UC-NRUF
261 762
-POX'S ATHLETIC L\SR.
ASE BALL
HOW TO PLAY
THE GAME
JOHN M'GRAW
OFFICIAL
RULES
1913
PRICE I O CENTS
RICHARD K.FOX
PUBLISHING COMPANY
HEW YORK CITY
RICHARD K. FOX
SCIENTIF 1C
BASEBALL
By JOHN J. McGRAW
Manager-Captain of the New York Club
National League
ALSO THE
Official Rules for 1913
AND 'SCHEDULE OF GAMES TO BE PLAYED
FULLY ILLUSTRATED
RICHARD K. FOX' PUBLISH ING COMPANY
FRANKLIN SQUARE, NEW YORK CITY
Copyright 1913
BY RICHARD K. FOX PUBLISHING COMPANY,
CONTENTS.
PAGE.
Schedules for National, American and In tern '1 League Games ior 1913 8
Concern ma Pitchers 15
Ti.e Man Behind the Bat 37
Playing First Base 43
On Second Base 47
The Third Baseman 51
Shortstop 55
At the Bat 57
The Outfielders 63
Rule* 7
Umpires and Their Duties ,. 89
Rules for Post-season Championship G times 100
World's. Championship Series, 1912 104
National League Records, 1912. 105
National League Batting Averages, 1912 106
National League Pitching Averages, 1912.. 107
American League Records, 1912 108
American League Batting Average*, 1912 109
American League Pitching Averages, 1912 , 110
Pacific Coast League Records, 1912 Ill
Pacific Coast League Batting Averages, 1912 112
Pacific Coast League Pitching Averages, 1912 113
266902
INDEX TO ILLUSTRATIONS.
PAGE.
Richard K. Fox 2
John J. McGraw 16
How Ball is Grasped for Start of Fade-away 18
Position of Hand as Kail Leaves it 18
The Drop-curve 20
The Out-curve 20
How to Throw a High Fast Ball 22
Toe Spit Ball 22
The In-curve 24
The Slow Straight Bail 24
Christy Mathpwson 36
Joe Wood : 40
Frank Cbance 44
Ty Cobb 50
SCHEDULES
:OF THE:
National, American and
International Leagues
For 1913
AND THE
OFFICIAL RULES
for Professional Baseball
Adopted by the Joint Playing Rules Committee of the National
and the American Leagues at New York, February 16*1913
BASEBALL SCHEDULE FOR 1913
National League. American League.
Boston at home vs.
Chicago at home vs.
Brooklyn.
April 22, 23, 24, 25. May 29,
30, 30, 31. Oct. 2, 3, 4.
St. Louis.
April 24, 25, 26. 27. June 21,
22, 23, 24, 25. S'ept. 26 27.
New York.
April 17, 18, 19. 19, 21. Mav
24, 26, 27, 28. Sept. 29, 30.
Detroit.
April 21. 22, 23. May 4, 29,
30, 30, 31. June 1. Aug. 30, 31.
Philadelphia.
April 26, 28, 29, 30. June 21,
23, 24. Sept. 4, 5, 6, 8.
Cleveland.
April 17, 18, 19, 20. Mav 24,
~5. June 26, 27, 28, 29. Sept.
28.
Pittsburgh.
May 6, 7, 8, 9. July 12. 14,
15, 16. Aug. 25, 26, 27.
Washington.
May 7. 8, 9. 10. July 20, 21,
22, 23. Aug. 24, 25, 26.
Cincinnati.
May 15, 16, 17, 19. Julv 22,
23, 24. Aug. 16, 18, 19, 20.
Philadelphia.
Mav 11, 12. i:j, 14. July 16.
17. 18, 1'J. Aug. 21, 22, 2:5.
Chicago.
May 20, 21, 22. Julv 17, 18, 19,
21. Aug. 12, 13, 14, 15.
New Y"ork.
Mav 15. 16. 17, 18. July 9,
10, 11. Aug. 14, 15, 16, 17.
St. Louis.
Mav 10, 12, 13, 14. July 8, 9,
10, 11. Aug. 21, 22, 23.
Boston.
Mav 19, 20, 21, 22. Julv 12,
13,* 14, 15. Aug. 18, 19, 20.
Brooklyn at home vs.
St. Louis at home vs.
Boston.
May 1, 2, :{. 5. June 30. July
1, 2, 3. Aug. 28, 29, 30.
Chicago.
April 13, 14, 15. 16. Julv 3,
4, 4. Sept. 4, 5, 6, 7.
New York.
April 26, 28, 29, 30. July 4, 4,
5, 7. Sept. 25, 26, 27.
Detroit.
April 10, 11, 12. May 24, 25,
26, 27, 28. July 5, 6, 7.
Philadelphia.
April 9. 18, 1!). 21. Mav 24, 26,
27, 28. Sept. 1, i, 2.
Cleveland.
April 30. May 1, 2, 3, 4.
June 30; Julv 1, 2. Aug. 29,
30, 31.
Pittsburgh.
May 20, 21, 22, 23. July 17,
IS, 19, 21. Aug. 13, 14, 15.
Washington.
Mav 11, 12, 13. 14. July 16,
17, 18, 19. Aug. 21, 22, 23.
Cincinnati.
May 10, 12, 13, 14. July 8, 9,
10, 11. Aug. 21, 22, 23.
Philadelphia. *
Mav 7, 8, 9, 10. July 20. 21,
22, 23. Aug. 24, 25, 26.
Chicago.
Mav 6, 7, 8, 9. July 12, 14,
New York.
Mav 19, 20, 21, 22. July 12,
15, 16. Aug. 25, 26, 27.
13, 14, 15. Aug. 18, 19, 20.
St. Louis.
Mav 15, 16, 17. 19. July 22,
23, 24. Aug. 16. 18, 19, 20.
Boston.
May 15, 16, 17, 18. July 9,
10, 11. Aug. 14, 15, 16, 17.
BASEBALL SCHEDULE FOR 1913
National League. American League.
New York at home vs.
Detroit at home vs.
Boston.
April 10, 11, 12. June 25. 20,
27, 28. Sept. 1, 1, 2, 3.
Chicago.
April 2!>, 30. May 1, 2, 3.
June 30. July 1, 2. Oct. 3,
4. 5.
Brooklyn.
April 14, 15, 16. June 21, 23,
24. Sept. 4, 5, 6, 8, 24.
St. Louis.
April 17. 18. 19. 20. June 26,
27, 28, 29. Sept. 1, 1, 28.
Philadelphia.
April 22. 23, 24. 25. May 29.
30, 30, 31. Oct. 2, 3, 4.
Cleveland.
April 24, 25, 26. 27, 28. Sept.
6, 7, 26, 27. Oct. 1, 2.
Pittsburgh.
May 15, 16, 17, 19. July 22,
23, 24. Aug. 16, 18, 19, 20.
Washington.
May 15. 16. 17. 18. July 9.
10, 11. Aug. 14, 15, 16, 17.
Cincinnati.
May 6, 7, 8, 9. July 12. 14,
15, 16. Aug. 25, 26, 27.
Philadelphia.
May 19. 20, 21, 22. July 12,
13, 14, 15. Aug. 18, 19, 20.
Chicago.
May 10, 12, 13, 14. July 8. 9,
10, 11. Aug. 21, 22, 23.
New York.
May 7, 8, 9. 10. July 20. 21,
22, 23. Aug. 21, 22, 23.
St, Louis.
Mav 20, 21, 22. 23. July 17. IS,
19, 21. Aug. 13, 14, 15.
Boston.
May 11, 12, 13, 14. July 16,
17, IS, 19. Aug. 24, 25, 26.
Philadelphia at home vs.
Cleveland at home vs.
Boston..
April 14, 15, 16. July 4. 4, 5,
7. Sept. 24, 25, 26, 27.
Chicago.
April 10, 11, 12. May 26. 27,
28. July 5, 6. Sept. 1, 1, 2.
Brooklyn.
April 10, 11. 12. June 2, 25, 26,
27, 28. Sept. 29, 30. Oct. 1.
St. Louis.
April 21, 22, 23. May 29, 30,
30, 31. June 1. Oct. 3, 4, 5.
New York.
May 1, 2, 3, 5. June 30. July
1, 2, 3. Aug. 28, 29, 30.
Detroit.
April 13, 14, 15, 16. June 21,
22. July 3, 4, 4. Sept. 4, 5.
Pittsburgh.
May 10, 12, 13, 14. July 8, 9,
10, 11. Aug. 21, 22, 23.
Washington.
Mav 19. 20, 21, 22. July 12.
13, 14, 15. Aug. 18, 19, 20.
Cincinnati.
Mav 20, 21, 22, 23. July 17,
18, 19, 21. Aug. 13, 14, 15.
Philadelphia.
May 15, 16, 17, 18. July 9,
10, 11. Aug. 14, 15, 16, 17.
Chicago.
May 15, 16, 17, 19. July 22,
23, 24. Aug. 16, 18, 19, 20.
New York
May 11, 12, 13, 14. July 16,
17, 18, 19. Aug. 24, 25, 26.
St. Louis.
May 6, 7, 8, 9. July 12, 14,
15, 16. Aug. 25, 26. 27.
Boston.
Mav 7, 8, 9, 10. July 20, 21,
22, 23. Aug. 21, 22, 23.
BASEBALL SCHEDULE FOR 1913
National League. American League.
Pittsburg at home vs.
Washington at home vs.
Boston.
June 2, 3, 16, 17, 18. 19. Aug.
7, 8, 9. Sept. 15, 16.
Chicago.
June 12. 13, 14, 1(5 Aug. 4,
". <>. 7. Sept. 13, 15, 16.
Brooklvn.
June 9, 10, 11. Julv 30, 31.
An. 1, 2. Sept. 9, 20, 22, 23.
St. Louis.
June 3. 4, 5, 6. Julv 25. 20,
28, 29. Sept. 20, 22, 23.
New York.
June 12. 13. 14, 20. Aug. 4, 5,
<i. Sept. 10, 11, 12, 13.
Detroit.
June 7, 9, 10, 11. July 30, 31.
Aug. 1, 2. Sept. 17, 18, 19.
Philadelphia.
June 4, 5, 6, 7. July 25, 26,
28, 29. Sept. 17, 18, 19.
Cleveland.
June 17, 18, 19. Aug. 8, 9,
11, 12. S'ept. 9, 10, 11, 12.
Cincinnati.
April 17, 18, 19. May 20. 27,
2*. July 7. Sept. 1, 1, 2, 3.
Philadelphia.
April 14, 15, 16. June 2, 25,
26, 27, 28. Sept. 29, 30. Oct.
1.
Chicago.
April 25. 26. May 24, 29, 30.
30, :n. Aug. 29, 30. Sept. 24, 25.
New York.
April 10. 11, 12. June 20, 21,
23, 24., Sept. 4, 5, 6, 8.
Si. Louis.
April :;<>. Mav 1. 2. 3. July
:;. 1. 4. 5. Sept. 4, 5, 6.
Boston.
April 22, 23, 24. 25. Mav 29,
30, 30, 31. Oct. 2, 3, 4.
Cincinnati at home vs.
Philadelphia at home vs.
Boston.
June 12, 13, 14, 15. Aug. 3,
4, 5, 6. Sept. 10, 11, 13.
Chicago.
June 17, 18, 19. Aug. 8, 9,
11, 12. Sept. 9, 10, 11, 12.
Brooklyn.
June 3, 4, 5, 7. July 26, 27,
28. 29. Sept. 17, IS, 19.
St. Louis.
June 7, 9. 10. 11. July 30, 31.
Aug. 1, 2. Sept. 17, IS, 19.
New York.
June 1, 16, 17, 18, 19. Aug.
7. S, n, 10. Sept. 20, 21.
Detroit.
June 3. 4, 5. 6. Julv 25. 26.
28, 29. Sept. 20. 22. 23.
Philadelphia.
June 8. 9. 10, 11. Julv 30,
31. Aug. 1, 2. Sept. 14, 15.
in.
Cleveland.
June 12. 13, 14. 16. Aug. 4.
5. 6, 7. Sept. 13, 15, 16.
Pittsburgh.
April 10, 11, 12. May 4, 25.
June 21, 22, 23, 24. July <;.
Sept. 7.
Washington.
April 26. 2S. 29, 30. Mav 24.
2(5. 27. 2S. Sept. 1. 1,' 2.
Chicago.
April 20. 21. 22, 23. June 25.
26. 27, 28, 29. Sept. 27. 28.
New York.
April 22. 23. 24. 25. Mav 29.
30. 30. 31. Oct. 2. 3. -4.
S't. Louis.
April 13, 14. lf>. 1C. May 21.
June 30. July 1. 2. Aug. 29.
30,- 31.
Boston.
April 17. IS, 19. 21. June 20.
21. 23, 24. S'ept. 4. 5. 6.
BASEBALL SCHEDULE FOR 1913
National League. American League.
Chicago at home vs.
New York at home vs.
Boston
June 4, 5, 6, 7. July 26, 27,
28, 29. Sept. 17, 18, 19.
Chicago.
June 7, 9. 10, 11. July 30, 31.
Aug. 1, 2. Sept. 17, 18, 19.
Brooklyn.
June 12 13, 14, 15. Aug. 3,
4, 5, G. Sept. 10, 11, 13.
St. Louis.
June 17, 18, 19. Aug. S, 9.
11, 12. Sept. 9, 10, 11, 12.
New York.
June S, 9, 10, 11. July 30, 31.
Aug. 1, 2. Sept. 14, 15, 16.
Detroit.
June 12, 13, 14, 10. Aug. 4.
5, 6, 7. Sept. 13, 15, 16.
Philadelphia.
Juno 16, 17, 18, 19. Aug. 7,
8, 9, 10. Sept. 20, 21, 22.
Cleveland.
June 3. 4, 5, 6. July 25, 20,
28, 29. Sept. 20, 22, 23.
Pittsburgh
April 13, 14, 15. April 27,
28. June 30. July 1, 2.
Aug. 31. Oct. 4, 5.
Washington.
April 17, 18, 19, 21. Julv 4,
4, 5, 7. Sept. 25, 26, 27. '
Cincinnati.
r April 29, 30. Mav 1, 2, 3.
July 3, 4, 4, 5. Sept. 5, 6.
Philadelphia.
May 1, 2, 3, 5. June 30. July
1, 2, 3. Aug. 28, 29, 30.
St. Louis.
April 10, 11, 12. May 4, 25,
20, 27. July 6. Sept. 7, 8, 9.
Boston.
April 26, 28, 29, 30. May 24,
26, 27, 28. Sept. 29, 30. Oct. 1.
St. Louis at home vs.
Boston at home vs.
Boston.
June 8, 9, 10, 11. July 30,
31. Aug. 1, 2. Sept. 20, 21,
22.
Chicago.
June 3, . 4, 5, 6. July 25, 26,
28, 29. Sept. 20, 22, 23.
Brooklyn.
June 16, J7, 18, 19. Aug. 7,
8, 9, 10. Sept. 14, 15, 16.
St. Louis.
June 12, 13, 14, 16. Aug. 4,
5, 6, 7. Sept. 13, 15, 16.
New York.
June 3. 4, 5, 7. July 26, 27,
28, 29. Sept. 17, 18, 19.
Detroit.
June 17, 17, 18, 19. Aug. 8,
9, 11. Sept. 9, 10, 11, 12.
Philadelphia.
June 12, 13, 14, 15. Aug. 3,
4, 5, 6. Sept. 10, 11, 13.
Cleveland.
June 7, 9, 10, 11. Julv 30,.
31. Aug. 1, 2. Sept. 17, 18,'
19.
Pittsburgh.
April 20, 21, 22, 23. June 25.
26, 27, 28, 29. Sept. 27, 28.
Washington.
Mav 1, 2, 3, 5. June 30. Julv.
1, 2, 3. Aug. 28, 29, 30.
Cincinnati.
April 24, 25, 26, 27, 28. May
29, 30, 30, 31. Oct. 4, 5.
Philadelphia.
April 10, 11, 12. Julv 4, 4,
5, 7. Sept. 24, 25, 26, 27.
Chicago.
April 17, 18, 19. June 1, 20,
2], 22, 23. Sept. 1, 1, 2.
New York.
April 14, 15, 16. June 25, 26,
27, 28. Sept. 1, 1, 2, 3.
BASEBALL SCHEDULE FOR 1913
International League.
Toronto at home vs.
Buffalo at home vs.
Montreal.
June 9, 10, 11. 11. Jnlv 10,
11, 12, 12. Sept. 8. 9, 10.
Toronto.
Mav 29, 30. 30. 31. Julv .".
7, 8, 9. Sept. 1, 1, 2.
Buffalo.
June 5. 0. 7. 7. June 30. Julv
1, 1, 2. Sept. 11, 12, 13. '
Montreal.
July 3, 4, 4. Sept. 3. 4. 5, 0,
18, 19, 20, 20.
Rochester.
Tune 2, 3, 4, 4. July 17, 18,
19, 19. Sept. 15, *16, 17.
Rochester.
May 26, 27, 2S June 12. 13.
14, 14. July 14, 15. 15, 16.
Baltimore.
May 15, 16, 17, 19. July 21,
22, 23, 24. Aug. 28, 29, 30.
Baltimore.
May 10, 12, 12. 13. 14. Aug.
2, 2, 4. 25, 26, 27.
Providence.
MMV 21, 22, 24, 24. July 29,
30. 31. Aug. 1, 21, 22, 23.
Providence.
Mav 15, 10. 17. 19. Jnlv 25.
26, 26, 28. Aug. 18. 19, 20.
Newark.
May 0. 7, 8, 9. July 25. 2G,
2G, 28. Aug. 18, 19. 2n.
Newark.
May 20, 21, 22. 24. July 21.
22, 23, 24. Aug. 28, 29.' 3d.
Jersey City.
M:iv 10, 12, 13, 14. Aug. 2,
2'. 4. 4. Aug. 25. 20. 27.
Jersev Citv.
May 6, 7, 8, 9. July 29. 30,
31. Aug. 1, 21, 22, 23.
Montreal at home vs.
Rochester at home vs.
Toronto.
M.-iv 2.",, 20. 27, 28. June 12,
13, 14. July 13, 14, 15, 10.
Toronto,
Jlllv 3. 4. 4. -Sept. 3. 4. 5.
6, IS. 19. 20. 20.
Buffalo.
June 1, 2, 3, 4. July 17, 18,
19. 20. Sept. 15, 1C, 17.
Montreal.
May 29. 30, 30, 31. July 5,
7, 8, 9. S'ept. 1, 1. 2.
Rochester.
June 5, 6, 7. 8. June 30. July
1, 1, 2. Sept. 12, 13, 14.
Buffalo
June 9. 10, 10, 11. Julv 10.
11, 12, 12. Sept. 8, 9, 10.
Baltimore.
May 21 22, 24. 24. July 25.
IK'.. 27. 2S. Aug. 18, 19, 20.
Baltimore.
May 0, 7. S. 9. Julv 29. 30,
31. Aug. 1, 21, 22, 23.
Providence.
May 0. 7, 8. 9. Aug. 2, 3.
4, 4. Aug. 25, 20. 27.
Providence.
May 10, 12. i:;. 14. Julv 21.
22, 23. 24. Aug. 28, 29, 30.
Newark.
May 10, 11, 13. 14. July 29.
30, 31. Aug. 1, 22, 23. 24.
Newark.
Mav 15. 10. 17. 17. 19. Aug.
2, 2, 25, 25, 26, 27.
Jersev Citv.
May 16, 17, 18, 19. July 21,
22, 23, 24. Aug. 29. 30. 31.
Jersey City.
Mav 20, 21, 22. 24. Julv 25.
20. 20. 28. Aug. 18, 19. 2O.
BASEBALL SCHEDULE FOR 1913
International League.
Baltimore at home vs.
Newark at home vs.
Toronto.
April 30. May 1, 2, 3, 3. June
27, 28, 28. Aug. 5, G, 7.
Toronto.
