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SCOPE OF SOVIET ACTIVITY IN THE UNITED STATES
HEARING
BEFORE THE
SUBCOMMITTEE TO INVESTIGATE THE
ADMINISTRATION OF THE INTERNAL SECURITY
ACT AND OTHER INTERNAL SECURITY LAWS
OF THE
COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIAEY
UNITED STATES SENATE
EIGHTY-FIFTH CONGRESS
FIRST SESSION
ON
SCOPE OF SOVIET ACTIVITY IN THE
UNITED STATES
JUNE 11, 1957
PART 70
Printed for the use of the Committee on the Judiciary
UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
93215 WASHINGTON : 1957
yqOTK!0^
Boston Public Library
Superintendent of Documents
JAN 29 1958
COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY
JAMES O. EASTLAND, Mississippi, Chairman
ESTES KEFAUVER, Tennessee ALEXANDER WILEY, Wisconsin
OLIN D. JOHNSTON, South Carolina WILLIAM LANGER, North Dakota
THOMAS C. HBNNINGS, Je., Missouri WILLIAM E. JENNER, Indiana
JOHN L. McCLELLAN, Arkansas ARTHUR V. WATKINS, Utah
JOSEPH C. O'MAHONEY, Wyoming EVERETT McKINLEY DIRKSEN, Illinoi
MATTHEW M. NEELY, West Virginia JOHN MARSHALL BUTLER, Maryland
SAM J. ERVIN, Jb., North Carolina ROMAN L, HRUSKA, Nebraska
Subcommittee To Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security
Act and Other Internal Security Laws
JAMES O. EASTLAND, Mississippi, Chairman
OLIN D. JOHNSTON, South Carolina WILLIAM E. JENNER, Indiana
JOHN L. McCLELLAN, Arkansas ARTHUR V. WATKINS, Utah
SAM J. ERVIN, Jr., North Carolina JOHN MARSHALL BUTLER, Maryland
MATTHEW M. NEELY, West Virginia ROMAN L. HRUSKA, Nebraska
Robert Morris, Chief Counsel
J. G. SouRWiNE, Associate Counsel
William A. Rusher, Associate Counsel
Benjamin Mandel, Director of Research
II
CONTENTS
Testimony of- J^J^
Elliott, Roland 4d2»
Korolkoff. Mrs. Nicholas 4328
Lotto, Jack 4337
Samoilow, Mrs. Olga 4339
III
SCOPE OF SOVIET ACTIVITY IN THE UNITED STATES
TUESDAY, JUNE 11, 1957
United States Senate,
Subcommittee To Investigate the
Administration of the Internal Security Act
AND Other Internal Security Laws,
of the Committee on the Judiciary,
New Yovk^ N. Y.
The subcommittee met, pursuant to call, at 2 : 45 p. m., in room 35,
United States Courthouse, Foley Square, New York, N. Y., Senator
Roman L. Hruska presiding.
Also present: Robert Morris, chief counsel; William A. Rusher,
associate counsel ; and Roy Garcia, investigator.
Mr. Morris. Senator, the first witness this afternoon will be Roland
Elliott. Is Roland Elliott in the courtroom?
Senator Hruska. The conunittee will come to order and we will com-
mence our hearings.
Mr. Elliott, you take the stand, please ?
Mr. Elliott. Thank you.
Mr. Morris. Mr. Chairman, before commencing the hearing this
afternoon, I would like to mention that for the last 2 years, last year
and a half at least. Senator, the Senate Internal Security Subcom-
mittee has been studying and analyzing the circumstances surrounding
the defection and the redefection of escapees and refugees who have
come to the United States. In the past, the subcommittee has found
that the Russian officials, Soviet officials in the United States, have
used tactics which have not been legal and have engaged in activities
outside the scope of their authority.
In connection with today's hearing, Senator, we have no evidence in
the public record that there have been any improper activities used
by Soviet officials. However, we are simply looking at the facts.
We have to learn all the circumstances so that, at the proper time,
when we report to the United States Senate, we will be able to present
all the facts surrounding these redef ections.
Senator Hruska. Very well, you may proceed to the questioning
of the witness.
Mr. Morris. Will you stand to be sworn, ]Mr. Elliott, please ?
Senator Hruska. Do you solemnly swear that the testimony which
you are about to give will be the truth, the whole truth, and nothing
but the truth, so help you God %
Mr. Elliott. I do.
4325
4326 SCOPE OF SOVIET ACTIVITY IN THE UNITED STATES
TESTIMONY OF ROLAND ELLIOTT, DIRECTOR, IMMIGRATION SERV-
ICES, DEPARTMENT OF CHURCH WORLD SERVICE OF THE
NATIONAL COUNCIL OF CHURCHES IN THE U. S. A.
Mr. Morris. Will you give your full name and address to the re-
porter, Mr. Elliott ?
Mr. EixiOTT. My name is Roland Elliott, director of the immigra-
tion services. Church World Service, 215 Fourth Avenue, New York
City.
Mr. Morris. And will you tell us generally, what is the function of
the Church World Service?
Mr. Elliott. Mr. Chairman, I think it might save your time for
more specific questions of other witnesses if I give you a general
statement which will answer the question that Mr. Morris has just
asked and extend my remarks in the way that I think may be helpful
to your committee.
Church World Service represents the refugee resettlement activi-
ties of over 30 Protestant and Eastern Orthodox Churches in the
United States. In the past 10 years we have helped provide resettle-
ment opportunities for more than 100,000 refugees and displaced
persons. The overwhelming majority of these people adjust well in
our communities and make a vital contribution to our American cul-
tural and economic life.
It is a matter of grave concern to us, therefore, whenever outside
influences, either directly or indirectly, disturb the American inte-
gration of these refugees whom our agency has sponsored and lead
them to feel that they need to return to Soviet countries from which
they fled, either to protect their own interests or the interests of family
members in their country of origin.
Wliile we recogTiize the right of these people to return to the Soviet
Union, we believe that their decision to return should be a free one, not
based upon threats of any sort.
We believe that our governmental agencies and this committee are
well advised to study their procedures with respect to persons who seek
to return to Iron-Curtain countries. Our agency has cooperated ac-
tively with the Government in explaining and in protecting the rights
of these new Americans but we must emphasize that the responsibility
for their protection rests primarily on the Government rather than on
a voluntary agency such as Church World Service.
We are particularly concerned at this time, Mr. Chairman, with the
apparent evidence that "come home" appeals from relatives in the
Soviet Union are increasing in number and in effectiveness. This
seems to be a new emphasis in the redefection campaign. We hope
your committee will be able to ascertain the extent to which these ap-
peals constitute coercion or harassment by outside influence and to
recommend effective ways in which such intervention may be countered.
In cases like that of Igor Samoilow, Me believe that responsibilities
toward one's family need special consideration before departure is
permitted.
Wliere American-born children are involved, we believe that the
future religious and political liberty of these American-born children
needs to be especially studied and safeguarded, in connection with
the return of any such people to the Soviet Union.
