jungbrunnen. Nor was
he idea confined to the Teutonic nations, similar
>eliefs being found in Spain, Denmark, and other
European countries. The fountain of youth was
Iso supposed to be situated in Florida, and thither
'once de Leon sailed in search of it. See, further,
Grimm's 'Teutonic Mythology' (ed. Stallybrass),
i. 1456, and a brief but interesting account of
well worship in Gomme's 'Ethnology and Folk-
ore.' A. MONTGOMERY HANDY.
New Brighton, N.Y.

CANNIBALISM IN THE BRITISH ISLKS (8 th S. ix.
29, 216). In 'Lives and Exploits of English
lighwaymen, Pirates, and Robbers, drawn from
most Authentic Sources, 1 by 0. Whitehead,
839, there is an account of " Sawney Beane, the
Ian Eater," pp. 23-26. The truth of the narra-
ve is said to be " attested by the most unques-

164

NOTES AND QUERIES.

. x. AUG. 22, '96.

tionable historical evidence," though it seems
utterly incredible. The narrative states that Beane
was born in East Lothian, about eight miles east
of Edinburgh, in the reign of James I. of Scot-
land, that he was idle and vicious, and left his
home with a woman as bad as himself, and went
to a desert part of Galloway, where they lived in
a large cave on the sea-shore. Whitehead
says :

" In this cave they commenced their depredations, and
to prevent the possibility of detection, they murdered
every person they robbed. Destitute of the means of
obtaining any other food, they resolved to live upon
human flesh, and accordingly, when they had murdered
any man, woman, or child they carried them to their
den, quartered them, salted the limbs, and dried them
for food. In this manner they lived, carrying on their
depredations and murder, until they had eight sons and
six daughters, eighteen grandsons and fourteen grand-
daughters, all the offspring of incest."

They were eventually all taken and put to death.

How far is Whitebead's ''historical evidence"
"unquestionable"? F. 0. BIRKBECK TERRY.

The reference to his communication to ' N. &
Q.' in respect of the passage of St. Jerome, which
in his late notice of the subject MR. OSWALD
HUNTER BLAIR, O.S.B., states that he has for-
gotten, is to 8 tn S. ii. 156, with which is to be
taken, for other contributors, p. 165. There is a
full examination of the subject.

ED. MARSHALL.

SCOTTISH CLERICAL DRESS (8 th S. ix. 245, 358).
I am sorry no correspondent has yet given me
some new references. The following extracts refer
to the diocese of Moray :

"The Synod off the Diocie of Murray holden in the
kirk of Elgin upon the 13 and 14 dayes of April, 1624.
The Visitors of the Book of Invernes reports that ye
brethern haunts to ye Presbitarie with uncomly babitte,
such as bonats and plaids, wbairfor the assemblie ordains
them not to haunt ye Presbitarie any mair with uncomly
habitts."

4 February, 1640. " That all members be grave and
decent in thair apparrell. That none wear long hair,
but yat both in lyf and habite they may be known by
their mein to be ye ministers of Jeeus Chryet."
Dunbar's ' Documents relating to the Province of Moray,
1895, p. 39.

WILLIAM GEORGE BLACK.

Glasgow.

" NAPOLEON GALEUX " (8 tb S. ix. 365 ; x. 82).
D. G. P. is probably incorrect in stating that the
Duke of Wellington had acid baths when in Bom-
bay for a " psoric " affection. In Good's ' Study
of Medicine,' fourth edition, 1834, vol. i. p. 329
occurs the following :

" Another remedy to be spoken of, which of late years
has excited great attention, is the diluted aqua regia

bath, invented by the late Dr. Scott He commence<

his experiments in India, where, on account of the
greater degree of torpitude the liver is apt to acquire
than in more temperate climates, he was in the habit o
forming his bath stronger and making it deeper than he

found it proper to do in our own country, and where nearly
thirty years ago he plunged the Duke of Wellington into
one up to his chin for a severe hepatic affection he was
then labouring under, and thus restored him to health in
a short time."

So that it appears the duke's disease for which he
took the acid baths was of the liver, not of the
skin.

If the duke was jaundiced from the affection, it
is possible he remembered in latter years the itch-
ing on the skin which sometimes accompanies
jaundice, and confounded this sympton with the i
disease for which he took the baths, so making the
error of thinking that he then had some " psoric "
affection. W. STKES, M.D. F.S.A.

Gosport, Hants.

The ' Life of Napoleon Buonaparte/ by William
Hazlitt, gives a similar account. I have not a
copy of the original edition for reference, but in
;he edition published by Wiley & Putnam, 161, 1
Broadway, New York, 1847, at p. 218 of vol. L I
lie following passage occurs :

" It was at the siege of Toulon that, standing by one
of the batteries where a cannoneer was shot dead at his
side, Buonaparte took the rarnrod which had fallen out j
of his hands, and charged the gun several times. He by \
;his means caught an infectious cutaneous disease, which
was not completely cured till many years after, and

hich often did great injury to his health."

H. E. M.

St. Petersburg.

COUNTESS OF ANGUS (8 th S. ix. 508). Sh
Robert Douglas, in his ' Peerage,' edited by J. P.j
Wood, 1813, vol. i. p. 66, says :

" Upon her (Margaret, sister and coheir of Thoi
Stewart, third Earl of Angus, and wife of William, fii
Earl of Douglas) resignation in Parliament, 1389, Kir
Robert II. granted the earldom of Angus, with the 1<
ships of Abernethey, in Perthshire, and of Benkyl, ir|
the county of Berwick, in favour of George de Douglas '[
her son, and the heirs of his body, whom failing, to Sii-j
Alexander de Hamilton, and Elizabeth, sister of th<j
said countess (wife of Sir Alexander Hamilton of Inner j
wick), and the heirs procreated or to be procreate' 1
betwixt them, reserving to the said countess the frai
tenement of the earldom and lordships aforesaid, dui
all the days of her life. The earldom of Angus beinj
afterwards restricted to heirs male, is now vested in
Duke of Hamilton, descendant and representative in
line of George, Earl of Angus."

JOHN RADCLIFFE.

The limitation of this earldom as granted i:|
1389 was altered (after resignation) in 1547 tl
"heirs male and assigns whatever"; such regran!
being confirmed 11 Nov., 1564, ratified by Parli
rnent 19 April, 1567, and held valid against Al
claim of King James VI. of Scotland, who was
heir of line. See fuller particulars in ' The Con,
plete Peerage,' by G. E. 0., vol. i. p. 98, note 0.

G. E. C.

UMBRIEL (8* S. ix. 507; x. 53, 118). P*i
bably your correspondents may be right as to tl

8 th 8. X. Aua. 22, '96. J

NOTES AND QUERIES.

165

origin of this name. It was the frequent mention
of the game ombre in Pope that made me think i
might have a similar origin. I have to thank COL
PRIDEAUX for reminding me of the letters in the
Athenceum ten years ago, which I was much inter
ested in at the time, but had forgotten when ]
wrote my letter. It is worthy of notice that Prof
Sayce thinks that what Benaiah is related to have
achieved in 2 Sam. xxiii. 20, and 1 Chron. xi. 22
was not the slaughter of two lion-like men o
Moab (as the Authorized Version conjectural!}
renders), or two sons of Ariel (as the Revised Ver
sion alters it), but the destruction of two Moabiti
altars, which he had reached under cover of a snow
storm. Prof. Sayce also thinks that Isaiah calls
Jerusalem Ariel, not as a metaphorical designation
but as an ancient name of that city.

