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Frontispiece I

Contents 2

Staff 3

Foreword 4

Acknowledgment 5

Dedication 6

Oath of Hippocrates 8

Faculty 9

In Memoriam 20

Teaching Staff 22

History of the College 28

Course of Instruction 37

Leaving Maternity 47

Medical Colleges for Women 48

To the Class of 191 1 55

Seniors' Roll 58

Poem to 19T I 75

History of 191 1 76

Prophecy to 191 1 87

Will of 191 T Q2

uniors

Sophomores loi

Freshmen 105

Our College Life iii

Calendar from 1910 to 191 1 125

Hail, Alma Mater ! 128

Clubs and Organizations 129

The Scalpel at Work 149

Records of W. M. C. Phonograph 161

The Great and the Xcar Great i6s

Dr. Stevens' Quiz 170

Folly of the Wise 172

Whys and Other Whys 175

In Want of an Introduction T76

"Him" T77

Farewell 183

Advertisements 186

' TN presenting the first volume of The ^
Scalpel^the Staff expresses its appre-
ciation for all aid received from the
faculty, graduates, friends, student-body
and last but not least, the Class of 1911.

We have endeavored to make The
Scalpel worthy of our Alma Mater and
worthy of the love and interest of all its
readers. The difficulties encountered
have been numerous, but we shall con-
sider all efforts fruitful, if you will receive
the book in the same spirit with which
we hand it to you.

May this first volume be a fairJ|forc-
runner of The Scalpel as an "annual"
through centuries.

The Staff.

III addition to the members of the Class of 191 1, we
wish to thank the following persons for valuable assist-
ance in the preparation of this book:

^Fatuity AJitJifiory (Eommtttrp —

Henry Leffmann, M.D.
Alice Weld Tallant, M.D.
Arthur A. Stevens, M.D.

Jffur ICitfrarg (EoittrtbultnnH —

Clara Marshall, M.D.
Frederick P. Henry, M.D.
Alice Weld Tallant, M.D.
Frances P. Manship, A.B.

J^or Art (KontribuluinB—

Miss Mary E. Waidelich.
Miss Mary Minthorn.
Mr. E. S. Morris.

IMiss Mary Sprecher.

Miss Lottie Kantner.

LCK^B

Ea nur Alma iUatpr

So tl)pp. fnuntaut of uitBbom, tnaptrattnn.
anil 'xhrai: to tl\tt, l^nven uf all nubU atma,
tljte firat Dolume of iJtjf ^ralppl ta lipJitratf ti
as a tPBtimnng of our iant unb gratttubr.

©atb of Hippocrates

% jStDCat by Apollo, the jjhysician, by ^sculapius, by Hygeia,
by Panacea, and by all the gods and goddesses, calling them
to witness that according to my ability and judgment I will
in every particular keep this, my oath and covenant: To
regard him who teaches this art equally with my parents, to
share my substance, and, if he be in need, to relieve his
necessities; to regard his offspring equally with my brethren;
and to teach his art if they wish to learn it. without fee or
stipulation; to impart a knowledge by precept, by lecture,
and by every other mode of instruction to my sons, to the
sons of my teach<:;r, and to pupils who are bound by stipula-
tion and oath, according to th-j law of medicine, but no other.

31 tutu IX^t that regimen which, according to my ability and
judgment, shall be for the welfare of the sick, and I will refrain
from that which shall be baneful and injurious. If any shall
ask of me a drug to produce death, I will not give it, nor will I
suggest such counsel. In like manner I will not give to a
woman a destructive pessary.

COttl^ pUttt'P and holiness will I watch closely all my life and
my art. I will not cut a person who is suffering from a stone,
but will give way to those who are practitioners in that work.
Into whatever housc;s I shall enter. I will go to aid the sick,
abstaining from every voluntary act of injustice and corrup-
tion, and from lasciviousness with women or men — free or
slaves.

2Sl]^attt)tr in the life of men, I shall see or hear, in my prac-
tice or without my practice, which should not be made public,
this will I hold in silence, believing that such things should
not be spoken.

While I keep this, my oath, inviolate and unbroken, may
it be granted to me to enjoy life and my art, forever honored
by all men; but should I by transgression violate it, be mine
the reverse.

Cl)e jfacultp

arrangeD in otDet of
acce00ion to QDffice

Clara Marshall, M.D.
Emeritus Professor of Materia Mcdica and Tlieral>eutics and Dean of the College.

Dr. Clara Marshall having finished her preparatory studies, graduated from
the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania in 1875.

From 1876 to 1906, she was Professor of Materia Medica and Therapeutics,
and she has heen Dean of the College since 1888. In addition to these, she has
held high offices in various other medical institutions and organizations.

She is a member of the Philadelphia County Medical Society, the Obstetrical
Society of Philadelphia, the Medical Society of the State of Pennsylvania, and
the American Medical Association, and a prominent member of numerous non-
medical organizations.

Hexkv Leffmann, A.^r., M.D., U.U.S.
Professor of Chemistry, Toxicology and Hygiene.

Dr. Henry Leffmann was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and his prelim-
inary education was acquired in the public schools of the same city.

He received the degree of Doctor of Medicine from Jefferson Medical College
in i86g, and in 1884 the Pennsylvania College of Dental Surgery graduated him
with the degree of Doctor of Dental Surgery.

After graduating in medicine, he specialized in Medical Chemistry, Toxicology
and food analysis.

He was Port Physician in Philadelphia from 1884 to 1887 and again from
1891 to 1892. In addition to several high offices, Dr. Leffmann has been Professor
of Chemistry in the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania since 1888 and
Professor of Chemistry to the Wagner Free Institute of Science since 1872.

His contributions to scientific literature are numerous, including papers and
text-books.

He was President of the Engineers' Club of Philadelphia in 1901 ; Vice-Presi-
dent of the British Society of Public Analysis 1901 and 1902; President of the
Philadelphia County Medical Society in 1910; and is a prominent member of
several organizations, both medical and non-medical.

Frederick Portious Hexkv, M.D.
Professor of the Principles and Practice of Medicine and Clinical Medicine.

Dr. Frederick Portious Henry was born in Middlesex County, New Jersey.
His preliminary education was acquired in the private schools of Mobile, Ala.;
Cranbur)-, N. J.; New York; Brooklyn; Dresden, Germany; Tours, France; and
in Princeton University.

In the year of 1868 he received the degree of Doctor of Medicine from the
College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York.

From 1877 to 1879 Dr. Henry was Treasurer of the Pathological Society of
Philadelphia, and was President of the same from 1887 to 1888. During the years
from 1881 to 1909 he was Censor of the Philadelphia County Medical Society and
was President of the same in 1909. He has been Honorary Librarian of the
College of Physicians of Philadelphia since 1890; Physician to the Episcopal
Hospital, 1874-1888; Physician to the Philadelphia General Hospital since 1888;
Physician to the Jefferson College Hospital, 1888 to 1892. At present he is the
Professor of the Principles and Practice of Medicine and Clinical Medicine in the
Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania, Honorary Librarian of the College of
Physicians of Philadelphia, Physician to the Philadelphia General Hospital and
Consulting Physician to the Woman's Hospital of Philadelphia.

Fellow of College of Physicians, Member of Philadelphia County Medical
Society, American Medical Association, Association of American Physicians, Corres-
ponding Member of the Royal Medical Academy of Rome, "Overseas" Member of
Authors' Club, London, England.

Editor of the Seventh Edition, Flint's Practice of Medicine; of the Standard
History of the Medical Profession of Philadelphia. 1897; of the Founders' Week
Memorial Volume, 1909.

Besides these books he makes frequent contributions to numerous medical jour-
nals, both American and European, and his works have greatly enriched medical
literature.

Arthur Albert Stevens, A.M., M.D.
Professor of Materia Medica, Therapeutics and Clinical Medicine.

Dr. Arthur A. Stevens was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. His preliminar)-
education was acquired in the Central High School of his native city and the
University of Pennsylvania. From the latter institution he received the degree of
Doctor of Medicine in 1886. The following year was spent as interne in the
Philadelphia General Hospital.

Post-graduate courses were taken in the University of Pennsylvania, the
University of Vienna and the London Post-graduate School.

Dr. Stevens has held the position of Professor of Pathology in the Woman's
Medical College of Pennsylvania ; Lecturer on Physical Diagnosis, University
of Pennsylvania; Editor of University Medical Magazine. At present he holds
the Professorship of Materia Medica, Therapeutics and Clinical Medicine in the
Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania ; he is a Lecturer in Medicine in the
LT^niversity of Pennsylvania ; Physician to the Episcopal Hospital and St. Agnes'
Hospital, and Assistant Physician to the Philadelphia General Hospital.

He is a member of the American Medical Association, Philadelphia County
Medical Society, Philadelphia Pediatric Society, Philadelphia Pathological Society,
and a Fellow of the College of Physicians of Philadeluhia.

Among his numerous contributions to the medical literature, "A Manual of the
Practice of Medicine," "Modern Materia Medica and Therapeutics," "Diseases of
Circulatory System" in the "American Text-book of Pathology," stand out as most
prominent in the world of science.

Adelaide Ward Peckham, M.D.
Professor of Bacteriology.

Dr. Adelaide Ward Peckham acquired her preliminary education in private
schools of Connecticut and Brooklyn, New York.

She received the degree of Doctor of Medicine from the Woman's Medical
College of the New York Infirmary in 1886 and from the Woman's Medical
College of Pennsylvania in 1902.

After graduation she worked for si.\ years in the Laboratory of Hygiene,
University of Pennsylvania, and took a special course in Pathology and Clinical
Diagnosis in Johns Hopkins University.

She is the Professor of Bacteriology in the Woman's Medical College of
Pennsylvania and has been until very recently the Director of the Clinical Labora-
tory of the Woman's Hospital of Philadelphia.

She has contributed to science experimental studies. Her work on the influence
of the environment upon the biological process of the various members of the
Colon group of bacilli and on a case of erysipelas genitalium due to the use of
infected ointment has been a great addition to the present-day knowledge of
bacteriology.

Ella B. Everitt, A.M., M.D.
Professor of Gynaecology.

Dr. Ella B. Everitt was born at Danville, Pennsylvania. After attending the
public schools of her native town, she entered Wilson College for Women, from
which she was graduated in 1888 with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. In the
autumn of the same year she began the study of Medicine at the Woman's
Medical College of Pennsylvania, receiving its diploma in 1891. The degree of
Master of Arts was subsequently conferred upon her by Wilson College. She
served as Resident Physician in the Woman's Hospital of Philadelphia from Sep-
tember, 1891, to September, i8q2, and immediately thereafter took charge of the
Northwestern Hospital for Women and Children at Minneapolis, Minnesota,
holding the position of Medical Superintendent for one year. She resigned to
become Assistant Physician and Gynaecologist to the State Hospital for the
Insane at St. Peter, Minnesota, where she remained three years. After a year of
private practice at Mankato, Miimesota, she returned to Philadelphia to take
charge of the Woman's Hospital as Chief Resident, discharging the duties of that
office and serving as a member of the gynaecological staff until her election to
the Chair of Gynaecology in the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania
in 1902.

In addition to her professorship. Dr. Everitt is Attending Gynaecologist to
the Woman's College Hospital ; Obstetrician to the Philadelphia General Hospital
and Clinical Lecturer on Gynaecology in the same; Gynaecologist to the Eastern
Pennsylvania Institution for Feeble-Minded and Epileptic; Consulting Gynaecol-
ogist to Bryn Mawr College; Gynaecologist to the Children's Aid Society of Penn-
sylvania, etc. She is a member of the Philadelphia County Medical Society, the
Pennsylvania State Medical Society, the American Medical Association, and a
Fellow of the American Academy of Medicine.

She has contributed a number of articles to the literature of her specialty.

Ruth Webster Lathrop, B.A., M.D.
Professor of Physiology.

Dr. Ruth Webster Lathrop was born in Le Roy, New York. After completing
her preliminary education, she entered Wcllesley College, Massachusetts, from
which she was graduated in 1883 with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. From
1884 to 1887 she taught Latin, Greek and Elementary Science in a college prepara-
tory school. She then took up the study of medicine in the Woman's Medical
College of Pennsylvania, and from this institution she received the degree of Doc-
tor of Medicine, cum laude, in 1891. General courses of post-graduate work were
then taken up, a course in Comparative Anatomy at the University of Penn-
sylvania under the Moore Fellowship ; a course in Experimental Psychology at
Harvard University; Histology, Embryology, Anatomy and Physiology at the Johns
Hopkins Medical School, a course in Experimental Physiology in the ^larine
Biological Laboratory, Wood's Hole, and a course in Experimental Physiology
in the Harvard Medical School.

In i8qr she was chosen Assistant Demonstrator in Anatomy in the Woman's
Medical College of Pennsylvania, and the year following as Assistant Demonstrator
in Physiology. In 1894 she was made Prosector of Anatomy, and the Assistant
Professorship of Physiology was given in 1805. These positions were held until
1902, when she accepted the Professorship of Physiology in the same institution.
From 1805 to 1900 she also held the office of Sub-Dean. From 1900 to 1906 Dr.
Lathrop was Lecturer on Hygiene in the Holman School for Girls.

Dr. Lathrop is a member of the following organizations: County and State
Medical Societies ; American Academy of Medicine, of which she was Vice-Presi-
dent, 1909-10; Medical Jurisprudence Society of Philadelphia; Blackwel! Medical
Society of New York State, and Associate Member of Women's Medical Society
of New York City.

Henry Morris, M.D.
Professor of Anatomy.

Dr. Henry Morris was born in Philadelphia, Pa. After attending the public
schools of the cit}% and studying at Bryant and Stratton's Business College, he
finished his preliminary education at Princeton University, where he was a mem-
ber of the Class of 1874.

He received the degree of Doctor of Medicine from Jefferson Medical College
in 1878. Soon after, he was elected the assistant of Professor J. M. DaCosta in
the Jefferson Medical College Hospital and was given charge of the Out-Practice
Department of the same hospital where he also was in charge of the Out-Practice
Surgical Dispensary until 1883.

Among the various teaching positions held by Dr. Morris, we mention that of
Assistant Demonstrator of Anatomy at Jefferson Medical College, Assistant Dem-
onstrator of Gynaecology and Obstetrics in that same institution, Quiz Master
in Anatomy and in practice of Medicine to the Medical Quiz Association and
Instructor to the Preparatory for the Army and Navy Marine Hospital in the
United States.

In 1895 he was elected Professor of Anatomy in the Woman's Medical College
of Pennsylvania.

He is a Fellow of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia; honorary member
of the Altoona College of Physicians and Surgeons, the Philadelphia County Medical
Society, the Pennsylvania State Medical Society and the American Medical
Association. In addition he is a prominent member of numerous non-medical
orders and organizations.

His contributions to Medical literature have been : An article on .\natomy in
the American edition of the Encyclopedia Britaimica, in 1881 ; "Essentials of
Gynaecology," "Essentials of Materia Medica and Therapeutics," "The Condition
of Biddle's Materia Medica and Therapeutics," "Essentials of Practice of Medi-
cine." "The Condition of Biddle's Materia Medica and Theraoeutics from 1883 to
1887," and numerous papers.

Alice Weld Tallant, A.B., M.D.
Professor of Obstetrics.

Dr. Alice Weld Tallant was born in Boston, Massachusetts. Her oreliminary
education was acquired in the private schools of Boston, and in 1897 she graduated
from Smith College with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. From 1897 to 1898
she taught in a Boston private school, at the same time carrying on special work
in Physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

In the fall of 1898 she entered the Johns Hopkins Medical School, from which
institution she received the degree of Doctor of Medicine in 1002.

She pursued special studies in Pathology at the Harvard Summer School and
carried on post-graduate work in Obstetrics at the New York Lying-in Hospital.

From 1902 to 1903 she was an interne at the New England Hospital for Women
and Children, Boston. From 190,3 to 1905 she worked in clinics of the Massachu-
setts General Hospital and the Pope Dispensary of the New England Hospital,
and at the same time she was Medical Examiner for the Gymnasium at Bates
College. From 1904 to 1905 she was Assistant Physician to the Pope Dispensary of
the New England Hospital.

In 1905 she was made Professor of Obstetrics in the Woman's ^Tedical Col-
lege of Pennsylvania and Obstetrician-in-Chief to the College Hospital, and in
1906 she was appointed Physician to the Girls' Department of the House of Refuge.

She attended Professor Bumm's clinics in Berlin in the summer of 1909.

Member of the American Medical Association, the Pennsylvania Medical
Society, Philadelphia County Medical Society, the Obstetrical Society of Phila-
delphia, the Pennsylvania Society for the Prevention of Social Disease, the Amer-
ican Academy of Medicine.

She has contributed to the literature of her specialty articles including "Ob-
servations on the Occurrence of Broadbent's Sign." "Infant Mortality in Obstetric
Practice," and "A Study of Fever in the Pucrperium."

Harry Clay Deaver, M.D.
Professor of the Principles and Practice of Surgery and Clinical Surgery.

Dr. Harry Clay Deaver was born in "Shady Side" Buck. P. O., Lancaster
County, Pennsylvania.

Having attended public schools, he finished his preliminary education in
West Nottingham Academy, Cecil County, Maryland, and entered Pennsylvania
University, from which institution he received the degree of Doctor of Medicine
in 1885.

He was an interne at the Episcopal Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa.

Dr. Deaver has held a great many offices in the past, and at present he is
the Professor of the Principles and Practice of Surgery and Clinical Surgery in
the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania, Visiting Surgeon at the Epis-
copal Hospital, Surgeon-in-Chief at the Kensington Hospital for Women, Surgeon
at the Children's Hospital of the Mary J. Drexel Home, Consulting Surgeon at St.
Mary's Hospital.

He is a member of the American Medical Association, the American Society of
Gynaecology, the Obstetrical Society, College of Physicians, the Academy of
Surgery, the Pathological Society, and of the Philadelphia County Medical Society.

Of his contributions to medical literature we may mention his works on
"Hernia in Children," "Appendicitis in Children," with report of 500 cases, and
"Mesenteric Cvsts."

3ln illpm0rtam

Aloysius Oliver Joseph Kelly, A.M., M.D.

The late Professor of Pathology

(BY DR. FREDERICK P. HENRY)

Dr. Kelly's name first appears in
the catalogue of the Woman's Med-
ical College of Pennsylvania for 1888-
'89 as Professor of Clinical Path-
ology. He had, therefore, been a
member of its teaching staff for
nearly thirteen years. During that
entire period, his life was one of al-
most incessant activity. The result
of his work which gave him a place
in the first rank of his profession
may be found in the transactions of
the various medical societies of this
city, county, state and nation ; in the
[jrincipal medical journals of the
country; in contribution to encyclo-
pedic works ; and, finally, in his book
on the Practice of Medicine which was
published in 1910. While perform-
ing the most important part of this
work, he was also editor of the "In-
ternational Clinics," which he relin-
quished to assume the more import-
ant and exacting task of editor of
the "American Journal of the Medical
Sciences" ; he was teaching at the
University of Pennsylvania, at the
Woman's Medical College ; and, dur-
ing the spring and early summer, at
the University of Vermont. This was
enough to tax the capacity of the
strongest, but, in addition, he was
physician to St. Agnes and the l^ni-
versity Hospitals, and pathologist to
the German Hospital.
The principal societies to which he belonged were the College of Physicians,
in which he was Chairman of the Committee on Scientific Business, the Association
of American Physicians, the County and State Medical Societies, the .\merican
Medical Association and the Pathological, Pediatric, and Xeurological Societies.
In all of these he was one of the most active members, and in several he had
served as jiresiding officer. Of these various organizations the Association of .Ameri-
can Physicians is the one in which membership would be most highly prized by a
man of Dr. Kelly's type. Its number is limited to one hundred and thirty-five and
is made up of the most distinguished physicians of the United States. Dr. Kelly
was elected a member of this Association in 1902, that is, when he was about
thirty-two years of age.

This is. of necessity, a brief and imperfect summary of the professional work
which has given his name a permanent record in the Annals of Medical Science.

At a special meeting of the Faculty of the Woman's Medical College of Penn-
sylvania on March 3. iQii. to take action on the death of Professor Kelly, Dr.
Frederick P. Henry presented the following minute :

"In the death of Aloysius Oliver Joseph Kelly the Faculty of the Woman's
Medical College of Pennsylvania has suffered a severe loss. Dr. Kelly became a
member of that body in 1906 when he was elected Professor of Pathology, and
soon became a leader in its deliberations. This was in no wise due to self-
assertion, but was the inevitable result of his mental qualities and his judicial
character. These were immediately perceived and appreciated by the members of
the Faculty, who instinctively turned to him for advice on the numerous occasions
when questions concerning the welfare of the students as a whole or as individuals
were before it. Believing, as he did, that the success of a medical school is better
gauged by the efficiency than the number of its graduates, he was a leader in the
cause of advanced medical education. Positive in his convictions, sometimes
apparently dogmatic in their expression, he never gave offense, because it was
manifest that he regarded all subjects under discussion as abstractions entirely
divested of personality. Tenacious of his grasp of an idea, he was ready to relax
it and lay hold of another, when convinced that it was better than his own. These
are rare qualities, acquired by most of us through painful experience and rigid
self-suppression, but apparently spontaneous and innate in him.

Dr. Kelly's character was such as to be known and read of all men. There was
nothing secret or underhand in his dealings. He was a rare combination of ami-
ability and strength. He was a peacemaker and a combatant, who exemplified the
paradoxical precept of Cardinal Wolsey:

"Still in thy right hand, carry gentle peace
To silence envious tongues: be just and fear not."

There are men who are most highly esteemed by those who know them the
least. There are others who acquire a reputation for wisdom by surrounding them-
selves with an atmosphere of mysterious reticence. Dr. Kelly belonged to neither
of these classes. Those who held the highest opinion of his talents and acquire-
ments were his most intimate friends. Familiarity bred respect and admiration
even from those who might be regarded as his rivals, but no rivalry with him could
be aught but friendly. He was the reverse of reticent. In the medical councils of
the city, the state and the nation he was ever ready to discuss the great medical
questions of the day. He was weighed in the balance of the wisest medical decision
and never found wanting. This, however, is neither the place nor the time in which
to attempt an estimate of his scientific work. Suffice it to say that he accomplished
in a comparatively brief period what might well be regarded as the result of a long
life of unremitting labor. This life, however, in the truest sense of the word, was
not a brief one, for

"We live in deeds, not years, in thoughts, not breaths;
In feelings, not in figures on a dial.
We should count time by heart throbs. He most lives
Who thinks most, feels the noblest, acts the best."

Clinical Professors and Associate
Professors

EMMA K. MUSSON. Ml)

Clinical J'lofvssor of Otology.
JAMES K. YOUNG. M.D.

Clinical Professor of Orthopedic Surgery.
EDWARD MAKTIN, MI)

Clinical Professor of Surgery.
EIENRY F. rA(;R. M.D.

Clinical Professor of Medicine.
WILLIAM v.. SPILLKK. M.D

Clinical Professor of Neurotoi/y
FRANCES C. VAN (JASKEN. M.D.

Clinical Professor of Medicine and Associate
in Medicine.
J. NORMAN HENRY. M.D.

Clinical Professor of Medicine.
MARGARET F. BUTLKK, M.D.

Clinical Professor of Loryn;iolo'j!/ and Rhinology
B. FRANKLIN STAIIL, M.D.

Clinical Professor of Medicine.
MILTON B. HARTZELL. M.D.

Clinical Professor of Dermatology.
THEODORE Le BOITILLIKR. M.D.

Clinical Professor of Pediatrics.
HARRIET L. HARTLEY. M.D.

Clinical Professor of Surgery.
MARY M. WOLFE. M.D.

Clinical Professor of Psychiatry.
MARTHA TRACY. M.D.

Associate Professor of Chcmi.itry anil Direr tor
of the Laboratory of Chemistry.
MARY BrCHANAN. M.D.

Associate Clinical Professor of Ophthalmology.

Lecturers

DANIEL .JOSEPH M( CMITI I V. M.D.

Lecturer on .Medical Jurisiiniilcnce.
RANDLE r. ROSENBRR(;i;R. M.D.

Lecturer on Hygiene.

Associates and Directors of the
Laboratories

ANNIE BARTRAM MALL. M.D.

.issociute in Plnjsioloiin
HERBERT H. rrSHL\(;. M.D.

Director of the Laboratories of Histology ami
Embryology.
KATHARINE .1. MUSSON. V. D.

Director of the Laboratory of Pharmacy.

Demonstrators

FOSTER K. COLLINS, M.D.

Demonstrator of Surgery.
HARRIET N. NOBLE. M.D.

Demonstrator of .inatomy. Curator of the De-
partment of Anatomy, and Prosector.
W. TAYLOR CUMMINS. M.D.

Demonstrator of Pathology.

FLORENCE E. KRAKER. M.D.

Demonstrator of Obstetrics.
KI.LEN CI'LVER POTTER. M.D.

Demonstrator of Gynecology and Instructor
in Clinical Gynecology.

EMORY G. ALEXANDER. M.D.

Demonstrator of Fracture Uiesaing
SARAH MAE LICHTENWALNER-MYERS. M.D
Demonstrator of Histology and Embryvlogy.

Assistant Demonstrators and
Instructors

MARY BICKIN(;S TllOU.NTON. M.D.
KITH ANNE MILLER. M.D.
MAItlE A. SEIXAS. M.D.

.Assistant Demonstrators of Anatomy

MARY BICKIN(;S THORNTON. M.D.

.Assistant Demonstrator of Surgery.
BLANCA H. HILLMAN. M.D.

.Assistant Demonstrator of Gynecology and
Instniclor in Clinical Gynecology.
IDA B. ORECCHIA. M.D.

.Assistant Demonstrator of Pathology.

MAID CONYEKS EXLEY. M.D.

Assistant Demonstrator of Obstetrics.

ELIZABETH E. CLARK

A.ssistant Demonstrator of Physiology.

ELLA M. RIlSSELL. M.D.

Instructor in Surgcrji and Clinical Surgery.

.lACOBINA S. REDDIE. M.D.

Instructor in Otology and Laryngology, In-
structor in Medicine, and Instructor in
Pediatrics.

ANNIE M. THOMAS. M.D.

Instructor in Practice of Medicine and Physi-
cal Diagnosis.

MAUI ANNA TAYLOR, M.D.

Instructor in Pediatrics.

DOTT CASE, M.D.

Clinical Instructor in Laryngology.

FLORENCE HARVEY RICHARDS. M.D.

Instructor in Miileria Medico and Therapeutics.

Assistants and Student-Assistants

BKKTA WHALANI). .M.D.

.l.v.vi.vf(iH/ in the Laboratory of Pharmacy.

SVDIi; M. DA VIES.

CAIEOLYN A. CLARK.

FRANCES PETTY MANSHIP.

Student-.Assistants in the Laboratory of Chemistry.

AVCM'.STA A. SASSEN

Student-Assistant in the Laboratories of Ilis-
tiiliigii and I'mlnyoffigy.

\V. TAYLOR CF.M.MINS. M.D.

Curator of the Museum.

AM IE W. BOSWORTH

Secretary to the Dean.

HENRIETTA NEIBFRCER

Clerk and Librarian.

Faces that Shall Never

Fade Away in the Memories

of the Class of 1911

Margaret F. Butler, M.D.,
Clinical Professor of Laryngology and

Elizabeth E. Clark, B.S.,
Assistant Demonstrator of Physiologv.

Harriet L. Haktlev, M.D..
Clinical Professor of Suri^cry.

Herdert H. CisiiiNG. M.D..

'director of the l.ohorat tries of Histohgy

and Embryology.

Ellen Cilvek Potter, M.D.,
Demonstrator in Gynaecology and In-
structor in Clinical Gynaecology.

Ella M. Russell, M.D.
Instructor in Surgery and Clinical Surgery.

i\lARTHA Tracy, M.D.

Associate Professor of Chemistry and

Director of the Laboratory of Chemistry.

Frances C. VaxGasken, M.D.,

Clinical Professor of Medicine and

Associate in Medicine.

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The College in 1850.

The Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania

Some Historical Facts

BY CLARA MARSHALL, M.D., Dean.

As it was in the beginning, "Dux femina facti," which, Hberally
translated, reads, "A woman was at the bottom of it," and that woman
was Esther Fussell, daughter of Bartholomew and Rebecca Bond Fussell,
of Chester County, Pa., who was in her day and generation a remarkable
woman. She was herself interested in medicine and when her brother
Bartholomew was old enough, she encouraged him to turn his attention
in that direction. He felt deeply grateful to her and when he graduated,
he registered in his mind the purpose to do all he could for the sex to
which she belonged. "I know," said he, "she was more capable of study-
ing medicine than ever I was, yet she could not do so on account of her
sex."