SCOPE OF SOVIET ACnVITY IN THE imiTED STATES 4327
All refugees who have been sponsored by Church World Service
should know — witness the Tanya Romanov case — that our churches
will continue to stand by them — to assist in their welfare and to co-
operate in their protection.
To your committee, Mr. Chairman, we offer our full cooperation
in ways consistent with the character and policies of our churches.
That general statement, Mr. Chairman, with regard to our agency
may be taken as a supplement to the specific questions that will be put
to the other witnesses.
Senator Hruska. Thank you, Mr. Elliott.
Mr. Elliott. If there is any way in which our Church World Serv-
ice can answer any specific questions with regard to the background, the
background experience of these people before they came to this coun-
try, or since they have come, we will be very glad indeed to cooperate
with you.
Senator Hrttska. I want to thank you, Mr. Elliott, not only for the
statement but also for your offer of help. You are making a good
contribution to the efforts of tlie committee.
Mr. Morris, have we any further questions ?
Mr. Morris. Mr. Elliott, just a few questions.
You mentioned here there is an apparent increase in the "come home"
appeals. The Internal Security Subcommittee, too, has been observ-
ing that the tempo has increased with respect to these appeals. Is
there anything you can tell us about that by way of amplifying that
paragrapli, Mr. felliott ?
Mr. Elliott. I think our general observation is that that would be
quite difficult for us to support too factually but it is our impression,
nevertheless, that whereas a year or 2 years ago, there was a redefection
campaign that was largely in the nature of pamphlets, printed material,
disseminated from an office in Europe, either Munich or Berlin, that
latterly, that is, in the past 6 months and, more particularly, in the
last 3 or 4 months, that campaign has shifted largely to one of pressure
through the relatives of people in this country.
Mr. Morris. Now, was that campaign you mentioned that prevailed
a year ago, the campaign being undertaken by General Mikhailov?
Mr. Elliott. That is right, and I am thinking also, Mr. Chairman,
of the activities of certain agents of the foreign governments in this
country who were, themselves, active in bringing pressure to bear upon
people in this country.
Mr. Morris. But, now you say the emphasis more is on letters com-
ing into the United States from relatives ?
Mr. Elliott. I think the emphasis now is through family members
in the Soviet Union who write appeal letters, imploring letters, to their
relatives in this country urging them to come home.
^ Mr. Morris. Senator, I might mention for the record that Mr. El-
liott has testified for us in the case of Tanya Romanow, and also his or-
ganization has given us testimony in connection with the efforts made
on the part of the Soviet officials here to coerce the Russian seamen to
return back to the Soviet Union. So, there is that background to this.
Senator,
Senator Hruska. That is fine.
(Witness excused.)
Mr. Morris. Mrs. Korolkoff, will you come forward, please ?
4328 SCOPE OF SOVIET ACTivnT nsr the imiTED states
Senator Hruska. Do you solemnly swear that the testimony which
you are about to give will be the truth, the whole truth, and nothing
but the truth, so help you God ?
Mrs. KoROLKOFF. I do.
TESTIMONY OF MRS. NICHOLAS KOEOLKOFF
Mr. Morris. Mrs. Korolkoff, nice to see you again. Senator Hruska,
as you know, Mrs. Korolkoff has testified previously before the Senate
Internal Security Subcommittee. She testified in Washington with
her husband. What month was that ?
Mrs. Korolkoff. I think it was last year, in August or July. I
don't remember.
Mr. Morris. 1956.
Mrs. Korolkoff. 1956.
Mr. Morris. Will you give your full name and address to the steno-
typist ?
Mrs. Korolkoff. Mrs. Nicholas Korolkoff.
Mr. Morris. Please spell your name.
Mrs. Korolkoff. K-o-r-o-l-k-o-f-f .
Mr. Morris. What does your husband do, Mrs. Korolkoff ?
Mrs. Korolkoff. He is an employee. I wouldn't like to mention
where.
Mr. Morris. You would rather not, all right. What do you do, Mrs.
Korolkoff?
Mrs. Korolkoff. I am a chicken farmer.
Mr. Morris. You stay home and take care of the chicken farm ?
Mrs. Korolkoff. Yes.
Mr. Morris. I wonder if you would tell us very briefly about what
efforts you and your husband may have made to aid in the resettlement
of escapees from the Soviet Union and other East European countries.
Mrs. Korolkoff. We have supported refugees through Church
World Settlement and resettled them mostly in our community where
there are farmers who need farm help, and after that construction jobs
and domestic servants, and something like that. Wlierever there is a
job open, we get somebody there from the displaced persons.
Mr. Morris. Now, how long have you been doing this work ?
Mrs. Korolkoff. I really don't know. I think it was 1948 when
we started. I really don't know.
Mr. Morris. You do it purely on a voluntary basis ?
Mrs. Korolkoff. Yes.
Mr. Morris. Just as an eleemosynary gesture, in order to help your
former countrymen ?
Mrs. Korolkoff. Yes.
Mr. Morris. And how many people — I think you told us in your pre-
vious testimony, you estimated the number of people you have aided in
the resettlement over here.
Mrs. Korolkoff. We started, I think
Mr. Morris. All told?
Mrs. Korolkoff. About 5,000. Mr. Elliott knows more than I. I
don't know. From 1954 1 know we resettled 500 families.
Mr. Morris. In 1954 alone ?
Mrs. Korolkoff. Since 1954.
Mr. Morris. Since 1954 you have resettled 500 families.
SCOPE OF SOVIET ACTIVITY EN THE UNITED STATES 4329
Mrs. KoROLKOFF. Yes.
Mr. Morris. I think you told us previously that many appeals have
come from abroad to people working in your community.
Mrs. KoROLKOFF. Yes. First, about 2 years ago pamphlets started
to come from New York and from Europe from a post office, return
home, come home, stuff like that.
Mr. Morris. Was that part of General Mikhailov's campaign ?
Mrs. KoROLKOFF. I know nothing about politics. I don't know.
Mr. Morris. Tell us what you do knoAV.
Mrs. KoROLKOFF. And then, after that, we went to Washington and
after that it stopped. And we w^ere very upset about it because people
used to come to us with them and trusted us and we felt they don't
trust us any more, and then a different type of propaganda, how you
call it, special to the Cossacks. After that stopped this last year in
the fall, the letters came to families which didn't hear from IT years
from their relatives. The wife or the son or the uncle or somebody
wrote a letter. First, we asked the people if they wrote Russian ; they
said, "No." And we couldn't understand however did they get the
addresses where the people are living, and I think it should be looked
into, however they know how everybody lives in our section. We have
a rule. The mailman goes around and puts mail in the boxes like
that and there are numbers on the boxes, and about 2 years ago they
changed it because the community is growing. Now again the mail
comes in the new numbers.
Mr. Morris. So you mean the people who are sending these letters,
whether they are pamphlets
Mrs. KoROLKOFF. They know all the addresses.
Mr. Morris. They seem to know the addresses of these people ?
Mrs. KoROLKOFF. That is right and we just can't understand how
this happens.