April 1C, 17, 18. 19. June 15,
16, 17, 18. Aug. 15, 10, 17.
Montreal.
April 21, 22, 23, 24. June 10,
20, 21. Aug. 11, 12, 13, 14.
Montreal.
April 25, 20, 27. 2S. June 23.
24, 25, 20. Aug. 8, !). Id.
Buffalo.
April 25, 20, 28, 29. June 23,
24, 25, 20. Aug. 15, 16, 10.
Buffalo.
April 20, 22, 23, 24. June 19,
20, 21, 22. Aug. 5, 6, 7.
Rochester.
April 30. May 1, 3, 4, 18.
June 28, 29. Aug. 3, 12, 13,
14.
Rochester.
April 1C, 17, 18. 19. June 10,
17, 17, 18. Aug. 8, 9, 9.
Providence.
June 0, 7, 7 July 3, 4 4,
Baltimore.
May 25. June 8, 9, 10, 11.
July 13, 14, 15. Sept. 8, 9,
10.
5. Sept. 11, 12, 12, 13.
Newark.
May 20, 27, 28, 29. June 30.
July 1, 2. Sept. 1, 1, 2, 3.
Providence.
June 12, 13, 14. July 17, 18,
19, 20. Aug. 31. Sept. 15,
16, 17.
Jersey City.
June 2, 3, 4. 5. July 10, 11,
12, 12. Sept. 4, '5, 0.
Jersey City.
M-iy 5, 30 (a'.m.), 31. June 1.
July 4 (p.m.), 7, 8, 9.
Sept. 12. 20. 21.
Providence at home vs.
Jersey City at home vs.
Toronto.
April 25, 27, 28. June 23, 24,
25. 20. Aug. 8, 9, 10.
Toronto.
April 20. 22, 23, 24. June 19,
20, 21. 22. Aug. 12, 13, 14.
Montreal.
April 10, 17, 18, 19. June 15.
16, 17, 18. Aug. 15, 16, 17.
Montreal.
April 30. May 1, 3, 4. June
27, 28, 29, 29. Aug. 5, 6. 7.
Buffalo.
April 30. Mav 1, 3 4. June
27, 28, 29. Aug. 11, 12, 13, 14.
Buffalo.
April 10, 17, 18, 19. June 15,
10, 17, 18. Aug. 8, 9, 10.
Rochester.
April 20, 22, 23. 24. June 19,
20, 21, 22. Aug. 5. 0, 7.
Rochester.
April 25. 20, 27, 28. June 23,
24, 25, 20. Aug. 15, 16, 17.
Baltimore.
May 30, 30, 31. Juno 1. July
0, 7, 8, 9. Sept. 19, 20, 21.
Baltimore.
June 12, 13, 14. July 17, 18,
19, 20. Sept. 7, 15,* 10, 17.
Newark.
June 2, 3, 4, 5. July 10, 11,
12. Sept. 4, 5, 0, 7.
Providence.
June 8, 9, 1O, 11. July 13. 14.
15, 16. Sept. 8, 9, 10.
Newark.
April 29. May 30 (p.m.). June
0, 7. July 3, 4 (a.m.), 5.
0. Sept. 13, 14, 19.
Jersey City.
May 25. 20, 27, 28.' June 30.
July 1, 2. 'Sept. 1, 1, 2, 3.
OFFICIAL DIAGRAM OF A
BASEBALL FIELD.
E
1!
64J
o
For further information see Rules from
No. 2 to No. 12.
CONCERNING PITCHERS
Christy Matthewson, who is probably the
most successful pitcher in the business, is a
man who all young fellows in the game might
well follow, for he has mastered the science of
the game from the pitcher's standpoint. Here
is something he has said that will be of great
interest to the baseball student. Read it over
many times and then practice until you have
attained perfection. That's the only way.
The value of a pitcher is almost invariably
measured by his ability to change his pace or
mix up the style of ball he is capable of de-
livering. Unless he can mix them up pretty
well he is of little use against a clever team.
Of the various balls used by latter day
pitchers the fast ball, which may have an in-
ward shoot, outward shoot or upward shoot at
the end of it, comes first. All pitchers must
be able to use this ball with more or less suc-
cess. Then comes the absolutely slow ball,
which does not curve or revolve ; .the drop
curve, one of the most popular curves of the
day; the out curve, which is very seldom used
' ifc' IB
JOHN j. MCQBAW.
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL
in the big leagues; the raise ball, an under-
hand curve, used with very little success by
any one except McGinnity; the fall away, or
fade away, which I have used with greater
effectiveness than any other pitcher, and the
spit ball, a style of delivery the science of
which cannot be explained and one very diffi-
cult to control.
For two or three years I relied almost en-
tirely upon the drop curve, fast ball and fall
away, and these I shall explain fully, as I be-
lieve they are the most useful to pitchers
under the present system of playing the national
game.
In the first place, it takes a good physical
specimen of manhood to make a successful
twirler. Knotted muscles, however, are not
an essential to a great pitcher, as the ball is
propelled mainly by a swing of the body and
the bulk of the power is derived from the back
and shoulders, the arm acting as a whipcord
to snap the ball. In fact, the more a pitcher
can learn to get the power from his body the
more he will save his arm and the longer he
will be able to do himself justice in the box.
I attribute a great deal of my success to my
ability to get most of the propelling force from
the swing of the body.
When mastered there is no more successful
HOW BALL IS GRASPED FOB START OF FADE-AWAY.
POSITION OF HAND AS BALL LEAVES IT.
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 19
ball than the drop, or drop curve. It is a ball
that can be made to break very abruptly or a
gradual break can be put to it. When it breaks
quickly the batter invariably hits over it and
misses it entirely. It is the ball I usually rely
upon when there is a man on third base and
no one out.
To deliver this ball the arms must be thrown
high above the head. As the pitching arm
rapidly descends straight forward the arm is
turned slightly outward, and when the arm is
horizontal the hand is turned slightly outward
and the snap, a hard one, is given by the wrist,
and the greater the snap the faster will be the
curve.
In holding the ball the first two fingers are
above it and the thumb below. The ball is
held rather loosely. When the twist or snap
of the wrist takes place at the moment of de-
livery the hand tnrns so that the thumb is on
top of the ball and the first two fingers below
it. A full arm swing is used. The body is
bent far forward so that all the weight of the
body is behind the ball, and as the arm de-
scends with a mighty swing the weight of the
body is shifted from the right foot to the left.
Under no circumstances use moisture when
delivering this great puzzler to batsmen. On
leaving the hand the ball travels in a straight
HOLD THE BALL LIKE THIS FOR A DROP CURVE.
HOW TO START THE OUT-CURVE.
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL
line until just before it reaches the plate,
when it breaks sharply downward in front of
the batter.
As can be well guessed such a ball is a great
strain on the muscles of the arm when de-
livered with all the power a pitcher possesses.
Like all curves the ball can be used at varying
speeds. When men are not on bases it is a
fine ball to pitch if it is desired to make the
batter send out a grounder that can be easily
fielded. In fact any curve can be used fast or
slow with this purpose in view.
By not bringing the ball quite so high above
the shoulder when starting to make the throw
an outdrop can be attained. I seldom consider
it necessary, however, to try the outdrop. It
has less space in which to be called a fair ball
when passing over the plate, and is therefore
more risky. The regular drop curve has all
the space between the batter's shoulders and
knees to make the batter score a strike, while
the outcurve has but the width of the plate.
When delivering this or any other curve the
position of the feet is important. It comes
natural to most of us, but if a pitcher begins
wrong it is apt to injure his effectiveness.
The feet should be about eighteen inches
apart, with the toes squarely to the front when
the pitcher is swinging his arms preparatory
HOW TO THROW A HIGH FAST BALL.
JIOW TO TiiKOW SPIT BALL.
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL
to delivering the ball. Then as the arms are
outstretched overhead a long stride forward
should be taken with the left foot. As the ball
leaves the hand the right foot is pulled off the
ground and all the weight of the body is on
the left foot. As soon as the ball is delivered
the feet are again placed side by side about
eighteen inches apart, and in this position the
pitcher is in a good position to handle a sharp
hit or to start quickly after a bunt. *
The hardest thing about the drop curve for
a novice to learn is to not make the ball break
too quickly. It is the correct twist of the
wrist that accomplishes the desired result, so
the twist requires the most study.
The beginner had better refrain from at
tempting any speed, as there is no ball that
will create such havoc with the arm if used
indiscreetly.
No pitcher with a good assortment of curves
should be required to play in more than two
games a week. A great amount of tissue is
broken down in the arm that does the work,
and it takes a lot of time to rebuild it.
The fall away, or fade away, ball is the most
effective style of throwing a baseball that I
have yet discovered.
So far as I know, I am the only pitcher in
League baseball to-day that habitually vises
SENDING IN AN IN-CURVE.
THE DECEPTIVE BLOW STRAIGHT BALL.
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL
this method of pitching. There was a twirler
a few years ago who had some success with it,
but he is no longer in the game. It took me
considerable time to master it with any degree
of perfection, but it came more or less natural
to me. To others it seems to be a very hard
ball to master. I have tried to teach it to
several players, but none of them ever suc-
ceeded in getting it down well enough to
make practical use of it in a game.
Even after they have grasped the idea and
know fairly well how to send it across the
plate, they lack the confidence to use it in a
contest. Two pitchers that I could mention
have been trying to add it to their accom-
plishments for two years, and they are now
about ready to give it up. For this reason I
believe the fade away is the ball that comes
most natural to my own particular build of
muscle, or perhaps I am a poor coach.
I regard the fade away as my most effective
ball. I use it in every game, and it has never
failed me in recent years when my control was
in working order. It is the ball that has won
for me all my honors in baseball, and I regard
it as the best and most deceptive style of de-
livery that a pitcher could possess.
After a few drop curves and fast balls have
been used there is no better ball than the fade
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL
away for a change of pace. It is really an
exceptionally slow ball, and it serves to relieve
the strain on the pitcher as well as to puzzle
batsmen. A simple definition for the fall
away is that it is a ball 'that curves out from a
left-handed batter when it is pitched by a
right-handed pitcher.
In starting the fade away a pitcher goes
through practically the same motions that he
uses for a fast drop curve. The ball is also
held in the same way as for the drop curve,
and these two things serve to mystify the man
at the bat at the very start. The ball is held
very loosely at the tips of the fingers, the first
two fingers being above the ball and the thumb
below it. The arms are thrown high above
the head, as for the drop curve, but when the
pitching arm begins to start the horsehide on
its way the arm is brought out from the side
of the body and raised to an angle of about 45
degrees. This motion is gone through so
quickly, however, that it is practically impos-
sible for the batsman to detect the fact that he
is going to get something very different from
a drop curve. In the drop curve the arm de-
scends straight down in front, but in the fade
away the motion of the arm from its position
at an angle of 45 degrees is a small outward
swing. When the arm gets in front of the
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL
pitcher just about on the level with his chin
the hand is given a sharp twist inward, or to
the left, which brings the back of the hand on
top, and the loosely held ball, which is revolv-
ing from the rapid action of the arm, slips out
sideways or off the second finger. At the same
time there is a rotary motion given to the hand.
When the ball leaves the hand the arm is so
twisted that the palm of the hand faces out-
ward.
The ball sails through the air at a deceptive
gait until it gets about six feet from the bats-
man, where it begins to curve both outward
and downward. It is the rotary motion of the
hand just before the ball is let go that imparts
the outward curve to the ball. As the ball
passes the batsman it is revolving at a great
rate, and its course, as I've said, is both out-
ward and downward.
It can be easily imagined that such a ball is
calculated to deceive the greatest wielder of a
bat that ever strode the diamond. He is de-
ceived at the start as to the speed of the ball.
As it rushes towards him it looks like a fast
high ball ; six feet away from him, when it
begins to drop, it has the appearance of a slow
drop ball, and then .as he swings at it it is
travelling in two directions at once.
Another good feature of the fade away is
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL
that it can be delivered fast as well as slow,
although it never attains the speed of what we
baseball players call the fast ball.
The ball often puzzles umpires, but when
rightly placed it is invariably called a strike.
The reason for this is that the ball has a good
big target in which to score a strike. The
diagonal break gives it about two feet of travel
across the plate.
Another thing that increases its effective-
ness is its tremendous curve. In rising it I
generally lure the batsman into the idea that
he is about to receive a fast ball of some sort.
He prepares to meet such a ball, and is there-
fore wide of the mark when he strikes at a
sphere with a two-foot curve on it. It is par-
ticularly effective against left-handed batters,
for if they meet it at all they will catch it on
the end of the bat and either score a little pop
fly or make a weak, dribbling hit toward the
pitcher or third base.
Right-handed batters are puzzled just as
much by it, and I never hesitate to use it at
any time. Many batsmen have a pretty good
idea of the direction it will take when they
guess what is coming, but they also know how
hard it is to connect with and this lessens their
confidence in their own skill.
I invariably use the ball when two men are
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL
on bases, and the opposing batsmen know it.
The knowledge, however, does them little
good, the ball being so hard to hit.
No pitcher can be very effective in the box
without having a fast ball at his command ;
and it is, in fact, the ball that amateurs who
aspire to be professionals should thoroughly
master before perfecting their control of any
other mode of pitching.
If a pitcher depended entirely on slow balls
and curves, he would weaken his effectiveness
at least twenty-five per cent. The opposing
batsmen would soon learn to anticipate what
was coming, and base hits would be made with
bewildering frequency.
A fast ball may travel as straight as a sur-
veyor's tape into the glove of the catcher, but
the most effective way to vise it is to make it
shoot in one of several directions. If delivered
by a straight overhand movement, and with
great force, it may sometimes jump upward,
perhaps only an inch, but that may be enough
of a jump to make the batsman hit under it or
hit it so that it goes straight up in the air,
where the catcher or pitcher can easily secure
it when it descends.
If delivered by a side arm snap, or, in other
words, with the arm horizontal to the ground,
it may shoot in toward the handle of a right-
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL
handed batter. Some amateurs have been
wont to call this shoot an incurve. It is not a
curve, but a distinct shoot. At other times it
may shoot in exactly the opposite direction;
and, in fact, there is no telling what a fast ball
will do.
It therefore can be easily conceived that the
fast ball is a very wicked ball ; and, in the
hands of a pitcher with an attack of wildness,
a very dangerous one. Pitchers often hit
batsmen when using the fast ball, even when
they have perfect control, for the ball is liable
to take an unusually big shoot at any time. It
is a ball calculated to rattle the man at the bat,
for it is impossible for him to guess which way
an extremely fast ball will jump when de-
livered overhand.
In many respects it is a simple sort of de-
livery to learn. The ball is clutched in the
same way as the fade away and drop curve
balls ; that is to say, it is held by the two first
fingers and the thumb, the latter being beneath
the ball. There is one important exception,
however. When delivering the drop curve
and fade away, the ball is clasped so loosely
that it moves about in the hand, while when
the fast ball is desired the sphere is pressed
tightly against the thumb.
This pressure prevents the ball making a
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL
curve. When the ball is started on its way
with the overhand swing, the whole body must
go behind the ball, and no sudden jerk should
be given to the arm. Neither is there any
snap of the wrist when the ball leaves the
hand , When the ball starts for the plate the
wrist is exactly on a level with the rest of the
arm, which is extended out as straight as pos-
sible horizontally to the ground. The ball
leaves the hand at terrific speed and travels
straight as a die. When it is about three feet
from the batter it may shoot for six inches or
more, either outward or inward.
When the ball is rightly delivered the speed
is so great that the time is too short for a bats- '
man's eye to judge it. He is compelled to
either strike at random or step back out of
harm's way.
When using the fast ball it is essential to
take care that 110 jerk of the arm or snap of
the wrist occurs. The tremendous power put
in the swing is apt to lead to a strain if the
motion of the arm be not as smooth as pos-
sible. The slightest jerk of the arm is apt to
cause it to ache for some time.
Control is, of course, the most important
feature of the fast ball. When a pitcher has
good control of it, it will be as useful against a
clever team as any ball he could employ. If a
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL
pitcher knows that a batsman hits weakly at a
high ball, he must have the control to send
the ball across the plate exactly at the height
of the batter's shoulders, so that if an attempt
is made to bat the ball it will be a strike.
Some batsmen are very weak at hitting low
balls when they pass over either the inside
edge or the outside edge of the plate, and
these men are easily struck out by a pitcher
having perfect control of the fast ball.
A good ball to use in connection with the
fast ball is what is known in the profession as
the slow ball, also known as the palm ball.
This is thrown with exactly the same motion
as the fast ball, and is therefore a gay deceiver
to all but exceptionally clever batsmen. When .
a pitcher desires to use the palm ball he places
the horsehide in the palm of his hand and
makes the same swing as for the fast ball ; .
that is, bringing the arm well back over the
head, and then straight forward at full length,
but puts very little effort in the delivery. The
slow ball has no curve, and very often does not
revolve when on its way to the plate.
It is this ball that is often described as look-
ing "big as a house" when approaching the
batsman. In fact, some sharp-eyed batters
say that they can see the seam when the slow
ball is used. It is a great ball to use when
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL
you are sure that the fellow with the willow
in his hands is expecting something speedy.
A great deal has been written about the spit
ball, and it is doubtless a very useful thing to
those who have mastered it. I took the
trouble to master this ball, and, like many
other pitchers, I have had some success
with it. I do not use it very often, for
the reason that I am more successful with
the other styles of delivery I have described
in these articles. The spit ball is delivered
in about the same manner as the fast
ball, and it has a little more speed than the
slow or palmed ball. It is not a curve,
but makes an abrupt shoot downward when
within two or three feet of the plate. It does
not revolve when on its way to the batsman.
Just why it takes that abrupt drop even the
scientists who take an interest in baseball
have been tinable to explain. The ball gets
its undignified name from the fact that the
first two fingers are thoroughly moistened
with saliva, so that the ball glides over them
without revolving.
I might say in conclusion that it takes care-
ful living and careful training to remain a
first-class pitcher. A man may train con-
scientiously, yet fail to maintain his prestige
in the pitcher's box, owing to a lack of knowl-
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL
edge of the art of taking care of his salary
wing, as ball players put it. I inake it a point
to give my arin a thorough rest several
months each year, and I have found that this
proves the wisest thing to do in the end.
CHRISTY MATTHEWS
[THE SPIT BALL.]
The spit ball, which is probably the most de-
ceptive ball that a batter ever struck at, is
thrown at medium speed. If thrown fast it
loses its effect. It must be carefully judged,
for if it is too slow it will break too soon and
probably hit the ground before it reaches the
catcher
To throw a spit ball wet the first and second
fingers, so it will slip away instead of rolling
away. With the latter movement the curve
is sharp, but with the former it is sudden and
sometimes startling.
It will be found difficult at first to control
the ball, and the beginner is apt to be dis-
couraged because of his wild throws.
Bear in mind one thing: In ordinary and
curve pitching the ball leaves the thumb first
and the fingers last ; with the spit ball this is
reversed, and the thumb is made to control
the ball instead of the fingers.
The wetting of the two fingers is only for
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 35
the purpose of allowing the ball to slip away
from them easily.
Very little rotary motion is imparted to the
spit ball. It comes up big and slow and the
batter can almost see the seams. Just as he
draws back to hit the ball seems to receive
new impetus and drops or jumps as if struck
down from behind. If the batter hits where
he aimed he misses it probably a foot.
That is what has caused so many former
heavy hitters to become disheartened and de-
clare that nowadays, the batter is lucky if he
hits .250 on the season. It certainly has cut
down the hitting so much in one season that
already a change in the rules is contemplated.
Unlike an ordinary curved ball, the pitcher
cannot be certain of the side direction the ball
will take as it breaks downward. The perfect
spit ball drops from the batter's hips to his
knees or below in perhaps two feet of forward
motion.
The side breaks are determined by the
manner in which the ball leaves the pitcher's
hand. If the hand is turned with the arm
facing down and to one side the break at the
plate will be different than if the ball left the
hand with the palm not turned over so far.