This matter took a deep hold of his mind, and to his beloved wife,
Lydia Bond Fussell, he expressed the purpose of one day trying to open
a medical school for women, adding, with true Quaker caution, "when
the fitting time arrives."

The ultimate carrying out of this project, which was left for others
to accomjilish, constitutes a most interesting chapter in the history of the
College, hut one which cannot be dwelt upon in the limited space assigned ;
suffice it to say, that a charter was obtained bearing the date of March ii,
1850. Through the generosity of William J. Mullin, the unexpired lease
of a property at 627 Arch street was purchased, the building remodelled to
adapt it to the purposes of the College, and it was opened for the recep-
tion of students October 12, 1850.

The first graduating class numbered eight women, some of whom
became eminently successful in practice. One of the number, Dr. Ann
Preston, was elected to the chair of Physiology' and Hygiene in the
College and subsequently became dean of the faculty, both positions being
held by her until her death in 1872.

The corporate name of the institution was the Female Medical Col-
lege of Pennsylvania, afterward changed to the more specific title of the
Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania.

The original Board of Corporators was composed of men, but the
tenth annual announcement speaks of "the appointment of a lioard of
Lady Managers," who were subsequently referred to as having in view the
establishment in the city of a hospital for the exclusive accommodation
of women and children, under the auspices of this institution, to sub-
serve as far as may be proved to be wise and prudent, the purpose of a
clinical school.*

The hospital referred to was the Woman's Hospital of Philadelphia,
the charter for which was obtained March 22, 1861. Of the thirty-nine
(39) incorporators of this hospital, fifteen (15) were corporators of the
College, twelve (12) were members of its Board of Lady Managers,
making twenty-seven (27) with direct college connection ; the remaining
twelve (12) were either relatives or friends of the twenty-seven {^2'j).

So highly did the managers of the Woman's Hospital value the
services of Dr. Ann Preston in its behalf, that their annual report pub-
lished after her death contains the following: "To her efforts more than
all other influences may be traced its very origin."

The Woman's Hospital of Philadelphia was opened in its present
location, and soon afterward the College was moved from Arch street,
having rented rooms in the hospital building.

The whole structure consisted of two double dwelling-houses with,
on the first floor of each house, a hall in the center, one long room on
one side of this hall and two smaller rooms on the other side.

The College rented the three rooms on the first floor of one of these
houses, one of the smaller rooms being utilized as a museum, the other
as a chemical laboratory. The single long room was used for lecture
purposes. In this latter room, we attended lectures and quizzes from
ten o'clock in the morning until six in the afternoon with an intermission
of two hours at noon ; here, too, the clinical lectures were held and the
illustrative material for the lectures on anatomy was also brought here.
A small brick structure attached to the building and reached only by
going out of doors, constituted the anatomical laboratory. The cadavers
used by the professors of Anatomy were carried into the lecture room by
an aged janitor assisted by students. We sat upon moderately hard
cushions placed upon very hard wooden settees ; the remains of these

*Introductory address, Eleventh Annual Session, October 17, i860, by Reynell
Coates, M.D.

very settees are now in the gymnasium and it gives me a pang to see the
old things going to pieces.

From these very rooms were graduated Drs. Hannah T. Croasdale
and Anna E. Broomall. The brilliant and learned Mary Putnam Jacobi
studied under these primitive conditions and so did Frances Emily White.
Here, too, Charlotte Hlake Brown, of California, studied, and after grad-
uation returned to San Francisco, where she performed the first ovari-
otomy done by a woman on the Pacific Coast.

We wore black as a graduation dress, black silk if one could afford
it, but at any rate, black. Once in a while an erratic individual violated
this usage, thus disturbing the funereal effect. I remember one occasion
when a member of the graduating class who had a sallow complexion
appeared on the stage in the grassiest of grass green. Blessed be the
cap and gown !

For many years there were no entrance requirements and no old
age limits. Pray, remember that, at that time, not a medical school in
the country required a higher standard for admission than the payment
of fees. The only protection for the public was a clause in the annual
announcement claiming the right to refuse the diploma on the ground of
mental or moral unfitness for the practice of medicine.

During these early days, the College was ostracised by the medical
profession. No man could be a member of the faculty and retain his
membership in the Philadelphia County Medical Society, neither could
a physician who consulted with a member of our faculty retain his mem-
bership. In 1872 the constitution of the American Medical Association
was so amended as to exclude college representation in the society.

As the members of the faculty of the Woman's Medical College of
Pennsylvania were not at that time admitted to the County Medical So-
ciety, this action shut them out from the American Medical Association
without affecting the faculties of men's colleges, w-ho were, of course,
members of their respective county societies. It seemed to women phy-
sicians and their friends in Philadelphia rather an anomaly, when, in
1876, Dr. Sarah Hackett-Stevenson was sent as a delegate from Chicago
to the meeting of the American Medical Association in Philadelphia,
and received without question to membership in an association from
which women, long well-known to the profession and to the public as
professors in the college and as successful practitioners in the city, were
excluded.

Alumnae of the College, resident in a neighboring county (Mont-
gomery), were also at this time members of their county society, and

therefore eligible to membership in both the State Society and the
American Medical Association, while some members of the faculty of
the college whose names gave validity to their diplomas, were ineligible.

The spring of 1881 marks the beginning of an efifort to secure the
admission of women to membership in the Philadelphia County Medical
Society, when the names of five well known medical women (alumnae
of the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania) were presented as
applicants for membership, but without success. Efforts in this direction
were continued with more or less vigor until in 1888, when the name of
one woman only was presented. Women physicians themselves, for the
first time, participated in the canvass. A joint council of medical women
was held and a committee of women was appointed, the individual mem-
bers of which undertook to call each on a certain number of leading mem-
bers of the society with whom she was personally acquainted, or to
whom influential letters of introduction could be obtained.

When the eventful evening for the vote arrived, the candidate was
elected, and, so far as known to the writer, no woman applicant has
since been rejected.

In the meantime there developed a desire for a broader clinical
education than that which could be expected in a hospital which was
restricted as to the character of the cases admitted to its wards, and in
1868, seven years after the founding of the Woman's Hospital of Phila-
delphia, our students began attendance upon the clinical lectures of the
Philadelphia Hospital (now the Philadelphia General Hospital). To
Professor Alfred Stille, M.D., belongs the honor of being the first mem-
ber of the staff of the above-named institution to address a class con-
taining women students of medicine ; his brief preliminary speech of
welcome was marked with his customary grace and elegance of diction.

November 6, 1869, was a memorable day in the history of the College.
Permission having been given by the managers of the Pennsylvania
Hospital for attendance upon the clinical lectures of that institution,
about thirty women students were present on that day. The conduct
of the men students was such as to raise a storm of public indignation,
and, as a consequence, the subject of clinical instruction to mixed
classes was discussed in cxtenso in the public press. But opposition to
the attendance of women at the clinics of the Pennsylvania Hospital was
not confined to students. On the 15th of November, a meeting was con-
vened at the University of Pennsylvania, when a remonstrance was unan-
imously adopted and signed by the professors in the University of Penn-
sylvania, Jefferson Medical College, members of the medical staff of

various hospitals of I'liiladclphia and members of the medical profession
of Philadelphia at large. All this agitation had the following effect: the
faculty of the College made a dignified and fitting reply to the profession;
the managers of the Pennsylvania Hospital explicitly stated that the
giving of clinical lectures to women was a part of the duty of members
of the staff, at the same time arranging for a separate day for our stu-
dents. Dr. D. Hayes Agnew resigned rather than lecture to women ;
finally, these separate lectures illustrated by clinical material which the
professors did not think worth presenting to the men classes, were so in-
ferior to what our students felt should have been given, that they resumed
attendance at the Philadelphia Hospital, abandoned for a time on the
opening of Pennsylvania Hospital.

Later (session of 1882-83) our students were admitted to the regu-
lar clinics at Pennsylvania Hospital. It is interesting in this connection
to note that Dr. Agnew-, six years after his resignation, was invited by the
managers of the Pennsylvania Hospital to resume his place on the staff,
and that he lectured to a mixed class during his second connection w'ith
the hospital whenever women chose to attend his clinics. In the latter
part of his life, Dr. Agnew accepted invitations to consult with women
physicians.

From time to time other hospitals were opened to women students
and our alumnae also began to hold interneships in several hospitals as
well as important salaried positions. One of the most notable of the
latter was that of medical superintendent in the hospital for women in
the State Hospital for the Insane, at Norristown. Pa., to which position
Dr. Alice Bennett was elected in 1880.

In 1882, a woman for the first time occupied a position on the staflF
of the Philadelphia Hospital, which place has since ahvays been filled
by a graduate of this College.

In 1883, the competitive examination for interneship in the Phila-
delphia Hospital was opened to women, and a member of the Class of
1883 stood number six in a class of thirty-seven and hence was one of
the twelve recommended for appointment. Since that time, a woman has
thrice headed the list of successful candidates.

In the meantime our curriculum had been improved and the course
of study lengthened.

The following chronological statement exhibits the efforts of the
College in the direction of an improved curriculum and in increased
laboratorv and clinical facilities :

1869. A progressive course of study covering three years instead
of the customary two years was established.

1871. The college year was lengthened to eight months by the addi-
tion of a spring term.

1875. The present commodious college building was erected, thus
liberating space in the Woman's Hospital and at the same time increasing
the facilities of the College. Also in 1875, an Alumnae Association was
formed, one of its express objects being the promotion of the interest
of the College. It has from time to time made contributions toward
securing additional educational advantages for the students.

1880. Through the generosity of one of the trustees and an alumna
of the College, a physiological laboratory was opened. Also, in 1880,
the department of g}'necology which had been adjunct to that of obstetrics,
was expanded by the establishment of a Chair of Gynecology.

1881. Three years' attendance upon a graded course of instruction,
heretofore optional, was made obligatory.

1887. Entrance examinations were instituted.

1888. A friend of the College, Miss Susan Brinton, purchased
a house near the College and gave the use of it to the Young Women's
Christian Association of the College. The latter organization has since
been incorporated and has finally become the owner of this property
now known as "Brinton Hall." Also, 1888 marks the establishment of
an out-obstetric department in connection with the College for the
express purpose of giving to members of the graduating class an oppor-
tunity for practical instruction through attendance of patients at their
homes. This valuable feature of the curriculum, made possible by the
energy and enterprise of the professor of obstetrics. Dr. Anna E.
Broomall, antedated by many years such a progressive step on the part
of other colleges in Philadelphia.

1893. A four years' course, hitherto optional, was made obligatory
on all students.

1895. The thought having occurred to one of our alumnae (Amy
S. Barton, Class of 1874) that a hospital and dispensary established in
a crowded poor district of the city would be of educational value to the
students of the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania, and at the
same time a blessing to the women and children of that district, such
an institution, after many discouragements, was finally opened for dis-
pensary patients only, October 31, 1895, at 1212 South Third street, under
the name of the Hospital and Dispensary of the Alumnae of the Woman's
Medical College of Pennsylvania. The aim of the Board of Managers
is thus set forth in its charter:

1st. To give the jwor of this district the privilege of applying to
women physicians for medical advice.

2nd. To furnish opportunities for the graduates of the Woman's
Medical College of Pennsylvania to continue their studies in general
and special medicine.

3rd. To increase the facilities for clinical instruction in the Woman's
Medical College of Pennsylvania. The founder of this institution builded
better than she knew, for, although the managers were never financially
able to provide for bed cases, yet when it became necessary in 1904 for
the College to secure bedside instruction under the control of the faculty,
an ap])eal was made by the corporators to this institution accompanied
by an offer of merger. This offer was accepted, thus givini; to the Col-
lege the charter right to establish a hospital. Gratitude to the founder
was then expressed by naming the plant now at 1207 South Third street,
the Amy S. Barton Dispensary.

1896. A bacteriological laboratory was opened during the spring
of this year, a house on the college grounds being especially fitted up
for the purpose and during the following year substantial additions were
made, thus more than doubling its capacity.

1899. A capacious fire-proof building, which was opened October
of this year, contains the laboratories of histology, embryology, phy-
siology, pharmacy and pathology, also a lecture hall and gymnasium.

1903. In September of this year the out-obstetric department of
the College was supplemented by the establishment of a maternity, the
bed capacity of which was doubled the following year by the gift of the
adjoining house.*

1904. A temporary pavilion hospital for ward patients of both
sexes was opened on ground adjoining the college building and a dis-
pensary service was at the same time established. This department
became available for teaching purposes at the opening of the session of
1904-05.

1908. The basement and three stories of the permanent hospital
building were erected, the basement being applied to an extension of
the dispensary while the first floor, which is admirably adapted for that
purpose, is assigned to private patients.

At this writing, the clinical amphitheatre has just been finished and
has proved to be complete in every respect. Resides an operating theatre
of ample seating capacity and well lighted, both by skylight and at the
sides, there are etherizing, recovery, sterilizing and waiting rooms as
well as doctors' and students' rooms.

•Mr. Samuel M. Vauclain was the donor of this building.

The year 1870 marks the employment of the first missionary woman
physician sent out by the Woman's Missionary Society of the Methodist
Church. "Her destination was Barielly, India. This lady, Dr. Clara
Swain* (Class of 1869), may be regarded as the first of a rapidly
lengthening line of women missionary physicians, who, in the zenanas
of the East and the crowded abodes of China and Japan, are accom-
plishing a silent revolution in the condition of women. "f The story
of these devoted women, of the hospitals they have built, of the gifts
they have received (some of them from native rulers), of the schools
they have established, of the lives they have saved, would fill many
volumes, and it is to be hoped that the historian will write this won-
drous tale in time for medical missionaries who are now living to con-
tribute to a story as fascinating as it is inspiring.

In strong contrast with the original status of the College as an
educational institution, we find that the corps of instructors has increased
from six members, the original faculty with which the College was
opened in 1850, to fifty-five professors, lecturers, demonstrators, clinical
instructors and assistants.

Laboratory as well as clinical facilities have been gradually extended,
and there is now a department of practice connected with a branch of
didactic instruction in the institution, in the work of which every student
takes part.

Thirty-eight states and territories have contributed to the Woman's
Medical College of Pennsylvania students who are numbered among the
alumnae. Among foreign countries and dependencies the following are
represented : Canada, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, New Bruns-
wick, Jamaica, Brazil, England, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Switzer-
land, Italy, Russia, Syria, India, China, Japan, Burmah, Australia, Congo
Free State, the Philippine Islands, the Hawaiian Islands and Puerto
Rico.

Our living alumnae now number 1,064; they are located in forty-
three states and territories as well as in Mexico, the Hawaiian Islands,
the Philippine Islands, Canada, Brazil, Scotland, Egypt, India, China,
Japan. Persia, Korea and Australia.

Replies to inquiry in regard to the department of practice pursued
by the alumnse of the College show that most of the various specialties
of medicine and surgery arc represented in their work, obstetrics and
gy-necolog}^ largely predominating. A minority report their practice as

*Dr. Swain died December 25, 1910.

tAddress to graduates by Rachel L. Bodley, M.D., March 17, 1881.

"general," but add that they are doing a larger proportion of obstetrical
and gynecological work than the men practitioners in the same localities.

It is to be remembered in this connection that no branch of medi-
cine requires a higher degree of self-possession and promptness in the
selection and application of scientific methods than modern obstetrical
practice, nor docs any department of surgery, probably, present graver
difficulties than the operations included in the practice of gynecology.

Sixty-one years of experience have proved the wisdom of the
founders of this school in recognizing and seeking to meet the demand of
the public for a body of educated women physicians.

«A

The Course of Instruction

tional college

HE Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania
is the oldest, largest and the only separate
woman's medical college in the United States.
Its alumn?e are scattered over the whole
world and are engaged in all branches of
medical work.

The graduates of this school leave well
prepared to take up their career in the medical
profession, the course of four years offering
many advantages not obtained in a co-educa-
"The course of instruction continues through four college
years, eight months each, and is given by means of lectures, demonstra-
tions, laboratory work, recitations and clinical teaching, so arranged as
to constitute a progressive course of study and practical work."

The first year the students' time is devoted to lectures and recita-
tions on General and Organic Chemistry and Toxicology, Anatomy, Phys-
iology, Histology and Embryology ; laboratory work in Chemistry, Anat-
omy, Histology, Embryology and Pharmacy ; and instruction in bandaging.
The second year's course closely resembles the first, although an
introduction to the third year's work is obtained in the lectures and reci-
tations on the following subjects: Descriptive and Applied Anatomy,
Physiology, Hygiene, General Pathology, Bacteriology, Surgery,
Obstetrics, Physiological and Pathological Chemistry and Materia
Medica, and instruction in Physical Diagnosis ; laboratory work in
Physiological and Pathological Chemistry, Anatomy, Physiology, Pathol-
ogy and Bacteriology.

The first two years having prepared the student in the fundamentals
of medicine, the last two years are more practical. Third year students
attend lectures and recitations in General Pathology, Materia Medica and
Therapeutics, Surgery, Practice of Medicine, Obstetrics, Gynaecology' and
Pediatrics. Practical work is done on the cadaver in Operative Gynae-
cology and Operative Surgery. There is also a course in Obstetrical
Diagnosis. Instruction is given in Physical Diagnosis, Post-mortem
Technique and Morbid Anatomy, and in addition the dispensary courses
arranged by sections give ample opportunity in practical work along the
lines of Minor Surgery, Obstetrics, INIedicine, Pediatrics, Gynaecology.

The fourth year is a continuation of the lectures and recitations on
the Practice of Medicine, Obstetrics, Surgery and Pediatrics, Operative
Obstetrics and a course in Fracture Dressing. Courses in the specialties

o
o

o
y.

— ( Jplulialmology, Otology, Laryngology and Rhinology, Xeurology,
Dermatology, Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical Jurisprudence, Psychiatry,
— are also given this year, although examination is recjuired in only two
of them, the selection being optional. Bedside instruction is given in the
College Hospital, the Maternity of the College and in the Philadelphia
General Hospital.

Each student of the fourth year class attends and delivers ten cases
in the out-obstetric practice of the college maternity. Fourth year stu-
dents are also required to follow and study carefully cases assigned them
in the College Hospital Gynaecological, Surgical and Medical wards,
making the routine clinical and laboratory examinations.

During the third and fourth years clinical instruction, to sections of
the class, is given in the Dispensary of the College Hospital, Barton Dis-
pensary, in the German Hospital and in the fourth year in the Howard
Hospital and the Philadelphia (icneral Hospital. Attendance on the
clinics of the College Hospital, the Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and
(ierman Hospital is also required.

Dr. YoiNc's Clinic in Orthopedics

Sections of students from the fourth year class, who wish to attend,
are given instruction in contagious diseases at the Municipal Hos-
pital.

The College laboratories are well equipped and afford plenty of
material for study and demonstration. There is also a good reference
library whose shelves are filled with many of the latest medical books
and periodicals.

The graduates of the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania are
fully equipped and prepared for medical work along any line because,
as it is shown above, the opportunities afforded them as students are the
best. D. M. P., 191 1.

A Section at the Municipal Hospital

4.3

The Maternity Department

Having considered the course in general, it will be well to take up
more in detail one of the subjects in which our College especially excels,
namely, the Obstetrical department.

The Obstetrical course is begun in the second year with introductory
lectures on anatomy and embryology. The third year presents only
normal Obstetrics by means of lectures, recitations, obstetrical diagnosis
on the manikin, hospital section work, and attendance on cases at the
hospital and with a Senior on outpractice. Each Junior student is thus
given the opportunity of seeing an average of eight or nine cases, of
making necessary measurements and examinations, and of caring for the
newborn child.

The Senior course continues somewhat the same methods of teaching
with lectures and recitations, particular attention being paid to operative
Obstetrics by lectures, demonstrations, and manikin work. Each Senior
student, furthermore, delivers ten cases in the outpractice of the College
Maternity Hospital, and examines and registers an average of fourteen
or fifteen cases. In addition to these ten cases attended in the Senior year,
each student during the Junior and Senior years combined sees an average
of seventeen cases. Some students have seen as many as twenty-five or
thirty cases.

"The Maternity Hospital of the Woman's Medical College of Penn-
sylvania was first established as an outpractice maternity hospital in
January, 1888, by Dr. Anna E. Broomall. then ])rofessor of Obstetrics in
the college, and for twenty-three years it has provided trained medical
attendance for poor women in their homes. It is situated in the south-
eastern district of the city, a crowded section with a large foreign popu-
lation, made up chiefly of Russian Jews and Italians. As these foreigners
are accustomed to employ midwives, and prefer the care of women, this
quarter of the city oflfers a particularly wide scope for the work of the
hospital, which has been from the first carried on exclusively by women.

From a .small beginning the numbers have grown until nearly six
thousand deliveries have been recorded, the annual average for the last
seven years being three hundred and fifty-seven, the students thus securing,
under the supervision of the physicians in the department of Obstetrics,
wide practical experience in maternity work before graduation.

In order that the students might have still further opportunities in
Obstetrics in a hospital under the direct control of the college, the house
which had formerly served as a base for the outpractice work, was
equipped and opened as a hospital for in-patients October i, 1903.
Although the buildings are small, they have during the eight years of
hospital existence sheltered more than one thousand patients. Many
serious conditions have arisen for treatment, and last year three
Caesarean section operations were performed within seven months.

The records of both hospital and outpractices show excellent
results, even when the cases must be conducted amid the most unfavorable
surroundings of poverty and dirt.

Such experience is of incalculable value to young women who are
about to take up the practice of medicine. Obstetrics is a branch which
is particularly the province of w'omen physicians, not only in the coun-
tries of the Far East, where such cases can be attended only by women,
but also in our own great cities, where midwives are conducting between
forty and fifty per cent, of all confinements. No department calls for
greater skill and judgment in emergencies, and in no other must the
physician carry the double rcs])onsil)iIity for two lives."

"OiR Patikn'ts" Harc;.\i\in(; ox South I-'dcrth Street

Life in the Soi'th-Hastekn District

Leaving "Maternity"

When all the babies are born,

And no more mothers can die ;
When the dear little eyes are all Creded

And the darlings no longer can cry ;
When the temperatures all have been taken,

And there are no more pulses to count ;
When the visiting all has been finished,

And there are no more stairways to mount ;
When Italians, Russians and Hebrews,

Sing only one sweet, gladsome song;
When we understand clearly each other

And nothing can ever go wrong,
Then will we rest and be happy.

Then, will we sleep without care,
Then, will we know the sweet peace

Of having done joyfully our share.

L. R. M.

Response to Toast on "Medical Colleges for Women"

BY DR. CLARA MARSHALL
Representing the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania*

Madam Toastiiiistrcss and fclloza members of the American Medical
Association:

I well remember the first time I was called upon to respond to a
toast. It was before a body of women physicians. Having painfully
and laboriously committed to memory my brief remarks, and after a
meal which as far as I was concerned partook of the nature of sawdust
and ashes, I managed to make a respectable effort. Imagine my chagrin
to find that the majority of the other victims brazenly and ostenta-
tiously read their responses. Whereupon I said to myself, "Let this
fable teach thee." Now, I cling to my notes "like a bairn to its mither,
a wee birdie to its nest."

I have been asked to speak on the subject of medical colleges for
women, but since the Woman's Medical College of Baltimore has just
completed its last session, I am here to represent, not colleges, but the
medical college for women, the only "regular" separate school for
women in the United States of America.

It is claimed that medical education is in a period of transition,
that university training, which means co-education, is the education
of tlie future. In the great West it is tlie education of the present. It
is in the East that we find the literary colleges for women to which
students come in increasing and ever increasing numbers, the sum total
running into the thousands: Vassar, Wellesley, Smith, Mount Holyoke,
Radcliffe, Barnard, Goucher, Wells, and last, but not least, Bryn Mawr.

It is in the East that we have separate medical colleges for men :
Harvard, Yale, the University of Pittsburgh, just closed to women, the
University of Pennsylvania and many others. It is, therefore, not out
of accord with the .spirit of the East, that among the medical schools,
some of which have and many of which have not university affiliations,
there should be one medical college for women.

*At the banquet of the women members of the American Medical .Association
held at St. Louis, June, 1910.

It is my privilege on this occasion to point out what this one school
has stood for and what it now stands for. In so doing "I shall nothing
extenuate, nor aught set down in malice."

The Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania owed its foundation
in 1850 to the fact that women were denied admission to medical schools
already established.

The first object then was the teaching of medicine to women. A
secondary result was the training of zvomcn as teachers of medicine.

At the solicitation of a number of philanthropic ladies. Dr. Emeline
Horton Cleveland, one of our most brilliant alumnae, entered the School
of Obstetrics in connection with the Maternity of Paris, August 27, i860.
At the close of her term of service, she received the diploma of the
school and also carried away five prizes, two of them first prizes.

Dr. Cleveland (in 1862) became the first woman occupant of the
Chair of Obstetrics which she filled with rare ability, an opportunity
made possible only by the existence of this separate school for women.

The need for better clinical facilities for our students stimulated
Dr. Ann Preston, Dean of the Faculty, to interest the Corporators, Fac-
ulty and Lady Managers of the College in establishing a hospital ; these
in turn interested other friends of the medical education of women
and there was founded in 1861, the Woman's Hospital of Philadelphia,
of which Dr. Cleveland became the first resident physician.

While at that time the only clinical teaching in Philadelphia avail-
able for men was in the amphitheatre, many of our students boarded
in the Woman's Hospital, doing the work of internes, graduate internes
being introduced some years later. Moreover, sections of students made
daily rounds of the hospital wards : only possible in this separate school
of medicine for women.

Said Theodore Roosevelt, in a recent address to Cambridge Uni-
versity students (how could this dinner be complete without quoting
Colonel Roosevelt?), "In the absence of war, there can be no great gen-
erals." With equal truth it may be said that without opportunity to
teach, there can be no great teachers. The Woman's Medical College
of Pennsylvania furnishes this opportunity.

An interesting illustration of the stimulation of inventive talent
which might otherwise have lain dormant, was afforded by the case of
one of our young assistants in gynaecology, who, finding that it was very
difficult for some students to learn from illustrations on flat surfaces,
has begun a series of unique models of the pelvic organs, while her
colleague in trying to solve the problem of how best to teach operative
g>'naecology is evolving another quite different and equally unique series.

When these models were displayed before a recent meeting of our
Alumnae Association, so much interest was aroused that I asked if I
might bring the models with me to St. Louis. As the series is not
finished they will be exhibited before the Association at some future
time. In the meantime I shall be glad to show them to those interested
at my hotel — The Planters.

Apropos of teaching opportunities in separate colleges for women,
Dr. Emily Blackwell, in an address on the occasion of the celebration
of the semi-centennial of our college in 1900, wherein she refers to the
closing of the Woman's Medical College of the New York Infirmary,
say?, "There was no one thing which the friends of the New York
College regretted more in closing it than the fact that it cut short,
temporarily at least, the teaching career of a group of capable and rising
young women teachers." It may be added that although the opening
of Cornell University Medical School to women was the cause of the
closing of the Woman's Medical College of the New York Infirmary,
Cornell University Medical School, now, eleven years later (according
to its latest catalogue) has no women teachers.

While accepting the dictum of "physician first and specialist after-
ward" and while not abating one jot or tittle in the desire to graduate
students equipped in all departments, the college stands for superior
facilities for the study of obstetrics and diseases of women, both of which
are of prime importance to women physicians.

Since a large majority of the latter have a relatively large amount
of gynaecological and obstetric work, they require much of special equip-
ment. This can best be secured in a separate school, the organization of
which permits the regarding of special needs.

Our college represents an organization, and organized eflfort can
often accomplish results where the individual would fail. For instance,
our great city hospital w^ith a present bed capacity of over 3.600, in ad-
mitting a woman to its staff, selected, purposely, a member of our faculty,
and recently, a vacancy occurring, a woman was again selected, without
question, from our faculty.

Speaking of the Philadelphia General Hospital, I am reminded that
it has been said that the most women have a right to expect is "a fair
field and no favor" ; of the "no favor" we may always be quite sure. The
first woman member of the staff of the above-named institution was
obliged to give up the pleasant months of April, May and June to accept
a term of service for January, February and March because a senior
colleague — a man — could not stand the inclement weather of the latter
months.

Let me give you another instance resulting to women from an
organization in their interest. Our school in common with others was
invited to send a delegate to the International Congress of Laryngology
and Rhinology, held in Vienna in April, 1908. We sent Dr. Margaret
F. Butler, who was not only the only woman delegate, but the only dele-
gate from North America. Dr. Sir Felix Semon, in the International
Centralblatt filr Laryngologie, May, 1908, says: "An enthusiastic laryn-
gologist, Madam Butler, of Philadelphia, addressed the Congress on be-
half of North America in a very expressive manner. This was the first
time that a woman has been chosen Honorary President of an interna-
tional congress, actually presiding at one of its meetings. Madam Butler
performed the duties in such a quiet, intelligent manner that the pro-
ceedings progressed as though they ran entirely of their own accord."

