UC-NRLF
Efl DTD
GIFT OF
Class of 1887
SECRETS
REVEALED
W. S. ROSS
PRICE #1.OO
W. S. ROSS
C:OI,Df3N- Rl'I.E Bril.DIN*
1O STII.J.MAN- STRRET
SECRETS REVEALED
THE KEY TO
HEALTH AND PROSPERITY
FROM
LEADING PHYSICIANS OF THE UNITED STATES, BERLIN
LONDON AND VIENNA
Recipes for Cook, Farmer, Artisan, and Business Man
Antidotes for Poisons, Latin Names for Drugs in English
A Fund of Useful Facfts for Everybody
COMPILED AND DISTRIBUTED
BY
WILLIAM S. ROSS
PRICK *1.OO
GOLDEN RULE:
110 STir.r.MAN STREET
SAX FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA
1917
<f* ' '
' SS-'S'V,-
-
COPYRIGHT, 1917
BY
AM S. ROS.S
PREFACE
In preparing this work the author has endeavored to
use plain, simple language comprehensible to all classes.
He has avoided the use of technical terms as much as pos-
sible. It is written for the generality of people, and sup-
plies a need which, it is hoped, will be appreciated and
understood by all into whose hands it may fall.
The best authorities of this country and of Europe have
boon consulted and the information herein recorded may be
absolutely relied upon.
Many of the recipes have been purchased at consider-
able expense, and will be found of much value.
It is a work which will be found to assist in maintaining
health, and prove of great merit in combating many of the
ailments so common to humanity.
There is nothing written in any part of the book that
will cause objection, and it can be put in the hands of chil-
dren with the assurance that it will re-suit in a benefit.
Its object is to educate those who have not enjoyed the
advantages of special study, to the end that they may bo
able to know something regarding the wonderful temple
composing their body, and be armed against disease.
It is not intended to supplant the offices of the physi-
cian, but, on the contrary, to assist in his work, and to be
a help in emergencies, especially to those who are not in a
position to consult professional advice, on account of dis-
tance, etc.
It has been the aim of the author to supply information
in a compact form, and of a reliable nature; to enable the
reader to save money in the purchase of drugs, necessary
in all households.
Trusting that all the requirements have been met with,
the author submits the work to the public, feeling assured
of its being received with the appreciation expected.
AUTHOB.
93Q87O
CONTENTS
Preface . . >
Introduction 5
Anatomy , 9
The Muscles 11
The Digestive Organs 13
The Circulation 17
The Lungs 20
The Kidneys and Skin 22
The Nerves 24
General Eemarks Appertaining to Health 27
Common Ills and Their Remedies 31
Poisons and Their Antidotes 38
Latin and English Names for Drugs 41
Formulas of Patent Medicines 44
Household Recipes 47
Useful Information 51
INTRODUCTION
:
It is loss trouble, and much cheaper, to preserve health
than it is to cure disease. A great many of the ills from
which humanity suffers can be avoided. Many of us vio-
late a law of nature through ignorance, while some, in
order to gratify a temporary impulse, deliberately run the
risk of contracting disease.
Notwithstanding the fact that we may at times escape
immediate punishment, we may be sure that Nature exacts
toll for disobedience to her law, and sooner or later we will
bo called to account for infractions thereof.
The brain controls to a great extent the physical being,
hence it is necessary to keep the mind in a proper condition
if we wish to enjoy good health,
It is true, circumstances often compel many of us to
face danger; our environments sometimes are such that we
cannot escape exposure to disease, yet we have within us
the power to mitigate the result. Then there are those who
have unfortunately come under the ban of heredity, and in
such cases extreme care is necessary in order to overcome
natural tendencies. Without health it is impossible to
enjoy life, and it is of the utmost importance to guard with
jealous care every avenue by which it may escape. We can
so live that many of the ills from which humanity suffers
may be defied. Nature always warns when we tread on
dangerous ground, and is ever ready to assist us to retrace
our footsteps. There are some who have been gifted with
strong constitutions, and who have dissipated for a number
f years and survived, but their lives have not been one
of enjoyment; they have simply existed. Prudence requires
that we should be moderate in all things.
Intemperance soon manifests itself in the general ap-
pearance of the unfortunate transgressor, and exposes his
folly to the world; therefore it behooves us to live a right,
clean life, honest, and true to ourselves and fellow man.
The law of nature tends to the casting away of things
useless, and building up; this is progress, and it is the duty
of all not to be satisfied with imitating others, but to be.
original. Do not be content to stand still ; go ahead, and
do not wait for some one to push you out of the way. Be
6 SECRETS REVEALED
confident hi your; awn strength, and when, after reflection
you are divide:, <;<> not listen to opposition. This is deter-
mination. This is l!u- material of which men are made who
~r,< vcrd b litV.
Ambition soon wanes in a diseased body, for we lose
interest in all things; we become indifferent to results, and
drift with the tide. Hence the necessity of avoiding every-
thing conducive to illness, and living a clean life, void of
excesses.
Our bodies are made up of minute cells, each one acting
independently of each other. They are constantly dying
and as constantly being renewed. They possess the
peculiar power to propagate, as the necessity requires, by
dividing into halves, thus maintaining the equilibrium of
the body. If, for instance, any part of the body receives a
wound, many of the cells composing the part are destroyed
and must be replaced. Nature provides this arrangement
by automatic action, and is careful in not exceeding the
demand.
Certain elements of the blood contain the required mate-
rial for the purpose, provided it be in a healthy condition.
There are many different kinds of cells in the body,
hence the blood must contain all the elements necessary to
the different parts so that the proper selection may be
made.
As the blood courses through the arteries, each cell
draws from it the sustenance required. The muscles re-
move certain constituents, the heart, lungs, brain and other
organs what is necessary for their maintenance. Should
the blood be deficient in lime, the bones would be deprived
of support; and so it is regarding other parts, each re-
quires special elements in order to maintain its peculiar
character.
Anatomy teaches us the names of the different parts of
the body, their location and appearance.
Physiology informs us of the purpose of each and the
manner in which they perform.
And that science which teaches us knowledge of those
things which are harmful, that will interfere with the
proper action of the organs, and what will assist in func-
tional exercise, are treated of in Hygiene.
That part of the body made up of a combination of
cells, and which can be separated from the rest as an entire
body, and which performs a particular function, is called
an organ; as, the liver, kidneys, heart, etc, A system, as
it is called, is composed of organs of similar construction,
INTRODUCTION 7
such as the nerves, arteries, etc. Those organs which,
though differently constructed, act in unison for a particular
purpose, are called an apparatus ; such as the stomach,
pancreas, liver, etc., which are termed the digestive appa-
ratus.
As has been said above, each cell acts independently of
the others ; it possesses life in itself, and its death has no
effect on other cells. Thousands of cells die daily ; in fact,
life and death follow in rapid succession throughout our
existence. There is no difference in appearance between
living and dead cells; one is simply motionless.
In addition to knowledge on anatomy and physiology,
the work embraces many other subjects of interest and
value to all classes, such as recipes for the compounding
of remedies for the alleviation of common ills, household
recipes appertaining to the culinary department, and per-
sonal requirements; and facts useful to the mechanic, the
farmer, and business man.
The contents are applicable to all walks in life, gathered
from many different sources, and strictly reliable. The
very best efforts of some of our foremost authorities have
been selected with painstaking care, and recorded in lan-
guage so plain that all who read may comprehend and
apply the principles set forth.
tin conclusion, the author submits the result of his labor
o the public, confident of its ability to judge and appre-
ciate its merit.
AUTHOR.
SECRETS REVE A LED
FIG. 1. The Skeleton.
CHAPTER I
ANATOMY
THE BONES. There are two hundred distinct bones in
the human skeleton besides the teeth.
Those are divided into those of the head, trunk, upper
and lower extremities. The bones of the head, of which
there are eight, belong- to the cranium, and the face con-
tains fourteen. The internal surface of the cranium pre-
sents eminences and depressions for lodging the convolu-
tions of the brain, and numerous furrows for the ramifica-
tions of the blood vessels.
The hones of the cranium are united to one another by
ragged edges called Sutures, which are quite distinct in the
child, but in old age are nearly effaced.
The trunk contains fifty-four bones. The Sternum, or
breast bone, commonly so called, in a child is composed of
six pieces, in the adult of three, which in old age are con-
solidated into one. There are twenty-four ribs, twelve on
ach side, which are attached to the Spinal Column; the
ast four, however, are attached to the sternum in one
bone. The spinal column contains twenty-four, called
Vertebra 1 . At the bottom of the spinal column are the
Sacrum, the Coccyx, and two called the Ossa Innominata.
There is another bone at the other extremity, at the base
of the tongue, which is the most isolated bone of the body;
it is called the Os Hyoides, and serves as an attachment
or the muscles of the tongue.
The bones of the spinal column are so formed as to
admit the passage of the spinal cord, and between each
vertebra is a highly elastic, cushion-like substance, which
admits free motion of the body. The curvatures of the
spinal column, of which there are four, serve to diminish
the shock produced by falling, running, etc. Were it not
for this provision, the brain would be exposed to a great
deal of injury. The Pelvis, commonly called the hip bones,
contains the several lower bones of the spinal column. The
innominata during youth consist of three separate pieces
on each side, but as age advances they coalesce and form
one hone; a deep socket, called the Acetabulum, is found
near their junction, which servos as a receptacle for the
'ead of the thigh bone.
The bones of the upper extremity are sixty-four in
umber, and are classified as follows: The Scapula, Clavi-
10 SECRETS REVEALED
cle, Humems, Tina, Radius, Carpus, Metacarpus, and
Phalanges.
The scapula, or shoulder blade, is situated at the back
part of the shoulder, and attached to the back and upper
part of the chest. The clavicle, or collar bone, is situated
at the upper part of the chest, between the sternum and
the scapula, and connects with both; it prevents the arms
from sliding forward.
The humerus, the first bone of the arm, is situated be-
tween the scapula and the forearm, which contains two
bones, the ulna and radius, the ulna being situated on the
inner side and the radius on the outer side of the forearm.
The Carpus, or wrist, is composed of eight bones ar-
ranged in two rows. The metacarpus, or palm of the
hand, is composed of five bones, situated between the car-
pus and fingers. The phalanges, fourteen in number, are
the bones of the fingers and thumb, the fingers each having
three, and the thumb two bones.
The bones of the lower extremities, sixty-five in number,
are classed as follows: The Femur, Patella, Tibia, Fibula,
Tarsus, Metatarsus, and Phalanges.
The femur, or thigh bone, is the longest in the body; it
has a large, round head, which is received into the acetabu-
lum, forming a ball .and socket joint.
The patella, or knee-pan, is the most complicated articu-
lation in the whole body; it serves a very important pur-
pose, as it is a protection to the joint and increases the
leverage of the muscles attached to it.
The tibia, or shin bone, lies on the inside of the lower
limb, while the fibula is situated on the outer side and
parallel to it.
The tarsus, or instep, is composed of seven bones, and
corresponds to the carpus of the upper extremities. The
metatarsus, the middle of the foot, bears a close resem-
blance to the metacarpus, and consists of five bones situ-
ated between the tarsus and phalanges. The phalanges,
the toes, consist of fourteen bones, arranged in a manner
similar to those of the fingers.
Cartilage is softer than bone, and ligaments are softer
than cartilage; their function is to bind the bones together.
The Synovial membrane, which covers the cartilages,
secretes a lubricating fluid, which enables the bones and
ligaments to move freely upon each other; when this fluid
is secreted in excess, it produces a disease known as
Dropsy of the joints. All the bones and their accessories
are abundantly supplied with nerves and veins.