W. T. LYNN.
Blackheath.

HEIR-MALE OF THR MAXWELLS OF NITHSDALE
OR CAERLAVEROCK (8 th S. ii. 24, 364 ; ix. 408
x. 106). If F. C. P. will read our note carefully
through he will see that we make no mention of
the heir-male except in the heading. We were
replying to SIGMA'S query about the Lieutenant-
General and his descendants, and were obliged to
adopt the heading he had chosen.

F. C. P.'s note amused us. If we had known
all about Alexander Maxwell we would not have
wasted the valuable space of ' N. & Q.' by asking
for information. He is supposed to be a grandson
of Alexander Maxwell, the upholsterer, who was
born in 1696, and who lived and died in London
(? where), but whose history is otherwise unknown.
After the death of Alexander's mother (nte Eliza-
beth Manley), his father married a Miss Norris (?),
and by her had three daughters and a son, named
Joseph, who married, and also had three daughters
and a eon. This son (Joseph junior) was manager
in some firm of iron merchants in Blackfriars.
His sons (names unknown) were teachers in New-
man Hall's chapel. We have not been able to
trace this branch further. Can any reader say
where they or any of their descendants are now
living ?

In the marriage licences of the Diocesan Registry
of Worcester occurs the following, which we think
partly answers F. C. P.'s third question :

" Sept. 19, 1724. Charles Maxwell of St. Jamea in
London, upwards of 23, bachelor, and Margaret M c Braire
of St. Swithin'a in Worcester, upwards of 25, maiden.
Allegation by Robert M'Braire of St. Swithin's aforeiaid,
gent., and William Moorhead of the city of Ely, gent."
Which St. James would this be ? They were not
married at St. James's, Clerkenwell.

The Lieutenant-General's two sons (see our note)
were William, born at Dominica, 1817, and Chris-
topher, born at St. Christopher, 1821. William's
history is quite unknown to us. Christopher died
at Auckland 13 Feb., 1872, leaving a widow,

Emily Wernham Maxwell, who was then living at
49, Upper Berkeley Street, Portman Square. His
will, at Somerset House, mentions his children as
minors, but does not give their names.

BERNAU AND MAXWELL.

" IRPE" (8 th S. x. 50, 118). It is pleasant and
interesting to have the opinion of so high an
authority as PROF. SKEAT on this difficult word.
But I hesitate to accept the suggestion that the
text of ' Cynthia's Revels ' in this point is unsound.
" Irpe " first appears in the quarto of 1601. If
it is a mistake, we should expect it to be corrected
in the 1616 folio of Jonson's works, where the
word reappears in both passages. This folio is
very carefully printed, evidently under Jonson's
supervision, as the elaborate punctuation show?.
There are interesting touches of revision which
tell against the theory that a blunder such as
PROF. SKEAT suggests has been overlooked. A
very instructive instance (which the editors ignore)
is the opening of V. iv. in ' Every Man out of his
Humour,' where Carlo Buffone enters a room at
the "Mitre Tavern" and calls for the drawers.
Holme's quarto of 1600 the earliest makes him
say, "Holloa: where be these shot-markes ? "
Linge's quarto of the same year, thinking to correct
a misplaced r, prints "shot-makers." But the
folio of 1616 gives what was evidently the original
reading "shot-sharks." After this it is difficult
to believe that " irpe," if it were a blunder, would
have kept its place in the text. My own feeling
about the word is that it is Court slang ; but I
have no proof. PERCY SIMPSON.

CLOCK (8 th S. x. 28, 122). Godfrie Poy, 1720-
1729, was the maker of a very fine quarter-repeater,
having the inner case pierced and repouss6 ; hall-
mark 1729 ; outer case shagreen. Another of his
works is a black pull- chime bracket clock. A
Godfrey Poy was living at 78, Mortimer Street in
1790. ARTHUR F. G. LEVESON-GOWER.

Athena.

PRINCE CHARLES AND MLLE. Luci (8 ll) S.
x. 75). At this reference I asked whether any
one could throw light on Mile. Luci, a corre-
spondent and friend of Prince Charles (1749-52).
Nobody has replied ; but I now believe that the
ady was a Mile. Ferrand, of a Norman family, a
friend of Condillac and other philosophes. Any
nformation about Mile. Ferrand except that
given by Grimm in his anecdote of Prince
Charles in hiding at the Convent of St. Joseph-
will be very welcome. A. LANG.
1, Marloes Road, W.

MARQUIS OP GRASBY'S REGIMENT FOR GER-
MANY (8 th S. x. 115). Where does this designa-

ion occur ? The Marquis of Granby was appointed
Colonel of the Royal Horse Guards 13 May, 1758,

ust before the embarkation of the regiment for

166

NOTES AND QUERIES.

. X. Aua. 22, '96

Germany. But the Eoyal Horse Guards, though
known as the Oxford Blues in the long colonelcy
of their first colonel, would not have been likely
to be known as Granby's Horse at the time in
question. Granby, however, was at the head of
the regiment at Minden, 1 August, 1759, though
the immediate command would naturally have
been held by the lieutenant-colonel. Granby's
-first commission was as Colonel of the Leicester
Blues, a short-service regiment of foot, raised in
1745 and disbanded in 1746. In 1760 he was
appointed Colonel of the 21st Light Dragoons or
Eoyal Foresters, a regiment which was disbanded
in 1763 without having had an opportunity of
serving in Germany. KILLIGREW.

SKULL IN PORTRAIT (8 th S. ix. 109, 357, 412 ;
x. 102). It seems probable that the skull was
introduced into portraits in order to enhance by
-contrast the beauty of the flesh, and not for any
other purpose. There is, however, a portrait by
Titian of his daughter Lavinia, which was etched
by Vandyck, in which there is a skull at the right-
hand lower corner, which seems to have some
peculiar significance. Lavinia, who was married
to Cornelio Sarcinelli, a noble of Serravalle, died
in childbed, and in the etching, which bears the
following inscription, Titian has introduced his
own portrait caressing his daughter :

Ecco il belvedere ! 6 che felice sorte
Che la frittifera frutto in venire porte
Ma ch' ella porte 6 me ! vita et morte piano
Dimonatra 1'arte del magno Titiano.

In a subsequent engraving of this portrait the
rude Italian verse was replaced by the following
more elegant lines :

Ecce Viro, quae grata suo eat, nee pulchrior ulla

Pigniora conjugii ventre pudica gent ;
Sed tamen an vivens an raortua, pieta tabella
Haec magni Titiani arte notunda refert.

The portrait is erroneously said to be a portrait
of Titian's mistress ; but the Abbe* Cadorin, in his
celebrated work 'Dello amore ai Venez : ani d
Tiziano Vecelli,' is of opinion that it represent
the painter's daughter, who died at the age of abou
thirty-five, Titian being at that time about eighty
four. JOHN HEBB.

Willesden Green, N.W.