The above could not have been written had there been no separate
school of medicine, for there would have been no woman delegate.

Again, men have an opportunity to choose separate education in
medicine if they so desire. The existence of the Woman's Medical Col-
lege of Pennsylvania makes such a choice possible to women also ; and
that too in a great city, which by its very size affords ample clinical
advantages.

In a separate school for women, there is due regard for the woman's
point of view. We have sometimes found, for instance, that it is difficult
for a man professor to fully appreciate the fact that the appointment of
a man assistant cuts oflf the opportunity of some young woman. It is
the function of a college for women to see to it that this lack of clearness
of vision does not stand in the way of the progress of women in medicine.

According to the Journal of the American Medical Association,
May 21, 1910, our college stands in Class I, which includes those schools
having had less than ten per cent, of failures in State Board Examina-
tions throughout the United States of America. The class of 1909 had
no failures. This was not true of the College of Physicians and Sur-
geons (Chicago) ; Rush Medical College; of the medical departments of
the following universities: Johns Hopkins, Yale, Harvard, University of
Minnesota, University of Pennsylvania, and of many other schools in
good standing.

Many schools for men have large endowments ; in spite of inade-
quate endowment, we have been able to turn out a finished product of
which we need not feel ashamed. With increased endowment our teach-
ing plant might be still further improved. In this connection, I may say
that I am in a receptive frame of mind. I am forcibly reminded of
the remarks of a negro preacher who said, "Breddern, I've hearn tell

a good deal of this yer talk about 'taint' money. All I know is 'taint
enough."

The Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania to the women of
the American Medical Association sends greeting. She asks your inter-
est, and if this body of representative women wishes to stand sponsor to
this only female medical child, we on our part are ready to sign the
articles of adoption.

XO THE

L^ASS or
1911

When the days of Commencement are over,
Those days you are longing to see,

I suppose you will all be exclaiming,
"How blessed it is to be free !"

"Good-bye, Gynaecology quizzes

That paralyzed even the brave
(One look at those classifications

Was enough to make anyone rave) ;

"Good-bye to that eight o'clock ward-class ;

Good-bye to Pathology slides.
To poor, overworked Nicodemus,

And lectures and clinics besides."

But if you can spare just a minute

From thoughts that have made you so glad,

Look again on your sojourn at college.
For somehow, it wasn't half bad.

Of course your instructors were human ;

There were times when they had an oflf day
If their lectures were not always thrilling.

There was none knew it better than they.

If they stood on one leg while they lectured.

It was not to appear like a clown ;
Just try yourselves teaching Obstetrics,

And see if both feet will stay down.

.■55

If tliey frequently thundered, "Get busy,"'

That surely is worthy advice ;
If they showed you the motions of tennis,

You certainly thought it was nice.

Full freely they gave you their knowledge,
They labored to make it take root,

And the duty is laid on your shoulders
To see that their teachings bear fruit.

If when you begin to give ether,

You only say, "Blow it away,"
No watering-pot will be needed.

In spite of the Halloween play.

And if that alone should not answer.

And the patient should struggle or weep,

Make use of that magical sentence,
"Just quietly going to sleep."

If you find an appendix or gall-stones,
With the patient in direful plight.

Remember to call in a surgeon.

Though none but yourself be in sight.

The problems that wait for your solving
Are knotty enough, without doubt.

Why is it the affluent patients
Appear when the doctor is out?

And if you should have the good fortune
To be on the spot when they call,

\\'hy is it they always have symptoms
That aren't in the text-books at all?

And why should they come to consult you,
And take a good piece of your day,

If they pur])ose to follow their fancies
And not do a thing that you say?

Why is it the stork and the babies

Prefer to arrive in the night?
And why — but the questions are legion

On which the profession seeks hght.

May fortune attend your sohitions,

May patients crowd thick at your door,
May wisdom and courage and honor

Be with you in bountiful store.

And now, while you stand on the threshold,
In doubt where your pathway may lead,

Have a thought in your heart for your College,
So eager to wish you Godspeed.

Alice Weld Tallant.

Class Motto

"In necessariis unitas; in dubiis libcrtas; in omnibus caritas."
Class Flower — The Poppy

Officers

President — Dorris M. Pkesson*.
Vice-President and Treasurer — Li Yuin Tsao.
Secretary — Adelaide Ellsworth.

Marguerite Bailev.

'•There is a great deal of unmapped country
within us which would have to be taken into
account in an explanation of our gusts and
storms."

Mary Evelyn Brydon, after exhausting
the teachers of Danville, Virginia, took the
"kyars" for the North to study nursing at
Dr. Price's Training School for Nurses.
After graduating there and taking one
term in the Northfield Bible Training
School, "B" returned to the South to thaw
out and get warmed up, after which she
came again to Philadelphia to study medi-
cine and human nature at W. M. C. Her
first impressions of W. M. C. were scrub-
bing bones, the unsavoriness of which occu-
pation, however, was for two years offset
every Sunday morning with waffles, quickly
buttered and eaten while hot. She hangs
her ''kyard'' out at the Book Room and is
always at your service.

"Eve" and "Meine" conceived the idea of
a college paper. The JEsculaf'ian, and now
Eve is its editor-in-chief. She was Vice-
President of Y. W. C. A., 'og-'io, and
House Chairman of Brinton Hall, 'oS-'og;
is a member of the Student Volunteer Band
and the basket-ball crowd. Member of vic-
torious 191 1 team in the histology contest
of 1910. She expects to take post-graduate
work "in the school of experience"' and to
practice —

In the world of men and brothers.

Where all human woes are found.
There I'll he a sister, stranger ;

Just a stranger, homeward bound.

"I have oft hoard men say there be
Some that with confidence profess
The helpful art of memory."

Some few years ago little Marguerite
Bailey was born in Alliance, New Jersey,
and later attended the Vineland High
School. Marguerite's favorite studies are
Surgery and Gynecology, especially Surgery
in which she became so absorbed one day
in May that she forgot to report for the
final examination in it. She expects to do
post-graduate work ; she did not say what,
but probably it is Surgery. Her favorite
amusements are rowing and swimming, and
she is fond of music. Is an associate mem-
ber of the Y. VV. C. A.

Mary Evelyn Brydo.v.

"Let me be incasured by my soul :
The mind's Ibe staudard of tbe man."

Clementine Bash, an A.B. from Wash-
ington University, conies from Port Town-
send, Washington, the wild, woolly West.
How can "Cleinie'' adapt herself to the
sedate, quiet life of College Row on Thomp-
son street so perfectly well ? We all know
that she is a great hunter and a mountain-
climber when out West. But here, with us,
at W. M. C, her favorite amusement is
"watching the little bugs wiggle under the
microscope." Member of Y. W. C. A. Cabi-
net and Student Volunteer Band; business
manager of the Scalpel. She expects to
take an interneship and some post-graduate
work : specialize in diseases of women and
children and practice in China.

Cle.me.ntine Bash.

A.NNE Reynolds C.\ffrey.

•"Hut a smooth and steadfast mind.
Gentle thoutrlits and calm desires.''

Ashley, Pa., is only known to us as the
birthplace of A.nne Reynolds C.^ffrey.
But, now, Philadelphia is proud to claim
her as one of its citizens, and will become
more so as the years go in-, for, not being
content with graduating in Ashley High
School. St. Mary's Convent of Wilkesbarre,
and the State Xormal School, and being a
trained nurse and settlement worker, "Miss
Caflfrc\'' has also aspired to be a Doctor.

She is going to make a good one. too, —
with her perfect poise, her womanliness,
steady liaTid, quiet, convincing way, and
pleasing disposition. No doubt she will
excel in Surgery and Gynaecology, her fa-
vorite studies occasionally, when there was
nothing else found to do at home, she re-
ported for lectures and quizzes at least in
these.

^\'hen tired of arduous toil, relaxation in
her favorite amusements, the theatre, music,
and reading, kept the delicate constitution
of the "Little One's' rival from succumbing
under the strain. Member of the "Teanne
d'Arc" (A. C. Club).

She expects to take an interneship in the
Hospital of the Woman's Medical College
and to practice in Philadelphia.

Carolyn A. Clark.

'•Thou, whose exterior semblance doth belie
Thy soul's immensity."

Sarah M. Davies, Mahanoy City, Pa.
"Dee" is next to the baby in the class and
and is "heap the littlest" of them all ; yet
you ought to see her clanging the bell of a
hospital ambulance and bossing the Freshies,
especially Miss Hooker and Miss Smith, in
Chemical Lab. Also, she was a mem-
ber of the victorious igii teams in both
the histology contests.

Sadie has a little nephew named John,
and her favorite amusement is talking
about "Little John" ; and her favorite study
is to learn how to doctor him and other
little Johns.

Before coming to W. AL C. she attended
Mahanoy City High School and Millers-
ville State Normal School. She expects to
take an interneship in the Hospital of the
Woman's Medical College, as much post-
graduate work as she can afford, and to
specialize in Laryngology, but does not
know where she will practice. Member of
the A. O. D. Fraternity.

"I have lived to know that the secret of
happiness is never to allow your energies to
stagnate.''

Another Utile girl is Carolyn A. Clark,
who was born at Muncy, Pa. She attended
the Muncy High School and Williamsport
Commercial College. "Clarkie" was very
serious when she first came to W. M. C.
and spent all her time walking around the
Girard wall and studying her books, but
the second year basket-ball became inter-
esting to iier, and ever since Carolyn has
been a wild enthusiast and a star player.
She is still a hard worker, though, the hard-
est worker in school, always busy about
something.

From experience Carolyn can give refer-
ences on all the boarding and lodging
houses of the college community, having
lived in them all. She was secretary of
the Class 'og-'io, and secretary of Y. W. C.
A. She expects to take an interneship in
Woman's Hospital of Philadelphia, but has
not decided where to practice.

Sarah AL Davies.

•Tromptltude is not only a duty, but It Is
also ii purt of good manners ; it is favorable to
forlunt', reputation, influence and usefulness ;
and a little attention and enei't;y will form
the babii, so as to make it easy and de-
ligbtful."

Effie JiEi.i.E UuNLAP timidly started
out from Ligonier, Pa., to the great, be-
wildering, intricate city of Philadelphia to
study medicine. Someone met her at Broad
Street Station and escorted her to W. M. C.
That spoiled "Diinnie," because ever since
she thinks that it is not proper and safe for
little girls to go out alone in a big city: they
might get lost. She would blush, however,
if you told her that.

She attended Ligonier High School, and
Ligonier Classical Institute and used to
teach school, but now is going to practice
somewhere in Pennsylvania after taking an
interneship in the Hospital of the Woman's
Medical College and post-graduate work in
her chosen specialty.

She likes best to study Otologj' when not
skating or embroidering. Is an associate
member of the Y. W. C. A.

Effie Belle Dinlap.

"lie who labors diligently need never de-
spair ; for all tbiugs are accomplished by dili-
gence and labor."

Adelaide Ellsworth, Centre Moreland,
Pa. "'Ellie" is going to know everything
and is indispensable to the class because
she is not afraid to ask questions ; most
every one else is. Her favorite study is
Surgery, and she is going to be a good
surgeon : her observant eye has seen each
stitch put in at all operations ; even when
other eyes have not. Adelaide is senti-
mental, too, though one would not expect a
surgeon to be that. She is a star in Ste-
vens' Quiz.

She has attended Wyoming Seminary
and Bloomsburg State Normal School, and
used to teach. Secretary of Class, Sopho-
more and Senior years : Secretary of Y. W.
C. A. ; President of Medical Association.
She expects to take an interneship in the
Woman's Hospital of Philadelphia and do
post-graduate work.

Adelaide Ellsworth.

Sarah Martin Longacre Garrett.

"Who can foretell for wliat high cause
This darling of the gods was born?"

Agnes Hockaday is intellectual. Balti-
more, Md., produced her. Whether she ac-
quired this trait in the Baltimore Eastern
High School or during her three years'
attendance upon the Baltimore Woman's
Medical College we know not. Suffice it
to say that she bore all the hall-marks of
"brains" when she entered the class in the
Senior year. In other words she is the
refuge of the quiz-master when the class
is doubtful as to the subject matter.

Agnes is a special friend of Mary
Lewis and a very few others. She is uni-
formly courteous, however, so one will-
ingly overlooks her unsociability.

She is a member of the Y. W. C. A.
and A. E. I. Fraternity. Her interneship
will be taken in the Woman's Hospital of
Philadelphia.

"Nor for my peace will I go far.

As wanderers do, that still do roam ;

But make my strengths, such as they are,
Here in my bosom, and at home."

Mrs. Sarah Martin Longacre Garrett
was born in Chester County, Pa., and some-
what later attended the Phcenixville School.
Afterwards she studied nursing and is a
graduate nurse. She is a "Friend to man"
and consequently her favorite amusement
is pleasing others. Her first impressions
of the Freshman year were "terrible," but
she got married in the second year and
has been happy ever afterward. Mrs. Gar-
rett expects to take post-graduate work
and practice in Philadelphia. Associate
member of Y. W. C. A.

Agnes Hockaday.

"In the world of dreams, I liave chosen my
part."

Emilie C. Jamison was born in Harts-
ville, Pa., but lives now in Philadelphia
most of the time. "Jimmie" has deep, dark
eyes that are dreamy and seem to say,
"Persuade the world to trouble me no
more." Jimmie used to attend the Girls'
High School of Philadelphia and the Phila-
delphia Normal School for Girls when she
was not riding her horse and tramping in
the fields and woods. She is very ambi-
tious and spends her Summer months and
other odd moments studying Psychology
and related subjects at U. of P.

When she came to W. M. C. she was
impressed with the stupendoiisness of
Anatomy and wondered how in the course
of events one human mind could ever con-
tain the material of the great Gray's
Anatomy; and probably is still wondering.
Her favorite study is Obstetrics. She ex-
pects to take an interneship and practice
in Philadelphia. Member of Y. W. C. A.

Or.\ H. Kress.

E.MILIE C. J.\MI»O.N".

"I have no roast, but a nnt-hrown toast
And an apple laid in tho firo.
With a little bread shall do me stead."

Ora H. Kress. Though her birthplace,
Michigan can hardly claim Ora. Her
girlhood was spent in England and Aus-
tralia, where she acquired her preliminary
education, crowned by a nurse's diploma
from Wahroonga Sanitarium, Sidney,
Australia.

On entering W. M. C. in IQO?. "Kressy"
made up her mind that she "didn't want
to become a hen-medic during the four
years in college." This determination
never failed her.

Her brilliant career at W. ^l. C. was
interrupted from 1908-1909 when she took
the second year work in George Wash-
ington University, Washington, D. C.
Ever faitliful, to us she returned in 1909
bringing with her even brighter sunshine
and sweeter music. Before long we were
reading a monogram which constantly and
befittingly labeled her O. K.

Member of A. E. I. Fraternity, Y. W. C.
A., and Student Volunteer Band.

Ora has "dreams" of doing post-gradu-
ate work in Edinburgh and hopes to do a
general practice among women, specializ-
ing in Gynecology and Obstetrics. The
place where she will practice will be deter-
mined bv other cireutiistances.

"Happy am I ; from care I'm froo ;
Why aren't they all contented like me?"

Edith Maodalena Lehnis was born in
Marilla, N. Y., but she has never told how
long ago. We have known her for just
one year. She is a very modest maiden ;
for half a year we called her "Miss" be-
fore we found out accidentally that it
should be Dr. Lehnis, being an M.D. of P.
and S. of Boston. Also she had studied
previously at Masten Park High School
and University of Buffalo.

She says her Freshman year was "fierce,"
and as for boarding and lodging houses:
"found them all the same, only more so."
When tired of her favorite study, the
sphenoid bone, she amuses herself with
blood counts. She is going to specialize
in heart diseases and practice in Buffalo,
N. Y. Member of Y. W. C. A.

Edith M.midale.va Lehnis.

"Ills mind his kingdom, and his will his law."

In Mary Ruth Lewis we have a
"Friend." It has been said that Ohio pro-
duced the greatest statesmen of the coun-
try. We accept these words without any
hesitation for, indeed, statesmanship has
been personified in our Mary, a worthy
daughter of Sabina, Ohio. The Sabina
High School, Wilmington College and Earl-
ham College all took turns in educating
Mary, sending her to us for the final crisis.

Keen sight, diplomacy and determination
to succeed form the tripod on which her
wonderful capability stands, crowned by
that gift of idealizing the real when the
realization of the ideal is impossible.

Her power of leadership was noted as
early as the Sophomore year when we made
her our Class President, and later as a
Senior, when she was elected president of
the Students' Association.

We regret to say that in her Senior year,
Mary has often made us victims of her
"oversight," and we hope that her friends
will spare her for a little time before this
last year reaches a close.

She expects to serve her interncship in
the Woman's Hospital of Philadelphia. As
to where she will practice. "That. " she says,
"is the question."

!Mary is a member of the Y. W. C. A.
Cabinet and of the A. E. I Fraternity.

Mary Rith Lewis.

"May I a buuII house and a large garden have ;
And a few friends, and many books, both true,
Both wise, and both deligUtful too !"

Julia Mary Levandoski was born in
Posen, Germany. After coming to the
U. S., her preliminary education was ob-
tained at irioly Name High School at Chico-
pee, Mass.; Springfield (Mass.) High
School ; and Woman's Medical College of
Baltimore. She came to W. M. C. in the
Senior year and through her quiet way and
pleasing disposition has won an estimable
place in the class. When she is not study-
ing her favorite study, Obstetrics, she
amuses herself by skating and going to the
theatre. She expects to take an intcrneship,
post-graduate work at Johns Hopkins,
to specialize in Gynaecology, and to prac-
tice in Massachusetts.

Member of "Jeanne d'Arc" (A. C. Club).

Hattie Fk.\nk Love.

Jllia Mary Levandowski.

"Oh, I.,ove bath charms to soothe the savage
breast.
To soften rocks or bend a knotted oak."

Hattie Frank Love came to us a full-
fledged A.B. from Randolph-Macon Wo-
man's College.

Being 7'cry fond of out-door sports, she
foimd difficulty in learning to confine her-
self to the boarding-house life; she moved
three times in the Freshman year "just to
pay the rent." as rumor reports. The ex-
perience thus acquired fitted her for a posi-
tion with the Information Bureau, and we
are not surprised to hear her say that her
impressions of the first vear "are not print-
able."

But her college course was well started
and well rooted. She was Vice-President of
the class 1907-1908: Leader of the Student
Volunteer Band 1008-1910; President of the
Young \\'omcn's Christian Association 1910-
191 1 ; Associate Fditor of the Scalpel.
Her favorite studies are chemistry and
clinical pathology (!!!) and in both
branches she excels. Member of Y. W. C.
A.. Student Volunteer Band, and the Basket
Ball crowd. Fxpects to take an intcrneship
at Memorial Hospital, Worcester, Mass.,
and to practice in China.

Oh. great Tennessee that raised Love as
a pebble in its Sweehivter!!

Mary Jane McFall.

"Thy modesty's a cradle to thy merit."

"Being your slave, what should I do but tend
Upon the hours and times of your desire?

I have no precious time at all to spend,
Nor services to do, till you require."

Though geographically obscure, Ger-
mauia, Pa., is famous for being the birth-
place of Berta Meine. We say birthplace
advisedly; as a matter of fact, Meine has
never waked up. Incidentally, she culti-
vated the practice of dreaming at Mans-
field State Normal and became proficient
in the art at Bucknell University.

After teaching awhile she came to Wo-
man's Medical in order not to be disturbed,
thereby at once providing "Von" with a
daily occupation.

Meine parts her hair on the side ; "thinks"
during Materia Medica quiz; and, if aroused
sufificiently, answers more "reasonably" than
any one else in the class.

No interneship for Meine. Her pre-
dilection is the microscope and she intends
to follow her instinct, "if Von will let her"'
after taking a post-graduate course.

To our "Bert'' is due the financial suc-
cess of The JEsculapian's first year of ex-
istence. For she has the honor of being
its first originator and first Business Mana-
ger.

Meine was a member of the victorious
ipri teams in the histology contests.

"Fill up the howl, then, fill it high.
Fill all the glasses there — for why
Should every creature drink but I?
Why, man of mortals, tell me why?"

Mary Jane McFall was born in Somer-
set, Kings County, Nova Scotia. A British
subject, so to speak, but "Mac" has lots
of wit, and can see a joke real quick, that
is if she stops talking long enough to hear
one. Her previous education was obtained
at the Provincial High School, and she was
a pedagogue before wise judgment brought
her to W. M. C. Upon her arrival she
thought, "What a mighty lot the Seniors
must know !" but since becoming a Senior
herself, her opinion has changed. We ad-
mire in "Mac" more than any of her nu-
merous qualities, the perfect consistency
with which she keeps her strong principles
in life.

She is Associate Business Manager of
the Scalpel and member of Y. W. C. A.
Cabinet. She expects to take an interne-
ship in the Woman's Hospital of Philadel-
phia and practice in Somerset, Nova Scotia.

Berta Meine.

"To fireside liappinoss, to liour.s of ease.
Blest with tliat charm, the certainty to please."

Caroline Louise Moeller, of New York
City, tried to slip quietly into the class in
the Senior year, not making any fnss over
the hard examinations taken and credit-
ably passed in a marvelously short time.
But this modesty,

"Her gesture, motion, and her smiles,
Her wit, her voice, our hearts beguiled."

Besides studying in the Training Depart-
ment of Normal College, New York, taking
an A.B. from the Normal College and doing
post-graduate work at New York Univer-
sity and Columbia College, she has taught
the young idea how to shoot and still
found time for her favorite amusement,
"cutting up."

Her future plans are "hopes," the interne-
ship to be taken in a real home with a post-
graduate course of domestic bliss, and
practicing in the West.

Member of Y. W. C. A. Associate Busi-
ness Manager of The Sca!f>el.

Caroline Louse Moeller.

Sophie Ostrow.

"Silence bejond all speech, a wisdom rare."

Sophie Ostrow came to us from Chersan,
Russia, "just to learn English the first
year," expecting to take the medical course
in five years, but when the first May rolled
around, she was answering in quizzes as
glibly as anyone; and a few months later
the Faculty reported that every member of
the Freshman class had passed. Of course,
that included Sophie, and we were very
proud of her. Furthermore, in the Sopho-
more year she received honorable mention
for having made the best progress in
Physiological Laboratory work of any
member of the class. She is always quiet
and unassuming and never making any fuss
about the splendid work she is doing. H
you want to see her rea]l> enthusiastic, how-
ever, ask her if she likes music and if
she ever goes to hear the Philadelphia Or-
chestra, especially when Ehlman is the
soloist.

Her favorite study is Practice of Medi-
cine, in which she plans to specialize and to
take post-graduate work in Euro|)e, then to
practice in Wilmington, Del.

Dolores Perez-Marchand.

When we deliberate about beginning, it is
already too late to begin."

St. Johns, Newfoundland, vaunts itself
as the native sliore of Olive Pippy. She
arrived late one night and has never recu-
perated from the habit ; she is still "the late
Miss Pippy."

After traveling educationally through
South Lancaster Academy, South Lancas-
ter, Mass.; Methodist College, St. Johns,
and the School of Art, same city, she took
a course in nursing at Melrose, Mass. Then
arrived in her inimitable fashion at W. M.
C, where being socially inclined, she be-
came invariably scrupulous in keeping the
Examination Monitor company to the ex-
treme end of the hour.

Skating is her favorite amusement, and
Rhinology and Laryngology her most en-
joyable studies.

"Pip" isn't a giant in stature but is an
all-around good fellow ; thorough in her
work, warm-hearted, and always ready to
do a kindly deed for somebody.

She is an active member of the Y. W. C.
A. and of the Student Volunteer Band.
Her ideal future practice lies in the for-
eign field, whither she intends to betake
herself and her pretty white "baby" seal.

"A little tact and wise management may
often evade resistance, and carry a point, where
direct force might be in vain."

Dolores Perez-Marchand after tiring of
horse-back riding over the suimy hills of
the Tropics, arrived in the U. S. with her
brogue and baggage from Ponce, Puerto
Rico. She had previously graduated in
1906 from "La Alta Escucla de Ponce,"
Puerto Rico, then entered Wilson College,
Chanibcrsburg, Pa., in the fall of 1906.
When "Lolita" came to W. M. C. she re-
ceived such a scare of Anatomy, the box of
bones, and Dr. Noble, that she retired to her
third story perch and was never useful for
anything: a typical drone, until the honor
of Junior Literary Editor of The JEscula-
pian pulled her down. Discovering the
worth that had been so modestly hidden, the
class elected her in the Senior year to be
Editor-in-Chief of The Scalpel. Lolita grew
so in dignity after three years of disciplin-
ing obstreperous "China" that in her Senior
year her young brother was entrusted to her
chaperonage.

She is an associate member of the Y.
W. C. A. Expects to take an interneship in
the States; "o to Paris, France, for post-
graduate work in her favorite study, Gynae-
cology; and then to practice somewhere ir*
Latin America.

Olive Pippv.

"As to tl:eir cliiefcst seat
Conspicuous und great."

Naumburg, on the Saale, Germany, is re-
sponsible for GisELA VON PoswiK. A pri-
vate tutor laid the foundation ; Hohere
Tochter Schule, Naumburg, threw in the
collaterals; and German Hospital, Philadel-
phia, turned her out — "von." She nursed a
few incapacitated ones and then descended
upon W. M. C.

From personally conducting all lectures
and quizzes (from the front row — west
end) to moving Meine about in spots,
"Von" has been "on the job" since the
days of Bones. Doors would still be un-
closed—canes remain prone on the anatom-
ical floor ; college work suspended, had it
not been for our ever present "Von."

A post-graduate course awaits her in
Germany, and we see her now carrying off
all the honors by force of her personality.

A kind heart and an observant eye for
trouble and distress lurk beneath that rapa-
cious exterior ; and wherever she practices,
because of these qualities of eye and heart,
"Von" will always make good. She will get
the front place or none ; and the many who
must perforce stand aside from before the
sturdy, energetic stride, may feel compen-
sation in seeing the needy cheered and up-
lifted by the touch of her strong, practical
right hand. She is Senior Literary Editor
of The .^sculal^iiut.

GiSELA VON PoSWIK.

"Ilappy those early days when I
Sbiued in my Angel-infancy ;
Before I understood this place."

DoRRis May Presson was born a few
years ago in Farmington, Me. She is the
baby of the class, and everybody likes
Dorris, who is so good-natured, pretty, and
sweet. She never gets angry when teased,
even when presiding over Senior Class
meeting. Dorris heartily enjoys a joke an
hour or two after everyone else has for-
gotten it, and she can tell one too.

She carried her school satchel to the
Farmington High School and took a chem-
istry course in Farmington State Normal
School ; and yet when she came to W. M.
C. "she wondered if she would ever be
wise enough to occupy a front seat" Her
favorite study is Obstetrics, with Medicine
a close second ; and her favorite amusement
out of school is camping.

Vice-President of Class 'oS-'og: President
of Class 'lo-'ii; Chairman of Library
Committee of Students' Association. Mem-
ber of A, E. L Fraternity; Associate Mem-
l>er of Y. W. C. A. Expects to take an
interncship in the Woman's Hospital of
Philadelphia.

Maria Page Rvax.

"Domestic happiness, the only bliss
Of Paradise that has survived the fall !"

Mrs. Elizabeth Cisney Smith was born
in Nossville, Huntingdon County, Pa. She
attended the Carlisle High School and
Southwestern State Normal School, teach-
ing afterward in a country school until Mr.
Smith came along. They both decided to
study medicine and she entered W. M. C.
in 1906. In her Senior year, "because of a
complication which was neither in the na-
ture of a broken leg nor typhoid fever,"
she was unable to graduate in igio as she
had anticipated, but she says the disap-
pointment has been growing less as she
realizes what a privilege it is to be a
member of the present graduating class.

She expects to specialize in Obstetrics
and Gynaecology and to practice somewhere
west of the Mississippi.

"Kor she was jes' the quiet kind
Whose natures never vary.
Like streams that keep a summer mind
Snow-hid in Jenooary."

Maria Page Ryan, of Philadelphia, Pa.
"Miss Ryan" is a thorough lady, quiet and
unassuming, a conscientious student, and a
steady, earnest worker. Her early educa-
tion was obtained at the Girls' High School
and Normal School, after which, even while
studying medicine, her occupation has been
that of teacher in the Philadelphia Normal
School. During the Junior year at W. M. C.
she was Vice-President and Treasurer of
the class. She is a member of the Y. W. C.
A. and the Zeta Phi Fraternity.

Elizabeth Cisney Smith,

"He only \s a well-made man wlio bas a good
detcrmiDation."