CHAPTER IT
THE MUSCTVKS
There are about five hundred muscles in the human
body. They are those organs by which motion is produced,
and are commonly known as flesh. A muscle is composed
Fro. 2. The Muscular Svstein.
lies of fibers, parallel to each oilier, and terminate
is called Tendon, which is attached to the bone so
1- SECRETS KEVEALED
firmly that the bone will break before the tendon will give
way. The muscles are divided into two classes, the volun-
tary and the involuntary; there are some, however, which
cannot properly be classed with either, termed intermediate.
The voluntary muscles are chiefly controlled by the will ;
they are of a different color than the others, and stronger.
The involuntary muscles are influenced by the nervous sys-
tem, and their action pertains to the nutritive function of
the body; they differ from the voluntary muscles in the
net-work arrangement of their fibers. The intermediate
muscles, which control respiration, are both voluntary and
involuntary; for, while we may suspend breathing for a
short while, the organic muscles will assert their instinct-
ive control. The voluntary muscles are well supplied with
nerves, while the involuntary are not so numerously fur-
nished. The color of a muscle is due to the blood contained
therein.
Muscle is capable of great contraction and expansion,
and if not carried to extremes, exercise will add much to
their bulk.
CHAPTER TTT
THE DIGESTIVE ORGANS
Digestion signifies the act of separating or distributing,
hence its application to the process by which food is made
available for nutritive purposes. The organs of digestion
are mouth, tongue, teeth, salivary glands, pharynx, esopha-
gus, and the stomach and intestines, with their glands, the
liver, pancreas, lacteals and the thoracic duct.
As the teeth play an important part in the process of
igestion, it is necessary to preserve them as much as pos-
sible by keeping them free from all agents that tend to
impair their vitality. The introduction of very hot or cold
materials, the using of gritty substances for cleansing, are
all highly injurious.
The salivary glands are six in number, three on each
side of the mouth, which secretes the saliva, a fluid which
moistens the food, and forms part of the ingredients which
are necessary to digestion. The Parotid, which is the larg-
est of the salivary glands, is located in front of and below
the ear. The Submaxillary lies midway between the angle
of the lower jaw and the middle of the chin. The Sub-
lingual lies just below the tongue.
The pharynx is the upper part of the throat, and of
which the esophagus is a continuation leading down to the
stomach. At the beginning of the esophagus is the epiglot-
tis, which lies at the top of the windpipe, which leads to
the lungs; it is composed of cartilage, and serves the pur-
pose of a valve to close the opening of the tube called the
Larynx, which leads into the lungs. The epiglottis oper-
ates involuntarily, and prevents food from entering the
lungs.
The epiglottis is situated in front of the pharynx.
There is a partition called the Diaphragm, which is com-
posed of cartilage, that separates the organs of the chest
from the stomach and intestines ; it is of the shape of a
basin with the concave side down; there are openings in it
to admit the passage of the esophagus and arteries, veins,
etc. The stomach is capable of great distention to accom-
modate the amount of its contents. It is of pear shape,
and is situated obliquely in reference to the body, its base
lying at the left side, while the apex is directed toward
SECRETS REVEALED
OESOPHAGUS
the right; it has two openings, one on top, by which the
esophagus enters, and the other at the small end, from
which the food passes into the small intestine. At this
opening is a small valve, called the Pyloric valve, which
opens outward, and prevents food from re-entering the
stomach. The stomach contains the glands called Gastric,
which secrete the gastric juice, which, mixed with the food,
aids in the process of digestion.
The stomach possesses
the peculiarity of what is
termed the peristaltic
movement. It is a sort of
wave - like movement im-
parted by certain muscles,
which thoroughly mixes
the food before passing it
out. The first part of the
small intestine is called
the Duodenum. At about
the middle of it, and six
inches or so from the
stomach, the duct that
conveys the bile and pan-
creatic juice enters. The
succeeding portion of the
intestine is divided into
the Jejunum and Ileum,
though there is no partic-
ular difference in them.
The ileum is the last part
of the small intestine, and
where it opens into the
large intestine there is a
valve called the Ileocecal,
which, like the pyloric,
opens outward, thus pre-
venting the contents from returning to the small intestine.
There is a like movement of the intestines as obtains in
the stomach, which moves the contents onward to the point
of exit from the body.
The process of digestion is carried on throughout the
length of the small intestine, and part of the large one;
combined, they are about twenty-five feet in length.
The large intestine is known as the Colon; it ascends
on the right side, called the ascending colon; crosses to the
left side, called the transverse, and descends on the left
FIG. 3. The Stomach and Intestines.
THE DIGESTIVE ORGANS 15
side, which is called the descending colon. Close to and
below where the small intestine enters lies the Vermiform
Appendix, which gives rise to that now common disease
called Appendicitis.
There are certain absorbent vessels in the large intes-
tine that take up the balance of the nutrients that have
escaped the action of the absorbents in the small intestine
and distribute them to the blood.
The liver is the largest organ in the body, and in an
adult weighs about four pounds; it is located chiefly on the
right side, immediately below the diaphragm; it has two
lobes, the right one being four times larger than the left.
In the lower surface lies the Gall Bladder, which contains
IG. 4. Under Surface of the L,iver.
lie Di le, a fluid which serves the purpose of lubricating the
intestines and also as an aid to digestion.
The liver performs another very important office in
extracting wasie matter from the blood, and depositing it
in the intestine.
The Pancreas is a much smaller organ than the liver,
weighing about three ounces; it secretes the fluid called
pancreatic, which is similar in character to the saliva, and
important in the process of digestion.
Ipleen, of which little is accurately known, lies a
little to the left of the pancreas. It secretes a fluid, but
what effect it has on digestion is problematical; it is sup-
posed to exert a certain influence on the. blood.
Ifi SECRETS REVEALED
There is a constant waste of the body, and it is neces-
sary to repair it, hence we eat.
The food taken into the stomach must be converted into
blood before it can be transferred to the tissues, and as we
have seen, this is accomplished by digestion.
It is from the blood, which goes to every part of the
body, that restoration proceeds, and in order to preserve
health the blood must be pure; and if the different organs
fail in performing their function, or some substance is
introduced that they cannot neutralize, illness follows, and
it becomes necessary to resort to medicine to restore them
to their normal condition.
The body is composed of different chemical substances,
and the food must contain elements of which the body is
deficient. Therefore one kind of food is not sufficient;
there must be a variety.
An ordinary healthy man passes out of his bowels daily,
on an average, five ounces of material, a large portion of
which is fluid.
The kidneys pass out about fifty-six ounces; the skin,
about twenty-five ounces, and the lungs about thirty-four
ounces. This waste must be restored or the body will
waste away.
The chief waste is from the kidneys, and is a substance
called urea, which is composed of four elements: carbon,
hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.
These four elements represent the consumption that
has been going on in the body to produce the force neces-
sary to sustain life.
The purpose of food, then, is to restore an amount of
the four elements equal to that used up; to repair the
waste.
Absorption is the vital function by which nutritive ma-
terial is selected and imbibed for the sustenance of the
body. This is accomplished by what is termed the Villi of
the intestines, which are small, hair-like bodies with which
the intestines are lined. Through their agency the food,
after having gone through the change of condition by the
action of the fluids of the stomach, liver, pancreas, etc., is
conveyed by an intricate process to the blood, whose ves-
sels also act as an absorbent.
CHAPTER IV
THE CIRCULATION
The blood is the life-giving principle of the body, and
from it repairment is made. The total amount in the body
differs; in a healthy person it is about one-thirteenth of
the weight of the body. It has four constituents: fibrin,
albumen, and salts. There are two kinds of corpuscles, the
red and the white.
The blood that flows
:hrough the veins is of
dark red, while that
of the arteries is much
lighter in color. The
reason of this is the
corpuscles contain both
o x y g e n and carbon it-
acid in solution. When
carbonic acid predomi-
nates, as it does in the
veins, it is caused by
the action of the blood
in its course through
the body in taking up
t h e waste properties.
The blood is carried on
to the lungs, which pur-
ify it, and is t li e n
pushed on to the heart,
w h i c h pumps it on
again through the body.
The circulation of the
blood is carried on by
the heart, arteries, and
veins. The blood leaves
the heart through com-
paratively large tubes,
which grow smaller and smaller, ending at the extremities
of the body in what are termed Capillaries, so small as to
be invisible to the naked eye.
The blood may be sufficient in quantity, but deficient in
quality. Some particular element may be lacking; for in-
stance, the disease known as Scurvy is due to absence from
the blood of certain salts, or citric acid; or some substance
FIG. 5. The Circulation.
S FA 'RETS REVEALED
of a poisonous nature may he present. The liver may have
failed in its work to extract certain substances; or some
material may have gained entrance by the food, or air,
and in other ways, to vitiate the quality of the blood arid
impair its value as nourishment.
The tissues not only remove from the blood what they
require, but transfer to it the waste products of their
activity; therefore as fresh blood must be supplied, it must
carry away in turn the im-
purities. In order that the
b ] o o d may be propelled
through the arteries and
veins, there must be some
organ to act in this capacity,
and such office is performed
by the heart. The heart is
about the size of one's fist,
and is situated a little to
the left of the center of the
chest. It is of a conical
shape, the base directed up-
ward and backward toward
the right side, while the
point is down and forward.
It possesses four compart-
ments, or chambers; the two
upper ones are called Aur-
icles, and the two lower
ones Ventricles. There are
valves which guard the opening to the ventricle from the
auricle, but there is no communication between the right
and left sides.
To make it clear, we will follow" the course of the blood
from the heart, beginning at the right side. The blood is
entering the right auricle from the upper and lower Vena
Cavas, as they are called, and when it is filled the pressure
causes it to flow into the right ventricle, which already
contains a supply of blood, and is considerably larger than
the auricle. The Tri cuspid valve prevents the return of
the blood to the auricle, and as the ventricle is filled it
contracts and part of the blood is forced out through the
valve at the opening of the Pulmonary artery, which opens
outward, and closes at each beat of the ventricle, thus pre-
venting the return of the blood.
The blood is forced on through the pulmonary artery
to the lungs, where the air which those organs contain
Fro. 6. The Course of the Blood
through the Heart.
THE CIRCULATION 10
purifies it, and it is sent back to the left auricle of the
heart through the pulmonary vein. From the left auricle
the blood passes to the left ventricle, and from there it is
pumped into the Aorta, an artery. As the blood passes
through the aorta it is distributed throughout the body
through many different channels branching out from it ;
these channels grow smaller and smaller and finally merge
into a net- work of minute capillaries. This is where the
change of arterial to venous blood takes place, and the
beginning of the veins, which are practically a continua-
tion of the arteries. The blood is then carried through
many different channels, which grow larger and larger,
and finally unite into two large veins called the Vena
Cavas, which lead to the right auricle of the heart, and
the blood has completed the circuit of the body.
All of the blood passes through the heart in less than
three minutes. The arteries carry the blood from the
heart, while the veins carry it to it.
Human blood differs from any other animal, and can
readily be distinguished.
The heart is capable of exerting force enough to raise
the blood to a height of six feet, and six ounces of the fluid
are expelled from the ventricle at each pulsation.
The arteries are usually found empty after death, while
the veins remain full.
There are valves at intervals throughout the veins,
which prevent the blood from flowing backward.
There are a set of vessels called Lymphatics, which are
necessary to the nourishment of the body. The watery
parts of food containing sugar, salts, etc., can be taken up
*' the blood capillaries, but the fats cannot.
In the small intestine fat is acted upon by the bile and
pancreatic juice, and as a result of that action the fat no
longer floats in large globules among the food, but is made
into a milk-like mixture, called Chyle. This chyle is sepa-
rated from the contents of the intestinal canal by the small
vilM, already referred to, and sucked up into the Laeteals,
which spread out all over the body. The material that
outers the lacteals is conveyed to what is called the Mesen-
tery, a net-work of vessels located in the back part of the
body, and to which the intestines are attached. Among
the meshes of the mesentery are numerous lymphatic
glands, which are about the size of an almond; here the
chyle undergoes a change and is then carried along to the
root of the neck through the Thoracic duct, and is conveyed
thence to the Jiunilar vein.