Mr. Morris. Now, are any of these people living under assumed
names ?
Mrs. KoROLKOFF. Yes.
Mr. Morris. I think you told us before.
Mrs. KoROLKOFF. Yes, I know. I don't want to get anybody in
trouble.
Mr. Morris. I am not going to ask specifically.
Senator, this is a situation that has come up before. It has been
in the public records. At the time of the Yalta Conference, there was
a statement in the Yalta agreement which required all persons born
within the confines of the Soviet Union, that they be returned forcibly
if necessary to the Soviet Union by the Allied Governments and, as a
result of which, more than 1 million people were sent back to the Soviet
Union, and by way of trying to prevent that there were many in-
stances of suicide. People preferred to commit suicide rather than
face being sent back to the Soviet Union.
Now, many of the people, and the number has been estimated be-
tween 20,000 and 40,000, rather than go back to the Soviet Union, as-
sumed false names. In other words, they gave to the authorities in
the United States names that were not — gave a birthplace other than
the confines of the Soviet Union and gave a name that would not be
Russian in origin. In other words, they would assume a Yugoslavian,
a Polish name.
93215— 57— pt. 70 2
4330 SCOPE OF SOVIET ACTIVITY IX THE UNITED STATES
Mrs. KoROLKOFF. That is right. Everybody wanted to be from
Yugoslavia, Bavaria, not the Soviet Union.
Mr. Morris. And, therefore, they were never sent back. It was
misrepresentation. It is the most understandable kind of misrepre-
sentation there is. These people did not want to be forcibly sent back ,
to the slave labor camps of the Soviet Union. Many of them are here.
Some of them are living in Mrs. Korolkoff's community under dif-
ferent names.
Under what names did they receive these "come home" letters ?
Mrs. KoROLKOFF. Under their real names. Sometimes we didn't
even know that he changed his name because his papers always had
a different name, and then he comes with a letter, what he received
a pamphlet, and we asked him if that is your name and why did you
accept it. He said, that is my real name, that is what upsets me.
Senator Hruska. Addressed to the actual residents in the mailbox
where they live ?
Mrs. KoROLKOFF. Yes, sir. This mailbox Kural Delivery 1, is the
same, the street, just a different name, and Avhere he lives on them, his
original name.
Mr. Morris. Are these people now in your community receiving
letters from abroad now ?
Mrs. KoROLKOFF. Yes; they are receiving many letters now from
home.
Mr. Morris. You heard Mr. Elliott testify that the emphasis now
seems to be on relatives and former family members ?
Mrs. KoROLKOFF. Just family ties, calling them back. Mother is
sick or the daughter had a grandchild, and you should come back,
and after 17 years, people get affected and get homesick. And then
Khrushchev's speech, I think, affected a lot of them.
Mr. Morris. Will you tell us about that ?
Mrs. KoROLKOFF. Well, you see, first we heard about it, that Khrush-
chev was going to be on the television, so the rumor went around,
because many of the displaced persons have televisions.
Senator Hruska. The same as they would have if they stayed in
Europe ?
Mrs. KoROLKOFF. They know that.
So, then, all went in one — whoever who had television, who didn't,
came to who had, and after that they came to us and told us, how
come America put on such a program. When the translator was trans-
lating a few times, he said, everything is different. Well, some of
the people are receiving mail and Khrushchev says everything is dif-
ferent, so he starts to think. He starts to believe. Maybe he is right
and then we are afraid. No, maybe it has affected more people to go
back.
Mr. Morris. Do you think the Khrushchev broadcast has had ef-
fect from the Soviet opinion ?
Mrs. KoROLKOFF. That is personally my opinion.
Mr. Morris. Is it your opinion as a result of talking with your
friends ?
Mrs. KoROLKOFF. Yes, because people are talking about it and
before never nobody had any doubt. We know what communism is
and now they already say, well, maybe it is different. When you stop
to think maybe later, you say, well, it is different, maybe. Maybe the
SCOPE OF SOVIET ACTIVITY EST THE "CWITED STATES 4331
Americans are wrong and anything can happen then, because it is a big
thing to be homesick.
Senator Hruska. Is that especially true of those who have been here
a longer time and think that maybe changes occurred ?
Mrs. KoROLKOFF. I don't know w^iat you mean, sir.
Senator Hruska. 7, 8, or 10 years.
Mrs. KoROLKOFF. Nobody is here 10 years.
Senator Hruska. Up to 10 years?
Mrs. KoROLKOFF. Yes.
Mr. Morris. Now, up until recently, have any people in your com-
munity gone back to the Soviet Union ?
Mrs. Korolkoff. Yes, from our community went 1 woman, 1 man^
and these 2 Nidzi brothers now, and the
INIr. Morris. This Nidzi
Mrs. Korolkoff. Sunday they left.
Mr. Morris. Up until a month ago had there been many redef ections
in your community ?
Mrs. Korolkoff. Not many.
Mr. Morris. This is a new development ?
Mrs. Korolkoff. That is right.
Mr. Morris. Wlien was the first redefection ?
]\Irs. Korolkoff. I never found out. It goes quietly rolling. We
find out then somebody is leaving.
Mr. Morris. A\^ien did you first learn of any redefection?
Mrs. Korolkoff. Excuse me?
Mr. Morris. When did you first learn of any redef ections ?
Mrs. Korolkoff. Last year we started to look into that ; something
is going on.
Mr. Morris. Tell us about it.
Mrs. Korolkoff. How did we find out when somebody wants to
leave, how we find out. We see that the person is changing. Before he
goes iDetween other people, he goes to church. He is happy. He has
his home. He likes his job. He is satisfied. Then he stays home,
doesn't want to go no place. Then Ave ask him, what, are you sick?
Wliat is wrong with you ? No, I received a letter and I never thought
my wife is living. Wliat am I going to do now ? I have to send her
packages.
He starts to send packages and starts to correspond and then we just
find out that he is leaving.
Mr. Morris. Now, when was the first — when did the first redefection
take place?
Mrs. Korolkoff. The first woman from our place left this spring,
before Easter. I think it was in March. And then in April, the other
woman left her husband here and went to return and left her home
here, everything. Just picked herself up and went.
Senator Hruska. Did she have any children ?
Mrs. Korolkoff. No; she didn't have any children here; all her
children are in Russia with her first husband. This is her second.
Mr. Morris. Had she received letters ?
Mrs. Korolkoff. Yes.
Mr. Morris. And they were
Mrs. Korolkoff. And pictures, too. At one point a man who used
to work in the Kolkhoz, a labor organization. Now, he works like a
4332 SCOPE OF SOVIET ACTIVITY IN THE "UNITED STATES
carpenter and very handy. He received a letter that his son is a
doctor. He starts to brag about him. The doctor sends a picture
wearing a new suit. It looks like it might not be so bad in Kussia.
Look what nice clothes he has, and then he starts to correspond with
him and then
Senator Hruska. Mrs. Korolkoff, a little bit ago you said you testi-
fied before this committee last August and following that testimony
that people stopped coming to you for advice about these letters?