TOUT FAMILY (8 th S. x. 77). It may help you
correspondent to know that the above is a common
name at Huish Champflower, in Somerset, and tha
the present writer has known two or three familie
of Tout there. At this moment there are threi
generations living. As to the meaning of th
name, I suggest that it is the old word toot
originally to blow a horn, then to blow as a signal
then simply to signal, lastly to give the signa
that a shoal of fish is in sight. There are severa
toot-hills on our western coast, whence the moderi
finer gives notice to his brother fishermen. Th

name Toothill or Tuthill is not uncommon ; in my
neighbourhood it has worn down to Tottle, of
whom there are several families.

F. T. ELWORTHY.

ST. UNCUMBBR (8 th S. x. 24, 78, 122). I have
>nly just now, on my return from vacation, seen
he query which MR. E. LEATON-BLENKINSOPP
addresses to me, as to the manner in which St.
Jncumber came to be connected with St. Paul's
Cathedral. How much I wish that I could give
, satisfactory answer to the question. It happens
hat I am preparing a paper upon this very remark-
tble personage ; and the information which ha
desires would be most acceptable to me, if I could
>rocure it. I can, however, add to that which
las already appeared in ( N. & Q.' a very curious
extract from a letter addressed by George Robyn-
son to Cromwell, Lord Privy Seal. It is dated
16 July, 1538.

The writer says that he has visited Powlles,
and that he found there St. " Uncumber standing
n her old place and state, with her gay gown and
silver shoes on, and a woman kneeling before her
at eleven o'clock to God's dishonour. If the King
puts them all away, he will have the blessing that
King Josias had " (' Letters and Papers, Foreign
and Domestic,' Henry VIII. 1538, vol. xiii. part i.
No. 1393). The note about the silver shoes suggests
some considerations which I must reserve for my
paper. W. SPARROW SIMPSON.

[See 1" S. i. 287, 342; in. 404; L nd S. ix. 164; 4' b S.
vi.559.]

SAMUEL PBPYS (8 th S. ix. 307, 489 ; x. 33, 96,
142). In my reply to MR. DAVY I stated that
the words referred to in the query, "Beauty,
retire ! " together with the character to whom
they are addressed, do not even exist in the first
part of the * Siege of Rhodes.' I should like to
amend this statement, which is incorrect. The
character does exist, the words and the circum-
stances under which they were spoken do not.
GEORGE MARSHALL.

Sefton Park, Liverpool.

" FEER AND FLET " (8 th S. x. 76).-Flet= home.
This I know for certain. But when I say that
feer=1ood (fare), I am only guessing. Will MB.
FERKT take the guess for what it is worth?

CHAS. A. BERNAU.

SOUTHEY'S ' ENGLISH POETS ' (8 th S. ix. 445 ;
x. 11;. MR. BIRKBECK TERRY asks if I have for-
gotten Pope's lines on Hope that springs eternal.
I may answer that I remember them perfectly,
and remembered them when writing my note on
Rogers ; but that I did not feel it necessary to do
more at the time of writing than draw attention to
Mr. Saintsbury's inaccurate reference.

THOMAS BAYNE.

Helenaburgb, N.B.

8*S.X.Auo.2V96.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

167

NOTES ON BOOKS, &0.
The Poetry of Robert Burnt. Edited by W. E. Henley

and T. F. Henderson. Vol. II. (Edinburgh, Jack.)
THE second volume of the splendid centenary edition of
Burns of Messrs. Jack contains the posthumous poems.
Of these, some few see the light for the first time. Not
specially important, as may be imagined, are these, a
really significant trouvaille being no more probable in the
case of Burns than in that of Shakspeare. With so much
zeal has every tcrap been hunted up, partly through
the affection and reverence felt for the poet and partly
for the benefit of successive edition?, that the fact that
discoveries are yet being made is a subject for surprise.
A quatrain which now first sees the light is addressed to
the Hon. William R. Maule, of Panmure, and is suffi-
ciently venomous. Eight lines on ' Marriage,' which
follow a few pages later, are from a MS. in the possession
of the publishers, and are much more characteristic of
the poet. The most noteworthy of the additions is a
sonnet upon sonnets, printed from a MS. in the possession
of Mrs. Andrews, of Newcastle. It is in the hand-
writing of Burns, and is, as in a note the editors point
out, one of the many pieces produced in imitation of
Lope de Vega on the sonnet,

Un soneto me mando hacer Violante,
and of Voiture's better-known lines on the rondeau,
Ma foy ! C'est fait de moi. Car Isabeau, &c.,
and is decidedly the weakest we have seen. The editors
may well have been exercised in their minds as to whether
it " be very Burns or merely a copy in Burns'e hand-
writing." Counsel has been taken with experts, such
aa Dr. Garnett and Mr. Austin Dobson, and it has been
" assumed " that the sonnet, which for the rest is un-
known, is one of Burns's " few metrical experiments."
Very far from being experts are we, but we do not find
in it a trace of Burns. In addition to poems and other

<itters, abundant use has been nude by the editors of
the opportunities afforded them. The notes retain their
interest. The bibliographical note, which stands first,
furnishes all necessary information concerning successive
editions of the posthumous poems. That on ' The Jolly
Beggars ' reveals a large amount of curious information,
I and will be highly prized by students of early literature.
The notes generally are indeed admirable, being ample
and not oppressive. The arrangement of the poems, with
gloesarial explanations by the side of the text and refer-
I ences to notes for explanations, is naturally the same
as before. Among the illustrations to what may well be,
for the present generation at least, the final and autho-
ritative edition of the text, are well-executed facsimiles
of poems and portraits admirably reproduced. The com-
pletion of this handsome edition will be eagerly anti-
cipated.

\A- Index to Norfolk Pedigrees, and Continuation, of
Index to Norfolk Topography. By Walter Eye.
(Norwich, Goose.)
I MR. RYE is one of the very few enthusiasts who devote
their time and abilities to indexing. It is a laborious
talk, and to mnke a really serviceable index requires not
only industry, but a kind of skill with which very few
persons are blessed. We cannot speak of it as a lost art,
but it seems to us as time passes on that the really good
indexes become fewer and fewer. Madox's 'History of
the Exchequer ' has an excellent index, and so have most
of the calendars and chronicles in the Rolls Series ; but
I we have never encountered an edition of any one ot our
| standard historians wherein the index is satisfactory.

The Index Society did good work for a time, but it re-
ceived little support. We believe its labours are now at
an end. Were we to give a catalogue of works which
show how indexes should not be made, we should run to
an unreasonable length. An amusing example is to be
met with in the English version of Victor Helm's
' Wanderings of Plants and Animals,' where the fact
that at one time Spain suffered from a plague of rabbits
is indexed under the word " Overrun." It may also be
not out of place to note that when, in 1853, the Uni-
versity of Oxford reprinted Whitelock's 'Memorials'
from the folio edition of 1723, in 4 vols. 8vo., the expense
of a new index was saved by reprinting the old one,
giving the folio pagination in the margin. Such a course
could not have been excused had the old index been a
good one, but, as a matter of fact, it is execrably bad.
Under one name only that of Rainsborough we have
detected eight errors, and are by no means sure that we
have found them all.

The greater part of the work before us consists of an
index to Norfolk pedigrees. It it, so far as we know, by
far the most laborious work of the sort existing in our
tongue. No one who takes interest in the history of
Norfolk can carry on his inquiries without it being beside
him. Mr. Rye thinks, and we are almost certain that be
is correct, that this " is the first time that any one has
tried to give references to MS. as well as to printed
sources." On this point he begs for mercy, fearing that
imperfections and omissions will be numerous. That the
author cannot have examined all MSS. relating to Nor-
folk is certain, but we believe his care as an indexer to
be such that there will be very few blunders. Of course ,
it is absolutely impossible to steer clear of misprints
altogether.