CHAPTER V
THE LUNGS
The lungs occupy with the heart the upper part of the
chest. They are of a very spongy nature, and capable of
being compressed into a small space, or of being greatly
distended. Into the tissues of the lungs run a great num-
ber of small tubes called Bronchial tubes. These tubes as
they enter the tissue grow smaller and smaller, and end
in a spongy mass of minute sacs, upon whose outer walls
area net - work of
blood capillaries.
When the air we
breathe enters the
little sacs of the
lungs, the oxygen it
contains passes
through t h e i r thin
walls into the blood,
while the carbonic
acid, which is in the
blood, is given back
in exchange, and it
goes out with the
breath exhaled. The
body would soon die
if deprived of oxy-
gen, hence the neces-
sity of pure air. It
would be impossible
for a person to com-
mit suicide by refus-
ing to breathe, for
the involuntary mus-
cles would prove
stronger than his
will; yet he could starve himself to death by refusing
to eat.
The diaphragm, previously spoken of, plays a very im-
portant part in respiration, as it is one of the muscles that
controls the lungs, in addition to being a partition between
the chest and abdomen.
To illustrate the necessity of fresh air, I will relate a
story of facts that occurred on board of one of the ocean
FIG. 7. The Lungs.
A. Wind Pipe
B. Left Bronchial Tube.
C. Right
D. Branches of
THE LUNGS
21
steamers, the Londonderry, in the year of 1848, on her
passage from Liverpool to America.
On account of stormy weather, the captain ordered the
passengers below into the hold; the hatches were closed,
and in the morning seventy-two dead bodies were found,
while the balance were in a state of collapse.
The poisonous matter exhaled from the lungs is so
deadly that if a small portion be injected beneath the skin
of a rabbit, it would result in death.
Connected with the function of respiration is the voice,
an organ called the Larynx, so prominent in the throat of
some persons, and commonly called the Adam's apple.
The Glottis, as it is properly termed, is bounded on
each side by the edges of thin, elastic, membranous folds
called the Vocal cords. The pitch of the voice is regulated
by these cords; the shorter or tighter these cords are, the
higher will be the pitch.
CHAPTER VI
THE KIDNEYS AND SKTX
The main work of the kidneys is to extract urea from
(he blood; they also extract a large quantity of water.
The excretion passes down through a tube that lends
from each kidney, called the ureters, to the bladder, and
thence from the body. It
amounts to about three
pints daily. The kidneys
are of a bean shape, and
about four inches in
length and two in thick-
ness. They are composed
of numerous small tubes
m a d e up of tiny cells,
which unite and open up
in a pocket on the side of
the kidney, from whence
the contents are carried
to the bladder. The
amount of material se-
c r e t e d by the kidneys
varies in accordance to
the amount of water con-
sumed, and the external
temperature; also to the
extent of exercise in-
dulged in. The skin and
kidneys co-operate to this
extent : if considerable
water is removed in the
shape of sweat by the
skin, less is expelled by
the kidneys. In cold
weather the skin is less
active, and a greater
quantity is thrown on the
kidneys. Nervous disorders also affect the quantity. The
function of the bladder is to collect and retain the urine
until a certain quantity is collected and then to expel it in
a stream. The urine enters the bladder drop by drop, and
is passed off at will. There is a muscle at the base of the
bladder called the Sphincter, which prevents its contents
from returning to the ureters.
FIG. 8. Vertical Section through
Kidney.
1, 2, 3 and 4, Absorbents.
5, Points of Absorbents.
6, Columns.
7, Urinal Reservoir.
8, Ureter to Bladder.
THE KIDNEYS AXD SKTN
2:-'.
There are few parts of the body more actively engaged
than the skin in removing waste material from the system.
It consists of two layers, the Cutis vera, or true skin, and
the Epidermis, or cuticle. The true skin is composed of
fibers, which are more densely woven near the surface
than deeper in the structure. Upon the external surface
are little conical prominences known as Papille, and are
irregularly distributed throughout the body, being more
numerous at the ends of the fingers. Although all parts
of the skin are sensitive, the papille are extremely so.
p]ach papille contains not only a minute artery and vein,
but also a loop of nerves. They are easily noticed in what
is termed goose-flesh. The skin contains, in addition,
numerous lymphatic vessels, so minute as to be invisible
to the naked eye.
Winding in and out over the true skin are the Sudorif-
erous glands, which secrete the perspiration, and whose
office is two-fold; they remove noxious matter from the
system and diminish animal heat, and thereby equalize the
temperature of the body.
The cuticle being destitute of nerves and blood vessels,
is not sensitive. It consists of horny scales, which are
continually dropping off, new ones being supplied by the
true skin below.
CHAPTEB VII
THE NERVES
The latest scientific definition of life is nerve force.
This is the form of energy that gives to the body power
of thought and action. It is the absence of this energy
that transmutes what was at one moment an active, vital
machine into an inert, lifeless form. Although no visible
change has taken place, the heart has ceased to beat; the
blood no longer flows through the veins to nourish, develop
and sustain, and all the other organs have ceased their
labor. What has caused this marvelous change? What
is the element in the living that is absent in the dead!
There is no secret in the framework of bone, held to-
gether by sinews and muscles; nor in its covering of flesh;
nor in the system of organs within this frame, or in the
several duties they perform. The energy that gives them
life, what is it? Nerve force. It is an indefinable form
of energy that is generated in the cells of the brain and
spinal cord, and sent out through the system of nerves to
give power to the organs, as electricity is sent out through
wires to furnish light, power, and heat. The nerves are
divided into two grand divisions, the Cerebro-Spinal, and
the Sympathetic or Gangl ionic. The first control all of
our voluntary acts, while the second act automatically,
which control the action of the heart, digestive organs,
kidneys, etc. The cerebro-spinal nerves preside over the
animal functions, while the office of the ganglionic nerves
is to regulate nutrition.
While these two systems are anatomically distinct,
there is more or less intimate connection between them,
and because of this relationship influences that affect one
will act upon the other, as, for example, the heart, over
which we possess no will power, will be agitated through
fear and other emotions. The nerves, like the blood ves-
sels and lacteal s, form a net-work over the surface of the
whole body, and no part can be touched without coming in
contact with them.
The nerves have their origin in the brain and spinal
cord, and both sets have the same covering, and run
parallel to ea'ch other.
\Ve will have to discuss the brain, now, in order to
understand the nerves better. The brain is divided into
THE
three distinct departments: the Cerebrum, which occupies
the to]) and front of the skull, and part of the back, and
the Cerebellum, in the back; then, just below, the Medulla
Oblongata. The
brain contains
two kinds of tis-
s n e , one gray
and the other
white. It is the
function of the
gray matter to
receive the im-
pressions, a n d
to formulate
ideas and com-
mands, while the
white matter,
which is thread-
like in structure,
is to carry them
to the required
point. The gray
matter may be*
likened to t h o
battery which
generates, a n d
the white matter
to the wires that
convey the elec-
tricity. The ce-
rebrum is the
organ of mind,
where the intel-
1 e c t is, a n d
where all volun-
tary motion and
acts have their
origin. It is the
largest division
of the brain, be- Fuv - 9. The Nervous System.
ing three times
larger than the other two combined. The function of the
cerebellum, which is of the same structure, is to preside
over the co-ordination of muscular motion. The medulla
oblon'gata is the gradually changing connection between
the brain and the spinal cord, and while not endowed with
SECRETS REVEALED
A-
the intellectual faculties or possibilities of the cerebrum,
it is the center of life, because from it originate the" nerves
which control many of the vital functions. The spinal cord
is a continuation of this part of the brain, and in its course
it is continually sending off nerves to different parts of
the body. The nerves, like the wires of the electric ma-
chine, must form a complete circuit. It must have means
to return to the
seat of generation.
Throughout t h e
body are small
sacs, which come
under the control
of the ganglionic
nerves ; in fact, are
a part of them.
They are practic-
ally small brains,
and act locally, so
to speak. If food
be introduced into // f/^ E
t h e stomach, an
impression is made
on a nerve in the
walls of that or-
gan, and it acts on
the food at the
command of the
little sac. This im-
pression is not
carried to the
b rain, as in the
case of the volun-
tary nerves, for we have no direct power to change its
action. To sum up, the function of all the organs directed
by the will are controlled by the cerebro-spinal, and those
over which we have no control are governed by the gangli-
onic nerves.
FIG.
10. Inside Surface of Left Lobe of Brain.
A, Convolutions.
B, Nervous Matter.
C, Optic Mass.
D, Nerve Matter.
E, Spinal Cord.
F, Cerebellum.
G, Convolutions of Cerebellum.
4th Ventricle or Space.
CHAPTER VIII
GENERAL REMARKS APPERTAINING TO HEALTH
Any material taken into the stomach and causing dis-
order is liable to result in illness of different kinds to other
organs, on account of their close connection. Hence the
necessity of care in the selection of proper food and drink,
and exposure to influences that tend to lower vitality.
It has been said that what is food for one is often
poison for another, so it is dependent on individual judg-
ment to decide what course to pursue. Much depends upon
the constitutional temperament, the existing condition of
the organs, etc.
It may occur to the reader that by absolutely correct
living one should live indefinitely, for we know that the
body is being supplied with material that has been cast off,
as constantly as required. We see some who have lived
a long time and then die, who were free of any organic
disease.
As age advances, the bones and arteries become hard-
ened, the blood flows with less speed, and the different
organs lose their elasticity; vitality wanes little by little
from no apparent cause, and finally death ensues.
We may assume that certain wastes were not wholly
renewed, or that some ingredients were added to parts
which gradually changed their structure until eventually
they ceased to perform their duties entirely.
Our conduct should be such as the conditions demand.
We should be moderate in all things.
So live that when the summons come you will depart
this life with few regrets, and leave behind memories that
will stimulate others to emulate your example.
In all ages of the world the attention of the wisest of
men has been directed to the great problem of life. What
am I? For what purpose have I been created? Whv am
I here?
'K
now thyself" was written ages ago, and it is the
most vital question before man today. It is' impossible for
any one man to know it all, but any one can learn much
that will materially benefit him, by a little study, which
becomes a habit; it may be at first 'a little irksome, but as
we proceed we soon discover it to be a pleasant duty. Our
desire to learn more increases with every addition to our
l } 8 SECRETS REVEALED
knowledge, and through wisdom's channel life is brighter
and bettor.
By knowledge of his anatomy, man is capable of pro-
longing his life, and enjoying it better, for he will then
avoid many things that are harmful.
Let us 'take up, briefly, a discussion of the human body
and its functional requirements.
A very important part is the skin, the one concerned in
eliminating the waste from the system through the pores;
if these become clogged, the poison is left in the body, and
illness follows; thus we learn the necessity of cleanliness.
The bones come next, the composition of which is mostly
lime. As they are the frame which supports the body, they
must be strong, and if the food we eat be deficient in lime
they grow soft.
The muscles are next to follow. They control all of
our movements, and as they depend on the blood for nour-
ishment, and as the blood supply is in turn dependent on
the food taken into the stomach, it is necessary that all the
elements requisite for proper sustenance should be used for
this purpose.
It is estimated that no particle that is in our system
today will be there seven years hence, and some of the
parts are renewed more often, such as the finger nails,
which are renewed two or three times a year. This process
of carrying off and rebuilding is accomplished by the
organs known as the nutritive apparatus, of which there
are three parts, the digestive, the respiratory, and the cir-
culatory systems.