Mrs. KoROLKorr. That is right.
Senator Hruska. How long did they stop coming to you ?
Mrs. KoROLKOFF. Oh, it took a good half a year before they started
to trust us again.
Senator Hruska. And are they — have they been coming back in
recent months again ?
Mrs. Korolkoff. Yes ; they come to us and tell us they received a
letter. Sometimes they don't even know how to read in Eussian.
They say in Kussia everybody is literate. That isn't true, some of
them don't know how to write. Some come to ask that my husband
should read the letter to them. That is how we find out what is hap-
pening to them.
Mr. Morris. Do more people come to you now about advice than
last August ?
Mrs. KoROLKOFF. Yes. Sometimes they say, what can we do ? Do
you think it is from my wife? How can we answer? We say, write
and ask for a picture. Maybe you can recognize her. Sometimes
17 years ago a husband doesn't recognize his wife. Somebody comes
with a handkerchief over her head. The clothing is different; he
doesn't know what it is. It is his wife.
Mr. Morris. Have any persons received messages by prearrange-
ment from persons who defect to the U. S. S. R. ?
Mrs. KoROLKOFF. Yes.
Mr. Morris. Tell us about that.
Mrs. Korolkoff. Well, a woman when she left her husband here,
they gave her $500. She bought a whole suitcase of evening clothes
and from the 10-cent store jewelry. I pointed out I don't think it is
very practical. She said she wants to take them and then she would
write a letter that they received her in Russia, the music was playing,
the whole town came to the train to meet her and she had seen all her
family and she is very happy, and before she left, she told her husband
that when she is going to write a letter, she is going to mention that
she lost her wedding band from her finger. That means that every-
thing is finished.
Mr. Morris. What do you mean, everything is finished?
Mrs. Korolkoff. I don't know. She took — they took away the
money ; the money they took away.
Mr. Morris. The situation was bad ?
Mrs. Korolkoff. Yes, and she wrote a letter that she lost her wed-
ding band, so he came to the conclusion that she is very poor now,
has nothing left. And then some
Ml'. Morris. In other words, tliat indicated to her that this other
campaign, this other information about her being Avell received, every-
thing real]v not
SCOPE OF SOVIET ACTIVITY IN THE UNITED STATES 4333
Mrs. KoROLKOFF. Yes, just for half a year, mostly. Because it hap-
pened to that JMr. Seherbakov, I think was his name who left for
Paris and
Mr. Morris. Mr. Shepilov ?
Mrs. KoROLKOFF. Seherbakov. I think his name is Seherbakov. He
had a leather jacket and all his friends said, you are not going to
keep long that leather jacket. They are going to take that away
from you. He wrote back a letter from Russia to that friend and said,
you were wrong. I am 4 months here and I still have the leather
jacket on me, and he proved it. He sent a picture. And he still had
this leather jacket on.
Just after that, he received a letter, his friend, where he said that,
you don't like me any more and I am not going to write to you be-
cause I received a 10-year contract.
So, you can make out whatever you want from that. We don't
know what that means.
Mr. Morris. Now, these people in your community, many of them
serve in our military service, do they not ?
Mrs. KoROLKOFF. Yes, the young ones. They came back, some of
them already from the draft. They were drafted.
Mr. Morris. And the overwhelming majority become very good
citizens ; do they not ?
Mrs. Korolkoff. Yes. I was yesterday a witness for one. He was
going to get his papers yesterday. I would say about 20 already are
citizens and very good ones.
Mr. Morris. Now, is there anything more, Mrs. Korolkoff, you can
tell us about this new type of redefection campaign, where the em-
phasis is on personal appeals ?
Mrs. Korolkoff. I wish it would stop somehow because I feel
sorry for the people. They found peace and happiness here and are
settled down and once they receive a letter, it upsets everybody
around. Even if somel)ody doesn't have anybody, just his neighbor
receives a letter, so he gets upset too. That is one thing.
Senator Hruska. What is your personal opinion as to whether
things have improved in Russia or not ^
Mrs. Korolkoff. Mine ^ I never believe it is improved. I think
it is worse than it was.
!Mr. Morris. Do you know Mr. Nidzi ?
Mrs. Korolkoff. Yes, I know him very well. ]Mr. Maxim Nidzi.
That is the older brother.
Mr. Morris. When did you first hear about the possibility of his
redefection ? _
Mrs. Korolkoff. Oh, about in April.
Mr. Morris. April, 2 months ago.
Mrs. Korolkoff. Yes.
Mr. Morris. Now, wdiat did you first hear?
]Mrs. Korolkoff. We didn't hear first, nothing. We just seen that
he is getting different than he used to be. So once we met him on the
street, my husband, and we asked him what is wrong, if he is ill. He
says, no, I am all right. You know, just news, I received a letter from
my wife and from my son. So then we didn't pay any attention to it
much. Then we heard that he is selling his house here. He built it
himself, and he loved it very much, and he sold it for very cheap. He
4334 SCOPE OF SOVIET ACTIVITY EST THE UNITED STATES
lost money on that. And then we just found out that he is leaving.
And we told him, you know what is going to happen to you. He said,
yes, I realize what is going to be. I want to live with my family at
least half a year. No, he said, I was promised 4 to 6 months and after
that, what happens I don't care. I am old and I will die home then.
I would like to see my family.
He is a really very sad case. He is just homesick and I can under-
stand it.
Mr. Morris. Now, where is Mr. Nidzi now?
Mrs. KoROLKOFF. AVell, I don't know.
Mr. Morris. I mean, he hasn't gone back yet, has he?
Mrs. KoROLKOFF. I don't know nothing. He left Sunday at 2
o'clock from Three Wood Acres and after that we don't know nothing.
Mr. Morris. Was there anybody with him ?
Mrs. Korolkoff. Yes, his brother, lUjia, and that woman with four
children.
Mr. Morris. And then you have heard nothing?
Mrs. KoROLKOFF. No. They say they went to New York.
Mr. Morris. They didn't say where in New York?
Mrs. KOROLKOFF. No.
Mr. Morris. You don't know whether it was the United Nations
Headquarters, the Soviet delegation of the United Nations?
Mrs. KoROLKOFF. We don't know nothing.
Mr. Morris. Senator, we have been trying to summon Maxim Nidzi
and we have not been able to find him. Apparently, he has not left
the country, to the best of our knowledge.
Now, are there any other people who have recently left Three Wood
Acres ?
Mrs. Korolkoff. No.
Mr. Morris. That is the only one?
Mrs. KoROLKOFF. Just recently, Sunday, just this year.
Mr. Morris. Just this one man ?
Mrs. KoROLKOFF. Yes.
Mr. Morris. How about this other family that left with Illjia ?
Mrs. Korolkoff. That is a common law marriage. I mean, they
were living together in Bristol, Pa., and they decided to leave all to-
gether. I don't know whether she is going to — going with Illjia or
going to her husband. I have no idea.