There are a great many angles to deliver the
ball from, and different arm motions, but they
must be studied out.
CKBISTY MATHEWSON, THE PHENOMENAL PITCHER.
THE MAN BEHIND THE BAT.
With pitchers studying out new and puzzling
curves, throwing first fast and then slow, with
drops, in-shoots, out-shoots, and rising balls, the
position of catcher becomes trebly important,
and his work increased accordingly. He must
have a quick eye, strong hands, "and good nerve,
for all three are necessary to good play in that
particular position.
Even in the most favorable light, the 'position
is not an easy one, and it is always in the danger
zone.
Many a good catcher has pulled his team out
of a hole at a critical moment, and has helped the
pitcher to steady himself. The catcher is the
man who is practically in control of the field,
because his position faces every player, and, con-
sequently, not a move should escape him. By a
system of signals he can notify the pitcher of
every move made by the base runner, and when
and where to throw a ball to catch a man napping.
A long reach is almost indispensable for a
catcher, for by its means he will be the better
enabled to handle wild pitches which come his
way.
38 SCICIiCC Of BASEBALL.
A catcher who can hold the balls, no matter
how fast or erratic they come, is bound to in-
spire a pitcher with confidence, to say nothing of
the good effect his work will have upon the rest
of the team.
A catcher with weight is bound to have a great
advantage over a lighter man, because with nerve
and pounds he will be better enabled to block a
base runner who is willing to take all kinds of
chances. He is bound to have nerve, anyhow, if
he expects to be successful behind the brt, be-
cause it is a great strain to be compelled to face
the rapid-fire work of a good pitcher, watch the
field, look after fouls, and protect the home plate.
The catcher should never weaken in his work.
If he is up against a fast, strong pitcher, he must
take the balls as they come, and* not be afraid of
them.
For this the best thing is practice, and keep
at it. His hands should never be allowed to grow
soft. The good catcher will let nothing go past
him ; he must be able to throw accurately, and he
must have a brain that acts quickly. He must
watch the bashes closely and head off a runner.
Many a game has been lost by the wild throw
of a catcher who wasn't well up in the game ; and
there is no position on the team that calls'.. for
harder work.
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 39
He must be thoroughly familiar with signals,
and be able to use them in such a manner that
they will not be learned by any of the opposing
players.
There is style in catching, just as there is style
in anything else. There is a way to stand and a
place to stand, as well as a way to throw.
In standing, the body should be bent well for-
ward from the hips, with the knees straight, or
almost so. The object is to assume such a posi-
tion that the ball can be readily handled at any
point from the ground up.
Don't crouch, but assume an easy position.
Don't make any more work than is necessary,
as energy is a good thing to take care of.
Keep your feet fairly close together never
more than 12 inches apart and always be pre-
pared for a quick throw. Bear in mind that the
catcher must be prepared for every kind of an
emergency, and he must be in form to make a long
throw, stop a low ball, a high ball, or get to a foul
at an instant's notice.
The catcher and the pitcher should thoroughly
understand each other, and after the signal the
hands should be held in such a position that the
batter will not have any reason to suspect which
kind of a ball is coming at the next throw; so
never give any of the opposing team any advan-
tage in that direction.
JOE WOOD.
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL
The position of the catcher can always be
changed when the pitcher is ready to deliver the
ball, and he can then prepare himself to hold it.
Too much importance cannot be placed upon
throwing accurately and promptly to the bases,
and here again is where practice will make the
good player. One of the best catchers in the
business has this to say:
"When about to catch a ball which is to be
immediately thrown, be in a position to receive
the ball on the right side; take one short step
with the left foot, and in throwing, send the ball
straight from the shoulder without drawing the
arm too far back."
There isn't a great lot of speed in a ball of
that character, but there is less time spent in start-
ing it on the way, and that more than equalizes
matters.
In making long throws the ball should be sent
overhand, but in throwing to first and third bases
the snap throw will be found to be best.
Don't catch with a stiff arm, as it is liable to
injure the hands. Relax the muscles and let the
hands give with the ball. Don't meet it with a
jolt and increase the strain.
The good catcher will be careful to keep his
hands in good condition, and take no chances of
having them crippled.
Now a word as to foul flies.
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL
It looks easy from the outfield or grand stand
for a catcher to get under a foul, but it takes a
quick, alert player to handle them successfully.
They are usually hit behind him, and it is some-
times very confusing to have to turn around too
quickly. But here is where practice comes in
again, and it doesn't do any harm to practice on
fouls.
There have been many arguments as to where
a catcher should stand when guarding the home
plate, and there is a considerable difference of
opinion on this point. Some stand a couple of feet,
back of the line and near the plate, contending
that this makes it impossible for the runner to
slide around them. But the majority seem to
concede that the proper position is in front of
the plate and about two feet toward third base.
Courage is most essential in a catcher's makeup,
and he must be quick to think and quick to act.
PLAYING FIRST BASE.
There was a time, years ago, when the posi-
tion of first baseman was not nearly so important
as it is to-day, and so the man who defends that
bag must be a particularly alert player. This may
be more readily understood when the fact is
stated that a large percentage of the balls thrown
go to this point. With more than one man on
bases his place is liable to be a critical one.
It is considered good policy to cut off a player
at third instead of the man who has just been at
the bat, and who is trying to reach first, but
the play should be made quickly. There are
plenty of opportunities to make a double play, but
many times they end in disaster, and allow the
man on second base to g*et to third. So remem-
ber the old rule that one out is better than none
out.
Watch the man at the bat.
When the bases are vacant play well into the
field, in order to get hits that would otherwise
be safe, and depend upon the pitcher to cover the
base. In the event of fielding the ball at a short
PBANK CHANCK
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 45
distance from the base, if the pitcher is covering
it don't make the mistake of a swift overhand
throw, which is liable to be muffed.
In case the base is occupied, watch the batter
closely, and if he bunts the ball toward first, run
in and get it and throw it to second, on the chance
that it may be returned promptly enough to head
off the man who is trying to make first.
Too much importance cannot be attached to this
play, which has been adopted by all good first
basemen.
But don't hurry.
Take your time, and make your throw accurate,
and then get to your base, where you will be ready
to receive the return throw.
But before you throw, be sure that you will
head the runner off. Make a sure-thing play of
it, and if there should be any doubt about it, bear
in mind that you can at least put out the batter.
One of the most essential qualifications of a
man playing first is his ability to successfully han-
dle low balls, and a good clean pick up has re-
tired many a runner at this point.
A long reach is a good thing for any ball player
to have, no matter in what position he plays, and
its advantages in handling wild throws is self-
evident. It is sometimes a difficult matter for a
fielder to gauge a long throw, and the best posi-
tion is to stand with both feet in front of the
46 SCIENCE OP BASEBALL.
base, so that the position may be readily changed
from one side to the other, according as the ball
may come.
Foul flies come within the province of the first
baseman, and in order to handle them he must be
a speedy sprinter and always on the alert.
And, finally, go after the ball never wait for
it to come to you.
Above all, don't stand behind your base when
you expect to be in the play, because there is a
good chance that the ball will reach you at the
same time the runner arrives at the base, and he
will be safe.
Go forward to meet the ball, if possible, and.
be where you can command control of the bag.
ON SECOND BASE.
It requires a cool head for second base, as well
as a thorough familiarity with the signals, and
many a man holding down second has brought
disaster to his side by going up in the air at a
critical moment.
Assuming that the first and third bases are oc-
cupied, and that the man on first is trying to steal
to second, the man on second will give the signal
to the catcher for a long throw, while the short
stop will back him up.
Then, if the man on third attempts to score,
a wide-awake second baseman will return the ball
to the home plate and cut him off.
Then, assuming that the man on third does not
try to score, the second baseman will allow the
ball to go to the short stop, who has temporarily
covered the base, and put out the runner from
first to second.
This is more or less of a trick play, when made
under these circumstances, in order to induce the
runner on third base to attempt to score.
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL
This play has caused more criticism among the
experts than any other on the diamond, but it is
given here in the way it is played by those second
basemen who rank as stars.
Quick judgment is absolutely necessary to this
position, for with a runner on first, and the ball
hit out to near him, a man hasn't got a great while
to think what to do. Here is his chance for a
double play, which he ought readily to make, if
he keeps his head. But this, of course, with the
understanding that no one, .or perhaps one man,
is out.
The proper place to stand is just inside of the
line, two or three feet from the base, unless, of
course, the runner happens to be a diver or a
slider, when it is advisable to play behind the
line.
The object of playing inside the line is to be
nearer the ball on a short throw from the catcher,
and gathering in a grounder quickly.
A great many flies come to the second baseman's
territory, and many of them are extremely diffi-
cult to handle. He may have to go to center or
right field, or he may have to run in almost to
the pitcher. In cases of this kind there is always
the chance of two men, both after the same ball,
colliding. To avoid this, if he is reasonably sure
of getting the fly, he should shout :
"I'll take it!"
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL. 19
No reply is necessary to this, as the other player
assumes that everything is all right.
And then, on the other hand, unless this is done,
both players may stop running for the ball, each
one assuming that the other will take it, and both
will miss it.
Many an easy fly has proved a safe hit because
of a misunderstanding between players in the
field.
A little practice and experience will soon prove
to a player whether he can get the ball or
not, and if his colleague has the better chance,
he should' allow him by all means to take the
ball.
Don't try for a grand stand play at the expense
of the game.
Don't call out that you will take the ball un-
less it is almost a certainty that you can take it.
TY COBB.
THE THIRD BASEMAN.
The third baseman is right in line with some
of the hardest hits, which it takes no little amount
of nerve and courage to face.
Besides this, he occupies what is considered by
many experts one of the most difficult positions
on the diamond.
When a runner is on third base, the temptation
to steal home is very great, and here is where the
third baseman's alertness comes into play. With
one run needed to win, or tie the score, his posi-
tion is indeed a trying one, and it frequently hap-
pens that the game is in his hands.
A good man on third can make the position a
comparatively easy one, just the same as a good
man anywhere can do any kind of work with less
exertion than one who may be less capable.
The good man on third will study the peculiari-
ties of the men at the bat, and become just as fa-
miliar with them as the pitcher. He will pick
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL
out the hunters, and try, as far as is possible, to
anticipate the play. The toughest proposition he
has to face is the expert with the willow, who is
not only a scientific batter, but a sprinter of abil-
ity.
He must make up his mind that the batter is
just as clever as he is, and will try and deceive
him, if possible.
Such a batter will do all in his power to induce
the baseman to play in close by pretending to bunt,
and will then make a safe hit.
So the man on third who expects to be really
good in the position must know to a certain extent
about what is going to happen in advance.
He should field all of the easy, slow hits, in-
stead of the short stop, with whom he must have
a complete understanding. And as in every other
position on a nine, team work counts for a great
deal in the long run. But he shouldn't conflict
with the short stop by endeavoring to reach a ball
that ought to be fielded by the latter.
He should also watch the bases, and when he
throws the ball, throw it to the right place at the
right time.
If it should so happen, as it frequently does, that
a runner is on first base, and a hit is made to third,
he should throw the ball to second, from whence
it will go to first, with two out as the result But
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 53
if there is no chance for a double play, he should
give the throw to second the preference, by all
means.
There are many intricacies in this position which
will soon be mastered by an earnest, intelligent,
ambitious player, if he will study them.
SHORT STOP.
This means an exceedingly active man, good
at a sprint, quick to get in action, and just as
quick to stop; a good and accurate thrower, and
the more ability he has to throw a ball the better
will he be able to support a very trying posi-
tion.
He is also an emergency second and third base-
man, and must be always ready to get to either
one very quickly when he is wanted.
The short stop covers a territory in which it
is very easy for an experienced batter to send
the ball, and he must, perforce, keep all his wits
about him. It frequently happens that he will
have to field the ball on a run. He must then
make a dead stop and send it to first without de-
lay.
The position of short stop offers many oppor-
tunities for individual star plays, and the work
of a good man will have no little effect upon the
56 SCIENCE OF BASEBALL
And here, again, a word of caution, which
seems to be particularly appropriate. Don't throw
the ball until you are sure you are going to get
it to the hands of the man who is waiting to re-
ceive it, and don't be over anxious. Wild throws
and fumbles are inexcusable errors, which should
never be made.
Better not throw the ball at all, than throw it
wild, and give the runner a chance to make an-
other base, or perhaps score.
The duty of a short stop includes that of tak-
ing part in the play when a runner is caught be-
tween the bases, and he assists the baseman in
running the player down. Don't make too many
throws in play. Start off at full speed, and get
the runner in action, and then make the throw to
the fielder who is in front of the man. A few
throws will generally do the trick, and a lot of
surplus energy will be saved.
The short stop should thoroughly familiarize
himself with the system of signals of the team,
especially those which are used between the catch-
er and the first and second basemen, so that he
will be informed of approaching plays, and be
able to back them up promptly and effectively.
He is supposed to be an all-around man, and
he is ; and his business is to help the other play-
ers on the team whenever and wherever it is pos-
sible to do so.
AT THE BAT.
In many games the batting tells the story, and
while a player may be a star in almost any posi-
tion on the nine, yet he is liable to be weak when
at the bat.
The way to learn how to handle the bat is to
go up against a good pitcher and try and hit him.
Practice is everything, but in batting there is a
great 'deal more to be learned than would seem
at first glance. The veriest tyro can take a ball
and a bat and knock flies and grounders, and he
can become so proficient that he will be able to
send the sphere a long distance. But put him up
against a good pitcher, and he will fan the air for
a few minutes and then go and take a seat on
the bench and give somebody else a chance.
So to all baseball players this advice is given:
Learn how to bat pitched balls, and train the
eye to follow the ball and gauge it accurately.
There are very few young men who, if they hit
a ball fairly, cannot send it a great distance ; they
have muscle enough for that, so that it isn't a ques-
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL
tion of strength alone; but the thing is to hit it,
and the science of it all is to put it in a good safe
spot, whether it is in the infield or the outfield.
And now assume that the game has begun, and
you are at the bat. Don't be in a hurry; there
is plenty of time. Watch the pitcher, and when
he delivers the ball shift your eyes to it.
Stand firm, with the legs not too far apart, and
within easy reaching distance of the plate.
Be confident.
Don't let the pitcher get your nerve.
When the pitcher is about to deliver the ball
be prepared to meet it, and try and make up your
mind whether it is a fast ball or a slow ball.
Study his delivery, and try to discover what he
is going to do next.
Rather let a ball go and have a strike, than
miss it, because nothing is so discouraging as to
hit at a ball and miss it. The weight should be
on the forward foot, and once the ball has been
started don't attempt to change your position, and
don't make a wild swing or reach for it.
A trained eye and close calculation will do more
for the man at the bat than the muscles of San-
dow ; and be careful not to take a long step on the
spur of the moment in going after what seems
an easy ball. Keep all the advantage of height
in order to bat a moderately high ball.
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL. 59
The secret of a long hit is not muscle ; it's knack.
It lies in the hitting of the ball at precisely the
proper moment, with a sharp, quick stroke, and
adding to it the impetus given by the shoulders.
It isn't necessary to swing hard, either ; in fact,
in many cases, it is a fatal error, and it robs the
batter of his judgment of distance and accuracy.
Don't look for a home run. The base hit is
what pulls the batting average up.
Study the field, and master the ability to send
the ball into a certain territory, rather <han to try
and send it a great distance; and don't forget
that flies are fatal to the batter in many instances.
It is conceded that the bat should hit the ball
not more than six inches from the end.
The weight of the bat doesn't make a very great
difference that is at the option of the player.
It is a hard matter to define just how the bat
should be held, because many good players have
their own opinion on this subject; but you will not
be very far out of the way if you keep the hands
slightly apart, and in a position that the bat may
be readily and easily handled.
One of the most important things to learn is
scientific hitting. For this the hands should be
much further apart, and the player should lean
forward and wait for a low ball, which is the
best for this purpose. The trouble with a high
60 SCIENCE OF BASEBALL
ball is that the batter is liable to pop up an easy
fly, which can be easily caught by the infield.
The ability to place a ball in any certain terri-
tory it should be called an art cannot be over-
estimated, and too much attention cannot be given
to it.
This particular chapter is one of the most im-
portant in this book, because it applies to all play-
ers, no matter what their positions on the nine
may be. Every man has to bat, while only two
or three have to pitch, or occupy certain posi-
tions on the field.
And, above all, be confident.
Don't be afraid of being hit with the ball. Re-
member you are about to engage in a contest in
which you will have nine men against you, and
you have every chance of winning, notwithstand-
ing the apparently unequal odds.
For the batter, confidence is half the game ; and
he shouldn't fear a pitched ball; the fact of be-
ing hit by a ball shouldn't get a man's nerve. It's
all in the game, and if a player is enthusiastic over
the great national game he will be willing to take
the few hard knocks that go with it.
If your eyes are at all bad, don't play ball, for
you will never succeed. Every ball player needs
two good eyes, and he must use them all the
time, and more especially when he is at the bat.
SCIENCE QF BASEBALL
Nothing will so rattle a man as a wild
pitcher, especially one who delivers a speedy
ball, and many pitchers throw wild occasion-
ally in order to make a batter nervous. But
wait until the ball comes that you want. Make
up your mind that you want to hit the ball if
the opportunity offers, and don't hope and ex-
pect to be sent to your base on balls.
The player who stands in the correct posi-
tion at the plate will not often be hit, because
he will be able to dodge and side step readily.
When a player is at the bat, the only thing
he has to consider is the ball, as it comes from
the pitcher, and he shouldn't shrink back
every time a fast ball comes near him.
Bunting to-day has become a distinct feature,
and the man who knows the science of bunt-
ing is a valuable acquisition on any team, no
matter what his other qualifications may be.
The man who bunts the ball can usually
place it in any territory he desires, for the
simple reason that he is better able to gauge
an easy hit than if he were going to slug.
And it is important that the bunter should
know just when to bunt and where to put the
ball, in order that it may do the most good.
re**.
THE OUTFIELDERS.
The player who is a good outfielder is a valu-
able and important addition to any team. His
motto should be, "Don't wait, but get there."
There are two essential qualifications, and they
must be well developed a strong arm and the
ability to sprint.
Of course, it is understood that a fielder must
possess other good points, but these come first, and
without them he might as well try some other po-
sition, for he will never make a success in the
field.
Practice and good judgment will tell the story,
for a man never knows what he can do until he
tries.
It isn't everyone who can get under a fly and
hold it, or who can field a bounding grounder and
throw it accurately and swiftly to the proper base.
The fielder must think quick and act quick. He
must take the sun and the wind into considera-
tion, as well as the nature of the ground upon
which he is working. A slight inequality will
often divert the course of a grounder that would
6 4 SCIENCE OF BASEBALL
otherwise come his way, and he must allow for
that.
He should know, the instant the ball is hit by
the batter, just about where it will go, and he
should not confine himself to too small a terri-
tory.
Fielding' alone will not win a game, but if suc-
cessfully done its influence will be shown on the
score of the opposing team.
Don't hold the ball, but throw it at once to the
proper place, and be accurate about it, too, for
a wild throw from the outfield is usually disas-
trous, and gives the runner a chance to advance.
It is a good rule for the center fielder, as well
as the left fielder, to throw to second base, if there
is a man on first, and to throw to third if there is
a man on second.
With the right fielder it is different, but it is
too long a throw to third from where he would
probably field the ball, and with a man on first
his play would be to send the ball to second ; and
with no men on bases, to throw it to first.
Another point for fielders is that the fielders
should not interfere with each other. Go for the
ball if you have any kind of a chance to get it,
and if you are reasonably sure you can handle it,
announce the fact as you are running. If not,
it is just as well to call to any of the other fielders
who may be going for it, "You take it !"
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 65
This not only prevents confusion, but prevents
the possibility of the ball dropping uncaught be-
tween two players, which has been known to oc-
cur.