The digestive organs comprise the teeth, the "stomach,
the intestines, etc. The teeth grind the food, and after
being mixed with the saliva the pulpy mass enters the
stomach, where it mixes with the gastric juice, and is then
carried into the intestine in the form of what is called
Chyme; it is then acted upon by the bile and pancreatic
juice, which convert it into what is termed Chyle, a milk-
like fluid, a great portion of which is absorbed by the villi
and carried into the blood.
The heart receives the blood coming from the body,
mixed with the fluid food from the intestines, and sends it
to the lungs, whence, after many important changes, it is
returned to the heart to be sent on its journey throughout
the body. As the blood makes this grand circuit, each
member of the body takes from it whatever it may need.
The bones one portion, the muscles another, the nerves
another, and so on to every part. This tour is not only
GENERAL REMARKS APPERTAINING TO HEALTH 29
one of distribution, but one of collection as well, for it
gathers up all the waste particles that are to be expelled
in various ways.
It has been seen that the blood came back to one of the
four chambers of the heart from various parts of the body, _
loaded with impurities. This mixture is not fit to go out
into the body again, so it goes to the lungs, where it is
purified by the air we breathe.
The air we breathe is composed of about one-fifth oxy-
gen, the substance needed to purify the blood.
The walls of the little air tubes in the lungs, also the
walls of the blood vessels, are so thin that the impure
gases pass through and mix with the air, while the oxygen
passes into the blood, making it bright red, healthy. The
air, laden with impurities from the blood, is expelled in
the act of expiration.
The operation of the lungs is very rapid, and as all of
the blood must pass through them once in every three
minutes or less, some idea may be formed of the amount
of work they perform, and the necessity of pure air.
We know that the nerves are the origin of all action,
but how they control our movements is not fully under-
stood. The carpenter in driving a nail is told by the optic
nerve the exact location of it, and the motor nerve carries
orders to the arm to hit it, but we cannot tell precisely how
is is done.
How expressive is the face of man! How clearly it
nounces the thoughts and sentiments of the mind ! Love,
hate, anger, and joy are plainly depicted. Guilt shrinks
from detection, innocence declares its confidence, and hope
shines out in bright expectation.
Bearing in mind, then, that the brain and nerves are
the instruments of the thinking mind, and are also wound
in with every process of the body, we can easily understand
the necessity of keeping them in a healthy condition.
Sound mind, sound intellect, and sound physique, these
three go hand in hand. It is impossible for an unhealthy
person to perform wholesome mental labor. All of the
men mentioned in history as leaders in their time have
carefully watched over the condition of their bodies.
It is surprising to what heights man may climb by
judicious use of the talents with which he is endowed.
There is nothing worth having which he cannot acquire if
he but make up his mind fully to accomplish it.
We must ever be on our guard against temptation to
exceed the limit of safety, and check the desire to indulge
30 SECRETS REVEALED
in harmful pleasures. Never go to extremes in anything.
Always keep a reserved force in store with which to meet
emergencies.
The great majority of people eat too much. We are
creatures of habit, and think that because the usual time
of indulgence has arrived we must eat, regardless of the
inevitable result, and many of the ills from which man
suffers can be traced to that baneful habit.
Nature will notify a healthy person when to partake of
food, and the quantity necessary. Better to leave the
table a little hungry than to overload the stomach.
Man is an imitative creature, and is prone to follow the
leader. Don't be led; act independently, and be guided by
the dictates of your own conscience, which is usually right.
Men differ in constitution, and cannot judge correctly by
the conduct of others.
Each of our faculties can be improved by cultivation,
and it is the duty of man to aim at perfection.
The chase after the almighty dollar engrosses so much
of the time of the majority that they neglect to attend to
the very details which are necessary to obtain it. Health
is wealth, and no amount of riches can buy it.
CHAPTER IX
COMMON ILLS AND THETR REMEDIES
It should be understood that in all cases of disease a
reliable physician should be consulted.
It is not, therefore, intended by presenting* the follow-
ing information to supersede the important and necessary
practice of the medical man, but to afford relief until such
a time as his services are needed. In cases where the ail-
ment may be of a slight character, or in which remote resi-
dence, or other circumstances, may deny the privilege of
medical attendance, the following particulars will be found
of the utmost value. There are many ills that will yield
to simple treatment, and it is not necessary to call in a
doctor every time one feels "a little out of sorts."
However, in all cases where there are complications,
where there is serious organic trouble, a skilful physician
is necessary, and full confidence should be accorded him.
A common cold if attended to in time will avert possible
disaster, and the means of restoration are within the reach
of all. The cause of colds can, with proper precaution, be
rendered harmless, for they are the result, usually, of the
neglect of the simple rules of health, by carelessness in
^xposing the body to needless 'danger.
We should avoid wetting the feet and remaining inactive
and exposing the body to drafts, especially while the body
is warm from exercise.
In the case of a cold that has not become deep-seated, its
progress can be prevented, and a cure effected by bathing
the feet in hot water, to which has been added a quantity
of mustard, then take a 10-grain dose of Dover's powder,
followed in a short while with a hot drink, and then get
into bed. If this course is followed, the cold will usually
be broken up.
In the absence of the powder, Quinine, a five-grain dose,
may be taken with good result. The bowels must be kept
in order at all times. If there is a tendency to constipa-
tion, a physic should be taken.
Fever may bo said to be a general term, under which
re included several forms of disease, and is one of the
most common, and frequently one of the most complicated
complaints to which the body is liable. It affects the sys-
tem generally, and is rather a symptom than a disease.
?,
^2 SECRETS REVEALED
A person suffering from a fever should remain in bod
and take the following:
Rochelle Salt, 1 oz. Carbonate of Magnesia, 1 dr.
Peppermint Water, 6 ozs.
Mix, and take a teaspoonful every three hours.
A good tonic that costs little can be made as follows:
Sulphate of. Quinine, 1 dr. Leptandrin, 1 dr.
Tartaric Acid, 1 dr.
A sufficient quantity of alcoholic extract of black Cohosh
to moisten so as to make into pills. Mix well together, and
divide into 4-grain pills, and take one three times a day.
Headache is caused by different disorders, and is quite
common. If from a common cold, the snuff formula below
will be found of benefit:
Pulverized Bay Berry, 1 oz. Peruvian Bark, 1 oz.
Blood Root, 1 oz.
Mix well in a mortar, and use several times a day.
If a headache is caused by too much blood in the head,
avoid all food of a heating nature, and bathe the feet in
hot water, to which has been added a little mustard or
cayenne pepper, and take of the following mixture:
Pulverized Cayenne, 60 grs. Quinine, 10 grs.
Ipecac, 15 grs. Pulverized Opium, 10 grs.
Make into thirty pills, and take one at night and one in the
morning.
Headache from constipation and gastric derangement
may be relieved by the following:
Podophyllin, 20 grs. Gamboge, 20 grs.
Scammony, 20 grs. Rhubarb, 20 grs.
Cayenne, 20 grs.
Take sufficient extract of Mandrake to form into 25 pills,
and take three at night and three in the morning.
For what is usually termed a sick headache, bathe the
head in an equal portion of each of Spirits of Camphor,
Vinegar, and water, then take of the following:
Super-carbonic of Soda, Prepared Charcoal, 1 dr.
V-2 dr. Water, 1 oz.
Paregoric, 1 dr.
Mix, and take in one dose, and repeat in fifteen minutes if
not relieved.
COMMON ILLS AXD THEIR REMEDIES
33
,
Nervous headache is a form of Neuralgia, for which
take:
Extract of Aconite, V> gr. Extract of Stramonium,
Vs gr.
Valerianate of Quinine,
V4 gr.
ix, and take in one pill.
tinues, repeat in every hour until relieved,
of the following teas: Skull-cap, or Catnip.
If the case is severe, and con-
Drink freelv
Toothache, if the tooth is not too badly decayed, will
he relieved by a pill made of Gum Camphor and Opium,
and inserted in the cavity. A decayed tooth should be filled
by a competent dentist.
For Quinsy take a small handful of Sage, and as much
of Sumach berries or bark, and put into three pints of
water and boil down to one pint, then add a teaspoonful
each of Pulverized Alum and Saltpetre. Strain, and
sweeten with Honey, and gargle the throat with the mix-
ture frequently.
Pain in the side caused by what is termed False Pleu-
risy will be overcome by the following:
Oil of Sassafras, iy L > ozs. Oil of Hemlock, I 1 /, ozs.
Oil of Origanum, 1 oz. Laudanum, l.oz.
Mix, and nil") on the affected part.
For Asthma, use :
Lobelia Seed, 1 oz. Skunk Cabbage Balls, 1 oz.
High Cranberry Bark, 2 ozs. Stramonium Seed, i/o oz.
Capsicum, i/> oz. Alcohol, 5 pints
Mix, and let stand two weeks, shaking frequently. Dose:
From twenty to fifty drops three times a day, or during
tbe paroxysm as often as necessary.
Piles are probably the most common of all the ills, and
in order to render any local application effective the bowels
must be regulated, for which the following is beneficial:
Equal parts of Flowers of Sulphur and Cream of Tar-
tar, taken in doses of a teaspoonful once a day in molasses,
as required.
Iviib on the affected parts a salve made as follows:
Lard, 2ozs. Sulphur, 1 dr.
Mix, and rub between two plates of lead until it is well
ilackened.
:u
SECRETS REVEALED
Pain in the back is common, and is often blamed on the
kidneys when they are not involved. The symptoms of
kidney trouble are usually chills in the back and loins, ex-
tending to the bladder, which is aggravated by pressure.
There is sometimes nausea, a desire to vomit. The urine
is scanty, highly colored, and often bloody. In all cases
where the kidneys are involved a physician should be con-
sulted.
The following i-s recommended for backache:
Sweet Spirits of Nitre, 2 ozs. Spirits of Turpentine, 1 oz.
Oil of Sweet Almonds, 2 ozs.
Mix, and take a teaspoonful every three or four hours, in
Spearmint tea.
The following remedy was originally purchased at great
expense, and will be found of value in many cases where
a liniment is required. It is invaluable in all surface pains,
such as neuralgia, rheumatism, toothache, etc. :
Alcohol, 1 oz. Chloroform, % oz.
Gum Camphor, y 2 oz - ^ f Cloves, Vi> dr.
Oil of Lavender, 1 dr. Sulphuric Ether, % oz.
Laudanum, Vs z -
Mix thoroughly together, and rub in well.
Dyspepsia is one of the most common diseases with
which the physician meets. Those who are of sedentary
habits, who have little opportunity for exercise, are more
subject to it than others. It is the result of indigestion,
and is often caused by imperfect mastication of food. We
eat too hastily, and the food enters the stomach in such a
condition that the mass is imperfectly acted upon by the
gastric juices, and it is not all passed out in time, but
i (>mains in the stomach, where it putrefies. Eating late
at night just before retiring, anger, great joy, all the emo-
tions, in fact, are fruitful causes of Dyspepsia, as is also
eating after great bodily fatigue. It is not necessary to
admonish any one what not to eat, as we all soon discover
what is objectionable, and, besides, no set rule can be laid
down, because what would be harmful to some might prove
beneficial to others. In acidity of the stomach, the follow-
ing is of benefit:
Powdered Bay Berry Bark. Bicarbonate of Soda, 1 oy..
1 oz. Powdered Golden Seal, 1 oz.
Powdered Prickly Ash Bark, Powdered Bitter Root, 1 oz.
1 oz.
Mix, and take from one-half to one teaspoonful throe times
a dav.
COMMON ILLS AND THEIR REMEDIES 35
For chronic cases take :
Powdered Blue Flag, 1 oz. Powdered Mandrake, 1 oz.
Powdered Bitter Root, 1 oz. Powdered Blood Root, i/ 2 oz.
Capsicum, 2 dr.
Mix, and take as above.