Helen Montgomery Stewart, of Cham-
bersbiirg, Pa. Helen has moved almost as
much as Carolyn and Lovie, — one year it
is up town and next it is down town ; but
no one in the Freshman year could equal
her ardor for getting up at 4 A. M. to
study for Dr. Noble's quizzes. In the
Junior year as Presioent of the class she
safely piloted and brought it across the
shoals and through the breakers to the
shore of the Senior year.

Previous to coming to W. M. C. she at-
tended Wilson College. At VV. M C. she
was President of the class in Junior year,
and Secretary of the Students' Associa-
tion 1908-09. Her favorite study is Obstet-
rics. She e.xpects to take an interneship in
the Woman's Medical College Hospital.

Helen Moxtgomeky Stew.art.

"Whiit then remnius. but woll our power to vise,

.\n(l keep good humor still whate'cr we lose?

And trust me. dear, good humor can prevail.

When airs, and flights, and screams, and

scolding fall."

It took the largest city of the Union,
Xcw York City, to send us M.-\ry I. Sllli-
VAN in our Senior year. We stood in awe
of her because she was already an M.D.
from New York Medical College and Hos-
pital for Women, but soon her large heart
had won us all. Before studying medicine
she attended Blessed Sacrament Convent.

"The Little One" says the first year in
medicine happened in her first childhood
and therefore too long ago to remember.
Her favorite amusement is to compile sta-
tistics for the Scalpel and her favorite
study is infant feeding formulae. Anes-
thesia exclushrly is to be her specialty,
and her practice to be located in New York
City with a branch office in Texas.

Member of "Jeanne d'Arc" (A. C. Club).

Mary I. Sullivan.

Li-YuiN TsAO.

"Because her womanhood is such

That, as in court-days, subjects kiss
Thp queen's hand yet so near a touch
Affirms no mean familiarness ;

Anticipating the glory of being some
day the bioi!,raphers of a famous woman,
we have followed Li-YuiN Tsao's college
career with keen interest. "Miss Zoa'' is
a daughter of the Celestial Empire and in-
deed she does honor to the traditional cul-
ture and courtesy of Asia.

"China's" boarding house experiences
have been "bitter as gall." However, she
finds in everyday life favorite amusements
— tennis and rowing.

Attended Anglo-Chinese Girls' School,
Shanghai, China, for five years. Then two
years in Kwasui Jo Gakko, Nagasaki,
Japan, where she obtained the medal for
liighest scholarship. Came to the United
States in 1905 and immediately entered
Forest Park University, St. Louis, Mo.,
where she graduated in 1907.

Member of Y. W. C. A. Cabinet; Treas-
urer of the Undergraduate Medical Asso-
ciation, 1908-1910; Vice-President of the
Class 1910-1911; Associate Editor of the
Scalpel. Expects to take interneship and
post-graduate work in United States of
America ; specialize in Gynaecology and Ob-
stetrics and practice in China.

"My love in her attii'e doth show hor wit,
It doth so well become her :
For every season she hath dressings fit.
For winter, spring and summer."

JosEFiNA M. ViLLAFANE. "Villa's" birth-
place is questioned : does she come from
Humacao or from Yabucoa? Well, let it
suffice to say that she comes from Puerto
Rico and that to Puerto Rico she "zvill re-
turn as soo>! as possible" . . . perchance
to build a "happy nest," scented by tropical
flowers and brightened by her own sweet
music. One advice we give "Villa" : before
that GREAT DAY arrives, do learn how to sew
on your coat buttons ; paying fifty cents
apiece for the sewing of one fallen button
is too much expense for good, economical
housekeeping.

Attended Puerto Rican Academy, Balti-
more, Md. Then entered Woman's ^Icdi-
cal College of Baltimore, where she finished
the first three years, coming to us for the
last year.

Expects to specialize in her favorite
studv, Pediatrics, and to practice in Puerto
Rico.

Member of "Jeanne d'Arc" (A. C. Club).

JOSEFINA M. ViLLAFAXE.

"What sacred Inslinot did in.spire

My soul In cliildhood with a hope so strong?
What secret force moved my desire
To expect my joys beyond the seas, so
young V"

Florence R. Weaver is a "skeeter" orig-
inally from Bridgeton, N. J., where she
buzzed around the highest honors in the
High School, and afterwards at W. M. C.
during her second year llcw away with a
prize for the best daily papers in Physiol-
ogy. Also in both the Sophomore and
Junior years she was a member of the vic-
torious 191 1 teams in the histology con-
tests.

In her Freshman year, however, she was
as green as grass, if a skeeter can be, and
did not dare go a block without a diction-
ary. The everlasting anterior and poste-
rior, internal and external, superior and in-
ferior surfaces, borders and ridges of this,
that or the other bone, left little room for
any other impressions except those of
muscles.

Member of Student Volunteer Band, and
Y. VV. C. A. Cabinet. She expects to take
an interneship; a year in the Baptist Train-
ing School at Newton Centre, Mass., dur-
ing which time also attending clinics in
Boston; to specialize in Gynaecology, and to
practice in India.

Edith Winn Welbourne,

Floiience R. Weaver.

"Wondrous is the stron^th of cheerfulness;
Altogether past calculation its power of en-
durance."

Mrs. Edith Winn Welbourne was born
in Zanesville, Ohio. She is a living won-
der: after getting diplomas from a number
of business schools, she was not content,
so at W. M. C. began to study medicine,
teaching at the same time three nights in
the week in a commercial school. Even
when a holiday came around she spent the
precious moments working in a hospital.

A few of the above named business col-
leges are : the Barnes Business College of
St. Louis, Mo.; Rochester Business Insti-
tute, Rochester, N. Y. She obtained di-
plomas from Judson University, Judsonia,
Ark.; Springfield (Mo.) Normal School,
and Springfield Business College. Some-
where and sometime in her career, also,
she became a member of the Eastern Star
Chapter, Daughters of Rebecca, and O. G.
S. Fraternity.

Her favorite amusements are hunting,
fishing and horseback riding, and her favor-
ite study is Surgery.

She expects to take an interneship in the
Woman's Hospital of Philadelphia, a year
at Cincinnati Eclectic, to specialize in Oph-
thalmology, and to practice somewhere in
the United States.

With ambition and courage they entered college,
Steady in purpose for medical knowledge.
From Russia and China, and the isles of the sea,
From the East and West of our own country,
Strange and awkward and ill at ease.
But they worked very hard and tried to please.
Four years they took their notes together.
Four years they frowned at Phila's weather,
But at clinics and lectures you found them all
From Barton's door to old Blockley's wall.
A record they made that is earned by few.
For they did the best that they could do.
Now out in the wide, wide world they go
From the Tropic's heat to the Arctic's snow.
What will they do? What do I hear?
A voice in the distance, loud and clear —
"Success will crown their efiforts all,
If their purpose be true and honest their call."
But what is Success — not paltry pelf —
'Tis working for others and forgetting self.
This will they do and then will they share
A place that is worthy — a name that is fair.

M. R. L.,

'II

The History of 1911

IIJC twenty-sixth day of September, 1907, was
auspicious in the history of the Woman's Medical
College of Pennsylvania, for into its catalogue was
born the Class of 191 1.

We arrived, crude, undeveloped, unsophis-
ticated, and innoxious, verily base metal ''in
the rough"; but, knowing our resources, boldly
assailed tfie College curriculum and with cheer-
ful confidence firmly set our faces towards that
which our College course had in store for us.

Our resources? Countries and states, far and near, had sent us,
without stint or measure, of their best, — in the raw state, it is true, but
teeming with large, latent possibilities. Let us see upon what we had
to count : Chinese dignity blended with Spanish modesty ; German ambi-
tion sustained and steadied by Pennsylvania Dutch ability. Reserve in
abundance came to us from Russia, while from Farmington, Maine, came
jaunty vivacity to keep us all merry at heart. Ohio's quota was Decision,
while Tennessee's was Love. Nova Scotia saw the need of Thrift and
Newfoundland Humility, so sent their portions. Industry came from
Chambersburg ; Energy from Williamsport ; Perseverance from Ligonier ;
Diligence from Centre Moreland, which, added to Self-reliance from
Mahanoy City, made a noble list from Pennsylvania. The Capital of our
Country sent Grace to temper the whole, whereas Amiability came from
Arkansas and Sincerity all the way across the continent from Washing-
ton State, to make us true to our calling. Nor must we omit one of our
most consistent, yet unobtrusive virtues wliich came to us from New
Jersey — Constancy. Philadeli)hia? From this city of "Brotherly Love"
we have obtained some of our strongest virtues — Gratz Street Kindliness
and South Broad Street Gentleness make us indeed, a pleasant pair.
There's Piety from Thirty-fourth Street and an enormous supply of
Faithfulness from Christian Street. While Wallace Street, with loving
zeal, wedges us around with a continuous supply of Prudence. A gen-
erous share of our cleverness came from Germantown, but unfortunately

we have lost it en transit through our strenuous college career — a sacri-
fice to scientific endeavor.

[Recently we acquired Cheerfulness and Tact from New York;
Intrepidity from Poland; Courtesy from Baltimore; Innocence from
Porto Rico ; and Tranquillity from Buffalo.]

Finally, we come to Virginia's contribution. In her wisdom, she saw
that this wonderful character so carefully and wonderfully built up,
leaned too near to divine perfection, so sent one touch to make it human —
Egotism.

Having dutifully attended the dedication exercises of the New Hos-
pital, we listened to certain dire warnings, and hurriedly enrolled our-
selves on Dr. Noble's notebook, acquiring "Bones" as a boon companion.
Rumor has it that a certain elegant portion of us assumed kid gloves in
the pursuit of Osteology, and that another portion passed sleepless nights
listening to weird rattlings coming from the vicinity of "Bone" box No.
17. Rumor was never sustained, however, so we consign it to the depths
to which such mysteries belong.

Upon organization, Miss Elizabeth Clark was elected president,
Miss Groves, secretary, and Miss Love, vice-president and treasurer ; after
which a class pin was adopted as a birthright.

Pitying the homesick plight of the "babies," Dr. Helen Proctor
invited us out to her house to become acquainted with some of the instruc-
tors. Here we forgot our woes in delightful music and three kinds of
cake, but, subsequently, in infantile irresponsibility shirked the party call.

We have neglected to mention our natural enemies, the Sophomores,
who showed a noble spirit of magnanimity in refusing to assume even a
censorship towards our fresh and green performances. Instead, they
beautifully entertained us on Hallowe'en Night at a masquerade ball,
during the course of which, however, they gave us much needed advice
in a "spook" burlesque over a "witch-fire".

Dissection, the anticipated bugbear of Freshmen, the joy of Sopho-
mores and the horror of laymen, arrived in due course of events, and the
class in gloves and gasps sought the "Sky Parlor". History states that
only one nose went into retirement — ^truly a noble record when one con-
siders the fearful provocation ! We have neither time nor space to cite
the unending trials and hardships of that evil twenty weeks. Suffice it to
say, that we emerged finally a "sadder and wiser" class with deeply
rooted opinions of demonstrators, loving and otherwise.

Dissection, however, was child's play to the woes and miseries of
the Histological Art Department. Here we learned to cook, and under
Dr. Cushing's kind tutelage became experts in the art of baking. Later

the snares and delusions of slide identification awoke in us wild suicidal
tendencies which culminated on the day before Christmas vacation in
a written quiz, the like of which was never before nor since seen in the
record of that department !

The strength for renewed efforts gained during the holidays stood
for atoms in the rays of Dr. Leffmann's polarized light which he boldly
cast upon our enfeebled brain-cells. What wonder that the light passed
over us and saw us not ! What wonder that after perusing a stack of
painfully abstruse abstracts he gently said: "No use to rehash the sub-
ject!"

Incubation days of Embryolog^^ were fraught with absorbing interest
but overpowering mental decrepitude. After which, explanations were in
order from Miss IMusson as to why she did not give the entire class the
loo mark on their endeavor to adjust incompatibilities and coax iron and
tannin to overcome their uncongeniality.

As spring closing drew near, practical Anatomy Examination as-
sumed terrifying proportions, but upon the kindness of Dr. Noble in
misplacing her long-suffering note-book, the entire class was enabled to
go up for exams and, passing same, thereby established a hitherto un-
known precedent in the college, viz., credit for admission to the second
year class without the failure of a member.

CHAPTER II.

September 2;^, 1908, the class re-assembled as Sophomores, and very
shortly afterwards reorganized with Miss Lewis as president ; Miss Ells-
worth, secretary, and Miss Presson, vice-president and treasurer.

The most important work that confronted the class, in its new
aspect, was the subjugation of a bold, self-assertive and decidedly ver-
dant Freshman class. Our own superiority was firmly established in a
paper of goodly proportions, but modestly set forth, containing excellent
morals and the best advice, and posted conveniently for the edification
of the youngsters, guarded by two of our own bravest and most heroic
members. Later, a truce was called and we entertained the Freshmen at a
Hallowe'en masquerade party, a social event honored by customary usage
in the college. Here we presented a drama, written by Miss Groves, in
which the best histrionic talent in the class was displayed, each carrying
off high honors, the youth and agility of the '"hens" vying in attraction
with the "witch" and "cross bone" lanterns which insisted on taking
fire at improper intervals, thus distracting the Dean's attention at all
important climaxes.

The Ball out of the way, the class settled down to the one absorbing
science of the Sophomore year. Here we learned to obliterate all facial
expression of joy over a fellow sufiferer's mistakes, as well as to write,
at ten minutes length, under a daily interrogation point, a learned disser-
tation upon erudite material drawn from pedantic vacuums. Matter not
pertaining to the subject being counted against the writer, our ingenuity
was taxed to the utmost to bring the one hundredth word to a period with-
out deviating too noticeably from a wholly unintelligible and obscure
scientific theme. Frogs and turtles became our daily torture or delight,
according to our variously susceptible temperaments, while unresponsive
amphibian nerves and spent batteries tried the temper of the meekest.

The advent of the Bazaar brought with it a pleasant variation in
College work. To assist in furnishing the candy booth. Dr. Noble enter-
tained us handsomely at her country home where we spent the evening in
competitive candy-making. The most delicious work of the evening was
done jointly by Misses Weaver and Pippy to whom was awarded the
prize, a beautiful hand-painted bon-bon dish.

Christmas vacation brought a happy cessation of hostilities on the
part of intrepid quiz-masters — but not before we had given "Mattie"
and "Rosey" aiTecting farewells, presented in the form of papers of rather
doubtful scientific import. Mention must be made of the agonizing period
through which we passed before Hygiene Examination when the pos-
sibility of our Adelaide "flunking" seemed imminent. The natural
bravery of the class rallied loyally and heroically to the occasion and the
panic was stayed.

Another event of interest which occurred just prior to the holidays
was the first basket-ball game of the season in which the Sophomores
and Freshmen contested spiritedly for the pennant. The close scoring
brought forth enthusiastic "rooting" from the large number of hilarious
"fans" who turned out to cheer on the opponents. The resulting "tie"
gave promise of an opportunity to "fight it out" early in the coming
year.

After the holidays, the termination of chemistry was celebrated by
an entertainment given in honor of our instructors in that department.
Dr. Lefifmann entertained us delightfully during the evening by bringing
out for our benefit his choicest and most amusing stories.

The principal event of the second term occurred in March, when the
Freshmen challenged the Sophomores to a contest in identification of
histological slides. We sent up, as our champions. Misses Weaver,
Meine, Davis and Betts Clark, to contend with four especially chosen
experts from the Freshman class. The contest was hardly fought and

won, the prize being the right to hang the class pennant upon the walls
of the Histological Laboratory. Hilarious members of the two classes
gathered upon the "bridge" to await the returns. So close was the scoring
and so confident each side of winning, egged on by Dr. Cushing's panto-
mimes through the windows, that the walls were taxed to withstand the
expressions of satisfaction given forth by the friends of the combatants.
Proper expression of appreciation to our victorious champions was given
by the class in an impromptu banquet at Brinton Hall. The table
was decorated in green and yellow effects. Vases of jonquils and ferns
acting as bases for radiating strands of yellow ribbon connecting place
cards with histological slide glasses each of which contained a "limerick"
compiled by Miss Presson "hitting oflf" the pet vices of all present. The
President, Miss Lewis, acted as toastmistress and sustained the position
with her usual grace and tact. The toasts given by Misses Tsao, Ells-
worth and Love won heartiest applause, while the excellent conduct of
Miss Stewart as "waitress" and the complete "surprise" to the guests
made the occasion one long to be remembered.

The year was rapidly drawing to a close when a tragic event occurred
in anatomy lecture, so tragic that even "Von" was too completely crushed
to respond with her usual observant ministrations to the "first gentleman
in college." In other words, in his agitation not to omit one word of
Gray's Anatomy, Dr. Morris reached too hurriedly for his "pacifier."
There was a fearful grinding noise of splintering wood and the
anatomical cane appeared on the floor in two fragments. Words fail
to express the disastrous effect, anatomically speaking, on the lecture.

The advent of Easter vacation was hailed with enthusiasm, inasmuch
as it brought the happy termination of animosity on the part of the class
towards the Physiological "ice house." At the final meeting of the class
in physiology, Dr. Lathrop ."sprang an overwhelming but delightful sur-
prise by giving "honorable exemption" to Misses Ellsworth. Weaver,
Love, Davies, Meine, Presson, and Lewis, though several others later
found themselves "oflicially" exempt. Miss Ostrow was "honorably"
mentioned for having made the most progress in laboratory work during
the year, while Miss Weaver received the prize — "The Harvey Lectures"
— oflfered by Dr. Hall for the best record made under the "Daily
Question."

Dissecting days soon afterwards came to their odoriferous end ; the
pathological "phonograph" paused ; the oratorical "lightning express"
came to a full stop and we sighed despairingly as practical Anatomy Ex-
amination day drew near, "knowing" that even surviving that ordeal, we

could not escape our "Waterloo" on the day scheduled for our meeting
with Dr. Morris in the East Lecture Hall.

The closing of Sophomore year marked a period in our college
career. Our childish days were over, so we bade goodby to our primary
educational "stock in trade"* and turned our thoughts with much outward
enthusiasm, but inward trepidation, to the startling fact that only four
short months lay between us and "the wisdom of Juniors."

CHAPTER HI.

September 22, 1909, saw the happy reunion of the class as Juniors,
with the joyful realization that at last we might be looked upon as "upper
classmen"! Class elections soon took place: Miss Stewart was elected
president ; Miss Carolyn Clark, secretary, and Miss Ryan, vice-president
and treasurer.

The first flush of joy over our accession to a lofty station in life
vanished as suddenly as it had appeared when we found ourselves in the
presence of our superiors (or rather behind them) and realized that
henceforth we were to be designated only as "third row backers." No
kindly attention from Dr. Potter to know our views on the dose question
was sufficient to raise our depressed spirits, for we realized in whose
presence we sat, and the knowledge radiating from Seniors' backs
effectually restrained all spontaneity of irrational responses.

Attendance upon "Posts" was not fraught with unmixed enjoyment,
rather a sigh of relief was provoked when we were at last permitted to
dispose ourselves compactly about the Pathological Bureau of Informa-
tion. Much doubt lingers as to whether superabundant pathological
lore permeated our intelligence ; suffice to say, we accepted it in as com-
fortable positions as circumstances permitted, "Von" surpassing us all
by becoming addicted to the arm-chair habit.

Sections scheduled for German Hospital displayed the traditional
susceptibility for Dr. Page, disproving once and for all their "vanishing"
propensity for physical diagnosis.

Echoes from Maternity always resounded with exciting incidents.
Hear Helen or "Dee" tell of the momentous events taking place in the
Junior room; and Dorris of the excellent meals served ten squares away.
Even Love came in for her share of excitement when, in a momentary
departure from her customary practice of never sitting in the presence of
an opportunity to remain standing, she inadvertently seated herself, with
vim, upon the new baby's hot water bottle!

Christmas vacation brought the fulfillment of its usual promise of

*Viz., laboratory and dissecting room implements.

renewal of energies and revival of decrepit ambitions. After which we
sought the "Sky Parlor" to renew surgical acquaintance with Dr. Collins.
The miniature amphitheatre struggled to hold the surgical lore imbibed
by twenty-seven ambitious embryo surgeons. Here Helen learned, inci-
dentally, that in sewing up a wound, turning in the "raw" edges had better
be dispensed with, neatness being a negligible quantity, while Carolyn
obtained the useful information that the surgical "subjects" were inad-
visable for "gyn" demonstrations.

Later, however, there were real "gyn" subjects and never before
were such genuine signals of distress hung out as after these social hours
with Dr. Potter and Dr. Hillman. From the significant remarks heard
on all sides, it is safe to predict that Dr. Potter learned twenty-seven
new and startling methods of performing each of the seven "operations"
performed by the class.

The challenge of the Freshmen to a Histological slide contest was
accompanied by the rumor that our pennant, hanging upon the walls of
the Histological Laboratory, was in jeopardy. The natural spirit of the
class rallied to its support and we sent our quota of four, three of whom,
Betts, D, and "Skeeter," were former champions of the class, Brydon
being the addition. It came as a shock of surprise to hear the returns
giving us the victory ; a hardly won victory it is true, for we won only with
an exceedingly narrow margin. Dr. Cushing presented each member of
the winning team with a copy of "Pain," a translation from the German
by Karl M. Vogel, M.D., and Hans Zinsser, M.D.

It was about this time that two of our classmates, being literarily
inclined, presented the Students' Association with the idea of a college
paper, and brought out the initial number of The Esculapian. This
was eventually adopted by the Association and three of our members,
because of our near proximity to Seniordom, were placed on the staflF of
editors, viz., Misses Perez-Marchand, Meine, and Brydon.

Just prior to the annual grind for examinations a delightful treat was
given us consisting of a jolly train ride to Glcnolden, Pa., to visit the
Mulford Company's Vaccine Laboratories. After a thoroughly enjoyable
and instructive investigation of all the latest methods in the mechanics
of vaccine points, we returned happily to the city, laden with candy,
vaccine literature and wild violets.

CHAPTER IV.

Seniors ! At last !

The joy, the bliss of our first meeting as we grasped each others'
hands, in exhilaration of spirits, told of the culmination of three years'

patient endeavor. We were Seniors at last ! No words can describe the
exalted rapture that filled our hearts for the first few short days of our
last year in college — a sensation of happiness that can come only once
in a lifetime and that, under circumstances similar to ours.

But realization came in its turn ! Seniors, yes I But where was the
vaunted "knowledg^e" accredited to the genus Senior? Where the funda-
mental but scientific erudition upon which we were to build all our hopes
for future recognition ? Verily, we had it not, and whether we presented,
to our little world, a wise and scholastic mien, or whether a proud and
irreproachable demeanor, as erstwhile Seniors, the historian knoweth not.
However, realization had come and we hastened to become something
more than name only.

It was the portentous cloud of State Board that cast black shadows
over our giddy footsteps and sent us in gloomy procession to seek recrea-
tion at "Arty's" house. Here the fascination of watching the creeping,
but closely guarded, rocking chair and the diversion promoted by
"cracked pot" sounds, awoke in us a renewed joy in living that all the
foreshadowing of State Boards could not entirely eradicate.

History was being made with exasperating slowness under the
auspices of Senior obstetricians at Maternity Hospital. All the pre-
ceding summer we had hurried in endless succession to take our FIVE
CASES. Only a few flashes of humor have descended to our record, to
these, however, we can give but passing mention owing to our limited
space. Who will not but enjoy "Dunny's" dilemma and her brave and
heroic solution ; even though it carried her defenselessly through an
attack upon a pair of brilliant illuminated swinging doors at midnight and
on past the curious gaze of many masculine eyes to the 'phone at the far
end ? Who will not applaud "Jimmy's conscientious guardianship over
two "unchaperoned" obstetricians wandering aimlessly about the evil
neighborhood of Second Street at two o'clock of a dark morning? Al-
though it required the unenthusiastic cooperation of "Dee" to the extent
of the relinquishment of a comfortable bed, yet were the wanderers
found (safely housed), and the rescuers returned with flying colors.

The overwhelming responsibility of taking histories, making blood-
counts, "visiting" real patients and following charts have been ours to the
extent of five hospital cases. It was pleasant to be addressed as "Doctor,"
but verily a fall attendeth pride, for the estimation of our worth would
not bring a high valuation when the cognomen was accompanied by such
appeals as "Oh, Doctor, please give me something to relieve this pain !"

The determination to bring out a Class Book was attended with many
harrowing and nerve-wrecking experiences due to the unprecedented

nature of such a movement. Miss Perez-Marchand, however, having
originated the idea, was made its most efficient editor-in-chief and Miss
Bash its business manager.

The presence of this history upon its pages is significant of its
success, yet it is but meet that the historian, in this place, give at least
one word of tribute to those whose names may be read under the title
of "The Staff", the perpetrators of this volume. To them we extend our
loving but inadequate thanks for their successful endeavor to raise our
class into an honorable position. If in the future this class never accom-
plishes aught of greatness, there is eternally the satisfaction of having
produced the Staff of The Scalpel of the Class of 191 1.

Before separating for the Christmas holidays, we took two snowy,
fascinating trips to the Municipal Hospital. Here the delightful hos-
pitality enhanced by voluminous "protectors" and the cheerful promptness
of the "little one" made the instruction in scarlet fever and diphtheria a
memorable occasion.

Soon after this event we saw the psychological close of Dermatology
and Orthopaedics, respectively — the happy termination of which resulted,
in the new year, in the conspicuous prominence of the college seal pin
upon a few courageous bosoms. Then the Dean extricated us from
among the Freshmen and introduced Dr. Moulton as our future source
of supply for Psychiatric infonnation, whereupon "Lovie" promptly fell
asleep. Later, Dr. Moulton complimented us upon our "close attention"
to his lectures and, as a reward of merit, invited us out to the Insane
Department of the Philadelphia Hospital, where he had arranged a series
of demonstrations for our instruction.

The opening of the new Clinical Amphitheatre marked an epoch in
our surgical and gynaecological studies. W'e are now enabled to see
more operations than formerly ; but the privilege had its drawbacks, how-
ever, when disinclination or sections conflicted, and the wide, expansive
tiers of seats gleamed vacantly to the disadvantage of the absentee.
Even a five minutes' tardiness on the part of the noted "eight" delinquents
revealed a deficit in our ranks and precipitated an untimely roll call.

The work of the year has gone on apace. Section work, whose intri-
cacies taxed our ingenuity to keep in order, has, nevertheless, given broad
and valuable lessons in practical work. Numerous evening seances over
dubious "Reports" have emphasized our ability to invariably miss the
main point in the "case," all chagrin, however, being at once removed by
the timely appearance of a sustaining cup of delicious coffee or cocoa.
We have even braved the evils of foregoing our morning rest in order
to tabulate temperature and inspect the victims of "gyn" ward class.

Once, we passed through a period during which we lost articles
of personal value with alarming rapidity. It culminated finally in a
reunion at the headquarters of "The Sherlock Holmes Club" where the
lost articles were safely recovered and returned to their injured owners
as a "surprise," while the Freshmen class "serenaded" in the street below.
The evening pased in a round of hilarity, ending in all the class "stunts,"
viz., the class "cough" (produced by Miss Love) ; the class "giggle"
(given by Miss Ostrow) ; the class "blush" (demonstrated by Miss Dun-
lap) ; and finally, the class "sneeze" (performed by Miss Presson). These
and many other incidents, happy and otherwise, have we lived through
to realize now, in the posted notice of final exams, that the termination of
our pleasant companionship is near at hand.

No group of people, striving together for the same goal, may do
so without gaining for itself, as a whole, a reputation of some sort,
honorable or otherwise. And we have not been remiss in this respect,
with an added misfortune, however, in that our reputation thus gained
has not been borne out in our integral parts. For instance, we have
had our somnolent few — notably Lolita and "Lovie," — who, comfortably
ensconsed beneath rear benches, have successfully evaded the flying shafts
of surgical scorn, in full view of the envious eyes of the unhappy recif>-
ients. There have been the interrogatory few, martyr-like, bent on
rescuing the non-studious from the derision of a too-conscientious quiz
master. The light-hearted and frivolous have their place among us, as
well as misdirected ambitions, long physiological reaction periods and the
systematic "cutter" (of quizzes and lectures). Thus it may be seen, that
in spite of a "reputation" honesty compels the historian to record the
sad fact that ours is not a model class. Indeed, our internal relations
have sometimes been the reverse of peaceable — far from it. Squabbles,
fights and heated arguments have time and again challenged our integrity.
Yet have we one boast, and proudly we proclaim it — our one honest
virtue — our unity. Throughout our years of trial and unrest we have
held together. Problems, to solve which have called forth at times bitter-
ness of spirit, have yet never been important enough to cause the with-
drawal of any one member from the rest. Of this we are proud and, as
we move on to the last scene in which we are to appear as a united whole,
we realize more and more the love we, as individuals, bear to our class.