A good fielder will know as soon as a ball is
hit just about where it will go, especially if it is
a long fly ; and if he is a good man, and he judges
the fly will go over him, he will not keep backing
and stumbling, but he will instantly gauge it, and,
turning his back on it, will run to the place where
he expects it will land. Here is where speed
comes in, for the sooner he reaches the desired
point the more time he will have to get directly
under it in its drop.
But such work as this can come only from
long practice. It is worth the while in the end,
and it will more than repay the ambitious ball
player. Of course, it is easier to run in for a ball
than out for it, but batters do not hit a ball to be
caught, and the conscientious fielder will find that
there is plenty of work cut out for him.
In fielding a grounder, don't wait until it comes
to you, but go after it, and get it, if possible, on
a short bound.
Always back up the play of another fielder. No
man is infallible, and he is liable to miss a ball;
but with two men the chances of missing are mini-
mized, and besides, it will serve to make the run-
ners stick to their bases a little closer.
66
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL
-
Another thing: a man who is backed up will
have more confidence in his work.
Good support is invaluable in every part of the
game of baseball.
Help each other, and remember, again, that good
team work will tell in the long run.
RULES.
Rule 1. The Ball Ground.
The ball ground must be enclosed. To obviate the
necessity for ground rules, the shortest distance from a
fence or stand on fair territory to the home base should
be 235 feet and from home base to the grandstand
90 feet.
Rule 2. To Lay Off the Field. .
To lay off the lines defining the location of the several
bases, the catcher's and the pitcher's position and to
establish the boundaries required in playing the game of
baseball, proceed as follows:
Diamond or Infield.
From a point, A, within the grounds, project a
straight line out into the field, and at a point, B, 154 feet
from point A, lay off lines B C and B D at right angles
to the line A B; then, with B as a center and 63.63945
feet as a radius, describe arcs cutting the lines B A at F
and B C at G, B D at H and B E at I. Draw lines
F G, G E, E H, and H F, which said lines shall be the
containing lines of the Diamond or Infield.
Rule 3. The Catcher's Lines.
With F as a center and 10 feet radius, describe an arc
cutting line F A at L, and draw lines L M and L O at
right angles to F A, and continue same out from F A
not less than 10 feet.
Rule 4. The Foul Lines.
From the intersection point, F, continue the straight
lines F G and F H until they intersect the lines L M
and L O, and then from the points G and H in the oppo-
site direction until they reach the boundary lines of the
ground, and said lines shall be clearly visible from any
part of the diamond and no wood or other hard sub-
stance shall be used in the construction of said lines.
68 SCIENCE OF BASEBALL
Bale 5. The Players' lanes.
With F as center and 50 foot radius, describe arcs
cutting lines F O and F M at P and Q ; then, with F
as center again and 75 feet radius, describe arcs cutting
F G and F H at R and S ; then, from the points P, Q,
R and S draw lines at right angles to the lines F O,
F M, F G and F H, and continue the same until they
intersect at the points T and W.
Rule 6. The Coacher's Lines.
With R and S as centers and 15 feet radius, describe
arcs cutting the lines R W and S T at X and Y, and
from the points X and Y draw lines parallel with the
lines F H and F G, and continue same out to the boun-
dary lines of the ground.
Bole 7. The Three-foot Line.
With F as a center and 45 feet radius, describe an arc
cutting the line F G at I, and from I to the distance of
three feet draw a line at right angles to F G, and
marked point 2 ; then from point 2, draw a line parallel
with the line F G to a point three feet beyond the point
G, marked 3 ; then from the point 3 draw a line at right
angles to line 2, 3, back to and intersecting with F G,
and from thence back along the line G F to point I.
Rule 8. The Batsman's Lines.
On either side of the line A F B describe two paral-
lelograms six feet long and four feet wide (marked 8
and 9), their longest side being parallel with the line
A F B, their distance apart being six inches added to
each end of the length of the diagonal of the square
within the angle F, and the center of their length being
on said diagonal.
Rule 9. The Pitcher's Plate.
SECTION I. With point F as center and 60.5 feet as
radius, describe an arc cutting the line F B at line 4,
and draw a line 5, 6, passing through point 4 and ex-
tending 12 inches on either side of line F B ; then with
line 5, 6, as a side, describe a parallelogram 24 inches
by 6 inches, in which shall be located the pitcher's plate.
SEC. 2. The pitcher's plate shall not be more than 15
inches higher than the base lines or the home plate,
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL - 69
which shall be level with the surface of the field, and
the slope from the pitcher's plate to every base line and
the home plate shall be gradual.
Rule 10. The Bases.
SECTION I. Within the angle F, describe a five-sided
figure, two of the sides of which shall coincide with the
lines F G and F H to the extent of 12 inches each,
thence parallel with the line F B 8^2, inches to the points
X and Y, a straight line between which, 17 inches, will
form the front of the home base or plate.
SEC. 2. Within the angles ^at G, I and H describe
squares, whose sides are 15 inches in length, two of
such sides of which squares shall lie along the lines F
G and G I, G I and I H, I H, and H F, which squares
shall be the location of the first, second and third bases
respectively.
Rule 11.
The Home Base at F and the Pitcher's Plate at 4
must each be of whitened rubber, and so fixed in the
ground as to be even with its surface.
Rule 12.
The First Base at G, the Second Base at E, and the
Third Base at H must each be a white canvas bag
filled with soft material and securely fastened in place
at the point specified in Rule 10.
Rule 13.
The lines described in Rules 3, 4 5, 6, 7 and S must
be marked with lime, chalk or other white material,
easily distinguishable from the ground or grass.
Rule 14. The Ball.
SECTION" i. The ball must weigh not less than five nor
more than five and one quarter ounces avoirdupois, and
measure not less than nine nor more than nine and one-quar-
ter inches in circumference. A league ball must be used in
all games played under these rules.
70 SCIENCE OF BASEBALL
SEC. 2. Two regulation balls of the make adopted by
the league of which the contesting clubs are members
shall be delivered by the home club to the umpire at or
before the hour for the commencement of a champion-
ship game. If the ball placed in play be batted or
thrown out of the grounds or into one of the stands for
spectators or, in the judgment of the umpire, becomes
unfit for play from any cause, the umpire shall at once
deliver the alternate ball to the pitcher and another legal
ball shall be supplied to him, so that he shall at all
times have in his control one or more alternate balls.
Provided, however, that all balls batted or thrown out
of the ground or into a stand for spectators until the
the field be given into the custody of the umpire imme-
diately and become alternate balls, and so long as he
has in his possession two or more alternate balls, he
shall not call for a new ball to replace one that has
gone out of play. The alternate balls 'shall become the
ball in play in the order in which they were delivered
to the umpire.
( SEC. 3. Immediately upon the delivery to him of the
alternate ball by the umpire, the pitcher shall take his
position and on the call of "Play," by the umpire, it
shall become the ball in play. Provided, however, that
play shall not be resumed with the alternate ball when
a fair batted ball or a ball thrown by a fielder goes out
of the ground or into a stand for spectators until the
base-runners have/ completed the circuit of the bases
unless- compelled to stop at second or third base, in
compliance with a ground rule.
Discolored or Damaged Balls.
SEC. 4. In the event of a ball being intentionally
discolored by rubbing it with the soil or otherwise by
any player or otherwise damaged by
any player, the umpire shall forthwith demand the re-
turn of the ball and substitute for it another legal ball
as hereinbefore described; and impose a fine of five
dollars upon the offending player.
Home Club to Provide Balls.
SEC. 5. In every game the balls played with shall be
furnished by the home club, and the last in play shall
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 71
become the property of the winning cluh. Each ball
shall be enclosed in a paper box, which must be sealed
with the seal of the President of the League and bear
his certificate that he has examined, measured and
weighed the ball contained therein, and that it is of the
required standard in all respects. The seal shall not be
broken by the umpire except in the presence of the
captains of, the contesting teams after "Play" has been
called.
Reserve Balls on Field.
SEC. 6. The home club shall have at least a dozen
regulation balls on the field during each championship
game, ready for use on the call of the umpire.
Rule 15. The Bat.
The bat must be round, not over two and three-
fourths inches in diameter at the thickest part, nor
more than 42 inches in length and entirely of hardwood,
except that for a distance of 18 inches from the end
twine may be wound or a granulated substance applied
to the handle. e
Rule 16. Number of Players in a Game.
The players of each club actively engaged in a game
at one time shall be nine in number, one of whom shall
act as captain ; and in no case shall more or less than
nine men be allowed to play on a side in a game.
Rule 17. Positions of the Players.
The players of the team not at bat may be stationed
at any points of the field on fair ground their captain
may elect, regardless of their respective positions, ex-
cept that the pitcher, while in the act of delivering the
ball to the bat, must take his position as defined in
Rules 9 and 30; and the catcher must be within the
lines of his position a's defined in Rule 3 and within 10
feet of home base, whenever the pitcher delivers the
ball to the bat.
Rule 18. Must Not Mingle with Spectators.
Players in uniform shall not be permitted to occupy
seats in the stands, or to mingle with the spectators.
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL
-
Rule 19. Uniforms of Players.
Every club shall adopt two uniforms for its players,
one to be worn in games at home and the other in
games abroad, and the suits of each of the uniforms of
a team shall conform in color and style. No player
who shall attach anything to the sole or heel of his
shoe other than the ordinary baseball shoe plate, or
who shall appear in a uniform not conforming to the
suits of the other members of his team, shall be per-
mitted to
Rule 20. Size and Weight of Gloves.
The catcher or first baseman may wear a glove or
mitt of any size, shape or weight. Every other player
is restricted to the" use of a glove or mitt weighing
not over 10 ounces and not over 14 inches around the
palm.
Rule 21. Players' Benches.
SECTION I. Players' benches must be furnished by
the home club and placed upon a portion of the ground
not less than twenty-five (25) feet outside of the play-
ers' lines. One such bench shall be for the exclusive
use of the visiting team and the other for the exclusive
use of the home team. Each bench must be covered
with a roof and closed at 'the back and each end ; a
space, however, not more than six (6) inches wide
may be left under the roof for ventilation. All players
and substitutes of the side at bat must be seated on
their team's bench, except the batsman, base-runners
and such as are legally assigned to coach base-runners.
Under no circumstances shall the umpire permit any
person except the players and substitutes in uniform
and the manager of the team to be seated on the bench.
Penalty for Violation.
SEC. 2. Whenever the umpire observes a violation of
the preceding section he shall immediately order such
player or players as have disregarded it to be seated.
If the order be not obeyed within one minute, the of-
fending players shall 'be fined $5 each by the umpire.
If the order be not obeyed then within one minute, the
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 73
offending player or players shall be barred from further
participation in the game and shall be obliged forthwith
to leave the playing field.
Rule 22. A Regulation Game.
Every championship game must be commenced not
later than two hours before sunset and shall continue
until each team has had nine innings, provided, how-
ever, that the game shall terminate :
(1) If the side at bat scores less runs in nine
innings than the other side has scored in eight innings.
(2) If the side last at bat in the ninth inning scores
the winning run before the third man is out.
SEC. 3. If the game be called by the umpire on ac-
count of darkness, rain, fire, panic or for other cause
which puts patrons or players in peril.
Rule 23. Extra-Inning Game.
If the 'score be a tie at the end of the nine (9) innings
for each team, play shall be continued until one side
has scored more runs than the other in an equal m
ber of innings, provided, that if the side last ap v ^a
score the winning run before the third man Is out in
any inning after the ninth, the game shall terminate.
Rule 24. Drawn Games.
A drawn game shall be declared by the umpire if the
score is equal on the last even inning played, when he
terminates play, in accordance with Rule 22, Section 3,
after five or more equal innings have been played by
each team. But if the side that went second to bat is at
the bat when the game is terminated, and has scored
the same number of runs as the other side, the umpire
shall declare the game drawn without regard to the
score of the last equal inning.
Rule 25. Called Games.
If the umpire calls a game in accordance with Rule
22, Section 3, at any time after five innings have been
completed, the score shall be that of the last equal in-
nings played, except that if the side second at bat shall
have scored in an unequal number of innings, or before
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL
the completion of the unfinished inning, at least one
run more than the side first at bat, the score of the
game shall be the total number of runs each team has
made.
Rule 26. Forfeited Games.
A forfeited game shall" be declared by the umpire in
favor of the club not in fault in the following cases :
SECTION I. If the team of a club fail to appear upon
the field, or being upon the field, refuse to begin a game
for which it is scheduled or assigned, within five min-
utes after the umpire has called "Play" at the hour for
the beginning of the game, unless such delay in appear-
ing, or in commencing the game, be unavoidable.
SEC. 2. If, after the game has begun, one side refuse
to continue to play, unless the game has been suspended
or terminated by the umpire.
SEC. 3. If, after play has been suspended by the
umpire, one side fails to resume playing in one minute
after the umpire has called "Play."
{' hid' ^ a man ern Pl v ' tactics palpably designed to
deiit^ < .4,j_ game.
SEC. 5. If, after warning by the umpire, any one of
the rules of the game be wilfully and persistently vio-
lated.
SEC. 6. If the order for the removal of a player, as
authorized by Rules 21, 58 and 64, be not obeyed within
one minute.
SEC. 7. If, because of the removal of players from
the game by the umpire, or for any cause, there be less
than nine players on either team.
SEC. 8. If, after the game has been suspended on ac-
count of rain, the orders of the umpire be not complied
with as required by Rule 29.
SEC. 9. If, when two games are scheduled to be
played in one afternoon, the "second game be not com-
menced within ten minutes of the time of the comple-
tion of the first game. The umpire of the first game
shall be the timekeeper.
SEC. 10. In case the umpire declare the game for-
feited, he shall transmit a written report thereof to the
president of the League within twenty-four hours there-
after. However, a failure on the part of the umpire
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL
to so notify the president shall not affect the' validity
of his award of the game by forfeiture.
Rule 27. No Game.
"No game" shall be declared by the umpire if he ter-
minates play in accordance with Rule 22, Section 3,
before five innings are completed by each team. Pro-
vided, however, that if the club second at bat shall have
made more runs at the end of its fourth inning than
the club first at bat has made in five completed in-
nings of a game so terminated, the umpire shall award
the game to the club having made the greater number
of runs, and it shall count as a legal game in the
championship record.
Rule 28. Substitutes.
SECTION i. Each side shall be required to have pres-
ent on the field during a championship game a suffi-
cient number of substitute players in uniform, conform-
ing to the suits worn by their team-mates, to carry out
the provisions of this code which requires that not less
than nine players shall occupy the field in any inning
of the game.
SEC. 2. Any such substitute may at any stage of the
game take the place of a player, whose names is in his
team's batting order, but the player whom he succeeds
shall not thereafter participate in that game.
SEC. 3. A base-runner shall not have another player
whose name appears in the batting order of his team run
for him except by the consent of the captain of the
other team.
SEC. 4. Whenever one player is substituted for an-
other, whether as batsman, base-runner or fielder, the
captain of the side making the change must immediately
notify the umpire, who in turn must announce the
same to the spectators. A fine of $5 shall be assessed
by the umpire against the captain for each violation of
this rule, and the President of the League shall impose
a similar fine against the umpire who, after having
been notified of a change, fails to make proper an-
nouncement. Play shall be suspended while announce-
ment is being made, and the player substituted shall
become actively engaged in the game immediately upon
his captain's notice of the change to the umpire.
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL
Rule 29. Choice of Innings Fitness of Field for Play.
The choice of innings shall be given to the captain
of the home club, who shall be the sole judge of the
fitness of the ground for beginning a game after a rain;
but, after play has been called by the umpire, he alone
shall be the judge as to the fitness of the ground for
resuming play after the game has been suspended on
account of rain.
THE PITCHING RULES.
Rule 30. Delivery of the Ball to the Bat.
Preliminary to pitching, the pitcher shall take his
position facing the batsman with 'both feet squarely on
the ground and in front of the pitcher's plate ; and in
the act of delivering the ball to the bat he must keep
one foot in contact with the pitcher's plate defined in
Rule 9. He shall not raise either foot until in the act
of delivering the ball to the bat, nor make more than
one step in such delivery.
Rule 31. A Fairly Delivered Ball.
A fairly delivered ball is a ball pitched or thrown to
the bat by the pitcher while standing in his position and
facing the batsman ; that passes over any portion of the
home base before touching the ground, not lower than
the batsman's knee, nor higher than his shoulder. For
every such fairly delivered ball the umpire shall call
one strike.
Rule 32. An Unfairly Delivered Ball.
An unfairly delivered ball is a ball delivered to the
bat by the pitcher while standing in his position and
facing the batsman, that does not pass over any portion
of the home base between the batsman's 'shoulder and
knee, or that touches the ground before passing home
base unless struck at by the batsman, or, with the bases
occupied any ball delivered by the pitcher while either
foot is not in contact with the pitcher's plate. For
every unfairly delivered ball the umpire 'shall call one
ball. A ball that hits the ground in front of the plate
is not a strike under any circumstances.
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 77
(NOTE. If, with any of the bases occupied, the pitcher
delivers the ball while either foot is not in contact with
the pitcher's plate, as required by Rule 30, the "Balk"
rule applies.)
Rule 33. Delaying the Game.
SECTION I. If, after the batsman be standing in his
proper position ready to strike at a pitched ball, the ball
be thrown by the pitcher to any player other than the
catcher when in the catch's lines and within 10 feet of
the home base (except in an attempt to retire a base-
runner), each ball so thrown shall be called a ball.
SEC. 2. The umpire shall call a ball on the pitcher
each time he delays the game by failing to deliver the
ball to the batsman for a longer period than 20 seconds,
excepting that at the commencement of each inning,
or when a pitcher relieves another, he may occupy one
minute in delivering not to exceed five balls to catcher
or infielder, during which time play shall be suspended.
SEC. 3. In event of the pitcher being taken from the
game by either manager or captain the player 'substi-
tuted for him shall continue to pitch until the batsman
then at bat has either been put out or has reached first
base.
Rule 34. Balking.
A balk shall be :
SECTION i. Any motion made by the pitcher while
in position to deliver the ball to the bat without deliver-
ing it, or to throw to first base when occupied by a base-
runner, without completing the throw.
SEC. 2. Throwing the ball by the pitcher to any base
to catch the base-runner without stepping directly to-
ward such base, in the act of making 'such throw.
SEC. 3. Any delivery of the ball to the bat by the
pitcher while either foot is back of the pitcher's plate.
SEC. 4. Any delivery of the ball to the bat by the
pitcher, while he is not facing the batsman.
SEC. 5. Any motion in delivering the ball to the bat
by pitcher while not in position defined by Rule 30.
SEC. 6. Holding of the ball by the pitcher, so long
as, in the opinion of the umpire, to unnecessarily delay
the game.
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL
SKC. /. Making any motion to pitch while standing
in his position without having the hall in his possession.
SEC. 8. Making any motion of the arm, shoulder, hip
or body the pitcher habitually makes in his method of
delivery, without immediately delivering the ball to
the bat.
SEC. 9. Delivery of the ball to the bat when the
catcher is standing outside the lines of the catcher's
position as defined in Rule 3.
If the pitcher shall fail to comply with the require-
ments of any 'section of this rule, the umpire shall call
a "balk."
Rule 35. Dead Ball.
A dead ball is a ball delivered to the bat by the
pitcher, not struck at by the batsman, that touches any
part of the batsman's person or clothing while he is
standing in his position.
Rule 36. Ball Not in Play.
In case of an illegally batted ball, a balk foul strike,
foul, hit ball not legally caught, interference with the
fielder or batsman, dead ball, or a fair hit ball, striking
a ba'se-runner or umpire before touching a fielder,
touching a base-runner, the ball shall not be considered
in play until it be held by the pitcher standing in his
position, and the umpire shall have called "Play."
Rule 37. Block Balls.
SECTION i. A block is a batted or thrown ball that is
touched, stopped or handled by a person not engaged in
the game.
SEC. 2. Whenever a block occurs the umpire shall
declare it, and base-runners may run the bases without
liability to be put out until the ball has been returned to
and held by the pitcher in his position.