Mr. Morris. The Nidzi brother, Illjia, was apparently going back
with them, taking this woman and the children ?
Mrs. Korolkoff. Yes. She is from the Ukraine. He is from
Kuban. If the two brothers are going to their own home and the
woman going to the Ukraine, I don't know. I never knew that woman.
She has a daughter living in the United States, a married daughter.
Mr. Morris. Is it your testimony that nobody else from Three Wood
Acres has redef ected recently ?
Mrs. Korolkoff. No.
Mr. Morris. Just these few cases ?
Mrs. Korolkoff. Yes.
Mr. Morris. Have you seen any of the appeals written to people in
Three Wood Acres that have been recently sent in ?
Mrs. Korolkoff. You mean the pamphlets or letters ?
Mr. Morris. The letters.
Mrs. Korolkoff. Oh, yes ; I have seen letters.
SCOPE OF SOVIET ACTIVITY IN THE UNITED STATES 4335
Mr. Morris. Will you tell us something of them ?
Mrs. KoROLOKOFF. It is the usual story. It just says, dear son, dear
husband, I would like to see you. I would like to hear your voice.
I am grown up now. I am going to get married, or the mother is
ver}^ ill and before she dies she would like to see you, and a man re-
ceives a letter — he was 17 years hid away and now, after 17 years,
his wife turns up and sends a letter and he left his twins, 2 boys, and
they are 21 years old now. So she writes a letter that he should
give permission that they should get married. It is very strange be-
cause the first thing I think he even forgot he had the children — •
for 17 years.
Mr. Morris. Now, have you seen the forms that the Soviet Union
asked them to fill out if they want to go back ?
Mrs. KoROLKOFF. Yes.
Mr. Morris. Whose form did you see or are you in a position to
tell us?
Mrs. KoROLKOFF. No ; I couldn't tell you that because
Mr. Morris. Tell us about the form.
Mrs. KoROLKOFF. The form, I can tell you. It is a long piece of
paper, a questionnaire. It says you have to answer from 1937 all
the places wherever you were living. And, on the other side, on the
bottom it says that you should continue living in the community, where
you are living, because whenever you send in the questionnaire and
you have to send 2 pictures and $1.75 — I don't know why that is — then
you sit there and wait until they let you know, because when you send
in an application, it doesn't mean you can go immediately to Russia.
I have seen such a questionnaire because a woman wanted me to help
her fill it out. That is how I know about it. She is a very old lady.
It has nothing to do with politics ; just wants to die in Estonia.
Senator Hruska. What other questions do they ask besides the
places of residence ?
Mrs. KoROLKOFF. Where they were living, what they were doing.
Especially, I can't understand Mr. Ivan Bezbenow, who left from
Passaic ; however, he could fill out the questionnaire.
In 1917 he was fighting against the Communists. He was a lieu-
tenant. Then he went to all this trouble through that tragedy in
Lienz when they walked through the Alps, when they betrayed the
Cossacks there — the trouble there. Then, in the displaced persons
€amps, then we spotted him. He had a nice job here. Before Easter,
he sent us a very nice letter, thanking us that we had helped him re-
settle here and he was very happy ; a nice letter. And then a news-
paper man calls him and says he went to Russia. I just can't under-
stand it.
Mr. Morris. Have you heard anything about the activities of a
man named Georgi Ananiv, the third secretary of the Soviet Em-
bassy, who has been active in these campaigns? Do you know any-
thing about his activities ?
Mrs. KoROLKOFF. I don't know nothing about it; just yesterday
evening we received a call from a newspaper that the secretary of
the Soviet consulate was in our section looking for the Nidzis, the
brothers, the Nidzi brothers. We told the newspaperman we don't
know nothing about it because they left Sunday.
After that, my husband got in the car and I went with him and we
went looking for — we asked how would we know who it is? They
said there is a different kind of plate on the car, a number. So we
4336 SCOPE OF SOVIET ACTIVrTY IN THE UNITED STATES
were riding around in that section looking for a kind of automobile
if we can find it. We didn't see anj^thing at all.
Tuesday morning, about 5 o'clock, again somebody calls up. A^Hiere
are the Nidzi brothers? You are hiding them there. No; we are
not hiding them. They are in New York. We are not hiding them.
I don't know nothing about them.
Senator Hruska. What else can you tell us, if anything? You
said the places of residence in this form, and where they worked ? Do
they ask about property or money or relatives in that blank?
Mrs. KoROLKOFF. Yes ; they asked who is your closest kin in Russia,
in the Soviet Union, and that is all they asked mostly.
Senator Hruska. Now, is there anything further that you would
have to tell us about the result and the impact of this Khrushchev
television appearance that was made ?
Mrs. KoROLKOFF. Well, I think, personally, it wasn't a very bright
idea, whoever arranged that. It was good propaganda for other
people.
Senator Hruska. And you think it resulted in a lot of confusion
among those in your little colony ?
Mrs. KoROLKOFF. That is right. It has no purpose. I don't know
what purpose for the United States, what purpose is in it.
Mr. Rusher. Mrs. Korolkoff, are you familiar with the delegation
of Russian churchmen, so-called, who were sent over from the Soviet
Union last year sometime ?
Mrs. KoROLKOFF. No.
Mr. Rusher. You know that there was one.
Mrs. KoROLKOFF. Yes ; I know nothing about it.
Mr. Rusher. Can you tell me whether or not the fact that these
men came to this country, giving the appearance of freedom of religion
in the Soviet Union, had the tendency to encourage people to redefect?
Mrs. Korolkoff. No; the displaced persons in our sections didn't
believe that at all.
Mr. Rusher. So, it didn't have a propaganda effect ?
Mrs. KoROLKOFF. Nobody believed that. Nobody believed a change
there.
Senator Hruska. Any further questions ?
Mr. Rusher. No.
Mr. Morris. No further questions.
Senator Hruska. That will be all at this time. Thank you very
much, Mrs. Korolkoff.
Mr. Morris. Mrs. Samoilow.
Mr. Chairman, Mrs. Samoilow is very reluctant to appear here
where there are television cameras, and I think she is very upset
about this whole experience of her husband leaving, and would rather
give us the testimony not in the presence of any people. What we
could do — we could have a hearing that would be open, and we would
make the results of it known and yet, in deference to her extreme
timidity at this time
Senator Hruska. When did her husband leave ?
Mr. Morris. Within the last week.
Senator Hruska. Within the last week ?
Mr. jNIorris. And she doesn't understand the forces involved be-
hind it, and she is understandably distressed by it all.
SCOPE OF SOVIET ACTIYITY EN THE XnSTITED STATES 4337
Senator Hruska. I think we should sympathize with her position,
and especially any apprehension she might have. Her wishes will
be abided by.
Have we any further witnesses?
Mr. Morris. I think not, Senator. ^Vliat we can do is make her
testimony available within 15 minutes after it is done. The reporter
could read that back.
Senator Hruska. Very well ; that could be done.
Mr. Morris. Off the record.
(Discussion off the record.)