Some fifteen years aeo Mr. Rye published for the Index
Society an ' Index to Norfolk Topography,' which genea-
logists both here and in America have found most use-
ful. The second part of this volume is a continuation of
the former work. Since it was published, Mr. Rye has
become the possessor of important topographical MSS.
compiled by Anthony Norris, Le Neve, and Tom Martin.
He has also carried on his researches among MSS. and
printed books in various places. The present issue i
less in bulk than the former one, but is, in our opinion,
of more value, as the Norris, Le Neve, and Martin collec-
tions had been for many years inaccessible to the public.
Mr. Rye is good enough to tell us in his preface that they
are now freely open to any one who desires to consult
them who will make an appointment with him to do
so. This is a great favour, for which all genealogists,
especially those of the eastern shire*, cannot be too
grateful.

View of the Pleasure Gardent of London. (Rogert.)
WE have here a handsome volume, which will delight
the antiquary and be indispensable to every collection
of books dealing with London. No attempt has been
made to write a history of the most celebrated bygone
pleasure gardens of London. Seventeen views of these
resorts are reproduced in very handsome and attractive
style, and are accompanied by references to the gardens,
chiefly poetical, from past writers, including Samuel
Pepyp, Ned Ward, Thomas D'Urfey, Samuel Foote
George Colman, Alfred Bunn, and others. Interesting
enough are many of the extracts supplied, most of them
from old and in some cases forgotten magazines and
papers, chiefly of the last century, such as the London
Magazine, the Whitehall Evening Pott, the Vauxhall
Papers,' the Gentleman's Magazine, &c., but including one
poem with an accompanying illustration from Punch of
1844. In other cases the ballads, street bills, and adver-
tisements of the various gardens have been laid under

168

NOTES AND QUERIES.

.X. AUG. 22, *9&

contribution. This portion of the work baa undergone
revision, the publisher having carefully excised the
coarsenesses tolerated in the seventeenth and eighteenth
centuries, but out of keeping with the taste of to-day.
In ao doing he has fitted the book for the general
circulation at which in a sense he aims. The chief
charm of the volume lies, however, in the illustrations.
A picture of Vauxhall by Wade which serves as a
frontispiece gives a general view of the gardens in the
middle of last century, with the open country beyond. It
is from the 1754 edition of Stowe, edited by Strype, and is
the best illustration of these gardens extant. Of Rane-
lagh Gardens two excellent views one presenting the
exterior with the canal, rotunda, &c., the other the
interior are furnished. Two admirably executed illus-
trations of Bagnigge Wells are also supplied. There
are, besides, pictures of Busby's Folly, Islington, with a
view of St. Paul's from the bowling green, the " Eagle
Tavern " pleasure grounds, City Road, the Marylebone
Gardens, Sadler's Wells, Mew Tunbridge Wells, Isling-
ton, and the White Conduit House. Tickets of
admission, advertisement posters, and bills of the
entertainments are also reproduced. The whole is
executed in unsurpassable style type, paper, and en-
graving being of the highest class. The volume is,
indeed, an edition de luxe, and as such is issued in a
limited number. With the great demand now existing
for memorials of old London, it is sure to become a
rarity. Those who possess the original plates can be
but few. Amateurs will accordingly be delighted to
have them in this pleasing shape.

Scottish Poetry of the Eighteenth Century. Vol. I.

(Glasgow, Hodge.)

WE have here a iurther contribution to the " Abbotsford
Series of the Scottish Poets," edited by Mr. Eyre Todd.
The editor claims for the Scotch bards of the last cen-
tury that while the English poetry of the days of Queen
Anne and the early Georges has been treated with dis-
dain not wholly unmerited, a true note of song was
struck by the Scottish poets. There is some truth in
this. If we except Allan Ramsay, the Scotch poets of
the last century have left no considerable literary bag-
gage. Much that they have done is, however, genuine
poetry, inspired and informed by folk speech and a
keen sense of the beauty of home scenes and emotions.
First in order there comes the ' Tweedside ' of Lord
Yester, a short poem of two stanzas, which yet has the
true singing note, and at least points the way to Burns.
The last is the tender ballad of ' Cumnor Hall,' of which
Scott was a great admirer. Between them there are
plenty more pieces similarly musical, as * Logic o' Buchan '
and the like, with others of different quality but no less
merit, such as ' The Castle of Indolence ' of Thomson,
with extracts from Home's 'Douglas' and Falconer's
' Shipwreck.' The introductory sketches are well exe-
cuted. If, possibly, the amount of eulogy seems occa-
sionally excessive, it is a fault on the right side. The
series when complete will convey a good idea of Scottish
poetry during its entire development.

Pocket County Companions. Lancashire, Derbyshire,
Hampshire, Berkshire. By Robert Dodwell. (Tylston
& Edwards.)

VEBY convenient in shape, and quite adapted to be
slipped into the traveller's pocket, are these four open-
ing volumes of a new series. This is, however, the least
of their recommendations. They supply a large amount
of information and gossip of the most attractive and read-
able kind. After a preliminary chapter on the county
itself and a map reduced from the Ordnance Survey, the
towns and places of interest then follow in alphabetical
order. Names and particulars are given of distinguished

residents, and a large amount of information, much of it
of interest to the folk-lorist, is supplied. See, for instance,
what is said in the volume on Berkshire concerning
Shottesbrooke, or on Lancashire of Proud Preston. In
Hampshire one may with interest study the legend of
Bevis and Ascapart. Derbyshire naturally abounds with
references to ' Peveril of the Peak.'

THE publications of the Field Columbian Museum
(Chicago, U.S.A.) give evidence of much careful work.
For instance, a Contribution to the Ornithology of San
Domingo, by George K. Cherrie, contains observations of
great interest made during a trip for collecting birds in
the winter of 1894-95. Among other facts mentioned
by Mr. Cherrie is the curious silence of the West Indian
woodland. "During the years spent in Central America,'
he says, " I constantly wondered why any one could ever
speak of the birds of the tropics as being voiceless or
songless ; but my experience at Catare and in San
Domingo in general gave me abundant solution of the

problem At Catare, where I did my first collecting,

the most striking peculiarity to me about the region was

the utter silence of the forest Birds were common

enough, but in the semi-twilight of the forest they flitted

noiselessly from branch to branch In the open

savannas and along the edges of the forest the mocking-
birds are almost always singing, but the forest itself is
silentsave on those rare occasions when that wood-
spirit, the Myiadestes, sets every nerve a-tingling with
pleasure; but the Myiadestes are rare as their songs/'
In British Columbia, too, according to English settlers,
song-birds are scarce in the forest, but wherever clear-
ings are made feathered minstrels appear and dwell in
close neighbourhood with man. Another publication of
the same Museum is Sundry Collections of Mammals, by
D. G. Elliot, F.RS.E., which contains valuable notes,
accompanied by illustrations of skulls, which will be wel-
come to all students of mammal osteology.

A NEW volume of " The Camden Library " is announced
for early publication by Mr. Elliot Stock. It will treat
of 'The History and Development of Ecclesiastical
Vestments, 1 and is written by Mr. R. A. S. Macalister.

a ta

We mutt call special attention to the following notices:

ON all communications must be written the name and
address of the sender, not necessarily for publication, but
as a guarantee of good faith.