SEC. 3. If the person not engaged in the game should
retain possession of a blocked ball, or throw or kick it
beyond the reach of the fielders, the umpire shall call
"Time" and require each base-runner to stop at the base
last touched by him until the ball be returned to the
pitcher in his position and the umpire shall have called
"Play."
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL
THE BATTING RULES.
Rule 38. The Batsman's Position.
Each player of the side at bat shall become the bats-
man and must take his position within the batsman's
lines (as defined in Rule 18) in the order that his
name appears in his team's batting list.
Rule 39. The Order of Batting;.
The batting order of each team must be on the score
card and must be delivered before the game by its
captain to the umpire at the home plate, who shall
submit it to the inspection of the captain of the other
side. The batting order delivered to the umpire must
be followed throughout the game, unless a player be
substituted for another, in which case the substitute
must take the place in the batting order of. the retired
player.
SEC. 2. When the umpire announces the pitcher prior
to commencement of the game, the player announced
must pitch until the first batsman has either been put
out or has reached first base.
Rule 40. The First Batsman in an Inning;.
After the first inning the first striker in each inning
shall be the batsman whose name follows that of the
last man who completed his "time at bat" in the pre-
ceding inning.
Rule 41. Players Belong on Bench.
When a side goes to the bat its players must imme-
diately seat themselves on the bench assigned to them
as defined in Rule 21, and remain there until their side
is put out, except when called to the bat or to act as
coachers or substitute base-runners.
Rule 42. Reserved for Umpire, Catcher and Batsman.
No player of the side "at bat," except the batsman,
shall occupy any portion of the space within the
catcher's lines as defined in Rule 3. The triangular
space back of the home base is reserved for the ex-
clusive use of the umpire, catcher and batsman, and the
umpire must prohibit any player of the side "at bat"
from cro'ssing the same at any time while the ball is in
So SCIENCE OF BASEBALL
the hands of the pitcher or catcher or passing between
them while standing in their positions.
Rule 43. Fielder Has Right of Way.
The players of the side at bat must speedily abandon
their bench and hasten to another part of the field when
by remaining upon or near it they or any of them would
interfere with a fielder in an attempt to catch or handle
a thrown or a batted ball.
Rule 44. A Fair Hit.
A fair hit is a legally batted ball that settles on fair
ground between home and first base or between home
and third base or that is on fair ground when bounding
to the outfield past first or third base, or that first falls
on fair territory beyond first or third base or that
touches the person of the umpire or a player while on
or over fair ground.
.Rule 45. A Foul Hit.
"V A foul hit is a legally batted ball that settles on foul
territory between home and first 'base or home and
third base, or that bounds past first or third base on
foul territory or that falls on foul territory beyond first
or third base or while on or over foul ground touches
the person of the umpire or a player.
Rule 46. A Foul Tip.
A foul tip is a ball batted by the batsman while
standing within the lines of his position, that goes sharp
and direct from the bat to the catcher's hands and is
legally caught.
Rule 47. A Bunt Hit.
A. bunt hit is a legally batted ball not swung at but
met with the bat and tapped slowly within the infield
by the batsman. If the attempted bunt results in a foul
not legally caught a strike shall be called by the umpire.
Rule 48. Balls Batted Outside the Ground.
SECTION i. When a batted ball passes outside the
ground or into a stand the umpire shall decide it fair
or foul according to whether the point at which it
leaves the playing field is on fair or foul territory.
SEC. 2. A fair batted ball that goes over the fence or
into a stand shall entitle the batsman to a home run
SCIENCE Or BASEBALL 81
unless it should pass out of the ground or into a stand
at a less distance than two hundred and thirty-five
(235) feet from the home base, in which case the bats-
man shall be entitled to two bases only. The point at
which a fence or stand is less than 235 feet from the
home base shall be plainly indicated by a white or black
sign or mark for the umpire's guidance.
Rule 49. Strikes.
A strike is :
SECTION i. A pitched ball struck at by the batsman
without its touching his bat; or,
SEC. 2. A fair ball legally delivered by the pitcher
at which the batsman dees not strike.
SEC. 3. A foul hit ball not caught on the fly unless
the batsman has two strikes.
SEC. 4. An attempt to bunt which results in a fotjl
legally caught.
SEC. 5. A pitched ball, at which the batsman strikes
but misses and which touches any part of his person.
SEC. 6. A foul tip, held by the catcher, while stand-
ing within the lines of his position.
Rule 50. Foul Strike.
An illegally batted ball is a ball batted by the bats-
rrrn when either or both of his feet is uppn the ground
outside the lines of the batsman's position.
Rule 51. "When Batsman Is Out.
The batsman is out :
SECTION i. If he fails to take his position at the bat
in the order in which his name appears on the batting
list unless the error be discovered and the proper bats-
man replace him before he becomes a base-runner, in
which case the balls and strikes called must be counted
in the time "at bat" of the proper batsman. But only
the proper batsman shall be declared out, and no runs
shall be scored or bases run because of any act of the
improper batsman. Provided, this rule shall not be en-
forced unless the out be declared before the ball be de-
livered to the succeeding batsman. Should the bats-
man declared out under this section be the third hand
out. and his 'side be thereby put out, the proper bats-
man in the next inning shall be the player who would
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL
have come to bat had the players been put out by ordi-
nary play in the preceding inning.
SEC. 2. If he fail to take his position within one
minute after the umpire has called for the batsman.
SEC. 3. If he make a foul hit other than a foul tip,
as defned in Rule 46, and the ball be momentarily held
by a fielder before touching the ground ; provided, it
be not caught in a fielder's cap, protector, pocket or
other part of his uniform, or strike some object other
than a fielder before being caught.
SEC. 4. If he bat the ball illegally, as defined in
Rule 50.
SEC. 5. If he attempt to hinder the catcher from
fielding or throwing the ball by -stepping outside the
lines of the batsman's position, or in any way obstruct-
ing or interfering with that player.
^SEC. 6. If, while first base be occupied by a base-run-
ner, the third strike be called on him by the umpire,
unless two men are already out.
\ SEC. 7. If, while attempting a third strike, the ball
uouch any part of the batsman's person, in which case
Wse-runners occupying bases shall not advance, as pre-
scribed in Rule 55, Section 5.
SEC. 8. If, before two hands are out, while first and
second, or first, second and third bases are occupied, he
hit a fly ball, other than a line drive, that can be handled
by an infielder. In such case the umpire shall, as soon
as the ball be hit, declare it an infield or outfield hit.
SEC. 9. If the third strike be called in accordance
with Rule 49, Section 5.
Batsman Must Obey Call.
SEC. 10. The moment a batsman's term at bat ends,
the umpire shall call for the batsman next in order to
leave his seat on the bench and take his position at the
bat, and no player of the batting side shall leave his
seat on the bench until so called, except to become a
coacher or substitute, base runner, to take the place
of a player on his team's batting list to comply with
the umpire's order. The batsman shall be declared out
if he steps from one batsman's box to the other while
the pitcher is in his position and ready to pitch.
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL
BASE-RUNNING RULES.
Rule 52. Legal Order of Bases.
The Base Runner must touch each base in legal order,
viz., First, Second, Third and Home Bases ; and when
obliged to return while the ball is in play, must retouch
the base or bases in reverse order. He can only acquire
the right to a 'base by touching it, before having been
put out, and shall then be entitled to hold such base
until he has legally touched the next base in order, or
has been legally forced to vacate it for a succeeding
base runner. However, no base runner shall score a
run to count in the game ahead of the base runner pre-
ceding him in the batting order, if there be such pre-
ceding base runner who has not been put out in that
inning.
Rule 53. When the Batsman Becomes a Base Runner.
The batsman becomes a base runner :
SECTION I. Instantly after he makes a fair hit.
SEC. 2. Instantly after "Four Balls" have been called
by the umpire.
SEC. 3. Instantly after "Three iStrikes" have bee'n de-
clared by the umpire.
SEC. 4. If, without making any attempt to strike at
the ball, his person or clothing be hit by a pitched ball
unless, in the opinion of the umpire, he plainly makes
no effort to get out of the way of the pitched ball.
SEC. 5. If the catcher interfere with him in or pre-
vent him from striking at a pitched ball.
Rule 54. Entitled to Bases.
The base runner shall ( be entitled, without liability
to be put out, to advance a base in the following cases:
SECTION i. If, while the batsman, he becomes a base
runner by reason of "four balls" or for being hit by a
pitched ball, or for being interfered with by the catcher
in striking at a pitched ball, or if a fair ball strikes the
person or clothing of the umpire or a base runner or a
fair grounder.
SEC. 2. If the umpire awards to a succeeding batsman
a base on four balls, or for being hit by a pitched ball,
SCIENCE Of BASEBALL
or being interfered with by the catcher in striking at
a pitched ball and the ba*se runner be thereby forced to
vacate the base held by him.
SEC. 3. If the umpire call a "Balk."
SEC. 4. If a ball delivered by the pitcher pass the
catcher and touch any fence or building within ninety
(90) feet of the home base.
SEC. 5. If he be prevented from making a base by
the obstruction of a fielder, unless the latter have the
ball, in hand ready to touch the base runner.
SEC. 6. If the fielder stop or catch a batted ball with
his cap, glove or any part of his uniform, while detached
from its proper place on his person.
SEC. 7. If a thrown or pitched ball strike the person
or clothing of any umpire on foul ground, the ball shall
be considered in play and the base runner or runners
shall be entitled to all the bases they can make.
Rule 55. Returning to Bases.
The base runner shall return to his base without lia-
bility to be put out :
SECTION I. If the umpire declare any foul not legally
caught.
SEC. 2. If -the umpire declares an illegally batted ball.
SEC. 3. If the umpire declares a dead ball, unless it be
also the fourth unfair ball, and he be thereby forced to
take the next base, as provided in Rule 54, Section 2.
SEC. 4. If the person or clothing of the umpire inter-
fere with the catcher in an attempt to throw or the um-
pire be struck by a ball thrown by the catcher or other
fielder to intercept a base runner.
SEC. 5. If a pitched ball at which the batsman strikes,
but misses, touch any part of the batsman's person.
SEC. 6. If the umpire be struck by a fair hit ball be-
fore touching a fielder; in which case no base shall be
run unless necessitated by the batsman becoming a base
runner, and no run shall be scored unless all the bases
are occupied.
SEC. 7. If the umpire declare the batsman or another
base runner out for interference.
Rule 56. When Base Runners Are Out.
The base runner is out :
SECTION i. If, after three strikes have been declared
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 85
against him while the hatsmaii, the third strike ball be
not legally caught, and he plainly attempts to hinder the
catcher from fielding the ball.
SEC. 2. If, after having made a fair hit while batsman,
such fair hit ball be momentarily held by a fielder be-
. fore touching the ground or any object other than a
fielder; provided, it be not caught in a fielder's hat, cap,
protector, pocket or other part of his uniform.
SEC. 3. If, when the umpire has declarecf "Three
Strikes" on him while the batsman, the third strike ball
be momentarily held by a fielder before touching the
ground ; provided, it be not caught in a fielder's cap,
protector, pocket or other part of his uniform, or touch
some object other than a fielder before being caught.
SEC. 4. If, after three strikes or a fair hit, he be
touched with the ball in the hand of a fielder before he
shall have touched first base.
SEC. 5. If, after three strikes or a fair hit, the ball be
securely held by a fielder while touching first base with
any part of his person before such base runner touch
first base.
SEC. 6. If, in running the last half of the distance
from home base to first base, while the ball is being
fielded to first base, he run outside the three-foot lines,
as defined in Rule 7, unless he do so to avoid a fielder
attempting to field a batted ball.
SEC. 7. If, in running from first to second 'base, from
second to third base, or from third to home base, he run
more than three feet from a direct line between a base
and the next one in regular or reverse order to avoid
being touched by a ball in the hands of a fielder. But in
case a fielder be occupying a base runner's proper path
in attempting to field a batted ball, then the base runner
shall run out of direct line to the next base and behind
said fielder and shall not be declared out for so doing..
SEC. 8. If he fail to avoid a fielder attempting to
field a batted ball, in the manner described in sections 6
and 7 of this rule, or in any V^ay obstruct a fielder in
attempting to field a batted ball, or intentionally inter-
fere with a thrown ball ; provided, that if two or more
fielders attempt to field a batted ball, and the base run-
ner come in contact with one or more of them, the um-
pire shall determine which fielder is entitled to the bene-
fit of this rule, and shall not decide the base runner out
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL
for coming in contact with a fielder other than the one
the umpire determines to be entitled to field such batted
ball.
SEC. 9. If at any time while the ball is in play, he be
touched by the ball in the hands of a fielder, unless some
part of his person be touching the base he is entitled to
occupy; provided, however, that the ball be held by the
fielder after touching him, unless the base runner delib-
erately knock it out of his hand.
SEC. 10. If, when a fair or foul hit ball (other than a
foul tip as defined in Rule 46) be legally caught by a
fielder, such ball be legally held by a fielder on the base
occupied -by the base runner when such ball was batted,
or the base runner be touched with the ball in the hands
of a fielder, before he retouch such base after such fair
or foul hit ball was so caught; provided, that the base
runner shall not be out in such case, if after the ball
was legally caught as above, it be delivered to the bat
by pitcher before the fielder hold it on said base, or
touch base runner out with it; but if base runner, in a-
tempting to reach a base, detach it from its fastening
before being touched or forced out, he shall be declared
safe,.
SEC. ii. If, when the batsman becomes a base runner,
the first base, or the first and second bases, or the first,
second and third bases be occupied, any base runner so
occupying a base shall cease to be entitled to hold it,
and may be put out at the next 'base in the same manner
as in running to first base, or by being touched with the
ball in the hands of a fielder at any time before any base
runner following him in the batting order be put out,
unless the umpire should decide the hit of the batsman
to be an infield fly.
SEC. 12. If a fair hit ball strike him before touching
a fielder, and, in such case, no base shall be run unless
necessitated -by the batsman becoming a base runner,
but no run shall be 'scored or any other base runner
put out until the umpire puts the balj back into play.
SEC. 13. If, when advancing bases, or forced to re-
turn to a base, while the ball is in play, he fail to touch
the intervening base or bases, if any, in the regular or
reverse order, as the case may be, he may be put put by
the ball being held by a fielder on any base he failed to
touch, or by being touched by the ball in the hands of v
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL
fielder in the same manner as in running to first base;
provided, that the base runner shall not be out in such
case if the ball be delivered to the bat by the pitcher be-
fore the fielder hold it on said base or touch the base
runner with it.
SEC. 14. If, when the umpire call "Play," after the
suspension of a game, he fail to return to and touch the
base he occupied when "Time" was called before touch-
ing the next base ; provided, the base runner shall not be
out, in 'such case, if the ball be delivered to the bat by
the pitcher, before the fielder hold it on said base or
touch the base runner with it.
SEC. 15. If with one or no one out and a base runner
on third base, the batsman interferes with a play being
made at home plate.
SEC. 16. If he pass a preceding base runner before
such runner has been legally put out he shall be de-
clared out immediately upon passing the preceding base
Overrunning First Base.
SEC. 17. The base runner in running to first base may
overrun said base after touching it in passing without
incurring liability to be out for being off said base,
provided he return at once and retouch the base, after
which he may be put out as at any other base. If, after
overrunning first base, he turn in the direction of or at-
tempt to run to second base, before returning to first
base, he shall forfeit such exemption from liability to
be put out.
SEC. 18. If, while third base is occupied, the cpacher
stationed near that base shall run in the direction of
home base or near the base line while a fielder is mak-
ing or trying to make a play on a batted ball not caught
on the fly, or on a thrown ball, and thereby draws a
throw to home base, the base runner entitled to third
base 'shall be declared out by the umpire for the
coacher's interference with and prevention of the legiti-
mate play. If one base runner passes another on the
paths, the runner so passing shall be declared out.
SEC. 19. If one or more members of the team at bat
stand or collect at or around a base for which a base
runner is trying, thereby confusing the fielding side and
adding to the difficuUv' of making such play, the base
SCIENCE OP BASEBALL
runner shall be declared out for the interference of his
team-mate or team-mates.
SEC. 20. If with one or none out and a runner on
third -ba'se, the batsman interferes with the catcher,
the base runner shall be declared out.
Rule 57. When Umpire Shall Declare an Out.
The umpire shall declare the batsman or base run-
ner out, without waiting for an appeal for such decision,
in all cases where such player be put out in accordance
with any of these rules, except Sections 13 and 17 of
Rule 56.
Rule 58. Coaching Rules.
The coacher shall be restricted to coaching the base
runner, and then only in words of assistance and direc-
tion in running bases. He 'shall not, by words or signs,
incite or try to incite the spectators to demonstrations,
and shall not use language which will in any manner
refer to or reflect upon a player of the opposite club,
the umpire or the spectators. Not more than two coach-
ers, who must be players in the uniform of the team at
bat, shall be allowed to occupy the space between the
players' and the coachers' lines, one near first and the
other near third base, to coach base-runners. If there
be more than the legal number of coachers or this rule
be violated in any respect, the umpire must order the
illegal coacher or coachers to the bench, and if his order
be not obeyed within one minute, the umpire shall assess
a fine of $5.00 against each offending player, and upon
a repetition of the offense, the offending player or
players shall be debarred from further participation in
the game, and shall leave the playing field forthwith.
Rule 5J>. The Scoring of Runs.
One run shall be 'scored every time a base-runner,
after having legally touched the first three bases, shall
legally touch the home base before three men are put
out; provided, however, that if he reach home on or
during a play in which the third man -be forced out or
be put out before reaching first base, a run shall not
count. A force-out can be made only when a base-run-
ner legally loses the right to the base he occupied by
reason of the batsman becoming a base-runner and he is
thereby obliged to advance a, the result of a fair hit
ball not caught on the fly.
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL
UMPIRES AND THEIR DUTIES.
Rule 60. Power to Enforce Decisions.
The umpire is the representative of the League and
as such is authorized and required to enforce each sec-
tion of this code. He shall have the power to order a
player, captain or manager to do or omit to do any act
which in his judgment is necessary to give force and
effect to one or all of these rules and to inflict penalties
for violations of the rules as hereinafter prescribed. In
order to define their respective duties, the umpire judg-
ing balls and strikes shall be designated as the "Umpire-
in-Chief"; the umpire judging base decisions as the
"Field Umpire."
Rule 61. The TImpire-in-Chief.
SECTION 1. The Umpire-in-Chief shall take position
back of the catcher; he shall have full charge of and
be responsible for the proper conduct of the game.
With exception of the base decisions to be made by the
Field Umpire, the Umpire-in-Chief shall render all the
decisions that ordinarily would devolve upon a single
umpire, and which are prescribed -for "the umpire" in
these Playing Rules.
SEC. 2. He shall call and count as a "ball" any unfair
ball delivered by the pitcher to the batsman. He shall
also call and count as a "strike" any fairly delivered
ball which passes over any portion of the home base,
and within the batsman's legal range as defined in Rule
31 whether struck at or not by the batsman; or a foul
tip which is caught by the catcher "standing within the
lines of his position, within 10 feet of the home base ;
or which, after being struck at and not hit, strikes the
person of the batsman ; or when the ball be bunted
foul by the batsman ; or any foul hit ball not caught on
the fly unless the batsman has two strike's, provided,
however, that a pitched ball shall not be called or count-
ed a "'ball" or "strike" by the umpire until it has passed
the home plate.
SEC. 3. He shall render base decisions in the follow-
ing instances: (i) If the ball is hit fair with a runner
on first, he must go to third base to take a possible
decision; (2) with more than one base occupied, he
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL
shall decide whether or not a runner on third leaves
that base before a fly ball is caught; (3) in case of a
runner being caught between third and home, when
more than one base is occupied, he shall make the de-
cision on the runner nearest the home plate.
SEC. 4 The Umpire-in-Chief alone shall have author-
ity to declare a game forfeited.
Rule 62. The Field Umpire.