Senator Hruska. We will recess the hearing, then, for that pur-
pose, and make a further announcement at a later time.
Mr. Morris. We will read it to you in 15 or 20 minutes.
(Whereupon, Mrs. Samoilow's testimony was taken, as ordered
by Senator Hruska, at the conclusion of which the following proceed-
ings were had:)
Mr. Morris. Before we read the testimony of Mrs. Samoilow, there
are 2 developments proceeding from her testimony about which I
would like to ask questions of" 2 people who are still here. One is
Mr. Jack Lotto, who not only has reported this case, Senator, but
actually has been to see some of the witnesses involved here. So,
therefore, he is a competent witness.
Mr. Lotto, would you come forward, please? Will you raise your
right hand, please ?
Senator Hruska. Do you solemnly swear that the testimony that
you are about to give will be the truth, the whole truth, and nothing
but the truth, so help you God ?
Mr. Lotto. Yes, sir.
TESTIMONY OF MR. LOTTO
Mr. Morris. Mr. Lotto, did you, in the course of your covering this
redefection tliat we have been hearing about today, did you visit
Mrs. Samoilow ?
JNIr. Lotto. Yes ; I did.
Mr. Morris. "\'\nien did you visit her ?
Mr. Lotto. On May 27 and one day last week. I believe it was
Friday.
Mr. JNIoRRis. I see. Tliat was at her home at 161 Columbia Avenue?
Mr. Lotto. 161 Columbia Avenue, Jersey City.
Mr. Morris. Can you tell us what you observed from talking to her
on both of those occasions ?
Mr. Lotto. Well, on both occasions I was struck by the fact that
she was thoroughly frightened about what was going on, and was
afraid to talk about it.
Mr. Morris. I see. Now, did she tell you that her husband had
gone to the United Nations Headquarters at Park Avenue, New York
City?
Mr. Lotto. She said he had received instructions the day before he
sailed, that is, on May 29, to report to the United Nations Headquarters
Building on Park Avenue in New York.
Mr, Morris. And, to your knowledge, did he go there ?
Mr. Lotto. She said he did.
4338 SCOPE OF SOVIET ACTIVITY EN THE UNITED STATES
Mr. Morris. Now, also in this connection, in connection with this,
did you go to the pier the day he sailed ?
Mr. Lotto. On the day he sailed, I went to the pier and on the
ship.
Mr. Morris. Did you see him ?
Mr. Lotto. I saw ? [r. Samoilow.
Mr. Morris. Was there anyone with him ?
Mr. Lotto. When I saw him, no. But, just before I got into his
cabin, there was a man walking around the pasageway in the opposite
direction to which I was going, and so as he passed me I saw the "S"
on his handkerchief and I thought I recognized him, and I thought
he was Theodore Salomatin, the second secretary in the Embassy in
Washington. As soon as I saw Mr. Samoilow, I asked him was that
Mr. Salomatin who escorted him aboard and he said yes.
Mr. Morris. Did you run into Georgie Ananiev at all, the third
secretary of the Soviet Embassy ?
Mr. Lotto. No ; I didn't.
Mr. Morris. We have heard, Senator Hruska, that Georgie Ananiev,
who is the third secretary of the Soviet Embassy has, in the last day or
so, called a halt to all pending repatriation cases. We have learned
that at staff level. Senator. I am just wondering if you have run into
him at all. Do you know whether he was working on the case?
Mr. Lotto. No; I have heard he works in redefection cases.
Senator HDruska. Did you see Mr. Salomatin later that day on a
later occasion ?
Mr. Lotto. When I went off the ship he was at the gangway and
stayed there for 2 hours until the gangway came down. That is where
I was, also, because I thought an attempt might be made to kidnap
the two children of Mr. Samoilow.
Senator Hruska. Was Mrs. Samoilow on the pier ?
Mr. Lotto. No ; she was not. She told me she was afraid the chil-
dren might be kidnaped.
Mr. Morris. To your knowledge, she was not on the pier ?
Mr. Lotto. I didn't see her. She may have been there earlier.
Mr. Morris. Now, did you know Mr. JBezbenow ?
Mr. Lotto. I saw him on the ship the day he sailed, also.
Mr. Morris. He is the man
Mr. Lotto. He is the one who wrote the letter to Mrs. Korolkoff,
and was happy and content in the United States 4 weeks before he
departed.
Mr. Morris. Well, Senator, that is the reason why we have asked Mr.'
Lotto, who has been covering this hearing, to appear as a witness.
Ordinarily, it is against our practice, but we have here somebody
who is a competent witness to testify, and I think those facts are im-
portant. Senator, as the record shows, a consular official, such as Mr.
Salomatin is, is authorized by law to aid someone who wants to go
back to the Soviet Union, but, as we brought out in previous hearings,
at the U. N. and the U. N. delegation or the residence of the U. N. chief
delegate on Park Avenue, they are all forbidden by hvw to engage in
any consular activities. Senator, and that is the importance of Mr.
Lotto's testimony.
Senator Hruska. Thank you, Mr. Lotto ; that will be all.
(Witness excused.)
SCOPE OF SOVIET ACTWITY EN THE -UNITED STATES 4339
Mr. MoRKis. The United Press, Philadelphia bureau, has stated that
they have contacted the seven redefectors at Bristol, Pa., who say they
are waiting for a phone call from the Soviet mission in New York to
return to New York and fly via Scandinavia Airlines.
(The testimony of Mrs. Samoilow, as ordered by Senator Hruska,
then was read as follows:)
Senator Hruska. Will you stand and be sworn ?
Do you solemnly swear that the testimony Which you are about to
give will be the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth?
Mrs. Samoilow. I do.
TESTIMONY OP OLGA SAMOILOW, JEESEY CITY, N. J.
Mr. Morris. Will you give your name and address to the reporter ?
Mrs. Samoilow. Olga Samoilow, 161 Columbia Avenue, Jersey
City, N. J.
Mr. jMorris. How long have you been living at that address?
Mrs. Samoilow. Oh, about 5i^ years, I think.
Mr. Morris. And when did you come to the United States?
Mrs. Samoilow. July 29, 1940.
Mr. Morris. And where did you come from at that time?
Mrs. Samoilow. From Germany.
Mr. Morris. You are a German?
Mrs. Samoilow. No. I am Polish.
Mr. Morris. You are Polish?
Mrs. Samoilow. Yes.
Mr. Morris. And when did you marry Igor Samoilow ?
Mrs. Samoilow\ October 26, 1954.
Mr. Morris. So, you married him in the United States?
Mrs. Samoilow. Yes.
Mr. Morris. Now, where was he born?
Mrs. Samoilow. He was born in the Ukraine.
Mr. Morris. "Wlien did he come to the United States ?
Mrs. Samoilow. Well, I think 1951, because he was exactly 6 years
over here when he left. May 29, 1951.
Mr. Morris. Now, how many children do you have ?
Mrs. Samoilow. Two.
Mr. Morris. He is the father of two children ?
Mrs. Samoilow. Yes.
Mr. Morris. How old are the children?