The time has come when we must separate. Woman's Medical has
given us of her best ; each one of us has thrown out her measure of
influence for good or ill, as the case may be, upon her classmates for the
last time ; our kind instructors also have striven for the last time to prove
to us that our interests have always been theirs and not the contrary as

we so often felt in our hopelessness of attainment. All these forces that
we have received are now in our own hands. It is ours to gather up the
threads and finish the building of our true characters — ours, to make
them a credit to ourselves and a credit to our Alma Mater. There is
room for each one of us at the top of the "Ladder of Fame," and to reach
it is within the means of each — if we choose to make use of our assets.

As we look back over the past years of struggle, tears and final
triumph we realize not only the power and impetus for good that we have
gained through our fellowship with each other, but a truer zeal for nobler
ideals of life will ever come when we turn to the memory of these four
years of kindly affection and loving companionship that we have spent
with our own classmates.

M.\RY Evelyn Brydon,

Class Historian.

Prophetic Words for the Class of 1911

|ATHER TIME sat in his sanctum recording events of
the days, his ancient garb and snowy beard corre-
sponded with the numerous well filled volumes there,
hut the dauntless spirit and faith in his face, indicated
as strong an interest in entries to be made for future
years as had guided his pen in the past. One item of
this day had particularly interested him : Thirty-two
names he had added to the Alumnae of the Woman's
Medical College of Pennsylvania, it now numbered
over two thousand, and he pondered. The reverie was interrupted, how-
ever, by the appearance of a sprightly, lively elf who had been consigned
to earth four years, now come to Father Time to make report. "The
work to me assigned to guide the Class of 191 1 of W. M. C. through the
toils and labors of their arduous course, as you have just recorded, has
been duly accomplished ; and they in their last will and testament have
bequeathed through me the spirit of the class to their sister 1913. Good
Father Time, before upon this new work I engage grant me one request !
Let it be thy pleasure for me to see where these my charges are in thirty
years."

"A just reward for work so well performed, my child; granted
is thy wish. With eyes that see thirty years hence I now endow thee.
Depart to earth, but come again and tell me what develops, for I, Time,
a healer myself, am interested in these medics."

For days and days, on the face of the earth this persistent spirit
wandered, then at length returned and to the Sage of Time reports :

"Great work ! Good father, these eyes have served me well and
revealed most interesting results. On nearing earth I met throngs of
vessels of the air and observed many of great speed. These, I soon saw,
belonged largely to the medical profession, therefore I began to look for
my friends and was attracted to one aeroplane of peculiar grace and
beauty. The sole occupant was a woman much absorbed in thought,
thin and pale, evidently overworked. Unobserved, I took passage with
her and in a short time we alighted in Chicago and I followed the lady
to a building surrounded by numerous children, the bedlam of sounds

issuing forth indicated as many within. From the maimed, halt and
rachitic appearance of the children I decided it must be a doctor's office
and from the evident popularity of the doctor she must be a W. M. C.
woman, however, from her appearance evidently a stranger to me.
Then I read the plate on the door — Dr. Mary Sullivan. Pediatrician. In
abashment at my own stupidity at not recognizing our good friend of the
Cor Bovinum I departed.

"In the next square I met a magnificent machine exceeding time limit,
so seated myself beside the chauffeur for some excitement. A gentleman
and lady much engrossed with the use of technical terms were the other
occupants. We came to a large hospital and I learned the man was a very
great surgeon, the lady, his consultant in all grave cases, was his wife,
whose jovial, hajjpy face revealed none other than our former Dr. .\nne
CaflFrey.

"There was an accident in the air not far above, so I flew up to see
what was doing and found that Dr. Pippy, in flying down from Newfound-
land with her characteristic haste, had collided with Dr. Bash, the neu-
rologist of Kansas City, who was out for an afternoon 'airing.' Both
doctors were seriously injured, but they fell into good hands, for an
ambulance from St. Paul deposited them in the operating-room of Dr.
Adelaide Kllsworth, who operates on almost every individual she sees.
Her fame exceeds even that of the Mayos of her .student days, so I think
she is satisfied. .At any rate her days are full of plea.sure. for no
descending sun finds her otherwise engaged than with knives and sutures.

"The American Medical Association was in session in St. Louis, so I
attended several sessions and was very much gratified to see familiar
names on the program. Dr. Dorris M. Presson. Professor of Practice of
Medicine of W. M. C. in a most interesting manner discussed the relation
of Capillar}' Bronchitis to Ijroncho-pneumonia. Her mannerism is much
the same as that of her famous predecessor. Dr. Helen Stewart. Dean of
W. M. C. read extracts from her recent b(x>k on 'Women in Medicine.'
This was much applauded by the men who were present. Dr. Ryan, a
very successful general practitioner of Philadelphia, was presiding, and
introduced Dr. Perez-Marchand, of Buenos .\ires, .Argentine Republic.
It seems that the time of the latter is now occupied almost entirely in
giving to the world new books on medicine that are rich in tlie fruits
of her successes and experiences. Her snowy hair and feeble step had
quite altered her appearance. Frequent reference was made to Dr.
Maine's research work in the Cumming's laboratories of New Orleans.
She is making a record ecjual to that of Ehrlich. Dr. Moeller. Professor
of Physiology of Cornell University, was elected president of the Asso-

ciation for the ensuing year. I saw Dr. Carolyn Clark and Dr. Edith
Winn Welbourne leaving, so followed them out, for I knew any conversa-
tion I might overhear would be interesting. Dr. Clark's husband was
the retiring president of the Association. He is Professor of Chemistry
in the University of California, and they are co-editors of one of the best
medical journals now published. She does not look as old as most of
her class, because, being a blonde, she retains her youthful, vivacious
appearance, and Dr. Welbourne of Seattle certainly enjoys living with
the same old vigor, and takes just as much trouble to look pretty. Her
face shows no lines of worry or care, despite the large obstetrical practice
she has engaged in for years. Her private Pullman was so enticing that
I settled myself in a corner to enjoy a comfortable ride in the mountains.
They, I learned, were going to spend the next day at a neuro sanitarium
near Laramie, Wyoming. It certai'^ly was a charming spot enfolded in
the bosom of the mountains. The blue sky above — the white peaks in the
distance — the waterfalls in the valleys beneath made a setting most com-
plete for the little old lady who greeted us. Her furrowed brow and
silver locks, her happy smile and optimism quite transformed the Dr.
Jamison I used to know.

"I traveled on with Dr. Welbourne next day, then flew across to
China, where, of course, I expected to find Dr. Love, Dr. Tsao and Dr.
Brydon. But Dr. Brydon alone remains at the post. Her fortitude
would stand anything, and she is happy because she can have her own
original way in everything. Dr. Tsao, as chief lady at the Chinese
Embassy in Rome, occupies her time with matters of state — which
you may be sure she does with both grace and dignity. Dr. Love after
a few years here, married — not a missionary — not a minister or states-
man— not even a doctor, as one would have supposed, but a patent medi-
cine man. However, 'Lovey' makes their luxurious home in Southern
California a real philanthropic center.

"I went by steamer from Canton down to Melbourne, Australia, to
see Dr. Kress. The trip was really delightful — just like the good old
days when mortals wasted freely their time and substance in this way.
Dr. Kress has a beautiful Sanitarium here, but her work must be very
trying even though she has such success — she looks aged, and the beauty
and grace of her trim figure and elastic step are quite gone. Her new
treatment of tuberculosis has succeeded in wiping the white plague from
this continent.

"From here I went with a passing bird to Ludhiana, India. Dr.
Weaver's happy smile is still in evidence, despite the silver in her hair.
And the retention of her former placidity evinced the fact that the care
of a husband and six stalwart sons weighs not heavily upon her.

"In Odessa, Russia, 1 found Dr. Ostrow — happy as the day is long,
extending to all her friends a cordial welcome to that rapidly developing
republic. Her husband and daughter are also physicians, and they have a
splendid maternity hospital, where beautiful Ionic columns overlook
the waters of the Black Sea. Dr. Levandoski is a very successful
laryngologist in Moscow.

"I roamed around Europe awhile, thinking I might meet some
familiar globe-trotters, but while I heard of former visits made by my
charges to Vienna, Berlin, Paris and Edinburgh in the days when they
were still making preparations for the work to follow, none were there
now. On the contrary, students and doctors from these places were en
route for America for advance work. I joined a group who were bound
for New York, and as they stopped at Ellis Island to observe the new
method of immigrant investigation established there, I tarried also. In a
manner neither meek nor mild were Tiese poor creatures being examined,
no detail was omitted and officers as well as applicants tremblingly car-
ried out the instructions of the chief in charge — Dr. Gisela von Poswik.
Enforcement of the law to the letter was evidently her motto. The
papers in New York were giving glowing accounts of Dr. Lehnis, the
otologist of Boston. No longer can it be said of New Englanders, 'Ears
have they, but they hear not.'

"Before leaving New York it was my good fortune to attend one of
Dr. Mary J. McFall's famous dinner parties. Her friends are as
numerous as her patients, and on this particular occasion the quality of
the wines with which she was feasting them was only exceeded by that of
the wit and wisdom she dispensed.

"On coming through Pennsylvania I drew near Mahanoy City and
was curious indeed to see such crowds flocking to its borders. They were
all immense people — men and women of ponderous avoirdupois, with
faces expressing grim determination. As I joined the throng, we passed
on and on until we came to a large building. Here they were received
and carefully registered in a most systematic way. I tarried outside to
read the sign over the gate. It was 'Sanitarium for Anti-Obese Treat-
ment.' On the other side of the building people were issuing lank and
lean, with baggy trousers and dragging skirts. I wondered by what
magic are these apparently respectable people become so hideous and yet
so perfectly happy. A most hopeful, self-satisfied expression was on each
face, all because of the great success of Dr. Davies' anti-fat discovery.

"Near Philadelphia I was attracted to two suburban homes. In one
dwelt Dr. Garrett, retired. The beautiful garden, the vine-covered walls
and shady lawn, all attested to the fact that this dear lady was prepared

to spend a delightful old aj^e in an ideal spot. In the other Dr. Bailey,
cheerful and happy, attended to the comforts of her family, but left
practice to her husband and son.

"On my way into the city I was in a horrible railroad wreck. Many
were injured and there was much confusion, but the railroad surgeon in
charge managed all with such dexterity that my admiration prompted
me to seek an interview, so posing as an injured one myself I was placed
under the care of Dr. Dunlap. We became pretty well acquainted and I
found she had lost none of her old propensity for news gathering. She
had recently visited Dr. Villafane in Porto Rico, who delights to enter-
tain her American friends in her pretty southern villa, but whose hus-
band has charge of the practice. Dr. Dunlap also told me of the splendid
work in ophthalmology Dr. Smith is doing in Harrisburg. In Baltimore
she said one of the leading gynecologists is Dr. Agnes Hockaday, who
holds a professorship in the Johns Hopkins University.

"Having met Dr. Ryan, Dr. Presson and Dr. Stewart in St. Louis I
did not hunt them up now, but did visit the college. Its superb new build-
ings extend to Ridge Avenue and the large number of students was a
surprise to me. But nothing appeals to people like success and the
achievements of the daughters of the W. M. C. are no doubt responsible
for the increasing number now being enrolled. The inspiration of work-
ing with women who have had both successful and large experience is
much needed by the embryo doctor, and here methinks it will be found in
the future as it has been in the past."

Mary Ruth Lewis, 191 i.

';i

Will of the Class of 1911

DORRIS M. PRESSON

To all whom it may concern, Be it known that we, the Class of 191 1,
of the Woinaii's Medical College of Pennsylvania, in the county of
Philadelphia, and State of Pennsylvania, of lawful age and of sound and
perfect mind and memory, do make, publish and declare this our last
will and testament and herein dispose of all our worldly estate in manner
following, to wit : —

First. — We direct our executor herein named to pay all our just
debts, unpaid laboratory fees and student association dues as soon as
may be after our departure from this college.

Second. — We give and bequeath to the Freshman Class three happy
college years, no more and no less, years filled with hard but pleasant
work, and all that has helped us to appreciate and love our Alma Mater.

Third. — We bequeath to our Sister Class, the Sophomores, our col-
lege spirit and class good will, our love and esteem, and the key to what-
ever success it has been our good fortune to enjoy.

Fourth. — We give and devise to the Class of 1912 all front seats in
lecture rooms, amphitheatres and in all places in which the Class of 191 1
has occupied front seats during the past year. This includes the
occupation of said seats not only during lecture hours and clinics but also
during quiz hours.

Fifth. — We give and bequeath to the Class of 1912 the space and
comfort afforded by the cars of the Rapid Transit Company to the Class
of 191 1. Said space and comfort to be enjoyed during their trips to
Dr. Stevens' quizzes, clinics, Blockley ward classes and while visiting
obstetrical cases.

Sixth. — We give and devise to our successors, the Class of 1912,
the right to use the following articles : the manikin, Nicodemus. Bumni's
text-book, contracted pelves, and all preserved specimens used in helping
191 1 to master the subject of obstetrics.

Seventh. — We give and devise to the Class of 1912 the Senior
room at Maternity with all its furnishings, luxuries and comforts. Said
room to be cared for and treasured as a refuge during many long days
and as a haven to which the members of the Class of 1912 will gladly turn
their hearts and faces some cold, bleak morning after a night "on a case."
Also the "Students' Laboratory" with all its ample supplies and well
kept interior.

Eighth. — We give and bequeath to the Class of 1912 the pleasures
of all clerical work participated in by the Class of 191 1. Said clerical
work including the report "in detail" of all cases assigned in the adjoin-
ing College Hospital, ward rounds and all cases registered at the College
Hospital Maternity, attended and visited by members of the Senior Class.

Ninth. — The Class of 191 1 gives, bequeaths and devises to the Class
of 1912 and their successors all their energy exhibited in arriving
promptly at lectures, quizzes, clinics and ward classes; their unparal-
leled brilliancy manifest at all quizzes and in all written examinations;
their extraordinary cleverness in managing clinics and all cases assigned
to them.

Tenth. — We give and devise to the underclasses all space in the
library, corridors, lecture-rooms, laboratories and locker rooms in which
we have been wont to deposit our anatomies between lectures and some-
times during lectures. This space to be filled at all proper times and with
befitting dignity by our successors.

Eleventh. — We give and devise to all our successors who may inhabit
Thompson Street houses, the diversions and social activities participated
in by those Seniors now residing on aforesaid street. Also the hours
spent in study and worry by the past Senior inhabitants of Thompson
Street.

Tzvelfth. — Lastly, we bequeath to our Alma Mater our thanks for
guiding us safely through these four happy years ; to our professors
and instructors for their patience and untiring efforts in teaching us
the arts and ways of healing ; to all hospitals which have afforded
us clinical material ; and to everyone who has helped to cheer our way
during the trials and hard tasks accompanying our career here at the
W. M. C.

We name Alfred Congo to be sole executor of this our last will and
testament, hereby revoking all former wills by us made, and we direct
no bond shall be required of him.

In Testimony Whereof, we hereunto set our hands at said City
of Philadelphia, and declare this to be our last Will and Testament, this
fourteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord one thousand nine
hundred and eleven.

CLASS OF 191 1

Signed, sealed, published and declared by the above-named Qass of
191 1 as and for their last Will and Testament in the presence of us who,
at their request, in their presence and in the presence of one another,
hereto subscribe our names as Witnesses thereto on this fourteenth day
of April, A. D. 191 1.

Alma Read, President of 1Q12.

Augusta Sassen, President of 1913.

LoRA DvER, President of 1914.

o
. U

Q .

o id

Cj i

1 **

^ -

Class of 1912

W. M. C. of Pa.
Scptenibt-T 23, 1908.
Dear Milkman —

Please leave me a quart of milk every
day that I'm in school. I'm studying
medicine and mama thinks I need it.
Lovingly yours, Class Baby (Hughes).

There, little girlie, don't cry ;
They've taken your money, 'tis said.

On the sky parlor Hoor

Lies the ring that you wore.
Be careful you don't lose your head.

(Pinero.)

Schecty was a little mill ;

Schccty loved to grind ;
Schecty swallowed books till she'd

Dyspepsia of the mind. (Schectman.)

There was a young lady named Bigler,
Who in passing exams was a wriggler.

She is known by her "Wells,"

And she studies by spells:
She is also an infamous gigghr.

Hibblety, hobblety, all in red,

"May I call to-night?" is what HI-! said.
Leading the dance with grace j-o rare.
Pray how next will voj comb vo'.ir
hair'

Well! well! well! that's (Wells)! ! !

Sweetie had a tonic.

And it was very rare.
And everywhere that Sweetie went

She took it in her hair. (Sweet.)

Mrs. Radom goes on from day to day,
Plodding along in her quiet way.

Benny's clothes are ever neat ;

She always has a "shine."
We sometimes call her Rcddy (ready),

Though she never is on time.

(Coyle.)

H this is the kind of flower

That blooms in the western wood.

Just send us a few more samples,
For we've all pronounced it good.
(Morris.)

I go, 1 go, see how I go.
Swift as an arrow from the archer's
bow — "to the movies." (Iilliott.)

The green reeds, when the wind-storms
break.

Bow low before the blast.
But our "Read" has never bent,

Nor will she till the last.

Little "Miss Horner" sat in a corner,
Fiddling with cell, frog and drum ;

She tried the galvanic

For contractions tetanic,
B;it still no responses would come.

I come to school my notes to take ;

I miss a sentence never.
For Profs may come and Profs may go

But I write on forever. (Conover.)

Prominciit characteristics :

Her winning way with her teachers,
Htr unruffled dignity.
I he fathomless d:pths of her knowl-
edge.
The jiride of her life — her Dixie.

(Mims.)

Miss Bullock, when you leave us

Be sure to bear in mind
That your practice test will prosper

If you leave your frown behind.

The light that never failed — in the class-
room. (Heath.)

Frances loves the little "Krowles,"

The kind that is n(^t green :
Mary loves the spacious "Heath"

That nestles down between.

(Knowles.)

Carl Marx forever!
Long live Carl Marx!

(Margolin.)

She loves her gym and basket-ball.

She is joe ind and jokey;
Sbf always knows what's going on,

She's anything but Pokey. (Polk.)

Little decorations,

Snubs and smiles so quaint,
Makes our little Mettie
Look like what she ain't. (Metcalf.)

Notice ! Practical Instruction in how
to Obtain and Maintain a Sunny Dis-
position. For further particulars apply
to — Miss Milligan.

Elizabeth Morse with never a care.
Struts around with professional air;
She's yet, withal, a bonny lass.
Rather a favorite with her class.

That classmate of ours called "Hugh,"
Who always had so much to do.

That no time could she find

To culture her mind,
So of classes she cut quite a few.

(Huse.)

Youth's sweetness yet;
No sigh nor fret;
All tasks well met ;
Who?— Miss Burnett.

Our young Mrs. Bolcom's come out of

the West,
Through all the wide border her school

was the best.
Such practical methods were used there,

they say.
That it's quite beyond her to get used to

our way.

A question and then a silence,

And lo from the right front row.
Comes a burst of a book-worm's
knowledge.
In a steady, uncheckable flow.

(Schwatt.)

Her hair and heart are light as day,

Her brain is like a ton;
You never know that she's around

Till lo! her work is done.

(Dayton.)

And now we come to dear Miss Blair
Who has such a confidential air.
But always is on kindness bent
And never has hostile intent.

It is a ship I sing about,

That sails not on the sea ;
Nor does it sail among the clouds,

But on the land 'twould be.
Its cargo in a bag of green

It carries to and fro.
And all the news it bears is just

The thing you'd like to know.
Its speed is good and when in port

Its valves are loosed for steam.
Knowledge, wit and slang pour forth

In many a fitful stream. (Manship.)

Know her? yes indeed, she's clever.
Yes — she's good at recitations, but
When it comes to getting out of them

Oh my! (Whiteside.)

lOZ

President — Augusta A. Sassen Secretary — Edith T. Morehouse Treasurer — Florence Gottshall

Scraps from a Physiology Note-book

Matter Not Pertaining to the Question Has Been Omitted

On entrance to W. M. C, 1913 showed a very short latent period
before the accommodation and co-ordination reflexes set in. After repeated
stimulation with quizzes, lectures and laboratory work, a slight contraction
of members was perceptible, from twenty-four to twenty. However, this
descending current bore no relation to the acuity of mental vision or the
luminosity of brain to be observed in the respective members of the class,
for records of abnormal capacity were obtained. These records show
rhythmic pulsations before quizzes. A maximal tetanic stimulation, con-
tinuously applied through the month of May, ended with a long fatigue
curve and a retracted period of relaxation. Under pressure of sophomore
work and responsibility, accelerator fibers were stimulated and the velocity
of the search for knowledge was increased. Normal irritability was
observed on direct application of chemistry and hygiene examinations.
Following this was a short period of physiological rest (and Christmas
recuperation), for

"Too much stimulation
Without relaxation
Is poor conservation."

At present, phases of intensity in application to work occasionally
generate action currents, but de-mark-ation currents are carefully avoided.
Dissection causes a tonic activity of all scenters, and vague (us) stimu-
lations frequently inhibit sleep. After the complete collegiate cycle 1913
will demonstrate, if the experiment is successful, a nervous ending of
special sensation, the possession of an M.D. degree.

Through an Oil Immersion Lens

General Characteristics

Morphology. — A very motile form of aerobes ; belonging to the
sophomore class of higher bacteria. Commonly occurring in the form
of slightly curved rods, with a rounded end ; but not infrequently showing
a decidedly bell-shaped tendency ; at times even resembling the cocci
group.

Distribution. — At the present time most of these organisms are
cultivated in the laboratories of the Woman's Medical College. Having
been discovered and tested in various media by Drs. Leffmann, Morris,
Cushing, Tracy, Lathrop and Noble in the year 1910.

Habitat. — Russia, India, and eight of the states of this country,
viz., Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, Delaware, Louisiana, Cali-
fornia, Maine and Massachusetts.

They are more virulent in Pennsylvania, for out of the twenty
varieties of this class, nine have been isolated from that district.

Classification. —
Long slender rods Bell-shaped Bacillus. Cocci-resembling members
Morehouse bacillus Kipnis bacillus

Swalm " Gottshall

Baldwin " Shine "

Farr " ^^■ right

Francis " Sassen

McLatchy " Le Maistre

Thomson " Chandlef

Vital resistance.

Dr. Lathrop has made numerous experiments upon these organisms
and has evolved this hypothesis: — That if there is a sufficient medium of
air which has been properly cooled and purified by percolating through
not less than two open windows, these bacteria can resist a temperature
considerably below zero degrees Centigrade.

Nunan

coccus

Millikin

Cook

Selecter

Zabarkes

••

Stees

los

President — Laira Dver. / 'lie-I'i-esident — K. R. Drinker. Secretary — Ellen Hooker.

Treasurer — Regina Downey.

The Freshman ABC

A is for Alphabet which we will now go through,

And give the names of the Freshman Class, telling "Who is Who."

B stands for Boland, who has so many beaux ;

How she does her work so well "The dear only knows."

B again for Bauer, who sticks her little nose
Into every operation to which anybody goes.

B stands for Beale with her long Western drawl ;
In knowledge Socialistic she can beat one and all.

107

C stands for Coughlan whom we all thought so sedate,
But whose "Party Histologic" made a fine tale circulate.

C stands for Croasdale who teaches every night

And still passed in Histology — Good for her nerve and might! 1

D stands for Dyer — our President — oh, well, . . .
You really cannot always sometimes tell ! ! !

D stands for Drinker, whom from Bryn Mawr we hail ;
The way she knows anatomy makes all the rest turn pale.

D again for Downie with her "Opinions Rare:"

On Presidents and Treasurers, with her none can compare !

D gives us Dragonetti, with her soft Italian eyes ;

We're very much afraid some man will take her for a Prize.

The E's and F's we shall efface.
For in our class they find no place.

G stands for Giles, our Editor so bright.

Who justly sometimes speaks her mind because the girls won't write.

H stands for Hinkhouse, who caused the Dean to think;

Where she got the "House" was easy, but where did she get the "Hink"?

stands for Hooker, who is so very tall.
We sometimes calmly wonder how long she'd take to fall.

H stands for Mauser, who by candy stays too long ;

Yet let us all indulge her, for she gave us one class song.

t stands for Ingersoll. we love her jolly jests,
Although we boldly "hutted in to entertain her guests."

J stands for our Joyner, our Jolly Joker dear ;

We hated so to lose her, hut she's coming back next year.

K is for Kaukonen, with piles of hair so light;

She grinds so hard, that she forgets to go to bed at night.

io8

For L, M, N and O, P, Q and R wc luive no use;

So we will relegate them to some future Class in muse.

S great Smith commences, our Superintendent Members-
She may not be a "live wire," but she's a "living ember" !

S stands for Swan, our sweet-voiced, gentle one ;

When she led her "Merry Players" we all had lots of fun.

also stands for Slayton, whose eyes grow big and bigger ;
By time she's reached her Senior year they'll surely cut a figure.

S will still give Shoemaker — she is of "awl'' most quiet ;
Yet ever just the kind of thing one wants for steady diet.

S again for Sparks, our youngest ever Fresh ;

In spite of "Time" or "Season," "Sparklet" will effervesce.

T to Taylor brings us, our Canadian girl so sweet ;

At catching trains and getting there, you'll find her hard to beat.

The U's and V's to silence yield ;
Mayhap they'll grow in fresher field.

W is for Waidelich, who looks so free from guile.
But "Cutie" tells the tallest yarns without a single smile.

To X Y Z we add M.D.:

May each one wnn that "Good Degree."

TOO

110

Our College Life.

EDICAT. training affords comparatively
few of the pleasures associated with
the words college life.

We come to the medical school,
not in search for culture, refinement
and polish ; all that we must bring
with us when we enter. Our pur-
pose in coming here is the further development of
that gain together with the pursuit of all the
dift'erent studies and sacrificing tasks which prepare
us for the responsibilities of a physician.
Let us keep these bare facts in mind as we survey college life at
W. M. C.

It is the duty of the physician to minister to the most wonderful
of creations, the human life. The physician must be equipped to recog-
nize early all physical ailments ; to prescribe drugs ; to use the knife and
give advice. But it is of equal importance for him or her to be ever
ready with keen and loving understanding and unbounded sympathy.
She must also possess an inexhaustible amount of patience, strength,
perseverance, unselfishness, endurance, and resignation, for she will
learn the meaning of

"God and the doctor we alike adore,
Both on the brink of danger, not before ;
The danger past, both alike are requited :
God is forgot, and the doctor is slighted."

Thus it would seem that we must acquire more than scientific knowl-
edge and proficiency in its application during our college life. What
are its opportunities?

Our preparatory schools and colleges furnished us with academic
knowledge, their life and their pranks. On entering W. M. C. we
missed the latter, but ere long we learned to realise that the regime
of a medical school must necessarily be dififerent from that of other
schools, and moved zealously from class-room to laboratory, anxious
to gain whatever possible. Our college life offered splendid oppor-
tunities for the development of a good physician.

Ill

From the very hour of entrance we were confronted by condi-
tions not met with in other colleges. When entering the Dean's oflfice
for the purpose of registration, we took with us "/ wonder." But
the "/ wonder" had greatly increased in magnitude when we had our
matriculation card. We now wondered on the course of studies, with
its various phases; the books, the buildings, the dissecting room( !) —
and perhaps not least — "why don't they have dormitories?"

Do we recall our first search for rooms? Oh, what a moment, what
a terrible iiioiiie)!t, when, forgetful of ourselves, we allowed that excla-
mation to leave our lips, "Now that 1 am registered, where to lodge is the
next thing!" How promptly and wisely did Miss Bosworth direct us to
the Information Bureau, to Miss Neuberger's window ! There we
consulted a mottled note book where all the boarding houses of the
vicinity w'ere registered, and a heavy sigh of relief for the first time
escaped our breasts. The medical school was not as dreary as we had
imagined it, no. Wasn't Miss Neuberger's smile, her sweet tone of voice,
her friendly attitude, her prom-
ise that surely the letters from
home wotild be there next morn-
ing, all encouragement? When
she told us, "Now be sure to call
for your mail every day," did we
not feci our heart beating joyously ?
She told us slie had been the col-
lege clerk for years, and was it pos-
sible that the dreary atmosphere we
had imagined to prevail in a
medical school had not extin-
guished the bright smile in her
eyes ?

Then leaving the college building
and starting in our search for
rooms, did we carry a heavy suit
case in one hand and a huge hat
box in the other? It was trying to
go forth alone up stairs and down
stairs, inspecting third front, third
rear, sitting room, etc., listening to
the great advantage of each over
the former (according to the land-
lady's convenience), meanwhile ^,55 Xeiberger.

112

"sizing up" the landlady, and feeling sure she was doing likewise to us,
tiiough with far greater experience. Or were we among the fortunate
ones who had an upper classman as pilot and adviser? I feel sure the
result of that endeavor made us all say "my room" with satisfaction.