WE cannot undertake to answer queries privatelv.

To secure insertion of communications correspondents
must observe the following rule. Let each note, query,
or reply be written on a separate slip of paper, with the
signature of the writer and such address as he wishes to
appear. Correspondents who repeat queries are requested
to head the second communication "Duplicate."

A. E. HALL (" I slept and dreamed," &c.). The author
was Mrs. Ellen Hooper, of Boston, U.S. See 6 th S.
v. 139.

JAMES DALLAS (" Boose=Drink "). See 'New Eng-
lish Dictionary,' s. v. " Boza, bosa."

NOTICE.

Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The
Editor of ' Notes and Queries ' " Advertisements and
Business Letters to "The Publisher "at the Office,
Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.G.

We beg leave to state that we decline to return com-
munications which, for any reason, we do not print ; and
to this rule we can make no exception.

8"' 8. X. AM. 29, '96.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

169

LONDON, SATURDAY, AUGUST 29, 1896.

CONTENT S. N 244.

NOTES : Harsenet'a Discouerie ' Casanoviana, 169 Hun-
irate Russian Folk-lore Gosford Wedding Folk-lore
Dickens's House, 172 Richardson's House Portrait of
Archbishop Thomson Relics of Founders of Sects Faunt-
l er0 y _ Cardinals Winston Bridge, 173 Proverb Isaac
Schomberg London Topography : Pentonville Strowan's
MSS. Names used Synonymously New Dramatist, 174.

QUERIES: "Montero" Cap Silver Heart " Boss "-
Mainwaring Deed Douglass Tombs Tomb of Mahmood
of Ghuznee 'Siddoniana' Portrait of Keats Anglo-
Norman Pedigrees, 175 Song Wanted Sir W. Billers
Sir John Gresham The House of Commons Drayton :
Birds Sherwood " Compostella " Bp. Ezekiel Hopkins
Scott Family John Athern, 176" Louvre " Bloxam
"Colded" Authors Wanted, 177.

REPLIES : Dante's Caorsa, 177 Mrs. Browning's Birth-
place Salter's Picture of Waterloo Dinner Charr in
Windermere Thackerayana, 178 Portrait of Lady Nelson,
179 Sir R. Viner Victor Hugo, 180 Jack Sheppard
Oxford in Early Times Domesday Survey Cat alani
" Pilomet " Book Prices, 181 Inkhorns Bachope
Domesday Oak Wedding Ceremony Lord John Russell
" Brucolaques," 182 " Slop " Artthor Wanted Tan-
nachie Dundee. 183 " Whoa ! " Coinage Pompadour,
184 Weeping Infant " Populist " Pye-house, 185
Rider's 'British Merlin' Ladies Scott ' Anatomy of
Melancholy 'Battle of the Nile Burns at the Plough-
Chalking the Unmarried Authors Wanted, 186.

NOTES ON BOOKS : Cowper's 'Canterbury Marriage
Licences ' Gosse's ' Critical Kit-Kats 'Crowe's ' Eliza-
bethan Sonnet Cycles 'Brown's 'Authorship of "The
Kingis Quair"' Baring-Gould's 'English Minstrelsie'
Thomson's 'Biographical and Critical Studies' Ward's
' Shakespeare's Town and Times ' Le Bon's ' Crowd.'

Notices to Correspondents.

HAESENET'S ' DISCOUERIE,' &o.
(See 1" S. ii. 342.)

Will any kindly reader help me to verify a
passage quoted at the above reference ? The writer
of the short note to which I refer is no less a person
than MR. WILLIAM J. THOMS, the first Editor of
( N. & Q.,' so accurate a person and so exact in
his citations that I cannot conceive it possible
that he has made an error. I knew him too well
to arrive at such a conclusion.

He cites this passage :

" And the commending himselfe to the tuition of S.
Uncumber, or els our blessed Lady."

And he gives as the source from which it is taken
Harsenet's ' Discouerie,' &c., p. 134.

I suppose that the book indicated by this short
title is the following :

A DiscoYery of the Fraudulent practises of John
Barrel Bacheler of Artes in his proceedings concerning
the pretended possession and dispossession of William
Somers at Nottingham, &c. London. Imprinted by John
Wolfe, 1599.

The "Epistle to the Reader" is signed S. H.,
and the authorship of the tract is attributed to
Samuel Harsnet, successively Bishop of Chicbester
1609-1619, of Norwich 1619-1628, and Archbishop
of York 1628-1631. There is a copy of the book
in the British Museum (719, d. 7), and it is quite

certain that the passage cited is not to be found on
p. 134. Nor can I find it on any one of the 324
pages contained within the covers of the work.

The controversy of which this book forms part
was the cause of two other publications :

1. A True Narrative of the Strange and Grevous Vexa-
tion by the Devil of 7 persons in Lancashire and William
Somers of Nottingham. By John Darrell, Minister of
the Word of God. Printed 1600.

2. [A Detection of the Silnnful Shamful Lying and
Ridiculous Discours of Samuel Harshnet entituled A Dis-
coverie of the fravvdvlent practises of lohn Darrell.
Imprinted 1600.

Both these tracts, which, like that first named,
are in small quarto, are in the British Museum,
bound into one volume (8630, e. 39). I have ex-
amined each of them, and do not find the object of
my search.

It occurs to me, however, that there may be
some other edition than that which I have used of
" A Discovery," &c.; and I am the more disposed
to think so because ME. THOMS cites the title as A
" Discouerie," which is not the exact form of the
British Museum copy.

Of course, it is quite possible that in turning
over, rather rapidly, 324 pages, I may myself have
overlooked so short a sentence ; but I am quite
certain that it does not occur on p. 134. Will
some one help me to find the passage ?

W. SPARROW SIMPSON.

CASANOVIANA.

(Continued from p. 92.)

In the middle of May, 1761, Casanova left
Turin, the bearer of a letter of introduction to
Lord Stormont, who was expected at Augsburg as
one of the plenipotentiaries at the forthcoming
" Congress of Peace." The British envoys on that
occasion were Lords Egremont and Stormont (our
Ambassador in Poland) and General Yorke (our
Ambassador in Holland). As all the world know?,
that Congress, from which so much was expected,
broke up in September, barren of results. At
Augsburg Casanova made the acquaintance of
Count Maximilian Lamberg, who bore the high-
sounding title of " Grand Marshal to the Court
of the Prince Bishop." Lamberg possessed a strong
literary faculty, and, being a profound scholar, pub-
lished several works that commanded attention.
It is only necessary here to mention his * Memorial
d'un Mondain,' in which Casanova is frequently
mentioned. This acquaintance ripened into
friendship, and formed the prelude to a long
correspondence, which ended only at Count Lam-
berg's death in 1792. Possibly, nay, almost
certainly, these letters are still in existence and
worthy of research. On 31 Dec., 1761, Casanova
arrived in Paris and took up his quarters for a month
at an apartment which had been prepared for him in
the Ruedu Bac by the notorious old Marquise Jeanne

170

NOTES AND QUERIES.