For chronic constipation take :
Oxide of Bismuth, 12 grs. Aloes, 24 grs.
Make into twelve pills with molasses, and take four at
night on going to bed until the stomach is strengthened.
The liver is usually out of order in all cases of dyspep-
sia, and the following will correct the trouble: One-half
drachm each of Extract of Gentian and Powdered Rhu-
barb, and four grains of Blue Mass.
Make into twenty pills, and take one three times a day,
until relieved.
The following bitters are valuable in dyspepsia :
Peruvian Bark, 1 oz. Gentian Root, 1 oz.
Orange Peel, % oz. Coriander Seed, ] / L > oz.
Bruise all together in a mortar, and put them in a quart
of French brandy, and let stand for four or five days, then
take a teaspoonful in a glass of water an hour before
neals.
Constipation is very common, and should be avoided,
as the majority of the ills from which we suffer are caused
by failure to evacuate the bowels.
Do not under any circumstances neglect to attend to a
call of nature in this respect. Form the habit of going to
the toilet at a certain time every morning; even should the
desire to evacuate fail to manifest itself, persist, and
nature will establish a habit of vital importance.
Proper exercise should be taken every day, and the
right kind of food selected. Fruit, coarse bread and soup
are excellent articles of diet for one subject to constipa-
tion, and salt meats, pastry, cheese, and highly seasoned
dishes should be avoided.
A mixture of Rhubarb, 2 parts ; Bicarbonate of Potassa,
part, mixed into 6-grain doses, and taken in a little warm
water three times a day, one hour before each meal, will
act favorably.
When the bowels become loose, the following will be of
benefit:
Compound syrup of Rhubarb and Potassa, 4 ozs.
Issence of Peppermint, 1 dr. Paregoric, 4 dr.
>onful three times a day.
.'Id SECRETS REVEALED
For Ague:
Quinine, 20 grs. Dover's Powders, 10 grs.
Sub-carbonate of Iron, 1.0 grs.
Mix with mucilage of Gum Arabic, and form into 20 pills.
Take two each hour, commencing five hours before the chill
should set in; then take one night and morning, until all
are taken.
For sore throat : One-half pint of strong sage tea. two
tablespoonfuls each of strained honey, salt and vinegar.
Take a teaspoonful of cayenne, and mix with the tea first,
then add the other ingredients. Bottle, and use as a gargle
several times a day.
For felons: Take half a pint of sweet oil, and put into
it a piece of plug tobacco about the size of a half dollar,
and stew until it is crisp, then squeeze the tobacco out, and
add one ounce of red lead, and boil until black. When
partly cooled, add one ounce of powdered camphor gum,
and wrap around the affected part.
Another Cure for Felon: Wind a cloth loosely about the
finger, leaving the end open, then pour in black gunpowder
enough to cover the part afflicted, and keep it moist with
strong Spirits of Camphor.
For Warts and Corns: Take a small piece of Potash,
and let it stand in the air until it slacks, then thicken it
to a paste with pulverized Gum Arabic. Pare off the top
of corn or wart, and apply the paste, and let it stand for
about ten minutes; then wash off and soak in vinegar.
Wear well-fitting shoes, and you will not be troubled with
corns.
For Stomach Worms: Take one-half ounce each of
Manna, Carolina Pink root, Senna leaf, and American
Worm seed; bruise and pour on one pint of boiling water,
then steep, but do not boil. Sweeten, and add a pint of
milk. A child may take one gill three times a day, before
meals, until the bowels move freely. If no favorable re-
sults ensue, wait a day and increase' the dose, continuing
until the end is accomplished.
For Tape Worm: Pulverized Pumpkin seeds, two ounces
every four hours, for four or five days; if necessary, take
a cathartic to move the bowels freely. One ounce of Tur-
pentine in Castor Oil is also effective.
To stop the flow of blood from a slight cut, take equal
parts of salt and wheat flour, and sprinkle on drv. If an
COMMON TT.T.S AND THETR REMEDIES .>7
artery he cut, the blood will flow in spurts, and will be of
n bright red color; and to stop it, use a compress between
the cut and heart; if a vein be severed, the blood will be
of a dark red color, and flow steadily, and it must be com-
pressed on the side away from the heart.
For burns: Equal parts of turpentine, beeswax, and
sweet oil. Melt the wax and oil together, and when a little
cool add the turpentine, and stir until cold. This is an
excellent salve for cuts and bruises, also.
Palpitation of the Heart can be stopped temporarily by
drinking Soda Water.
For old Sores and Ulcers: One ounce each of Beeswax
and Rosin, mixed with four ounces of Mutton Tallow or
Lard. After melting, pour in one drachm of pulverized
Verdigris, and stir until cold. First thoroughly clean the
sore with warm water and soap. If there be any proud
flesh, sprinkle over with finely powdered Alum, and remove
as much as possible without causing bleeding, then apply
the ointment.
Another ointment may be made as follows: Equal parts
of Tincture of Myrrh, Aloes, and Blood Root, added to
the above ointment.
Chronic cases of Heartburn can be relieved with the
following: Mix a teaspoonful of prepared Chalk with five
grains of Ginger, and take in milk or water. Heartburn
is a misnomer, as it has no connection with the heart, being
caused by acidity of the stomach.
Hiccough is sometimes difficult to control, and the fol-
lowing will usually relieve: Twenty drops of Sal Volatile
and fifteen drops of Ether, in a wine glass of Camphor
water.
In severe cases, thirty drops of Laudanum in water.
For a Sore Throat: Wrap a piece of flannel about the
throat on retiring, and gargle with a strong solution of
Alum.
For Sprains: One ounce each of Spirits of Camphor.
Vinegar, and Spirits of Turpentine, rubbed in thoroughly,
after having soaked the affected part in very cold water
>r an hour or more.
It is very important in using liniments, ointments, etc.,
rub them in thoroughly. The rubbing itself is of a cura-
ive nature, and it greatly assists in the action of medicine.
Chapter X
POISONS AND TTTETH ANTIDOTES
hi rases of poisoning 1 , haste is imperative, and tlio first
thing- to do is to adniinistor an emetic to empty the stom-
ach, then give about a tablespoonful of salt mixed with
mustard, in warm water, or cold will answer.
Putting the ringer in the throat and moving it about
will usually bo effective.
Also salad oil in warm water, or three or four grains
of tobacco.
After the stomach has been emptied, administer the
following antidotes:
POISOXS A XTIDOTKS
Arsenic, or any preparation The white of eggs,
of. Any of each, Lime water.
Chalk and water.
Hydrate of iron.
Alcohol, etc.*, Dash cold water on the
head, and give diluted
Ammonia water.
Ammonia, Lemon juice,' diluted Vine-
gar, or Acetic acid.
Nitric, or any of the burn- Magnesia, or Soap water.
ing acids,
Antimony, Tea made of Peruvian bark,
or Galls, or White Oak
bark ; give freely.
Alkali Volatile, Drink freely of water with
Lemon juice or Vinegar
in it.
Citric and Acetic arid, Chalk, or Magnesia water,
Flaxseed tea, or L i m e
water.
Carbolic acid. Flour and water, or any
glutinous drink.
Cantharidos, Drink freely of milk or
Camphor water, a table-
spoonful, a n d r u b the
Spirits on the outside.
POISONS AND THEIR ANTIDOTES
POISONS
Carbonate of soda,
"nils tic potash,
hloral hydrate,
Chloride of lime,
Cobalt,
orrosive sublimate,
Creosote,
/opperas,
Absinthe,
Belladonna,
Bitter almonds, and Peach
kernels,
Bine vitrol, and Sulphuric
acid,
Fish (Ptomaine),
Fowler's solution,
Poison oak, or Ivy,
Opium, Laudanum, etc.,
Lime,
ANTIDOTKS
Soap, or Mucilage drink.
Drink freely of Lemonade
or diluted Vinegar.
Dash cold water on head
and face, and apply arti-
ficial respiration.
Lemonade, or diluted Vine-
gar, and physic.
Soap, or Mucilaginous
drinks.
Milk, or white of eggs,
freely.
Starch or flour mixed with
water, or white of eggs.
White of eggs.
Drink freely of Flaxseed
tea.
Drink freely of Lemonade
or Vinegar water.
Spirits of Hartshorn, strong
Coffee, and cold applica-
tions to the stomach.
Magnesia, Soap, Chalk, or
Lime water, then give
Mucilage water or milk.
Strong physic, then any al-
kaline drink.
Sweet oil, butter and milk.
Apply to affected part a
strong solution of Sugar
of Lead.
Strong Coffee, and keep the
patient awake at all haz-
ards.
Vinegar water, or Lemon
juice.
lECRETS KEVEALED
POISONS
Lunar caustic,
Lye,
Mercury,
Morphine,
Muriatic acid,
Mushrooms,
Nitrate of silver,
Phosphorus,
"Paris green, Nux vomica,
etc.,
Prussic acid (the deadliest
of poisons),
Strychnine,
Tobacco,
Tartaric acid,
ANTIDOTES
Milk, freely, then physic.
Vinegar, or Olive oil.
White of eggs.
Strong Coffee, and keep pa-
tient awake.
Magnesia, or soap water.
Kpsom salts, and stimulate.
Salt water freely.
Milk, or Magnesia, and fol-
low with Flaxseed tea.
Hydrate of iron, white of
eggs, Lime w a t e r , or
Chalk and water.
Coffee; inhale Ammonia,
Camphor, or Vinegar, and
pour water on the head
and back.
White of eggs, Lime water.
Hydrate of iron.
Whiskey and water.
Magnesia, or Soap water.
PROPORTIONAL DOSES OF MEDICINES
A full dose for ages above 21 years of age up to the
age of ()f), and above that age graduate in reverse order:
At 7 weeks of age,
At 7 months.
Under two years,
Under three.
Under four,
Tndei' seven,
Under fourteen,
Under twenty,
One-fifteenth.
One-twelfth.
One-eighth.
One-sixth.
One-fourth.
One-third.
One-half.
Two-fifths.
CHAPTER XT
LATIN NAMES OF DRUGS AND THETR EQUIVALENT IN ENGLISH
LATIN
Acacia.
Acetum.
Acidum citricum.
Acidum hydrocyanieum.
Acidnm oxalicum.
Acidum tartaricum.
Adeps.
Allium sativnni.
A hi men.
Amygdala dulcis.
Apocynum cannabinum.
Aqua ammoniae.
Aqua calcis.
Argenti natras.
Aristiochia serpentaria.
Arnica montana.
Atropa belladonna.
Aurantii cortex.
A venae farina.
A venae sativa.
Butyrum.
Calamus aromaticus.
Calcis chloridum.
Cantharis vesicatoria.
Capsicum annuum.
Car bo ligni.
Caryopyllus aromaticus.
Cassia inaralandica.
Cephaelis ipecacauanlia.
Cera alba.
Cera flava.
Cerevis-lar fermentum.
Certraria islandica.
Chloroformi.
Cinchonia rupia.
Conolvolus jala]>a.
Cornus florida.
Creosotum.
Creta preparata.
ENGLISH
Gum arabic.
Vinegar.
Citric acid.
Prussic acid.
Oxalic acid.
Tartaric acid.
Lard.
Garlic.
Alum.
Sweet almonds.
Indian hemp.
Ammonia.
Lime water.
Caustic.
Snake root.
Arnica flowers.
Deadly night shade.
Orange peel.
Oatmeal.
Oats.
Butter.
Calamus.
Chloride of lime.
Cantha rides.
Bed pepper.
Charcoal.
Cloves.
Senna.
Ipecac.
White wax.
Yellow wax.
Yeast.
Iceland moss.
Chloroform.
Peruvian bark.
Jalap.
Dogwood.
Creosote.
Prepared chalk.
SECRETS 17 EV E ALED
LATTX
Crocus salivas.