That first night we shall never forget : tired and we could not rest ;
sleepy and we could not sleep, because the scrutinizing landlady held
us in cross-examination until eleven o'clock. Once in a while she
referred to "her girls of the year before," to emphasize that others

"My Room."

had been "very good payers ; very considerate roomers ; very gen-
erous." That they had "used little gas; had always scrubbed the bath
tub after using it ; had used their own towels, covers, etc. ; had not
used too much hot water ; had never complained about the heater ; had
never cooked in the room; had not been bothered by the children,"
and numberless nevers, nots, and the like. And then, when the land-
lady left us, when at last we tried to sleep, that horrible dream of

skeletons and bones, and ghosts 1

The next morning we got up early and went to the college again.
The opening exercises were to be held that afternoon and we wanted
to see more of the college in the morning. We wandered around the

"Students' Parlor" and admired its cosiness. Alfred greeted us, saying
with a submissive tone of voice which at once impressed us with his faith-
fulness and his sense of duty: "How do you like the place by this time?
Oh, it is a dear old place which you will love as much as I do after you
have been here for some time. You see these benches here? you will see

The Students' Parlor.

the students and yourself, too, taking little naps over them between
classes. That door over there opens into the 'Students' Book Room,'
where the students buy their supplies. But don't you buy everything
new. Miss ; I always have second-hand aprons, slides, and slide-boxes
for sale. I am going to show you the fine bones I have for sale, too ; a
fine skeleton which you want to buy because it is the best help for Anatomy
and all the students need it."

How the memory of that day lingers with us! In the afternoon
we attended the opening exercises which gave us the pleasure of seeing
that able and inspiring body of men and women — our faculty and
teaching staff — for the first time. We had the opportunity of hearing
the gratifying results of students' endeavors; the accomplishments of
our graduates ; the reports of state board examinations ; the signifi-
cance of the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania to the world ;
tlic improvements, proposed and accomplished ; the prediction of the
amphitheater ; the request that the first and second year students should

114

Alfkeu Congo.

not attend clinics, and the solemn admonition with which the dear
young freshmen are committed to the older students' care ! While the
old students greeted old friends at the reception, w'e, as new students,
formed our "first impressions," so interesting- in later years.

There was no difficulty in learning the routine of classes. The
WORK and THE PREPARATION was the novelty. We had studied
geography, geometry, trigonometry, etc., but the ridges, prominences,
depressions, angles, planes, and surfaces in the BONE BOX had here-
tofore been unknown.

And the Osteology quizzes ! there students who had had the advan-
tages of a nurse's training were brilliant while the rest of us, in despair,
listened to them and wondered if it would ever be possible to learn things
so that a perfect picture of them were mentally formed and retained
forever. Oh, the efforts of Russians, Spaniards, Chinese and Germans to
make a recitation in our "horrible, hard English" !

And how could we describe the Anatomy lectures, late in the eve-
ning, when it seemed impossible to keep ears and eyes open in spite

of the eloquent and witty Dr. Morris? 'Jhe subject was, indeed,
too dry; the hour too late to keep awake; the seats — ? so hard and
so narrow that sometimes we had three victims of "feet gone to sleep"
at one time. The other phases of Anatomy were all productive of
good. Here we gained our firm foundation for work of the later
years. Not only our knowledge of Physiology, Surgery, Gynaecology,
Physical Diagnosis, etc., largely depended on Anatomy, but the training
of memory and per.severance and optimism were all important. Many,
no doubt, feel with us that Faith and Hope will ever be present after we
received our final mark in Anatomy.

But the monotony of the year was sometimes broken ; some chosen
ones have never forgotten their first Thanksgiving dinner in Phila-
delphia, when they caught the first glimpse of their career at W. M. C,
being guests at Dean Marshall's house.

Later on in that first year, we engaged in our own discussions of
rumors heard concerning the course in Physiology. We well remem-
bered how excited the boarders at the college lunch-room were on the
day when for the first time we were to appear for the first lecture
in Physiolog)'. Oh, that was a great day ! We were compelled to
believe that, in spite of chronological accuracy, "tradition does not report
it all so))ietiines." The frogs, moist chambers, electric currents, and
normal saline were reserved for a later day, and, oh, NORMAL
SALINE, how oft have we gazed at thee since ! I !

The laboratories, with their accurate methods, their microscopes,
etc., taught the significance of little things often unnoticed, yet such
powerful factors in ultimate results. Perhaps we realised the meaning
of research work ; what it has meant to the medical profession, and
what the profession hopes to gain thereby. We realised that frogs,
test tubes, electrical apparatus, infusions, pills, even eloquence and
oratory, each makes an important link of the whole.

To secure relaxation we learned to consult the bulletin board and,
indeed, the mental picture of it shall never fade away. On it we found
announcements, orders, notices, requests, invitations, posters, and even
advertisements. Can we forget that one advertising list of a set of
Pathological instruments which was offered at such a low price that
seven different instruments (each one with its individual price) when
counted together only amounted to 64 cents? Indeed, the advertisement
remained on the bulletin board for only a short time, so great w-as the
demand for second-hand goods.

Rut as time passed on we found greater attractions than the bul-
letin board. The Pathological department opened its post-mortem course
and, although we all admitted that it was a thousand times less agree-

116

ahlc than the (hsscctinsT room, still wc felt drawn to it by that tliirst
for scientific research which had taken root in our minds. It was there,
in the Pathological Laboratories, that our powers of observation and
investigation were alighted.

Did not Dr. Kelly fix it in our minds with words that shall echo
forever that "it is the duty and moral obligation of the physician to
diagnose malignant tumors early"? Did not Dr. Cummins teach us
that the most malignant of all sarcomas is the small round cell form?
Did he not pound into our heads that if we are not able to make the
microscopic diagnosis of such a tumor, we should consider our respon-
sibility and ask some one ivho knoii's hozv to examine the specimen?
And the histological knowledge that enabled us to understand patho-
logical changes, did we not gain it from Dr. Cushing's masterly descrip-
tions?

Have we not broadened our lives' prospects by Dean Marshall's
untiring efi^orts to uplift the great cause of women? Have we not
gained more than knowledge of the Practice of Medicine in the hours
spent with Dr. Henry? Are we not proud to learn Dr. Lefifmann's
experiences in so many advances of science? Could we forget our
essentials of Chemistry learned under Dr. Tracy's thorough training?
Could we ever disregard the bacterial origin of most diseases after
those happy meetings with Dr. Peckham, and shall we not hear her
brilliant dissertations on the theory of immunity a score of years hence ?
Will we not enforce Dr. Potter's "ncvcrs" wherever it falls to our lot
to deal with people's lives? Should we not make early diagnoses of
tuberculosis and recognize the threshold of a heart-murmur after our
conferences with Dr. Van Gasken? Has Dr. Deaver not taught us what
the interne should know ; -c^'hcii, i^'Jievc and Iwzv she should act and form
conclusions, and when to wait in "masterful inactivity" ? Were we
not inspired by the eloquent talks of Dr. Stevens who made rough
ways, smooth; difficult subjects, easy; uninteresting subjects, interest-
ing? Did not Dr. Everitt urge us to do our best in whatever post of
life we were placed? Did not Dr. Lathrop teach us to think accurately
and quickly, and increase our capacity for work? Having heard Dr.
Hartley's appealing warnings, shall wc not conquer the feminine impulses
of cowardice and realise the responsibility of setting a fractured bone?
Do we not take pride in saying that we have had under Dr. Tallant a
thorough Obstetrical training? Has Dr. Kraker not taught us how to
care for the life of both mother and baby?

And, as Alfred prophesied, have we not learned to love our pro-
fessors, our teaching staflf, our fellow students and all that is connected
with our college?

The advantages of the clinics were many. There we were brought
in contact with human ills and suflferings, and the mission of our life
took on a clear and definite form. Need we recall P.arton Dispensary,
with its varied crowd? There we obtained practical w'ork ; applied
bandages ; examined babies ; took histories, in all languages except our

own ; saw a new
l^hase of humanity,
])erhaps for the first
time. Things we
considered imjwssible
to be accomplished,
came to lose their
formidable appear-
ance. Similar were
the results of the dis-
])ensary work in the
College Hospital,
where, in addition,
we found m any
advantages in following up and studying cases in every department
and with a little imagination, could feel like a real M.D. Our ward
classes convinced us that all cases do not progress according to the
text-book; that we must be prepared for complications; that first
results are often unsatisfactory ; that perseverance and skill are required
to obtain success.

The experience in large clinics need only be mentioned. It is,
indeed, ])raiseworthy that our students have all the advantages the city
of Philadeli)hia can ofl'er. We saw many cases which we will never
meet with in private practice, but. were they not of benefit? They
made our studies more interesting and our outlook broader. We had
the opportunity of seeing the work of men of every type; could com-
pare results, and could jjut into jiractice that which they gained by
years of experience.

Our Maternity requires special attention. Was it not 335 Wash-
ington Avenue we looked forward to during our first years, and where
with keen anticipation we later took up our abode? We were shut off
from the world — from our it.'orld — but not from another, which was quite
as real, although as much novelty to us as tli^ South Pole might be.
After we settled in that new abode as comfortably as possible, we began
a life of expectancy; we were entrusted with responsibility, "just like
a real doctor'' for the first time; we were entrusted with human lives;
we had opportunitv to ])ut in practice the knowledge we had gained

118

during our course. Oh, how we sat down on our dusty, rickety chair in
that Senior room, which should have been called the Senior cell, to wait
for that first call ! It was. indeed, enough to feel the warmth of doubt
and hesitation internally without the addition of the coldness and dreari-
ness of that cell
externally. Per-
chance a feclin<^
of despondency
overtook us there
and then, but it
was wisdom to sec
things as we saw
them ; we were
o}ily students.

Let us come
back again to con-
sider the bright
side of life in the
"South Pole." W'e
found that the
little bag con-
tained lots, nearly
all we needed ; we
wondered how it
could hold so
much ; the cases were a success ; perhaps there was a case of twins or of
some abnormality. That we will never forget, no matter how many and

how varied our ob-
stetrical experience
may prove to be.
Finally, we had the
ten cases and then
decided that, aftet
all, the sojourn in the
slums was not so
bad, and that as long
as Dr. Tallant was
the chief, we should
always be able to
find a silver lining in
"Our First Cases." ^very cloud.

"The South Pole."

119

Perliaps we have felt during our college career that amusements
and social life have hecn lackinj^, hut let us consider what we have had.

Our gymnasium is equipped for ordinary gymnastic work, basket-
ball games, and tennis in which a few girls participate. Some form of
this recreation would be beneficial to all, as experience will tell us. We
have spent many pleasant hours witnessing the games and should encour-
age others to do so.

To the Young Women's Christian .Xssociation much credit is due
for the admirable manner in which they attend to our comfort and
pleasure. The lucky ones take up their abode in its "homy walls," but

On the Del.wv.'vkk.

wc all have had ample opportunity to enjoy its hospitality and its pleasant
social functions. The reception to I'^reshmen is a success and so are
the parties and teas, always enjoyable. May Brinton Hall continue in
its good purpose and reach the goal, which its worthy officers have
set for it !

One feature of life is the class-meeting. \\'e still can hear our
Class president with her New England accent, sii'cetly reminding us
of the fact that a CLASS MEETING is a MEETING and it CAN
NOT BE HELD UNLESS THERE IS A QUORUM. And, in
response, one of our Southern delegates getting up to "put in the form
of a motion," some original way of compelling the members of the class
to attend meetings.

Our social afifairs at the college, though few, are always justly
considered events of the year. The Annual Reception given in honor
of the Freshmen by the Sophomore Class is always a revelation of

120

originality and skill, each succeeding- class vying to nutdo the former.
The Annual liall given under the aus])iccs of the Students' Association
is always an event ; our gymnasium takes on a festive robe in spite of

"TlIK I Ik.\ iMKDIc" ( Kjl I ).

"tacklcss zvalls." The undergraduate Medical Association, the various
societies and fraternities, all offer their own pleasures. Besides all
these, we must consider the pleasant hours we have spent in each
other's company, watching chafing dishes and telling storfes, hours that
will always be remembered.

Minstrels (1912).

Masqueraders (191 1 ).

A George Washington Party.

122

An Outing (1912).

In Fairmount Park.

123

Furthermore we have had opportunities such as a large city only
can offer : theaters with their finest productions ; lectures on all sul>-
jects by noted men and women; museums and art galleries open to
us; Fairmount I 'ark with its world-renowned grounds. Surely there was
chance for social life and amusement if we cared to take it.

Just what the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania has meant
to us. wc may be more prepared to say a few years hence. W'e know
that it has given us what we desired. — a thorough medical training. It
has given us a broad outlook in our chosen profession, and instilled
into us energy and ambition to equal or surpass, if that be possible,
the achievements of former graduates of our Alma Mater. What it
will mean in the future depends largely on us: let us strive to maintain
and. if possible, even add to its well won reputation.

Bert.v Meine, 191 1.

On the Wis.-^auickon.

124

The Calendar from 1910 to 1911

September.
21. Opening exercises followed by reception in the gymnasium.

26. Freshmen are introduced to "le bandage, Desault and Valpeau."
28. Seniors board west-bound cars for Blockley and vicinity.

30. Freshmen entertained by the ''Basket Ball Crowd."

October.

I. Birthday and christening parties begin for the Juniors and Seniors
in the vicinity of Third and Washington Avenue, "Little Italy and
the Ghetto."

7. Proclamation to the Freshmen, posted by the "Sophs."

8. Young Women's Christian Association reception to the new students.
10. The first section of ""Freshies and Sophs" meet in the "Sky Parlor."
19. Reception in the Dean's office for "Clinical Pathology Delinquents

of 'II."

23. Seniors begin to lose weight in their mad rush for 8 A. M. ward-class.

24. Miss Tsao begins to record her surgical case — a man with a bruise on
the nose.

25. Freshman Appendices Party given by the Juniors.

27. Miss Jamison, giving the first ether, drops the cone three times.

29. Sophomores entertain the college at the annual Hallowe'en Party in
the gymnasium. Dr. Can Ashem and other clinicians hold memorable
and instructive clinics.

November.

5. '11 not only test their brains in the ways and methods of Clinical
Pathology Clinique, but likewise their flexors and extensors by pro-
gressive exercise in the Pathology laboratory.

8. Sophs begin to hold their afternoon teas from 3 to 6 P. M. in
Physiology laboratory.

18. A Southern Evening. Brinton Hall. "You all Southern people

do know how to entertain us white folks sho nufif."

19. It is discovered that Miss Lehnis is Dr. Lehnis.

21. A limited diet begins by the students in preparation for Thanksgiving

holidays.
29. Professors begin to lecture to "full" classes after the Thanksgiving

recess.

125

December.

10. 1913 cease their labors in chemical laboratory and celebrate by taking
that famous mid-year chemistry examination.

13. Disbursements of checks, $4.79, Laboratory of Pathology, '11.

14. "Wise" members from the Senior class report for Dermatology exam-

ination.

16. Christmas party in honor of Dr. Mary XoIjIc, Brinton llall.
21. The Sophs give a sigh of relief after their Hygiene examination.

21. "Wiser" Seniors relieve their minds by taking the Orthopedic exam-
ination.

21. All those who have not already departed, and those who do not live
at the South or North poles and West of the Rockies, enjoy a trip
home. The remaining few make appointments with Santa here in
Philly or at the homes of nearby friends.

January.

2. Reception by College Club of Philadelphia.

6. The Freshmen returns from their Histology examination are heard.
"Flunk and the rest flunk witli you, pass and you pass alone."

9. Miss Caft'rey returns at last from South Third Street and Washing-
ton Avenue. In spite of all her hard luck she wears a smile.

11. Senior sections are introduced to the "grab bag" at the Howard

Hospital.
14. Freshmen, Misses Smith and Ingersol, at home to Upper Classmen,
arc surprised and entertained by the "Lemon Dramatic Troupe."

17. Miss Cafifrey at last returns from Alaternity, having eight cases.

February.

3. Donation Day at Maternity.

4. Informal dance in the gymnasium.

10. W. M. C. students have the pleasure of attending the First Annual
Commencement of the Training School for Nurses of the Hospital
of the W^oman's Medical College.

18. Baby party. Brinton Hall.

20. The Freshmen begin the whys and wherefores of Embryology.
28. Annual reception and dance given by the Students' Association.

March.

13. Freshmen begin the "Fresh .-Xir Treatment" for mental dullness and

experience.
17. Sherlock Holmes Club entertains the Seniors.

126

April.

3. Seniors begin to tremble and quake at the mere thought of "Finals."
10. Freshies learn why "tannin and iron compounds form an inky mix-
ture."
13. A few days to buy Spring garments and to begin preparation for

examinations.
18. College re-opens — with extra quizzes and lectures poured upon us.
The "Wisest" Seniors take Neurology examination and emerge in
the first state of motor aphasia.

May.

3. Seniors are entertained at Brinton Hall.

4. Midnight oil begins to burn on Thompson Street and vicinity. Each

student to her room doth closely hover. The college buildings are de-
serted, save for a few who may stop to stare at vacant bulletin boards
for inspiration from clinics and quizzes long since held and alas —
forgotten.

5. Miss Presson cuts her first wisdom tooth.

6. Examinations begin. "To pass or not to pass." Wan, wasted but

hopeful objects appear — once known as Seniors. Their fate is meted

out and if Alfred has kept within the college precincts that day all

return happy and rejoice together.
23. Senior picnic at Valley Forge.

31. Commencement exercises in the Academy of Music.
31. Reception to Senior Class by the Board of Corporators.

The new M.D.'s assemble and procure their diplomas from the

Dean's office. Precious parchments.

June.
I. Annual meeting of Alumnae Association.

127

Hail, Alma Mater!

Words by D. P. ^^.. I'^it. Tune: "Boating Song."

Alma Mater, our hearts

Joined in love sing thy praise;
W. M. C. dear,

Echo the song \vc raise.

Rf.fraix.

Hail. Alma Mater.

Hail thy colors Red and Gray !
W^ave, wave forever

Our banner Red and Gray !

Nortli and South. East and \\'est.

Every soil, every sky,
Greets thy loyal daughters.

Rings thy fame on high.

Refrain.

Ever green, on thy brow

Shall the laurel entwine ;
To thy foot clings our love

Wound in memory's vine.

Refrain.

128

(Ulubs

OPrgatttiattnna

1911

129

Alumnae Association

Officers

President, Eleanor C. Jones.

Vice-Presidents, Ellen C. Potter, Laura H. Satterthwaite.

Recording Secretary, Jacobina S. Reddie.

Corresponding Secretary, Mary Buchanan.

Treasurer, Fixjrence H. Richards.

Directors,
Kate W. Baldwin, Elizabeth L. Peck, Margaret F. Butler.

History of the Alumnae Association of the Woman's Medical
College of Pennsylvania

In March, 1875, just twenty-five years after the College was incor-
porated, Dr. EmeHne H. Cleveland and Dr. Mary J. Scarlett-Dixon
called together the graduates of the Woman's Medical College of Penn-
sylvania in the old Horticultural Hall, Philadelphia, and an alumnae
association was formed, the object of which was "the advancement of
the interests of the College and the mutual benefit of its members."

The Association started with a membership of thirty-two and the
first annual meeting was held on March 17, 1876. At this meeting a
contribution of fifty dollars ($50.00) was made towards a proposed Phar-
maceutical Exhibit for the Women's Pavilion at the Centennial
Exhibition.

From 1876 until i8go the Association met on the day following the
annual commencement for one day only, but in the latter year it was
found necessary to extend the time to two days, as at present.

At these sessions scientific papers are read and discussed by members
and medical guests. The social features are the luncheons served at the
College on the days of the meeting, and the banquet on the evening of
the first day, which is generally held at one of the leading hotels.

131

The surplus for each year is equally divided between the library
fund and an educational fund. The Committee on Library Fund has
contributed over one thousand dollars ($i,cxx).oo) for books for the
College Library, and the Educational Fund Committee has loaned money
to many needy students. Several members of the Association have at
different times offered prizes to the students. The Association has also
contributed liberally towards the students' bed in the Woman's Hospital.

A fellowship of five hundred dollars ($500.00) for European study
was maintained for several years past by voluntary subscriptions of the
members, to which graduates of the College of more than five years and
less than ten years standing are eligible.

The Association has placed in the College the portraits of Drs.
Emeline H. Cleveland. Rachel L. Bodley and Anne Preston, former pro-
fessors, and memorial tablets to Prof. Emily White. ^LD., Dr. Mary
Putnam-Jacobi, and Dr. Susan P. Stackhouse.

The Association now numbers" three hundred and nine (309) active
and six (6) associate members. It has representatives in nearly all the
states of the Union as well as in Europe, China, India and the Philippines.

Following is a list of the presidents of the organization :

1875 *Emcliiie II. Cleveland, Al.D. 1895 Elizabeth C. Keller, M.D.

1879 Elizabeth C. Keller, M.D. 1897 Anna M. Galbraith, M.D.

1884 Hannah T. Croasdale, M.D. 1899 Lilian Welsh, M.D.

1886 Clara Marshall, M.D. 1900 Elizabeth L. Peck, M.D.

1888 *Mary Putnam-Jacohi, M.D^ 1901 Calista V. Luther, ^LD.

1891 Elizabeth R. Bundy, M.D. 1903 Caroline M. Purnell, M.D.

1893 Mary E. Allen, M.D. 1906 Clara T. Derciim, M.D.

1894 *Mary Putnam-Jacobi, M.D. 1908 Margaret F. Butler, M.D.

1910 Eleanor C. Jones, M.D.
♦Deceased.

1^2

The Students'
Association

Prcsidoit

]\Iakv R. Lewis

Vice-President

DoRRis ]M. Presson

Secretary

Anna E. Conover

Treasurer

INIargaret E. Farr

"Some are born great"

And notable among these is the Students' Association of the Woman's
MecHcal College of Pennsylvania. This organization burst the bonds of
its embryonal life, and emerged a struggling, noisy, healthful infant of
precocious powers, to uphold the name, and vex the spirit of its Alma
Mater. Internal economy played but a small part in its struggle for
existence ; hence, in order to fulfil its ideals of life, it set about fashioning
external relations that should conform to its ambitions. With plastic
touch, it reached forth to mold to its grasp the management of all i)odies,
legal, medical, municipal, having jurisdistion over women medical
students. The environment resisted : — nay, more, encroached, even
pressed heavily on the budding genius of the Association. The Associa-
tion reacted, and a series of kicks ensued. These were forcibly repelled
by an anxious nurse in the person of the Board of Corporators, and the
training of the infant was then and there begun. Repulsion of its at-
tempts at college and hospital management stimulated other activities
and the Association gradually assumed its present place as a represen-
tative student body. Its aim is to promote sociability among the students,
to advance the best interests of the College, and to enlarge the field for
women in medicine.

^33

Sociability was fostered by an annual reception, which in the early
years took the form uf a welcome to the incoming class. In the school
year of 1906-07, however, a change was made, a dance given in mid-
winter taking the place of the reception.

The social status of students in the various classes was formally de-
termined in 1892, the Senior class taking precedence and occupying front
seats in clinics and lectures ; the other classes were assigned in descending
order to the back seats. Therefore, Freshmen, beware ! Rules of order
and conduct were laid down for students attending outside clinics. These
are now obsolete, however, applying to conditions in the early nineties
when other hospitals were opened grudgingly to women. The behavior
at such lectures was to be exemplary (such a rule still obtains) ; all were
admonished to be sure to wear the college colors, to afford "Some distinc-
tion between our students and other women whose conduct it was un-
desirable" to attribute to students from our college.

Conditions of student life were improved through the efforts of the
Library Committee and the Hospital Ced Committee. The former,
through the co-operation of the faculty, especially of Dr. Peckham,
arranged that the library should be open all day and that students
might have free access to all the literature at any time. The Hospital Bed
Committee has raised about $2,000 which has been paid to the Woman's
Hospital toward an endowed bed, entitling students at the present time
*to the free use of a bed for six months of the year.

The betterment of college hygiene came early under consideration.
There was no ice for drinking water, so the Association arranged to
furnish not only ice but coolers. This was done through a committee
and subscriptions for several years ; now the college attends to the mat-
ter. The ventilation and light was for a time unsatisfactory; several
methods of equalizing heat gain and loss, with a constant supply of
oxygen, were tried, till the present heating and lighting arrangements
were installed by the College.

The College colors, dove gray and red. were chosen by the Associa-
tion and approved by the faculty in 1893. Pins w-ere next in order, and
were made in 1894. being designed both as brooch and stick pins. A
College book, "Daughters of ^sculapius," containing pictures and stories
of student life, was later published. This was quite popular, for in
addition to paying expenses its sale realized a sum of money which was
turned over to the Hospital.

The desire on the part of a few students to see our College on the
same literary plane as other colleges, resulted, in the latter part of the

134

session of igcxj-iqio in a harmless but exceedingly hazardous attempt at
a College paper.

Its success was directly apparent in its adoption on March i6, 1910,
by the Students' Association as its official organ, under the name of The
Esculapiciii. The following students were elected to serve on the first
staff: Editor-in-Chief, M. Evelyn Brydon; Business Manager, Berta M.
Meine; Assistant Business Manager, Ethel M. Polk. Literary Editors:
Senior, Dolores Perez-Marchand ; Junior, Alma Read ; Sophoinore, Alice
H. Cook; Freshman, Eileen I. Giles.

The Escnlapian is now just one year old. Too feeble to make
much noise in the world, yet it has traveled around the globe ; too imma-
ture to merit attention, yet it is welcomed, with kindly words of praise,
by many members of our Alumnae Association — women honored in the
profession.

What is its future?

The future only can tell. If by its continued presence in our College
it stimulates and incites college spirit among the students ; friendly rela-
tions between instructors and student body ; and, above all, if, by encour-
aging the undergraduates to write, it assists in the development of but
one embryo medical authoress a year. The Escnlapian deserves and will
progressively maintain its position in spite of "all the ills" a magazine "is
heir to."

The militant spirit of the Association has not confined its eflforts
to our own school. Many hospitals have opened their doors to our gradu-
ates as internes through the indefatigable work of the Committee on
Hospital Appointments. Some boards are still obdurate, objecting to
women as such, because they have not yet learned better. A trustee of
one hospital expressed himself as having "no use for long-haired men,
or short-haired women." His objection surely does not hold now, for
all in his category have disappeared from our College halls.

Of the remainder of their exploits, much might be written. But this
is unnecessary, for are not the monuments to their endeavors always
with us? Far better now than retrospection is a resolve to turn the face
forward to the task ahead, looking toward the day when not only a
few, but all of our students shall make the most of the social, educational
and professional advantages offered by our Alma Mater.

135

c
z

The Undergraduate Medical Society

Officers

President, Adelaide Ellsworth, 'ii.
Vice-President, Amy A. Metcalf, '12.
Secretary, Lelia McLatchy, '13.
Treasurer, Mary S. Smith, '14.

At a meeting held on December 16, 1910, the Undergraduate Med-
ical Society elected the above named officers for the ensuing year.

The interest and enthusiasm displayed at this meeting augurs well
for the future success of the Society. A series of monthly lectures will
be given throughout the year by members of the medical profession on
subjects purely technical or on those intended to develop a broader cul-
ture along medical lines. The opening lecture was given by Professor
Henry Lefifmann on "The Doctor in Fiction," and it proved a rare treat
to the Society and members of the alumnae present.

The Society extends the hand of fellowship to all members of the
student body and aims to lay a foundation for that unanimity and friend-
ship which is essential to the dignity and usefulness of the profession.

137

Y. W. C. A.

Officers

Ha I TIE Frank I^ve,

President

ExHtL M. Polk,

Vice-President

Carolyn A. Clark,

Recording Secretary

Grace Huse,
Corresponding Secretary

F.DNA B. Dayton.

Treasurer

Mrs. EIditu Welbourne,
Librarian

Chairman of Committees

Makv R. Lewis, Membership.

Edna B. Dayton, Finance.

Alice Cook, Missionary.

Augusta Sassen, House.

Clementine Bash, Devotional.

Olive Pippy, Intercollegiate.

Mrs. Frances Manship. Bible Study.

Helen Le Maistre, Social.

Anna Elliott, Hospital Prayer Meetings.

Advisory Committee of Y. W. C. A.

President — Mrs. J. R. MirxiGAX, St. Georges, Delaware.

Secretary — Dr. Martha Tracy, 5138 Wayne Avenue, Germantown.

Treasurer — Dr. Ellen C. Potter, 5138 Wayne Avenue, Germantown.

Dr. Ella B. Everitt, 1807 Spruce Street, Philadelphia.

Mrs. J. B. Howell, 108 N. soth Street, Philadelphia.

Mrs. George R. Camp, 513 S. 4Sth Street, Philadelphia.

Miss Mary E. Billis. 1604 Spruce Street, Philadelphia

Miss Elizadeth .\. Scott, 5951 Overhrook .\venue, Philadelphia.