Mrs. Samoilow. The son is 2 years old and the daughter 1 year.
Mr. Morris. Has he been employed regularly?
Mrs. Samoilow. Yes.
Mr. Morris. And has he been happy in the United States?
Mrs. Samoilow. I think he was.
Mr. Morris. He was. Did you notice anything that was disturb-
ing him lately?
Mrs. Samoilow. No. I don't think so.
Mr. Morris. Did he receive any letters, for instance, from abroad?
Did he receive any letters ?
Mrs. Samoilow. Oh, yes.
Mr. Morris. From his mother?
Mrs. Samoilow. From his mother; yes.
Mr. Morris. Will you tell us about them?
4340 SCOPE OF SOVIET ACTIVITY IN THE UNITED STATES
Mrs. Samoilow. Well, he was the only one son and she is alone over
there. She has no more children, and she asked him to come back.
Mr. Morris. How many letters like that did he receive ?
Mrs. Samoilow. She was sending pretty often.
Mr. Morris. Approximately. When did the first letter come in?
Mrs. Samoilow. Last year. I think about — I don't remember ex-
actly the month. I think it was in the spring, after Christmas.
Mr. Morris. After Christmas?
Mrs. Samoilow. Yes.
Mr. Morris. And, since then, approximately how many letters
has he received?
Mrs. Samoilow. I think about every month.
Mr. Morris. Now, did he tell you what was in the letters?
Mrs. Samoilow. She was asking him to come back and she didn't —
when he left the country he was about 13 years old. She didn't know
what had happened to him. She said she would like for him to come
back.
Mr. Morris. Did he show you the letters or just tell you what was
in the letters?
Mrs. Samoilow. He showed me the letters; yes.
Mr. Morris. Did you know they were having an effect on him ?
Mrs. Samoilow. Well, I don't know. I can't say.
Mr. Morris. Did he seem troubled? How did he react to the
letters?
Mrs. Samoilow. He was happy that he found his mother, natu-
rally, and he wrote to her.
Mr. Morris. Did he write to his mother ?
Mrs. Samoilow. Yes. He answered her letters.
Mr. Morris. Did she send him pictures ?
Mrs. Samoilow. Yes ; she did.
Mr. Morris. What was his pay? What salary was he making?
Mrs. Samoilow. He was bringing in about $70 clear money.
Mr. Morris. How much ?
Mrs. Samoilow. About $70.
Mr. Morris. A week ?
Mrs. Samoilow. Yes.
Mr. Morris. You say that was his take-home pay, or was that his
salary ? You say he was bringing home $70 a week ?
Mrs. Samoilow. Yes.
Mr. Morris. Did you mean he was receiving more than that, and
that is what he got after he paid his taxes ?
Mrs. Samoilow. Yes.
Mr. Morris. That is what we call take-home pay.
Mrs. Samoilow. Yes.
Mr. Morris. And was that adequate to meet the needs of running
your home ? Was that enough to run your home ?
Mrs. Samoilow. Naturally, it was enough.
Mr. Morris. You were comfortable ?
Mrs. Samoilow. Yes.
Mr. Morris. With no financial problems?
Mrs. Samoilow. No.
Mr. Morris. Now, when did you first get any inkling that he
may be wanting to go back to the Soviet Union ?
SCOPE OF SOVIET ACTIVITY EN THE UNITED STATES 4341
Mrs. Samoilow. Well, he said he would like to go back, and natu-
rally he wanted me to go with him, but I refused.
I said: "I am not going. If you want to go, you can go alone. I
am staying here with the children."
Mr. Morris. And what did he do ?
Mrs. Samoilow. He decided to go alone.
Mr. Morris. And then what did he do ?
Mrs. Samoilow. He wrote a letter to the Soviet Embassy asking
them to make him a passport and they sent him an application and
he filled out the application and sent it back, and a few weeks later
they sent him a letter: the passport and the ticket is in New York.
Mr. Morris. Did he go to visit anyone, any of the Soviet officials?
Mrs. Samoilow. No.
Mr. Morris. When he left, where did he say he was going?
Mrs. Samoilow. Well, he said he was going to New York to Park
Avenue. They told him to go there even the day before, so that they
can help him to get to the ship. But he didn't go. He went the
same day he got to the ship, Wednesday.
Mr. Morris. When you say Park Avenue, you mean the Soviet
residence at 68th and Park ?
Mrs. Samoilow. Yes, I think.
Senator Hruska. Did you go with him ?
Mrs. Samoilow. No, I didn't.
Senator Hruska. Where did he pick up his ticket ?
Mrs. Samoilow. About 5 days, I think, before he left. About 5
days.
Senator Hruska. Where?
Mrs. Samoilow. In New York.
Senator Hruska. You don't know the place he got it? Was it a
travel agency ?
Mrs. Samoilow. Travel union, whatever they call it.
Senator Hruska. Travel office.
Mrs. Samoilow. Yes.
Senator Hruska. Wliere they sell the tickets.
Mrs. Samoilow. Yes.
Senator Hruska. Did he ever visit the United Nations Building?
Mrs. Samoilow. No.
Senator Hruska. You said that he had heard from his mother first
about a year ago, in the springtime.
Mrs. Samoilow. Yes.
Senator Hruska. Had she written him any letters before that ?
Mrs. Samoilow. No.
Senator Hruska. Did he Imow where she was before that?
Mrs. Samoilow. No, he didn't.
Senator Hruska. How did she find his address? How did she
find out where he was ?
Mrs. Samoilow. He sent her first a letter.
Senator Hruska. When was that? Wlien did he write to her the
first time ?
Mrs. Samoilow. After Christmas. Then a few weeks later she sent
a letter. First she sent a telegram that she is still alive and she said
in the telegram, wait for a letter.
Senator Hruska. Is that after he had written to her?
4342 SCOPE OF SOVIET ACTivrrT IN THE insrrrED states
Mrs. Samoilow. Yes.
Senator Hruska. Has he any brothers or sisters ?
Mrs. Samoilow. No. No brothers.
Senator Hruska. Is his father alive ?
Mrs. Samoilow. Yes.
Senator Hruska. Did he write any letters, too ?
Mrs. Samoilow. Did whom ?
Senator Hruska. Did his father write any letters to your husband?
Mrs. Samoilow. He used to write, but when he said he wanted to
go back to Russia, he didn't write any more. His father is in Ger-
many. He even tried to stop him, but there was no use.
Senator Hruska. So the father used to write to him until he told
the father that he was going back to Russia ?
Mrs. Samoilow. Yes.
Senator Hruska. And then he quit writing ?
Mrs. Samoilow. Yes.
Mr. Morris. Now, when he left in the first place, did anyone from
the Imigration and Naturalization Service come to your home ?
Mrs. Samoilow. Yes. Mr. Greenleaf.
Mr. Morris. Was that Mr. Earl Greenleaf ?
Mrs. Samoilow. Yes.
Mr. Morris. T\'liat did he do when he came to your home ?
Mrs. Samoilow. He had some papers to check up and that is all.