Cupri sulphas.
I )alura stramonium.
Ku pa tor in in perfoliatum.
Ferri ferroeyanuretum.
Ferri sul])has.
Gaultheria procumbens.
Glycerina.
Q-lycyrrhhiza glabra.
I [amamelis virginiana.
I [ydrargryri corrosive
ehloridum.
Hydrargryri chloride mite.
Flyd ra rgr y ri ox i d vmi
rubrum.
Hy d ra s t i c ca naden i s.
lodinum.
Laurus campliora.
Lap|)a minor.
Leptrandra virglnica.
Linnin usitatissmum.
Lotii Iiydrargi-yri nigm.
Lupulina.
Magnesia earbonas.
Magnesia sulphas.
Maranta arundinacea.
Marriubium vnlgaro.
Mel despumatum,
Mentha pi])erita.
Mentha ])iilegium.
M oschus moscliiverns.
Myristica mosehata.
Xarthex asaftrtida.
Oleum amygdahr.
Oleum morrhuu'.
Oleum oliva-.
Oleum rieini.
Oleum terebinthinas.
Oleum tigleum.
Pa paver somniferum.
Pi^meiitum indicum.
Pilula 1 inassa- hydrargryri.
Piper nigrum.
Phytolacca.
Saffron.
Bluestone.
Thorn a])])le.
Boneset.
Prussian blue.
Green vitro I.
\Yintergreen.
Glycerine.
Licorice.
Witch hazel.
( Corrosive sublimate.
Calomel.
Red precipitate.
Golden seal.
Iodine.
Camphor.
Burdock.
Culvers root.
Flax seed.
I > lack wash.
Hops.
Magnesia.
Epsom salts.
Arrow root.
Morehound.
Honey.
Peppermint.
Pennyroyal.
Musk.
Nutmeg.
Asafo?tida.
Oil of almonds.
Cod liver oil.
Olive oil.
Castor oil.
Turpentine.
Croton oil.
Poppy heads.
[ndigo.
Blue mass.
Black pepper.
Poke.
LATIN NAMES OF DRUGS AND EQUIVALENT IN ENGLISH 48
LATIN
Plumbi acetas.
Pottassi nitras.
Pottassi supertartras.
Prunas virginiana.
Pulv ipecac et opii.
Quercus alba.
Rheuma officinale.
Rhus taxicodendron.
Saccharum album.
Saccharum laxtis.
Sagus rumphii.
Sanguinaria canadensis.
Sinapis alba.
Sinapis nigra.
Soda? chloridum.
Similax officinale.
Soda? hi boras.
Soda? carbonas.
Sodae et potassii tartras.
Soda? phosphas.
Soda? sulphas.
Solanum dulcamara,
Stillingia.
Sulphur rotundum.
Theobroma cacao.
Tinctura opii.
Tinctura opii camphorata,
Ulmas fulva,
Xanthroxylum
igiber offinalis.
ENGLISH
Sugar of lead.
Saltpetre.
Cream of tartar.
Wild cherry.
Dover's powders.
White oak.
Rhubarb.
Poison oak.
White sugar.
Sugar of milk.
Sago.
Bloodroot.
White mustard.
Black mustard.
Salt.
Sarsaparilla.
Borax.
Carbonate of soda,
Rochelle salts.
Phosphate of soda.
Glauber salts.
Bitter sweet.
Queen root.
Sulphur.
Chocolate.
Laudanum.
Paregoric.
Slippery elm.
Prickly ash.
Ginger.
CHAPTER XTT
FORMULAS OF PATKXT MEDICINES
Dr. Pierce'* Golden Medical Discovery
ozs.
oz.
ozs.
oz.
oz.
Fluid Extract of Cinchona.
Fluid Extract of Colombo,
Fluid Extract of (Uiiae,
Fluid Extract of Licorice,
Tincture of Opium, y 4
Podophyllin (Resinoid), 30 grs.
Glycerine, 1 pint
Dissolve the podophyllin in alcohol, then add the other
ingredients. Thoroughly mix, and take a teaspoonful twice
a dav.
Peruno
Alcohol, 1 pt.
Cubebs, 1 dr.
Burnt Sugar,
Water, 1} pts.
oz.
Cascarets
C a s ca r i n e , 1 '2 1/ -_> gr
Podophyllin, 8 grs.
A loin, 12 1/0 grs.
Belladonna, 8 grs.
Sugar, 8 ozs.
drs.
Haarlem
Oil of Turpentine, 1 pt.
Linseed Oil, */> pt.
Balsam of Sulphur, 1 gill
Barbadoes Tar, V> gill
Crude Oil of Amber, 1 oz.
//. />. li.
Bud m, Vi oz -
I'va Ursi, 2 1 /* drs.
Extract of Cubebs,
Alcohol, 4 ozs.
Oil of Peppermint, 1 dr.
Centaur Liniment
Oil of Sassafras, 2 ozs.
< )il of Spike, .'5 ozs.
Oil of Peppermint, 1 oz.
Oil of Petroleum, o ozs.
Oil of (Moves,
Oil of Cinnamon,
Oil of Cedar,
Oil of Origanum,
L igh / n ing Liu im cut
Glycerine, 1 oz. Extract of Aconite, 1
Alcohol, 4 ozs. oil of Mustard, 1
This is a valuable liniment for rheumatism.
2 drs.
2 ozs.
2 ozs.
2 ozs.
Oil of Wormwood,
2 ozs.
Oil of Tansy,
2 drs.
A(|iia Ammonia.
2 ozs.
Tincture of Opium,
2 ozs.
Opodeldoc,
2 ozs.
Gum Camphor,
2 ozs.
Chloroform,
2 ozs.
Alcohol,
1 gal.
dr.
FORMULAS OF PATENT MEDICINES 45
Mexican Mustang Liniment
Petroleum, '2 ozs. Brandy, 1 dr.
A(|iia Ammonia, 1. oz.
Hamlin's Wizard Oil
Tincture of Camphor, 2 ozs. Aqua Ammonia, V- oz.
Tincture of Opium, V> oz. Chloroform, 2 drs.
Powdered Cayenne, y 2 oz. Oil of Sassafras, Vl> oz -
Alcohol, V> oz. Turpentine, 1 dr.
Oil of Cloves, 1 dr.
Radu'ay's Ready Relief
Tincture of Capsicum, 1 oz. Aqua Ammonia, M> oz.
Spirits of Camphor, 2 ozs. Alcohol. Vi oz.
Soap Liniment, 1 ' > ozs.
Perny /)r/?;?V Pm A^/7/pr SJ. Jacob's Oil
Tincture of Capsicum, 1 oz. Ether, 1 oz.
Spirits of Camphor, 2 ozs. Alcohol, 1 oz.
Tincture of Guaiac, y L > oz. Burnt Sugar, 1 oz.
Tincture of Myrrh, i/[, oz. Water, 1 oz.
K'cohdl, 4 ozs.
Ayer's Cherry Pectoral
ncture of Bloodroot, Wine of Ipecac, 3 drs.
2 ozs. Acetate of Morphia, 4 grs.
Antimonial Wine, 3 drs.
Wine of Car dm
Fresh Cocoa leaves, 3 ozs. Port Wine, 1 pt.
Dr. Pierce' s Favorite Prescription
Tincture of Digitalis, Savin, 10 parts
2 parts Cinnamon, 5 parts
Tincture of Opium, 2 parts Agaric, 5 parts
Oil of Anise, 8 parts Alcohol, 45 parts
Peruvian Bark, 10 parts Water, 220 parts
Gum Arabic, 10 parts
Warner's Safe Cure
owdered Saltpetre, 2 drs. Alcohol, .'> ozs.
iverwort, 1 oz.
u
Cluun hcrl (tin's Relief
Tincture of Capsicum, 1 oz. Tincture of Guaiac, 1 oz.
Spirits of Camphor, % oz. Alcohol, 1 oz.
'EVEALED
Tincture of Oardamon
Seed 1 oz.
Tincture of Cinnamon, Extract of Sarsaparilla,
y oz> 1 oz.
Extract of Phvtolacca,
Acetate of Potash, 1 oz.
Iodide of Potash, 1 oz.
Extract of Culvers
Boot,
Alcohol,
Sugar,
! oz.
4 ozs.
i/o !)).
1 oz. Water, .'tt; ozs.
Pile Oinfnn-nt
Stramonium Ointment, 1 oz. Carbonate of Lead, ' L . oz.
Sulphate of Morphia, 15 grs. Olive Oil, 'JO drops
Magnetic Ointment
Prepared Lard, 8 ozs. Simmer on stove, then
Raisins, 3 ozs. strain. Good for Salt
Fine Cut Tobacco, 3 ozs. Rheum, Tetter, etc.
Anderson's Soothing Ointment
Oxide of Bismuth, V L > oz. Vaseline, 4' L > ozs.
Oleic Acid, 4 ozs. Oil of Rose, to perfume.
White Wax, TI/, ozs.
loflofonn Ointment
lodoform, 10 grs. Cosmolins, 1 oz.
Oil of Eucalyptus, 1 dr.
(ireen Mountain tialre
Powdered Verdigris, 1 oz. P>alsam Fir, 1 oz.
Oil of Wormwood, V L oz. Mutton Tallow, 4 ozs.
Venice Turpentine, IV, ozs. Beeswax, 4 ozs.
Oil of Red Cedar, 1 oz. Burgundy Pitch, 4 ozs.
Oil of Origanum, 1 oz. Resin, 5 Ibs.
Oil of Hemlock, 1 oz.
Melt the resin, pitch, tallow, and balsam together; then add
the oils with the verdigris, together with the other ingredi-
ents, and mix thoroughly. This is one of the best salves
made.
CHAPTER XIII
HOUSEHOLD RECIPES
An excellent cold cream can be made as follows:
Oil of Sweet Almonds, 8 ozs. White Wax, 4 drs.
Rose Water, 8 ozs. Pulverized Borax, 20 grs.
Spermaceti, 6 drs. Attar of Roses, 8 drops
Melt the spermaceti, wax and oil of almonds together by
gentle heat; then dissolve the borax in the rose water, and
add slowly to the melted mixture while on the fire; then
take off and stir until cool, and add the attar of roses.
For Chapped Hands
Carbolic Acid, 30 grs. Yolk of one egg.
Glycerine, 3 ozs.
Put in a bottle, and shake well.
Hair Tonic
Tincture of Cantharides, Cinnamon, 15 drops
2 drs. Lavender, l^t drs.
Oil of Bergamont, 3 ozs. Aqua Ammonia, 4 drs.
Castor Oil, 3 ozs.
Alcohol sufficient to make one quart.
Hair Oil
Oil of Cotton Seed, 1 pt. . Oil of Rosemary, 1 dr.
Oil of Fennel, V 4 oz. Oil of Cinnamon, 3 drs.
Oil of Sassafras, V 4 oz. Oil of Cloves, 1 dr.
Oil of Thvme, 1 dr. Oil of Lavender, 1 dr.
s,
Sea Foam Shampoo
ulphuric Ether, 1 oz. Dissolve 2 ozs. of Castile
Alcohol, 1 oz. Soap in 1 qt. of rain water,
Glycerine, 1 oz. and add the other ingredi-
Aqua Ammonia, 1 dr. ents.
Tooth Potrflcr
Prepared Chalk, 1 Ib. Orris Root, 4 ozs.
Powdered Borax, 8 ozs. Mix well, and strain.
Myrrh, 4 ozs.
48 SECRETS
1 onj.) of Milk. ] tablespoonful of Sugar.
i/. oil]) of Water. 2 tablespoonfuls of Butter.
'2 cups of Bran. 1 teaspoonful of Salt.
1 cnp of Graham Flour.