Mrs. I. H. Hasi.am. 1513 N. 19th Street. Philadelphia.

138

MOTTO : "Not by might, nor by power, but by my spirit, saith the Lord of Hosts."

The organized work of the Young Women's Christian Association
is conducted by the following" committees :

1. Membership, whose aim is to enroll every student as a member
of the Association, the alumnae as life members, and friends as hon-
orary and sustaining members ; and to sustain and promote interest in all
phases of Association work.

2. Bible Study, whose aim is to organize classes for systematic study
of the Bible and courses of Bible lectures, and to encourage daily personal
devotion.

3. Devotional, whose aim is to deepen the spiritual life of the stu-
dents by means of regular weekly prayer meetings led by ministers of
the city and other religious speakers.

4. Missionary, whose aim is to bring the students to realize their
responsibilities in the evangelization of the world, by means of mission
study classes, public missionary meetings, and soliciting contributions for
an annual scholarship in the Ludhiana Medical College for Women in
India.

5. Social, whose aim is to promote friendly social relations in the
student body by means of teas, parties, and receptions.

6. Hospital Prayer Meetings, whose aim is to provide for Sunday
afternoon services in the wards of the neighboring hospitals.

7. Intercollegiate, wdiose aim is to send student delegates to Y. W.
C. A. conferences.

8. House, whose aim is to make Brinton Hall, the Association
Home, a central meeting place for all students and a permanent home
for the very few it can accommodate, the quarters being too small to
meet the requirements of the students. It is kept attractive and home-
like by a competent, refined matron. A library and reading room oiifer
relaxation and rest to the weary student.

139

Composed of the Catholic Students and Graduates

of the

Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania

Organized 1910

Officers of the Year

President, Miss Anne Reynolds Caffrey.

Vice-President, Dr. Mary J. Sullivan.
Secretary, Miss Honoria Shine.

Treasurer, Miss Josefina \"illafane.

"Nil Huinaiium .llicnum a mc puto."

140

141

Alpha Epsilon Iota

Founded at University of Michigan 1890

Chapter Roll

Alpha — University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Mich.

Beta — Rush Medical College Chicago, 111.

Gamma — Miami College Cincinnati, Ohio

Delt.\ — College of Physicians and Surgeons Chicago, 111.

Epsilon — University of Minnesota Minneapolis, Minn.

Zeta — Cooper Medical College San Francisco, Cal.

Eta — Cornell IMedical College Ithaca, X. Y.

Theta — Woman's Medical College Philadelphia, Pa.

Iota — University of California San Francisco, Cal.

Kappa — Los Angeles Medical Department of University of California,

Los Angeles, Cal.
Lambda — Syracuse University Syracuse, N. Y.

Theta Chapter

Founded, 1902, Woman's Medical College, Philadelphia, Pa.

Affiliate; Members

Annie Bartram Hall, M.D. Rulh Webster Lathrop. M.D.

Eleanor C. Jones, M.D. Caroline C. Purnell, M.D.

Active Members

1911
Agnes Hockaday Mary R. Lewis

Ora H. Kress Dorris M. Presson

1912
Grace Burnett (Alpha Chapter) Grace Huse

1913
Alice Cook

142

Beta Chapter

of the

Zeta Phi Fraternity

Established March 28, 1903

Officers 1910-1911

President — Ixizauetu S. Beaty, M.D.

{/'ice-President — Elizabeth Frances Clakk, M.D.

Secretary — Maria P. Ryan.

Treasurer — 1>hf.i. M. Polk.

Maria P. Ryan
Amy A. Metcalf
I'.thel M. Polk

Active Members

l-ranci's J. llcatli
.Mary G. Kiiowles
I'ranccs R. Stccs

Alumnae Members

Grace \V. Sherwood, M.D.
Liicincia B. Hatch, M.D.
Mary E. Jones-Mentzer, M.D.
Myrtella M. Moore Canovan, M.D.
Jacobina S. Reddie, M.D.
Florence I. Staunton, M.D.
Mary T. Martin-Sloop, M.D.
Agnes E. Page, M.D.
Mary R. Bowman, M.D.

.Margaret Xewliii Le\ ick, M.D.
Mary Carswell McClellan. M.D.
Amy B. Rohrcr, M.D.
Laura M. Preble, M.D.
Elizabeth Frances Clark, M.D.
Elizabeth S. Beaty, M.D.
Helen W. Montague, M.D.
Wilhelmina Afton Ragland, M.D.
Lillian Gurine Stevenson, M.D.

Marv Danforth.

Associate Members

Ennna Elizabeth Musson, M.D.
Elizabeth R. Bundy, M.D.
Elizabeth L. Peck, M.D.
Adelaide Ward Peckham, M.D.
Marie L. Bauer, M.D.
Lida Stewart Cogill, M.D.
l-:iizabeth B. Bricker, M.D.

Mary E. Lapham, M.D.
Mary G. Bryson, M.D.
Jessie M. Allyn, M.D.
Margaret MacAlpine, M.D.
Winnie K. Mount, ^LD.
.\lice A. Steffian, M.D.
Laura Hunt, M.D.

144

/>fvka.Phaa.

Basket-ball Teams

Brydon Villafane Clark Love

1912

Metcalf Iliise Polk Wells Morris

146

1913

Baldwin Thompson Cook Stees Wright

1914

Houser Tai'lor Downie Dyer Hinkhouse

147

'* '■ iiS^

-^";I^l^J». .

1 r'^' ■

1 ■^mK^^^^^L-^H-^^^L^^E -

"Thoiu'sdn Row.

148

149

Faculty Census

The favorite professors. — Dr. Stevens, Dr. Tallant.

The best teachers. — Dr. Stevens, Dr. Potter.

The most brilliant. — Dr. Leffmann.

The most polished. — Dr. Kelly, Dr. Morris.

The most eloquent. — Dr. Deaver.

The most cultured. — Dr. Leffmann, Dr. Henry.

The most admired. — Dr. Everitt, Dr. Peckham.

The best quizzer. — Dr. Stevens.

The most gallant. — Dr. Morris.

The most exacting. — Dr. Lathrop.

The fairest.— Dr. Tallant. J ^' J^^^^'
' I Dr. Lathrop.

The most loquacious. — Dr. Cummins.

The one whose quizzes teach the most. — Dr. Stevens.

The born quizzer. — Dr. Stevens.

The one who has done most for our class. — Dr. Peckham.

The friends of the students. — Dr. Russell, Dr. Potter.

The scare of the freshman. — Dr. Gushing, Dr. Lathrop.

All names are placed according to the number]ofJvotes received. A bracket
indicates a tie.

ISI

Senior Census

The seniors destined for fame. — L. Y. Tsao, A. Hockaday.

The most generally liked. — H. F. Love, M. E. Brydon, D. M. Presson.

The most promising surgeon. — G. von Poswik.

The most promising obstetricians. — A. R. L. Caffrey, S. Ostrow.

The most tactful practitioners. — M. R. Lewis, M. J. McFall, D. Perez-
Marchand.

The most practical student. — M. E. Brydon.

-r; I . ;• ■ • r- Tv/r ii ( D. M. PrcSSOn.

The best clinicians. — C. Moeller, J ^, „ „.

I M. Sullivan.

The best diagnostician. — A. Ellsworth.

The most ivomanly. — A. R. L. Caffrey, M. P. Ryan, C. Bash.

The most cultured. — L. Y. Tsao.

The most independent. — B. M. Meine, H. M. Stewart.

The most capable. — D. Perez-Marchand, C. Moeller, M. R. Lewis.

The most charming. — H. F. Love.

The wittiest. — M. J. McFall.

Johnny on the spot. — E. B. Dunlap.

Whose worth is most modestly hidden. — B. M. Meine, D. Perez-Mar-
chand.

The most diplomatic. — M. R. Lewis.

The biggest bluffers. — S. M. Davies, A. Hockaday.

[ G. von Poswik.
The hardest grinders. — ■< E. B. Dunlap.

( H. M. Stewart.

The biggest book-worm. — A. Ellsworth.

The fusser. — G. von Poswik.

The ones who itave done most for the class. — M. E. Brydon, D. Perez-
Marchand.

All names are placed according to the number of votes received. A bracket
indicates a tie.

>S2

Why some of Our

Doctors will have

Good Practice.

Sadie M. Davies — Because
"A little woman,

Though a very little thing,
Is far sweeter than sugar
Or flowers in the spring."

Sarah L. Garrett — Because when she assures the patient "Now
she will be all right," who dares to doubt her?

Dr. Sullivan — Because she believes in "top-milk for breakfast."

Florence R. Weaver — Because with her pretty dimples she would be
both cheerful and competent.

Adelaide Ellsivorth — -Because she has the best judgment and the
most serious mind.

Li-Yuin Tsao — Because she is most able to put theoretical knowledge
into practice and is gifted with personal charms that win the confidence
of the patient.

Hattie F. Love — Because she answers so well in Practice quiz that

she seems to know her Therapeutics ( ?)

M. J. McFall — Because she will keep the patient's spirits with her

wit.

Caroline Moeller — Because to have a winsome, attractive face and
a charming personality around makes the patient well.

Sophie Ostrow — Because she inspires confidence in the patient by
her calmness and poise.

153

Maria P. Ryan — JJecause her own self is tlie best drug for in-
somnia.

Edythe Winn IVelbourne — Because her "sun-shine disposition" will
advertise her great services.

Ora H. Kress — Because patients will so love to see her that they
will be willing to find a "medical excuse" for it, even if it costs them
money.

D. Perez-Marchand — Because she has the greatest capability in bal-
ance with the least presumption.

Helen M. Stewart — Because she is conscientious as very few mortals.

Joscfina M. Villafaite — Because she never gets pale with anxiety
no matter how seriously grave the case may be.

Why Others will not be so Successful.

Marguerite Bailey — Because she would be "too busy to give the
patient proper attention."

Joscfina Villafaiic — Because she dispenses drugs in rather generous
doses.

M. Evelyn Brydon — Because, not being able to hear heart-murmurs,
she might diagnose "indigestion' for "valvular disease."

Julia Mary Levando-iCski — llecause she j2:ives all her time to puffs and
curls at the expense of science.

D. Peres-Marchand — Because she always finds "grave symptoms
accompanied by a suffering expression."

Dorris M. Presson — Because the desire to sing "What will little
Dorris do?" might be too great an exertion.

Carolyn Clark — Because she would be "too busy to come."

Effie B. Dunlap — Because she might be afraid to go out in the dark.

Adelaide Ellszvorth — Because she asks too many questions.

Mary R. Lewis — Because she could not make a diagnosis unless
Presson. Ilockadav, Ellswortli and Clark were consulted.

154

Ai:;ncs Hockaday — Because the patient might lose his heart, and
what's the use of saving a life when the heart is lost ?

Clcniciitinr C. Bash — iiccause she mi,q;ht not want to get her hands
dirty.

Ora H. Kress — Because when the call came, she might have a pre-
vious engagement.

Elizabeth C. S'wiiV/i— Because "Jr." might need her at home when
the patient most wanted her.

Olive Pippy — Because bringing in foreign goods without paying
duty on them, might result in losing her patients from "sun-stroke."

Emilie C. Jainison — Because she might be so engrossed in reading
Stewart's Surgery, that she might ride by her patient's house.

':^t^'

i.i''*^^,^

-*.*/5L:?,;^,_.._, 4»-j)4

.^-^ " .-! ,*

Jingle Bells .\t M.vternity.

155

College Census

Th^ freshest freshman? Mag[dalene Sparks, '14.

The most patronizing sophomore? Adalinc Francis, '13.

The haughtiest junior? Alma Read. '12.

The most conceited senior? Helen M. Stewart, '11.

The best athlete? Ethel M. Polk, "12.

The most independent? Frances P. Manship, '12.

The most original? Frances P. Manship, '12.

The most sociable? Helen J. Le Maistre. 13.

The most eccentric? Gisela von Poswik, '11.

The most courteous? Li Yuin Tsao, 'i i.

The most professional looking? Mary J. Knowles, '12.

The biggest shop talkers? \'era Schcctman, '12 ; Sadie M. Davies, '11.

The one with the longest reaction period? Edna Dayton, '12.

The one with Cor. Bminnm? Mary Sullivan, '11.

The most popular student? Hattie F. Love. '11.

The best all-round girl? Augusta A. Sassen, '12.

The typical hen-medic? Herta M. Meine. '11.

The typical girl of W. M. C? Amy A. Metcalf, '12.

The most loyal daughter of IV. M. C? D. Perez-Marchand, '11.

_,, , w ,• j, Fdna Dayton, '12.

The general anesthetic? ,, , ,. V, ,, ,
^ Madelme Beall, 14.

The tonic? Mary E. Brydon, 'il ; Helen J. Le Maistre, '13.

The hardest worker? Carolyn A. Clark, '11.

Hattie F. Love, '11.

Augusta A. Sassen, '13.

The most sentimental? Marie Millikin, '13.
The two students zvho are isomeric?

Mary Sullivan, '11 ; Helen J. Le Maistre, '13.
Mary E. Brydon. 'il.

« f Mary E. Brvdon.

The catalytic a^ent? -^ t • -v- • t^ ' 1

•' ^ I Li \um Tsao, 11.

All names are placed according to the number of votes received. A bracket
indicates a tie.

I??'

Zigzag Cuts

The dissection had been so thorough that it was found impossible
to govern The Scalpel. The knife itself moved in every direction and
^ig^ag cuts were unavoidable. The following have been recorded for
future reference, since they were pronounced not amenable to treatment.

Suggestions by the Student Body for Future of College.

Raise the entrance requirements.

Require seniors to take examinations in all specialties.

Raise the age limit for entrance to college.

Have a more general clearing-house between faculty and students
for the settlement of the latter's grievances and troubles.

Make the Undergraduate Medical Society what it should be ; not
merely a phantom.

Spend some money and energy in advertising the advantages that
our college offers.

Instil college spirit into the students.

Facilitate and encourage the publication of The Esculapian and The
Scalpel.

Suggestions by the Senior Class for the Betterment of the Course.

That the course in Clinical Pathology be arranged so that less time
be wasted.

Better quiz-masters in certain subjects.

More clinical material.

A course in Pharmacology.

Make the course in Materia Medica and Therapeutics three years.

157

I lave the ward classes in gynaecology so arranged that seniors waste
less time in trying to take long notes.

Have a course in Practical Physiology.

Give the seniors work at Barton Dispensary.

Take cases in the hospital in conjunction with the Clinical Pathology
course.

Give more examinations on special subjects previous to the time for
other finals.

Have all quiz-masters announce beforehand the subject of their
regular quizzes.

Continue the Histology contest between the sophomore and freshman
classes.

Give all final examinations in the morning and not in the afternoon.

Allow students to cut more than one-third in some quizzes.

I.SH

Reasons of the Seniors for Coming to W. M. C. in Preference

to a Co-ed. School

The thought of becoming a professional woman and still being a
woman.

Because of the stimulation of working under women who have at-
tained prominence in the medical world.

More attention given to conditions which women physicians are most
frequently called upon to treat.

Because it was a woman's college and stood for the great Cause of
Women.

Seniors' Advice to a Girl Starting to Study Medicine,

Be not a girl, but a woman.

Be womanly ; be friendly ; cultivate common-sense and have some
outside interests and amusements.

Study faithfully, but take plenty of time for eating, sleeping and
recreation.

Train the mind to get the important facts only.

Have perseverance so that difficulties may lend encouragement.

Repeat this question daily for the first three months: "Am I fit for
this life of great sacrifice and self-denial?"

Treasure up general knowledge from the study of literature, arts and
fundamental sciences ; build up into more than a medical woman : into a
broad-minded woman.

Be a thorough lady, a conscientious student, a woman with convic-
tions who has the courage to follow them ; steadfast and immovable in the
fundamental principles of the brotherhood of man ; broad enough to be a
friend of all and yet capable of rightly choosing intimate friends.

Cultivate unselfishness, patience, courage, self-denial and retain all
womanly virtues.

159

Prefer W. M. C. to all other medical schools: it is here and only
here that a girl can be transformed into a medical WOMAN. It is only
here that the course is so arranged as to give proficient and practical
knowledge, especially in Gynecology and Obstetrics, equal to that of a
physician with several years of experience.

What Year of the Course Was Most Enjoyed and Why?

The first — Because it is the blissful year of unconsciousness when
one does not know what is kept in store.

The third year — Because of the feeling of being "something."

The third year — Because it gives relief from the "grind" of the
second year.

The third year — Because it is the most interesting.

The third year — Because there is greater interest associated with
the first practical work.

The third year — Because it gives a splendid course in Minor Surgery
at Barton Dispensary.

The third y^ar-^The course in Physiology is a thing of the past.

The third year — Because students' days just reached their climax.

The fourth year — Because it gives this feeling: "I am soon to be a
full-fledged Doctor."

160

Records of the W. M. C. Students' Phonograph

"I am always in a receptive mood." — Dean Marshall.

"It used to be so when I was a school-boy." — Dr. Leffmann.

"Fight for life . . . well, if you are sick, you are sick and
that is all : whom can you fight ?" — Dr. Henry.

"Never use bichloride wash on a fresh wound, be it clean or dirty."
— Dr. Everitt.

"Did the bell ring?"— £>r. Peckham.

"Students specially need physiological rest." — Dr. Lathrop.

"I did not hear it ; most probably it was wrong." — Dr. Stevens.

"You and I and the rest of us all know that." — Dr. Kelly.

"In the Johns Hopkins Hospital it was found to be so." — Dr. Tallant.

"Matter not pertaining to the question will be counted against the
writer." — Dr. Lathrop.

"What else under the heavens?" — Dr. Kelly.

"Oh, girls, you were just exposed to Surgery last year!" — Dr.
Hartley.

i6{

"When I have the pleasure of meeting you next time, ladies, I will
finish this lecture." — Dr. Morris.

"Any one knows? — All those who have been nurses, come down
here. All doctors' daughters, come down here . . . are there any
more doctors' daughters?" — Dr. Van Gasken.

"The subject is exhausted but I hope I have not exhausted (!!!)
you." — Dr. Cummins.

"Yes, it is just opposite to what you say." — Dr. Stevens.

"Girls, never say 'I don't know' — use your common sense ; remember
the good old-fashioned remedies that grandmother used for you all."
—Dr. Potter.

"The work of Ehrlich's is most wonderful." — Dr. Peckham.

"Define valency. — Oh dear, you must get this straightened out once
for all." — Dr. Tracy.

"Now, these cases will come to you for treatment ; and you must
treat them heroically ; get your nerve, and open freely to investigate the
cause of mischief." — Dr. Dearer.

"Where are the students to-day? — I forgot my roll-book." — Dr.
Noble.

"Are you a doctor's daughter? — And you never saw anything that
looked like this?" — Dr. Van Gasken.

"Fresh air; fresh air is needed." — Dr. Lathrop.

"If you don't learn anything else, — learn this." — Dr. Dearer.

"Burnt ; baked beyond recognition." — Dr. Gushing.

"For heaven's sake, don't say that to the chief when she gives you a
quiz."— Dr. Potter.

"I would not have you take this too seriously: perish the thought."
— Dr. Gummins.

"Ladies, am I speaking too fast?" — Dr. Kelly.

"You are late, Miss Brydon." — Dr. Van Gasken.

"You still have two periods to make up." — Dr. Tracy.

"Never neglect early investigation in all such cases." — Dr. Everitt.

"Don't stand around with your hands in your pockets ; get busy."
— Dr. Dearer.

163

"My son at the University had that same trouble." — Dr. Noble.

"I know your name, but I can not remember it now — wait, my dear,
don't speak." — Dean Marshall.

"That is as plain as the nose on your face." — Dr. Gushing.

"Just one more minute, ladies." — Dr. Morris.

"Brilliant; just right: I will write the death certificate now." — Dr.
Stevens.

"I hope you won't disgrace me when you get to be upper class-
girls." — Dr. Tracy.

"Jhat same principle is applied in some forms of industrial opera-
tion."-— Dr. Leffmann.

"Now, girls, I wish you all success with your ten cases; if anything
is wrong, send for the chief." — Dr. Kraker.

"My daughter study Medicine? — no, indeed: that is too hard a life
for a woman ; that's a dog's life." — Dr. Gushing.

"Parenchymatously speaking." — Dr. Cummins.

"In other words .... so to speak .... as it were."
— Dr. Deaver.

"That present senior class is wonderful." — Dr. Gushing.

"The ingratitude with which physicians meet is great ....
yet, physicians are not greater cynics than other men." — Dr. Henry.

"They are conspicuous by their absence." — Dr. Gummins.

"There is one operation that all physicans must know and that is
intubation — you, girls, must know; get your nerve; say to yourself, 7 can
do it as well as the other fellow; as well as my boss,' and go ahead." —
Dr. Deaver.

"Oh, the feminine mind! — Girls, to reset a fracture properly, you
must do it heroically." — Dr. Hartley.

"This mahogany red is what Dr. Kelly calls mahogany brown." —
Dr. Gummins.

"Be always ready to greet your old friends, your anatomical land-
marks."— Dr. Deaver.

"The cases that will present themselves to you." — Dr. Deaver.

"I tell my residents". . . — Dr. Deaver.

163

"This patient comes to you : you are the only doctor in town." — Dr.
Stevens.

"What is your professional opinion about that, in your best style?"
— Dr. Stevens.

"What chance will this patient, suffering from . . ., have under
your professional care?" — Dr. Stevens.

"This was long time ago." — Dr. Henry.

"The attic is full of cobwebs, the adhesions." — Dr. Deaver.

"It seems almost a crime to charge money for such an easy opera-
tion."— Dr. Deaver

"Gall stones are found everywhere ; the theatres and churches are
full of gall stones ; — if you caught hold of people and shook them, you
would hear them rattle." — Dr. Deaver.

"The more I see of surgery, the less faith I have in drugs." — Dr.
Deaver.

"Don't stuff your patients with sweet oil and essence of pepsin : this
is what they want (showing it in his hand) — the knife, the knife. Bev-
erages will not dissolve gall stones. . . . non.sense !" — Dr. Deaver.

"I seriously object to that." — Dean Marshall.

The Great and the Near Great

ACT I

Scene — West lecture room; seniors seated (many in the rear!)
chatting, teasing one another, laughing. A patient, a young girl wrapped
up in a blanket, is seated to one side facing the class. Enter Dr. Van Gas-
ken in a well-tailored, white-duck coat with a button, "Votes for Women,"
on the collar and papers sticking out from the left hand breast pocket ;
drawing out a page of the college catalogue, proceeds to call the roll :
"Miss Bailey, Miss Bash, Miss Brydon," she stops, "Where is Miss
Brydon?" then continues to the end. "Where are all the rest of you?"

Dr. Van Gasken (looks at the patient) — "Now this young woman

You are a young woman, aren't you?" [To the class.]

"Whose patient is this? Miss Stewart's? Will you come down and
read her history, Miss Stewart? Miss Presson, please close that upper
door."

Miss Stewart (reads) — "21 years old, married, has one child, has
had an operation "

Dr. Van Gasken — "How very far along life's way she is! She has

come here with this tragic tale Why did she come to the

Hospital, Miss Stewart?"

Miss Stewart — ^"Digestive disturbances, pain around her heart with
an attack of acute dilatation of the stomach."

[Miss Ellsworth enters and comes blustering down the steps.]

Dr. Van Gasken (looking up) — "Here comes Miss Ellsworth. Now
we are going to have a snap-shot diagnosis. [Continuing.] Now we'll have
the patient lie down on the table and see if Miss Stewart can demonstrate
the dilatation. Will you come down here too. Miss Jamison? Some
students are like modest violets, you never know they are here." [Enter
Miss Brydon.] "Miss Brydon, you are late."

Miss Brydon — "Yes 'um, I reckon I am."

Dr. Van Gasken — "This patient has been home four weeks since the
operation, surrounded by an anxious, sympathetic family and conse-
quently here she comes back to us." [Miss Stewart patting patient's
hand.] "Not too much of that. Miss Stewart; not good for her."

Dr. Van Gasken — "Miss McFall, do you think the history of this
case gives us any clue to the present condition? Now, I see Miss Clark
shaking her head. I've a new pair of glasses. I can see more than I
ever did before ; I have both side and front vievr now. They are toric
lenses ; they are great things."

165

Miss Love — "What kind of lenses did you say they were, Dr. Van
Gasken ?"

Dr. Van Gasken — "Toric" (spells) "T-o-r-i-c."

Miss Love — "O! Toric. I wanted to know because I want to get
some."

Ihi. \ .\.\" (i.\SKi:.\ — "Mi.ss l\\an, will you j^o down inti) the clinic
and bring up those bottles? Miss Stewart, have you looked at this
patient's tongue ?"

Miss Stewart — "No, doctor."

Dr. Van Gasken — "Always look at tongues, for tongues tell tales.
Now this child, (that is all she is) has symptoms referable to the stom-
ach." [Enter Miss Ryan with two bottles and a medicine glass. Dr.
\'an Gasken fills the glass and hands to the patient.] "Mrs. S., this is a
Seidlitz powder. Swallow this." [Pours another glass.] "Now, swallow
this. Kcej) lips tightly closed. Swallow." [To class.] "Now you see here
is her stomach." | Percussing] "'llcar it?" [To i)atient. | "Keej) lips closed.
No, it doesn't hurt. Dr. Faughnan, will you get some aromatics?" [To
patient, who looks unhappy.] "Yes, yes, yes, we'll give you something
right away to make you better. Open your mouth. Take long breaths,
long breaths. That's the idea ; all right, that's it. Now it's better. Don't
s])end your time crying; take deej), long breaths. Miss Ryan, will you
take the patient back to bed? Miss Love, do you think she was suffering
from any real pain?"

Miss Love — "No, I don't, it was mostly put on."

Dr. Van Gasken — "What do you think about it. Miss Perez? By
the way, where is Miss Tsao?"

Miss Perez — "She is at Maternity."

Dr. \'^an Gasken — "Seems to me she has been there a long time."
[Class laughs; she has been there only one day.] "Did that i)atient
really have pain. Miss Perez?"

Mi.ss Perez — "Yes; she did have a slight pain which she exagger-
ated in her nervous excitement."

Dr. \\\x G.vsken — "Oh my ; how many soft-hearted people are there
in this class? How many hard-hearted ones agree with Miss Love? Miss
Bailey stands by Miss Love. Miss Stewart, what medicine is the patient
getting? . . .What's the dose, a drop or a dram?"

Miss Clark — "A teaspoon."

Miss Stewart — "A tablesjioon. It is a six ounce mixture and she
is getting fifteen grains of bismuth to the dose."

Dr. Van Gasken — "How did you work it out?'"

Miss Stewart — "Oh; I don't know. I can't do arithmetic"

166

Dr. Van Gasken — "Don't use scruples. That is an old term. We
don't have scruples anymore of any kind. Mrs. Garrett, what dost
'thee' think the bismuth is given for?"

Mrs. Garrett — "A sedative."

Dr. Van Gasken — "What would you do for her, Miss Bash?"

(Miss Bash (makes a start) — "Sir?" (confused) "What did you say,
Doctor?"

Dr. Van Gasken — "Miss Stewart, what is the bismuth given for?"

Miss Stewart — "As a laxative."

Dr. \'.\n Gasken — "Why, we just said it acts opposite. The words
are still in the air back there." [Laut^hlcr. | ""This patient illustrates
several things. One thing: you mustn't get married too earl}'."
[Laughter.] Miss Lehnis (sotto 2'oce) : "we're safe." "Xcirr trouble
trouble 'til trouble troubles yott." [Miss Meine slips out side door.] "But
I remember a medical student who had a great many operations and got
a lot of attention; didn't finish her course, then got married; got side-
tracked from herself, and so got well and fat. But it took a long time to
get evolution to this higher state." [Laughter. Miss Clark disappears
out side door.] Dr. A'an Gasken explains all points of interest in the
patient and outlines the course of treatment to be followed.

Second patient comes in, who has stains over arms, hands, neck and
shoulders posteriorly.

Dr. Van Gasken — "Here we have a skin lesion that needs diag-
nosis. Come down here and see it." [Students with much noise, bang-
ing down the arm rests of the seats, rush down.] "Look at it, what do
you think of it?"

Miss Lewis — "It looks like Vitiligo."

Miss Weaver — "I think it is not."

Dr. Van Gasken — "We don't seem to agree. Have you all looked
at it? Have you seen anything that looked like this, Mrs. Welbourne?
Have you Miss Cafifrey? You are a nurse. Miss Caffrey. Who else
here is a nurse? — Miss Brydon, Miss von Poswick, Miss Pippy. Well,
if you don't diagnose it, I will call on the doctors' daughters. Miss . .
. (she looks around the room) — come down here. Miss Kress, you are
a doctor's daughter on both sides." The case is very thoroughly dis-
cussed and Dr. \"an Gasken warns the seniors that it is time to know
these things.