Mr. Morris. In other words, he had been told that your husband
was about to leave ?
Mrs. Samoilow. Well
Mr. Morris. The Immigration man knew that your husband was
about to leave the country ?
Mrs. Samoilow. Yes.
Mr. Morris. Did he say anything about that ?
Mrs. Samoilow. Well, he didn't say anything. He just said if he
wants to leave the country, he can go.
Mr. Morris. He is free to go?
Mrs. Samoilow. Yes.
Mr. Morris. Did he say anything about whether or not he would
be able to come back again ?
Mrs. Samoilow. No. I don't think he said that. I think he said
that the ticket he would get is only one-way ticket.
Mr. Morris. What?
Mrs. Samoilow. He said that the ticket he gets is only one way to
Russia — no back.
Mr. Morris. Who is Mr. Bezbenov ?
Mrs. Samoilow. I think the man who was in Passaic with him.
Mr. Morris. He went with your husband ; did he not ?
Mr. Samoilow. Yes.
Mr. Morris. Were they friends?
Mrs. Samoilow. No. My husband only met him in New York when
he went to pick up his ticket, his passport, he told me.
Mr. Morris. Your husband saw you after he went to pick up his
passport and ticket?
Mrs. Samoilow. Yes.
Mr. Morris. What was the occasion of his seeing you ?
Mrs. Samoilow. I don't understand.
SCOPE OF SOVIET ACTIVITY EST THE UNITED STATES 4343
Senator Hruska. Off the record.
(Discussion off the record.)
Mr. Morris. Did you go to the pier to see him off ?
Mrs. Samoilow. I went, but I didn't see him. I didn't want to go
on the boat and I was on the pier, but I didn't see hirn.
Mr. Morris. Did you see any of the Soviet officials there?
Mrs. Samoilow. No.
Mr. Morris. Now, did he say anything to you about how he was
going to take care of your children ?
Mrs. Samoilow. No. He didn't say anything.
Mr. Morris. Just abandoned you?
Mrs. Samoilow. Yes.
Mr. Morris. In that respect.
Did he mention anything about providing for you after he got back
to the Soviet Union ?
Mrs. Samoilow. No.
Mr. Morris. Wliat discussion did you have with him about getting
along ?
Mrs. Samoilow. Well, I tried to stop him, not to go, because in the
first place he is my husband and the father of the children, but he
decided to go, and so he went.
Mr. Morris. Now, after he left, have you gotten a job?
Mrs. Samoilow. Well, I started to work before he quit the job,
February 6.
Mr. Morris. February 6 ?
Mrs. Samoilow. Yes.
Mr. Morris. Who will take care of your children now ?
Mrs. Samoilow. Well, he was with the children.
Mr. Morris. Pardon?
Mrs. Samoilow. He was with the children. He was watching the
children.
Mr. Morris. Who is going to take care of your children now?
Mrs. Samoilow. My mother.
Mr. Morris. Did your mother come to the United States with you ?
Mrs. Samoilow. Yes.
Mr. Morris. Senator, I have no more questions to ask this witness.
I think this is a specific instance of how letters from the Soviet Union
have caused a defection, in this case left a woman with two children
completely without provision.
Senator Hruska. Do you think your husband was afraid and that
is why he went back ?
Mrs. Samoilow. Well, I don't know.
Senator Hruska. Did he say that he was afraid something would
happen to his mother?
Mrs. Samoilow. He didn't say.
Senator Hruska. If he didn't go back?
Mrs. Samoilow. No.
Senator Hruska. He did not say ?
Mrs. Samoilow. No.
Senator Hruska. How did he act? Did he act like he was happy
to go back to his mother ?
Mrs. Samoilow. Yes. He was happy.
Mr. Morris. Not happy about leaving you, though?
4344 SCOPE OF SOVIET Acnvrry m the united states
Mrs. Samoilow. I think not.
Senator Hruska. I think that is all. Any questions, Mr. Rusher ?
Mr. Rusher. No questions.
Senator Hruska. If there are no further questions, we want to thank
you very much for helping us out this way.
Mr. Morris. Thank you, Mrs. Samoilow.
(Whereupon, at this point, the subcommittee went into executive
session.)
INDEX
Note. — The Senate Internal Security Subcommittee attaches no significance
to the mere fact of the appearance of the name of an individual or an organiza-
tion in this index.
A
Page
Allied governments 4329
Ananiv, Georgi (Georgie Ananviev) 4335, 4338
B
Bavaria 4330
Berlin 4327
Bezbenow, Ivan 4335, 4338, 4342
Bristol, Pa 4334, 4339
C
Church World Service of the National Council of Churches in U. S. A__ 4326, 4327
Church World Settlement 4328
Communist/s 4335
E
Eastern Orthodox Churches 4326
Elliott, Roland 4325.
Testimony of 4326-432&
Director, Immigration Services, Department of Church World Service
of the National Council of Churches in the U. S. A 4326
Estonia 4335
Europe 4327, 4329, 4330
F
Foley Square, New York 4325
G
Garcia, Roy 4325
Germany 4339,4342
Greenleaf, Earl 4342
H
Hruska, Senator Roman L 4325
I
Immigration and Naturalization Service 4342
Iron-Curtain countries 4326
K
Khrushchev TV speech 4330, 4336
Kolkhoz (labor organization) 4331
Korolkoff, Mrs. Nicholas :
Testimonv of 4328-4337
Letter to 4338
Kuban 4334
I
II INDEX
L Page
Lienz 4335
Lotto, Mr. :
Testimony of 4337-4339
Interviewed redefectees 4337
M
Mikhailov, General 4327, 4329
Morris, Robert 4325
Municli 4327
N
New York 4329, 4334
Nidzi, Illjia 4331, 4334-4336
Nidzi, Maxim 4331, 4333-4336
P
Paris 4333
Passaic 4335,4342
Protestant cliurches 4326
R
Romanov, Tanya 4327
Rusher, William A 4325
Russia. (/See Soviet Union.)
Russian seamen 4327
S
Salomatin, Theodore 4338
Samoilow, Igor 4326, 4338, 4339
Samoilow, Olga (Mrs. Igor) 4336
Testimony of 4339-1344
161 Columbia Avenue, Jersey City, N. J 4339
Came to United States from Germany in 1949 4339
Polish 4339
Scandinavia Airlines 4339
Scherbakov, Mr 4333
Shepilov, Mr 4333
Soviet Embassy in Washington 4335,4338,4341
Soviet mission in New York 4339
Soviet officials 4325. 4343
Soviet Union 4326-4333, 4335, 4336, 4338, 4340, 4342, 4343
T
Three Wood Acres 4334
U
Ukraine 4334, 4339
United Nations Building 4341
United Nations Headquarters, Park Avenue, New York 4334, 4337
United Press, Philadelphia bureau 4339
United States 4325, 4327, 4338, 4343
U. S. S. R. ( See Soviet Union. )
W
Washington, D. C 4328,4329
Y
Yalta Conference 4329
Yugoslavia 4330
o
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