[8*8. X. AUG. 29, '90.

d'Urf i 1 , whose insatiable superstition, and invincible
folly encouraged Casanova, while pretending to
work miracles, occasionally to live at her expense.
The peculiarities of this extraordinary woman are
thus summed up by M. de Montbrison* :

" Tous lea memoires de oette epoque font mention de
la Marquise d'Urfe qui e'occupait d'alchimie, et travail-
lait sans relache a la decouverte de la pierre philosophale.
II n'eat pas necesaaire d'ajouter, qu'elle fut dupee par
plueieurs fripons, qui sous le pretexte de venir dans son
riche laboratoire travailler au grand- ceuvre, lui ravirent
plus de quinze cent mille livres, c'est a dire presque toute
sa fortune.''

It is only necessary to add that this eccentric
woman died in July, 1763, having unintentionally
poisoned herself by imbibing a decoction of her
own invention for the indefinite prolongation of
life. When her will was opened it was found to
contain a clause appointing as her heir the child to
which she would give birth after her death. By
codicil she appointed Casanova guardian and tutor
to that child :

"While waiting for the birth of this posthumous
infant (whose putative father was no less a personage
than the sun), the Marquise du Chatelet entered into
possession of Madame d'Urfe's fortune, which amounted
to two millions of francs. The clause referring to my-
self caused me the deepest mortification, for I well knew
that it would expose me to the gibes of the whole of
Paris."

Casanova quitted Paris on 25 Jan., 1762, the
recipient of many costly presents, and the bearer
of a letter of credit for a large sum of money
which Madame d'Urfe had given to him as a mark
of her gratitude. After a short absence at Metz,
Casanova paid Madame d'Urfe a visit at her
country residence, three leagues from Paris :

" The Chateau of Font-Carre, where the Marquise
resided for a considerable period in each year, was
situated in the forest of Armanvilliers. It was a kind
of fortress, and had resisted several sieges during the
Civil Wars. It was built in a solid square, flanked by
four embattled towers, and was surrounded by a deep
moat. Its rooms were spacious, and luxuriously ap-
pointed with antique furniture. The chateau was infested
by fleas, which ravaged our bodies, and made me regret
having promised its mistress to spend a week in that
place. But, as I could not with decency curtail my visit,
I resolved to make the best of a bad bargain."

Casanova's rambles with Madame d'Urte over
various parts of France, Belgium, and Switzerland,
have no historic interest ; we will therefore pass
over that interval. When, in the summer of 1762,
Casanova reached Geneva, he was told that Voltaire
had just ceded ' Les polices ' to the Due de Villars
the eccentric individual mentioned in a previous
note and was then residing at Ferney. At th
commencement of December, 1762, Casanova
reached Turin. One evening, at a ball, he met a
young man whom he describes as " Lord Percy

* ' Les d'Urfe, Souvenirs historiquea et litteraires d
Forez au XVI et au XVII Siecle,' par Auguflte Bernard d
Montbriaon, Paris, 1839, vo), i. p. 195.

on of the Duchess of Northumberland ; a young
ool who was lavishing large sums of money in
lissipation."

In accordance with a set purpose to elucidate
nd verify such statements, I have been at some
jains in this matter. The present creation of the
dukedom of Northumberland dates from 1766. It
herefore follows that the young nobleman in ques-
ion must have been a son, probably a younger son,
)f that Earl of Northumberland who, some years
ater, was raised to the dignity of a duke. In 1763
jord Northumberland was appointed Lieutenant-
general and Governor of Ireland (see 'Annual
Register,' 1763, p. 128). The following extracts
rom contemporaneous periodicals may be cited.
St. James's Chronicle, 3 Sept., 1763 :
" Wednesday week is the day fixed for the departure
)f the Earl and Countess of Northumberland for Ireland.
They will be accompanied by Lord Warkwortb, and the
3 on. Algernon Percy."

St. James's Chronicle, 20 Sept., 1763 :
"It is said that a treaty of marriage is on foot
between the Right Hon. Lord Warkworth, eldest eon
f the Earl of Northumberland, and the third daughter
f the Earl of Bute." Public Advertiser.

The statements contained in those paragraphs
are inconsistent with the assumption that the
poung spendthrift in question was Lord Percy,
[n 1762 there was no such man as Lord Percy,
and certainly there was neither Duke nor Duchess
of Northumberland. I am inclined to think that
the young gentleman alluded to was the Hon.
Algernon Percy, a younger son of Lord North-
umberland, whom Casanova, with the usual cour-
tesy of foreigners, temporarily raised to the brevet
rank of a lord. He tells us that young Percy gave
him a miniature of his mother by way of an intro-
duction to that lady, a circumstance of which he
made good use on his subsequent visit to London.
The * Annual Register' for 1763 contains a
detailed account of the public reception accorded
to the two Venetian envoys, Monsignore Querini,
and the Procurator Morosini, who, having dis-
embarked at Greenwich, entered London in state
on 12 April, 1763.

The London Magazine for April of that year
contains a sketch of the Venetian state coach used
on that occasion. During their sojourn in London
the envoys resided in Great Ormond Street. On
13 May, 1763, the two ambassadors took final
leave of their majesties, and Monsignore Querini
received the honour of knighthood. Towards the
close of that month Casanova met at Lyons a young
Venetian named Mem mo, who occupied a box at
the theatre in close proximity to his own. Memmo
informed him that the Venetian envoys, with Count
Strafico, a professor in the University of Padua,
were in an adjacent box. Casanova, being per-
sonally acquainted with them, lost no time
paying his respects. The envoys informed

8" 8. X. Atra. 29, '96.J

NOTES AND QUERIES.

171

that they had recently left London, and were
returning to their own country. This statement
is another evidence of the historical accuracy of
the ' Memoirs.' From Lyons, Casanova journeyed
to Paris, where, at the house of Madame d'Urfe,
he met the precocious son of Madame Gornelys,
whom he invariably styles "le petit Aranda."
Madame Cornelye, who at that time resided in
London, had written to beg Casanova to bring the
boy to England. In accordance with that request,
Casanova, in company of the young Cornelys, left
Paris at the beginning of June. They made the
journey on horseback, and on arrival at Calais put
up at the Hotel du Bras-d'Or. Finding only one
vessel available for the passage to Dover, Casa-
nova, on payment of six guineas, chartered that
packet. On 27 Aug., 1763, the following notice
appeared in the St. James's Chronicle :

"The price of passages from Dover 4o Calais, in con-
sequence of the great increase of passengers, is risen
from ten shillings and sixpence to fifteen shillings each."

This sudden efflux of tourists was one of the results
of the recent declaration of peace.

While Casanova and his young friend were at
supper, the landlord announced the arrival of a
courier in the service of the Duke of Bedford, Eng-
lish Ambassador at Paris. The landlord seemed to
be in a terrible fluster, the said courier having,
with the usual pugnacity of his nation, challenged
the skipper of the packet to fight because he would
not surrender his vessel to the Duke of Bedford :

" ' The man has only done his duty,' remarked Casanova.
' I am the present proprietor of that vessel, and I shall
not surrender it to any one.' "

Next morning the landlord informed Casanova
that the Duke of Bedford's valet was outside, wait-
ing to speak with him :

" The man, on being admitted, told me that affairs of
the greatest importance made it imperative for his grace
to reach Dover without delay, and ended by imploring me
to surrender my undoubted claim to the vessel. I told
the duke's valet that 1 considered myself fortunate in
being able to render a service to the English ambassador,
and that I was willing to place the packet at his Excel-
lency's disposal provided that three places were reserved
for myself. A moment later the valet returned, and offered
me six guineas. I told the man that I was not a packet
H^'< nt, and said that it was enough for me to know that
I was rendering a slight service to his Excellency.
Shortly afterwards the duke himself entered my apart-
ment, and after mutual compliments said that he could
not accept so great a sacrifice without personally express-
ing his gratitude ; and ended by asking to be allowed to
bare the expense. To that proposition I agreed, and,
with renewed excuses and thanks, his Grace retired to
hin own apartment. Shortly afterwards we embarked;
a favourable breeze filled our sails, and brought us safely
to Dover in lees than three hours."