[Enter Alfred and the janitor carrying a patient on a stretcher, who
is laid on the table. Exit Alfred heaving long breaths.]

Dr. Van Gasken — "Now this patient is our old friend, Mrs. X.
You all remember her, don't you?" [Yes, in chorus.] "She is our

167

patient suflFering from chronic dilatation of the stomach [two students
disappear] complicated by a heart lesion. She is to have a lavage once a
month. Miss Moeller, come down and give the lavage. It is worth learning
to know how to introduce the stomach pump properly. Now moisten it."
[To the patient. J "Swallow it like a robin swallows a worm. Easily,
easily now, on, on, down. All right." [Exit Miss Davies; outside door-
bell rings.] "Now, Miss Brydon, you're the doubting Thomas. Will you
fisten to this heart. Is the murmur systolic or diastolic?"

Miss Brydox — "I kant hear any murmur. I reckon my stethoscope
isn't any good."

Dk. \\\n Gasken — "O! Miss Brydon, you must hear it. In heart
murmurs remember the time, the place and the girl." [Exit Miss Bailey
out side door. J After great exertion. Miss Brydon hears the murmur.

Enter patient suffering from asthma.

Dr. Van Gasken — "Does the class remember that last week we
talked about a certain disease — asthma?" (Winks at class) — ("Yes," in
chorus.) "Well, we have a lamb in the bushes" [Laughter]. "This patient
also has many other 'ailments' besides the asthma. 'Many are the afflic-
tions of the righteous, but the Lxjrd delivereth him out of them all.'
Isn't that true. Miss Hockaday? Besides the medicine we discussed
for the treatment of asthma, this patient needs something to take blood
away from her think box." [Exit several out side door.]

Dr. Van Gasken (looking around surprised) — "Where is the
class? This certainly is a vanishing class Well, we will con-
tinue in the Hospital. Ward-class, come with me to our rounds."

[All Exit.]

ACT II

Scene — A hospital ward. Nurses are running around excitedly,
made more nervous every minute by the interne (a senior who is sub-
stituting for one of the residents) , who rushes to the telephone at frequent
intervals to call up Dr. Cleaver. Receiving no answer she continues her
distracted pacing between the beds, wringing her hands and exclaiming:
"My God. what can I do? What shall I do? What shall I say?" . . .

Just then Dr. Cleaver walks quietly in. "My good girl," he says
(calmly taking his glasses oflF and exchanging them for another pair
from a handsome gold-mounted case), "my good girl, have I not told
you, as it were, a hundred times what you should do in such a case ? So
to speak, have I not repeatedly told you that internal hemorrhage should
be diagnosed from secondary shock f You should always be prepared

i68

for these cases. In other words, you should know how to treat them.
And above all, I always tell my residents not to call me up on the 'phone
every fifteen minutes. So to speak, the resident should know her
business."

The interne, shaking from head to feet, makes no answer, but keeps
turning sheets from the patient's daily chart.

Dr. Cleaver takes off his coat, turns up his sleeves and says : "Give
me some gauze" — he walks towards the patient's bed and turning to his
assistant he continues — "no, not so much. These young ladies must be
taught to be economical."

Dr. Heartsease, turning to the interne: "I am ashamed of you. Don't
you know any better? Don't you know what we do in this hospital to
control internal hemorrhage?" And while the contrite interne looks
down silently, Dr. Heartsease adds : "I do believe that these girls must
learn the fundamental principles of Surgery before they get even to the
senior year; its awful to think that the only thing they learn while they
are students is to refer to their notes."

And the innocent interne continues: "Yes, doctor, I know I have it
in my notes somewhere."

ACT HI

Time— 3.55 P. M.

Place — West lecture room.

Freshman class assembled for Anatomy Lecture. (Enter Dean
Marshall followed by a gentleman.)

The Dean (addressing the Class) :

Ladies, I am glad of this opportunity to extend to you my best wishes
for a happy New Year.

(Freshman Class staringly looks at the bones on the table.)

Dean (continuing) — And I also hope that it will be the last happy
New Year that you will spend as students in this college.

(Freshman Class looks blank!)

Dean — Ladies, it also gives me great pleasure (turning to the gen-
tleman) to introduce to you - —

(Enter Alfred bearing a skull.)

Dean (in confusion) — Why, isn't this the Senior Class? (Exeunt
Dean, gentleman and Alfred.)

Dean (murmuring as she leaves) — Now I'll have to say this all
over again !

169

Dr. Stevens' Quiz.

The early morning light was breaking acruss the Girard College tow-
ers, when different groups of figures were seen silently hurrying along the
street toward the car line.

They had put by the charms of Morpheus, they had incurred the dan-
gers of an acute attack of indigestion, and they were again placing their
lives in jeopardy by daring to board a down-town car. They were well
aware that this last aim was one compared to which a basket ball rush was
as nothing, but their thirst for knowledge was not to be quenched by the
dark prospect which lay before them.

When a car appeared which seemed to contain only about sixty
passengers, they placed one foot on the back-platform, suspended the other
from its articulation, took a deep breath, for they knew it would be the last
until they alighted, — gripped their note-books firmly — and hoped they
would reach their destination with complete preservation of the normal
relation of the component parts of their osseous systems.

Their goal was reached ! They had arrived at "Dr. Stevens' Quiz."
The scene shows a room with chairs placed around the walls occupied
by aspiring candidates for M.D. in various attitudes, with a rocking
chair placed eccentrically, — which chair performed eccentrically also,
because when the "quiz-master" seated himself, after bownng to the
group and began to rock, it slowly moved off toward the opposite end of
the room.

Every one is now^ attention — all look wise and e.xpectant — the rustling
ceases and the quiz begins.

Dr. S. — (To Miss Scitting, almost out of reach of his eye.)

"What is an acute inflammation of a Bronchus?"

Miss S. — (IJeing a very raj)i(l thinker, replies after a pause). "Ilron-
chitis."

Dr. S. — "Clever, very clever!"

"Into just what classes is it divided?"

Miss S. feels the depths of scientific knowledge stirring and answers,
"Acute and Chronic."

Dr. S.— "Good! Splendid!"

There is a merry twinkle in his eye and the others looking amused
cause Miss S. to conclude that brilliant answers are not always ap-
jireciated.

Miss A. — who has been taking a private nap in a far corner is aroused
.)v the question "What is another name for a white blood corpuscle?"

170

She is staggered for a moment at the difficulty of the question, ponders
it over, and after an impressive pause — "a leucocyte."

Dr. S. — "Good ! Best answer I ever had !"

The questions go around the circle, and then looking intently at Miss
P., he asks — "What is the differential diagnosis between Acute Bronchitis
and Whooping-cough?"

Miss P. — "You cough up? — Ah — a — cough up —

Dr. S.— "What? A whoop?

Reaching Miss V. on his rocking-chair journey, he leans forward
and asks, "Symptoms of Lobar Pneumonia?"

She hesitates — is lost — and finally pleads that she "never did under-
stand lung."

The quizzical look comes into Dr. S.'s eye and he asks innocently —
"Is that all?"

Looking around, he catches sight of Miss K. reposing comfortably on
the lounge and he inquires, "Treatment for Bronchitis ?"

Blank look — (Miss K.'s association areas are rusty this morning.)

Dr. S. — "Your patient is waiting, he is getting nervous, better have
him return in two hours while you look it up."

The chair has reached the center of the room, and Miss P. being the
nearest, he asks — "What is your professional opinion in your best style as
to the treatment of Fibrinous Bronchitis?"

During her moment of hesitation, he answers — "While you are think-
ing about it, I will make out the death certificate."

Miss L. in the far corner is asked — "Differential diagnosis between
Diabetic and Alcoholic Coma?"

Miss L. — (vaguely) — "In alcoholic coma, you find a bottle lying
near by."

Dr. S. — "Oh ! The fact that you find a saddle under the bed is no
proof that the man has swallowed a horse."

Meanwhile, he has been giving a systematic outline as to symptoms,
diagnosis and treatment of the various diseases — while the opinions of the
future M.D.'s as to their amount of knowledge have declined to 32
degrees F., they have enjoyed the morning exceedingly and felt that to
attend "Dr. Stevens' Quiz" was an inspiration to the student, while it left
them marvelling that the human brain could be such a store-house of
knowledge.

171

" The Folly of the Wise "

Surgery Quiz.
Dr. H.\rtley — What would you do to combat the shock following
hemorrhage, Miss Presson?

Miss Presson — I would give a hypodermic of coflFee.

Operative Surgery.
Miss Stewart — Tell me, Dr. Collins, aren't you going to turn the
edges of that wound in before you sew it up?
Dr. Collins — Oh, well, — you might.

Notes in Dermatology.
"Erythema nodosum is a mortifying disease ; the itching is terrible
and even the bed-clothes are irritable." — L. Y. Tsao.

Surgery Quiz.

Dr. Hartley — Miss Pippy, give one cause for fracture of the nasal
bone.

Miss Pippy — I am not sure, but I think muscular contraction is the
most common cause.

In the College Hospital.

Mi-ss Pre-sson (walking into the hospital.) To nurse — How is Miss
Ridgway to-night?

Nur.se — She is doing very well.

Miss Presson — May I see her?

Nurse — No, not to-night. You know it is after visiting hours, and
she had better not be disturbed.

Miss Presson — Why, who do you think I am?
. Nurse — Her sister? You look like her —

Miss Presson — Why, I am the student doctor. Don't you tell me
that I look like her, nurse.

Gynaecology Quiz.
Dr. Potter — How would you build up your patient. Miss Clark?
Miss Clark — I would give her potassium iodide and castor oil.

Demonstration in Operative Gynaecology.
Dr. Potter — "I want you all to imagine that you are really operating
on a living patient ; all precautions arc needed as well as all ability. Miss
Ellsworth, you are the second assistant here — give us a cat-gut suture."

172

Miss Ellsworth (whispering and rather puzzled) — "It is not as
easy as I thought ; I better moisten the cat-gut a httle." And this saying,
she carried the cat-gut to the mouth where she moistened it before
threading the needle.

Practice of Medicine Quiz.
Dr. Thomas — Miss Presson, if after doing all that, the patient con-
tinues ill, what else will you do?

Miss Presson — Well, I suppose I have to let her die : that's all.

At the Gate of the Municipal Hospital.

A NUMBER OF STUDENTS — Guard, havc you seen any of our students
come in yet?

The Guard — Yes, the little one came in long ago.

Students — Davies is always on time. (They rushed in hurriedly
and, oh surprise! It was not Davies but Dr. Sullivan that had been the
first.)

Senior Class Meeting.
(The art of teaching is being discussed.)

Miss Presson — Well, let me- tell you, girls, that one has to be born
to be a teacher.

Materia Medica Quiz.
Miss Meine — Dr. Thomas, will you tell me what is the word that
I am thinking of? I can't just now remember.

Notes on Bandaging (First Year).
"Pass the bandage well under the ox-bud {?)" — E. Dunlap.

Pediatrics Quiz.
Dr. Taylor — Miss Love, give another name for "Rickets."
Miss Love — I reckon I don't know.
Dr. Taylor (to another student) — Can you give it?
Student — "Rachitis."

Miss Love — Why, I knew that ... but I thought they both
meant the same thing.

Dr. Taylor — Yes, they do ; that's why I asked you.

Obstetric Quiz.
Dr. Kraker — What is the patient's after-care?
Student — I would just feed her on prunes.

173

Thekapeutic Quiz.

Dr. Thomas — If in the cour.se of etherization the patient starts to
vomit, what will you do, Miss Bash ?

Miss Bash — I will introduce the stomach-tube and proceed with
a lavage.

Practice of Medicine Quiz.
Dr. Thomas — Give the symptoms of "laryngismus stridulus," Miss
Presson.

Miss Presson — Well, the patient has an olive complexion.

In the Hospital Ward.

Miss Tsao — Look, there is an Indian woman in that bed over in the
corner ; do you see her, Miss Moeller.

Miss Mcellek — My dear, that woman is jaundiced; that's why you
think she is an Indian. She has the characteristic coppcrish color.

Students in one voice — Oh, my, no; that is an Indian. Miss
Moeller. That's why she is co/'/'(?r-colored.

In the Pediatric Clinic.

Dr. Le Boutillier — What is a child's length at the end of the first
year. Miss Love?

Miss Love — It is twice its length at birth.

Du. Le Boutillier — So if it is eighteen inches at birth it will be
thirty-six inches at the first year?

Miss Love — Yes, that's right.

In the Library.

Miss Mceller to a classmate — Will you kindly direct me to Dr.
Everitt ?

Classmate — Yes, just there she is . . . (directing her to Miss
Hughes).

Miss Mceller — Dr. Everitt, I wish to speak to you about my work.

Miss Hughe.s — Wh-wh-what did you say? Why, I am a junior,
only a junior.

Why does the differentiation between Capillary Bronchitis and Pneu-
monia give rise to a diversity of opinion between Dr. Henry and Miss
PressoH ?

174

Whys and the Other Whys

Why was Miss Love so interested in watching a certain case that she
even sat for a long time on a hot-water bag without feeling it?

Why did Miss Perez-Marchand once take a nap during a certain lecture
with all the comfort that the floor between the rows of seniors
ofifered ?

Why did Miss Lewis take her friends to see the great Jeanne d'Arc play
on Tuesday evening when her tickets had been bought for Sat-
urday noon?

Why did Dr. Van Gasken once say "the Seniors are a vanishing class"?

Why was Miss Dunlap's appetite (as a patient) so very misleading?

Why did Miss Bailey forget the date of her examination in surgery?

Why was ^liss C. Clark so interested in all that came from Germany?

Why does Miss Ellsworth still remember the "great annual ball of
1910"?

Why was Miss Lewis so interested in the prognosis of certain orthopedic
operations ?

Why did Mrs. Welbourne consider chemotaxis a "certain mysterious
affinity" r

Why did Miss Kress enjoy so well her junior evenings in the "South
Pole"?

Why did Miss Jamison use opera glasses to follow a certain operation?

Why was Miss Meine forbidden from seeing to her business with her co-
business manager of the ^sculapian between classes?

Why did Miss Brydon feel so happy when she received that great fruit
cake accompanied with flowers?

Why did the words "it is a mixture"' so upset Miss Tsao?

Why did Miss Presson receive that "hot telegram from Dad" on the
day of the Army and Navy game?

Why did Miss Pippy condescend to be only the consultant in one of her
outdoor cases?

I7S

In Want of an Introduction

(Two students meet at the main door of the college building.)

First Student — What's the matter with you? Why, I have been to
see you three times and every time you are out.

Second Student — I have been so very busy that I have hardly lived
in my room for the last week. I am trying to write for the Scalpel, and
that takes my spare time.

First Student — Write what ? I don't care ; I want to see you.

Second Student — Anything that I may do for you?

First Student — Yes, I want you to introduce to me Alma Mater.
Ever since the last class meeting I have been asking people about her,
and no one seems to know her; will you introduce me to her?

Second Student — What? Are you trying to fool me?

First Student — No, no fooling. I have got to know that lady or
else, don't ask me to vote for her on anything.

"Sfim

AFTERNOON was closing over the

broad strawberry beds of the Wel-

ton farm. The field was shut off

from the public road by a stone

fence, high grown with bushes and

creepers. Its other side sloped

down to a narrow belt of meadow

I beyond which the maples and oaks

/ of a forest climbed up the sides of a range of little

\ mountains.

\ All the various sunset noises of a much peopled barn

' and stable yard began. Children were getting in chips,

feeding greedy chickens or loitering along the hill paths to bring home

the cows.

From the further end of the field the farmer's wife, with steady
swinging step, entered the patch. She was a tall, well-made woman, whose
large, gnarled hands and muscular arms showed her a hard worker.
Shrewd blue eyes and an abundance of reddish hair contradicted the evi-
dence of age in the wrinkles of her face. Her pink and white skin had
resisted, as not one in a thousand can, the leathering, sallowing effects of
many New England winters. Her plain, well-fitting cotton dress with its
bit of lace at the neck bespoke the sensible intent of tidying up for the
afternoon, yet being equipped to collect eggs, feed poultry, and if need
arose, discipline refractory livestock.

She walked swiftly to a part of the field where one of the pickers,
indifferent to the coming night, picked away as if she were gathering the
plums of Paradise and this were the last chance ever to secure any. The
farmer's wife stopped for a moment to note the row of filled baskets and
the rapid movements with which the large, strong fingers searched among
the leaves and brought aw-ay handfuls of fruit. Then she spoke: "Well,
Mrs. X., it's time to stop, the sun is getting low and supper is nearly
ready. Besides, I don't like a visitor to work too hard even at pleasuring."
As they came to the large berry crates, the other pickers began to
bring in their boxes. One of them was a tall, gaunt woman with a

1 77

long, dark, sallow face, thick, unkempt black hair and sparkling black
eyes. As she stepped along one could see the long, loose swing of thigh
and knee and the answering swerve of the shoulders under the thin calico
wrapper. Jn Grecian days, or in the East of Isaac's time, she might have
been one of a strong man's daughters who brought home her watering
pot on her head from the distant well. As a young woman she must
have been the perfection of that type of beauty — a type that withers not
only unsung but almost unnoticed in our cold Northern civilization.

"Pickin' gettin' mighty scerce, mam," she said as she handed in her
baskets. "What with saving my rheumatiz and feeding berries to the
baby here, 1 didn't get many boxes filled."

She stepped aside to let her listeners see her little granddaughter, a
well-kept, husky little chunk of humanity, broad as she was long. The
baby was evidently full of strawberries, and an overflow meeting of the
fruit that could not be got inside was assembled on her face and pinafore.
There was evidently a deep-rooted companionship between the child and
her grandmother, — the kind of friendship which takes no account of such
non-essentials as years, their numbers or disparities.

"If you want to finish your crate to-night, Maggie, there's an hour
of light left yet," said Mrs. Welton as she put away the boxes. "No,
mam. I've got to get home to make supper for 'Him'. 'Him's' been
to New Haven to the bank. I got to make a strawberry shortcake.
'Him' does relish shortcake. I got just about time to bake it before
'Him' gets back." Lifting the baby easily to her shoulder, she started
home across the fields.

".'\lways talking about 'Him'." .said Mrs. Welton, putting the crate
cover down tight. "We neighbors don't think any too well of him be-
cause he never has been anything to work — with his hands, I mean. We
don't have much opinion of a man who stays at home and sends his
family out to work. It doesn't look very well, does it? Yet I don't
know but what it's turned out all right after all, for he's made them
work and has taken their wages, he's at least put a home over their
heads. They own all this next farm, good meadow bottom, with a
brook through it, and that hill of timber over there. He's just gone to
New Haven to-day to put the money in the bank, so the last payment on
the mortgage, a hundred dollars, can be paid the first of the month.
Then it will be all free of debt and all theirs. It beats all how he's always
managed to put money in the bank — never took any out till they bought
this place, and always kept adding to what he'd put in. Over at Sunset,
when they first started in they weren't much better than cattle. They
lived in a hut with one side open to the weather in sunnner, and not very

178

well closed in cold weather. Likely he did work more while the children
were little, at least he took care of them ; raised chickens and garden
truck ; did bits of tinkering for the neighbors and saved money from the
wages Maggie earned going out to work. May be his not working much
and sitting around thinking gave him time to study out how to get along.
It isn't all in bone labor, you know — success isn't — need some head work.
That's what we hand laborers don't value enough — head work.

"Well, to get on, he gave his children what schooling the law
required — then set them to work and saved up most of their wages
in the bank. They had a little money, of course, but they were not
allowed to spend much of it junketing and pleasuring. When they began
to grow up to be big boys and girls, the town of Sunset went to him and
JNIaggie and made them have the marriage service performed. You see the
oldest boy — the one that was killed by lightning last year — turned out to
be a fine, manly, sensitive fellow, and the town folks thought he ought to
have his family relations fixed up as well as they could be — at least have
a legal right to his surname. Strange, wasn't it, that he should be killed
in that sudden way? He'd got himself clothes like other young men wear,
and had joined the church and the lyceum, and it looked like he was the
one that was going to give the family a chance to get out among people.
His taking ofif was a great blow to the old man — to all of them." "Do
the family appreciate what 'Him' has done for them?" asked the visitor,
delighted to have wandered into a bit of real life being lived vividly from
day to day. "Yes, I think so," answered the other woman. "You see he's
been true, in his way, he's loafed at home, not at the grocery store or the
tavern — though he drinks a bit now and then — none to hurt, he won't
spend the money. He's always at home waiting for them, with a hot meal
ready if they've been out for a day's work, and some little thing for each
of them that shows he thought of each one. He sets a great store by the
supper hour, when they are all home for the night, and have time to be
together. They have a special chair that belongs to him, and they never
let any one else sit in it, keep it for him at the head of the table, by the
fire or on the porch where he likes to smoke summer evenings. He's
a kind of a hero to them, and I guess, when all's said and done, he de-
serves it, for he kept them together all these years. I think likely, with
all their long poverty and struggle, they've had a much happier family life
than many of our well-to-do people, whose children follow nothing at
all but their own sweet wills and show no promise of ever amounting to
anything."

As the two women walked along the stretch of road between the
berry field and the house, they stepped aside to let a small herd of four

179

cows pass by. The youngest, a year-old heifer, plunged along with
head up and eyes rolling, with that graceful brainless prance of young
cowhood, needing the whole road for her antics.

Behind the cows there trudged briskly a young woman of medium
stature, with dark hair and face, and dressed in a bright red waist,
black skirt and smart tan shoes, the whole suit evidently new. "That's
another one of 'Him's' daughters," said Mrs. Welton, as she spoke
pleasantly to the girl. "She goes berrying over at the Jacob's farm and
brings the cows along on her way home." "Does she wear that raiment
to berry picking?" asked the visitor. "Why, the old man gave her back
some of her wages," explained the farmer's wife, "and she laid the money
out on these clothes. It does seem a shiftless way to treat new clothes,
but they're hers and she worked hard to earn them, and I'm glad to have
her enjoy them even if it is berrying; you see she has nowhere else to go
to wear them. The old man has pulled his family up a long way, into
landowners and taxpayers, but he can't do everything. Somebody else
has got to help them to the other things, — a place among people, some-
where to go and have a little change and pleasure and company. The
church can do it, that is if its young people have 'all wool' Christianity, and
not the kind that's all used up by the time it has led prayer-meetings and
dug ice cream out of the freezers at church suppers. I think one of the
church's great chances is to help socially the best of such people as
these Mertons — the ones that are ambitious and eager, and need only
such a little bit of help — but do need a little. There's Flora flagging
us with a dish towel ; that means supper's ready and she hasn't much
patience if we're late, no good cook has."

In the dining-room of the red brick house sat the farmer reading
by the window. He was an old Civil War soldier, gray and stooped,
but still hale and hearty. A man of rare good sense, his invincible
silence and quick, droll look hid the humor of a Sidney Smith and a
true "cor bovinum." Years back, he had rented out most of his farm,
and left the gardening and stock-raising to his ambitious wife and her
competent hired help. He spent his time smoking good tobacco, reading
hugely of fiction and history, driving behind a fast nag, and vibrating
between the endless celebrations of the G. A. R.. Masons, Odd Fellows,
the church, and a half a dozen other fraternal societies. He served
on every town committee that had for its aim the helping of the widows
and orphans in their financial straits, the succoring of the unfortunate,
and the good of the poor, but never could he be induced to take part in
any discipline, reproof or punishment — and, not the least, he was the
best all-round chum the bovs of the town had.

i8o

The bell was rung for the hired boy, and supper was brought in.
The table was characteristic of the people who spread it, the inevitable
cold pork and beans, big slices of bread, hot potato cakes, white light
"raised" biscuits, miniature mill stones of yellow butter, sweating in big
drops of their own salt solution, the regal shortcake flashes of vivid
color in a mist of whipped cream, and the tea, that sainted beverage,
strong enough to float an egg comfortably, and potent to eat the lining
out of the average human stomach. There followed that atmosphere
of the intense personal joy of the good eater who sits at leisure with
his favorite viands at his mercy. "When I came up from the barn I saw a
big auto go tearing down to Merton's and a couple of men get out and go
into the house," said the hired boy as he passed his plate for more short-
cake, he having omitted all lesser victuals from his menu. "Likely some-
body to look at the farm, there's been some parties wanting to buy it,"
said Mrs. Welton, cutting out an immense slice of the shortcake.

Before she had finished the sentence, a quick step crossed the
piazza and a neighbor entered the room with horror in every feature.
A sense of evil seemed to fill the room and some one asked, "What
is it?"

"Old man Merton is dead, killed by an auto," said the woman,
holding to a chair back to quiet her trembling. "It happened this
way : the trolley from New Haven stopped in front of the parsonage
as usual, and a lot of people got off, Mr. Merton among them. A rod
or so in front of the car was Tom Smith's automobile, full of children
he was bringing home from the picnic. Tom stopped his car for the
people to cross over and they all did except Mr. Merton. He stepped
in between the tracks to wait for the auto to go by. Tom had plenty
of room, so he started up at full speed. Just then the old man swung
straight in front of the car. The doctor said he was killed right off,
never knew he was hit. They've taken him to the undertaker's room
up town and he's to be buried from there; he isn't coming home any
more."

"Not coming home any more, and Maggie cooking supper for
him," said Mrs. Welton brokenly. By a common impulse the people
pushed back their plates and got up from the table, the man and his wife
to consult with the neighbor as to how they could help the stricken family ;
the boy to go softly about the last chores, pondering deeply as boys do,
on the suddenness and mystery of the thing called death. The visitor,
having no rightful part in this crisis, slipped out of the house to the
brow of a hill overlooking the two farms.

The sun was almost gone, the purple shadows on the mountains

were turning black, a regiment of white ducks drilled and quacked in
the green grass near the barn, a horse with a wisp of hay in his mouth
stuck his head out of the narrow stable window and gazed wisely
at the landscape, the little chickens chec-cheed as they cuddled down
to sleep, in the distance a dog barked joyfully at his master's home-
coming. Everywhere beauty, rest, peace. Only in the low-roofed, weather-
beaten farm house, sudden fear, deadly pain, dumb despair.

Suddenly, as from the unclosing of a mighty hand, darkness fell
thick and deep, and the day, like the soul of the broken old peasant,
had returned to God who gave it.

Fr.vnces Petty M.\nship, 1912.

182

mmi

Hear it at last — the parting lay

So far off rising, echoes near ;
Comrades, assemble, let a ray

Of bygone sun-beams warm us here.
Farewell, farewell, O scenes so dear I

The parting words to heaven swell :
'Tis human, grieve ; the stealing tear

Becomes our eyes, alas ! too well.

From this day on, our paths diverge,

Comrades, farewell.

II.

Four years ago we paced these halls

With wand'ring steps, with fears concealed ;
A noble aim bugled the call

And our hearts echoed the appeal:
"Join hands, join hands and work and heal

The suff'ring sick." Through toil and strife,
Within these walls, we learned to deal

With sorrow and pain, with human life.
And may the lessons never fail,
Wisdom so rife !

183

III.

Alma Mater, farewell to thee,

Thy stately halls no more shall ring
With our laughter joyous, free.

But once again we assembled sing
Thy pride and glory. Thou didst bring

Our latent powers all to light;
These loyal hearts to thee will cling

For thou hast made their morning bright ;
And now that Fate beckons our leave,
Lead us aright.

IV.

Farewell our benches and our aisles !

Farewell ye steps, ye winding stairs!
Farewell ye "labs" I Time will not file

From our hearts thy charms so fair,
Midst toil and grief and woe and care,

We'll see thy vaults through the eyes of mind.
What happier days await us? Where

Shall equal joys our future find.''
Swift college years, oh, happy years
Just left behind !

Now friend to friend, come, clasp the hand,

Farewell, farewell, "our days" are gone!
When shall we meet? On what fair land

Shall we again sing without a moan?
Oh, let the sacred bond alone

Joining our hearts, when far away,
Be that great treasure we all own,

Love for our glorious Red and Gray!
Thus joined, farewell! On, face the unknown:
Long live this day!!!

D. P. M., 'll.

184

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190

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191

Cotrell & Leonard

Intercollegiate Bureau
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472 BROADWAY

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500 LAND TITLE BUILDING

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W. EDGAR KEITH
Manufacturing Optician

i\ SOUTH EIGHTEENTH ST.
PHILADELPHIA

Heintzelman's Pharmacy

BtUblUbcd 1864

N. College and Ridge Aves.

Philadelphia, Pa.

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199

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OF PENNSYLVANIA

Sixty-First Annual Session

Thorough Course 4 years
Post- Graduate Courses

CLARA MARSHALL, M.D., Dean

Box 600 — 21st Street and North College Avenue

PHILADELPHIA, PA.

193

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Full text of "Scalpel : the 1911 yearbook of the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania"

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