11 cat the milk, then add the sugar and butter; when luke-
warm, add the yeast, softened in one half cup of water; then
add the salt, bran, and flour. Beat well, and let rise until
double in bulk, then divide into two loaves, knead and put
in two pans. Let rise again and bake in a moderate oven.
Bran Gems
1 cup of Flour. 1 tablespoon ful of Sugar.
1 Cup of Milk. 1 teaspoonful of Salt.
2 cups of Bran. .*> teaspoonful s of Baking
1 Egg. Powder.
2 tablespoonfuls of Butter.
Sift the flour with the salt, sugar, and baking powder; add
beaten egg, milk, and bran, and beat thoroughly; then pour
in the melted butter, and pour into hot gem pans, and bake
in hot oven.
Cream Pie
1 cup of Sour Cream. y>> cup of Raisins.
% <*up of Sugar. y 4 cup of Currants.
1 teaspoonful of Ground V teaspoonful of Cinnamon.
Cloves. 2 Eggs.
Separate the eggs, and to the beaten yolks add raisins and
currants, chopped very fine, then sugar, cream, and spices.
Line a pie plate with rich paste, and bake the mixture with
only one crust, using the whites of the eggs for a meringue.
Poporerft icitli Chocolate Sauce
1 cup of Milk. V> teaspoonful of Salt.
.1 cup of Flour. 1 Egg.
Put flour, milk, egg, and salt in a deep bowl, beat well and
pour into hot gem pans that have been well buttered. Serve
with the following sauce:
1 square of Chocolate. i/> teaspoonful of Salt,
1 cup of Milk. T teaspoonful Corn Starch.
1 cup of Sugar. 1 tablespoonful of Butter.
1 teaspoonful of Vanilla.
Melt chocolate with tablespoonful of water; when bubbling,
add milk, salt, butter, and sugar; when boiling, thicken with
corn starch, wet with a little water or milk. Cook until ra\v
starch is gone, and flavor.
HOUSEHOLD RECIPES 49
Cottage Pudding
2 l / 4 cups of Flour. 14 teaspoonful of Almond
1 cup of Milk. Extract.
i/o cup of Sugar. 1 teaspoonful of Vanilla
2 tablespoonfuls of Butter Extract.
1 Egg. 2 l / 2 teaspoonful s of Baking
!/o teaspoonful of Salt. Powder.
Beat butter and sugar together, then add the egg, well
beaten, then the milk and flour sifted with all the dry in-
gredients; flavor with the almonds and vanilla, and bake
45 minutes in a moderate oven. Serve with the chocolate
sauce.
Maple Frosting
1 Ib. of Maple Sugar. The Beaten Whites of Two
1 cup of Water. Eggs.
Boil sugar and water until it will spin a thin thread; pour
on the egg whites slowly, beating all the time; when stiff
enough to spread, pour on cakes.
Nice rolls can be made with the same dough as bread,
except use cream or milk instead of water, and roll into
P^sired shape.
Boiled Rice. Clean rice in cold water, then put one cup
of it into two cups of boiling water, and let it boil rapidly
until tender; drain at once and put into a warm oven
until dry.
Steamed rice should be put in a steamer and cooked for
about an hour, without stirring. Rice should not be more
than three inches deep in a vessel, as its weight will make
<+ soggy.
Rice and raisins make a very palatable dish, and it may
be prepared as follows: Cook as directed for steamed rice,
but as soon as it has swelled, before it has softened, stir
into it softly, with a fork, a cupful of raisins or currants,
and serve with cream.
In preparing macaroni for cooking, do not wash it; if
dusty, wipe off with a dry rag, break into pieces and put
into plenty of boiling water, as it absorbs a great deal;
when tender, put in a colander and strain, and pour cold
water through it to prevent it from sticking together. It
can be seasoned to suit the taste. Macaroni is very useful
in soups, and is a valuable adjunct to many dishes.
">() SECRETS REVEALED
Macaroni with tomato sauce is made by the same pro-
cess as the preceding, then prepare tomatoes by stewing
and pressing through a colander and strain; then thicken
with a little flour, about a tahlespoonfnl to the pint, sea--
son, and, if desirable, add a little cream. Fruit of any kind
is a pleasant accompaniment to macaroni.
Corn Pnffx. Mix the yolk of one egg 1 with a .cup of
milk, then add a cup of flour, one-half cup of fine corn
meal, and one-fourth cup of sugar; mix thoroughly; place
the batter where it will cool, then beat until full of air
bubbles, then put in carefully the well-beaten white of the
egg, and pour into well-heated irons, and bake in a mod-
erate oven thirty or forty minutes.
Xttt (V/.v/;.v. Mix together I 1 /!' cups of coarse graham
flour, and i/i cnp of finely ground nuts. Make into a stiff
dough with cold water; knead well and roll into very thin
wafers, shape* and bake on perforated tins until lightly
browned on both sides.
l I^cdi'x. -Pare, halve and remove seeds, and place
in a shallow earthen dish, using one cup of water to each
two quarts of the fruit; cover, and bake in a moderate
oven until tender, and serve with sugar and cream.
H'itli Celery. Pare and slice the potatoes, and
put in stew pan with one-quarter as much of minced celery;
put in sufficient milk to cover, and stew until tender.
. Mix two pounds of flour with one-half
ounce of carbonate of magnesia, then add one pint of
molasses, one-half pound of sugar, two ounces of melted
butter, two drachms of tartaric acid; make a stiff pastes
and add two drachms each of nutmeg and cinnamon; let
stand one hour, and hake slowly.
CHAPTER XTV
USEFUL INFORMATION
To Besliarpen Old Files. Dissolve four ounces of sal-
era his in one quart of water, and boil the files in this solu-
tion for half an hour; take out, wash and dry; then stand in
the following preparation: Water, one quart, and four
ounces of sulphuric acid. Coarse files should remain in
the solution for twelve hours; fine ones, about three. If a
file is not too dull, it can be cleaned with benzole and a
scratch brush.
To destroy the taste of castor oil, beat in with the white
of an egg until thoroughly mixed.
To remove the odor of onions from the breath, eat a
little parsley with a little vinegar in it.
Management of Brooms. Wet in boiling soapsuds once
week, and they will be tougher and last longer.
To Exterminate Ants. Powdered borax sprinkled
about their haunts will drive them away.
To Purify Water in a Cistern. Two ounces of perman-
ganate of potassa put in the cistern will purify the water.
To Destroy Bed Bugs. Equal parts of turpentine and
coal oil will destroy them.
Waterproof Composition for Leather. Dissolve by
heat one ounce of pure India rubber shavings in one quart
of neats foot oil, and add two ounces of tallow, and rub in
the leather thoroughly.
To Prevent Iodine from Staining.* Add a few drops of
liquid carbolic acid to the mixture.
Simple Cure for a Felon. As soon as the soreness ap-
pears, wrap the part with a rag saturated with tincture of
lobelia.
II on- to Preserve Meat. Put in a vessel and cover with
sour milk or buttermilk.
To Scnr or Cut (ttass. Keep the cutting tool or saw
moistened with camphorized oil of turpentine.
~>- SECRETS 'REVEALED
Composition to Tout/hen Steel. Resin, 2 Ibs. ; Tallow,
2 Ihs. ; Black Pitch, 1 II). Molt together and dip the metal
in the mixture while hot.
The following- is a fair estimate of the quantity of paint
required for a given surface:
First coat, which will cover b'5 square yards of surface:
10 Ibs. white lead.
1 oz. red lead.
'2 ozs. litharge.
4 pts. -linseed oil.
Second coat, which will cover TOO square- yards:
10 Ihs. white lead.
'2 ozs. litharge.
-' pts. linseed oil.
1 -V-2 l^s. turpentine.
Third coat, which will cover 11. > square yards:
10 Ibs. white lead.
- ozs. litharge.
'2 pts. linseed oil.
'2 pts. turpentine.
With ordinary paints, new wood and iron work requires
four coats; old paint, two coats for inside, and three for
outside.
Hoir 1o Mi-jr Paints for Color*
Buff. White, red, yellow, ochre.
Chestnut. Red, black, yellow.
Chocolate. Raw umber, red, black.
Claret. Red, umber, black.
Copper. Black, yellow, red.
Dove. White, vermilion, blue, yellow.
Drab. White, yellow, red, black.
Fawn. White, yellow, red.
Flesh. White, yellow, vermilion.
(Jray. White, black.
Lemon. White, yellow.
Olive. Yellow, blue, black, while.
Orange. Yellow, red.
Peach.. 'White, vermilion.
Purples Violet, red, white.
Rose. White, madder lake.
Snuff. Yellow, Van Dyke brown
Violet Bed, blue, white.
USEFUL INFORMATION 5?>
To Remove Paint from Cloth.- Saturate the stain with
equal parts of turpentine and ammonia until they become
soft, then wash with soap and water.
To Re more Old Pain! from Iron or Wood. One gallon
of hot water, to which add one-half pound of sal soda. Mix
well, and apply hot.
To Remove Old Putty. .Apply nitric or muriatic acid.
Partit for Blackboards. Dissolve four ounces of glue in
one quart of water, then put in three ounces of flour of
emery and sufficient lampblack to color. Stir until there
are no lumps, and apply with a woolen rag wrapped tightly
in a roll. Three coats are sufficient.
To Revive the Colors of Old Paintings. Mix two
ounces of linseed oil with one ounce of methylated chloro-
form and apply a little over the painting, after having
washed it with clean water and a soft rag; then wipe off
the composition the following day.
To Clean Silverware. Never use soap, as it dulls the
luster; when it requires cleaning, rub it with chamois
leather and prepared chalk, made into a paste with a little
water.
To Clean Marble. Mix two parts of common soda with
one part each of fine chalk and pumice, and mix with
water. After applying, wash off with soap and water.
To Keep Milk Sweet, and to Make Sour Milk Sweet.
Put in it a small quantity of carbonate of magnesia.
tTo Cut a Circular Hole in Glass. Scratch the glass
h a file or engraver's tool, the desired shape, then bend
a piece of wire the same shape, heat it red hot and lay it
on the scratch; then lay the glass on the surface of water
in a vessel ; immerse so as to let the water come up to the
glass and it will usually break at the place where the wire is.
To Preserve Iron from Rust. Make a paste of linseed
oil and whiting, and apply.
Facts for Builders
One thousand shingles laid 4 inches to the weather will
cover 100 square feet of surface, and 5 pounds of nails will
fasten them on.
SECRETS REVEALED
One-fifth more of siding', or flooring, is needed than the
number of square feet of surface to be covered, because of
the lap.
Two bushels of sand to one of cement will cover a space
o'o square yards, one inch thick.
Oil for lubricating delicate machinery, and that will not
gum, may be made as follows: Take equal parts each of
zinc and lead shavings, and put into good Florence olive
oil, and put in a cool place until the oil is colorless, and it
will be ready for use.
A spoonful of ox gall in a gallon of water will set the
color of any fabric.
To Render Leather Waterproof. Boiled linseed oil, 1G
parts; spirits of turpentine, 4 parts; beeswax, 1 part, and
1 part of resin, melted, and used hot.
To Make Ice. Nearly fill a gallon stone jar with hot
spring water (leaving room for about a pint), and put in
two ounces of refined nitre; the bottle must then be stopped
closely, making it air-tight, then let it down into a deep
well. In about four hours it will be frozen, but the bottle
must be broken to obtain the ice. However, if a vessel be
used that has a larger mouth than bottom, and tapers, the
ice can be removed by applying heat, and the vessel can
be used again. The process can be hastened by raising the
vessel up and down in the water.
Incombustible Cloth. Dissolve one part of sal ammonia
in four parts of water, and soak the fabric in the solution.
If in doubt regarding the nature of mushrooms, sprinkle
a little salt on the under side, and if they are poisonous
they will turn yellow; if not, they will turn black.