This accidental meeting with the Duke of Bed-
ford enables us to fix the date of Casanova's arrival
in London with tolerable precision.

On 8 June, 1763, the following paragraph
appeared in the St. James's Chronick ;

" The Duke of Bedford was to have his audience of
Leave of the Most Christian King on Sunday the 29th
past."

And in the same journal, 16 June :

" Yesterday his Grace, the Duke of Bedford, waited
on his Majesty at St. James's for the first time since his
arrival from France, and was most graciously received."

John, fourth Duke of Bedford, was born in
September, 1710. In 1756 he was appointed
Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, and in 1762 was ac-
credited as Minister Plenipotentiary to the Court
of France ; in which character he signed, at
Fontainebleau, the preliminaries of peace with
France and Spain. He died in 1771.

Casanova thus notes his first impressions of this
country :

" England has characteristics peculiar to itself. It is
a land of mists and fogs, where the sun's rays seem to
penetrate an atmosphere like oiled paper. In order to
become reconciled to the prevailing gloom it is necessary
to remain a long time in the British Isles. A protracted
residence is also necessary to assimilate British modes of
thought. For instance, it took me a long time to under-
stand the full meaning of the word ' comfortable.' The
visitor, on his first arrival upon British soil, inhales a
salinous vapour, which permeates everything, and which
cannot be avoided. The bread, meat, and beverages
(always excepting unadulterated wines) are all im-
pregnated with that sea savour. Its odours are exhaled
from the sheets, towels, and tablecloths ; in fact, from
every household utensil. Everywhere in England one is
conscious of the proximity of the sea, that ocean which
seems to mingle in a mysterious manner with the life-
blood of this aquatic people. The men have a marked
personality, which they are at no pains to conceal. In
accordance with a natural pride that prevails to a great
extent in every civilized country, Englishmen are justly
proud of their native land. But they advance a step
further, and have fully persuaded themselves that they
belong to a race of human beings immeasurably superior
to all others on the face of the globe."

It may be noticed, in passing, that Casanova was
not insensible to the natural beauty of the country,
and the evident marks of prosperity among its
inhabitants :

"Along the entire route from Dover to the capital
I had occasion to admire the beauty of the land-
scapes the neatness and cleanliness of the cottages. It
was a little less than sixteen hours after leaving Dover
when we entered the busy streets of London."

The period of Casanova's arrival coincides with
an event for ever memorable in the annals of
literature. It was in the month of May, 1763,
that Boswell (then a young man of twenty-two)
was first introduced to Dr. Johnson at No. 8,
Russell Street, Covent Garden.

RICHARD EDOCDMBE.

Hotel d'Evolene, Valais, Suissc.

(To be continued.)

HUNGATB. There is an old by- street in Nor-
wich called Huogate, said by Blomefield and
others to be so called because the hounds of the
bishops were kept there. Kirkpatrick, who died

172

NOTES AND QUERIES. [8*ax. AUG. 29,

in 1728 (twenty-four years before Blomefield died)
pointed out that the street was known as Hunde
gate in the time of Henry III., and Houndegate in
the time of Richard II.,
"perhaps from the sign of a dog there in antient time
and, from the street, the Church of St. Peter here stand
ing had the addition of Hundegate, now corrupted tc
Hungate, of which name there is a family of note in
Yorkshire, whereof Philip Hungate, Esq., was created a
baronet in 1642."

A living writer, Mr. Mark Knights (' Highways
and Byways of Old Norwich,' 1887, p. 75), asserts
that this Norwich Hungate was so named because
it was the way to the Hundredgemot.

But, besides this Norwich Hungate, there are
streets of the same name at Aylsham, Beccles, and
Emneth, and one in the city of York, mentioned
by MR. BRIERLEY (p. 69 ante).

Canon Isaac Taylor, in the smaller edition of
' Words and Places/ states that the name Hun-
stanton may be due to the Huns. But it hardly
seems likely that these old town streets should
have any connexion with those barbarians. Of
the three derivations given above I doubt if any
one of them is applicable to all the Hungates, if,
indeed, to any of them.

Street and local names in Norwich have afforded
matter for much ingenious guessing, e.g., Coslany,
Cows Long Island, and many more. Perhaps,
when the "Gates "of York have been fully dis-
cussed, I may have something to say about the
street names of Norwich. JAMES HOOPER.

Norwich.

RUSSIAN FOLK - LORE : THE BOORS AND THE
BILLY-GOAT. Among the peasants in the Orloff
Government the belief in witchcraft lingers on
according to a writer in the Orloff News, quoted in
a recent number of the St. Petersburg Novosti
and witches are still accredited with the super-
natural power of assuming the shapes of certain
animals (dogs, goats, swine, and others). A cha-
racteristic though unadorned little anecdote is
given by the above correspondent in illustration of
this superstition :

" It befell that a party of country folk belonging to a
village named Pal'na were returning home in the eve
of St. Peter's Day (the 29th June last, Old Style). They
had been hospitably entertained by their cronies in a
neighbouring hamlet, and were in right merry pin.
Suddenly, in the gloaming, they overtook an old black
goat, walking demurely along the road in the direction
they were going. To one of the women the aspect of this
creature, which kept even pace with her, appeared un-
canny, and, inspired by bold John Barleycorn, she adminis-
tered to it a sound kick in the ribs by way of a hint to sheer
off. The goat eyed its assailant in mute astonishment and
displeasure, but continued to advance, keeping close beside
her. Now vague suspicion gave place to certainty, and
with shrill cries of Help ! Help ! A witch ! A witch ! '
the woman gave the signal for a general onslaught. The
poor hapless brute, hotly pursued by an excited crowd,
armed with sticks and staves, or whatever came handy,
attempted in vain, by its loud and distracted bleatings, to

depose to its mere goatish identity and to protest against
the insulting insinuations of its human extraction.
Things were looking bad for poor Billy, when, summon-
ing up the last remnants of his strength, he put on a
desperate spurt, and disappeared, having probably bolted
through some friendly gateway and made himself scarce.
Be that as it may, it is likely enough that these good
peasants of the village of Pal'na will for many a long day
to come nourish the belief in their having seen and eke
beaten a wicked witch in goat's clothing. The evil
spirit ycleped Vodka' had surely a finger in this pie."