SECTION 1. The Field Umpire shall take such posi-
tions on the playing field as in his judgment are best
suited for the rendering of base decisions. He shall
render all decisions at first base and second base, and
all decisions at third -base except those to be made by
the Umpire-in-Chief in accordance with Cection 3,
SEC. 2. He shall aid the Umpirein-Chief in every
manner in enforcing the rules of the game and, with
the exception of declaring a forfeiture, shall have equal
authority with the Umpire-in-Chief in fining or re-
moving from the game players who violate these rules.
Rule 63. No Appeal from Decisions Based on Urn*
pire's Judgment.
There shall be no appeal from any decision of either
umpire on the ground that he was not correct in his
conclusion as to whether a batted ball was fair or foul,
a base-runner safe or out, a pitched ball a strike or ball,
or on any other play involving accuracy of judgment,
and no decision rendered by him 'shall be reversed, ex-
cept that he be convinced that it is in violation of one
of these rules. The captain shall alone have the right
to protest against a decision and seek its reversal on a
claim that it is in conflict with a section of these rules.
In case the captain does seek a reversal of a decision
based solely on a point of rules, the umpire making the
decision shall, if he is in doubt, ask his associate for
information before acting on the captain's appeal. Under
no circumstances shall either umpire criticise or inter-
fere with a decision unless asked to do so by his asso-
ciate.
Rule 64. Duties of Single Umpire.
If but one umpire be assigned, his duties and juris-
diction shall extend to all points, and he shall be per-
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL
mitted to take his stand in any part of the field that in
his opinion will best enable him to discharge his duties.
Rule 65. Must Not Question Decisions.
Under no circumstances shall a captain or player dis-
pute the accuracy of the umpire's judgment and decision
on a play.
Rule 66. Clubs Cannot Change Umpires.
.The umpire cannot be changed during a champion-
ship game by the consent of the contesting clubs unless
the official in charge of the field be incapacitated from
service by injury or illness.
Rule 67. Penalties for Violation of the Rules.
SECTION i. In all cases of violation of these rules, by
either player or manager, the penalty shall be prompt
removal of the offender from the game and grounds,
followed by a period of such suspension from actual
service in the club as the President of the League may
fix. In the event of removal of player or manager by
either umpire, he shall go direct to the club house and
remain there during progress of the game, or leave
the grounds ; and a failure to do so will warrant a
forfeiture of the game by the umpire-in-chief.
SEC. 2. The umpire shall assess a fine of $5 against
each offending player in the following cases: (i) If
the player intentionally discolor or damage the ball;
(2) if the player fail to be seated on his bench within
one minute after ordered to do so by the umpire; (3)
if the player violate the coaching rules and refuse to be
seated on his bench within one minute after ordered to
dp so by the umpire: (4) if the captain fail to notify
him when one player is substituted for another.
SEC. 3. In cases where substitute players show their
disapproval of decisions by yelling from the bench, the
umpire shall first give warning. If the yelling continues
be shall fine each offender $10.00, and if the disturbance
is still persisted in he shall clear the bench of all sub-
stitute players; the captain of the team, however, to
have the privilege of 'sending to the club house such
substitutes as are actually needed to replace players in
the game.
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL
Rule 68. Umpire to Report Violations of the Rules.
The umpire shall, within twelve hours after fining or
removing a player from the game, forward to the
therefor.
Rule 69.
Immediately upon being informed by the umpire that
a fine has been imposed upon any manager, captain or
player, the President shall notify the person so fined
and also the club of which he is a member; and, in the
event of the failure of the person so fined to pay to the
Secretary of the League the amount of said fine within
five days after notice, he shall be debarred from par-
ticipating in any championship game or from sitting on
a player's bench during the progress of a championship
game until such fine be paid.
Rule 70.
When the offense of the player debarred from the
game be of a flagrant nature, such as the use of obscene
language or an assault upon a player or umpire, the
umpire shall within four hours thereafter forward to
President a report of the penalty inflicted and the cause
the President of the League full particulars.
Rule 71. Warning to Captains.
The umpire shall notify both captains before the
game, and in the presence of each other, that all the
playing rules will be strictly and impartially enforced,
and warn them that failure on their part to co-operate
in such enforcement will result in offenders being fined,
and, if necessary to preserve discipline, debarred from
the game.
Rule 72. On Ground Rules.
SECTION I. Before the commencement of a game the
umpire shall see that the rules governing all the ma-
terials of the game are strictly observed.
SEC. 2. In case of spectators overflowing on the play-
ing field, the home captain 'shall make special ground
rules to cover balls batted or thrown into the crowd,
provided such rules be acceptable to the captain of the
visiting club. If the latter object, then the umpire shall
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 93
have full authority to make and enforce such special
rules, and he shall announce the scope of same to the
spectators.
SEC. 3. In all cases where there are no spectators on
the playing field, and where a thrown ball goes into a
stand for spectators, or over or through any fence sur-
rounding the playing field, or into the players' bench
(whether the ball rebounds into the field or not), the
runner or runners shall be entitled to two bases. The
umpire in awarding such bases 'shall be governed by
the position of the runner or runners at the time the
throw is made.
SEC. 4. The umpire shall also ascertain from the
home captain whether any other special ground rules
are necessary, and if there be he shall advise the oppos-
ing captain of their 'scope and see that each is duly
enforced, provided they do not conflict with any of
these rules and are acceptable to the captain of the
visiting team.
Rule 73. Official Announcements.
The umpire shall call "Play" * at the hour appointed
for the beginning of a game, announce "Time" at its
legal interruption and declare ^Game" at its legal ter-
mination. Prior to the commencement of the game he
shall announce the batteries, and during the progress of
the game shall announce each change of players. In
case of an overflow crowd, he shall announce the spe-
cial ground rules agreed upon, and he 'shall also make
announcement of any agreement entered into by the
two captains to stop play at a specified hour.
Rule 74. Suspension of Play.
The umpire shall suspend play for the following
causes :
1 If rain fall so heavily as in the judgment of the
umpire to prevent continuing the game, in which case
he shall note the time of suspension, and 'should rain
fall continuously for thirty minutes thereafter he shall
terminate the game.
2 In case of an accident which incapacitates him or
a player from service in the field, or in order to remove
from the grounds any player or spectator who has vio-
94 SCIENCE OF BASEBALL
lated the rules, or in case of fire, panic or other extraor-
dinary circumstances.
3. In suspending play from any legal cause the um-
pire shall call "Time"; when he calls "Time," play
shall be suspended until he calls "Play" again, and dur-
ing the interim no player shall be put out, base be run
or run be scored. "Time" shall not be called by the
umpire until the ball be held by the pitcher while stand-
ing in his position.
Rule 75. Field Rules.
No person shall be allowed upon any part of the field
during the progress of a game except the players in
uniform, the manager of each side, the umpire, such
officers of the law as may be present in uniform, and
such watchmen of the home club as may be necessary
to preserve the peace.
Rule 76.
No manager, captain or player -shall address the spec-
tators during a game except in reply to a request for
information about the progress or state of the game
or to give the name of a player.
Rule 77.
Every club shall furnish sufficient police force to pre-
serve order upon its own grounds, and in the event of a
crowd entering t the field during the progress of a game,
and interfering with the play in any manner, the visit-
ing club may refuse to play until the field be cleared.
If the field be not cleared within 15 minutes thereafter,
the vi-siting club may claim and shall be entitled to the
game by a score of nine runs to none (no matter what
number of innings has been played).
Rule 78. General Definitions.
"Play" is the order of the umpire to begin the game
or to resume it after its suspension.
Rule 79.
"Time" is the order of the umpire to suspend play.
Such suspension mtrst not extend beyond the day.
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 95
Hule SO.
"Game" is the announcement of the umpire that the
game is terminated.
Rule 81.
"An inning" is the term at bat of the nine players
representing a club in a game and is completed when
three of such players have been legally put out.
Rule 82.
"A Time at Bat" is the term at bat of a batsman. It
begins when he takes his position, and continues until
he is put out or becomes a base-runner. But a time at
bat shall not be charged against a batsman who is
awarded first base by the umpire for being hit by a
pitched ball or on called balls or when he makes a
sacrifice hit, or for interference by the catcher.
Rule 83.
"Legal" or "Legally" signifies as required by these
rules.
Rule 84. Tlie Scoring Rules.
To promote uniformity in scoring championship games
the following instructions are given and suggestions
and definitions made for the guidance of scorers, and
they are required to make all scored in accordance
herewith.
Rule 85. The Batsman's Record.
SECTION I. The first item in the tabulated score, after
the player'-s name and position, shall be the number of
times he has been at bat during the game, but the ex-
ceptions made in Rule 82 must not be included.
>SEC. 2. In the second column shall be set down the
runs, if any, made by each player.
SEC. 3. In the third column shall be placed the first
base hits, if any, made by each player.
The Scoring of Base Hits.
SEC. 4. A base hit shall be scored in the following
cases :
When the ball from the bat strikes the ground on or
within the foul lines and out of the reach of the fielders.
9 6 SCIENCE OF BASEBALL
When a fair-hit ball is partially or wholly stopped by
a fielder in motion, but such player cannot recover him-
self in time to field the ball to first before the striker
reaches that base or to force out another base-runner.
When the ball be hit with such force to an infielder or
pitcher that he cannot handle it in time to put out the
batsman or force out a base-runner. In a case of doubt
over this class of hits, a base hit should be scored and
the fielder exempted from the charge of an error.
When the ball is hit so slowly toward a fielder that he
cannot handle it in time to put out the batsman or force
out a base-runner.
In all cases where a base-runner is retired by being
hit by a batted ball, unless batted by himself, the bats-
man should be credited with a base hit.
When a batted ball hits the person or clothing of the
umpire, as defined in Rule 54, Section 2.
In no case shall a base hit be scored when a base-
runner is forced out by the play.
Sacrifice Hits.
SEC. 5. In the fourth column shall be placed the sac-
rifice hits.
A sacrifice hit shall be credited to the batsman who,
when no one is out or when but one man is out, ad-
vances a runner a base by a bunt hit, which results in
the batsman being put out before reaching first, or
would so result if it were handled without error.
Fielding Records.
SEC. 6. A sacrifice hit shall also be credited to a
batsman who, when no one is out or when but one man
is out, hits a fly ball that is caught, but results in a run
being scored. This rule will produce higher batting
averages for the team worker and is framed so that
justice may be done to the man who works for his side.
SEC. 7. The number of times, if any, each player
assists in putting out an opponent shall be set down in
the sixth column. An assist should be given to each
player who handles the ball in aiding in a run out or
any other play of the kind, except the one who com-
pletes it.
An assist should be given to each player who handles
the ball in aiding in a run-out or any other play of the
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL
kind, even though he complete the play by making the
put-out.
And generally an assist should be given to each player
who handles or assists in any manner in handling the
ball from the time it leaves the bat until it reaches the
player who makes the put-out, or in case of a thrown
ball, to each player who throws or handles it cleanly,
and in such a way that a put-out results, or would re-
sult if no error were made by a team-mate.
Assists 'should be credited to every player who handles
the ball in the play which results in a base-runner being
called "out" for interference or for running out of line.
Errors.
SEC. 8. An error shall be given in the sixth column
for each misplay which prolongs the time at bat of the
batsman or allows a base-runner to make one or more
bases when perfect play would have insured his being
put out. But a base on balls, a base awarded to a bats-
man by being struck by a pitched ball, a balk, a passed
ball, or wild pitch, shall not be included in the sixth
column.
An error shall not be charged against the catcher
for a wild throw in an attempt to prevent a stolen base,
unless the base runner advance an extra base because
of the error.
An error shall not be scored against the catcher or an
infielder who attempts to complete a double play, unles's
the throw be so wild that an additional base be gained.
In case a base-runner advance a base through the
failure of a baseman to stop or try to stop a ball accu-
rately thrown to his base, the latter shall be charged
with an error and not the player who made such throw,
provided there was occasion for it. If such throw be
made to second base the scorer shall determine whether
the second baseman or shortstop shall be charged with
an error.
In event of a fielder dropping a fly, but recovering
the ball in time to force a batter at another base, he
shall be exempted from an error, the play being scored
as a "force-out."
Stolen Bases.
SEC. g. A stolen 'base shall be credited to the base-
runner whenever he advances a base unaided by a base
98 SCIENCE OF BASEBALL
hit, a put-out, a fielding or a battery error, subject to
. the following exceptions :
In event of a double steal or triple being attempted,
where either runner is thrown out, the other or others
shall not be credited with a stolen base.
In event of a base-runner being touched out after
sliding over a base, he -shall not be regarded as having
stolen the base in question.
In event of a base-runner making his start to steal a
base prior to a battery error, he shall be credited with a
stolen base.
In event of a palpable muff of a ball thrown by the
catcher, when the base-runner is clearly blocked, the
infielder making the muff -shall be charged with an error
and the base-runner shall -not be credited with a stolen
base.
SEC. 10. A wild pitch is a legally delivered ball, so
high, low or wide of the plate that the catcher cannot
or does not stop and control it with ordinary effort, and
as a result the batsman, who becomes a base-runner
or such pitched ball, reaches first base, or a base-runner
advances.
A passed ball is a legally delivered ball that the
catcher should hold or control with ordinary effort, but
his failure to do so enables the batsman, who becomes
a base-runner on such pitched ball, to reach first base,
or a base-runner to advance.
Rule 86.
The Summary shall contain:
SECTION i. The score made in each inning of the
game and the total runs of each side in the game.
SEC. 2. The number of stolen bases, if any, by each
player.
SEC. 3. The number of sacrifice hits, if any, made by
each player.
SEC. 4. The number of sacrifice flies, if any, made by
each player.
SEC. 5. The number of two-base hits, if any, made by
each player.
SEC. 6. The number of three-base hits, if any, made
by each player.
SEC. 7. The number of home runs, if any, made by
each player.
SEC. 8. The number of double and triple plays, if any,
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 99
made by each side and the names of the players par-
ticipating in the same.
SEC. 9. The number of innings each pitcher pitched
in.
SEC. 10. The number of base hits, if any, made off
each pitcher and the number legal at-bats scored against
each pitcher.
SEC. ii. The number of times, if any, the pitcher
strikes out the opposing batsmen.
SEC. 12. The number of times, if any, the pitcher
gives bases on balls.
SEC. 13. The number of wild pitches, if any, charged
to the pitcher.
SEC. 14. The number of times, if any, the pitcher
hits a batsman with a pitched ball, the name or names
of the batsman or batsmen so hit to be given.
SEC. 15. The number of passed balls by each catcher.
SEC. 16. The time of the game.
SEC. 17. The name of the umpire or umpires.
RULES FOR
POST-SEASON CHAMPIONSHIP GAMES.
SEC. i. The pennant-winning club of the National
League and the pennant-winning club of the American
League shall meet annually in a series of games for the
professional baseball championship of the world.
SEC. 2. The emblem of the professional baseball
championship of the world shall be a silver cup of suit-
able size and appropriate design, jointly contributed by
the two leagues.
SEC. 3. The games shall be played under the super-
vision, control and direction of the National Commis-
sion.
SEC. 4. The event shall take place at the end of the
championship season of each year. Seven games shall
constitute a complete series.
SEC. 5. The games shall be conducted according to
the playing rules as provided for by the National
Agreement.
SEC. 6. The National Commission shall promulgate
schedule for the event. Three games shall be scheduled
in each of the cities of the contesting clubs, unless the
commission should otherwise decide. In case it be-
comes necessary to play the seventh game to decide the
event, the commission shall determine the city in which
the game is to be played.
SEC. 7. The clubs entitled to contest for the world's
honor shajl be represented by the Presidents of their
respective leagues and clubs. The Secretary of the
National Commission will be required to notify all of
the players of the contesting teams that they will be held
amenable by the commission to all rules governing
baseball and will be subject to discipline regardless of
contracts.
SEC. 8. The clubs shall continue to play each day
according to the authorized schedule until one of them
SCIENCr OP aA3EBll
has won four games, when the contest shall end, and
the club winning shall be entitled to hold the emblem
of the world's championship during the ensuing base-
ball season.
SEC. 9. The National Commission shall reserve to
itself the right to terminate the series at any time
iliat it deems the interest of baseball demands it, and
to declare one of the contesting clubs the winner of
the championship regardless of previous performances.
SEC. 10. Each of the clubs ^participating in the event
shall guarantee to the National Commission in such
manner as the latter may prescribe, that they will faith-
fully carry out all of the provisions of these rules and
regulations and such others as the commission may
hereafter make to govern the games, and that they
will not exercise an arbitrary right or privilege of
abandoning the series until it has been completed or
the championship determined.
SEC. ii. There shall be two umpires who shall be
invested with the authority and discretion that the play-
ing rules confer, and they shall observe the same gen-
eral instructions with reference to maintaining order
and discipline upon the ball field during these con-
tests that govern them in the performance of their
duties in all other games in their respective leagues.
SEC. 12. The President of the National League and
the President of the American League shall each select
one umpire from their respective leagues, and the um-
pires so chosen shall be assigned to duty and be sub-
ject to the orders of the Chairman of the National
Commission.
SEC. 13. The compensation of the umpires shall be
fixed by the National Commission.
SEC. 14. The expenses of the National Commission
pertaining to these games, the salaries of the umpires,
and other miscellaneous and contingent expenses in
connection therewith, shall be paid out of the funds to
be received by the commission from these games. Should
these funds prove insufficient to this purpose, the bal-
ance shall be paid out of the regular funds of the com-
mission, and should there be a surplus in these funds
it shall be credited each vear to the regular funds of
the commission. All other expenses of both clubs.
or JASEBALL
such as hotel bills and traveling expenses, balls, adver-
tising, policing of grounds, ticket sellers and takers,
incidentals, etc., shall be paid by the club incurring
the same. Should any difference arise at any time
as to the latter expense, the same shall be submitted
to the commission for adjudication and its rinding shall
be conclusive.
SEC. 15. Each contesting club shall preserve its con-
stitutional rights during games played upon its own
grounds with reference to the conduct of its business
affairs in connection therewith, but the visiting club
shall also be allowed its inherent rights and whatever
representation and facilities it may require to properly
protect the interests of the club and its players.
SEC. 16. The rates of admission and the condi-
tions governing the same shall be fixed by and be under
the control of the National Commission.
SEC. 17. The receipts from the games shall be di-
vided as follows :
1. Ten per cent, of the gross receipts from all games
shall be paid to the National Commission.
2. per cent, of the balance, from the first four
games shall form a pool for the players of the two
teams, to be divided 75 per cent, to the winner and 25
per cent, to the loser of the contest.
3. After the 10 per cent, deductions for the com-
mission and the two leagues from all the games and
that which forms the players' pool from the first four
games, the balance of the gross receipts shall be divided
equally between the two clubs.
4. The amount to be paid into the players' pool as
provided by this section shall be paid to the com-
mission, and the same shall be distributed to the
players through the Secretary of the commission.
SEC. 18. In the event that the schedule for a world's
championship series extends beyond the player's con-
tract season, then the salaries of the players who prop-
erly belong to the pennant-winning clubs shall con-
tinue, at the contract rate, to the end of the series of
games scheduled, although only four or more, games
be played.
SEC. 19. The free list shall be suspended during the
SCIENCE OP BASEBALL 103
contest except to representatives of the press and club
officials of the two leagues.
SEC. 20. The winning team shall receive a pennant
and the individual players suitable trophies emblematic
of the championship.
SEC. 21. All questions arising out of the playing for
the world's championship not provided for herein nor
covered by the playing rules shall be dealt with and
decided by the National Commission.
SEC. 22. All clubs of both leagues, whether holding
the cup or challenging for it, hereby agree absolutely
to conform strictly to all the articles of these rules, and
in any cases not herein provided for, to conform to
the decisions of the National Commission.
SEC. 23. These same rules may apply to all other
games played between National and American League
clubs upon application being made to the National Com-
mission, except as to the division of the receipts ex-
clusive of the amount to be paid to the National Com-
mission and the two leagues, which shall be mutually
agreed upon between the clubs participating in such
games, provided, all players shall be paid at their con-
tract prices for all games of this character that they
are obliged to play after the expiration of their con-
tracts.