To Destroy Files. One drachm each of powdered black
pepper and brown sugar, and two drachms of milk or
cream. Mix and place in a saucer.
To Heal tini'ise* on Trees. Make a preparation of two
parts of tar to one part of brick dust, and apply.
To Polish Wood. Take a piece of pumice stone and
water and pass over the work until the rising of the grain
is cut down, then take powdered tripoli and boiled linseed
oil and polish to a bright finish.
USEFUL INFORMATION .").")
To Make Soft Soap. Take ten pounds of potash and
soak in ten gallons of hot water until dissolved, then add
six pounds of grease and boil; put in a barrel and add
fifteen gallons of water.
To Waterproof Cloth. Take fifteen parts of boiled lin-
seed oil and three quarts of ground litharge, and one part
of beeswax. Mix, and apply to the fabric with a brush.
Stretch the cloth on a frame before applying.
To Make Good Black Ink. Boil one pound of logwood
chips in one and one-half gallons of water until reduced
to two quarts; pour off, and then put in one and one-half
gallons of water on the chips and boil as before, which will
make one gallon in all ; mix the two liquids and add one-
half ounce of bichromate of potash, and one-quarter of an
ounce of prussiate of potash, and one-half ounce of prus-
sian blue; boil again, strain and bottle.
To Make Good Red Ink. Take an ounce vial and put
into it a teaspoonful of ammonia, and gum arabic about
the size of a bean; then add six grains of number 40 car-
mine, and five grains of number 8 carmine, fill up with soft
water and it will soon be ready for use.
To Make Russian Cement, for Mending Crockery, Glass-
iccire, Etc. Dissolve pure Russian isinglass in soft water,
which will require about twelve hours. When it has soft-
ened, put on the stove and boil to the right consistency.
Use a double vessel to prevent burning.
Paste for Labels on Tin. One cup of water to three
tablespoonfuls of flour, to which add two tablespoonfuls of
molasses, then boil.
Rat Poison. Mix two ounces of carbonate of barytes
with one pound of lard or grease, and spread thickly on
bread, then put near their holes; water should be put
nearby, as it hastens the action of the poison, and the car-
casses can be recovered.
A Good ]VIiitcirash for Rooms. Soak two ounces of
glue in water overnight, then mix four pounds of whiting
in cold water; heat the glue until dissolved, and pour into
the solution while hot; after mixing well, add sufficient
water to work easily with a brush, and apply.
REVEALED
Stucco Whiteirufih. Slack one-half bushel of lime with
hoi ling' wator, and covor the vessel for a few moments until
well slacked; dissolve one peek of salt in water and add to
the lime, then add three pounds of rice boiled to a thin
paste, and pour in hot, stirring all the time; then add one-
half pound of Spanish whiting, and one pound of glue that
has been well dissolved; then add five gallons of hot water,
cover the vessel and let stand for a few days. This will
last for years, and is well worth the trouble of preparing.
To Preserre Eggs. Make a solution of water glass and
submerge the eggs in it.
Another preservative is to take three gallons of water
and add five pounds of fresh slacked lime and one-half as
much salt; stir until mixed, and put the eggs in carefully
so as not to crack the shells.
It is claimed that if the small end of an egg is full of
wrinkles it will produce a male; if smooth, a female.
If one teaspoonful of cayenne pepper be put in the food
for about twelve hens, it will increase the egg production.
Egg Omelette. Three eggs, one tablespoonful of flour
and one cup of milk; beat the eggs and flour together, then
stir in the milk; fry with butter; for a larger quantity, add
a little salt.
To lice/con tin- (lost of Coal, Etc. Multiply the number
of pounds by one-half the price per ton, and point off three
places to the left.
To Measure (iraht. Level the grain, then multiply the
length, width and depth together, and the product by 8, and
point off one place to the left.
To Write on Eggs. Immerse the egg in melted wax
and write on it with any pointed instrument, then apply
to the writing vinegar, or diluted hydrochloric acid, and
wash off.
Required per Acre
4 ft. apart each way,
5 ft. apart each way,
. ,
way, 1,742
X umber of Trees
15 ft. apart each way, 200
18 ft. apart each way, i:>5
:20 ft. apart each way, 110
25 ft. apart each way, 70 8 ft. apart each way, 080
.">0 ft. apart each way, 50 10 ft, apart each way, 430
.">.' ft. apart each way, 40 12 ft, apart each way, .>25
L. apari eacn way, ,
(5 ft. apart each way, 1,200
ft. apart each way, f>80
USEFUL INFORMATION 57
Panes of glass may he easily removed by applying a
little soft soap.
Do not let pearl or ivory handled knives touch the water
when cleaning them, as this is the cause of their cracking.
About 500 cubic feet of settled hay will make a ton, and
700 cubic feet of loose hay.
The deepest hole ever bored in the earth is at Potsdam,
which is 5,500 feet in depth.
The flight of wild ducks is estimated at 90 miles an
hour; of the swift, 200 miles; the carrier pigeon, 40; the
swallow, 60, and the migratory birds in crossing the ocean,
at 120 miles an hour.
In northern Siberia the ground is frozen to a depth of
660 feet and thaws to a depth of but 3 or 4 feet in summer.
Below 660 feet, internal heat begins.
To Write on Glass. Cover the glass with beeswax or
soap, and write whatever is desired on the covered surface
with any pointed tool, then apply hydrofluoric acid along
the design, and the marks will remain indelibly stamped on
the surface of the glass.
A ton of pure gold is valued at $692,799.21. The weight
a million dollars of gold coin is 3,685.8 pounds.
A ton of pure silver is valued at $37,704.84. The weight
of a million dollars in silver coin is 58,929.9 pounds.
Hoiv to Find the, Height by Measuring the Shadoic.
Measure the shadow of a pole standing upright, and also
the shadow of the desired object; then multiply the length
of the pole by the length of the shadow of the object, and
divide the product by the length of the shadow of the pole.
The Effect of Changing the Evener of Double-trees.
Tn moving the center pin of an evener one inch toward the
end pins it changes the draft twice as much as it does to
move one of the end pins one inch toward the center pin.
Or, in other words, moving the center pin changes the draft
twice as much as changing one of the end pins or clevises.
If the center pin of an ordinary evener, which is 42
inches in length, is moved one inch from the center to the
right or left, the horse pulling on the sliort end will draw
one-twentieth more than the one on the long end. If one
of the end pins is moved one inch, the difference will be
one-fortieth.
-
58 SECRETS REVEALED
The draft on a 14-inch plow plowing 4 inches deep is
about 1,000 pounds; 5 inches dee]), 1,250 pounds; 6 inches
deop, 1,500 pounds.
To Tonic a Horse. Take finely grated horse castor,
oils of cumin and rhodium; keep in separate bottles well
corked. Put some of the cumin on your hand and ap-
proach the horse on the windy side. When he comes toward
you, rub some of the cumin on his nose and give him
some of the castor on anything he is fond of, and put some
of the rhodium on his tongue. A timid horse should lx k
handled very carefully; much patience is necessary in order
to gain his confidence. It is a good plan to confine him in
an enclosure, take a whip, and when he turns his rump
toward you, snap it at his heels, but desist as soon as he
turns his head toward you.
To Cure Horses of Jumping Fences. The writer ,once
owned a valuable colt which nothing would cure of break-
ing down and jumping fences, which often injured him.
Everything was tried until one day, in speaking of it to an
old horseman, he recommended the following method, which
was tried and worked successfully: Pass a strong surcingle
about the horse's body just back of the fore legs, and run
a long halter strap from his head in between his legs and
beneath the surcingle back to one of his hind feet, to which
fasten, using a broad strap about his ankle. The strap
should be changed occasionally to tlie other foot to avoid
chafing.
To Cure a Horse of Pulling at the Halter. Take a
small rope and pass it under his tail, and carry the two
ends forward, crossing them on his back, and tie in front
of his chest. Run the halter strap through the hole, or
ring, in the manger and tie to the rope in front. He won't
pull back many times after he discovers it is self-punish-
ment.
To Prevent a Horse Kicking in the Stall. Fasten a
small chain about two feet long to each hind foot, and lie
will soon be cured of his kicking.
To Cure a Horse of Ball-ing. Take him out of the rig
and whirl him around in a short circle a number of times
as fast as possible. It usually takes two men to do this,
one to use a whip on him and keep him going.
tlsBPUL INFORMATION 59
Cure for Harness Galls. White lead and linseed oil
mixed as for paint, and applied with a brush. An excellent
remedy.
Rary's Liniment. Four ounces each of sulphuric ether,
hartshorn, oil of origanum, alcohol, and sweet oil. Put in
a bottle and shake well before using. In cases of sprains,
etc., rub well on affected parts, and then wrap with flannel
bandage.
To Produce a White Spot on a Horse. Shave off the
Jiair, and apply oil of vitrol. This will produce an inflam-
mation, which will yield to an application of a weak solu-
tion of copperas water.
To Drive Flies from a Stable. Scatter chloride of lime
the floor.
('it re for Colic. Three ounces of turpentine and one
ounce of laudanum mixed in one-half pint of warm water.
If not relieved in one hour, repeat the dose, adding one-
half of an ounce of best powdered aloes well dissolved.
Cure for Bots. First give 2 quarts of milk and 1 quart
of molasses, mixed; then 1.5 minutes after give warm sage
tea, 2 quarts: 30 minutes after give 3 pints of currier's
oil, or enough to produce a physic. If the oil cannot be
obtained, use lard with 3 or 4 ounces of salt added.
Cure for Bone Spavin. One ounce each of corrosive
sublimate, quicksilver, and iodine, and lard enough to form
a paste. Rub the quicksilver and iodine together, then add
the sublimate, then the lard, and mix thoroughly. Shave
off the hair the size of the bone enlargement; then grease
all around it, but not where the hair is shaved off; this
prevents the action of the medicine, except upon the
spavin; then rub in as much of the salve as will lie upon a
ten-cent piece, each morning for four mornings. In about
eight days the spavin should come out. Wash out the sore
well with soapsuds, and apply a healing salve, which will
be found in another part of this book.
GO SECRETS REVEALED
The Nile River, in Africa, has a fall of but 6 inches in
every 1,000 miles. Its rise begins in June, and continues
to the middle of August, attaining an elevation of 26 feet,
overflowing the valley of Egypt 12 miles wide, which is the
cause of much fever. The retirement of the river leaves a
deposit of about four inches in a century, and encroaches
on the sea 16 feet each year. Bricks have been found at a
depth of 60 feet, which shows the great antiquity of the
country. The soil is the richest in the world.
The Temple of Diana, at Ephesus, was 425 feet high
and 225 feet broad. It had 127 columns, each 60 feet
high, to support the roof. It was 200 years in building.
The largest of the Egyptian pyramids is 540 feet high,
and it is 693 feet on the sides. Its base covers 11 acres.
The layers of stone are 208 in number, many of them being
30 feet long, 4 feet broad and 3 feet thick.
In the Temple of the Sun, at Baalbec, are stones more
than 60 feet long, 24 feet thick and 16 feet broad. Each
one contains 23,000 cubic feet and no one knows how they
were transported from the quarries.
Six of the enormous columns are 72 feet high, composed
of 3 stones, each 7 feet in diameter. Sesostris is credited
with having transported from the mountains of Arabia one
rock 32 feet wide and 240 feet long.
During modern times a block of granite weighing 1,217
tons, now used as the pedestal of the equestrian statue of
Peter the Great, at Petrograd, was transported 4 miles by
land over a railway and 13 miles by water.
Waters of the oceans, seas, etc., contain more organized
beings than all the land.
The River Po carries to the sea every day a quantity
of soil which can be imagined when we consider that 2,500
years ago Adria was on the sea shore, and at its mouth,
while todav it is 20 miles from the sea.
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY
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