H. E. MORGAN.
St. Petersburg.

GOSFORD. (See 8 th S. x. 117.) Truly we live
and learn. I have been residing for the past five-
and-twenty years in the populous village of Gos-
forth, situated on the Great North Road, at the
northern boundary of the borough of Newcastle-
upon-Tyne. Right through the parish of Gosforth
runs the Ouse-burn, a streamlet that, after water-
ing the far-famed Jesmond Dene, empties itself
into the Tyne at the eastern end of Newcastle
Quay. Up here in Northumberland we have been
taught to believe that Gosforth, which in ancient
documents frequently figures as Goseford, was
simply the ford over the Ouse said ford being
now replaced by a bridge, known to travellers as
"Three Mile Bridge," and so named because it
crosses tha Ouse-burn, about three miles from some
part of the Tyneside metropolis. Now comes
PROF. SKEAT and tells us that Gosforth is nothing
but goose-ford a ford for geese ! This is cruel,
and I protest. If this sorb of thing is allowed to
go on I shall be having my own name rendered
ridiculous next. RICH. WELFORD.

WEDDING FOLK-LORE. I heard a piece of folk-
lore at Fishlake, near Doncaster, which is new to

me. A very strong feeling exists among the villagers
;hat it is most unlucky for a wedding party to
be in the church when the clock strikes. Care is,
therefore, always taken to enter the church just

after the hour has struck, so that there may be
mple time for the marriage, signing the registers,

&c. , before it strikes again.

G. W. TOMLINSON.

Huddersfield.

CHARLES DICKENS'S HOUSE, MARYLEBONE
The house, No. 1, Devonshire Terrace,
VEarylebone Road, at the north-west corner of
3igh Street, Marylebone, is undergoing consider-
able alterations and additions, Mr. Younghusband
eing the architect and Mr. Wm. Tout the builder.
Fhe house formerly consisted of a basement, two
tories, and an attic ; the attic has been removed
,nd a new square story with an attic floor over
idded. There is a view of the house in Forster's
Life of Dickens' (illustrated edition), p. 274,
rom the drawing by Maclise, "done," as his
iographer records, "on the first anniversary of
he day when his daughter Kate (Mrs. Perugini)

8 th S.X.Auo.29,'96.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

173

was born," namely, in October, 1840. Dickens
removed from No. 48, Doughty Street, to No. 1,
Devonshire Terrace, at the end of 1839, and here
he remained until November, 1851, when, the
_' of the house having expired, and the house
being too small for Dickens's growing family, the
novelist removed to a house in Tavistock Square
which had been for some years the residence of
Mr. Frank Stone, R.A., where he remained until
1860, when he removed to Gad's Hill.

JOHN HEBB.

RICHARDSON'S HOUSE IN SALISBURY COURT.
The following cutting from London, 30 July,
deserves a corner in 4 N. & Q.' I have verified
the statements it contains as far as possible, and
have found them correct, with the exception that
the exact date of Richardson's removal from North
End to Parson's Green appears to hpve been Octo-
ber, 1754 :

" The house that Samuel Richardson built for himself in
Salisbury Square, Fleet Street, has just been demolished.
The novelist removed there from some adjacent pre-
mises in what wag then Salisbury Court, where, circa
1730, he had started in business as a printer, and through
Speaker Onslow'n influence had been deputed to print the
journals of the House. In 1754 he was elected master
of the Stationers' Company. In 1756 he employed in
that house Oliver Goldsmith as proof-reader for some
portion of the twelve months which elapsed between
Goldsmith's first arrival in London and his becoming
usher in Dr. Milner's school at Peckham. At this same
period Richardson removed his suburban home from
Selby House (afterwards the Grange), North End,
West Kensington, to a house, since destroyed, facing
Parson's Green, Fulham, next west to Peterborough
House. He died at Parson's Green on July 4, 1761, and
was buried beneath the middle aisle of St. Bride's, Fleet
Street, by the side of his first wife, daughter of John
Wilde, printer, to whom he had been apprenticed on
leaving the Bluecoat School; On Nov. 27, 1889, the
200th anniversary of his birth, a mural tablet was un-
veiled to his memory in St. Bride's."

W. F. PRIDEAUX.
Kingsland, Shrewsbury.

PORTRAIT OF ARCHBISHOP THOMSON. A fine
portrait in oils of this prelate has recently been
placed in the hall of Queen's College, Oxford, of
which he was so distinguished an ornament. It is
three-quarter length, and represents him habited
in rochet and chimere, seated, and holding his
gloves in his left hand. Are the gloves now a part
of the episcopal dress, as they were of the abbot
in pre-Reformation days ? According to Fosbroke,
as I mentioned to a friend the other day as we
looked fit the portrait, " the gloves, because oc-
casionally worn and sometimes laid aside, indicated
the concealment of good works for shunning vanity
and the demonstration of them for edification."
JOHN PICKFORD, M.A.

Newbourne Rectory, Woodbridge.

RELICS OF FOUNDERS OF RELIGIOUS SECTS.
In Jhe Times report of the recent election of the

Rev. Dr. Randies as President of the Wesleyan
Methodist Conference, mention was made of
handing over to the new president, amongst other
things, "the Bible used by John Wesley in his
field preaching. " I presume it has been the cus-
tom to hand down this heirloom from president to
president since Wesley's time, but I do not remem-
ber seeing the fact noted in the public press before.
It seems to me a very interesting observance, and
has suggested the thought that perhaps other reli-
gious sects may adopt similar means of preserving
relics of their founders. I shall be much obliged
to any reader of ' N. & Q.' who will supply in-
formation on this subject. JOHN T. PAGE.
5, Capel Terrace, Southend-on-Sea.

FAUNTLEROY. When I was a small boy I used
to hear a good deal about Fauntleroy, " the last man
that was hanged for forgery." He had lived in the
parish (Hampton-on-Thames) in which I resided,
and the event was still talked about. Some of the
older inhabitants had known him, had even had
dealings with him. Old Heather who, in his
youth, might have served Dickens as his model
for Sam Weller, only that he was rather more
rustic and sedate than that gay spark had once
bought a " crop o' 'taters " of him, " and a werry
nice gentleman he wur ! " Old Ruff, too, who only
died last year, parish beadle, parish constable, and
quondam fish-hawker, had as a boy sold him cray-
fish caught in the river. I have been told
that the house that Fauntleroy occupied at Hamp-
ton was one situated on the west side of London
Road, and now, I think, known as Parkbrook.
I have also been told that the house he occupied
at Brighton was one now known as West Hill
Lodge, and situated on the north side of Western
Road, between Montpelier Road and Codrington
Place. I should be glad to know if these latter
indications are correct. THOMAS J. JEAKES.

4, Bloomsbury Place, Brighton.

CARDINALS. (See 8 th S. vi. 300.) The following
passage from Mr. Egerton Beck's interesting paper
on * Papal Elections and Coronations,' which
appears in the July number of the Dublin Review,
may interest some of your readers :

' The title cardinal was not exclusively reserved for
the dignitaries of the Roman Church till the time of
Pius IV. ; formerly it was frequently bestowed on tho
canons or some of the canons of certain great churches,
such as the cathedrals of Milan, Ravenna, BesaiiQon,
Compostella, and Cologne."

N. M. & A.

WINSTON BRIDGE. At Winston, a little village
in the county of Durham, which furnished a sur-
name for the Edmund of ' Rokeby ' and gained
praise from Sir Walter, who wrote " sweet Win-
ston's woodland scene," there is a bridge over the
Tees, with an arch of one hundred and eleven feet in
span. It was built in 1764, and it is said, though
I do not vouch for the truth of the assertion, to

174

NOTES AND QUERIES.

X. Aua. 29, '90.

have been, in those days, the largest bridge of a
single span in

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