SEC. 24. After the adoption of this agreement by
the National and American Leagues copies of the same
shall be prepared by the respective leagues and sent to
the President of each club, who shall, on or before the
loth of March of each year, mail a copy to each player
of his club.
104 SCIENCE: OF BASEBALL
WORLD'S CHAMPIONSHIP SERIES
FOR 1912
New York Nationals vs. Boston Americans.
First Game At New York, Oct. 8. Boston 4, New York 3
Batteries Wood and Cady for Boston; Tesreau Crandall and
Myers for New York.
Second Game At Boston, Oct. 9. Tie game, 6 to 6 (eleven
innings). Batteries Collins, Hall, Bedient and Carrigan for
Boston; Mathewson and Wilson for New York.
Third Game At Boston, Oct. 10. New York 2, Boston 1.
Batteries Marquard and Myers for New York; O'Brien, Bedient
and Carrigan for Boston.
Fourth Game At New York, Oct. 11. Boston 3, New York 1.
Batteries Wood and Cady for Boston; Tesreau. Ames and Myers
for New York.
Fifth Game At New York, Oct. 12. Boston 2, New York 1.
Batteries Bedient and Cady for Boston- Mathewson and Myers
for New York.
Sixth Game A't New York, Oct. 14. New York 5, Boston 2.
Batteries Marquard and Myers for New York; O'Brien, Collins
and Cady for Boston.
Seventh Game At Boston, Oct. 15. New York 11, Boston 4.
Batteries Tesreau and Wilson for New York; Wood, Hall and
Cady for Boston.
Eighth Game At Boston, Oct. 16. Boston 3. New York 2.
Batteries Bedient. Wood and Cady for Boston; Mathewson and
Myers for New York.
ATTENDANCE AND RECEIPTS.
Attendance. Receipts.
New York, first game 35,730 $75,127.00
Boston, second game 30,148 58,369.00
Boston, third game 34,624 63,142.00
New York, fourth game 36,502 76,644.00
Boston, fifth game 34,683 63,201.00
New York, sixth game 30,622 66.654.00
Boston, seventh game 32.694 57,196.00
Boston, eighth game 17,034 30,500.00
Total 252,037 $490,833.00
PREVIOUS SERIES FOR THE WORLD'S CHAMPIONSHIP.
1884 Providence
1885 Chicago
1886 Chicago
1887 Detroit
1888 New York
1889 New York
1890 Brooklyn
1903 Boston
1905 New York
1906 Chicago Americans
1907 Chicago
1908 Chicago
1909 Pittsburg
1910 Athletics
1911 Athletics
1912 Boston Americans
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 105
NATIONAL LEAGUE
STANDING OF CLUBS' AT CLOSE OF SEASON.
Club. N.Y. Pitts. Chi. Cm. Phil.St.L.Bklyn.Bos. Won. PC.
New York 12 9 1C 17 15 16 18 103 .682
Pittsburgh ... 8 .. 13 11 14 15 14 18 93 .616
Chicago 13 8 .. 11 1O 15 17 17 91 .607
Cincinnati ... 6 11 10 .. 8 13 16 11 75 .490
Philadelphia . . 5" 8 10 14 . . 11 13 12 73 .480
St. Louis 7 7 7 9 11 .. 10 12 63 .412
Brooklyn 6 8 5 6 9 11 .. 13 58 .379
Boston 3 4 5 11 10 10 9 . . 52 ,340
Lost 48 58 59 78 79 90 95 101
The Chicago- Pittsburgh game at Chicago, October 2, was pro-
tested by the Pittsburgh club and thrown out of the records, tak-
ing a victory from the Chicago club and a defeat from the Pitts-
burgh club.
CHAMPIONSHIP WINNERS IN PREVIOUS YEARS.
1871 Athletics 759
1872 Boston v 830
1873 Boston . 729
1874 Boston 717
1875 Boston 899
1876 Chicago 788
1877 Boston 646
1878 Boston 683
1879 Providence 702
1880 Chicago 798
1881 Chicago .667
1882 Chicago 655
1883 Boston 643
1884 Providence 750
1885 Chicago 770
1886 Chicago 726
1887 Detroit 637
1888 New York 641
1889 New York 659
1890 Brooklyn 667
1891 Boston 630
1892 Boston 680
1893 Boston 667
1894 Baltimore I 695
1895 Baltimore 669
1896 Baltimore 698
1897 Boston 795
1898 Boston 685
1899 Brooklyn 682
1900 Brooklyn . 603
1901 Pittsburgh 647
19O2 Pittsburgh 741
1903 Pittsburgh 650
1904 New York 693
1905 New York 668
1906 Chicago 765
1907 Chicago 704
1908 Chicago 643
1909 Pittsburgh 724
1910 Chicago 675
1911 New York 647
1912 New York , 682
106
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL
CLUB BATTING.
Club. G. AB. R. H. TB. 2B. 3B
N York 154 5067 823 1451 2002 231 88
Pitteb'ghl 152 5252 751 1493 2090 222 129
Chicago 152 5048 756 1398 1953 245 91
Boston . .155 5361 693 1465 1933 227 68
St. Louis 153 5092 659 1366 1791 190 77
Brooklyn. . 153 5141 651 1377 1839 220 73
Phila ...152 5077 670 1354 1861 245 68
Cincin 155 5115 656 1310 1732 183 91
. HB. SH. SB.
48 152 319
39 181 177
42 182 164
35 168 137
27 166 193
32 159 179
42 179 159
19 175 248
PC.
.286
.284
.277
.273
.268
.268
.267
.256
INDIVIDUA]
Name and Club.
Zimmerman, Chicago
Mej'ers New York
L. BA1
G.
145
126
153
143
48
42
143
21
65
28
145
46
103
48
110
81
77
37
145
143
50
141
129
145
86
132
123
120
150
15
42
152
145
148
29
128
16
124
81
65
46
130
122
78
52
24
128
108
130
:TING AVERAGES.
AB. R. H.
557 95 207
371 60 133
593 84 204
478 73 163
108 8 36
39 4 13
558 98 184
67 10 22
257 37 84
46 5 15
558 91 181
121 25 39
359 53 115
132 20 42
416 59 132
252 26 80
244 27 77
57 9 18
540 102 170
538 81 169
80 9 25
502 99 155
479 82 148
559 81 172
241 45 74
464 79 142
453 70 138
431 82 131
587 114 177
53 4 16
113 10 34
583 80 175
624 102 185
558 73 164
51 11 15
458 60 133
31 3 9
436 59 126
239 45 69
121 17 35
97 13 28
528 99 152
451 74 130
163 48 47
111 8 32
59 6 17
486 75 139
332 38 95
436 63 124
SB.
23
8
27
16
4
1
36
3
13
26
1
8
35
3
8
5
36
25 .
ii
37
29
11
30
16
35
45
*i
16
19
23
7
16
11
10
2
2
20
11
22
1
1
22
1
15
PC.
.372
.358
.344
.341
.333
.333
.330
.328
.327
.326
.324
.322
.320
.318
.317
.317
.336
.316
.315
.314
.313
.309
.309
.308
.307
.306
.305
.304
.302
.302
.301
.300
.296
.294
.294
.290
.290
.289
.289
.289
.289
.288
.288
.288
.288
.288
.286
.286
.284
Sweenev, Boston
Evers Chicago
Bresnaban, St. Louis . . .
McCormick, New York . . .
Dovle New York
Knisely, Cincinnati
Lobert Philadelphia
Wiltse, New York
" Wagner, Pittsburgh
Hendrix, Pittsburgh
Kirke Boston ... .
Kellv Pittsburgh
Marsans, Cincinnati
Kling Boston
Donlin Pittsburgh
Stengel, Brooklyn
Paskert, Philadelphia
Konetchy, S't. Louis
Crandall, New York
Titus, Philadelphia-Boston
Merkle New York
Daubert, Brooklyn
W. Miller, Chicago
S. Magee, Philadelphia . .
Wheat Brooklyn
Huggins, St. Louis
Carev Pittsburgh
Edington, Pittsburgh . . .
Simon Pittsburgh
J. Wilson, Pittsburgh . . .
Campbell, Boston
Hoblitzell. Cincinnati . . .
Burns New York
Lee Magee, St. Louis ....
M. Brown, Chicago ......
Devlin Boston ....
Bates Cincinnati
A. Wilson, New York . . .
Hvatt Pittsburgh
Bvrne Pittsburgh
Saier Chicago
Shafer New York
Phelps Brooklyn
Graham, Philadelphia . . .
J. Smith, Brooklyn
Houser, Boston
Cravath, Philadelphia ....
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL
107
PITCHING AVERAGES
Name and Club.
G.
PO.
A.
E.
PC.
Robinson, Pittsburgh
33
g
40
1000
C. Brown, Boston ,
.... 31
4
42
1000
Willis, St. Louis
... 31
3
26
1000
Wiltse, New York
28
5
40
1000
Adams, Pittsburgh
, . . . 28
2
36
1000
Rixev. Philadelphia
23
4
35
1000
C. Smith, Chicago ,
. . . . 21
2
29
1000
Rucker, Brooklyn
45
5
82
1
.989
Mairquard, New York , ,
34
2
58
'l
.984
Brennan, Philadelphia ,
. . . . 27
7
53
1
.984
Ames, New York
33
6
53
1
.983
Leifield, Pittsburgh-Chicago
19
10
31
1
.976
Steele, St. Louis ,
41
10
66
2
.974
Harmon, St. Louis
. . . . 43
11
87
3
.970
Hendrix, Pittsburgh . , ,
, . . . 39
7
91
3
.970
Benton, Cincinnati
. . . . 50
13
78
3
.968
Alexander, Philadelphia
. . . . 46
10
75
3
.966
Sallee, St. Louis
. . . . 48
17
61
3
.963
O'Toole, Pittsburgh
37
3
75
3
.963
Suggs. Cincinnati
. . . . 42
14
82
4
.960
Cheniey, Chicago ,
. . . . 42
4
67
3
.959
Reulbach. Chicago
39
8
60
3
.958
Mathewson, New York
43
15
74
4
.957
Crandall, New York
37
4
41
2
.957
Curtis, Philadelphia-Brooklyn . . .
. . . . 29
3
37
2
.952
Hess, Boston
33
11
47
3
.951
Knetzer. Brooklyn
. . . . 33
4
34
2
.950
Tyler, Boston
. . . . 42
15
75
5
.947
Lavender, Chicago
42
8
64
4
.947
Stack, Brooklyn
. . . . 28
2
34
2
.947
Ragan, Brooklyn
. . . . 36
11
40
3
.944
M. Brown, Chicago
15
1
15
1
.941
Camnitz, Pittsburgh
. . . . 41
4
59
4
.940
Kent, Brooklyn
.... 20
2
29
2
.939
Barger, Brooklyn
. . . . 16
2
29
2
.939
Allen, Brooklyn
20
2
28
2
.938
Donnelly, Boston
37
7
51
4
.935
Tesreau, New York
36
9
63
5
.935
Humphries, Cincinnati
. . . . 30
6
33
3
.929
Seaton, Philadelphia
. . . . 44
9
55
5
.928
Perdue, Boston
. . . . 37
6
45
4
.927
Moore, Philadelphia
. . . . 31
4
34
3
.927
Richie, Chicago
39
2
57
5
.922
Geyer, St. Louis
41
7
49
5
.918
Dickson, Boston
. . . . 36
4
63
6
.918
Fromme, Cincinnati
. . . . 43
7
76
9
.902
Yingling, Brooklyn
... 25
7
36
5
.896
Cole, Chicago, -Pittsburgh
. . . . 20
1
21
3
.880
Dale. St. Louis
19
3
10
2
.867
Slmltz, Philadelphia
. . . . 22
4
17
4
.840
Keef e, Cincinnati . .
17
3
18
4
.840
Woodburn, St. Louis
. . . . 20
2
10
5
.7w;
108 SCIENCE OF BASEBALL
AMERICAN LEAGUE
STANDING OF CLUBS AT CLOSE OF SEASON.
Club.
Bos. Wash.
Phila.
Chic.
Clev. Det
. St.L.N.Y
.Won
PC.
Boston
12
15
1C
11
15
17
19
105
.691
Washington . .
10
7
13
18
14
14
15
91
.599
Philadelphia .
7
13
10
14
13
1C
17
90
.592
Chicago
6
9
12
11
14
13
13
78
.506
Cleveland
, 11
4
8
11
13
15
13
75
.490
Detroit
c
8
9
8
9
13
16
09
.451
St. Louis
5
8
6
9
7
9
9
53
.344
New York . . .
2
7
5
9
8
6
13
50
.329
Lost 47 61 62 7G 78 84 101 102
CHAMPIONSHIP WINNERS IN PREVIOUS YEARS.
1900 Chicago , 607
1901 Chicago 610
1902 Athletics 610
1903 Boston 659
1904 Boston 617
1905 Athletics 621
1906 Chicago 614
1907 Detroit 613
1908 Detroit 588
1909 Detroit 645
1910 A,thtetics 680
1911^Athletics 669
1912 Boston 691
CLUB BATTING AVERAGES.
Club. G. AB. R. H. 2B. 3B. HR. SH. SB. PC.
Philadelphia . .153 5111 779 1442 203 108 22 201 259 .282
Boston 154 50(59 794 1403 268 85 28 190 186 .277
Cleveland 155 5148 676 1404 220 75 10 208 195 .273
Detroit 154 5146 720 1374 192 87 18 151 275 .267
New York .. .153 5089 630 1321 170 78 18 152 245 .260
Washington . .154 5070 698 1299 197 86 17 144 262 .256
Chicago 158 5183 638 1319 176 79 17 211 212 .254
S't. Louis 157 5085 652 1262 165 70 19 139 176 .248
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL
109
INDIVIDUAL BATTING
AVERAGES.
Name and Club.
G.
AB.
R.
H.
SB.
PC.
Cobb, Detroit
140
553
119
227
61
.410
Jackson, Cleveland
152
572
121
226
35
.395
Speaker, Boston
153
580
136
222
52
.383
Borton, Chicago
31
105
15
39
1
.371
Lajoie, Cleveland
117
448
66
165
18
:368
Lelivelt, New York
36
149
12
54
7
.362
Collins, Philadelphia
153
543
137
189
63
.348
Baker, Philadelphia
149
577
116
200
40
.347
Veach, Detroit
23
79
8
27
2
.342
Cree, New York
50
190
25
63
12
.332
Mclnnes, Philadelphia . .
153
568
83
186
27
.327
Crawford, Detroit
149
581
81
189
41
.325
D. Murphy, Philadelphia
36
130
27
42
8
.323
Hemriksen, Boston
37
56
20
18
.321
Williams, Washington . .
56
157
14
50
'2
.318
E. Murphy, Philadelphia.
33
142
24
45
7
.317
Gardner, Boston
143
517
88
163
25
.315
Chapman, Cleveland ....
31
109
29
34
10
.312
Easterly, Chicago "
93
241
22
75
4
.311
Laporte, Washington . . .
119
402
45
125
10
.311
Brief, St. Louis
15
42
9
13
2
.310
Turner, Cleveland
103
370
54
114
19
.308
Krug, Boston
15
39
6
12
2
.308
Milan. Washington
154
601
105
184
88
.306
Gandil, Washington
117
443
59
135
21
.305
Griggs, Cleveland
89
273
29
83
10
.304
Pratt, St. Louis
151
570
76
172
24
.302
Stahl, Boston
95
326
40
98
13
.301
Oldring, Philadelphia . . .
98
395
61
' 119
17
.301
Wolverton, New York . .
33
50
6
15
1
.300
McConnell, New York . . .
42
91
11
27
.297
Bodie, Chicago
137
472
58
139
i2
.294
Jones, Detroit
97
316
54
93
16
.294
Lapp, Philadelphia
90
281
26
82
3
.292
Williams, St. Louis
64
216
32
63
18
.290
Shotten, St. Louis
154
580
87
168
35
.290
Collins, Chicago
153
579
75
168
26
.290
Wood, Boston
43
124
17
36
.290
Strunk, Philadelphia . . .
120
412
58
119
29
.289
Paddock, New York
46
157
26
45
9
.287
Ford, New York
39
112
15
32
2
.286
Delehanty, Detroit
78
266
34
76
9
.286
Schalk, Chicago
23
63
7
18
2
.286
Foster, Washington
154
618
98
176
27
.285
Lewis, Boston
154
581
85
165
9
.284
Gardiner, New York
43
160
14
45
11
.281
Compton, St. Louis ....
100
268
26
75
11
.280
Johnson, Cleveland
43
164
22
46
8
.280
Mullen, Detroit
37
90
13
25
.278
Moeller, Washington
132
519
90
143
30
.276
Dubuc, Detroit
36
105
16
29
.276
Carisch, Cleveland
24
69
4
19
*3
.275
Chase, New York
131
522
61
143
33
.274
Daniels, New York ....
133
496
72
136
37
.274
Wagner, Boston
C. Walker, Washington
144
36
504
110
75
22
138
30
21
11
.274
.273
Hartzell, New York . . .
123
416
50
113
20
.272
Rath, Chicago . N
157
591
104
161
30
.272
Callahan, Chicago
111
408
45
111
19
.272
Steen, Cleveland
22
48
5
13
4
.271
110
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL
INDIVIDUAL BATTING AVERAGES Continued.
Ryan, Cleveland. 93
328
53
69
12
.271
Sweeney, New York 110
351
37
94
6
.268
Plank, Philadelphia 34
90
5
24
.267
Lord, Chicago 151
570
81
152
28
.267
AMERICAN LEAGUE
PITCHING AVERAGES.
Name and Club.
G.
PO.
A.
E.
PC.
Coombs, Philadelphia
54
16
66
1000
Plank, Philadelphia
34
6
68
1000
White, Chicago
28
5
46
1000
Baumgardner, St. Louis
28
4
61
i
.985
Cashion, Washington
33
15
40
1
.982
Quinn, New York
16
4
39
1
.977
Wood, Boston
43
41
110
4
.974
Bedient, Boston
34
6
67
2
.973
Dubuc, Detroit
36
12
91
3
.972
Kahler, Cleveland
32
12
46
2
.967
Brown, Philadelphia
30
10
72
3
.965
Johnson, Washington
53
15
93
4
.964
Engle, Washington
15
27
1
.964
Collins, Boston
26
3
45
2
.960
Hall, Boston
32
9
59
3
.958
Baskette, Cleveland
19
4
19
1
.958
Blanding, Cleveland
36
9
77
4
.956
Bender, Philadelphia
26
6
36
2
.955
Ford, New York
34
13
88
5
.953
Steen, Cleveland
22
7
34
2
.953
Peters, Chicago
23
6
52
3
.951
O'Brien, Boston
35
10
83
5
.949
Willett, Detroit
37
12
113
7
.947
E. Brown, St. Louis
21
2
31
2
.943
Cicotte, Chicago
26
10
69
5
.940
Lake, Detroit
33
4
73
5
.939
Caldwell, New York
39
2
59
4
.938
Vaughn, Washington
22
5
53
4
.935
Houck, Philadelphia
25
7
50
4
.934
Hamilton, St. Louis
36
9
57
5
.930
Mullen, Dertoit
37
8
70
6
.929
Gregg, Cleveland
33
10
61
6
.922
Powell, St. Louis
31
3
52
5
.917
McConnell, New York
42
9
75
8
.913
Fisher, New York
16
3
38
4
.911
Walsh, Chicago
61
22
140
15
.910
Allison, St. Louis
27
4
46
5
.909
Groome, Washington
42
13
77
9
.909
Lange, Chicago
36
6
42
5
.906
Warhop, New York
37
3
64
7
.905
Hughes, Washington
30
6
57
7
.900
Works, Detroit
22
2
51
6
.898
Benz. Chicago
38
10
77
10
.897
Mitchell, Cleveland
22
8
30
6
.864
SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 111
PACIFIC COAST LEAGUE
STANDING OF CLUBS AT CLOSE OF SBAJ
Club. Won.
Oakland 1 2o
SON.
Lost.
83
83
93
100
115
121
P.C.
.591
.587
.542
.459
.436
.376
Vernon
118
Los Angeles
no
Portland ....
85
S"an Francisco ...
89
Sacramento
73
CHAMPIONSHIP WINNERS IN PREVIOUS YEARS.
1903 Los Angeles 630
1904 Tacoma 589
1Qft . f Tacoma (1st series) * 583
I Los Angeles (2d series) 6O4
1906 Portland 657
1907 Los Angeles 608
1908 Los Angeles 585
1909 San Francisco . . . ; 622
1910 Portland 567
1911 Portland 589
1912 Oakland 591
* In play-off Los Angeles won.
INDIVIDUAL BATTING AVERAGES.
Name and Club. G. AB. R. H. SB. PC.
Bryam, Sacramento 16 30 4 12 . . .400
Mclntyre, San Francisco .. 41 152 24 58 .. .382
D. Howard, San Francisco 98 344 42 123 19 .358
Fitzgerald, Portland ...... 52 155 27 55 13 .355
Cunningham, Portland 11 36 7 13 . . .361
Heitmuller, Los Angeles 151 556 68 186 27 .335
Daley, Los Angeles 174 639 90 212 54 ^332
R. Williams, San Francisco. . 15 25 2 8 .. .320
Bayless, Vernon 199 716 118 228 44 .318
Lindsay, Portland 89 318 33 101 7 .318
Nagle, Los Angeles 23 38 6 12 1 .316
R. Brashear, Vernon 192 692 108 217 27 .314
Van. Buren, Sacramento . . . 127 383 48 120 15 .314
Kane, Vernon 169 616 124 191 66 .310
Delmas, Oakland 16 42 5 13 1 .310
Doane, Portland 146 505 65 156 47 .309
Delhi, San Francisco 16 39 4 12 1 .308
Pope, Oakland -...10 13 1 4 .. .308
Rodgers, Portland 184 705 84 216 28 .306
Zimmerman, San Francisco 69 255 25 78 11 .306
Patterson, Oakland 138 515 85 157 30 .305
Hartley, San Francisco . . . 119 422 38 129 18 .305
Sharpe, Oakland 101 357 29 107 4 .300
Krueger, Portland 162 586 73 175 28 .299
Hetling, Oakland 202 708 95 210 33 .297
Coy, Oakland 184 639 115 190 25 .297
Butler, Portland 52 192 23 57 10 ,297
112 SCIENCE OF BASEBALL
PITCHING
AVERAGES.
Name and Club.
G.
PO.
A.
E.
PC.
Munsell, Sacramento ,
19
3
44
1000
Pernoll, Oakland
19
4
39
1000
Gaddy, Sacramento
.... 18
14
1000
Leverenz, Los Angeles
52
13
83
1
.990
Christian, Oakland
48
16
63
1
.988
Slagle, Los Angeles
42
17
60
1
.987
Schwenck, Sacramento
.... 22
6
50
1
.983
Parkin, Oakland
.... 26
9
47
1
.982
Baum, Vernon
.... 37
8
81-
2
.978
Klawitter, Portland
57
21
108
3
.977
John Williams, Sacramento
41
9
79
2
.977
Abies, Oakland
.... 45
10
73
2
.976
Arellanos, Sacramento
43
25
101
4
.969
Suter, Portland
.... 21
5
26
1
.960
Arlett, San Francisco
11
8
22
1
.968
Chech, Los Angeles
50
17
97
4
.966
Killilav, Oakland
.... 20
4
44
2
.960
Brackenridge, Vernon
34
20
76
5
.950
Stewart, Vernon
.... 39
21
47
3
.958
Henley, San Francisco
.... 45
16
74
4
.957
Hall<a, Los Angeles
40
14
85
5
.952
Malarkey, Oakland
40
7
52
3
.952
Carson, Vernon
45
9
66
4
.949
Raleigh, Vernon
.... 35
13
76
5
.947
Gray, Vernon
46
9
41
3
.943
Hitt, Vernon
.... 42
19
94
7
.942
Gilligan, Sacramento
43
13
81
6
.940
Fanning, San Francisco
.... 35
15
47
4
.939
Harknoss, Portland
.... 39
18
48
4
.938
Higginbotham, Portland
42
18
69
6
.935
Koestner, Portland
53
18
101
9
.930
Fitzgerald, Sacramento
28
7
58
5
.929
Castleton, Vernon
.... 31
8
55
5
.926
Delhi, San Francisco
.... 16
12
23
3
.921
Tozer, Los Angeles
.... 40
20
72
8
.920
Byram, Sacramento
16
3
29
3
.914
Miller, San Francisco
47
14
. 69
8
.913
Gregory, Oakland
37
17
99
10
.913
Flater, Los Angeles
15
1
20
2
.913
Perritt, Los Angeles
11
4
27
3
.912
Vernon, Los Angeles
.... 10
10
1
.909
Nagle, Los Angeles
.... 23
5
34
4
.907
McCorry, San Francisco
45
6
58
7
.901
Baker, San Francisco
40
12
58
8
.897
Toner, San Francisco
.... 27
5
38
5
.896
Bonner, San Francisco
10
1
14
2
.882
Olmstead, Oakland
10
7
1
.875
Durbin, Oakland
15
2
18
3
.870
Gregg, Portland
30
5
31
6
.857
Pope, Oakland
.... 10
1
11
2
.857
Temple, Portland -Vernon
.... 19
4
14
5
.782
DON'T WEAR A
TRUSS!
After Thirty Years' Experience
1 Have Produced An Appli-
ance for Men, Women or
Children That Cures
RUPTURE.
I Send It On Trial
C. E. Brooks, Inventor, of the Appliance
If you have tried
most everything else,
come to me. Where
others fail is where I
have my greatest
success. Send attached coupon today and I will
send you free my illustrated book on Rupture and its
cure, showing my Appliance and giving you prices
and names of many people who have tried it and
were cured. It gives instant relief when all others
fail. Remember I use no salves, no harness, no lies.
I send on trial to prove what I say is true. You
are the judge and once having seen my illustrated
book and read it you will be as enthusiastic as my
hundreds of patients whose letters you can also read.
Pill out free coupon below and mail today. It's well
worth your time whether you try my Appliance or not.
FREE INFORMATION COUPON
Mr. C. E. Brooks, 1560 State St. Marshall, Mich.
Please send me by mail, in plain wrapper, your
illustrated book and full information about your Ap-
pliance for the cure of rupture.
Name
Address
City . State
MKN ANY AGE:
Made strong and vigorous. Get Turko Giant Oint-
ment. Applied direct, strengthens, develops, invig-
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box, sealed in plain wrapper, 20c. ; large box, $1.00 ;
3 boxes, $2.50. Sent anywhere prepaid. Call or
write.
DEAN & DEAN
Dept. R
634 Third Avenue New York
HER-CU-LIN, the giant developer for
men's vitality, that gives results* If
you still have ambition to enjoy life get
Her-cu-lin, the "Improved Method*"
Powerful Virile invigoration quickly
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brings you proving size at once from
B. A. OSWALD CO.
318-32O WEST 42d ST. NEW YORK
CONFESSIONS
of
Estelle Ramon, Some Other Girls and Daisy
The Warmest little book ever published. Contains
nearly 150 pages and 32 vivid pictures in Darkest
Chicago. Price 25c. Remit in any form that suits
your convenience, except stamps.
ADDRESS
Kentucky Book Company
P. O. Box 565
PHILPOT, KENTUCKY
fMaccv Ron DiMiiroc GENUINE PHOTOGRAPHS
UlaSSy Lien rlCTUreS or BEAUTIFUL WOMEN i
Exquisite Art Studies in Bewitching Poses! Portraying
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By ordering from this ad. vou will receive no prints
or cheap trash, as we sell nothing but REAL PHOTOS
of Female Loveliness made by a regular photographer. Far
from the ordinary Exquisite portrayals of real art!
A large part of these photos were made in France and
cannot be surpassed in this country at any price.
Cabinet size (3^x5^), on best quality double weight
photo paper; 3 for 25c. ; 8 for 50c. Our dollar special: 8
of the cabinet size, two 2^x3^, eight 1^x2^. six, 154x2,
68 small ones, one "Love in Three Acts," and one fine
large 6^x8^2 photo for framing; every one a genuine
photograph. The whole lot for only $1.00 postpaid. En-
close lOc. extra for sealed postage. Your money back if
not exactly as represented!
TEN BOOKS FOR 1O CENTS
1-Big Joke Book, 2-Book on Magic, 3-Book
1 on Toy Making, 4-Book on Courtship, 5-
Baseball Book, 6-Dream Book and Fortune
Teller, 7-Book Letter Writer, 8-Cook Book,
, 9-Home Entertainer, 10-White Slave Story
Book. All the above by mail for 10 cents.
Address
8. 8. KING CO., AKDOTER, OHIO
FOR MEN:
A QUICK, SAFE AND
POSITIVE TREATMENT FOR
GONORRHOEA AND GLEET
THOUSANDS HAVE USED AND FOUND
IT THE ONE BEST REMEDY
Discharges, Inflammations and Irritations of the Kidneys,
Bladder and Urinary Organs permanently relieved in 2 to 5
days. Warranted harmless, Non-Injective. Stricture
impossible. Bona-fide Guarantee to cure or money back.
PRICE, 50 CENTS The Box of 50 Gaps
Sold by all druggists or sent
postpaid in plain wrapper
THE SAFETY REMEDY CO., BOX C.
CANTON, OHIO
GEDNEY'S
PEARLS
Insist on GEDNEY'S PEARLS
Take Nothing Else
Trade Mark Reg. U. S. GUARANTEED TO CHECK
Tat. Omce a u unnatural discharges of
the urinary organs in 24 hours. A SAFE, SPEEDY and
PERMANENT CURE, PRESCRIBED by Celebrated DOC-
TORS. QUICK RELIEF FOR KIDNEY and BLADDER
trouble. Clears up cloudy or thick urine. One bottle will
prove its value. GEDNEY'S PEARLS the only genuine.
Known as the old reliable over 75 YEARS. Write TO-DAY
for booklet, mailed free, plain sealed envelope. All Druggists,
or bottle by mail $1.00 Plain Package.
J.W.GEONEY, 767 E. 1 33d St., New York, U.S.A.
Guaranteed by J. W. GEDNEY under Pure Food and Drugs
Act, June 30, 1906, as pure and unadulterated.
INJECTION
for
GONORRHOEA and GLEET
No Other Treatment Required
SOLD BY ALL DRUGGISTS
BE A GOOD MIXER, BY ALL MEANS
Hoffman House Bartender's Guide
By CHARLEY MAHONEY
This is a little dif-
ferent from the rest be-
cause it tells more and
tells it better. There is
no part of the business
which is not explained foil
here from the buying ^O
and stocking of a sa-
loon to the temperature at
which wines ought to be
kept, to say nothing about
the recipes for all of the good
and popular drinks. Plenty
of pictures, too.
Sent for fifteen 2-ct. stamps.
RICHARD K. FOX
PUBLISHING CO.
Franklin Sq., N. Y. City
A WIT TAKES HIS PEN IN HAND
Bowery Life
By CHUCK CONNORS
Mayor of Chinatown
You may never have heard
of Chuck Connors, but
makes no difference for
you will know him in-
timately after you have
read this little book and you will
wish it was twice as big. He
writes of life as he has seen it,
and the best part of it is that he
writes just as he talks. Go tot
it.
Sent for fourteen 2-ct. stamps.
RICH Alt 1> M. FOX
PUBLISHING CO.
Franklin SQ.. N. Y. City
IT'S AL.L, FIGURED OUT FOR YOU
Blocking and Hitting
By GEORGE McFADDEN
greatest
in the
Known as the
defensive boxer
world.
A good many punches
are stopped with the face,
but McFadden has changed
all that. He shows how to
block cleverly, how to
punch swiftly, how to
avoid punishment and
wear the other fellow out
by his own efforts. What
he has written he has ac-
tually done in the ring;
also, he posed for the il-
lustrations.
Sent for 7 2-ct. stamps.
RICHARD K. FOX.
PUBLISHING CO.
Franklin Sq., N. Y. City
DO YOU WANT A 46-INCH CHEST
UNITED STATES
NAVY DRILL
By TOM SHARKEY
One of the strongest and best
developed men who ever jumped
over the ropes is Tom Sharkey,
and he says he got his big chest,
his broad back and l\is strong
arms from the -drilling he went
through in the navy. He says
every young fellow can be an
athlete and he tells how here.
He posed for the pictures 28
of them and they're worth
looking- .over. A lesson with
each one.
Sent for seven 2-cent stamps.
RICHARD K. FOX
PUBLISHING CO.
Franklin S^., N. Y, City
INTRODUCING THE CLEVEREST OF ALL
Scientific Boxing
By JAMES J. CORBETT
With Fifty Illustrations and
Photographs
The wonderful boxer who beat
John Li. Sullivan for the cham-
pionship explains a few things in
the game and shows the right
way to send in the hooks and
jabs to get the best possible re-
sults. The world couldn't have
a better teacher, could it? Get
the book and see.
Sent for 7 2-cent stamps.
RICHARD K. FOX
PUBLISHING CO.
Franklin Sq.. N. Y. City '
HERE'S AN INTERESTING EXERCISE
Scientific
Bag Punching
By HARRY SEEBACK
The champion of all bag
punchers, holder of the Police
Gazette Medal and challenger
of the world. Beginning with
the simplest moves, the author
takes the pupil along the line,
step by step, to the most dim-
cult feats known to the pro-
fession. There's an illustra-
tion with every lesson, which
makes it simple.
Sent for seven 2-cent stamps.
RICHARD K. FOX
PUBLISHING CO.
Franklin Sq., N. Y. City
IT IS KEPT UP TO DATE ALWAYS
The
Life and Battles
of Jack Johnson
The latest edition is now out
and tells of the struggles of the
first black champion of the world
to attain the much-coveted title;
it is an interesting story and is
full of facts, to say nothing of
the illustrations, many of which
are remarkably interesting.
Sent for seven 2-cent stamps.
RICHARJD It. FOX
PUBLISHING CO.
Franklin JSq.. N Y City
HAVE THE FIGURE OF A SOLDIER
Army Exercises
By FRANK IDONE
Formerly of the Tenth. Field
Battery
An unusually intelligent artil-
leryman has put on paper the
system of physical culture used
in the United States Army and
the result is this book. To make
it more interesting and complete
he has posed for the illustrations
so that every position is shown
by a plate.
RICHARD K. FOX
PUBLISHING CO.
Franklin Si., X. V City
EVERY MAID CAN BE A VENUS
FOR
WOMEN
Physical Culture
By BELLE GORDON
Police Gazette Champion Bag-
Puncher
Artists have raved over Miss
Gordon's curves and she is very
proud of them because she
helped make them; she would
like to have other women like
her, hence the book. She shows
before the camera the move-
ments and exercises necessary
to produce physical perfection
and it's all very interesting be-
cause she is not only a smart
woman, but a great poser.
Sent for 7 2-cent stamps.
RICHARD K. FOX
PUJBLISH1XG CO.
Franklin Sq.. N. Y. City
YOU WANT TO PLAY TO WIN, OF COURSE
POKER, How to Win
Together with official and latest rules of the
games of Stud, Draw, Straight, Freezout and
Whiskey.
It is the percentage in poker that tells the
story and if you know the value and chances
of the draw you are bound to come out the
top man in any game if it is square. If you
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* *
"*
* *
*+*
*
*
* *
* *
* *
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4* *
* *
play poker every night or once a year you want
this book; and if you know all about the game
from the deuce up, you want it just the same,
for it can show you something that you never
knew before, and that is bound to improve
your play. Sent for six 2-cent stamps.
RICHARD K. FOX PUBLISHING CO., N. Y. CITY
WHEN YOU DO HIT, HIT HARD
The Recognized Authority oil
AND HOW
TO TRAIN
This tells it all, beginning- with
a man who is out of condition
and who knows nothing; if he
is thin it puts meat on his bones;
if he is fat, it takes it off; then
it teaches him how to lead with
the left; after that the right;
then the counter, until it finally
turns him out a boxer. Many of
the champions have posed to
show the different punches and
it is good.
Sent for fourteen 2-ct. stamps.
RICHARD K. FOX
PUBLISHING CO.
Franklin Sq.. N. Y. City
AVHY NOT BE A PERFECT 31 AN?
PHYSICAL CULTURE
by means of
Muscular Resistance and
Breathing Exercises
By PROP. EDWARD ITTMANN
Profusely illustrated with plates
made from photographic poses by
the famous author who shows what
can be done without paraphernalia.
Sent for 7- 2-cent stamps.
RICHARD K. FOX
n m.isii ix; co.
Franklin Sq., tf. Y, City
YOU CAN LEARN TO BE A \VRESTLER
WRESTLING
By Illustrated
FRANK with photo-
GOTCH graphs posed
The for by the
Champion of author, Hack-
the world enschmidt and
many other celebrites
of the mat. All of the
difficult holds shown by
pictures, making 1 it easy
for the pupil to learn
how.
Sent on receipt of
seven 2-cent stamps.
RICHARD K. FOX
ir KMK nix*.; CO.
Franklin Sq., IV. V. City
HERE IS THE ROAD TO HEALTH
PROF. ATTILLA'S
Five Pound
Dumb-bell Exercise
The teacher of Sandow, the
world's greatest athlete, ex-
plains his system in plain lan-
guage and illustrates his les-
son with photographs posed
for by his pupils. Thirty
lessons, with thirty half-tone
plates.
Sent for 7 2-cent stamps.
RICHARD K. FOX
PI'lfiMKf I IXti CO.
Franklin Sq., X. Y. City
IS A MINE OF KIVOWI-EDGK
The Official
Book of Rules
for
All Sports
This tells it all, settles all
doubts, prevents heated argu-
ments and shows you how to do
the right thing at the right time.
Rules for everything from the
shot-put to rat killing. No one
should be without a copy.
Sent for seven 2-cent stamps.
KIC Jl A IU K. FOX
PUBLISHING CO.
Franklin, Sa- N. Y. City
TRULY A GREAT MAN ON THE MAT
SCIENTIFIC
WRESTLING
By
GEO. BOTHNER
For many years
the holder and de-
fender of the
lightweight cham-
pionship and the
Police Gazette
belt. He has put
brains into this
book as well as
lessons and pic-
tures and the re-
sult is all that
there is to be told
about the game.
Sent for four-
teen 2-ct. stamps.
RICHARD K. FOX
PUBLISHING CO.
Franklin SQ., N. Y. City
WHEN IN DOUBT, TURN TO THE BOOK
Fox's
Barber's Book of Recipes
Good for the barber who wants to make his
own Cosmetics, Hair Tonics, Perfumes, Etc.,
because he wants them pure and unadulterated.
A fine trade demands fine gnods and the wise
barber knows it. That is the reason this book
is now in its tenth edition and is still selling 1 .
You can be a manufacturer, if you like and
have the necessary energy, and sell the goods
to other barbers who prefer to take it easy
and let the other fellow make the most money.
Sent on receipt of fourteen 2-cent stamps.
RICHAR1> K. FOX
CO., ST. Y. CITY
YOU CANNOT KNOW TOO MUCH
BRIDGE and WHIST
The most popular game in America and England to-day
It has been the rage on two continents be-
cause it is a great game. The clever, scien-
tific player will win nine games out of ten;
the others will be consistent losers. To deliver
the goods a book like this is necessary. It is
all so plain and simple that you will not have
to sit up all night to study it. If you are
going to play cards at all play them close up
and to win. To do that get the book.
Send for six 2-cent stamps.
RICHARD K.. FOX PUBLISHING CO., N. Y. CITY
University of California Library
/9853
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
'&
